doc_id sent_index relation_id relation trigger trigger_offset arg_num arg_head arg_protein arg_domain arg_site arg_sugar arg_head_offset arg_base_np arg_base_np_offset arg_np arg_np_offset sent_text PSource NProtein NID SiteSource SiteName 24721674 9 0 theme phase 1800:1804 arg1 extraction 1806:1815 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 1741:1815 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment 1741:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 6 1 theme 567 1374:1376 arg1 proteins 1378:1385 567 proteins 1374:1385 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1374:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 2 2 theme glycopeptides 395:407 arg1 isolation 382:390 the selective isolation 368:390 the selective isolation of glycopeptides 368:407 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 2 2 theme glycopeptides 395:407 arg1 extraction 335:344 the effective extraction 321:344 the effective extraction of membrane proteins 321:365 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 2 2 theme glycopeptides 395:407 arg1 characterization 436:451 the mass spectrometric characterization 413:451 the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation 413:468 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 6 3 from identification 1325:1338 arg1 proteins 1378:1385 567 proteins 1374:1385 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1374:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 4 4 theme Triton 976:981 arg1 X-100 983:987 Triton X-100 976:987 Triton X-100 976:987 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 7 5 theme high 1552:1555 arg1 dissociation 1574:1585 high energy collision dissociation 1552:1585 high energy collision dissociation 1552:1585 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 3 6 theme glycan 836:841 arg1 composition 843:853 site-specific glycan composition 822:853 site-specific glycan composition 822:853 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 6 7 theme sites 1363:1367 arg1 identification 1325:1338 the identification 1321:1338 the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1321:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 3 8 theme chromatography 627:640 arg1 interaction 654:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction 589:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 8 theme chromatography 627:640 arg1 SPE 673:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 9 9 gly glycopeptide 1867:1878 arg2 glycopeptide 1867:1878 intact glycopeptide enrichment 1860:1889 intact glycopeptide enrichment 1860:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 4 10 theme detergents 948:957 arg1 concentration 924:936 a high concentration 917:936 a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 917:987 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 6 11 theme protein 1260:1266 arg1 digest 1268:1273 200μg total protein digest 1248:1273 200μg total protein digest 1248:1273 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 3 12 theme hydrophilic 603:613 arg1 chromatography 627:640 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography 589:640 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 7 13 gly N-glycosites 1470:1481 arg2 N-glycosites 1470:1481 82 N-glycosites 1467:1481 82 N-glycosites 1467:1481 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 10 14 theme glycosylation 1966:1978 arg1 analysis 1980:1987 glycosylation analysis 1966:1987 glycosylation analysis 1966:1987 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 6 15 theme 200μg 1248:1252 arg1 digest 1268:1273 200μg total protein digest 1248:1273 200μg total protein digest 1248:1273 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 2 16 theme proteins 358:365 arg1 isolation 382:390 the selective isolation 368:390 the selective isolation of glycopeptides 368:407 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 2 16 theme proteins 358:365 arg1 extraction 335:344 the effective extraction 321:344 the effective extraction of membrane proteins 321:365 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 2 16 theme proteins 358:365 arg1 characterization 436:451 the mass spectrometric characterization 413:451 the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation 413:468 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 4 17 theme hydrophobic 1012:1022 arg1 proteins 1033:1040 highly hydrophobic membrane proteins 1005:1040 highly hydrophobic membrane proteins 1005:1040 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 3 18 theme phase 648:652 arg1 interaction 654:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction 589:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 18 theme phase 648:652 arg1 SPE 673:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 11 19 dep composition 2233:2243 arg1 sequence 2258:2265 sequence 2258:2265 sequence 2258:2265 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 7 20 theme glycan 1493:1498 arg1 composition 1500:1510 glycan composition 1493:1510 glycan composition 1493:1510 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 5 21 theme protein 1175:1181 arg1 glycosylation 1183:1195 membrane protein glycosylation 1166:1195 membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1166:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 11 22 theme N-glycosylation 2331:2345 arg1 characterization 2347:2362 site-specific N-glycosylation characterization 2317:2362 site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane 2317:2374 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 5 23 theme approach 1140:1147 arg1 performance 1120:1130 the performance 1116:1130 the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1116:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 6 24 gly N-glycosylation 1347:1361 arg2 sites 1363:1367 811 N-glycosylation sites 1343:1367 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1343:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 6 24 gly N-glycosylation 1347:1361 arg2 811 1343:1345 811 1343:1345 811 1343:1345 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 11 25 from proteins 2162:2169 arg1 sites 2147:2151 811 N-glycosylation sites 2127:2151 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins 2127:2169 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 10 26 theme collision 2023:2031 arg1 dissociation 2033:2044 high energy collision dissociation 2011:2044 high energy collision dissociation 2011:2044 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 1 27 theme membrane 173:180 arg1 proteins 182:189 membrane proteins 173:189 membrane proteins 173:189 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 11 28 theme 567 2158:2160 arg1 proteins 2162:2169 567 proteins 2158:2169 567 proteins 2158:2169 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 5 29 from study 1157:1161 arg1 lines 1230:1234 human embryonic kidney cell lines 1202:1234 human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1202:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 5 29 from study 1157:1161 arg1 HEK 1237:1239 HEK 293T 1237:1244 HEK 293T 1237:1244 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 5 30 theme cell 1225:1228 arg1 lines 1230:1234 human embryonic kidney cell lines 1202:1234 human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1202:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 5 30 theme cell 1225:1228 arg1 HEK 1237:1239 HEK 293T 1237:1244 HEK 293T 1237:1244 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 3 31 theme detergent 695:703 arg1 removal 705:711 simultaneous detergent removal 682:711 simultaneous detergent removal 682:711 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 4 32 theme protein 1081:1087 arg1 extraction 1089:1098 membrane protein extraction 1072:1098 membrane protein extraction 1072:1098 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 0 33 theme chromatography 104:117 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 11 34 theme intact 2195:2200 arg1 glycopeptides 2202:2214 177 intact glycopeptides 2191:2214 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence 2191:2265 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 1 35 theme important 200:208 arg1 role 210:213 an important role 197:213 an important role 197:213 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 0 36 theme phase 125:129 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 2 37 theme effective 325:333 arg1 extraction 335:344 the effective extraction 321:344 the effective extraction of membrane proteins 321:365 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 8 38 theme cell 1655:1658 arg1 glycosylation 1669:1681 cell membrane glycosylation 1655:1681 cell membrane glycosylation 1655:1681 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation has been developed in this manuscript. 24721674 2 39 theme glycosylation 456:468 arg1 isolation 382:390 the selective isolation 368:390 the selective isolation of glycopeptides 368:407 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 2 39 theme glycosylation 456:468 arg1 extraction 335:344 the effective extraction 321:344 the effective extraction of membrane proteins 321:365 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 2 39 theme glycosylation 456:468 arg1 characterization 436:451 the mass spectrometric characterization 413:451 the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation 413:468 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 5 40 theme embryonic 1208:1216 arg1 kidney 1218:1223 human embryonic kidney 1202:1223 human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1202:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 8 41 theme glycosylation 1669:1681 arg1 systematic 1626:1635 systematic 1626:1635 systematic 1626:1635 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation has been developed in this manuscript. 24721674 0 42 theme Site-specific 0:12 arg1 characterization 14:29 Site-specific characterization 0:29 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 0:154 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 9 43 theme simultaneous 1825:1836 arg1 removal 1848:1854 the simultaneous detergent removal 1821:1854 the simultaneous detergent removal 1821:1854 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 10 44 theme energy 2016:2021 arg1 dissociation 2033:2044 high energy collision dissociation 2011:2044 high energy collision dissociation 2011:2044 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 4 45 theme SPE 866:868 arg1 conditions 870:879 The HILIC SPE conditions 856:879 The HILIC SPE conditions 856:879 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 2 46 theme current 491:497 arg1 techniques 510:519 current analytical techniques 491:519 current analytical techniques 491:519 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 11 47 theme glycan 2226:2231 arg1 composition 2233:2243 glycan composition 2226:2243 glycan composition 2226:2243 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 2 48 gly glycopeptides 395:407 arg2 glycopeptides 395:407 glycopeptides 395:407 glycopeptides 395:407 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 10 49 theme site-specific 2062:2074 arg1 N-glycosylation 2076:2090 site-specific N-glycosylation 2062:2090 site-specific N-glycosylation 2062:2090 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 4 50 theme high 919:922 arg1 concentration 924:936 a high concentration 917:936 a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 917:987 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 0 51 theme membrane 39:46 arg1 N-glycosylation 48:62 cell membrane N-glycosylation 34:62 cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS 34:153 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 3 52 gly N-glycosylation 796:810 arg2 sites 812:816 protein N-glycosylation sites 788:816 protein N-glycosylation sites 788:816 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 0 53 theme hydrophilic 80:90 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 5 54 from lines 1230:1234 arg1 study 1157:1161 the study 1153:1161 the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1153:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 5 54 from lines 1230:1234 arg1 glycosylation 1183:1195 membrane protein glycosylation 1166:1195 membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1166:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 9 55 theme detergent 1838:1846 arg1 removal 1848:1854 the simultaneous detergent removal 1821:1854 the simultaneous detergent removal 1821:1854 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 10 56 theme high 2011:2014 arg1 dissociation 2033:2044 high energy collision dissociation 2011:2044 high energy collision dissociation 2011:2044 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 10 57 theme cell 2104:2107 arg1 membrane 2109:2116 HEK293 cell membrane 2097:2116 HEK293 cell membrane 2097:2116 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 3 58 theme systematic 539:548 arg1 approach 550:557 a systematic approach 537:557 a systematic approach 537:557 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 9 59 theme interaction 1767:1777 arg1 chromatography 1779:1792 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1741:1792 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment 1741:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 3 60 theme spectrometric 751:763 arg1 identification 765:778 mass spectrometric identification 746:778 mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition 746:853 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 2 61 theme mass 417:420 arg1 characterization 436:451 the mass spectrometric characterization 413:451 the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation 413:468 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 6 62 from proteins 1378:1385 arg1 identification 1325:1338 the identification 1321:1338 the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1321:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 6 62 from proteins 1378:1385 arg1 sites 1363:1367 811 N-glycosylation sites 1343:1367 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1343:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 9 63 theme solid 1794:1798 arg1 extraction 1806:1815 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 1741:1815 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment 1741:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 3 64 theme sites 812:816 arg1 identification 765:778 mass spectrometric identification 746:778 mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition 746:853 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 64 theme sites 812:816 arg1 interaction 654:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction 589:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 64 theme sites 812:816 arg1 SPE 673:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 10 65 theme HILIC 1897:1901 arg1 SPE 1903:1905 This HILIC SPE 1892:1905 This HILIC SPE 1892:1905 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 1 66 theme cell 296:299 arg1 signaling 301:309 cell signaling 296:309 cell signaling 296:309 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 3 67 theme protein 788:794 arg1 sites 812:816 protein N-glycosylation sites 788:816 protein N-glycosylation sites 788:816 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 68 theme interaction 615:625 arg1 chromatography 627:640 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography 589:640 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 11 69 theme membrane 2367:2374 arg1 characterization 2347:2362 site-specific N-glycosylation characterization 2317:2362 site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane 2317:2374 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 7 70 theme energy 1557:1562 arg1 dissociation 1574:1585 high energy collision dissociation 1552:1585 high energy collision dissociation 1552:1585 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 3 71 gly glycopeptide 717:728 arg2 glycopeptide 717:728 glycopeptide enrichment 717:739 glycopeptide enrichment 717:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 72 theme composition 843:853 arg1 identification 765:778 mass spectrometric identification 746:778 mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition 746:853 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 72 theme composition 843:853 arg1 interaction 654:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction 589:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 72 theme composition 843:853 arg1 SPE 673:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 6 73 theme N-glycosylation 1347:1361 arg1 sites 1363:1367 811 N-glycosylation sites 1343:1367 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates 1343:1420 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 3 74 theme integrated 592:601 arg1 chromatography 627:640 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography 589:640 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 7 75 theme collision 1564:1572 arg1 dissociation 1574:1585 high energy collision dissociation 1552:1585 high energy collision dissociation 1552:1585 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 4 76 theme strong 941:946 arg1 SDS 968:970 SDS 968:970 SDS 968:970 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 4 76 theme strong 941:946 arg1 X-100 983:987 Triton X-100 976:987 Triton X-100 976:987 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 4 76 theme strong 941:946 arg1 detergents 948:957 strong detergents 941:957 strong detergents 941:957 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 6 77 theme total 1254:1258 arg1 digest 1268:1273 200μg total protein digest 1248:1273 200μg total protein digest 1248:1273 200μg total protein digest was processed using this approach, leading to the identification of 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins within two experimental replicates. 24721674 3 78 theme site-specific 822:834 arg1 composition 843:853 site-specific glycan composition 822:853 site-specific glycan composition 822:853 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 1 79 theme cellular 218:225 arg1 recognition 280:290 immunologic recognition 268:290 immunologic recognition 268:290 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 1 79 theme cellular 218:225 arg1 signaling 301:309 cell signaling 296:309 cell signaling 296:309 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 1 79 theme cellular 218:225 arg1 behaviors 227:235 cellular behaviors 218:235 cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling 218:309 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 1 79 theme cellular 218:225 arg1 interaction 255:265 cell-cell interaction 245:265 cell-cell interaction 245:265 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 1 80 gly Glycosylation 156:168 arg1 proteins 182:189 membrane proteins 173:189 membrane proteins 173:189 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 9 81 theme integrated 1744:1753 arg1 chromatography 1779:1792 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1741:1792 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment 1741:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 2 82 theme membrane 349:356 arg1 proteins 358:365 membrane proteins 349:365 membrane proteins 349:365 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 7 83 gly glycopeptides 1440:1452 arg2 glycopeptides 1440:1452 177 glycopeptides 1436:1452 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence 1436:1531 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 9 84 theme glycopeptide 1867:1878 arg1 enrichment 1880:1889 intact glycopeptide enrichment 1860:1889 intact glycopeptide enrichment 1860:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 7 85 theme peptide 1516:1522 arg1 sequence 1524:1531 peptide sequence 1516:1531 peptide sequence 1516:1531 Furthermore, 177 glycopeptides representing 82 N-glycosites with both glycan composition and peptide sequence were identified by high energy collision dissociation. 24721674 5 86 theme membrane 1166:1173 arg1 glycosylation 1183:1195 membrane protein glycosylation 1166:1195 membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1166:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 1 87 theme cell-cell 245:253 arg1 interaction 255:265 cell-cell interaction 245:265 cell-cell interaction 245:265 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 4 88 theme membrane 1024:1031 arg1 proteins 1033:1040 highly hydrophobic membrane proteins 1005:1040 highly hydrophobic membrane proteins 1005:1040 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 8 89 theme BIOLOGICAL 1588:1597 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1599:1610 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 1588:1610 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation 1588:1681 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation has been developed in this manuscript. 24721674 5 90 theme glycosylation 1183:1195 arg1 study 1157:1161 the study 1153:1161 the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1153:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 3 91 theme HILIC 667:671 arg1 interaction 654:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction 589:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 91 theme HILIC 667:671 arg1 SPE 673:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 9 92 theme intact 1860:1865 arg1 enrichment 1880:1889 intact glycopeptide enrichment 1860:1889 intact glycopeptide enrichment 1860:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 3 93 theme solid 642:646 arg1 interaction 654:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction 589:664 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment 589:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 3 93 theme solid 642:646 arg1 SPE 673:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 HILIC SPE 667:675 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 11 94 theme site-specific 2317:2329 arg1 characterization 2347:2362 site-specific N-glycosylation characterization 2317:2362 site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane 2317:2374 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 2 95 theme selective 372:380 arg1 isolation 382:390 the selective isolation 368:390 the selective isolation of glycopeptides 368:407 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 0 96 theme interaction 92:102 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 3 97 theme simultaneous 682:693 arg1 removal 705:711 simultaneous detergent removal 682:711 simultaneous detergent removal 682:711 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 1 98 theme proteins 182:189 arg1 Glycosylation 156:168 Glycosylation 156:168 Glycosylation of membrane proteins 156:189 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 0 99 theme solid 119:123 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 11 100 gly N-glycosylation 2131:2145 arg2 sites 2147:2151 811 N-glycosylation sites 2127:2151 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins 2127:2169 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 11 100 gly N-glycosylation 2131:2145 arg2 811 2127:2129 811 2127:2129 811 2127:2129 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 4 101 theme membrane 1072:1079 arg1 extraction 1089:1098 membrane protein extraction 1072:1098 membrane protein extraction 1072:1098 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 10 102 theme HEK293 2097:2102 arg1 membrane 2109:2116 HEK293 cell membrane 2097:2116 HEK293 cell membrane 2097:2116 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 10 103 dep efficiency 1935:1944 arg1 the 1931:1933 the 1931:1933 the 1931:1933 This HILIC SPE significantly increased the efficiency and sensitivity for glycosylation analysis and was combined with high energy collision dissociation to characterize site-specific N-glycosylation from HEK293 cell membrane. 24721674 8 104 theme membrane 1660:1667 arg1 glycosylation 1669:1681 cell membrane glycosylation 1655:1681 cell membrane glycosylation 1655:1681 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation has been developed in this manuscript. 24721674 11 105 with glycopeptides 2202:2214 arg1 peptides 2249:2256 peptides 2249:2256 peptides 2249:2256 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 11 105 with glycopeptides 2202:2214 arg1 composition 2233:2243 glycan composition 2226:2243 glycan composition 2226:2243 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 5 106 theme human 1202:1206 arg1 kidney 1218:1223 human embryonic kidney 1202:1223 human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1202:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 11 107 theme N-glycosylation 2131:2145 arg1 sites 2147:2151 811 N-glycosylation sites 2127:2151 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins 2127:2169 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 5 108 theme kidney 1218:1223 arg1 lines 1230:1234 human embryonic kidney cell lines 1202:1234 human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T) 1202:1245 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 5 108 theme kidney 1218:1223 arg1 HEK 1237:1239 HEK 293T 1237:1244 HEK 293T 1237:1244 We illustrated the performance of this approach for the study of membrane protein glycosylation from human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK 293T). 24721674 2 109 theme spectrometric 422:434 arg1 characterization 436:451 the mass spectrometric characterization 413:451 the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation 413:468 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 0 110 theme cell 34:37 arg1 N-glycosylation 48:62 cell membrane N-glycosylation 34:62 cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS 34:153 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 2 111 theme analytical 499:508 arg1 techniques 510:519 current analytical techniques 491:519 current analytical techniques 491:519 However, the effective extraction of membrane proteins, the selective isolation of glycopeptides and the mass spectrometric characterization of glycosylation are challenging with current analytical techniques. 24721674 11 112 gly glycopeptides 2202:2214 arg2 glycopeptides 2202:2214 177 intact glycopeptides 2191:2214 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence 2191:2265 Totally 811 N-glycosylation sites from 567 proteins were identified and 177 intact glycopeptides with both glycan composition and peptides sequence were characterized, which provided a solution for site-specific N-glycosylation characterization of membrane. 24721674 4 113 theme HILIC 860:864 arg1 conditions 870:879 The HILIC SPE conditions 856:879 The HILIC SPE conditions 856:879 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 0 114 theme N-glycosylation 48:62 arg1 characterization 14:29 Site-specific characterization 0:29 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 0:154 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 8 115 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1599:1610 arg1 method 1615:1620 A method 1613:1620 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation 1588:1681 BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A method for systematic characterizing of cell membrane glycosylation has been developed in this manuscript. 24721674 4 116 theme extraction 1089:1098 arg1 yield 1063:1067 the yield 1059:1067 the yield of membrane protein extraction 1059:1098 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 3 117 theme glycopeptide 717:728 arg1 enrichment 730:739 glycopeptide enrichment 717:739 glycopeptide enrichment 717:739 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 0 118 theme integrated 69:78 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 4 119 theme concentration 924:936 arg1 use 910:912 the use 906:912 the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 906:987 The HILIC SPE conditions were optimized to enable the use of a high concentration of strong detergents, such as SDS and Triton X-100 and to dissolve highly hydrophobic membrane proteins, thus increasing the yield of membrane protein extraction. 24721674 9 120 theme hydrophilic 1755:1765 arg1 chromatography 1779:1792 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1741:1792 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment 1741:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 3 121 theme mass 746:749 arg1 identification 765:778 mass spectrometric identification 746:778 mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition 746:853 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 1 122 theme immunologic 268:278 arg1 recognition 280:290 immunologic recognition 268:290 immunologic recognition 268:290 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays an important role in cellular behaviors such as cell-cell interaction, immunologic recognition and cell signaling. 24721674 9 123 theme chromatography 1779:1792 arg1 extraction 1806:1815 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 1741:1815 an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment 1741:1889 It is comprised of an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction for the simultaneous detergent removal and intact glycopeptide enrichment. 24721674 3 124 theme N-glycosylation 796:810 arg1 sites 812:816 protein N-glycosylation sites 788:816 protein N-glycosylation sites 788:816 In this study, a systematic approach was developed which combined: an integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase interaction (HILIC SPE) for simultaneous detergent removal and glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometric identification of both protein N-glycosylation sites and site-specific glycan composition. 24721674 0 125 with N-glycosylation 48:62 arg1 extraction 131:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction 69:140 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 24721674 0 125 with N-glycosylation 48:62 arg1 LC-MS/MS 146:153 LC-MS/MS 146:153 LC-MS/MS 146:153 Site-specific characterization of cell membrane N-glycosylation with integrated hydrophilic interaction chromatography solid phase extraction and LC-MS/MS. 27440889 11 0 theme conserved 2090:2098 arg1 regions 2108:2114 highly conserved HA stem regions 2083:2114 highly conserved HA stem regions 2083:2114 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 2 1 from sites 419:423 arg1 head 441:444 the globular head 428:444 the globular head 428:444 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 13 2 theme HA2 2450:2452 arg1 protein 2466:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 12 3 theme antibody 2346:2353 arg1 titers 2355:2360 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 2321:2360 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 2321:2360 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 3 4 theme useful 686:691 arg1 strategy 693:700 a useful strategy 684:700 a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines 684:743 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 13 5 theme A 2520:2520 arg1 epitope 2522:2528 the helix A epitope 2510:2528 the helix A epitope 2510:2528 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 2 6 theme influenza 595:603 arg1 strains 611:617 various influenza virus strains 587:617 various influenza virus strains 587:617 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 7 7 theme H5 1385:1386 arg1 protein 1410:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein 1380:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 10 8 theme influenza 2048:2056 arg1 strains 2064:2070 various influenza virus strains 2040:2070 various influenza virus strains 2040:2070 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 10 9 theme N-linked 1912:1919 arg1 sites 1935:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites 1912:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1912:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 6 10 theme H5HA 1221:1224 arg1 N-glycans 1208:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1195:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA 1195:1237 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 13 11 theme virus 2695:2699 arg1 challenges 2701:2710 lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2683:2710 lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2683:2710 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 5 12 theme heterosubtypic 1161:1174 arg1 viruses 1176:1182 homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1131:1182 homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1131:1182 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 7 13 theme protein 1410:1416 arg1 immunization 1418:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 3 14 theme universal 716:724 arg1 vaccines 736:743 universal influenza vaccines 716:743 universal influenza vaccines 716:743 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 11 15 theme useful 2139:2144 arg1 strategy 2146:2153 a useful strategy 2137:2153 a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines 2137:2196 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 7 16 theme stem 1398:1401 arg1 protein 1410:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein 1380:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 11 17 theme stem 2103:2106 arg1 regions 2108:2114 highly conserved HA stem regions 2083:2114 highly conserved HA stem regions 2083:2114 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 9 18 theme effective 1882:1890 arg1 vaccines 1902:1909 more effective influenza vaccines 1877:1909 more effective influenza vaccines 1877:1909 These results may provide useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines. 27440889 6 19 theme HA2 1199:1201 arg1 N-glycans 1208:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1195:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA 1195:1237 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 11 20 theme HA 2100:2101 arg1 regions 2108:2114 highly conserved HA stem regions 2083:2114 highly conserved HA stem regions 2083:2114 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 4 21 theme N-linked 902:909 arg1 sites 925:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites 894:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 894:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 13 22 theme B 2486:2486 arg1 responses 2497:2505 B antibody responses 2486:2505 B antibody responses to the helix A epitope 2486:2528 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 4 23 from sites 925:929 arg1 stem 942:945 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 stem 942:945 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 4 23 from sites 925:929 arg1 regions 960:966 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 regions 960:966 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 8 24 theme homologous 1696:1705 arg1 challenges 1713:1722 homologous virus challenges 1696:1722 homologous virus challenges 1696:1722 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 13 25 theme fusion 2575:2580 arg1 inhibition 2582:2591 fusion inhibition 2575:2591 fusion inhibition 2575:2591 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 2 26 theme stem 543:546 arg1 region 548:553 the stem region 539:553 the stem region 539:553 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 1 27 dep region 244:249 arg1 i.e. 222:225 i.e. 222:225 i.e. 222:225 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 10 28 theme influenza 1964:1972 arg1 HA 1995:1996 HA 1995:1996 HA 1995:1996 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 10 28 theme influenza 1964:1972 arg1 hemagglutinin 1980:1992 influenza virus hemagglutinin 1964:1992 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1964:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 13 29 theme antibody 2488:2495 arg1 responses 2497:2505 B antibody responses 2486:2505 B antibody responses to the helix A epitope 2486:2528 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 5 30 theme H5 1039:1040 arg1 N484A 1042:1046 H5 N484A 1039:1046 H5 N484A 1039:1046 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 13 31 with immunization 2423:2434 arg1 protein 2466:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 4 32 theme mutant 873:878 arg1 proteins 880:887 recombinant HA mutant proteins 858:887 recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 858:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 13 33 theme stem 2454:2457 arg1 protein 2466:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 6 34 from activity 1358:1365 arg1 antisera 1370:1377 antisera 1370:1377 antisera 1370:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 4 35 theme recombinant 858:868 arg1 proteins 880:887 recombinant HA mutant proteins 858:887 recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 858:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 7 36 theme A 1551:1551 arg1 epitopes 1553:1560 the stem helix A epitopes 1536:1560 the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1536:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 5 37 theme HA2 1022:1024 arg1 region 1031:1036 the HA2 stem region 1018:1036 the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) 1018:1060 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 3 38 theme conserved 637:645 arg1 regions 655:661 highly conserved HA stem regions 630:661 highly conserved HA stem regions 630:661 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 1 39 theme virus 161:165 arg1 HA 182:183 HA 182:183 HA 182:183 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 1 39 theme virus 161:165 arg1 hemagglutinin 167:179 Influenza virus hemagglutinin 151:179 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 151:192 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 1 40 theme Influenza 151:159 arg1 HA 182:183 HA 182:183 HA 182:183 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 1 40 theme Influenza 151:159 arg1 hemagglutinin 167:179 Influenza virus hemagglutinin 151:179 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 151:192 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 4 41 theme HA2 951:953 arg1 regions 960:966 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 regions 960:966 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 2 42 from sites 530:534 arg1 region 548:553 the stem region 539:553 the stem region 539:553 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 14 43 theme influenza 2787:2795 arg1 vaccines 2797:2804 more effective influenza vaccines 2772:2804 more effective influenza vaccines 2772:2804 These results may provide useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines. 27440889 2 44 link N-linked 507:514 arg1 sites 530:534 N-linked glycosylation sites 507:534 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region 507:553 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 10 45 theme hemagglutinin 1980:1992 arg1 proteins 1999:2006 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1964:2006 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1964:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 6 46 theme cell 1335:1338 arg1 activity 1358:1365 cell fusion inhibition activity 1335:1365 cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera 1335:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 12 47 from viruses 2305:2311 arg1 N-glycans 2248:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans 2235:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2235:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 12 47 from viruses 2305:2311 arg1 proteins 2276:2283 recombinant HA proteins 2261:2283 recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2261:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 8 48 theme less 1740:1743 arg1 degree 1745:1750 a less degree 1738:1750 a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1738:1815 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 2 49 theme different 487:495 arg1 subtypes 497:504 different subtypes 487:504 different subtypes 487:504 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 0 50 theme Influenza 92:100 arg1 Proteins 122:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 1 51 theme N-linked 326:333 arg1 glycans 335:341 several N-linked glycans 318:341 several N-linked glycans 318:341 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 6 52 from antisera 1370:1377 arg1 increase 1323:1330 the increase 1319:1330 the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera 1319:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 7 53 theme B 1518:1518 arg1 cells 1520:1524 memory B cells 1511:1524 memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1511:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 12 54 theme HA 2273:2274 arg1 proteins 2276:2283 recombinant HA proteins 2261:2283 recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2261:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 10 55 theme proteins 1999:2006 arg1 regions 1953:1959 the stem regions 1944:1959 the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1944:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 0 56 theme Hemagglutinin 108:120 arg1 Proteins 122:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 10 57 theme virus 2058:2062 arg1 strains 2064:2070 various influenza virus strains 2040:2070 various influenza virus strains 2040:2070 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 2 58 theme glycosylation 516:528 arg1 sites 530:534 N-linked glycosylation sites 507:534 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region 507:553 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 8 59 theme heterosubtypic 1779:1792 arg1 challenges 1806:1815 heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1779:1815 heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1779:1815 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 2 60 gly glycosylation 516:528 arg2 sites 530:534 N-linked glycosylation sites 507:534 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region 507:553 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 12 61 theme stem 2243:2246 arg1 N-glycans 2248:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans 2235:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2235:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 13 62 theme significant 2632:2642 arg1 improvement 2644:2654 a significant improvement 2630:2654 a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2630:2710 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 8 63 theme virus 1800:1804 arg1 challenges 1806:1815 heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1779:1815 heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1779:1815 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 2 64 theme globular 432:439 arg1 head 441:444 the globular head 428:444 the globular head 428:444 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 4 65 theme stem 759:762 arg1 region 764:769 the HA stem region 752:769 the HA stem region 752:769 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 0 66 theme Neutralizing 24:35 arg1 Epitopes 37:44 Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes 10:44 Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes 10:44 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 5 67 theme homologous 1131:1140 arg1 viruses 1176:1182 homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1131:1182 homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1131:1182 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 7 68 theme B 1498:1498 arg1 cells 1500:1504 germinal center B cells 1482:1504 germinal center B cells 1482:1504 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 4 69 theme H5N1 971:974 arg1 viruses 986:992 H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 971:992 viruses 986:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 2 70 theme glycosylation 405:417 arg1 sites 419:423 N-linked glycosylation sites 396:423 N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head 396:444 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 11 71 theme universal 2169:2177 arg1 vaccines 2189:2196 universal influenza vaccines 2169:2196 universal influenza vaccines 2169:2196 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 7 72 theme germinal 1482:1489 arg1 cells 1500:1504 germinal center B cells 1482:1504 germinal center B cells 1482:1504 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 4 73 theme pH1N1 980:984 arg1 viruses 986:992 H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 971:992 viruses 986:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 3 74 theme stem 650:653 arg1 regions 655:661 highly conserved HA stem regions 630:661 highly conserved HA stem regions 630:661 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 4 75 theme HA2 823:825 arg1 part 827:830 a full HA2 part 816:830 a full HA2 part 816:830 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 0 76 theme N-Linked 60:67 arg1 Proteins 122:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 0 76 theme N-Linked 60:67 arg1 Sites 83:87 N-Linked Glycosylation Sites 60:87 N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design 60:148 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 5 77 theme neutralizing 1094:1105 arg1 titers 1116:1121 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 1082:1121 more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1082:1182 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 7 78 theme cells 1475:1479 arg1 numbers 1445:1451 the numbers 1441:1451 the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1441:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 10 79 theme various 2040:2046 arg1 strains 2064:2070 various influenza virus strains 2040:2070 various influenza virus strains 2040:2070 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 2 80 link N-linked 396:403 arg1 sites 419:423 N-linked glycosylation sites 396:423 N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head 396:444 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 4 81 theme HA1 792:794 arg1 part 807:810 an HA1 N-terminal part 789:810 an HA1 N-terminal part 789:810 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 8 82 theme HA2 1592:1594 arg1 N-glycans 1601:1609 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1588:1609 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins 1588:1633 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 12 83 theme heterosubtypic 2385:2398 arg1 viruses 2400:2406 homologous and heterosubtypic viruses 2370:2406 homologous and heterosubtypic viruses 2370:2406 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 12 84 theme homologous 2370:2379 arg1 viruses 2400:2406 homologous and heterosubtypic viruses 2370:2406 homologous and heterosubtypic viruses 2370:2406 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 1 85 theme head 239:242 arg1 region 244:249 a globular head region 228:249 a globular head region 228:249 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 6 86 theme activity 1358:1365 arg1 increase 1323:1330 the increase 1319:1330 the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera 1319:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 5 87 theme potent 1087:1092 arg1 titers 1116:1121 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 1082:1121 more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1082:1182 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 4 88 link N-linked 902:909 arg1 sites 925:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites 894:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 894:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 11 89 theme influenza 2179:2187 arg1 vaccines 2189:2196 universal influenza vaccines 2169:2196 universal influenza vaccines 2169:2196 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 6 90 theme H1HA 1234:1237 arg1 N-glycans 1208:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1195:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA 1195:1237 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 10 91 link N-linked 1912:1919 arg1 sites 1935:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites 1912:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1912:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 8 92 theme H5HA 1614:1617 arg1 proteins 1626:1633 H5HA mutant proteins 1614:1633 H5HA mutant proteins 1614:1633 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 5 93 theme heterologous 1143:1154 arg1 viruses 1176:1182 homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1131:1182 homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1131:1182 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 6 94 from increase 1323:1330 arg1 antisera 1370:1377 antisera 1370:1377 antisera 1370:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 2 95 theme virus 605:609 arg1 strains 611:617 various influenza virus strains 587:617 various influenza virus strains 587:617 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 9 96 theme useful 1844:1849 arg1 information 1851:1861 useful information 1844:1861 useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines 1844:1909 These results may provide useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines. 27440889 12 97 theme neutralizing 2333:2344 arg1 titers 2355:2360 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 2321:2360 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 2321:2360 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 8 98 theme proteins 1626:1633 arg1 N-glycans 1601:1609 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1588:1609 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins 1588:1633 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 1 99 theme stem 257:260 arg1 region 262:267 a stem region 255:267 a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure 255:387 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 7 100 theme mutant 1403:1408 arg1 protein 1410:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein 1380:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 2 101 theme various 587:593 arg1 strains 611:617 various influenza virus strains 587:617 various influenza virus strains 587:617 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 7 102 theme N484A 1388:1392 arg1 protein 1410:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein 1380:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 6 103 theme inhibition 1347:1356 arg1 activity 1358:1365 cell fusion inhibition activity 1335:1365 cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera 1335:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 7 104 theme HA2 1394:1396 arg1 protein 1410:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein 1380:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 7 105 theme Only 1380:1383 arg1 protein 1410:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein 1380:1416 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization 1380:1429 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 3 106 theme influenza 726:734 arg1 vaccines 736:743 universal influenza vaccines 716:743 universal influenza vaccines 716:743 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 6 107 theme stem 1203:1206 arg1 N-glycans 1208:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1195:1216 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA 1195:1237 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 13 108 theme helix 2514:2518 arg1 epitope 2522:2528 the helix A epitope 2510:2528 the helix A epitope 2510:2528 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 9 109 theme influenza 1892:1900 arg1 vaccines 1902:1909 more effective influenza vaccines 1877:1909 more effective influenza vaccines 1877:1909 These results may provide useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines. 27440889 5 110 from N-glycans 1005:1013 arg1 region 1031:1036 the HA2 stem region 1018:1036 the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) 1018:1060 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 4 111 theme deleted 894:900 arg1 sites 925:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites 894:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 894:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 10 112 theme glycosylation 1921:1933 arg1 sites 1935:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites 1912:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1912:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 6 113 theme FI6v3-like 1272:1281 arg1 antibodies 1283:1292 more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies 1251:1292 more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies 1251:1292 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 13 114 theme H5N1 2690:2693 arg1 challenges 2701:2710 lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2683:2710 lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2683:2710 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 4 115 theme glycosylation 911:923 arg1 sites 925:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites 894:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 894:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 12 116 theme potent 2326:2331 arg1 titers 2355:2360 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 2321:2360 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 2321:2360 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 12 117 from N-glycans 2248:2256 arg1 viruses 2305:2311 H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2290:2311 viruses 2305:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 6 118 theme CR6261-like 1256:1266 arg1 antibodies 1283:1292 more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies 1251:1292 more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies 1251:1292 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 7 119 theme stem 1540:1543 arg1 epitopes 1553:1560 the stem helix A epitopes 1536:1560 the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1536:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 8 120 theme virus 1707:1711 arg1 challenges 1713:1722 homologous virus challenges 1696:1722 homologous virus challenges 1696:1722 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 7 121 theme helix 1545:1549 arg1 epitopes 1553:1560 the stem helix A epitopes 1536:1560 the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1536:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 4 122 theme HA 870:871 arg1 proteins 880:887 recombinant HA mutant proteins 858:887 recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 858:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 12 123 theme H5N1 2290:2293 arg1 viruses 2305:2311 H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2290:2311 viruses 2305:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 10 124 theme stem 1948:1951 arg1 regions 1953:1959 the stem regions 1944:1959 the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1944:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 13 125 theme mutant 2459:2464 arg1 protein 2466:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 4 126 gly glycosylation 911:923 arg2 sites 925:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites 894:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 894:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 4 127 theme proteins 880:887 arg1 series 848:853 a series 846:853 a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 846:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 12 128 theme pH1N1 2299:2303 arg1 viruses 2305:2311 H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2290:2311 viruses 2305:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 6 129 theme fusion 1340:1345 arg1 activity 1358:1365 cell fusion inhibition activity 1335:1365 cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera 1335:1377 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA but not H1HA resulted in more CR6261-like and FI6v3-like antibodies and also correlated with the increase of cell fusion inhibition activity in antisera. 27440889 5 130 theme stem 1026:1029 arg1 region 1031:1036 the HA2 stem region 1018:1036 the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) 1018:1060 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 1 131 theme hemagglutinin 167:179 arg1 protein 186:192 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 151:192 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein 151:192 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 7 132 theme cells 1520:1524 arg1 numbers 1445:1451 the numbers 1441:1451 the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1441:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 12 133 theme recombinant 2261:2271 arg1 proteins 2276:2283 recombinant HA proteins 2261:2283 recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2261:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 14 134 theme effective 2777:2785 arg1 vaccines 2797:2804 more effective influenza vaccines 2772:2804 more effective influenza vaccines 2772:2804 These results may provide useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines. 27440889 4 135 theme HA1 938:940 arg1 stem 942:945 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 stem 942:945 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 10 136 theme virus 1974:1978 arg1 HA 1995:1996 HA 1995:1996 HA 1995:1996 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 10 136 theme virus 1974:1978 arg1 hemagglutinin 1980:1992 influenza virus hemagglutinin 1964:1992 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1964:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 0 137 theme Virus 102:106 arg1 Proteins 122:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 1 138 theme several 318:324 arg1 glycans 335:341 several N-linked glycans 318:341 several N-linked glycans 318:341 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 10 139 from sites 1935:1939 arg1 regions 1953:1959 the stem regions 1944:1959 the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1944:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 7 140 theme memory 1511:1516 arg1 cells 1520:1524 memory B cells 1511:1524 memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1511:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 4 141 theme stem 955:958 arg1 regions 960:966 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 regions 960:966 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 12 142 theme proteins 2276:2283 arg1 N-glycans 2248:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans 2235:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2235:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 1 143 theme complex 371:377 arg1 structure 379:387 a homotrimeric complex structure 356:387 a homotrimeric complex structure 356:387 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 0 144 theme Proteins 122:129 arg1 Proteins 122:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 0 144 theme Proteins 122:129 arg1 Sites 83:87 N-Linked Glycosylation Sites 60:87 N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design 60:148 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 7 145 from epitopes 1553:1560 arg1 splenocytes 1565:1575 splenocytes 1565:1575 splenocytes 1565:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 12 146 theme HA2 2239:2241 arg1 N-glycans 2248:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans 2235:2256 the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 2235:2311 Our studies indicate that unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of recombinant HA proteins from H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses induced more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 2 147 gly glycosylation 405:417 arg2 sites 419:423 N-linked glycosylation sites 396:423 N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head 396:444 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 13 148 theme lethal 2683:2688 arg1 challenges 2701:2710 lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2683:2710 lethal H5N1 virus challenges 2683:2710 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 0 149 theme Vaccine 135:141 arg1 Design 143:148 Vaccine Design 135:148 Vaccine Design 135:148 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 5 150 theme H1 1052:1053 arg1 N503A 1055:1059 H1 N503A 1052:1059 H1 N503A 1052:1059 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 2 151 theme N-linked 507:514 arg1 sites 530:534 N-linked glycosylation sites 507:534 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region 507:553 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 0 152 theme Stem-Specific 10:22 arg1 Epitopes 37:44 Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes 10:44 Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes 10:44 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 1 153 theme homotrimeric 358:369 arg1 structure 379:387 a homotrimeric complex structure 356:387 a homotrimeric complex structure 356:387 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 4 154 theme viruses 986:992 arg1 stem 942:945 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 stem 942:945 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 4 154 theme viruses 986:992 arg1 regions 960:966 the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions 934:966 regions 960:966 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 1 155 link N-linked 326:333 arg1 glycans 335:341 several N-linked glycans 318:341 several N-linked glycans 318:341 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 8 156 theme pH1N1 1794:1798 arg1 challenges 1806:1815 heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1779:1815 heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges 1779:1815 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 10 157 gly glycosylation 1921:1933 arg2 sites 1935:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites 1912:1939 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins 1912:2006 N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem regions of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 4 158 with proteins 880:887 arg1 sites 925:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites 894:929 deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses 894:992 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 14 159 theme useful 2739:2744 arg1 information 2746:2756 useful information 2739:2756 useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines 2739:2804 These results may provide useful information for designing more effective influenza vaccines. 27440889 4 160 theme HA 756:757 arg1 region 764:769 the HA stem region 752:769 the HA stem region 752:769 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 7 161 theme cells 1500:1504 arg1 numbers 1445:1451 the numbers 1441:1451 the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes 1441:1575 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 2 162 theme different 465:473 arg1 strains 475:481 different strains 465:481 different strains 465:481 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 3 163 theme HA 647:648 arg1 regions 655:661 highly conserved HA stem regions 630:661 highly conserved HA stem regions 630:661 Targeting highly conserved HA stem regions has been proposed as a useful strategy for designing universal influenza vaccines. 27440889 8 164 from improvement 1658:1668 arg1 protection 1677:1686 the protection 1673:1686 the protection against homologous virus challenges 1673:1722 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 2 165 theme N-linked 396:403 arg1 sites 419:423 N-linked glycosylation sites 396:423 N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head 396:444 While N-linked glycosylation sites on the globular head are variable among different strains and different subtypes, N-linked glycosylation sites in the stem region are mostly well conserved among various influenza virus strains. 27440889 0 166 theme Glycosylation 69:81 arg1 Proteins 122:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins 92:129 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 0 166 theme Glycosylation 69:81 arg1 Sites 83:87 N-Linked Glycosylation Sites 60:87 N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design 60:148 Unmasking Stem-Specific Neutralizing Epitopes by Abolishing N-Linked Glycosylation Sites of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Proteins for Vaccine Design. 27440889 1 167 theme disulfide 296:304 arg1 bonds 306:310 six disulfide bonds 292:310 six disulfide bonds 292:310 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 7 168 theme center 1491:1496 arg1 cells 1500:1504 germinal center B cells 1482:1504 germinal center B cells 1482:1504 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 5 169 theme Unmasking 995:1003 arg1 N-glycans 1005:1013 Unmasking N-glycans 995:1013 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) 995:1060 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 4 170 theme full 818:821 arg1 part 827:830 a full HA2 part 816:830 a full HA2 part 816:830 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 8 171 theme stem 1596:1599 arg1 N-glycans 1601:1609 the HA2 stem N-glycans 1588:1609 the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins 1588:1633 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 27440889 5 172 theme antibody 1107:1114 arg1 titers 1116:1121 more potent neutralizing antibody titers 1082:1121 more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses 1082:1182 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 13 173 dep CR6261-like/FI6v3-like 2548:2569 arg1 antibodies 2593:2602 antibodies 2593:2602 antibodies 2593:2602 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 13 174 theme H5N1 2445:2448 arg1 protein 2466:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein 2441:2472 However, only immunization with the H5N1 HA2 stem mutant protein can refocus B antibody responses to the helix A epitope for inducing more CR6261-like/FI6v3-like and fusion inhibition antibodies in antisera, resulting in a significant improvement for the protection against lethal H5N1 virus challenges. 27440889 1 175 theme globular 230:237 arg1 region 244:249 a globular head region 228:249 a globular head region 228:249 Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein consists of two components, i.e., a globular head region and a stem region that are folded within six disulfide bonds, plus several N-linked glycans that produce a homotrimeric complex structure. 27440889 7 176 theme antibody-secreting 1456:1473 arg1 cells 1475:1479 antibody-secreting cells 1456:1479 antibody-secreting cells 1456:1479 Only H5 N484A HA2 stem mutant protein immunization increased the numbers of antibody-secreting cells, germinal center B cells, and memory B cells targeting the stem helix A epitopes in splenocytes. 27440889 5 177 dep region 1031:1036 arg1 N503A 1055:1059 H1 N503A 1052:1059 H1 N503A 1052:1059 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 5 177 dep region 1031:1036 arg1 N484A 1042:1046 H5 N484A 1039:1046 H5 N484A 1039:1046 Unmasking N-glycans in the HA2 stem region (H5 N484A and H1 N503A) was found to elicit more potent neutralizing antibody titers against homologous, heterologous, and heterosubtypic viruses. 27440889 4 178 theme N-terminal 796:805 arg1 part 807:810 an HA1 N-terminal part 789:810 an HA1 N-terminal part 789:810 Since the HA stem region is constituted by an HA1 N-terminal part and a full HA2 part, we expressed a series of recombinant HA mutant proteins with deleted N-linked glycosylation sites in the HA1 stem and HA2 stem regions of H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses. 27440889 8 179 theme mutant 1619:1624 arg1 proteins 1626:1633 H5HA mutant proteins 1614:1633 H5HA mutant proteins 1614:1633 Unmasking the HA2 stem N-glycans of H5HA mutant proteins showed a significantly improvement in the protection against homologous virus challenges but did so to a less degree for the protection against heterosubtypic pH1N1 virus challenges. 28165356 2 0 theme defense 487:493 arg1 trafficking 438:448 trafficking 438:448 trafficking 438:448 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 0 theme defense 487:493 arg1 folding 429:435 folding 429:435 folding 429:435 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 0 theme defense 487:493 arg1 initiation 451:460 initiation 451:460 initiation of inflammation and host defense 451:493 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 0 theme defense 487:493 arg1 disorders 518:526 congenital disorders 507:526 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 507:549 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 7 1 theme native 1210:1215 arg1 preparations 1217:1228 the two native preparations 1202:1228 the two native preparations 1202:1228 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 4 2 theme monosaccharide 856:869 arg1 mass 823:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 4 2 theme monosaccharide 856:869 arg1 carbohydrate 905:916 (iii) percent carbohydrate 891:916 (iii) percent carbohydrate 891:916 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 4 2 theme monosaccharide 856:869 arg1 fraction 839:846 mass fraction 834:846 (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate 829:884 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 6 3 theme p 1184:1184 arg1 acid 1178:1181 sialic acid 1171:1181 sialic acid (p < 0.01) 1171:1192 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 3 theme p 1184:1184 arg1 < 1186:1186 p < 0.01 1184:1191 p < 0.01 1184:1191 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 3 4 with comparison 678:687 arg1 preparations 712:723 three recombinant preparations 694:723 three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical 694:764 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 7 5 theme acid 1337:1340 arg1 contents 1342:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 2 6 theme host 482:485 arg1 defense 487:493 host defense 482:493 host defense 482:493 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 0 7 from Analysis 17:24 arg1 Protein 111:117 a Poly-Glycosylated Protein 91:117 a Poly-Glycosylated Protein 91:117 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 6 8 theme fewer 1130:1134 arg1 moles 1136:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles 1122:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01) 1122:1192 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 4 9 theme mass 834:837 arg1 fraction 839:846 mass fraction 834:846 (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate 829:884 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 4 10 theme sulfate 878:884 arg1 mass 823:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 4 10 theme sulfate 878:884 arg1 carbohydrate 905:916 (iii) percent carbohydrate 891:916 (iii) percent carbohydrate 891:916 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 4 10 theme sulfate 878:884 arg1 fraction 839:846 mass fraction 834:846 (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate 829:884 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 0 11 theme Human 120:124 arg1 Thyrotropin 126:136 Human Thyrotropin 120:136 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 0:158 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 5 12 theme 34 1014:1015 arg1 % 1016:1016 % 1016:1016 % 1016:1016 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 8 13 theme native 1501:1506 arg1 equivalent 1508:1517 its native equivalent 1497:1517 its native equivalent 1497:1517 The methodology described, comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein. 28165356 4 14 theme average 806:812 arg1 mass 823:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 2 15 gly glycoprotein 369:380 arg1 glycoprotein 369:380 glycoprotein characterization 369:397 glycoprotein characterization 369:397 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 8 16 theme recombinant 1464:1474 arg1 biopharmaceutical 1476:1492 a recombinant biopharmaceutical 1462:1492 a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent 1462:1517 The methodology described, comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein. 28165356 2 17 theme congenital 507:516 arg1 disorders 518:526 congenital disorders 507:526 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 507:549 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 7 18 theme sulfate 1313:1319 arg1 contents 1342:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 1 19 gly glycoprotein 190:201 arg1 glycoprotein 190:201 a glycoprotein 188:201 a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 188:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 19 gly glycoprotein 190:201 arg1 thyrotropin 166:176 Human thyrotropin 160:176 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) 160:183 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 6 20 contain contains 1113:1120 arg2 moles 1136:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles 1122:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01) 1122:1192 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 20 contain contains 1113:1120 arg1 mass 1073:1076 The average glycan mass 1054:1076 The average glycan mass 1054:1076 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 20 contain contains 1113:1120 arg1 lower 1085:1089 lower 1085:1089 lower 1085:1089 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 7 21 theme sialic 1330:1335 arg1 acid 1337:1340 sialic acid 1330:1340 sialic acid 1330:1340 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 4 22 theme percent 897:903 arg1 carbohydrate 905:916 (iii) percent carbohydrate 891:916 (iii) percent carbohydrate 891:916 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 3 23 theme hTSH 728:731 arg1 preparations 712:723 three recombinant preparations 694:723 three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical 694:764 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 4 24 theme single 769:774 arg1 methodology 776:786 A single methodology 767:786 A single methodology 767:786 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 6 25 theme glycan 1066:1071 arg1 mass 1073:1076 The average glycan mass 1054:1076 The average glycan mass 1054:1076 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 25 theme glycan 1066:1071 arg1 lower 1085:1089 lower 1085:1089 lower 1085:1089 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 26 theme sialic 1171:1176 arg1 acid 1178:1181 sialic acid 1171:1181 sialic acid (p < 0.01) 1171:1192 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 26 theme sialic 1171:1176 arg1 < 1186:1186 p < 0.01 1184:1191 p < 0.01 1184:1191 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 3 27 theme recombinant 700:710 arg1 preparations 712:723 three recombinant preparations 694:723 three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical 694:764 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 4 28 theme N-glycan 814:821 arg1 mass 823:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 average N-glycan mass 806:826 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 2 29 used occupied 319:326 arg2 sites 298:302 These sites 292:302 These sites 292:302 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 7 30 theme preparations 1217:1228 arg1 preparations 1217:1228 the two native preparations 1202:1228 the two native preparations 1202:1228 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 7 30 theme preparations 1217:1228 arg1 One 1195:1197 One 1195:1197 One 1195:1197 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 7 31 theme lowest 1284:1289 arg1 occupancy 1291:1299 the lowest occupancy 1280:1299 the lowest occupancy 1280:1299 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 6 32 theme acid 1178:1181 arg1 moles 1136:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles 1122:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01) 1122:1192 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 0 33 theme Poly-Glycosylated 93:109 arg1 Protein 111:117 a Poly-Glycosylated Protein 91:117 a Poly-Glycosylated Protein 91:117 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 5 34 theme recombinant 1032:1042 arg1 hormones 1044:1051 recombinant hormones 1032:1051 recombinant hormones 1032:1051 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 8 35 theme relevant 1570:1577 arg1 glycoprotein 1579:1590 any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein 1538:1590 any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein 1538:1590 The methodology described, comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein. 28165356 7 36 theme glycan 1254:1259 arg1 mass 1261:1264 the smallest glycan mass 1241:1264 the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy 1241:1299 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 0 37 theme N-Glycoprofiling 0:15 arg1 Analysis 17:24 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis 0:24 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 0:158 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 6 38 theme average 1058:1064 arg1 mass 1073:1076 The average glycan mass 1054:1076 The average glycan mass 1054:1076 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 38 theme average 1058:1064 arg1 lower 1085:1089 lower 1085:1089 lower 1085:1089 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 1 39 gly glycosylation 224:236 arg2 sites 238:242 three potential glycosylation sites 208:242 three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 208:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 39 gly glycosylation 224:236 arg2 one 270:272 one 270:272 one 270:272 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 39 gly glycosylation 224:236 arg2 three 208:212 three 208:212 three 208:212 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 39 gly glycosylation 224:236 arg2 two 245:247 two 245:247 two 245:247 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 0 40 theme Carbohydrate 30:41 arg1 Composition 43:53 Carbohydrate Composition 30:53 Carbohydrate Composition 30:53 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 3 41 theme used 743:746 arg1 biopharmaceutical 748:764 a widely used biopharmaceutical 734:764 a widely used biopharmaceutical 734:764 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 3 41 theme used 743:746 arg1 hTSH 728:731 hTSH 728:731 hTSH 728:731 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 0 42 theme Origins 151:157 arg1 Thyrotropin 126:136 Human Thyrotropin 120:136 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 0:158 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 4 43 dep carbohydrate 905:916 arg1 iii 892:894 iii 892:894 iii 892:894 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 0 44 theme Different 141:149 arg1 Origins 151:157 Different Origins 141:157 Different Origins 141:157 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 5 45 theme % 962:962 arg1 % 966:966 65%-87% 960:966 65%-87% 960:966 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 5 45 theme % 962:962 arg1 occupancy 949:957 the occupancy 945:957 the occupancy (65%-87%) 945:967 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 1 46 theme potential 214:222 arg1 one 270:272 one 270:272 one 270:272 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 46 theme potential 214:222 arg1 two 245:247 two 245:247 two 245:247 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 46 theme potential 214:222 arg1 sites 238:242 three potential glycosylation sites 208:242 three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 208:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 4 47 dep fraction 839:846 arg1 ii 830:831 ii 830:831 ii 830:831 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 7 48 theme circulatory 1402:1412 arg1 half-life 1414:1422 circulatory half-life 1402:1422 circulatory half-life 1402:1422 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 2 49 theme glycosylation 531:543 arg1 trafficking 438:448 trafficking 438:448 trafficking 438:448 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 49 theme glycosylation 531:543 arg1 folding 429:435 folding 429:435 folding 429:435 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 49 theme glycosylation 531:543 arg1 initiation 451:460 initiation 451:460 initiation of inflammation and host defense 451:493 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 49 theme glycosylation 531:543 arg1 disorders 518:526 congenital disorders 507:526 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 507:549 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 7 50 theme Gal 1322:1324 arg1 contents 1342:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 3 51 theme N-glycoprofiling 571:586 arg1 analysis 588:595 N-glycoprofiling analysis 571:595 N-glycoprofiling analysis 571:595 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 1 52 theme glycosylation 224:236 arg1 one 270:272 one 270:272 one 270:272 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 52 theme glycosylation 224:236 arg1 two 245:247 two 245:247 two 245:247 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 52 theme glycosylation 224:236 arg1 sites 238:242 three potential glycosylation sites 208:242 three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 208:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 2 53 theme inflammation 465:476 arg1 trafficking 438:448 trafficking 438:448 trafficking 438:448 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 53 theme inflammation 465:476 arg1 folding 429:435 folding 429:435 folding 429:435 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 53 theme inflammation 465:476 arg1 initiation 451:460 initiation 451:460 initiation of inflammation and host defense 451:493 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 2 53 theme inflammation 465:476 arg1 disorders 518:526 congenital disorders 507:526 congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) 507:549 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 3 54 theme site-occupancy 616:629 arg1 determination 631:643 the site-occupancy determination 612:643 the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH 612:672 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 4 55 dep mass 823:826 arg1 the 797:799 the 797:799 the 797:799 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 4 55 dep mass 823:826 arg1 i 803:803 i 803:803 i 803:803 A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. 28165356 7 56 theme in 1378:1379 arg1 bioactivity 1386:1396 in vivo bioactivity 1378:1396 in vivo bioactivity 1378:1396 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 5 57 theme -57 1017:1019 arg1 % 1016:1016 % 1016:1016 % 1016:1016 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 1 58 with glycoprotein 190:201 arg1 one 270:272 one 270:272 one 270:272 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 58 with glycoprotein 190:201 arg1 two 245:247 two 245:247 two 245:247 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 58 with glycoprotein 190:201 arg1 sites 238:242 three potential glycosylation sites 208:242 three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 208:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 5 59 theme % 994:994 arg1 % 998:998 12%-19% 992:998 12%-19% 992:998 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 5 59 theme % 994:994 arg1 mass 986:989 carbohydrate mass 973:989 carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) 973:999 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 3 60 theme first 560:564 arg1 time 566:569 the first time 556:569 the first time 556:569 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 5 61 dep % 1016:1016 arg1 to 1011:1012 to 1011:1012 to 1011:1012 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 0 62 theme Site-Occupancy 59:72 arg1 Determination 74:86 Site-Occupancy Determination 59:86 Site-Occupancy Determination 59:86 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 7 63 theme lowest 1371:1376 arg1 bioactivity 1386:1396 in vivo bioactivity 1378:1396 in vivo bioactivity 1378:1396 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 1 64 from one 270:272 arg1 β-subunit 281:289 the β-subunit 277:289 the β-subunit 277:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 3 65 theme hTSH 669:672 arg1 determination 631:643 the site-occupancy determination 612:643 the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH 612:672 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 7 66 contain had 1237:1239 arg1 preparations 1217:1228 the two native preparations 1202:1228 the two native preparations 1202:1228 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 7 66 contain had 1237:1239 arg1 One 1195:1197 One 1195:1197 One 1195:1197 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 7 66 contain had 1237:1239 arg2 contents 1342:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 7 66 contain had 1237:1239 arg2 mass 1261:1264 the smallest glycan mass 1241:1264 the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy 1241:1299 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 5 67 theme carbohydrate 973:984 arg1 % 998:998 12%-19% 992:998 12%-19% 992:998 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 5 67 theme carbohydrate 973:984 arg1 mass 986:989 carbohydrate mass 973:989 carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) 973:999 The results indicate that the occupancy (65%-87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%-19%) can be up to 34%-57% higher in recombinant hormones. 28165356 6 68 theme galactose 1145:1153 arg1 moles 1136:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles 1122:1140 ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01) 1122:1192 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 7 69 theme GalNAc 1305:1310 arg1 contents 1342:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents 1305:1349 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 6 70 theme pituitary 1094:1102 arg1 hTSH 1104:1107 pituitary hTSH 1094:1107 pituitary hTSH 1094:1107 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 1 71 from two 245:247 arg1 α-subunit 256:264 the α-subunit 252:264 the α-subunit 252:264 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 3 72 theme native 652:657 arg1 hTSH 669:672 two native pituitary hTSH 648:672 two native pituitary hTSH 648:672 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 1 73 dep sites 238:242 arg1 one 270:272 one 270:272 one 270:272 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 73 dep sites 238:242 arg1 two 245:247 two 245:247 two 245:247 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 73 dep sites 238:242 arg1 sites 238:242 three potential glycosylation sites 208:242 three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 208:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 8 74 gly glycoprotein 1579:1590 arg1 glycoprotein 1579:1590 any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein 1538:1590 any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein 1538:1590 The methodology described, comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein. 28165356 1 75 theme Human 160:164 arg1 glycoprotein 190:201 a glycoprotein 188:201 a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit 188:289 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 75 theme Human 160:164 arg1 hTSH 179:182 hTSH 179:182 hTSH 179:182 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 1 75 theme Human 160:164 arg1 thyrotropin 166:176 Human thyrotropin 160:176 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) 160:183 Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. 28165356 7 76 theme smallest 1245:1252 arg1 mass 1261:1264 the smallest glycan mass 1241:1264 the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy 1241:1299 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 3 77 theme pituitary 659:667 arg1 hTSH 669:672 two native pituitary hTSH 648:672 two native pituitary hTSH 648:672 For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. 28165356 0 78 dep Analysis 17:24 arg1 Thyrotropin 126:136 Human Thyrotropin 120:136 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 0:158 N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. 28165356 2 79 theme glycoprotein 369:380 arg1 characterization 382:397 glycoprotein characterization 369:397 glycoprotein characterization 369:397 These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). 28165356 7 80 dep in 1378:1379 arg1 vivo 1381:1384 vivo 1381:1384 vivo 1381:1384 One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. 28165356 6 81 theme p 1156:1156 arg1 galactose 1145:1153 galactose 1145:1153 galactose (p < 0.005) 1145:1165 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 28165356 6 81 theme p 1156:1156 arg1 < 1158:1158 p < 0.005 1156:1164 p < 0.005 1156:1164 The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). 29108953 5 0 theme Mn2+ 755:758 arg1 addition 743:750 The addition 739:750 The addition of Mn2+ 739:758 The addition of Mn2+ confirmed the rescue of these defects. 29108953 0 1 from function 18:25 arg1 glycosylation 51:63 yeast Golgi glycosylation 39:63 yeast Golgi glycosylation 39:63 Investigating the function of Gdt1p in yeast Golgi glycosylation. 29108953 7 2 theme mutants 961:967 arg1 use 948:950 The use 944:950 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both 944:1019 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 4 3 theme α-1,2 679:683 arg1 substitution 694:705 substitution 694:705 substitution 694:705 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 3 theme α-1,2 679:683 arg1 termination 726:736 α-1,3 mannoses termination 711:736 α-1,3 mannoses termination 711:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 3 theme α-1,2 679:683 arg1 mannoses 685:692 α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 679:736 α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 679:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 9 4 theme functional 1374:1383 arg1 link 1385:1388 the functional link 1370:1388 the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p 1370:1412 Our results also reinforce the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p as we highlighted that Gdt1p was a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p. 29108953 4 5 theme gdt1Δ 507:511 arg1 mutant 513:518 the gdt1Δ mutant 503:518 the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 503:612 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 6 6 theme structural 818:827 arg1 data 829:832 our structural data 814:832 our structural data 814:832 Interestingly, our structural data confirmed that the glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ could also completely be suppressed by the addition of Ca2+. 29108953 2 7 theme Protein 287:293 arg1 UPF0016 303:309 UPF0016 303:309 UPF0016 303:309 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 2 7 theme Protein 287:293 arg1 Family 295:300 the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family 257:300 the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016) 257:310 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 4 8 dep mannoses 685:692 arg1 substitution 694:705 substitution 694:705 substitution 694:705 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 8 dep mannoses 685:692 arg1 termination 726:736 α-1,3 mannoses termination 711:736 α-1,3 mannoses termination 711:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 8 dep mannoses 685:692 arg1 mannoses 685:692 α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 679:736 α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 679:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 7 9 from suppression 1039:1049 arg1 strains 1097:1103 pmr1Δ strains 1091:1103 pmr1Δ strains 1091:1103 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 10 10 theme crucial 1722:1728 arg1 role 1730:1733 a crucial role 1720:1733 a crucial role 1720:1733 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 11 theme Golgi 1738:1742 arg1 glycosylation 1744:1756 Golgi glycosylation 1738:1756 Golgi glycosylation 1738:1756 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 7 12 theme pmr1Δ 1091:1095 arg1 strains 1097:1103 pmr1Δ strains 1091:1103 pmr1Δ strains 1091:1103 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 2 13 theme Uncharacterized 271:285 arg1 UPF0016 303:309 UPF0016 303:309 UPF0016 303:309 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 2 13 theme Uncharacterized 271:285 arg1 Family 295:300 the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family 257:300 the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016) 257:310 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 10 14 theme motifs 1639:1644 arg1 motifs 1639:1644 the two conserved motifs 1621:1644 the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR] 1621:1657 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 14 theme motifs 1639:1644 arg1 residues 1609:1616 the aspartic residues 1596:1616 the aspartic residues 1596:1616 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 7 15 theme Gdt1p 1161:1165 arg1 activity 1149:1156 the activity 1145:1156 the activity of Gdt1p 1145:1165 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 4 16 theme chains 463:468 arg1 analysis 436:443 NMR structural analysis 421:443 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts 421:489 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 7 17 theme glycosylation 1067:1079 arg1 defect 1081:1086 the observed glycosylation defect 1054:1086 the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains 1054:1103 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 8 18 theme glycosylation 1244:1256 arg1 process 1258:1264 the Golgi glycosylation process 1234:1264 the Golgi glycosylation process 1234:1264 These data support the hypothesis that Gdt1p, in order to sustain the Golgi glycosylation process, imports Mn2+ inside the Golgi lumen when Pmr1p exclusively transports Ca2+. 29108953 2 19 theme conserved 261:269 arg1 UPF0016 303:309 UPF0016 303:309 UPF0016 303:309 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 2 19 theme conserved 261:269 arg1 Family 295:300 the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family 257:300 the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016) 257:310 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 4 20 theme glycosylation 642:654 arg1 defects 656:662 strong late Golgi glycosylation defects 624:662 strong late Golgi glycosylation defects 624:662 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 7 21 theme intraluminal 1112:1123 arg1 Ca2+ 1131:1134 the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ 1108:1134 the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ 1108:1134 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 7 22 theme Golgi 1125:1129 arg1 Ca2+ 1131:1134 the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ 1108:1134 the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ 1108:1134 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 1 23 theme Golgi 70:74 arg1 homeostasis 80:90 The Golgi ion homeostasis 66:90 The Golgi ion homeostasis 66:90 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 4 24 theme Golgi 636:640 arg1 defects 656:662 strong late Golgi glycosylation defects 624:662 strong late Golgi glycosylation defects 624:662 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 5 25 theme defects 790:796 arg1 rescue 774:779 the rescue 770:779 the rescue of these defects 770:796 The addition of Mn2+ confirmed the rescue of these defects. 29108953 7 26 from defect 1081:1086 arg1 strains 1097:1103 pmr1Δ strains 1091:1103 pmr1Δ strains 1091:1103 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 1 27 theme ion 76:78 arg1 homeostasis 80:90 The Golgi ion homeostasis 66:90 The Golgi ion homeostasis 66:90 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 9 28 theme Mn2+ 1449:1452 arg1 protein 1464:1470 a Mn2+ sensitive protein 1447:1470 a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p 1447:1555 Our results also reinforce the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p as we highlighted that Gdt1p was a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p. 29108953 9 28 theme Mn2+ 1449:1452 arg1 Gdt1p 1437:1441 Gdt1p 1437:1441 Gdt1p 1437:1441 Our results also reinforce the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p as we highlighted that Gdt1p was a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p. 29108953 4 29 theme high 544:547 arg1 concentration 554:566 high Ca2+ concentration 544:566 high Ca2+ concentration 544:566 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 7 30 theme observed 1058:1065 arg1 defect 1081:1086 the observed glycosylation defect 1054:1086 the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains 1054:1103 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 4 31 theme mannoses 717:724 arg1 termination 726:736 α-1,3 mannoses termination 711:736 α-1,3 mannoses termination 711:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 31 theme mannoses 717:724 arg1 mannoses 685:692 α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 679:736 α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 679:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 6 32 from defect 867:872 arg1 pmr1Δ 877:881 pmr1Δ 877:881 pmr1Δ 877:881 Interestingly, our structural data confirmed that the glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ could also completely be suppressed by the addition of Ca2+. 29108953 9 33 theme ion 1532:1534 arg1 nature 1518:1523 the nature 1514:1523 the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p 1514:1555 Our results also reinforce the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p as we highlighted that Gdt1p was a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p. 29108953 10 34 theme conserved 1629:1637 arg1 motifs 1639:1644 the two conserved motifs 1621:1644 the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR] 1621:1657 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 35 dep motifs 1639:1644 arg1 E-x-G-D-[KR 1646:1656 E-x-G-D-[KR 1646:1656 E-x-G-D-[KR 1646:1656 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 4 36 theme concentration 554:566 arg1 presence 532:539 presence 532:539 presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 532:612 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 10 37 theme cation 1684:1689 arg1 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 37 theme cation 1684:1689 arg1 sites 1699:1703 the cation binding sites 1680:1703 the cation binding sites of Gdt1p 1680:1712 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 2 38 theme Family 295:300 arg1 Gdt1p 236:240 Gdt1p 236:240 Gdt1p 236:240 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 2 38 theme Family 295:300 arg1 member 247:252 a member 245:252 a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016) 245:310 Gdt1p is a member of the conserved Uncharacterized Protein Family (UPF0016). 29108953 4 39 theme strains 606:612 arg1 presence 532:539 presence 532:539 presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 532:612 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 3 40 theme Golgi 392:396 arg1 homeostasis 408:418 Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis 392:418 Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis 392:418 Our previous work suggested that Gdt1p may function in the Golgi by regulating Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis. 29108953 4 41 theme Ca2+ 549:552 arg1 concentration 554:566 high Ca2+ concentration 544:566 high Ca2+ concentration 544:566 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 6 42 theme glycosylation 853:865 arg1 defect 867:872 the glycosylation defect 849:872 the glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ 849:881 Interestingly, our structural data confirmed that the glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ could also completely be suppressed by the addition of Ca2+. 29108953 4 43 theme strong 624:629 arg1 defects 656:662 strong late Golgi glycosylation defects 624:662 strong late Golgi glycosylation defects 624:662 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 8 44 theme Golgi 1238:1242 arg1 process 1258:1264 the Golgi glycosylation process 1234:1264 the Golgi glycosylation process 1234:1264 These data support the hypothesis that Gdt1p, in order to sustain the Golgi glycosylation process, imports Mn2+ inside the Golgi lumen when Pmr1p exclusively transports Ca2+. 29108953 0 45 theme Gdt1p 30:34 arg1 function 18:25 the function 14:25 the function of Gdt1p in yeast Golgi glycosylation 14:63 Investigating the function of Gdt1p in yeast Golgi glycosylation. 29108953 6 46 theme Ca2+ 938:941 arg1 addition 926:933 the addition 922:933 the addition of Ca2+ 922:941 Interestingly, our structural data confirmed that the glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ could also completely be suppressed by the addition of Ca2+. 29108953 3 47 theme Ca2+/Mn2+ 398:406 arg1 homeostasis 408:418 Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis 392:418 Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis 392:418 Our previous work suggested that Gdt1p may function in the Golgi by regulating Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis. 29108953 4 48 theme polymannan 452:461 arg1 chains 463:468 the polymannan chains 448:468 the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts 448:489 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 49 dep strong 624:629 arg1 late 631:634 late 631:634 late 631:634 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 1 50 theme regulation 205:214 arg1 understanding 183:195 our understanding 179:195 our understanding of this regulation 179:214 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 0 51 theme Golgi 45:49 arg1 glycosylation 51:63 yeast Golgi glycosylation 39:63 yeast Golgi glycosylation 39:63 Investigating the function of Gdt1p in yeast Golgi glycosylation. 29108953 7 52 theme Mn2+ 998:1001 arg1 transport 1003:1011 Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport 990:1011 Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport 990:1011 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 0 53 theme yeast 39:43 arg1 glycosylation 51:63 yeast Golgi glycosylation 39:63 yeast Golgi glycosylation 39:63 Investigating the function of Gdt1p in yeast Golgi glycosylation. 29108953 7 54 from strains 1097:1103 arg1 suppression 1039:1049 the suppression 1035:1049 the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ 1035:1134 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 7 55 theme defect 1081:1086 arg1 suppression 1039:1049 the suppression 1035:1049 the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ 1035:1134 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 4 56 theme mannoses 685:692 arg1 lack 671:674 a lack 669:674 a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination 669:736 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 8 57 dep imports 1267:1273 arg1 sustain 1226:1232 sustain 1226:1232 to sustain the Golgi glycosylation process 1223:1264 These data support the hypothesis that Gdt1p, in order to sustain the Golgi glycosylation process, imports Mn2+ inside the Golgi lumen when Pmr1p exclusively transports Ca2+. 29108953 7 58 theme Ca2+ 990:993 arg1 transport 1003:1011 Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport 990:1011 Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport 990:1011 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 9 59 theme sensitive 1454:1462 arg1 protein 1464:1470 a Mn2+ sensitive protein 1447:1470 a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p 1447:1555 Our results also reinforce the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p as we highlighted that Gdt1p was a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p. 29108953 9 59 theme sensitive 1454:1462 arg1 Gdt1p 1437:1441 Gdt1p 1437:1441 Gdt1p 1437:1441 Our results also reinforce the functional link between Gdt1p and Pmr1p as we highlighted that Gdt1p was a Mn2+ sensitive protein whose abundance was directly dependent on the nature of the ion transported by Pmr1p. 29108953 4 60 theme pmr1Δ 584:588 arg1 strains 606:612 the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 580:612 the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 580:612 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 10 61 theme binding 1691:1697 arg1 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 61 theme binding 1691:1697 arg1 sites 1699:1703 the cation binding sites 1680:1703 the cation binding sites of Gdt1p 1680:1712 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 4 62 theme structural 425:434 arg1 analysis 436:443 NMR structural analysis 421:443 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts 421:489 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 10 63 theme Gdt1p 1708:1712 arg1 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Gdt1p 1708:1712 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 63 theme Gdt1p 1708:1712 arg1 sites 1699:1703 the cation binding sites 1680:1703 the cation binding sites of Gdt1p 1680:1712 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 1 64 theme essential 123:131 arg1 processes 142:150 essential cellular processes 123:150 essential cellular processes such as glycosylation 123:172 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 1 64 theme essential 123:131 arg1 glycosylation 160:172 glycosylation 160:172 glycosylation 160:172 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 8 65 theme Golgi 1291:1295 arg1 lumen 1297:1301 the Golgi lumen 1287:1301 the Golgi lumen 1287:1301 These data support the hypothesis that Gdt1p, in order to sustain the Golgi glycosylation process, imports Mn2+ inside the Golgi lumen when Pmr1p exclusively transports Ca2+. 29108953 3 66 theme previous 317:324 arg1 work 326:329 Our previous work 313:329 Our previous work 313:329 Our previous work suggested that Gdt1p may function in the Golgi by regulating Golgi Ca2+/Mn2+ homeostasis. 29108953 4 67 theme NMR 421:423 arg1 analysis 436:443 NMR structural analysis 421:443 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts 421:489 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 7 68 theme defective 976:984 arg1 mutants 961:967 Pmr1p mutants 955:967 Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both 955:1019 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 1 69 theme cellular 133:140 arg1 processes 142:150 essential cellular processes 123:150 essential cellular processes such as glycosylation 123:172 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 1 69 theme cellular 133:140 arg1 glycosylation 160:172 glycosylation 160:172 glycosylation 160:172 The Golgi ion homeostasis is tightly regulated to ensure essential cellular processes such as glycosylation, yet our understanding of this regulation remains incomplete. 29108953 10 70 theme aspartic 1600:1607 arg1 motifs 1639:1644 the two conserved motifs 1621:1644 the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR] 1621:1657 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 10 70 theme aspartic 1600:1607 arg1 residues 1609:1616 the aspartic residues 1596:1616 the aspartic residues 1596:1616 Finally, this study demonstrated that the aspartic residues of the two conserved motifs E-x-G-D-[KR], likely constituting the cation binding sites of Gdt1p, play a crucial role in Golgi glycosylation and hence in Mn2+/Ca2+transport. 29108953 4 71 theme gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ 594:604 arg1 strains 606:612 the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 580:612 the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains 580:612 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 7 72 theme Pmr1p 955:959 arg1 mutants 961:967 Pmr1p mutants 955:967 Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both 955:1019 The use of Pmr1p mutants either defective for Ca2+ or Mn2+ transport or both revealed that the suppression of the observed glycosylation defect in pmr1Δ strains by the intraluminal Golgi Ca2+ requires the activity of Gdt1p. 29108953 4 73 attach isolated 470:477 arg2 chains 463:468 the polymannan chains 448:468 the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts 448:489 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 29108953 4 73 attach isolated 470:477 arg1 yeasts 484:489 yeasts 484:489 yeasts 484:489 NMR structural analysis of the polymannan chains isolated from yeasts showed that the gdt1Δ mutant cultured in presence of high Ca2+ concentration, as well as the pmr1Δ and gdt1Δ/pmr1Δ strains presented strong late Golgi glycosylation defects with a lack of α-1,2 mannoses substitution and α-1,3 mannoses termination. 27716795 9 0 theme gp120 1874:1878 arg1 gp120 1874:1878 gp120 1874:1878 gp120 1874:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 9 0 theme gp120 1874:1878 arg1 domains 1863:1869 the variable domains 1850:1869 the variable domains of gp120 1850:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 2 1 from base 500:503 arg1 linkages 484:491 the disulfide linkages 470:491 the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 470:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 1 2 theme HIV-1 206:210 arg1 adaptation 192:201 a key adaptation 186:201 a key adaptation of HIV-1 186:210 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 2 theme HIV-1 206:210 arg1 glycosylation 123:135 Heavy glycosylation 117:135 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, 117:181 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 2 3 theme variable 528:535 arg1 domains 537:543 the surface-exposed variable domains 508:543 the surface-exposed variable domains 508:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 10 4 theme relevant 2066:2073 arg1 conformations 2079:2091 the most relevant Env conformations 2057:2091 the most relevant Env conformations 2057:2091 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 7 5 theme V1V2 1452:1455 arg1 region 1457:1462 the V1V2 region 1448:1462 the V1V2 region 1448:1462 Simulations performed in the context of the Env trimer also indicated that glycosylation reduces flexibility of the V1V2 region, and provided insight into glycan-glycan interactions in this region. 27716795 4 6 theme replica 770:776 arg1 MD 807:808 MD 807:808 MD 807:808 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 4 6 theme replica 770:776 arg1 dynamics 797:804 replica exchange molecular dynamics 770:804 replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) 770:809 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 10 7 theme immune 2106:2111 arg1 response 2113:2120 the immune response 2102:2120 the immune response 2102:2120 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 3 8 theme antigenic 634:642 arg1 fragment 652:659 an antigenic peptide fragment 631:659 an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 631:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 1 9 from effects 234:240 arg1 conformation 275:286 conformation 275:286 conformation 275:286 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 9 from effects 234:240 arg1 folding 266:272 folding 266:272 folding 266:272 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 9 from effects 234:240 arg1 dynamics 292:299 dynamics 292:299 dynamics 292:299 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 10 theme Env 154:156 arg1 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 10 theme Env 154:156 arg1 subunit 167:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 4 11 theme molecular 787:795 arg1 MD 807:808 MD 807:808 MD 807:808 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 4 11 theme molecular 787:795 arg1 dynamics 797:804 replica exchange molecular dynamics 770:804 replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) 770:809 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 7 12 theme trimer 1384:1389 arg1 context 1365:1371 the context 1361:1371 the context of the Env trimer 1361:1389 Simulations performed in the context of the Env trimer also indicated that glycosylation reduces flexibility of the V1V2 region, and provided insight into glycan-glycan interactions in this region. 27716795 3 13 theme bridge-bounded 678:691 arg1 region 693:698 a disulfide bridge-bounded region 666:698 a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 666:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 6 14 theme construct 1214:1222 arg1 conformations 1184:1196 the pre-existing conformations 1167:1196 the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct 1167:1222 Glycosylation stabilized the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct, reduced its propensity to adopt other secondary structures, and provided resistance against thermal unfolding. 27716795 1 15 theme surface 159:165 arg1 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 15 theme surface 159:165 arg1 subunit 167:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 10 16 theme neutralizing 2129:2140 arg1 epitopes 2142:2149 key neutralizing epitopes 2125:2149 key neutralizing epitopes 2125:2149 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 0 17 theme gp120 102:106 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 8 18 theme beta-strands 1719:1730 arg1 formation 1706:1714 the formation 1702:1714 the formation of beta-strands 1702:1730 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 2 19 theme disulfide 474:482 arg1 linkages 484:491 the disulfide linkages 470:491 the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 470:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 6 20 theme peptide 1206:1212 arg1 construct 1214:1222 this peptide construct 1201:1222 this peptide construct 1201:1222 Glycosylation stabilized the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct, reduced its propensity to adopt other secondary structures, and provided resistance against thermal unfolding. 27716795 3 21 theme V1 713:714 arg1 domains 738:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains 709:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 709:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 3 21 theme V1 713:714 arg1 gp120 755:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 2 22 from enrichment 424:433 arg1 sites 452:456 glycosylation sites 438:456 glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 438:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 1 23 gly glycosylation 123:135 arg1 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 23 gly glycosylation 123:135 arg1 subunit 167:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 6 24 theme pre-existing 1171:1182 arg1 conformations 1184:1196 the pre-existing conformations 1167:1196 the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct 1167:1222 Glycosylation stabilized the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct, reduced its propensity to adopt other secondary structures, and provided resistance against thermal unfolding. 27716795 10 25 theme glycopeptide 2004:2015 arg1 immunogens 2017:2026 glycopeptide immunogens 2004:2026 glycopeptide immunogens 2004:2026 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 6 26 theme secondary 1263:1271 arg1 structures 1273:1282 other secondary structures 1257:1282 other secondary structures 1257:1282 Glycosylation stabilized the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct, reduced its propensity to adopt other secondary structures, and provided resistance against thermal unfolding. 27716795 1 27 gly glycosylation 245:257 arg1 protein 309:315 this protein 304:315 this protein 304:315 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 28 theme Heavy 117:121 arg1 adaptation 192:201 a key adaptation 186:201 a key adaptation of HIV-1 186:210 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 28 theme Heavy 117:121 arg1 glycosylation 123:135 Heavy glycosylation 117:135 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, 117:181 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 9 29 theme regions 1968:1974 arg1 immunogenicity 1944:1957 the immunogenicity 1940:1957 the immunogenicity of those regions 1940:1974 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 3 30 theme V2 720:721 arg1 domains 738:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains 709:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 709:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 3 30 theme V2 720:721 arg1 gp120 755:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 0 31 theme Variable 64:71 arg1 Domain 73:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain 55:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 55:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 0 31 theme Variable 64:71 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 1 32 theme envelope 144:151 arg1 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 gp120 176:180 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 32 theme envelope 144:151 arg1 subunit 167:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 the envelope (Env) surface subunit 140:173 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 0 33 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Region 45:50 an Immunodominant Region 27:50 an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 27:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 3 34 theme HIV-1 749:753 arg1 gp120 755:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 0 35 from Region 45:50 arg1 Domain 73:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain 55:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 55:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 0 35 from Region 45:50 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 0 36 theme HIV-1 87:91 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 2 37 theme Env 378:380 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 372:400 HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 372:400 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 3 38 from influence 561:569 arg1 conformation 589:600 the conformation 585:600 the conformation 585:600 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 0 39 theme Glycosylation 10:22 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 0:115 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 1 40 theme precise 226:232 arg1 effects 234:240 the precise effects 222:240 the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein 222:315 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 9 41 theme linkage 1807:1813 arg1 glycosylation 1824:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation 1797:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 1797:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 2 42 theme glycosylation 388:400 arg1 patterns 360:367 the patterns 356:367 the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 356:400 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 3 43 theme glycans 574:580 arg1 influence 561:569 the influence 557:569 the influence of glycans on the conformation 557:600 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 4 44 used used 765:768 arg2 We 762:763 We 762:763 We 762:763 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 7 45 theme glycan-glycan 1491:1503 arg1 interactions 1505:1516 glycan-glycan interactions 1491:1516 glycan-glycan interactions 1491:1516 Simulations performed in the context of the Env trimer also indicated that glycosylation reduces flexibility of the V1V2 region, and provided insight into glycan-glycan interactions in this region. 27716795 8 46 theme disulfide 1633:1641 arg1 bond 1643:1646 a disulfide bond 1631:1646 a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157 1631:1683 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 10 47 gly glycopeptide 2004:2015 arg2 glycopeptide 2004:2015 glycopeptide immunogens 2004:2026 glycopeptide immunogens 2004:2026 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 9 48 theme variable 1854:1861 arg1 gp120 1874:1878 gp120 1874:1878 gp120 1874:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 9 48 theme variable 1854:1861 arg1 domains 1863:1869 the variable domains 1850:1869 the variable domains of gp120 1850:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 1 49 theme key 188:190 arg1 adaptation 192:201 a key adaptation 186:201 a key adaptation of HIV-1 186:210 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 49 theme key 188:190 arg1 glycosylation 123:135 Heavy glycosylation 117:135 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, 117:181 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 9 50 theme glycosylation 1824:1836 arg1 conservation 1781:1792 conservation 1781:1792 conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 1781:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 5 51 theme V1V2-targeted 1081:1093 arg1 antibodies 1116:1125 V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies 1081:1125 V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 1081:1139 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 6 52 theme other 1257:1261 arg1 structures 1273:1282 other secondary structures 1257:1282 other secondary structures 1257:1282 Glycosylation stabilized the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct, reduced its propensity to adopt other secondary structures, and provided resistance against thermal unfolding. 27716795 7 53 theme region 1457:1462 arg1 flexibility 1433:1443 flexibility 1433:1443 flexibility of the V1V2 region 1433:1462 Simulations performed in the context of the Env trimer also indicated that glycosylation reduces flexibility of the V1V2 region, and provided insight into glycan-glycan interactions in this region. 27716795 2 54 theme domains 537:543 arg1 base 500:503 the base 496:503 the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 496:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 10 55 theme Env 2075:2077 arg1 conformations 2079:2091 the most relevant Env conformations 2057:2091 the most relevant Env conformations 2057:2091 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 2 56 theme surface-exposed 512:526 arg1 domains 537:543 the surface-exposed variable domains 508:543 the surface-exposed variable domains 508:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 5 57 dep conserved 995:1003 arg1 both 1044:1047 both 1044:1047 both 1044:1047 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 9 58 theme adjacent 1838:1845 arg1 glycosylation 1824:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation 1797:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 1797:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 3 59 theme peptide 644:650 arg1 fragment 652:659 an antigenic peptide fragment 631:659 an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 631:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 4 60 theme exchange 778:785 arg1 MD 807:808 MD 807:808 MD 807:808 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 4 60 theme exchange 778:785 arg1 dynamics 797:804 replica exchange molecular dynamics 770:804 replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) 770:809 We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate how glycosylation influences its conformation and stability. 27716795 6 61 theme thermal 1317:1323 arg1 unfolding 1325:1333 thermal unfolding 1317:1333 thermal unfolding 1317:1333 Glycosylation stabilized the pre-existing conformations of this peptide construct, reduced its propensity to adopt other secondary structures, and provided resistance against thermal unfolding. 27716795 1 62 theme subunit 167:173 arg1 adaptation 192:201 a key adaptation 186:201 a key adaptation of HIV-1 186:210 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 62 theme subunit 167:173 arg1 glycosylation 123:135 Heavy glycosylation 117:135 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, 117:181 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 5 63 link N-linked 943:950 arg1 glycosylation 952:964 N-linked glycosylation 943:964 N-linked glycosylation 943:964 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 7 64 theme Env 1380:1382 arg1 trimer 1384:1389 the Env trimer 1376:1389 the Env trimer 1376:1389 Simulations performed in the context of the Env trimer also indicated that glycosylation reduces flexibility of the V1V2 region, and provided insight into glycan-glycan interactions in this region. 27716795 10 65 theme key 2125:2127 arg1 epitopes 2142:2149 key neutralizing epitopes 2125:2149 key neutralizing epitopes 2125:2149 These studies suggest that glycopeptide immunogens can be designed to stabilize the most relevant Env conformations to focus the immune response on key neutralizing epitopes. 27716795 3 66 theme disulfide 668:676 arg1 region 693:698 a disulfide bridge-bounded region 666:698 a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 666:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 0 67 theme Protein 108:114 arg1 Domain 73:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain 55:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 55:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 0 67 theme Protein 108:114 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 0 68 theme V1V2 59:62 arg1 Domain 73:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain 55:78 the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 55:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 0 68 theme V1V2 59:62 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 5 69 theme HIV-1 1012:1016 arg1 N160 1037:1040 N160 1037:1040 N160 1037:1040 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 5 69 theme HIV-1 1012:1016 arg1 N156 1028:1031 N156 1028:1031 N156 1028:1031 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 5 69 theme HIV-1 1012:1016 arg1 isolates 1018:1025 HIV-1 isolates 1012:1025 HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160) 1012:1041 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 3 70 theme hyper-variable 723:736 arg1 domains 738:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains 709:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 709:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 3 70 theme hyper-variable 723:736 arg1 gp120 755:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 5 71 theme N-linked 943:950 arg1 glycosylation 952:964 N-linked glycosylation 943:964 N-linked glycosylation 943:964 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 2 72 theme proximal 458:465 arg1 sites 452:456 glycosylation sites 438:456 glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 438:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 3 73 theme gp120 755:759 arg1 domains 738:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains 709:744 the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 709:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 3 73 theme gp120 755:759 arg1 gp120 755:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 HIV-1 gp120 749:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 0 74 theme Envelope 93:100 arg1 Protein 108:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 83:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 2 75 gly glycosylation 438:450 arg2 sites 452:456 glycosylation sites 438:456 glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 438:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 2 76 theme glycosylation 438:450 arg1 sites 452:456 glycosylation sites 438:456 glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains 438:543 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 1 77 theme protein 309:315 arg1 conformation 275:286 conformation 275:286 conformation 275:286 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 77 theme protein 309:315 arg1 folding 266:272 folding 266:272 folding 266:272 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 1 77 theme protein 309:315 arg1 dynamics 292:299 dynamics 292:299 dynamics 292:299 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 2 78 theme HIV-1 372:376 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 372:400 HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 372:400 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 8 79 theme stabilizing 1540:1550 arg1 effects 1552:1558 These stabilizing effects 1534:1558 These stabilizing effects 1534:1558 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 3 80 from region 693:698 arg1 fragment 652:659 an antigenic peptide fragment 631:659 an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120 631:759 To dissect the influence of glycans on the conformation these regions, we focused on an antigenic peptide fragment from a disulfide bridge-bounded region spanning the V1 and V2 hyper-variable domains of HIV-1 gp120. 27716795 8 81 from 131 1673:1675 arg1 Cysteines 1660:1668 the Cysteines 1656:1668 the Cysteines at 131 and 157 1656:1683 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 9 82 theme disulfide 1797:1805 arg1 glycosylation 1824:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation 1797:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 1797:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 0 83 theme Immunodominant 30:43 arg1 Region 45:50 an Immunodominant Region 27:50 an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein 27:114 Effect of Glycosylation on an Immunodominant Region in the V1V2 Variable Domain of the HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Protein. 27716795 9 84 theme proximal 1815:1822 arg1 glycosylation 1824:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation 1797:1836 disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 1797:1878 Together, these results provide a mechanism for conservation of disulfide linkage proximal glycosylation adjacent to the variable domains of gp120 and begin to explain how this could be exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of those regions. 27716795 1 85 theme glycosylation 245:257 arg1 effects 234:240 the precise effects 222:240 the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein 222:315 Heavy glycosylation of the envelope (Env) surface subunit, gp120, is a key adaptation of HIV-1; however, the precise effects of glycosylation on the folding, conformation and dynamics of this protein are poorly understood. 27716795 2 86 theme gp120 382:386 arg1 glycosylation 388:400 HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 372:400 HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation 372:400 Here we explore the patterns of HIV-1 Env gp120 glycosylation, and particularly the enrichment in glycosylation sites proximal to the disulfide linkages at the base of the surface-exposed variable domains. 27716795 8 87 from 157 1681:1683 arg1 Cysteines 1660:1668 the Cysteines 1656:1668 the Cysteines at 131 and 157 1656:1683 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 8 88 theme bond 1643:1646 arg1 presence 1619:1626 the presence 1615:1626 the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157 1615:1683 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 5 89 theme neutralizing 1103:1114 arg1 antibodies 1116:1125 V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies 1081:1125 V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 1081:1139 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 8 90 theme factors 1596:1602 arg1 combination 1581:1591 a combination 1579:1591 a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands 1579:1730 These stabilizing effects were influenced by a combination of factors, including the presence of a disulfide bond between the Cysteines at 131 and 157, which increased the formation of beta-strands. 27716795 5 91 dep isolates 1018:1025 arg1 N160 1037:1040 N160 1037:1040 N160 1037:1040 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 5 91 dep isolates 1018:1025 arg1 N156 1028:1031 N156 1028:1031 N156 1028:1031 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27716795 5 91 dep isolates 1018:1025 arg1 isolates 1018:1025 HIV-1 isolates 1012:1025 HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160) 1012:1041 Simulations were performed with and without N-linked glycosylation at two sites that are highly conserved across HIV-1 isolates (N156 and N160); both are contacts for recognition by V1V2-targeted broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 27511022 2 0 from expression 364:373 arg1 milk 382:385 the milk 378:385 the milk 378:385 In this study, transgenic mice were produced containing wild-type human Hsp70 allele in the vector providing expression in the milk. 27511022 1 1 theme major 118:122 arg1 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 1 1 theme major 118:122 arg1 Hsp70 149:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 118:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 118:162 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 8 2 theme various 1348:1354 arg1 bioreactors 1356:1366 various bioreactors 1348:1366 various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1348:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 0 3 from development 4:14 arg1 milk 75:78 the milk 71:78 the milk of transgenic mice 71:97 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 1 4 theme human 124:128 arg1 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 1 4 theme human 124:128 arg1 Hsp70 149:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 118:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 118:162 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 4 5 gly glycosylation 667:679 arg1 process 688:694 the process 684:694 the process of expression 684:708 It was suggested that the protein underwent glycosylation in the process of expression, and this quite common modification for proteins expressed in the milk complicated its isolation. 27511022 4 5 gly glycosylation 667:679 arg1 protein 649:655 the protein 645:655 the protein 645:655 It was suggested that the protein underwent glycosylation in the process of expression, and this quite common modification for proteins expressed in the milk complicated its isolation. 27511022 4 6 theme expression 699:708 arg1 process 688:694 the process 684:694 the process of expression 684:708 It was suggested that the protein underwent glycosylation in the process of expression, and this quite common modification for proteins expressed in the milk complicated its isolation. 27511022 8 7 theme human 1436:1440 arg1 Hsp70 1442:1446 reproducible human Hsp70 1423:1446 reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1423:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 7 8 dep obtained 1193:1200 arg1 easy 1259:1262 easy 1259:1262 easy 1259:1262 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 7 8 dep obtained 1193:1200 arg1 expressed 1208:1216 expressed 1208:1216 expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk 1208:1243 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 1 9 from production 104:113 arg1 system 191:196 a eukaryotic expression system 167:196 a eukaryotic expression system 167:196 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 6 10 theme beneficial 1036:1045 arg1 properties 1047:1056 all beneficial properties 1032:1056 all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 1032:1079 The investigation demonstrated that the modified protein exhibited all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 and was even superior to the latter for a few parameters. 27511022 8 11 theme reproducible 1423:1434 arg1 Hsp70 1442:1446 reproducible human Hsp70 1423:1446 reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1423:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 3 12 theme human 415:419 arg1 Hsp70 421:425 human Hsp70 415:425 human Hsp70 415:425 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 5 13 theme presumptive 850:860 arg1 glycosylation 871:883 glycosylation 871:883 glycosylation 871:883 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 5 13 theme presumptive 850:860 arg1 sites 862:866 all presumptive sites 846:866 all presumptive sites of glycosylation 846:883 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 1 14 theme heat 130:133 arg1 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 1 14 theme heat 130:133 arg1 Hsp70 149:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 118:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 118:162 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 6 15 theme wild-type 1065:1073 arg1 Hsp70 1075:1079 the wild-type Hsp70 1061:1079 the wild-type Hsp70 1061:1079 The investigation demonstrated that the modified protein exhibited all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 and was even superior to the latter for a few parameters. 27511022 1 16 theme shock 135:139 arg1 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 1 16 theme shock 135:139 arg1 Hsp70 149:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 118:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 118:162 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 8 17 theme Hsp70 1442:1446 arg1 manufacture 1381:1391 reliable manufacture 1372:1391 reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1372:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 3 18 theme intact 511:516 arg1 structure 518:526 its intact structure 507:526 its intact structure 507:526 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 6 19 theme modified 1005:1012 arg1 superior 1094:1101 superior 1094:1101 superior 1094:1101 The investigation demonstrated that the modified protein exhibited all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 and was even superior to the latter for a few parameters. 27511022 6 19 theme modified 1005:1012 arg1 protein 1014:1020 the modified protein 1001:1020 the modified protein 1001:1020 The investigation demonstrated that the modified protein exhibited all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 and was even superior to the latter for a few parameters. 27511022 1 20 theme protein 141:147 arg1 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 HSPA1A 156:161 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 1 20 theme protein 141:147 arg1 Hsp70 149:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 118:153 major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 118:162 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 8 21 theme medical 1461:1467 arg1 applications 1469:1480 possible medical applications 1452:1480 possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1452:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 8 21 theme medical 1461:1467 arg1 diseases 1510:1517 neurodegenerative diseases 1492:1517 neurodegenerative diseases 1492:1517 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 8 21 theme medical 1461:1467 arg1 cancer 1523:1528 cancer 1523:1528 cancer 1523:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 8 22 theme high 1396:1399 arg1 quality 1401:1407 high quality 1396:1407 high quality 1396:1407 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 5 23 theme glycosylation 871:883 arg1 glycosylation 871:883 glycosylation 871:883 glycosylation 871:883 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 5 23 theme glycosylation 871:883 arg1 sites 862:866 all presumptive sites 846:866 all presumptive sites of glycosylation 846:883 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 2 24 theme Hsp70 327:331 arg1 allele 333:338 wild-type human Hsp70 allele 311:338 wild-type human Hsp70 allele 311:338 In this study, transgenic mice were produced containing wild-type human Hsp70 allele in the vector providing expression in the milk. 27511022 0 25 theme modified 19:26 arg1 Hsp70 34:38 modified human Hsp70 19:38 modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 19:47 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 0 25 theme modified 19:26 arg1 HSPA1A 41:46 HSPA1A 41:46 HSPA1A 41:46 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 1 26 theme possible 224:231 arg1 applications 241:252 possible medical applications 224:252 possible medical applications 224:252 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 0 27 theme mice 94:97 arg1 milk 75:78 the milk 71:78 the milk of transgenic mice 71:97 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 1 28 theme medical 233:239 arg1 applications 241:252 possible medical applications 224:252 possible medical applications 224:252 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 0 29 theme transgenic 83:92 arg1 mice 94:97 transgenic mice 83:97 transgenic mice 83:97 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 0 30 from production 57:66 arg1 milk 75:78 the milk 71:78 the milk of transgenic mice 71:97 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 7 31 theme transgenic 1165:1174 arg1 strain 1182:1187 a transgenic mouse strain 1163:1187 a transgenic mouse strain 1163:1187 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 3 32 theme transgenic 456:465 arg1 animals 467:473 the transgenic animals 452:473 the transgenic animals 452:473 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 0 33 theme Hsp70 34:38 arg1 production 57:66 its production 53:66 its production in the milk of transgenic mice 53:97 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 0 33 theme Hsp70 34:38 arg1 development 4:14 The development 0:14 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 0:47 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 7 34 theme modified 1222:1229 arg1 Hsp70 1231:1235 the modified Hsp70 1218:1235 the modified Hsp70 in milk 1218:1243 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 7 35 theme mouse 1176:1180 arg1 strain 1182:1187 a transgenic mouse strain 1163:1187 a transgenic mouse strain 1163:1187 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 1 36 theme Hsp70 149:153 arg1 production 104:113 The production 100:113 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system 100:196 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 0 37 theme human 28:32 arg1 Hsp70 34:38 modified human Hsp70 19:38 modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) 19:47 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 0 37 theme human 28:32 arg1 HSPA1A 41:46 HSPA1A 41:46 HSPA1A 41:46 The development of modified human Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and its production in the milk of transgenic mice. 27511022 8 38 theme reliable 1372:1379 arg1 manufacture 1381:1391 reliable manufacture 1372:1391 reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1372:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 3 39 dep possible 551:558 arg1 expressed 439:447 expressed 439:447 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals 427:473 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 3 39 dep possible 551:558 arg1 preserve 498:505 preserve 498:505 did not apparently preserve its intact structure 479:526 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 5 40 gly glycosylation 871:883 arg2 sites 862:866 all presumptive sites 846:866 all presumptive sites of glycosylation 846:883 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 5 40 gly glycosylation 871:883 arg2 glycosylation 871:883 glycosylation 871:883 glycosylation 871:883 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 8 41 theme possible 1452:1459 arg1 applications 1469:1480 possible medical applications 1452:1480 possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1452:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 8 41 theme possible 1452:1459 arg1 diseases 1510:1517 neurodegenerative diseases 1492:1517 neurodegenerative diseases 1492:1517 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 8 41 theme possible 1452:1459 arg1 cancer 1523:1528 cancer 1523:1528 cancer 1523:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 7 42 theme ATP 1281:1283 arg1 columns 1285:1291 ATP columns 1281:1291 ATP columns 1281:1291 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 3 43 theme isolation 601:609 arg1 techniques 611:620 conventional isolation techniques 588:620 conventional isolation techniques 588:620 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 8 44 theme developed 1309:1317 arg1 construct 1319:1327 the developed construct 1305:1327 the developed construct 1305:1327 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 7 45 from Hsp70 1231:1235 arg1 milk 1240:1243 milk 1240:1243 milk 1240:1243 Based on these results, a transgenic mouse strain was obtained which expressed the modified Hsp70 in milk and which was easy to isolate using ATP columns. 27511022 6 46 theme Hsp70 1075:1079 arg1 properties 1047:1056 all beneficial properties 1032:1056 all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 1032:1079 The investigation demonstrated that the modified protein exhibited all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 and was even superior to the latter for a few parameters. 27511022 6 47 theme few 1123:1125 arg1 parameters 1127:1136 a few parameters 1121:1136 a few parameters 1121:1136 The investigation demonstrated that the modified protein exhibited all beneficial properties of the wild-type Hsp70 and was even superior to the latter for a few parameters. 27511022 5 48 theme resulting 918:926 arg1 Hsp70 937:941 the resulting modified Hsp70 914:941 the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli 914:962 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 2 49 theme transgenic 270:279 arg1 mice 281:284 transgenic mice 270:284 transgenic mice 270:284 In this study, transgenic mice were produced containing wild-type human Hsp70 allele in the vector providing expression in the milk. 27511022 8 50 theme quality 1401:1407 arg1 manufacture 1381:1391 reliable manufacture 1372:1391 reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1372:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 5 51 theme modified 928:935 arg1 Hsp70 937:941 the resulting modified Hsp70 914:941 the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli 914:962 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 1 52 theme eukaryotic 169:178 arg1 system 191:196 a eukaryotic expression system 167:196 a eukaryotic expression system 167:196 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 3 53 theme conventional 588:599 arg1 techniques 611:620 conventional isolation techniques 588:620 conventional isolation techniques 588:620 The results indicated that human Hsp70 was readily expressed in the transgenic animals but did not apparently preserve its intact structure and, hence, it was not possible to purify the protein using conventional isolation techniques. 27511022 5 54 theme Hsp70 937:941 arg1 properties 900:909 the properties 896:909 the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli 896:962 To check this possibility, we mutated all presumptive sites of glycosylation and tested the properties of the resulting modified Hsp70 expressed in E. coli. 27511022 2 55 theme human 321:325 arg1 allele 333:338 wild-type human Hsp70 allele 311:338 wild-type human Hsp70 allele 311:338 In this study, transgenic mice were produced containing wild-type human Hsp70 allele in the vector providing expression in the milk. 27511022 1 56 theme expression 180:189 arg1 system 191:196 a eukaryotic expression system 167:196 a eukaryotic expression system 167:196 The production of major human heat shock protein Hsp70 (HSPA1A) in a eukaryotic expression system is needed for testing and possible medical applications. 27511022 8 57 theme uniform 1410:1416 arg1 manufacture 1381:1391 reliable manufacture 1372:1391 reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer 1372:1528 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 27511022 4 58 theme common 726:731 arg1 modification 733:744 this quite common modification 715:744 this quite common modification for proteins expressed in the milk 715:779 It was suggested that the protein underwent glycosylation in the process of expression, and this quite common modification for proteins expressed in the milk complicated its isolation. 27511022 2 59 theme wild-type 311:319 arg1 allele 333:338 wild-type human Hsp70 allele 311:338 wild-type human Hsp70 allele 311:338 In this study, transgenic mice were produced containing wild-type human Hsp70 allele in the vector providing expression in the milk. 27511022 8 60 theme neurodegenerative 1492:1508 arg1 diseases 1510:1517 neurodegenerative diseases 1492:1517 neurodegenerative diseases 1492:1517 Therefore, the developed construct can be explored in various bioreactors for reliable manufacture of high quality, uniform, and reproducible human Hsp70 for possible medical applications including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. 28943358 3 0 theme amine-containing 379:394 arg1 molecules 396:404 primary amine-containing molecules 371:404 primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution 371:424 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates can be added to primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution to yield glycoconjugates. 28943358 4 1 theme E-selectin 567:576 arg1 sites 586:590 E-selectin binding sites 567:590 E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 567:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 5 2 theme sialic 761:766 arg1 linkages 773:780 sialic acid linkages 761:780 sialic acid linkages 761:780 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 5 3 theme H 814:814 arg1 binding 816:822 complement factor H binding 796:822 complement factor H binding 796:822 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 6 4 theme necrosis 1073:1080 arg1 alpha 1089:1093 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1067:1093 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1067:1093 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 6 5 theme tumor 1067:1071 arg1 alpha 1089:1093 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1067:1093 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1067:1093 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 4 6 from sites 586:590 arg1 cells 607:611 mouse MC-38 cells 595:611 mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 595:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 6 7 theme 3-kinase 1017:1024 arg1 signaling 1026:1034 phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling 1000:1034 phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1000:1120 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 4 8 theme sites 586:590 arg1 acquisition 552:562 the acquisition 548:562 the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 548:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 5 9 theme linkages 773:780 arg1 the importance 743:756 the importance 743:756 the importance of sialic acid linkages 743:780 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 5 10 theme 6-sialyllactose 694:708 arg1 Ligation 675:682 Ligation 675:682 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli 675:728 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 6 11 mod modified 839:846 arg3 oligosaccharides 853:868 oligosaccharides 853:868 oligosaccharides 853:868 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 6 11 mod modified 839:846 arg1 Proteins 825:832 Proteins 825:832 Proteins 825:832 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 6 12 theme interleukin-12 1051:1064 arg1 release 1114:1120 interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1051:1120 interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1051:1120 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 4 13 theme carbohydrate 492:503 arg1 epitopes 505:512 carbohydrate epitopes 492:512 carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells 492:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 6 14 theme dendritic 927:935 arg1 cells 937:941 dendritic cells 927:941 dendritic cells 927:941 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 4 15 from presentation 476:487 arg1 cells 529:533 live animal cells 517:533 live animal cells 517:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 4 16 from acquisition 552:562 arg1 cells 607:611 mouse MC-38 cells 595:611 mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 595:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 6 17 theme factor 1082:1087 arg1 alpha 1089:1093 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1067:1093 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1067:1093 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 1 18 theme structural 100:109 arg1 complexity 111:120 The structural complexity 96:120 The structural complexity of glycosylation 96:137 The structural complexity of glycosylation restrains the functional characterization of glycans. 28943358 5 19 theme complement 796:805 arg1 binding 816:822 complement factor H binding 796:822 complement factor H binding 796:822 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 0 20 theme Custom 0:5 arg1 Glycosylation 7:19 Custom Glycosylation 0:19 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins 0:41 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 2 21 with reaction 261:268 arg1 amines 304:309 primary amines 296:309 primary amines 296:309 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 4 22 theme live 517:520 arg1 cells 529:533 live animal cells 517:533 live animal cells 517:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 6 23 theme cytokine 905:912 arg1 secretion 914:922 cytokine secretion 905:922 cytokine secretion by dendritic cells 905:941 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 5 24 theme acid 768:771 arg1 linkages 773:780 sialic acid linkages 761:780 sialic acid linkages 761:780 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 0 25 theme Cells 24:28 arg1 Glycosylation 7:19 Custom Glycosylation 0:19 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins 0:41 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 5 26 theme 3- 687:688 arg1 Ligation 675:682 Ligation 675:682 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli 675:728 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 2 27 theme carbohydrate 216:227 arg1 technique 238:246 a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique 204:246 a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines 204:309 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 1 28 theme glycosylation 125:137 arg1 complexity 111:120 The structural complexity 96:120 The structural complexity of glycosylation 96:137 The structural complexity of glycosylation restrains the functional characterization of glycans. 28943358 6 29 gly glycoproteins 982:994 arg1 glycoproteins 982:994 glycoproteins 982:994 glycoproteins 982:994 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 0 30 theme Proteins 34:41 arg1 Glycosylation 7:19 Custom Glycosylation 0:19 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins 0:41 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 2 31 theme versatile 206:214 arg1 technique 238:246 a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique 204:246 a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines 204:309 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 2 32 theme cyclic 273:278 arg1 carbamates 280:289 cyclic carbamates 273:289 cyclic carbamates 273:289 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 4 33 from cells 607:611 arg1 acquisition 552:562 the acquisition 548:562 the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 548:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 3 34 theme Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized 312:339 arg1 carbohydrates 341:353 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates 312:353 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates 312:353 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates can be added to primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution to yield glycoconjugates. 28943358 0 35 gly Glycosylation 7:19 arg1 Proteins 34:41 Proteins 34:41 Proteins 34:41 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 0 35 gly Glycosylation 7:19 arg1 Cells 24:28 Cells 24:28 Cells 24:28 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 7 36 theme biology 1190:1196 arg1 epitopes 1214:1221 the biology of carbohydrate epitopes 1186:1221 the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes 1186:1255 Overall, cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation is useful to study the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes. 28943358 0 37 theme Cyclic 49:54 arg1 Oligosaccharides 78:93 Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides 49:93 Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides 49:93 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 4 38 theme mouse 595:599 arg1 cells 607:611 mouse MC-38 cells 595:611 mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 595:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 0 39 theme Carbamate-Derivatized 56:76 arg1 Oligosaccharides 78:93 Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides 49:93 Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides 49:93 Custom Glycosylation of Cells and Proteins Using Cyclic Carbamate-Derivatized Oligosaccharides. 28943358 7 40 theme of carbohydrate 1198:1212 arg1 epitopes 1214:1221 the biology of carbohydrate epitopes 1186:1221 the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes 1186:1255 Overall, cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation is useful to study the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes. 28943358 7 41 theme cell 1242:1245 arg1 membranes 1247:1255 cell membranes 1242:1255 cell membranes 1242:1255 Overall, cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation is useful to study the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes. 28943358 4 42 from cells 529:533 arg1 presentation 476:487 the presentation 472:487 the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells 472:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 3 43 theme primary 371:377 arg1 molecules 396:404 primary amine-containing molecules 371:404 primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution 371:424 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates can be added to primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution to yield glycoconjugates. 28943358 4 44 theme epitopes 505:512 arg1 presentation 476:487 the presentation 472:487 the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells 472:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 6 45 theme alpha 1089:1093 arg1 release 1114:1120 interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1051:1120 interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1051:1120 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 5 46 theme factor 807:812 arg1 binding 816:822 complement factor H binding 796:822 complement factor H binding 796:822 Ligation of 3- and 6-sialyllactose to Escherichia coli demonstrated the importance of sialic acid linkages in regulating complement factor H binding. 28943358 3 47 from molecules 396:404 arg1 solution 417:424 aqueous solution 409:424 aqueous solution 409:424 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates can be added to primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution to yield glycoconjugates. 28943358 7 48 theme cyclic-carbamate-mediated 1132:1156 arg1 ligation 1158:1165 cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation 1132:1165 cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation 1132:1165 Overall, cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation is useful to study the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes. 28943358 1 49 theme functional 153:162 arg1 characterization 164:179 the functional characterization 149:179 the functional characterization of glycans 149:190 The structural complexity of glycosylation restrains the functional characterization of glycans. 28943358 7 50 from epitopes 1214:1221 arg1 proteins 1226:1233 proteins 1226:1233 proteins 1226:1233 Overall, cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation is useful to study the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes. 28943358 7 50 from epitopes 1214:1221 arg1 membranes 1247:1255 cell membranes 1242:1255 cell membranes 1242:1255 Overall, cyclic-carbamate-mediated ligation is useful to study the biology of carbohydrate epitopes on proteins and on cell membranes. 28943358 4 51 from epitopes 505:512 arg1 cells 529:533 live animal cells 517:533 live animal cells 517:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 4 52 theme animal 522:527 arg1 cells 529:533 live animal cells 517:533 live animal cells 517:533 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 2 53 theme primary 296:302 arg1 amines 304:309 primary amines 296:309 primary amines 296:309 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 6 54 theme phosphoinositide 1000:1015 arg1 3-kinase 1017:1024 phosphoinositide 3-kinase 1000:1024 phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1000:1120 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 28943358 2 55 theme ligation 229:236 arg1 technique 238:246 a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique 204:246 a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines 204:309 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 3 56 theme aqueous 409:415 arg1 solution 417:424 aqueous solution 409:424 aqueous solution 409:424 Cyclic-carbamate-derivatized carbohydrates can be added to primary amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution to yield glycoconjugates. 28943358 4 57 theme binding 578:584 arg1 sites 586:590 E-selectin binding sites 567:590 E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose 567:672 This method enabled the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes on live animal cells, as shown by the acquisition of E-selectin binding sites on mouse MC-38 cells decorated with 3-fucosyllactose or 3-fucosyl-3-sialyllactose. 28943358 2 58 theme carbamates 280:289 arg1 reaction 261:268 the reaction 257:268 the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines 257:309 We present a versatile carbohydrate ligation technique based on the reaction of cyclic carbamates with primary amines. 28943358 1 59 theme glycans 184:190 arg1 characterization 164:179 the functional characterization 149:179 the functional characterization of glycans 149:190 The structural complexity of glycosylation restrains the functional characterization of glycans. 28943358 6 60 theme interleukin-1β 1099:1112 arg1 release 1114:1120 interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1051:1120 interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release 1051:1120 Proteins were modified with oligosaccharides to study their role in stimulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells, thus pointing to interactions between glycoproteins and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling in controlling interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β release. 26367394 12 0 theme pilin 1806:1810 arg1 structure 1820:1828 pilin primary structure 1806:1828 their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure 1772:1828 This strongly supports a model where strains expressing class II pilins evade the immune system by changing their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure. 26367394 9 1 theme class 1135:1139 arg1 Swapping 1117:1124 Swapping 1117:1124 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background 1117:1162 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 10 2 theme class 1333:1337 arg1 pilins 1342:1347 class II pilins 1333:1347 class II pilins 1333:1347 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 5 3 theme class 667:671 arg1 pilins 676:681 class II pilins 667:681 class II pilins that lack this property 667:705 However, numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates express class II pilins that lack this property. 26367394 9 4 theme genetic 1145:1151 arg1 background 1153:1162 genetic background 1145:1162 genetic background 1145:1162 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 8 5 theme I 980:980 arg1 pilins 982:987 class I pilins 974:987 class I pilins that carry a single glycan 974:1014 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 13 6 theme immunological 1952:1964 arg1 consequences 1966:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 7 7 theme antigenic 825:833 arg1 variation 835:843 antigenic variation 825:843 antigenic variation 825:843 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 5 8 theme hypervirulent 627:639 arg1 isolates 650:657 numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates 618:657 numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates 618:657 However, numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates express class II pilins that lack this property. 26367394 6 9 theme type 770:773 arg1 pili 778:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 This raises the question of how they evade immunity targeting type IV pili. 26367394 9 10 theme primary 1185:1191 arg1 structure 1193:1201 the pilin primary structure 1175:1201 the pilin primary structure 1175:1201 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 4 11 theme Neisseria 429:437 arg1 meningitidis 439:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 2 12 theme IV 216:217 arg1 factors 264:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors 228:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens 228:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 12 theme IV 216:217 arg1 pili 219:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 9 13 theme pilin 1179:1183 arg1 structure 1193:1201 the pilin primary structure 1175:1201 the pilin primary structure 1175:1201 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 11 14 theme polypeptide 1645:1655 arg1 chain 1657:1661 the polypeptide chain 1641:1661 the polypeptide chain 1641:1661 Finally, molecular modeling shows that glycans cover the surface of class II pilins and strongly decrease antibody access to the polypeptide chain. 26367394 12 15 theme II 1726:1727 arg1 pilins 1729:1734 class II pilins 1720:1734 class II pilins 1720:1734 This strongly supports a model where strains expressing class II pilins evade the immune system by changing their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure. 26367394 7 16 from precision 931:939 arg1 proteins 957:964 the modified proteins 944:964 the modified proteins 944:964 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 13 17 theme extensive 1927:1935 arg1 consequences 1966:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 2 18 theme filamentous 242:252 arg1 factors 264:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors 228:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens 228:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 18 theme filamentous 242:252 arg1 pili 219:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 1 19 theme pathogens 129:137 arg1 ability 118:124 The ability 114:124 The ability of pathogens to cause disease 114:154 The ability of pathogens to cause disease depends on their aptitude to escape the immune system. 26367394 4 20 theme human 414:418 arg1 meningitidis 439:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 0 21 theme Invariable 57:66 arg1 Pilins 68:73 Sequence Invariable Pilins 48:73 Sequence Invariable Pilins 48:73 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 13 22 with glycans 1914:1920 arg1 consequences 1966:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 4 23 theme genetic 497:503 arg1 system 519:524 a genetic recombination system 495:524 a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape 495:606 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 10 24 theme specific 1426:1433 arg1 fashion 1435:1441 a strain specific fashion 1417:1441 a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation 1417:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 13 25 theme class 1883:1887 arg1 pilins 1892:1897 sequence invariable class II pilins 1863:1897 sequence invariable class II pilins 1863:1897 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 9 26 theme glycans 1296:1302 arg1 nature 1282:1287 the nature 1278:1287 the nature of the glycans 1278:1302 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 10 27 from Absence 1305:1311 arg1 pilins 1342:1347 class II pilins 1333:1347 class II pilins 1333:1347 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 4 28 theme I 478:478 arg1 pilins 480:485 class I pilins 472:485 class I pilins 472:485 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 10 29 theme extensive 1460:1468 arg1 impact 1481:1486 the extensive functional impact 1456:1486 the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation 1456:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 0 30 theme Neisseria 0:8 arg1 Pili 31:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili 0:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins 0:73 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 8 31 theme II 1037:1038 arg1 pilins 1040:1045 class II pilins 1031:1045 class II pilins 1031:1045 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 7 32 theme highest 913:919 arg1 precision 931:939 the highest molecular precision 909:939 the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins 909:964 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 3 33 theme major 365:369 arg1 they 356:359 they 356:359 they 356:359 As such they are major targets for the host immune system. 26367394 3 33 theme major 365:369 arg1 targets 371:377 major targets 365:377 major targets for the host immune system 365:404 As such they are major targets for the host immune system. 26367394 9 34 theme background 1153:1162 arg1 Swapping 1117:1124 Swapping 1117:1124 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background 1117:1162 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 0 35 theme Type 23:26 arg1 Pili 31:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili 0:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins 0:73 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 4 36 theme pilin 557:561 arg1 sequence 563:570 the pilin sequence 553:570 the pilin sequence 553:570 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 10 37 theme multisite 1491:1499 arg1 glycosylation 1501:1513 multisite glycosylation 1491:1513 multisite glycosylation 1491:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 13 38 theme sequence 1863:1870 arg1 pilins 1892:1897 sequence invariable class II pilins 1863:1897 sequence invariable class II pilins 1863:1897 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 3 39 theme host 387:390 arg1 system 399:404 the host immune system 383:404 the host immune system 383:404 As such they are major targets for the host immune system. 26367394 10 40 theme glycosylation 1316:1328 arg1 Absence 1305:1311 Absence 1305:1311 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins 1305:1347 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 8 41 theme glycosylation 1063:1075 arg1 sites 1077:1081 up to 5 glycosylation sites 1055:1081 up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface 1055:1114 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 11 42 theme pilins 1593:1598 arg1 surface 1573:1579 the surface 1569:1579 the surface of class II pilins 1569:1598 Finally, molecular modeling shows that glycans cover the surface of class II pilins and strongly decrease antibody access to the polypeptide chain. 26367394 2 43 theme bacterial 327:335 arg1 pathogens 337:345 bacterial pathogens 327:345 bacterial pathogens 327:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 12 44 theme primary 1812:1818 arg1 structure 1820:1828 pilin primary structure 1806:1828 their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure 1772:1828 This strongly supports a model where strains expressing class II pilins evade the immune system by changing their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure. 26367394 5 45 theme clinical 641:648 arg1 isolates 650:657 numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates 618:657 numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates 618:657 However, numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates express class II pilins that lack this property. 26367394 9 46 theme pilin 1129:1133 arg1 class 1135:1139 pilin class 1129:1139 pilin class 1129:1139 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 4 47 contain contain 487:493 arg1 meningitidis 439:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 4 47 contain contain 487:493 arg2 system 519:524 a genetic recombination system 495:524 a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape 495:606 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 4 47 contain contain 487:493 arg2 strains 453:459 strains 453:459 strains expressing class I pilins 453:485 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 4 47 contain contain 487:493 arg1 strains 453:459 strains 453:459 strains expressing class I pilins 453:485 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 7 48 theme mass 880:883 arg1 spectrometry 885:896 top-down mass spectrometry 871:896 top-down mass spectrometry 871:896 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 8 49 theme pilus 1102:1106 arg1 surface 1108:1114 the pilus surface 1098:1114 the pilus surface 1098:1114 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 8 50 theme class 974:978 arg1 pilins 982:987 class I pilins 974:987 class I pilins that carry a single glycan 974:1014 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 11 51 theme class 1584:1588 arg1 pilins 1593:1598 class II pilins 1584:1598 class II pilins 1584:1598 Finally, molecular modeling shows that glycans cover the surface of class II pilins and strongly decrease antibody access to the polypeptide chain. 26367394 2 52 theme pilin 284:288 arg1 monomers 290:297 pilin monomers 284:297 pilin monomers 284:297 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 11 53 theme antibody 1622:1629 arg1 access 1631:1636 antibody access 1622:1636 antibody access to the polypeptide chain 1622:1661 Finally, molecular modeling shows that glycans cover the surface of class II pilins and strongly decrease antibody access to the polypeptide chain. 26367394 10 54 theme pilus 1357:1361 arg1 biogenesis 1363:1372 pilus biogenesis 1357:1372 pilus biogenesis 1357:1372 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 12 55 theme immune 1746:1751 arg1 system 1753:1758 the immune system 1742:1758 the immune system 1742:1758 This strongly supports a model where strains expressing class II pilins evade the immune system by changing their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure. 26367394 5 56 theme numerous 618:625 arg1 isolates 650:657 numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates 618:657 numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates 618:657 However, numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates express class II pilins that lack this property. 26367394 6 57 theme IV 775:776 arg1 pili 778:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 This raises the question of how they evade immunity targeting type IV pili. 26367394 7 58 theme variation 835:843 arg1 source 815:820 a possible source 804:820 a possible source of antigenic variation 804:843 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 7 58 theme variation 835:843 arg1 glycosylation 787:799 glycosylation 787:799 glycosylation 787:799 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 8 59 theme single 1002:1007 arg1 glycan 1009:1014 a single glycan 1000:1014 a single glycan 1000:1014 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 6 60 theme targeting 760:768 arg1 pili 778:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 This raises the question of how they evade immunity targeting type IV pili. 26367394 8 61 dep 5 1061:1061 arg1 to 1058:1059 to 1058:1059 to 1058:1059 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 7 62 theme possible 806:813 arg1 source 815:820 a possible source 804:820 a possible source of antigenic variation 804:843 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 7 62 theme possible 806:813 arg1 glycosylation 787:799 glycosylation 787:799 glycosylation 787:799 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 1 63 theme immune 196:201 arg1 system 203:208 the immune system 192:208 the immune system 192:208 The ability of pathogens to cause disease depends on their aptitude to escape the immune system. 26367394 5 64 theme II 673:674 arg1 pilins 676:681 class II pilins 667:681 class II pilins that lack this property 667:705 However, numerous hypervirulent clinical isolates express class II pilins that lack this property. 26367394 9 65 theme multisite 1214:1222 arg1 glycosylation 1224:1236 multisite glycosylation 1214:1236 multisite glycosylation 1214:1236 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 2 66 theme Type 211:214 arg1 factors 264:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors 228:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens 228:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 66 theme Type 211:214 arg1 pili 219:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 10 67 theme pilus-dependent 1386:1400 arg1 aggregation 1402:1412 pilus-dependent aggregation 1386:1412 pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation 1386:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 2 68 theme virulence 254:262 arg1 factors 264:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors 228:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens 228:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 68 theme virulence 254:262 arg1 pili 219:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 12 69 theme class 1720:1724 arg1 pilins 1729:1734 class II pilins 1720:1734 class II pilins 1720:1734 This strongly supports a model where strains expressing class II pilins evade the immune system by changing their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure. 26367394 4 70 theme pathogen 420:427 arg1 meningitidis 439:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis 410:450 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 13 71 theme functional 1937:1946 arg1 consequences 1966:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 extensive functional and immunological consequences 1927:1977 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 9 72 theme genetic 1248:1254 arg1 background 1256:1265 the genetic background 1244:1265 the genetic background 1244:1265 Swapping of pilin class and genetic background shows that the pilin primary structure determines multisite glycosylation while the genetic background determines the nature of the glycans. 26367394 2 73 theme extracellular 228:240 arg1 factors 264:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors 228:270 extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens 228:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 73 theme extracellular 228:240 arg1 pili 219:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili 211:222 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 74 dep factors 264:270 arg1 composed 272:279 composed 272:279 composed of pilin monomers 272:297 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 2 74 dep factors 264:270 arg1 expressed 314:322 expressed 314:322 frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens 303:345 Type IV pili are extracellular filamentous virulence factors composed of pilin monomers and frequently expressed by bacterial pathogens. 26367394 11 75 theme molecular 1525:1533 arg1 modeling 1535:1542 molecular modeling 1525:1542 molecular modeling 1525:1542 Finally, molecular modeling shows that glycans cover the surface of class II pilins and strongly decrease antibody access to the polypeptide chain. 26367394 8 76 contain carry 994:998 arg2 glycan 1009:1014 a single glycan 1000:1014 a single glycan 1000:1014 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 8 76 contain carry 994:998 arg1 pilins 982:987 class I pilins 974:987 class I pilins that carry a single glycan 974:1014 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 4 77 theme recombination 505:517 arg1 system 519:524 a genetic recombination system 495:524 a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape 495:606 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 0 78 theme Multisite 89:97 arg1 Glycosylation 99:111 Multisite Glycosylation 89:111 Multisite Glycosylation 89:111 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 8 79 from sites 1077:1081 arg1 surface 1108:1114 the pilus surface 1098:1114 the pilus surface 1098:1114 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 4 80 theme class 472:476 arg1 pilins 480:485 class I pilins 472:485 class I pilins 472:485 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 13 81 theme invariable 1872:1881 arg1 pilins 1892:1897 sequence invariable class II pilins 1863:1897 sequence invariable class II pilins 1863:1897 Overall these results show that sequence invariable class II pilins are cloaked in glycans with extensive functional and immunological consequences. 26367394 8 82 theme class 1031:1035 arg1 pilins 1040:1045 class II pilins 1031:1045 class II pilins 1031:1045 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 7 83 theme modified 948:955 arg1 proteins 957:964 the modified proteins 944:964 the modified proteins 944:964 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 10 84 theme functional 1470:1479 arg1 impact 1481:1486 the extensive functional impact 1456:1486 the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation 1456:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 12 85 theme sugar 1778:1782 arg1 structure 1784:1792 their sugar structure 1772:1792 their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure 1772:1828 This strongly supports a model where strains expressing class II pilins evade the immune system by changing their sugar structure rather than pilin primary structure. 26367394 0 86 theme meningitidis 10:21 arg1 Pili 31:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili 0:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins 0:73 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 8 87 gly glycosylation 1063:1075 arg2 sites 1077:1081 up to 5 glycosylation sites 1055:1081 up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface 1055:1114 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 8 87 gly glycosylation 1063:1075 arg2 5 1061:1061 5 1061:1061 5 1061:1061 Unlike class I pilins that carry a single glycan, we found that class II pilins display up to 5 glycosylation sites per monomer on the pilus surface. 26367394 0 88 theme IV 28:29 arg1 Pili 31:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili 0:34 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins 0:73 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 7 89 theme molecular 921:929 arg1 precision 931:939 the highest molecular precision 909:939 the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins 909:964 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26367394 4 90 theme sequence 563:570 arg1 variation 540:548 variation 540:548 variation of the pilin sequence 540:570 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 10 91 theme glycosylation 1501:1513 arg1 impact 1481:1486 the extensive functional impact 1456:1486 the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation 1456:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 6 92 theme immunity 751:758 arg1 pili 778:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 immunity targeting type IV pili 751:781 This raises the question of how they evade immunity targeting type IV pili. 26367394 0 93 theme Sequence 48:55 arg1 Pilins 68:73 Sequence Invariable Pilins 48:73 Sequence Invariable Pilins 48:73 Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pili Composed of Sequence Invariable Pilins Are Masked by Multisite Glycosylation. 26367394 3 94 theme immune 392:397 arg1 system 399:404 the host immune system 383:404 the host immune system 383:404 As such they are major targets for the host immune system. 26367394 4 95 theme immune 594:599 arg1 escape 601:606 immune escape 594:606 immune escape 594:606 In the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, strains expressing class I pilins contain a genetic recombination system that promotes variation of the pilin sequence and is thought to aid immune escape. 26367394 10 96 from aggregation 1402:1412 arg1 fashion 1435:1441 a strain specific fashion 1417:1441 a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation 1417:1513 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 10 97 theme II 1339:1340 arg1 pilins 1342:1347 class II pilins 1333:1347 class II pilins 1333:1347 Absence of glycosylation in class II pilins affects pilus biogenesis or enhances pilus-dependent aggregation in a strain specific fashion highlighting the extensive functional impact of multisite glycosylation. 26367394 7 98 theme top-down 871:878 arg1 spectrometry 885:896 top-down mass spectrometry 871:896 top-down mass spectrometry 871:896 As glycosylation is a possible source of antigenic variation it was investigated using top-down mass spectrometry to provide the highest molecular precision on the modified proteins. 26892079 3 0 theme class 684:688 arg1 superfamily 692:702 class A superfamily 684:702 class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain 684:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 1 theme oAβ 775:777 arg1 internalization 779:793 oAβ internalization 775:793 oAβ internalization 775:793 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 2 2 theme scavenger 451:459 arg1 receptors 461:469 prominent scavenger receptors 441:469 prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role 441:607 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 2 theme scavenger 451:459 arg1 A 396:396 scavenger receptor A 377:396 scavenger receptor A (SR-A) 377:403 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 5 3 theme harboring 995:1003 arg1 mutations 1005:1013 SR-AI harboring mutations 989:1013 SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) 989:1078 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 4 4 theme N-glycosylation 817:831 arg1 role 809:812 the role 805:812 the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization 805:889 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 1 5 theme senile 256:261 arg1 plaques 263:269 senile plaques 256:269 senile plaques 256:269 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 4 6 from role 809:812 arg1 internalization 875:889 oAβ internalization 871:889 oAβ internalization 871:889 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 1 7 theme plaques 263:269 arg1 formation 243:251 the formation 239:251 the formation of senile plaques 239:269 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 3 8 theme A 690:690 arg1 superfamily 692:702 class A superfamily 684:702 class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain 684:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 2 9 theme SRCR 569:572 arg1 domain 575:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 0 10 link N-linked 12:19 arg1 moiety 28:33 N-linked glycan moiety 12:33 N-linked glycan moiety 12:33 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 6 11 theme oAβ 1130:1132 arg1 internalization 1134:1148 Normal oAβ internalization 1123:1148 Normal oAβ internalization 1123:1148 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 3 12 theme superfamily 692:702 arg1 receptor 621:628 Macrophage receptor 610:628 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) 610:663 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 12 theme superfamily 692:702 arg1 member 674:679 another member 666:679 another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain 666:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 6 13 theme Normal 1123:1128 arg1 internalization 1134:1148 Normal oAβ internalization 1123:1148 Normal oAβ internalization 1123:1148 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 4 14 gly N-glycosylation 817:831 arg1 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 14 gly N-glycosylation 817:831 arg1 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 5 15 theme sites 1039:1043 arg1 mutations 1005:1013 SR-AI harboring mutations 989:1013 SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) 989:1078 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 0 16 theme intracellular 107:119 arg1 trafficking 121:131 intracellular trafficking 107:131 intracellular trafficking 107:131 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 2 17 theme critical 595:602 arg1 role 604:607 the critical role 591:607 the critical role 591:607 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 4 18 theme oAβ 871:873 arg1 internalization 875:889 oAβ internalization 871:889 oAβ internalization 871:889 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 7 19 theme disulfide 1285:1293 arg1 formation 1300:1308 disulfide bone formation 1285:1308 disulfide bone formation 1285:1308 Alternatively, the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation obstructed receptor's N-glycosylation and surface targeting. 26892079 0 20 theme N-linked 12:19 arg1 moiety 28:33 N-linked glycan moiety 12:33 N-linked glycan moiety 12:33 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 0 21 theme critical 74:81 arg1 domain 67:72 the cysteine-rich domain 49:72 the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO 49:150 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 6 22 theme targeted 1205:1212 arg1 mutants 1214:1220 surface targeted mutants 1197:1220 surface targeted mutants 1197:1220 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 0 23 gly N-glycosylation 87:101 arg1 MARCO 146:150 MARCO 146:150 MARCO 146:150 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 0 23 gly N-glycosylation 87:101 arg1 SR-AI 136:140 SR-AI 136:140 SR-AI 136:140 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 4 24 theme SRCR 837:840 arg1 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 24 theme SRCR 837:840 arg1 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 24 theme SRCR 837:840 arg1 domain 842:847 SRCR domain 837:847 SRCR domain 837:847 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 1 25 theme soluble 185:191 arg1 peptide 214:220 soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide 185:220 soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques 185:269 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 1 25 theme soluble 185:191 arg1 oAβ 223:225 oAβ 223:225 oAβ 223:225 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 2 26 theme glycan 517:522 arg1 moiety 524:529 glycan moiety 517:529 glycan moiety 517:529 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 6 27 theme surface 1197:1203 arg1 mutants 1214:1220 surface targeted mutants 1197:1220 surface targeted mutants 1197:1220 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 1 28 theme oligomeric 193:202 arg1 peptide 214:220 soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide 185:220 soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques 185:269 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 1 28 theme oligomeric 193:202 arg1 oAβ 223:225 oAβ 223:225 oAβ 223:225 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 1 29 theme synaptic 286:293 arg1 deficits 306:313 synaptic and memory deficits 286:313 deficits 306:313 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 0 30 theme SR-AI 136:140 arg1 N-glycosylation 87:101 N-glycosylation 87:101 N-glycosylation 87:101 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 0 30 theme SR-AI 136:140 arg1 trafficking 121:131 intracellular trafficking 107:131 intracellular trafficking 107:131 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 1 31 theme amyloid-β 204:212 arg1 peptide 214:220 soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide 185:220 soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques 185:269 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 1 31 theme amyloid-β 204:212 arg1 oAβ 223:225 oAβ 223:225 oAβ 223:225 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 0 32 theme glycan 21:26 arg1 moiety 28:33 N-linked glycan moiety 12:33 N-linked glycan moiety 12:33 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 5 33 dep targeted 1113:1120 arg1 surface 1105:1111 surface 1105:1111 surface 1105:1111 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 8 34 theme SRCR 1444:1447 arg1 domain 1449:1454 SRCR domain 1444:1454 SRCR domain for SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization 1444:1492 CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that N-glycan moiety is more critical than SRCR domain for SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 35 with receptor 621:628 arg1 structure 647:655 collagenous structure 635:655 collagenous structure (MARCO) 635:663 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 35 with receptor 621:628 arg1 MARCO 658:662 MARCO 658:662 MARCO 658:662 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 1 36 theme peptide 214:220 arg1 accumulation 169:180 The accumulation 165:180 The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques 165:269 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 2 37 theme prominent 441:449 arg1 receptors 461:469 prominent scavenger receptors 441:469 prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role 441:607 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 37 theme prominent 441:449 arg1 A 396:396 scavenger receptor A 377:396 scavenger receptor A (SR-A) 377:403 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 1 38 theme memory 299:304 arg1 deficits 306:313 synaptic and memory deficits 286:313 deficits 306:313 BACKGROUND: The accumulation of soluble oligomeric amyloid-β peptide (oAβ) proceeding the formation of senile plaques contributes to synaptic and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. 26892079 0 39 theme MARCO 146:150 arg1 N-glycosylation 87:101 N-glycosylation 87:101 N-glycosylation 87:101 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 0 39 theme MARCO 146:150 arg1 trafficking 121:131 intracellular trafficking 107:131 intracellular trafficking 107:131 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 5 40 theme dual 1018:1021 arg1 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 40 theme dual 1018:1021 arg1 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 40 theme dual 1018:1021 arg1 sites 1039:1043 dual N-glycosylation sites 1018:1043 dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) 1018:1078 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 2 41 theme receptor 387:394 arg1 type 422:425 SR-A type I 417:427 especially SR-A type I (SR-AI) 406:435 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 41 theme receptor 387:394 arg1 SR-A 399:402 SR-A 399:402 SR-A 399:402 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 41 theme receptor 387:394 arg1 A 396:396 scavenger receptor A 377:396 scavenger receptor A (SR-A) 377:403 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 41 theme receptor 387:394 arg1 receptors 461:469 prominent scavenger receptors 441:469 prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role 441:607 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 3 42 theme conserved 718:726 arg1 domain 733:738 a highly conserved SRCR domain 709:738 a highly conserved SRCR domain 709:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 5 43 theme N-glycosylation 1023:1037 arg1 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 43 theme N-glycosylation 1023:1037 arg1 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 43 theme N-glycosylation 1023:1037 arg1 sites 1039:1043 dual N-glycosylation sites 1018:1043 dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) 1018:1078 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 6 44 located observed 1154:1161 arg2 internalization 1134:1148 Normal oAβ internalization 1123:1148 Normal oAβ internalization 1123:1148 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 6 44 located observed 1154:1161 arg1 SR-AI-SRCR 1169:1178 10 SR-AI-SRCR 1166:1178 10 SR-AI-SRCR 1166:1178 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 6 44 located observed 1154:1161 arg1 MARCO-SRCR 1186:1195 4 MARCO-SRCR 1184:1195 4 MARCO-SRCR 1184:1195 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 26892079 7 45 from mutants 1247:1253 arg1 formation 1300:1308 disulfide bone formation 1285:1308 disulfide bone formation 1285:1308 Alternatively, the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation obstructed receptor's N-glycosylation and surface targeting. 26892079 2 46 theme oAβ 484:486 arg1 clearance 488:496 oAβ clearance 484:496 oAβ clearance 484:496 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 4 47 theme domain 842:847 arg1 role 809:812 the role 805:812 the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization 805:889 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 3 48 theme Macrophage 610:619 arg1 receptor 621:628 Macrophage receptor 610:628 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) 610:663 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 48 theme Macrophage 610:619 arg1 member 674:679 another member 666:679 another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain 666:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 4 49 theme SR-AI 852:856 arg1 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 49 theme SR-AI 852:856 arg1 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 49 theme SR-AI 852:856 arg1 N-glycosylation 817:831 N-glycosylation 817:831 N-glycosylation 817:831 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 49 theme SR-AI 852:856 arg1 domain 842:847 SRCR domain 837:847 SRCR domain 837:847 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 2 50 theme previous 343:350 arg1 studies 352:358 Our previous studies 339:358 Our previous studies 339:358 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 8 51 theme oAβ 1474:1476 arg1 internalization 1478:1492 SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization 1460:1492 SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization 1460:1492 CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that N-glycan moiety is more critical than SRCR domain for SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 52 theme SRCR 728:731 arg1 domain 733:738 a highly conserved SRCR domain 709:738 a highly conserved SRCR domain 709:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 2 53 theme cysteine-rich 554:566 arg1 domain 575:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 7 54 from β-sheet 1258:1264 arg1 mutants 1247:1253 the SRCR mutants 1238:1253 the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation 1238:1308 Alternatively, the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation obstructed receptor's N-glycosylation and surface targeting. 26892079 7 55 theme SRCR 1242:1245 arg1 mutants 1247:1253 the SRCR mutants 1238:1253 the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation 1238:1308 Alternatively, the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation obstructed receptor's N-glycosylation and surface targeting. 26892079 8 56 theme N-glycan 1406:1413 arg1 moiety 1415:1420 N-glycan moiety 1406:1420 N-glycan moiety 1406:1420 CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that N-glycan moiety is more critical than SRCR domain for SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization. 26892079 2 57 theme receptor 545:552 arg1 domain 575:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 5 58 theme SR-AI 989:993 arg1 mutations 1005:1013 SR-AI harboring mutations 989:1013 SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) 989:1078 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 7 59 theme surface 1352:1358 arg1 targeting 1360:1368 surface targeting 1352:1368 surface targeting 1352:1368 Alternatively, the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation obstructed receptor's N-glycosylation and surface targeting. 26892079 2 60 theme scavenger 535:543 arg1 domain 575:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 535:580 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 3 61 theme collagenous 635:645 arg1 structure 647:655 collagenous structure 635:655 collagenous structure (MARCO) 635:663 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 3 61 theme collagenous 635:645 arg1 MARCO 658:662 MARCO 658:662 MARCO 658:662 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 5 62 theme oAβ 930:932 arg1 internalization 934:948 oAβ internalization 930:948 oAβ internalization 930:948 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 63 gly N-glycosylation 1023:1037 arg2 sites 1039:1043 dual N-glycosylation sites 1018:1043 dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) 1018:1078 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 63 gly N-glycosylation 1023:1037 arg2 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 N143Q-N184Q 1067:1077 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 5 63 gly N-glycosylation 1023:1037 arg2 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 N120Q-N143Q 1051:1061 RESULT: We found that oAβ internalization was diminished in the cells expressing SR-AI harboring mutations of dual N-glycosylation sites (i.e. N120Q-N143Q and N143Q-N184Q) while they were normally surface targeted. 26892079 3 64 theme similar 759:765 arg1 role 767:770 the similar role 755:770 the similar role 755:770 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 4 65 theme MARCO 862:866 arg1 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 MARCO 862:866 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 65 theme MARCO 862:866 arg1 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 SR-AI 852:856 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 65 theme MARCO 862:866 arg1 N-glycosylation 817:831 N-glycosylation 817:831 N-glycosylation 817:831 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 4 65 theme MARCO 862:866 arg1 domain 842:847 SRCR domain 837:847 SRCR domain 837:847 However, the role of N-glycosylation and SRCR domain of SR-AI and MARCO on oAβ internalization remains unclear. 26892079 7 66 theme bone 1295:1298 arg1 formation 1300:1308 disulfide bone formation 1285:1308 disulfide bone formation 1285:1308 Alternatively, the SRCR mutants at β-sheet and α-helix and on disulfide bone formation obstructed receptor's N-glycosylation and surface targeting. 26892079 2 67 theme SR-A 417:420 arg1 type 422:425 SR-A type I 417:427 especially SR-A type I (SR-AI) 406:435 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 67 theme SR-A 417:420 arg1 SR-AI 430:434 SR-AI 430:434 SR-AI 430:434 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 67 theme SR-A 417:420 arg1 A 396:396 scavenger receptor A 377:396 scavenger receptor A (SR-A) 377:403 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 68 theme scavenger 377:385 arg1 type 422:425 SR-A type I 417:427 especially SR-A type I (SR-AI) 406:435 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 68 theme scavenger 377:385 arg1 SR-A 399:402 SR-A 399:402 SR-A 399:402 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 68 theme scavenger 377:385 arg1 A 396:396 scavenger receptor A 377:396 scavenger receptor A (SR-A) 377:403 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 2 68 theme scavenger 377:385 arg1 receptors 461:469 prominent scavenger receptors 441:469 prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role 441:607 Our previous studies have indentified scavenger receptor A (SR-A), especially SR-A type I (SR-AI), as prominent scavenger receptors on mediating oAβ clearance by microglia while glycan moiety and scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain may play the critical role. 26892079 3 69 with superfamily 692:702 arg1 domain 733:738 a highly conserved SRCR domain 709:738 a highly conserved SRCR domain 709:738 Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), another member of class A superfamily with a highly conserved SRCR domain, may also play the similar role on oAβ internalization. 26892079 0 70 theme cysteine-rich 53:65 arg1 domain 67:72 the cysteine-rich domain 49:72 the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO 49:150 Identifying N-linked glycan moiety and motifs in the cysteine-rich domain critical for N-glycosylation and intracellular trafficking of SR-AI and MARCO. 26892079 8 71 theme SR-A-mediated 1460:1472 arg1 internalization 1478:1492 SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization 1460:1492 SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization 1460:1492 CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that N-glycan moiety is more critical than SRCR domain for SR-A-mediated oAβ internalization. 26892079 6 72 dep SR-AI-SRCR 1169:1178 arg1 mutants 1214:1220 surface targeted mutants 1197:1220 surface targeted mutants 1197:1220 Normal oAβ internalization was observed in 10 SR-AI-SRCR and 4 MARCO-SRCR surface targeted mutants. 28959962 10 0 theme complex 1727:1733 arg1 systems 1746:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 6 1 theme confirmed 922:930 arg1 glycoproteins 932:944 experimentally confirmed glycoproteins 907:944 experimentally confirmed glycoproteins 907:944 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 4 2 theme intact 552:557 arg1 glycopeptides 559:571 intact glycopeptides 552:571 intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets 552:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 7 3 theme sister 1195:1200 arg1 cells 1207:1211 sister stem cells 1195:1211 sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1 1195:1296 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 8 4 contain carry 1397:1401 arg2 sugar 1428:1432 a fucosylation-dependent sugar 1403:1432 a fucosylation-dependent sugar 1403:1432 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 8 4 contain carry 1397:1401 arg1 proteins 1383:1390 proteins 1383:1390 proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity 1383:1456 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 4 5 theme associated 717:726 arg1 proteins 728:735 the associated proteins 713:735 the associated proteins at the proteome scale 713:757 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 6 6 gly glycoproteins 932:944 arg1 glycoproteins 932:944 experimentally confirmed glycoproteins 907:944 experimentally confirmed glycoproteins 907:944 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 9 7 theme proteins 1498:1505 arg1 subset 1482:1487 a subset 1480:1487 a subset of these proteins 1480:1505 Mutations disrupting a subset of these proteins render cells ricin resistant, revealing new players that orchestrate ricin toxicity. 28959962 6 8 theme glycoproteins 932:944 arg1 number 897:902 the number 893:902 the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins 893:944 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 3 9 dep identification 395:408 arg1 the 391:393 the 391:393 the 391:393 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 2 10 theme diverse 297:303 arg1 processes 328:336 diverse fundamental biological processes 297:336 diverse fundamental biological processes 297:336 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 10 11 theme protein 1677:1683 arg1 glycosylation 1685:1697 protein glycosylation 1677:1697 protein glycosylation 1677:1697 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 0 12 from players 57:63 arg1 toxicity 74:81 ricin toxicity 68:81 ricin toxicity 68:81 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. 28959962 10 13 gly glycosylation 1685:1697 arg1 systems 1746:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 10 14 theme biological 1735:1744 arg1 systems 1746:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 8 15 theme fucosylation-dependent 1405:1426 arg1 sugar 1428:1432 a fucosylation-dependent sugar 1403:1432 a fucosylation-dependent sugar 1403:1432 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 9 16 theme new 1547:1549 arg1 players 1551:1557 new players 1547:1557 new players that orchestrate ricin toxicity 1547:1589 Mutations disrupting a subset of these proteins render cells ricin resistant, revealing new players that orchestrate ricin toxicity. 28959962 4 17 theme proteome 744:751 arg1 scale 753:757 the proteome scale 740:757 the proteome scale 740:757 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 10 18 from modifications 1710:1722 arg1 systems 1746:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 6 19 gly glycosylation 977:989 arg2 sites 991:995 previously unknown glycosylation sites 958:995 previously unknown glycosylation sites 958:995 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 7 20 contain carrying 1213:1220 arg1 cells 1207:1211 sister stem cells 1195:1211 sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1 1195:1296 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 7 20 contain carrying 1213:1220 arg2 mutations 1233:1241 repairable mutations 1222:1241 repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1 1222:1296 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 1 21 theme abundant 177:184 arg1 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 1 21 theme abundant 177:184 arg1 modification 205:216 the most abundant post-translational modification 168:216 the most abundant post-translational modification 168:216 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 5 22 theme embryonic 800:808 arg1 cells 815:819 embryonic stem cells 800:819 embryonic stem cells 800:819 We apply this method to human and mouse embryonic stem cells to illuminate the stem cell glycoproteome. 28959962 3 23 theme glycosylation 365:377 arg1 importance 351:360 the importance 347:360 the importance of glycosylation in biology 347:388 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 4 24 theme quantitative 518:529 arg1 approach 531:538 a novel quantitative approach 510:538 a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale 510:757 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 7 25 theme method 1169:1174 arg1 specificity 1150:1160 The specificity 1146:1160 The specificity of our method 1146:1174 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 6 26 from glycoproteins 1107:1119 arg1 cells 1139:1143 embryonic stem cells 1124:1143 embryonic stem cells 1124:1143 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 6 27 theme glycosylation 977:989 arg1 sites 991:995 previously unknown glycosylation sites 958:995 previously unknown glycosylation sites 958:995 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 4 28 theme novel 512:516 arg1 approach 531:538 a novel quantitative approach 510:538 a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale 510:757 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 10 29 theme genome-wide 1651:1661 arg1 insights 1663:1670 genome-wide insights 1651:1670 genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems 1651:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 10 30 theme glycan 1703:1708 arg1 modifications 1710:1722 glycan modifications 1703:1722 glycan modifications in complex biological systems 1703:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 3 31 theme glycoproteins 447:459 arg1 identification 395:408 identification 395:408 identification 395:408 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 3 31 theme glycoproteins 447:459 arg1 validation 425:434 functional validation 414:434 functional validation 414:434 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 0 32 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 glycoproteomics 12:26 Comparative glycoproteomics 0:26 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells 0:40 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. 28959962 7 33 theme repairable 1222:1231 arg1 mutations 1233:1241 repairable mutations 1222:1241 repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1 1222:1296 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 6 34 theme unknown 969:975 arg1 sites 991:995 previously unknown glycosylation sites 958:995 previously unknown glycosylation sites 958:995 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 2 35 theme biological 317:326 arg1 processes 328:336 diverse fundamental biological processes 297:336 diverse fundamental biological processes 297:336 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 7 36 from mutations 1233:1241 arg1 enzymes 1246:1252 enzymes 1246:1252 enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1 1246:1296 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 1 37 theme post-translational 186:203 arg1 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 1 37 theme post-translational 186:203 arg1 modification 205:216 the most abundant post-translational modification 168:216 the most abundant post-translational modification 168:216 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 0 38 theme stem 31:34 arg1 cells 36:40 stem cells 31:40 stem cells 31:40 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. 28959962 4 39 theme data 600:603 arg1 sets 605:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 5 40 dep human 784:788 arg1 cells 815:819 embryonic stem cells 800:819 embryonic stem cells 800:819 We apply this method to human and mouse embryonic stem cells to illuminate the stem cell glycoproteome. 28959962 6 41 gly glycosylated 1010:1021 arg1 factors 1032:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 2 42 theme fundamental 305:315 arg1 processes 328:336 diverse fundamental biological processes 297:336 diverse fundamental biological processes 297:336 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 5 43 theme cell 844:847 arg1 glycoproteome 849:861 the stem cell glycoproteome 835:861 the stem cell glycoproteome 835:861 We apply this method to human and mouse embryonic stem cells to illuminate the stem cell glycoproteome. 28959962 2 44 gly glycosylated 250:261 arg1 % 226:226 Over 50% 219:226 Over 50% of human proteins 219:244 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 2 44 gly glycosylated 250:261 arg1 proteins 237:244 human proteins 231:244 human proteins 231:244 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 6 45 theme glycosylated 1010:1021 arg1 factors 1032:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 6 46 theme conserved 1069:1077 arg1 glycoproteins 1107:1119 evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins 1054:1119 evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells 1054:1143 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 1 47 theme covalent 103:110 arg1 attachment 112:121 the covalent attachment 99:121 the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins 99:162 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 1 47 theme covalent 103:110 arg1 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 6 48 theme multiple 1001:1008 arg1 factors 1032:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 2 49 theme proteins 237:244 arg1 % 226:226 Over 50% 219:226 Over 50% of human proteins 219:244 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 2 49 theme proteins 237:244 arg1 proteins 237:244 human proteins 231:244 human proteins 231:244 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 6 50 theme stem 1134:1137 arg1 cells 1139:1143 embryonic stem cells 1124:1143 embryonic stem cells 1124:1143 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 7 51 theme stem 1202:1205 arg1 cells 1207:1211 sister stem cells 1195:1211 sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1 1195:1296 The specificity of our method is confirmed using sister stem cells carrying repairable mutations in enzymes required for fucosylation, Fut9 and Slc35c1. 28959962 0 52 theme cells 36:40 arg1 glycoproteomics 12:26 Comparative glycoproteomics 0:26 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells 0:40 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. 28959962 3 53 theme complex 439:445 arg1 glycoproteins 447:459 complex glycoproteins 439:459 complex glycoproteins 439:459 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 2 54 theme human 231:235 arg1 proteins 237:244 human proteins 231:244 human proteins 231:244 Over 50% of human proteins are glycosylated, which alters their activities in diverse fundamental biological processes. 28959962 4 55 from sets 605:608 arg1 glycopeptides 559:571 intact glycopeptides 552:571 intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets 552:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 3 56 theme functional 414:423 arg1 validation 425:434 functional validation 414:434 functional validation 414:434 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 6 57 theme species-specific 1090:1105 arg1 glycoproteins 1107:1119 evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins 1054:1119 evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells 1054:1143 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 6 58 theme stemness 1023:1030 arg1 factors 1032:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 multiple glycosylated stemness factors 1001:1038 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 8 59 theme ricin 1443:1447 arg1 toxicity 1449:1456 ricin toxicity 1443:1456 ricin toxicity 1443:1456 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 9 60 theme ricin 1576:1580 arg1 toxicity 1582:1589 ricin toxicity 1576:1589 ricin toxicity 1576:1589 Mutations disrupting a subset of these proteins render cells ricin resistant, revealing new players that orchestrate ricin toxicity. 28959962 0 61 theme new 53:55 arg1 players 57:63 new players 53:63 new players in ricin toxicity 53:81 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. 28959962 4 62 theme proteomic 590:598 arg1 sets 605:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 6 63 gly glycoproteins 1107:1119 arg1 glycoproteins 1107:1119 evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins 1054:1119 evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells 1054:1143 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 4 64 from scale 753:757 arg1 proteins 728:735 the associated proteins 713:735 the associated proteins at the proteome scale 713:757 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 4 65 theme comparative 578:588 arg1 sets 605:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 10 66 theme glycoproteomics 1608:1622 arg1 SugarQb 1634:1640 SugarQb 1634:1640 SugarQb 1634:1640 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 10 66 theme glycoproteomics 1608:1622 arg1 platform 1624:1631 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform 1592:1631 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform 1592:1631 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 8 67 dep carry 1397:1401 arg1 code 1434:1437 code 1434:1437 carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity 1397:1456 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 1 68 theme carbohydrate 126:137 arg1 structures 139:148 carbohydrate structures 126:148 carbohydrate structures 126:148 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 4 69 theme complex 641:647 arg1 structures 656:665 complex glycan structures 641:665 complex glycan structures 641:665 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 10 70 theme comparative 1596:1606 arg1 SugarQb 1634:1640 SugarQb 1634:1640 SugarQb 1634:1640 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 10 70 theme comparative 1596:1606 arg1 platform 1624:1631 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform 1592:1631 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform 1592:1631 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 10 71 from glycosylation 1685:1697 arg1 systems 1746:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 complex biological systems 1727:1752 Our comparative glycoproteomics platform, SugarQb, enables genome-wide insights into protein glycosylation and glycan modifications in complex biological systems. 28959962 5 72 theme stem 839:842 arg1 glycoproteome 849:861 the stem cell glycoproteome 835:861 the stem cell glycoproteome 835:861 We apply this method to human and mouse embryonic stem cells to illuminate the stem cell glycoproteome. 28959962 4 73 gly glycopeptides 559:571 arg2 glycopeptides 559:571 intact glycopeptides 552:571 intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets 552:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 4 73 gly glycopeptides 559:571 arg1 sets 605:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 comparative proteomic data sets 578:608 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28959962 1 74 theme structures 139:148 arg1 attachment 112:121 the covalent attachment 99:121 the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins 99:162 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 1 74 theme structures 139:148 arg1 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation 84:96 Glycosylation, the covalent attachment of carbohydrate structures onto proteins, is the most abundant post-translational modification. 28959962 0 75 theme ricin 68:72 arg1 toxicity 74:81 ricin toxicity 68:81 ricin toxicity 68:81 Comparative glycoproteomics of stem cells identifies new players in ricin toxicity. 28959962 3 76 from importance 351:360 arg1 biology 382:388 biology 382:388 biology 382:388 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 8 77 theme bioweapon 1350:1358 arg1 ricin 1360:1364 the bioweapon ricin 1346:1364 the bioweapon ricin 1346:1364 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 6 78 theme embryonic 1124:1132 arg1 cells 1139:1143 embryonic stem cells 1124:1143 embryonic stem cells 1124:1143 This analysis nearly doubles the number of experimentally confirmed glycoproteins, identifies previously unknown glycosylation sites and multiple glycosylated stemness factors, and uncovers evolutionarily conserved as well as species-specific glycoproteins in embryonic stem cells. 28959962 5 79 theme stem 810:813 arg1 cells 815:819 embryonic stem cells 800:819 embryonic stem cells 800:819 We apply this method to human and mouse embryonic stem cells to illuminate the stem cell glycoproteome. 28959962 3 80 gly glycoproteins 447:459 arg1 glycoproteins 447:459 complex glycoproteins 439:459 complex glycoproteins 439:459 Despite the importance of glycosylation in biology, the identification and functional validation of complex glycoproteins has remained largely unexplored. 28959962 8 81 theme fucosylation 1311:1322 arg1 Ablation 1299:1306 Ablation 1299:1306 Ablation of fucosylation 1299:1322 Ablation of fucosylation confers resistance to the bioweapon ricin, and we discover proteins that carry a fucosylation-dependent sugar code for ricin toxicity. 28959962 4 82 theme glycan 649:654 arg1 structures 656:665 complex glycan structures 641:665 complex glycan structures 641:665 Here we develop a novel quantitative approach to identify intact glycopeptides from comparative proteomic data sets, allowing us not only to infer complex glycan structures but also to directly map them to sites within the associated proteins at the proteome scale. 28019699 4 0 theme domain 901:906 arg1 forms 869:873 the monomeric and dimeric forms 843:873 the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain 843:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 0 1 theme receptor 62:69 arg1 stability 15:23 Conformational stability 0:23 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 0:69 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 3 2 theme protein 685:691 arg1 stability 708:716 the protein conformational stability 681:716 the protein conformational stability 681:716 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 4 3 theme extracellular 887:899 arg1 domain 901:906 the EGFR extracellular domain 878:906 the EGFR extracellular domain 878:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 1 4 theme epidermal 145:153 arg1 receptor 169:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor 141:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 141:183 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 4 theme epidermal 145:153 arg1 kinase 228:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase 188:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 4 theme epidermal 145:153 arg1 EGFR 179:182 EGFR 179:182 EGFR 179:182 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 4 5 theme moieties 968:975 arg1 absence 948:954 absence 948:954 absence 948:954 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 4 5 theme moieties 968:975 arg1 presence 935:942 presence 935:942 presence 935:942 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 3 6 theme conformational 693:706 arg1 stability 708:716 the protein conformational stability 681:716 the protein conformational stability 681:716 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 3 7 theme dimerization 545:556 arg1 importance 513:522 the importance 509:522 the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes 509:632 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 4 8 theme dynamics 757:764 arg1 simulations 766:776 Molecular dynamics simulations 747:776 Molecular dynamics simulations 747:776 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 4 9 theme N-glycan 959:966 arg1 moieties 968:975 N-glycan moieties 959:975 N-glycan moieties 959:975 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 3 10 from effects 648:654 arg1 stability 708:716 the protein conformational stability 681:716 the protein conformational stability 681:716 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 1 11 gly glycoprotein 215:226 arg1 glycoprotein 215:226 an important transmembrane glycoprotein 188:226 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 3 12 theme glycosylation 527:539 arg1 importance 513:522 the importance 509:522 the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes 509:632 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 1 13 theme growth 155:160 arg1 receptor 169:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor 141:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 141:183 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 13 theme growth 155:160 arg1 kinase 228:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase 188:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 13 theme growth 155:160 arg1 EGFR 179:182 EGFR 179:182 EGFR 179:182 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 4 14 dep presence 935:942 arg1 the 931:933 the 931:933 the 931:933 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 4 15 theme forms 869:873 arg1 preferences 828:838 the conformational preferences 809:838 the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain 809:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 6 16 theme large-scale 1206:1216 arg1 mechanism 1234:1242 a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism 1204:1242 a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism 1204:1242 The findings also support that EGF-EGFR binding takes place through a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism. 28019699 1 17 theme factor 162:167 arg1 receptor 169:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor 141:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 141:183 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 17 theme factor 162:167 arg1 kinase 228:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase 188:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 17 theme factor 162:167 arg1 EGFR 179:182 EGFR 179:182 EGFR 179:182 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 2 18 theme tyrosine 440:447 arg1 autophosphorylation 449:467 tyrosine autophosphorylation 440:467 tyrosine autophosphorylation 440:467 These processes occur after EGFR binds to a ligand [epidermal growth factor (EGF)], thus inducing its dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation. 28019699 4 19 theme EGFR 882:885 arg1 domain 901:906 the EGFR extracellular domain 878:906 the EGFR extracellular domain 878:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 4 20 theme Molecular 747:755 arg1 simulations 766:776 Molecular dynamics simulations 747:776 Molecular dynamics simulations 747:776 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 2 21 theme [epidermal 372:381 arg1 EGF 398:400 EGF 398:400 EGF 398:400 These processes occur after EGFR binds to a ligand [epidermal growth factor (EGF)], thus inducing its dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation. 28019699 2 21 theme [epidermal 372:381 arg1 factor 390:395 [epidermal growth factor 372:395 [epidermal growth factor (EGF) 372:401 These processes occur after EGFR binds to a ligand [epidermal growth factor (EGF)], thus inducing its dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation. 28019699 0 22 theme Conformational 0:13 arg1 stability 15:23 Conformational stability 0:23 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 0:69 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 5 23 theme conformational 1044:1057 arg1 stability 1059:1067 the most conformational stability 1035:1067 the most conformational stability to EGFR 1035:1075 Structural stability analyses revealed that EGF provides the most conformational stability to EGFR, followed by glycosylation and dimerization, respectively. 28019699 1 24 theme signal 278:283 arg1 cascades 298:305 signal transduction cascades 278:305 signal transduction cascades within cells 278:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 6 25 theme induced-fitting 1218:1232 arg1 mechanism 1234:1242 a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism 1204:1242 a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism 1204:1242 The findings also support that EGF-EGFR binding takes place through a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism. 28019699 3 26 theme proper 572:577 arg1 function 579:586 proper function 572:586 proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes 572:632 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 0 27 theme growth 42:47 arg1 EGF 57:59 EGF 57:59 EGF 57:59 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 0 27 theme growth 42:47 arg1 factor 49:54 epidermal growth factor 32:54 the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 28:69 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 1 28 theme transduction 285:296 arg1 cascades 298:305 signal transduction cascades 278:305 signal transduction cascades within cells 278:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 0 29 theme hormone 124:130 arg1 binding 132:138 EGF hormone binding 120:138 EGF hormone binding 120:138 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 4 30 theme monomeric 847:855 arg1 forms 869:873 the monomeric and dimeric forms 843:873 the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain 843:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 0 31 theme epidermal 32:40 arg1 EGF 57:59 EGF 57:59 EGF 57:59 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 0 31 theme epidermal 32:40 arg1 factor 49:54 epidermal growth factor 32:54 the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 28:69 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 1 32 theme cascades 298:305 arg1 perpetuation 262:273 perpetuation 262:273 perpetuation 262:273 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 32 theme cascades 298:305 arg1 initiation 248:257 initiation 248:257 initiation 248:257 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 0 33 theme EGF 120:122 arg1 binding 132:138 EGF hormone binding 120:138 EGF hormone binding 120:138 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 3 34 theme conformation 608:619 arg1 function 579:586 proper function 572:586 proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes 572:632 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 3 35 dep receptor 595:602 arg1 the 591:593 the 591:593 the 591:593 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 4 36 theme dimeric 861:867 arg1 forms 869:873 the monomeric and dimeric forms 843:873 the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain 843:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 0 37 theme factor 49:54 arg1 receptor 62:69 the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 28:69 the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 28:69 Conformational stability of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor as influenced by glycosylation, dimerization and EGF hormone binding. 28019699 1 38 dep initiation 248:257 arg1 the 244:246 the 244:246 the 244:246 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 3 39 theme receptor 595:602 arg1 function 579:586 proper function 572:586 proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes 572:632 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 6 40 theme EGF-EGFR 1167:1174 arg1 binding 1176:1182 EGF-EGFR binding 1167:1182 EGF-EGFR binding 1167:1182 The findings also support that EGF-EGFR binding takes place through a large-scale induced-fitting mechanism. 28019699 4 41 theme conformational 813:826 arg1 preferences 828:838 the conformational preferences 809:838 the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain 809:906 Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to characterize the conformational preferences of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGFR extracellular domain upon binding to EGF in the presence and absence of N-glycan moieties. 28019699 1 42 theme important 191:199 arg1 glycoprotein 215:226 an important transmembrane glycoprotein 188:226 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 5 43 theme stability 989:997 arg1 analyses 999:1006 Structural stability analyses 978:1006 Structural stability analyses 978:1006 Structural stability analyses revealed that EGF provides the most conformational stability to EGFR, followed by glycosylation and dimerization, respectively. 28019699 3 44 theme Previous 470:477 arg1 publications 479:490 Previous publications 470:490 Previous publications 470:490 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 3 45 from function 579:586 arg1 membranes 624:632 membranes 624:632 membranes 624:632 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 1 46 theme transmembrane 201:213 arg1 glycoprotein 215:226 an important transmembrane glycoprotein 188:226 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 3 47 theme associations 665:676 arg1 effects 648:654 the effects 644:654 the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability 644:716 Previous publications have highlighted the importance of glycosylation and dimerization for promoting proper function of the receptor and conformation in membranes; however, the effects of these associations on the protein conformational stability have not yet been described. 28019699 5 48 theme Structural 978:987 arg1 analyses 999:1006 Structural stability analyses 978:1006 Structural stability analyses 978:1006 Structural stability analyses revealed that EGF provides the most conformational stability to EGFR, followed by glycosylation and dimerization, respectively. 28019699 2 49 theme growth 383:388 arg1 EGF 398:400 EGF 398:400 EGF 398:400 These processes occur after EGFR binds to a ligand [epidermal growth factor (EGF)], thus inducing its dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation. 28019699 2 49 theme growth 383:388 arg1 factor 390:395 [epidermal growth factor 372:395 [epidermal growth factor (EGF) 372:401 These processes occur after EGFR binds to a ligand [epidermal growth factor (EGF)], thus inducing its dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation. 28019699 1 50 theme glycoprotein 215:226 arg1 receptor 169:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor 141:176 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 141:183 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 1 50 theme glycoprotein 215:226 arg1 kinase 228:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase 188:233 an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells 188:318 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important transmembrane glycoprotein kinase involved the initiation or perpetuation of signal transduction cascades within cells. 28019699 5 51 theme most 1039:1042 arg1 stability 1059:1067 the most conformational stability 1035:1067 the most conformational stability to EGFR 1035:1075 Structural stability analyses revealed that EGF provides the most conformational stability to EGFR, followed by glycosylation and dimerization, respectively. 28019699 8 52 dep © 1272:1272 arg1 Inc. 1298:1301 Inc. 1298:1301 Inc. 1298:1301 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 28821844 6 0 theme exposed 969:975 arg1 regions 977:983 solvent exposed regions 961:983 solvent exposed regions 961:983 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 2 1 theme glycoproteins 361:373 arg1 folding 345:351 productive folding 334:351 productive folding of many glycoproteins 334:373 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 2 2 theme many 356:359 arg1 glycoproteins 361:373 many glycoproteins 356:373 many glycoproteins 356:373 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 7 3 theme pathway 1206:1212 arg1 evolution 1170:1178 the evolution 1166:1178 the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway 1166:1212 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 7 4 theme pathway 1117:1123 arg1 proteins 1125:1132 secretory pathway proteins 1107:1132 secretory pathway proteins 1107:1132 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 3 5 gly N-glycosylation 523:537 arg2 sequon 539:544 an N-glycosylation'sequon' 520:545 an N-glycosylation'sequon' 520:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 6 6 from pressure 879:886 arg1 proteins 909:916 secretory pathway proteins 891:916 secretory pathway proteins 891:916 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 6 7 theme pathway 901:907 arg1 proteins 909:916 secretory pathway proteins 891:916 secretory pathway proteins 891:916 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 7 8 theme proteins 1125:1132 arg1 signatures 1093:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures 1067:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins 1067:1132 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 2 9 theme biological 292:301 arg1 functions 303:311 multiple structural and biological functions 268:311 multiple structural and biological functions 268:311 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 7 10 theme efficient 1186:1194 arg1 pathway 1206:1212 an efficient secretory pathway 1183:1212 an efficient secretory pathway 1183:1212 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 6 11 theme secretory 891:899 arg1 proteins 909:916 secretory pathway proteins 891:916 secretory pathway proteins 891:916 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 5 12 theme secretory 781:789 arg1 pathway 791:797 the secretory pathway 777:797 the secretory pathway 777:797 Thus, an analogous process must have occurred during evolution, whenever ancestrally cytosolic proteins were recruited to the secretory pathway. 28821844 5 13 theme cytosolic 740:748 arg1 proteins 750:757 ancestrally cytosolic proteins 728:757 ancestrally cytosolic proteins 728:757 Thus, an analogous process must have occurred during evolution, whenever ancestrally cytosolic proteins were recruited to the secretory pathway. 28821844 0 14 from Pressure 42:49 arg1 Proteins 75:82 Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 54:82 Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 54:82 N-glycosylation Triggers a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins. 28821844 1 15 gly N-glycosylated 192:205 arg2 most 165:168 most 165:168 most 165:168 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 15 gly N-glycosylated 192:205 arg1 proteins 179:186 these proteins 173:186 these proteins 173:186 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 15 gly N-glycosylated 192:205 arg1 lumen 214:218 the lumen 210:218 the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum 210:247 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 15 gly N-glycosylated 192:205 arg2 proteins 179:186 these proteins 173:186 these proteins 173:186 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 15 gly N-glycosylated 192:205 arg1 most 165:168 most 165:168 most 165:168 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 2 16 theme structural 277:286 arg1 functions 303:311 multiple structural and biological functions 268:311 multiple structural and biological functions 268:311 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 4 17 theme N-glycan 645:652 arg1 effect 627:632 the destabilizing effect 609:632 the destabilizing effect of a bulky N-glycan 609:652 Mutations that create novel sequons can cause disease due to the destabilizing effect of a bulky N-glycan. 28821844 7 18 theme evolutionary 1080:1091 arg1 signatures 1093:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures 1067:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins 1067:1132 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 3 19 theme asparagine 450:459 arg1 residues 461:468 selected asparagine residues 441:468 selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon' 441:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 7 20 theme signatures 1093:1102 arg1 signatures 1093:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures 1067:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins 1067:1132 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 7 20 theme signatures 1093:1102 arg1 one 1060:1062 one 1060:1062 one 1060:1062 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 6 21 theme dual 864:867 arg1 pressure 879:886 a dual selection pressure 862:886 a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins 862:916 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 0 22 theme Dual 27:30 arg1 Pressure 42:49 a Dual Selection Pressure 25:49 a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 25:82 N-glycosylation Triggers a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins. 28821844 4 23 theme novel 570:574 arg1 sequons 576:582 novel sequons 570:582 novel sequons 570:582 Mutations that create novel sequons can cause disease due to the destabilizing effect of a bulky N-glycan. 28821844 7 24 theme sharpest 1071:1078 arg1 signatures 1093:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures 1067:1102 the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins 1067:1132 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 6 25 theme selection 869:877 arg1 pressure 879:886 a dual selection pressure 862:886 a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins 862:916 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 6 26 theme solvent 961:967 arg1 regions 977:983 solvent exposed regions 961:983 solvent exposed regions 961:983 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 4 27 theme bulky 639:643 arg1 N-glycan 645:652 a bulky N-glycan 637:652 a bulky N-glycan 637:652 Mutations that create novel sequons can cause disease due to the destabilizing effect of a bulky N-glycan. 28821844 3 28 theme sequence 477:484 arg1 N-X-S/T 486:492 the sequence N-X-S/T 473:492 the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P) 473:500 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 3 28 theme sequence 477:484 arg1 motif 505:509 a motif 503:509 a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon' 503:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 3 28 theme sequence 477:484 arg1 X ≠ P 495:499 X ≠ P 495:499 X ≠ P 495:499 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 0 29 theme Selection 32:40 arg1 Pressure 42:49 a Dual Selection Pressure 25:49 a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 25:82 N-glycosylation Triggers a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins. 28821844 2 30 gly glycoproteins 361:373 arg1 glycoproteins 361:373 many glycoproteins 356:373 many glycoproteins 356:373 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 4 31 theme destabilizing 613:625 arg1 effect 627:632 the destabilizing effect 609:632 the destabilizing effect of a bulky N-glycan 609:652 Mutations that create novel sequons can cause disease due to the destabilizing effect of a bulky N-glycan. 28821844 7 32 theme secretory 1196:1204 arg1 pathway 1206:1212 an efficient secretory pathway 1183:1212 an efficient secretory pathway 1183:1212 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 0 33 theme Eukaryotic 54:63 arg1 Proteins 75:82 Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 54:82 Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 54:82 N-glycosylation Triggers a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins. 28821844 1 34 from lumen 214:218 arg1 N-glycosylated 192:205 N-glycosylated 192:205 N-glycosylated 192:205 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 35 theme eukaryotic 109:118 arg1 proteome 120:127 the eukaryotic proteome 105:127 the eukaryotic proteome 105:127 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 3 36 theme oligosaccharide 422:436 arg1 attachment 405:414 the attachment 401:414 the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon' 401:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 5 37 theme analogous 664:672 arg1 process 674:680 an analogous process 661:680 an analogous process 661:680 Thus, an analogous process must have occurred during evolution, whenever ancestrally cytosolic proteins were recruited to the secretory pathway. 28821844 7 38 theme secretory 1107:1115 arg1 proteins 1125:1132 secretory pathway proteins 1107:1132 secretory pathway proteins 1107:1132 This process is one of the sharpest evolutionary signatures of secretory pathway proteins, and was therefore critical for the evolution of an efficient secretory pathway. 28821844 1 39 from N-glycosylated 192:205 arg1 lumen 214:218 the lumen 210:218 the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum 210:247 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 40 theme proteome 120:127 arg1 third 96:100 third 96:100 third 96:100 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 3 41 attach attachment 405:414 arg2 oligosaccharide 422:436 an oligosaccharide 419:436 an oligosaccharide 419:436 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 3 41 attach attachment 405:414 arg1 residues 461:468 selected asparagine residues 441:468 selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon' 441:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 2 42 theme multiple 268:275 arg1 functions 303:311 multiple structural and biological functions 268:311 multiple structural and biological functions 268:311 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 2 43 theme productive 334:343 arg1 folding 345:351 productive folding 334:351 productive folding of many glycoproteins 334:373 N-glycans fulfill multiple structural and biological functions, and are crucial for productive folding of many glycoproteins. 28821844 6 44 theme buried 1030:1035 arg1 sites 1037:1041 buried sites 1030:1041 buried sites 1030:1041 Here, we show that during evolution N-glycosylation triggered a dual selection pressure on secretory pathway proteins: while sequons were positively selected in solvent exposed regions, they were almost completely eliminated from buried sites. 28821844 3 45 from residues 461:468 arg1 N-X-S/T 486:492 the sequence N-X-S/T 473:492 the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P) 473:500 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 3 45 from residues 461:468 arg1 motif 505:509 a motif 503:509 a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon' 503:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 3 45 from residues 461:468 arg1 X ≠ P 495:499 X ≠ P 495:499 X ≠ P 495:499 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 1 46 theme secretory 143:151 arg1 pathway 153:159 the secretory pathway 139:159 the secretory pathway 139:159 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 1 47 theme endoplasmic 227:237 arg1 reticulum 239:247 the endoplasmic reticulum 223:247 the endoplasmic reticulum 223:247 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 28821844 0 48 theme Secretory 65:73 arg1 Proteins 75:82 Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 54:82 Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins 54:82 N-glycosylation Triggers a Dual Selection Pressure in Eukaryotic Secretory Proteins. 28821844 3 49 theme selected 441:448 arg1 residues 461:468 selected asparagine residues 441:468 selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon' 441:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 3 50 theme N-glycosylation 523:537 arg1 sequon 539:544 an N-glycosylation'sequon' 520:545 an N-glycosylation'sequon' 520:545 N-glycosylation involves the attachment of an oligosaccharide to selected asparagine residues in the sequence N-X-S/T (X ≠ P), a motif known as an N-glycosylation'sequon'. 28821844 1 51 theme reticulum 239:247 arg1 lumen 214:218 the lumen 210:218 the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum 210:247 Nearly one third of the eukaryotic proteome traverses the secretory pathway and most of these proteins are N-glycosylated in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 25000122 5 0 theme WT 698:699 arg1 OPNs 692:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 0 theme WT 698:699 arg1 -OPN 712:715 WT (wild-type)-OPN 698:715 WT (wild-type)-OPN 698:715 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 1 1 theme important 174:182 arg1 roles 184:188 important roles 174:188 important roles 174:188 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 5 2 theme threonine/proline-rich 786:807 arg1 region 809:814 a threonine/proline-rich region 784:814 a threonine/proline-rich region 784:814 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 9 3 theme dephosphorylated 1238:1253 arg1 ΔO-OPN 1255:1260 dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN 1238:1260 dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN 1238:1260 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 7 4 theme spreading 982:990 arg1 activities 1005:1014 enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities 968:1014 enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities 968:1014 Moreover, compared with WT-OPN, ΔO-OPN exhibited enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities and decreased associations with β1 integrins. 25000122 5 5 theme wild-type 702:710 arg1 OPNs 692:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 5 theme wild-type 702:710 arg1 -OPN 712:715 WT (wild-type)-OPN 698:715 WT (wild-type)-OPN 698:715 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 9 6 theme cell-adhesion 1212:1224 arg1 activity 1226:1233 The cell-adhesion activity 1208:1233 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN 1208:1260 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 9 6 theme cell-adhesion 1212:1224 arg1 higher 1266:1271 higher 1266:1271 higher 1266:1271 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 4 7 theme phosphorylation 640:654 arg1 status 656:661 its phosphorylation status 636:661 its phosphorylation status 636:661 In the present study, we demonstrated that OPN O-glycosylation self-regulates its biological activities and also affects its phosphorylation status. 25000122 11 8 theme functional 1500:1509 arg1 activities 1511:1520 Thus functional activities 1495:1520 Thus functional activities of OPN 1495:1527 Thus functional activities of OPN can be determined by the combined glycosylation and phosphorylation statuses and not by either status alone. 25000122 8 9 contain have 1158:1161 arg1 integrins 1148:1156 β1 integrins 1145:1156 β1 integrins 1145:1156 This suggested that defects in O-glycans in OPN altered these activities, and that β1 integrins have a less important role in adhesion to ΔO-OPN. 25000122 8 9 contain have 1158:1161 arg2 role 1180:1183 a less important role 1163:1183 a less important role 1163:1183 This suggested that defects in O-glycans in OPN altered these activities, and that β1 integrins have a less important role in adhesion to ΔO-OPN. 25000122 7 10 theme adhesion 996:1003 arg1 activities 1005:1014 enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities 968:1014 enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities 968:1014 Moreover, compared with WT-OPN, ΔO-OPN exhibited enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities and decreased associations with β1 integrins. 25000122 5 11 theme O-glycosylation 759:773 arg1 sites 775:779 five O-glycosylation sites 754:779 five O-glycosylation sites 754:779 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 1 12 contain has 170:172 arg1 glycoprotein 150:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 1 12 contain has 170:172 arg2 roles 184:188 important roles 174:188 important roles 174:188 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 1 12 contain has 170:172 arg1 OPN 93:95 OPN 93:95 OPN (osteopontin) 93:109 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 5 13 theme recombinant 680:690 arg1 OPNs 692:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 13 theme recombinant 680:690 arg1 -OPN 712:715 WT (wild-type)-OPN 698:715 WT (wild-type)-OPN 698:715 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 13 theme recombinant 680:690 arg1 OPN 728:730 mutant OPN 721:730 mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN) 721:739 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 7 14 theme cell 977:980 arg1 spreading 982:990 cell spreading 977:990 cell spreading 977:990 Moreover, compared with WT-OPN, ΔO-OPN exhibited enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities and decreased associations with β1 integrins. 25000122 1 15 theme bone 193:196 arg1 remodelling 198:208 bone remodelling 193:208 bone remodelling 193:208 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 6 16 theme O-glycan 817:824 arg1 defects 826:832 O-glycan defects 817:832 O-glycan defects in OPN 817:839 O-glycan defects in OPN increased its phosphorylation level, as observed by dephosphorylation assays. 25000122 0 17 theme Osteopontin 0:10 arg1 O-glycosylation 12:26 Osteopontin O-glycosylation 0:26 Osteopontin O-glycosylation 0:26 Osteopontin O-glycosylation contributes to its phosphorylation and cell-adhesion properties. 25000122 4 18 theme biological 597:606 arg1 activities 608:617 its biological activities 593:617 its biological activities 593:617 In the present study, we demonstrated that OPN O-glycosylation self-regulates its biological activities and also affects its phosphorylation status. 25000122 9 19 theme dephosphorylated 1321:1336 arg1 WT-OPN 1338:1343 dephosphorylated WT-OPN 1321:1343 dephosphorylated WT-OPN 1321:1343 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 10 20 theme OPN 1467:1469 arg1 activity 1485:1492 the OPN cell-adhesion activity 1463:1492 the OPN cell-adhesion activity 1463:1492 This suggested that some of the phosphorylation in ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN suppressed the OPN cell-adhesion activity. 25000122 6 21 from defects 826:832 arg1 OPN 837:839 OPN 837:839 OPN 837:839 O-glycan defects in OPN increased its phosphorylation level, as observed by dephosphorylation assays. 25000122 7 22 theme enhanced 968:975 arg1 activities 1005:1014 enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities 968:1014 enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities 968:1014 Moreover, compared with WT-OPN, ΔO-OPN exhibited enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities and decreased associations with β1 integrins. 25000122 5 23 gly O-glycosylation 759:773 arg2 sites 775:779 five O-glycosylation sites 754:779 five O-glycosylation sites 754:779 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 23 gly O-glycosylation 759:773 arg2 five 754:757 five 754:757 five 754:757 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 8 24 from defects 1082:1088 arg1 OPN 1106:1108 OPN 1106:1108 OPN 1106:1108 This suggested that defects in O-glycans in OPN altered these activities, and that β1 integrins have a less important role in adhesion to ΔO-OPN. 25000122 8 24 from defects 1082:1088 arg1 O-glycans 1093:1101 O-glycans 1093:1101 O-glycans 1093:1101 This suggested that defects in O-glycans in OPN altered these activities, and that β1 integrins have a less important role in adhesion to ΔO-OPN. 25000122 2 25 theme several 328:334 arg1 integrins 336:344 several integrins 328:344 several integrins such as αvβ3 328:357 OPN regulates cell spreading and adhesion primarily through its association with several integrins such as αvβ3, and its phosphorylation affects these processes. 25000122 2 25 theme several 328:334 arg1 αvβ3 354:357 αvβ3 354:357 αvβ3 354:357 OPN regulates cell spreading and adhesion primarily through its association with several integrins such as αvβ3, and its phosphorylation affects these processes. 25000122 10 26 theme cell-adhesion 1471:1483 arg1 activity 1485:1492 the OPN cell-adhesion activity 1463:1492 the OPN cell-adhesion activity 1463:1492 This suggested that some of the phosphorylation in ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN suppressed the OPN cell-adhesion activity. 25000122 6 27 theme dephosphorylation 893:909 arg1 assays 911:916 dephosphorylation assays 893:916 dephosphorylation assays 893:916 O-glycan defects in OPN increased its phosphorylation level, as observed by dephosphorylation assays. 25000122 2 28 theme cell 261:264 arg1 spreading 266:274 cell spreading 261:274 cell spreading 261:274 OPN regulates cell spreading and adhesion primarily through its association with several integrins such as αvβ3, and its phosphorylation affects these processes. 25000122 11 29 theme OPN 1525:1527 arg1 activities 1511:1520 Thus functional activities 1495:1520 Thus functional activities of OPN 1495:1527 Thus functional activities of OPN can be determined by the combined glycosylation and phosphorylation statuses and not by either status alone. 25000122 1 30 theme cancer 228:233 arg1 metastasis 235:244 cancer metastasis 228:244 cancer metastasis 228:244 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 3 31 theme OPN 441:443 arg1 O-glycosylation 445:459 OPN O-glycosylation 441:459 OPN O-glycosylation 441:459 However, the mechanism by which OPN O-glycosylation affects these processes is not completely understood. 25000122 4 32 theme OPN 558:560 arg1 O-glycosylation 562:576 OPN O-glycosylation 558:576 OPN O-glycosylation 558:576 In the present study, we demonstrated that OPN O-glycosylation self-regulates its biological activities and also affects its phosphorylation status. 25000122 1 33 gly glycoprotein 150:161 arg1 glycoprotein 150:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 1 33 gly glycoprotein 150:161 arg1 OPN 93:95 OPN 93:95 OPN (osteopontin) 93:109 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 9 34 theme cell-adhesion 1282:1294 arg1 activities 1296:1305 the cell-adhesion activities 1278:1305 the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN 1278:1343 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 0 35 gly O-glycosylation 12:26 arg1 cell-adhesion 67:79 cell-adhesion properties 67:90 cell-adhesion properties 67:90 Osteopontin O-glycosylation contributes to its phosphorylation and cell-adhesion properties. 25000122 0 36 theme cell-adhesion 67:79 arg1 properties 81:90 cell-adhesion properties 67:90 cell-adhesion properties 67:90 Osteopontin O-glycosylation contributes to its phosphorylation and cell-adhesion properties. 25000122 11 37 theme combined 1554:1561 arg1 glycosylation 1563:1575 the combined glycosylation 1550:1575 the combined glycosylation 1550:1575 Thus functional activities of OPN can be determined by the combined glycosylation and phosphorylation statuses and not by either status alone. 25000122 4 38 theme present 522:528 arg1 study 530:534 the present study 518:534 the present study 518:534 In the present study, we demonstrated that OPN O-glycosylation self-regulates its biological activities and also affects its phosphorylation status. 25000122 1 39 theme multiphosphorylated 116:134 arg1 glycoprotein 150:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 1 39 theme multiphosphorylated 116:134 arg1 OPN 93:95 OPN 93:95 OPN (osteopontin) 93:109 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 8 40 theme β1 1145:1146 arg1 integrins 1148:1156 β1 integrins 1145:1156 β1 integrins 1145:1156 This suggested that defects in O-glycans in OPN altered these activities, and that β1 integrins have a less important role in adhesion to ΔO-OPN. 25000122 1 41 theme extracellular 136:148 arg1 glycoprotein 150:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein 114:161 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 1 41 theme extracellular 136:148 arg1 OPN 93:95 OPN 93:95 OPN (osteopontin) 93:109 OPN (osteopontin) is a multiphosphorylated extracellular glycoprotein, which has important roles in bone remodelling, inflammation and cancer metastasis. 25000122 5 42 theme mutant 721:726 arg1 OPNs 692:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 two recombinant OPNs 676:695 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 42 theme mutant 721:726 arg1 ΔO-OPN 733:738 ΔO-OPN 733:738 ΔO-OPN 733:738 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 5 42 theme mutant 721:726 arg1 OPN 728:730 mutant OPN 721:730 mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN) 721:739 We prepared two recombinant OPNs, WT (wild-type)-OPN and mutant OPN (ΔO-OPN), which lacks five O-glycosylation sites at a threonine/proline-rich region. 25000122 9 43 theme ΔO-OPN 1310:1315 arg1 activities 1296:1305 the cell-adhesion activities 1278:1305 the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN 1278:1343 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 10 44 theme OPN 1448:1450 arg1 O-glycans 1435:1443 O-glycans 1435:1443 O-glycans of OPN 1435:1450 This suggested that some of the phosphorylation in ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN suppressed the OPN cell-adhesion activity. 25000122 10 44 theme OPN 1448:1450 arg1 defects 1423:1429 O-glycan defects 1414:1429 O-glycan defects 1414:1429 This suggested that some of the phosphorylation in ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN suppressed the OPN cell-adhesion activity. 25000122 10 45 theme O-glycan 1414:1421 arg1 defects 1423:1429 O-glycan defects 1414:1429 O-glycan defects 1414:1429 This suggested that some of the phosphorylation in ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN suppressed the OPN cell-adhesion activity. 25000122 7 46 with associations 1030:1041 arg1 integrins 1051:1059 β1 integrins 1048:1059 β1 integrins 1048:1059 Moreover, compared with WT-OPN, ΔO-OPN exhibited enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities and decreased associations with β1 integrins. 25000122 8 47 theme important 1170:1178 arg1 role 1180:1183 a less important role 1163:1183 a less important role 1163:1183 This suggested that defects in O-glycans in OPN altered these activities, and that β1 integrins have a less important role in adhesion to ΔO-OPN. 25000122 6 48 theme phosphorylation 855:869 arg1 level 871:875 its phosphorylation level 851:875 its phosphorylation level 851:875 O-glycan defects in OPN increased its phosphorylation level, as observed by dephosphorylation assays. 25000122 7 49 theme β1 1048:1049 arg1 integrins 1051:1059 β1 integrins 1048:1059 β1 integrins 1048:1059 Moreover, compared with WT-OPN, ΔO-OPN exhibited enhanced cell spreading and adhesion activities and decreased associations with β1 integrins. 25000122 10 50 from phosphorylation 1378:1392 arg1 ΔO-OPN 1397:1402 ΔO-OPN 1397:1402 ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN 1397:1450 This suggested that some of the phosphorylation in ΔO-OPN caused by O-glycan defects and O-glycans of OPN suppressed the OPN cell-adhesion activity. 25000122 9 51 theme ΔO-OPN 1255:1260 arg1 activity 1226:1233 The cell-adhesion activity 1208:1233 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN 1208:1260 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 9 51 theme ΔO-OPN 1255:1260 arg1 higher 1266:1271 higher 1266:1271 higher 1266:1271 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 9 52 theme WT-OPN 1338:1343 arg1 activities 1296:1305 the cell-adhesion activities 1278:1305 the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN 1278:1343 The cell-adhesion activity of dephosphorylated ΔO-OPN was higher than the cell-adhesion activities of ΔO-OPN and dephosphorylated WT-OPN. 25000122 4 53 gly O-glycosylation 562:576 arg1 phosphorylation 640:654 its phosphorylation status 636:661 its phosphorylation status 636:661 In the present study, we demonstrated that OPN O-glycosylation self-regulates its biological activities and also affects its phosphorylation status. 25000122 11 54 theme phosphorylation 1581:1595 arg1 statuses 1597:1604 phosphorylation statuses 1581:1604 phosphorylation statuses 1581:1604 Thus functional activities of OPN can be determined by the combined glycosylation and phosphorylation statuses and not by either status alone. 25000122 2 55 with association 311:321 arg1 integrins 336:344 several integrins 328:344 several integrins such as αvβ3 328:357 OPN regulates cell spreading and adhesion primarily through its association with several integrins such as αvβ3, and its phosphorylation affects these processes. 25000122 2 55 with association 311:321 arg1 αvβ3 354:357 αvβ3 354:357 αvβ3 354:357 OPN regulates cell spreading and adhesion primarily through its association with several integrins such as αvβ3, and its phosphorylation affects these processes. 27582506 7 0 theme N-glycans 1253:1261 arg1 versatility 1238:1248 the versatility 1234:1248 the versatility of N-glycans 1234:1261 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 6 1 theme dynamic 1137:1143 arg1 role 1145:1148 a dynamic role 1135:1148 a dynamic role played by the N-glycosylation of human TRPA1 1135:1193 Collectively, these findings suggest a dynamic role played by the N-glycosylation of human TRPA1. 27582506 5 2 from effects 1015:1021 arg1 activation 1086:1095 TRPA1 channel activation 1072:1095 TRPA1 channel activation 1072:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 1 3 theme many 191:194 arg1 proteins 214:221 many broadly-expressed proteins 191:221 many broadly-expressed proteins 191:221 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 7 4 theme versatility 1238:1248 arg1 evidence 1222:1229 further evidence 1214:1229 further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans 1214:1261 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 4 5 contain possesses 676:684 arg1 TRPA1 670:674 TRPA1 670:674 TRPA1 670:674 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 4 5 contain possesses 676:684 arg2 sites 722:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 1 6 dep modifications 147:159 arg1 advances 161:168 advances 161:168 advances 161:168 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 5 7 theme temperature 1026:1036 arg1 effects 1015:1021 cooperative effects 1003:1021 cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation 1003:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 6 8 gly N-glycosylation 1164:1178 arg1 TRPA1 1189:1193 human TRPA1 1183:1193 human TRPA1 1183:1193 Collectively, these findings suggest a dynamic role played by the N-glycosylation of human TRPA1. 27582506 5 9 theme cooperative 1003:1013 arg1 effects 1015:1021 cooperative effects 1003:1021 cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation 1003:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 1 10 theme broadly-expressed 196:212 arg1 proteins 214:221 many broadly-expressed proteins 191:221 many broadly-expressed proteins 191:221 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 5 11 theme TRPA1 929:933 arg1 agonist-sensitivity 906:924 agonist-sensitivity 906:924 agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 906:933 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 6 12 theme TRPA1 1189:1193 arg1 N-glycosylation 1164:1178 the N-glycosylation 1160:1178 the N-glycosylation of human TRPA1 1160:1193 Collectively, these findings suggest a dynamic role played by the N-glycosylation of human TRPA1. 27582506 4 13 theme putative 690:697 arg1 sites 722:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 1 14 theme proteins 214:221 arg1 understanding 174:186 our understanding 170:186 our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins 170:221 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 7 15 theme further 1214:1220 arg1 evidence 1222:1229 further evidence 1214:1229 further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans 1214:1261 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 4 16 gly glycosylation 708:720 arg2 two 686:688 two 686:688 two 686:688 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 4 16 gly glycosylation 708:720 arg2 sites 722:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 5 17 mod modified 833:840 arg3 N-glycan 850:857 an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation 847:1095 an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation 847:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 5 17 mod modified 833:840 arg1 sites 820:824 these sites 814:824 these sites 814:824 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 5 17 mod modified 833:840 arg1 both 806:809 both 806:809 both 806:809 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 1 18 theme functional 101:110 arg1 significance 112:123 the functional significance 97:123 the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins 97:221 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 5 19 theme agonist 1046:1052 arg1 cinnamaldehyde 1054:1067 the agonist cinnamaldehyde 1042:1067 the agonist cinnamaldehyde 1042:1067 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 2 20 theme cell 484:487 arg1 types 489:493 cell types 484:493 cell types 484:493 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27582506 2 21 theme types 489:493 arg1 variety 473:479 a variety 471:479 a variety of cell types 471:493 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27582506 2 21 theme types 489:493 arg1 types 489:493 cell types 484:493 cell types 484:493 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27582506 2 22 theme specific 336:343 arg1 manner 345:350 a cell-type specific manner 324:350 a cell-type specific manner 324:350 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27582506 1 23 theme ion 241:243 arg1 channels 245:252 ion channels 241:252 ion channels 241:252 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 0 24 theme human 34:38 arg1 channel 47:53 the human cation channel 30:53 the human cation channel 30:53 Effects of N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel TRPA1 on agonist-sensitivity. 27582506 2 25 theme structural 379:388 arg1 diversity 390:398 considerable structural diversity 366:398 considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types 366:493 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27582506 3 26 mod modified 609:616 arg1 they 589:592 they 589:592 they 589:592 TRP channels exhibit notably variable behavior between cell types in vitro and in vivo , and they are frequently modified with N-glycans that contribute to protein function. 27582506 3 26 mod modified 609:616 arg3 N-glycans 623:631 N-glycans 623:631 N-glycans that contribute to protein function 623:667 TRP channels exhibit notably variable behavior between cell types in vitro and in vivo , and they are frequently modified with N-glycans that contribute to protein function. 27582506 4 27 theme glycosylation 708:720 arg1 sites 722:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 3 28 theme TRP 496:498 arg1 channels 500:507 TRP channels 496:507 TRP channels 496:507 TRP channels exhibit notably variable behavior between cell types in vitro and in vivo , and they are frequently modified with N-glycans that contribute to protein function. 27582506 3 29 theme protein 652:658 arg1 function 660:667 protein function 652:667 protein function 652:667 TRP channels exhibit notably variable behavior between cell types in vitro and in vivo , and they are frequently modified with N-glycans that contribute to protein function. 27582506 4 30 theme N-linked 699:706 arg1 sites 722:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 0 31 theme channel 47:53 arg1 N-Glycosylation 11:25 N-Glycosylation 11:25 N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel 11:53 Effects of N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel TRPA1 on agonist-sensitivity. 27582506 0 32 gly N-Glycosylation 11:25 arg1 channel 47:53 the human cation channel 30:53 the human cation channel 30:53 Effects of N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel TRPA1 on agonist-sensitivity. 27582506 7 33 theme complex 1314:1320 arg1 regulation 1322:1331 the complex regulation 1310:1331 the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity 1310:1349 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 0 34 theme cation 40:45 arg1 channel 47:53 the human cation channel 30:53 the human cation channel 30:53 Effects of N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel TRPA1 on agonist-sensitivity. 27582506 5 35 theme channel 1078:1084 arg1 activation 1086:1095 TRPA1 channel activation 1072:1095 TRPA1 channel activation 1072:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 5 36 theme TRPA1 1072:1076 arg1 activation 1086:1095 TRPA1 channel activation 1072:1095 TRPA1 channel activation 1072:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 1 37 theme post-translational 128:145 arg1 modifications 147:159 post-translational modifications 128:159 post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins 128:221 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 5 38 theme cinnamaldehyde 1054:1067 arg1 effects 1015:1021 cooperative effects 1003:1021 cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation 1003:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 1 39 theme modifications 147:159 arg1 channels 245:252 ion channels 241:252 ion channels 241:252 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 1 39 theme modifications 147:159 arg1 significance 112:123 the functional significance 97:123 the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins 97:221 Determining the functional significance of post-translational modifications advances our understanding of many broadly-expressed proteins, and particularly ion channels. 27582506 5 40 dep modulates 896:904 arg1 found 961:965 found 961:965 found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation 961:1095 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 4 41 link N-linked 699:706 arg1 sites 722:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 two putative N-linked glycosylation sites 686:726 TRPA1 possesses two putative N-linked glycosylation sites at N747 and N753 that have not yet been studied in detail. 27582506 5 42 from position 882:889 arg1 glycan 872:877 the glycan 868:877 the glycan at position N747 868:894 Here, we show that both of these sites can be modified with an N-glycan and that the glycan at position N747 modulates agonist-sensitivity of TRPA1 in vitro Additionally, we found that N-glycosylation also modulates cooperative effects of temperature and the agonist cinnamaldehyde on TRPA1 channel activation. 27582506 3 43 theme cell 551:554 arg1 types 556:560 cell types 551:560 cell types 551:560 TRP channels exhibit notably variable behavior between cell types in vitro and in vivo , and they are frequently modified with N-glycans that contribute to protein function. 27582506 2 44 theme considerable 366:377 arg1 diversity 390:398 considerable structural diversity 366:398 considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types 366:493 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27582506 7 45 theme TRPA1 1336:1340 arg1 activity 1342:1349 TRPA1 activity 1336:1349 TRPA1 activity 1336:1349 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 3 46 theme variable 525:532 arg1 behavior 534:541 notably variable behavior 517:541 notably variable behavior between cell types 517:560 TRP channels exhibit notably variable behavior between cell types in vitro and in vivo , and they are frequently modified with N-glycans that contribute to protein function. 27582506 7 47 dep understand 1299:1308 arg1 to 1290:1291 to 1290:1291 to 1290:1291 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 7 47 dep understand 1299:1308 arg1 efforts 1282:1288 efforts 1282:1288 efforts 1282:1288 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 7 48 theme activity 1342:1349 arg1 regulation 1322:1331 the complex regulation 1310:1331 the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity 1310:1349 They also provide further evidence of the versatility of N-glycans and will assist in efforts to fully understand the complex regulation of TRPA1 activity. 27582506 6 49 theme human 1183:1187 arg1 TRPA1 1189:1193 human TRPA1 1183:1193 human TRPA1 1183:1193 Collectively, these findings suggest a dynamic role played by the N-glycosylation of human TRPA1. 27582506 0 50 theme N-Glycosylation 11:25 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel 0:53 Effects of N-Glycosylation of the human cation channel TRPA1 on agonist-sensitivity. 27582506 2 51 theme modified 427:434 arg1 proteins 436:443 post-translationally modified proteins 406:443 post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types 406:493 The enzymes that catalyze these modifications are often expressed in a cell-type specific manner, resulting in considerable structural diversity among post-translationally modified proteins that are expressed across a variety of cell types. 27294781 0 0 theme botulinum 68:76 arg1 neurotoxin 78:87 botulinum neurotoxin 68:87 botulinum neurotoxin 68:87 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 1 1 theme BoNT/A1 305:311 arg1 domain 330:335 the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain 301:335 the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain 301:335 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 2 from structure 288:296 arg1 complex 340:346 complex 340:346 complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C 340:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 3 theme receptor-binding 313:328 arg1 domain 330:335 the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain 301:335 the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain 301:335 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 4 4 from interface 695:703 arg1 SV2 708:710 SV2 708:710 SV2 708:710 The glycan-binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug. 27294781 3 5 theme BoNT/A1 615:621 arg1 binding 623:629 BoNT/A1 binding 615:629 BoNT/A1 binding to neurons 615:640 This N-glycan-which is conserved in all SV2 isoforms across vertebrates-is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and for its potent neurotoxicity. 27294781 0 6 theme A. 89:90 arg1 drug 147:150 a licensed drug 136:150 a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications 136:200 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 6 theme A. 89:90 arg1 BoNT/A1 126:132 BoNT/A1 126:132 BoNT/A1 126:132 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 6 theme A. 89:90 arg1 A1 122:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 89:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1) 89:133 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 1 7 theme domain 330:335 arg1 structure 288:296 a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure 261:296 a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C 261:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 4 8 theme BoNT/A1-neutralizing 735:754 arg1 antibody 756:763 a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody 727:763 a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug 727:806 The glycan-binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug. 27294781 0 9 theme neurotoxin 78:87 arg1 uptake 58:63 uptake 58:63 uptake 58:63 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 9 theme neurotoxin 78:87 arg1 binding 46:52 binding 46:52 binding 46:52 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 3 10 theme potent 654:659 arg1 neurotoxicity 661:673 its potent neurotoxicity 650:673 its potent neurotoxicity 650:673 This N-glycan-which is conserved in all SV2 isoforms across vertebrates-is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and for its potent neurotoxicity. 27294781 5 11 theme receptor 984:991 arg1 binding 993:999 highly specific receptor binding 968:999 highly specific receptor binding 968:999 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 4 12 theme human 729:733 arg1 antibody 756:763 a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody 727:763 a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug 727:806 The glycan-binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug. 27294781 0 13 theme neurotoxin 102:111 arg1 drug 147:150 a licensed drug 136:150 a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications 136:200 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 13 theme neurotoxin 102:111 arg1 BoNT/A1 126:132 BoNT/A1 126:132 BoNT/A1 126:132 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 13 theme neurotoxin 102:111 arg1 A1 122:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 89:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1) 89:133 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 14 link N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 0:28 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 15 dep A. 89:90 arg1 Botulinum 92:100 Botulinum 92:100 Botulinum 92:100 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 2 16 link N-linked 502:509 arg1 glycan 511:516 an N-linked glycan 499:516 an N-linked glycan 499:516 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 2 17 theme peptide 480:486 arg1 moiety 488:493 the peptide moiety 476:493 the peptide moiety 476:493 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 0 18 theme medical 168:174 arg1 applications 189:200 medical and cosmetic applications 168:200 medical and cosmetic applications 168:200 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 19 theme invading 224:231 arg1 motoneurons 233:243 invading motoneurons 224:243 invading motoneurons 224:243 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 2 20 theme moiety 488:493 arg1 recognition 456:466 recognition 456:466 recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2 456:523 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 2 21 theme neuronal 419:426 arg1 tropism 428:434 the neuronal tropism 415:434 the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 415:445 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 5 22 theme interactions 860:871 arg1 paradigm 834:841 a new paradigm 828:841 a new paradigm 828:841 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 0 23 theme N-linked 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 0:28 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 24 theme cosmetic 180:187 arg1 applications 189:200 medical and cosmetic applications 168:200 medical and cosmetic applications 168:200 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 5 25 theme receptors 1067:1075 arg1 isoforms 1055:1062 multiple isoforms 1046:1062 multiple isoforms of receptors 1046:1075 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 0 26 theme SV2 26:28 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 N-linked glycosylation 0:21 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 0:28 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 5 27 theme genetic 1023:1029 arg1 changes 1031:1037 genetic changes 1023:1037 genetic changes 1023:1037 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 5 28 theme specific 975:982 arg1 binding 993:999 highly specific receptor binding 968:999 highly specific receptor binding 968:999 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 0 29 theme serotype 113:120 arg1 drug 147:150 a licensed drug 136:150 a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications 136:200 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 29 theme serotype 113:120 arg1 BoNT/A1 126:132 BoNT/A1 126:132 BoNT/A1 126:132 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 29 theme serotype 113:120 arg1 A1 122:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 89:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1) 89:133 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 1 30 theme neuronal 357:364 arg1 SV2C 395:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 30 theme neuronal 357:364 arg1 receptor 366:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 5 31 theme host-pathogen 846:858 arg1 interactions 860:871 host-pathogen interactions 846:871 host-pathogen interactions 846:871 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 5 32 theme host 911:914 arg1 modifications 935:947 conserved host post-translational modifications 901:947 conserved host post-translational modifications 901:947 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 2 33 theme glycan 511:516 arg1 recognition 456:466 recognition 456:466 recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2 456:523 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 2 34 from recognition 456:466 arg1 SV2 521:523 SV2 521:523 SV2 521:523 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 5 35 theme new 830:832 arg1 paradigm 834:841 a new paradigm 828:841 a new paradigm 828:841 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 2 36 theme BoNT/A1 439:445 arg1 tropism 428:434 the neuronal tropism 415:434 the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 415:445 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 1 37 theme 2.0-Å-resolution 263:278 arg1 structure 288:296 a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure 261:296 a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C 261:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 2 38 theme N-linked 502:509 arg1 glycan 511:516 an N-linked glycan 499:516 an N-linked glycan 499:516 We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. 27294781 0 39 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 SV2 26:28 SV2 26:28 SV2 26:28 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 39 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 neurotoxin 78:87 botulinum neurotoxin 68:87 botulinum neurotoxin 68:87 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 1 40 theme crystal 280:286 arg1 structure 288:296 a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure 261:296 a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C 261:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 41 theme glycosylated 376:387 arg1 SV2C 395:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 41 theme glycosylated 376:387 arg1 receptor 366:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 5 42 theme conserved 901:909 arg1 modifications 935:947 conserved host post-translational modifications 901:947 conserved host post-translational modifications 901:947 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 1 43 theme human 389:393 arg1 SV2C 395:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 43 theme human 389:393 arg1 receptor 366:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 4 44 theme glycan-binding 680:693 arg1 interface 695:703 The glycan-binding interface 676:703 The glycan-binding interface on SV2 676:710 The glycan-binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug. 27294781 0 45 theme licensed 138:145 arg1 drug 147:150 a licensed drug 136:150 a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications 136:200 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 0 45 theme licensed 138:145 arg1 A1 122:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 89:123 A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1) 89:133 N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. 27294781 5 46 theme multiple 1046:1053 arg1 isoforms 1055:1062 multiple isoforms 1046:1062 multiple isoforms of receptors 1046:1075 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 3 47 theme SV2 566:568 arg1 isoforms 570:577 all SV2 isoforms 562:577 all SV2 isoforms 562:577 This N-glycan-which is conserved in all SV2 isoforms across vertebrates-is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and for its potent neurotoxicity. 27294781 5 48 theme post-translational 916:933 arg1 modifications 935:947 conserved host post-translational modifications 901:947 conserved host post-translational modifications 901:947 Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors. 27294781 3 49 theme essential 601:609 arg1 vertebrates-is 586:599 vertebrates-is 586:599 vertebrates-is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and for its potent neurotoxicity 586:673 This N-glycan-which is conserved in all SV2 isoforms across vertebrates-is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and for its potent neurotoxicity. 27294781 1 50 gly glycosylated 376:387 arg1 SV2C 395:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 50 gly glycosylated 376:387 arg1 receptor 366:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 4 51 theme antibotulism 790:801 arg1 drug 803:806 an antibotulism drug 787:806 an antibotulism drug 787:806 The glycan-binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1-neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug. 27294781 1 52 with complex 340:346 arg1 SV2C 395:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 glycosylated human SV2C 376:398 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 27294781 1 52 with complex 340:346 arg1 receptor 366:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 its neuronal receptor 353:373 Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor-binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. 25484063 5 0 theme leaf 782:785 arg1 LFM 799:801 LFM 799:801 LFM 799:801 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 0 theme leaf 782:785 arg1 mass 793:796 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass 772:796 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) 772:802 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 10 1 theme monocyte 1433:1440 arg1 line 1447:1450 a monocyte cell line 1431:1450 a monocyte cell line 1431:1450 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 2 2 from plants 474:479 arg1 benthamiana 519:529 Nicotiana benthamiana 509:529 Nicotiana benthamiana 509:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 3 theme format 368:373 arg1 characterization 335:350 characterization 335:350 characterization 335:350 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 3 theme format 368:373 arg1 purification 318:329 purification 318:329 purification 318:329 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 3 theme format 368:373 arg1 expression 306:315 the expression 302:315 the expression 302:315 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 11 4 theme mucosal 1512:1518 arg1 secretions 1520:1529 mucosal secretions 1512:1529 mucosal secretions 1512:1529 Furthermore, P2G12 SIgA demonstrated enhanced stability in mucosal secretions in comparison to P2G12 IgG mAb. 25484063 0 5 theme neutralizing 80:91 arg1 activity 93:100 broad neutralizing activity 74:100 broad neutralizing activity against HIV 74:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 5 6 from mass 793:796 arg1 LFM 838:840 25 μg/g LFM 830:840 25 μg/g LFM 830:840 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 6 from mass 793:796 arg1 tobacco 818:824 transgenic tobacco 807:824 transgenic tobacco 807:824 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 2 7 theme SIgA 363:366 arg1 format 368:373 a human SIgA format 355:373 a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 355:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 11 8 theme enhanced 1490:1497 arg1 stability 1499:1507 enhanced stability 1490:1507 enhanced stability in mucosal secretions 1490:1529 Furthermore, P2G12 SIgA demonstrated enhanced stability in mucosal secretions in comparison to P2G12 IgG mAb. 25484063 7 9 theme most 1114:1117 arg1 sites 1135:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 4 10 theme SIgA 686:689 arg1 complexes 691:699 SIgA complexes 686:699 SIgA complexes 686:699 SIgA complexes could not be detected in the apoplast. 25484063 2 11 theme expression 534:543 arg1 SIgA 558:561 P2G12 SIgA 552:561 P2G12 SIgA 552:561 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 11 theme expression 534:543 arg1 plants 474:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 11 theme expression 534:543 arg1 expression 495:504 transient expression 485:504 transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana 485:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 11 theme expression 534:543 arg1 hosts 545:549 expression hosts 534:549 expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA) 534:562 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 6 12 theme HIV 984:986 arg1 gp140 988:992 HIV gp140 984:992 HIV gp140 984:992 Protein L purified antibody specifically bound HIV gp140 and neutralised tier 2 and tier 3 HIV isolates. 25484063 5 13 theme SIgA 886:889 arg1 complexes 891:899 SIgA complexes 886:899 SIgA complexes 886:899 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 3 14 from compartments 634:645 arg1 tissue 655:660 leaf tissue 650:660 leaf tissue 650:660 The resulting heterodecameric complexes accumulated in intracellular compartments in leaf tissue, including the vacuole. 25484063 5 15 theme transient 848:856 arg1 expression 858:867 transient expression 848:867 transient expression 848:867 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 16 theme antibody 758:765 arg1 yields 748:753 Maximum yields 740:753 Maximum yields of antibody 740:765 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 1 17 contain have 158:161 arg1 complexes 148:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 1 17 contain have 158:161 arg2 potential 167:175 the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens 163:271 the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens 163:271 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 7 18 theme present 1103:1109 arg1 structures 1092:1101 high mannose structures 1079:1101 high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites 1079:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 5 19 theme μg/g 833:836 arg1 LFM 838:840 25 μg/g LFM 830:840 25 μg/g LFM 830:840 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 2 20 theme monoclonal 412:421 arg1 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 20 theme monoclonal 412:421 arg1 antibody 423:430 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 21 theme transgenic 455:464 arg1 plants 474:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 21 theme transgenic 455:464 arg1 expression 495:504 transient expression 485:504 transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana 485:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 21 theme transgenic 455:464 arg1 hosts 545:549 expression hosts 534:549 expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA) 534:562 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 4 22 located detected 714:721 arg1 apoplast 730:737 the apoplast 726:737 the apoplast 726:737 SIgA complexes could not be detected in the apoplast. 25484063 4 22 located detected 714:721 arg2 complexes 691:699 SIgA complexes 686:699 SIgA complexes 686:699 SIgA complexes could not be detected in the apoplast. 25484063 10 23 dep CD209 1384:1388 arg1 FcalphaR 1419:1426 FcalphaR 1419:1426 CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line 1384:1450 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 10 23 dep CD209 1384:1388 arg1 CD89 1412:1415 CD89 1412:1415 CD89 1412:1415 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 10 23 dep CD209 1384:1388 arg1 DC-SIGN 1392:1398 DC-SIGN 1392:1398 DC-SIGN 1392:1398 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 2 24 theme anti-HIV 403:410 arg1 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 24 theme anti-HIV 403:410 arg1 antibody 423:430 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 25 theme transient 485:493 arg1 plants 474:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 25 theme transient 485:493 arg1 expression 495:504 transient expression 485:504 transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana 485:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 25 theme transient 485:493 arg1 hosts 545:549 expression hosts 534:549 expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA) 534:562 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 7 26 theme mannose 1084:1090 arg1 structures 1092:1101 high mannose structures 1079:1101 high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites 1079:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 0 27 theme broad 74:78 arg1 activity 93:100 broad neutralizing activity 74:100 broad neutralizing activity against HIV 74:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 3 28 theme resulting 569:577 arg1 complexes 595:603 The resulting heterodecameric complexes 565:603 The resulting heterodecameric complexes 565:603 The resulting heterodecameric complexes accumulated in intracellular compartments in leaf tissue, including the vacuole. 25484063 6 29 dep tier 1010:1013 arg1 isolates 1032:1039 HIV isolates 1028:1039 HIV isolates 1028:1039 Protein L purified antibody specifically bound HIV gp140 and neutralised tier 2 and tier 3 HIV isolates. 25484063 2 30 theme neutralizing 390:401 arg1 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 30 theme neutralizing 390:401 arg1 antibody 423:430 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 5 31 theme transgenic 807:816 arg1 tobacco 818:824 transgenic tobacco 807:824 transgenic tobacco 807:824 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 32 theme fresh 787:791 arg1 LFM 799:801 LFM 799:801 LFM 799:801 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 32 theme fresh 787:791 arg1 mass 793:796 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass 772:796 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) 772:802 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 11 33 theme P2G12 1548:1552 arg1 mAb 1558:1560 P2G12 IgG mAb 1548:1560 P2G12 IgG mAb 1548:1560 Furthermore, P2G12 SIgA demonstrated enhanced stability in mucosal secretions in comparison to P2G12 IgG mAb. 25484063 3 34 theme heterodecameric 579:593 arg1 complexes 595:603 The resulting heterodecameric complexes 565:603 The resulting heterodecameric complexes 565:603 The resulting heterodecameric complexes accumulated in intracellular compartments in leaf tissue, including the vacuole. 25484063 1 35 theme antibody-based 188:201 arg1 approaches 229:238 antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches 188:238 antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches 188:238 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 0 36 theme plant-produced 22:35 arg1 IgA 65:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA 20:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV 20:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 10 37 from FcalphaR 1419:1426 arg1 line 1447:1450 a monocyte cell line 1431:1450 a monocyte cell line 1431:1450 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 5 38 from superior 905:912 arg1 tobacco 928:934 transgenic tobacco 917:934 transgenic tobacco 917:934 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 10 39 theme cell 1442:1445 arg1 line 1447:1450 a monocyte cell line 1431:1450 a monocyte cell line 1431:1450 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 1 40 theme passive 203:209 arg1 approaches 229:238 antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches 188:238 antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches 188:238 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 7 41 theme high 1079:1082 arg1 structures 1092:1101 high mannose structures 1079:1101 high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites 1079:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 2 42 from expression 495:504 arg1 benthamiana 519:529 Nicotiana benthamiana 509:529 Nicotiana benthamiana 509:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 1 43 theme Recombinant 115:125 arg1 complexes 148:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 1 44 theme immunotherapeutic 211:227 arg1 approaches 229:238 antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches 188:238 antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches 188:238 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 0 45 theme human 49:53 arg1 IgA 65:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA 20:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV 20:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 6 46 theme purified 947:954 arg1 antibody 956:963 Protein L purified antibody 937:963 Protein L purified antibody 937:963 Protein L purified antibody specifically bound HIV gp140 and neutralised tier 2 and tier 3 HIV isolates. 25484063 9 47 theme HIV 1333:1335 arg1 virions 1337:1343 HIV virions 1333:1343 HIV virions 1333:1343 Functionally, P2G12 SIgA, but not IgG, effectively aggregated HIV virions. 25484063 7 48 gly N-glycosylation 1119:1133 arg2 sites 1135:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 2 49 theme broadly 382:388 arg1 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 mAb 433:435 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 49 theme broadly 382:388 arg1 antibody 423:430 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 378:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 6 50 theme HIV 1028:1030 arg1 isolates 1032:1039 HIV isolates 1028:1039 HIV isolates 1028:1039 Protein L purified antibody specifically bound HIV gp140 and neutralised tier 2 and tier 3 HIV isolates. 25484063 0 51 theme recombinant 37:47 arg1 IgA 65:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA 20:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV 20:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 6 52 theme L 945:945 arg1 antibody 956:963 Protein L purified antibody 937:963 Protein L purified antibody 937:963 Protein L purified antibody specifically bound HIV gp140 and neutralised tier 2 and tier 3 HIV isolates. 25484063 5 53 theme Maximum 740:746 arg1 yields 748:753 Maximum yields 740:753 Maximum yields of antibody 740:765 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 3 54 theme intracellular 620:632 arg1 vacuole 677:683 the vacuole 673:683 the vacuole 673:683 The resulting heterodecameric complexes accumulated in intracellular compartments in leaf tissue, including the vacuole. 25484063 3 54 theme intracellular 620:632 arg1 compartments 634:645 intracellular compartments 620:645 intracellular compartments 620:645 The resulting heterodecameric complexes accumulated in intracellular compartments in leaf tissue, including the vacuole. 25484063 10 55 theme SIgA 1363:1366 arg1 Binding 1346:1352 Binding 1346:1352 Binding of P2G12 SIgA 1346:1366 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 2 56 theme antibody 423:430 arg1 format 368:373 a human SIgA format 355:373 a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 355:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 0 57 theme IgA 65:67 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 0:113 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 6 58 theme Protein 937:943 arg1 L 945:945 Protein L 937:945 Protein L purified antibody 937:963 Protein L purified antibody specifically bound HIV gp140 and neutralised tier 2 and tier 3 HIV isolates. 25484063 8 59 theme O-glycan 1230:1237 arg1 structures 1239:1248 O-glycan structures 1230:1248 O-glycan structures 1230:1248 O-glycan structures were not identified. 25484063 5 60 theme μg/g 777:780 arg1 LFM 799:801 LFM 799:801 LFM 799:801 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 60 theme μg/g 777:780 arg1 mass 793:796 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass 772:796 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) 772:802 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 2 61 theme human 357:361 arg1 format 368:373 a human SIgA format 355:373 a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 355:441 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 10 62 theme P2G12 1357:1361 arg1 SIgA 1363:1366 P2G12 SIgA 1357:1366 P2G12 SIgA 1357:1366 Binding of P2G12 SIgA was observed to CD209 / DC-SIGN, but not to CD89 / FcalphaR on a monocyte cell line. 25484063 1 63 theme Secretory 127:135 arg1 SIgA 142:145 SIgA 142:145 SIgA 142:145 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 1 63 theme Secretory 127:135 arg1 IgA 137:139 Secretory IgA 127:139 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 0 64 theme secretory 55:63 arg1 IgA 65:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA 20:67 a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV 20:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 7 65 theme paucimannosidic 1207:1221 arg1 forms 1223:1227 paucimannosidic forms 1207:1227 paucimannosidic forms 1207:1227 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 9 66 theme P2G12 1285:1289 arg1 SIgA 1291:1294 P2G12 SIgA 1285:1294 P2G12 SIgA 1285:1294 Functionally, P2G12 SIgA, but not IgG, effectively aggregated HIV virions. 25484063 1 67 theme IgA 137:139 arg1 complexes 148:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes 115:156 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 7 68 theme complex 1168:1174 arg1 glycosylation 1176:1188 complex glycosylation 1168:1188 complex glycosylation 1168:1188 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 7 69 theme limited 1147:1153 arg1 evidence 1155:1162 limited evidence 1147:1162 limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms 1147:1227 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 3 70 theme leaf 650:653 arg1 tissue 655:660 leaf tissue 650:660 leaf tissue 650:660 The resulting heterodecameric complexes accumulated in intracellular compartments in leaf tissue, including the vacuole. 25484063 5 71 theme complexes 891:899 arg1 assembly 874:881 assembly 874:881 assembly of SIgA complexes 874:899 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 7 72 attach present 1103:1109 arg1 sites 1135:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 7 72 attach present 1103:1109 arg2 structures 1092:1101 high mannose structures 1079:1101 high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites 1079:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 25484063 0 73 with IgA 65:67 arg1 activity 93:100 broad neutralizing activity 74:100 broad neutralizing activity against HIV 74:112 Characterization of a plant-produced recombinant human secretory IgA with broad neutralizing activity against HIV. 25484063 5 74 theme transgenic 917:926 arg1 tobacco 928:934 transgenic tobacco 917:934 transgenic tobacco 917:934 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 5 75 from tobacco 928:934 arg1 superior 905:912 superior 905:912 superior 905:912 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 1 76 theme many 250:253 arg1 pathogens 263:271 many mucosal pathogens 250:271 many mucosal pathogens 250:271 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 2 77 theme Nicotiana 509:517 arg1 benthamiana 519:529 Nicotiana benthamiana 509:529 Nicotiana benthamiana 509:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 5 78 theme 25 830:831 arg1 μg/g 833:836 μg/g 833:836 μg/g 833:836 Maximum yields of antibody were 15.2 μg/g leaf fresh mass (LFM) in transgenic tobacco and 25 μg/g LFM after transient expression, and assembly of SIgA complexes was superior in transgenic tobacco. 25484063 11 79 theme P2G12 1466:1470 arg1 SIgA 1472:1475 P2G12 SIgA 1466:1475 P2G12 SIgA 1466:1475 Furthermore, P2G12 SIgA demonstrated enhanced stability in mucosal secretions in comparison to P2G12 IgG mAb. 25484063 1 80 theme mucosal 255:261 arg1 pathogens 263:271 many mucosal pathogens 250:271 many mucosal pathogens 250:271 Recombinant Secretory IgA (SIgA) complexes have the potential to improve antibody-based passive immunotherapeutic approaches to combat many mucosal pathogens. 25484063 2 81 theme tobacco 466:472 arg1 plants 474:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 both transgenic tobacco plants 450:479 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 81 theme tobacco 466:472 arg1 expression 495:504 transient expression 485:504 transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana 485:529 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 2 81 theme tobacco 466:472 arg1 hosts 545:549 expression hosts 534:549 expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA) 534:562 In this report, we describe the expression, purification and characterization of a human SIgA format of the broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12, using both transgenic tobacco plants and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana as expression hosts (P2G12 SIgA). 25484063 11 82 theme IgG 1554:1556 arg1 mAb 1558:1560 P2G12 IgG mAb 1548:1560 P2G12 IgG mAb 1548:1560 Furthermore, P2G12 SIgA demonstrated enhanced stability in mucosal secretions in comparison to P2G12 IgG mAb. 25484063 11 83 from stability 1499:1507 arg1 secretions 1520:1529 mucosal secretions 1512:1529 mucosal secretions 1512:1529 Furthermore, P2G12 SIgA demonstrated enhanced stability in mucosal secretions in comparison to P2G12 IgG mAb. 25484063 7 84 theme N-glycosylation 1119:1133 arg1 sites 1135:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 most N-glycosylation sites 1114:1139 Glycoanalysis revealed predominantly high mannose structures present on most N-glycosylation sites, with limited evidence for complex glycosylation or processing to paucimannosidic forms. 26764011 3 0 theme full 331:334 arg1 understanding 336:348 the full understanding 327:348 the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation 327:374 In an essential step toward the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation we mapped theO-mannose glycoproteome in baker's yeast. 26764011 8 1 from sites 1362:1366 arg1 impeded 1319:1325 impeded 1319:1325 impeded 1319:1325 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 6 2 theme wall 980:983 arg1 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 2 theme wall 980:983 arg1 modification 959:970 a prominent modification 947:970 a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 947:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 3 theme secretory 1063:1071 arg1 pathway 1073:1079 the secretory pathway 1059:1079 the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1059:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 5 4 theme secretory 826:834 arg1 pathway 836:842 the secretory pathway 822:842 the secretory pathway 822:842 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 6 5 theme plasma 989:994 arg1 membrane 996:1003 plasma membrane 989:1003 plasma membrane 989:1003 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 6 from pathway 1073:1079 arg1 proteins 1045:1052 proteins 1045:1052 proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1045:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 6 from pathway 1073:1079 arg1 number 1035:1040 a large number 1027:1040 a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1027:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 5 7 gly 293O-glycoproteins 736:753 arg1 293O-glycoproteins 736:753 the 293O-glycoproteins 732:753 the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases 732:904 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 9 8 theme new 1545:1547 arg1 roles 1549:1553 new roles 1545:1553 new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes 1545:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 3 9 theme theO-mannose 386:397 arg1 glycoproteome 399:411 theO-mannose glycoproteome 386:411 theO-mannose glycoproteome 386:411 In an essential step toward the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation we mapped theO-mannose glycoproteome in baker's yeast. 26764011 6 10 from functions 1094:1102 arg1 glycosylation 1115:1127 protein glycosylation 1107:1127 protein glycosylation 1107:1127 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 10 from functions 1094:1102 arg1 trafficking 1160:1170 trafficking 1160:1170 trafficking 1160:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 10 from functions 1094:1102 arg1 folding 1130:1136 folding 1130:1136 folding 1130:1136 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 10 from functions 1094:1102 arg1 control 1147:1153 quality control 1139:1153 quality control 1139:1153 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 8 11 from impeded 1319:1325 arg1 sites 1362:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites 1330:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications 1330:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 9 12 theme roles 1549:1553 arg1 discovery 1532:1540 discovery 1532:1540 discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes 1532:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 2 13 theme perfect 156:162 arg1 model 164:168 a perfect model 154:168 a perfect model to study this post-translational modification 154:214 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 2 13 theme perfect 156:162 arg1 Yeast 145:149 Yeast 145:149 Yeast 145:149 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 9 14 theme ofO-glycosylation 1660:1676 arg1 types 1654:1658 different types 1644:1658 different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals 1644:1698 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 6 15 theme proteins 1045:1052 arg1 number 1035:1040 a large number 1027:1040 a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1027:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 2 16 gly ofO-glycosylation 280:296 arg1 contrast 228:235 contrast 228:235 contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation 228:261 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 6 17 theme cell 975:978 arg1 wall 980:983 cell wall 975:983 cell wall 975:983 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 9 18 from yeast 1683:1687 arg1 ofO-glycosylation 1660:1676 ofO-glycosylation 1660:1676 ofO-glycosylation 1660:1676 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 4 19 gly 500O-glycoproteins 546:563 arg1 500O-glycoproteins 546:563 500O-glycoproteins 546:563 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS 546:702 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 7 20 theme sites 1203:1207 arg1 analysis 1177:1184 The analysis 1173:1184 The analysis of glycosylation sites 1173:1207 The analysis of glycosylation sites revealed thatO-mannosylation is favored in unstructured regions and β-strands. 26764011 9 21 from glance 1617:1622 arg1 evolution 1631:1639 the evolution 1627:1639 the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals 1627:1698 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 1 22 theme vital 86:90 arg1 modification 100:111 a vital protein modification 84:111 a vital protein modification conserved from fungi to humans 84:142 O-Mannosylation is a vital protein modification conserved from fungi to humans. 26764011 1 22 theme vital 86:90 arg1 O-Mannosylation 65:79 O-Mannosylation 65:79 O-Mannosylation 65:79 O-Mannosylation is a vital protein modification conserved from fungi to humans. 26764011 6 23 theme quality 1139:1145 arg1 control 1147:1153 quality control 1139:1153 quality control 1139:1153 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 7 24 theme unstructured 1252:1263 arg1 regions 1265:1271 unstructured regions 1252:1271 unstructured regions 1252:1271 The analysis of glycosylation sites revealed thatO-mannosylation is favored in unstructured regions and β-strands. 26764011 9 25 dep proteins 1482:1489 arg1 the 1471:1473 the 1471:1473 the 1471:1473 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 9 26 theme detailed 1449:1456 arg1 knowledge 1458:1466 The detailed knowledge 1445:1466 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites 1445:1520 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 1 27 theme protein 92:98 arg1 modification 100:111 a vital protein modification 84:111 a vital protein modification conserved from fungi to humans 84:142 O-Mannosylation is a vital protein modification conserved from fungi to humans. 26764011 1 27 theme protein 92:98 arg1 O-Mannosylation 65:79 O-Mannosylation 65:79 O-Mannosylation 65:79 O-Mannosylation is a vital protein modification conserved from fungi to humans. 26764011 8 28 theme ofN-glycosylation 1344:1360 arg1 sites 1362:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites 1330:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications 1330:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 5 29 theme ER-localized 863:874 arg1 proteinO-mannosyltransferases 876:904 ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases 863:904 ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases 863:904 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 4 30 theme 2300O-mannosylation 614:632 arg1 sites 634:638 2300O-mannosylation sites 614:638 2300O-mannosylation sites 614:638 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 4 31 theme deficient 473:481 arg1 strain 489:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 7 32 theme glycosylation 1189:1201 arg1 sites 1203:1207 glycosylation sites 1189:1207 glycosylation sites 1189:1207 The analysis of glycosylation sites revealed thatO-mannosylation is favored in unstructured regions and β-strands. 26764011 5 33 theme proteinO-mannosyltransferases 876:904 arg1 targets 852:858 targets 852:858 targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases 852:904 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 6 34 theme number 1035:1040 arg1 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 34 theme number 1035:1040 arg1 modification 959:970 a prominent modification 947:970 a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 947:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 9 35 from roles 1549:1553 arg1 eukaryotes 1589:1598 eukaryotes 1589:1598 eukaryotes 1589:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 9 36 gly theirO-mannosylation 1495:1514 arg2 sites 1516:1520 theirO-mannosylation sites 1495:1520 theirO-mannosylation sites 1495:1520 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 9 37 theme modification 1573:1584 arg1 roles 1549:1553 new roles 1545:1553 new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes 1545:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 7 38 gly glycosylation 1189:1201 arg2 sites 1203:1207 glycosylation sites 1189:1207 glycosylation sites 1189:1207 The analysis of glycosylation sites revealed thatO-mannosylation is favored in unstructured regions and β-strands. 26764011 0 39 theme O-Mannose 12:20 arg1 Glycoproteome 22:34 the O-Mannose Glycoproteome 8:34 the O-Mannose Glycoproteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8:62 Mapping the O-Mannose Glycoproteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 26764011 6 40 theme large 1029:1033 arg1 number 1035:1040 a large number 1027:1040 a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1027:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 5 41 theme 1900 761:764 arg1 sites 780:784 1900 glycosylation sites 761:784 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS 761:808 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 6 42 theme prominent 949:957 arg1 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 thatO-mannosylation 915:933 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 42 theme prominent 949:957 arg1 modification 959:970 a prominent modification 947:970 a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 947:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 9 43 theme different 1644:1652 arg1 types 1654:1658 different types 1644:1658 different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals 1644:1698 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 0 44 theme Saccharomyces 39:51 arg1 cerevisiae 53:62 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 39:62 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 39:62 Mapping the O-Mannose Glycoproteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 26764011 5 45 theme glycosylation 766:778 arg1 sites 780:784 1900 glycosylation sites 761:784 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS 761:808 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 4 46 theme strain 489:494 arg1 advantage 438:446 advantage 438:446 advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 438:494 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 8 47 theme proximity 1334:1342 arg1 sites 1362:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites 1330:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications 1330:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 6 48 theme protein 1107:1113 arg1 glycosylation 1115:1127 protein glycosylation 1107:1127 protein glycosylation 1107:1127 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 9 49 theme target 1475:1480 arg1 proteins 1482:1489 target proteins 1475:1489 target proteins 1475:1489 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 6 50 from number 1035:1040 arg1 pathway 1073:1079 the secretory pathway 1059:1079 the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1059:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 4 51 theme sample 508:513 arg1 complexity 515:524 sample complexity 508:524 sample complexity 508:524 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 6 52 with pathway 1073:1079 arg1 functions 1094:1102 crucial functions 1086:1102 crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1086:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 8 53 theme types 1402:1406 arg1 interplay 1383:1391 the interplay 1379:1391 the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications 1379:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 4 54 from compartments 586:597 arg1 500O-glycoproteins 546:563 500O-glycoproteins 546:563 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS 546:702 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 4 55 theme subcellular 574:584 arg1 compartments 586:597 all subcellular compartments 570:597 all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS 570:702 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 8 56 gly ofN-glycosylation 1344:1360 arg2 sites 1362:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites 1330:1366 the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications 1330:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 4 57 gly 2300O-mannosylation 614:632 arg2 sites 634:638 2300O-mannosylation sites 614:638 2300O-mannosylation sites 614:638 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 4 58 theme elongation 462:471 arg1 strain 489:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 9 59 from eukaryotes 1589:1598 arg1 roles 1549:1553 new roles 1545:1553 new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes 1545:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 9 60 theme first 1611:1615 arg1 glance 1617:1622 a first glance 1609:1622 a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals 1609:1698 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 9 61 theme theirO-mannosylation 1495:1514 arg1 sites 1516:1520 theirO-mannosylation sites 1495:1520 theirO-mannosylation sites 1495:1520 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 3 62 theme essential 305:313 arg1 step 315:318 an essential step 302:318 an essential step toward the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation 302:374 In an essential step toward the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation we mapped theO-mannose glycoproteome in baker's yeast. 26764011 4 63 theme anO-glycan 451:460 arg1 strain 489:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 2 64 theme type 275:278 arg1 ofO-glycosylation 280:296 the only type ofO-glycosylation 266:296 the only type ofO-glycosylation 266:296 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 7 65 gly thatO-mannosylation 1218:1236 arg1 β-strands 1277:1285 β-strands 1277:1285 β-strands 1277:1285 The analysis of glycosylation sites revealed thatO-mannosylation is favored in unstructured regions and β-strands. 26764011 7 65 gly thatO-mannosylation 1218:1236 arg1 regions 1265:1271 unstructured regions 1252:1271 unstructured regions 1252:1271 The analysis of glycosylation sites revealed thatO-mannosylation is favored in unstructured regions and β-strands. 26764011 2 66 from ofO-glycosylation 280:296 arg1 contrast 228:235 contrast 228:235 contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation 228:261 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 9 67 theme sites 1516:1520 arg1 knowledge 1458:1466 The detailed knowledge 1445:1466 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites 1445:1520 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 4 68 theme yeast 483:487 arg1 strain 489:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain 451:494 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 2 69 theme only 270:273 arg1 ofO-glycosylation 280:296 the only type ofO-glycosylation 266:296 the only type ofO-glycosylation 266:296 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 9 70 from modification 1573:1584 arg1 eukaryotes 1589:1598 eukaryotes 1589:1598 eukaryotes 1589:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 5 71 gly glycosylation 766:778 arg2 sites 780:784 1900 glycosylation sites 761:784 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS 761:808 In this study, we focus on the 293O-glycoproteins (over 1900 glycosylation sites identified by ETD-MS/MS) that enter the secretory pathway and are targets of ER-localized proteinO-mannosyltransferases. 26764011 6 72 dep wall 980:983 arg1 proteins 1005:1012 proteins 1005:1012 proteins 1005:1012 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 6 73 theme crucial 1086:1092 arg1 functions 1094:1102 crucial functions 1086:1102 crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking 1086:1170 We find thatO-mannosylation is not only a prominent modification of cell wall and plasma membrane proteins, but also of a large number of proteins from the secretory pathway with crucial functions in protein glycosylation, folding, quality control, and trafficking. 26764011 2 74 theme post-translational 184:201 arg1 modification 203:214 this post-translational modification 179:214 this post-translational modification 179:214 Yeast is a perfect model to study this post-translational modification, because in contrast to mammalsO-mannosylation is the only type ofO-glycosylation. 26764011 8 75 theme modifications 1430:1442 arg1 types 1402:1406 these types 1396:1406 these types of post-translational modifications 1396:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 9 76 theme essential 1563:1571 arg1 modification 1573:1584 this essential modification 1558:1584 this essential modification in eukaryotes 1558:1598 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 4 77 theme -based 691:696 arg1 MS/MS 698:702 electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS 655:702 electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS 655:702 Taking advantage of anO-glycan elongation deficient yeast strain to simplify sample complexity, we identified over 500O-glycoproteins from all subcellular compartments for which over 2300O-mannosylation sites were mapped by electron-transfer dissociation (ETD)-based MS/MS. 26764011 3 78 theme proteinO-mannosylation 353:374 arg1 understanding 336:348 the full understanding 327:348 the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation 327:374 In an essential step toward the full understanding of proteinO-mannosylation we mapped theO-mannose glycoproteome in baker's yeast. 26764011 0 79 from Glycoproteome 22:34 arg1 cerevisiae 53:62 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 39:62 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 39:62 Mapping the O-Mannose Glycoproteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 26764011 9 80 theme types 1654:1658 arg1 evolution 1631:1639 the evolution 1627:1639 the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals 1627:1698 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 26764011 8 81 theme post-translational 1411:1428 arg1 modifications 1430:1442 post-translational modifications 1411:1442 post-translational modifications 1411:1442 Furthermore,O-mannosylation is impeded in the proximity ofN-glycosylation sites suggesting the interplay of these types of post-translational modifications. 26764011 9 82 theme proteins 1482:1489 arg1 knowledge 1458:1466 The detailed knowledge 1445:1466 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites 1445:1520 The detailed knowledge of the target proteins and theirO-mannosylation sites opens for discovery of new roles of this essential modification in eukaryotes, and for a first glance on the evolution of different types ofO-glycosylation from yeast to mammals. 28280963 12 0 gly glycosylated 1867:1878 arg2 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 12 0 gly glycosylated 1867:1878 arg1 protein 1855:1861 EPO protein 1851:1861 EPO protein 1851:1861 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 4 1 theme sialic 602:607 arg1 residues 614:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues 583:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues 583:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues are known to be critical for in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO. 28280963 13 2 theme rHuEPO 2031:2036 arg1 formulations 2015:2026 pharmaceutical formulations 2000:2026 pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016) 2000:2066 The method described should be suitable for potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016). 28280963 1 3 theme activity 249:256 arg1 Determination 221:233 Determination 221:233 Determination of biological activity 221:256 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 1 3 theme activity 249:256 arg1 comparison 266:275 its comparison 262:275 its comparison with clinical behavior 262:298 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 12 4 theme N-glycan 1808:1815 arg1 units 1817:1821 N-glycan units 1808:1821 N-glycan units 1808:1821 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 1 5 from important 303:311 arg1 assessment 328:337 the quality assessment 316:337 the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins 316:366 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 3 6 theme in 566:567 arg1 studies 574:580 in vivo studies 566:580 in vivo studies 566:580 However, alternative methods are required to simplify the bioassay and avoid ethical issues associated with in vivo studies. 28280963 0 7 theme Microheterogeneity 181:198 arg1 Stimulation 105:115 Proliferative Stimulation 91:115 Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line 91:141 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 0 7 theme Microheterogeneity 181:198 arg1 Analysis 147:154 Analysis 147:154 Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 147:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 6 8 theme rHuEPO 890:895 arg1 preparations 897:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 10 9 theme structure 1646:1654 arg1 model 1604:1608 the 3D model 1597:1608 the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods 1597:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 0 10 theme UT-7 201:204 arg1 Bioassay 211:218 UT-7 Cell Bioassay 201:218 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 0:219 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 13 11 theme formulations 2015:2026 arg1 assessments 1985:1995 potency assessments 1977:1995 potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016) 1977:2066 The method described should be suitable for potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016). 28280963 8 12 theme physiological 1223:1235 arg1 features 1237:1244 physiological features 1223:1244 physiological features of rHuEPO 1223:1254 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 10 13 theme modeling 1683:1690 arg1 methods 1692:1698 standard comparative modeling methods 1662:1698 standard comparative modeling methods 1662:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 7 14 theme multi-channel 1069:1081 arg1 photometer 1083:1092 a multi-channel photometer 1067:1092 a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability 1067:1191 The cellular response was measured with a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability. 28280963 10 15 theme standard 1662:1669 arg1 methods 1692:1698 standard comparative modeling methods 1662:1698 standard comparative modeling methods 1662:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 0 16 theme Cell 133:136 arg1 Line 138:141 an Erythroid Cell Line 120:141 an Erythroid Cell Line 120:141 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 3 17 dep in 566:567 arg1 vivo 569:572 vivo 569:572 vivo 569:572 However, alternative methods are required to simplify the bioassay and avoid ethical issues associated with in vivo studies. 28280963 13 18 dep rHuEPO 2031:2036 arg1 Pharmacopeia 2048:2059 Pharmacopeia 2048:2059 Pharmacopeia 2048:2059 The method described should be suitable for potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016). 28280963 0 19 theme Human 52:56 arg1 rHuEPO 74:79 rHuEPO 74:79 rHuEPO 74:79 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 0 19 theme Human 52:56 arg1 Erythropoietin 58:71 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin 40:71 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 40:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 1 20 theme quality 320:326 arg1 assessment 328:337 the quality assessment 316:337 the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins 316:366 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 0 21 theme Acid 166:169 arg1 Microheterogeneity 181:198 Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 159:198 Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 159:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 5 22 theme acute 727:731 arg1 line 755:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line 717:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 717:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 1 23 theme glycoproteins 354:366 arg1 assessment 328:337 the quality assessment 316:337 the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins 316:366 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 8 24 theme carbohydrates 1388:1400 arg1 degradation 1373:1383 degradation 1373:1383 degradation of carbohydrates 1373:1400 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 5 25 theme leukemia 741:748 arg1 line 755:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line 717:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 717:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 0 26 theme Bioassay 27:34 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 0:219 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 2 27 theme glycomolecules 442:455 arg1 bioactivity 421:431 bioactivity 421:431 bioactivity of these glycomolecules 421:455 In vivo studies are usually employed for evaluating bioactivity of these glycomolecules. 28280963 12 28 gly glycosylation 1893:1905 arg2 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 7 29 theme cell 1178:1181 arg1 viability 1183:1191 cell viability 1178:1191 cell viability 1178:1191 The cellular response was measured with a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability. 28280963 1 30 theme clinical 282:289 arg1 behavior 291:298 clinical behavior 282:298 clinical behavior 282:298 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 12 31 theme residue 1918:1924 arg1 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 6 32 theme sugar-trimmed 876:888 arg1 preparations 897:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 11 33 theme protein 1759:1765 arg1 tools 1801:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 7 34 theme sodium 1168:1173 arg1 metabolism 1140:1149 the metabolism 1136:1149 the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability 1136:1191 The cellular response was measured with a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability. 28280963 6 35 theme intact 865:870 arg1 preparations 897:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 4 36 dep in 652:653 arg1 vivo 655:658 vivo 655:658 vivo 655:658 Negatively charged sialic acid residues are known to be critical for in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO. 28280963 11 37 theme Procheck 1746:1753 arg1 tools 1801:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 5 38 theme proliferative 790:802 arg1 stimulation 804:814 proliferative stimulation 790:814 proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 790:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 9 39 theme higher 1412:1417 arg1 activity 1428:1435 Two-fold higher specific activity 1403:1435 Two-fold higher specific activity 1403:1435 Two-fold higher specific activity was shown by asialoerythropoietin in in vitro analysis compared with the sialoerythropoietin. 28280963 12 40 theme potential 1883:1891 arg1 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 11 41 theme ProSA 1787:1791 arg1 tools 1801:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 12 42 theme amino 1907:1911 arg1 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 6 43 theme Relative 835:842 arg1 potencies 844:852 Relative potencies 835:852 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 835:908 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 1 44 with Determination 221:233 arg1 behavior 291:298 clinical behavior 282:298 clinical behavior 282:298 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 11 45 theme analysis 1777:1784 arg1 tools 1801:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 0 46 dep Development 0:10 arg1 Bioassay 211:218 UT-7 Cell Bioassay 201:218 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 0:219 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 12 47 theme EPO 1851:1853 arg1 protein 1855:1861 EPO protein 1851:1861 EPO protein 1851:1861 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 10 48 theme 3D 1601:1602 arg1 model 1604:1608 the 3D model 1597:1608 the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods 1597:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 0 49 theme Sialic 159:164 arg1 Acid 166:169 Sialic Acid 159:169 Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 159:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 1 50 theme biological 238:247 arg1 activity 249:256 biological activity 238:256 biological activity 238:256 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 4 51 theme charged 594:600 arg1 residues 614:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues 583:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues 583:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues are known to be critical for in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO. 28280963 0 52 theme Dependent 171:179 arg1 Microheterogeneity 181:198 Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 159:198 Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 159:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 9 53 theme in 1474:1475 arg1 analysis 1483:1490 in vitro analysis 1474:1490 in vitro analysis compared with the sialoerythropoietin 1474:1528 Two-fold higher specific activity was shown by asialoerythropoietin in in vitro analysis compared with the sialoerythropoietin. 28280963 4 54 theme acid 609:612 arg1 residues 614:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues 583:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues 583:621 Negatively charged sialic acid residues are known to be critical for in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO. 28280963 10 55 theme erythropoietin 1617:1630 arg1 structure 1646:1654 the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure 1613:1654 the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods 1613:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 1 56 from assessment 328:337 arg1 important 303:311 important 303:311 important 303:311 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 6 57 theme preparations 897:908 arg1 potencies 844:852 Relative potencies 835:852 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 835:908 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 8 58 theme rHuEPO 1249:1254 arg1 features 1237:1244 physiological features 1223:1244 physiological features of rHuEPO 1223:1254 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 11 59 theme model 1720:1724 arg1 quality 1705:1711 The quality 1701:1711 The quality of the model 1701:1724 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 0 60 theme Cell 206:209 arg1 Bioassay 211:218 UT-7 Cell Bioassay 201:218 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 0:219 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 13 61 theme pharmaceutical 2000:2013 arg1 formulations 2015:2026 pharmaceutical formulations 2000:2026 pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016) 2000:2066 The method described should be suitable for potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016). 28280963 7 62 theme colorimetric 1102:1113 arg1 microassay 1115:1124 a colorimetric microassay 1100:1124 a colorimetric microassay 1100:1124 The cellular response was measured with a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability. 28280963 1 63 with comparison 266:275 arg1 behavior 291:298 clinical behavior 282:298 clinical behavior 282:298 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 4 64 theme rHuEPO 675:680 arg1 bioactivity 660:670 in vivo bioactivity 652:670 in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO 652:680 Negatively charged sialic acid residues are known to be critical for in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO. 28280963 10 65 theme protein 1638:1644 arg1 structure 1646:1654 the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure 1613:1654 the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods 1613:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 1 66 gly glycoproteins 354:366 arg1 glycoproteins 354:366 therapeutic glycoproteins 342:366 therapeutic glycoproteins 342:366 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 8 67 theme resourceful 1200:1210 arg1 probing 1212:1218 a resourceful probing 1198:1218 a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance 1198:1272 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 0 68 theme Erythroid 123:131 arg1 Line 138:141 an Erythroid Cell Line 120:141 an Erythroid Cell Line 120:141 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 5 69 dep line 755:758 arg1 UT-7 760:763 UT-7 760:763 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 717:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 8 70 with probing 1212:1218 arg1 significance 1261:1272 significance 1261:1272 significance 1261:1272 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 4 71 theme in 652:653 arg1 bioactivity 660:670 in vivo bioactivity 652:670 in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO 652:680 Negatively charged sialic acid residues are known to be critical for in vivo bioactivity of rHuEPO. 28280963 10 72 theme comparative 1671:1681 arg1 methods 1692:1698 standard comparative modeling methods 1662:1698 standard comparative modeling methods 1662:1698 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 0 73 theme Line 138:141 arg1 Stimulation 105:115 Proliferative Stimulation 91:115 Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line 91:141 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 0 73 theme Line 138:141 arg1 Analysis 147:154 Analysis 147:154 Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 147:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 7 74 theme cellular 1031:1038 arg1 response 1040:1047 The cellular response 1027:1047 The cellular response 1027:1047 The cellular response was measured with a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability. 28280963 8 75 theme features 1237:1244 arg1 probing 1212:1218 a resourceful probing 1198:1218 a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance 1198:1272 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 6 76 theme Human 962:966 arg1 r-DNA 968:972 Human r-DNA 962:972 Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) 962:993 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 9 77 dep in 1474:1475 arg1 vitro 1477:1481 vitro 1477:1481 vitro 1477:1481 Two-fold higher specific activity was shown by asialoerythropoietin in in vitro analysis compared with the sialoerythropoietin. 28280963 13 78 theme potency 1977:1983 arg1 assessments 1985:1995 potency assessments 1977:1995 potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016) 1977:2066 The method described should be suitable for potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of rHuEPO (European Pharmacopeia, 2016). 28280963 5 79 theme cell 750:753 arg1 line 755:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line 717:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 717:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 11 80 theme server 1794:1799 arg1 tools 1801:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 8 81 theme neuraminidase 1344:1356 arg1 enzyme 1358:1363 the neuraminidase enzyme 1340:1363 the neuraminidase enzyme 1340:1363 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 5 82 theme human 721:725 arg1 line 755:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line 717:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 717:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 1 83 theme therapeutic 342:352 arg1 glycoproteins 354:366 therapeutic glycoproteins 342:366 therapeutic glycoproteins 342:366 Determination of biological activity and its comparison with clinical behavior is important in the quality assessment of therapeutic glycoproteins. 28280963 0 84 theme Proliferative 91:103 arg1 Stimulation 105:115 Proliferative Stimulation 91:115 Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line 91:141 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 8 85 dep obtained 1278:1285 arg1 desialylated 1308:1319 desialylated 1308:1319 obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates 1278:1400 For a resourceful probing of physiological features of rHuEPO with significance, we obtained partly or completely desialylated rHuEPO digested by the neuraminidase enzyme without degradation of carbohydrates. 28280963 2 86 dep In 369:370 arg1 vivo 372:375 vivo 372:375 vivo 372:375 In vivo studies are usually employed for evaluating bioactivity of these glycomolecules. 28280963 5 87 theme myeloid 733:739 arg1 line 755:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line 717:758 the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 717:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 5 88 theme stimulation 804:814 arg1 determination 773:785 the determination 769:785 the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO 769:832 To address this need, we employed the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line UT-7 for the determination of proliferative stimulation induced by rHuEPO. 28280963 0 89 theme in 18:19 arg1 Bioassay 27:34 an in vitro Bioassay 15:34 an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 15:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 7 90 theme Resazurin 1158:1166 arg1 sodium 1168:1173 the Resazurin sodium 1154:1173 the Resazurin sodium 1154:1173 The cellular response was measured with a multi-channel photometer using a colorimetric microassay, based on the metabolism of the Resazurin sodium by cell viability. 28280963 10 91 theme computational 1540:1552 arg1 studies 1554:1560 computational studies 1540:1560 computational studies 1540:1560 Further, computational studies were also carried out to construct the 3D model of the erythropoietin (EPO) protein structure using standard comparative modeling methods. 28280963 3 92 theme alternative 467:477 arg1 methods 479:485 alternative methods 467:485 alternative methods 467:485 However, alternative methods are required to simplify the bioassay and avoid ethical issues associated with in vivo studies. 28280963 0 93 theme Recombinant 40:50 arg1 rHuEPO 74:79 rHuEPO 74:79 rHuEPO 74:79 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 0 93 theme Recombinant 40:50 arg1 Erythropoietin 58:71 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin 40:71 Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity 40:198 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 12 94 theme glycosylation 1893:1905 arg1 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 6 95 theme various 857:863 arg1 preparations 897:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations 857:908 Relative potencies of various intact and sugar-trimmed rHuEPO preparations were estimated using the International Standard for Human r-DNA derived EPO (87/684) as a reference for bioactivity. 28280963 9 96 theme specific 1419:1426 arg1 activity 1428:1435 Two-fold higher specific activity 1403:1435 Two-fold higher specific activity 1403:1435 Two-fold higher specific activity was shown by asialoerythropoietin in in vitro analysis compared with the sialoerythropoietin. 28280963 12 97 theme acid 1913:1916 arg1 sites 1926:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites 1883:1930 N-glycan units were constructed; moreover, EPO protein was glycosylated at potential glycosylation amino acid residue sites. 28280963 0 98 dep in 18:19 arg1 vitro 21:25 vitro 21:25 vitro 21:25 Development of an in vitro Bioassay for Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (rHuEPO) Based on Proliferative Stimulation of an Erythroid Cell Line and Analysis of Sialic Acid Dependent Microheterogeneity: UT-7 Cell Bioassay. 28280963 11 99 theme structure 1767:1775 arg1 tools 1801:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools 1746:1805 The quality of the model was validated using Procheck and protein structure analysis (ProSA) server tools. 28280963 2 100 theme In 369:370 arg1 studies 377:383 In vivo studies 369:383 In vivo studies 369:383 In vivo studies are usually employed for evaluating bioactivity of these glycomolecules. 28280963 3 101 theme ethical 535:541 arg1 issues 543:548 ethical issues 535:548 ethical issues associated with in vivo studies 535:580 However, alternative methods are required to simplify the bioassay and avoid ethical issues associated with in vivo studies. 25261472 7 0 theme status 1123:1128 arg1 function 1091:1098 a function 1089:1098 a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation 1089:1162 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 7 0 theme status 1123:1128 arg1 alteration 1054:1063 alteration 1054:1063 alteration of their recruitment 1054:1084 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 8 1 theme glycan 1338:1343 arg1 sites 1345:1349 N-linked glycan sites 1329:1349 N-linked glycan sites 1329:1349 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 6 2 theme protein 987:993 arg1 trafficking 995:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 In this study, we further explore the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking. 25261472 7 3 theme recruitment 1074:1084 arg1 function 1091:1098 a function 1089:1098 a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation 1089:1162 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 7 3 theme recruitment 1074:1084 arg1 alteration 1054:1063 alteration 1054:1063 alteration of their recruitment 1054:1084 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 1 4 theme nano-sized 142:151 arg1 particles 164:172 nano-sized membranous particles 142:172 nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types 142:218 Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. 25261472 1 4 theme nano-sized 142:151 arg1 Exosomes 92:99 Exosomes 92:99 Exosomes 92:99 Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. 25261472 6 5 theme EMV 983:985 arg1 trafficking 995:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 In this study, we further explore the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking. 25261472 9 6 link N-linked 1406:1413 arg1 glycosylation 1415:1427 N-linked glycosylation 1406:1427 N-linked glycosylation 1406:1427 Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs. 25261472 4 7 theme EMV 608:610 arg1 trafficking 620:630 EMV protein trafficking 608:630 EMV protein trafficking 608:630 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 7 8 theme glycosylation 1109:1121 arg1 status 1123:1128 their glycosylation status 1103:1128 their glycosylation status 1103:1128 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 0 9 link N-linked 8:15 arg1 glycans 17:23 Complex N-linked glycans 0:23 Complex N-linked glycans 0:23 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 0 9 link N-linked 8:15 arg1 determinant 36:46 a determinant 34:46 a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 34:89 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 8 10 theme sites 1345:1349 arg1 recruitment 1300:1310 its recruitment 1296:1310 its recruitment 1296:1310 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 8 10 theme sites 1345:1349 arg1 function 1317:1324 a function 1315:1324 a function of N-linked glycan sites 1315:1349 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 6 11 theme glycosylation 966:978 arg1 role 958:961 the role 954:961 the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking 954:1005 In this study, we further explore the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking. 25261472 4 12 theme sorting 705:711 arg1 signal 713:718 a potential sorting signal 693:718 a potential sorting signal 693:718 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 8 13 link N-linked 1329:1336 arg1 sites 1345:1349 N-linked glycan sites 1329:1349 N-linked glycan sites 1329:1349 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 2 14 theme physiological 269:281 arg1 processes 283:291 many physiological processes 264:291 many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression 264:357 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 14 theme physiological 269:281 arg1 signaling 313:321 cell-cell signaling 303:321 cell-cell signaling 303:321 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 14 theme physiological 269:281 arg1 activation 331:340 immune activation 324:340 immune activation 324:340 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 14 theme physiological 269:281 arg1 suppression 347:357 suppression 347:357 suppression 347:357 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 5 15 theme potential 868:876 arg1 role 878:881 a potential role 866:881 a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis 866:917 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 1 16 theme membranous 153:162 arg1 particles 164:172 nano-sized membranous particles 142:172 nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types 142:218 Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. 25261472 1 16 theme membranous 153:162 arg1 Exosomes 92:99 Exosomes 92:99 Exosomes 92:99 Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. 25261472 5 17 theme EMV 904:906 arg1 biogenesis 908:917 EMV biogenesis 904:917 EMV biogenesis 904:917 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 2 18 theme many 264:267 arg1 processes 283:291 many physiological processes 264:291 many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression 264:357 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 18 theme many 264:267 arg1 signaling 313:321 cell-cell signaling 303:321 cell-cell signaling 303:321 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 18 theme many 264:267 arg1 activation 331:340 immune activation 324:340 immune activation 324:340 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 18 theme many 264:267 arg1 suppression 347:357 suppression 347:357 suppression 347:357 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 3 19 theme EMVs 453:456 arg1 dependent 469:477 dependent 469:477 dependent 469:477 The biological functions of EMVs are highly dependent on their protein composition, which can dictate pathogenicity. 25261472 3 19 theme EMVs 453:456 arg1 functions 440:448 The biological functions 425:448 The biological functions of EMVs 425:456 The biological functions of EMVs are highly dependent on their protein composition, which can dictate pathogenicity. 25261472 0 20 theme N-linked 8:15 arg1 glycans 17:23 Complex N-linked glycans 0:23 Complex N-linked glycans 0:23 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 0 20 theme N-linked 8:15 arg1 determinant 36:46 a determinant 34:46 a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 34:89 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 5 21 theme conserved 763:771 arg1 signature 780:788 a conserved glycan signature 761:788 a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis 761:917 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 2 22 theme immune 324:329 arg1 activation 331:340 immune activation 324:340 immune activation 324:340 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 3 23 theme biological 429:438 arg1 dependent 469:477 dependent 469:477 dependent 469:477 The biological functions of EMVs are highly dependent on their protein composition, which can dictate pathogenicity. 25261472 3 23 theme biological 429:438 arg1 functions 440:448 The biological functions 425:448 The biological functions of EMVs 425:456 The biological functions of EMVs are highly dependent on their protein composition, which can dictate pathogenicity. 25261472 0 24 theme Complex 0:6 arg1 glycans 17:23 Complex N-linked glycans 0:23 Complex N-linked glycans 0:23 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 0 24 theme Complex 0:6 arg1 determinant 36:46 a determinant 34:46 a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 34:89 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 8 25 theme EMV 1254:1256 arg1 glycoprotein 1258:1269 a specific EMV glycoprotein 1243:1269 a specific EMV glycoprotein 1243:1269 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 8 25 theme EMV 1254:1256 arg1 EWI-2 1272:1276 EWI-2 1272:1276 EWI-2 1272:1276 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 9 26 theme glycoprotein 1437:1448 arg1 sorting 1450:1456 glycoprotein sorting 1437:1456 glycoprotein sorting into EMVs 1437:1466 Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs. 25261472 2 27 theme disease 383:389 arg1 progression 412:422 tumor progression 406:422 tumor progression 406:422 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 27 theme disease 383:389 arg1 states 391:396 disease states 383:396 disease states such as tumor progression 383:422 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 8 28 theme N-linked 1329:1336 arg1 sites 1345:1349 N-linked glycan sites 1329:1349 N-linked glycan sites 1329:1349 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 5 29 theme parent 832:837 arg1 membranes 844:852 the parent cell membranes 828:852 the parent cell membranes 828:852 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 5 30 theme Previous 721:728 arg1 work 730:733 Previous work 721:733 Previous work from our laboratory 721:753 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 5 31 from laboratory 744:753 arg1 work 730:733 Previous work 721:733 Previous work from our laboratory 721:753 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 2 32 theme cell-cell 303:311 arg1 signaling 313:321 cell-cell signaling 303:321 cell-cell signaling 303:321 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 5 33 theme cell 839:842 arg1 membranes 844:852 the parent cell membranes 828:852 the parent cell membranes 828:852 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 8 34 theme levels 1233:1238 arg1 manipulation 1199:1210 genetic manipulation 1191:1210 genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, 1191:1277 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 8 35 theme glycoprotein 1258:1269 arg1 levels 1233:1238 the glycosylation levels 1215:1238 the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, 1215:1277 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 1 36 theme mammalian 199:207 arg1 types 214:218 nearly all mammalian cell types 188:218 nearly all mammalian cell types 188:218 Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. 25261472 4 37 theme N-linked 667:674 arg1 glycosylation 676:688 N-linked glycosylation 667:688 N-linked glycosylation 667:688 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 6 38 from role 958:961 arg1 trafficking 995:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 In this study, we further explore the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking. 25261472 8 39 gly glycoprotein 1258:1269 arg1 glycoprotein 1258:1269 a specific EMV glycoprotein 1243:1269 a specific EMV glycoprotein 1243:1269 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 8 39 gly glycoprotein 1258:1269 arg1 EWI-2 1272:1276 EWI-2 1272:1276 EWI-2 1272:1276 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 1 40 theme cell 209:212 arg1 types 214:218 nearly all mammalian cell types 188:218 nearly all mammalian cell types 188:218 Exosomes, also known as microvesicles (EMVs), are nano-sized membranous particles secreted from nearly all mammalian cell types. 25261472 7 41 theme pharmacological 1135:1149 arg1 manipulation 1151:1162 pharmacological manipulation 1135:1162 pharmacological manipulation 1135:1162 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 8 42 theme glycosylation 1219:1231 arg1 levels 1233:1238 the glycosylation levels 1215:1238 the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, 1215:1277 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 5 43 theme glycan 773:778 arg1 signature 780:788 a conserved glycan signature 761:788 a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis 761:917 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 4 44 link N-linked 667:674 arg1 glycosylation 676:688 N-linked glycosylation 667:688 N-linked glycosylation 667:688 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 6 45 gly glycosylation 966:978 arg1 EMV 983:985 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 In this study, we further explore the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking. 25261472 6 45 gly glycosylation 966:978 arg1 protein 987:993 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 EMV protein trafficking 983:1005 In this study, we further explore the role of glycosylation in EMV protein trafficking. 25261472 7 46 theme EMV 1020:1022 arg1 glycoproteins 1024:1036 EMV glycoproteins 1020:1036 EMV glycoproteins 1020:1036 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 7 47 gly glycoproteins 1024:1036 arg1 glycoproteins 1024:1036 EMV glycoproteins 1020:1036 EMV glycoproteins 1020:1036 We identify EMV glycoproteins and demonstrate alteration of their recruitment as a function of their glycosylation status upon pharmacological manipulation. 25261472 4 48 theme trafficking 620:630 arg1 regulation 594:603 the regulation 590:603 the regulation of EMV protein trafficking 590:630 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 8 49 theme genetic 1191:1197 arg1 manipulation 1199:1210 genetic manipulation 1191:1210 genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, 1191:1277 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 3 50 theme protein 488:494 arg1 composition 496:506 their protein composition 482:506 their protein composition 482:506 The biological functions of EMVs are highly dependent on their protein composition, which can dictate pathogenicity. 25261472 4 51 theme protein 612:618 arg1 trafficking 620:630 EMV protein trafficking 608:630 EMV protein trafficking 608:630 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 0 52 theme cargo 73:77 arg1 recruitment 79:89 exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 52:89 exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 52:89 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 2 53 theme tumor 406:410 arg1 progression 412:422 tumor progression 406:422 tumor progression 406:422 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 2 54 theme critical 246:253 arg1 roles 255:259 critical roles 246:259 critical roles 246:259 These nanoparticles play critical roles in many physiological processes including cell-cell signaling, immune activation, and suppression and are associated with disease states such as tumor progression. 25261472 5 55 from role 878:881 arg1 biogenesis 908:917 EMV biogenesis 904:917 EMV biogenesis 904:917 Previous work from our laboratory found a conserved glycan signature for EMVs, which differed from that of the parent cell membranes, suggesting a potential role for glycosylation in EMV biogenesis. 25261472 4 56 theme potential 695:703 arg1 signal 713:718 a potential sorting signal 693:718 a potential sorting signal 693:718 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 8 57 theme specific 1245:1252 arg1 glycoprotein 1258:1269 a specific EMV glycoprotein 1243:1269 a specific EMV glycoprotein 1243:1269 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 8 57 theme specific 1245:1252 arg1 EWI-2 1272:1276 EWI-2 1272:1276 EWI-2 1272:1276 Furthermore, we show that genetic manipulation of the glycosylation levels of a specific EMV glycoprotein, EWI-2, directly impacts its recruitment as a function of N-linked glycan sites. 25261472 4 58 theme little 633:638 arg1 attention 640:648 little attention 633:648 little attention 633:648 Although some mechanisms have been proposed for the regulation of EMV protein trafficking, little attention has been paid to N-linked glycosylation as a potential sorting signal. 25261472 0 59 theme exosome/microvesicle 52:71 arg1 recruitment 79:89 exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 52:89 exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment 52:89 Complex N-linked glycans serve as a determinant for exosome/microvesicle cargo recruitment. 25261472 9 60 gly glycoprotein 1437:1448 arg1 glycoprotein 1437:1448 glycoprotein sorting 1437:1456 glycoprotein sorting into EMVs 1437:1466 Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs. 25261472 9 61 theme strong 1385:1390 arg1 evidence 1392:1399 strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs 1385:1466 strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs 1385:1466 Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs. 25261472 9 62 theme N-linked 1406:1413 arg1 glycosylation 1415:1427 N-linked glycosylation 1406:1427 N-linked glycosylation 1406:1427 Taken together, our data provide strong evidence that N-linked glycosylation directs glycoprotein sorting into EMVs. 28952521 7 0 theme IgA 1214:1216 arg1 dimers 1218:1223 IgA dimers 1214:1223 IgA dimers 1214:1223 Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. 28952521 3 1 contain possess 395:401 arg1 antibodies 384:393 IgA antibodies 380:393 IgA antibodies 380:393 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 3 1 contain possess 395:401 arg2 sites 430:434 up to five N-glycosylation sites 403:434 up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain 403:482 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 5 2 theme IgA 909:911 arg1 production 890:899 the production 886:899 the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor 886:962 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 3 3 theme N-glycosylation 414:428 arg1 sites 430:434 up to five N-glycosylation sites 403:434 up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain 403:482 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 1 4 theme immunotherapy 185:197 arg1 options 199:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 6 5 theme glycan 1117:1122 arg1 structures 1124:1133 no non-human glycan structures 1104:1133 no non-human glycan structures 1104:1133 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 5 6 theme practice 864:871 arg1 feasibility 830:840 The feasibility 826:840 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice 826:871 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 10 7 gly glycosylation 1686:1698 arg1 antibodies 1664:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies 1640:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation 1640:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 9 8 theme IgG 1482:1484 arg1 antibodies 1486:1495 therapeutic IgG antibodies 1470:1495 therapeutic IgG antibodies 1470:1495 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 8 9 theme IgA 1266:1268 arg1 antibodies 1270:1279 The IgA antibodies 1262:1279 The IgA antibodies 1262:1279 The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. 28952521 4 10 with biotherapeutics 594:608 arg1 glycosylation 625:637 optimized glycosylation 615:637 optimized glycosylation 615:637 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 4 11 theme IgA 676:678 arg1 antibodies 688:697 IgA isotype antibodies 676:697 IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 676:823 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 4 12 theme solid 728:732 arg1 indications 813:823 solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 728:823 solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 728:823 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 5 13 theme g 907:907 arg1 IgA 909:911 11 g IgA 904:911 11 g IgA 904:911 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 1 14 theme functional 127:136 arg1 diversity 138:146 the functional diversity 123:146 the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 123:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 4 15 theme isotype 680:686 arg1 antibodies 688:697 IgA isotype antibodies 676:697 IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 676:823 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 1 16 theme current 151:157 arg1 options 199:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 8 17 theme Fc-mediated 1307:1317 arg1 functionalities 1319:1333 potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities 1291:1333 potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities 1291:1333 The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. 28952521 7 18 theme antigen 1194:1200 arg1 binding 1202:1208 increased avidity antigen binding 1176:1208 increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers 1176:1223 Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. 28952521 1 19 theme antibody-based 163:176 arg1 options 199:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 7 20 theme increased 1176:1184 arg1 binding 1202:1208 increased avidity antigen binding 1176:1208 increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers 1176:1223 Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. 28952521 8 21 theme cell 1350:1353 arg1 lines 1355:1359 cancer cell lines 1343:1359 cancer cell lines 1343:1359 The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. 28952521 10 22 theme antibodies 1664:1673 arg1 panel 1631:1635 a panel 1629:1635 a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation 1629:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 5 23 theme liter 937:941 arg1 bioreactor 953:962 a one liter perfusion bioreactor 931:962 a one liter perfusion bioreactor 931:962 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 3 24 theme IgA 380:382 arg1 antibodies 384:393 IgA antibodies 380:393 IgA antibodies 380:393 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 10 25 theme biofunctional 1646:1658 arg1 antibodies 1664:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies 1640:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation 1640:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 0 26 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Antibodies 39:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies 0:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy 0:73 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. 28952521 1 27 theme great 96:100 arg1 potential 102:110 great potential 96:110 great potential 96:110 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 4 28 theme human 532:536 arg1 system 562:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 0 29 theme Line-Derived 11:22 arg1 Antibodies 39:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies 0:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy 0:73 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. 28952521 9 30 theme cancer 1592:1597 arg1 immunotherapy 1599:1611 cancer immunotherapy 1592:1611 cancer immunotherapy 1592:1611 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 8 31 theme Fab- 1298:1301 arg1 functionalities 1319:1333 potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities 1291:1333 potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities 1291:1333 The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. 28952521 4 32 theme expression 551:560 arg1 system 562:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 3 33 theme constant 449:456 arg1 region 458:463 their constant region 443:463 their constant region of the heavy chain 443:482 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 10 34 theme human 1680:1684 arg1 glycosylation 1686:1698 human glycosylation 1680:1698 human glycosylation 1680:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 0 35 theme IgA 35:37 arg1 Antibodies 39:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies 0:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy 0:73 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. 28952521 4 36 theme cancer 806:811 arg1 indications 813:823 solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 728:823 solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 728:823 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 5 37 theme high 987:990 arg1 purity 992:997 high purity 987:997 high purity 987:997 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 2 38 theme IgA 217:219 arg1 production 221:230 IgA production 217:230 IgA production 217:230 However, IgA production and purification is not well established, which can at least in part be attributed to the more complex glycosylation as compared to IgG antibodies. 28952521 3 39 theme heavy 472:476 arg1 chain 478:482 the heavy chain 468:482 the heavy chain 468:482 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 5 40 from days 923:926 arg1 bioreactor 953:962 a one liter perfusion bioreactor 931:962 a one liter perfusion bioreactor 931:962 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 7 41 theme monomeric 1240:1248 arg1 antibodies 1250:1259 monomeric antibodies 1240:1259 monomeric antibodies 1240:1259 Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. 28952521 4 42 theme hematological 785:797 arg1 indications 813:823 solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 728:823 solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 728:823 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 2 43 theme IgG 364:366 arg1 antibodies 368:377 IgG antibodies 364:377 IgG antibodies 364:377 However, IgA production and purification is not well established, which can at least in part be attributed to the more complex glycosylation as compared to IgG antibodies. 28952521 5 44 theme good 845:848 arg1 practice 864:871 good manufacturing practice 845:871 good manufacturing practice 845:871 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 4 45 theme optimized 615:623 arg1 glycosylation 625:637 optimized glycosylation 615:637 optimized glycosylation 615:637 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 10 46 with antibodies 1664:1673 arg1 glycosylation 1686:1698 human glycosylation 1680:1698 human glycosylation 1680:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 6 47 theme IgA 1048:1050 arg1 antibodies 1052:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies 1033:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies 1033:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 9 48 theme current 1528:1534 arg1 options 1545:1551 current regiment options 1528:1551 current regiment options 1528:1551 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 3 49 theme IgG 512:514 arg1 antibodies 516:525 IgG antibodies 512:525 IgG antibodies 512:525 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 5 50 theme manufacturing 850:862 arg1 practice 864:871 good manufacturing practice 845:871 good manufacturing practice 845:871 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 1 51 theme cancer 178:183 arg1 options 199:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 1 52 theme options 199:205 arg1 diversity 138:146 the functional diversity 123:146 the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 123:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 6 53 theme non-human 1107:1115 arg1 structures 1124:1133 no non-human glycan structures 1104:1133 no non-human glycan structures 1104:1133 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 9 54 theme regiment 1536:1543 arg1 options 1545:1551 current regiment options 1528:1551 current regiment options 1528:1551 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 5 55 from antibodies 973:982 arg1 purity 992:997 high purity 987:997 high purity 987:997 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 9 56 theme therapeutic 1470:1480 arg1 antibodies 1486:1495 therapeutic IgG antibodies 1470:1495 therapeutic IgG antibodies 1470:1495 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 1 57 contain have 91:94 arg1 antibodies 80:89 IgA antibodies 76:89 IgA antibodies 76:89 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 1 57 contain have 91:94 arg2 potential 102:110 great potential 96:110 great potential 96:110 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 9 58 theme IgA 1498:1500 arg1 antibodies 1502:1511 IgA antibodies 1498:1511 IgA antibodies 1498:1511 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 6 59 contain possessed 1063:1071 arg2 degree 1092:1097 a high sialylation degree 1073:1097 a high sialylation degree 1073:1097 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 6 59 contain possessed 1063:1071 arg1 antibodies 1052:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies 1033:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies 1033:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 8 60 theme potent 1291:1296 arg1 functionalities 1319:1333 potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities 1291:1333 potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities 1291:1333 The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. 28952521 7 61 theme avidity 1186:1192 arg1 binding 1202:1208 increased avidity antigen binding 1176:1208 increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers 1176:1223 Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. 28952521 4 62 used used 643:646 arg2 system 562:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 1 63 theme IgG 159:161 arg1 options 199:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options 151:205 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 4 64 theme antibodies 688:697 arg1 panel 667:671 a panel 665:671 a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications 665:823 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 6 65 theme high 1075:1078 arg1 degree 1092:1097 a high sialylation degree 1073:1097 a high sialylation degree 1073:1097 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 7 66 theme Kinetic 1150:1156 arg1 analysis 1158:1165 Kinetic analysis 1150:1165 Kinetic analysis 1150:1165 Kinetic analysis revealed increased avidity antigen binding for IgA dimers as compared to monomeric antibodies. 28952521 4 67 gly glycosylation 625:637 arg1 biotherapeutics 594:608 biotherapeutics 594:608 biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation 594:637 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 1 68 theme IgA 76:78 arg1 antibodies 80:89 IgA antibodies 76:89 IgA antibodies 76:89 IgA antibodies have great potential to improve the functional diversity of current IgG antibody-based cancer immunotherapy options. 28952521 6 69 theme monoclonal 1037:1046 arg1 antibodies 1052:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies 1033:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies 1033:1061 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 8 70 theme cancer 1343:1348 arg1 lines 1355:1359 cancer cell lines 1343:1359 cancer cell lines 1343:1359 The IgA antibodies exhibited potent Fab- and Fc-mediated functionalities against cancer cell lines, whereby especially granulocytes are recruited. 28952521 10 71 theme IgA 1660:1662 arg1 antibodies 1664:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies 1640:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation 1640:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 0 72 theme Cell 6:9 arg1 Antibodies 39:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies 0:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy 0:73 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. 28952521 9 73 theme promising 1569:1577 arg1 strategy 1579:1586 a promising strategy 1567:1586 a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy 1567:1611 Therefore, for patients who do not sufficiently benefit from therapeutic IgG antibodies, IgA antibodies may complement current regiment options and represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. 28952521 4 74 theme GlycoExpress 538:549 arg1 system 562:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system 528:567 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 3 75 dep five 409:412 arg1 to 406:407 to 406:407 to 406:407 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 10 76 theme novel 1640:1644 arg1 antibodies 1664:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies 1640:1673 novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation 1640:1698 In conclusion, a panel of novel biofunctional IgA antibodies with human glycosylation was successfully generated. 28952521 0 77 theme Monoclonal 24:33 arg1 Antibodies 39:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies 0:48 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy 0:73 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. 28952521 5 78 theme IgA 969:971 arg1 antibodies 973:982 IgA antibodies 969:982 IgA antibodies in high purity 969:997 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 0 79 theme Cancer 54:59 arg1 Immunotherapy 61:73 Cancer Immunotherapy 54:73 Cancer Immunotherapy 54:73 Human Cell Line-Derived Monoclonal IgA Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy. 28952521 2 80 theme complex 327:333 arg1 glycosylation 335:347 the more complex glycosylation 318:347 the more complex glycosylation 318:347 However, IgA production and purification is not well established, which can at least in part be attributed to the more complex glycosylation as compared to IgG antibodies. 28952521 5 81 theme perfusion 943:951 arg1 bioreactor 953:962 a one liter perfusion bioreactor 931:962 a one liter perfusion bioreactor 931:962 The feasibility of good manufacturing practice was shown by the production of 11 g IgA within 35 days in a one liter perfusion bioreactor, and IgA antibodies in high purity were obtained after purification. 28952521 4 82 dep solid 728:732 arg1 CD20 800:803 CD20 800:803 CD20 800:803 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 4 82 dep solid 728:732 arg1 Thomsen-Friedenreich 759:778 Thomsen-Friedenreich 759:778 Thomsen-Friedenreich 759:778 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 4 82 dep solid 728:732 arg1 EGFR 753:756 EGFR 753:756 EGFR 753:756 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 4 82 dep solid 728:732 arg1 TA-mucin 735:742 TA-mucin 1 735:744 TA-mucin 1 735:744 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 4 82 dep solid 728:732 arg1 Her2 747:750 Her2 747:750 Her2 747:750 The human GlycoExpress expression system was developed to produce biotherapeutics with optimized glycosylation and used here to generate a panel of IgA isotype antibodies directed against targets for solid (TA-mucin 1, Her2, EGFR, Thomsen-Friedenreich) and hematological (CD20) cancer indications. 28952521 6 83 theme sialylation 1080:1090 arg1 degree 1092:1097 a high sialylation degree 1073:1097 a high sialylation degree 1073:1097 The monoclonal IgA antibodies possessed a high sialylation degree, and no non-human glycan structures were detected. 28952521 3 84 theme chain 478:482 arg1 region 458:463 their constant region 443:463 their constant region of the heavy chain 443:482 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 3 85 gly N-glycosylation 414:428 arg2 five 409:412 five 409:412 five 409:412 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28952521 3 85 gly N-glycosylation 414:428 arg2 sites 430:434 up to five N-glycosylation sites 403:434 up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain 403:482 IgA antibodies possess up to five N-glycosylation sites within their constant region of the heavy chain as compared to one site for IgG antibodies. 28554385 5 0 theme Mgat4 797:801 arg1 genes 803:807 the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes 783:807 genes 803:807 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 3 1 theme common 476:481 arg1 substrate 483:491 a common substrate 474:491 a common substrate 474:491 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 1 2 theme N-glycosylation 253:267 arg1 sites 269:273 three N-glycosylation sites 247:273 three N-glycosylation sites 247:273 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 9 3 from expression 1360:1369 arg1 pathway 1398:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 7 4 theme excess 1071:1076 arg1 gene 1084:1087 excess Mgat4 gene 1071:1087 excess Mgat4 gene 1071:1087 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 9 5 theme Mgat 1350:1353 arg1 expression 1360:1369 Mgat gene expression 1350:1369 Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1350:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 9 6 theme expression 1360:1369 arg1 regulation 1336:1345 regulation 1336:1345 regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1336:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 9 6 theme expression 1360:1369 arg1 approach 1421:1428 a novel approach 1413:1428 a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans 1413:1479 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 3 7 theme ovary 546:550 arg1 cells 558:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 6 8 theme increased 921:929 arg1 expression 936:945 increased gene expression 921:945 increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 921:996 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 9 9 theme novel 1415:1419 arg1 regulation 1336:1345 regulation 1336:1345 regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1336:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 9 9 theme novel 1415:1419 arg1 approach 1421:1428 a novel approach 1413:1428 a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans 1413:1479 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 3 10 theme Chinese 530:536 arg1 cells 558:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 9 11 theme biosynthesis 1385:1396 arg1 pathway 1398:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 4 12 theme expression 600:609 arg1 control 584:590 genetic control 576:590 genetic control of Mgat expression 576:609 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 4 12 theme expression 600:609 arg1 method 627:632 an effective method 614:632 an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity 614:697 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 5 13 theme CHO 812:814 arg1 cells 816:820 CHO cells 812:820 CHO cells 812:820 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 6 14 theme transfected 891:901 arg1 lines 908:912 All transfected cell lines 887:912 All transfected cell lines 887:912 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 7 15 theme acid 1006:1009 arg1 content 1011:1017 Sialic acid content 999:1017 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO 999:1028 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 3 16 theme CHO 553:555 arg1 cells 558:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 5 17 theme Mgat4 864:868 arg1 expression 875:884 Mgat4 gene expression 864:884 Mgat4 gene expression 864:884 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 4 18 theme glycan 680:685 arg1 antennarity 687:697 glycan antennarity 680:697 glycan antennarity 680:697 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 6 19 theme overexpressing 973:986 arg1 line 993:996 Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 967:996 Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 967:996 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 8 20 theme genes 1256:1260 arg1 co-transfection 1217:1231 co-transfection 1217:1231 co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 1217:1278 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 5 21 theme sialylated 718:727 arg1 Alb-EPO 753:759 Alb-EPO 753:759 Alb-EPO 753:759 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 5 21 theme sialylated 718:727 arg1 albumin-erythropoietin 729:750 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 711:750 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO) 711:760 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 1 22 theme recombinant 147:157 arg1 erythropoietin 165:178 recombinant human erythropoietin 147:178 recombinant human erythropoietin 147:178 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 4 23 theme acid 653:656 arg1 contents 658:665 sialic acid contents 646:665 sialic acid contents 646:665 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 1 24 theme erythropoietin 165:178 arg1 N-glycan 135:142 N-glycan 135:142 N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin 135:178 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 6 25 theme Mgat4 950:954 arg1 expression 936:945 increased gene expression 921:945 increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 921:996 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 0 26 from Co-overexpression 0:16 arg1 cells 44:48 CHO cells 40:48 CHO cells 40:48 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 5 27 gly sialylated 718:727 arg1 Alb-EPO 753:759 Alb-EPO 753:759 Alb-EPO 753:759 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 5 27 gly sialylated 718:727 arg1 albumin-erythropoietin 729:750 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 711:750 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO) 711:760 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 3 28 from expression 516:525 arg1 cells 558:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 0 29 theme sialylated 75:84 arg1 albumin-erythropoietin 86:107 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 68:107 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 68:107 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 7 30 theme tetra-antennary 1131:1145 arg1 structure 1147:1155 a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure 1113:1155 a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure 1113:1155 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 1 31 gly N-glycosylation 253:267 arg2 sites 269:273 three N-glycosylation sites 247:273 three N-glycosylation sites 247:273 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 1 31 gly N-glycosylation 253:267 arg2 three 247:251 three 247:251 three 247:251 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 9 32 theme N-glycans 1471:1479 arg1 acids 1462:1466 the terminal sialic acids 1442:1466 the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans 1442:1479 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 2 33 theme structure 409:417 arg1 formation 377:385 the formation 373:385 the formation of a glycan antennary structure 373:417 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 7 34 theme tri- 1122:1125 arg1 structure 1147:1155 a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure 1113:1155 a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure 1113:1155 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 2 35 theme glycan 392:397 arg1 structure 409:417 a glycan antennary structure 390:417 a glycan antennary structure 390:417 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 2 36 dep Mgat1 332:336 arg1 i.e. 327:330 i.e. 327:330 i.e. 327:330 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 0 37 theme Mgat1 21:25 arg1 Co-overexpression 0:16 Co-overexpression 0:16 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 0:108 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 1 38 theme Terminal 110:117 arg1 acids 126:130 Terminal sialic acids 110:130 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin 110:178 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 8 39 theme structures 1318:1327 arg1 extension 1295:1303 extension 1295:1303 extension of antennary structures 1295:1327 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 0 40 theme Mgat4 31:35 arg1 Co-overexpression 0:16 Co-overexpression 0:16 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 0:108 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 9 41 from regulation 1336:1345 arg1 pathway 1398:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 9 42 from pathway 1398:1404 arg1 regulation 1336:1345 regulation 1336:1345 regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1336:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 9 42 from pathway 1398:1404 arg1 approach 1421:1428 a novel approach 1413:1428 a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans 1413:1479 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 0 43 theme CHO 40:42 arg1 cells 44:48 CHO cells 40:48 CHO cells 40:48 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 3 44 theme different 442:450 arg1 kinetics 461:468 different reaction kinetics 442:468 different reaction kinetics for a common substrate 442:491 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 7 45 with cells 1060:1064 arg1 gene 1084:1087 excess Mgat4 gene 1071:1087 excess Mgat4 gene 1071:1087 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 1 46 dep in 203:204 arg1 vivo 206:209 vivo 206:209 vivo 206:209 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 8 47 from ratio 1267:1271 arg1 co-transfection 1217:1231 co-transfection 1217:1231 co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 1217:1278 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 7 48 theme Mgat4 1078:1082 arg1 gene 1084:1087 excess Mgat4 gene 1071:1087 excess Mgat4 gene 1071:1087 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 3 49 theme low 512:514 arg1 expression 516:525 low expression 512:525 low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 512:562 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 7 50 theme co-transfected 1045:1058 arg1 cells 1060:1064 co-transfected cells 1045:1064 co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene 1045:1087 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 9 51 theme gene 1355:1358 arg1 expression 1360:1369 Mgat gene expression 1350:1369 Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1350:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 3 52 theme hamster 538:544 arg1 cells 558:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 530:562 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 6 53 theme gene 931:934 arg1 expression 936:945 increased gene expression 921:945 increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 921:996 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 4 54 theme effective 617:625 arg1 control 584:590 genetic control 576:590 genetic control of Mgat expression 576:609 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 4 54 theme effective 617:625 arg1 method 627:632 an effective method 614:632 an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity 614:697 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 7 55 theme Alb-EPO 1022:1028 arg1 content 1011:1017 Sialic acid content 999:1017 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO 999:1028 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 9 56 theme glycan 1378:1383 arg1 pathway 1398:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 the glycan biosynthesis pathway 1374:1404 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 5 57 theme Mgat1 858:862 arg1 ratio 849:853 the optimal ratio 837:853 the optimal ratio of Mgat1 837:862 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 9 58 theme terminal 1446:1453 arg1 acids 1462:1466 the terminal sialic acids 1442:1466 the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans 1442:1479 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 1 59 contain has 243:245 arg1 glycoprotein 230:241 this glycoprotein 225:241 this glycoprotein 225:241 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 1 59 contain has 243:245 arg2 sites 269:273 three N-glycosylation sites 247:273 three N-glycosylation sites 247:273 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 6 60 theme cell 903:906 arg1 lines 908:912 All transfected cell lines 887:912 All transfected cell lines 887:912 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 4 61 theme Mgat 595:598 arg1 expression 600:609 Mgat expression 595:609 Mgat expression 595:609 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 7 62 theme Sialic 999:1004 arg1 content 1011:1017 Sialic acid content 999:1017 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO 999:1028 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 1 63 theme sialic 119:124 arg1 acids 126:130 Terminal sialic acids 110:130 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin 110:178 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 5 64 from genes 803:807 arg1 cells 816:820 CHO cells 812:820 CHO cells 812:820 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 5 65 theme gene 870:873 arg1 expression 875:884 Mgat4 gene expression 864:884 Mgat4 gene expression 864:884 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 6 66 theme cell 988:991 arg1 line 993:996 Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 967:996 Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 967:996 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 8 67 theme Mgat1 1240:1244 arg1 genes 1256:1260 the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes 1236:1260 genes 1256:1260 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 1 68 theme in 203:204 arg1 half-life 211:219 in vivo half-life 203:219 in vivo half-life 203:219 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 5 69 theme optimal 841:847 arg1 ratio 849:853 the optimal ratio 837:853 the optimal ratio of Mgat1 837:862 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 6 70 theme Mgat1 967:971 arg1 line 993:996 Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 967:996 Mgat1 overexpressing cell line 967:996 All transfected cell lines showed increased gene expression of Mgat4, including Mgat1 overexpressing cell line. 28554385 8 71 theme Mgat4 1250:1254 arg1 genes 1256:1260 the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes 1236:1260 genes 1256:1260 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 7 72 theme control 1162:1168 arg1 cells 1170:1174 control cells 1162:1174 control cells 1162:1174 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 1 73 theme human 159:163 arg1 erythropoietin 165:178 recombinant human erythropoietin 147:178 recombinant human erythropoietin 147:178 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 4 74 theme sialic 646:651 arg1 contents 658:665 sialic acid contents 646:665 sialic acid contents 646:665 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 0 75 theme albumin-erythropoietin 86:107 arg1 production 54:63 production 54:63 production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 54:107 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 9 76 theme sialic 1455:1460 arg1 acids 1462:1466 the terminal sialic acids 1442:1466 the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans 1442:1479 Also, regulation of Mgat gene expression in the glycan biosynthesis pathway can be a novel approach to increase the terminal sialic acids of N-glycans. 28554385 7 77 dep tri- 1122:1125 arg1 higher 1115:1120 higher 1115:1120 higher 1115:1120 Sialic acid content of Alb-EPO was highest in co-transfected cells with excess Mgat4 gene, and these cells showed a higher tri- and tetra-antennary structure than control cells. 28554385 1 78 gly glycoprotein 230:241 arg1 glycoprotein 230:241 this glycoprotein 225:241 this glycoprotein 225:241 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 8 79 theme 2:8 1276:1278 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a ratio 1265:1271 a ratio of 2:8 1265:1278 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 0 80 gly sialylated 75:84 arg1 albumin-erythropoietin 86:107 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 68:107 highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin 68:107 Co-overexpression of Mgat1 and Mgat4 in CHO cells for production of highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin. 28554385 2 81 theme antennary 399:407 arg1 structure 409:417 a glycan antennary structure 390:417 a glycan antennary structure 390:417 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 5 82 theme Mgat1 787:791 arg1 genes 803:807 the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes 783:807 genes 803:807 To produce highly sialylated albumin-erythropoietin (Alb-EPO), we co-overexpressed the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes in CHO cells and determined the optimal ratio of Mgat1:Mgat4 gene expression. 28554385 1 83 from acids 126:130 arg1 N-glycan 135:142 N-glycan 135:142 N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin 135:178 Terminal sialic acids on N-glycan of recombinant human erythropoietin are very important for in vivo half-life, as this glycoprotein has three N-glycosylation sites. 28554385 8 84 theme antennary 1308:1316 arg1 structures 1318:1327 antennary structures 1308:1327 antennary structures 1308:1327 Based on these results, we suggest that co-transfection of the Mgat1 and Mgat4 genes at a ratio of 2:8 is optimal for extension of antennary structures. 28554385 3 85 theme reaction 452:459 arg1 kinetics 461:468 different reaction kinetics 442:468 different reaction kinetics for a common substrate 442:491 These enzymes display different reaction kinetics for a common substrate and generally show low expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28554385 2 86 dep N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 276:307 arg1 Mgat5 357:361 Mgat5 357:361 Mgat5 357:361 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 2 86 dep N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 276:307 arg1 Mgat2 339:343 Mgat2 339:343 Mgat2 339:343 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 2 86 dep N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 276:307 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 276:307 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V 276:324 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) 276:362 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 2 86 dep N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 276:307 arg1 Mgat1 332:336 Mgat1 332:336 Mgat1 332:336 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 2 86 dep N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases 276:307 arg1 Mgat4 346:350 Mgat4 346:350 Mgat4 346:350 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I, II, IV, and V (i.e. Mgat1, Mgat2, Mgat4, and Mgat5) catalyze the formation of a glycan antennary structure. 28554385 4 87 theme genetic 576:582 arg1 control 584:590 genetic control 576:590 genetic control of Mgat expression 576:609 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 28554385 4 87 theme genetic 576:582 arg1 method 627:632 an effective method 614:632 an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity 614:697 Therefore, genetic control of Mgat expression is an effective method to increase sialic acid contents by enhancing glycan antennarity. 24531467 1 0 theme latex 324:328 arg1 allergy 330:336 latex allergy 324:336 latex allergy 324:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 4 1 theme sites 834:838 arg1 sites 834:838 the binding sites 822:838 the binding sites for IgE 822:846 These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. 24531467 4 1 theme sites 834:838 arg1 one 815:817 one 815:817 one 815:817 These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. 24531467 4 1 theme sites 834:838 arg1 patch 755:759 a patch 753:759 a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE 753:846 These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. 24531467 1 2 theme Endogenous 147:156 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 2 theme Endogenous 147:156 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 2 theme Endogenous 147:156 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 3 theme latex 242:246 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 3 theme latex 242:246 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 0 4 from analysis 11:18 arg1 brasiliensis 94:105 Hevea brasiliensis 88:105 Hevea brasiliensis 88:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 4 5 theme binding 826:832 arg1 sites 834:838 the binding sites 822:838 the binding sites for IgE 822:846 These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. 24531467 1 6 theme glycosylated 158:169 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 6 theme glycosylated 158:169 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 6 theme glycosylated 158:169 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 3 7 gly glycosylation 643:655 arg2 sites 657:661 two glycosylation sites 639:661 two glycosylation sites 639:661 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 3 7 gly glycosylation 643:655 arg2 two 639:641 two 639:641 two 639:641 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 0 8 theme Hevea 88:92 arg1 brasiliensis 94:105 Hevea brasiliensis 88:105 Hevea brasiliensis 88:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 8 9 theme Hev 1347:1349 arg1 b 1351:1351 Hev b 2 1347:1353 Hev b 2 1347:1353 Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. 24531467 8 10 theme allergenic 1368:1377 arg1 epitope 1383:1389 an allergenic IgE epitope 1365:1389 an allergenic IgE epitope 1365:1389 Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. 24531467 3 11 theme Hev 535:537 arg1 b 539:539 Hev b 2 535:541 Hev b 2 535:541 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 7 12 theme video 1178:1182 arg1 microscopy 1184:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy 1157:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 1157:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 3 13 theme crystal 708:714 arg1 polymorphs 716:725 two crystal polymorphs 704:725 two crystal polymorphs 704:725 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 1 14 from patients 299:306 arg1 antibodies 283:292 IgE antibodies 279:292 IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 279:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 4 15 from patch 755:759 arg1 surface 768:774 the surface 764:774 the surface of the molecule 764:790 These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. 24531467 2 16 theme carbohydrate 343:354 arg1 moieties 356:363 The carbohydrate moieties 339:363 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 339:374 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 6 17 theme antibody 1040:1047 arg1 binding 1049:1055 IgE antibody binding 1036:1055 IgE antibody binding 1036:1055 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 3 18 theme isoform 521:527 arg1 structure 493:501 the structure 489:501 the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, 489:685 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 6 19 theme carbohydrate 1011:1022 arg1 moieties 1024:1031 the carbohydrate moieties 1007:1031 the carbohydrate moieties 1007:1031 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 1 20 theme Hev 171:173 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 20 theme Hev 171:173 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 20 theme Hev 171:173 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 6 21 gly deglycosylated 1127:1140 arg1 glycoallergen 1095:1107 the glycoallergen 1091:1107 the glycoallergen 1091:1107 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 8 22 from carbohydrates 1330:1342 arg1 b 1351:1351 Hev b 2 1347:1353 Hev b 2 1347:1353 Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. 24531467 6 23 theme moieties 1024:1031 arg1 role 999:1002 the role 995:1002 the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation 995:1088 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 9 24 theme defence 1501:1507 arg1 protein 1509:1515 this plant defence protein 1490:1515 this plant defence protein 1490:1515 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 7 25 theme basophils 1198:1206 arg1 microscopy 1184:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy 1157:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 1157:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 2 26 theme b 372:372 arg1 moieties 356:363 The carbohydrate moieties 339:363 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 339:374 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 0 27 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 0:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 5 28 theme important 891:899 arg1 present 910:916 the most important N-glycan present 882:916 the most important N-glycan present in this protein 882:932 A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. 24531467 2 29 theme Hev 368:370 arg1 b 372:372 Hev b 2 368:374 Hev b 2 368:374 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 7 30 gly glycosylated 1224:1235 arg1 b 1241:1241 glycosylated Hev b 2 1224:1243 glycosylated Hev b 2 1224:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 6 31 from role 999:1002 arg1 binding 1049:1055 IgE antibody binding 1036:1055 IgE antibody binding 1036:1055 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 6 31 from role 999:1002 arg1 activation 1079:1088 human basophil activation 1064:1088 human basophil activation 1064:1088 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 3 32 theme b 539:539 arg1 isoform 521:527 the endogenous isoform II 506:530 the endogenous isoform II 506:530 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 2 33 theme IgE-binding 411:421 arg1 epitope 423:429 a potentially important IgE-binding epitope 387:429 a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity 387:480 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 2 33 theme IgE-binding 411:421 arg1 responsible 445:455 responsible 445:455 responsible 445:455 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 1 34 theme IgE 279:281 arg1 antibodies 283:292 IgE antibodies 279:292 IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 279:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 3 35 theme glycosylation 643:655 arg1 sites 657:661 two glycosylation sites 639:661 two glycosylation sites 639:661 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 6 36 theme IgE 1036:1038 arg1 binding 1049:1055 IgE antibody binding 1036:1055 IgE antibody binding 1036:1055 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 9 37 theme protein 1509:1515 arg1 mechanism 1477:1485 a regulatory mechanism 1464:1485 a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein 1464:1515 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 2 38 theme important 401:409 arg1 epitope 423:429 a potentially important IgE-binding epitope 387:429 a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity 387:480 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 2 38 theme important 401:409 arg1 responsible 445:455 responsible 445:455 responsible 445:455 The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. 24531467 0 39 theme glycoallergen 38:50 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 39 theme glycoallergen 38:50 arg1 b 56:56 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 23:58 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 23:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 9 40 theme regulatory 1466:1475 arg1 mechanism 1477:1485 a regulatory mechanism 1464:1485 a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein 1464:1515 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 0 41 theme human 130:134 arg1 basophils 136:144 human basophils 130:144 human basophils 130:144 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 5 42 theme specific 966:973 arg1 enzymes 975:981 specific enzymes 966:981 specific enzymes 966:981 A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. 24531467 9 43 theme asymmetric 1431:1440 arg1 unit 1442:1445 each asymmetric unit 1426:1445 each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein 1426:1515 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 0 44 theme endogenous 27:36 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 44 theme endogenous 27:36 arg1 b 56:56 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 23:58 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 23:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 1 45 theme Hevea 207:211 arg1 brasiliensis 213:224 Hevea brasiliensis 207:224 Hevea brasiliensis 207:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 0 46 theme b 56:56 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 0:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 46 theme b 56:56 arg1 recognition 115:125 its recognition 111:125 its recognition by human basophils 111:144 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 7 47 theme automated 1168:1176 arg1 microscopy 1184:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy 1157:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 1157:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 1 48 from brasiliensis 213:224 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 48 from brasiliensis 213:224 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 48 from brasiliensis 213:224 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 7 49 theme basophil 1254:1261 arg1 activation 1263:1272 basophil activation 1254:1272 basophil activation 1254:1272 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 0 50 theme Hev 52:54 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 50 theme Hev 52:54 arg1 b 56:56 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 23:58 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 23:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 7 51 theme Time-lapse 1157:1166 arg1 microscopy 1184:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy 1157:1193 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 1157:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 7 52 theme glycosylated 1224:1235 arg1 b 1241:1241 glycosylated Hev b 2 1224:1243 glycosylated Hev b 2 1224:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 3 53 theme post-translational 563:580 arg1 modifications 582:594 three post-translational modifications 557:594 three post-translational modifications 557:594 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 3 53 theme post-translational 563:580 arg1 sites 657:661 two glycosylation sites 639:661 two glycosylation sites 639:661 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 3 53 theme post-translational 563:580 arg1 pyroglutamate 621:633 pyroglutamate 621:633 pyroglutamate 621:633 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 6 54 theme basophil 1070:1077 arg1 activation 1079:1088 human basophil activation 1064:1088 human basophil activation 1064:1088 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 1 55 gly glycosylated 158:169 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 55 gly glycosylated 158:169 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 55 gly glycosylated 158:169 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 180:199 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 0 56 from brasiliensis 94:105 arg1 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 endo-β-1,3-glucanase 61:80 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 56 from brasiliensis 94:105 arg1 recognition 115:125 its recognition 111:125 its recognition by human basophils 111:144 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 56 from brasiliensis 94:105 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 0:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 0 56 from brasiliensis 94:105 arg1 b 56:56 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 23:58 the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 23:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 9 57 located found 1417:1421 arg2 dimer 1407:1411 a dimer 1405:1411 a dimer 1405:1411 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 9 57 located found 1417:1421 arg1 addition 1395:1402 addition 1395:1402 addition 1395:1402 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 9 57 located found 1417:1421 arg1 unit 1442:1445 each asymmetric unit 1426:1445 each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein 1426:1515 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 6 58 theme human 1064:1068 arg1 activation 1079:1088 human basophil activation 1064:1088 human basophil activation 1064:1088 To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. 24531467 5 59 theme N-glycan 901:908 arg1 present 910:916 the most important N-glycan present 882:916 the most important N-glycan present in this protein 882:932 A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. 24531467 9 60 theme plant 1495:1499 arg1 protein 1509:1515 this plant defence protein 1490:1515 this plant defence protein 1490:1515 In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein. 24531467 8 61 theme Immunological 1293:1305 arg1 studies 1307:1313 Immunological studies 1293:1313 Immunological studies 1293:1313 Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. 24531467 5 62 with digestion 951:959 arg1 enzymes 975:981 specific enzymes 966:981 specific enzymes 966:981 A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. 24531467 8 63 theme IgE 1379:1381 arg1 epitope 1383:1389 an allergenic IgE epitope 1365:1389 an allergenic IgE epitope 1365:1389 Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. 24531467 4 64 theme molecule 783:790 arg1 surface 768:774 the surface 764:774 the surface of the molecule 764:790 These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. 24531467 7 65 theme Hev 1237:1239 arg1 b 1241:1241 glycosylated Hev b 2 1224:1243 glycosylated Hev b 2 1224:1243 Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. 24531467 5 66 from present 910:916 arg1 protein 926:932 this protein 921:932 this protein 921:932 A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. 24531467 0 67 from recognition 115:125 arg1 brasiliensis 94:105 Hevea brasiliensis 88:105 Hevea brasiliensis 88:105 Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. 24531467 3 68 theme endogenous 510:519 arg1 isoform 521:527 the endogenous isoform II 506:530 the endogenous isoform II 506:530 Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. 24531467 1 69 theme important 232:240 arg1 allergen 248:255 an important latex allergen 229:255 an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy 229:336 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 24531467 1 69 theme important 232:240 arg1 b 175:175 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 147:177 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis 147:224 Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. 27313224 6 0 theme BoNT/A 1120:1125 arg1 interface 1127:1135 the BoNT/A interface 1116:1135 the BoNT/A interface 1116:1135 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 1 1 theme peripheral 250:259 arg1 motoneurons 273:283 peripheral cholinergic motoneurons 250:283 peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure 250:347 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 3 2 theme synaptic 569:576 arg1 isoforms 607:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 5 3 theme N-glycosylation 939:953 arg1 effect 929:934 the effect 925:934 the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1 925:993 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 9 4 theme increased 1537:1545 arg1 rate 1560:1563 a 50-fold increased dissociation rate 1527:1563 a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1527:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 5 5 theme expression 895:904 arg1 systems 906:912 prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems 868:912 prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems 868:912 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 6 6 theme spectrometric 1001:1013 arg1 analysis 1015:1022 Mass spectrometric analysis 996:1022 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc 996:1036 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 8 7 theme complex 1307:1313 arg1 N559-glycan 1272:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 8 7 theme complex 1307:1313 arg1 heterogeneity 1344:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity 1305:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1305:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 5 8 with interaction 970:980 arg1 BoNT/A1 987:993 BoNT/A1 987:993 BoNT/A1 987:993 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 9 theme glycoprotein 586:597 arg1 isoforms 607:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 8 10 theme type with 1332:1340 arg1 N559-glycan 1272:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 8 10 theme type with 1332:1340 arg1 heterogeneity 1344:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity 1305:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1305:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 11 11 dep adding 1849:1854 arg1 beside 1877:1882 beside 1877:1882 beside 1877:1882 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 10 12 theme more 1721:1724 arg1 time 1726:1729 BoNT/A more time 1714:1729 BoNT/A more time 1714:1729 The delayed dissociation might provide BoNT/A more time for endocytosis into synaptic vesicles. 27313224 11 13 theme SV2C-LD4 1906:1913 arg1 peptide 1915:1921 the SV2C-LD4 peptide 1902:1921 the SV2C-LD4 peptide 1902:1921 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 3 14 gly glycoprotein 586:597 arg1 glycoprotein 586:597 vesicle glycoprotein 2 578:599 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 14 gly glycoprotein 586:597 arg1 SV2 602:604 SV2 602:604 SV2 602:604 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 8 15 gly core-fucosylated 1315:1330 arg1 N559-glycan 1272:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 8 15 gly core-fucosylated 1315:1330 arg1 heterogeneity 1344:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity 1305:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1305:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 9 16 theme binding 1610:1616 arg1 affinity 1618:1625 an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity 1581:1625 an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1581:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 9 17 theme decreased 1600:1608 arg1 affinity 1618:1625 an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity 1581:1625 an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1581:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 8 18 theme tetra-antennary 1372:1386 arg1 structure 1388:1396 tetra-antennary structure 1372:1396 tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1372:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 11 19 theme SV2C-LD4 1839:1846 arg1 N559-glycan 1824:1834 the complex N559-glycan 1812:1834 the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4 1812:1846 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 0 20 theme glycoprotein 53:64 arg1 2C 66:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 5 21 theme human 852:856 arg1 IgG-Fc 858:863 human IgG-Fc 852:863 human IgG-Fc 852:863 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 1 22 theme extraordinary 141:153 arg1 potency 155:161 The extraordinary potency 137:161 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) 137:194 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 5 23 from effect 929:934 arg1 interaction 970:980 the interaction 966:980 the interaction with BoNT/A1 966:993 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 0 24 dep neurotoxin 113:122 arg1 A1 133:134 serotype A1 124:134 botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 103:134 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 11 25 theme third 1858:1862 arg1 point 1871:1875 a third anchor point 1856:1875 a third anchor point 1856:1875 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 0 26 theme affinity 83:90 arg1 binding 92:98 high affinity binding 78:98 high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 78:134 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 4 27 theme putative 765:772 arg1 sites 790:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites 760:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites) 760:806 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 4 27 theme putative 765:772 arg1 sites 801:805 PNG sites 797:805 PNG sites 797:805 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 3 28 dep domain 541:546 arg1 A-C 616:618 A-C 616:618 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C 529:618 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 8 29 theme extensive 1453:1461 arg1 interactions 1463:1474 extensive interactions 1453:1474 extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1453:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 10 30 theme synaptic 1752:1759 arg1 vesicles 1761:1768 synaptic vesicles 1752:1768 synaptic vesicles 1752:1768 The delayed dissociation might provide BoNT/A more time for endocytosis into synaptic vesicles. 27313224 2 31 theme membrane 475:482 arg1 proteins 484:491 synaptic vesicle membrane proteins 458:491 synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis 458:526 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 4 32 theme PNG 797:799 arg1 sites 790:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites 760:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites) 760:806 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 4 32 theme PNG 797:799 arg1 sites 801:805 PNG sites 797:805 PNG sites 797:805 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 2 33 theme synaptic 458:465 arg1 proteins 484:491 synaptic vesicle membrane proteins 458:491 synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis 458:526 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 0 34 theme complex 9:15 arg1 N559-glycan 17:27 Only the complex N559-glycan 0:27 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 0:67 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 1 35 theme flaccid 296:302 arg1 paralysis 304:312 flaccid paralysis 296:312 flaccid paralysis 296:312 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 4 36 theme strongest 708:716 arg1 interaction 734:744 the strongest protein-protein interaction 704:744 the strongest protein-protein interaction 704:744 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 3 37 theme serotype 668:675 arg1 BoNT/A1 677:683 the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1 639:683 the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1 639:683 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 1 38 theme botulinum 166:174 arg1 BoNTs 189:193 BoNTs 189:193 BoNTs 189:193 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 1 38 theme botulinum 166:174 arg1 neurotoxins 176:186 botulinum neurotoxins 166:186 botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) 166:194 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 8 39 dep structure 1388:1396 arg1 up 1366:1367 up 1366:1367 up 1366:1367 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 6 40 gly glycosylation 1051:1063 arg1 N534 1068:1071 N534 1068:1071 N534 1068:1071 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 6 40 gly glycosylation 1051:1063 arg1 N565 1083:1086 N565 1083:1086 N565 1083:1086 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 6 40 gly glycosylation 1051:1063 arg1 N559 1074:1077 N559 1074:1077 N559 1074:1077 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 3 41 theme luminal 533:539 arg1 isoforms 607:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 41 theme luminal 533:539 arg1 domain 541:546 luminal domain 4 533:548 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C 529:618 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 41 theme luminal 533:539 arg1 LD4 551:553 LD4 551:553 LD4 551:553 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 5 42 theme human 828:832 arg1 SV2C-LD4 834:841 human SV2C-LD4 828:841 human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc 828:863 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 1 43 theme respiratory 329:339 arg1 failure 341:347 successive respiratory failure 318:347 successive respiratory failure 318:347 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 8 44 with structure 1388:1396 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1431 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1403:1431 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1403:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 2 45 theme Complex 350:356 arg1 gangliosides 368:379 Complex polysialo gangliosides 350:379 Complex polysialo gangliosides 350:379 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 11 46 theme complex 1816:1822 arg1 N559-glycan 1824:1834 the complex N559-glycan 1812:1834 the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4 1812:1846 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 1 47 theme neurotoxins 176:186 arg1 potency 155:161 The extraordinary potency 137:161 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) 137:194 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 7 48 theme human 1251:1255 arg1 gSV2C-LD4 1257:1265 human gSV2C-LD4 1251:1265 human gSV2C-LD4 1251:1265 Mutational analysis demonstrates that only the N559-glycan, but not N565-glycan increases affinity of BoNT/A for human gSV2C-LD4. 27313224 9 49 theme gSV2CLD-Fc 1500:1509 arg1 N559A 1511:1515 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A 1489:1515 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A 1489:1515 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 10 50 theme delayed 1679:1685 arg1 dissociation 1687:1698 The delayed dissociation 1675:1698 The delayed dissociation 1675:1698 The delayed dissociation might provide BoNT/A more time for endocytosis into synaptic vesicles. 27313224 7 51 theme Mutational 1138:1147 arg1 analysis 1149:1156 Mutational analysis 1138:1156 Mutational analysis 1138:1156 Mutational analysis demonstrates that only the N559-glycan, but not N565-glycan increases affinity of BoNT/A for human gSV2C-LD4. 27313224 1 52 theme cholinergic 261:271 arg1 motoneurons 273:283 peripheral cholinergic motoneurons 250:283 peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure 250:347 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 9 53 from affinity 1618:1625 arg1 experiments 1662:1672 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1630:1672 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1630:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 11 54 theme cell 1944:1947 arg1 binding 1957:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 5 55 theme eukaryotic 884:893 arg1 systems 906:912 prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems 868:912 prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems 868:912 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 0 56 theme synaptic 36:43 arg1 2C 66:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 2 57 from BoNTs 392:396 arg1 membrane 412:419 the plasma membrane 401:419 the plasma membrane 401:419 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 9 58 theme dissociation 1547:1558 arg1 rate 1560:1563 a 50-fold increased dissociation rate 1527:1563 a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1527:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 0 59 theme serotype 124:131 arg1 A1 133:134 serotype A1 124:134 botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 103:134 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 3 60 theme vesicle 578:584 arg1 glycoprotein 586:597 vesicle glycoprotein 2 578:599 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 60 theme vesicle 578:584 arg1 SV2 602:604 SV2 602:604 SV2 602:604 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 6 61 theme Mass 996:999 arg1 analysis 1015:1022 Mass spectrometric analysis 996:1022 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc 996:1036 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 5 62 gly N-glycosylation 939:953 arg1 SV2C 958:961 SV2C 958:961 SV2C 958:961 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 9 63 theme plasmon 1638:1644 arg1 SPR 1657:1659 SPR 1657:1659 SPR 1657:1659 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 9 63 theme plasmon 1638:1644 arg1 resonance 1646:1654 surface plasmon resonance 1630:1654 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1630:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 11 64 theme surface 1949:1955 arg1 binding 1957:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 3 65 theme isoforms 607:614 arg1 isoforms 607:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms 559:614 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 65 theme isoforms 607:614 arg1 domain 541:546 luminal domain 4 533:548 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C 529:618 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 3 65 theme isoforms 607:614 arg1 LD4 551:553 LD4 551:553 LD4 551:553 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 5 66 theme prokaryotic 868:878 arg1 systems 906:912 prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems 868:912 prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems 868:912 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 8 67 theme core-fucosylated 1315:1330 arg1 N559-glycan 1272:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 8 67 theme core-fucosylated 1315:1330 arg1 heterogeneity 1344:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity 1305:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1305:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 7 68 theme BoNT/A 1240:1245 arg1 affinity 1228:1235 affinity 1228:1235 affinity of BoNT/A for human gSV2C-LD4 1228:1265 Mutational analysis demonstrates that only the N559-glycan, but not N565-glycan increases affinity of BoNT/A for human gSV2C-LD4. 27313224 9 69 theme overall 1584:1590 arg1 affinity 1618:1625 an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity 1581:1625 an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1581:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 8 70 theme a 1342:1342 arg1 N559-glycan 1272:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan 1268:1282 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 8 70 theme a 1342:1342 arg1 heterogeneity 1344:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity 1305:1356 a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1305:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 5 71 theme SV2C 958:961 arg1 N-glycosylation 939:953 N-glycosylation 939:953 N-glycosylation of SV2C 939:961 Here, we expressed human SV2C-LD4 fused to human IgG-Fc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems to analyse the effect of N-glycosylation of SV2C on the interaction with BoNT/A1. 27313224 6 72 theme N559 1074:1077 arg1 glycosylation 1051:1063 glycosylation 1051:1063 glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565 1051:1086 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 9 73 theme resonance 1646:1654 arg1 experiments 1662:1672 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1630:1672 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1630:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 11 74 theme BoNT/A 1928:1933 arg1 binding 1957:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 6 75 theme N534 1068:1071 arg1 glycosylation 1051:1063 glycosylation 1051:1063 glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565 1051:1086 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 0 76 from N559-glycan 17:27 arg1 2C 66:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 0 77 theme high 78:81 arg1 binding 92:98 high affinity binding 78:98 high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 78:134 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 9 78 theme surface 1630:1636 arg1 SPR 1657:1659 SPR 1657:1659 SPR 1657:1659 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 9 78 theme surface 1630:1636 arg1 resonance 1646:1654 surface plasmon resonance 1630:1654 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1630:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 4 79 theme protein-protein 718:732 arg1 interaction 734:744 the strongest protein-protein interaction 704:744 the strongest protein-protein interaction 704:744 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 8 80 with interactions 1463:1474 arg1 BoNT/A 1481:1486 BoNT/A 1481:1486 BoNT/A 1481:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 4 81 gly N-glycosylation 774:788 arg2 five 760:763 five 760:763 five 760:763 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 4 81 gly N-glycosylation 774:788 arg2 sites 801:805 PNG sites 797:805 PNG sites 797:805 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 4 81 gly N-glycosylation 774:788 arg2 sites 790:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites 760:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites) 760:806 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 0 82 gly glycoprotein 53:64 arg1 glycoprotein 53:64 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 6 83 theme gSV2CLD-Fc 1027:1036 arg1 analysis 1015:1022 Mass spectrometric analysis 996:1022 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc 996:1036 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 8 84 theme bisecting 1403:1411 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1413:1431 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1403:1431 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A 1403:1486 The N559-glycan was characterised as a complex core-fucosylated type with a heterogeneity ranging up to tetra-antennary structure with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine which can establish extensive interactions with BoNT/A. 27313224 11 85 theme anchor 1864:1869 arg1 point 1871:1875 a third anchor point 1856:1875 a third anchor point 1856:1875 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 0 86 theme botulinum 103:111 arg1 neurotoxin 113:122 botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 103:134 botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 103:134 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 4 87 theme N-glycosylation 774:788 arg1 sites 790:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites 760:794 five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites) 760:806 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 4 87 theme N-glycosylation 774:788 arg1 sites 801:805 PNG sites 797:805 PNG sites 797:805 SV2C-LD4 exhibits the strongest protein-protein interaction and comprises five putative N-glycosylation sites (PNG sites). 27313224 2 88 theme plasma 405:410 arg1 membrane 412:419 the plasma membrane 401:419 the plasma membrane 401:419 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 2 89 theme vesicle 467:473 arg1 proteins 484:491 synaptic vesicle membrane proteins 458:491 synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis 458:526 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 3 90 theme relevant 659:666 arg1 BoNT/A1 677:683 the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1 639:683 the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1 639:683 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 6 91 theme N565 1083:1086 arg1 glycosylation 1051:1063 glycosylation 1051:1063 glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565 1051:1086 Mass spectrometric analysis of gSV2CLD-Fc demonstrates glycosylation of N534, N559 and N565, the latter two residing at the BoNT/A interface. 27313224 2 92 theme toxin 510:514 arg1 endocytosis 516:526 toxin endocytosis 510:526 toxin endocytosis 510:526 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 9 93 dep rate 1560:1563 arg1 kd 1565:1566 kd 1565:1566 a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments 1527:1672 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 27313224 2 94 theme subsequent 436:445 arg1 binding 447:453 subsequent binding 436:453 subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis 436:526 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 0 95 theme vesicle 45:51 arg1 2C 66:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C 32:67 Only the complex N559-glycan in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C mediates high affinity binding to botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1. 27313224 1 96 theme successive 318:327 arg1 failure 341:347 successive respiratory failure 318:347 successive respiratory failure 318:347 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 11 97 theme N559-glycan 1824:1834 arg1 importance 1798:1807 the importance 1794:1807 the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4 1794:1846 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 2 98 theme polysialo 358:366 arg1 gangliosides 368:379 Complex polysialo gangliosides 350:379 Complex polysialo gangliosides 350:379 Complex polysialo gangliosides accumulate BoNTs on the plasma membrane and facilitate subsequent binding to synaptic vesicle membrane proteins which results in toxin endocytosis. 27313224 3 99 theme BoNT/A1 677:683 arg1 uptake 629:634 uptake 629:634 uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1 629:683 The luminal domain 4 (LD4) of the three synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) isoforms A-C mediates uptake of the clinically most relevant serotype BoNT/A1. 27313224 11 100 theme neuronal 1935:1942 arg1 binding 1957:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding 1928:1963 In conclusion, we show the importance of the complex N559-glycan of SV2C-LD4, adding a third anchor point beside a ganglioside and the SV2C-LD4 peptide, for BoNT/A neuronal cell surface binding and uptake. 27313224 1 101 theme high 217:220 arg1 neurospecificity 222:237 their high neurospecificity 211:237 their high neurospecificity 211:237 The extraordinary potency of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by their high neurospecificity, targeting peripheral cholinergic motoneurons leading to flaccid paralysis and successive respiratory failure. 27313224 9 102 theme mutant 1493:1498 arg1 N559A 1511:1515 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A 1489:1515 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A 1489:1515 The mutant gSV2CLD-Fc N559A displayed a 50-fold increased dissociation rate kd resulting in an overall 12-fold decreased binding affinity in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. 28076415 7 0 theme acid 1252:1255 arg1 chain 1263:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain 1225:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 9 1 with co-transfection 1646:1660 arg1 CD4 1694:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 12 2 theme HIV-1 2038:2042 arg1 interface 2066:2074 the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface 2034:2074 the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface 2034:2074 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 9 3 theme soluble 1686:1692 arg1 CD4 1694:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 10 4 from CAP248-2B 1717:1725 arg1 escape 1705:1710 Viral escape 1699:1710 Viral escape from CAP248-2B 1699:1725 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 10 5 theme cleavage 1782:1789 arg1 sites 1791:1795 the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1767:1795 the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1767:1795 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 12 6 theme quaternary 2055:2064 arg1 interface 2066:2074 the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface 2034:2074 the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface 2034:2074 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 12 7 theme gp120 2170:2174 arg1 terminus 2178:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 7 8 contain has 1179:1181 arg2 paratope 1211:1218 a conformationally variable paratope 1183:1218 a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1183:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 7 8 contain has 1179:1181 arg1 CAP248-2B 1169:1177 CAP248-2B 1169:1177 CAP248-2B 1169:1177 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 1 9 theme HIV-1 169:173 arg1 trimers 184:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers 169:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 169:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 4 10 theme maximum 665:671 arg1 plateaus 684:691 low maximum inhibition plateaus 661:691 low maximum inhibition plateaus 661:691 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 12 11 from utility 2262:2268 arg1 design 2285:2290 HIV vaccine design 2273:2290 HIV vaccine design 2273:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 10 12 from mutations 1754:1762 arg1 sites 1791:1795 the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1767:1795 the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1767:1795 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 7 13 theme light 1257:1261 arg1 chain 1263:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain 1225:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 9 14 theme glycan 1490:1495 arg1 proximal 1497:1504 any single glycan proximal 1479:1504 any single glycan proximal to its epitope 1479:1519 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 3 15 theme membrane 589:596 arg1 epitope 607:613 a novel membrane proximal epitope 581:613 a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41 581:650 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 1 16 theme neutralizing 212:223 arg1 antibodies 225:234 broadly neutralizing antibodies 204:234 broadly neutralizing antibodies 204:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 4 17 theme 50 706:707 arg1 % 708:708 % 708:708 % 708:708 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 5 18 theme cleavage-dependent 950:967 arg1 epitope 969:975 a cleavage-dependent epitope 948:975 a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus 948:1010 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 4 19 theme inhibition 673:682 arg1 plateaus 684:691 low maximum inhibition plateaus 661:691 low maximum inhibition plateaus 661:691 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 4 20 theme inhibitory 710:719 arg1 concentrations 721:734 50% inhibitory concentrations 706:734 50% inhibitory concentrations 706:734 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 1 21 theme comprehensive 123:135 arg1 understanding 137:149 A comprehensive understanding 121:149 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 121:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 10 22 from sites 1791:1795 arg1 cluster 1738:1744 a cluster 1736:1744 a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1736:1795 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 7 23 theme amino 1246:1250 arg1 chain 1263:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain 1225:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 9 24 theme neutralization 1530:1543 arg1 plateaus 1545:1552 low neutralization plateaus 1526:1552 low neutralization plateaus 1526:1552 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 12 25 theme neutralizing 2105:2116 arg1 antibodies 2118:2127 broadly neutralizing antibodies 2097:2127 broadly neutralizing antibodies 2097:2127 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 7 26 theme long 1238:1241 arg1 chain 1263:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain 1225:1267 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 12 27 from terminus 2178:2185 arg1 mutations 2153:2161 mutations 2153:2161 mutations in the gp120 C terminus 2153:2185 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 12 27 from terminus 2178:2185 arg1 set 2146:2148 a set 2144:2148 a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design 2144:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 1 28 theme regions 158:164 arg1 understanding 137:149 A comprehensive understanding 121:149 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 121:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 2 29 from participant 318:328 arg1 CAP248 353:358 CAP248 353:358 CAP248 353:358 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 2 29 from participant 318:328 arg1 cohort 345:350 the CAPRISA cohort 333:350 the CAPRISA cohort 333:350 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 4 30 theme CAP248-2B 752:760 arg1 breadth 741:747 the breadth 737:747 the breadth of CAP248-2B 737:760 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 5 31 theme C 1001:1001 arg1 terminus 1003:1010 the gp120 C terminus 991:1010 the gp120 C terminus 991:1010 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 0 32 theme MPER 85:88 arg1 Exposure 90:97 MPER Exposure 85:97 MPER Exposure 85:97 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 3 33 theme monoclonal 536:545 arg1 antibody 547:554 monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B 536:564 monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B 536:564 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 1 34 from understanding 137:149 arg1 trimers 184:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers 169:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 169:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 8 35 theme mutagenesis 1377:1387 arg1 data 1389:1392 mutagenesis data 1377:1392 mutagenesis data 1377:1392 Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. 28076415 2 36 theme capable 402:408 arg1 antibodies 391:400 trimer-specific antibodies 375:400 trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection 375:482 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 2 37 theme trimer-specific 375:389 arg1 antibodies 391:400 trimer-specific antibodies 375:400 trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection 375:482 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 1 38 theme HIV-1 276:280 arg1 vaccine 282:288 an HIV-1 vaccine 273:288 an HIV-1 vaccine 273:288 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 8 39 from apex 1342:1345 arg1 phenylalanines 1315:1328 Two phenylalanines 1311:1328 Two phenylalanines at the loop apex 1311:1345 Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. 28076415 9 40 theme N- 1591:1592 arg1 inhibitors 1628:1637 N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors 1591:1637 N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors 1591:1637 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 2 41 theme heterologous 433:444 arg1 viruses 446:452 heterologous viruses 433:452 heterologous viruses 433:452 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 5 42 theme X-ray 833:837 arg1 crystallography 839:853 X-ray crystallography 833:853 X-ray crystallography 833:853 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 9 43 theme O-linked 1597:1604 arg1 glycosylation 1606:1618 O-linked glycosylation 1597:1618 O-linked glycosylation 1597:1618 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 3 44 theme gp41 647:650 arg1 elements 625:632 elements 625:632 elements of gp120 and gp41 625:650 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 8 45 theme viral 1415:1419 arg1 membrane 1421:1428 the viral membrane 1411:1428 the viral membrane 1411:1428 Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. 28076415 10 46 theme Viral 1699:1703 arg1 escape 1705:1710 Viral escape 1699:1710 Viral escape from CAP248-2B 1699:1725 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 9 47 theme pathway 1620:1626 arg1 inhibitors 1628:1637 N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors 1591:1637 N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors 1591:1637 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 2 48 theme years 463:467 arg1 post-infection 469:482 three years post-infection 457:482 three years post-infection 457:482 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 0 49 theme Interface 54:62 arg1 Antibody 64:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody 29:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape 29:118 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 12 50 theme gp41 2241:2244 arg1 region 2231:2236 the membrane-proximal external region 2200:2236 the membrane-proximal external region of gp41 2200:2244 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 0 51 theme HIV-1 37:41 arg1 Antibody 64:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody 29:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape 29:118 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 4 52 theme donor 792:796 arg1 plasma 798:803 donor plasma 792:803 donor plasma 792:803 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 12 53 theme external 2222:2229 arg1 region 2231:2236 the membrane-proximal external region 2200:2236 the membrane-proximal external region of gp41 2200:2244 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 10 54 theme rare 1749:1752 arg1 mutations 1754:1762 rare mutations 1749:1762 rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1749:1795 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 7 55 theme determining 1291:1301 arg1 region 1303:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 11 56 theme neutralization 1921:1934 arg1 sensitivity 1936:1946 neutralization sensitivity 1921:1946 neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold 1921:1986 Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. 28076415 12 57 theme membrane-proximal 2204:2220 arg1 region 2231:2236 the membrane-proximal external region 2200:2236 the membrane-proximal external region of gp41 2200:2244 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 5 58 theme microscopy 884:893 arg1 reconstructions 898:912 negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions 860:912 negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions 860:912 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 9 59 link O-linked 1597:1604 arg1 glycosylation 1606:1618 O-linked glycosylation 1597:1618 O-linked glycosylation 1597:1618 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 7 60 theme third 1269:1273 arg1 region 1303:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 9 61 with pre-incubation 1666:1679 arg1 CD4 1694:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 1 62 theme rational 254:261 arg1 design 263:268 rational design 254:268 rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine 254:288 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 6 63 theme antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 epitopes 1085:1092 the epitopes 1081:1092 the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8 1081:1166 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 9 64 with inhibitors 1628:1637 arg1 CD4 1694:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 soluble CD4 1686:1696 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 10 65 from cluster 1738:1744 arg1 sites 1791:1795 the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1767:1795 the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1767:1795 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 28076415 3 66 theme cell 520:523 arg1 culture 525:531 B cell culture 518:531 B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B 518:564 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 5 67 theme 3D 895:896 arg1 reconstructions 898:912 negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions 860:912 negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions 860:912 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 5 68 theme electron 875:882 arg1 microscopy 884:893 negative-stain electron microscopy 860:893 negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions 860:912 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 12 69 theme gp120-gp41 2044:2053 arg1 interface 2066:2074 the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface 2034:2074 the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface 2034:2074 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 1 70 theme envelope 175:182 arg1 trimers 184:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers 169:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 169:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 4 71 theme low 661:663 arg1 plateaus 684:691 low maximum inhibition plateaus 661:691 low maximum inhibition plateaus 661:691 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 11 72 theme heterologous 1848:1859 arg1 viruses 1861:1867 heterologous viruses 1848:1867 heterologous viruses 1848:1867 Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. 28076415 3 73 theme antibody 547:554 arg1 culture 525:531 B cell culture 518:531 B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B 518:564 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 9 74 theme single 1483:1488 arg1 proximal 1497:1504 any single glycan proximal 1479:1504 any single glycan proximal to its epitope 1479:1519 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 11 75 theme mutations 1833:1841 arg1 introduction 1811:1822 Simultaneous introduction 1798:1822 Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses 1798:1867 Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. 28076415 3 76 theme novel 583:587 arg1 epitope 607:613 a novel membrane proximal epitope 581:613 a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41 581:650 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 12 77 theme C 2176:2176 arg1 terminus 2178:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 7 78 with paratope 1211:1218 arg1 region 1303:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 12 79 theme mutations 2153:2161 arg1 mutations 2153:2161 mutations 2153:2161 mutations in the gp120 C terminus 2153:2185 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 12 79 theme mutations 2153:2161 arg1 set 2146:2148 a set 2144:2148 a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design 2144:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 3 80 theme gp120 637:641 arg1 elements 625:632 elements 625:632 elements of gp120 and gp41 625:650 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 12 81 theme HIV 2273:2275 arg1 design 2285:2290 HIV vaccine design 2273:2290 HIV vaccine design 2273:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 4 82 theme % 708:708 arg1 concentrations 721:734 50% inhibitory concentrations 706:734 50% inhibitory concentrations 706:734 Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. 28076415 0 83 theme Antibody 64:71 arg1 Recognition 14:24 Recognition 14:24 Recognition 14:24 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 0 83 theme Antibody 64:71 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 3 84 theme proximal 598:605 arg1 epitope 607:613 a novel membrane proximal epitope 581:613 a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41 581:650 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 1 85 from trimers 184:190 arg1 understanding 137:149 A comprehensive understanding 121:149 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 121:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 9 86 theme low 1526:1528 arg1 plateaus 1545:1552 low neutralization plateaus 1526:1552 low neutralization plateaus 1526:1552 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 8 87 theme loop 1337:1340 arg1 apex 1342:1345 the loop apex 1333:1345 the loop apex 1333:1345 Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. 28076415 1 88 from regions 158:164 arg1 trimers 184:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers 169:190 HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies 169:234 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 11 89 theme Simultaneous 1798:1809 arg1 introduction 1811:1822 Simultaneous introduction 1798:1822 Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses 1798:1867 Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. 28076415 0 90 theme Viral 107:111 arg1 Escape 113:118 Viral Escape 107:118 Viral Escape 107:118 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 6 91 theme neutralizing 1105:1116 arg1 35O22 1144:1148 35O22 1144:1148 35O22 1144:1148 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 91 theme neutralizing 1105:1116 arg1 3BC315 1151:1156 3BC315 1151:1156 3BC315 1151:1156 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 91 theme neutralizing 1105:1116 arg1 antibodies 1118:1127 broadly neutralizing antibodies 1097:1127 broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8 1097:1166 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 91 theme neutralizing 1105:1116 arg1 PGT151 1129:1134 PGT151 1129:1134 PGT151 1129:1134 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 91 theme neutralizing 1105:1116 arg1 VRC34 1137:1141 VRC34 1137:1141 VRC34 1137:1141 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 91 theme neutralizing 1105:1116 arg1 10E8 1163:1166 10E8 1163:1166 10E8 1163:1166 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 12 92 theme vaccine 2277:2283 arg1 design 2285:2290 HIV vaccine design 2273:2290 HIV vaccine design 2273:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 7 93 theme variable 1202:1209 arg1 paratope 1211:1218 a conformationally variable paratope 1183:1218 a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1183:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 5 94 theme Site-directed 806:818 arg1 mutagenesis 820:830 Site-directed mutagenesis 806:830 Site-directed mutagenesis 806:830 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 12 95 from mutations 2153:2161 arg1 terminus 2178:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 2 96 theme viruses 446:452 arg1 viruses 446:452 heterologous viruses 433:452 heterologous viruses 433:452 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 2 96 theme viruses 446:452 arg1 % 428:428 60% 426:428 60% of heterologous viruses 426:452 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 1 97 theme vaccine 282:288 arg1 design 263:268 rational design 254:268 rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine 254:288 A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. 28076415 12 98 from set 2146:2148 arg1 terminus 2178:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 the gp120 C terminus 2166:2185 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 5 99 theme gp120 995:999 arg1 terminus 1003:1010 the gp120 C terminus 991:1010 the gp120 C terminus 991:1010 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 12 100 theme potential 2252:2260 arg1 utility 2262:2268 potential utility 2252:2268 potential utility in HIV vaccine design 2252:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 0 101 theme Novel 31:35 arg1 Antibody 64:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody 29:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape 29:118 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 9 102 theme glycosylation 1606:1618 arg1 inhibitors 1628:1637 N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors 1591:1637 N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors 1591:1637 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 6 103 theme gp41 1071:1074 arg1 parts 1062:1066 parts 1062:1066 parts of gp41 1062:1074 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 104 dep antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 35O22 1144:1148 35O22 1144:1148 35O22 1144:1148 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 104 dep antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 3BC315 1151:1156 3BC315 1151:1156 3BC315 1151:1156 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 104 dep antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 antibodies 1118:1127 broadly neutralizing antibodies 1097:1127 broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8 1097:1166 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 104 dep antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 PGT151 1129:1134 PGT151 1129:1134 PGT151 1129:1134 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 104 dep antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 VRC34 1137:1141 VRC34 1137:1141 VRC34 1137:1141 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 6 104 dep antibodies 1118:1127 arg1 10E8 1163:1166 10E8 1163:1166 10E8 1163:1166 While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. 28076415 0 105 theme gp120-gp41 43:52 arg1 Antibody 64:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody 29:71 a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape 29:118 Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape. 28076415 12 106 theme interface 2066:2074 arg1 target 2086:2091 a target 2084:2091 a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies 2084:2127 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 12 106 theme interface 2066:2074 arg1 region 2024:2029 the region 2020:2029 the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design 2020:2290 Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design. 28076415 2 107 theme CAPRISA 337:343 arg1 CAP248 353:358 CAP248 353:358 CAP248 353:358 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 2 107 theme CAPRISA 337:343 arg1 cohort 345:350 the CAPRISA cohort 333:350 the CAPRISA cohort 333:350 We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. 28076415 9 108 theme furin 1640:1644 arg1 co-transfection 1646:1660 furin co-transfection 1640:1660 furin co-transfection 1640:1660 Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. 28076415 7 109 theme complementarity 1275:1289 arg1 region 1303:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 3 110 theme B 518:518 arg1 culture 525:531 B cell culture 518:531 B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B 518:564 Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. 28076415 5 111 theme negative-stain 860:873 arg1 microscopy 884:893 negative-stain electron microscopy 860:893 negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions 860:912 Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. 28076415 7 112 theme chain 1263:1267 arg1 region 1303:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region 1225:1308 CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. 28076415 10 113 theme mutations 1754:1762 arg1 cluster 1738:1744 a cluster 1736:1744 a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites 1736:1795 Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. 26266936 10 0 theme binding 1883:1889 arg1 activity 1891:1898 the binding activity 1879:1898 the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors 1879:1944 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 7 1 theme glycosyltransferase 1142:1160 arg1 sialyltransferase 1169:1185 the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase 1138:1185 the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale 1138:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 2 2 gly glycosylation 267:279 arg1 antibodies 295:304 monoclonal antibodies 284:304 monoclonal antibodies 284:304 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 2 3 theme Fc 264:265 arg1 glycosylation 267:279 Fc glycosylation 264:279 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems 264:336 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 4 4 from differences 672:682 arg1 patterns 694:701 glycan patterns 687:701 glycan patterns of samples used 687:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 1 5 theme numerous 246:253 arg1 studies 255:261 numerous studies 246:261 numerous studies 246:261 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 2 6 from systems 330:336 arg1 glycosylation 267:279 Fc glycosylation 264:279 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems 264:336 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 10 7 theme IgG1 1907:1910 arg1 activity 1891:1898 the binding activity 1879:1898 the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors 1879:1944 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 10 7 theme IgG1 1907:1910 arg1 ADCC 1950:1953 ADCC 1950:1953 ADCC 1950:1953 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 5 8 theme effector 799:806 arg1 functions 808:816 its effector functions 795:816 its effector functions 795:816 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 1 9 theme antibodies 151:160 arg1 glycosylation 123:135 Fc glycosylation 120:135 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies 120:160 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 9 10 theme sialic 1673:1678 arg1 acid- 1680:1684 sialic acid- 1673:1684 sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors 1673:1759 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 4 11 theme differences 672:682 arg1 lack 651:654 the lack 647:654 the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used 647:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 2 12 theme antibodies 295:304 arg1 glycosylation 267:279 Fc glycosylation 264:279 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems 264:336 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 8 13 from effect 1463:1468 arg1 binding 1554:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 13 from effect 1463:1468 arg1 IIa 1531:1533 IIa 1531:1533 IIa 1531:1533 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 13 from effect 1463:1468 arg1 FcγRI 1524:1528 the in vitro FcγRI 1511:1528 the in vitro FcγRI 1511:1528 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 1 14 theme biological 177:186 arg1 activity 188:195 biological activity 177:195 biological activity 177:195 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 8 15 theme galactosylation 1476:1490 arg1 effect 1463:1468 the effect 1459:1468 the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1 1459:1586 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 16 theme Plasmon 1314:1320 arg1 Resonance 1322:1330 Surface Plasmon Resonance 1306:1330 Surface Plasmon Resonance 1306:1330 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 9 17 theme IgG1 1711:1714 arg1 glycans 1700:1706 Fc glycans 1697:1706 Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity 1697:1731 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 9 17 theme IgG1 1711:1714 arg1 receptors 1751:1759 RIIIa receptors 1745:1759 RIIIa receptors 1745:1759 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 8 18 theme sialylation 1496:1506 arg1 effect 1463:1468 the effect 1459:1468 the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1 1459:1586 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 5 19 theme substance 910:918 arg1 batch 920:924 one single drug substance batch 894:924 one single drug substance batch 894:924 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 9 20 theme ADCC 1719:1722 arg1 activity 1724:1731 ADCC activity 1719:1731 ADCC activity 1719:1731 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 7 21 from scale 1257:1261 arg1 activities 1236:1245 the in vitro glycoengineering activities 1206:1245 the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale 1206:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 8 22 theme developed 1345:1353 arg1 chromatography 1369:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 1 23 gly glycosylation 123:135 arg1 antibodies 151:160 monoclonal antibodies 140:160 monoclonal antibodies 140:160 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 5 24 from influence 739:747 arg1 functions 808:816 its effector functions 795:816 its effector functions 795:816 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 8 25 theme affinity 1360:1367 arg1 chromatography 1369:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 1 26 theme Fc 120:121 arg1 glycosylation 123:135 Fc glycosylation 120:135 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies 120:160 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 6 27 theme maximal 1012:1018 arg1 galactosylation 1020:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 0 28 from glycoengineering 9:24 arg1 binding 64:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 0 28 from glycoengineering 9:24 arg1 activity 81:88 ADCC activity 76:88 ADCC activity 76:88 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 5 29 dep in 929:930 arg1 vitro 932:936 vitro 932:936 vitro 932:936 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 0 30 theme receptor 55:62 arg1 binding 64:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 5 31 theme single 898:903 arg1 batch 920:924 one single drug substance batch 894:924 one single drug substance batch 894:924 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 6 32 theme minimal 1000:1006 arg1 galactosylation 1020:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 9 33 theme RIIIa 1745:1749 arg1 receptors 1751:1759 RIIIa receptors 1745:1759 RIIIa receptors 1745:1759 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 3 34 dep one 482:484 arg1 only 473:476 only 473:476 only 473:476 If there are glycosylation changes between different batches, these changes are observed not only for one but multiple glycan species. 26266936 8 35 theme IIIa 1540:1543 arg1 binding 1554:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 7 36 theme glycoengineering 1219:1234 arg1 activities 1236:1245 the in vitro glycoengineering activities 1206:1245 the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale 1206:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 6 37 theme Fc 1096:1097 arg1 glycans 1099:1105 fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1075:1105 fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1075:1105 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 8 38 theme cell-based 1409:1418 arg1 assay 1425:1429 an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1396:1429 an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1396:1429 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 0 39 theme In 0:1 arg1 glycoengineering 9:24 In vitro glycoengineering 0:24 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 0:32 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 9 40 theme improved 1777:1784 arg1 binding 1786:1792 a slightly improved binding 1766:1792 a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa 1766:1803 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 8 41 theme ADCC 1566:1569 arg1 activity 1571:1578 ADCC activity 1566:1578 ADCC activity 1566:1578 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 6 42 gly sialylation 1060:1070 arg1 glycans 1099:1105 fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1075:1105 fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1075:1105 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 8 43 dep in 1515:1516 arg1 vitro 1518:1522 vitro 1518:1522 vitro 1518:1522 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 7 44 used used 1197:1200 arg2 sialyltransferase 1169:1185 the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase 1138:1185 the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale 1138:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 6 45 theme sialylation 1060:1070 arg1 preparations 982:993 preparations 982:993 preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation 982:1034 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 6 45 theme sialylation 1060:1070 arg1 levels 1050:1055 different levels 1040:1055 different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1040:1105 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 4 46 theme Fc 558:559 arg1 species 568:574 distinct Fc glycan species 549:574 distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures 549:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 46 theme Fc 558:559 arg1 galactosylated 584:597 galactosylated 584:597 galactosylated 584:597 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 46 theme Fc 558:559 arg1 structures 614:623 sialylated structures 603:623 sialylated structures 603:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 7 47 theme in 1210:1211 arg1 activities 1236:1245 the in vitro glycoengineering activities 1206:1245 the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale 1206:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 5 48 theme different 851:859 arg1 samples 861:867 five different samples 846:867 five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering 846:953 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 0 49 theme IgG1 29:32 arg1 glycoengineering 9:24 In vitro glycoengineering 0:24 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 0:32 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 0 49 theme IgG1 29:32 arg1 effect 42:47 its effect 38:47 its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity 38:88 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 9 50 theme studies 1608:1614 arg1 results 1593:1599 The results 1589:1599 The results of our studies 1589:1614 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 3 51 theme glycosylation 393:405 arg1 changes 407:413 glycosylation changes 393:413 glycosylation changes between different batches 393:439 If there are glycosylation changes between different batches, these changes are observed not only for one but multiple glycan species. 26266936 10 52 dep activity 1891:1898 arg1 activity 1955:1962 activity 1955:1962 activity 1955:1962 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 2 53 theme production 319:328 arg1 systems 330:336 current production systems 311:336 current production systems 311:336 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 10 54 theme galactosylation-induced 1836:1858 arg1 impact 1869:1874 a galactosylation-induced positive impact 1834:1874 a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity 1834:1962 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 8 55 theme Fc 1473:1474 arg1 galactosylation 1476:1490 Fc galactosylation 1473:1490 Fc galactosylation 1473:1490 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 5 56 theme sialylation 780:790 arg1 influence 739:747 the influence 735:747 the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions 735:816 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 0 57 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 7 58 theme medium 1250:1255 arg1 scale 1257:1261 medium scale 1250:1261 medium scale 1250:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 3 59 theme glycan 499:504 arg1 species 506:512 multiple glycan species 490:512 multiple glycan species 490:512 If there are glycosylation changes between different batches, these changes are observed not only for one but multiple glycan species. 26266936 4 60 from patterns 694:701 arg1 lack 651:654 the lack 647:654 the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used 647:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 9 61 theme positive 1647:1654 arg1 impact 1631:1636 an impact 1628:1636 an impact 1628:1636 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 4 62 theme species 568:574 arg1 effect 539:544 the effect 535:544 the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures 535:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 63 theme glycan 687:692 arg1 patterns 694:701 glycan patterns 687:701 glycan patterns of samples used 687:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 9 64 theme negative 1660:1667 arg1 impact 1631:1636 an impact 1628:1636 an impact 1628:1636 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 8 65 theme assays 1288:1293 arg1 variety 1266:1272 A variety 1264:1272 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1264:1429 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 65 theme assays 1288:1293 arg1 assays 1288:1293 analytical assays 1277:1293 analytical assays 1277:1293 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 65 theme assays 1288:1293 arg1 chromatography 1369:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 65 theme assays 1288:1293 arg1 Resonance 1322:1330 Surface Plasmon Resonance 1306:1330 Surface Plasmon Resonance 1306:1330 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 1 66 theme monoclonal 140:149 arg1 antibodies 151:160 monoclonal antibodies 140:160 monoclonal antibodies 140:160 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 10 67 from impact 1869:1874 arg1 activity 1891:1898 the binding activity 1879:1898 the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors 1879:1944 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 10 67 from impact 1869:1874 arg1 ADCC 1950:1953 ADCC 1950:1953 ADCC 1950:1953 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 5 68 theme Fc 757:758 arg1 influence 739:747 the influence 735:747 the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions 735:816 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 4 69 from lack 651:654 arg1 patterns 694:701 glycan patterns 687:701 glycan patterns of samples used 687:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 8 70 gly sialylation 1496:1506 arg1 receptor 1545:1552 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 70 gly sialylation 1496:1506 arg1 IgG1 1583:1586 IgG1 1583:1586 IgG1 1583:1586 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 70 gly sialylation 1496:1506 arg1 IIIa 1540:1543 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 9 71 theme acid- 1680:1684 arg1 impact 1631:1636 an impact 1628:1636 an impact 1628:1636 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 4 72 theme well-defined 659:670 arg1 differences 672:682 well-defined differences 659:682 well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used 659:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 2 73 theme monoclonal 284:293 arg1 antibodies 295:304 monoclonal antibodies 284:304 monoclonal antibodies 284:304 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 6 74 theme sample 961:966 arg1 set 968:970 This sample set 956:970 This sample set 956:970 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 5 75 dep Fc 757:758 arg1 galactosylation 760:774 galactosylation 760:774 galactosylation 760:774 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 8 76 theme IgG1 1583:1586 arg1 activity 1571:1578 ADCC activity 1566:1578 ADCC activity 1566:1578 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 76 theme IgG1 1583:1586 arg1 binding 1554:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 76 theme IgG1 1583:1586 arg1 IIa 1531:1533 IIa 1531:1533 IIa 1531:1533 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 76 theme IgG1 1583:1586 arg1 FcγRI 1524:1528 the in vitro FcγRI 1511:1528 the in vitro FcγRI 1511:1528 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 77 theme analytical 1277:1286 arg1 assays 1288:1293 analytical assays 1277:1293 analytical assays 1277:1293 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 8 78 theme Surface 1306:1312 arg1 Resonance 1322:1330 Surface Plasmon Resonance 1306:1330 Surface Plasmon Resonance 1306:1330 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 5 79 theme drug 905:908 arg1 batch 920:924 one single drug substance batch 894:924 one single drug substance batch 894:924 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 8 80 theme in 1515:1516 arg1 FcγRI 1524:1528 the in vitro FcγRI 1511:1528 the in vitro FcγRI 1511:1528 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 4 81 theme samples 706:712 arg1 patterns 694:701 glycan patterns 687:701 glycan patterns of samples used 687:717 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 6 82 theme different 1040:1048 arg1 levels 1050:1055 different levels 1040:1055 different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1040:1105 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 6 83 with preparations 982:993 arg1 galactosylation 1020:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 0 84 theme Fc 52:53 arg1 binding 64:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 8 85 theme FcγR 1355:1358 arg1 chromatography 1369:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography 1336:1382 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 5 86 theme IgG1 752:755 arg1 Fc 757:758 IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation 752:790 Fc 757:758 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 1 87 theme glycosylation 123:135 arg1 effect 110:115 effect 110:115 effect 110:115 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 1 87 theme glycosylation 123:135 arg1 importance 95:104 importance 95:104 importance 95:104 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 8 88 theme receptor 1545:1552 arg1 binding 1554:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 IIIa receptor binding 1540:1560 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 9 89 from glycans 1700:1706 arg1 activity 1724:1731 ADCC activity 1719:1731 ADCC activity 1719:1731 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 9 90 theme Fc 1697:1698 arg1 glycans 1700:1706 Fc glycans 1697:1706 Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity 1697:1731 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 0 91 theme ADCC 76:79 arg1 activity 81:88 ADCC activity 76:88 ADCC activity 76:88 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 4 92 gly sialylated 603:612 arg1 structures 614:623 sialylated structures 603:623 sialylated structures 603:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 0 93 from effect 42:47 arg1 binding 64:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 Fc receptor binding 52:70 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 0 93 from effect 42:47 arg1 activity 81:88 ADCC activity 76:88 ADCC activity 76:88 In vitro glycoengineering of IgG1 and its effect on Fc receptor binding and ADCC activity. 26266936 7 94 dep in 1210:1211 arg1 vitro 1213:1217 vitro 1213:1217 vitro 1213:1217 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 9 95 contain containing 1686:1695 arg2 receptors 1751:1759 RIIIa receptors 1745:1759 RIIIa receptors 1745:1759 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 9 95 contain containing 1686:1695 arg2 glycans 1700:1706 Fc glycans 1697:1706 Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity 1697:1731 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 9 95 contain containing 1686:1695 arg2 FcγRI 1734:1738 FcγRI 1734:1738 FcγRI 1734:1738 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 9 95 contain containing 1686:1695 arg1 acid- 1680:1684 sialic acid- 1673:1684 sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors 1673:1759 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 6 96 theme glycans 1099:1105 arg1 sialylation 1060:1070 sialylation 1060:1070 sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1060:1105 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 1 97 dep importance 95:104 arg1 The 91:93 The 91:93 The 91:93 The importance and effect of Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies with regard to biological activity is widely discussed and has been investigated in numerous studies. 26266936 5 98 theme in 929:930 arg1 glycoengineering 938:953 in vitro glycoengineering 929:953 in vitro glycoengineering 929:953 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 6 99 theme galactosylated 1081:1094 arg1 glycans 1099:1105 fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1075:1105 fully galactosylated Fc glycans 1075:1105 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 4 100 theme distinct 549:556 arg1 species 568:574 distinct Fc glycan species 549:574 distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures 549:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 100 theme distinct 549:556 arg1 galactosylated 584:597 galactosylated 584:597 galactosylated 584:597 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 100 theme distinct 549:556 arg1 structures 614:623 sialylated structures 603:623 sialylated structures 603:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 8 101 theme optimized 1399:1407 arg1 assay 1425:1429 an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1396:1429 an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1396:1429 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 4 102 theme glycan 561:566 arg1 species 568:574 distinct Fc glycan species 549:574 distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures 549:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 102 theme glycan 561:566 arg1 galactosylated 584:597 galactosylated 584:597 galactosylated 584:597 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 4 102 theme glycan 561:566 arg1 structures 614:623 sialylated structures 603:623 sialylated structures 603:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 8 103 theme ADCC 1420:1423 arg1 assay 1425:1429 an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1396:1429 an optimized cell-based ADCC assay 1396:1429 A variety of analytical assays, including Surface Plasmon Resonance and recently developed FcγR affinity chromatography, as well as an optimized cell-based ADCC assay were applied to investigate the effect of Fc galactosylation and sialylation on the in vitro FcγRI, IIa, and IIIa receptor binding and ADCC activity of IgG1. 26266936 3 104 theme different 423:431 arg1 batches 433:439 different batches 423:439 different batches 423:439 If there are glycosylation changes between different batches, these changes are observed not only for one but multiple glycan species. 26266936 7 105 theme enzyme 1162:1167 arg1 sialyltransferase 1169:1185 the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase 1138:1185 the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale 1138:1261 Among others, Roche developed the glycosyltransferase enzyme sialyltransferase which was used for the in vitro glycoengineering activities at medium scale. 26266936 9 106 from receptors 1751:1759 arg1 activity 1724:1731 ADCC activity 1719:1731 ADCC activity 1719:1731 The results of our studies do not show an impact, neither positive nor negative, of sialic acid- containing Fc glycans of IgG1 on ADCC activity, FcγRI, and RIIIa receptors, but a slightly improved binding to FcγRIIa. 26266936 3 107 theme multiple 490:497 arg1 species 506:512 multiple glycan species 490:512 multiple glycan species 490:512 If there are glycosylation changes between different batches, these changes are observed not only for one but multiple glycan species. 26266936 10 108 dep FcγRIIa 1915:1921 arg1 receptors 1936:1944 receptors 1936:1944 receptors 1936:1944 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 6 109 with levels 1050:1055 arg1 galactosylation 1020:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 minimal and maximal galactosylation 1000:1034 This sample set comprises preparations with minimal and maximal galactosylation and different levels of sialylation of fully galactosylated Fc glycans. 26266936 4 110 theme sialylated 603:612 arg1 structures 614:623 sialylated structures 603:623 sialylated structures 603:623 Therefore, studying the effect of distinct Fc glycan species such as galactosylated and sialylated structures is challenging due to the lack of well-defined differences in glycan patterns of samples used. 26266936 10 111 theme positive 1860:1867 arg1 impact 1869:1874 a galactosylation-induced positive impact 1834:1874 a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity 1834:1962 Furthermore, we demonstrate a galactosylation-induced positive impact on the binding activity of the IgG1 to FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa receptors and ADCC activity. 26266936 2 112 theme current 311:317 arg1 systems 330:336 current production systems 311:336 current production systems 311:336 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 26266936 5 113 gly sialylation 780:790 arg1 effector 799:806 its effector functions 795:816 its effector functions 795:816 In this study, the influence of IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation on its effector functions has been investigated using five different samples which were produced from one single drug substance batch by in vitro glycoengineering. 26266936 2 114 theme batch-to-batch 352:365 arg1 variability 367:377 batch-to-batch variability 352:377 batch-to-batch variability 352:377 Fc glycosylation of monoclonal antibodies from current production systems is subject to batch-to-batch variability. 28672761 3 0 theme congenital 341:350 arg1 disorders 352:360 congenital disorders 341:360 congenital disorders of glycosylation 341:377 Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. 28672761 9 1 theme mutant 1140:1145 arg1 activity 1124:1131 activity 1124:1131 activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation 1124:1181 In GalNAc-T activity assays, the presence of GlcNAc glycosides significantly inhibited activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation. 28672761 10 2 from role 1233:1236 arg1 fold 1286:1289 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 1261:1289 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1261:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 1 3 theme cellular 161:168 arg1 homeostasis 170:180 cellular homeostasis 161:180 cellular homeostasis 161:180 O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. 28672761 10 4 theme β-trefoil 1276:1284 arg1 fold 1286:1289 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 1261:1289 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1261:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 11 5 theme GlcNAc 1455:1460 arg1 glycosides 1462:1471 GlcNAc glycosides 1455:1471 GlcNAc glycosides 1455:1471 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 6 theme regulatory 1495:1504 arg1 mechanism 1506:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 6 theme regulatory 1495:1504 arg1 residues 1365:1372 acetylated residues 1354:1372 acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 1354:1387 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 6 theme regulatory 1495:1504 arg1 points 1409:1414 control points 1401:1414 control points for enzyme activity 1401:1434 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 4 7 theme CBP/p300 530:537 arg1 acetyltransferase 539:555 CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 530:555 CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 530:555 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 5 8 theme enzyme 681:686 arg1 properties 663:672 biological properties 652:672 biological properties of the enzyme 652:686 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 6 9 dep mutants 698:704 arg1 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 9 dep mutants 698:704 arg1 mutants 698:704 Two K626 mutants 689:704 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) 689:741 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 9 dep mutants 698:704 arg1 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 4 10 with site 486:489 arg1 likelihood 501:510 high likelihood 496:510 high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 496:555 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 9 11 theme GlcNAc 1082:1087 arg1 glycosides 1089:1098 GlcNAc glycosides 1082:1098 GlcNAc glycosides 1082:1098 In GalNAc-T activity assays, the presence of GlcNAc glycosides significantly inhibited activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation. 28672761 3 12 from Mutations 292:300 arg1 isoform 317:323 ppGalNAc-T3 isoform 305:323 ppGalNAc-T3 isoform 305:323 Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. 28672761 0 13 theme lectin 101:106 arg1 domain 108:113 the C-terminal lectin domain 86:113 the C-terminal lectin domain 86:113 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 4 14 theme β-trefoil 434:442 arg1 fold 444:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 419:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 419:462 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 9 15 theme glycosides 1089:1098 arg1 presence 1070:1077 the presence 1066:1077 the presence of GlcNAc glycosides 1066:1098 In GalNAc-T activity assays, the presence of GlcNAc glycosides significantly inhibited activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation. 28672761 10 16 theme crucial 1225:1231 arg1 role 1233:1236 the crucial role 1221:1236 the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1221:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 0 17 theme C-terminal 90:99 arg1 domain 108:113 the C-terminal lectin domain 86:113 the C-terminal lectin domain 86:113 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 8 18 theme glycosides 951:960 arg1 presence 932:939 The presence 928:939 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides 928:960 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. 28672761 1 19 from structures 147:156 arg1 homeostasis 170:180 cellular homeostasis 161:180 cellular homeostasis 161:180 O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. 28672761 5 20 theme acetylation 632:642 arg1 site 644:647 this acetylation site 627:647 this acetylation site 627:647 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 3 21 dep diseases 331:338 arg1 disorders 352:360 congenital disorders 341:360 congenital disorders of glycosylation 341:377 Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. 28672761 7 22 theme lectin 886:891 arg1 domain 893:898 the lectin domain 882:898 the lectin domain 882:898 Direct and competitive interaction assays revealed that GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain was altered in the mutants. 28672761 4 23 theme C-terminal 423:432 arg1 fold 444:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 419:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 419:462 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 11 24 theme glycosides 1462:1471 arg1 level 1446:1450 high level 1441:1450 high level of GlcNAc glycosides 1441:1471 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 5 25 theme biological 652:661 arg1 properties 663:672 biological properties 652:672 biological properties of the enzyme 652:686 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 4 26 theme K626 395:398 arg1 residue 400:406 The K626 residue 391:406 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 391:462 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 4 26 theme K626 395:398 arg1 site 486:489 a site 484:489 a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 484:555 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 10 27 theme biological 1294:1303 arg1 properties 1305:1314 biological properties 1294:1314 biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1294:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 8 28 link mucin-derived 1013:1025 arg1 peptides 1027:1034 mucin-derived peptides 1013:1034 mucin-derived peptides 1013:1034 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. 28672761 4 29 theme high 496:499 arg1 likelihood 501:510 high likelihood 496:510 high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 496:555 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 9 30 theme activity 1049:1056 arg1 assays 1058:1063 GalNAc-T activity assays 1040:1063 GalNAc-T activity assays 1040:1063 In GalNAc-T activity assays, the presence of GlcNAc glycosides significantly inhibited activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation. 28672761 4 31 from located 408:414 arg1 fold 444:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 419:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 419:462 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 0 32 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 control 11:17 Functional control 0:17 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain 0:113 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 7 33 theme interaction 827:837 arg1 assays 839:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays 804:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays 804:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays revealed that GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain was altered in the mutants. 28672761 11 34 theme enzyme 1420:1425 arg1 activity 1427:1434 enzyme activity 1420:1434 enzyme activity 1420:1434 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 4 35 theme located 408:414 arg1 residue 400:406 The K626 residue 391:406 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 391:462 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 4 35 theme located 408:414 arg1 site 486:489 a site 484:489 a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 484:555 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 6 36 theme ppGalNAc-T3 709:719 arg1 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 36 theme ppGalNAc-T3 709:719 arg1 mutants 698:704 Two K626 mutants 689:704 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) 689:741 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 36 theme ppGalNAc-T3 709:719 arg1 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 11 37 theme control 1401:1407 arg1 mechanism 1506:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 37 theme control 1401:1407 arg1 residues 1365:1372 acetylated residues 1354:1372 acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 1354:1387 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 37 theme control 1401:1407 arg1 points 1409:1414 control points 1401:1414 control points for enzyme activity 1401:1434 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 0 38 theme polypeptide 22:32 arg1 GalNAc-transferase 34:51 polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 22:53 polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 22:53 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 5 39 theme site 644:647 arg1 role 619:622 the role 615:622 the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme 615:686 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 10 40 from fold 1286:1289 arg1 properties 1305:1314 biological properties 1294:1314 biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1294:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 8 41 theme enzymes 1000:1006 arg1 interaction 975:985 the interaction 971:985 the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides 971:1034 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. 28672761 3 42 theme ppGalNAc-T3 305:315 arg1 isoform 317:323 ppGalNAc-T3 isoform 305:323 ppGalNAc-T3 isoform 305:323 Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. 28672761 10 43 theme human 1319:1323 arg1 ppGalNAc-T3 1325:1335 human ppGalNAc-T3 1319:1335 human ppGalNAc-T3 1319:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 10 44 theme ppGalNAc-T3 1325:1335 arg1 properties 1305:1314 biological properties 1294:1314 biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1294:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 7 45 theme GalNAc 860:865 arg1 recognition 867:877 GalNAc recognition 860:877 GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain 860:898 Direct and competitive interaction assays revealed that GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain was altered in the mutants. 28672761 7 46 theme competitive 815:825 arg1 assays 839:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays 804:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays 804:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays revealed that GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain was altered in the mutants. 28672761 10 47 theme C-terminal 1265:1274 arg1 fold 1286:1289 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 1261:1289 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1261:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 6 48 theme K626 693:696 arg1 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 48 theme K626 693:696 arg1 mutants 698:704 Two K626 mutants 689:704 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) 689:741 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 48 theme K626 693:696 arg1 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 0 49 theme GalNAc-transferase 34:51 arg1 control 11:17 Functional control 0:17 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain 0:113 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 8 50 theme mucin-derived 1013:1025 arg1 peptides 1027:1034 mucin-derived peptides 1013:1034 mucin-derived peptides 1013:1034 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. 28672761 6 51 contain had 743:745 arg1 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 T3K626Q 722:728 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 51 contain had 743:745 arg2 activities 756:765 GalNAc-T activities 747:765 GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme 747:801 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 51 contain had 743:745 arg1 mutants 698:704 Two K626 mutants 689:704 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) 689:741 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 6 51 contain had 743:745 arg1 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 T3K626A 734:740 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 0 52 from site 78:81 arg1 domain 108:113 the C-terminal lectin domain 86:113 the C-terminal lectin domain 86:113 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 2 53 theme GalNAc-transferase 245:262 arg1 family 284:289 the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family 229:289 the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family 229:289 Their biosynthesis is initiated by members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family. 28672761 8 54 theme GlcNAc 944:949 arg1 glycosides 951:960 GlcNAc glycosides 944:960 GlcNAc glycosides 944:960 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. 28672761 8 55 with interaction 975:985 arg1 peptides 1027:1034 mucin-derived peptides 1013:1034 mucin-derived peptides 1013:1034 The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. 28672761 7 56 theme Direct 804:809 arg1 assays 839:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays 804:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays 804:844 Direct and competitive interaction assays revealed that GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain was altered in the mutants. 28672761 0 57 theme acetylation 66:76 arg1 site 78:81 an acetylation site 63:81 an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain 63:113 Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. 28672761 2 58 theme polypeptide 233:243 arg1 GalNAc-transferase 245:262 polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 233:262 the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family 229:289 Their biosynthesis is initiated by members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family. 28672761 2 58 theme polypeptide 233:243 arg1 ppGalNAc-T 265:274 ppGalNAc-T 265:274 ppGalNAc-T 265:274 Their biosynthesis is initiated by members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family. 28672761 5 59 theme site-directed 568:580 arg1 approach 594:601 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 566:601 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 566:601 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 1 60 theme O-GalNAc 116:123 arg1 glycans 125:131 O-GalNAc glycans 116:131 O-GalNAc glycans 116:131 O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. 28672761 1 60 theme O-GalNAc 116:123 arg1 structures 147:156 important structures 137:156 important structures in cellular homeostasis 137:180 O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. 28672761 9 61 theme GalNAc-T 1040:1047 arg1 assays 1058:1063 GalNAc-T activity assays 1040:1063 GalNAc-T activity assays 1040:1063 In GalNAc-T activity assays, the presence of GlcNAc glycosides significantly inhibited activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation. 28672761 11 62 from residues 1365:1372 arg1 ppGalNAc-T3 1377:1387 ppGalNAc-T3 1377:1387 ppGalNAc-T3 1377:1387 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 5 63 theme mutagenesis 582:592 arg1 approach 594:601 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 566:601 a site-directed mutagenesis approach 566:601 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 5 64 from role 619:622 arg1 properties 663:672 biological properties 652:672 biological properties of the enzyme 652:686 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 5 65 used used 561:564 arg2 We 558:559 We 558:559 We 558:559 We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. 28672761 6 66 theme wild-type 786:794 arg1 enzyme 796:801 wild-type enzyme 786:801 wild-type enzyme 786:801 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 2 67 theme family 284:289 arg1 members 218:224 members 218:224 members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family 218:289 Their biosynthesis is initiated by members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family. 28672761 6 68 theme lower 767:771 arg1 activities 756:765 GalNAc-T activities 747:765 GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme 747:801 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 10 69 theme residue 1250:1256 arg1 role 1233:1236 the crucial role 1221:1236 the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3 1221:1335 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 4 70 from fold 444:447 arg1 located 408:414 located 408:414 located 408:414 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 2 71 theme enzyme 277:282 arg1 family 284:289 the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family 229:289 the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family 229:289 Their biosynthesis is initiated by members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family. 28672761 1 72 theme important 137:145 arg1 glycans 125:131 O-GalNAc glycans 116:131 O-GalNAc glycans 116:131 O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. 28672761 1 72 theme important 137:145 arg1 structures 147:156 important structures 137:156 important structures in cellular homeostasis 137:180 O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. 28672761 10 73 theme K626 1245:1248 arg1 residue 1250:1256 the K626 residue 1241:1256 the K626 residue 1241:1256 Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. 28672761 4 74 theme ppGalNAc-T3 452:462 arg1 fold 444:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold 419:447 the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 419:462 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 6 75 theme GalNAc-T 747:754 arg1 activities 756:765 GalNAc-T activities 747:765 GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme 747:801 Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. 28672761 11 76 theme synergistic 1483:1493 arg1 mechanism 1506:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 76 theme synergistic 1483:1493 arg1 residues 1365:1372 acetylated residues 1354:1372 acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 1354:1387 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 76 theme synergistic 1483:1493 arg1 points 1409:1414 control points 1401:1414 control points for enzyme activity 1401:1434 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 3 77 from diseases 331:338 arg1 humans 383:388 humans 383:388 humans 383:388 Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. 28672761 3 78 theme glycosylation 365:377 arg1 disorders 352:360 congenital disorders 341:360 congenital disorders of glycosylation 341:377 Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. 28672761 4 79 theme acetylation 515:525 arg1 likelihood 501:510 high likelihood 496:510 high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase 496:555 The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. 28672761 11 80 theme acetylated 1354:1363 arg1 mechanism 1506:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 a synergistic regulatory mechanism 1481:1514 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 80 theme acetylated 1354:1363 arg1 residues 1365:1372 acetylated residues 1354:1372 acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 1354:1387 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 80 theme acetylated 1354:1363 arg1 points 1409:1414 control points 1401:1414 control points for enzyme activity 1401:1434 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 81 theme disordered 1544:1553 arg1 state 1555:1559 a metabolically disordered state 1528:1559 a metabolically disordered state 1528:1559 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28672761 11 82 theme high 1441:1444 arg1 level 1446:1450 high level 1441:1450 high level of GlcNAc glycosides 1441:1471 We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state. 28826211 7 0 theme serum 1431:1435 arg1 digests 1414:1420 tryptic digests 1406:1420 tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis 1406:1483 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 5 1 dep groups 834:839 arg1 groups 848:853 amino groups 842:853 amino groups 842:853 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 1 dep groups 834:839 arg1 groups 868:873 hydroxyl groups 859:873 hydroxyl groups 859:873 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 8 2 theme serum 1560:1564 arg1 μL 1548:1549 2 μL 1546:1549 2 μL of human serum 1546:1564 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 8 2 theme serum 1560:1564 arg1 mg 1574:1575 0.1 mg 1570:1575 0.1 mg of rat brain 1570:1588 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 6 3 theme high 1215:1218 arg1 capacity 1228:1235 high binding capacity 1215:1235 high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) 1215:1248 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 3 theme high 1215:1218 arg1 g-1 1245:1247 100 mg g-1 1238:1247 100 mg g-1 1238:1247 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 3 4 from cross-linker 542:553 arg1 system 606:611 an alkaline/urea aqueous system 581:611 an alkaline/urea aqueous system 581:611 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 2 5 theme samples 305:311 arg1 glycoproteins 259:271 glycoproteins 259:271 glycoproteins 259:271 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 2 5 theme samples 305:311 arg1 complexity 282:291 high complexity 277:291 high complexity of clinical samples 277:311 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 7 6 theme tryptic 1406:1412 arg1 digests 1414:1420 tryptic digests 1406:1420 tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis 1406:1483 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 5 7 dep interaction 804:814 arg1 the 779:781 the 779:781 the 779:781 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 7 dep interaction 804:814 arg1 basis 783:787 basis 783:787 basis 783:787 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 8 theme polar 828:832 arg1 groups 834:839 the polar groups 824:839 the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides 824:919 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 3 9 link cross-linked 460:471 arg1 CSMs 496:499 CSMs 496:499 CSMs 496:499 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 3 9 link cross-linked 460:471 arg1 microspheres 482:493 chitosan microspheres 473:493 highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) 453:500 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 4 10 theme mesoporous 694:703 arg1 structure 705:713 mesoporous structure 694:713 mesoporous structure 694:713 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 1 11 theme biological 205:214 arg1 processes 216:224 many biological processes 200:224 many biological processes 200:224 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 7 12 theme glycopeptides 1319:1331 arg1 enrichment 1333:1342 glycopeptides enrichment 1319:1342 glycopeptides enrichment 1319:1342 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 3 13 theme aqueous 598:604 arg1 system 606:611 an alkaline/urea aqueous system 581:611 an alkaline/urea aqueous system 581:611 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 6 14 gly glycopeptides 1253:1265 arg2 glycopeptides 1253:1265 glycopeptides enrichment 1253:1276 glycopeptides enrichment 1253:1276 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 9 15 theme extraction 1623:1632 arg1 time 1634:1637 the extraction time 1619:1637 the extraction time of our method 1619:1651 Additionally, the extraction time of our method was much shorter than the previously reported methods. 28826211 9 15 theme extraction 1623:1632 arg1 shorter 1662:1668 shorter 1662:1668 shorter 1662:1668 Additionally, the extraction time of our method was much shorter than the previously reported methods. 28826211 4 16 theme large 674:678 arg1 area 688:691 large surface area 674:691 large surface area 674:691 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 2 17 theme abundance 246:254 arg1 crucial 395:401 crucial 395:401 crucial 395:401 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 2 17 theme abundance 246:254 arg1 development 318:328 the development 314:328 the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides 314:390 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 5 18 theme hydroxyl 859:866 arg1 groups 868:873 hydroxyl groups 859:873 hydroxyl groups 859:873 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 10 19 with CSMs 1734:1737 arg1 properties 1754:1763 desirable properties 1744:1763 desirable properties 1744:1763 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 6 20 theme good 1176:1179 arg1 % 1207:1207 74.9-106.4% 1197:1207 74.9-106.4% 1197:1207 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 20 theme good 1176:1179 arg1 yield 1190:1194 good recovery yield 1176:1194 good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%) 1176:1208 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 21 theme 100 1238:1240 arg1 mg 1242:1243 mg 1242:1243 mg 1242:1243 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 1 22 theme important 129:137 arg1 modification 158:169 an important post-translational modification 126:169 an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes 126:224 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 1 22 theme important 129:137 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 Protein glycosylation 101:121 Protein glycosylation 101:121 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 9 23 theme method 1646:1651 arg1 time 1634:1637 the extraction time 1619:1637 the extraction time of our method 1619:1651 Additionally, the extraction time of our method was much shorter than the previously reported methods. 28826211 9 23 theme method 1646:1651 arg1 shorter 1662:1668 shorter 1662:1668 shorter 1662:1668 Additionally, the extraction time of our method was much shorter than the previously reported methods. 28826211 4 24 theme high 744:747 arg1 strength 749:756 high strength 744:756 high strength 744:756 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 2 25 theme high 277:280 arg1 complexity 282:291 high complexity 277:291 high complexity of clinical samples 277:311 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 5 26 theme prepared 926:933 arg1 CSMs 935:938 the prepared CSMs 922:938 the prepared CSMs 922:938 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 0 27 theme Selective 60:68 arg1 Enrichment 70:79 the Selective Enrichment 56:79 the Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides 56:98 High Strength and Hydrophilic Chitosan Microspheres for the Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides. 28826211 4 28 contain had 643:645 arg2 structure 705:713 mesoporous structure 694:713 mesoporous structure 694:713 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 4 28 contain had 643:645 arg2 area 688:691 large surface area 674:691 large surface area 674:691 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 4 28 contain had 643:645 arg2 strength 749:756 high strength 744:756 high strength 744:756 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 4 28 contain had 643:645 arg2 resistance 728:737 good acidic resistance 716:737 good acidic resistance 716:737 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 4 28 contain had 643:645 arg1 CSMs 638:641 CSMs 638:641 CSMs 638:641 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 4 28 contain had 643:645 arg2 content 665:671 high amino groups content 647:671 high amino groups content 647:671 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 5 29 theme glycan 888:893 arg1 moieties 895:902 glycan moieties 888:902 glycan moieties 888:902 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 30 gly N-glycopeptides 976:990 arg2 N-glycopeptides 976:990 N-glycopeptides 976:990 N-glycopeptides 976:990 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 4 31 theme acidic 721:726 arg1 resistance 728:737 good acidic resistance 716:737 good acidic resistance 716:737 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 3 32 from solution 569:576 arg1 epichlorhydrine 521:535 epichlorhydrine 521:535 epichlorhydrine 521:535 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 3 32 from solution 569:576 arg1 cross-linker 542:553 a cross-linker 540:553 a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system 540:611 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 5 33 from moieties 895:902 arg1 glycopeptides 907:919 glycopeptides 907:919 glycopeptides 907:919 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 1 34 theme crucial 184:190 arg1 role 192:195 a crucial role 182:195 a crucial role 182:195 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 10 35 theme desirable 1744:1752 arg1 properties 1754:1763 desirable properties 1744:1763 desirable properties 1744:1763 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 5 36 from groups 834:839 arg1 moieties 895:902 glycan moieties 888:902 glycan moieties 888:902 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 36 from groups 834:839 arg1 CSMs 879:882 CSMs 879:882 CSMs 879:882 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 3 37 theme cross-linked 460:471 arg1 CSMs 496:499 CSMs 496:499 CSMs 496:499 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 3 37 theme cross-linked 460:471 arg1 microspheres 482:493 chitosan microspheres 473:493 highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) 453:500 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 5 38 theme N-glycopeptides 976:990 arg1 capture 965:971 specific capture 956:971 specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues) 956:1077 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 7 39 gly N-glycopeptides 1385:1399 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1385:1399 N-glycopeptides 1385:1399 N-glycopeptides 1385:1399 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 0 40 theme High 0:3 arg1 Strength 5:12 High Strength 0:12 High Strength 0:12 High Strength and Hydrophilic Chitosan Microspheres for the Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides. 28826211 1 41 theme Protein 101:107 arg1 modification 158:169 an important post-translational modification 126:169 an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes 126:224 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 1 41 theme Protein 101:107 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 Protein glycosylation 101:121 Protein glycosylation 101:121 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 6 42 dep sensitivity 1140:1150 arg1 M 1165:1165 4.5 × 10-10 M 1153:1165 4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP 1153:1172 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 3 43 theme chitosan 560:567 arg1 solution 569:576 chitosan solution 560:576 chitosan solution 560:576 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 7 44 from performance 1304:1314 arg1 enrichment 1333:1342 glycopeptides enrichment 1319:1342 glycopeptides enrichment 1319:1342 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 8 45 theme 194 1500:1502 arg1 sites 1535:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 10 46 theme broad 1775:1779 arg1 application 1781:1791 broad application 1775:1791 broad application 1775:1791 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 3 47 theme microspheres 482:493 arg1 kind 445:448 a kind 443:448 a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) 443:500 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 5 48 theme hydrophilic 792:802 arg1 interaction 804:814 hydrophilic interaction 792:814 hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides 792:919 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 49 theme complex 1026:1032 arg1 samples 1045:1051 complex biological samples 1026:1051 complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues) 1026:1077 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 8 50 theme 947 1508:1510 arg1 sites 1535:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 7 51 theme brain 1445:1449 arg1 digests 1414:1420 tryptic digests 1406:1420 tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis 1406:1483 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 6 52 theme = 1125:1125 arg1 selectivity 1104:1114 high selectivity 1099:1114 high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100) 1099:1132 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 52 theme = 1125:1125 arg1 1:100 1127:1131 HRP/BSA = 1:100 1117:1131 HRP/BSA = 1:100 1117:1131 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 2 53 theme glycoproteins 259:271 arg1 abundance 246:254 the low abundance 238:254 the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples 238:311 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 5 54 theme standard 997:1004 arg1 digests 1014:1020 standard protein digests 997:1020 standard protein digests 997:1020 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 2 55 theme glycoproteomics 406:420 arg1 study 422:426 glycoproteomics study 406:426 glycoproteomics study 406:426 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 4 56 theme surface 680:686 arg1 area 688:691 large surface area 674:691 large surface area 674:691 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 7 57 theme human 1425:1429 arg1 serum 1431:1435 human serum 1425:1435 human serum 1425:1435 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 6 58 theme high 1099:1102 arg1 selectivity 1104:1114 high selectivity 1099:1114 high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100) 1099:1132 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 58 theme high 1099:1102 arg1 1:100 1127:1131 HRP/BSA = 1:100 1117:1131 HRP/BSA = 1:100 1117:1131 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 4 59 theme high 647:650 arg1 content 665:671 high amino groups content 647:671 high amino groups content 647:671 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 6 60 theme binding 1220:1226 arg1 capacity 1228:1235 high binding capacity 1215:1235 high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) 1215:1248 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 60 theme binding 1220:1226 arg1 g-1 1245:1247 100 mg g-1 1238:1247 100 mg g-1 1238:1247 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 7 61 gly glycopeptides 1319:1331 arg2 glycopeptides 1319:1331 glycopeptides enrichment 1319:1342 glycopeptides enrichment 1319:1342 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 8 62 theme human 1554:1558 arg1 serum 1560:1564 human serum 1554:1564 human serum 1554:1564 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 10 63 theme N-glycoproteome 1821:1835 arg1 analysis 1837:1844 large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis 1796:1844 analysis 1837:1844 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 2 64 theme clinical 296:303 arg1 samples 305:311 clinical samples 296:311 clinical samples 296:311 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 5 65 from digests 1014:1020 arg1 capture 965:971 specific capture 956:971 specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues) 956:1077 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 66 dep samples 1045:1051 arg1 fluids 1059:1064 body fluids 1054:1064 body fluids 1054:1064 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 66 dep samples 1045:1051 arg1 tissues 1070:1076 tissues 1070:1076 tissues 1070:1076 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 2 67 theme methods 333:339 arg1 development 318:328 the development 314:328 the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides 314:390 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 2 67 theme methods 333:339 arg1 crucial 395:401 crucial 395:401 crucial 395:401 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 1 68 theme many 200:203 arg1 processes 216:224 many biological processes 200:224 many biological processes 200:224 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 6 69 theme good 1135:1138 arg1 sensitivity 1140:1150 good sensitivity 1135:1150 good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP) 1135:1173 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 2 70 gly glycoproteins 259:271 arg1 glycoproteins 259:271 glycoproteins 259:271 glycoproteins 259:271 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 6 71 theme glycopeptides 1253:1265 arg1 enrichment 1267:1276 glycopeptides enrichment 1253:1276 glycopeptides enrichment 1253:1276 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 3 72 theme alkaline/urea 584:596 arg1 system 606:611 an alkaline/urea aqueous system 581:611 an alkaline/urea aqueous system 581:611 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 5 73 from samples 1045:1051 arg1 capture 965:971 specific capture 956:971 specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues) 956:1077 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 74 theme amino 842:846 arg1 groups 848:853 amino groups 842:853 amino groups 842:853 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 5 75 gly glycopeptides 907:919 arg2 glycopeptides 907:919 glycopeptides 907:919 glycopeptides 907:919 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 4 76 theme groups 658:663 arg1 content 665:671 high amino groups content 647:671 high amino groups content 647:671 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 10 77 theme fabricated 1723:1732 arg1 CSMs 1734:1737 the fabricated CSMs 1719:1737 the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties 1719:1763 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 6 78 theme recovery 1181:1188 arg1 % 1207:1207 74.9-106.4% 1197:1207 74.9-106.4% 1197:1207 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 78 theme recovery 1181:1188 arg1 yield 1190:1194 good recovery yield 1176:1194 good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%) 1176:1208 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 8 79 theme N-glycosylation 1519:1533 arg1 sites 1535:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 2 80 theme low 242:244 arg1 abundance 246:254 the low abundance 238:254 the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples 238:311 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 7 81 theme excellent 1294:1302 arg1 performance 1304:1314 the excellent performance 1290:1314 the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment 1290:1342 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 5 82 theme body 1054:1057 arg1 fluids 1059:1064 body fluids 1054:1064 body fluids 1054:1064 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 2 83 theme complexity 282:291 arg1 abundance 246:254 the low abundance 238:254 the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples 238:311 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 1 84 theme post-translational 139:156 arg1 modification 158:169 an important post-translational modification 126:169 an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes 126:224 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 1 84 theme post-translational 139:156 arg1 glycosylation 109:121 Protein glycosylation 101:121 Protein glycosylation 101:121 Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in many biological processes. 28826211 6 85 theme HRP 1170:1172 arg1 M 1165:1165 4.5 × 10-10 M 1153:1165 4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP 1153:1172 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 5 86 from CSMs 879:882 arg1 glycopeptides 907:919 glycopeptides 907:919 glycopeptides 907:919 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 0 87 theme N-Glycopeptides 84:98 arg1 Enrichment 70:79 the Selective Enrichment 56:79 the Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides 56:98 High Strength and Hydrophilic Chitosan Microspheres for the Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides. 28826211 4 88 theme good 716:719 arg1 resistance 728:737 good acidic resistance 716:737 good acidic resistance 716:737 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 5 89 theme specific 956:963 arg1 capture 965:971 specific capture 956:971 specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues) 956:1077 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 9 90 theme reported 1690:1697 arg1 methods 1699:1705 the previously reported methods 1675:1705 the previously reported methods 1675:1705 Additionally, the extraction time of our method was much shorter than the previously reported methods. 28826211 3 91 theme chitosan 473:480 arg1 CSMs 496:499 CSMs 496:499 CSMs 496:499 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 3 91 theme chitosan 473:480 arg1 microspheres 482:493 chitosan microspheres 473:493 highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) 453:500 In this work, a kind of highly cross-linked chitosan microspheres (CSMs) was prepared using epichlorhydrine as a cross-linker from chitosan solution in an alkaline/urea aqueous system. 28826211 0 92 theme Hydrophilic 18:28 arg1 Chitosan 30:37 Hydrophilic Chitosan 18:37 Hydrophilic Chitosan 18:37 High Strength and Hydrophilic Chitosan Microspheres for the Selective Enrichment of N-Glycopeptides. 28826211 8 93 gly N-glycosylation 1519:1533 arg2 sites 1535:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 4 94 theme various 761:767 arg1 tests 769:773 various tests 761:773 various tests 761:773 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 28826211 8 95 theme rat 1580:1582 arg1 brain 1584:1588 rat brain 1580:1588 rat brain 1580:1588 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 8 96 theme unique 1512:1517 arg1 sites 1535:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites 1500:1539 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 7 97 theme nanoLC-MS/MS 1463:1474 arg1 analysis 1476:1483 nanoLC-MS/MS analysis 1463:1483 nanoLC-MS/MS analysis 1463:1483 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 5 98 theme biological 1034:1043 arg1 samples 1045:1051 complex biological samples 1026:1051 complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues) 1026:1077 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 2 99 gly glycoproteins/glycopeptides 364:390 arg2 glycoproteins/glycopeptides 364:390 glycoproteins/glycopeptides 364:390 glycoproteins/glycopeptides 364:390 Because of the low abundance of glycoproteins and high complexity of clinical samples, the development of methods to selectively capture glycoproteins/glycopeptides is crucial to glycoproteomics study. 28826211 10 100 theme in-depth 1812:1819 arg1 analysis 1837:1844 large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis 1796:1844 analysis 1837:1844 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 6 101 theme HRP/BSA 1117:1123 arg1 selectivity 1104:1114 high selectivity 1099:1114 high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100) 1099:1132 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 6 101 theme HRP/BSA 1117:1123 arg1 1:100 1127:1131 HRP/BSA = 1:100 1117:1131 HRP/BSA = 1:100 1117:1131 The CSMs exhibited high selectivity (HRP/BSA = 1:100), good sensitivity (4.5 × 10-10 M of HRP), good recovery yield (74.9-106.4%), and high binding capacity (100 mg g-1) in glycopeptides enrichment. 28826211 10 102 theme large-scale 1796:1806 arg1 analysis 1837:1844 large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis 1796:1844 analysis 1837:1844 Therefore, the fabricated CSMs with desirable properties will find broad application in large-scale and in-depth N-glycoproteome analysis. 28826211 8 103 theme brain 1584:1588 arg1 μL 1548:1549 2 μL 1546:1549 2 μL of human serum 1546:1564 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 8 103 theme brain 1584:1588 arg1 mg 1574:1575 0.1 mg 1570:1575 0.1 mg of rat brain 1570:1588 We identified 194 and 947 unique N-glycosylation sites from 2 μL of human serum and 0.1 mg of rat brain, respectively. 28826211 7 104 theme rat 1441:1443 arg1 brain 1445:1449 rat brain 1441:1449 rat brain 1441:1449 Because of the excellent performance in glycopeptides enrichment, CSMs were applied to selectively enrich N-glycopeptides from tryptic digests of human serum and rat brain followed by nanoLC-MS/MS analysis. 28826211 5 105 theme protein 1006:1012 arg1 digests 1014:1020 standard protein digests 997:1020 standard protein digests 997:1020 On the basis of hydrophilic interaction between the polar groups (amino groups and hydroxyl groups) on CSMs and glycan moieties on glycopeptides, the prepared CSMs were applied to specific capture of N-glycopeptides from standard protein digests and complex biological samples (body fluids and tissues). 28826211 4 106 theme amino 652:656 arg1 content 665:671 high amino groups content 647:671 high amino groups content 647:671 The results showed that CSMs had high amino groups content, large surface area, mesoporous structure, good acidic resistance, and high strength by various tests. 25594223 3 0 theme ENFs 328:331 arg1 set 308:310 A set 306:310 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures 306:386 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 3 0 theme ENFs 328:331 arg1 ENFs 328:331 glycosylated ENFs 315:331 glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures 315:386 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 4 1 theme relative 511:518 arg1 rats 506:509 rats 506:509 rats relative to ENF 506:525 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 5 2 theme gp41 692:695 arg1 fragment 654:661 a functional fragment 641:661 a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 641:695 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 6 3 with protein 982:988 arg1 properties 1037:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 6 4 theme pharmaceutical 1022:1035 arg1 properties 1037:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 6 5 with drugs 1002:1006 arg1 properties 1037:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 4 6 dep comparable 580:589 arg1 EC50 607:610 EC50 607:610 EC50: 2 vs 3 nM 607:621 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 6 7 theme enhanced 1013:1020 arg1 properties 1037:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 enhanced pharmaceutical properties 1013:1046 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 3 8 theme glycan 370:375 arg1 structures 377:386 glycan structures 370:386 glycan structures 370:386 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 4 9 dep T1/2 528:531 arg1 h 546:546 23.1 vs 1.5 h 534:546 T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h 528:546 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 5 10 dep mechanism 767:775 arg1 behind 777:782 behind 777:782 behind its potent antiviral activity 777:812 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 4 11 theme sialic 421:426 arg1 SL-ENF 453:458 SL-ENF 453:458 SL-ENF 453:458 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 4 11 theme sialic 421:426 arg1 peptide 444:450 a sialic acid-introduced peptide 419:450 a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) 419:459 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 5 12 theme fusogenic 674:682 arg1 gp41 692:695 the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 666:695 the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 666:695 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 4 13 theme antiviral 558:566 arg1 potency 568:574 its antiviral potency 554:574 its antiviral potency 554:574 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 4 14 theme extended 484:491 arg1 half-life 493:501 a 15-fold extended half-life 474:501 a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h) 474:547 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 2 15 theme glycosylation 282:294 arg1 approach 296:303 a chemical glycosylation approach 271:303 a chemical glycosylation approach 271:303 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 6 16 theme peptide 994:1000 arg1 drugs 1002:1006 peptide drugs 994:1006 peptide drugs 994:1006 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 5 17 theme HIV 670:672 arg1 gp41 692:695 the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 666:695 the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 666:695 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 1 18 theme Many 85:88 arg1 therapeutics 104:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics 85:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics 85:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics have short circulatory half-lives. 25594223 5 19 theme potent 788:793 arg1 activity 805:812 its potent antiviral activity 784:812 its potent antiviral activity 784:812 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 4 20 from half-life 493:501 arg1 rats 506:509 rats 506:509 rats relative to ENF 506:525 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 3 21 theme varying 338:344 arg1 sites 360:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 1 22 theme peptide-based 90:102 arg1 therapeutics 104:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics 85:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics 85:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics have short circulatory half-lives. 25594223 5 23 theme antiviral 795:803 arg1 activity 805:812 its potent antiviral activity 784:812 its potent antiviral activity 784:812 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 0 24 theme Glycosylated 0:11 arg1 enfuvirtide 13:23 Glycosylated enfuvirtide 0:23 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 0:83 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25594223 6 25 theme protein 982:988 arg1 development 961:971 the development 957:971 the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties 957:1046 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 4 26 dep half-life 493:501 arg1 T1/2 528:531 T1/2 528:531 T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h 528:546 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 2 27 theme anti-HIV 199:206 arg1 ENF 234:236 ENF 234:236 ENF 234:236 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 2 27 theme anti-HIV 199:206 arg1 enfuvirtide 221:231 an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide 196:231 an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) 196:237 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 1 28 theme short 122:126 arg1 half-lives 140:149 short circulatory half-lives 122:149 short circulatory half-lives 122:149 Many peptide-based therapeutics have short circulatory half-lives. 25594223 6 29 theme novel 976:980 arg1 protein 982:988 novel protein 976:988 novel protein 976:988 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 4 30 dep EC50 607:610 arg1 nM 620:621 2 vs 3 nM 613:621 EC50: 2 vs 3 nM 607:621 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 0 31 theme long-lasting 28:39 arg1 glycopeptide 41:52 a long-lasting glycopeptide 26:52 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 0:83 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25594223 5 32 theme functional 643:652 arg1 fragment 654:661 a functional fragment 641:661 a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 641:695 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 4 33 theme 15-fold 476:482 arg1 half-life 493:501 a 15-fold extended half-life 474:501 a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h) 474:547 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 0 34 theme potent 59:64 arg1 activity 75:82 potent anti-HIV activity 59:82 potent anti-HIV activity 59:82 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25594223 1 35 contain have 117:120 arg1 therapeutics 104:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics 85:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics 85:115 Many peptide-based therapeutics have short circulatory half-lives. 25594223 1 35 contain have 117:120 arg2 half-lives 140:149 short circulatory half-lives 122:149 short circulatory half-lives 122:149 Many peptide-based therapeutics have short circulatory half-lives. 25594223 3 36 gly glycosylation 346:358 arg2 sites 360:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 0 37 theme anti-HIV 66:73 arg1 activity 75:82 potent anti-HIV activity 59:82 potent anti-HIV activity 59:82 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25594223 1 38 theme circulatory 128:138 arg1 half-lives 140:149 short circulatory half-lives 122:149 short circulatory half-lives 122:149 Many peptide-based therapeutics have short circulatory half-lives. 25594223 5 39 theme high 723:726 arg1 affinity 728:735 high affinity 723:735 high affinity 723:735 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 3 40 theme glycosylated 315:326 arg1 ENFs 328:331 glycosylated ENFs 315:331 glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures 315:386 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 4 41 theme acid-introduced 428:442 arg1 SL-ENF 453:458 SL-ENF 453:458 SL-ENF 453:458 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 4 41 theme acid-introduced 428:442 arg1 peptide 444:450 a sialic acid-introduced peptide 419:450 a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) 419:459 Among these, a sialic acid-introduced peptide (SL-ENF) demonstrated a 15-fold extended half-life in rats relative to ENF (T1/2: 23.1 vs 1.5 h), and its antiviral potency was comparable to that of ENF (EC50: 2 vs 3 nM). 25594223 2 42 theme enfuvirtide 221:231 arg1 pharmacokinetics 176:191 the pharmacokinetics 172:191 the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) 172:237 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 3 43 with ENFs 328:331 arg1 sites 360:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 3 43 with ENFs 328:331 arg1 structures 377:386 glycan structures 370:386 glycan structures 370:386 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 5 44 theme protein 684:690 arg1 gp41 692:695 the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 666:695 the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 666:695 SL-ENF bound to a functional fragment of the HIV fusogenic protein gp41 and formed complexes with high affinity and α-helicity, revealing the mechanism behind its potent antiviral activity. 25594223 2 45 theme chemical 273:280 arg1 approach 296:303 a chemical glycosylation approach 271:303 a chemical glycosylation approach 271:303 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 2 46 theme drug 216:219 arg1 ENF 234:236 ENF 234:236 ENF 234:236 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 2 46 theme drug 216:219 arg1 enfuvirtide 221:231 an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide 196:231 an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) 196:237 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 0 47 gly glycopeptide 41:52 arg2 glycopeptide 41:52 a long-lasting glycopeptide 26:52 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 0:83 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25594223 3 48 gly glycosylated 315:326 arg1 ENFs 328:331 glycosylated ENFs 315:331 glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures 315:386 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 2 49 theme peptide 208:214 arg1 ENF 234:236 ENF 234:236 ENF 234:236 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 2 49 theme peptide 208:214 arg1 enfuvirtide 221:231 an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide 196:231 an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) 196:237 We report here that the pharmacokinetics of an anti-HIV peptide drug enfuvirtide (ENF) can be dramatically improved by a chemical glycosylation approach. 25594223 0 50 dep enfuvirtide 13:23 arg1 glycopeptide 41:52 a long-lasting glycopeptide 26:52 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 0:83 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25594223 6 51 theme drugs 1002:1006 arg1 development 961:971 the development 957:971 the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties 957:1046 Because it is widely accepted in biology that glycosylation protects proteins from denaturation and proteases, our approach may be useful for the development of novel protein and peptide drugs with enhanced pharmaceutical properties. 25594223 3 52 theme glycosylation 346:358 arg1 sites 360:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 varying glycosylation sites 338:364 A set of glycosylated ENFs with varying glycosylation sites and glycan structures were synthesized. 25594223 0 53 with glycopeptide 41:52 arg1 activity 75:82 potent anti-HIV activity 59:82 potent anti-HIV activity 59:82 Glycosylated enfuvirtide: a long-lasting glycopeptide with potent anti-HIV activity. 25523794 8 0 from mechanism 1629:1637 arg1 planta 1659:1664 planta 1659:1664 planta 1659:1664 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 2 1 theme large-scale 408:418 arg1 production 420:429 the large-scale production 404:429 the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs 404:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 6 2 theme protein 1287:1293 arg1 contaminants 1295:1306 no protein contaminants 1284:1306 no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process 1284:1407 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 6 3 theme pure 1245:1248 arg1 preparations 1255:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 6 3 theme pure 1245:1248 arg1 vaccines 1225:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 8 4 theme influenza 1703:1711 arg1 assembly 1719:1726 influenza virus assembly 1703:1726 influenza virus assembly 1703:1726 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 3 5 theme profiles 625:632 arg1 characterization 592:607 the characterization 588:607 the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities 588:749 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 7 6 theme lipid 1503:1507 arg1 rafts 1509:1513 plant lipid rafts 1497:1513 plant lipid rafts 1497:1513 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 4 7 theme core 951:954 arg1 epitopes 970:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 6 8 theme influenza 1215:1223 arg1 preparations 1255:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 6 8 theme influenza 1215:1223 arg1 vaccines 1225:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 4 9 theme Mass 752:755 arg1 analyses 770:777 Mass spectrometry analyses 752:777 Mass spectrometry analyses 752:777 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 2 10 theme plant-based 356:366 arg1 platform 386:393 a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform 354:393 a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs 354:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 1 11 theme influenza 219:227 arg1 virus 229:233 the influenza virus 215:233 the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens 215:323 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 4 12 gly N-glycosylation 795:809 arg1 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 12 gly N-glycosylation 795:809 arg2 sites 811:815 all N-glycosylation sites 791:815 all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 791:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 12 gly N-glycosylation 795:809 arg1 haemagglutinins 864:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 12 gly N-glycosylation 795:809 arg2 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 13 dep -fucose 942:948 arg1 extensions 992:1001 extensions 992:1001 extensions 992:1001 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 1 14 theme promising 250:258 arg1 alternative 268:278 a promising vaccine alternative 248:278 a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens 248:323 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 8 15 theme raft 1539:1542 arg1 markers 1544:1550 such raft markers 1534:1550 such raft markers 1534:1550 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 7 16 theme host 1440:1443 arg1 proteins 1450:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 4 17 theme N-glycosylation 795:809 arg1 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 17 theme N-glycosylation 795:809 arg1 sites 811:815 all N-glycosylation sites 791:815 all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 791:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 6 18 theme enzyme-assisted 1374:1388 arg1 process 1401:1407 the enzyme-assisted extraction process 1370:1407 the enzyme-assisted extraction process 1370:1407 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 5 19 theme IgG 1106:1108 arg1 hypersensibility 1072:1087 hypersensibility 1072:1087 hypersensibility 1072:1087 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 1 20 theme virus-like 148:157 arg1 particles 159:167 Influenza virus-like particles 138:167 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) 138:174 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 1 20 theme virus-like 148:157 arg1 particles 194:202 noninfectious particles 180:202 noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens 180:323 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 1 20 theme virus-like 148:157 arg1 VLPs 170:173 VLPs 170:173 VLPs 170:173 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 5 21 theme IgE 1113:1115 arg1 hypersensibility 1072:1087 hypersensibility 1072:1087 hypersensibility 1072:1087 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 5 22 dep phases 1013:1018 arg1 phases 1013:1018 phases I and II 1013:1027 phases I and II 1013:1027 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 5 22 dep phases 1013:1018 arg1 II 1026:1027 II 1026:1027 II 1026:1027 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 5 22 dep phases 1013:1018 arg1 I 1020:1020 I 1020:1020 I 1020:1020 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 0 23 theme transient 98:106 arg1 expression 108:117 transient expression 98:117 transient expression in tobacco plants 98:135 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 1 24 theme noninfectious 180:192 arg1 particles 159:167 Influenza virus-like particles 138:167 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) 138:174 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 1 24 theme noninfectious 180:192 arg1 particles 194:202 noninfectious particles 180:202 noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens 180:323 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 8 25 theme host 1579:1582 arg1 impurity 1589:1596 host cell impurity 1579:1596 host cell impurity 1579:1596 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 4 26 theme recombinant 852:862 arg1 haemagglutinins 864:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 8 27 theme impurity 1589:1596 arg1 type 1571:1574 the type 1567:1574 the type of host cell impurity identified 1567:1607 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 4 28 theme extracellular 824:836 arg1 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 28 theme extracellular 824:836 arg1 haemagglutinins 864:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 2 29 theme VLPs 454:457 arg1 production 420:429 the large-scale production 404:429 the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs 404:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 0 30 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 composition 12:22 Biochemical composition 0:22 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 0:84 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 5 31 theme Previous 1004:1011 arg1 studies 1038:1044 Previous phases I and II clinical studies 1004:1044 Previous phases I and II clinical studies 1004:1044 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 8 32 dep together 1553:1560 arg1 with 1562:1565 with 1562:1565 with 1562:1565 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 4 33 theme α 936:936 arg1 -fucose 942:948 core α(1,3)-fucose 931:948 core α(1,3)-fucose 931:948 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 0 34 theme influenza 48:56 arg1 vaccine 78:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 8 35 theme VLP 1642:1644 arg1 formation 1646:1654 VLP formation 1642:1654 VLP formation 1642:1654 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 3 36 theme lipid 713:717 arg1 content 719:725 the tobacco-derived lipid content 693:725 the tobacco-derived lipid content 693:725 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 3 37 theme vaccines 560:567 arg1 compositions 506:517 the biochemical compositions 490:517 the biochemical compositions 490:517 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 0 38 theme particle 69:76 arg1 vaccine 78:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 4 39 theme complex-type 901:912 arg1 N-glycans 914:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans 886:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions 886:1001 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 3 40 theme influenza 540:548 arg1 vaccines 560:567 these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines 522:567 these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines 522:567 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 8 41 theme virus 1713:1717 arg1 assembly 1719:1726 influenza virus assembly 1703:1726 influenza virus assembly 1703:1726 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 1 42 theme vaccine 260:266 arg1 alternative 268:278 a promising vaccine alternative 248:278 a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens 248:323 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 4 43 theme spectrometry 757:768 arg1 analyses 770:777 Mass spectrometry analyses 752:777 Mass spectrometry analyses 752:777 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 3 44 theme impurities 740:749 arg1 profiles 625:632 the N-glycan profiles 612:632 the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities 612:749 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 2 45 theme GMP-grade 434:442 arg1 VLPs 454:457 GMP-grade influenza VLPs 434:457 GMP-grade influenza VLPs 434:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 3 46 link tobacco-derived 697:711 arg1 content 719:725 the tobacco-derived lipid content 693:725 the tobacco-derived lipid content 693:725 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 1 47 theme influenza 295:303 arg1 virions 305:311 inactivated influenza virions 283:311 inactivated influenza virions 283:311 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 4 48 theme β 956:956 arg1 epitopes 970:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 8 49 theme natural 1684:1690 arg1 process 1692:1698 the natural process 1680:1698 the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals 1680:1737 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 3 50 theme N-glycan 616:623 arg1 profiles 625:632 the N-glycan profiles 612:632 the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities 612:749 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 2 51 theme VLP 368:370 arg1 platform 386:393 a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform 354:393 a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs 354:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 4 52 theme 1,2 958:960 arg1 epitopes 970:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 3 53 theme viral 641:645 arg1 haemagglutinins 647:661 the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins 637:680 the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins 637:680 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 6 54 theme plant-made 1204:1213 arg1 preparations 1255:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 6 54 theme plant-made 1204:1213 arg1 vaccines 1225:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 7 55 theme plant 1497:1501 arg1 rafts 1509:1513 plant lipid rafts 1497:1513 plant lipid rafts 1497:1513 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 0 56 from expression 108:117 arg1 plants 130:135 tobacco plants 122:135 tobacco plants 122:135 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 3 57 dep haemagglutinins 647:661 arg1 H1 663:664 H1 663:664 H1 663:664 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 3 57 dep haemagglutinins 647:661 arg1 proteins 673:680 H5 proteins 670:680 H5 proteins 670:680 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 3 58 theme H5 670:671 arg1 proteins 673:680 H5 proteins 670:680 H5 proteins 670:680 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 8 59 theme markers 1544:1550 arg1 Identification 1516:1529 Identification 1516:1529 Identification of such raft markers 1516:1550 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 4 60 contain carry 880:884 arg1 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 60 contain carry 880:884 arg1 sites 811:815 all N-glycosylation sites 791:815 all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 791:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 60 contain carry 880:884 arg2 N-glycans 914:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans 886:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions 886:1001 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 6 61 theme extraction 1390:1399 arg1 process 1401:1407 the enzyme-assisted extraction process 1370:1407 the enzyme-assisted extraction process 1370:1407 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 1 62 theme Influenza 138:146 arg1 particles 159:167 Influenza virus-like particles 138:167 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) 138:174 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 1 62 theme Influenza 138:146 arg1 particles 194:202 noninfectious particles 180:202 noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens 180:323 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 1 62 theme Influenza 138:146 arg1 VLPs 170:173 VLPs 170:173 VLPs 170:173 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 4 63 theme -xylose 962:968 arg1 epitopes 970:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 7 64 theme cell 1445:1448 arg1 proteins 1450:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 8 65 from process 1692:1698 arg1 mammals 1731:1737 mammals 1731:1737 mammals 1731:1737 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 7 66 theme few 1436:1438 arg1 proteins 1450:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 4 67 contain having 924:929 arg1 N-glycans 914:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans 886:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions 886:1001 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 67 contain having 924:929 arg2 a 989:989 a 989:989 a 989:989 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 67 contain having 924:929 arg2 Lewis 983:987 Lewis 983:987 Lewis(a) 983:990 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 67 contain having 924:929 arg2 -fucose 942:948 core α(1,3)-fucose 931:948 core α(1,3)-fucose 931:948 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 67 contain having 924:929 arg2 epitopes 970:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes 951:977 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 6 68 theme VLPs 1250:1253 arg1 preparations 1255:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 highly pure VLPs preparations 1238:1266 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 6 68 theme VLPs 1250:1253 arg1 vaccines 1225:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 the plant-made influenza vaccines 1200:1232 In addition, this article showed that the plant-made influenza vaccines are highly pure VLPs preparations while detecting no protein contaminants coming either from Agrobacterium or from the enzymes used for the enzyme-assisted extraction process. 25523794 3 69 theme haemagglutinins 647:661 arg1 profiles 625:632 the N-glycan profiles 612:632 the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities 612:749 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 8 70 theme cell 1584:1587 arg1 impurity 1589:1596 host cell impurity 1579:1596 host cell impurity 1579:1596 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 8 71 theme such 1534:1537 arg1 markers 1544:1550 such raft markers 1534:1550 such raft markers 1534:1550 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 0 72 theme tobacco 122:128 arg1 plants 130:135 tobacco plants 122:135 tobacco plants 122:135 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 2 73 theme manufacturing 372:384 arg1 platform 386:393 a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform 354:393 a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs 354:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 5 74 theme clinical 1029:1036 arg1 studies 1038:1044 Previous phases I and II clinical studies 1004:1044 Previous phases I and II clinical studies 1004:1044 Previous phases I and II clinical studies have demonstrated that no hypersensibility nor induction of IgG or IgE directed against these glycans was observed. 25523794 4 75 theme haemagglutinins 864:878 arg1 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 75 theme haemagglutinins 864:878 arg1 haemagglutinins 864:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 the recombinant haemagglutinins 848:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 3 76 theme biochemical 494:504 arg1 compositions 506:517 the biochemical compositions 490:517 the biochemical compositions 490:517 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 2 77 theme influenza 444:452 arg1 VLPs 454:457 GMP-grade influenza VLPs 434:457 GMP-grade influenza VLPs 434:457 Medicago inc. has developed a plant-based VLP manufacturing platform allowing the large-scale production of GMP-grade influenza VLPs. 25523794 0 78 theme haemagglutinin-based 27:46 arg1 vaccine 78:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 3 79 theme content 719:725 arg1 profiles 625:632 the N-glycan profiles 612:632 the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities 612:749 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 4 80 theme domain 838:843 arg1 domain 838:843 the extracellular domain 820:843 the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 820:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 80 theme domain 838:843 arg1 sites 811:815 all N-glycosylation sites 791:815 all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins 791:878 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 3 81 theme plant-based 528:538 arg1 vaccines 560:567 these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines 522:567 these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines 522:567 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 0 82 theme virus-like 58:67 arg1 vaccine 78:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 27:84 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 8 83 theme formation 1646:1654 arg1 mechanism 1629:1637 the mechanism 1625:1637 the mechanism of VLP formation in planta 1625:1664 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 8 83 theme formation 1646:1654 arg1 similar 1669:1675 similar 1669:1675 similar 1669:1675 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 3 84 theme tobacco-derived 697:711 arg1 content 719:725 the tobacco-derived lipid content 693:725 the tobacco-derived lipid content 693:725 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 4 85 theme core 931:934 arg1 α 936:936 core α 931:936 core α(1,3)-fucose 931:948 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 4 85 theme core 931:934 arg1 1,3 938:940 1,3 938:940 1,3 938:940 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 0 86 theme vaccine 78:84 arg1 composition 12:22 Biochemical composition 0:22 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine 0:84 Biochemical composition of haemagglutinin-based influenza virus-like particle vaccine produced by transient expression in tobacco plants. 25523794 8 87 theme assembly 1719:1726 arg1 process 1692:1698 the natural process 1680:1698 the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals 1680:1737 Identification of such raft markers, together with the type of host cell impurity identified, confirmed that the mechanism of VLP formation in planta is similar to the natural process of influenza virus assembly in mammals. 25523794 3 88 theme residual 731:738 arg1 impurities 740:749 residual impurities 731:749 residual impurities 731:749 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 4 89 theme plant-specific 886:899 arg1 N-glycans 914:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans 886:922 plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions 886:1001 Mass spectrometry analyses showed that all N-glycosylation sites of the extracellular domain of the recombinant haemagglutinins carry plant-specific complex-type N-glycans having core α(1,3)-fucose, core β(1,2)-xylose epitopes and Lewis(a) extensions. 25523794 3 90 theme candidate 550:558 arg1 vaccines 560:567 these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines 522:567 these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines 522:567 In this article, we report on the biochemical compositions of these plant-based influenza candidate vaccines, more particularly the characterization of the N-glycan profiles of the viral haemagglutinins H1 and H5 proteins as well as the tobacco-derived lipid content and residual impurities. 25523794 1 91 theme inactivated 283:293 arg1 virions 305:311 inactivated influenza virions 283:311 inactivated influenza virions 283:311 Influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) are noninfectious particles resembling the influenza virus representing a promising vaccine alternative to inactivated influenza virions as antigens. 25523794 7 92 contain contain 1428:1434 arg2 glucosylceramides 1463:1479 glucosylceramides 1463:1479 glucosylceramides 1463:1479 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 7 92 contain contain 1428:1434 arg2 proteins 1450:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 few host cell proteins 1436:1457 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 7 92 contain contain 1428:1434 arg1 VLPs 1423:1426 VLPs 1423:1426 VLPs 1423:1426 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 7 92 contain contain 1428:1434 arg2 VLPs 1423:1426 VLPs 1423:1426 VLPs 1423:1426 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 25523794 7 92 contain contain 1428:1434 arg1 contrast 1413:1420 contrast 1413:1420 contrast 1413:1420 In contrast, VLPs contain few host cell proteins and glucosylceramides associated with plant lipid rafts. 28218815 5 0 theme mRNA 746:749 arg1 Measurement 731:741 Measurement 731:741 Measurement of mRNA and protein 731:761 Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. 28218815 1 1 theme intracellular 156:168 arg1 activity 179:186 intracellular esterase activity 156:186 intracellular esterase activity 156:186 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 0 2 theme Acid 88:91 arg1 Modulation 67:76 Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation 46:76 Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid 46:91 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 28218815 6 3 dep proteins 1016:1023 arg1 such 1026:1029 such 1026:1029 such 1026:1029 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 1 4 theme esterase 170:177 arg1 activity 179:186 intracellular esterase activity 156:186 intracellular esterase activity 156:186 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 2 5 mod modified 345:352 arg3 N-glycans 370:378 sialylated N-glycans 359:378 sialylated N-glycans 359:378 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 2 5 mod modified 345:352 arg1 enzymes 333:339 these enzymes 327:339 these enzymes 327:339 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 1 6 theme CHO 246:248 arg1 cells 251:255 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 cells 251:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 7 7 theme current 1361:1367 arg1 status 1369:1374 its current status 1357:1374 its current status 1357:1374 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 7 8 theme biological 1429:1438 arg1 events 1440:1445 cell surface biological events 1416:1445 cell surface biological events 1416:1445 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 4 9 theme sialic 648:653 arg1 biosynthesis 660:671 sialic acid biosynthesis 648:671 sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) 648:709 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 6 10 theme targeted 991:998 arg1 proteins 1016:1023 targeted glycoengineered proteins 991:1023 targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2) 991:1038 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 7 11 theme events 1440:1445 arg1 modulator 1403:1411 modulator 1403:1411 modulator 1403:1411 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 7 11 theme events 1440:1445 arg1 labeling 1381:1388 a labeling strategy and modulator 1379:1411 labeling 1381:1388 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 4 12 theme butanoylated 680:691 arg1 GlcNAc 693:698 butanoylated GlcNAc 680:698 butanoylated GlcNAc 680:698 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 2 13 dep carboxylesterases 280:296 arg1 carboxylesterases 280:296 carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 280:310 carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 280:310 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 2 13 dep carboxylesterases 280:296 arg1 CES2 307:310 CES2 307:310 CES2 307:310 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 2 13 dep carboxylesterases 280:296 arg1 CES1 298:301 CES1 298:301 CES1 298:301 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 2 14 theme In 258:259 arg1 analysis 268:275 In silico analysis 258:275 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 258:310 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 1 15 theme activity 179:186 arg1 MGE 148:150 MGE 148:150 MGE 148:150 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 1 15 theme activity 179:186 arg1 glycoengineering 130:145 the metabolic glycoengineering 116:145 the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 116:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 5 16 theme esterase 778:785 arg1 activity 787:794 esterase activity 778:794 esterase activity 778:794 Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. 28218815 6 17 theme ManNAc 894:899 arg1 analogues 901:909 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues 879:909 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE 879:928 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 5 18 theme protein 755:761 arg1 Measurement 731:741 Measurement 731:741 Measurement of mRNA and protein 731:761 Measurement of mRNA and protein confirmed that esterase activity was controlled through glycosylation and not through transcription or translation. 28218815 6 19 theme esterases 1172:1180 arg1 structures 1158:1167 the glycan structures 1147:1167 the glycan structures of esterases as intended 1147:1192 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 6 20 theme Azide-modified 879:892 arg1 analogues 901:909 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues 879:909 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE 879:928 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 2 21 gly sialylated 359:368 arg1 N-glycans 370:378 sialylated N-glycans 359:378 sialylated N-glycans 359:378 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 7 22 theme pioneering 1226:1235 arg1 example 1237:1243 a pioneering example 1224:1243 a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity 1224:1294 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 4 23 theme minimal 715:721 arg1 impact 723:728 minimal impact 715:728 minimal impact 715:728 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 1 24 theme human 191:195 arg1 LS174T 211:216 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 LS174T 211:216 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 2 25 theme multimeric 424:433 arg1 forms 435:439 the active multimeric forms 413:439 the active multimeric forms of these enzymes 413:456 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 7 26 from status 1369:1374 arg1 expands 1315:1321 expands 1315:1321 expands 1315:1321 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 1 27 theme colon 197:201 arg1 LS174T 211:216 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 LS174T 211:216 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 0 28 theme Activity 29:36 arg1 Glycoengineering 0:15 Glycoengineering 0:15 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 0:92 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 28218815 7 29 dep labeling 1381:1388 arg1 strategy 1390:1397 strategy 1390:1397 strategy 1390:1397 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 1 30 from glycoengineering 130:145 arg1 LS174T 211:216 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 LS174T 211:216 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 1 30 from glycoengineering 130:145 arg1 cells 251:255 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 cells 251:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 2 31 theme carboxylesterases 280:296 arg1 analysis 268:275 In silico analysis 258:275 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 258:310 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 1 32 theme cancer 203:208 arg1 LS174T 211:216 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 LS174T 211:216 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 0 33 theme Esterase 20:27 arg1 Activity 29:36 Esterase Activity 20:36 Esterase Activity 20:36 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 28218815 4 34 contain had 711:713 arg1 analogues 622:630 hexosamine analogues 611:630 hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) 611:709 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 4 34 contain had 711:713 arg2 impact 723:728 minimal impact 715:728 minimal impact 715:728 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 3 35 theme butanolylated 509:521 arg1 ManNAc 523:528 butanolylated ManNAc 509:528 butanolylated ManNAc 509:528 This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. 28218815 4 36 dep GlcNAc 693:698 arg1 e.g. 674:677 e.g. 674:677 e.g. 674:677 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 4 37 theme hexosamine 611:620 arg1 analogues 622:630 hexosamine analogues 611:630 hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) 611:709 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 0 38 theme Metabolic 46:54 arg1 Modulation 67:76 Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation 46:76 Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid 46:91 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 28218815 7 39 theme modulation 1252:1261 arg1 example 1237:1243 a pioneering example 1224:1243 a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity 1224:1294 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 3 40 theme esterase 579:586 arg1 activity 588:595 esterase activity 579:595 esterase activity 579:595 This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. 28218815 2 41 theme sialylated 359:368 arg1 N-glycans 370:378 sialylated N-glycans 359:378 sialylated N-glycans 359:378 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 2 42 theme enzymes 450:456 arg1 forms 435:439 the active multimeric forms 413:439 the active multimeric forms of these enzymes 413:456 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 6 43 theme glycoengineered 1000:1014 arg1 proteins 1016:1023 targeted glycoengineered proteins 991:1023 targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2) 991:1038 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 2 44 theme active 417:422 arg1 forms 435:439 the active multimeric forms 413:439 the active multimeric forms of these enzymes 413:456 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 1 45 theme metabolic 120:128 arg1 MGE 148:150 MGE 148:150 MGE 148:150 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 1 45 theme metabolic 120:128 arg1 glycoengineering 130:145 the metabolic glycoengineering 116:145 the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 116:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 0 46 theme Flux-Based 56:65 arg1 Modulation 67:76 Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation 46:76 Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid 46:91 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 28218815 6 47 theme esterase 944:951 arg1 activity 953:960 esterase activity 944:960 esterase activity 944:960 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 7 48 theme activity 1287:1294 arg1 modulation 1252:1261 the modulation 1248:1261 the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity 1248:1294 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 3 49 dep ManNAc 523:528 arg1 increase 533:540 increase 533:540 to increase sialylation 530:552 This premise was supported by treating cells with butanolylated ManNAc to increase sialylation, which in turn increased esterase activity. 28218815 4 50 theme acid 655:658 arg1 biosynthesis 660:671 sialic acid biosynthesis 648:671 sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) 648:709 By contrast, hexosamine analogues not targeted to sialic acid biosynthesis (e.g., butanoylated GlcNAc or GalNAc) had minimal impact. 28218815 7 51 theme cell 1416:1419 arg1 events 1440:1445 cell surface biological events 1416:1445 cell surface biological events 1416:1445 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 7 52 theme intracellular 1266:1278 arg1 activity 1287:1294 intracellular enzyme activity 1266:1294 intracellular enzyme activity 1266:1294 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 6 53 theme glycan 1151:1156 arg1 structures 1158:1167 the glycan structures 1147:1167 the glycan structures of esterases as intended 1147:1192 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 7 54 theme surface 1421:1427 arg1 events 1440:1445 cell surface biological events 1416:1445 cell surface biological events 1416:1445 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 6 55 theme unambiguous 1059:1069 arg1 evidence 1071:1078 unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended 1059:1192 unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended 1059:1192 Azide-modified ManNAc analogues widely used in MGE also enhanced esterase activity and provided a way to enrich targeted glycoengineered proteins (such as CES2), thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the compounds were converted to sialosides and installed into the glycan structures of esterases as intended. 28218815 7 56 theme enzyme 1280:1285 arg1 activity 1287:1294 intracellular enzyme activity 1266:1294 intracellular enzyme activity 1266:1294 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 1 57 theme Chinese 223:229 arg1 cells 251:255 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 cells 251:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 0 58 theme Sialic 81:86 arg1 Acid 88:91 Sialic Acid 81:91 Sialic Acid 81:91 Glycoengineering of Esterase Activity through Metabolic Flux-Based Modulation of Sialic Acid. 28218815 7 59 theme technology 1341:1350 arg1 value 1327:1331 the value 1323:1331 the value of this technology 1323:1350 Overall, this study provides a pioneering example of the modulation of intracellular enzyme activity through MGE, which expands the value of this technology from its current status as a labeling strategy and modulator of cell surface biological events. 28218815 2 60 dep In 258:259 arg1 silico 261:266 silico 261:266 silico 261:266 In silico analysis of carboxylesterases CES1 and CES2 suggested that these enzymes are modified with sialylated N-glycans, which are proposed to stabilize the active multimeric forms of these enzymes. 28218815 1 61 theme hamster 231:237 arg1 cells 251:255 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 cells 251:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28218815 1 62 theme ovary 239:243 arg1 cells 251:255 human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 191:255 cells 251:255 This report describes the metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) of intracellular esterase activity in human colon cancer (LS174T) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. 28473830 8 0 theme similar 1031:1037 arg1 oligomers 1021:1029 high molecular weight oligomers 999:1029 high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles 999:1056 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 7 1 with variants 751:758 arg1 H5Man5 853:858 H5Man5 853:858 H5Man5 853:858 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 1 with variants 751:758 arg1 glycosylation 838:850 low-mannose glycosylation 826:850 low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) 826:859 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 1 with variants 751:758 arg1 H5hm 811:814 H5hm 811:814 H5hm 811:814 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 1 with variants 751:758 arg1 glycosylation 796:808 high mannose glycosylation 783:808 high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) 783:815 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 10 2 theme antigen 1200:1206 arg1 glycosylation 1175:1187 high mannose glycosylation 1162:1187 high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen 1162:1206 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 11 3 theme strong 1272:1277 arg1 implications 1279:1290 strong implications 1272:1290 strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1272:1344 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 8 4 theme glycosylated 968:979 arg1 antigen 984:990 only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen 952:990 only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen 952:990 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 10 5 theme glycosylation 1231:1243 arg1 pattern 1245:1251 the low glycosylation pattern 1223:1251 the low glycosylation pattern 1223:1251 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 10 6 theme vaccine 1192:1198 arg1 antigen 1200:1206 vaccine antigen 1192:1206 vaccine antigen 1192:1206 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 3 7 theme vaccine 384:390 arg1 design 392:397 the vaccine design 380:397 the vaccine design 380:397 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 8 8 theme viral 1042:1046 arg1 particles 1048:1056 viral particles 1042:1056 viral particles 1042:1056 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 5 9 theme immunological 603:615 arg1 response 617:624 immunological response 603:624 immunological response 603:624 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 28473830 10 10 theme low 1227:1229 arg1 pattern 1245:1251 the low glycosylation pattern 1223:1251 the low glycosylation pattern 1223:1251 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 7 11 gly glycosylation 796:808 arg1 variants 751:758 Two variants 747:758 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) 747:859 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 4 12 theme moieties 434:441 arg1 number 404:409 number 404:409 number 404:409 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 4 12 theme moieties 434:441 arg1 location 415:422 location 415:422 location 415:422 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 6 13 theme sites 713:717 arg1 position 680:687 the position 676:687 the position of the HA glycosylation sites 676:717 We also decided to change neither the number nor the position of the HA glycosylation sites but only the glycan length. 28473830 0 14 theme Antigen 119:125 arg1 Oligomerization 73:87 Oligomerization 73:87 Oligomerization 73:87 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 0 14 theme Antigen 119:125 arg1 Immunogenicity 93:106 Immunogenicity 93:106 Immunogenicity 93:106 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 7 15 gly glycosylation 838:850 arg1 variants 751:758 Two variants 747:758 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) 747:859 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 4 16 theme glycan 427:432 arg1 moieties 434:441 glycan moieties 427:441 glycan moieties 427:441 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 6 17 theme glycosylation 699:711 arg1 sites 713:717 the HA glycosylation sites 692:717 the HA glycosylation sites 692:717 We also decided to change neither the number nor the position of the HA glycosylation sites but only the glycan length. 28473830 1 18 theme principle 165:173 arg1 glycoprotein 142:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein 128:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) 128:158 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 18 theme principle 165:173 arg1 antigen 193:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 0 19 theme Vaccine 111:117 arg1 Antigen 119:125 Vaccine Antigen 111:125 Vaccine Antigen 111:125 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 11 20 theme recombinant 1300:1310 arg1 design 1339:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 8 21 theme high 999:1002 arg1 oligomers 1021:1029 high molecular weight oligomers 999:1029 high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles 999:1056 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 4 22 from location 415:422 arg1 molecule 453:460 the HA molecule 446:460 the HA molecule 446:460 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 6 23 theme HA 696:697 arg1 sites 713:717 the HA glycosylation sites 692:717 the HA glycosylation sites 692:717 We also decided to change neither the number nor the position of the HA glycosylation sites but only the glycan length. 28473830 1 24 theme influenza 175:183 arg1 glycoprotein 142:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein 128:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) 128:158 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 24 theme influenza 175:183 arg1 antigen 193:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 11 25 theme vaccine 1331:1337 arg1 design 1339:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 7 26 theme low-mannose 826:836 arg1 H5Man5 853:858 H5Man5 853:858 H5Man5 853:858 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 26 theme low-mannose 826:836 arg1 glycosylation 838:850 low-mannose glycosylation 826:850 low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) 826:859 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 1 27 theme vaccine 185:191 arg1 glycoprotein 142:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein 128:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) 128:158 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 27 theme vaccine 185:191 arg1 antigen 193:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 8 28 gly glycosylated 968:979 arg1 antigen 984:990 only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen 952:990 only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen 952:990 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 7 29 theme mannose 788:794 arg1 H5hm 811:814 H5hm 811:814 H5hm 811:814 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 29 theme mannose 788:794 arg1 glycosylation 796:808 high mannose glycosylation 783:808 high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) 783:815 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 8 30 theme weight 1014:1019 arg1 oligomers 1021:1029 high molecular weight oligomers 999:1029 high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles 999:1056 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 0 31 dep Oligomerization 73:87 arg1 the 69:71 the 69:71 the 69:71 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 0 32 theme N-Glycans 14:22 arg1 Length 4:9 The Length 0:9 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin 0:56 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 8 33 theme H5 981:982 arg1 antigen 984:990 only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen 952:990 only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen 952:990 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 4 34 from number 404:409 arg1 molecule 453:460 the HA molecule 446:460 the HA molecule 446:460 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 11 35 theme HA-based 1312:1319 arg1 design 1339:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 0 36 theme Recombinant 27:37 arg1 Hemagglutinin 44:56 Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin 27:56 Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin 27:56 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 7 37 theme high 783:786 arg1 H5hm 811:814 H5hm 811:814 H5hm 811:814 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 37 theme high 783:786 arg1 glycosylation 796:808 high mannose glycosylation 783:808 high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) 783:815 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 7 38 theme H5 767:768 arg1 antigen 770:776 the H5 antigen 763:776 the H5 antigen 763:776 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 1 39 gly glycoprotein 142:153 arg1 glycoprotein 142:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein 128:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) 128:158 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 39 gly glycoprotein 142:153 arg1 antigen 193:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 39 gly glycoprotein 142:153 arg1 HA 156:157 HA 156:157 HA 156:157 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 2 40 theme potential 241:249 arg1 alternative 251:261 a potential alternative 239:261 a potential alternative for traditional approach 239:286 Recombinant HA-based vaccines become a potential alternative for traditional approach. 28473830 11 41 contain have 1267:1270 arg1 findings 1258:1265 Our findings 1254:1265 Our findings 1254:1265 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 11 41 contain have 1267:1270 arg2 implications 1279:1290 strong implications 1272:1290 strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1272:1344 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 0 42 theme Hemagglutinin 44:56 arg1 N-Glycans 14:22 N-Glycans 14:22 N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin 14:56 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 7 43 theme antigen 770:776 arg1 variants 751:758 Two variants 747:758 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) 747:859 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 10 44 gly glycosylation 1175:1187 arg1 antigen 1200:1206 vaccine antigen 1192:1206 vaccine antigen 1192:1206 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 5 45 theme H5 556:557 arg1 structure 567:575 the H5 antigen structure 552:575 the H5 antigen structure 552:575 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 28473830 0 46 theme H5N1 39:42 arg1 Hemagglutinin 44:56 Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin 27:56 Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin 27:56 The Length of N-Glycans of Recombinant H5N1 Hemagglutinin Influences the Oligomerization and Immunogenicity of Vaccine Antigen. 28473830 6 47 gly glycosylation 699:711 arg2 sites 713:717 the HA glycosylation sites 692:717 the HA glycosylation sites 692:717 We also decided to change neither the number nor the position of the HA glycosylation sites but only the glycan length. 28473830 5 48 theme antigen 559:565 arg1 structure 567:575 the H5 antigen structure 552:575 the H5 antigen structure 552:575 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 28473830 1 49 theme Hemagglutinin 128:140 arg1 glycoprotein 142:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein 128:153 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) 128:158 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 49 theme Hemagglutinin 128:140 arg1 antigen 193:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 a principle influenza vaccine antigen 163:199 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 1 49 theme Hemagglutinin 128:140 arg1 HA 156:157 HA 156:157 HA 156:157 Hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) is a principle influenza vaccine antigen. 28473830 7 50 theme Pichia 895:900 arg1 strains 902:908 different Pichia strains 885:908 different Pichia strains 885:908 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 8 51 theme molecular 1004:1012 arg1 oligomers 1021:1029 high molecular weight oligomers 999:1029 high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles 999:1056 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 3 52 theme HA 317:318 arg1 N-glycosylation 320:334 HA N-glycosylation 317:334 HA N-glycosylation 317:334 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 2 53 theme HA-based 214:221 arg1 vaccines 223:230 Recombinant HA-based vaccines 202:230 Recombinant HA-based vaccines 202:230 Recombinant HA-based vaccines become a potential alternative for traditional approach. 28473830 8 54 theme structural 915:924 arg1 studies 926:932 Our structural studies 911:932 Our structural studies 911:932 Our structural studies demonstrated that only the highly glycosylated H5 antigen formed high molecular weight oligomers similar to viral particles. 28473830 4 55 dep number 404:409 arg1 The 400:402 The 400:402 The 400:402 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 10 56 theme mannose 1167:1173 arg1 glycosylation 1175:1187 high mannose glycosylation 1162:1187 high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen 1162:1206 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 3 57 theme N-glycosylation 320:334 arg1 variation 304:312 variation 304:312 variation 304:312 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 3 57 theme N-glycosylation 320:334 arg1 Complexity 289:298 Complexity 289:298 Complexity 289:298 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 3 57 theme N-glycosylation 320:334 arg1 factors 368:374 the important factors 354:374 the important factors for the vaccine design 354:397 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 2 58 theme Recombinant 202:212 arg1 vaccines 223:230 Recombinant HA-based vaccines 202:230 Recombinant HA-based vaccines 202:230 Recombinant HA-based vaccines become a potential alternative for traditional approach. 28473830 5 59 from effect 515:520 arg1 ability 585:591 its ability to induce immunological response 581:624 its ability to induce immunological response 581:624 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 28473830 5 59 from effect 515:520 arg1 structure 567:575 the H5 antigen structure 552:575 the H5 antigen structure 552:575 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 28473830 6 60 theme glycan 732:737 arg1 length 739:744 the glycan length 728:744 the glycan length 728:744 We also decided to change neither the number nor the position of the HA glycosylation sites but only the glycan length. 28473830 10 61 theme high 1162:1165 arg1 glycosylation 1175:1187 high mannose glycosylation 1162:1187 high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen 1162:1206 In summary, our results suggest that high mannose glycosylation of vaccine antigen is superior to the low glycosylation pattern. 28473830 3 62 theme important 358:366 arg1 variation 304:312 variation 304:312 variation 304:312 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 3 62 theme important 358:366 arg1 Complexity 289:298 Complexity 289:298 Complexity 289:298 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 3 62 theme important 358:366 arg1 factors 368:374 the important factors 354:374 the important factors for the vaccine design 354:397 Complexity and variation of HA N-glycosylation are considered as the important factors for the vaccine design. 28473830 4 63 theme HA 450:451 arg1 molecule 453:460 the HA molecule 446:460 the HA molecule 446:460 The number and location of glycan moieties in the HA molecule are also crucial. 28473830 2 64 theme traditional 267:277 arg1 approach 279:286 traditional approach 267:286 traditional approach 267:286 Recombinant HA-based vaccines become a potential alternative for traditional approach. 28473830 5 65 theme N-glycosylation 525:539 arg1 pattern 541:547 N-glycosylation pattern 525:547 N-glycosylation pattern 525:547 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 28473830 7 66 theme different 885:893 arg1 strains 902:908 different Pichia strains 885:908 different Pichia strains 885:908 Two variants of the H5 antigen with high mannose glycosylation (H5hm) and with low-mannose glycosylation (H5Man5) were prepared utilizing different Pichia strains. 28473830 11 67 theme influenza 1321:1329 arg1 design 1339:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design 1296:1344 Our findings have strong implications for the recombinant HA-based influenza vaccine design. 28473830 5 68 theme pattern 541:547 arg1 effect 515:520 the effect 511:520 the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response 511:624 Therefore, we decided to study the effect of N-glycosylation pattern on the H5 antigen structure and its ability to induce immunological response. 26618514 3 0 theme Anti-histone 312:323 arg1 IgG 325:327 Anti-histone IgG 312:327 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus 312:373 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 9 1 theme autoantibodies 1340:1353 arg1 statuses 1324:1331 different sialylation statuses 1302:1331 different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies 1302:1353 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 9 2 theme sialylation 1312:1322 arg1 statuses 1324:1331 different sialylation statuses 1302:1331 different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies 1302:1353 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 4 3 theme blood-borne 602:612 arg1 phagocytes 614:623 blood-borne phagocytes 602:623 blood-borne phagocytes 602:623 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 8 4 theme interleukin 1216:1226 arg1 -6/IL-8 1232:1238 interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 1216:1238 interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β 1216:1278 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 6 5 theme cytokine 989:996 arg1 profiles 1008:1015 their cytokine secretion profiles 983:1015 their cytokine secretion profiles 983:1015 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 5 6 theme anti-histone 680:691 arg1 IgG 693:695 affinity-purified anti-histone IgG 662:695 affinity-purified anti-histone IgG 662:695 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 6 7 theme phagocytosis 875:886 arg1 studies 888:894 functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies 856:894 functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies 856:894 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 1 8 theme immunoglobulin 165:178 arg1 G 184:184 immunoglobulin (Ig)G 165:184 immunoglobulin (Ig)G 165:184 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. 26618514 7 9 gly sialylated 1031:1040 arg1 IgG 1042:1044 sialylated IgG 1031:1044 sialylated IgG 1031:1044 In contrast, sialylated IgG reduced the phagocytosis by monocytes of SNEC. 26618514 3 10 theme lupus 355:359 arg1 erythematosus 361:373 systemic lupus erythematosus 346:373 systemic lupus erythematosus 346:373 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 4 11 theme necrotic 527:534 arg1 SNEC 543:546 SNEC 543:546 SNEC 543:546 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 4 11 theme necrotic 527:534 arg1 cells 536:540 secondary necrotic cells 517:540 secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) 517:547 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 8 12 theme sialylated 1107:1116 arg1 IgG 1128:1130 the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 1103:1130 the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 1103:1130 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 8 12 theme sialylated 1107:1116 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 6 13 theme functional 856:865 arg1 studies 888:894 functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies 856:894 functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies 856:894 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 2 14 theme effector 285:292 arg1 functions 294:302 certain effector functions 277:302 certain effector functions of IgG 277:309 Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. 26618514 5 15 theme systemic 714:721 arg1 SLE 744:746 SLE 744:746 SLE 744:746 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 5 15 theme systemic 714:721 arg1 erythematosus 729:741 systemic lupus erythematosus 714:741 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 714:747 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 5 16 theme sialylation 640:650 arg1 status 652:657 the sialylation status 636:657 the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 636:747 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 2 17 theme certain 277:283 arg1 functions 294:302 certain effector functions 277:302 certain effector functions of IgG 277:309 Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. 26618514 6 18 gly non-sialylated 897:910 arg1 IgG 922:924 non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 897:924 non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 897:924 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 4 19 theme phagocytes 614:623 arg1 activation 588:597 activation 588:597 activation of blood-borne phagocytes 588:623 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 0 20 theme late 125:128 arg1 cells 140:144 late apoptotic cells 125:144 late apoptotic cells 125:144 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 9 21 theme complex 1373:1379 arg1 network 1394:1400 the complex inflammatory network 1369:1400 the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation 1369:1436 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 8 22 theme factor 1259:1264 arg1 -α/IL-1β 1271:1278 tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β 1243:1278 tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β 1243:1278 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 5 23 theme non-sialylated 828:841 arg1 fraction 843:850 the non-sialylated fraction 824:850 the non-sialylated fraction 824:850 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 3 24 theme systemic 346:353 arg1 erythematosus 361:373 systemic lupus erythematosus 346:373 systemic lupus erythematosus 346:373 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 9 25 theme inflammatory 1381:1392 arg1 network 1394:1400 the complex inflammatory network 1369:1400 the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation 1369:1436 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 5 26 theme affinity-purified 662:678 arg1 IgG 693:695 affinity-purified anti-histone IgG 662:695 affinity-purified anti-histone IgG 662:695 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 5 27 theme anti-histone 775:786 arg1 IgG 788:790 the anti-histone IgG 771:790 the anti-histone IgG 771:790 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 8 28 theme necrosis 1250:1257 arg1 factor 1259:1264 tumour necrosis factor 1243:1264 tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β 1243:1278 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 8 28 theme necrosis 1250:1257 arg1 TNF 1267:1269 TNF 1267:1269 TNF 1267:1269 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 1 29 gly glycosylation 204:216 arg2 site 218:221 a single glycosylation site 195:221 a single glycosylation site 195:221 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. 26618514 3 30 theme cells 442:446 arg1 recruitment 409:419 the recruitment 405:419 the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells 405:488 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 8 31 theme tumour 1243:1248 arg1 factor 1259:1264 tumour necrosis factor 1243:1264 tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β 1243:1278 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 8 31 theme tumour 1243:1248 arg1 TNF 1267:1269 TNF 1267:1269 TNF 1267:1269 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 5 32 theme IgG 693:695 arg1 status 652:657 the sialylation status 636:657 the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 636:747 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 2 33 theme IgG 307:309 arg1 functions 294:302 certain effector functions 277:302 certain effector functions of IgG 277:309 Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. 26618514 1 34 theme G 184:184 arg1 portion 154:160 The Fc portion 147:160 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G 147:184 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. 26618514 0 35 theme immunoglobulin 28:41 arg1 autoantibodies 45:58 anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 15:58 anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 15:58 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 4 36 theme proinflammatory 556:570 arg1 responses 572:580 proinflammatory responses 556:580 proinflammatory responses 556:580 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 0 37 theme cells 140:144 arg1 clearance 112:120 the clearance 108:120 the clearance of late apoptotic cells 108:144 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 7 38 theme sialylated 1031:1040 arg1 IgG 1042:1044 sialylated IgG 1031:1044 sialylated IgG 1031:1044 In contrast, sialylated IgG reduced the phagocytosis by monocytes of SNEC. 26618514 9 39 gly sialylation 1312:1322 arg1 autoantibodies 1340:1353 IgG autoantibodies 1336:1353 IgG autoantibodies 1336:1353 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 0 40 theme anti-histone 15:26 arg1 autoantibodies 45:58 anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 15:58 anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 15:58 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 9 41 theme chronic 1417:1423 arg1 inflammation 1425:1436 chronic inflammation 1417:1436 chronic inflammation 1417:1436 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 0 42 theme apoptotic 130:138 arg1 cells 140:144 late apoptotic cells 125:144 late apoptotic cells 125:144 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 5 43 with patients 700:707 arg1 SLE 744:746 SLE 744:746 SLE 744:746 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 5 43 with patients 700:707 arg1 erythematosus 729:741 systemic lupus erythematosus 714:741 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 714:747 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 9 44 theme IgG 1336:1338 arg1 autoantibodies 1340:1353 IgG autoantibodies 1336:1353 IgG autoantibodies 1336:1353 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 0 45 theme autoantibodies 45:58 arg1 Sialylation 0:10 Sialylation 0:10 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 0:58 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 1 46 theme single 197:202 arg1 site 218:221 a single glycosylation site 195:221 a single glycosylation site 195:221 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. 26618514 0 47 theme G 43:43 arg1 autoantibodies 45:58 anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 15:58 anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies 15:58 Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells. 26618514 2 48 gly sialylation 231:241 arg1 effector 285:292 certain effector functions 277:302 certain effector functions of IgG 277:309 Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. 26618514 2 48 gly sialylation 231:241 arg1 IgG 307:309 IgG 307:309 IgG 307:309 Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. 26618514 2 49 theme Glycan 224:229 arg1 sialylation 231:241 Glycan sialylation 224:241 Glycan sialylation 224:241 Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. 26618514 7 50 theme SNEC 1087:1090 arg1 monocytes 1074:1082 monocytes 1074:1082 monocytes of SNEC 1074:1090 In contrast, sialylated IgG reduced the phagocytosis by monocytes of SNEC. 26618514 1 51 theme glycosylation 204:216 arg1 site 218:221 a single glycosylation site 195:221 a single glycosylation site 195:221 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. 26618514 5 52 theme lupus 723:727 arg1 SLE 744:746 SLE 744:746 SLE 744:746 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 5 52 theme lupus 723:727 arg1 erythematosus 729:741 systemic lupus erythematosus 714:741 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 714:747 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 9 53 theme different 1302:1310 arg1 statuses 1324:1331 different sialylation statuses 1302:1331 different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies 1302:1353 Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation. 26618514 4 54 theme secondary 517:525 arg1 SNEC 543:546 SNEC 543:546 SNEC 543:546 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 4 54 theme secondary 517:525 arg1 cells 536:540 secondary necrotic cells 517:540 secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) 517:547 Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. 26618514 6 55 theme anti-SNEC 912:920 arg1 IgG 922:924 non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 897:924 non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 897:924 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 8 56 theme anti-SNEC 1118:1126 arg1 IgG 1128:1130 the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 1103:1130 the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 1103:1130 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 8 56 theme anti-SNEC 1118:1126 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 6 57 theme secretion 998:1006 arg1 profiles 1008:1015 their cytokine secretion profiles 983:1015 their cytokine secretion profiles 983:1015 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 8 58 theme secretion 1192:1200 arg1 profiles 1202:1209 the cytokine secretion profiles 1179:1209 the cytokine secretion profiles 1179:1209 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 6 59 theme non-sialylated 897:910 arg1 IgG 922:924 non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 897:924 non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 897:924 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 5 60 gly non-sialylated 828:841 arg1 fraction 843:850 the non-sialylated fraction 824:850 the non-sialylated fraction 824:850 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 6 61 theme ex-vivo 867:873 arg1 studies 888:894 functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies 856:894 functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies 856:894 In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. 26618514 3 62 theme apoptotic 474:482 arg1 cells 484:488 apoptotic cells 474:488 apoptotic cells 474:488 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 8 63 theme cytokine 1183:1190 arg1 profiles 1202:1209 the cytokine secretion profiles 1179:1209 the cytokine secretion profiles 1179:1209 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 3 64 theme cells 484:488 arg1 clearance 461:469 the clearance 457:469 the clearance of apoptotic cells 457:488 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 1 65 theme Fc 151:152 arg1 portion 154:160 The Fc portion 147:160 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G 147:184 The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. 26618514 8 66 gly sialylated 1107:1116 arg1 IgG 1128:1130 the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 1103:1130 the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG 1103:1130 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 8 66 gly sialylated 1107:1116 arg1 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 anti-inflammatory 1147:1163 Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. 26618514 3 67 theme patients 332:339 arg1 IgG 325:327 Anti-histone IgG 312:327 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus 312:373 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 3 68 theme polymorphonuclear 424:440 arg1 PMN 449:451 PMN 449:451 PMN 449:451 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 3 68 theme polymorphonuclear 424:440 arg1 cells 442:446 polymorphonuclear cells 424:446 polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) 424:452 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 3 69 with patients 332:339 arg1 erythematosus 361:373 systemic lupus erythematosus 346:373 systemic lupus erythematosus 346:373 Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. 26618514 5 70 from status 652:657 arg1 patients 700:707 patients 700:707 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 700:747 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26618514 5 71 gly sialylation 640:650 arg1 IgG 693:695 affinity-purified anti-histone IgG 662:695 affinity-purified anti-histone IgG 662:695 Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. 26342810 8 0 theme multiple 1100:1107 arg1 assays 1116:1121 multiple lectin assays 1100:1121 multiple lectin assays 1100:1121 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 5 1 theme ELISA 612:616 arg1 assay 618:622 AAL ELISA assay 608:622 AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index 608:640 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 1 2 theme membrane 137:144 arg1 GP73 93:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 2 theme membrane 137:144 arg1 protein 146:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein 101:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites 101:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 6 3 theme % 884:884 arg1 sensitivity 838:848 a sensitivity 836:848 a sensitivity of 85.2% 836:857 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 6 3 theme % 884:884 arg1 specificity 865:875 a specificity 863:875 a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182) 863:902 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 0 4 theme liver 71:75 arg1 diseases 77:84 liver diseases 71:84 liver diseases 71:84 Multiple lectin assays for detecting glyco-alteration of serum GP73 in liver diseases. 26342810 1 5 with protein 146:152 arg1 sites 191:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 8 6 theme potential 1219:1227 arg1 Fuc-GP73 1195:1202 Fuc-GP73 1195:1202 Fuc-GP73 1195:1202 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 8 6 theme potential 1219:1227 arg1 glycobiomarker 1229:1242 a potential glycobiomarker 1217:1242 a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients 1217:1309 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 5 7 theme GP73 688:691 arg1 level 679:683 fucosylation level 666:683 fucosylation level of GP73 666:691 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 1 8 gly N-glycosylation 175:189 arg2 sites 191:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 8 gly N-glycosylation 175:189 arg2 three 159:163 three 159:163 three 159:163 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 7 9 theme % 1059:1059 arg1 specificity 1061:1071 88.9% specificity 1055:1071 88.9% specificity 1055:1071 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 8 10 gly glycoprotein 1178:1189 arg1 glycoprotein 1178:1189 focused glycoprotein 1170:1189 focused glycoprotein 1170:1189 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 5 11 theme ELISA 630:634 arg1 Index 636:640 ELISA Index 630:640 ELISA Index 630:640 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 6 12 theme LC 746:747 arg1 Indices 732:738 ELISA Indices 726:738 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients 726:767 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 2 13 theme hepatocellular 339:352 arg1 HCC 365:367 HCC 365:367 HCC 365:367 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 2 13 theme hepatocellular 339:352 arg1 carcinoma 354:362 hepatocellular carcinoma 339:362 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 339:368 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 5 14 used utilized 646:653 arg2 assay 618:622 AAL ELISA assay 608:622 AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index 608:640 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 2 15 theme glycan 255:260 arg1 patterns 262:269 glycan patterns 255:269 glycan patterns of serum GP73 255:283 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 8 16 theme lectin 1109:1114 arg1 assays 1116:1121 multiple lectin assays 1100:1121 multiple lectin assays 1100:1121 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 2 17 theme liver 375:379 arg1 LC 392:393 LC 392:393 LC 392:393 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 2 17 theme liver 375:379 arg1 cirrhosis 381:389 liver cirrhosis 375:389 liver cirrhosis (LC) 375:394 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 5 18 theme protein 700:706 arg1 Fuc-GP73 715:722 Fuc-GP73 715:722 Fuc-GP73 715:722 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 5 18 theme protein 700:706 arg1 level 708:712 its protein level 696:712 its protein level (Fuc-GP73) 696:723 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 6 19 theme ROC 805:807 arg1 curve 809:813 the ROC curve 801:813 the ROC curve (AUC) 801:819 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 6 19 theme ROC 805:807 arg1 AUC 816:818 AUC 816:818 AUC 816:818 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 3 20 theme GP73 502:505 arg1 glycans 491:497 altered glycans 483:497 altered glycans of GP73 483:505 Firstly, Antibody overlay lectin microarray and lectin blot were performed to observe altered glycans of GP73. 26342810 3 21 theme Antibody 406:413 arg1 microarray 430:439 Antibody overlay lectin microarray 406:439 Antibody overlay lectin microarray 406:439 Firstly, Antibody overlay lectin microarray and lectin blot were performed to observe altered glycans of GP73. 26342810 0 22 theme lectin 9:14 arg1 assays 16:21 Multiple lectin assays 0:21 Multiple lectin assays for detecting glyco-alteration of serum 0:61 Multiple lectin assays for detecting glyco-alteration of serum GP73 in liver diseases. 26342810 8 23 theme complementary 1244:1256 arg1 Fuc-GP73 1195:1202 Fuc-GP73 1195:1202 Fuc-GP73 1195:1202 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 8 23 theme complementary 1244:1256 arg1 glycobiomarker 1229:1242 a potential glycobiomarker 1217:1242 a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients 1217:1309 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 1 24 theme potential 165:173 arg1 sites 191:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 0 25 theme Multiple 0:7 arg1 assays 16:21 Multiple lectin assays 0:21 Multiple lectin assays for detecting glyco-alteration of serum 0:61 Multiple lectin assays for detecting glyco-alteration of serum GP73 in liver diseases. 26342810 5 26 theme AAL 608:610 arg1 assay 618:622 AAL ELISA assay 608:622 AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index 608:640 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 6 27 theme ELISA 726:730 arg1 Indices 732:738 ELISA Indices 726:738 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients 726:767 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 1 28 theme Serum 87:91 arg1 GP73 93:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 28 theme Serum 87:91 arg1 protein 146:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein 101:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites 101:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 29 theme N-glycosylation 175:189 arg1 sites 191:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 three potential N-glycosylation sites 159:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 8 30 theme focused 1170:1176 arg1 glycoprotein 1178:1189 focused glycoprotein 1170:1189 focused glycoprotein 1170:1189 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 2 31 theme GP73 280:283 arg1 patterns 262:269 glycan patterns 255:269 glycan patterns of serum GP73 255:283 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 8 32 from patients 1302:1309 arg1 discrimination 1272:1285 discrimination 1272:1285 discrimination of HCC from LC patients 1272:1309 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 6 33 theme % 857:857 arg1 sensitivity 838:848 a sensitivity 836:848 a sensitivity of 85.2% 836:857 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 6 33 theme % 857:857 arg1 specificity 865:875 a specificity 863:875 a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182) 863:902 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 5 34 theme fucosylation 666:677 arg1 level 679:683 fucosylation level 666:683 fucosylation level of GP73 666:691 Then, AAL ELISA assay using ELISA Index was utilized to measure fucosylation level of GP73 on its protein level (Fuc-GP73). 26342810 2 35 theme serum 274:278 arg1 GP73 280:283 serum GP73 274:283 serum GP73 274:283 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 3 36 theme altered 483:489 arg1 glycans 491:497 altered glycans 483:497 altered glycans of GP73 483:505 Firstly, Antibody overlay lectin microarray and lectin blot were performed to observe altered glycans of GP73. 26342810 8 37 theme pre-clinical 1143:1154 arg1 evaluation 1156:1165 pre-clinical evaluation 1143:1165 pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein 1143:1189 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 7 38 theme % 1038:1038 arg1 sensitivity 1040:1050 94.4% sensitivity 1034:1050 94.4% sensitivity 1034:1050 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 7 38 theme % 1038:1038 arg1 values 1022:1027 the diagnostic values 1007:1027 the diagnostic values 1007:1027 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 2 39 used used 216:219 arg2 we 213:214 we 213:214 we 213:214 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 3 40 theme overlay 415:421 arg1 microarray 430:439 Antibody overlay lectin microarray 406:439 Antibody overlay lectin microarray 406:439 Firstly, Antibody overlay lectin microarray and lectin blot were performed to observe altered glycans of GP73. 26342810 7 41 theme diagnostic 1011:1020 arg1 sensitivity 1040:1050 94.4% sensitivity 1034:1050 94.4% sensitivity 1034:1050 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 7 41 theme diagnostic 1011:1020 arg1 values 1022:1027 the diagnostic values 1007:1027 the diagnostic values 1007:1027 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 7 42 theme combining 918:926 arg1 Fuc-GP73 928:935 Fuc-GP73 928:935 Fuc-GP73 928:935 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 3 43 theme lectin 423:428 arg1 microarray 430:439 Antibody overlay lectin microarray 406:439 Antibody overlay lectin microarray 406:439 Firstly, Antibody overlay lectin microarray and lectin blot were performed to observe altered glycans of GP73. 26342810 0 44 theme serum 57:61 arg1 glyco-alteration 37:52 glyco-alteration 37:52 glyco-alteration of serum 37:61 Multiple lectin assays for detecting glyco-alteration of serum GP73 in liver diseases. 26342810 7 45 theme 88.9 1055:1058 arg1 % 1059:1059 % 1059:1059 % 1059:1059 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 8 46 theme HCC 1290:1292 arg1 discrimination 1272:1285 discrimination 1272:1285 discrimination of HCC from LC patients 1272:1309 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 8 47 theme glycoprotein 1178:1189 arg1 evaluation 1156:1165 pre-clinical evaluation 1143:1165 pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein 1143:1189 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 4 48 theme Fucosylated 508:518 arg1 structures 520:529 Fucosylated structures 508:529 Fucosylated structures 508:529 Fucosylated structures were found to increase significantly in LC compared with HCC patients. 26342810 3 49 theme lectin 445:450 arg1 blot 452:455 lectin blot 445:455 lectin blot 445:455 Firstly, Antibody overlay lectin microarray and lectin blot were performed to observe altered glycans of GP73. 26342810 7 50 from specificity 1061:1071 arg1 sensitivity 1040:1050 94.4% sensitivity 1034:1050 94.4% sensitivity 1034:1050 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 7 50 from specificity 1061:1071 arg1 values 1022:1027 the diagnostic values 1007:1027 the diagnostic values 1007:1027 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 1 51 theme functional 103:112 arg1 GP73 93:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 51 theme functional 103:112 arg1 protein 146:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein 101:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites 101:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 8 52 theme LC 1299:1300 arg1 patients 1302:1309 LC patients 1299:1309 LC patients 1299:1309 These data indicated that multiple lectin assays could contribute to pre-clinical evaluation of focused glycoprotein and Fuc-GP73 could act as a potential glycobiomarker complementary to AFP-L3 for discrimination of HCC from LC patients. 26342810 6 53 theme of 894:895 arg1 % 884:884 63.0% 880:884 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182) 880:902 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 6 53 theme of 894:895 arg1 3.182 897:901 cutoff of 3.182 887:901 cutoff of 3.182 887:901 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 1 54 theme resident 114:121 arg1 GP73 93:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 54 theme resident 114:121 arg1 protein 146:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein 101:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites 101:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 6 55 theme patients 760:767 arg1 Indices 732:738 ELISA Indices 726:738 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients 726:767 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 7 56 theme diagnostic 969:978 arg1 accuracy 980:987 the diagnostic accuracy 965:987 the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) 965:1001 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 7 56 theme diagnostic 969:978 arg1 AUC = 0.953 990:1000 AUC = 0.953 990:1000 AUC = 0.953 990:1000 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 1 57 theme Golgi 123:127 arg1 GP73 93:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 57 theme Golgi 123:127 arg1 protein 146:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein 101:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites 101:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 2 58 theme diagnostic 303:312 arg1 value 314:318 its diagnostic value 299:318 its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC) 299:394 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 6 59 theme HCC 756:758 arg1 patients 760:767 54 LC and 54 HCC patients 743:767 patients 760:767 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 2 60 theme lectin 230:235 arg1 assays 237:242 multiple lectin assays 221:242 multiple lectin assays 221:242 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 1 61 theme type 129:132 arg1 GP73 93:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 87:96 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 1 61 theme type 129:132 arg1 protein 146:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein 101:152 a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites 101:195 Serum GP73 is a functional resident Golgi type II membrane protein with three potential N-glycosylation sites. 26342810 6 62 theme cutoff 887:892 arg1 % 884:884 63.0% 880:884 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182) 880:902 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 6 62 theme cutoff 887:892 arg1 3.182 897:901 cutoff of 3.182 887:901 cutoff of 3.182 887:901 ELISA Indices of 54 LC and 54 HCC patients was obtained and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.807 with a sensitivity of 85.2% and a specificity of 63.0% (cutoff of 3.182). 26342810 2 63 theme multiple 221:228 arg1 assays 237:242 multiple lectin assays 221:242 multiple lectin assays 221:242 In this study, we used multiple lectin assays to analyze glycan patterns of serum GP73 and evaluated its diagnostic value for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from liver cirrhosis (LC). 26342810 7 64 theme 94.4 1034:1037 arg1 % 1038:1038 % 1038:1038 % 1038:1038 In addition, combining Fuc-GP73 and AFP-L3 greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.953) and the diagnostic values were 94.4% sensitivity at 88.9% specificity. 26342810 4 65 theme HCC 588:590 arg1 patients 592:599 HCC patients 588:599 HCC patients 588:599 Fucosylated structures were found to increase significantly in LC compared with HCC patients. 28064023 2 0 theme amino 587:591 arg1 frame 536:540 The open reading frame 519:540 The open reading frame of gpGILT 519:550 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 0 theme amino 587:591 arg1 acids 593:597 234 amino acids 583:597 234 amino acids 583:597 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 4 1 theme glycosylation 988:1000 arg1 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 2 2 from 705bp 555:559 arg1 length 564:569 length 564:569 length 564:569 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 8 3 theme innate 1804:1809 arg1 immunity 1824:1831 both innate and adaptive immunity 1799:1831 both innate and adaptive immunity 1799:1831 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 6 4 theme % 1370:1370 arg1 identity 1353:1360 an identity 1350:1360 an identity of 68.40% 1350:1370 Amino acid sequence-based alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that gpGILT is most closely related to that from the rat, with an identity of 68.40%. 28064023 9 5 theme thiol 1982:1986 arg1 activity 1998:2005 thiol reductase activity 1982:2005 thiol reductase activity in antigen processing 1982:2027 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 CQHGX2ECX2NX4C 945:958 CQHGX2ECX2NX4C 945:958 CQHGX2ECX2NX4C 945:958 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 CXXC 912:915 CXXC 912:915 CXXC 912:915 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 features 841:848 the typical features 829:848 the typical features 829:848 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 motif 905:909 an active-site motif 890:909 an active-site motif 890:909 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 sequence 935:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 6 theme typical 833:839 arg1 cysteines 1033:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 2 7 from length 564:569 arg1 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 7 from length 564:569 arg1 frame 536:540 The open reading frame 519:540 The open reading frame of gpGILT 519:550 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 8 8 theme adaptive 1815:1822 arg1 immunity 1824:1831 both innate and adaptive immunity 1799:1831 both innate and adaptive immunity 1799:1831 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 1 9 theme processing 276:285 arg1 pathway 304:310 the antigen processing and presentation pathway 264:310 the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 264:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 4 10 theme gpGILT 798:803 arg1 protein 805:811 the gpGILT protein 794:811 the gpGILT protein 794:811 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 9 11 theme Soluble 1834:1840 arg1 gpGILT 1854:1859 Soluble recombinant gpGILT 1834:1859 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli 1834:1879 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 8 12 theme tissue-specific 1553:1567 arg1 pattern 1580:1586 A tissue-specific expression pattern 1551:1586 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation 1551:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 1 13 theme Gamma-interferon-inducible 185:210 arg1 enzyme 254:259 a key enzyme 248:259 a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 248:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 13 theme Gamma-interferon-inducible 185:210 arg1 GILT 239:242 GILT 239:242 GILT 239:242 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 13 theme Gamma-interferon-inducible 185:210 arg1 reductase 228:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 185:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 185:243 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 14 from enzyme 254:259 arg1 pathway 304:310 the antigen processing and presentation pathway 264:310 the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 264:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 4 15 gly glycosylation 988:1000 arg2 three 961:965 three 961:965 three 961:965 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 15 gly glycosylation 988:1000 arg2 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 1 16 theme thiol 222:226 arg1 enzyme 254:259 a key enzyme 248:259 a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 248:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 16 theme thiol 222:226 arg1 GILT 239:242 GILT 239:242 GILT 239:242 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 16 theme thiol 222:226 arg1 reductase 228:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 185:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 185:243 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 9 17 theme reductase 1988:1996 arg1 activity 1998:2005 thiol reductase activity 1982:2005 thiol reductase activity in antigen processing 1982:2027 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 CQHGX2ECX2NX4C 945:958 CQHGX2ECX2NX4C 945:958 CQHGX2ECX2NX4C 945:958 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 CXXC 912:915 CXXC 912:915 CXXC 912:915 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 features 841:848 the typical features 829:848 the typical features 829:848 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 motif 905:909 an active-site motif 890:909 an active-site motif 890:909 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 sequence 935:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 18 theme proteins 870:877 arg1 cysteines 1033:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 8 19 theme gpGILT 1640:1645 arg1 mRNA 1647:1650 gpGILT mRNA 1640:1650 gpGILT mRNA 1640:1650 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 9 20 theme interchain 1898:1907 arg1 bonds 1919:1923 the interchain disulfide bonds 1894:1923 the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG 1894:1930 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 6 21 with related 1315:1321 arg1 identity 1353:1360 an identity 1350:1360 an identity of 68.40% 1350:1370 Amino acid sequence-based alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that gpGILT is most closely related to that from the rat, with an identity of 68.40%. 28064023 1 22 theme presentation 291:302 arg1 pathway 304:310 the antigen processing and presentation pathway 264:310 the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 264:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 10 23 theme gpGILT 2123:2128 arg1 characteristics 2104:2118 the molecular characteristics 2090:2118 the molecular characteristics of gpGILT 2090:2128 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 6 24 theme sequence-based 1229:1242 arg1 alignment 1244:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment 1218:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment 1218:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that gpGILT is most closely related to that from the rat, with an identity of 68.40%. 28064023 0 25 theme reductase 156:164 arg1 activity 166:173 thiol reductase activity 150:173 thiol reductase activity 150:173 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 7 26 theme chain 1535:1539 arg1 reaction 1541:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 4 27 theme known 859:863 arg1 proteins 870:877 other known GILT proteins 853:877 other known GILT proteins 853:877 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 1 28 dep processing 276:285 arg1 the 264:266 the 264:266 the 264:266 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 9 29 theme IgG 1928:1930 arg1 bonds 1919:1923 the interchain disulfide bonds 1894:1923 the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG 1894:1930 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 5 30 theme same 1203:1206 arg1 template 1208:1215 the same template 1199:1215 the same template 1199:1215 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 31 from arrangement 1158:1168 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 31 from arrangement 1158:1168 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 7 32 theme quantitative 1511:1522 arg1 reaction 1541:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 0 33 from pig 114:116 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 33 from pig 114:116 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 33 from pig 114:116 arg1 homolog 94:100 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog 39:100 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 39:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 10 34 theme useful 2140:2145 arg1 reference 2147:2155 a useful reference 2138:2155 a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2138:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 10 35 from involvement 2190:2200 arg1 processing 2213:2222 antigen processing 2205:2222 antigen processing 2205:2222 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 10 35 from involvement 2190:2200 arg1 surveillance 2242:2253 immunological surveillance 2228:2253 immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2228:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 0 36 theme reductase 84:92 arg1 homolog 94:100 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog 39:100 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 39:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 4 37 theme GILT 920:923 arg1 sequence 935:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 0 38 from characterization 19:34 arg1 pig 114:116 guinea pig 107:116 guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 107:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 38 from characterization 19:34 arg1 porcellus 125:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 4 39 link Asn-linked 977:986 arg1 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 6 40 theme Amino 1218:1222 arg1 alignment 1244:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment 1218:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment 1218:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that gpGILT is most closely related to that from the rat, with an identity of 68.40%. 28064023 8 41 from factor 1789:1794 arg1 immunity 1824:1831 both innate and adaptive immunity 1799:1831 both innate and adaptive immunity 1799:1831 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 5 42 theme motifs 1181:1186 arg1 shape 1137:1141 shape 1137:1141 shape 1137:1141 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 42 theme motifs 1181:1186 arg1 arrangement 1158:1168 positional arrangement 1147:1168 positional arrangement 1147:1168 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 43 theme gpGILT 1081:1086 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 43 theme gpGILT 1081:1086 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 10 44 theme characteristics 2104:2118 arg1 understanding 2073:2085 a better understanding 2064:2085 a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT 2064:2128 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 2 45 theme open 523:526 arg1 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 45 theme open 523:526 arg1 frame 536:540 The open reading frame 519:540 The open reading frame of gpGILT 519:550 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 45 theme open 523:526 arg1 acids 593:597 234 amino acids 583:597 234 amino acids 583:597 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 0 46 from Identification 0:13 arg1 pig 114:116 guinea pig 107:116 guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 107:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 46 from Identification 0:13 arg1 porcellus 125:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 8 47 theme immunological 1754:1766 arg1 factor 1789:1794 an immunological surveillance-related factor 1751:1794 an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity 1751:1831 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 47 theme immunological 1754:1766 arg1 GILT 1733:1736 GILT 1733:1736 GILT 1733:1736 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 1 48 dep bonds 341:345 arg1 characterized 453:465 characterized 453:465 characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 453:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 48 dep bonds 341:345 arg1 identified 438:447 identified 438:447 identified 438:447 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 2 49 theme putative 607:614 arg1 weight 626:631 a putative molecular weight 605:631 a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa 605:649 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 0 50 theme Cavia 119:123 arg1 pig 114:116 guinea pig 107:116 guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 107:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 50 theme Cavia 119:123 arg1 porcellus 125:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 5 51 theme predicted 1048:1056 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 51 theme predicted 1048:1056 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 0 52 theme homolog 94:100 arg1 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 characterization 19:34 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 52 theme homolog 94:100 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 5 53 theme mouse 1105:1109 arg1 GILT 1111:1114 mouse GILT 1105:1114 mouse GILT 1105:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 10 54 theme guinea 2276:2281 arg1 pig 2283:2285 the laboratory guinea pig 2261:2285 the laboratory guinea pig 2261:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 4 55 theme Asn-linked 977:986 arg1 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 10 56 from processing 2213:2222 arg1 investigation 2169:2181 further investigation 2161:2181 further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2161:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 8 57 from up-regulation 1623:1635 arg1 spleen 1655:1660 spleen 1655:1660 spleen 1655:1660 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 57 from up-regulation 1623:1635 arg1 blood 1666:1670 blood 1666:1670 blood 1666:1670 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 9 58 theme antigen 2010:2016 arg1 processing 2018:2027 antigen processing 2010:2027 antigen processing 2010:2027 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 4 59 theme primary 773:779 arg1 structure 781:789 The deduced primary structure 761:789 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein 761:811 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 5 60 theme human 1089:1093 arg1 GILT 1095:1098 human GILT 1089:1098 human GILT 1089:1098 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 7 61 theme lipopolysaccharide 1438:1455 arg1 challenge 1463:1471 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge 1438:1471 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT 1438:1481 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 0 62 theme lysosomal 68:76 arg1 reductase 84:92 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 39:92 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 39:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 1 63 theme disulfide 331:339 arg1 bonds 341:345 disulfide bonds 331:345 disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 331:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 10 64 theme study 2050:2054 arg1 results 2034:2040 The results 2030:2040 The results of this study 2030:2054 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 9 65 from activity 1998:2005 arg1 processing 2018:2027 antigen processing 2010:2027 antigen processing 2010:2027 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 4 66 theme other 1017:1021 arg1 cysteines 1033:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 1 67 theme bioactivity 499:509 arg1 assays 511:516 bioactivity assays 499:516 bioactivity assays 499:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 5 68 theme positional 1147:1156 arg1 arrangement 1158:1168 positional arrangement 1147:1168 positional arrangement 1147:1168 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 1 69 theme key 250:252 arg1 enzyme 254:259 a key enzyme 248:259 a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 248:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 69 theme key 250:252 arg1 reductase 228:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 185:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 185:243 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 7 70 theme constitutive 1391:1402 arg1 expression 1404:1413 the constitutive expression 1387:1413 the constitutive expression 1387:1413 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 8 71 theme remarkable 1612:1621 arg1 up-regulation 1623:1635 remarkable up-regulation 1612:1635 remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation 1612:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 10 72 theme immunological 2228:2240 arg1 surveillance 2242:2253 immunological surveillance 2228:2253 immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2228:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 10 73 theme involvement 2190:2200 arg1 investigation 2169:2181 further investigation 2161:2181 further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2161:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 9 74 theme recombinant 1842:1852 arg1 gpGILT 1854:1859 Soluble recombinant gpGILT 1834:1859 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli 1834:1879 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 9 75 theme reaction 1945:1952 arg1 system 1954:1959 an acidic reaction system 1935:1959 an acidic reaction system 1935:1959 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 1 76 theme antigen 268:274 arg1 processing 276:285 antigen processing 268:285 antigen processing 268:285 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 10 77 theme better 2066:2071 arg1 understanding 2073:2085 a better understanding 2064:2085 a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT 2064:2128 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 8 78 theme expression 1569:1578 arg1 pattern 1580:1586 A tissue-specific expression pattern 1551:1586 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation 1551:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 79 theme mRNA 1647:1650 arg1 tissues 1600:1606 selected tissues 1591:1606 selected tissues 1591:1606 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 79 theme mRNA 1647:1650 arg1 up-regulation 1623:1635 remarkable up-regulation 1612:1635 remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation 1612:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 10 80 theme laboratory 2265:2274 arg1 pig 2283:2285 the laboratory guinea pig 2261:2285 the laboratory guinea pig 2261:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 1 81 theme lysosomal 212:220 arg1 enzyme 254:259 a key enzyme 248:259 a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 248:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 81 theme lysosomal 212:220 arg1 GILT 239:242 GILT 239:242 GILT 239:242 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 81 theme lysosomal 212:220 arg1 reductase 228:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 185:236 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 185:243 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 4 82 theme protein 805:811 arg1 structure 781:789 The deduced primary structure 761:789 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein 761:811 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 10 83 theme molecular 2094:2102 arg1 characteristics 2104:2118 the molecular characteristics 2090:2118 the molecular characteristics of gpGILT 2090:2128 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 5 84 from shape 1137:1141 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 84 from shape 1137:1141 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 4 85 theme GILT 865:868 arg1 proteins 870:877 other known GILT proteins 853:877 other known GILT proteins 853:877 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 5 86 from similar 1126:1132 arg1 shape 1137:1141 shape 1137:1141 shape 1137:1141 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 86 from similar 1126:1132 arg1 arrangement 1158:1168 positional arrangement 1147:1168 positional arrangement 1147:1168 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 2 87 theme reading 528:534 arg1 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 87 theme reading 528:534 arg1 frame 536:540 The open reading frame 519:540 The open reading frame of gpGILT 519:550 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 87 theme reading 528:534 arg1 acids 593:597 234 amino acids 583:597 234 amino acids 583:597 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 6 88 theme phylogenetic 1258:1269 arg1 analysis 1271:1278 phylogenetic analysis 1258:1278 phylogenetic analysis 1258:1278 Amino acid sequence-based alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that gpGILT is most closely related to that from the rat, with an identity of 68.40%. 28064023 9 89 theme disulfide 1909:1917 arg1 bonds 1919:1923 the interchain disulfide bonds 1894:1923 the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG 1894:1930 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 4 90 theme active-site 893:903 arg1 motif 905:909 an active-site motif 890:909 an active-site motif 890:909 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 8 91 from pattern 1580:1586 arg1 tissues 1600:1606 selected tissues 1591:1606 selected tissues 1591:1606 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 91 from pattern 1580:1586 arg1 up-regulation 1623:1635 remarkable up-regulation 1612:1635 remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation 1612:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 1 92 theme GILT 392:395 arg1 homolog 381:387 a homolog 379:387 a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) 379:432 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 8 93 theme LPS 1686:1688 arg1 stimulation 1690:1700 LPS stimulation 1686:1700 LPS stimulation 1686:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 7 94 theme polymerase 1524:1533 arg1 reaction 1541:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 2 95 theme gpGILT 545:550 arg1 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 705bp 555:559 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 95 theme gpGILT 545:550 arg1 frame 536:540 The open reading frame 519:540 The open reading frame of gpGILT 519:550 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 2 95 theme gpGILT 545:550 arg1 acids 593:597 234 amino acids 583:597 234 amino acids 583:597 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 6 96 theme acid 1224:1227 arg1 alignment 1244:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment 1218:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment 1218:1252 Amino acid sequence-based alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that gpGILT is most closely related to that from the rat, with an identity of 68.40%. 28064023 1 97 theme guinea 402:407 arg1 pigs 409:412 guinea pigs 402:412 guinea pigs 402:412 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 7 98 theme real-time 1501:1509 arg1 reaction 1541:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction 1501:1548 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 4 99 theme other 853:857 arg1 proteins 870:877 other known GILT proteins 853:877 other known GILT proteins 853:877 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 10 100 from investigation 2169:2181 arg1 processing 2213:2222 antigen processing 2205:2222 antigen processing 2205:2222 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 10 100 from investigation 2169:2181 arg1 surveillance 2242:2253 immunological surveillance 2228:2253 immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2228:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 1 101 from pigs 409:412 arg1 GILT 392:395 GILT 392:395 GILT from guinea pigs 392:412 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 101 from pigs 409:412 arg1 homolog 381:387 a homolog 379:387 a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) 379:432 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 9 102 theme acidic 1938:1943 arg1 system 1954:1959 an acidic reaction system 1935:1959 an acidic reaction system 1935:1959 Soluble recombinant gpGILT produced in E. coli could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG in an acidic reaction system in vitro, suggesting thiol reductase activity in antigen processing. 28064023 5 103 theme key 1177:1179 arg1 motifs 1181:1186 the key motifs 1173:1186 the key motifs modeled on the same template 1173:1215 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 0 104 theme guinea 107:112 arg1 pig 114:116 guinea pig 107:116 guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 107:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 0 104 theme guinea 107:112 arg1 porcellus 125:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Cavia porcellus 119:133 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 7 105 theme gpGILT 1476:1481 arg1 challenge 1463:1471 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge 1438:1471 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT 1438:1481 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 10 106 theme further 2161:2167 arg1 investigation 2169:2181 further investigation 2161:2181 further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2161:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 8 107 from tissues 1600:1606 arg1 spleen 1655:1660 spleen 1655:1660 spleen 1655:1660 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 107 from tissues 1600:1606 arg1 blood 1666:1670 blood 1666:1670 blood 1666:1670 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 2 108 theme molecular 616:624 arg1 weight 626:631 a putative molecular weight 605:631 a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa 605:649 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 3 109 contain containing 721:730 arg2 introns 736:742 six introns 732:742 six introns 732:742 The structure of gpGILT is similar to those of humans and zebrafish, containing six introns and seven exons. 28064023 3 109 contain containing 721:730 arg1 those 690:694 those 690:694 those 690:694 The structure of gpGILT is similar to those of humans and zebrafish, containing six introns and seven exons. 28064023 3 109 contain containing 721:730 arg2 exons 754:758 seven exons 748:758 seven exons 748:758 The structure of gpGILT is similar to those of humans and zebrafish, containing six introns and seven exons. 28064023 10 110 theme antigen 2205:2211 arg1 processing 2213:2222 antigen processing 2205:2222 antigen processing 2205:2222 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 5 111 theme tertiary 1058:1065 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 111 theme tertiary 1058:1065 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 8 112 theme surveillance-related 1768:1787 arg1 factor 1789:1794 an immunological surveillance-related factor 1751:1794 an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity 1751:1831 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 112 theme surveillance-related 1768:1787 arg1 GILT 1733:1736 GILT 1733:1736 GILT 1733:1736 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 0 113 theme thiol 150:154 arg1 activity 166:173 thiol reductase activity 150:173 thiol reductase activity 150:173 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 2 114 theme 25.85kDa 642:649 arg1 weight 626:631 a putative molecular weight 605:631 a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa 605:649 The open reading frame of gpGILT is 705bp in length and encodes 234 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of about 25.85kDa. 28064023 1 115 from In 364:365 arg1 bonds 341:345 disulfide bonds 331:345 disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays 331:516 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 5 116 theme GILT 1111:1114 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 116 theme GILT 1111:1114 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 4 117 theme potential 967:975 arg1 sites 1002:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites 961:1006 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 10 118 from surveillance 2242:2253 arg1 investigation 2169:2181 further investigation 2161:2181 further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig 2161:2285 The results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of gpGILT and are a useful reference for further investigation of its involvement in antigen processing and immunological surveillance using the laboratory guinea pig. 28064023 0 119 theme gamma-interferon-inducible 41:66 arg1 reductase 84:92 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 39:92 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 39:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 4 120 theme signature 925:933 arg1 sequence 935:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 a GILT signature sequence 918:942 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 4 121 theme deduced 765:771 arg1 structure 781:789 The deduced primary structure 761:789 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein 761:811 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 1 122 theme bioinformatic 473:485 arg1 methods 487:493 bioinformatic methods 473:493 bioinformatic methods 473:493 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 1 123 from homolog 381:387 arg1 pigs 409:412 guinea pigs 402:412 guinea pigs 402:412 Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a key enzyme in the antigen processing and presentation pathway whereby it reduces disulfide bonds at an acidic pH. In this study, a homolog of GILT from guinea pigs (designated gpGILT) was identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods and bioactivity assays. 28064023 0 124 theme thiol 78:82 arg1 reductase 84:92 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 39:92 a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro 39:182 Identification and characterization of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase homolog from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) that exhibits thiol reductase activity in vitro. 28064023 5 125 theme GILT 1095:1098 arg1 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 similar 1126:1132 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 5 125 theme GILT 1095:1098 arg1 structures 1067:1076 The predicted tertiary structures 1044:1076 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT 1044:1114 The predicted tertiary structures of gpGILT, human GILT, and mouse GILT are quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs modeled on the same template. 28064023 8 126 theme selected 1591:1598 arg1 tissues 1600:1606 selected tissues 1591:1606 selected tissues 1591:1606 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 8 127 theme stimulation 1690:1700 arg1 12h 1679:1681 12h 1679:1681 12h of LPS stimulation 1679:1700 A tissue-specific expression pattern in selected tissues and remarkable up-regulation of gpGILT mRNA in spleen and blood within 12h of LPS stimulation were observed, suggesting that GILT functions as an immunological surveillance-related factor in both innate and adaptive immunity. 28064023 7 128 theme immune 1419:1424 arg1 response 1426:1433 immune response 1419:1433 immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT 1419:1481 Additionally, the constitutive expression and immune response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of gpGILT were tested using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. 28064023 4 129 theme conserved 1023:1031 arg1 cysteines 1033:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 six other conserved cysteines 1013:1041 The deduced primary structure of the gpGILT protein includes all of the typical features of other known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, CXXC, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, three potential Asn-linked glycosylation sites, and six other conserved cysteines. 28064023 3 130 theme gpGILT 669:674 arg1 structure 656:664 The structure 652:664 The structure of gpGILT 652:674 The structure of gpGILT is similar to those of humans and zebrafish, containing six introns and seven exons. 28064023 3 130 theme gpGILT 669:674 arg1 similar 679:685 similar 679:685 similar 679:685 The structure of gpGILT is similar to those of humans and zebrafish, containing six introns and seven exons. 24948903 6 0 theme O-GlcNAc 1141:1148 arg1 levels 1150:1155 O-GlcNAc levels 1141:1155 O-GlcNAc levels 1141:1155 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 11 1 theme secretion 2100:2108 arg1 regulation 2072:2081 the regulation 2068:2081 the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes 2068:2169 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 9 2 gly 91 N-glycosylation 1635:1652 arg2 sites 1654:1658 91 N-glycosylation sites 1635:1658 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively 1635:1754 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 10 3 theme time 1947:1950 arg1 frame 1952:1956 the time frame 1943:1956 the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance 1943:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 3 4 theme genetic 530:536 arg1 methods 557:563 either genetic or pharmacological methods 523:563 either genetic or pharmacological methods 523:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 9 5 theme secreted 1676:1683 arg1 proteins 1685:1692 51 secreted proteins 1673:1692 51 secreted proteins 1673:1692 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 8 6 dep sites 1402:1406 arg1 1 1395:1395 1 1395:1395 1 1395:1395 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 10 7 from changes 1907:1913 arg1 frame 1952:1956 the time frame 1943:1956 the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance 1943:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 10 7 from changes 1907:1913 arg1 glycosylation 1926:1938 complex glycosylation 1918:1938 complex glycosylation 1918:1938 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 11 8 theme adipocytokine 2086:2098 arg1 secretion 2100:2108 adipocytokine secretion 2086:2108 adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes 2086:2169 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 11 9 theme O-GlcNAc 2031:2038 arg1 modification 2040:2051 the O-GlcNAc modification 2027:2051 the O-GlcNAc modification 2027:2051 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 3 10 link O-linked 477:484 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 486:506 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 477:506 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods 477:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 3 10 link O-linked 477:484 arg1 O-GlcNAc 509:516 O-GlcNAc 509:516 O-GlcNAc 509:516 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 3 11 theme pharmacological 541:555 arg1 methods 557:563 either genetic or pharmacological methods 523:563 either genetic or pharmacological methods 523:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 10 12 dep N- 1790:1791 arg1 the 1786:1788 the 1786:1788 the 1786:1788 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 2 13 theme tissue 221:226 arg1 proteins 201:208 the secreted proteins 188:208 the secreted proteins of adipose tissue 188:226 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 6 14 theme adipocytes 957:966 arg1 glycome 932:938 glycome 932:938 glycome 932:938 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 6 14 theme adipocytes 957:966 arg1 secretome 918:926 secretome 918:926 secretome 918:926 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 10 15 theme insulin 1979:1985 arg1 resistance 1987:1996 insulin resistance 1979:1996 insulin resistance 1979:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 10 16 theme many 1778:1781 arg1 structures 1806:1815 many of the N- and O-glycan structures 1778:1815 many of the N- and O-glycan structures 1778:1815 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 1 17 theme energy 116:121 arg1 tissue 98:103 Adipose tissue 90:103 Adipose tissue 90:103 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 1 17 theme energy 116:121 arg1 depot 131:135 an energy storage depot 113:135 an energy storage depot 113:135 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 6 18 theme primary 943:949 arg1 adipocytes 957:966 primary human adipocytes 943:966 primary human adipocytes 943:966 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 abundance 1518:1526 the relative abundance 1505:1526 (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1501:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 structures 1457:1466 the structures 1453:1466 (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans 1449:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 sites 1402:1406 the sites 1398:1406 (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins 1394:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 19 theme N- 1479:1480 arg1 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 4 20 theme altered 713:719 arg1 expression 721:730 the altered expression 709:730 the altered expression of many adipocytokines 709:753 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. 24948903 3 21 theme cultured 616:623 arg1 cells 625:629 cultured cells 616:629 cultured cells 616:629 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 abundance 1518:1526 the relative abundance 1505:1526 (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1501:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 structures 1457:1466 the structures 1453:1466 (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans 1449:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 sites 1402:1406 the sites 1398:1406 (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins 1394:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 22 theme O-glycans 1486:1494 arg1 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 4 23 theme O-GlcNAc 674:681 arg1 levels 683:688 global O-GlcNAc levels 667:688 global O-GlcNAc levels 667:688 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. 24948903 7 24 theme down-regulated 1264:1277 arg1 proteins 1279:1286 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins 1242:1286 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions 1242:1341 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 7 25 located detected 1297:1304 arg2 proteins 1279:1286 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins 1242:1286 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions 1242:1341 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 7 25 located detected 1297:1304 arg1 conditions 1332:1341 both insulin resistant conditions 1309:1341 both insulin resistant conditions 1309:1341 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 10 26 theme insulin 1848:1854 arg1 resistance 1856:1865 insulin resistance 1848:1865 insulin resistance 1848:1865 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 3 27 gly glycosylation 448:460 arg1 proteins 465:472 proteins 465:472 proteins 465:472 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 6 28 theme resistant 1006:1014 arg1 conditions 1016:1025 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 975:1025 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels 975:1155 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 9 29 attach derived 1660:1666 arg2 sites 1654:1658 91 N-glycosylation sites 1635:1658 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively 1635:1754 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 9 29 attach derived 1660:1666 arg1 N- 1726:1727 155 and 29 released N- 1706:1727 155 and 29 released N- 1706:1727 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 9 29 attach derived 1660:1666 arg1 proteins 1685:1692 51 secreted proteins 1673:1692 51 secreted proteins 1673:1692 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 7 30 dep resistant 1322:1330 arg1 both 1309:1312 both 1309:1312 both 1309:1312 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 6 31 theme pharmacological 1109:1123 arg1 manipulation 1125:1136 the pharmacological manipulation 1105:1136 the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels 1105:1155 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 2 32 theme diabetes 367:374 arg1 mellitus 376:383 type 2 diabetes mellitus 360:383 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 360:390 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 2 32 theme diabetes 367:374 arg1 T2DM 386:389 T2DM 386:389 T2DM 386:389 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 0 33 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 secretome 13:21 Quantitative secretome 0:21 Quantitative secretome 0:21 Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. 24948903 11 34 theme resistance 2140:2149 arg1 induction 2119:2127 the induction 2115:2127 the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes 2115:2169 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 11 35 theme human 2154:2158 arg1 adipocytes 2160:2169 human adipocytes 2154:2169 human adipocytes 2154:2169 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 8 36 theme complex 1531:1537 arg1 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 4 37 theme adipocytokines 740:753 arg1 expression 721:730 the altered expression 709:730 the altered expression of many adipocytokines 709:753 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. 24948903 5 38 theme sensitive 835:843 arg1 conditions 867:876 insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions 827:876 insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions 827:876 We have previously characterized the rodent adipocyte secretome during insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 6 39 theme hyperinsulinemia 1082:1097 arg1 method 1054:1059 the classical method 1040:1059 the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia 1040:1097 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 2 40 theme impaired 165:172 arg1 regulation 174:183 The impaired regulation 161:183 The impaired regulation 161:183 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 8 41 from abundance 1518:1526 arg1 conditions 1611:1620 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1570:1620 conditions 1611:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 41 from abundance 1518:1526 arg1 proteins 1439:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 41 from abundance 1518:1526 arg1 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 6 42 theme hyperglycemia 1064:1076 arg1 method 1054:1059 the classical method 1040:1059 the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia 1040:1097 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 abundance 1518:1526 the relative abundance 1505:1526 (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1501:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 structures 1457:1466 the structures 1453:1466 (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans 1449:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 sites 1402:1406 the sites 1398:1406 (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins 1394:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 43 theme structures 1556:1565 arg1 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 10 44 theme insulin 1825:1831 arg1 responsive 1833:1842 insulin responsive 1825:1842 insulin responsive 1825:1842 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 3 45 theme proteins 465:472 arg1 glycosylation 448:460 the intracellular glycosylation 430:460 the intracellular glycosylation of proteins 430:472 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 5 46 theme adipocyte 800:808 arg1 secretome 810:818 the rodent adipocyte secretome 789:818 the rodent adipocyte secretome 789:818 We have previously characterized the rodent adipocyte secretome during insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 47 dep structures 1457:1466 arg1 2 1450:1450 2 1450:1450 2 1450:1450 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 7 48 theme resistant 1322:1330 arg1 conditions 1332:1341 both insulin resistant conditions 1309:1341 both insulin resistant conditions 1309:1341 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 2 49 theme secreted 192:199 arg1 proteins 201:208 the secreted proteins 188:208 the secreted proteins of adipose tissue 188:226 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 3 50 theme glycosylation 448:460 arg1 sufficient 568:577 sufficient 568:577 sufficient 568:577 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 3 50 theme glycosylation 448:460 arg1 elevation 417:425 the global elevation 406:425 the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods 406:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 conditions 1611:1620 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1570:1620 conditions 1611:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg2 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg2 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg2 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg2 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg2 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 51 gly N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg2 sites 1402:1406 the sites 1398:1406 (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins 1394:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 10 52 theme resistance 1856:1865 arg1 conditions 1867:1876 insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions 1825:1876 insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance 1825:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 2 53 theme type 360:363 arg1 mellitus 376:383 type 2 diabetes mellitus 360:383 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 360:390 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 2 53 theme type 360:363 arg1 T2DM 386:389 T2DM 386:389 T2DM 386:389 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 5 54 theme rodent 793:798 arg1 secretome 810:818 the rodent adipocyte secretome 789:818 the rodent adipocyte secretome 789:818 We have previously characterized the rodent adipocyte secretome during insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 9 55 theme 91 N-glycosylation 1635:1652 arg1 sites 1654:1658 91 N-glycosylation sites 1635:1658 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively 1635:1754 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 6 56 theme levels 1150:1155 arg1 manipulation 1125:1136 the pharmacological manipulation 1105:1136 the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels 1105:1155 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 8 57 theme resistant 1601:1609 arg1 conditions 1611:1620 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1570:1620 conditions 1611:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 58 from structures 1457:1466 arg1 conditions 1611:1620 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1570:1620 conditions 1611:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 58 from structures 1457:1466 arg1 proteins 1439:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 58 from structures 1457:1466 arg1 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 7 59 theme proteomic 1166:1174 arg1 approach 1176:1183 a proteomic approach 1164:1183 a proteomic approach 1164:1183 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 2 60 theme pathobiology 344:355 arg1 onset 297:301 the onset 293:301 the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 293:390 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 8 61 from sites 1402:1406 arg1 conditions 1611:1620 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1570:1620 conditions 1611:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 61 from sites 1402:1406 arg1 proteins 1439:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 61 from sites 1402:1406 arg1 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 responsive 1578:1587 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 6 62 dep secretome 918:926 arg1 the 914:916 the 914:916 the 914:916 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 10 63 theme significant 1895:1905 arg1 changes 1907:1913 no significant changes 1892:1913 no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance 1892:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 0 64 theme human 46:50 arg1 adipocytes 52:61 primary human adipocytes 38:61 primary human adipocytes 38:61 Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. 24948903 11 65 theme insulin 2132:2138 arg1 resistance 2140:2149 insulin resistance 2132:2149 insulin resistance 2132:2149 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 6 66 theme responsive 983:992 arg1 conditions 1016:1025 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 975:1025 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels 975:1155 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 8 67 theme glycomic 1363:1370 arg1 techniques 1372:1381 glycomic techniques 1363:1381 glycomic techniques 1363:1381 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 3 68 theme O-linked 477:484 arg1 β-N-acetylglucosamine 486:506 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine 477:506 O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods 477:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 3 68 theme O-linked 477:484 arg1 O-GlcNAc 509:516 O-GlcNAc 509:516 O-GlcNAc 509:516 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 10 69 theme N- 1790:1791 arg1 O-glycan 1797:1804 O-glycan 1797:1804 O-glycan 1797:1804 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 10 69 theme N- 1790:1791 arg1 many 1778:1781 many 1778:1781 many 1778:1781 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 10 69 theme N- 1790:1791 arg1 N- 1790:1791 N- 1790:1791 N- 1790:1791 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 5 70 theme resistant 857:865 arg1 conditions 867:876 insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions 827:876 insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions 827:876 We have previously characterized the rodent adipocyte secretome during insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 71 theme complex 1471:1477 arg1 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 10 72 theme resistance 1987:1996 arg1 induction 1966:1974 the induction 1962:1974 the induction of insulin resistance 1962:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 2 73 theme adipose 213:219 arg1 tissue 221:226 adipose tissue 213:226 adipose tissue 213:226 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 6 74 theme human 951:955 arg1 adipocytes 957:966 primary human adipocytes 943:966 primary human adipocytes 943:966 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 9 75 theme released 1717:1724 arg1 N- 1726:1727 155 and 29 released N- 1706:1727 155 and 29 released N- 1706:1727 We identify 91 N-glycosylation sites derived from 51 secreted proteins, as well as 155 and 29 released N- and O-glycans respectively. 24948903 11 76 from induction 2119:2127 arg1 adipocytes 2160:2169 human adipocytes 2154:2169 human adipocytes 2154:2169 Thus, our data support that the O-GlcNAc modification is involved in the regulation of adipocytokine secretion upon the induction of insulin resistance in human adipocytes. 24948903 1 77 theme storage 123:129 arg1 tissue 98:103 Adipose tissue 90:103 Adipose tissue 90:103 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 1 77 theme storage 123:129 arg1 depot 131:135 an energy storage depot 113:135 an energy storage depot 113:135 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 2 78 theme insulin 317:323 arg1 resistance 325:334 whole-body insulin resistance 306:334 whole-body insulin resistance 306:334 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 0 79 theme insulin 70:76 arg1 resistance 78:87 insulin resistance 70:87 insulin resistance 70:87 Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. 24948903 10 80 theme O-glycan 1797:1804 arg1 O-glycan 1797:1804 O-glycan 1797:1804 O-glycan 1797:1804 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 10 80 theme O-glycan 1797:1804 arg1 many 1778:1781 many 1778:1781 many 1778:1781 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 10 80 theme O-glycan 1797:1804 arg1 N- 1790:1791 N- 1790:1791 N- 1790:1791 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 6 81 theme classical 1044:1052 arg1 method 1054:1059 the classical method 1040:1059 the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia 1040:1097 Here, we characterize and quantify the secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions generated by the classical method of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia or by the pharmacological manipulation of O-GlcNAc levels. 24948903 4 82 theme global 667:672 arg1 levels 683:688 global O-GlcNAc levels 667:688 global O-GlcNAc levels 667:688 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. 24948903 7 83 theme up-regulated 1245:1256 arg1 proteins 1279:1286 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins 1242:1286 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions 1242:1341 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 1 84 theme endocrine 144:152 arg1 organ 154:158 an endocrine organ 141:158 an endocrine organ 141:158 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 4 85 theme levels 683:688 arg1 elevation 654:662 The elevation 650:662 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels 650:688 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. 24948903 8 86 theme relative 1509:1516 arg1 abundance 1518:1526 the relative abundance 1505:1526 (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1501:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 2 87 theme mellitus 376:383 arg1 resistance 325:334 whole-body insulin resistance 306:334 whole-body insulin resistance 306:334 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 2 87 theme mellitus 376:383 arg1 pathobiology 344:355 the pathobiology 340:355 the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 340:390 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 1 88 theme Adipose 90:96 arg1 tissue 98:103 Adipose tissue 90:103 Adipose tissue 90:103 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 1 88 theme Adipose 90:96 arg1 depot 131:135 an energy storage depot 113:135 an energy storage depot 113:135 Adipose tissue is both an energy storage depot and an endocrine organ. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 abundance 1518:1526 the relative abundance 1505:1526 (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1501:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 structures 1457:1466 the structures 1453:1466 (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans 1449:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 sites 1402:1406 the sites 1398:1406 (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins 1394:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 89 theme N- 1539:1540 arg1 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 3 90 from sufficient 568:577 arg1 addition 396:403 addition 396:403 addition 396:403 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 7 91 theme secreted 1202:1209 arg1 proteins 1211:1218 190 secreted proteins 1198:1218 190 secreted proteins 1198:1218 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 92 theme O-glycans 1546:1554 arg1 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 3 93 theme animal 635:640 arg1 models 642:647 animal models 635:647 animal models 635:647 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 4 94 theme many 735:738 arg1 adipocytokines 740:753 many adipocytokines 735:753 many adipocytokines 735:753 The elevation of global O-GlcNAc levels is associated with the altered expression of many adipocytokines. 24948903 3 95 theme intracellular 434:446 arg1 glycosylation 448:460 the intracellular glycosylation 430:460 the intracellular glycosylation of proteins 430:472 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 0 96 theme primary 38:44 arg1 adipocytes 52:61 primary human adipocytes 38:61 primary human adipocytes 38:61 Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. 24948903 7 97 dep down-regulated 1264:1277 arg1 6 1262:1262 6 1262:1262 6 1262:1262 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 10 98 theme responsive 1833:1842 arg1 conditions 1867:1876 insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions 1825:1876 insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance 1825:1996 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 abundance 1518:1526 the relative abundance 1505:1526 (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1501:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 structures 1457:1466 the structures 1453:1466 (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans 1449:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 structures 1556:1565 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 structures 1556:1565 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 sites 1402:1406 the sites 1398:1406 (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins 1394:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 N- 1539:1540 complex N- and O-glycans structures 1531:1565 N- 1539:1540 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 N- 1479:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 complex N- 1471:1480 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 N-glycosylation 1411:1425 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 8 99 theme N-glycosylation 1411:1425 arg1 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 O-glycans 1486:1494 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 0 100 theme adipocytes 52:61 arg1 glycome 27:33 glycome 27:33 glycome 27:33 Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. 24948903 0 100 theme adipocytes 52:61 arg1 secretome 13:21 Quantitative secretome 0:21 Quantitative secretome 0:21 Quantitative secretome and glycome of primary human adipocytes during insulin resistance. 24948903 2 101 theme proteins 201:208 arg1 regulation 174:183 The impaired regulation 161:183 The impaired regulation 161:183 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 8 102 theme secreted 1430:1437 arg1 proteins 1439:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 secreted proteins 1430:1446 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 2 103 theme resistance 325:334 arg1 onset 297:301 the onset 293:301 the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 293:390 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 3 104 theme insulin 589:595 arg1 resistance 597:606 insulin resistance 589:606 insulin resistance 589:606 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 8 105 theme insulin 1593:1599 arg1 conditions 1611:1620 insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions 1570:1620 conditions 1611:1620 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 3 106 from addition 396:403 arg1 sufficient 568:577 sufficient 568:577 sufficient 568:577 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 3 106 from addition 396:403 arg1 elevation 417:425 the global elevation 406:425 the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods 406:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 2 107 theme whole-body 306:315 arg1 resistance 325:334 whole-body insulin resistance 306:334 whole-body insulin resistance 306:334 The impaired regulation of the secreted proteins of adipose tissue, known as adipocytokines, observed during obesity contributes to the onset of whole-body insulin resistance and the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 24948903 8 108 dep abundance 1518:1526 arg1 3 1502:1502 3 1502:1502 3 1502:1502 Moreover, we apply glycomic techniques to examine (1) the sites of N-glycosylation on secreted proteins, (2) the structures of complex N- and O-glycans, and (3) the relative abundance of complex N- and O-glycans structures in insulin responsive and insulin resistant conditions. 24948903 3 109 theme global 410:415 arg1 sufficient 568:577 sufficient 568:577 sufficient 568:577 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 3 109 theme global 410:415 arg1 elevation 417:425 the global elevation 406:425 the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods 406:563 In addition, the global elevation of the intracellular glycosylation of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) via either genetic or pharmacological methods is sufficient to induce insulin resistance in both cultured cells and animal models. 24948903 10 110 theme complex 1918:1924 arg1 glycosylation 1926:1938 complex glycosylation 1918:1938 complex glycosylation 1918:1938 We go on to quantify many of the N- and O-glycan structures between insulin responsive and insulin resistance conditions demonstrating no significant changes in complex glycosylation in the time frame for the induction of insulin resistance. 24948903 7 111 theme proteins 1279:1286 arg1 total 1233:1237 a total 1231:1237 a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions 1231:1341 Using a proteomic approach, we identify 190 secreted proteins and report a total of 20 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated proteins that are detected in both insulin resistant conditions. 28342150 7 0 theme silkworm 1228:1235 arg1 serum 1237:1241 silkworm serum 1228:1241 silkworm serum 1228:1241 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 7 1 theme galactosyltransferase 1260:1280 arg1 activity 1282:1289 higher galactosyltransferase activity 1253:1289 higher galactosyltransferase activity 1253:1289 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 2 2 theme glycan 483:488 arg1 structures 490:499 N-linked glycan structures 474:499 N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects 474:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 4 3 theme accepter 877:884 arg1 sugars 886:891 accepter sugars 877:891 accepter sugars 877:891 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 2 4 gly sialylated 555:564 arg1 N-glycans 579:587 terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans 544:587 terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans 544:587 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 5 5 theme C-terminal 1054:1063 arg1 tags 1065:1068 C-terminal tags 1054:1068 C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS 1054:1085 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 0 6 theme Silkworm-Baculovirus 88:107 arg1 System 120:125 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 88:125 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 88:125 Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 28342150 4 7 theme transmembrane 808:820 arg1 enzymes 822:828 type II transmembrane enzymes 800:828 type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans 800:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 2 8 theme N-linked 474:481 arg1 structures 490:499 N-linked glycan structures 474:499 N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects 474:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 7 9 theme purified 1204:1211 arg1 rhβ4GalT1 1213:1221 purified rhβ4GalT1 1204:1221 purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum 1204:1241 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 9 10 gly glycoproteins 1590:1602 arg1 glycoproteins 1590:1602 high-quality recombinant glycoproteins 1565:1602 high-quality recombinant glycoproteins 1565:1602 Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans. 28342150 1 11 gly glycoproteins 248:260 arg1 glycoproteins 248:260 functional recombinant glycoproteins 225:260 functional recombinant glycoproteins 225:260 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 8 12 theme transferase 1378:1388 arg1 activity 1390:1397 the UDP-galactose transferase activity 1360:1397 the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1360:1428 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 9 13 theme high-quality 1565:1576 arg1 glycoproteins 1590:1602 high-quality recombinant glycoproteins 1565:1602 high-quality recombinant glycoproteins 1565:1602 Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans. 28342150 6 14 gly N-glycosylated 1122:1135 arg1 rhβ4GalT1 1109:1117 rhβ4GalT1 1109:1117 rhβ4GalT1 1109:1117 We demonstrated that rhβ4GalT1 is N-glycosylated and without mucin-type glycosylation. 28342150 8 15 theme rhβ4GalT1 1411:1419 arg1 proteins 1421:1428 produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1402:1428 produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1402:1428 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 1 16 link N-linked 368:375 arg1 glycans 377:383 N-linked glycans 368:383 N-linked glycans 368:383 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 4 17 theme further 915:921 arg1 sialylation 923:933 further sialylation 915:933 further sialylation of N-glycans 915:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 0 18 theme Expression 109:118 arg1 System 120:125 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 88:125 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 88:125 Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 28342150 1 19 from differences 336:346 arg1 structure 355:363 the structure 351:363 the structure of N-linked glycans 351:383 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 4 20 theme type 800:803 arg1 enzymes 822:828 type II transmembrane enzymes 800:828 type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans 800:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 1 21 theme N-linked 368:375 arg1 glycans 377:383 N-linked glycans 368:383 N-linked glycans 368:383 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 5 22 from N- 1048:1049 arg1 silkworm-BEVS 1073:1085 silkworm-BEVS 1073:1085 silkworm-BEVS 1073:1085 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 3 23 dep studies 612:618 arg1 the 593:595 the 593:595 the 593:595 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 3 23 dep studies 612:618 arg1 light 597:601 light 597:601 light 597:601 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 4 24 theme N-glycans 938:946 arg1 sialylation 923:933 further sialylation 915:933 further sialylation of N-glycans 915:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 2 25 link N-linked 474:481 arg1 structures 490:499 N-linked glycan structures 474:499 N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects 474:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 2 26 gly glycoproteins 504:516 arg1 glycoproteins 504:516 glycoproteins 504:516 glycoproteins derived from insects 504:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 8 27 theme silkworm 1462:1469 arg1 gland 1476:1480 silkworm silk gland 1462:1480 silkworm silk gland 1462:1480 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 6 28 theme mucin-type 1149:1158 arg1 glycosylation 1160:1172 mucin-type glycosylation 1149:1172 mucin-type glycosylation 1149:1172 We demonstrated that rhβ4GalT1 is N-glycosylated and without mucin-type glycosylation. 28342150 3 29 with maturation 647:656 arg1 glycosyltransferases 702:721 mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 675:721 mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 675:721 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 2 30 theme various 427:433 arg1 approaches 435:444 various approaches 427:444 various approaches 427:444 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 2 31 theme complex-type 566:577 arg1 N-glycans 579:587 terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans 544:587 terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans 544:587 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 1 32 theme glycans 377:383 arg1 structure 355:363 the structure 351:363 the structure of N-linked glycans 351:383 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 8 33 theme UDP-galactose 1364:1376 arg1 activity 1390:1397 the UDP-galactose transferase activity 1360:1397 the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1360:1428 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 9 34 theme mammalian-like 1609:1622 arg1 N-glycans 1624:1632 mammalian-like N-glycans 1609:1632 mammalian-like N-glycans 1609:1632 Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans. 28342150 1 35 theme mass-production 193:207 arg1 tool 209:212 a mass-production tool 191:212 a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian 191:413 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 35 theme mass-production 193:207 arg1 system 158:163 Baculovirus expression vector system 128:163 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 128:170 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 0 36 theme β-1 41:43 arg1 Characterization 15:30 Characterization 15:30 Characterization 15:30 Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 28342150 0 36 theme β-1 41:43 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 28342150 0 36 theme β-1 41:43 arg1 4-Galactosyltransferase 46:68 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 46:70 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 46:125 Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 28342150 4 37 gly sialylation 923:933 arg1 N-glycans 938:946 N-glycans 938:946 N-glycans 938:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 2 38 theme sialylated 555:564 arg1 N-glycans 579:587 terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans 544:587 terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans 544:587 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 3 39 theme N-glycan 661:668 arg1 maturation 647:656 in vitro maturation 638:656 in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 638:721 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 5 40 theme human 1017:1021 arg1 β4GalT1 1023:1029 recombinant human β4GalT1 1005:1029 recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) 1005:1041 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 5 40 theme human 1017:1021 arg1 rhβ4GalT1 1032:1040 rhβ4GalT1 1032:1040 rhβ4GalT1 1032:1040 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 8 41 from gland 1476:1480 arg1 subtracts 1447:1455 protein subtracts 1439:1455 protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland 1439:1480 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 0 42 theme Human 35:39 arg1 β-1 41:43 Human β-1 35:43 Human β-1 35:43 Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 28342150 9 43 theme valuable 1537:1544 arg1 tool 1546:1549 a valuable tool 1535:1549 a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans 1535:1632 Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans. 28342150 5 44 theme β4GalT1 1023:1029 arg1 production 991:1000 a large-scale production 977:1000 a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) 977:1041 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 5 45 from tags 1065:1068 arg1 silkworm-BEVS 1073:1085 silkworm-BEVS 1073:1085 silkworm-BEVS 1073:1085 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 3 46 dep in 638:639 arg1 vitro 641:645 vitro 641:645 vitro 641:645 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 1 47 theme medical 308:314 arg1 practice 316:323 medical practice 308:323 medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian 308:413 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 4 48 theme key 900:902 arg1 enzyme 904:909 a key enzyme 898:909 a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans 898:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 7 49 theme higher 1253:1258 arg1 activity 1282:1289 higher galactosyltransferase activity 1253:1289 higher galactosyltransferase activity 1253:1289 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 8 50 theme silk 1471:1474 arg1 gland 1476:1480 silkworm silk gland 1462:1480 silkworm silk gland 1462:1480 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 8 51 theme proteins 1421:1428 arg1 activity 1390:1397 the UDP-galactose transferase activity 1360:1397 the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1360:1428 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 7 52 theme cultured 1316:1323 arg1 cells 1335:1339 cultured mammalian cells 1316:1339 cultured mammalian cells 1316:1339 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 7 53 from serum 1237:1241 arg1 rhβ4GalT1 1213:1221 purified rhβ4GalT1 1204:1221 purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum 1204:1241 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 2 54 attach derived 518:524 arg1 insects 531:537 insects 531:537 insects 531:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 2 54 attach derived 518:524 arg2 glycoproteins 504:516 glycoproteins 504:516 glycoproteins derived from insects 504:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 1 55 theme Baculovirus 128:138 arg1 tool 209:212 a mass-production tool 191:212 a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian 191:413 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 55 theme Baculovirus 128:138 arg1 BEVS 166:169 BEVS 166:169 BEVS 166:169 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 55 theme Baculovirus 128:138 arg1 system 158:163 Baculovirus expression vector system 128:163 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 128:170 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 56 theme due 325:327 arg1 practice 316:323 medical practice 308:323 medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian 308:413 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 3 57 theme purified 693:700 arg1 glycosyltransferases 702:721 mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 675:721 mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 675:721 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 4 58 theme enzymes 822:828 arg1 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 741:767 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 741:769 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) 741:779 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 4 58 theme enzymes 822:828 arg1 enzymes 822:828 type II transmembrane enzymes 800:828 type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans 800:946 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 4 58 theme enzymes 822:828 arg1 one 793:795 one 793:795 one 793:795 β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. 28342150 1 59 theme expression 140:149 arg1 tool 209:212 a mass-production tool 191:212 a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian 191:413 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 59 theme expression 140:149 arg1 BEVS 166:169 BEVS 166:169 BEVS 166:169 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 59 theme expression 140:149 arg1 system 158:163 Baculovirus expression vector system 128:163 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 128:170 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 8 60 theme protein 1439:1445 arg1 subtracts 1447:1455 protein subtracts 1439:1455 protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland 1439:1480 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 8 61 theme produced 1402:1409 arg1 proteins 1421:1428 produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1402:1428 produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins 1402:1428 We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. 28342150 7 62 theme mammalian 1325:1333 arg1 cells 1335:1339 cultured mammalian cells 1316:1339 cultured mammalian cells 1316:1339 Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. 28342150 3 63 theme in 638:639 arg1 maturation 647:656 in vitro maturation 638:656 in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 638:721 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 1 64 theme vector 151:156 arg1 tool 209:212 a mass-production tool 191:212 a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian 191:413 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 64 theme vector 151:156 arg1 BEVS 166:169 BEVS 166:169 BEVS 166:169 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 64 theme vector 151:156 arg1 system 158:163 Baculovirus expression vector system 128:163 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 128:170 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 1 65 theme functional 225:234 arg1 glycoproteins 248:260 functional recombinant glycoproteins 225:260 functional recombinant glycoproteins 225:260 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 2 66 theme glycoproteins 504:516 arg1 structures 490:499 N-linked glycan structures 474:499 N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects 474:537 Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. 28342150 3 67 theme mass-produced 675:687 arg1 glycosyltransferases 702:721 mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 675:721 mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases 675:721 In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 9 68 from silkworms 1514:1522 arg1 rhβ4GalT1 1499:1507 rhβ4GalT1 1499:1507 rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms 1499:1522 Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans. 28342150 9 69 theme recombinant 1578:1588 arg1 glycoproteins 1590:1602 high-quality recombinant glycoproteins 1565:1602 high-quality recombinant glycoproteins 1565:1602 Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans. 28342150 1 70 theme recombinant 236:246 arg1 glycoproteins 248:260 functional recombinant glycoproteins 225:260 functional recombinant glycoproteins 225:260 Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. 28342150 5 71 theme large-scale 979:989 arg1 production 991:1000 a large-scale production 977:1000 a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) 977:1041 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 5 72 theme recombinant 1005:1015 arg1 β4GalT1 1023:1029 recombinant human β4GalT1 1005:1029 recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) 1005:1041 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 28342150 5 72 theme recombinant 1005:1015 arg1 rhβ4GalT1 1032:1040 rhβ4GalT1 1032:1040 rhβ4GalT1 1032:1040 In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm-BEVS. 24550397 8 0 theme donor 1424:1428 arg1 substrate 1430:1438 Platelet-secreted donor substrate 1406:1438 Platelet-secreted donor substrate 1406:1438 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 8 1 theme platelet 1591:1598 arg1 microparticles 1600:1613 platelet microparticles 1591:1613 platelet microparticles 1591:1613 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 7 2 theme acid 1246:1249 arg1 donor 1251:1255 the sialic acid donor 1235:1255 the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1235:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 8 3 theme soluble 1537:1543 arg1 substrate 1545:1553 this otherwise soluble substrate 1522:1553 this otherwise soluble substrate 1522:1553 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 2 4 theme sialic 537:542 arg1 acids 544:548 α2,6-linked sialic acids 525:548 α2,6-linked sialic acids 525:548 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 6 5 theme thrombin-activated 997:1014 arg1 platelets 1016:1024 thrombin-activated platelets 997:1024 thrombin-activated platelets 997:1024 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 7 6 theme α2,6 1342:1345 arg1 GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1356:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1326:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1326:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 7 7 theme Sia 1338:1340 arg1 GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1356:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1326:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1326:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 9 8 theme extracellular 1736:1748 arg1 glycosylation 1750:1762 extracellular glycosylation 1736:1762 extracellular glycosylation 1736:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 8 9 theme g 1471:1471 arg1 sediment 1473:1480 the 100,000 × g sediment 1457:1480 the 100,000 × g sediment 1457:1480 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 2 10 theme blood-borne 350:360 arg1 ST6Gal-1 362:369 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 346:369 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver 346:404 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 2 10 theme blood-borne 350:360 arg1 most 413:416 most 413:416 most 413:416 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 7 11 theme sialic 1239:1244 arg1 donor 1251:1255 the sialic acid donor 1235:1255 the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1235:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 1 12 theme extracellular 292:304 arg1 glycosylation 306:318 extracellular glycosylation 292:318 extracellular glycosylation 292:318 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 2 13 theme cell 570:573 arg1 production 575:584 blood cell production 564:584 blood cell production 564:584 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 9 14 theme glycosylation 1679:1691 arg1 substrate 1693:1701 glycosylation substrate 1679:1701 glycosylation substrate 1679:1701 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 4 15 theme glycosyltransferase 742:760 arg1 activity 762:769 glycosyltransferase activity 742:769 glycosyltransferase activity 742:769 Cargos of sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity have also been reported in platelets. 24550397 1 16 theme physiologic 179:189 arg1 contributions 191:203 their physiologic contributions 173:203 understanding their physiologic contributions 159:203 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 2 17 theme blood 564:568 arg1 production 575:584 blood cell production 564:584 blood cell production 564:584 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 7 18 theme Activated 1199:1207 arg1 platelets 1209:1217 Activated platelets 1199:1217 Activated platelets 1199:1217 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 1 19 theme Sizable 84:90 arg1 pools 92:96 Sizable pools 84:96 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases 84:139 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 4 20 theme donor 721:725 arg1 substrates 727:736 sugar donor substrates 715:736 sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity 715:769 Cargos of sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity have also been reported in platelets. 24550397 2 21 theme hematopoietic 489:501 arg1 cells 514:518 marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells 482:518 marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells 482:518 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 9 22 theme substrate 1693:1701 arg1 delivery 1667:1674 delivery 1667:1674 delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation 1667:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 1 23 dep understanding 159:171 arg1 contributions 191:203 their physiologic contributions 173:203 understanding their physiologic contributions 159:203 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 4 24 theme sugar 715:719 arg1 substrates 727:736 sugar donor substrates 715:736 sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity 715:769 Cargos of sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity have also been reported in platelets. 24550397 2 25 theme marrow 482:487 arg1 cells 514:518 marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells 482:518 marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells 482:518 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 7 26 theme synthetic 1274:1282 arg1 acceptor 1284:1291 the synthetic acceptor 1270:1291 the synthetic acceptor 1270:1291 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 2 27 link α2,6-linked 525:535 arg1 acids 544:548 α2,6-linked sialic acids 525:548 α2,6-linked sialic acids 525:548 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 2 28 dep ST6Gal-1 362:369 arg1 secreted 384:391 secreted 384:391 secreted by the liver 384:404 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 2 28 dep ST6Gal-1 362:369 arg1 produced 371:378 produced 371:378 produced 371:378 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 6 29 theme cell 1184:1187 arg1 surfaces 1189:1196 target cell surfaces 1177:1196 target cell surfaces 1177:1196 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 5 30 theme donor 926:930 arg1 substrate 932:940 the sugar donor substrate 916:940 the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function 916:979 Here, we implemented a cell-based system to interrogate platelets for their ability to deliver effectively the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function. 24550397 8 31 theme otherwise 1527:1535 arg1 substrate 1545:1553 this otherwise soluble substrate 1522:1553 this otherwise soluble substrate 1522:1553 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 9 32 theme glycosylation 1750:1762 arg1 sites 1727:1731 sites 1727:1731 sites of extracellular glycosylation 1727:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 9 32 theme glycosylation 1750:1762 arg1 glycosylation 1750:1762 extracellular glycosylation 1736:1762 extracellular glycosylation 1736:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 1 33 theme freely 101:106 arg1 glycosyltransferases 120:139 freely circulating glycosyltransferases 101:139 freely circulating glycosyltransferases 101:139 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 6 34 theme target 1177:1182 arg1 surfaces 1189:1196 target cell surfaces 1177:1196 target cell surfaces 1177:1196 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 0 35 theme extracellular 18:30 arg1 sialylation 32:42 extracellular sialylation 18:42 extracellular sialylation 18:42 Platelets support extracellular sialylation by supplying the sugar donor substrate. 24550397 6 36 from pH 1060:1061 arg1 platelets 1016:1024 thrombin-activated platelets 997:1024 thrombin-activated platelets 997:1024 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 8 37 theme substrate 1545:1553 arg1 association 1507:1517 the association 1503:1517 the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid 1503:1581 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 1 38 theme circulating 108:118 arg1 glycosyltransferases 120:139 freely circulating glycosyltransferases 101:139 freely circulating glycosyltransferases 101:139 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 8 39 dep substrate 1545:1553 arg1 acid 1578:1581 CMP-sialic acid 1567:1581 CMP-sialic acid 1567:1581 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 5 40 theme sugar 920:924 arg1 substrate 932:940 the sugar donor substrate 916:940 the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function 916:979 Here, we implemented a cell-based system to interrogate platelets for their ability to deliver effectively the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function. 24550397 2 41 theme α2,6-linked 525:535 arg1 acids 544:548 α2,6-linked sialic acids 525:548 α2,6-linked sialic acids 525:548 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 2 42 theme circulatory 434:444 arg1 glycosyltransferases 446:465 the circulatory glycosyltransferases 430:465 the circulatory glycosyltransferases 430:465 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 3 43 theme molecules 647:655 arg1 plethora 625:632 a plethora 623:632 a plethora of bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 623:702 Platelets, upon activation, secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. 24550397 1 44 theme functional 231:240 arg1 sources 242:248 functional sources 231:248 functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation 231:318 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 4 45 theme substrates 727:736 arg1 Cargos 705:710 Cargos 705:710 Cargos of sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity 705:769 Cargos of sugar donor substrates for glycosyltransferase activity have also been reported in platelets. 24550397 6 46 gly sialylation 1162:1172 arg1 surfaces 1189:1196 target cell surfaces 1177:1196 target cell surfaces 1177:1196 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 9 47 gly glycosylation 1750:1762 arg2 sites 1727:1731 sites 1727:1731 sites of extracellular glycosylation 1727:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 9 47 gly glycosylation 1750:1762 arg2 glycosylation 1750:1762 extracellular glycosylation 1736:1762 extracellular glycosylation 1736:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 9 48 theme excessive 1781:1789 arg1 dilution 1791:1798 excessive dilution 1781:1798 excessive dilution 1781:1798 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 6 49 theme surfaces 1189:1196 arg1 sialylation 1162:1172 extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation 1130:1172 extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces 1130:1196 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 0 50 theme sugar 61:65 arg1 substrate 73:81 the sugar donor substrate 57:81 the sugar donor substrate 57:81 Platelets support extracellular sialylation by supplying the sugar donor substrate. 24550397 7 51 theme GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1303:1318 arg1 acceptor 1284:1291 the synthetic acceptor 1270:1291 the synthetic acceptor 1270:1291 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 8 52 theme × 1469:1469 arg1 sediment 1473:1480 the 100,000 × g sediment 1457:1480 the 100,000 × g sediment 1457:1480 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 5 53 theme cell-based 832:841 arg1 system 843:848 a cell-based system 830:848 a cell-based system to interrogate platelets for their ability to deliver effectively the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function 830:979 Here, we implemented a cell-based system to interrogate platelets for their ability to deliver effectively the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function. 24550397 7 54 gly sialylate 1260:1268 arg1 acceptor 1284:1291 the synthetic acceptor 1270:1291 the synthetic acceptor 1270:1291 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 8 55 theme 100,000 1461:1467 arg1 sediment 1473:1480 the 100,000 × g sediment 1457:1480 the 100,000 × g sediment 1457:1480 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 1 56 theme glycosyltransferases 120:139 arg1 pools 92:96 Sizable pools 84:96 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases 84:139 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 2 57 theme progenitor 503:512 arg1 cells 514:518 marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells 482:518 marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells 482:518 The blood-borne ST6Gal-1 produced and secreted by the liver is the most noted among the circulatory glycosyltransferases, and decorates marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells with α2,6-linked sialic acids and restricts blood cell production. 24550397 6 58 theme physiologic 1030:1040 arg1 concentration 1042:1054 physiologic concentration 1030:1054 physiologic concentration 1030:1054 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 3 59 theme bioactive 637:645 arg1 molecules 647:655 bioactive molecules 637:655 bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 637:702 Platelets, upon activation, secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. 24550397 3 59 theme bioactive 637:645 arg1 mediators 694:702 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 667:702 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 667:702 Platelets, upon activation, secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. 24550397 9 60 theme effective 1706:1714 arg1 dosages 1716:1722 effective dosages 1706:1722 effective dosages 1706:1722 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 9 61 from dosages 1716:1722 arg1 delivery 1667:1674 delivery 1667:1674 delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation 1667:1762 Sequestration within microparticles may facilitate delivery of glycosylation substrate at effective dosages to sites of extracellular glycosylation while minimizing excessive dilution. 24550397 8 62 theme CMP-sialic 1567:1576 arg1 acid 1578:1581 CMP-sialic acid 1567:1581 CMP-sialic acid 1567:1581 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 3 63 theme anti-inflammatory 676:692 arg1 mediators 694:702 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 667:702 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 667:702 Platelets, upon activation, secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. 24550397 6 64 theme extracellular 1130:1142 arg1 sialylation 1162:1172 extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation 1130:1172 extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces 1130:1196 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 6 65 from concentration 1042:1054 arg1 platelets 1016:1024 thrombin-activated platelets 997:1024 thrombin-activated platelets 997:1024 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 7 66 theme β1,4 1351:1354 arg1 GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1356:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1326:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1326:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 1 67 theme sugar 253:257 arg1 substrates 265:274 sugar donor substrates 253:274 sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation 253:318 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 7 68 theme product 1330:1336 arg1 GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1356:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1326:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1326:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 6 69 theme ST6Gal-1-mediated 1144:1160 arg1 sialylation 1162:1172 extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation 1130:1172 extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces 1130:1196 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 3 70 theme pro- 667:670 arg1 mediators 694:702 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 667:702 pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators 667:702 Platelets, upon activation, secrete a plethora of bioactive molecules including pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. 24550397 8 71 theme Platelet-secreted 1406:1422 arg1 substrate 1430:1438 Platelet-secreted donor substrate 1406:1438 Platelet-secreted donor substrate 1406:1438 Platelet-secreted donor substrate was recovered in the 100,000 × g sediment, strongly suggesting the association of this otherwise soluble substrate, putatively CMP-sialic acid, within platelet microparticles. 24550397 5 72 theme extracellular 946:958 arg1 ST6Gal-1 960:967 extracellular ST6Gal-1 946:967 extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function 946:979 Here, we implemented a cell-based system to interrogate platelets for their ability to deliver effectively the sugar donor substrate for extracellular ST6Gal-1 to function. 24550397 1 73 theme donor 259:263 arg1 substrates 265:274 sugar donor substrates 253:274 sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation 253:318 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 24550397 0 74 theme donor 67:71 arg1 substrate 73:81 the sugar donor substrate 57:81 the sugar donor substrate 57:81 Platelets support extracellular sialylation by supplying the sugar donor substrate. 24550397 6 75 theme CMP-sialic 1111:1120 arg1 acid 1122:1125 CMP-sialic acid 1111:1125 CMP-sialic acid 1111:1125 We report that thrombin-activated platelets, at physiologic concentration and pH, can efficiently and effectively substitute for CMP-sialic acid in extracellular ST6Gal-1-mediated sialylation of target cell surfaces. 24550397 7 76 theme Gal 1347:1349 arg1 GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1356:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl 1326:1371 the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS 1326:1403 Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(α2,6)Gal(β1,4)GlcNAcα-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS. 24550397 1 77 theme substrates 265:274 arg1 sources 242:248 functional sources 231:248 functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation 231:318 Sizable pools of freely circulating glycosyltransferases are in blood, but understanding their physiologic contributions has been hampered because functional sources of sugar donor substrates needed to drive extracellular glycosylation have not been identified. 28279966 10 0 theme VWF 1489:1491 arg1 susceptibility 1493:1506 VWF susceptibility 1489:1506 VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 1489:1544 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 6 1 theme VWF 900:902 arg1 assay 923:927 the VWF vortex proteolysis assay 896:927 the VWF vortex proteolysis assay 896:927 We have adapted the VWF vortex proteolysis assay to allow for time-dependent shear exposure studies. 28279966 9 2 theme stress 1297:1302 arg1 conditions 1304:1313 shear stress conditions 1291:1313 shear stress conditions 1291:1313 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 8 3 theme A2 1267:1268 arg1 domain 1270:1275 the A2 domain 1263:1275 the A2 domain 1263:1275 Although both plasmin and ADAMTS13 cleave VWF in a shear-dependent manner, plasmin does not cleave at the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain. 28279966 0 4 theme Linker 66:71 arg1 Region 73:78 the A1-A2 Linker Region 56:78 the A1-A2 Linker Region 56:78 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 11 5 theme novel 1769:1773 arg1 therapies 1786:1794 novel adjunctive therapies 1769:1794 novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1769:1862 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 3 6 with metalloproteinase 487:503 arg1 motif 532:536 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 9 7 theme A1-A2 1439:1443 arg1 region 1452:1457 the VWF A1-A2 linker region 1431:1457 the VWF A1-A2 linker region 1431:1457 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 2 8 theme emerging 265:272 arg1 data 274:277 emerging data 265:277 emerging data 265:277 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 9 9 theme denaturants 1338:1348 arg1 presence 1326:1333 the presence 1322:1333 the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin 1322:1376 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 1 10 theme multimer 233:240 arg1 composition 242:252 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 11 11 theme thrombocytopenic 1839:1854 arg1 purpura 1856:1862 refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1817:1862 refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1817:1862 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 4 12 theme direct 744:749 arg1 importance 760:769 direct clinical importance 744:769 direct clinical importance 744:769 Consequently, elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which plasmin binds and cleaves VWF is not only of basic scientific interest but also of direct clinical importance. 28279966 4 13 theme basic 706:710 arg1 interest 723:730 basic scientific interest 706:730 basic scientific interest 706:730 Consequently, elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which plasmin binds and cleaves VWF is not only of basic scientific interest but also of direct clinical importance. 28279966 0 14 from K1491-R1492 41:51 arg1 Factor 31:36 Von Willebrand Factor 16:36 Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region 16:78 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 3 15 used used 433:436 arg2 plasmin 403:409 plasmin 403:409 plasmin 403:409 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 3 15 used used 433:436 arg2 alternative 444:454 an alternative 441:454 an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) 441:537 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 8 16 theme Tyr1605-Met1606 1218:1232 arg1 site 1255:1258 the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site 1214:1258 the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain 1214:1275 Although both plasmin and ADAMTS13 cleave VWF in a shear-dependent manner, plasmin does not cleave at the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain. 28279966 5 17 theme VWF 849:851 arg1 susceptibility 825:838 the susceptibility 821:838 the susceptibility of human VWF to proteolysis 821:866 Our aim was to investigate factors that modulate the susceptibility of human VWF to proteolysis by plasmin. 28279966 0 18 theme Shear- 85:90 arg1 Manner 113:118 a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner 83:118 a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner 83:118 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 9 19 theme shear 1291:1295 arg1 conditions 1304:1313 shear stress conditions 1291:1313 shear stress conditions 1291:1313 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 11 20 theme interaction 1716:1726 arg1 understanding 1683:1695 Improved understanding 1674:1695 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction 1674:1726 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 2 21 theme pathological 367:378 arg1 states 380:385 specific pathological states 358:385 specific pathological states 358:385 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 10 22 theme local 1562:1566 arg1 expression 1584:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 0 23 from Factor 31:36 arg1 Region 73:78 the A1-A2 Linker Region 56:78 the A1-A2 Linker Region 56:78 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 11 24 theme thrombotic 1828:1837 arg1 purpura 1856:1862 refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1817:1862 refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1817:1862 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 10 25 link N-linked 1568:1575 arg1 expression 1584:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 3 26 theme mouse 544:548 arg1 model 550:554 a mouse model 542:554 a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 542:593 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 3 27 theme type 525:528 arg1 motif 532:536 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 2 28 theme specific 358:365 arg1 states 380:385 specific pathological states 358:385 specific pathological states 358:385 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 6 29 theme exposure 963:970 arg1 studies 972:978 time-dependent shear exposure studies 942:978 time-dependent shear exposure studies 942:978 We have adapted the VWF vortex proteolysis assay to allow for time-dependent shear exposure studies. 28279966 3 30 with disintegrin 471:481 arg1 motif 532:536 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 2 31 from importance 344:353 arg1 states 380:385 specific pathological states 358:385 specific pathological states 358:385 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 4 32 theme clinical 751:758 arg1 importance 760:769 direct clinical importance 744:769 direct clinical importance 744:769 Consequently, elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which plasmin binds and cleaves VWF is not only of basic scientific interest but also of direct clinical importance. 28279966 8 33 from site 1255:1258 arg1 domain 1270:1275 the A2 domain 1263:1275 the A2 domain 1263:1275 Although both plasmin and ADAMTS13 cleave VWF in a shear-dependent manner, plasmin does not cleave at the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain. 28279966 0 34 theme Willebrand 20:29 arg1 Factor 31:36 Von Willebrand Factor 16:36 Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region 16:78 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 6 35 theme shear 957:961 arg1 studies 972:978 time-dependent shear exposure studies 942:978 time-dependent shear exposure studies 942:978 We have adapted the VWF vortex proteolysis assay to allow for time-dependent shear exposure studies. 28279966 9 36 theme K1491-R1492 1399:1409 arg1 bond 1419:1422 the K1491-R1492 peptide bond 1395:1422 the K1491-R1492 peptide bond 1395:1422 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 4 37 theme molecular 626:634 arg1 mechanisms 636:645 the molecular mechanisms 622:645 the molecular mechanisms through which plasmin binds and cleaves VWF 622:689 Consequently, elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which plasmin binds and cleaves VWF is not only of basic scientific interest but also of direct clinical importance. 28279966 0 38 theme Von 16:18 arg1 Factor 31:36 Von Willebrand Factor 16:36 Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region 16:78 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 6 39 theme time-dependent 942:955 arg1 studies 972:978 time-dependent shear exposure studies 942:978 time-dependent shear exposure studies 942:978 We have adapted the VWF vortex proteolysis assay to allow for time-dependent shear exposure studies. 28279966 0 40 theme Glycan-Dependent 96:111 arg1 Manner 113:118 a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner 83:118 a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner 83:118 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 8 41 theme ADAMTS13 1234:1241 arg1 site 1255:1258 the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site 1214:1258 the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain 1214:1275 Although both plasmin and ADAMTS13 cleave VWF in a shear-dependent manner, plasmin does not cleave at the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain. 28279966 10 42 theme plasmin 1511:1517 arg1 proteolysis 1519:1529 plasmin proteolysis 1511:1529 plasmin proteolysis 1511:1529 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 10 43 theme A1 1663:1664 arg1 domain 1666:1671 the A1 domain 1659:1671 the A1 domain 1659:1671 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 11 44 theme purpura 1856:1862 arg1 treatment 1804:1812 the treatment 1800:1812 the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1800:1862 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 3 45 theme thrombocytopenic 570:585 arg1 purpura 587:593 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 559:593 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 559:593 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 9 46 theme peptide 1411:1417 arg1 bond 1419:1422 the K1491-R1492 peptide bond 1395:1422 the K1491-R1492 peptide bond 1395:1422 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 10 47 theme N-linked 1568:1575 arg1 expression 1584:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 7 48 theme static 1046:1051 arg1 conditions 1053:1062 static conditions 1046:1062 static conditions 1046:1062 We show that globular VWF is resistant to plasmin cleavage under static conditions, but is readily cleaved by plasmin under shear. 28279966 9 49 theme VWF 1435:1437 arg1 region 1452:1457 the VWF A1-A2 linker region 1431:1457 the VWF A1-A2 linker region 1431:1457 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 3 50 theme purpura 587:593 arg1 model 550:554 a mouse model 542:554 a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 542:593 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 1 51 theme plasma 198:203 arg1 factor 220:225 plasma von Willebrand factor 198:225 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 1 51 theme plasma 198:203 arg1 VWF 228:230 VWF 228:230 VWF 228:230 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 10 52 theme glycan 1577:1582 arg1 expression 1584:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 local N-linked glycan expression 1562:1593 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 11 53 theme refractory 1817:1826 arg1 purpura 1856:1862 refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1817:1862 refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1817:1862 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 7 54 theme plasmin 1023:1029 arg1 cleavage 1031:1038 plasmin cleavage 1023:1038 plasmin cleavage 1023:1038 We show that globular VWF is resistant to plasmin cleavage under static conditions, but is readily cleaved by plasmin under shear. 28279966 2 55 theme VWF 323:325 arg1 cleavage 311:318 plasmin-induced cleavage 295:318 plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF 295:325 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 2 56 theme particular 333:342 arg1 importance 344:353 particular importance 333:353 particular importance 333:353 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 3 57 theme thrombotic 559:568 arg1 purpura 587:593 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 559:593 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 559:593 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 9 58 theme linker 1445:1450 arg1 region 1452:1457 the VWF A1-A2 linker region 1431:1457 the VWF A1-A2 linker region 1431:1457 Rather under shear stress conditions, or in the presence of denaturants, such as urea or ristocetin, plasmin cleaves the K1491-R1492 peptide bond within the VWF A1-A2 linker region. 28279966 6 59 theme proteolysis 911:921 arg1 assay 923:927 the VWF vortex proteolysis assay 896:927 the VWF vortex proteolysis assay 896:927 We have adapted the VWF vortex proteolysis assay to allow for time-dependent shear exposure studies. 28279966 11 60 theme adjunctive 1775:1784 arg1 therapies 1786:1794 novel adjunctive therapies 1769:1794 novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 1769:1862 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 7 61 theme globular 994:1001 arg1 VWF 1003:1005 globular VWF 994:1005 globular VWF 994:1005 We show that globular VWF is resistant to plasmin cleavage under static conditions, but is readily cleaved by plasmin under shear. 28279966 4 62 theme scientific 712:721 arg1 interest 723:730 basic scientific interest 706:730 basic scientific interest 706:730 Consequently, elucidating the molecular mechanisms through which plasmin binds and cleaves VWF is not only of basic scientific interest but also of direct clinical importance. 28279966 1 63 theme von 205:207 arg1 factor 220:225 plasma von Willebrand factor 198:225 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 1 63 theme von 205:207 arg1 VWF 228:230 VWF 228:230 VWF 228:230 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 10 64 from K1491-R1492 1534:1544 arg1 susceptibility 1493:1506 VWF susceptibility 1489:1506 VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 1489:1544 Finally, we demonstrate that VWF susceptibility to plasmin proteolysis at K1491-R1492 is modulated by local N-linked glycan expression within A1A2A3, and specifically inhibited by heparin binding to the A1 domain. 28279966 3 65 dep ADAMTS13 459:466 arg1 metalloproteinase 487:503 metalloproteinase 487:503 metalloproteinase 487:503 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 3 65 dep ADAMTS13 459:466 arg1 disintegrin 471:481 a disintegrin 469:481 a disintegrin 469:481 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 2 66 theme plasmin-induced 295:309 arg1 cleavage 311:318 plasmin-induced cleavage 295:318 plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF 295:325 Moreover, emerging data have shown that plasmin-induced cleavage of VWF is of particular importance in specific pathological states. 28279966 1 67 theme Willebrand 209:218 arg1 factor 220:225 plasma von Willebrand factor 198:225 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 1 67 theme Willebrand 209:218 arg1 VWF 228:230 VWF 228:230 VWF 228:230 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 0 68 theme A1-A2 60:64 arg1 Region 73:78 the A1-A2 Linker Region 56:78 the A1-A2 Linker Region 56:78 Plasmin Cleaves Von Willebrand Factor at K1491-R1492 in the A1-A2 Linker Region in a Shear- and Glycan-Dependent Manner In Vitro. 28279966 5 69 theme human 843:847 arg1 VWF 849:851 human VWF 843:851 human VWF 843:851 Our aim was to investigate factors that modulate the susceptibility of human VWF to proteolysis by plasmin. 28279966 8 70 theme proteolytic 1243:1253 arg1 site 1255:1258 the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site 1214:1258 the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain 1214:1275 Although both plasmin and ADAMTS13 cleave VWF in a shear-dependent manner, plasmin does not cleave at the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain. 28279966 11 71 theme Improved 1674:1681 arg1 understanding 1683:1695 Improved understanding 1674:1695 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction 1674:1726 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 3 72 theme thrombospondin 510:523 arg1 type 525:528 thrombospondin type 1 510:530 thrombospondin type 1 motif 510:536 Interestingly, plasmin has been successfully used as an alternative to ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) in a mouse model of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 1 73 theme factor 220:225 arg1 composition 242:252 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition 198:252 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 11 74 theme exciting 1735:1742 arg1 opportunities 1744:1756 exciting opportunities 1735:1756 exciting opportunities 1735:1756 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 28279966 6 75 theme vortex 904:909 arg1 assay 923:927 the VWF vortex proteolysis assay 896:927 the VWF vortex proteolysis assay 896:927 We have adapted the VWF vortex proteolysis assay to allow for time-dependent shear exposure studies. 28279966 8 76 theme shear-dependent 1163:1177 arg1 manner 1179:1184 a shear-dependent manner 1161:1184 a shear-dependent manner 1161:1184 Although both plasmin and ADAMTS13 cleave VWF in a shear-dependent manner, plasmin does not cleave at the Tyr1605-Met1606 ADAMTS13 proteolytic site in the A2 domain. 28279966 1 77 theme Previous 130:137 arg1 studies 139:145 Previous studies 130:145 Previous studies 130:145 Previous studies have demonstrated a role for plasmin in regulating plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer composition. 28279966 11 78 theme plasmin-VWF 1704:1714 arg1 interaction 1716:1726 the plasmin-VWF interaction 1700:1726 the plasmin-VWF interaction 1700:1726 Improved understanding of the plasmin-VWF interaction offers exciting opportunities to develop novel adjunctive therapies for the treatment of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. 23934913 4 0 theme noncomplex-type 444:458 arg1 N-glycosylation 460:474 uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation 436:474 uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation 436:474 We showed that bPLBD1 has uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation and that it localized to the lysosome. 23934913 7 1 theme key 977:979 arg1 residue 981:987 a key residue 975:987 a key residue 975:987 Our model suggests that N408 is the primarily phosphorylated glycan, and K358 a key residue for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 6 2 from lysines 844:850 arg1 bPLBD1 855:860 bPLBD1 855:860 bPLBD1 855:860 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 6 2 from lysines 844:850 arg1 PLBD2 890:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 8 3 theme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase 1118:1157 arg1 recognition 1159:1169 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition 1118:1169 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition 1118:1169 Two other lysines, K334 and K342, provide the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 11 4 theme good 1624:1627 arg1 substrate 1629:1637 a good substrate 1622:1637 a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family 1622:1672 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 3 5 theme gene 221:224 arg1 annotation 226:235 gene annotation 221:235 gene annotation 221:235 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 10 6 theme substrate 1406:1414 arg1 rest 1394:1397 the rest 1390:1397 the rest of the substrate 1390:1414 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 11 7 theme amide 1499:1503 arg1 bonds 1505:1509 amide bonds 1499:1509 amide bonds 1499:1509 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 11 8 theme PLBD 1662:1665 arg1 family 1667:1672 the PLBD family 1658:1672 the PLBD family 1658:1672 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 5 9 theme protein 714:720 arg1 surface 722:728 the protein surface 710:728 the protein surface 710:728 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 7 10 theme phosphorylated 943:956 arg1 glycan 958:963 the primarily phosphorylated glycan 929:963 the primarily phosphorylated glycan 929:963 Our model suggests that N408 is the primarily phosphorylated glycan, and K358 a key residue for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 7 10 theme phosphorylated 943:956 arg1 N408 921:924 N408 921:924 N408 921:924 Our model suggests that N408 is the primarily phosphorylated glycan, and K358 a key residue for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 6 11 theme N-glycosylation 818:832 arg1 sites 834:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 10 12 theme acyl 1287:1290 arg1 moiety 1292:1297 the acyl moiety 1283:1297 the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate 1283:1316 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 10 12 theme acyl 1287:1290 arg1 small 1326:1330 small 1326:1330 small 1326:1330 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 10 13 theme other 1244:1248 arg1 Ntn-hydrolases 1250:1263 other Ntn-hydrolases 1244:1263 other Ntn-hydrolases 1244:1263 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 11 14 theme lipase 1577:1582 arg1 peptidase 1556:1564 peptidase 1556:1564 peptidase 1556:1564 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 11 14 theme lipase 1577:1582 arg1 amidase 1545:1551 amidase 1545:1551 amidase 1545:1551 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 6 15 theme conserved 808:816 arg1 sites 834:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 5 16 from lysines 699:705 arg1 surface 722:728 the protein surface 710:728 the protein surface 710:728 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 9 17 theme N-terminal 1185:1194 arg1 Ntn 1209:1211 Ntn 1209:1211 Ntn 1209:1211 bPLBD1 is an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase. 23934913 9 17 theme N-terminal 1185:1194 arg1 nucleophile 1196:1206 N-terminal nucleophile 1185:1206 an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase 1182:1222 bPLBD1 is an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase. 23934913 10 18 with comparison 1228:1237 arg1 Ntn-hydrolases 1250:1263 other Ntn-hydrolases 1244:1263 other Ntn-hydrolases 1244:1263 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 2 19 from kidneys 209:215 arg1 homogeneity 185:195 homogeneity 185:195 homogeneity from bovine kidneys 185:215 We purified a novel lysosomal protein to homogeneity from bovine kidneys. 23934913 4 20 theme uniform 436:442 arg1 N-glycosylation 460:474 uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation 436:474 uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation 436:474 We showed that bPLBD1 has uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation and that it localized to the lysosome. 23934913 5 21 theme mannose-6-phosphorylation 580:604 arg1 step 525:528 The first step 515:528 The first step in lysosomal protein transport 515:559 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 5 21 theme mannose-6-phosphorylation 580:604 arg1 initiation 566:575 the initiation 562:575 the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase 562:650 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 10 22 theme open 1427:1430 arg1 space 1380:1384 the space 1376:1384 the space for the rest of the substrate 1376:1414 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 10 22 theme open 1427:1430 arg1 cleft 1432:1436 a large open cleft 1419:1436 a large open cleft 1419:1436 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 1 23 theme main 69:72 arg1 function 74:81 The main function 65:81 The main function of lysosomal proteins 65:103 The main function of lysosomal proteins is to degrade cellular macromolecules. 23934913 3 24 theme Å 396:396 arg1 resolution 398:407 1.9 Å resolution 392:407 1.9 Å resolution 392:407 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 25 theme biological 344:353 arg1 function 355:362 its biological function 340:362 its biological function 340:362 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 6 26 theme mouse 884:888 arg1 PLBD2 890:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 6 27 theme structural 780:789 arg1 sites 834:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 10 28 theme substrate 1308:1316 arg1 moiety 1292:1297 the acyl moiety 1283:1297 the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate 1283:1316 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 10 28 theme substrate 1308:1316 arg1 small 1326:1330 small 1326:1330 small 1326:1330 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 6 29 from sites 834:838 arg1 bPLBD1 855:860 bPLBD1 855:860 bPLBD1 855:860 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 6 29 from sites 834:838 arg1 PLBD2 890:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 5 30 theme lysosomal 533:541 arg1 transport 551:559 lysosomal protein transport 533:559 lysosomal protein transport 533:559 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 10 31 theme putative 1343:1350 arg1 pocket 1360:1365 the putative binding pocket 1339:1365 the putative binding pocket 1339:1365 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 8 32 theme other 1051:1055 arg1 K342 1075:1078 K342 1075:1078 K342 1075:1078 Two other lysines, K334 and K342, provide the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 8 32 theme other 1051:1055 arg1 K334 1066:1069 K334 1066:1069 K334 1066:1069 Two other lysines, K334 and K342, provide the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 8 32 theme other 1051:1055 arg1 lysines 1057:1063 Two other lysines 1047:1063 Two other lysines 1047:1063 Two other lysines, K334 and K342, provide the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 0 33 theme lysosomal 14:22 arg1 protein 45:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein 3:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase 3:62 Is the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase? 23934913 5 34 theme distinct 690:697 arg1 lysines 699:705 at least two distinct lysines 677:705 at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface 677:728 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 5 35 theme protein 543:549 arg1 transport 551:559 lysosomal protein transport 533:559 lysosomal protein transport 533:559 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 1 36 theme lysosomal 86:94 arg1 proteins 96:103 lysosomal proteins 86:103 lysosomal proteins 86:103 The main function of lysosomal proteins is to degrade cellular macromolecules. 23934913 11 37 theme known 1459:1463 arg1 substrates 1465:1474 all the known substrates 1451:1474 all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases 1451:1492 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 0 38 theme bovine 7:12 arg1 protein 45:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein 3:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase 3:62 Is the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase? 23934913 5 39 theme lysines 699:705 arg1 recognition 662:672 recognition 662:672 recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface 662:728 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 6 40 theme homologous 873:882 arg1 PLBD2 890:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 the homologous mouse PLBD2 869:894 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 1 41 theme proteins 96:103 arg1 function 74:81 The main function 65:81 The main function of lysosomal proteins 65:103 The main function of lysosomal proteins is to degrade cellular macromolecules. 23934913 10 42 theme large 1421:1425 arg1 space 1380:1384 the space 1376:1384 the space for the rest of the substrate 1376:1414 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 10 42 theme large 1421:1425 arg1 cleft 1432:1436 a large open cleft 1419:1436 a large open cleft 1419:1436 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 0 43 theme B-like 38:43 arg1 protein 45:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein 3:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase 3:62 Is the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase? 23934913 2 44 theme lysosomal 164:172 arg1 protein 174:180 a novel lysosomal protein 156:180 a novel lysosomal protein 156:180 We purified a novel lysosomal protein to homogeneity from bovine kidneys. 23934913 11 45 theme family 1667:1672 arg1 members 1647:1653 any members 1643:1653 any members of the PLBD family 1643:1672 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 0 46 theme phospholipase 24:36 arg1 protein 45:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein 3:51 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase 3:62 Is the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase? 23934913 6 47 gly N-glycosylation 818:832 arg2 sites 834:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites 776:838 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 8 48 theme second 1102:1107 arg1 site 1109:1112 the required second site 1089:1112 the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition 1089:1169 Two other lysines, K334 and K342, provide the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 2 49 theme novel 158:162 arg1 protein 174:180 a novel lysosomal protein 156:180 a novel lysosomal protein 156:180 We purified a novel lysosomal protein to homogeneity from bovine kidneys. 23934913 0 50 dep protein 45:51 arg1 amidase 56:62 an amidase 53:62 the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase 3:62 Is the bovine lysosomal phospholipase B-like protein an amidase? 23934913 5 51 from recognition 662:672 arg1 surface 722:728 the protein surface 710:728 the protein surface 710:728 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 3 52 theme B-like 288:293 arg1 bPLBD1 306:311 bPLBD1 306:311 bPLBD1 306:311 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 52 theme B-like 288:293 arg1 structure 379:387 its structure 375:387 its structure 375:387 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 52 theme B-like 288:293 arg1 protein 243:249 this protein 238:249 this protein 238:249 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 52 theme B-like 288:293 arg1 protein 295:301 a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 265:303 a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) 265:312 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 5 53 from surface 722:728 arg1 recognition 662:672 recognition 662:672 recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface 662:728 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 7 54 theme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase 993:1032 arg1 recognition 1034:1044 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition 993:1044 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition 993:1044 Our model suggests that N408 is the primarily phosphorylated glycan, and K358 a key residue for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 4 55 contain has 432:434 arg2 N-glycosylation 460:474 uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation 436:474 uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation 436:474 We showed that bPLBD1 has uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation and that it localized to the lysosome. 23934913 4 55 contain has 432:434 arg1 bPLBD1 425:430 bPLBD1 425:430 bPLBD1 425:430 We showed that bPLBD1 has uniform noncomplex-type N-glycosylation and that it localized to the lysosome. 23934913 8 56 theme required 1093:1100 arg1 site 1109:1112 the required second site 1089:1112 the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition 1089:1169 Two other lysines, K334 and K342, provide the required second site for N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase recognition. 23934913 2 57 theme bovine 202:207 arg1 kidneys 209:215 bovine kidneys 202:215 bovine kidneys 202:215 We purified a novel lysosomal protein to homogeneity from bovine kidneys. 23934913 6 58 theme candidate 745:753 arg1 lysines 755:761 candidate lysines 745:761 candidate lysines 745:761 We identified candidate lysines by analyzing the structural and sequentially conserved N-glycosylation sites and lysines in bPLBD1 and in the homologous mouse PLBD2. 23934913 11 59 theme Ntn-hydrolases 1479:1492 arg1 substrates 1465:1474 all the known substrates 1451:1474 all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases 1451:1492 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 3 60 theme bovine 267:272 arg1 bPLBD1 306:311 bPLBD1 306:311 bPLBD1 306:311 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 60 theme bovine 267:272 arg1 structure 379:387 its structure 375:387 its structure 375:387 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 60 theme bovine 267:272 arg1 protein 243:249 this protein 238:249 this protein 238:249 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 60 theme bovine 267:272 arg1 protein 295:301 a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 265:303 a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) 265:312 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 5 61 theme first 519:523 arg1 step 525:528 The first step 515:528 The first step in lysosomal protein transport 515:559 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 5 61 theme first 519:523 arg1 initiation 566:575 the initiation 562:575 the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase 562:650 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 5 62 from step 525:528 arg1 transport 551:559 lysosomal protein transport 533:559 lysosomal protein transport 533:559 The first step in lysosomal protein transport, the initiation of mannose-6-phosphorylation by a N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, requires recognition of at least two distinct lysines on the protein surface. 23934913 3 63 theme phospholipase 274:286 arg1 bPLBD1 306:311 bPLBD1 306:311 bPLBD1 306:311 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 63 theme phospholipase 274:286 arg1 structure 379:387 its structure 375:387 its structure 375:387 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 63 theme phospholipase 274:286 arg1 protein 243:249 this protein 238:249 this protein 238:249 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 3 63 theme phospholipase 274:286 arg1 protein 295:301 a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 265:303 a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) 265:312 By gene annotation, this protein is defined as a bovine phospholipase B-like protein 1 (bPLBD1) and, to better understand its biological function, we solved its structure at 1.9 Å resolution. 23934913 11 64 contain have 1494:1497 arg1 substrates 1465:1474 all the known substrates 1451:1474 all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases 1451:1492 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 11 64 contain have 1494:1497 arg2 bonds 1505:1509 amide bonds 1499:1509 amide bonds 1499:1509 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 9 65 theme nucleophile 1196:1206 arg1 hydrolase 1214:1222 an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase 1182:1222 an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase 1182:1222 bPLBD1 is an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase. 23934913 9 65 theme nucleophile 1196:1206 arg1 bPLBD1 1172:1177 bPLBD1 1172:1177 bPLBD1 1172:1177 bPLBD1 is an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase. 23934913 1 66 theme cellular 119:126 arg1 macromolecules 128:141 cellular macromolecules 119:141 cellular macromolecules 119:141 The main function of lysosomal proteins is to degrade cellular macromolecules. 23934913 10 67 theme binding 1352:1358 arg1 pocket 1360:1365 the putative binding pocket 1339:1365 the putative binding pocket 1339:1365 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 23934913 11 68 dep amidase 1545:1551 arg1 an 1542:1543 an 1542:1543 an 1542:1543 Finally, as all the known substrates of Ntn-hydrolases have amide bonds, we suggest that bPLBD1 may be an amidase or peptidase instead of lipase, explaining the difficulty in finding a good substrate for any members of the PLBD family. 23934913 10 69 theme PLBD1 1302:1306 arg1 substrate 1308:1316 PLBD1 substrate 1302:1316 PLBD1 substrate 1302:1316 By comparison with other Ntn-hydrolases, we conclude that the acyl moiety of PLBD1 substrate must be small to fit the putative binding pocket, whereas the space for the rest of the substrate is a large open cleft. 26524514 0 0 theme distinct 69:76 arg1 topology 60:67 a surface topology 50:67 a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species 50:105 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 6 1 theme VP4 914:916 arg1 foot 918:921 a smaller RVC VP4 foot 900:921 a smaller RVC VP4 foot 900:921 In addition, our results showed a smaller RVC VP4 foot, which protrudes toward the intermediate VP6 layer, in comparison to that of RVA. 26524514 5 2 from variations 763:772 arg1 patterns 795:802 the glycosylation patterns 777:802 the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids 777:819 We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. 26524514 2 3 theme TLP 338:340 arg1 structures 343:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 6 4 theme smaller 902:908 arg1 foot 918:921 a smaller RVC VP4 foot 900:921 a smaller RVC VP4 foot 900:921 In addition, our results showed a smaller RVC VP4 foot, which protrudes toward the intermediate VP6 layer, in comparison to that of RVA. 26524514 2 5 theme RVC 427:429 arg1 capsid 441:446 the human RVC (Bristol) capsid 417:446 the human RVC (Bristol) capsid 417:446 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 3 6 theme antigenic 606:614 arg1 properties 616:625 its antigenic properties 602:625 its antigenic properties 602:625 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 1 7 theme sporadic 133:140 arg1 gastroenteritis 142:156 sporadic gastroenteritis 133:156 sporadic gastroenteritis in adults 133:166 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 0 8 theme other 83:87 arg1 species 99:105 other rotavirus species 83:105 other rotavirus species 83:105 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 4 9 attach presence 652:659 arg1 RVC 691:693 RVC 691:693 RVC 691:693 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 4 9 attach presence 652:659 arg2 loop 683:686 a surface extended loop 664:686 a surface extended loop 664:686 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 3 10 theme Comparative 449:459 arg1 analysis 461:468 Comparative analysis 449:468 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins 449:499 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 7 11 theme recognition 1081:1091 arg1 sites 1093:1097 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 4 12 theme surface 666:672 arg1 loop 683:686 a surface extended loop 664:686 a surface extended loop 664:686 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 5 13 theme specific 842:849 arg1 sites 861:865 group specific conserved sites 836:865 group specific conserved sites 836:865 We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. 26524514 3 14 theme RVC 481:483 arg1 proteins 492:499 RVA and RVC capsid proteins 473:499 RVA and RVC capsid proteins 473:499 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 2 15 theme cell 252:255 arg1 culture 257:263 cell culture 252:263 cell culture 252:263 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 3 16 from layer 537:541 arg1 differences 514:524 major differences 508:524 major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties 508:625 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 0 17 theme rotavirus 89:97 arg1 species 99:105 other rotavirus species 83:105 other rotavirus species 83:105 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 5 18 theme RV 810:811 arg1 capsids 813:819 RV capsids 810:819 RV capsids 810:819 We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. 26524514 2 19 theme human 421:425 arg1 Bristol 432:438 Bristol 432:438 Bristol 432:438 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 2 19 theme human 421:425 arg1 RVC 427:429 human RVC 421:429 the human RVC (Bristol) capsid 417:446 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 7 20 theme * 1072:1072 arg1 sites 1093:1097 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 3 21 theme RVA 473:475 arg1 proteins 492:499 RVA and RVC capsid proteins 473:499 RVA and RVC capsid proteins 473:499 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 4 22 theme extended 674:681 arg1 loop 683:686 a surface extended loop 664:686 a surface extended loop 664:686 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 6 23 theme VP6 964:966 arg1 layer 968:972 the intermediate VP6 layer 947:972 the intermediate VP6 layer 947:972 In addition, our results showed a smaller RVC VP4 foot, which protrudes toward the intermediate VP6 layer, in comparison to that of RVA. 26524514 2 24 theme capsid 391:396 arg1 structure 398:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 3 25 theme due 595:597 arg1 development 583:593 vaccine development 575:593 vaccine development due to its antigenic properties 575:625 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 3 26 theme major 508:512 arg1 differences 514:524 major differences 508:524 major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties 508:625 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 3 27 theme vaccine 575:581 arg1 development 583:593 vaccine development 575:593 vaccine development due to its antigenic properties 575:625 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 0 28 theme rotavirus 16:24 arg1 capsid 34:39 the rotavirus group C capsid 12:39 the rotavirus group C capsid 12:39 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 3 29 theme capsid 485:490 arg1 proteins 492:499 RVA and RVC capsid proteins 473:499 RVA and RVC capsid proteins 473:499 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 2 30 theme RVA 386:388 arg1 structure 398:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 5 31 theme conserved 851:859 arg1 sites 861:865 group specific conserved sites 836:865 group specific conserved sites 836:865 We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. 26524514 3 32 theme proteins 492:499 arg1 analysis 461:468 Comparative analysis 449:468 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins 449:499 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 2 33 theme A 383:383 arg1 structure 398:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 0 34 theme C 32:32 arg1 capsid 34:39 the rotavirus group C capsid 12:39 the rotavirus group C capsid 12:39 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 2 35 theme RVC 309:311 arg1 structures 343:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 2 36 theme Rotavirus 373:381 arg1 structure 398:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 4 37 theme antigenic 721:729 arg1 site 731:734 a major antigenic site 713:734 a major antigenic site on the capsid 713:748 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 6 38 theme intermediate 951:962 arg1 layer 968:972 the intermediate VP6 layer 947:972 the intermediate VP6 layer 947:972 In addition, our results showed a smaller RVC VP4 foot, which protrudes toward the intermediate VP6 layer, in comparison to that of RVA. 26524514 1 39 theme established 178:188 arg1 pathogen 198:205 an established enteric pathogen 175:205 an established enteric pathogen of swine 175:214 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 0 40 theme group 26:30 arg1 capsid 34:39 the rotavirus group C capsid 12:39 the rotavirus group C capsid 12:39 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 3 41 theme target 557:562 arg1 region 564:569 an important target region 544:569 an important target region 544:569 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 3 41 theme target 557:562 arg1 layer 537:541 the VP7 layer 529:541 the VP7 layer 529:541 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 3 42 theme VP7 533:535 arg1 region 564:569 an important target region 544:569 an important target region 544:569 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 3 42 theme VP7 533:535 arg1 layer 537:541 the VP7 layer 529:541 the VP7 layer 529:541 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 1 43 theme enteric 190:196 arg1 pathogen 198:205 an established enteric pathogen 175:205 an established enteric pathogen of swine 175:214 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 5 44 theme glycosylation 781:793 arg1 patterns 795:802 the glycosylation patterns 777:802 the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids 777:819 We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. 26524514 4 45 theme loop 683:686 arg1 presence 652:659 the presence 648:659 the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid 648:748 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 4 46 from site 731:734 arg1 capsid 743:748 the capsid 739:748 the capsid 739:748 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 2 47 theme triple-layered-particle 313:335 arg1 structures 343:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 0 48 theme capsid 34:39 arg1 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid 0:39 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 7 49 theme VP8 1069:1071 arg1 * 1072:1072 VP8* 1069:1072 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 0 50 from species 99:105 arg1 distinct 69:76 distinct 69:76 distinct 69:76 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 7 51 theme glycan 1074:1079 arg1 sites 1093:1097 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1065:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 1 52 theme Rotavirus 108:116 arg1 C 118:118 Rotavirus C 108:118 Rotavirus C (RVC) 108:124 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 1 52 theme Rotavirus 108:116 arg1 RVC 121:123 RVC 121:123 RVC 121:123 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 4 53 from presence 652:659 arg1 RVC 691:693 RVC 691:693 RVC 691:693 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 7 54 theme major 1033:1037 arg1 differences 1050:1060 major structural differences 1033:1060 major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1033:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 7 55 from sites 1093:1097 arg1 differences 1050:1060 major structural differences 1033:1060 major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1033:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 4 56 theme major 715:719 arg1 site 731:734 a major antigenic site 713:734 a major antigenic site on the capsid 713:748 Our model predicted the presence of a surface extended loop in RVC, which could form a major antigenic site on the capsid. 26524514 2 57 theme virion-derived 294:307 arg1 structures 343:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 1 58 from gastroenteritis 142:156 arg1 adults 161:166 adults 161:166 adults 161:166 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 3 59 theme important 547:555 arg1 region 564:569 an important target region 544:569 an important target region 544:569 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 3 59 theme important 547:555 arg1 layer 537:541 the VP7 layer 529:541 the VP7 layer 529:541 Comparative analysis of RVA and RVC capsid proteins showed major differences at the VP7 layer, an important target region for vaccine development due to its antigenic properties. 26524514 5 60 theme group 836:840 arg1 sites 861:865 group specific conserved sites 836:865 group specific conserved sites 836:865 We analyzed variations in the glycosylation patterns among RV capsids and identified group specific conserved sites. 26524514 0 61 theme surface 52:58 arg1 topology 60:67 a surface topology 50:67 a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species 50:105 Modeling of the rotavirus group C capsid predicts a surface topology distinct from other rotavirus species. 26524514 2 62 theme known 367:371 arg1 structure 398:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure 363:406 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 2 63 theme RVC 225:227 arg1 strains 229:235 RVC strains 225:235 RVC strains 225:235 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 2 64 theme structures 343:352 arg1 generation 280:289 generation 280:289 generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 280:352 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 1 65 theme swine 210:214 arg1 pathogen 198:205 an established enteric pathogen 175:205 an established enteric pathogen of swine 175:214 Rotavirus C (RVC) causes sporadic gastroenteritis in adults and is an established enteric pathogen of swine. 26524514 2 66 link virion-derived 294:307 arg1 structures 343:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures 294:352 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 7 67 theme structural 1039:1048 arg1 differences 1050:1060 major structural differences 1033:1060 major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites 1033:1097 Finally, our results showed major structural differences at the VP8* glycan recognition sites. 26524514 2 68 used used 358:361 arg2 we 355:356 we 355:356 we 355:356 Because RVC strains grow poorly in cell culture, which hinders generation of virion-derived RVC triple-layered-particle (TLP) structures, we used the known Rotavirus A (RVA) capsid structure to model the human RVC (Bristol) capsid. 26524514 6 69 theme RVC 910:912 arg1 foot 918:921 a smaller RVC VP4 foot 900:921 a smaller RVC VP4 foot 900:921 In addition, our results showed a smaller RVC VP4 foot, which protrudes toward the intermediate VP6 layer, in comparison to that of RVA. 26503547 4 0 theme diffraction 1034:1044 arg1 analysis 1046:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis 1013:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1013:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 1 1 theme kDa 475:477 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 1 theme kDa 475:477 arg1 receptor 516:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 2 theme mannose 496:502 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 2 theme mannose 496:502 arg1 receptor 516:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 3 with fragment 621:628 arg1 specificity 635:645 specificity 635:645 specificity for Man6P monosaccharide 635:670 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 3 4 theme diphosphorylated 979:994 arg1 structures 1001:1010 mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures 970:1010 mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures 970:1010 In contrast to MPR300, scFv M6P-1 does not bind phosphodiesters, monophosphorylated Man8 or mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures. 26503547 2 5 theme diphosphorylated 787:802 arg1 Man6 804:807 mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans 777:824 Man6 804:807 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 1 6 from apparatus 333:341 arg1 transport 308:316 their transport 302:316 their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46) 302:531 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 5 7 theme second 1346:1351 arg1 pKa 1353:1355 the second pKa 1342:1355 the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1) 1342:1376 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 2 8 theme Man6P 651:655 arg1 monosaccharide 657:670 Man6P monosaccharide 651:670 Man6P monosaccharide 651:670 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 9 theme mono- 777:781 arg1 Man6 804:807 mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans 777:824 Man6 804:807 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 4 10 theme M6P-1 1081:1085 arg1 resolution 1064:1073 2.7 Å resolution 1058:1073 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1058:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 0 11 theme branch-specific 157:171 arg1 manner† 173:179 a branch-specific manner† 155:179 a branch-specific manner† 155:179 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 1 12 theme mannose 430:436 arg1 receptor 450:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 403:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) 403:466 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 12 theme mannose 430:436 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 12 theme mannose 430:436 arg1 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 4 13 from complex 1090:1096 arg1 resolution 1064:1073 2.7 Å resolution 1058:1073 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1058:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 2 14 theme → 857:857 arg1 αMan6P 848:853 terminal αMan6P 839:853 terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 839:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 14 theme → 857:857 arg1 αMan 861:864 1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3 855:870 1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3 855:870 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 6 15 theme driving 1488:1494 arg1 change 1436:1441 the change 1432:1441 the change of the ionization state of Man6P 1432:1474 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 15 theme driving 1488:1494 arg1 force 1496:1500 the main driving force 1479:1500 the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1479:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 1 16 theme lysosomal 252:260 arg1 enzymes 262:268 lysosomal enzymes 252:268 lysosomal enzymes 252:268 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 17 theme unique 605:610 arg1 fragment 621:628 a unique antibody fragment 603:628 a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 603:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 17 theme unique 605:610 arg1 M6P-1 594:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 6 18 theme lysosome 1555:1562 arg1 ∼ 1567:1567 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 18 theme lysosome 1555:1562 arg1 pH 1546:1547 acidic lysosomal pH 1529:1547 acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6) 1529:1572 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 2 19 theme N-glycans 749:757 arg1 number 724:729 a number 722:729 a number of phosphorylated N-glycans 722:757 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 5 20 dep = 1371:1371 arg1 6.1 1373:1375 6.1 1373:1375 6.1 1373:1375 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 4 21 theme hydrogen 1172:1179 arg1 bonds 1181:1185 multiple hydrogen bonds 1163:1185 multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring 1163:1205 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 6 22 theme Man6P 1470:1474 arg1 state 1461:1465 the ionization state 1446:1465 the ionization state of Man6P 1446:1474 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 23 theme lysosomal 1536:1544 arg1 ∼ 1567:1567 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 23 theme lysosomal 1536:1544 arg1 pH 1546:1547 acidic lysosomal pH 1529:1547 acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6) 1529:1572 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 0 24 theme binding 93:99 arg1 pocket 101:106 a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket 47:106 a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner† 47:179 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 6 25 theme state 1461:1465 arg1 change 1436:1441 the change 1432:1441 the change of the ionization state of Man6P 1432:1474 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 25 theme state 1461:1465 arg1 force 1496:1500 the main driving force 1479:1500 the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1479:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 2 26 contain contain 831:837 arg1 glycans 818:824 mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans 777:824 glycans 818:824 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 26 contain contain 831:837 arg1 Man6 804:807 mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans 777:824 Man6 804:807 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 26 contain contain 831:837 arg2 αMan 872:875 terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 839:875 terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 839:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 1 27 theme 6-phosphate 380:390 arg1 receptor 450:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 403:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) 403:466 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 27 theme 6-phosphate 380:390 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 27 theme 6-phosphate 380:390 arg1 MPR46 526:530 MPR46 526:530 MPR46 526:530 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 27 theme 6-phosphate 380:390 arg1 receptor 516:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 6 28 theme acidic 1529:1534 arg1 ∼ 1567:1567 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 28 theme acidic 1529:1534 arg1 pH 1546:1547 acidic lysosomal pH 1529:1547 acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6) 1529:1572 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 1 29 theme 6-phosphate 209:219 arg1 requirement 286:296 a structural requirement 273:296 a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46) 273:531 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 29 theme 6-phosphate 209:219 arg1 acquisition 186:196 The acquisition 182:196 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes 182:268 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 30 theme variable 571:578 arg1 fragment 621:628 a unique antibody fragment 603:628 a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 603:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 30 theme variable 571:578 arg1 M6P-1 594:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 1 31 link N-linked 232:239 arg1 glycans 241:247 N-linked glycans 232:247 N-linked glycans 232:247 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 5 32 theme = 1371:1371 arg1 pKa 1367:1369 pKa 1367:1369 pKa = 6.1 1367:1375 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 0 33 theme N-glycan 127:134 arg1 phosphorylation 136:150 N-glycan phosphorylation 127:150 N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner† 127:179 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 5 34 with common 1256:1261 arg1 MPRs 1273:1276 both MPRs 1268:1276 both MPRs 1268:1276 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 1 35 from acquisition 186:196 arg1 glycans 241:247 N-linked glycans 232:247 N-linked glycans 232:247 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 4 36 theme salt 1215:1218 arg1 bridges 1220:1226 two salt bridges 1211:1226 two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety 1211:1250 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 5 37 theme binding 1287:1293 arg1 loss 1279:1282 loss 1279:1282 loss of binding 1279:1293 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 1 38 theme kDa 407:409 arg1 receptor 450:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 403:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) 403:466 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 38 theme kDa 407:409 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 38 theme kDa 407:409 arg1 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 4 39 theme Single 1013:1018 arg1 analysis 1046:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis 1013:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1013:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 0 40 theme Single-chain 0:11 arg1 M6P-1 31:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 0:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 0:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 4 41 theme X-ray 1028:1032 arg1 analysis 1046:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis 1013:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1013:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 4 42 theme mannose 1194:1200 arg1 ring 1202:1205 the mannose ring 1190:1205 the mannose ring 1190:1205 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 1 43 theme Golgi 327:331 arg1 apparatus 333:341 the Golgi apparatus 323:341 the Golgi apparatus 323:341 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 6 44 theme transport 1644:1652 arg1 pathway 1654:1660 a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway 1625:1660 a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1625:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 5 45 located observed 1299:1306 arg1 values 1329:1334 pH values 1326:1334 pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1) 1326:1376 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 5 45 located observed 1299:1306 arg1 common 1256:1261 common 1256:1261 common 1256:1261 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 5 45 located observed 1299:1306 arg2 loss 1279:1282 loss 1279:1282 loss of binding 1279:1293 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 6 46 theme lysosomal 1627:1635 arg1 pathway 1654:1660 a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway 1625:1660 a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1625:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 4 47 with complex 1090:1096 arg1 Man6P 1103:1107 Man6P 1103:1107 Man6P 1103:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 2 48 dep αMan 861:864 arg1 2 859:859 2 859:859 2 859:859 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 6 49 theme M6P-1 1400:1404 arg1 structures 1383:1392 The structures 1379:1392 The structures of Fv M6P-1 1379:1404 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 49 theme M6P-1 1400:1404 arg1 MPRs 1414:1417 the MPRs 1410:1417 the MPRs 1410:1417 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 1 50 theme enzymes 262:268 arg1 requirement 286:296 a structural requirement 273:296 a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46) 273:531 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 50 theme enzymes 262:268 arg1 acquisition 186:196 The acquisition 182:196 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes 182:268 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 4 51 theme Fv 1078:1079 arg1 M6P-1 1081:1085 Fv M6P-1 1078:1085 Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1078:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 4 52 theme phosphate 1235:1243 arg1 moiety 1245:1250 the phosphate moiety 1231:1250 the phosphate moiety 1231:1250 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 5 53 theme scFv 1312:1315 arg1 M6P-1 1317:1321 scFv M6P-1 1312:1321 scFv M6P-1 1312:1321 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 3 54 theme monophosphorylated 943:960 arg1 Man8 962:965 monophosphorylated Man8 943:965 monophosphorylated Man8 943:965 In contrast to MPR300, scFv M6P-1 does not bind phosphodiesters, monophosphorylated Man8 or mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures. 26503547 3 55 theme Man9 996:999 arg1 structures 1001:1010 mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures 970:1010 mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures 970:1010 In contrast to MPR300, scFv M6P-1 does not bind phosphodiesters, monophosphorylated Man8 or mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures. 26503547 4 56 theme 2.7 1058:1060 arg1 Å 1062:1062 Å 1062:1062 Å 1062:1062 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 1 57 theme cation-dependent 479:494 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 57 theme cation-dependent 479:494 arg1 receptor 516:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 58 theme antibody 612:619 arg1 fragment 621:628 a unique antibody fragment 603:628 a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 603:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 58 theme antibody 612:619 arg1 M6P-1 594:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 6 59 theme Man6P 1671:1675 arg1 recognition 1677:1687 Man6P recognition 1671:1687 Man6P recognition 1671:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 1 60 theme 6-phosphate 504:514 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 60 theme 6-phosphate 504:514 arg1 receptor 516:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 0 61 contain possesses 37:45 arg1 M6P-1 31:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 0:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 0:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 0 61 contain possesses 37:45 arg2 pocket 101:106 a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket 47:106 a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner† 47:179 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 5 62 theme Man6P 1360:1364 arg1 pKa 1353:1355 the second pKa 1342:1355 the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1) 1342:1376 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 1 63 theme N-linked 232:239 arg1 glycans 241:247 N-linked glycans 232:247 N-linked glycans 232:247 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 64 theme scFv 588:591 arg1 fragment 621:628 a unique antibody fragment 603:628 a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 603:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 64 theme scFv 588:591 arg1 M6P-1 594:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 65 theme Man7 813:816 arg1 glycans 818:824 mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans 777:824 glycans 818:824 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 1 66 theme 6-phosphate 438:448 arg1 receptor 450:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 403:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) 403:466 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 66 theme 6-phosphate 438:448 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 66 theme 6-phosphate 438:448 arg1 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 67 theme domain 580:585 arg1 fragment 621:628 a unique antibody fragment 603:628 a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 603:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 67 theme domain 580:585 arg1 M6P-1 594:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 6 68 theme pH 1564:1565 arg1 ∼ 1567:1567 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 68 theme pH 1564:1565 arg1 pH 1546:1547 acidic lysosomal pH 1529:1547 acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6) 1529:1572 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 4 69 theme multiple 1163:1170 arg1 bonds 1181:1185 multiple hydrogen bonds 1163:1185 multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring 1163:1205 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 6 70 theme main 1483:1486 arg1 change 1436:1441 the change 1432:1441 the change of the ionization state of Man6P 1432:1474 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 70 theme main 1483:1486 arg1 force 1496:1500 the main driving force 1479:1500 the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1479:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 71 theme e.g. 1550:1553 arg1 ∼ 1567:1567 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6 1550:1571 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 6 71 theme e.g. 1550:1553 arg1 pH 1546:1547 acidic lysosomal pH 1529:1547 acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6) 1529:1572 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 2 72 theme phosphorylated 734:747 arg1 N-glycans 749:757 phosphorylated N-glycans 734:757 phosphorylated N-glycans 734:757 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 4 73 from resolution 1064:1073 arg1 complex 1090:1096 complex 1090:1096 complex with Man6P 1090:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 0 74 from phosphorylation 136:150 arg1 manner† 173:179 a branch-specific manner† 155:179 a branch-specific manner† 155:179 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 1 75 theme 46 472:473 arg1 kDa 475:477 kDa 475:477 kDa 475:477 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 4 76 theme Å 1062:1062 arg1 resolution 1064:1073 2.7 Å resolution 1058:1073 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1058:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 1 77 theme mannose 372:378 arg1 receptor 450:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 403:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) 403:466 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 77 theme mannose 372:378 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 77 theme mannose 372:378 arg1 MPR46 526:530 MPR46 526:530 MPR46 526:530 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 77 theme mannose 372:378 arg1 receptor 516:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 472:523 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 6 78 theme ionization 1450:1459 arg1 state 1461:1465 the ionization state 1446:1465 the ionization state of Man6P 1446:1474 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 1 79 theme mannose 201:207 arg1 Man6P 222:226 Man6P 222:226 Man6P 222:226 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 79 theme mannose 201:207 arg1 6-phosphate 209:219 mannose 6-phosphate 201:219 mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) 201:227 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 5 80 dep Man6P 1360:1364 arg1 pKa 1367:1369 pKa 1367:1369 pKa = 6.1 1367:1375 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 2 81 theme array-screening 689:703 arg1 approach 705:712 an array-screening approach 686:712 an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans 686:757 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 82 theme single-chain 558:569 arg1 fragment 621:628 a unique antibody fragment 603:628 a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 603:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 82 theme single-chain 558:569 arg1 M6P-1 594:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 554:598 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 1 83 theme 300 403:405 arg1 kDa 407:409 kDa 407:409 kDa 407:409 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 2 84 theme terminal 839:846 arg1 αMan6P 848:853 terminal αMan6P 839:853 terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 839:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 2 84 theme terminal 839:846 arg1 αMan 861:864 1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3 855:870 1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3 855:870 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 0 85 theme antibody-fragment 13:29 arg1 M6P-1 31:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 0:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 0:35 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 1 86 theme cation-independent 411:428 arg1 receptor 450:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor 403:457 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) 403:466 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 86 theme cation-independent 411:428 arg1 receptors 392:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 the mannose 6-phosphate receptors 368:400 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 86 theme cation-independent 411:428 arg1 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 MPR300 460:465 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 4 87 theme crystal 1020:1026 arg1 analysis 1046:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis 1013:1053 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P 1013:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 6 88 theme pathway 1654:1660 arg1 evolution 1612:1620 the evolution 1608:1620 the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1608:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 3 89 theme scFv 901:904 arg1 M6P-1 906:910 scFv M6P-1 901:910 scFv M6P-1 901:910 In contrast to MPR300, scFv M6P-1 does not bind phosphodiesters, monophosphorylated Man8 or mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures. 26503547 6 90 theme enzyme 1637:1642 arg1 pathway 1654:1660 a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway 1625:1660 a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition 1625:1687 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 5 91 theme pH 1326:1327 arg1 values 1329:1334 pH values 1326:1334 pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1) 1326:1376 In common with both MPRs, loss of binding was observed for scFv M6P-1 at pH values below the second pKa of Man6P (pKa = 6.1). 26503547 0 92 theme monosaccharide-specific 69:91 arg1 pocket 101:106 a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket 47:106 a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner† 47:179 Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner†. 26503547 2 93 theme αMan6P 848:853 arg1 αMan 872:875 terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 839:875 terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan 839:875 Here we report that the single-chain variable domain (scFv) M6P-1 is a unique antibody fragment with specificity for Man6P monosaccharide that, through an array-screening approach against a number of phosphorylated N-glycans, is shown to bind mono- and diphosphorylated Man6 and Man7 glycans that contain terminal αMan6P(1 → 2)αMan(1 → 3)αMan. 26503547 6 94 theme Fv 1397:1398 arg1 M6P-1 1400:1404 Fv M6P-1 1397:1404 Fv M6P-1 1397:1404 The structures of Fv M6P-1 and the MPRs suggest that the change of the ionization state of Man6P is the main driving force for the loss of binding at acidic lysosomal pH (e.g. lysosome pH ∼ 4.6), which provides justification for the evolution of a lysosomal enzyme transport pathway based on Man6P recognition. 26503547 4 95 from M6P-1 1081:1085 arg1 complex 1090:1096 complex 1090:1096 complex with Man6P 1090:1107 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to 2.7 Å resolution of Fv M6P-1 in complex with Man6P reveals that specificity and affinity is achieved via multiple hydrogen bonds to the mannose ring and two salt bridges to the phosphate moiety. 26503547 3 96 theme mono- 970:974 arg1 structures 1001:1010 mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures 970:1010 mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures 970:1010 In contrast to MPR300, scFv M6P-1 does not bind phosphodiesters, monophosphorylated Man8 or mono- or diphosphorylated Man9 structures. 26503547 1 97 theme structural 275:284 arg1 acquisition 186:196 The acquisition 182:196 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes 182:268 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 26503547 1 97 theme structural 275:284 arg1 requirement 286:296 a structural requirement 273:296 a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46) 273:531 The acquisition of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) on N-linked glycans of lysosomal enzymes is a structural requirement for their transport from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes mediated by the mannose 6-phosphate receptors, 300 kDa cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300) and 46 kDa cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR46). 25378534 4 0 with agreement 947:955 arg1 studies 988:994 previous crystallographic studies 962:994 previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment 962:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 10 1 theme protein 1949:1955 arg1 complexes 1957:1965 large protein complexes 1943:1965 large protein complexes in solution 1943:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 10 2 theme large 1943:1947 arg1 complexes 1957:1965 large protein complexes 1943:1965 large protein complexes in solution 1943:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 6 3 theme IgG 1284:1286 arg1 Fc 1288:1289 IgG Fc 1284:1289 IgG Fc 1284:1289 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 10 4 theme molecular 1713:1721 arg1 insight 1723:1729 new molecular insight 1709:1729 new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction 1709:1759 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 10 5 from conformation 1914:1925 arg1 solution 1970:1977 solution 1970:1977 solution 1970:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 6 6 theme unknown 1189:1195 arg1 sites 1214:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 9 7 theme glycosylated 1671:1682 arg1 IgG 1684:1686 the wild-type glycosylated IgG 1657:1686 the wild-type glycosylated IgG 1657:1686 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 1 8 theme levels 270:275 arg1 maintenance 246:256 the maintenance 242:256 the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma 242:285 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 10 9 from dynamics 1931:1938 arg1 solution 1970:1977 solution 1970:1977 solution 1970:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 4 10 theme Fc 863:864 arg1 region 866:871 the antibody Fc region 850:871 the antibody Fc region 850:871 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 3 11 theme transfer 733:740 arg1 dissociation 742:753 targeted electron transfer dissociation 715:753 targeted electron transfer dissociation 715:753 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 6 12 theme conformational 1252:1265 arg1 link 1267:1270 a possible conformational link 1241:1270 a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1241:1305 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 10 13 theme IgG-FcRn 1740:1747 arg1 interaction 1749:1759 the IgG-FcRn interaction 1736:1759 the IgG-FcRn interaction 1736:1759 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 1 14 theme Fc 195:196 arg1 receptor 198:205 the neonatal Fc receptor 182:205 the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) 182:212 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 1 14 theme Fc 195:196 arg1 FcRn 208:211 FcRn 208:211 FcRn 208:211 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 7 15 theme conformational 1388:1401 arg1 response 1403:1410 the conformational response 1384:1410 the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction 1384:1438 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 1 16 from plasma 280:285 arg1 maintenance 246:256 the maintenance 242:256 the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma 242:285 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 10 17 from complexes 1957:1965 arg1 solution 1970:1977 solution 1970:1977 solution 1970:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 4 18 with complex 1007:1013 arg1 fragment 1027:1034 the Fc fragment 1020:1034 the Fc fragment 1020:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 1 19 from levels 270:275 arg1 plasma 280:285 plasma 280:285 plasma 280:285 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 7 20 gly glycosylation 1367:1379 arg1 interaction 1428:1438 the IgG-FcRn interaction 1415:1438 the IgG-FcRn interaction 1415:1438 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 4 21 theme good 942:945 arg1 agreement 947:955 good agreement 942:955 good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment 942:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 7 22 theme IgG 1363:1365 arg1 glycosylation 1367:1379 IgG glycosylation 1363:1379 IgG glycosylation 1363:1379 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 6 23 theme FcRn 1312:1315 arg1 binding 1317:1323 FcRn binding 1312:1323 FcRn binding 1312:1323 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 3 24 theme full-length 621:631 arg1 IgG 639:641 a full-length human IgG(1) 619:644 a full-length human IgG(1) 619:644 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 6 25 theme Fab 1227:1229 arg1 region 1231:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 10 26 theme exchange 1813:1820 arg1 spectrometry 1827:1838 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 1794:1838 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 1794:1838 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 4 27 from regions 839:845 arg1 region 866:871 the antibody Fc region 850:871 the antibody Fc region 850:871 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 4 27 from regions 839:845 arg1 FcRn 881:884 the FcRn 877:884 the FcRn 877:884 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 4 28 theme complex 920:926 arg1 formation 928:936 complex formation 920:936 complex formation 920:936 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 8 29 theme glycans 1461:1467 arg1 Removal 1441:1447 Removal 1441:1447 Removal of antibody glycans 1441:1467 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 3 30 theme complex 822:828 arg1 partners 797:804 both partners 792:804 both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex 792:828 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 1 31 from importance 228:237 arg1 maintenance 246:256 the maintenance 242:256 the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma 242:285 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 7 32 theme IgG-FcRn 1419:1426 arg1 interaction 1428:1438 the IgG-FcRn interaction 1415:1438 the IgG-FcRn interaction 1415:1438 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 2 33 theme antibody 509:516 arg1 pharmacokinetics 518:533 antibody pharmacokinetics 509:533 antibody pharmacokinetics 509:533 From a therapeutic point of view there is great interest in understanding and modulating the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety. 25378534 6 34 theme interaction 1202:1212 arg1 sites 1214:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 1 35 theme antibody 261:268 arg1 levels 270:275 antibody levels 261:275 antibody levels in plasma 261:285 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 5 36 theme reduced 1116:1122 arg1 uptake 1134:1139 reduced deuterium uptake 1116:1139 reduced deuterium uptake 1116:1139 Interestingly, we found that several regions in the IgG Fab region also showed reduced deuterium uptake. 25378534 1 37 theme immunoglobulins 163:177 arg1 recycling 150:158 The recycling 146:158 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) 146:212 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 1 37 theme immunoglobulins 163:177 arg1 responsible 294:304 responsible 294:304 responsible 294:304 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 1 38 theme endogenous 333:342 arg1 antibodies 371:380 endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 333:380 endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 333:380 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 8 39 theme FcRn 1502:1505 arg1 site 1515:1518 the FcRn binding site 1498:1518 the FcRn binding site 1498:1518 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 6 40 attach presence 1168:1175 arg1 region 1231:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 6 40 attach presence 1168:1175 arg2 sites 1214:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 1 41 theme recombinant 348:358 arg1 antibodies 371:380 endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 333:380 endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 333:380 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 4 42 theme crystallographic 971:986 arg1 studies 988:994 previous crystallographic studies 962:994 previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment 962:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 8 43 theme site 1515:1518 arg1 flexibility 1483:1493 the flexibility 1479:1493 the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region 1479:1535 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 6 44 from presence 1168:1175 arg1 region 1231:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 0 45 theme exchange 118:125 arg1 spectrometry 132:143 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 99:143 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 99:143 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 1 46 theme antibodies 371:380 arg1 half-lives 319:328 the long half-lives 310:328 the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 310:380 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 9 47 theme wild-type 1661:1669 arg1 IgG 1684:1686 the wild-type glycosylated IgG 1657:1686 the wild-type glycosylated IgG 1657:1686 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 7 48 from role 1355:1358 arg1 response 1403:1410 the conformational response 1384:1410 the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction 1384:1438 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 10 49 theme structural 1851:1860 arg1 proteomics 1862:1871 structural proteomics 1851:1871 structural proteomics 1851:1871 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 2 50 theme IgG-FcRn 476:483 arg1 interaction 485:495 the IgG-FcRn interaction 472:495 the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety 472:576 From a therapeutic point of view there is great interest in understanding and modulating the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety. 25378534 2 51 theme view 411:414 arg1 point 402:406 a therapeutic point 388:406 a therapeutic point of view 388:414 From a therapeutic point of view there is great interest in understanding and modulating the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety. 25378534 4 52 theme Fc 1024:1025 arg1 fragment 1027:1034 the Fc fragment 1020:1034 the Fc fragment 1020:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 10 53 theme new 1709:1711 arg1 insight 1723:1729 new molecular insight 1709:1729 new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction 1709:1759 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 0 54 theme Fc 51:52 arg1 receptor 54:61 the neonatal Fc receptor 38:61 the neonatal Fc receptor 38:61 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 9 55 theme conformational 1590:1603 arg1 stabilization 1605:1617 a similar conformational stabilization 1580:1617 a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG 1580:1639 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 3 56 theme mass 693:696 arg1 spectrometry 698:709 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 665:709 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 665:709 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 1 57 theme crucial 220:226 arg1 importance 228:237 crucial importance 220:237 crucial importance 220:237 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 3 58 theme hydrogen/deuterium 665:682 arg1 spectrometry 698:709 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 665:709 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 665:709 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 9 59 theme IgG 1637:1639 arg1 stabilization 1605:1617 a similar conformational stabilization 1580:1617 a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG 1580:1639 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 3 60 theme electron 724:731 arg1 dissociation 742:753 targeted electron transfer dissociation 715:753 targeted electron transfer dissociation 715:753 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 6 61 theme Fc 1288:1289 arg1 regions 1299:1305 the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1280:1305 the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1280:1305 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 10 62 from information 1895:1905 arg1 conformation 1914:1925 conformation 1914:1925 conformation 1914:1925 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 10 62 from information 1895:1905 arg1 dynamics 1931:1938 dynamics 1931:1938 dynamics 1931:1938 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 6 63 from link 1267:1270 arg1 region 1231:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 the Fab region 1223:1236 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 7 64 theme interaction 1428:1438 arg1 response 1403:1410 the conformational response 1384:1410 the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction 1384:1438 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 9 65 gly deglycosylated 1622:1635 arg1 IgG 1637:1639 deglycosylated IgG 1622:1639 deglycosylated IgG 1622:1639 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 1 66 theme neonatal 186:193 arg1 receptor 198:205 the neonatal Fc receptor 182:205 the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) 182:212 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 1 66 theme neonatal 186:193 arg1 FcRn 208:211 FcRn 208:211 FcRn 208:211 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 4 67 theme antibody 854:861 arg1 region 866:871 the antibody Fc region 850:871 the antibody Fc region 850:871 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 6 68 theme possible 1243:1250 arg1 link 1267:1270 a possible conformational link 1241:1270 a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1241:1305 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 10 69 theme hydrogen/deuterium 1794:1811 arg1 spectrometry 1827:1838 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 1794:1838 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 1794:1838 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 1 70 from maintenance 246:256 arg1 plasma 280:285 plasma 280:285 plasma 280:285 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 8 71 theme antibody 1452:1459 arg1 glycans 1461:1467 antibody glycans 1452:1467 antibody glycans 1452:1467 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 7 72 theme glycosylation 1367:1379 arg1 role 1355:1358 the role 1351:1358 the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction 1351:1438 Further, we investigated the role of IgG glycosylation in the conformational response of the IgG-FcRn interaction. 25378534 8 73 from flexibility 1483:1493 arg1 region 1530:1535 the Fc region 1523:1535 the Fc region 1523:1535 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 5 74 theme IgG 1089:1091 arg1 region 1097:1102 the IgG Fab region 1085:1102 the IgG Fab region 1085:1102 Interestingly, we found that several regions in the IgG Fab region also showed reduced deuterium uptake. 25378534 10 75 theme mass 1822:1825 arg1 spectrometry 1827:1838 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 1794:1838 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 1794:1838 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 6 76 theme Fab 1295:1297 arg1 regions 1299:1305 the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1280:1305 the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1280:1305 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 6 77 theme sites 1214:1218 arg1 link 1267:1270 a possible conformational link 1241:1270 a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions 1241:1305 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 6 77 theme sites 1214:1218 arg1 presence 1168:1175 the presence 1164:1175 the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region 1164:1236 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 0 78 theme monoclonal 67:76 arg1 antibody 78:85 monoclonal antibody 67:85 monoclonal antibody 67:85 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 5 79 theme several 1066:1072 arg1 regions 1074:1080 several regions 1066:1080 several regions in the IgG Fab region 1066:1102 Interestingly, we found that several regions in the IgG Fab region also showed reduced deuterium uptake. 25378534 3 80 theme human 633:637 arg1 IgG 639:641 a full-length human IgG(1) 619:644 a full-length human IgG(1) 619:644 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 6 81 theme FcRn 1197:1200 arg1 sites 1214:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites 1180:1218 Our findings indicate the presence of hitherto unknown FcRn interaction sites in the Fab region or a possible conformational link between the IgG Fc and Fab regions upon FcRn binding. 25378534 3 82 theme IgG-FcRn 813:820 arg1 complex 822:828 the IgG-FcRn complex 809:828 the IgG-FcRn complex 809:828 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 5 83 theme deuterium 1124:1132 arg1 uptake 1134:1139 reduced deuterium uptake 1116:1139 reduced deuterium uptake 1116:1139 Interestingly, we found that several regions in the IgG Fab region also showed reduced deuterium uptake. 25378534 5 84 theme Fab 1093:1095 arg1 region 1097:1102 the IgG Fab region 1085:1102 the IgG Fab region 1085:1102 Interestingly, we found that several regions in the IgG Fab region also showed reduced deuterium uptake. 25378534 4 85 theme FcRn 999:1002 arg1 studies 988:994 previous crystallographic studies 962:994 previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment 962:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 8 86 theme binding 1507:1513 arg1 site 1515:1518 the FcRn binding site 1498:1518 the FcRn binding site 1498:1518 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 0 87 theme hydrogen/deuterium 99:116 arg1 spectrometry 132:143 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 99:143 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 99:143 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 5 88 from regions 1074:1080 arg1 region 1097:1102 the IgG Fab region 1085:1102 the IgG Fab region 1085:1102 Interestingly, we found that several regions in the IgG Fab region also showed reduced deuterium uptake. 25378534 1 89 theme monoclonal 360:369 arg1 antibodies 371:380 endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 333:380 endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 333:380 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 4 90 theme previous 962:969 arg1 studies 988:994 previous crystallographic studies 962:994 previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment 962:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 8 91 theme Fc 1527:1528 arg1 region 1530:1535 the Fc region 1523:1535 the Fc region 1523:1535 Removal of antibody glycans increased the flexibility of the FcRn binding site in the Fc region. 25378534 10 92 from solution 1970:1977 arg1 conformation 1914:1925 conformation 1914:1925 conformation 1914:1925 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 10 92 from solution 1970:1977 arg1 dynamics 1931:1938 dynamics 1931:1938 dynamics 1931:1938 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 0 93 theme mass 127:130 arg1 spectrometry 132:143 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 99:143 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 99:143 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 9 94 theme FcRn 1552:1555 arg1 binding 1557:1563 FcRn binding 1552:1563 FcRn binding 1552:1563 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 2 95 theme great 425:429 arg1 interest 431:438 great interest 425:438 great interest in understanding and modulating the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety 425:576 From a therapeutic point of view there is great interest in understanding and modulating the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety. 25378534 3 96 theme human 650:654 arg1 FcRn 656:659 human FcRn 650:659 human FcRn 650:659 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 0 97 theme neonatal 42:49 arg1 receptor 54:61 the neonatal Fc receptor 38:61 the neonatal Fc receptor 38:61 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 0 98 dep receptor 54:61 arg1 variants 87:94 variants 87:94 variants 87:94 Investigating the interaction between the neonatal Fc receptor and monoclonal antibody variants by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. 25378534 10 99 theme detailed 1886:1893 arg1 information 1895:1905 detailed information 1886:1905 detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution 1886:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 4 100 theme Several 831:837 arg1 regions 839:845 Several regions 831:845 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn 831:884 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 25378534 9 101 theme similar 1582:1588 arg1 stabilization 1605:1617 a similar conformational stabilization 1580:1617 a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG 1580:1639 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 10 102 theme complexes 1957:1965 arg1 conformation 1914:1925 conformation 1914:1925 conformation 1914:1925 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 10 102 theme complexes 1957:1965 arg1 dynamics 1931:1938 dynamics 1931:1938 dynamics 1931:1938 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 3 103 theme exchange 684:691 arg1 spectrometry 698:709 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 665:709 hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry 665:709 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 1 104 theme long 314:317 arg1 half-lives 319:328 the long half-lives 310:328 the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies 310:380 The recycling of immunoglobulins by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is of crucial importance in the maintenance of antibody levels in plasma and is responsible for the long half-lives of endogenous and recombinant monoclonal antibodies. 25378534 10 105 theme spectrometry 1827:1838 arg1 capability 1780:1789 the capability 1776:1789 the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution 1776:1977 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 10 106 dep conformation 1914:1925 arg1 the 1910:1912 the 1910:1912 the 1910:1912 Our results provide new molecular insight into the IgG-FcRn interaction and illustrate the capability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to advance structural proteomics by providing detailed information on the conformation and dynamics of large protein complexes in solution. 25378534 9 107 theme deglycosylated 1622:1635 arg1 IgG 1637:1639 deglycosylated IgG 1622:1639 deglycosylated IgG 1622:1639 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 2 108 theme therapeutic 390:400 arg1 point 402:406 a therapeutic point 388:406 a therapeutic point of view 388:414 From a therapeutic point of view there is great interest in understanding and modulating the IgG-FcRn interaction to optimize antibody pharmacokinetics and ultimately improve efficacy and safety. 25378534 3 109 theme targeted 715:722 arg1 dissociation 742:753 targeted electron transfer dissociation 715:753 targeted electron transfer dissociation 715:753 Here we studied the interaction between a full-length human IgG(1) and human FcRn via hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and targeted electron transfer dissociation to map sites perturbed by binding on both partners of the IgG-FcRn complex. 25378534 9 110 gly glycosylated 1671:1682 arg1 IgG 1684:1686 the wild-type glycosylated IgG 1657:1686 the wild-type glycosylated IgG 1657:1686 Consequently, FcRn binding did not induce a similar conformational stabilization of deglycosylated IgG as observed for the wild-type glycosylated IgG. 25378534 4 111 from studies 988:994 arg1 complex 1007:1013 complex 1007:1013 complex with the Fc fragment 1007:1034 Several regions in the antibody Fc region and the FcRn were protected from exchange upon complex formation, in good agreement with previous crystallographic studies of FcRn in complex with the Fc fragment. 26160171 9 0 from cells 1745:1749 arg1 entry 1664:1668 unrestricted virus entry 1645:1668 unrestricted virus entry into the cells 1645:1683 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 9 0 from cells 1745:1749 arg1 release 1689:1695 release 1689:1695 release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells 1689:1749 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 4 1 theme infected 815:822 arg1 cells 824:828 infected cells 815:828 infected cells 815:828 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 3 2 theme mucin-like 458:467 arg1 domain 469:474 the mucin-like domain 454:474 the mucin-like domain in gC 454:480 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 3 from domain 469:474 arg1 gC 479:480 gC 479:480 gC 479:480 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 3 from domain 469:474 arg1 culture 545:551 cell culture 540:551 cell culture 540:551 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 3 from domain 469:474 arg1 assays 569:574 GAG-binding assays 557:574 GAG-binding assays 557:574 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 4 theme corresponding 490:502 arg1 gCΔmuc 529:534 gCΔmuc 529:534 gCΔmuc 529:534 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 4 theme corresponding 490:502 arg1 protein 520:526 the corresponding purified mutant protein 486:526 the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively 486:588 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 9 5 theme activity 1602:1609 arg1 modulation 1572:1581 the modulation 1568:1581 the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells 1568:1749 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 3 6 theme mutant 513:518 arg1 gCΔmuc 529:534 gCΔmuc 529:534 gCΔmuc 529:534 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 6 theme mutant 513:518 arg1 protein 520:526 the corresponding purified mutant protein 486:526 the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively 486:588 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 1 7 theme HSV-1 186:190 arg1 attachment 172:181 the attachment 168:181 the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells 168:216 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 1 8 from glycosaminoglycans 238:255 arg1 surface 276:282 the cell surface 267:282 the cell surface 267:282 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 3 9 theme cell 540:543 arg1 culture 545:551 cell culture 540:551 cell culture 540:551 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 1 10 theme susceptible 195:205 arg1 cells 212:216 susceptible host cells 195:216 susceptible host cells 195:216 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 4 11 theme native 662:667 arg1 HSV-1 669:673 native HSV-1 662:673 native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells) 662:829 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 5 12 theme immobilized 1009:1019 arg1 GAGs 1021:1024 end-on immobilized GAGs 1002:1024 end-on immobilized GAGs 1002:1024 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 4 13 dep sensitivity 691:701 arg1 i.e. 676:679 i.e. 676:679 i.e. 676:679 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 5 14 theme purified 883:890 arg1 gC 892:893 purified gC 883:893 purified gC 883:893 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 9 15 theme unrestricted 1645:1656 arg1 entry 1664:1668 unrestricted virus entry 1645:1668 unrestricted virus entry into the cells 1645:1683 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 8 16 theme gCΔmuc 1420:1425 arg1 number 1410:1415 a larger number 1401:1415 a larger number of gCΔmuc 1401:1425 It was also found that a larger number of gCΔmuc bound to a single GAG chain, compared with native gC. 26160171 0 17 theme Attachment 49:58 arg1 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 0 17 theme Attachment 49:58 arg1 C 81:81 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C 49:81 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 5 18 theme Kinetic 832:838 arg1 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics 832:878 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 0 19 theme Glycoprotein 68:79 arg1 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 0 19 theme Glycoprotein 68:79 arg1 C 81:81 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C 49:81 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 5 20 theme equilibrium 844:854 arg1 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics 832:878 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 8 21 theme single 1438:1443 arg1 chain 1449:1453 a single GAG chain 1436:1453 a single GAG chain 1436:1453 It was also found that a larger number of gCΔmuc bound to a single GAG chain, compared with native gC. 26160171 4 22 from surface 804:810 arg1 sensitivity 691:701 decreased sensitivity 681:701 decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells 681:754 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 4 22 from surface 804:810 arg1 release 768:774 reduced release 760:774 reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells 760:828 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 5 23 theme plasmon 923:929 arg1 sensing 947:953 surface plasmon resonance-based sensing 915:953 surface plasmon resonance-based sensing 915:953 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 4 24 theme virus 730:734 arg1 attachment 736:745 virus attachment 730:745 virus attachment 730:745 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 9 25 dep importance 1625:1634 arg1 both 1636:1639 both 1636:1639 both 1636:1639 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 4 26 theme decreased 681:689 arg1 sensitivity 691:701 decreased sensitivity 681:701 decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells 681:754 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 0 27 theme Mucin-like 0:9 arg1 Region 11:16 Mucin-like Region 0:16 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 0:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 6 28 theme native 1032:1037 arg1 gC 1039:1040 native gC 1032:1040 native gC 1032:1040 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 9 29 theme produced 1706:1713 arg1 particles 1721:1729 newly produced viral particles 1700:1729 newly produced viral particles 1700:1729 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 8 30 theme native 1470:1475 arg1 gC 1477:1478 native gC 1470:1478 native gC 1470:1478 It was also found that a larger number of gCΔmuc bound to a single GAG chain, compared with native gC. 26160171 9 31 theme particles 1721:1729 arg1 entry 1664:1668 unrestricted virus entry 1645:1668 unrestricted virus entry into the cells 1645:1683 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 9 31 theme particles 1721:1729 arg1 release 1689:1695 release 1689:1695 release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells 1689:1749 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 2 32 theme binding 373:379 arg1 activity 381:388 the binding activity 369:388 the binding activity 369:388 gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. 26160171 0 33 theme Simplex 28:34 arg1 Type 42:45 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 0 34 dep Type 42:45 arg1 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 0 34 dep Type 42:45 arg1 C 81:81 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C 49:81 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 9 35 theme infected 1736:1743 arg1 cells 1745:1749 infected cells 1736:1749 infected cells 1736:1749 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 4 36 theme viral 779:783 arg1 particles 785:793 viral particles 779:793 viral particles 779:793 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 2 37 theme located 317:323 arg1 region 310:315 a mucin-like region 297:315 a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity 297:388 gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. 26160171 0 38 theme Type 42:45 arg1 Region 11:16 Mucin-like Region 0:16 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 0:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 5 39 theme end-on 1002:1007 arg1 GAGs 1021:1024 end-on immobilized GAGs 1002:1024 end-on immobilized GAGs 1002:1024 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 9 40 theme gC 1550:1551 arg1 region 1534:1539 the mucin-like region 1519:1539 the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC 1519:1551 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 2 41 theme mucin-like 299:308 arg1 region 310:315 a mucin-like region 297:315 a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity 297:388 gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. 26160171 1 42 theme host 207:210 arg1 cells 212:216 susceptible host cells 195:216 susceptible host cells 195:216 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 6 43 theme binding 1076:1082 arg1 region 1084:1089 the expected binding region 1063:1089 the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan 1063:1175 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 5 44 theme surface 971:977 arg1 platform 979:986 a surface platform 969:986 a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs 969:1024 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 4 45 theme cells 824:828 arg1 surface 804:810 the surface 800:810 the surface of infected cells 800:828 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 4 46 theme particles 785:793 arg1 sensitivity 691:701 decreased sensitivity 681:701 decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells 681:754 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 4 46 theme particles 785:793 arg1 release 768:774 reduced release 760:774 reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells 760:828 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 4 47 theme mutant 595:600 arg1 virus 602:606 The mutant virus 591:606 The mutant virus 591:606 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 9 48 theme GAG-binding 1590:1600 arg1 activity 1602:1609 the GAG-binding activity 1586:1609 the GAG-binding activity 1586:1609 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 9 48 theme GAG-binding 1590:1600 arg1 feature 1614:1620 a feature 1612:1620 a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells 1612:1749 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 6 49 theme sulfated 1118:1125 arg1 hyaluronan 1127:1136 sulfated hyaluronan 1118:1136 sulfated hyaluronan 1118:1136 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 0 50 theme Virus-Glycosaminoglycan 102:124 arg1 Interaction 126:136 the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction 98:136 the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction 98:136 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 9 51 theme mucin-like 1523:1532 arg1 region 1534:1539 the mucin-like region 1519:1539 the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC 1519:1551 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 3 52 theme purified 504:511 arg1 gCΔmuc 529:534 gCΔmuc 529:534 gCΔmuc 529:534 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 52 theme purified 504:511 arg1 protein 520:526 the corresponding purified mutant protein 486:526 the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively 486:588 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 8 53 theme larger 1403:1408 arg1 number 1410:1415 a larger number 1401:1415 a larger number of gCΔmuc 1401:1425 It was also found that a larger number of gCΔmuc bound to a single GAG chain, compared with native gC. 26160171 7 54 theme gCΔmuc-GAG 1343:1352 arg1 complex 1354:1360 the gCΔmuc-GAG complex 1339:1360 the gCΔmuc-GAG complex 1339:1360 In contrast to native gC, gCΔmuc exhibited a decreased affinity for GAGs and a slower dissociation, indicating that once formed, the gCΔmuc-GAG complex is more stable. 26160171 7 54 theme gCΔmuc-GAG 1343:1352 arg1 stable 1370:1375 stable 1370:1375 stable 1370:1375 In contrast to native gC, gCΔmuc exhibited a decreased affinity for GAGs and a slower dissociation, indicating that once formed, the gCΔmuc-GAG complex is more stable. 26160171 5 55 theme binding 856:862 arg1 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics 832:878 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 9 56 theme importance 1625:1634 arg1 activity 1602:1609 the GAG-binding activity 1586:1609 the GAG-binding activity 1586:1609 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 9 56 theme importance 1625:1634 arg1 feature 1614:1620 a feature 1612:1620 a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells 1612:1749 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 6 57 theme binding 1189:1195 arg1 specificity 1197:1207 binding specificity 1189:1207 binding specificity 1189:1207 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 3 58 theme GAG-binding 557:567 arg1 assays 569:574 GAG-binding assays 557:574 GAG-binding assays 557:574 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 59 from protein 520:526 arg1 gC 479:480 gC 479:480 gC 479:480 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 59 from protein 520:526 arg1 culture 545:551 cell culture 540:551 cell culture 540:551 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 3 59 from protein 520:526 arg1 assays 569:574 GAG-binding assays 557:574 GAG-binding assays 557:574 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 0 60 theme Protein 60:66 arg1 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 gC 84:85 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 0 60 theme Protein 60:66 arg1 C 81:81 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C 49:81 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 1 61 theme Glycoprotein 139:150 arg1 C 152:152 Glycoprotein C 139:152 Glycoprotein C (gC) 139:157 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 1 61 theme Glycoprotein 139:150 arg1 gC 155:156 gC 155:156 gC 155:156 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 9 62 theme virus 1658:1662 arg1 entry 1664:1668 unrestricted virus entry 1645:1668 unrestricted virus entry into the cells 1645:1683 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 6 63 theme non-sulfated 1153:1164 arg1 hyaluronan 1166:1175 the non-sulfated hyaluronan 1149:1175 the non-sulfated hyaluronan 1149:1175 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 4 64 theme functional 622:631 arg1 alterations 633:643 two functional alterations 618:643 two functional alterations 618:643 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 8 65 theme GAG 1445:1447 arg1 chain 1449:1453 a single GAG chain 1436:1453 a single GAG chain 1436:1453 It was also found that a larger number of gCΔmuc bound to a single GAG chain, compared with native gC. 26160171 5 66 theme surface 915:921 arg1 sensing 947:953 surface plasmon resonance-based sensing 915:953 surface plasmon resonance-based sensing 915:953 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 4 67 theme GAG-based 706:714 arg1 inhibitors 716:725 GAG-based inhibitors 706:725 GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment 706:745 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 5 68 theme resonance-based 931:945 arg1 sensing 947:953 surface plasmon resonance-based sensing 915:953 surface plasmon resonance-based sensing 915:953 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 7 69 theme slower 1289:1294 arg1 dissociation 1296:1307 a slower dissociation 1287:1307 a slower dissociation 1287:1307 In contrast to native gC, gCΔmuc exhibited a decreased affinity for GAGs and a slower dissociation, indicating that once formed, the gCΔmuc-GAG complex is more stable. 26160171 5 70 theme gC 892:893 arg1 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics 832:878 characteristics 864:878 Kinetic and equilibrium binding characteristics of purified gC were assessed using surface plasmon resonance-based sensing together with a surface platform consisting of end-on immobilized GAGs. 26160171 0 71 theme Herpes 21:26 arg1 Type 42:45 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 9 72 theme viral 1715:1719 arg1 particles 1721:1729 newly produced viral particles 1700:1729 newly produced viral particles 1700:1729 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 6 73 theme expected 1067:1074 arg1 region 1084:1089 the expected binding region 1063:1089 the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan 1063:1175 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 0 74 theme Virus 36:40 arg1 Type 42:45 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) 21:86 Mucin-like Region of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Attachment Protein Glycoprotein C (gC) Modulates the Virus-Glycosaminoglycan Interaction. 26160171 1 75 theme cell 271:274 arg1 surface 276:282 the cell surface 267:282 the cell surface 267:282 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 7 76 theme decreased 1255:1263 arg1 affinity 1265:1272 a decreased affinity 1253:1272 a decreased affinity for GAGs 1253:1281 In contrast to native gC, gCΔmuc exhibited a decreased affinity for GAGs and a slower dissociation, indicating that once formed, the gCΔmuc-GAG complex is more stable. 26160171 1 77 attach attachment 172:181 arg2 HSV-1 186:190 HSV-1 186:190 HSV-1 186:190 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 1 77 attach attachment 172:181 arg1 cells 212:216 susceptible host cells 195:216 susceptible host cells 195:216 Glycoprotein C (gC) mediates the attachment of HSV-1 to susceptible host cells by interacting with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface. 26160171 4 78 theme reduced 760:766 arg1 release 768:774 reduced release 760:774 reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells 760:828 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 6 79 theme chondroitin 1094:1104 arg1 sulfate 1106:1112 chondroitin sulfate 1094:1112 chondroitin sulfate 1094:1112 Both native gC and gCΔmuc bound via the expected binding region to chondroitin sulfate and sulfated hyaluronan but not to the non-sulfated hyaluronan, confirming binding specificity. 26160171 2 80 contain contains 288:295 arg1 gC 285:286 gC 285:286 gC 285:286 gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. 26160171 2 80 contain contains 288:295 arg2 region 310:315 a mucin-like region 297:315 a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity 297:388 gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. 26160171 4 81 theme attachment 736:745 arg1 inhibitors 716:725 GAG-based inhibitors 706:725 GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment 706:745 The mutant virus exhibited two functional alterations as compared with native HSV-1 (i.e. decreased sensitivity to GAG-based inhibitors of virus attachment to cells and reduced release of viral particles from the surface of infected cells). 26160171 3 82 theme HSV-1 433:437 arg1 mutant 439:444 a HSV-1 mutant 431:444 a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively 431:588 Here, we address this issue by studying a HSV-1 mutant lacking the mucin-like domain in gC and the corresponding purified mutant protein (gCΔmuc) in cell culture and GAG-binding assays, respectively. 26160171 9 83 theme HSV-1 1544:1548 arg1 gC 1550:1551 HSV-1 gC 1544:1551 HSV-1 gC 1544:1551 Taken together, our data suggest that the mucin-like region of HSV-1 gC is involved in the modulation of the GAG-binding activity, a feature of importance both for unrestricted virus entry into the cells and release of newly produced viral particles from infected cells. 26160171 7 84 theme native 1225:1230 arg1 gC 1232:1233 native gC 1225:1233 native gC 1225:1233 In contrast to native gC, gCΔmuc exhibited a decreased affinity for GAGs and a slower dissociation, indicating that once formed, the gCΔmuc-GAG complex is more stable. 26160171 2 85 theme GAG-binding 334:344 arg1 site 346:349 the GAG-binding site 330:349 the GAG-binding site 330:349 gC contains a mucin-like region located near the GAG-binding site, which may affect the binding activity. 26641950 4 0 theme subtle 909:914 arg1 differences 936:946 subtle hydrodynamic volume differences 909:946 subtle hydrodynamic volume differences 909:946 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 10 1 with correlations 1538:1549 arg1 amount 1597:1602 the relative amount 1584:1602 the relative amount of the deamidation 1584:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 10 1 with correlations 1538:1549 arg1 deamidation 1611:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 3 2 theme N-linked 737:744 arg1 site 746:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 9 3 theme molecular 1421:1429 arg1 weight 1431:1436 precursor molecular weight 1411:1436 precursor molecular weight 1411:1436 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 11 4 contain has 1779:1781 arg2 potential 1795:1803 significant potential 1783:1803 significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms 1783:1896 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 11 4 contain has 1779:1781 arg1 separation 1723:1732 high resolution CZE separation 1703:1732 high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1703:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 7 5 theme isobaric 1120:1127 arg1 isomers 1140:1146 isobaric positional isomers 1120:1146 isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae 1120:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 2 6 theme mass 310:313 arg1 MS 329:330 MS 329:330 MS 329:330 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 2 6 theme mass 310:313 arg1 spectrometry 315:326 mass spectrometry 310:326 mass spectrometry (MS) 310:331 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 1 7 theme complex 196:202 arg1 biopharmaceuticals 204:221 complex biopharmaceuticals 196:221 complex biopharmaceuticals 196:221 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 1 7 theme complex 196:202 arg1 those 235:239 those 235:239 those 235:239 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 3 8 from site 746:749 arg1 glycosylation 711:723 complex glycosylation 703:723 complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 703:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 7 9 theme high 1096:1099 arg1 efficiency 1108:1117 the high column efficiency 1092:1117 the high column efficiency 1092:1117 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 3 10 theme Orbitrap 581:588 arg1 MS 596:597 an Orbitrap ELITE MS 578:597 an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 578:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 9 11 theme HCD 1459:1461 arg1 analysis 1463:1470 HCD analysis 1459:1470 HCD analysis 1459:1470 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 11 12 theme quantitative 1843:1854 arg1 analysis 1856:1863 quantitative analysis 1843:1863 quantitative analysis 1843:1863 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 7 13 theme biantennary 1175:1185 arg1 antennae 1194:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 3 14 dep interferon-β1 644:656 arg1 rhIFN-β1 667:674 rhIFN-β1 667:674 rhIFN-β1 667:674 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 14 dep interferon-β1 644:656 arg1 Avonex 659:664 Avonex 659:664 Avonex 659:664 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 8 15 theme antenna 1249:1255 arg1 arms 1277:1280 antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms 1249:1280 antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms 1249:1280 Further, triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) were separated and confirmed by exoglycosidase digestion. 26641950 8 15 theme antenna 1249:1255 arg1 isomers 1240:1246 triantennary isomers 1227:1246 triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) 1227:1281 Further, triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) were separated and confirmed by exoglycosidase digestion. 26641950 4 16 theme volume 929:934 arg1 differences 936:946 subtle hydrodynamic volume differences 909:946 subtle hydrodynamic volume differences 909:946 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 9 17 theme reduced 1479:1485 arg1 protein 1487:1493 the reduced protein 1475:1493 the reduced protein 1475:1493 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 11 18 gly glycoprotein 1744:1755 arg1 glycoprotein 1744:1755 intact glycoprotein species 1737:1763 intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1737:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 11 19 theme species 1757:1763 arg1 separation 1723:1732 high resolution CZE separation 1703:1732 high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1703:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 3 20 theme interferon-β1 644:656 arg1 analysis 614:621 the intact analysis 603:621 the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 603:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 5 21 theme 138 960:962 arg1 proteoforms 964:974 138 proteoforms 960:974 138 proteoforms 960:974 A total of 138 proteoforms were found, and 55 were quantitated. 26641950 11 22 theme intact 1737:1742 arg1 species 1757:1763 intact glycoprotein species 1737:1763 intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1737:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 0 23 theme Proteins 81:88 arg1 Characterization 36:51 Quantitative Characterization 23:51 Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins 23:88 High Resolution CZE-MS Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins: Proteoforms of Interferon-β1. 26641950 3 24 theme recombinant 626:636 arg1 biopharmaceutical 680:696 a biopharmaceutical 678:696 a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 678:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 24 theme recombinant 626:636 arg1 interferon-β1 644:656 recombinant human interferon-β1 626:656 recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1) 626:675 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 2 25 theme separation 295:304 arg1 analysis 333:340 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis 279:340 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms 279:362 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 8 26 theme exoglycosidase 1315:1328 arg1 digestion 1330:1338 exoglycosidase digestion 1315:1338 exoglycosidase digestion 1315:1338 Further, triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) were separated and confirmed by exoglycosidase digestion. 26641950 0 27 theme Interferon-β1 106:118 arg1 Proteoforms 91:101 Proteoforms 91:101 Proteoforms of Interferon-β1 91:118 High Resolution CZE-MS Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins: Proteoforms of Interferon-β1. 26641950 11 28 dep characterization 1822:1837 arg1 the 1809:1811 the 1809:1811 the 1809:1811 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 4 29 theme column 799:804 arg1 efficiencies 806:817 column efficiencies 799:817 column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates 799:852 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 10 30 theme deamidation 1648:1658 arg1 correlations 1538:1549 potential correlations 1528:1549 potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation 1528:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 10 30 theme deamidation 1648:1658 arg1 level 1639:1643 the level 1635:1643 the level of deamidation with glycan structure 1635:1680 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 2 31 theme proteins 425:432 arg1 many 435:438 many 435:438 many 435:438 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 2 31 theme proteins 425:432 arg1 characterization 400:415 the characterization 396:415 the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins 396:465 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 2 31 theme proteins 425:432 arg1 proteins 425:432 such proteins 420:432 such proteins 420:432 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 2 31 theme proteins 425:432 arg1 glycoproteins 453:465 glycoproteins 453:465 glycoproteins 453:465 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 0 32 theme High 0:3 arg1 Resolution 5:14 High Resolution 0:14 High Resolution 0:14 High Resolution CZE-MS Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins: Proteoforms of Interferon-β1. 26641950 4 33 theme cross-linked 760:771 arg1 coating 790:796 a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating 758:796 a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating 758:796 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 3 34 theme capillary 487:495 arg1 CZE 519:521 CZE 519:521 CZE 519:521 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 34 theme capillary 487:495 arg1 electrophoresis 502:516 capillary zone electrophoresis 487:516 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 487:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 7 35 theme glycan 1187:1192 arg1 antennae 1194:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 3 36 theme CESI 549:552 arg1 interface 565:573 a commercial CESI sheathless interface 536:573 a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 536:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 11 37 theme high 1703:1706 arg1 separation 1723:1732 high resolution CZE separation 1703:1732 high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1703:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 10 38 theme glycan 1665:1670 arg1 structure 1672:1680 glycan structure 1665:1680 glycan structure 1665:1680 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 3 39 gly glycosylation 711:723 arg2 site 746:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 39 gly glycosylation 711:723 arg1 biopharmaceutical 680:696 a biopharmaceutical 678:696 a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 678:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 39 gly glycosylation 711:723 arg1 interferon-β1 644:656 recombinant human interferon-β1 626:656 recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1) 626:675 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 39 gly glycosylation 711:723 arg1 site 746:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 10 40 theme potential 1528:1536 arg1 correlations 1538:1549 potential correlations 1528:1549 potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation 1528:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 11 41 theme proteoforms 1886:1896 arg1 characterization 1822:1837 in-depth characterization 1813:1837 in-depth characterization 1813:1837 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 11 41 theme proteoforms 1886:1896 arg1 analysis 1856:1863 quantitative analysis 1843:1863 quantitative analysis 1843:1863 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 7 42 theme sialic 1160:1165 arg1 acid 1167:1170 a single sialic acid 1151:1170 a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae 1151:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 2 43 theme High 279:282 arg1 separation 295:304 High resolution separation 279:304 High resolution separation 279:304 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 9 44 theme cleavage 1371:1378 arg1 Proteoforms 1341:1351 Proteoforms 1341:1351 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine 1341:1392 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 3 45 theme sheathless 554:563 arg1 interface 565:573 a commercial CESI sheathless interface 536:573 a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 536:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 10 46 theme methionine 1563:1572 arg1 loss 1574:1577 the methionine loss 1559:1577 the methionine loss 1559:1577 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 11 47 theme CZE 1719:1721 arg1 separation 1723:1732 high resolution CZE separation 1703:1732 high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1703:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 9 48 theme methionine 1383:1392 arg1 cleavage 1371:1378 the N-terminal cleavage 1356:1378 the N-terminal cleavage of methionine 1356:1392 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 0 49 theme Biopharmaceutical 63:79 arg1 Proteins 81:88 Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins 56:88 Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins 56:88 High Resolution CZE-MS Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins: Proteoforms of Interferon-β1. 26641950 10 50 with level 1639:1643 arg1 amount 1597:1602 the relative amount 1584:1602 the relative amount of the deamidation 1584:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 10 50 with level 1639:1643 arg1 deamidation 1611:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 7 51 from isomers 1140:1146 arg1 antennae 1194:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 10 52 with deamidation 1648:1658 arg1 structure 1672:1680 glycan structure 1665:1680 glycan structure 1665:1680 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 10 53 theme relative 1588:1595 arg1 amount 1597:1602 the relative amount 1584:1602 the relative amount of the deamidation 1584:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 10 53 theme relative 1588:1595 arg1 deamidation 1611:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 3 54 theme complex 703:709 arg1 glycosylation 711:723 complex glycosylation 703:723 complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 703:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 7 55 theme positional 1129:1138 arg1 isomers 1140:1146 isobaric positional isomers 1120:1146 isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae 1120:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 9 56 theme precursor 1411:1419 arg1 weight 1431:1436 precursor molecular weight 1411:1436 precursor molecular weight 1411:1436 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 3 57 theme ELITE 590:594 arg1 MS 596:597 an Orbitrap ELITE MS 578:597 an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 578:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 2 58 theme spectrometry 315:326 arg1 analysis 333:340 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis 279:340 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms 279:362 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 9 59 theme top-down 1442:1449 arg1 ETD 1451:1453 top-down ETD 1442:1453 top-down ETD 1442:1453 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 0 60 theme Intact 56:61 arg1 Proteins 81:88 Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins 56:88 Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins 56:88 High Resolution CZE-MS Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins: Proteoforms of Interferon-β1. 26641950 3 61 link N-linked 737:744 arg1 site 746:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 10 62 theme deamidation 1611:1621 arg1 amount 1597:1602 the relative amount 1584:1602 the relative amount of the deamidation 1584:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 10 62 theme deamidation 1611:1621 arg1 deamidation 1611:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 the deamidation 1607:1621 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 3 63 theme single 730:735 arg1 site 746:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 a single N-linked site 728:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 7 64 theme column 1101:1106 arg1 efficiency 1108:1117 the high column efficiency 1092:1117 the high column efficiency 1092:1117 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 2 65 theme intact 345:350 arg1 proteoforms 352:362 intact proteoforms 345:362 intact proteoforms 345:362 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 3 66 with biopharmaceutical 680:696 arg1 glycosylation 711:723 complex glycosylation 703:723 complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 703:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 1 67 theme biopharmaceuticals 204:221 arg1 characterization 176:191 the enhanced characterization 163:191 the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity 163:276 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 11 68 theme in-depth 1813:1820 arg1 characterization 1822:1837 in-depth characterization 1813:1837 in-depth characterization 1813:1837 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 3 69 theme intact 607:612 arg1 analysis 614:621 the intact analysis 603:621 the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 603:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 8 70 theme triantennary 1227:1238 arg1 arms 1277:1280 antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms 1249:1280 antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms 1249:1280 Further, triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) were separated and confirmed by exoglycosidase digestion. 26641950 8 70 theme triantennary 1227:1238 arg1 isomers 1240:1246 triantennary isomers 1227:1246 triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) 1227:1281 Further, triantennary isomers (antenna on α(1-3) or α(1-6) arms) were separated and confirmed by exoglycosidase digestion. 26641950 1 71 theme improved 129:136 arg1 methods 138:144 New and improved methods 121:144 New and improved methods 121:144 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 4 72 theme hydrodynamic 916:927 arg1 differences 936:946 subtle hydrodynamic volume differences 909:946 subtle hydrodynamic volume differences 909:946 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 3 73 theme human 638:642 arg1 biopharmaceutical 680:696 a biopharmaceutical 678:696 a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 678:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 73 theme human 638:642 arg1 interferon-β1 644:656 recombinant human interferon-β1 626:656 recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1) 626:675 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 9 74 theme protein 1487:1493 arg1 weight 1431:1436 precursor molecular weight 1411:1436 precursor molecular weight 1411:1436 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 9 74 theme protein 1487:1493 arg1 ETD 1451:1453 top-down ETD 1442:1453 top-down ETD 1442:1453 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 9 74 theme protein 1487:1493 arg1 analysis 1463:1470 HCD analysis 1459:1470 HCD analysis 1459:1470 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 2 75 theme resolution 284:293 arg1 separation 295:304 High resolution separation 279:304 High resolution separation 279:304 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 11 76 theme glycoprotein 1744:1755 arg1 species 1757:1763 intact glycoprotein species 1737:1763 intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1737:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 1 77 theme enhanced 167:174 arg1 characterization 176:191 the enhanced characterization 163:191 the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity 163:276 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 6 78 theme due 1028:1030 arg1 species 1020:1026 Charge species 1013:1026 Charge species due to deamidation and sialylation 1013:1061 Charge species due to deamidation and sialylation were separated by CZE. 26641950 7 79 from acid 1167:1170 arg1 antennae 1194:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 biantennary glycan antennae 1175:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 2 80 gly glycoproteins 453:465 arg1 many 435:438 many 435:438 many 435:438 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 2 80 gly glycoproteins 453:465 arg1 proteins 425:432 such proteins 420:432 such proteins 420:432 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 2 80 gly glycoproteins 453:465 arg1 glycoproteins 453:465 glycoproteins 453:465 glycoproteins 453:465 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 11 81 theme significant 1783:1793 arg1 potential 1795:1803 significant potential 1783:1803 significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms 1783:1896 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 6 82 theme Charge 1013:1018 arg1 species 1020:1026 Charge species 1013:1026 Charge species due to deamidation and sialylation 1013:1061 Charge species due to deamidation and sialylation were separated by CZE. 26641950 4 83 theme polyethylenimine 773:788 arg1 coating 790:796 a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating 758:796 a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating 758:796 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 11 84 theme biopharmaceutical 1868:1884 arg1 proteoforms 1886:1896 biopharmaceutical proteoforms 1868:1896 biopharmaceutical proteoforms 1868:1896 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 7 85 from antennae 1194:1201 arg1 isomers 1140:1146 isobaric positional isomers 1120:1146 isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae 1120:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 5 86 theme proteoforms 964:974 arg1 total 951:955 A total 949:955 A total of 138 proteoforms 949:974 A total of 138 proteoforms were found, and 55 were quantitated. 26641950 2 87 theme such 420:423 arg1 proteins 425:432 such proteins 420:432 such proteins 420:432 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 0 88 theme Quantitative 23:34 arg1 Characterization 36:51 Quantitative Characterization 23:51 Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins 23:88 High Resolution CZE-MS Quantitative Characterization of Intact Biopharmaceutical Proteins: Proteoforms of Interferon-β1. 26641950 1 89 theme New 121:123 arg1 methods 138:144 New and improved methods 121:144 New and improved methods 121:144 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 3 90 theme zone 497:500 arg1 CZE 519:521 CZE 519:521 CZE 519:521 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 3 90 theme zone 497:500 arg1 electrophoresis 502:516 capillary zone electrophoresis 487:516 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 487:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26641950 7 91 theme acid 1167:1170 arg1 isomers 1140:1146 isobaric positional isomers 1120:1146 isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae 1120:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 7 92 theme single 1153:1158 arg1 acid 1167:1170 a single sialic acid 1151:1170 a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae 1151:1201 Given the high column efficiency, isobaric positional isomers of a single sialic acid on biantennary glycan antennae were resolved. 26641950 9 93 theme N-terminal 1360:1369 arg1 cleavage 1371:1378 the N-terminal cleavage 1356:1378 the N-terminal cleavage of methionine 1356:1392 Proteoforms of the N-terminal cleavage of methionine were detected by precursor molecular weight and top-down ETD and HCD analysis of the reduced protein. 26641950 10 94 theme Quantitative 1496:1507 arg1 analysis 1509:1516 Quantitative analysis 1496:1516 Quantitative analysis 1496:1516 Quantitative analysis suggested potential correlations between the methionine loss with the relative amount of the deamidation, as well as the level of deamidation with glycan structure. 26641950 11 95 theme resolution 1708:1717 arg1 separation 1723:1732 high resolution CZE separation 1703:1732 high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS 1703:1777 We demonstrate that high resolution CZE separation of intact glycoprotein species coupled to MS has significant potential for the in-depth characterization and quantitative analysis of biopharmaceutical proteoforms. 26641950 2 96 theme proteoforms 352:362 arg1 analysis 333:340 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis 279:340 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms 279:362 High resolution separation and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of intact proteoforms can contribute significantly to the characterization of such proteins, many of which are glycoproteins. 26641950 1 97 theme glycan 257:262 arg1 heterogeneity 264:276 glycan heterogeneity 257:276 glycan heterogeneity 257:276 New and improved methods are required for the enhanced characterization of complex biopharmaceuticals, especially those with charge and glycan heterogeneity. 26641950 4 98 link cross-linked 760:771 arg1 coating 790:796 a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating 758:796 a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating 758:796 Using a cross-linked polyethylenimine coating, column efficiencies between 350,000 and 450,000 plates were produced, allowing separation based on charge and subtle hydrodynamic volume differences. 26641950 3 99 theme commercial 538:547 arg1 interface 565:573 a commercial CESI sheathless interface 536:573 a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site 536:749 Here, we report on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled via a commercial CESI sheathless interface to an Orbitrap ELITE MS for the intact analysis of recombinant human interferon-β1 (Avonex, rhIFN-β1), a biopharmaceutical with complex glycosylation at a single N-linked site. 26039217 0 0 with Association 91:101 arg1 Asthma 108:113 Asthma 108:113 Asthma 108:113 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 9 1 theme pore-loop 1453:1461 arg1 comparable 1481:1490 comparable 1481:1490 comparable 1481:1490 The pore-loop residue R919Q was comparable to wild-type, whereas N954T was inactive to soluble agonists but not CFA. 26039217 9 1 theme pore-loop 1453:1461 arg1 R919Q 1471:1475 The pore-loop residue R919Q 1449:1475 The pore-loop residue R919Q 1449:1475 The pore-loop residue R919Q was comparable to wild-type, whereas N954T was inactive to soluble agonists but not CFA. 26039217 11 2 theme pollution 1971:1979 arg1 levels 1957:1962 high levels 1952:1962 high levels of air pollution 1952:1979 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 10 3 theme N-linked 1627:1634 arg1 glycans 1636:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 5 4 theme 3,5-ditert 906:915 arg1 butylphenol 917:927 3,5-ditert butylphenol 906:927 3,5-ditert butylphenol 906:927 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 8 5 theme N-linked 1289:1296 arg1 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 5 theme N-linked 1289:1296 arg1 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 5 theme N-linked 1289:1296 arg1 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 10 6 theme cell 1614:1617 arg1 glycans 1636:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 3 7 theme sensitive 550:558 arg1 forms 560:564 uniquely sensitive forms 541:564 uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 541:573 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 4 8 theme TRPA1 635:639 arg1 forms 626:630 Variant forms 618:630 Variant forms of TRPA1 618:639 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 10 9 theme selected 1649:1656 arg1 residues 1675:1682 selected pore-loop domain residues 1649:1682 selected pore-loop domain residues 1649:1682 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 11 10 theme TRPA1 1856:1860 arg1 activity 1862:1869 TRPA1 activity 1856:1869 TRPA1 activity 1856:1869 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 7 11 theme ankyrin 1166:1172 arg1 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 11 theme ankyrin 1166:1172 arg1 polymorphisms 1208:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms 1162:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N 1162:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 11 theme ankyrin 1166:1172 arg1 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 5 12 theme soluble 875:881 arg1 agonist 897:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 12 theme soluble 875:881 arg1 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 3 13 with children 446:453 arg1 asthma 460:465 asthma 460:465 asthma 460:465 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 8 14 gly glycosylation 1298:1310 arg2 site 1312:1315 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 14 gly glycosylation 1298:1310 arg2 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 14 gly glycosylation 1298:1310 arg2 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 14 gly glycosylation 1298:1310 arg2 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 1 15 theme receptor 153:160 arg1 ankyrin-1 172:180 transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 143:180 transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) 143:188 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 1 15 theme receptor 153:160 arg1 TRPA1 183:187 TRPA1 183:187 TRPA1 183:187 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 9 16 theme soluble 1536:1542 arg1 agonists 1544:1551 soluble agonists 1536:1551 soluble agonists but not CFA 1536:1563 The pore-loop residue R919Q was comparable to wild-type, whereas N954T was inactive to soluble agonists but not CFA. 26039217 8 17 theme decreased 1352:1360 arg1 responses 1362:1370 decreased responses 1352:1370 decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization 1352:1446 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 11 18 theme R58T 1760:1763 arg1 polymorphisms 1765:1777 the R3C and R58T polymorphisms 1748:1777 the R3C and R58T polymorphisms 1748:1777 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 0 19 theme Particulate 66:76 arg1 Material 78:85 Insoluble Particulate Material 56:85 Insoluble Particulate Material 56:85 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 0 20 theme Transient 14:22 arg1 Ankyrin-1 43:51 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 14:51 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 14:51 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 4 21 theme functional 688:697 arg1 elements 699:706 known functional elements 682:706 known functional elements 682:706 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 5 22 theme soluble 932:938 arg1 agonist 957:963 a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist 930:963 a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist 930:963 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 1 23 theme Inhaled 116:122 arg1 irritants 124:132 Inhaled irritants 116:132 Inhaled irritants 116:132 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 11 24 theme reduced 1795:1801 arg1 control 1810:1816 reduced asthma control 1795:1816 reduced asthma control 1795:1816 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 11 25 theme air 1967:1969 arg1 pollution 1971:1979 air pollution 1967:1979 air pollution 1967:1979 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 11 26 theme prone 1943:1947 arg1 locations 1933:1941 locations 1933:1941 locations prone to high levels of air pollution 1933:1979 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 5 27 theme insoluble 1014:1022 arg1 ash 1033:1035 insoluble coal fly ash 1014:1035 insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) 1014:1041 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 27 theme insoluble 1014:1022 arg1 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 3 28 theme chemical 403:410 arg1 agonists 412:419 chemical agonists 403:419 chemical agonists 403:419 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 3 29 theme air 512:514 arg1 pollution 516:524 air pollution 512:524 air pollution 512:524 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 7 30 theme single 1190:1195 arg1 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 30 theme single 1190:1195 arg1 polymorphisms 1208:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms 1162:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N 1162:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 30 theme single 1190:1195 arg1 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 4 31 from polymorphisms 747:759 arg1 domains 775:781 functional domains 764:781 functional domains 764:781 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 3 32 theme distinct 389:396 arg1 mechanism 379:387 a mechanism 377:387 a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists 377:419 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 4 33 theme functional 764:773 arg1 domains 775:781 functional domains 764:781 functional domains 764:781 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 7 34 theme repeat 1174:1179 arg1 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 34 theme repeat 1174:1179 arg1 polymorphisms 1208:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms 1162:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N 1162:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 34 theme repeat 1174:1179 arg1 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 5 35 theme exhaust 991:997 arg1 particles 999:1007 diesel exhaust particles 984:1007 diesel exhaust particles 984:1007 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 8 36 theme cellular 1426:1433 arg1 localization 1435:1446 cellular localization 1426:1446 cellular localization 1426:1446 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 11 37 theme high 1952:1955 arg1 levels 1957:1962 high levels 1952:1962 high levels of air pollution 1952:1979 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 0 38 theme Potential 33:41 arg1 Ankyrin-1 43:51 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 14:51 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 14:51 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 10 39 from roles 1586:1590 arg1 activation 1691:1700 the activation 1687:1700 the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles 1687:1732 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 3 40 theme prone 488:492 arg1 location 479:486 a location 477:486 a location prone to high levels of air pollution 477:524 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 5 41 theme transfected 814:824 arg1 cells 834:838 transfected HEK-293 cells 814:838 transfected HEK-293 cells 814:838 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 3 42 theme asthma 602:607 arg1 control 609:615 reduced asthma control 594:615 reduced asthma control 594:615 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 0 43 with Activation 0:9 arg1 Asthma 108:113 Asthma 108:113 Asthma 108:113 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 8 44 link N-linked 1289:1296 arg1 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 44 link N-linked 1289:1296 arg1 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 44 link N-linked 1289:1296 arg1 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 5 45 theme fly 1029:1031 arg1 ash 1033:1035 insoluble coal fly ash 1014:1035 insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) 1014:1041 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 45 theme fly 1029:1031 arg1 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 8 46 dep residues 1317:1324 arg1 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 46 dep residues 1317:1324 arg1 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 46 dep residues 1317:1324 arg1 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 3 47 theme high 497:500 arg1 levels 502:507 high levels 497:507 high levels of air pollution 497:524 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 5 48 dep allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 arg1 particles 1043:1051 particles 1043:1051 particles 1043:1051 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 2 49 theme asthma 304:309 arg1 pathogenesis 288:299 the pathogenesis 284:299 the pathogenesis of asthma 284:309 TRPA1 is also implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. 26039217 4 50 from residues 670:677 arg1 elements 699:706 known functional elements 682:706 known functional elements 682:706 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 9 51 theme residue 1463:1469 arg1 comparable 1481:1490 comparable 1481:1490 comparable 1481:1490 The pore-loop residue R919Q was comparable to wild-type, whereas N954T was inactive to soluble agonists but not CFA. 26039217 9 51 theme residue 1463:1469 arg1 R919Q 1471:1475 The pore-loop residue R919Q 1449:1475 The pore-loop residue R919Q 1449:1475 The pore-loop residue R919Q was comparable to wild-type, whereas N954T was inactive to soluble agonists but not CFA. 26039217 10 52 theme ankyrin 1596:1602 arg1 domain-4 1604:1611 ankyrin domain-4 1596:1611 ankyrin domain-4 1596:1611 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 10 53 link N-linked 1627:1634 arg1 glycans 1636:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 3 54 theme pollution 516:524 arg1 levels 502:507 high levels 497:507 high levels of air pollution 497:524 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 5 55 theme electrophilic 883:895 arg1 agonist 897:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 55 theme electrophilic 883:895 arg1 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 3 56 theme forms 560:564 arg1 expression 527:536 expression 527:536 expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 527:573 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 10 57 theme surface 1619:1625 arg1 glycans 1636:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 cell surface N-linked glycans 1614:1642 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 8 58 theme predicted 1279:1287 arg1 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 58 theme predicted 1279:1287 arg1 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 58 theme predicted 1279:1287 arg1 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 10 59 theme pore-loop 1658:1666 arg1 residues 1675:1682 selected pore-loop domain residues 1649:1682 selected pore-loop domain residues 1649:1682 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 5 60 theme model 869:873 arg1 agonist 897:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 60 theme model 869:873 arg1 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 8 61 theme glycosylation 1298:1310 arg1 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 61 theme glycosylation 1298:1310 arg1 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 61 theme glycosylation 1298:1310 arg1 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 3 62 theme TRPA1 569:573 arg1 forms 560:564 uniquely sensitive forms 541:564 uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 541:573 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 5 63 theme nonelectrophilic 940:955 arg1 agonist 957:963 a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist 930:963 a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist 930:963 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 1 64 theme transient 143:151 arg1 ankyrin-1 172:180 transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 143:180 transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) 143:188 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 1 64 theme transient 143:151 arg1 TRPA1 183:187 TRPA1 183:187 TRPA1 183:187 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 7 65 theme decreased 1248:1256 arg1 response 1258:1265 decreased response 1248:1265 decreased response to CFA 1248:1272 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 3 66 theme reduced 594:600 arg1 control 609:615 reduced asthma control 594:615 reduced asthma control 594:615 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 1 67 theme potential 162:170 arg1 ankyrin-1 172:180 transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 143:180 transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) 143:188 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 1 67 theme potential 162:170 arg1 TRPA1 183:187 TRPA1 183:187 TRPA1 183:187 Inhaled irritants activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), resulting in cough, bronchoconstriction, and inflammation/edema. 26039217 5 68 theme TRPA1 784:788 arg1 activity 790:797 TRPA1 activity 784:797 TRPA1 activity 784:797 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 3 69 theme particulate 336:346 arg1 materials 348:356 particulate materials 336:356 particulate materials 336:356 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 4 70 theme known 682:686 arg1 elements 699:706 known functional elements 682:706 known functional elements 682:706 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 ash 1033:1035 insoluble coal fly ash 1014:1035 insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) 1014:1041 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 agonist 957:963 a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist 930:963 a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist 930:963 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 butylphenol 917:927 3,5-ditert butylphenol 906:927 3,5-ditert butylphenol 906:927 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 component 971:979 a component 969:979 a component of diesel exhaust particles 969:1007 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 allyl-isothiocynate 846:864 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 71 theme particles 999:1007 arg1 agonist 897:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 a model soluble electrophilic agonist 867:903 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 11 72 theme asthma 1803:1808 arg1 control 1810:1816 reduced asthma control 1795:1816 reduced asthma control 1795:1816 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 7 73 theme nucleotide 1197:1206 arg1 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 73 theme nucleotide 1197:1206 arg1 polymorphisms 1208:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms 1162:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N 1162:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 73 theme nucleotide 1197:1206 arg1 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 4 74 theme Variant 618:624 arg1 forms 626:630 Variant forms 618:630 Variant forms of TRPA1 618:639 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 6 75 theme greater 1101:1107 arg1 activity 1128:1135 greater, but not additive, activity 1101:1135 greater, but not additive, activity 1101:1135 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 6 76 dep variants 1069:1076 arg1 variants 1069:1076 The N-terminal variants 1054:1076 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T 1054:1089 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 6 76 dep variants 1069:1076 arg1 R58T 1086:1089 R58T 1086:1089 R58T 1086:1089 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 6 76 dep variants 1069:1076 arg1 R3C 1078:1080 R3C 1078:1080 R3C 1078:1080 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 3 77 theme children 446:453 arg1 cohort 436:441 a cohort 434:441 a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution 434:524 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 5 78 theme HEK-293 826:832 arg1 cells 834:838 transfected HEK-293 cells 814:838 transfected HEK-293 cells 814:838 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 3 79 from agonists 412:419 arg1 distinct 389:396 distinct 389:396 distinct 389:396 Our hypothesis was that particulate materials activate TRPA1 via a mechanism distinct from chemical agonists and that, in a cohort of children with asthma living in a location prone to high levels of air pollution, expression of uniquely sensitive forms of TRPA1 may correlate with reduced asthma control. 26039217 4 80 theme single-nucleotide 729:745 arg1 polymorphisms 747:759 single-nucleotide polymorphisms 729:759 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains 729:781 Variant forms of TRPA1 were constructed by mutating residues in known functional elements and corresponding to single-nucleotide polymorphisms in functional domains. 26039217 10 81 theme domain 1668:1673 arg1 residues 1675:1682 selected pore-loop domain residues 1649:1682 selected pore-loop domain residues 1649:1682 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 0 82 theme Receptor 24:31 arg1 Ankyrin-1 43:51 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 14:51 Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 14:51 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 5 83 theme diesel 984:989 arg1 particles 999:1007 diesel exhaust particles 984:1007 diesel exhaust particles 984:1007 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 10 84 theme TRPA1 1705:1709 arg1 activation 1691:1700 the activation 1687:1700 the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles 1687:1732 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 0 85 theme Ankyrin-1 43:51 arg1 Activation 0:9 Activation 0:9 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material 0:85 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 0 85 theme Ankyrin-1 43:51 arg1 Association 91:101 Association 91:101 Association with Asthma 91:113 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 8 86 theme site 1312:1315 arg1 residues 1317:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues 1275:1324 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A 1275:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 86 theme site 1312:1315 arg1 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 N753A 1336:1340 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 8 86 theme site 1312:1315 arg1 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 N747A 1326:1330 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 26039217 6 87 theme N-terminal 1058:1067 arg1 variants 1069:1076 The N-terminal variants 1054:1076 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T 1054:1089 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 6 87 theme N-terminal 1058:1067 arg1 R58T 1086:1089 R58T 1086:1089 R58T 1086:1089 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 6 87 theme N-terminal 1058:1067 arg1 R3C 1078:1080 R3C 1078:1080 R3C 1078:1080 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 0 88 theme Insoluble 56:64 arg1 Material 78:85 Insoluble Particulate Material 56:85 Insoluble Particulate Material 56:85 Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 by Insoluble Particulate Material and Association with Asthma. 26039217 7 89 dep polymorphisms 1208:1220 arg1 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 89 dep polymorphisms 1208:1220 arg1 polymorphisms 1208:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms 1162:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N 1162:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 89 dep polymorphisms 1208:1220 arg1 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 11 90 theme R3C 1752:1754 arg1 polymorphisms 1765:1777 the R3C and R58T polymorphisms 1748:1777 the R3C and R58T polymorphisms 1748:1777 Furthermore, the R3C and R58T polymorphisms correlated with reduced asthma control for some children, which suggest that TRPA1 activity may modulate asthma, particularly among individuals living in locations prone to high levels of air pollution. 26039217 5 91 theme coal 1024:1027 arg1 ash 1033:1035 insoluble coal fly ash 1014:1035 insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) 1014:1041 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 5 91 theme coal 1024:1027 arg1 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 CFA 1038:1040 TRPA1 activity was studied in transfected HEK-293 cells using allyl-isothiocynate, a model soluble electrophilic agonist; 3,5-ditert butylphenol, a soluble nonelectrophilic agonist and a component of diesel exhaust particles; and insoluble coal fly ash (CFA) particles. 26039217 10 92 theme insoluble 1714:1722 arg1 particles 1724:1732 insoluble particles 1714:1732 insoluble particles 1714:1732 These data identify roles for ankyrin domain-4, cell surface N-linked glycans, and selected pore-loop domain residues in the activation of TRPA1 by insoluble particles. 26039217 6 93 theme additive 1118:1125 arg1 activity 1128:1135 greater, but not additive, activity 1101:1135 greater, but not additive, activity 1101:1135 The N-terminal variants R3C and R58T exhibited greater, but not additive, activity with all three agonists. 26039217 7 94 theme domain-4 1181:1188 arg1 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 E179K 1222:1226 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 94 theme domain-4 1181:1188 arg1 polymorphisms 1208:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms 1162:1220 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N 1162:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 7 94 theme domain-4 1181:1188 arg1 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 K186N 1232:1236 The ankyrin repeat domain-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms E179K and K186N exhibited decreased response to CFA. 26039217 8 95 from differences 1411:1421 arg1 localization 1435:1446 cellular localization 1426:1446 cellular localization 1426:1446 The predicted N-linked glycosylation site residues N747A and N753A exhibited decreased responses to CFA, which were not attributable to differences in cellular localization. 27664852 0 0 theme lectin 119:124 arg1 characteristics 17:31 Physico-chemical characteristics 0:31 Physico-chemical characteristics 0:31 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 0 0 theme lectin 119:124 arg1 structure 45:53 primary structure 37:53 primary structure 37:53 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 4 1 theme Fuc 807:809 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 5 2 theme defense 1307:1313 arg1 mechanism 1315:1323 the defense mechanism 1303:1323 the defense mechanism of the plant 1303:1336 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 0 3 from characteristics 17:31 arg1 latex 135:139 the latex 131:139 the latex of mulberry (Morus indica) 131:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 4 4 gly N-glycosylation 669:683 arg2 Asn47 691:695 Asn47 691:695 Asn47 691:695 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 4 gly N-glycosylation 669:683 arg2 site 685:688 one N-glycosylation site 665:688 one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 665:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 4 gly N-glycosylation 669:683 arg2 one 665:667 one 665:667 one 665:667 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 1 5 theme α-D-galactose 172:184 arg1 lectin 195:200 An α-D-galactose specific lectin 169:200 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) 169:257 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 5 6 theme cell 1213:1216 arg1 lines 1218:1222 both cell lines 1208:1222 both cell lines 1208:1222 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 7 theme Gal 811:813 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 5 8 theme differential 954:965 arg1 calorimetry 976:986 differential scanning calorimetry 954:986 differential scanning calorimetry 954:986 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 3 9 theme amino 569:573 arg1 acids 575:579 133 amino acids 565:579 133 amino acids 565:579 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 3 10 theme lighter 589:595 arg1 chain 597:601 the lighter chain 585:601 the lighter chain 585:601 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 5 11 theme MTT 1044:1046 arg1 viability 1116:1124 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 5 12 theme lectin 905:910 arg1 structure 888:896 the secondary structure 874:896 the secondary structure of the lectin 874:910 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 13 theme complex 765:771 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 14 theme type 733:736 arg1 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 14 theme type 733:736 arg1 Man3 751:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3 719:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] 719:760 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 5 15 theme dichroism 836:844 arg1 spectroscopy 846:857 Circular dichroism spectroscopy 827:857 Circular dichroism spectroscopy 827:857 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 16 theme Xyl 796:798 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 17 theme Fuc 747:749 arg1 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 17 theme Fuc 747:749 arg1 Man3 751:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3 719:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] 719:760 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 1 18 theme specific 186:193 arg1 lectin 195:200 An α-D-galactose specific lectin 169:200 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) 169:257 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 5 19 theme Circular 827:834 arg1 spectroscopy 846:857 Circular dichroism spectroscopy 827:857 Circular dichroism spectroscopy 827:857 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 20 theme heavier 642:648 arg1 chain 650:654 The heavier chain 638:654 The heavier chain 638:654 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 0 21 from structure 45:53 arg1 latex 135:139 the latex 131:139 the latex of mulberry (Morus indica) 131:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 4 22 theme GlcNAc 800:805 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 2 23 theme spectrometric 335:347 arg1 data 349:352 Mass spectrometric data 330:352 Mass spectrometric data 330:352 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 0 24 theme Physico-chemical 0:15 arg1 characteristics 17:31 Physico-chemical characteristics 0:31 Physico-chemical characteristics 0:31 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 1 25 theme affinity 280:287 arg1 chromatography 289:302 affinity chromatography 280:302 affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum 280:327 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 1 26 from chromatography 289:302 arg1 guar-gum 320:327 cross-linked guar-gum 307:327 cross-linked guar-gum 307:327 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 2 27 theme Mass 330:333 arg1 data 349:352 Mass spectrometric data 330:352 Mass spectrometric data 330:352 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 5 28 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 1077:1100 arg1 MTT 1044:1046 77.6 °C. MTT 1035:1046 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 5 28 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 1077:1100 arg1 bromide 1102:1108 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1049:1108 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1049:1108 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 29 contain contains 656:663 arg1 chain 650:654 The heavier chain 638:654 The heavier chain 638:654 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 29 contain contains 656:663 arg2 Asn47 691:695 Asn47 691:695 Asn47 691:695 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 29 contain contains 656:663 arg2 site 685:688 one N-glycosylation site 665:688 one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 665:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 0 30 theme primary 37:43 arg1 structure 45:53 primary structure 37:53 primary structure 37:53 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 5 31 theme MCF-7 1136:1140 arg1 cells 1151:1155 MCF-7 and MDCK cells 1136:1155 cells 1151:1155 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 2 32 theme lectins 458:464 arg1 members 412:418 all the members 404:418 all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL) 404:471 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 5 33 theme secondary 878:886 arg1 structure 888:896 the secondary structure 874:896 the secondary structure of the lectin 874:910 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 0 34 theme mulberry 144:151 arg1 latex 135:139 the latex 131:139 the latex of mulberry (Morus indica) 131:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 5 35 theme denaturation 1007:1018 arg1 temperature 1020:1030 a thermal denaturation temperature 997:1030 a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant 997:1336 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 0 36 dep α-D-galactose-specific 79:100 arg1 jacalin-related 103:117 jacalin-related 103:117 jacalin-related 103:117 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 2 37 theme jacalin-related 442:456 arg1 gJRL 467:470 gJRL 467:470 gJRL 467:470 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 2 37 theme jacalin-related 442:456 arg1 lectins 458:464 galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins 423:464 galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL) 423:471 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 5 38 theme MDCK 1146:1149 arg1 cells 1151:1155 MCF-7 and MDCK cells 1136:1155 cells 1151:1155 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 1 39 theme cross-linked 307:318 arg1 guar-gum 320:327 cross-linked guar-gum 307:327 cross-linked guar-gum 307:327 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 3 40 theme De 474:475 arg1 sequencing 482:491 De novo sequencing 474:491 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides 474:515 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 4 41 theme Fuc 787:789 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 2 42 theme galactose-specific 423:440 arg1 gJRL 467:470 gJRL 467:470 gJRL 467:470 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 2 42 theme galactose-specific 423:440 arg1 lectins 458:464 galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins 423:464 galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL) 423:471 Mass spectrometric data revealed that the protein harbors two chains like all the members of galactose-specific jacalin-related lectins (gJRL). 27664852 4 43 theme N-glycosylation 669:683 arg1 Asn47 691:695 Asn47 691:695 Asn47 691:695 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 43 theme N-glycosylation 669:683 arg1 site 685:688 one N-glycosylation site 665:688 one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 665:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 0 44 theme Morus 154:158 arg1 mulberry 144:151 mulberry 144:151 mulberry (Morus indica) 144:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 0 44 theme Morus 154:158 arg1 indica 160:165 Morus indica 154:165 Morus indica 154:165 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 1 45 theme jacalin-related 229:243 arg1 JRL 254:256 JRL 254:256 JRL 254:256 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 1 45 theme jacalin-related 229:243 arg1 lectins 245:251 jacalin-related lectins 229:251 jacalin-related lectins (JRL) 229:257 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 0 46 theme affinity-purified 61:77 arg1 lectin 119:124 an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin 58:124 an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica) 58:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 5 47 theme cell 1111:1114 arg1 viability 1116:1124 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 5 48 theme 77.6 °C. 1035:1042 arg1 MTT 1044:1046 77.6 °C. MTT 1035:1046 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 5 48 theme 77.6 °C. 1035:1042 arg1 bromide 1102:1108 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1049:1108 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1049:1108 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 49 theme Man3 791:794 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 50 theme pauci-mannose 719:731 arg1 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 50 theme pauci-mannose 719:731 arg1 Man3 751:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3 719:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] 719:760 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 5 51 theme viability 1116:1124 arg1 temperature 1020:1030 a thermal denaturation temperature 997:1030 a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant 997:1336 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 5 52 theme scanning 967:974 arg1 calorimetry 976:986 differential scanning calorimetry 954:986 differential scanning calorimetry 954:986 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 3 53 theme heavier 539:545 arg1 chain 547:551 the heavier chain 535:551 the heavier chain 535:551 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 4 54 theme type 773:776 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 5 55 from assays 1126:1131 arg1 cells 1151:1155 MCF-7 and MDCK cells 1136:1155 cells 1151:1155 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 0 56 from latex 135:139 arg1 lectin 119:124 an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin 58:124 an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica) 58:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 0 56 from latex 135:139 arg1 characteristics 17:31 Physico-chemical characteristics 0:31 Physico-chemical characteristics 0:31 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 0 56 from latex 135:139 arg1 structure 45:53 primary structure 37:53 primary structure 37:53 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 3 57 dep De 474:475 arg1 novo 477:480 novo 477:480 novo 477:480 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 5 58 theme plant 1332:1336 arg1 mechanism 1315:1323 the defense mechanism 1303:1323 the defense mechanism of the plant 1303:1336 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 3 59 theme proteolytic 496:506 arg1 peptides 508:515 proteolytic peptides 496:515 proteolytic peptides 496:515 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 1 60 theme lectins 245:251 arg1 family 219:224 the family 215:224 the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) 215:257 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 3 61 theme peptides 508:515 arg1 sequencing 482:491 De novo sequencing 474:491 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides 474:515 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 4 62 theme [GlcNAc2 738:745 arg1 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 Xyl 756:758 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 4 62 theme [GlcNAc2 738:745 arg1 Man3 751:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3 719:754 pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] 719:760 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 5 63 theme thermal 999:1005 arg1 temperature 1020:1030 a thermal denaturation temperature 997:1030 a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant 997:1336 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 4 64 theme [GlcNAc2 778:785 arg1 N-glycans 816:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans 765:824 The heavier chain contains one N-glycosylation site (Asn47) occupied with either pauci-mannose type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)] or complex type [GlcNAc2(Fuc)Man3(Xyl)GlcNAc(Fuc)Gal] N-glycans. 27664852 1 65 link cross-linked 307:318 arg1 guar-gum 320:327 cross-linked guar-gum 307:327 cross-linked guar-gum 307:327 An α-D-galactose specific lectin belonging to the family of jacalin-related lectins (JRL) has been purified by affinity chromatography on cross-linked guar-gum. 27664852 5 66 theme micromolar 1238:1247 arg1 concentrations 1249:1262 micromolar concentrations 1238:1262 micromolar concentrations 1238:1262 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 0 67 theme α-D-galactose-specific 79:100 arg1 lectin 119:124 an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin 58:124 an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica) 58:166 Physico-chemical characteristics and primary structure of an affinity-purified α-D-galactose-specific, jacalin-related lectin from the latex of mulberry (Morus indica). 27664852 5 68 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl 1052:1075 arg1 MTT 1044:1046 77.6 °C. MTT 1035:1046 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability 1035:1124 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 5 68 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl 1052:1075 arg1 bromide 1102:1108 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1049:1108 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 1049:1108 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 27664852 3 69 theme amino 625:629 arg1 acids 631:635 of 21 or 24 amino acids 613:635 of 21 or 24 amino acids 613:635 De novo sequencing of proteolytic peptides demonstrated that the heavier chain consists of 133 amino acids and the lighter chain comprises of 21 or 24 amino acids. 27664852 5 70 dep temperature 1020:1030 arg1 showed 1157:1162 showed 1157:1162 showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant 1157:1336 Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the secondary structure of the lectin is predominantly made up of β-sheets, and differential scanning calorimetry revealed a thermal denaturation temperature of 77.6 °C. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell viability assays on MCF-7 and MDCK cells showed that the lectin is highly cytotoxic towards both cell lines when dosed at micromolar concentrations, suggesting that it may play a role in the defense mechanism of the plant. 29137999 8 0 theme healthy 1374:1380 arg1 aging 1382:1386 healthy aging 1374:1386 healthy aging 1374:1386 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 2 1 from influence 161:169 arg1 function 208:215 function 208:215 function 208:215 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 2 1 from influence 161:169 arg1 structure 194:202 fibrinogen structure 183:202 fibrinogen structure 183:202 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 2 2 theme main 132:135 arg1 factor 149:154 the main coagulation factor 128:154 the main coagulation factor 128:154 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 2 2 theme main 132:135 arg1 fibrinogen 114:123 fibrinogen 114:123 fibrinogen 114:123 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 5 3 contain have 694:697 arg1 molecules 684:692 fibrinogen molecules 673:692 fibrinogen molecules 673:692 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 5 3 contain have 694:697 arg2 structure 719:727 more densely packed structure 699:727 more densely packed structure 699:727 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 5 4 theme additional 747:756 arg1 products 781:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 6 5 theme functional 839:848 arg1 analysis 850:857 functional analysis 839:857 functional analysis 839:857 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 6 theme reduced 919:925 arg1 time 936:939 reduced clotting time 919:939 reduced clotting time 919:939 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 7 theme galactose 585:593 arg1 content 574:580 greater content 566:580 greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 566:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 5 8 theme end 777:779 arg1 products 781:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 7 9 from changes 1205:1211 arg1 aging 1238:1242 healthy aging 1230:1242 healthy aging 1230:1242 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging most likely affect its structure and function, namely clotting time. 29137999 5 10 theme packed 712:717 arg1 structure 719:727 more densely packed structure 699:727 more densely packed structure 699:727 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 4 11 theme increased 392:400 arg1 glycosylation 402:414 increased glycosylation 392:414 increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging 392:441 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 6 12 from differences 1008:1018 arg1 reactivity 1125:1134 reactivity 1125:1134 reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1125:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 12 from differences 1008:1018 arg1 density 1055:1061 maximal optical density 1039:1061 maximal optical density of fibrin clot 1039:1076 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 12 from differences 1008:1018 arg1 porosity 1113:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 12 from differences 1008:1018 arg1 diameter 1079:1086 diameter 1079:1086 diameter of fibrin fibres 1079:1103 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 12 from differences 1008:1018 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 13 theme residues 619:626 arg1 content 574:580 greater content 566:580 greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 566:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 8 14 theme mechanisms 1426:1435 arg1 understanding 1409:1421 deeper understanding 1402:1421 deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity 1402:1461 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 6 15 theme positive 959:966 arg1 correlation 968:978 significant positive correlation 947:978 significant positive correlation with age 947:987 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 16 theme fibrinogen 419:428 arg1 glycosylation 402:414 increased glycosylation 392:414 increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging 392:441 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 17 theme N-acetylglucosamine 599:617 arg1 residues 619:626 N-acetylglucosamine residues 599:626 N-acetylglucosamine residues 599:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 18 theme high-mannose 473:484 arg1 N-glycans 501:509 high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans 473:509 N-glycans 501:509 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 6 19 theme analysis 850:857 arg1 results 828:834 the results 824:834 the results of functional analysis 824:857 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 1 20 theme Different 62:70 arg1 factors 72:78 Different factors 62:78 Different factors 62:78 Different factors affect coagulation process. 29137999 2 21 theme coagulation 137:147 arg1 factor 149:154 the main coagulation factor 128:154 the main coagulation factor 128:154 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 2 21 theme coagulation 137:147 arg1 fibrinogen 114:123 fibrinogen 114:123 fibrinogen 114:123 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 5 22 theme fibrinogen 673:682 arg1 molecules 684:692 fibrinogen molecules 673:692 fibrinogen molecules 673:692 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 4 23 theme microarray 359:368 arg1 analysis 370:377 Lectin microarray analysis 352:377 Lectin microarray analysis 352:377 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 6 24 theme clot 1073:1076 arg1 density 1055:1061 maximal optical density 1039:1061 maximal optical density of fibrin clot 1039:1076 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 24 theme clot 1073:1076 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 25 theme hybrid 489:494 arg1 N-glycans 501:509 high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans 473:509 N-glycans 501:509 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 26 theme Lectin 352:357 arg1 analysis 370:377 Lectin microarray analysis 352:377 Lectin microarray analysis 352:377 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 27 with N-glycans 551:559 arg1 content 574:580 greater content 566:580 greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 566:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 6 28 theme significant 947:957 arg1 correlation 968:978 significant positive correlation 947:978 significant positive correlation with age 947:987 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 29 theme fibrin 1106:1111 arg1 porosity 1113:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 29 theme fibrin 1106:1111 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 0 30 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 changes 26:32 Structural and functional changes 0:32 Structural and functional changes of fibrinogen due to aging. 0:60 Structural and functional changes of fibrinogen due to aging. 29137999 4 31 theme greater 566:572 arg1 content 574:580 greater content 566:580 greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 566:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 7 32 theme Glycosylation 1191:1203 arg1 changes 1205:1211 Glycosylation changes 1191:1211 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging 1191:1242 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging most likely affect its structure and function, namely clotting time. 29137999 1 33 theme coagulation 87:97 arg1 process 99:105 coagulation process 87:105 coagulation process 87:105 Different factors affect coagulation process. 29137999 6 34 theme clotting 1023:1030 arg1 reactivity 1125:1134 reactivity 1125:1134 reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1125:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 34 theme clotting 1023:1030 arg1 density 1055:1061 maximal optical density 1039:1061 maximal optical density of fibrin clot 1039:1076 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 34 theme clotting 1023:1030 arg1 porosity 1113:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 34 theme clotting 1023:1030 arg1 diameter 1079:1086 diameter 1079:1086 diameter of fibrin fibres 1079:1103 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 34 theme clotting 1023:1030 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 7 35 theme clotting 1298:1305 arg1 structure 1267:1275 structure 1267:1275 structure 1267:1275 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging most likely affect its structure and function, namely clotting time. 29137999 7 35 theme clotting 1298:1305 arg1 time 1307:1310 clotting time 1298:1310 namely clotting time 1291:1310 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging most likely affect its structure and function, namely clotting time. 29137999 6 36 theme fibrinogen 860:869 arg1 molecules 871:879 fibrinogen molecules 860:879 fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons 860:907 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 37 theme fibres 1098:1103 arg1 diameter 1079:1086 diameter 1079:1086 diameter of fibrin fibres 1079:1103 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 37 theme fibres 1098:1103 arg1 porosity 1113:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 fibrin porosity 1106:1120 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 37 theme fibres 1098:1103 arg1 reactivity 1125:1134 reactivity 1125:1134 reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1125:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 37 theme fibres 1098:1103 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 0 38 theme functional 15:24 arg1 changes 26:32 Structural and functional changes 0:32 Structural and functional changes of fibrinogen due to aging. 0:60 Structural and functional changes of fibrinogen due to aging. 29137999 4 39 from increase 461:468 arg1 N-glycans 551:559 tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans 523:559 tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 523:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 39 from increase 461:468 arg1 N-glycans 501:509 high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans 473:509 N-glycans 501:509 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 2 40 theme aging 174:178 arg1 influence 161:169 the influence 157:169 the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function 157:215 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 8 41 theme responsible 1437:1447 arg1 mechanisms 1426:1435 mechanisms 1426:1435 mechanisms responsible for longevity 1426:1461 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 6 42 theme fibrin 1091:1096 arg1 fibres 1098:1103 fibrin fibres 1091:1103 fibrin fibres 1091:1103 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 0 43 theme fibrinogen 37:46 arg1 changes 26:32 Structural and functional changes 0:32 Structural and functional changes of fibrinogen due to aging. 0:60 Structural and functional changes of fibrinogen due to aging. 29137999 6 44 with correlation 968:978 arg1 age 985:987 age 985:987 age 985:987 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 5 45 theme advanced 758:765 arg1 products 781:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 6 46 theme clotting 927:934 arg1 time 936:939 reduced clotting time 919:939 reduced clotting time 919:939 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 47 theme predominant 449:459 arg1 increase 461:468 predominant increase 449:468 predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 449:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 48 theme tri-/tetraantennary 523:541 arg1 N-glycans 551:559 tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans 523:559 tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 523:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 5 49 theme glycation 767:775 arg1 products 781:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 no additional advanced glycation end products 744:788 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 6 50 theme optical 1047:1053 arg1 density 1055:1061 maximal optical density 1039:1061 maximal optical density of fibrin clot 1039:1076 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 50 theme optical 1047:1053 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 8 51 theme proteins 1350:1357 arg1 studies 1339:1345 Structural and functional studies 1313:1345 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging 1313:1386 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 8 52 from studies 1339:1345 arg1 relation 1362:1369 relation 1362:1369 relation to healthy aging 1362:1386 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 3 53 theme healthy 299:305 arg1 persons 307:313 healthy persons 299:313 healthy persons in the age range 21-83 299:336 Fibrinogen was isolated from plasma obtained from healthy persons in the age range 21-83 and examined. 29137999 6 54 with porosity 1113:1120 arg1 factor 1165:1170 the insulin-like growth factor 1141:1170 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 55 theme type 496:499 arg1 N-glycans 501:509 high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans 473:509 N-glycans 501:509 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 3 56 attach isolated 264:271 arg2 Fibrinogen 249:258 Fibrinogen 249:258 Fibrinogen 249:258 Fibrinogen was isolated from plasma obtained from healthy persons in the age range 21-83 and examined. 29137999 3 56 attach isolated 264:271 arg1 plasma 278:283 plasma 278:283 plasma obtained from healthy persons in the age range 21-83 278:336 Fibrinogen was isolated from plasma obtained from healthy persons in the age range 21-83 and examined. 29137999 6 57 with diameter 1079:1086 arg1 factor 1165:1170 the insulin-like growth factor 1141:1170 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 58 theme binding 1172:1178 arg1 protein 1180:1186 binding protein 1 1172:1188 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 4 59 theme complex 543:549 arg1 N-glycans 551:559 tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans 523:559 tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 523:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 8 60 theme functional 1328:1337 arg1 studies 1339:1345 Structural and functional studies 1313:1345 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging 1313:1386 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 6 61 theme older 895:899 arg1 persons 901:907 older persons 895:907 older persons 895:907 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 62 dep factor 1165:1170 arg1 protein 1180:1186 binding protein 1 1172:1188 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 5 63 theme Spectrofluorimetric 629:647 arg1 analysis 649:656 Spectrofluorimetric analysis 629:656 Spectrofluorimetric analysis 629:656 Spectrofluorimetric analysis indicated that fibrinogen molecules have more densely packed structure, but there are no additional advanced glycation end products with increasing age. 29137999 6 64 attach isolated 881:888 arg2 molecules 871:879 fibrinogen molecules 860:879 fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons 860:907 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 64 attach isolated 881:888 arg1 persons 901:907 older persons 895:907 older persons 895:907 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 65 theme growth 1158:1163 arg1 factor 1165:1170 the insulin-like growth factor 1141:1170 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 8 66 theme deeper 1402:1407 arg1 understanding 1409:1421 deeper understanding 1402:1421 deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity 1402:1461 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 2 67 theme fibrinogen 183:192 arg1 structure 194:202 fibrinogen structure 183:202 fibrinogen structure 183:202 Since fibrinogen is the main coagulation factor, the influence of aging on fibrinogen structure and function was investigated in this study. 29137999 4 68 with N-glycans 501:509 arg1 content 574:580 greater content 566:580 greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues 566:626 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 4 69 gly glycosylation 402:414 arg1 fibrinogen 419:428 fibrinogen 419:428 fibrinogen 419:428 Lectin microarray analysis demonstrated increased glycosylation of fibrinogen due to aging, with predominant increase in high-mannose or hybrid type N-glycans, as well as tri-/tetraantennary complex N-glycans with greater content of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 29137999 3 70 theme age 322:324 arg1 range 326:330 the age range 21-83 318:336 the age range 21-83 318:336 Fibrinogen was isolated from plasma obtained from healthy persons in the age range 21-83 and examined. 29137999 8 71 theme Structural 1313:1322 arg1 studies 1339:1345 Structural and functional studies 1313:1345 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging 1313:1386 Structural and functional studies of proteins in relation to healthy aging contribute to deeper understanding of mechanisms responsible for longevity. 29137999 6 72 theme insulin-like 1145:1156 arg1 factor 1165:1170 the insulin-like growth factor 1141:1170 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 73 theme fibrin 1066:1071 arg1 clot 1073:1076 fibrin clot 1066:1076 fibrin clot 1066:1076 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 74 theme maximal 1039:1045 arg1 density 1055:1061 maximal optical density 1039:1061 maximal optical density of fibrin clot 1039:1076 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 74 theme maximal 1039:1045 arg1 speed 1032:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 clotting speed 1023:1036 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 6 75 with reactivity 1125:1134 arg1 factor 1165:1170 the insulin-like growth factor 1141:1170 the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 1141:1188 According to the results of functional analysis, fibrinogen molecules isolated from older persons exhibited reduced clotting time, with significant positive correlation with age, but there were no differences in clotting speed, maximal optical density of fibrin clot, diameter of fibrin fibres, fibrin porosity or reactivity with the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. 29137999 7 76 theme fibrinogen 1216:1225 arg1 changes 1205:1211 Glycosylation changes 1191:1211 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging 1191:1242 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging most likely affect its structure and function, namely clotting time. 29137999 7 77 theme healthy 1230:1236 arg1 aging 1238:1242 healthy aging 1230:1242 healthy aging 1230:1242 Glycosylation changes of fibrinogen in healthy aging most likely affect its structure and function, namely clotting time. 29137999 3 78 from persons 307:313 arg1 range 326:330 the age range 21-83 318:336 the age range 21-83 318:336 Fibrinogen was isolated from plasma obtained from healthy persons in the age range 21-83 and examined. 26302360 0 0 theme spectrometry 88:99 arg1 analysis 116:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis 45:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant 45:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 6 1 theme standard 938:945 arg1 method 948:953 the "gold standard" method 928:953 the "gold standard" method 928:953 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 0 2 theme chromatography-mass 68:86 arg1 analysis 116:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis 45:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant 45:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 6 3 theme laser-induced 855:867 arg1 HPCE-LIF 893:900 HPCE-LIF 893:900 HPCE-LIF 893:900 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 6 3 theme laser-induced 855:867 arg1 detection 882:890 laser-induced fluorescence detection 855:890 laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF) 855:901 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 5 4 theme fucosylation 655:666 arg1 yield 668:672 the fucosylation yield 651:672 the fucosylation yield 651:672 To specifically measure the fucosylation yield, we included a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity. 26302360 6 5 theme capillary 824:832 arg1 electrophoresis 834:848 high-performance capillary electrophoresis 807:848 high-performance capillary electrophoresis 807:848 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 2 6 theme mass 297:300 arg1 profiles 315:322 mass spectrometry profiles 297:322 mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant 297:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 3 7 theme supernatant 381:391 arg1 Treatment 364:372 Treatment 364:372 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS 364:401 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 5 8 with treatment 697:705 arg1 EndoS 712:716 EndoS 712:716 EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity 712:761 To specifically measure the fucosylation yield, we included a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity. 26302360 6 9 theme high-performance 807:822 arg1 electrophoresis 834:848 high-performance capillary electrophoresis 807:848 high-performance capillary electrophoresis 807:848 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 4 10 theme rapid 579:583 arg1 access 585:590 rapid access 579:590 rapid access to isoform and glycoform profiles 579:624 This process gives rapid access to isoform and glycoform profiles. 26302360 0 11 theme culture 128:134 arg1 supernatant 136:146 culture supernatant 128:146 culture supernatant 128:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 3 12 dep fragments 419:427 arg1 Fd 546:547 Fd 546:547 Fd 546:547 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 12 dep fragments 419:427 arg1 Fc/2 554:557 Fc/2 554:557 Fc/2 554:557 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 12 dep fragments 419:427 arg1 LC 542:543 LC 542:543 LC 542:543 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 12 dep fragments 419:427 arg1 fragments 419:427 three fragments 413:427 three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2 413:557 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 2 13 from supernatant 351:361 arg1 profiles 315:322 mass spectrometry profiles 297:322 mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant 297:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 2 13 from supernatant 351:361 arg1 antibodies 327:336 antibodies 327:336 antibodies from culture supernatant 327:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 5 14 theme distal 735:740 arg1 heterogeneity 749:761 the distal glycan heterogeneity 731:761 the distal glycan heterogeneity 731:761 To specifically measure the fucosylation yield, we included a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity. 26302360 5 15 theme glycan 742:747 arg1 heterogeneity 749:761 the distal glycan heterogeneity 731:761 the distal glycan heterogeneity 731:761 To specifically measure the fucosylation yield, we included a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity. 26302360 2 16 theme antibodies 327:336 arg1 profiles 315:322 mass spectrometry profiles 297:322 mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant 297:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 0 17 theme antibodies 31:40 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 0:147 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 5 18 theme one-pot 689:695 arg1 treatment 697:705 a one-pot treatment 687:705 a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity 687:761 To specifically measure the fucosylation yield, we included a one-pot treatment with EndoS that removes the distal glycan heterogeneity. 26302360 0 19 theme monoclonal 20:29 arg1 antibodies 31:40 monoclonal antibodies 20:40 monoclonal antibodies 20:40 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 2 20 theme spectrometry 302:313 arg1 profiles 315:322 mass spectrometry profiles 297:322 mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant 297:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 1 21 theme new 218:220 arg1 antibodies 233:242 new monoclonal antibodies 218:242 new monoclonal antibodies 218:242 Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. 26302360 3 22 theme 25 kDa 432:437 arg1 Fd 546:547 Fd 546:547 Fd 546:547 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 22 theme 25 kDa 432:437 arg1 Fc/2 554:557 Fc/2 554:557 Fc/2 554:557 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 22 theme 25 kDa 432:437 arg1 LC 542:543 LC 542:543 LC 542:543 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 22 theme 25 kDa 432:437 arg1 fragments 419:427 three fragments 413:427 three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2 413:557 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 23 theme liquid 463:468 arg1 TOF 525:527 LC-MS TOF 519:527 LC-MS TOF 519:527 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 23 theme liquid 463:468 arg1 spectrometry 490:501 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight 463:516 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) 463:528 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 24 with Treatment 364:372 arg1 IdeS 398:401 IdeS 398:401 IdeS 398:401 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 1 25 theme monoclonal 222:231 arg1 antibodies 233:242 new monoclonal antibodies 218:242 new monoclonal antibodies 218:242 Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. 26302360 6 26 with electrophoresis 834:848 arg1 HPCE-LIF 893:900 HPCE-LIF 893:900 HPCE-LIF 893:900 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 6 26 with electrophoresis 834:848 arg1 detection 882:890 laser-induced fluorescence detection 855:890 laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF) 855:901 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 1 27 theme antibodies 233:242 arg1 development 203:213 the development 199:213 the development of new monoclonal antibodies 199:242 Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. 26302360 0 28 theme fast 47:50 arg1 analysis 116:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis 45:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant 45:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 6 29 theme fluorescence 869:880 arg1 HPCE-LIF 893:900 HPCE-LIF 893:900 HPCE-LIF 893:900 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 6 29 theme fluorescence 869:880 arg1 detection 882:890 laser-induced fluorescence detection 855:890 laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF) 855:901 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 2 30 theme easy 274:277 arg1 process 279:285 a fast and easy process 263:285 a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant 263:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 1 31 theme Rapid 149:153 arg1 analysis 180:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis 149:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis 149:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. 26302360 0 32 from analysis 116:123 arg1 supernatant 136:146 culture supernatant 128:146 culture supernatant 128:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 3 33 theme LC-MS 519:523 arg1 TOF 525:527 LC-MS TOF 519:527 LC-MS TOF 519:527 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 33 theme LC-MS 519:523 arg1 spectrometry 490:501 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight 463:516 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) 463:528 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 2 34 theme culture 343:349 arg1 supernatant 351:361 culture supernatant 343:361 culture supernatant 343:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 0 35 theme liquid 61:66 arg1 analysis 116:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis 45:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant 45:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 3 36 theme chromatography-mass 470:488 arg1 TOF 525:527 LC-MS TOF 519:527 LC-MS TOF 519:527 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 3 36 theme chromatography-mass 470:488 arg1 spectrometry 490:501 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight 463:516 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) 463:528 Treatment of the supernatant with IdeS generates three fragments of 25 kDa that can be analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight (LC-MS TOF) in one run: LC, Fd, and Fc/2. 26302360 2 37 theme fast 265:268 arg1 process 279:285 a fast and easy process 263:285 a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant 263:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 26302360 1 38 theme efficient 159:167 arg1 analysis 180:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis 149:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis 149:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. 26302360 4 39 theme glycoform 607:615 arg1 profiles 617:624 glycoform profiles 607:624 glycoform profiles 607:624 This process gives rapid access to isoform and glycoform profiles. 26302360 0 40 theme easy 56:59 arg1 analysis 116:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis 45:123 a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant 45:146 Characterization of monoclonal antibodies by a fast and easy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry time-of-flight analysis on culture supernatant. 26302360 6 41 theme " 946:946 arg1 method 948:953 the "gold standard" method 928:953 the "gold standard" method 928:953 Our process was successfully compared with high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (HPCE-LIF), currently considered as the "gold standard" method. 26302360 1 42 theme structural 169:178 arg1 analysis 180:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis 149:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis 149:187 Rapid and efficient structural analysis is key to the development of new monoclonal antibodies. 26302360 2 43 from profiles 315:322 arg1 supernatant 351:361 culture supernatant 343:361 culture supernatant 343:361 We have developed a fast and easy process to obtain mass spectrometry profiles of antibodies from culture supernatant. 25320359 9 0 theme isoagglutinin 1400:1412 arg1 titers 1414:1419 IgM isoagglutinin titers 1396:1419 IgM isoagglutinin titers 1396:1419 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 3 1 theme B 478:478 arg1 glycans 480:486 blood group A and B glycans 460:486 blood group A and B glycans 460:486 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 8 2 theme strong 1138:1143 arg1 binding 1145:1151 a strong binding 1136:1151 a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen 1136:1194 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 4 3 theme DESIGN 558:563 arg1 studies 573:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies 545:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 545:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 10 4 theme new 1517:1519 arg1 glycoproteins 1543:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 9 5 theme significant 1372:1382 arg1 decrease 1384:1391 a significant decrease 1370:1391 a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera 1370:1432 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 4 6 theme antigen 646:652 arg1 glycoconjugates 654:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates 610:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 610:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 8 7 theme blood 1205:1209 arg1 B 1217:1217 blood group B 1205:1217 blood group B 1205:1217 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 5 8 theme control 814:820 arg1 group 822:826 control group 814:826 control group 814:826 Isoagglutinin titers and total IgM were compared between patients with PDAC and control group. 25320359 8 9 theme group 1166:1170 arg1 antigen 1174:1180 blood group B antigen 1160:1180 blood group B antigen 1160:1180 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 2 10 from alterations 329:339 arg1 glycosylation 364:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 1 11 theme ductal 188:193 arg1 PDAC 211:214 PDAC 211:214 PDAC 211:214 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 1 11 theme ductal 188:193 arg1 adenocarcinoma 195:208 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 177:208 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups 177:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 6 12 theme mass 938:941 arg1 analysis 954:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 10 13 theme O-GalNAc 1534:1541 arg1 glycoproteins 1543:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 4 14 with individuals 706:716 arg1 PDAC 689:692 PDAC 689:692 PDAC 689:692 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 7 15 theme T 1039:1039 arg1 glycoconjugates 1041:1055 Tn and T glycoconjugates 1032:1055 Tn and T glycoconjugates 1032:1055 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 3 16 theme IgM 517:519 arg1 isoagglutinins 521:534 IgM isoagglutinins 517:534 IgM isoagglutinins 517:534 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 8 17 theme T 1186:1186 arg1 antigen 1188:1194 T antigen 1186:1194 T antigen 1186:1194 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 8 18 theme group 1243:1247 arg1 antigen 1251:1257 blood group A antigen 1237:1257 blood group A antigen 1237:1257 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 10 19 theme group 1592:1596 arg1 antibody 1609:1616 a blood group A-specific antibody 1584:1616 a blood group A-specific antibody 1584:1616 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 7 20 gly glycoproteins 1082:1094 arg1 glycoproteins 1082:1094 tumor-derived glycoproteins 1068:1094 tumor-derived glycoproteins 1068:1094 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 11 21 theme cancer 1806:1811 arg1 progression 1780:1790 progression 1780:1790 progression 1780:1790 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 11 21 theme cancer 1806:1811 arg1 pathogenesis 1763:1774 pathogenesis 1763:1774 pathogenesis 1763:1774 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 7 22 theme Tn 1032:1033 arg1 glycoconjugates 1041:1055 Tn and T glycoconjugates 1032:1055 Tn and T glycoconjugates 1032:1055 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 7 23 theme IgM 986:988 arg1 isoagglutinins 990:1003 IgM isoagglutinins 986:1003 IgM isoagglutinins 986:1003 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 11 24 theme pancreatic 1795:1804 arg1 cancer 1806:1811 pancreatic cancer 1795:1811 pancreatic cancer 1795:1811 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 6 25 theme tumor 908:912 arg1 proteins 914:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 8 26 theme A 1249:1249 arg1 antigen 1251:1257 blood group A antigen 1237:1257 blood group A antigen 1237:1257 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 1 27 theme gene 124:127 arg1 locus 129:133 The ABO gene locus 116:133 The ABO gene locus 116:133 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 6 28 theme aberrant 884:891 arg1 proteins 914:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 11 29 theme O-GalNAc 1713:1720 arg1 glycoproteins 1722:1734 PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1708:1734 PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1708:1734 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 7 30 theme blood 1010:1014 arg1 antigens 1022:1029 blood group antigens 1010:1029 blood group antigens 1010:1029 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 1 31 dep PURPOSE 108:114 arg1 associated 138:147 associated 138:147 is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups 135:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 0 32 theme O-glycan 66:73 arg1 structures 75:84 tumor-associated O-glycan structures 49:84 tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer 49:105 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 9 33 theme IgM 1476:1478 arg1 levels 1480:1485 total IgM levels 1470:1485 total IgM levels 1470:1485 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 3 34 from role 509:512 arg1 PDAC 539:542 PDAC 539:542 PDAC 539:542 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 9 35 from frequency 1313:1321 arg1 individuals 1326:1336 individuals 1326:1336 individuals with blood group O 1326:1355 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 4 36 from individuals 706:716 arg1 glycoconjugates 654:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates 610:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 610:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 3 37 theme T 421:421 arg1 antigen 423:429 T antigen 421:429 T antigen 421:429 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 37 theme T 421:421 arg1 glycans 405:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans 387:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) 387:430 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 38 dep glycans 405:411 arg1 Tn 414:415 Tn 414:415 Tn 414:415 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 38 dep glycans 405:411 arg1 antigen 423:429 T antigen 421:429 T antigen 421:429 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 38 dep glycans 405:411 arg1 glycans 405:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans 387:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) 387:430 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 11 39 gly glycoproteins 1722:1734 arg1 glycoproteins 1722:1734 PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1708:1734 PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1708:1734 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 10 40 theme A-specific 1598:1607 arg1 antibody 1609:1616 a blood group A-specific antibody 1584:1616 a blood group A-specific antibody 1584:1616 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 0 41 theme ABO 0:2 arg1 isoagglutinins 20:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 1 42 theme non-O 273:277 arg1 groups 285:290 non-O blood groups 273:290 non-O blood groups 273:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 2 43 theme mucin 344:348 arg1 glycosylation 364:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 10 44 gly glycoproteins 1543:1555 arg1 glycoproteins 1543:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 7 45 link tumor-derived 1068:1080 arg1 glycoproteins 1082:1094 tumor-derived glycoproteins 1068:1094 tumor-derived glycoproteins 1068:1094 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 0 46 theme group 10:14 arg1 isoagglutinins 20:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 4 47 theme antigen 631:637 arg1 glycoconjugates 654:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates 610:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 610:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 5 48 theme Isoagglutinin 734:746 arg1 titers 748:753 Isoagglutinin titers 734:753 Isoagglutinin titers 734:753 Isoagglutinin titers and total IgM were compared between patients with PDAC and control group. 25320359 9 49 theme decreased 1303:1311 arg1 frequency 1313:1321 a decreased frequency 1301:1321 a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O 1301:1355 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 1 50 with individuals 256:266 arg1 groups 285:290 non-O blood groups 273:290 non-O blood groups 273:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 3 51 theme aberrant 387:394 arg1 Tn 414:415 Tn 414:415 Tn 414:415 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 51 theme aberrant 387:394 arg1 antigen 423:429 T antigen 421:429 T antigen 421:429 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 51 theme aberrant 387:394 arg1 glycans 405:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans 387:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) 387:430 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 11 52 dep CONCLUSION 1619:1628 arg1 elucidated 1639:1648 elucidated 1639:1648 elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer 1639:1811 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 11 53 theme novel 1652:1656 arg1 interaction 1658:1668 a novel interaction 1650:1668 a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer 1650:1811 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 3 54 theme group 466:470 arg1 A 472:472 blood group A 460:472 blood group A 460:472 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 11 55 theme isoagglutinins 1689:1702 arg1 interaction 1658:1668 a novel interaction 1650:1668 a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer 1650:1811 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 2 56 theme PDAC 306:309 arg1 specimens 311:319 PDAC specimens 306:319 PDAC specimens 306:319 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 4 57 theme Tn 628:629 arg1 antigen 631:637 Tn antigen 628:637 Tn antigen 628:637 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 4 58 theme Binding 565:571 arg1 studies 573:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies 545:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 545:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 11 59 theme group 1679:1683 arg1 isoagglutinins 1689:1702 blood group IgM isoagglutinins 1673:1702 blood group IgM isoagglutinins 1673:1702 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 2 60 theme type 350:353 arg1 glycosylation 364:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 9 61 theme group 1349:1353 arg1 O 1355:1355 blood group O 1343:1355 blood group O 1343:1355 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 8 62 theme group 1103:1107 arg1 A 1109:1109 Blood group A 1097:1109 Blood group A isoagglutinins 1097:1124 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 9 63 from decrease 1384:1391 arg1 sera 1429:1432 PDAC sera 1424:1432 PDAC sera 1424:1432 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 10 64 theme PDAC-derived 1521:1532 arg1 glycoproteins 1543:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 7 65 theme tumor-derived 1068:1080 arg1 glycoproteins 1082:1094 tumor-derived glycoproteins 1068:1094 tumor-derived glycoproteins 1068:1094 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 9 66 with individuals 1326:1336 arg1 O 1355:1355 blood group O 1343:1355 blood group O 1343:1355 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 4 67 theme EXPERIMENTAL 545:556 arg1 studies 573:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies 545:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 545:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 6 68 gly O-glycosylated 893:906 arg1 proteins 914:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 9 69 theme IgM 1396:1398 arg1 titers 1414:1419 IgM isoagglutinin titers 1396:1419 IgM isoagglutinin titers 1396:1419 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 6 70 theme anti-A 832:837 arg1 antibody 839:846 An anti-A antibody 829:846 An anti-A antibody 829:846 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 4 71 theme A 622:622 arg1 glycoconjugates 654:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates 610:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 610:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 10 72 theme mass 1560:1563 arg1 spectrometry 1565:1576 mass spectrometry 1560:1576 mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody 1560:1616 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 3 73 theme isoagglutinins 521:534 arg1 role 509:512 the role 505:512 the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC 505:542 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 1 74 theme pancreatic 177:186 arg1 PDAC 211:214 PDAC 211:214 PDAC 211:214 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 1 74 theme pancreatic 177:186 arg1 adenocarcinoma 195:208 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 177:208 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups 177:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 8 75 theme blood 1160:1164 arg1 antigen 1174:1180 blood group B antigen 1160:1180 blood group B antigen 1160:1180 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 6 76 theme spectromic 943:952 arg1 analysis 954:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 4 77 theme B 625:625 arg1 glycoconjugates 654:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates 610:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 610:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 9 78 theme titers 1414:1419 arg1 decrease 1384:1391 a significant decrease 1370:1391 a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera 1370:1432 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 8 79 theme B 1172:1172 arg1 antigen 1174:1180 blood group B antigen 1160:1180 blood group B antigen 1160:1180 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 6 80 theme subsequent 927:936 arg1 analysis 954:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 4 81 theme isoagglutinins 588:601 arg1 studies 573:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies 545:579 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 545:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 10 82 theme blood 1586:1590 arg1 antibody 1609:1616 a blood group A-specific antibody 1584:1616 a blood group A-specific antibody 1584:1616 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 3 83 theme A 472:472 arg1 glycans 480:486 blood group A and B glycans 460:486 blood group A and B glycans 460:486 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 1 84 from incidence 243:251 arg1 individuals 256:266 individuals 256:266 individuals with non-O blood groups 256:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 8 85 theme group 1211:1215 arg1 B 1217:1217 blood group B 1205:1217 blood group B 1205:1217 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 9 86 theme PDAC 1424:1427 arg1 sera 1429:1432 PDAC sera 1424:1432 PDAC sera 1424:1432 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 6 87 theme proteins 914:921 arg1 analysis 954:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 subsequent mass spectromic analysis 927:961 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 6 87 theme proteins 914:921 arg1 immunoprecipitation 861:879 immunoprecipitation 861:879 immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 861:921 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 0 88 from structures 75:84 arg1 cancer 100:105 pancreatic cancer 89:105 pancreatic cancer 89:105 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 4 89 theme blood 610:614 arg1 A 622:622 blood group A 610:622 blood group A 610:622 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 7 90 theme group 1016:1020 arg1 antigens 1022:1029 blood group antigens 1010:1029 blood group antigens 1010:1029 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 1 91 theme ABO 120:122 arg1 locus 129:133 The ABO gene locus 116:133 The ABO gene locus 116:133 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 6 92 theme O-glycosylated 893:906 arg1 proteins 914:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins 884:921 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 4 93 theme T 644:644 arg1 antigen 646:652 T antigen 644:652 T antigen 644:652 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 4 94 with patients 675:682 arg1 PDAC 689:692 PDAC 689:692 PDAC 689:692 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 8 95 theme blood 1237:1241 arg1 antigen 1251:1257 blood group A antigen 1237:1257 blood group A antigen 1237:1257 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 9 96 theme control 1448:1454 arg1 sera 1456:1459 control sera 1448:1459 control sera 1448:1459 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 2 97 dep 90 299:300 arg1 to 296:297 to 296:297 to 296:297 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 11 98 theme glycoproteins 1722:1734 arg1 interaction 1658:1668 a novel interaction 1650:1668 a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer 1650:1811 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 9 99 dep confirmed 1291:1299 arg1 whereas 1462:1468 whereas 1462:1468 whereas 1462:1468 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 8 100 theme Tn 1263:1264 arg1 antigen 1266:1272 Tn antigen 1263:1272 Tn antigen 1263:1272 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 11 101 theme PDAC 1708:1711 arg1 glycoproteins 1722:1734 PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1708:1734 PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1708:1734 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 0 102 theme pancreatic 89:98 arg1 cancer 100:105 pancreatic cancer 89:105 pancreatic cancer 89:105 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 11 103 dep pathogenesis 1763:1774 arg1 the 1759:1761 the 1759:1761 the 1759:1761 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 9 104 theme total 1470:1474 arg1 levels 1480:1485 total IgM levels 1470:1485 total IgM levels 1470:1485 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 6 105 used used 852:855 arg2 antibody 839:846 An anti-A antibody 829:846 An anti-A antibody 829:846 An anti-A antibody was used for immunoprecipitation of aberrant O-glycosylated tumor proteins and subsequent mass spectromic analysis. 25320359 4 106 theme healthy 698:704 arg1 individuals 706:716 healthy individuals 698:716 healthy individuals 698:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 5 107 theme total 759:763 arg1 IgM 765:767 total IgM 759:767 total IgM 759:767 Isoagglutinin titers and total IgM were compared between patients with PDAC and control group. 25320359 2 108 theme O-GalNAc 355:362 arg1 glycosylation 364:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation 344:376 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 0 109 theme IgM 16:18 arg1 isoagglutinins 20:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 1 110 theme blood 279:283 arg1 groups 285:290 non-O blood groups 273:290 non-O blood groups 273:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 25320359 4 111 from patients 675:682 arg1 glycoconjugates 654:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates 610:668 blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 610:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 7 112 dep RESULTS 964:970 arg1 found 975:979 found 975:979 found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins 975:1094 RESULTS We found that IgM isoagglutinins bind blood group antigens, Tn and T glycoconjugates as well as tumor-derived glycoproteins. 25320359 4 113 theme group 616:620 arg1 A 622:622 blood group A 610:622 blood group A 610:622 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 5 114 with patients 791:798 arg1 PDAC 805:808 PDAC 805:808 PDAC 805:808 Isoagglutinin titers and total IgM were compared between patients with PDAC and control group. 25320359 5 114 with patients 791:798 arg1 group 822:826 control group 814:826 control group 814:826 Isoagglutinin titers and total IgM were compared between patients with PDAC and control group. 25320359 0 115 theme tumor-associated 49:64 arg1 structures 75:84 tumor-associated O-glycan structures 49:84 tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer 49:105 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 3 116 theme O-GalNAc 396:403 arg1 Tn 414:415 Tn 414:415 Tn 414:415 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 116 theme O-GalNAc 396:403 arg1 antigen 423:429 T antigen 421:429 T antigen 421:429 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 3 116 theme O-GalNAc 396:403 arg1 glycans 405:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans 387:411 aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) 387:430 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 11 117 theme IgM 1685:1687 arg1 isoagglutinins 1689:1702 blood group IgM isoagglutinins 1673:1702 blood group IgM isoagglutinins 1673:1702 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 2 118 theme specimens 311:319 arg1 specimens 311:319 PDAC specimens 306:319 PDAC specimens 306:319 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 2 118 theme specimens 311:319 arg1 % 301:301 Up to 90% 293:301 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens 293:319 Up to 90% of PDAC specimens display alterations in mucin type O-GalNAc glycosylation. 25320359 8 119 theme Blood 1097:1101 arg1 A 1109:1109 Blood group A 1097:1109 Blood group A isoagglutinins 1097:1124 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 11 120 theme blood 1673:1677 arg1 isoagglutinins 1689:1702 blood group IgM isoagglutinins 1673:1702 blood group IgM isoagglutinins 1673:1702 CONCLUSION Our data elucidated a novel interaction of blood group IgM isoagglutinins and PDAC O-GalNAc glycoproteins that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. 25320359 3 121 theme blood 460:464 arg1 A 472:472 blood group A 460:472 blood group A 460:472 Because aberrant O-GalNAc glycans (Tn and T antigen) are structurally related to blood group A and B glycans, we investigated the role of IgM isoagglutinins in PDAC. 25320359 9 122 theme blood 1343:1347 arg1 O 1355:1355 blood group O 1343:1355 blood group O 1343:1355 Furthermore, we confirmed a decreased frequency in individuals with blood group O and observed a significant decrease of IgM isoagglutinin titers in PDAC sera compared with control sera, whereas total IgM levels were unaltered. 25320359 8 123 theme A 1109:1109 arg1 isoagglutinins 1111:1124 Blood group A isoagglutinins 1097:1124 Blood group A isoagglutinins 1097:1124 Blood group A isoagglutinins exhibited a strong binding toward blood group B antigen and T antigen, whereas blood group B showed binding to blood group A antigen and Tn antigen. 25320359 4 124 theme IgM 584:586 arg1 isoagglutinins 588:601 IgM isoagglutinins 584:601 IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals 584:716 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Binding studies of IgM isoagglutinins toward blood group A, B, Tn antigen, and T antigen glycoconjugates from patients with PDAC and healthy individuals were conducted. 25320359 10 125 link PDAC-derived 1521:1532 arg1 glycoproteins 1543:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins 1517:1555 We identified new PDAC-derived O-GalNAc glycoproteins by mass spectrometry using a blood group A-specific antibody. 25320359 0 126 theme blood 4:8 arg1 isoagglutinins 20:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins 0:33 ABO blood group IgM isoagglutinins interact with tumor-associated O-glycan structures in pancreatic cancer. 25320359 1 127 theme increased 233:241 arg1 incidence 243:251 an increased incidence 230:251 an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups 230:290 PURPOSE The ABO gene locus is associated with the risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resulting in an increased incidence in individuals with non-O blood groups. 28693994 5 0 from tract 969:973 arg1 release 923:929 a slow release 916:929 a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract 916:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 3 1 theme amide 456:460 arg1 I 462:462 the amide I and II bands 452:475 I 462:462 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 1 2 theme food 224:227 arg1 components 238:247 food and drug components 224:247 food and drug components 224:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 8 3 from systems 1376:1382 arg1 food 1387:1390 food 1387:1390 food 1387:1390 This work provides a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain. 28693994 8 3 from systems 1376:1382 arg1 drug 1396:1399 drug 1396:1399 drug 1396:1399 This work provides a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain. 28693994 1 4 with protein 144:150 arg1 cavity 173:178 an 8nm diameter cavity 157:178 an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components 157:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 6 5 theme different 1036:1044 arg1 effects 1046:1052 different effects 1036:1052 different effects 1036:1052 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 6 6 theme components 1015:1024 arg1 types 1001:1005 different types 991:1005 different types of food components 991:1024 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 5 7 theme slow 918:921 arg1 release 923:929 a slow release 916:929 a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract 916:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 7 8 theme free 1298:1301 arg1 EGCG 1303:1306 free EGCG 1298:1306 free EGCG 1298:1306 In addition, the absorption of EGCG encapsulated in FCMPs in Caco-2 monolayer model was significantly improved as compared with free EGCG. 28693994 5 9 theme simulated 942:950 arg1 tract 969:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 3 10 theme ferritin 480:487 arg1 I 462:462 the amide I and II bands 452:475 I 462:462 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 3 10 theme ferritin 480:487 arg1 bands 471:475 the amide I and II bands 452:475 bands 471:475 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 1 11 theme drug 233:236 arg1 components 238:247 food and drug components 224:247 food and drug components 224:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 5 12 theme FCMPs-EGCG 888:897 arg1 complexes 899:907 the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes 874:907 the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes 874:907 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 1 13 theme carrier 136:142 arg1 Ferritin 111:118 Ferritin 111:118 Ferritin 111:118 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 1 13 theme carrier 136:142 arg1 protein 144:150 a shell-like carrier protein 123:150 a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components 123:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 5 14 from release 923:929 arg1 tract 969:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 5 15 theme gallate 800:806 arg1 molecules 815:823 epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules 783:823 epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules 783:823 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 0 16 theme absorption 90:99 arg1 analysis 101:108 absorption analysis 90:108 absorption analysis 90:108 Ferritin glycosylated by chitosan as a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis. 28693994 5 17 theme epigallocatechin 783:798 arg1 gallate 800:806 epigallocatechin gallate 783:806 epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules 783:823 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 5 17 theme epigallocatechin 783:798 arg1 EGCG 809:812 EGCG 809:812 EGCG 809:812 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 7 18 theme monolayer 1238:1246 arg1 model 1248:1252 Caco-2 monolayer model 1231:1252 Caco-2 monolayer model 1231:1252 In addition, the absorption of EGCG encapsulated in FCMPs in Caco-2 monolayer model was significantly improved as compared with free EGCG. 28693994 6 19 theme food 1010:1013 arg1 components 1015:1024 food components 1010:1024 food components 1010:1024 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 7 20 theme Caco-2 1231:1236 arg1 model 1248:1252 Caco-2 monolayer model 1231:1252 Caco-2 monolayer model 1231:1252 In addition, the absorption of EGCG encapsulated in FCMPs in Caco-2 monolayer model was significantly improved as compared with free EGCG. 28693994 6 21 theme wherein 1095:1101 arg1 proanthocyanidin 1103:1118 wherein proanthocyanidin 1095:1118 wherein proanthocyanidin 1095:1118 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 4 22 theme digestion 598:606 arg1 analysis 608:615 Simulated digestion analysis 588:615 Simulated digestion analysis 588:615 Simulated digestion analysis showed that the FCMPs were more resistant to pepsin and trypsin digestion as compared with ferritin alone. 28693994 1 23 theme 8nm 160:162 arg1 cavity 173:178 an 8nm diameter cavity 157:178 an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components 157:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 4 24 theme trypsin 673:679 arg1 digestion 681:689 trypsin digestion 673:689 trypsin digestion 673:689 Simulated digestion analysis showed that the FCMPs were more resistant to pepsin and trypsin digestion as compared with ferritin alone. 28693994 1 25 theme diameter 164:171 arg1 cavity 173:178 an 8nm diameter cavity 157:178 an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components 157:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 2 26 theme % 414:414 arg1 55°C 422:425 55°C 422:425 55°C 422:425 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 26 theme % 414:414 arg1 24h 417:419 24h 417:419 24h 417:419 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 26 theme % 414:414 arg1 degree 399:404 grafting degree 390:404 grafting degree of 26.17% 390:414 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 8 27 theme core-shell 1365:1374 arg1 systems 1376:1382 core-shell systems 1365:1382 core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain 1365:1415 This work provides a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain. 28693994 5 28 theme gastrointestinal 952:967 arg1 tract 969:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 5 29 theme resulting 878:886 arg1 complexes 899:907 the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes 874:907 the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes 874:907 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 0 30 dep nano-carrier 50:61 arg1 Structure 64:72 Structure 64:72 Structure 64:72 Ferritin glycosylated by chitosan as a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis. 28693994 0 30 dep nano-carrier 50:61 arg1 analysis 101:108 absorption analysis 90:108 absorption analysis 90:108 Ferritin glycosylated by chitosan as a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis. 28693994 0 30 dep nano-carrier 50:61 arg1 stability 75:83 stability 75:83 stability 75:83 Ferritin glycosylated by chitosan as a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis. 28693994 5 31 from EGCG 934:937 arg1 tract 969:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 simulated gastrointestinal tract 942:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 2 32 theme reaction 363:370 arg1 FCMPs 382:386 FCMPs 382:386 FCMPs 382:386 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 32 theme reaction 363:370 arg1 products 372:379 ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products 336:379 ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C) 336:426 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 6 33 theme release 1062:1068 arg1 behavior 1070:1077 EGCG release behavior 1057:1077 EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs 1057:1092 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 6 34 theme EGCG 1156:1159 arg1 release 1161:1167 the EGCG release 1152:1167 the EGCG release 1152:1167 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 4 35 theme Simulated 588:596 arg1 analysis 608:615 Simulated digestion analysis 588:615 Simulated digestion analysis 588:615 Simulated digestion analysis showed that the FCMPs were more resistant to pepsin and trypsin digestion as compared with ferritin alone. 28693994 5 36 theme EGCG 934:937 arg1 release 923:929 a slow release 916:929 a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract 916:973 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 6 37 theme different 991:999 arg1 types 1001:1005 different types 991:1005 different types of food components 991:1024 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 2 38 theme grafting 390:397 arg1 55°C 422:425 55°C 422:425 55°C 422:425 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 38 theme grafting 390:397 arg1 24h 417:419 24h 417:419 24h 417:419 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 38 theme grafting 390:397 arg1 degree 399:404 grafting degree 390:404 grafting degree of 26.17% 390:414 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 0 39 theme EGCG 45:48 arg1 nano-carrier 50:61 a novel EGCG nano-carrier 37:61 a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis 37:108 Ferritin glycosylated by chitosan as a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis. 28693994 8 40 dep food 1387:1390 arg1 domain 1410:1415 delivery domain 1401:1415 delivery domain 1401:1415 This work provides a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain. 28693994 3 41 theme chitosan 513:520 arg1 grafting 522:529 the chitosan grafting 509:529 the chitosan grafting 509:529 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 7 42 from FCMPs 1222:1226 arg1 model 1248:1252 Caco-2 monolayer model 1231:1252 Caco-2 monolayer model 1231:1252 In addition, the absorption of EGCG encapsulated in FCMPs in Caco-2 monolayer model was significantly improved as compared with free EGCG. 28693994 7 43 theme EGCG 1201:1204 arg1 absorption 1187:1196 the absorption 1183:1196 the absorption of EGCG encapsulated in FCMPs in Caco-2 monolayer model 1183:1252 In addition, the absorption of EGCG encapsulated in FCMPs in Caco-2 monolayer model was significantly improved as compared with free EGCG. 28693994 0 44 theme novel 39:43 arg1 nano-carrier 50:61 a novel EGCG nano-carrier 37:61 a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis 37:108 Ferritin glycosylated by chitosan as a novel EGCG nano-carrier: Structure, stability, and absorption analysis. 28693994 8 45 theme novel 1330:1334 arg1 nano-vehicle 1336:1347 a novel nano-vehicle 1328:1347 a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain 1328:1415 This work provides a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain. 28693994 8 46 theme delivery 1401:1408 arg1 domain 1410:1415 delivery domain 1401:1415 delivery domain 1401:1415 This work provides a novel nano-vehicle for fabricating core-shell systems in food and drug delivery domain. 28693994 1 47 theme shell-like 125:134 arg1 Ferritin 111:118 Ferritin 111:118 Ferritin 111:118 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 1 47 theme shell-like 125:134 arg1 protein 144:150 a shell-like carrier protein 123:150 a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components 123:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 5 48 theme % 861:861 arg1 ratio 847:851 an encapsulation ratio 830:851 an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w) 830:867 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 2 49 gly glycosylated 298:309 arg1 phytoferritin 264:276 phytoferritin 264:276 phytoferritin 264:276 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 49 gly glycosylated 298:309 arg2 phytoferritin 264:276 phytoferritin 264:276 phytoferritin 264:276 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 49 gly glycosylated 298:309 arg1 work 258:261 this work 253:261 this work 253:261 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 3 50 theme spherical 553:561 arg1 structure 563:571 the ferritin spherical structure 540:571 the ferritin spherical structure 540:571 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 6 51 theme EGCG 1057:1060 arg1 behavior 1070:1077 EGCG release behavior 1057:1077 EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs 1057:1092 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 1 52 theme natural 195:201 arg1 space 203:207 a natural space 193:207 a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components 193:247 Ferritin is a shell-like carrier protein with an 8nm diameter cavity which endows a natural space to encapsulate food and drug components. 28693994 6 53 from FCMPs 1088:1092 arg1 behavior 1070:1077 EGCG release behavior 1057:1077 EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs 1057:1092 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 2 54 dep products 372:379 arg1 55°C 422:425 55°C 422:425 55°C 422:425 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 54 dep products 372:379 arg1 24h 417:419 24h 417:419 24h 417:419 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 54 dep products 372:379 arg1 degree 399:404 grafting degree 390:404 grafting degree of 26.17% 390:414 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 55 theme Maillard 354:361 arg1 FCMPs 382:386 FCMPs 382:386 FCMPs 382:386 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 55 theme Maillard 354:361 arg1 products 372:379 ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products 336:379 ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C) 336:426 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 5 56 theme encapsulation 833:845 arg1 ratio 847:851 an encapsulation ratio 830:851 an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w) 830:867 Furthermore, FCMPs were employed as carrier to encapsulate epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) molecules with an encapsulation ratio of 12.87% (w/w), and the resulting FCMPs-EGCG complexes showed a slow release of EGCG in simulated gastrointestinal tract. 28693994 6 57 theme soy 1130:1132 arg1 protein 1134:1140 soy protein 1130:1140 soy protein 1130:1140 Interestingly, different types of food components displayed different effects in EGCG release behavior from the FCMPs, wherein proanthocyanidin, milk and soy protein inhibited the EGCG release. 28693994 3 58 dep altered 494:500 arg1 whereas 532:538 whereas 532:538 whereas 532:538 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 2 59 theme ferritin-chitosan 336:352 arg1 FCMPs 382:386 FCMPs 382:386 FCMPs 382:386 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 2 59 theme ferritin-chitosan 336:352 arg1 products 372:379 ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products 336:379 ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C) 336:426 In this work, phytoferritin was unprecedentedly glycosylated by chitosan to fabricate ferritin-chitosan Maillard reaction products (FCMPs) (grafting degree of 26.17%, 24h, 55°C). 28693994 3 60 theme ferritin 544:551 arg1 structure 563:571 the ferritin spherical structure 540:571 the ferritin spherical structure 540:571 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 28693994 3 61 theme II 468:469 arg1 bands 471:475 the amide I and II bands 452:475 bands 471:475 Results indicated that the amide I and II bands of ferritin were altered due to the chitosan grafting, whereas the ferritin spherical structure were retained. 25735823 0 0 from α-helix 10:16 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 0 0 from α-helix 10:16 arg1 venom 88:92 the venom 84:92 the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 84:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 7 1 theme peptide 1118:1124 arg1 mimetics 1126:1133 bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1102:1133 bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1102:1133 This work will underpin the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics. 25735823 5 2 gly nonglycosylated 737:751 arg1 forms 753:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 1 3 theme important 151:159 arg1 roles 161:165 important roles 151:165 important roles 151:165 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 5 4 theme Fmoc 779:782 arg1 synthesis 804:812 Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis 779:812 Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis 779:812 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 2 5 theme O-glycosylated 288:301 arg1 peptide 315:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 2 5 theme O-glycosylated 288:301 arg1 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 3 6 theme C-terminal 569:578 arg1 residue 590:596 the C-terminal threonine residue 565:596 the C-terminal threonine residue 565:596 Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS identified the glycan as galactosyl-β(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) and was α-linked to the C-terminal threonine residue. 25735823 2 7 gly O-glycosylated 288:301 arg1 peptide 315:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 2 7 gly O-glycosylated 288:301 arg1 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 7 8 theme bifunctional 1102:1113 arg1 mimetics 1126:1133 bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1102:1133 bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1102:1133 This work will underpin the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics. 25735823 2 9 theme bifunctional 275:286 arg1 peptide 315:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 2 9 theme bifunctional 275:286 arg1 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 0 10 theme carinatus 109:117 arg1 venom 88:92 the venom 84:92 the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 84:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 5 11 theme disulfide 864:872 arg1 ring 874:877 the disulfide ring 860:877 the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A 860:925 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 3 12 theme specific 434:441 arg1 glycosidases 443:454 specific glycosidases 434:454 specific glycosidases 434:454 Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS identified the glycan as galactosyl-β(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) and was α-linked to the C-terminal threonine residue. 25735823 4 13 theme arginine 696:703 arg1 residues 705:712 conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 668:712 residues 705:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 5 14 theme peptide 796:802 arg1 synthesis 804:812 Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis 779:812 Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis 779:812 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 0 15 theme defined 2:8 arg1 α-helix 10:16 A defined α-helix 0:16 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 0:118 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 4 16 theme conserved 668:676 arg1 phenylalanine 678:690 conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 668:712 phenylalanine 678:690 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 2 17 from venom 358:362 arg1 peptide 315:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 2 17 from venom 358:362 arg1 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 3 18 theme threonine 580:588 arg1 residue 590:596 the C-terminal threonine residue 565:596 the C-terminal threonine residue 565:596 Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS identified the glycan as galactosyl-β(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) and was α-linked to the C-terminal threonine residue. 25735823 1 19 theme human 170:174 arg1 physiology 184:193 human cardiac physiology 170:193 human cardiac physiology 170:193 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 4 20 with ring 658:661 arg1 phenylalanine 678:690 conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 668:712 phenylalanine 678:690 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 4 20 with ring 658:661 arg1 residues 705:712 conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 668:712 residues 705:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 1 21 theme cardiac 176:182 arg1 physiology 184:193 human cardiac physiology 170:193 human cardiac physiology 170:193 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 3 22 attach α-linked 553:560 arg2 Characterization 411:426 Characterization 411:426 Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS 411:465 Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS identified the glycan as galactosyl-β(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) and was α-linked to the C-terminal threonine residue. 25735823 3 22 attach α-linked 553:560 arg1 residue 590:596 the C-terminal threonine residue 565:596 the C-terminal threonine residue 565:596 Characterization using specific glycosidases and ETD-MS identified the glycan as galactosyl-β(1-3)-N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal-GalNAc) and was α-linked to the C-terminal threonine residue. 25735823 5 23 theme putative 894:901 arg1 pharmacophore 903:915 the putative pharmacophore 890:915 the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A 890:925 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 2 24 theme natriuretic 303:313 arg1 peptide 315:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide 273:321 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 2 24 theme natriuretic 303:313 arg1 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 TcNPa 324:328 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 0 25 theme bifunctional 25:36 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 2 26 theme Tropidechis 336:346 arg1 venom 358:362 Tropidechis carinatus venom 336:362 Tropidechis carinatus venom 336:362 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 5 27 contain containing 879:888 arg1 ring 874:877 the disulfide ring 860:877 the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A 860:925 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 5 27 contain containing 879:888 arg2 pharmacophore 903:915 the putative pharmacophore 890:915 the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A 890:925 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 4 28 contain contains 605:612 arg2 ring 658:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring 614:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 614:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 4 28 contain contains 605:612 arg1 TcNPa 599:603 TcNPa 599:603 TcNPa 599:603 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 5 29 theme solid-phase 784:794 arg1 synthesis 804:812 Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis 779:812 Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis 779:812 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 1 30 theme guanylyl 209:216 arg1 cyclase 218:224 guanylyl cyclase 209:224 their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B 203:250 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 0 31 theme natriuretic 53:63 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 6 32 theme proteolytic 1017:1027 arg1 degradation 1029:1039 proteolytic degradation 1017:1039 proteolytic degradation in plasma 1017:1049 Surprisingly, both forms activated NPR-A and NPR-B and were relatively resistant towards proteolytic degradation in plasma. 25735823 7 33 theme mimetics 1126:1133 arg1 development 1087:1097 the future development 1076:1097 the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1076:1133 This work will underpin the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics. 25735823 1 34 dep receptors 226:234 arg1 NPR-A 236:240 NPR-A 236:240 NPR-A 236:240 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 1 34 dep receptors 226:234 arg1 receptors 226:234 their guanylyl cyclase receptors 203:234 their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B 203:250 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 1 34 dep receptors 226:234 arg1 NPR-B 246:250 NPR-B 246:250 NPR-B 246:250 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 7 35 theme NP 1115:1116 arg1 mimetics 1126:1133 bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1102:1133 bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1102:1133 This work will underpin the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics. 25735823 2 36 theme carinatus 348:356 arg1 venom 358:362 Tropidechis carinatus venom 336:362 Tropidechis carinatus venom 336:362 Described herein is a bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide, TcNPa, from Tropidechis carinatus venom and it unusually targets both NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 0 37 theme O-glycosylated 38:51 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 5 38 theme glycosylated 720:731 arg1 forms 753:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 7 39 theme future 1080:1085 arg1 development 1087:1097 the future development 1076:1097 the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics 1076:1133 This work will underpin the future development of bifunctional NP peptide mimetics. 25735823 1 40 theme Natriuretic 120:130 arg1 peptides 132:139 Natriuretic peptides 120:139 Natriuretic peptides (NP) 120:144 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 1 40 theme Natriuretic 120:130 arg1 NP 142:143 NP 142:143 NP 142:143 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 6 41 from degradation 1029:1039 arg1 plasma 1044:1049 plasma 1044:1049 plasma 1044:1049 Surprisingly, both forms activated NPR-A and NPR-B and were relatively resistant towards proteolytic degradation in plasma. 25735823 5 42 theme NMR 818:820 arg1 analysis 822:829 NMR analysis 818:829 NMR analysis 818:829 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 1 43 theme cyclase 218:224 arg1 NPR-A 236:240 NPR-A 236:240 NPR-A 236:240 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 1 43 theme cyclase 218:224 arg1 receptors 226:234 their guanylyl cyclase receptors 203:234 their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B 203:250 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 1 43 theme cyclase 218:224 arg1 NPR-B 246:250 NPR-B 246:250 NPR-B 246:250 Natriuretic peptides (NP) play important roles in human cardiac physiology through their guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A and NPR-B. 25735823 5 44 theme nonglycosylated 737:751 arg1 forms 753:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 4 45 theme characteristic 618:631 arg1 ring 658:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring 614:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 614:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 0 46 from venom 88:92 arg1 α-helix 10:16 A defined α-helix 0:16 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 0:118 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 0 46 from venom 88:92 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 0 47 gly O-glycosylated 38:51 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 5 48 gly glycosylated 720:731 arg1 forms 753:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms 715:757 Both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms were synthesized by Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis and NMR analysis identified an α-helix within the disulfide ring containing the putative pharmacophore for NPR-A. 25735823 4 49 theme disulfide 648:656 arg1 ring 658:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring 614:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 614:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 0 50 theme peptide 65:71 arg1 TcNPa 73:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa 21:77 the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus 21:117 A defined α-helix in the bifunctional O-glycosylated natriuretic peptide TcNPa from the venom of Tropidechis carinatus. 25735823 4 51 theme NP 633:634 arg1 ring 658:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring 614:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 614:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 25735823 4 52 theme 17-membered 636:646 arg1 ring 658:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring 614:661 the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues 614:712 TcNPa contains the characteristic NP 17-membered disulfide ring with conserved phenylalanine and arginine residues. 26858256 4 0 theme Quantitative 557:568 arg1 analyses 585:592 Quantitative and structural analyses 557:592 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs 557:600 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 7 1 theme important 1267:1275 arg1 aspects 1277:1283 important aspects 1267:1283 important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs 1267:1325 These results provide insight into important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs. 26858256 5 2 theme spectrometric 938:950 arg1 analyses 952:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses 911:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses 911:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 1 3 theme mammalian 284:292 arg1 cells 294:298 mammalian cells 284:298 mammalian cells 284:298 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 4 4 theme vitroENGase 781:791 arg1 assays 793:798 Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays 754:798 Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays 754:798 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 0 5 theme Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 107:136 arg1 Action 85:90 the Action 81:90 the Action of a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 81:136 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides Initiated by the Action of a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26858256 4 6 theme structural 574:583 arg1 analyses 585:592 Quantitative and structural analyses 557:592 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs 557:600 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 4 7 theme α1,2-linked 833:843 arg1 residue 853:859 an α1,2-linked mannose residue 830:859 an α1,2-linked mannose residue 830:859 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 4 8 theme significant 654:664 arg1 accumulation 666:677 the significant accumulation 650:677 the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase 650:908 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 0 9 theme Cytosolic 97:105 arg1 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 107:136 a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 95:136 a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 95:136 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides Initiated by the Action of a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26858256 4 10 theme residue 853:859 arg1 presence 818:825 the presence 814:825 the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue 814:859 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 1 11 link dolichol-linked 213:227 arg1 DLOs 247:250 DLOs 247:250 DLOs 247:250 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 1 11 link dolichol-linked 213:227 arg1 oligosaccharides 229:244 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 213:244 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) 213:251 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 1 12 theme dolichol-linked 213:227 arg1 DLOs 247:250 DLOs 247:250 DLOs 247:250 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 1 12 theme dolichol-linked 213:227 arg1 oligosaccharides 229:244 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides 213:244 dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) 213:251 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 5 13 theme labeling 977:984 arg1 experiments 986:996 fluorescent labeling experiments 965:996 fluorescent labeling experiments 965:996 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 7 14 theme generation 1292:1301 arg1 aspects 1277:1283 important aspects 1267:1283 important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs 1267:1325 These results provide insight into important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs. 26858256 6 15 theme free 1209:1212 arg1 oligosaccharides 1214:1229 neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides 1192:1229 neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides 1192:1229 These results indicate that ENGase efficiently hydrolyzes POSs that are larger than Man4GlcNAc2-P, generating GlcNAc-1-P and neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides. 26858256 7 16 theme POSs 1322:1325 arg1 generation 1292:1301 generation 1292:1301 generation 1292:1301 These results provide insight into important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs. 26858256 7 16 theme POSs 1322:1325 arg1 degradation 1307:1317 degradation 1307:1317 degradation 1307:1317 These results provide insight into important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs. 26858256 7 17 dep generation 1292:1301 arg1 the 1288:1290 the 1288:1290 the 1288:1290 These results provide insight into important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs. 26858256 5 18 theme reducing 1053:1060 arg1 end 1062:1064 the reducing end 1049:1064 the reducing end 1049:1064 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 6 19 theme Gn1-type 1200:1207 arg1 oligosaccharides 1214:1229 neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides 1192:1229 neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides 1192:1229 These results indicate that ENGase efficiently hydrolyzes POSs that are larger than Man4GlcNAc2-P, generating GlcNAc-1-P and neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides. 26858256 3 20 theme glycan 463:468 arg1 pathway 482:488 a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway 447:488 a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) 447:554 Our findings indicate that POSs are catabolized via a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). 26858256 0 21 theme Non-lysosomal 0:12 arg1 Degradation 14:24 Non-lysosomal Degradation 0:24 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides 0:66 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides Initiated by the Action of a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26858256 3 22 theme degradation 470:480 arg1 pathway 482:488 a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway 447:488 a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) 447:554 Our findings indicate that POSs are catabolized via a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). 26858256 5 23 theme Liquid 911:916 arg1 analyses 952:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses 911:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses 911:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 4 24 theme mannose 845:851 arg1 residue 853:859 an α1,2-linked mannose residue 830:859 an α1,2-linked mannose residue 830:859 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 3 25 theme cytosolic 506:514 arg1 ENGase 548:553 ENGase 548:553 ENGase 548:553 Our findings indicate that POSs are catabolized via a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). 26858256 3 25 theme cytosolic 506:514 arg1 endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 516:545 a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 504:545 a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) 504:554 Our findings indicate that POSs are catabolized via a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). 26858256 5 26 contain contain 1018:1024 arg2 group 1040:1044 one phosphate group 1026:1044 one phosphate group 1026:1044 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 5 26 contain contain 1018:1024 arg1 POSs 1013:1016 such POSs 1008:1016 such POSs 1008:1016 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 5 26 contain contain 1018:1024 arg2 POSs 1013:1016 such POSs 1008:1016 such POSs 1008:1016 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 5 26 contain contain 1018:1024 arg1 end 1062:1064 the reducing end 1049:1064 the reducing end 1049:1064 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 4 27 theme ENGase 632:637 arg1 ablation 616:623 ablation 616:623 ablation of the ENGase 616:637 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 1 28 theme Phosphorylated 139:152 arg1 POSs 172:175 POSs 172:175 POSs 172:175 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 1 28 theme Phosphorylated 139:152 arg1 oligosaccharides 154:169 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides 139:169 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) 139:176 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 5 29 theme such 1008:1011 arg1 POSs 1013:1016 such POSs 1008:1016 such POSs 1008:1016 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 0 30 theme Oligosaccharides 51:66 arg1 Degradation 14:24 Non-lysosomal Degradation 0:24 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides 0:66 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides Initiated by the Action of a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26858256 1 31 theme oligosaccharides 229:244 arg1 degradation 198:208 the degradation 194:208 the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) 194:251 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 0 32 theme Phosphorylated 36:49 arg1 Oligosaccharides 51:66 Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides 29:66 Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides 29:66 Non-lysosomal Degradation of Singly Phosphorylated Oligosaccharides Initiated by the Action of a Cytosolic Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26858256 4 33 theme POSs 597:600 arg1 analyses 585:592 Quantitative and structural analyses 557:592 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs 557:600 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 3 34 theme non-lysosomal 449:461 arg1 pathway 482:488 a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway 447:488 a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) 447:554 Our findings indicate that POSs are catabolized via a non-lysosomal glycan degradation pathway that involves a cytosolic endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase). 26858256 7 35 theme degradation 1307:1317 arg1 aspects 1277:1283 important aspects 1267:1283 important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs 1267:1325 These results provide insight into important aspects of the generation and degradation of POSs. 26858256 5 36 theme fluorescent 965:975 arg1 experiments 986:996 fluorescent labeling experiments 965:996 fluorescent labeling experiments 965:996 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 2 37 located found 331:335 arg2 POSs 310:313 POSs 310:313 POSs 310:313 Although POSs are exclusively found in the cytosol, their intracellular fates remain unclear. 26858256 2 37 located found 331:335 arg1 cytosol 344:350 the cytosol 340:350 the cytosol 340:350 Although POSs are exclusively found in the cytosol, their intracellular fates remain unclear. 26858256 1 38 from mechanism 271:279 arg1 cells 294:298 mammalian cells 284:298 mammalian cells 284:298 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 5 39 theme phosphate 1030:1038 arg1 group 1040:1044 one phosphate group 1026:1044 one phosphate group 1026:1044 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 4 40 with accumulation 666:677 arg1 structure 709:717 a hexasaccharide structure 692:717 a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase 692:908 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 4 41 theme POSs 891:894 arg1 hydrolysis 877:886 the hydrolysis 873:886 the hydrolysis of POSs 873:894 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 2 42 theme intracellular 359:371 arg1 fates 373:377 their intracellular fates 353:377 their intracellular fates 353:377 Although POSs are exclusively found in the cytosol, their intracellular fates remain unclear. 26858256 6 43 theme neutral 1192:1198 arg1 oligosaccharides 1214:1229 neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides 1192:1229 neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides 1192:1229 These results indicate that ENGase efficiently hydrolyzes POSs that are larger than Man4GlcNAc2-P, generating GlcNAc-1-P and neutral Gn1-type free oligosaccharides. 26858256 1 44 theme unclarified 259:269 arg1 mechanism 271:279 an unclarified mechanism 256:279 an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells 256:298 Phosphorylated oligosaccharides (POSs) are produced by the degradation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides (DLOs) by an unclarified mechanism in mammalian cells. 26858256 4 45 dep Manα1,2Manα1,3 731:744 arg1 revealed 800:807 revealed 800:807 revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase 800:908 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 4 46 theme hexasaccharide 694:707 arg1 structure 709:717 a hexasaccharide structure 692:717 a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase 692:908 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 4 47 theme Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In 754:779 arg1 assays 793:798 Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays 754:798 Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays 754:798 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 5 48 theme chromatography-mass 918:936 arg1 analyses 952:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses 911:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses 911:959 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses and fluorescent labeling experiments show that such POSs contain one phosphate group at the reducing end. 26858256 4 49 link α1,2-linked 833:843 arg1 residue 853:859 an α1,2-linked mannose residue 830:859 an α1,2-linked mannose residue 830:859 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 26858256 4 50 theme POSs 682:685 arg1 accumulation 666:677 the significant accumulation 650:677 the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase 650:908 Quantitative and structural analyses of POSs revealed that ablation of the ENGase results in the significant accumulation of POSs with a hexasaccharide structure composed of Manα1,2Manα1,3(Manα1,6)Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4GlcNAc.In vitroENGase assays revealed that the presence of an α1,2-linked mannose residue facilitates the hydrolysis of POSs by the ENGase. 25179903 7 0 theme helical 1124:1130 arg1 structure 1132:1140 helical structure 1124:1140 helical structure 1124:1140 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 9 1 theme important 1429:1437 arg1 base 1439:1442 an important base 1426:1442 an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases 1426:1508 Our results display an insight into the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases and provide an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases. 25179903 4 2 theme structure 676:684 arg1 majority 692:699 a majority 690:699 a majority of the tertiary structure 690:725 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 4 2 theme structure 676:684 arg1 loss 656:659 the loss 652:659 the loss of the helical structure 652:684 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 2 3 from effects 278:284 arg1 inactivation 314:325 the thermal inactivation 302:325 the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 302:344 In the present study, the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 were investigated. 25179903 4 4 theme dynamic 553:559 arg1 scattering 567:576 dynamic light scattering 553:576 dynamic light scattering 553:576 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 0 5 theme glucoamylase 65:76 arg1 stability 52:60 the thermal stability 40:60 the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 40:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 7 6 theme structure 1132:1140 arg1 loss 1092:1095 The loss 1088:1095 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure 1088:1140 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 7 6 theme structure 1132:1140 arg1 responsible 1146:1156 responsible 1146:1156 responsible 1146:1156 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 2 7 theme GAM-1 330:334 arg1 inactivation 314:325 the thermal inactivation 302:325 the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 302:344 In the present study, the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 were investigated. 25179903 5 8 theme trehalose 911:919 arg1 presence 886:893 the presence 882:893 the presence of sorbitol and trehalose 882:919 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 was largely improved in the presence of sorbitol and trehalose. 25179903 0 9 from Effects 0:6 arg1 stability 52:60 the thermal stability 40:60 the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 40:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 7 10 theme bonding 1112:1118 arg1 loss 1092:1095 The loss 1088:1095 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure 1088:1140 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 7 10 theme bonding 1112:1118 arg1 responsible 1146:1156 responsible 1146:1156 responsible 1146:1156 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 4 11 theme structure 717:725 arg1 majority 692:699 a majority 690:699 a majority of the tertiary structure 690:725 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 4 11 theme structure 717:725 arg1 loss 656:659 the loss 652:659 the loss of the helical structure 652:684 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 0 12 theme Aspergillus 83:93 arg1 niger 95:99 Aspergillus niger 83:99 Aspergillus niger 83:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 4 13 theme tryptophan 728:737 arg1 residues 739:746 tryptophan residues 728:746 tryptophan residues 728:746 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 9 14 theme glucoamylases 1400:1412 arg1 inactivation 1384:1395 the thermal inactivation 1372:1395 the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases 1372:1412 Our results display an insight into the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases and provide an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases. 25179903 4 15 theme light 561:565 arg1 scattering 567:576 dynamic light scattering 553:576 dynamic light scattering 553:576 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 4 16 theme helical 668:674 arg1 structure 676:684 the helical structure 664:684 the helical structure 664:684 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 5 17 theme thermal 821:827 arg1 stability 829:837 The thermal stability 817:837 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 817:856 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 was largely improved in the presence of sorbitol and trehalose. 25179903 4 18 theme thermal 607:613 arg1 progress 628:635 the thermal inactivation progress 603:635 the thermal inactivation progress 603:635 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 6 19 theme thermal 1067:1073 arg1 aggregation 1075:1085 their thermal aggregation 1061:1085 their thermal aggregation 1061:1085 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE confirmed that sorbitol and trehalose maintained the native state of glucoamylases and prevented their thermal aggregation. 25179903 5 20 theme GAM-1 842:846 arg1 stability 829:837 The thermal stability 817:837 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 817:856 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 was largely improved in the presence of sorbitol and trehalose. 25179903 7 21 theme hydrophobic 1100:1110 arg1 bonding 1112:1118 hydrophobic bonding 1100:1118 hydrophobic bonding 1100:1118 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 2 22 theme present 259:265 arg1 study 267:271 the present study 255:271 the present study 255:271 In the present study, the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 were investigated. 25179903 9 23 theme stable 1489:1494 arg1 glucoamylases 1496:1508 the thermally stable glucoamylases 1475:1508 the thermally stable glucoamylases 1475:1508 Our results display an insight into the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases and provide an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases. 25179903 7 24 theme glucoamylase 1178:1189 arg1 activity 1191:1198 glucoamylase activity 1178:1198 glucoamylase activity 1178:1198 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 4 25 theme tertiary 708:715 arg1 structure 717:725 the tertiary structure 704:725 the tertiary structure 704:725 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 5 26 theme GAM-2 852:856 arg1 stability 829:837 The thermal stability 817:837 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 817:856 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 was largely improved in the presence of sorbitol and trehalose. 25179903 7 27 theme activity 1191:1198 arg1 decrease 1166:1173 the decrease 1162:1173 the decrease of glucoamylase activity 1162:1198 The loss of hydrophobic bonding and helical structure was responsible for the decrease of glucoamylase activity. 25179903 4 28 theme absorption 524:533 arg1 spectroscopy 535:546 UV absorption spectroscopy 521:546 UV absorption spectroscopy 521:546 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 8 29 theme substrate 1266:1274 arg1 affinity 1276:1283 substrate affinity 1266:1283 substrate affinity 1266:1283 Additionally, sorbitol and trehalose significantly increased the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of the two glucoamylases. 25179903 2 30 theme additives 289:297 arg1 effects 278:284 the effects 274:284 the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 274:344 In the present study, the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 were investigated. 25179903 8 31 theme catalytic 1289:1297 arg1 efficiency 1299:1308 catalytic efficiency 1289:1308 catalytic efficiency 1289:1308 Additionally, sorbitol and trehalose significantly increased the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of the two glucoamylases. 25179903 4 32 theme UV 521:522 arg1 spectroscopy 535:546 UV absorption spectroscopy 521:546 UV absorption spectroscopy 521:546 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 1 33 theme different 186:194 arg1 masses 206:211 different molecular masses 186:211 different molecular masses 186:211 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 0 34 theme temperature 11:21 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 0:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 9 35 theme thermal 1376:1382 arg1 inactivation 1384:1395 the thermal inactivation 1372:1395 the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases 1372:1412 Our results display an insight into the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases and provide an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases. 25179903 6 36 from spectroscopy 935:946 arg1 Results 922:928 Results 922:928 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE 922:962 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE confirmed that sorbitol and trehalose maintained the native state of glucoamylases and prevented their thermal aggregation. 25179903 1 37 contain possess 178:184 arg2 masses 206:211 different molecular masses 186:211 different molecular masses 186:211 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 37 contain possess 178:184 arg2 stability 241:249 thermal stability 233:249 thermal stability 233:249 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 37 contain possess 178:184 arg1 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 37 contain possess 178:184 arg1 glucoamylases 135:147 two themostable glucoamylases 119:147 two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30 119:175 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 37 contain possess 178:184 arg1 GAM-2 112:116 GAM-2 112:116 GAM-2 112:116 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 37 contain possess 178:184 arg2 glycosylation 214:226 glycosylation 214:226 glycosylation 214:226 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 38 theme Aspergillus 154:164 arg1 niger 166:170 Aspergillus niger B-30 154:175 Aspergillus niger B-30 154:175 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 39 theme molecular 196:204 arg1 masses 206:211 different molecular masses 186:211 different molecular masses 186:211 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 6 40 from Native-PAGE 952:962 arg1 Results 922:928 Results 922:928 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE 922:962 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE confirmed that sorbitol and trehalose maintained the native state of glucoamylases and prevented their thermal aggregation. 25179903 4 41 theme glucoamylases 790:802 arg1 aggregating 804:814 glucoamylases aggregating 790:814 glucoamylases aggregating 790:814 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 6 42 theme glucoamylases 1033:1045 arg1 state 1024:1028 the native state 1013:1028 the native state of glucoamylases 1013:1045 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE confirmed that sorbitol and trehalose maintained the native state of glucoamylases and prevented their thermal aggregation. 25179903 0 43 theme additives 27:35 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 0:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 4 44 theme dichroism 497:505 arg1 spectroscopy 507:518 circular dichroism spectroscopy 488:518 circular dichroism spectroscopy 488:518 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 3 45 theme GAM-2 393:397 arg1 half-lives 369:378 The half-lives 365:378 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C 365:405 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C were 45 and 216 min, respectively. 25179903 3 45 theme GAM-2 393:397 arg1 min 423:425 45 and 216 min 412:425 45 and 216 min 412:425 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C were 45 and 216 min, respectively. 25179903 9 46 theme industrial 1448:1457 arg1 applications 1459:1470 industrial applications 1448:1470 industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases 1448:1508 Our results display an insight into the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases and provide an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases. 25179903 0 47 theme thermal 44:50 arg1 stability 52:60 the thermal stability 40:60 the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 40:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 4 48 theme circular 488:495 arg1 spectroscopy 507:518 circular dichroism spectroscopy 488:518 circular dichroism spectroscopy 488:518 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 0 49 from stability 52:60 arg1 niger 95:99 Aspergillus niger 83:99 Aspergillus niger 83:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 8 50 theme glucoamylases 1321:1333 arg1 affinity 1276:1283 substrate affinity 1266:1283 substrate affinity 1266:1283 Additionally, sorbitol and trehalose significantly increased the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of the two glucoamylases. 25179903 8 50 theme glucoamylases 1321:1333 arg1 efficiency 1299:1308 catalytic efficiency 1289:1308 catalytic efficiency 1289:1308 Additionally, sorbitol and trehalose significantly increased the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of the two glucoamylases. 25179903 3 51 theme GAM-1 383:387 arg1 half-lives 369:378 The half-lives 365:378 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C 365:405 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C were 45 and 216 min, respectively. 25179903 3 51 theme GAM-1 383:387 arg1 min 423:425 45 and 216 min 412:425 45 and 216 min 412:425 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C were 45 and 216 min, respectively. 25179903 8 52 dep affinity 1276:1283 arg1 the 1262:1264 the 1262:1264 the 1262:1264 Additionally, sorbitol and trehalose significantly increased the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of the two glucoamylases. 25179903 6 53 theme native 1017:1022 arg1 state 1024:1028 the native state 1013:1028 the native state of glucoamylases 1013:1045 Results from spectroscopy and Native-PAGE confirmed that sorbitol and trehalose maintained the native state of glucoamylases and prevented their thermal aggregation. 25179903 2 54 theme thermal 306:312 arg1 inactivation 314:325 the thermal inactivation 302:325 the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 302:344 In the present study, the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 were investigated. 25179903 0 55 from niger 95:99 arg1 glucoamylase 65:76 glucoamylase 65:76 glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 65:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 0 55 from niger 95:99 arg1 stability 52:60 the thermal stability 40:60 the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger 40:99 Effects of temperature and additives on the thermal stability of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger. 25179903 9 56 theme glucoamylases 1496:1508 arg1 applications 1459:1470 industrial applications 1448:1470 industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases 1448:1508 Our results display an insight into the thermal inactivation of glucoamylases and provide an important base for industrial applications of the thermally stable glucoamylases. 25179903 5 57 theme sorbitol 898:905 arg1 presence 886:893 the presence 882:893 the presence of sorbitol and trehalose 882:919 The thermal stability of GAM-1 and GAM-2 was largely improved in the presence of sorbitol and trehalose. 25179903 3 58 from 70°C 402:405 arg1 half-lives 369:378 The half-lives 365:378 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C 365:405 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C were 45 and 216 min, respectively. 25179903 3 58 from 70°C 402:405 arg1 min 423:425 45 and 216 min 412:425 45 and 216 min 412:425 The half-lives of GAM-1 and GAM-2 at 70°C were 45 and 216 min, respectively. 25179903 1 59 theme themostable 123:133 arg1 glucoamylases 135:147 two themostable glucoamylases 119:147 two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30 119:175 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 59 theme themostable 123:133 arg1 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 4 60 theme fluorescence 461:472 arg1 spectroscopy 474:485 fluorescence spectroscopy 461:485 fluorescence spectroscopy 461:485 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 4 61 theme inactivation 615:626 arg1 progress 628:635 the thermal inactivation progress 603:635 the thermal inactivation progress 603:635 Data obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, UV absorption spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering demonstrated that during the thermal inactivation progress, combined with the loss of the helical structure and a majority of the tertiary structure, tryptophan residues were partially exposed and further led to glucoamylases aggregating. 25179903 1 62 from niger 166:170 arg1 glucoamylases 135:147 two themostable glucoamylases 119:147 two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30 119:175 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 1 62 from niger 166:170 arg1 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 102:106 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 25179903 2 63 theme GAM-2 340:344 arg1 inactivation 314:325 the thermal inactivation 302:325 the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 302:344 In the present study, the effects of additives on the thermal inactivation of GAM-1 and GAM-2 were investigated. 25179903 1 64 theme thermal 233:239 arg1 stability 241:249 thermal stability 233:249 thermal stability 233:249 GAM-1 and GAM-2, two themostable glucoamylases from Aspergillus niger B-30, possess different molecular masses, glycosylation, and thermal stability. 28682619 7 0 theme related 1607:1613 arg1 hexasaccharide 1592:1605 a multibranched hexasaccharide 1576:1605 a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1576:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 5 1 theme -linked 1295:1301 arg1 trisaccharides 1303:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 1 theme -linked 1295:1301 arg1 group 1220:1224 the hydroxyl group 1207:1224 the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2) 1207:1284 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 1 theme -linked 1295:1301 arg1 → 1291:1291 1 → 3 1289:1293 1 → 3 1289:1293 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 2 theme multibranched 1578:1590 arg1 hexasaccharide 1592:1605 a multibranched hexasaccharide 1576:1605 a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1576:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 3 from chain 1759:1763 arg1 units 1814:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 5 4 link -linked 1295:1301 arg1 trisaccharides 1303:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 4 link -linked 1295:1301 arg1 group 1220:1224 the hydroxyl group 1207:1224 the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2) 1207:1284 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 4 link -linked 1295:1301 arg1 → 1291:1291 1 → 3 1289:1293 1 → 3 1289:1293 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 4 5 theme ring 762:765 arg1 equilibria 767:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria 738:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents 738:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 2 6 theme glycosylation 336:348 arg1 reactions 350:358 glycosylation reactions 336:358 glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors 336:382 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 0 7 theme Related 132:138 arg1 Hexasaccharide 117:130 a Hexasaccharide 115:130 a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 115:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 4 8 theme Conformational 738:751 arg1 equilibria 767:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria 738:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents 738:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 3 9 theme challenging 683:693 arg1 situation 695:703 a challenging situation 681:703 a challenging situation with respect to steric crowding 681:735 The acceptors in reactions being secondary alcohols presents a challenging situation with respect to steric crowding. 28682619 4 10 theme axial-rich 821:830 arg1 substituents 832:843 axial-rich substituents 821:843 axial-rich substituents 821:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 6 11 theme boat 1391:1394 arg1 conformations 1396:1408 boat conformations 1391:1408 boat conformations 1391:1408 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 5 12 theme ethyl 1057:1061 arg1 donors 1096:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors 1057:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1057:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 13 theme repeating 1804:1812 arg1 units 1814:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 14 theme → 1710:1710 arg1 backbone 1722:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 0 15 theme Streptococcus 176:188 arg1 Type 201:204 Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 176:207 Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 176:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 5 16 theme hydroxyl 1211:1218 arg1 trisaccharides 1303:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 16 theme hydroxyl 1211:1218 arg1 group 1220:1224 the hydroxyl group 1207:1224 the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2) 1207:1284 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 17 theme disaccharide 1083:1094 arg1 donors 1096:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors 1057:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1057:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 2 18 theme bulky 561:565 arg1 groups 591:596 bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 561:596 bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 561:596 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 4 19 theme superarmed 785:794 arg1 donors 809:814 the superarmed disaccharide donors 781:814 the superarmed disaccharide donors 781:814 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 5 20 theme dichloromethane/toluene 1016:1038 arg1 mixture 1048:1054 a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture 1014:1054 a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture 1014:1054 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 21 theme d-glucosyl 1768:1777 arg1 residues 1779:1786 d-glucosyl residues 1768:1786 d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1768:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 4 22 theme donors 809:814 arg1 equilibria 767:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria 738:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents 738:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 2 23 theme different 601:609 arg1 extents 611:617 different extents 601:617 different extents 601:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 2 24 dep selectivity 390:400 arg1 issues 417:422 issues 417:422 issues 417:422 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 3 25 from acceptors 624:632 arg1 reactions 637:645 reactions 637:645 reactions being secondary alcohols 637:670 The acceptors in reactions being secondary alcohols presents a challenging situation with respect to steric crowding. 28682619 6 26 theme assumed 1446:1452 arg1 state 1465:1469 the assumed transition state 1442:1469 the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions 1442:1502 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 5 27 theme glucopyranosyl 1243:1256 arg1 acceptors 1258:1266 glucopyranosyl acceptors 1243:1266 glucopyranosyl acceptors 1243:1266 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 28 theme -linked 1746:1752 arg1 chain 1759:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain 1735:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1735:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 5 29 from position 1229:1236 arg1 trisaccharides 1303:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides 1286:1316 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 29 from position 1229:1236 arg1 group 1220:1224 the hydroxyl group 1207:1224 the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2) 1207:1284 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 30 link -linked 1746:1752 arg1 chain 1759:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain 1735:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1735:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 31 from backbone 1722:1729 arg1 units 1814:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 0 32 theme Structure-Reactivity 0:19 arg1 Relationships 21:33 Structure-Reactivity Relationships 0:33 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors 0:79 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 1 33 theme glycoconjugates 300:314 arg1 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 1 33 theme glycoconjugates 300:314 arg1 methods 268:274 efficient synthesis methods 248:274 efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates 248:314 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 2 34 link β-linked 510:517 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 7 35 theme pneumoniae 1665:1674 arg1 type 1676:1679 Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37 1651:1682 Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37 1651:1682 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 5 36 theme group 1121:1125 arg1 s 1127:1127 6-O-benzyl group(s) 1110:1128 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1110:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 2 37 theme 2-O-glycosylated 519:534 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 0 38 from Type 201:204 arg1 Polysaccharide 156:169 the Capsular Polysaccharide 143:169 the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 143:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 4 39 with equilibria 767:776 arg1 substituents 832:843 axial-rich substituents 821:843 axial-rich substituents 821:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 0 40 theme Armed 55:59 arg1 Donors 74:79 Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors 38:79 Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors 38:79 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 2 41 gly 2-O-glycosylated 519:534 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 2 42 theme protected 500:508 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 0 43 theme Donors 74:79 arg1 Relationships 21:33 Structure-Reactivity Relationships 0:33 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors 0:79 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 0 43 theme Donors 74:79 arg1 Use 91:93 Their Use 85:93 Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 85:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 7 44 theme capsular 1622:1629 arg1 polysaccharide 1631:1644 the capsular polysaccharide 1618:1644 the capsular polysaccharide 1618:1644 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 2 45 theme superarmed 366:375 arg1 donors 377:382 superarmed donors 366:382 superarmed donors 366:382 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 1 46 theme glycobiology 234:245 arg1 field 225:229 the field 221:229 the field of glycobiology 221:245 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 1 47 theme efficient 248:256 arg1 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 1 47 theme efficient 248:256 arg1 methods 268:274 efficient synthesis methods 248:274 efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates 248:314 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 7 48 theme hexasaccharide 1592:1605 arg1 synthesis 1563:1571 the synthesis 1559:1571 the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1559:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 1 49 theme synthesis 258:266 arg1 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 1 49 theme synthesis 258:266 arg1 methods 268:274 efficient synthesis methods 248:274 efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates 248:314 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 6 50 theme axial-rich 1361:1370 arg1 donors 1372:1377 The more axial-rich donors 1352:1377 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations 1352:1408 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 1 51 theme oligosaccharides 279:294 arg1 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 requisite 322:330 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 1 51 theme oligosaccharides 279:294 arg1 methods 268:274 efficient synthesis methods 248:274 efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates 248:314 To advance the field of glycobiology, efficient synthesis methods of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are a requisite. 28682619 4 52 contain contained 845:853 arg2 conformations 869:881 boat conformations 864:881 boat conformations 864:881 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 4 52 contain contained 845:853 arg1 equilibria 767:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria 738:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents 738:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 4 52 contain contained 845:853 arg2 skew 855:858 skew 855:858 skew 855:858 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 7 53 from type 1676:1679 arg1 polysaccharide 1631:1644 the capsular polysaccharide 1618:1644 the capsular polysaccharide 1618:1644 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 54 from residues 1779:1786 arg1 units 1814:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 4 55 theme pyranose 753:760 arg1 equilibria 767:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria 738:776 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents 738:843 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 7 56 theme developed 1509:1517 arg1 methodology 1519:1529 The developed methodology 1505:1529 The developed methodology 1505:1529 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 3 57 theme secondary 653:661 arg1 alcohols 663:670 secondary alcohols 653:670 secondary alcohols 653:670 The acceptors in reactions being secondary alcohols presents a challenging situation with respect to steric crowding. 28682619 7 58 theme -linked 1714:1720 arg1 backbone 1722:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 59 from units 1814:1818 arg1 backbone 1722:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 59 from units 1814:1818 arg1 chain 1759:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain 1735:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1735:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 5 60 contain having 1103:1108 arg1 donors 1096:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors 1057:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1057:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 60 contain having 1103:1108 arg2 s 1127:1127 6-O-benzyl group(s) 1110:1128 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1110:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 0 61 theme Capsular 147:154 arg1 Polysaccharide 156:169 the Capsular Polysaccharide 143:169 the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 143:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 0 62 from Use 91:93 arg1 Synthesis 102:110 the Synthesis 98:110 the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 98:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 7 63 dep -linked 1746:1752 arg1 → 1742:1742 1 → 2 1740:1744 1 → 2 1740:1744 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 0 64 theme pneumoniae 190:199 arg1 Type 201:204 Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 176:207 Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 176:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 5 65 theme 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl 1063:1081 arg1 donors 1096:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors 1057:1101 ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1057:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 66 theme β- 1705:1706 arg1 backbone 1722:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 67 link -linked 1714:1720 arg1 backbone 1722:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 6 68 theme glycosylation 1480:1492 arg1 reactions 1494:1502 these glycosylation reactions 1474:1502 these glycosylation reactions 1474:1502 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 7 69 theme disaccharide 1791:1802 arg1 units 1814:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 disaccharide repeating units 1791:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 5 70 theme % 1343:1343 arg1 yield 1345:1349 excellent 95% yield 1331:1349 excellent 95% yield 1331:1349 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 6 71 from state 1465:1469 arg1 reactions 1494:1502 these glycosylation reactions 1474:1502 these glycosylation reactions 1474:1502 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 5 72 theme solvent 1040:1046 arg1 mixture 1048:1054 a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture 1014:1054 a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture 1014:1054 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 73 theme residues 1779:1786 arg1 backbone 1722:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone 1703:1729 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 7 73 theme residues 1779:1786 arg1 chain 1759:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain 1735:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1735:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 2 74 theme glucosyl 536:543 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 0 75 from Relationships 21:33 arg1 Synthesis 102:110 the Synthesis 98:110 the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 98:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 4 76 theme disaccharide 796:807 arg1 donors 809:814 the superarmed disaccharide donors 781:814 the superarmed disaccharide donors 781:814 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 6 77 theme transition 1454:1463 arg1 state 1465:1469 the assumed transition state 1442:1469 the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions 1442:1502 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 7 78 dep backbone 1722:1729 arg1 3 1712:1712 3 1712:1712 3 1712:1712 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 0 79 theme Hexasaccharide 117:130 arg1 Synthesis 102:110 the Synthesis 98:110 the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37 98:207 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 5 80 theme acceptors 1258:1266 arg1 position 1229:1236 position 3 1229:1238 position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2) 1229:1284 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 81 theme side 1754:1757 arg1 chain 1759:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain 1735:1763 a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units 1735:1818 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 2 82 theme tert-butyldimethylsilyl 567:589 arg1 groups 591:596 bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 561:596 bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 561:596 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 4 83 theme three-state 888:898 arg1 models 900:905 three-state models 888:905 three-state models 888:905 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 5 84 theme 6-O-benzyl 1110:1119 arg1 s 1127:1127 6-O-benzyl group(s) 1110:1128 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1110:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 4 85 theme boat 864:867 arg1 conformations 869:881 boat conformations 864:881 boat conformations 864:881 Conformational pyranose ring equilibria of the superarmed disaccharide donors with axial-rich substituents contained skew and boat conformations, and three-state models were generally assumed. 28682619 0 86 theme Disaccharide 61:72 arg1 Donors 74:79 Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors 38:79 Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors 38:79 Structure-Reactivity Relationships of Conformationally Armed Disaccharide Donors and Their Use in the Synthesis of a Hexasaccharide Related to the Capsular Polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 37. 28682619 2 87 theme β-linked 510:517 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 3 88 theme steric 721:726 arg1 crowding 728:735 steric crowding 721:735 steric crowding 721:735 The acceptors in reactions being secondary alcohols presents a challenging situation with respect to steric crowding. 28682619 5 89 theme excellent 1331:1339 arg1 yield 1345:1349 excellent 95% yield 1331:1349 excellent 95% yield 1331:1349 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 7 90 theme Streptococcus 1651:1663 arg1 type 1676:1679 Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37 1651:1682 Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37 1651:1682 The developed methodology was subsequently applied in the synthesis of a multibranched hexasaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37, which consists of a β-(1 → 3)-linked backbone and a β-(1 → 2)-linked side chain of d-glucosyl residues in disaccharide repeating units. 28682619 2 91 contain carrying 552:559 arg2 groups 591:596 bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 561:596 bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 561:596 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 2 91 contain carrying 552:559 arg1 donors 545:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors 488:550 differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents 488:617 In glycosylation reactions using superarmed donors, both selectivity and reactivity issues must be considered, and we herein investigate these aspects for differently protected β-linked 2-O-glycosylated glucosyl donors carrying bulky tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups to different extents. 28682619 5 92 theme tert-butyldimethylsilyl 1138:1160 arg1 groups 1162:1167 tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1138:1167 tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups 1138:1167 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 5 93 theme 95 1341:1342 arg1 % 1343:1343 % 1343:1343 % 1343:1343 With NIS/TfOH as the promotor, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine as the base, and a dichloromethane/toluene solvent mixture, ethyl 1-thio-β-d-glucosyl disaccharide donors having 6-O-benzyl group(s) besides tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups were efficiently coupled at -40 °C to the hydroxyl group at position 3 of glucopyranosyl acceptors to form β-(1 → 2),β-(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharides, isolated in excellent 95% yield. 28682619 6 94 from donors 1372:1377 arg1 skew 1382:1385 skew 1382:1385 skew 1382:1385 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 28682619 6 94 from donors 1372:1377 arg1 conformations 1396:1408 boat conformations 1391:1408 boat conformations 1391:1408 The more axial-rich donors in skew and boat conformations are thus preorganized closer to the assumed transition state in these glycosylation reactions. 26420879 8 0 theme serum 1203:1207 arg1 μl 1197:1198 as little as 20 μl 1181:1198 as little as 20 μl of serum 1181:1207 Both protocols permitted absolute quantitation of GSL-glycans using as little as 20 μl of serum. 26420879 9 1 theme healthy 1219:1225 arg1 samples 1239:1245 10 healthy human serum samples 1216:1245 10 healthy human serum samples 1216:1245 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 6 2 theme sample 940:945 arg1 protocols 959:967 two sample preparation protocols 936:967 two sample preparation protocols 936:967 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 6 2 theme sample 940:945 arg1 other 987:991 other 987:991 other 987:991 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 6 2 theme sample 940:945 arg1 one 970:972 one 970:972 one 970:972 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 0 3 theme EGCase 67:72 arg1 digestion 74:82 an EGCase digestion 64:82 an EGCase digestion 64:82 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 9 4 theme human 1227:1231 arg1 samples 1239:1245 10 healthy human serum samples 1216:1245 10 healthy human serum samples 1216:1245 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 0 5 theme glycoblotting 88:100 arg1 method 102:107 glycoblotting method 88:107 glycoblotting method 88:107 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 1 6 theme membrane 325:332 arg1 properties 343:352 membrane physical properties 325:352 membrane physical properties 325:352 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 9 7 theme serum 1233:1237 arg1 samples 1239:1245 10 healthy human serum samples 1216:1245 10 healthy human serum samples 1216:1245 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 3 8 theme GSLs 552:555 arg1 expression 538:547 altered expression 530:547 altered expression of GSLs in various diseases 530:575 Thus, altered expression of GSLs in various diseases may be of importance for disease-related biomarker discovery. 26420879 9 9 theme total 1348:1352 arg1 concentration 1371:1383 the total serum GSL-glycan concentration 1344:1383 the total serum GSL-glycan concentration 1344:1383 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 9 9 theme total 1348:1352 arg1 μM 1416:1417 12.1-21.4 μM 1406:1417 12.1-21.4 μM 1406:1417 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 1 10 theme physical 334:341 arg1 properties 343:352 membrane physical properties 325:352 membrane physical properties 325:352 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 2 11 dep pathophysiology 470:484 arg1 the 466:468 the 466:468 the 466:468 These bioactive GSL molecules consequently affect the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. 26420879 5 12 theme endoglycoceramidase 859:877 arg1 digestion 879:887 endoglycoceramidase digestion 859:887 endoglycoceramidase digestion 859:887 In this study, we established absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification. 26420879 9 13 theme GSL-glycan 1360:1369 arg1 concentration 1371:1383 the total serum GSL-glycan concentration 1344:1383 the total serum GSL-glycan concentration 1344:1383 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 9 13 theme GSL-glycan 1360:1369 arg1 μM 1416:1417 12.1-21.4 μM 1406:1417 12.1-21.4 μM 1406:1417 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 5 14 theme GSL-glycan 815:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 absolute GSL-glycan analysis 806:833 absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification 806:918 In this study, we established absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification. 26420879 1 15 attach linked 156:161 arg1 units 179:183 carbohydrate units 166:183 carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events 166:413 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 1 15 attach linked 156:161 arg2 Glycosphingolipids 110:127 Glycosphingolipids 110:127 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 110:134 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 1 15 attach linked 156:161 arg2 molecules 146:154 lipid molecules 140:154 lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events 140:413 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 1 16 theme carbohydrate 166:177 arg1 units 179:183 carbohydrate units 166:183 carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events 166:413 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 0 17 theme GSL-glycome 13:23 arg1 analysis 25:32 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis 0:32 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum 0:53 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 1 18 theme specific 358:365 arg1 sites 379:383 specific recognition sites 358:383 specific recognition sites 358:383 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 9 19 theme serum 1354:1358 arg1 concentration 1371:1383 the total serum GSL-glycan concentration 1344:1383 the total serum GSL-glycan concentration 1344:1383 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 9 19 theme serum 1354:1358 arg1 μM 1416:1417 12.1-21.4 μM 1406:1417 12.1-21.4 μM 1406:1417 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 0 20 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 analysis 25:32 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis 0:32 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum 0:53 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 10 21 theme serum 1474:1478 arg1 samples 1480:1486 TLC-prefractionated serum samples 1454:1486 TLC-prefractionated serum samples 1454:1486 We further applied this method to TLC-prefractionated serum samples. 26420879 2 22 theme GSL 432:434 arg1 molecules 436:444 These bioactive GSL molecules 416:444 These bioactive GSL molecules 416:444 These bioactive GSL molecules consequently affect the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. 26420879 4 23 from concentrations 744:757 arg1 serum/plasma 762:773 serum/plasma 762:773 serum/plasma 762:773 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 4 23 from concentrations 744:757 arg1 present 719:725 present 719:725 present 719:725 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 3 24 theme various 560:566 arg1 diseases 568:575 various diseases 560:575 various diseases 560:575 Thus, altered expression of GSLs in various diseases may be of importance for disease-related biomarker discovery. 26420879 11 25 theme disease-related 1533:1547 arg1 biomarkers 1549:1558 disease-related biomarkers 1533:1558 disease-related biomarkers 1533:1558 These findings will assist the discovery of disease-related biomarkers by serum GSL-glycomics. 26420879 2 26 theme bioactive 422:430 arg1 molecules 436:444 These bioactive GSL molecules 416:444 These bioactive GSL molecules 416:444 These bioactive GSL molecules consequently affect the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. 26420879 6 27 theme GSL 1001:1003 arg1 extraction 1005:1014 GSL extraction 1001:1014 GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol 1001:1040 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 8 28 theme absolute 1138:1145 arg1 quantitation 1147:1158 absolute quantitation 1138:1158 absolute quantitation of GSL-glycans using as little as 20 μl of serum 1138:1207 Both protocols permitted absolute quantitation of GSL-glycans using as little as 20 μl of serum. 26420879 1 29 theme recognition 367:377 arg1 sites 379:383 specific recognition sites 358:383 specific recognition sites 358:383 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 4 30 from analysis 648:655 arg1 blood 668:672 blood 668:672 blood 668:672 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 5 31 theme human 838:842 arg1 serum 844:848 human serum 838:848 human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification 838:918 In this study, we established absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification. 26420879 0 32 theme whole 43:47 arg1 serum 49:53 human whole serum 37:53 human whole serum 37:53 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 8 33 theme GSL-glycans 1163:1173 arg1 quantitation 1147:1158 absolute quantitation 1138:1158 absolute quantitation of GSL-glycans using as little as 20 μl of serum 1138:1207 Both protocols permitted absolute quantitation of GSL-glycans using as little as 20 μl of serum. 26420879 4 34 theme GSLs 660:663 arg1 analysis 648:655 analysis 648:655 analysis of GSLs in blood 648:672 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 1 35 theme plasma 199:204 arg1 raft 221:224 the plasma membrane lipid raft 195:224 the plasma membrane lipid raft 195:224 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 0 36 theme human 37:41 arg1 serum 49:53 human whole serum 37:53 human whole serum 37:53 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 1 37 theme specific 279:286 arg1 proteins 288:295 specific proteins 279:295 specific proteins 279:295 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 9 38 theme GSL-glycan 1282:1291 arg1 compositions 1293:1304 GSL-glycan compositions 1282:1304 GSL-glycan compositions 1282:1304 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 3 39 theme disease-related 602:616 arg1 discovery 628:636 disease-related biomarker discovery 602:636 disease-related biomarker discovery 602:636 Thus, altered expression of GSLs in various diseases may be of importance for disease-related biomarker discovery. 26420879 1 40 theme membrane 206:213 arg1 raft 221:224 the plasma membrane lipid raft 195:224 the plasma membrane lipid raft 195:224 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 5 41 theme absolute 806:813 arg1 analysis 826:833 absolute GSL-glycan analysis 806:833 absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification 806:918 In this study, we established absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification. 26420879 1 42 theme various 389:395 arg1 events 408:413 various biological events 389:413 various biological events 389:413 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 0 43 theme serum 49:53 arg1 analysis 25:32 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis 0:32 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum 0:53 Quantitative GSL-glycome analysis of human whole serum based on an EGCase digestion and glycoblotting method. 26420879 4 44 located present 719:725 arg1 concentrations 744:757 extremely low concentrations 730:757 extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma 730:773 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 4 44 located present 719:725 arg2 GSLs 710:713 GSLs 710:713 GSLs 710:713 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 1 45 theme biological 397:406 arg1 events 408:413 various biological events 389:413 various biological events 389:413 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 11 46 theme serum 1563:1567 arg1 GSL-glycomics 1569:1581 serum GSL-glycomics 1563:1581 serum GSL-glycomics 1563:1581 These findings will assist the discovery of disease-related biomarkers by serum GSL-glycomics. 26420879 10 47 theme TLC-prefractionated 1454:1472 arg1 samples 1480:1486 TLC-prefractionated serum samples 1454:1486 TLC-prefractionated serum samples 1454:1486 We further applied this method to TLC-prefractionated serum samples. 26420879 7 48 theme GSL-glycans 1062:1072 arg1 GSL-glycans 1062:1072 GSL-glycans 1062:1072 GSL-glycans 1062:1072 Similar amounts of GSL-glycans were recovered with the two protocols. 26420879 7 48 theme GSL-glycans 1062:1072 arg1 amounts 1051:1057 Similar amounts 1043:1057 Similar amounts of GSL-glycans 1043:1072 Similar amounts of GSL-glycans were recovered with the two protocols. 26420879 4 49 theme low 740:742 arg1 concentrations 744:757 extremely low concentrations 730:757 extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma 730:773 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 1 50 theme lipid 215:219 arg1 raft 221:224 the plasma membrane lipid raft 195:224 the plasma membrane lipid raft 195:224 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 7 51 theme Similar 1043:1049 arg1 GSL-glycans 1062:1072 GSL-glycans 1062:1072 GSL-glycans 1062:1072 Similar amounts of GSL-glycans were recovered with the two protocols. 26420879 7 51 theme Similar 1043:1049 arg1 amounts 1051:1057 Similar amounts 1043:1057 Similar amounts of GSL-glycans 1043:1072 Similar amounts of GSL-glycans were recovered with the two protocols. 26420879 3 52 theme altered 530:536 arg1 expression 538:547 altered expression 530:547 altered expression of GSLs in various diseases 530:575 Thus, altered expression of GSLs in various diseases may be of importance for disease-related biomarker discovery. 26420879 11 53 theme biomarkers 1549:1558 arg1 discovery 1520:1528 the discovery 1516:1528 the discovery of disease-related biomarkers by serum GSL-glycomics 1516:1581 These findings will assist the discovery of disease-related biomarkers by serum GSL-glycomics. 26420879 2 54 theme diseases 514:521 arg1 pathogenesis 490:501 pathogenesis 490:501 pathogenesis 490:501 These bioactive GSL molecules consequently affect the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. 26420879 2 54 theme diseases 514:521 arg1 pathophysiology 470:484 pathophysiology 470:484 pathophysiology 470:484 These bioactive GSL molecules consequently affect the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. 26420879 3 55 theme biomarker 618:626 arg1 discovery 628:636 disease-related biomarker discovery 602:636 disease-related biomarker discovery 602:636 Thus, altered expression of GSLs in various diseases may be of importance for disease-related biomarker discovery. 26420879 9 56 dep 42 1254:1255 arg1 to 1251:1252 to 1251:1252 to 1251:1252 Using 10 healthy human serum samples, up to 42 signals corresponding to GSL-glycan compositions could be quantitatively detected, and the total serum GSL-glycan concentration was calculated to be 12.1-21.4 μM. 26420879 5 57 theme glycoblotting 893:905 arg1 purification 907:918 glycoblotting purification 893:918 glycoblotting purification 893:918 In this study, we established absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification. 26420879 6 58 theme preparation 947:957 arg1 protocols 959:967 two sample preparation protocols 936:967 two sample preparation protocols 936:967 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 6 58 theme preparation 947:957 arg1 other 987:991 other 987:991 other 987:991 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 6 58 theme preparation 947:957 arg1 one 970:972 one 970:972 one 970:972 We established two sample preparation protocols, one with and the other without GSL extraction using chloroform/methanol. 26420879 2 59 theme various 506:512 arg1 diseases 514:521 various diseases 506:521 various diseases 506:521 These bioactive GSL molecules consequently affect the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of various diseases. 26420879 4 60 attach present 719:725 arg1 concentrations 744:757 extremely low concentrations 730:757 extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma 730:773 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 4 60 attach present 719:725 arg2 GSLs 710:713 GSLs 710:713 GSLs 710:713 However, analysis of GSLs in blood is particularly challenging because GSLs are present at extremely low concentrations in serum/plasma. 26420879 5 61 theme serum 844:848 arg1 analysis 826:833 absolute GSL-glycan analysis 806:833 absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification 806:918 In this study, we established absolute GSL-glycan analysis of human serum based on endoglycoceramidase digestion and glycoblotting purification. 26420879 1 62 theme lipid 140:144 arg1 Glycosphingolipids 110:127 Glycosphingolipids 110:127 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 110:134 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 1 62 theme lipid 140:144 arg1 molecules 146:154 lipid molecules 140:154 lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events 140:413 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are lipid molecules linked to carbohydrate units that form the plasma membrane lipid raft, which is clustered with sphingolipids, sterols, and specific proteins, and thereby contributes to membrane physical properties and specific recognition sites for various biological events. 26420879 3 63 from expression 538:547 arg1 diseases 568:575 various diseases 560:575 various diseases 560:575 Thus, altered expression of GSLs in various diseases may be of importance for disease-related biomarker discovery. 25594534 1 0 theme N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine 142:172 arg1 linkers 187:193 N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers 142:193 N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers 142:193 The synthesis of a number of N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers is described. 25594534 1 1 theme bifunctional 174:185 arg1 linkers 187:193 N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers 142:193 N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers 142:193 The synthesis of a number of N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers is described. 25594534 0 2 theme stable 89:94 arg1 glycoconjugates 96:110 hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates 74:110 hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates 74:110 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 25594534 3 3 theme overall 492:498 arg1 yield 500:504 overall yield 492:504 51-96% overall yield 485:504 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 2 4 theme terminal 303:310 arg1 group 312:316 a terminal group 301:316 a terminal group 301:316 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 1 5 theme linkers 187:193 arg1 number 132:137 a number 130:137 a number of N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers 130:193 The synthesis of a number of N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers is described. 25594534 0 6 theme glycoconjugates 96:110 arg1 preparation 59:69 the preparation 55:69 the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates 55:110 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 25594534 4 7 theme hydrolytic 699:708 arg1 cleavage 710:717 hydrolytic cleavage 699:717 hydrolytic cleavage 699:717 Moreover, the linkers can be conjugated to glycans in excellent yield and they show excellent stability toward hydrolytic cleavage. 25594534 0 8 theme rapid 4:8 arg1 synthesis 21:29 The rapid and facile synthesis 0:29 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 0:111 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 25594534 0 9 theme facile 14:19 arg1 synthesis 21:29 The rapid and facile synthesis 0:29 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 0:111 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 25594534 3 10 dep efficient 474:482 arg1 % 490:490 51-96% 485:490 51-96% overall yield 485:504 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 2 11 theme choice 403:408 arg1 probe 394:398 the probe 390:398 the probe of choice 390:408 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 3 12 theme linkers 524:530 arg1 linkers 524:530 the linkers 520:530 the linkers 520:530 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 3 12 theme linkers 524:530 arg1 many 512:515 many 512:515 many 512:515 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 2 13 contain contain 221:227 arg1 linkers 213:219 The linkers 209:219 The linkers 209:219 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 2 13 contain contain 221:227 arg2 group 312:316 a terminal group 301:316 a terminal group 301:316 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 2 13 contain contain 221:227 arg2 group 258:262 an N-methoxyamine functional group 229:262 an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates 229:295 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 3 14 theme three-step 559:568 arg1 strategy 578:585 a three-step one-pot strategy 557:585 a three-step one-pot strategy 557:585 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 3 15 theme linker 432:437 arg1 synthesis 439:447 the linker synthesis 428:447 the linker synthesis 428:447 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 0 16 theme linkers 43:49 arg1 synthesis 21:29 The rapid and facile synthesis 0:29 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 0:111 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 25594534 3 17 theme one-pot 570:576 arg1 strategy 578:585 a three-step one-pot strategy 557:585 a three-step one-pot strategy 557:585 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 2 18 theme functional 247:256 arg1 group 258:262 an N-methoxyamine functional group 229:262 an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates 229:295 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 3 19 theme 3-4 459:461 arg1 strategy 415:422 The strategy 411:422 The strategy for the linker synthesis 411:447 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 3 19 theme 3-4 459:461 arg1 rapid 452:456 rapid 452:456 rapid 452:456 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 3 19 theme 3-4 459:461 arg1 steps 463:467 3-4 steps 459:467 3-4 steps 459:467 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 0 20 theme oxyamine 34:41 arg1 linkers 43:49 oxyamine linkers 34:49 oxyamine linkers 34:49 The rapid and facile synthesis of oxyamine linkers for the preparation of hydrolytically stable glycoconjugates. 25594534 2 21 theme N-methoxyamine 232:245 arg1 group 258:262 an N-methoxyamine functional group 229:262 an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates 229:295 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25594534 3 22 dep % 490:490 arg1 yield 500:504 overall yield 492:504 51-96% overall yield 485:504 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 4 23 theme excellent 672:680 arg1 stability 682:690 excellent stability 672:690 excellent stability toward hydrolytic cleavage 672:717 Moreover, the linkers can be conjugated to glycans in excellent yield and they show excellent stability toward hydrolytic cleavage. 25594534 3 24 dep rapid 452:456 arg1 strategy 415:422 The strategy 411:422 The strategy for the linker synthesis 411:447 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 3 24 dep rapid 452:456 arg1 rapid 452:456 rapid 452:456 rapid 452:456 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 3 24 dep rapid 452:456 arg1 steps 463:467 3-4 steps 459:467 3-4 steps 459:467 The strategy for the linker synthesis is rapid (3-4 steps) and efficient (51-96% overall yield), and many of the linkers can be synthesized using a three-step one-pot strategy. 25594534 4 25 theme excellent 642:650 arg1 yield 652:656 excellent yield 642:656 excellent yield 642:656 Moreover, the linkers can be conjugated to glycans in excellent yield and they show excellent stability toward hydrolytic cleavage. 25594534 1 26 theme number 132:137 arg1 synthesis 117:125 The synthesis 113:125 The synthesis of a number of N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers 113:193 The synthesis of a number of N-glycosyl-N-alkyl-methoxyamine bifunctional linkers is described. 25594534 2 27 theme carboxylic 354:363 arg1 acid 365:368 carboxylic acid 354:368 carboxylic acid 354:368 The linkers contain an N-methoxyamine functional group for conjugation to carbohydrates and a terminal group, such as an amine, azide, thiol, or carboxylic acid, for conjugation to the probe of choice. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg1 glycoforms-A 359:370 four distinct glycoforms-A 345:370 four distinct glycoforms-A 345:370 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg1 S-that 382:387 S-that 382:387 S-that 382:387 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg1 C 373:373 C 373:373 C 373:373 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg2 Gd 330:331 Gd 330:331 Gd 330:331 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg1 females 311:317 females 311:317 females 311:317 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg1 F 376:376 F 376:376 F 376:376 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 0 located found 336:340 arg1 males 323:327 males 323:327 males 323:327 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 6 1 theme cellular 1217:1224 arg1 receptors 1226:1234 cellular receptors 1217:1234 cellular receptors 1217:1234 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 25422905 5 2 dep appears 1003:1009 arg1 suited 1019:1024 suited 1019:1024 appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans 1003:1079 Instead, this lipocalin exhibits a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans. 25422905 5 3 theme glycans 1073:1079 arg1 presentation 1048:1059 the presentation 1044:1059 the presentation of specific glycans 1044:1079 Instead, this lipocalin exhibits a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans. 25422905 3 4 theme non-glycosylated 575:590 arg1 protein 592:598 a non-glycosylated protein 573:598 a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli 573:618 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 3 4 theme non-glycosylated 575:590 arg1 Gd 505:506 Gd 505:506 Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) 505:568 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 7 5 with lipocalin 1428:1436 arg1 role 1447:1450 its role 1443:1450 its role in fertility 1443:1463 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 4 6 theme low 885:887 arg1 affinity 889:896 its low affinity 881:896 its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands 881:920 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 4 7 theme central 832:838 arg1 pocket 840:845 a pronounced central pocket 819:845 a pronounced central pocket 819:845 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 5 8 theme homodimeric 965:975 arg1 structure 988:996 a unique homodimeric quaternary structure 956:996 a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans 956:1079 Instead, this lipocalin exhibits a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans. 25422905 3 9 theme periplasmic 624:634 arg1 secretion 636:644 periplasmic secretion 624:644 periplasmic secretion 624:644 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 1 10 theme crucial 237:243 arg1 processes 256:264 crucial biological processes 237:264 crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction 237:305 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 10 theme crucial 237:243 arg1 reproduction 274:285 reproduction 274:285 reproduction 274:285 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 10 theme crucial 237:243 arg1 reaction 298:305 immune reaction 291:305 immune reaction 291:305 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 0 11 theme protein 84:90 arg1 scaffold 92:99 a protein scaffold 82:99 a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans 82:139 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 4 12 theme pronounced 821:830 arg1 pocket 840:845 a pronounced central pocket 819:845 a pronounced central pocket 819:845 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 1 13 theme biological 245:254 arg1 processes 256:264 crucial biological processes 237:264 crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction 237:305 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 13 theme biological 245:254 arg1 reproduction 274:285 reproduction 274:285 reproduction 274:285 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 13 theme biological 245:254 arg1 reaction 298:305 immune reaction 291:305 immune reaction 291:305 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 3 14 from protein 592:598 arg1 coli 615:618 Escherichia coli 603:618 Escherichia coli 603:618 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 1 15 gly glycoprotein 179:190 arg1 glycoprotein 179:190 an abundant glycoprotein 167:190 an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family 167:216 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 15 gly glycoprotein 179:190 arg1 glycodelin 148:157 Human glycodelin 142:157 Human glycodelin (Gd) 142:162 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 4 16 theme lipocalin 726:734 arg1 compact 801:807 compact 801:807 compact 801:807 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 4 16 theme lipocalin 726:734 arg1 fold 736:739 a classical lipocalin fold 714:739 a classical lipocalin fold 714:739 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 4 17 with line 871:874 arg1 affinity 889:896 its low affinity 881:896 its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands 881:920 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 2 18 theme different 400:408 arg1 chains 440:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains 400:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 400:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 3 19 theme X-ray 665:669 arg1 structure 671:679 its X-ray structure 661:679 its X-ray structure 661:679 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 2 20 link N-linked 410:417 arg1 chains 440:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains 400:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 400:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 4 21 theme classical 716:724 arg1 compact 801:807 compact 801:807 compact 801:807 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 4 21 theme classical 716:724 arg1 fold 736:739 a classical lipocalin fold 714:739 a classical lipocalin fold 714:739 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 2 22 theme distinct 350:357 arg1 glycoforms-A 359:370 four distinct glycoforms-A 345:370 four distinct glycoforms-A 345:370 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 0 23 theme dimeric 4:10 arg1 structure 20:28 The dimeric crystal structure 0:28 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 0:72 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 7 24 from role 1447:1450 arg1 fertility 1455:1463 fertility 1455:1463 fertility 1455:1463 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 6 25 theme surface 1180:1186 arg1 side 1162:1165 the same side 1153:1165 the same side of the dimer surface 1153:1186 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 25422905 0 26 theme glycodelin 63:72 arg1 structure 20:28 The dimeric crystal structure 0:28 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 0:72 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 3 27 gly non-glycosylated 575:590 arg1 protein 592:598 a non-glycosylated protein 573:598 a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli 573:618 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 3 27 gly non-glycosylated 575:590 arg1 Gd 505:506 Gd 505:506 Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) 505:568 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 6 28 theme dimer 1174:1178 arg1 surface 1180:1186 the dimer surface 1170:1186 the dimer surface 1170:1186 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 25422905 7 29 theme Gd 1312:1313 arg1 orthologues 1315:1325 Gd orthologues 1312:1325 Gd orthologues 1312:1325 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 4 30 theme disulfide 755:763 arg1 bridges 765:771 two disulfide bridges 751:771 two disulfide bridges 751:771 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 5 31 theme quaternary 977:986 arg1 structure 988:996 a unique homodimeric quaternary structure 956:996 a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans 956:1079 Instead, this lipocalin exhibits a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans. 25422905 1 32 theme abundant 170:177 arg1 glycoprotein 179:190 an abundant glycoprotein 167:190 an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family 167:216 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 32 theme abundant 170:177 arg1 glycodelin 148:157 Human glycodelin 142:157 Human glycodelin (Gd) 142:162 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 0 33 theme crystal 12:18 arg1 structure 20:28 The dimeric crystal structure 0:28 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 0:72 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 3 34 theme Å 689:689 arg1 resolution 691:700 2.45 Å resolution 684:700 2.45 Å resolution 684:700 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 2 35 dep residues 461:468 arg1 Asn28 470:474 Asn28 470:474 Asn28 470:474 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 35 dep residues 461:468 arg1 residues 461:468 amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 450:484 amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 450:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 35 dep residues 461:468 arg1 Asn63 480:484 Asn63 480:484 Asn63 480:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 7 36 theme certain 1348:1354 arg1 suborders 1356:1364 certain suborders 1348:1364 certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle 1348:1404 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 2 37 theme N-linked 410:417 arg1 chains 440:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains 400:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 400:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 38 theme side 435:438 arg1 chains 440:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains 400:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 400:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 3 39 contain carrying 509:516 arg1 protein 592:598 a non-glycosylated protein 573:598 a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli 573:618 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 3 39 contain carrying 509:516 arg1 Gd 505:506 Gd 505:506 Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) 505:568 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 3 39 contain carrying 509:516 arg2 substitutions 533:545 two amino acid substitutions 518:545 two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility 518:567 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 0 40 theme glycans 133:139 arg1 presentation 109:120 the presentation 105:120 the presentation of complex glycans 105:139 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 2 41 theme oligosaccharide 419:433 arg1 chains 440:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains 400:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 400:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 0 42 theme complex 125:131 arg1 glycans 133:139 complex glycans 125:139 complex glycans 125:139 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 5 43 theme unique 958:963 arg1 structure 988:996 a unique homodimeric quaternary structure 956:996 a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans 956:1079 Instead, this lipocalin exhibits a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans. 25422905 0 44 theme fertility 43:51 arg1 glycodelin 63:72 the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 33:72 the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 33:72 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 1 45 theme immune 291:296 arg1 reaction 298:305 immune reaction 291:305 immune reaction 291:305 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 7 46 theme bioinformatic 1274:1286 arg1 analysis 1288:1295 A bioinformatic analysis 1272:1295 A bioinformatic analysis 1272:1295 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 0 47 theme lipocalin 53:61 arg1 glycodelin 63:72 the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 33:72 the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 33:72 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 3 48 theme amino 522:526 arg1 substitutions 533:545 two amino acid substitutions 518:545 two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility 518:567 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 7 49 theme menstrual 1390:1398 arg1 cycle 1400:1404 a menstrual cycle 1388:1404 a menstrual cycle 1388:1404 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 0 50 theme human 37:41 arg1 glycodelin 63:72 the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 33:72 the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin 33:72 The dimeric crystal structure of the human fertility lipocalin glycodelin reveals a protein scaffold for the presentation of complex glycans. 25422905 3 51 theme acid 528:531 arg1 substitutions 533:545 two amino acid substitutions 518:545 two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility 518:567 We have expressed Gd (carrying two amino acid substitutions to improve solubility) as a non-glycosylated protein in Escherichia coli via periplasmic secretion and determined its X-ray structure at 2.45 Å resolution. 25422905 6 52 theme same 1157:1160 arg1 side 1162:1165 the same side 1153:1165 the same side of the dimer surface 1153:1186 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 25422905 7 53 contain have 1383:1386 arg2 cycle 1400:1404 a menstrual cycle 1388:1404 a menstrual cycle 1388:1404 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 7 53 contain have 1383:1386 arg1 primates 1369:1376 primates 1369:1376 primates that have a menstrual cycle 1369:1404 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 2 54 from residues 461:468 arg1 chains 440:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains 400:445 different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 400:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 7 55 theme primates 1369:1376 arg1 suborders 1356:1364 certain suborders 1348:1364 certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle 1348:1404 A bioinformatic analysis indicated that Gd orthologues exclusively occur in certain suborders of primates that have a menstrual cycle, suggesting that this lipocalin with its role in fertility only recently emerged during evolution. 25422905 6 56 theme sperm-egg 1249:1257 arg1 recognition 1259:1269 sperm-egg recognition 1249:1269 sperm-egg recognition 1249:1269 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 25422905 1 57 theme lipocalin 201:209 arg1 family 211:216 the lipocalin family 197:216 the lipocalin family 197:216 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 58 from family 211:216 arg1 glycoprotein 179:190 an abundant glycoprotein 167:190 an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family 167:216 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 58 from family 211:216 arg1 glycodelin 148:157 Human glycodelin 142:157 Human glycodelin (Gd) 142:162 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 2 59 theme acid 456:459 arg1 Asn28 470:474 Asn28 470:474 Asn28 470:474 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 59 theme acid 456:459 arg1 residues 461:468 amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 450:484 amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 450:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 59 theme acid 456:459 arg1 Asn63 480:484 Asn63 480:484 Asn63 480:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 60 dep glycoforms-A 359:370 arg1 arise 389:393 arise 389:393 arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 389:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 4 61 theme hydrophobic 902:912 arg1 ligands 914:920 hydrophobic ligands 902:920 hydrophobic ligands 902:920 Gd reveals a classical lipocalin fold including two disulfide bridges, which is however unusually compact and lacks a pronounced central pocket inside the β-barrel, in line with its low affinity for hydrophobic ligands. 25422905 2 62 theme amino 450:454 arg1 Asn28 470:474 Asn28 470:474 Asn28 470:474 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 62 theme amino 450:454 arg1 residues 461:468 amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 450:484 amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63 450:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 2 62 theme amino 450:454 arg1 Asn63 480:484 Asn63 480:484 Asn63 480:484 In females and males, Gd is found in four distinct glycoforms-A, C, F and S-that arise from different N-linked oligosaccharide side chains at amino acid residues Asn28 and Asn63. 25422905 5 63 theme specific 1064:1071 arg1 glycans 1073:1079 specific glycans 1064:1079 specific glycans 1064:1079 Instead, this lipocalin exhibits a unique homodimeric quaternary structure that appears ideally suited as a scaffold for the presentation of specific glycans. 25422905 6 64 theme close 1134:1138 arg1 proximity 1140:1148 close proximity 1134:1148 close proximity 1134:1148 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 25422905 1 65 theme Human 142:146 arg1 glycoprotein 179:190 an abundant glycoprotein 167:190 an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family 167:216 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 65 theme Human 142:146 arg1 Gd 160:161 Gd 160:161 Gd 160:161 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 1 65 theme Human 142:146 arg1 glycodelin 148:157 Human glycodelin 142:157 Human glycodelin (Gd) 142:162 Human glycodelin (Gd) is an abundant glycoprotein from the lipocalin family and is involved in crucial biological processes such as reproduction and immune reaction. 25422905 6 66 from proximity 1140:1148 arg1 side 1162:1165 the same side 1153:1165 the same side of the dimer surface 1153:1186 In fact, the four oligosaccharides are presented in close proximity on the same side of the dimer surface, which increases avidity for cellular receptors, e.g. during sperm-egg recognition. 24980207 5 0 theme glycosylation 751:763 arg1 result 732:737 a result 730:737 a result of its high glycosylation 730:763 The enzyme is stable with respect to a wide pH range, temperature, chemical denaturants and organic solvents, probably as a result of its high glycosylation. 24980207 5 1 theme pH 652:653 arg1 range 655:659 a wide pH range 645:659 a wide pH range 645:659 The enzyme is stable with respect to a wide pH range, temperature, chemical denaturants and organic solvents, probably as a result of its high glycosylation. 24980207 0 2 theme peroxidase 84:93 arg1 pattern 59:65 extended glycosylation pattern 36:65 extended glycosylation pattern 36:65 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 0 2 theme peroxidase 84:93 arg1 modification 19:30 Post-translational modification 0:30 Post-translational modification 0:30 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 8 3 theme Data 1062:1065 arg1 Bank 1067:1070 the Protein Data Bank 1050:1070 the Protein Data Bank 1050:1070 DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 4CUO. 24980207 2 4 theme acid 382:385 arg1 residues 387:394 306 amino acid residues 372:394 306 amino acid residues 372:394 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 2 4 theme acid 382:385 arg1 heme 399:402 a heme 397:402 a heme 397:402 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 2 4 theme acid 382:385 arg1 ions 420:423 two calcium ions 408:423 two calcium ions 408:423 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 4 5 theme N-linked 552:559 arg1 glycans 561:567 N-linked glycans 552:567 N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues 552:605 Extensive glycosylation was observed with N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues. 24980207 4 6 theme asparagine 587:596 arg1 residues 598:605 seven asparagine residues 581:605 seven asparagine residues 581:605 Extensive glycosylation was observed with N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues. 24980207 0 7 theme source 105:110 arg1 peroxidase 84:93 a plant latex peroxidase 70:93 a plant latex peroxidase of native source 70:110 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 4 8 theme Extensive 510:518 arg1 glycosylation 520:532 Extensive glycosylation 510:532 Extensive glycosylation 510:532 Extensive glycosylation was observed with N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues. 24980207 8 9 theme accession 1078:1086 arg1 number 1088:1093 accession number 4CUO 1078:1098 accession number 4CUO 1078:1098 DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 4CUO. 24980207 8 10 theme structure 1009:1017 arg1 factors 1019:1025 structure factors 1009:1025 structure factors 1009:1025 DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 4CUO. 24980207 1 11 theme Å 276:276 arg1 resolution 278:287 1.67 Å resolution 271:287 1.67 Å resolution 271:287 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 0 12 theme native 98:103 arg1 source 105:110 native source 98:110 native source 98:110 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 4 13 link N-linked 552:559 arg1 glycans 561:567 N-linked glycans 552:567 N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues 552:605 Extensive glycosylation was observed with N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues. 24980207 6 14 theme Asp290 815:820 arg1 moiety 852:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 6 14 theme Asp290 815:820 arg1 modification 799:810 An unexpected post-translational modification 766:810 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 766:820 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 4 15 attach attached 569:576 arg2 glycans 561:567 N-linked glycans 552:567 N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues 552:605 Extensive glycosylation was observed with N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues. 24980207 4 15 attach attached 569:576 arg1 residues 598:605 seven asparagine residues 581:605 seven asparagine residues 581:605 Extensive glycosylation was observed with N-linked glycans attached to seven asparagine residues. 24980207 7 16 theme banyan 882:887 arg1 peroxidase 889:898 banyan peroxidase 882:898 banyan peroxidase 882:898 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 1 17 theme banyan 188:193 arg1 peroxidase 195:204 banyan peroxidase 188:204 banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis 188:250 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 7 18 theme hydrogen 965:972 arg1 peroxide 974:981 hydrogen peroxide 965:981 hydrogen peroxide 965:981 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 7 19 theme Kinetic 860:866 arg1 parameters 868:877 Kinetic parameters 860:877 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase 860:898 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 1 20 theme peroxidase 195:204 arg1 structure 175:183 The crystal structure 163:183 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis 152:250 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 6 21 theme post-translational 780:797 arg1 moiety 852:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 6 21 theme post-translational 780:797 arg1 modification 799:810 An unexpected post-translational modification 766:810 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 766:820 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 2 22 theme refined 345:351 arg1 structure 353:361 The refined structure 341:361 The refined structure 341:361 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 0 23 theme Post-translational 0:17 arg1 modification 19:30 Post-translational modification 0:30 Post-translational modification 0:30 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 5 24 theme wide 647:650 arg1 range 655:659 a wide pH range 645:659 a wide pH range 645:659 The enzyme is stable with respect to a wide pH range, temperature, chemical denaturants and organic solvents, probably as a result of its high glycosylation. 24980207 6 25 theme unexpected 769:778 arg1 moiety 852:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 6 25 theme unexpected 769:778 arg1 modification 799:810 An unexpected post-translational modification 766:810 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 766:820 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 8 26 theme Protein 1054:1060 arg1 Bank 1067:1070 the Protein Data Bank 1050:1070 the Protein Data Bank 1050:1070 DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 4CUO. 24980207 0 27 theme extended 36:43 arg1 pattern 59:65 extended glycosylation pattern 36:65 extended glycosylation pattern 36:65 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 1 28 theme single-wavelength 292:308 arg1 phasing 332:338 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing 292:338 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing 292:338 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 5 29 theme organic 700:706 arg1 solvents 708:715 organic solvents 700:715 organic solvents 700:715 The enzyme is stable with respect to a wide pH range, temperature, chemical denaturants and organic solvents, probably as a result of its high glycosylation. 24980207 1 30 theme anomalous 310:318 arg1 phasing 332:338 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing 292:338 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing 292:338 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 0 31 theme X-ray 129:133 arg1 crystallography 135:149 X-ray crystallography 129:149 X-ray crystallography 129:149 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 1 32 theme diffraction 320:330 arg1 phasing 332:338 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing 292:338 single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing 292:338 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 7 33 theme peroxidase 889:898 arg1 parameters 868:877 Kinetic parameters 860:877 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase 860:898 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 0 34 theme glycosylation 45:57 arg1 pattern 59:65 extended glycosylation pattern 36:65 extended glycosylation pattern 36:65 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 3 35 theme class 449:453 arg1 peroxidases 459:469 class III peroxidases 449:469 class III peroxidases 449:469 The protein belongs to class III peroxidases and is the first one from plant latex. 24980207 2 36 theme amino 376:380 arg1 residues 387:394 306 amino acid residues 372:394 306 amino acid residues 372:394 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 2 36 theme amino 376:380 arg1 heme 399:402 a heme 397:402 a heme 397:402 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 2 36 theme amino 376:380 arg1 ions 420:423 two calcium ions 408:423 two calcium ions 408:423 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 2 37 theme calcium 412:418 arg1 residues 387:394 306 amino acid residues 372:394 306 amino acid residues 372:394 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 2 37 theme calcium 412:418 arg1 ions 420:423 two calcium ions 408:423 two calcium ions 408:423 The refined structure includes 306 amino acid residues, a heme and two calcium ions. 24980207 5 38 theme chemical 675:682 arg1 denaturants 684:694 chemical denaturants 675:694 chemical denaturants 675:694 The enzyme is stable with respect to a wide pH range, temperature, chemical denaturants and organic solvents, probably as a result of its high glycosylation. 24980207 3 39 theme plant 497:501 arg1 latex 503:507 plant latex 497:507 plant latex 497:507 The protein belongs to class III peroxidases and is the first one from plant latex. 24980207 7 40 theme hydrogen 935:942 arg1 substrates 950:959 various hydrogen donor substrates 927:959 various hydrogen donor substrates 927:959 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 0 41 gly glycosylation 45:57 arg1 peroxidase 84:93 a plant latex peroxidase 70:93 a plant latex peroxidase of native source 70:110 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 5 42 theme high 746:749 arg1 glycosylation 751:763 its high glycosylation 742:763 its high glycosylation 742:763 The enzyme is stable with respect to a wide pH range, temperature, chemical denaturants and organic solvents, probably as a result of its high glycosylation. 24980207 7 43 theme donor 944:948 arg1 substrates 950:959 various hydrogen donor substrates 927:959 various hydrogen donor substrates 927:959 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 1 44 theme benghalensis 239:250 arg1 latex 224:228 the latex 220:228 the latex of Ficus benghalensis 220:250 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 6 45 theme succinimide 840:850 arg1 moiety 852:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 succinimide moiety 840:857 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 6 45 theme succinimide 840:850 arg1 modification 799:810 An unexpected post-translational modification 766:810 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 766:820 An unexpected post-translational modification of Asp290 was identified as succinimide moiety. 24980207 8 46 theme DATABASE 984:991 arg1 Coordinates 993:1003 DATABASE Coordinates 984:1003 DATABASE Coordinates 984:1003 DATABASE Coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession number 4CUO. 24980207 1 47 theme UNLABELLED 152:161 arg1 structure 175:183 The crystal structure 163:183 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis 152:250 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 24980207 0 48 theme latex 78:82 arg1 peroxidase 84:93 a plant latex peroxidase 70:93 a plant latex peroxidase of native source 70:110 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 7 49 theme various 927:933 arg1 substrates 950:959 various hydrogen donor substrates 927:959 various hydrogen donor substrates 927:959 Kinetic parameters of banyan peroxidase have been determined using various hydrogen donor substrates and hydrogen peroxide. 24980207 0 50 theme plant 72:76 arg1 peroxidase 84:93 a plant latex peroxidase 70:93 a plant latex peroxidase of native source 70:110 Post-translational modification and extended glycosylation pattern of a plant latex peroxidase of native source characterized by X-ray crystallography. 24980207 1 51 theme crystal 167:173 arg1 structure 175:183 The crystal structure 163:183 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis 152:250 UNLABELLED The crystal structure of banyan peroxidase purified from the latex of Ficus benghalensis has been solved at 1.67 Å resolution by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing. 26934919 7 0 theme O-PS 1058:1061 arg1 transport 1063:1071 O-PS transport 1058:1071 O-PS transport 1058:1071 Removal of the CBM abrogated O-PS transport, but export was restored when the CBM was expressed in trans with the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter. 26934919 7 1 theme ABC 1164:1166 arg1 transporter 1168:1178 the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter 1139:1178 the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter 1139:1178 Removal of the CBM abrogated O-PS transport, but export was restored when the CBM was expressed in trans with the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter. 26934919 1 2 theme Escherichia 158:168 arg1 O9a 184:186 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a 154:186 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) 154:221 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 8 3 theme structures 1338:1347 arg1 glycans 1310:1316 glycans 1310:1316 glycans of widely differing structures 1310:1347 These results demonstrate that the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism is evolutionarily conserved and can operate with glycans of widely differing structures. 26934919 1 4 theme ABC 257:259 arg1 transporter 262:272 an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 232:272 an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 232:272 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 5 5 theme ABC 712:714 arg1 transporter 716:726 The O12 ABC transporter 704:726 The O12 ABC transporter 704:726 The O12 ABC transporter also binds its cognate O-PS via a CBM, and export is dependent on the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue. 26934919 7 6 theme CBM 1044:1046 arg1 Removal 1029:1035 Removal 1029:1035 Removal of the CBM 1029:1046 Removal of the CBM abrogated O-PS transport, but export was restored when the CBM was expressed in trans with the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter. 26934919 3 7 from process 493:499 arg1 O12 535:537 Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 504:537 Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 504:537 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 3 7 from process 493:499 arg1 ATCC 565:568 Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 544:574 Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 544:574 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 3 8 dep Klebsiella 504:513 arg1 pneumoniae 515:524 pneumoniae 515:524 pneumoniae 515:524 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 6 9 theme weak 938:941 arg1 similarity 952:961 only weak sequence similarity 933:961 only weak sequence similarity 933:961 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 0 10 theme Terminal 84:91 arg1 Substrate 133:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 0 10 theme Terminal 84:91 arg1 Residue 93:99 the Terminal Residue 80:99 the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 80:141 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 6 11 theme structural 850:859 arg1 architecture 861:872 The overall structural architecture 838:872 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM 838:887 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 4 12 theme 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic 653:682 arg1 Kdo 690:692 Kdo 690:692 Kdo 690:692 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 4 12 theme 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic 653:682 arg1 acid 684:687 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid 653:687 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 5 13 theme terminal 814:821 arg1 residue 829:835 the terminal β-Kdo residue 810:835 the terminal β-Kdo residue 810:835 The O12 ABC transporter also binds its cognate O-PS via a CBM, and export is dependent on the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue. 26934919 6 14 theme overall 842:848 arg1 architecture 861:872 The overall structural architecture 838:872 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM 838:887 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 3 15 theme serotype 526:533 arg1 O12 535:537 Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 504:537 Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 504:537 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 1 16 theme serotype 175:182 arg1 O9a 184:186 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a 154:186 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) 154:221 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 2 17 theme domain 441:446 arg1 terminus 406:413 the C terminus 400:413 the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter 400:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 3 18 theme Klebsiella 504:513 arg1 O12 535:537 Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 504:537 Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 504:537 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 3 19 theme terrigena 555:563 arg1 ATCC 565:568 Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 544:574 Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 544:574 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 1 20 theme O9a 184:186 arg1 O-PS 217:220 O-PS 217:220 O-PS 217:220 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 1 20 theme O9a 184:186 arg1 polysaccharides 200:214 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides 154:214 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) 154:221 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 2 21 theme nucleotide-binding 422:439 arg1 domain 441:446 the nucleotide-binding domain 418:446 the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter 418:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 2 21 theme nucleotide-binding 422:439 arg1 transporter 455:465 the transporter 451:465 the transporter 451:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 1 22 dep Escherichia 158:168 arg1 coli 170:173 coli 170:173 coli 170:173 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 1 23 theme O-antigenic 188:198 arg1 O-PS 217:220 O-PS 217:220 O-PS 217:220 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 1 23 theme O-antigenic 188:198 arg1 polysaccharides 200:214 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides 154:214 the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) 154:221 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 0 24 theme O12 26:28 arg1 Transporter 57:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 0 25 theme Polysaccharide 118:131 arg1 Substrate 133:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 2 26 theme non-reducing 298:309 arg1 residue 320:326 a non-reducing terminal residue 296:326 a non-reducing terminal residue 296:326 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 1 27 theme polysaccharides 200:214 arg1 Export 144:149 Export 144:149 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) 144:221 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 2 28 theme terminal 311:318 arg1 residue 320:326 a non-reducing terminal residue 296:326 a non-reducing terminal residue 296:326 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 0 29 theme O-antigen 108:116 arg1 Substrate 133:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 3 30 theme Raoultella 544:553 arg1 ATCC 565:568 Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 544:574 Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257 544:574 Here, we investigate the process in Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O12 (and Raoultella terrigena ATCC 33257). 26934919 2 31 theme C 404:404 arg1 terminus 406:413 the C terminus 400:413 the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter 400:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 0 32 theme Cassette 42:49 arg1 Transporter 57:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 5 33 theme O12 708:710 arg1 transporter 716:726 The O12 ABC transporter 704:726 The O12 ABC transporter 704:726 The O12 ABC transporter also binds its cognate O-PS via a CBM, and export is dependent on the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue. 26934919 4 34 theme β-linked 644:651 arg1 residue 695:701 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 2 35 theme transporter 455:465 arg1 domain 441:446 the nucleotide-binding domain 418:446 the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter 418:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 2 35 theme transporter 455:465 arg1 transporter 455:465 the transporter 451:465 the transporter 451:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 0 36 theme ATP-binding 30:40 arg1 Transporter 57:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 6 37 theme sequence 943:950 arg1 similarity 952:961 only weak sequence similarity 933:961 only weak sequence similarity 933:961 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 4 38 link β-linked 644:651 arg1 residue 695:701 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 4 39 theme non-reducing 622:633 arg1 end 635:637 the non-reducing end 618:637 the non-reducing end 618:637 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 0 40 theme ABC 52:54 arg1 Transporter 57:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 5 41 theme residue 829:835 arg1 presence 798:805 the presence 794:805 the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue 794:835 The O12 ABC transporter also binds its cognate O-PS via a CBM, and export is dependent on the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue. 26934919 8 42 theme differing 1328:1336 arg1 structures 1338:1347 widely differing structures 1321:1347 widely differing structures 1321:1347 These results demonstrate that the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism is evolutionarily conserved and can operate with glycans of widely differing structures. 26934919 7 43 theme CBM-deficient 1150:1162 arg1 transporter 1168:1178 the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter 1139:1178 the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter 1139:1178 Removal of the CBM abrogated O-PS transport, but export was restored when the CBM was expressed in trans with the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter. 26934919 8 44 theme substrate-recognition 1229:1249 arg1 mechanism 1251:1259 the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism 1212:1259 the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism 1212:1259 These results demonstrate that the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism is evolutionarily conserved and can operate with glycans of widely differing structures. 26934919 0 45 theme Substrate 133:141 arg1 Substrate 133:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 104:141 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 0 45 theme Substrate 133:141 arg1 Residue 93:99 the Terminal Residue 80:99 the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate 80:141 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 8 46 theme CBM-mediated 1216:1227 arg1 mechanism 1251:1259 the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism 1212:1259 the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism 1212:1259 These results demonstrate that the CBM-mediated substrate-recognition mechanism is evolutionarily conserved and can operate with glycans of widely differing structures. 26934919 4 47 theme acid 684:687 arg1 residue 695:701 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue 642:701 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 6 48 theme putative 972:979 arg1 pocket 989:994 the putative binding pocket 968:994 the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan 968:1013 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 6 48 theme putative 972:979 arg1 different 1018:1026 different 1018:1026 different 1018:1026 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 6 49 theme O12 1004:1006 arg1 glycan 1008:1013 the O12 glycan 1000:1013 the O12 glycan 1000:1013 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 2 50 theme carbohydrate-binding 354:373 arg1 CBM 383:385 CBM 383:385 CBM 383:385 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 2 50 theme carbohydrate-binding 354:373 arg1 module 375:380 a carbohydrate-binding module 352:380 a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter 352:465 The process requires a non-reducing terminal residue, which is recognized by a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) appended to the C terminus of the nucleotide-binding domain of the transporter. 26934919 4 51 theme O12 582:584 arg1 polysaccharide 586:599 The O12 polysaccharide 578:599 The O12 polysaccharide 578:599 The O12 polysaccharide is terminated at the non-reducing end by a β-linked 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue. 26934919 7 52 theme mutant 1143:1148 arg1 transporter 1168:1178 the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter 1139:1178 the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter 1139:1178 Removal of the CBM abrogated O-PS transport, but export was restored when the CBM was expressed in trans with the mutant CBM-deficient ABC transporter. 26934919 6 53 theme binding 981:987 arg1 pocket 989:994 the putative binding pocket 968:994 the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan 968:1013 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 6 53 theme binding 981:987 arg1 different 1018:1026 different 1018:1026 different 1018:1026 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 0 54 dep Klebsiella 4:13 arg1 pneumoniae 15:24 pneumoniae 15:24 pneumoniae 15:24 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 5 55 theme β-Kdo 823:827 arg1 residue 829:835 the terminal β-Kdo residue 810:835 the terminal β-Kdo residue 810:835 The O12 ABC transporter also binds its cognate O-PS via a CBM, and export is dependent on the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue. 26934919 1 56 theme ATP-binding 235:245 arg1 transporter 262:272 an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 232:272 an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 232:272 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 26934919 5 57 theme cognate 743:749 arg1 O-PS 751:754 its cognate O-PS 739:754 its cognate O-PS 739:754 The O12 ABC transporter also binds its cognate O-PS via a CBM, and export is dependent on the presence of the terminal β-Kdo residue. 26934919 6 58 theme CBM 885:887 arg1 architecture 861:872 The overall structural architecture 838:872 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM 838:887 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 0 59 theme Klebsiella 4:13 arg1 Transporter 57:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter 0:67 The Klebsiella pneumoniae O12 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Recognizes the Terminal Residue of Its O-antigen Polysaccharide Substrate. 26934919 6 60 theme O9a 903:905 arg1 prototype 907:915 the O9a prototype 899:915 the O9a prototype 899:915 The overall structural architecture of the O12 CBM resembles the O9a prototype, but they share only weak sequence similarity, and the putative binding pocket for the O12 glycan is different. 26934919 1 61 theme cassette 247:254 arg1 transporter 262:272 an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 232:272 an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter 232:272 Export of the Escherichia coli serotype O9a O-antigenic polysaccharides (O-PS) involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. 28860654 0 0 theme N-glycosylation 99:113 arg1 pathway 115:121 the N-glycosylation pathway 95:121 the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 95:150 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 7 1 theme Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 1277:1291 arg1 precursor 1316:1324 a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor 1275:1324 a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor 1275:1324 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 3 2 theme diatom 770:775 arg1 tricornutum 791:801 the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum 766:801 the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum 766:801 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 7 3 theme dolichol 1293:1300 arg1 precursor 1316:1324 a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor 1275:1324 a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor 1275:1324 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 1 4 theme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 206:236 arg1 dependent 193:201 dependent 193:201 dependent 193:201 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 6 5 theme Mass 978:981 arg1 analyses 996:1003 Mass spectrometry analyses 978:1003 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing 978:1035 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 3 6 theme Phaeodactylum 777:789 arg1 tricornutum 791:801 the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum 766:801 the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum 766:801 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 4 7 theme GnTI 857:860 arg1 cells 874:878 the GnTI transformed cells 853:878 the GnTI transformed cells 853:878 No modification of the N-glycans was observed in the GnTI transformed cells. 28860654 6 8 theme branched 1113:1120 arg1 structure 1122:1130 the branched structure 1109:1130 linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes 1079:1158 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 0 9 theme pathway 115:121 arg1 reinvestigation 76:90 a reinvestigation 74:90 a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 74:150 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 6 10 theme reinhardtii 1052:1062 arg1 proteins 1064:1071 C. reinhardtii proteins 1049:1071 C. reinhardtii proteins 1049:1071 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 1 11 theme complex-type 311:322 arg1 N-glycans 324:332 complex-type N-glycans 311:332 complex-type N-glycans 311:332 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 9 12 theme altered 1480:1486 arg1 phenotype 1488:1496 an altered phenotype 1477:1496 an altered phenotype 1477:1496 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 9 13 theme responses 1619:1627 arg1 activation 1598:1607 the activation 1594:1607 the activation of stress responses 1594:1627 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 2 14 link N-linked 436:443 arg1 glycans 428:434 glycans 428:434 glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins 428:481 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 8 15 theme linear 1381:1386 arg1 substrate 1412:1420 substrate 1412:1420 substrate for GnTI 1412:1429 We propose that this precursor is then trimmed into a linear Man5GlcNAc2 that is not substrate for GnTI. 28860654 8 15 theme linear 1381:1386 arg1 Man5GlcNAc2 1388:1398 a linear Man5GlcNAc2 1379:1398 a linear Man5GlcNAc2 that is not substrate for GnTI 1379:1429 We propose that this precursor is then trimmed into a linear Man5GlcNAc2 that is not substrate for GnTI. 28860654 3 16 with complementation 632:646 arg1 GnTI 684:687 heterologous GnTI 671:687 heterologous GnTI 671:687 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 2 17 theme reinhardtii 462:472 arg1 proteins 474:481 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins 448:481 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins 448:481 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 2 18 theme oligomannosides 533:547 arg1 processing 519:528 a GnTI-independent Golgi processing 494:528 a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s) 494:623 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 6 19 theme spectrometry 983:994 arg1 analyses 996:1003 Mass spectrometry analyses 978:1003 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing 978:1035 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 9 20 theme large 1503:1507 arg1 vacuoles 1509:1516 large vacuoles 1503:1516 large vacuoles 1503:1516 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 2 21 theme Chlamydomonas 448:460 arg1 proteins 474:481 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins 448:481 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins 448:481 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 0 22 theme Heterologous 0:11 arg1 expression 13:22 Heterologous expression 0:22 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 0:63 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 1 23 theme N-glycans 324:332 arg1 formation 298:306 the formation 294:306 the formation of complex-type N-glycans 294:332 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 9 24 theme production 1535:1544 arg1 accumulation 1550:1561 accumulation 1550:1561 accumulation of starch granules 1550:1580 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 9 24 theme production 1535:1544 arg1 increase 1519:1526 increase 1519:1526 increase of ROS production 1519:1544 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 4 25 theme N-glycans 827:835 arg1 modification 807:818 No modification 804:818 No modification of the N-glycans 804:835 No modification of the N-glycans was observed in the GnTI transformed cells. 28860654 7 26 theme oligosaccharide 1208:1222 arg1 precursor 1224:1232 the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1191:1232 the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1191:1232 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 6 27 located found 1140:1144 arg1 eukaryotes 1149:1158 eukaryotes 1149:1158 eukaryotes 1149:1158 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 6 27 located found 1140:1144 arg2 structure 1122:1130 the branched structure 1109:1130 linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes 1079:1158 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 2 28 theme GnTI-independent 496:511 arg1 processing 519:528 a GnTI-independent Golgi processing 494:528 a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s) 494:623 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 2 29 theme Golgi 513:517 arg1 processing 519:528 a GnTI-independent Golgi processing 494:528 a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s) 494:623 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 7 30 theme precursor 1224:1232 arg1 characterization 1171:1186 characterization 1171:1186 characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1171:1232 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 3 31 theme cDNAs 728:732 arg1 expression 709:718 expression 709:718 expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum 709:801 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 0 32 theme I 63:63 arg1 expression 13:22 Heterologous expression 0:22 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 0:63 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 6 33 theme linear 1079:1084 arg1 Man5GlcNAc2 1086:1096 linear Man5GlcNAc2 1079:1096 linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes 1079:1158 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 3 34 theme heterologous 671:682 arg1 GnTI 684:687 heterologous GnTI 671:687 heterologous GnTI 671:687 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 1 35 theme key 250:252 arg1 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 206:236 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 206:238 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI) 206:245 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 1 35 theme key 250:252 arg1 glycosyltransferase 254:272 a key glycosyltransferase 248:272 a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate 248:412 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 0 36 theme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 31:61 arg1 I 63:63 the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 27:63 the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 27:63 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 1 37 theme N-acetylglucosamine 352:370 arg1 residue 372:378 a N-acetylglucosamine residue 350:378 a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate 350:412 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 7 38 theme lipid-linked 1195:1206 arg1 precursor 1224:1232 the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1191:1232 the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1191:1232 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 7 39 theme pyrophosphate 1302:1314 arg1 precursor 1316:1324 a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor 1275:1324 a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor 1275:1324 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 9 40 theme ROS 1531:1533 arg1 production 1535:1544 ROS production 1531:1544 ROS production 1531:1544 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 0 41 from reinvestigation 76:90 arg1 Chlamydomonas 126:138 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 126:150 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 126:150 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 3 42 theme reinhardtii 654:664 arg1 complementation 632:646 complementation 632:646 complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI 632:687 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 6 43 theme enzyme 1019:1024 arg1 sequencing 1026:1035 enzyme sequencing 1019:1035 enzyme sequencing 1019:1035 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 4 44 located observed 841:848 arg2 modification 807:818 No modification 804:818 No modification of the N-glycans 804:835 No modification of the N-glycans was observed in the GnTI transformed cells. 28860654 4 44 located observed 841:848 arg1 cells 874:878 the GnTI transformed cells 853:878 the GnTI transformed cells 853:878 No modification of the N-glycans was observed in the GnTI transformed cells. 28860654 3 45 theme GnTI 723:726 arg1 cDNAs 728:732 GnTI cDNAs 723:732 GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum 723:801 Here, complementation of C. reinhardtii with heterologous GnTI was investigated by expression of GnTI cDNAs originated from Arabidopsis and the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. 28860654 1 46 theme Eukaryotic 153:162 arg1 pathways 180:187 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways 153:187 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways 153:187 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 6 47 contain carry 1073:1077 arg1 proteins 1064:1071 C. reinhardtii proteins 1049:1071 C. reinhardtii proteins 1049:1071 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 6 47 contain carry 1073:1077 arg2 Man5GlcNAc2 1086:1096 linear Man5GlcNAc2 1079:1096 linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes 1079:1158 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 6 47 contain carry 1073:1077 arg2 structure 1122:1130 the branched structure 1109:1130 linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes 1079:1158 Mass spectrometry analyses combined with enzyme sequencing showed that C. reinhardtii proteins carry linear Man5GlcNAc2 instead of the branched structure usually found in eukaryotes. 28860654 0 48 from Chlamydomonas 126:138 arg1 reinvestigation 76:90 a reinvestigation 74:90 a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 74:150 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 1 49 theme N-glycosylation 164:178 arg1 pathways 180:187 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways 153:187 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways 153:187 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 4 50 theme transformed 862:872 arg1 cells 874:878 the GnTI transformed cells 853:878 the GnTI transformed cells 853:878 No modification of the N-glycans was observed in the GnTI transformed cells. 28860654 1 51 dep glycosyltransferase 254:272 arg1 opening 274:280 opening 274:280 opening 274:280 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 9 52 theme apparatus 1673:1681 arg1 perturbation 1647:1658 the perturbation 1643:1658 the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus 1643:1681 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 9 53 theme Golgi 1667:1671 arg1 apparatus 1673:1681 the Golgi apparatus 1663:1681 the Golgi apparatus 1663:1681 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 0 54 from pathway 115:121 arg1 Chlamydomonas 126:138 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 126:150 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 126:150 Heterologous expression of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I dictates a reinvestigation of the N-glycosylation pathway in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 28860654 2 55 theme N-linked 436:443 arg1 glycans 428:434 glycans 428:434 glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins 428:481 In contrast, glycans N-linked to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii proteins arise from a GnTI-independent Golgi processing of oligomannosides giving rise to Man5GlcNAc2 substituted eventually with one or two xylose(s). 28860654 9 56 theme stress 1612:1617 arg1 responses 1619:1627 stress responses 1612:1627 stress responses 1612:1627 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 9 57 theme starch 1566:1571 arg1 granules 1573:1580 starch granules 1566:1580 starch granules 1566:1580 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 1 58 theme Man5GlcNAc2 389:399 arg1 intermediate 401:412 the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate 385:412 the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate 385:412 Eukaryotic N-glycosylation pathways are dependent of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), a key glycosyltransferase opening the door to the formation of complex-type N-glycans by transferring a N-acetylglucosamine residue onto the Man5GlcNAc2 intermediate. 28860654 5 59 theme Man5GlcNAc2 916:926 arg1 structure 899:907 the structure 895:907 the structure of the Man5GlcNAc2 synthesized by C. reinhardtii 895:956 Consequently, the structure of the Man5GlcNAc2 synthesized by C. reinhardtii was reinvestigated. 28860654 7 60 link lipid-linked 1195:1206 arg1 precursor 1224:1232 the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1191:1232 the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor 1191:1232 Moreover, characterization of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor demonstrated that C. reinhardtii exhibit a Glc3Man5GlcNAc2 dolichol pyrophosphate precursor. 28860654 9 61 theme granules 1573:1580 arg1 accumulation 1550:1561 accumulation 1550:1561 accumulation of starch granules 1550:1580 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 28860654 9 61 theme granules 1573:1580 arg1 increase 1519:1526 increase 1519:1526 increase of ROS production 1519:1544 Furthermore, cells expressing GnTI exhibited an altered phenotype with large vacuoles, increase of ROS production and accumulation of starch granules, suggesting the activation of stress responses likely due to the perturbation of the Golgi apparatus. 27222530 9 0 theme ligand 1718:1723 arg1 binding 1725:1731 lectin ligand binding 1711:1731 lectin ligand binding 1711:1731 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 8 1 theme nanosecond 1591:1600 arg1 timescale 1602:1610 a nanosecond timescale 1589:1610 a nanosecond timescale 1589:1610 Moreover, our findings suggested local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale. 27222530 3 2 theme Such 535:538 arg1 equilibrium 540:550 Such equilibrium 535:550 Such equilibrium 535:550 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 9 3 theme processes 1750:1758 arg1 understanding 1694:1706 a more complete understanding 1678:1706 a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes 1678:1758 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 7 4 theme unbinding 1160:1168 arg1 process 1170:1176 the unbinding process 1156:1176 the unbinding process 1156:1176 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 7 5 theme barrier 1469:1475 arg1 lowering 1446:1453 lowering 1446:1453 lowering of the energy barrier 1446:1475 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 9 6 dep biophysics 1879:1888 arg1 the 1875:1877 the 1875:1877 the 1875:1877 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 6 7 theme unbinding 1019:1027 arg1 process 1029:1035 the ligand unbinding process 1008:1035 the ligand unbinding process 1008:1035 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 7 8 theme binding 1135:1141 arg1 place 1143:1147 a carbohydrate binding place 1120:1147 a carbohydrate binding place 1120:1147 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 3 9 theme lectin 592:597 arg1 signaling 599:607 this lectin signaling 587:607 this lectin signaling 587:607 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 5 10 theme processes 899:907 arg1 constants 881:889 Kinetic constants 873:889 Kinetic constants of both processes 873:907 Kinetic constants of both processes were found to differ by an order of magnitude. 27222530 7 11 theme interactions 1219:1230 arg1 rupture 1193:1199 rupture 1193:1199 rupture of ligand-protein interactions 1193:1230 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 4 12 used used 702:705 arg2 we 699:700 we 699:700 we 699:700 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 4 13 theme approaches 755:764 arg1 combination 709:719 a combination 707:719 a combination of experimental and computational approaches 707:764 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 1 14 from information 262:272 arg1 matrix 331:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 1 14 from information 262:272 arg1 variety 279:285 a variety 277:285 a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix 277:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 1 14 from information 262:272 arg1 receptors 299:307 cellular receptors 290:307 cellular receptors 290:307 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 3 15 theme tunable 621:627 arg1 interactions 629:640 tunable interactions 621:640 tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors 621:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 6 16 theme molecular 976:984 arg1 simulations 995:1005 steered molecular dynamics simulations 968:1005 steered molecular dynamics simulations 968:1005 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 7 17 theme water 1419:1423 arg1 sites 1425:1429 their corresponding water sites 1399:1429 their corresponding water sites 1399:1429 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 1 18 theme critical 134:141 arg1 responses 154:162 critical biological responses 134:162 critical biological responses 134:162 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 3 19 theme preferential 649:660 arg1 set 662:664 a preferential set 647:664 a preferential set of glycosylated receptors 647:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 3 19 theme preferential 649:660 arg1 receptors 682:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 6 20 theme occupancy 1067:1075 arg1 changes 1077:1083 water occupancy changes 1061:1083 water occupancy changes 1061:1083 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 9 21 theme renewing 1848:1855 arg1 discussion 1861:1870 renewing the discussion 1848:1870 renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices 1848:1931 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 0 22 theme dissociation 66:77 arg1 kinetics 79:86 dimer dissociation kinetics 60:86 dimer dissociation kinetics 60:86 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 9 23 from relationship 1794:1805 arg1 biochemistry 1894:1905 biochemistry 1894:1905 biochemistry 1894:1905 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 9 23 from relationship 1794:1805 arg1 biophysics 1879:1888 biophysics 1879:1888 biophysics 1879:1888 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 4 24 theme Gal-1 816:820 arg1 unbinding 829:837 Gal-1 ligand unbinding 816:837 Gal-1 ligand unbinding 816:837 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 9 25 theme computational 1651:1663 arg1 data 1665:1668 experimental and computational data 1634:1668 experimental and computational data 1634:1668 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 8 26 from subunits 1545:1552 arg1 structure 1567:1575 the dimer structure 1557:1575 the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale 1557:1610 Moreover, our findings suggested local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale. 27222530 7 27 theme energy 1255:1260 arg1 barrier 1262:1268 energy barrier 1255:1268 energy barrier 1255:1268 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 2 28 theme homodimerization 475:490 arg1 equilibrium 492:502 a subtle homodimerization equilibrium 466:502 a subtle homodimerization equilibrium 466:502 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 7 29 from increase 1243:1250 arg1 barrier 1262:1268 energy barrier 1255:1268 energy barrier 1255:1268 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 2 30 theme galectin 385:392 arg1 family 394:399 the galectin family 381:399 the galectin family 381:399 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 5 31 theme Kinetic 873:879 arg1 constants 881:889 Kinetic constants 873:889 Kinetic constants of both processes 873:907 Kinetic constants of both processes were found to differ by an order of magnitude. 27222530 1 32 theme cellular 290:297 arg1 receptors 299:307 cellular receptors 290:307 cellular receptors 290:307 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 9 33 theme experimental 1634:1645 arg1 data 1665:1668 experimental and computational data 1634:1668 experimental and computational data 1634:1668 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 7 34 theme further 1377:1383 arg1 occupation 1385:1394 further occupation 1377:1394 further occupation 1377:1394 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 2 35 theme carbohydrate 420:431 arg1 domain 445:450 only one carbohydrate recognition domain 411:450 only one carbohydrate recognition domain 411:450 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 0 36 theme human 10:14 arg1 galectin-1 16:25 human galectin-1 10:25 human galectin-1 10:25 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 1 37 theme Endogenous 103:112 arg1 lectins 114:120 Endogenous lectins 103:120 Endogenous lectins 103:120 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 9 38 theme lattices 1924:1931 arg1 biochemistry 1894:1905 biochemistry 1894:1905 biochemistry 1894:1905 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 9 38 theme lattices 1924:1931 arg1 biophysics 1879:1888 biophysics 1879:1888 biophysics 1879:1888 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 7 39 theme ligand-protein 1204:1217 arg1 interactions 1219:1230 ligand-protein interactions 1204:1230 ligand-protein interactions 1204:1230 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 1 40 theme extracellular 317:329 arg1 matrix 331:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 9 41 from discussion 1861:1870 arg1 biochemistry 1894:1905 biochemistry 1894:1905 biochemistry 1894:1905 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 9 41 from discussion 1861:1870 arg1 biophysics 1879:1888 biophysics 1879:1888 biophysics 1879:1888 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 3 42 theme receptors 682:690 arg1 set 662:664 a preferential set 647:664 a preferential set of glycosylated receptors 647:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 3 42 theme receptors 682:690 arg1 receptors 682:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 1 43 dep cell 175:178 arg1 communication 180:192 communication 180:192 communication 180:192 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 0 44 theme saccharide 38:47 arg1 ligands 49:55 saccharide ligands 38:55 saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure 38:100 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 7 45 theme molecules 1341:1349 arg1 entry 1326:1330 the entry 1322:1330 the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites 1322:1429 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 4 46 theme dimer 843:847 arg1 processes 862:870 dimer dissociation processes 843:870 dimer dissociation processes 843:870 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 1 47 theme glycan-containing 244:260 arg1 information 262:272 glycan-containing information 244:272 glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix 244:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 6 48 theme steered 968:974 arg1 simulations 995:1005 steered molecular dynamics simulations 968:1005 steered molecular dynamics simulations 968:1005 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 7 49 dep groove 1366:1371 arg1 the 1354:1356 the 1354:1356 the 1354:1356 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 7 50 from sites 1111:1115 arg1 place 1143:1147 a carbohydrate binding place 1120:1147 a carbohydrate binding place 1120:1147 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 2 51 theme prototype 361:369 arg1 member 371:376 a prototype member 359:376 a prototype member of the galectin family 359:399 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 2 51 theme prototype 361:369 arg1 Galectin-1 339:348 Galectin-1 339:348 Galectin-1 (Gal-1) 339:356 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 9 52 theme binding 1725:1731 arg1 understanding 1694:1706 a more complete understanding 1678:1706 a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes 1678:1758 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 9 53 theme dimerization 1737:1748 arg1 processes 1750:1758 dimerization processes 1737:1758 dimerization processes 1737:1758 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 3 54 gly glycosylated 669:680 arg1 receptors 682:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 7 55 theme unbinding 1283:1291 arg1 process 1293:1299 ligand unbinding process 1276:1299 ligand unbinding process 1276:1299 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 3 56 theme signaling 599:607 arg1 function 575:582 the function 571:582 the function of this lectin signaling 571:607 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 9 57 theme new 1772:1774 arg1 insights 1776:1783 new insights 1772:1783 new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices 1772:1931 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 7 58 theme carbohydrate 1122:1133 arg1 place 1143:1147 a carbohydrate binding place 1120:1147 a carbohydrate binding place 1120:1147 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 6 59 theme ligand 1012:1017 arg1 process 1029:1035 the ligand unbinding process 1008:1035 the ligand unbinding process 1008:1035 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 8 60 theme local 1511:1515 arg1 asymmetries 1517:1527 local asymmetries 1511:1527 local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale 1511:1610 Moreover, our findings suggested local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale. 27222530 7 61 theme energy 1462:1467 arg1 barrier 1469:1475 the energy barrier 1458:1475 the energy barrier 1458:1475 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 9 62 theme lectin-ligand 1910:1922 arg1 lattices 1924:1931 lectin-ligand lattices 1910:1931 lectin-ligand lattices 1910:1931 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 7 63 theme water 1105:1109 arg1 sites 1111:1115 the water sites 1101:1115 the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place 1101:1147 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 6 64 theme dynamics 986:993 arg1 simulations 995:1005 steered molecular dynamics simulations 968:1005 steered molecular dynamics simulations 968:1005 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 9 65 theme Gal-1 1815:1819 arg1 structure 1821:1829 Gal-1 structure 1815:1829 Gal-1 structure 1815:1829 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 4 66 theme computational 741:753 arg1 approaches 755:764 experimental and computational approaches 724:764 experimental and computational approaches 724:764 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 4 67 dep kinetics 781:788 arg1 the 777:779 the 777:779 the 777:779 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 7 68 theme sites 1425:1429 arg1 groove 1366:1371 binding groove 1358:1371 binding groove 1358:1371 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 7 68 theme sites 1425:1429 arg1 occupation 1385:1394 further occupation 1377:1394 further occupation 1377:1394 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 0 69 theme dimer 60:64 arg1 kinetics 79:86 dimer dissociation kinetics 60:86 dimer dissociation kinetics 60:86 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 1 70 theme biological 143:152 arg1 responses 154:162 critical biological responses 134:162 critical biological responses 134:162 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 2 71 theme physiologic 507:517 arg1 concentrations 519:532 physiologic concentrations 507:532 physiologic concentrations 507:532 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 8 72 theme dimer 1561:1565 arg1 structure 1567:1575 the dimer structure 1557:1575 the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale 1557:1610 Moreover, our findings suggested local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale. 27222530 7 73 theme corresponding 1405:1417 arg1 sites 1425:1429 their corresponding water sites 1399:1429 their corresponding water sites 1399:1429 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 7 74 theme ligand 1276:1281 arg1 process 1293:1299 ligand unbinding process 1276:1299 ligand unbinding process 1276:1299 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 5 75 theme magnitude 945:953 arg1 order 936:940 an order 933:940 an order of magnitude 933:953 Kinetic constants of both processes were found to differ by an order of magnitude. 27222530 6 76 theme water 1061:1065 arg1 changes 1077:1083 water occupancy changes 1061:1083 water occupancy changes 1061:1083 By means of steered molecular dynamics simulations, the ligand unbinding process was followed monitoring water occupancy changes. 27222530 4 77 theme experimental 724:735 arg1 approaches 755:764 experimental and computational approaches 724:764 experimental and computational approaches 724:764 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 0 78 from ligands 49:55 arg1 structure 92:100 structure 92:100 structure 92:100 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 0 78 from ligands 49:55 arg1 kinetics 79:86 dimer dissociation kinetics 60:86 dimer dissociation kinetics 60:86 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 3 79 with interactions 629:640 arg1 set 662:664 a preferential set 647:664 a preferential set of glycosylated receptors 647:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 3 79 with interactions 629:640 arg1 receptors 682:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 4 80 theme ligand 822:827 arg1 unbinding 829:837 Gal-1 ligand unbinding 816:837 Gal-1 ligand unbinding 816:837 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 27222530 2 81 theme family 394:399 arg1 member 371:376 a prototype member 359:376 a prototype member of the galectin family 359:399 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 2 81 theme family 394:399 arg1 Galectin-1 339:348 Galectin-1 339:348 Galectin-1 (Gal-1) 339:356 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 8 82 located detected 1577:1584 arg2 structure 1567:1575 the dimer structure 1557:1575 the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale 1557:1610 Moreover, our findings suggested local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale. 27222530 8 82 located detected 1577:1584 arg1 timescale 1602:1610 a nanosecond timescale 1589:1610 a nanosecond timescale 1589:1610 Moreover, our findings suggested local asymmetries between the two subunits in the dimer structure detected at a nanosecond timescale. 27222530 0 83 theme galectin-1 16:25 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of human galectin-1 0:25 Impact of human galectin-1 binding to saccharide ligands on dimer dissociation kinetics and structure. 27222530 1 84 theme receptors 299:307 arg1 matrix 331:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 1 84 theme receptors 299:307 arg1 variety 279:285 a variety 277:285 a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix 277:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 1 84 theme receptors 299:307 arg1 receptors 299:307 cellular receptors 290:307 cellular receptors 290:307 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 7 85 theme binding 1358:1364 arg1 groove 1366:1371 binding groove 1358:1371 binding groove 1358:1371 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 2 86 theme recognition 433:443 arg1 domain 445:450 only one carbohydrate recognition domain 411:450 only one carbohydrate recognition domain 411:450 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 9 87 theme data 1665:1668 arg1 integration 1619:1629 integration 1619:1629 integration of experimental and computational data 1619:1668 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 2 88 theme subtle 468:473 arg1 equilibrium 492:502 a subtle homodimerization equilibrium 466:502 a subtle homodimerization equilibrium 466:502 Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a prototype member of the galectin family, displays only one carbohydrate recognition domain and occurs in a subtle homodimerization equilibrium at physiologic concentrations. 27222530 3 89 theme glycosylated 669:680 arg1 receptors 682:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 glycosylated receptors 669:690 Such equilibrium critically governs the function of this lectin signaling by allowing tunable interactions with a preferential set of glycosylated receptors. 27222530 1 90 theme matrix 331:336 arg1 matrix 331:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 the extracellular matrix 313:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 1 90 theme matrix 331:336 arg1 variety 279:285 a variety 277:285 a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix 277:336 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 1 90 theme matrix 331:336 arg1 receptors 299:307 cellular receptors 290:307 cellular receptors 290:307 Endogenous lectins can control critical biological responses, including cell communication, signaling, angiogenesis and immunity by decoding glycan-containing information on a variety of cellular receptors and the extracellular matrix. 27222530 7 91 theme water 1335:1339 arg1 molecules 1341:1349 water molecules 1335:1349 water molecules 1335:1349 By determining the water sites in a carbohydrate binding place during the unbinding process, we found that rupture of ligand-protein interactions induces an increase in energy barrier while ligand unbinding process takes place, whereas the entry of water molecules to the binding groove and further occupation of their corresponding water sites contributes to lowering of the energy barrier. 27222530 9 92 theme lectin 1711:1716 arg1 binding 1725:1731 lectin ligand binding 1711:1731 lectin ligand binding 1711:1731 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 9 93 theme complete 1685:1692 arg1 understanding 1694:1706 a more complete understanding 1678:1706 a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes 1678:1758 Thus, integration of experimental and computational data allowed a more complete understanding of lectin ligand binding and dimerization processes, suggesting new insights into the relationship between Gal-1 structure and function and renewing the discussion on the biophysics and biochemistry of lectin-ligand lattices. 27222530 4 94 theme dissociation 849:860 arg1 processes 862:870 dimer dissociation processes 843:870 dimer dissociation processes 843:870 Here, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to analyze the kinetics and mechanisms connecting Gal-1 ligand unbinding and dimer dissociation processes. 24516574 6 0 theme total 933:937 arg1 N-glycans 942:950 total 17 N-glycans 933:950 total 17 N-glycans identified 933:961 Intriguingly, among total 17 N-glycans identified, the N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc were all significantly decreased in SKOV3-ip in comparison to SKOV3. 24516574 7 1 with association 1145:1155 arg1 cancer 1170:1175 ovarian cancer 1162:1175 ovarian cancer 1162:1175 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 2 from alteration 1074:1083 arg1 glycoforms 1105:1114 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 3 3 theme glycan 501:506 arg1 structures 508:517 glycan structures 501:517 glycan structures 501:517 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 7 4 theme corresponding 1131:1143 arg1 association 1145:1155 its corresponding association 1127:1155 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior 1069:1195 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 3 5 theme tumor 546:550 arg1 progressions 552:563 tumor progressions 546:563 tumor progressions 546:563 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 1 6 theme mortality 258:266 arg1 scale 189:193 large scale 183:193 large scale 183:193 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 6 theme mortality 258:266 arg1 metastasis 206:215 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 6 theme mortality 258:266 arg1 cause 244:248 the major cause 234:248 the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer 234:284 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 9 7 theme ovarian 1737:1743 arg1 patients 1752:1759 ovarian cancer patients 1737:1759 ovarian cancer patients 1737:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 1 8 theme large 183:187 arg1 scale 189:193 large scale 183:193 large scale 183:193 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 8 theme large 183:187 arg1 metastasis 206:215 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 8 theme large 183:187 arg1 cause 244:248 the major cause 234:248 the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer 234:284 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 9 9 theme patients 1752:1759 arg1 prognosis 1724:1732 the prognosis 1720:1732 the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients 1720:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 4 10 theme ovarian 664:670 arg1 cancer 672:677 the metastatic ovarian cancer 649:677 the metastatic ovarian cancer 649:677 Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. 24516574 5 11 theme metastatic 881:890 arg1 SKOV3-ip 903:910 its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 872:910 its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 872:910 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 6 12 theme bisecting 983:991 arg1 GlcNAc 993:998 bisecting GlcNAc 983:998 bisecting GlcNAc 983:998 Intriguingly, among total 17 N-glycans identified, the N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc were all significantly decreased in SKOV3-ip in comparison to SKOV3. 24516574 7 13 theme GlcNAc 1098:1103 arg1 glycoforms 1105:1114 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 5 14 theme cell 852:855 arg1 line 857:860 an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 834:910 line 857:860 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 5 15 theme SKOV3 862:866 arg1 line 857:860 an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 834:910 line 857:860 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 8 16 theme valuable 1516:1523 arg1 time 1499:1502 the first time 1489:1502 the first time 1489:1502 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 8 16 theme valuable 1516:1523 arg1 source 1525:1530 a valuable source 1514:1530 a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well 1514:1562 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 1 17 theme ovarian 143:149 arg1 cancer 151:156 ovarian cancer 143:156 ovarian cancer 143:156 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 9 18 from detection 1625:1633 arg1 stage 1684:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage 1656:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients 1656:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 7 19 theme real-time 1284:1292 arg1 PCR 1294:1296 real-time PCR 1284:1296 real-time PCR 1284:1296 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 5 20 theme ovarian 837:843 arg1 line 857:860 an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 834:910 line 857:860 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 0 21 from Discovery 0:8 arg1 cancer 84:89 epithelial ovarian cancer 65:89 epithelial ovarian cancer 65:89 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 9 22 with N-glycans 1575:1583 arg1 GlcNAc 1600:1605 bisecting GlcNAc 1590:1605 bisecting GlcNAc 1590:1605 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 8 23 theme metastasis-related 1408:1425 arg1 alterations 1436:1446 metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 1408:1446 metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome 1408:1474 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 0 24 theme quantitative 100:111 arg1 glycomics 113:121 quantitative glycomics 100:121 quantitative glycomics 100:121 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 5 25 theme stable 745:750 arg1 labeling 760:767 metabolic stable isotope labeling 735:767 metabolic stable isotope labeling 735:767 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 0 26 theme alterations 50:60 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer 0:89 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 8 27 theme ovarian 1451:1457 arg1 secretome 1466:1474 ovarian cancer secretome 1451:1474 ovarian cancer secretome 1451:1474 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 2 28 theme ovarian 374:380 arg1 cancer 382:387 ovarian cancer 374:387 ovarian cancer 374:387 Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. 24516574 0 29 theme specific 13:20 arg1 alterations 50:60 specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 13:60 specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 13:60 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 9 30 theme cancer 1646:1651 arg1 detection 1625:1633 the detection 1621:1633 the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients 1621:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 7 31 theme immunohistochemistry 1354:1373 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 immunohistochemistry analysis 1354:1382 immunohistochemistry analysis 1354:1382 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 0 32 theme ovarian 76:82 arg1 cancer 84:89 epithelial ovarian cancer 65:89 epithelial ovarian cancer 65:89 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 2 33 theme occult 396:401 arg1 stage 414:418 its occult metastasis stage 392:418 its occult metastasis stage 392:418 Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. 24516574 0 34 theme N-glycan 41:48 arg1 alterations 50:60 specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 13:60 specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 13:60 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 5 35 theme differential 784:795 arg1 N-glycosylation 797:811 the differential N-glycosylation 780:811 the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 780:910 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 9 36 theme early 1656:1660 arg1 stage 1684:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage 1656:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients 1656:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 4 37 from changes 608:614 arg1 secretome 636:644 the secretome 632:644 the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer 632:677 Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. 24516574 3 38 theme certain 484:490 arg1 types 492:496 certain types 484:496 certain types of glycan structures 484:517 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 38 theme certain 484:490 arg1 markers 534:540 well-known markers 523:540 well-known markers for tumor progressions 523:563 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 9 39 theme metastasis 1673:1682 arg1 stage 1684:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage 1656:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients 1656:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 3 40 theme malignancy 469:478 arg1 glycosylation 429:441 Altered glycosylation 421:441 Altered glycosylation 421:441 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 40 theme malignancy 469:478 arg1 types 492:496 certain types 484:496 certain types of glycan structures 484:517 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 40 theme malignancy 469:478 arg1 feature 458:464 a universal feature 446:464 a universal feature of malignancy 446:478 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 40 theme malignancy 469:478 arg1 markers 534:540 well-known markers 523:540 well-known markers for tumor progressions 523:563 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 7 41 theme transwell 1317:1325 arg1 assay 1327:1331 transwell assay 1317:1331 transwell assay 1317:1331 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 42 dep alteration 1074:1083 arg1 behavior 1188:1195 metastatic behavior 1177:1195 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior 1069:1195 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 3 43 theme structures 508:517 arg1 types 492:496 certain types 484:496 certain types of glycan structures 484:517 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 43 theme structures 508:517 arg1 markers 534:540 well-known markers 523:540 well-known markers for tumor progressions 523:563 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 0 44 theme epithelial 65:74 arg1 cancer 84:89 epithelial ovarian cancer 65:89 epithelial ovarian cancer 65:89 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 1 45 theme high 253:256 arg1 mortality 258:266 high mortality 253:266 high mortality 253:266 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 6 46 with N-glycans 968:976 arg1 GlcNAc 993:998 bisecting GlcNAc 983:998 bisecting GlcNAc 983:998 Intriguingly, among total 17 N-glycans identified, the N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc were all significantly decreased in SKOV3-ip in comparison to SKOV3. 24516574 2 47 theme metastasis-related 323:340 arg1 biomarkers 342:351 metastasis-related biomarkers 323:351 metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage 323:418 Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. 24516574 3 48 theme well-known 523:532 arg1 types 492:496 certain types 484:496 certain types of glycan structures 484:517 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 48 theme well-known 523:532 arg1 markers 534:540 well-known markers 523:540 well-known markers for tumor progressions 523:563 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 9 49 theme cancer 1745:1750 arg1 patients 1752:1759 ovarian cancer patients 1737:1759 ovarian cancer patients 1737:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 5 50 theme high 876:879 arg1 SKOV3-ip 903:910 its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 872:910 its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 872:910 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 2 51 from detection 361:369 arg1 stage 414:418 its occult metastasis stage 392:418 its occult metastasis stage 392:418 Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. 24516574 7 52 gly glycoforms 1105:1114 arg1 GlcNAc 1098:1103 bisecting GlcNAc 1088:1103 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 53 theme bisecting 1088:1096 arg1 GlcNAc 1098:1103 bisecting GlcNAc 1088:1103 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 1 54 theme remote 199:204 arg1 scale 189:193 large scale 183:193 large scale 183:193 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 54 theme remote 199:204 arg1 metastasis 206:215 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 54 theme remote 199:204 arg1 cause 244:248 the major cause 234:248 the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer 234:284 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 4 55 theme N-glycans 619:627 arg1 changes 608:614 specific changes 599:614 specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer 599:677 Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. 24516574 5 56 theme glycomics 707:715 arg1 approach 717:724 a quantitative glycomics approach 692:724 a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling 692:767 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 4 57 theme metastatic 653:662 arg1 cancer 672:677 the metastatic ovarian cancer 649:677 the metastatic ovarian cancer 649:677 Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. 24516574 8 58 theme biomarker 1536:1544 arg1 discovery 1546:1554 biomarker discovery 1536:1554 biomarker discovery as well 1536:1562 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 5 59 theme isotope 752:758 arg1 labeling 760:767 metabolic stable isotope labeling 735:767 metabolic stable isotope labeling 735:767 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 5 60 theme cancer 845:850 arg1 line 857:860 an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 834:910 line 857:860 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 5 61 theme derivative 892:901 arg1 SKOV3-ip 903:910 its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 872:910 its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 872:910 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 4 62 theme cancer 672:677 arg1 secretome 636:644 the secretome 632:644 the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer 632:677 Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. 24516574 7 63 theme multiple 1254:1261 arg1 PCR 1294:1296 real-time PCR 1284:1296 real-time PCR 1284:1296 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 63 theme multiple 1254:1261 arg1 blotting 1307:1314 western blotting 1299:1314 western blotting 1299:1314 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 63 theme multiple 1254:1261 arg1 blotting 1341:1348 lectin blotting 1334:1348 lectin blotting 1334:1348 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 63 theme multiple 1254:1261 arg1 techniques 1263:1272 multiple techniques 1254:1272 multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis 1254:1382 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 63 theme multiple 1254:1261 arg1 assay 1327:1331 transwell assay 1317:1331 transwell assay 1317:1331 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 63 theme multiple 1254:1261 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 immunohistochemistry analysis 1354:1382 immunohistochemistry analysis 1354:1382 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 9 64 theme bisecting 1590:1598 arg1 GlcNAc 1600:1605 bisecting GlcNAc 1590:1605 bisecting GlcNAc 1590:1605 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 5 65 theme quantitative 694:705 arg1 approach 717:724 a quantitative glycomics approach 692:724 a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling 692:767 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 7 66 theme glycotransferase 1226:1241 arg1 level 1243:1247 the glycotransferase level 1222:1247 the glycotransferase level 1222:1247 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 5 67 theme metabolic 735:743 arg1 labeling 760:767 metabolic stable isotope labeling 735:767 metabolic stable isotope labeling 735:767 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 8 68 theme N-glycan 1427:1434 arg1 alterations 1436:1446 metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 1408:1446 metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome 1408:1474 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 2 69 theme cancer 382:387 arg1 detection 361:369 the detection 357:369 the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage 357:418 Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. 24516574 5 70 theme secretome 816:824 arg1 N-glycosylation 797:811 the differential N-glycosylation 780:811 the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip 780:910 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 1 71 from cause 244:248 arg1 cancer 279:284 ovarian cancer 271:284 ovarian cancer 271:284 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 3 72 theme Altered 421:427 arg1 glycosylation 429:441 Altered glycosylation 421:441 Altered glycosylation 421:441 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 72 theme Altered 421:427 arg1 feature 458:464 a universal feature 446:464 a universal feature of malignancy 446:478 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 0 73 theme metastasis-related 22:39 arg1 alterations 50:60 specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 13:60 specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations 13:60 Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. 24516574 1 74 theme ovarian 271:277 arg1 cancer 279:284 ovarian cancer 271:284 ovarian cancer 271:284 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 9 75 theme ovarian 1638:1644 arg1 cancer 1646:1651 ovarian cancer 1638:1651 ovarian cancer 1638:1651 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 7 76 with alteration 1074:1083 arg1 cancer 1170:1175 ovarian cancer 1162:1175 ovarian cancer 1162:1175 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 8 77 theme cancer 1459:1464 arg1 secretome 1466:1474 ovarian cancer secretome 1451:1474 ovarian cancer secretome 1451:1474 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 2 78 theme metastasis 403:412 arg1 stage 414:418 its occult metastasis stage 392:418 its occult metastasis stage 392:418 Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. 24516574 7 79 theme metastatic 1177:1186 arg1 behavior 1188:1195 metastatic behavior 1177:1195 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior 1069:1195 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 7 80 theme lectin 1334:1339 arg1 blotting 1341:1348 lectin blotting 1334:1348 lectin blotting 1334:1348 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 3 81 theme universal 448:456 arg1 glycosylation 429:441 Altered glycosylation 421:441 Altered glycosylation 421:441 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 3 81 theme universal 448:456 arg1 feature 458:464 a universal feature 446:464 a universal feature of malignancy 446:478 Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. 24516574 7 82 theme ovarian 1162:1168 arg1 cancer 1170:1175 ovarian cancer 1162:1175 ovarian cancer 1162:1175 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 9 83 theme peritoneal 1662:1671 arg1 stage 1684:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage 1656:1688 early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients 1656:1759 Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. 24516574 7 84 from association 1145:1155 arg1 glycoforms 1105:1114 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms 1088:1114 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 8 85 from alterations 1436:1446 arg1 secretome 1466:1474 ovarian cancer secretome 1451:1474 ovarian cancer secretome 1451:1474 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 1 86 dep metastasis 206:215 arg1 occurs 217:222 occurs 217:222 occurs 217:222 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 4 87 theme specific 599:606 arg1 changes 608:614 specific changes 599:614 specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer 599:677 Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. 24516574 8 88 theme first 1493:1497 arg1 time 1499:1502 the first time 1489:1502 the first time 1489:1502 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 8 88 theme first 1493:1497 arg1 source 1525:1530 a valuable source 1514:1530 a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well 1514:1562 This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. 24516574 7 89 theme western 1299:1305 arg1 blotting 1307:1314 western blotting 1299:1314 western blotting 1299:1314 This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. 24516574 5 90 gly N-glycosylation 797:811 arg1 secretome 816:824 secretome 816:824 secretome 816:824 We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. 24516574 1 91 theme major 238:242 arg1 scale 189:193 large scale 183:193 large scale 183:193 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 91 theme major 238:242 arg1 metastasis 206:215 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 remote metastasis occurs 199:222 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 24516574 1 91 theme major 238:242 arg1 cause 244:248 the major cause 234:248 the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer 234:284 Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. 26424213 3 0 theme linkage 709:715 arg1 nature 663:668 the nature 659:668 the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage 659:715 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 3 1 theme side 522:525 arg1 chain 527:531 a glycan side chain 513:531 a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue 513:568 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 9 2 theme disaccharide 1854:1865 arg1 linkage 1843:1849 interglycosidic linkage 1827:1849 the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide 1793:1865 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 9 2 theme disaccharide 1854:1865 arg1 length 1809:1814 the sugar chain length 1793:1814 the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide 1793:1865 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 3 3 from chain 527:531 arg1 residue 562:568 their conserved threonine residue 536:568 their conserved threonine residue 536:568 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 9 4 gly glycosylated 1911:1922 arg1 analogs 1924:1930 glycosylated analogs 1911:1930 glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1911:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 7 5 from differences 1417:1427 arg1 activity 1452:1459 their antibacterial activity 1432:1459 their antibacterial activity 1432:1459 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 7 6 theme proline-rich 1573:1584 arg1 class 1586:1590 proline-rich class 1573:1590 proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides 1573:1616 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 3 7 theme conserved 542:550 arg1 residue 562:568 their conserved threonine residue 536:568 their conserved threonine residue 536:568 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 9 8 theme antibacterial 1885:1897 arg1 activity 1899:1906 the antibacterial activity 1881:1906 the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1881:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 7 9 theme targets 1561:1567 arg1 targets 1561:1567 the targets 1557:1567 the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides 1557:1616 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 7 9 theme targets 1561:1567 arg1 DnaK 1519:1522 DnaK 1519:1522 DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides 1519:1616 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 7 9 theme targets 1561:1567 arg1 one 1550:1552 one 1550:1552 one 1550:1552 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 2 10 theme sugar 302:306 arg1 effect 285:290 the effect 281:290 the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin 281:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 0 11 theme glycopeptides 114:126 arg1 activity 75:82 the activity 71:82 the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 71:126 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 9 12 theme analogs 1924:1930 arg1 activity 1899:1906 the antibacterial activity 1881:1906 the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1881:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 7 13 theme comparable 1488:1497 arg1 affinity 1507:1514 comparable binding affinity 1488:1514 comparable binding affinity 1488:1514 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 3 14 theme identical 622:630 arg1 sugar 641:645 identical proximal sugar 622:645 identical proximal sugar 622:645 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 9 15 theme proline-rich 1935:1946 arg1 peptides 1962:1969 proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1935:1969 proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1935:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 4 16 theme functional 737:746 arg1 properties 748:757 The structural and functional properties 718:757 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 718:823 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 9 17 theme peptides 1962:1969 arg1 analogs 1924:1930 glycosylated analogs 1911:1930 glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1911:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 8 18 theme internalization 1648:1662 arg1 studies 1664:1670 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies 1619:1670 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs 1619:1703 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. 26424213 5 19 theme circular 1024:1031 arg1 dichroism 1033:1041 circular dichroism 1024:1041 circular dichroism 1024:1041 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 2 20 from effect 285:290 arg1 properties 360:369 the properties 356:369 the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin 356:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 0 21 theme disaccharides 54:66 arg1 sugar 17:21 distal sugar 10:21 distal sugar 10:21 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 0 21 theme disaccharides 54:66 arg1 linkage 43:49 interglycosidic linkage 27:49 interglycosidic linkage 27:49 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 5 22 theme major 974:978 arg1 alterations 1001:1011 neither major secondary structural alterations 966:1011 neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs 966:1133 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 8 23 theme active 1690:1695 arg1 analogs 1697:1703 differentially active analogs 1675:1703 differentially active analogs 1675:1703 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. 26424213 4 24 theme structural 722:731 arg1 properties 748:757 The structural and functional properties 718:757 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 718:823 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 1 25 theme protein 160:166 arg1 structure 168:176 protein structure 160:176 protein structure 160:176 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 0 26 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activity 75:82 the activity 71:82 the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 71:126 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 4 27 theme drosocin 808:815 arg1 analogs 817:823 these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 762:823 analogs 817:823 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 2 28 gly glycopeptides 401:413 arg2 drosocin 432:439 drosocin 432:439 drosocin 432:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 28 gly glycopeptides 401:413 arg2 I 426:426 formaecin I 416:426 formaecin I 416:426 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 28 gly glycopeptides 401:413 arg2 glycopeptides 401:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 3 29 theme glycosylated 448:459 arg1 lactose 477:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose 442:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose 442:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 0 30 theme rich 95:98 arg1 glycopeptides 114:126 proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 87:126 proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 87:126 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 4 31 theme disaccharide-containing 768:790 arg1 I 802:802 these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 762:823 I 802:802 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 2 32 theme antimicrobial 387:399 arg1 glycopeptides 401:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 32 theme antimicrobial 387:399 arg1 I 426:426 formaecin I 416:426 formaecin I 416:426 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 32 theme antimicrobial 387:399 arg1 drosocin 432:439 drosocin 432:439 drosocin 432:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 6 33 theme antibacterial 1164:1176 arg1 activities 1178:1187 antibacterial activities 1164:1187 antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin 1164:1232 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 9 34 theme peptide 2043:2049 arg1 sequence 2051:2058 the peptide sequence 2039:2058 the peptide sequence 2039:2058 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 4 35 theme I 802:802 arg1 properties 748:757 The structural and functional properties 718:757 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 718:823 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 0 36 theme distal 10:15 arg1 sugar 17:21 distal sugar 10:21 distal sugar 10:21 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 9 37 from activity 2019:2026 arg1 magnitude 1979:1987 the magnitude 1975:1987 the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity 1975:2026 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 9 38 theme sugar 1797:1801 arg1 length 1809:1814 the sugar chain length 1793:1814 the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide 1793:1865 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 4 39 theme β-D-glucosyl-formaecin 888:909 arg1 forms 881:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 39 theme β-D-glucosyl-formaecin 888:909 arg1 I 911:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 2 40 theme disaccharides 339:351 arg1 sugar 302:306 distal sugar 295:306 distal sugar 295:306 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 40 theme disaccharides 339:351 arg1 linkage 328:334 interglycosidic linkage 312:334 interglycosidic linkage 312:334 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 8 41 from differences 1718:1728 arg1 uptake 1739:1744 their uptake 1733:1744 their uptake into bacterial cells 1733:1765 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. 26424213 3 42 theme interglycosidic 693:707 arg1 linkage 709:715 interglycosidic linkage 693:715 interglycosidic linkage 693:715 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 2 43 theme linkage 328:334 arg1 effect 285:290 the effect 281:290 the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin 281:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 5 44 from differences 1059:1069 arg1 toxicity 1078:1085 the toxicity 1074:1085 the toxicity with mammalian cells 1074:1106 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 1 45 theme intrinsic 215:223 arg1 length 256:261 glycan chain length 243:261 glycan chain length 243:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 1 45 theme intrinsic 215:223 arg1 factors 225:231 intrinsic factors 215:231 intrinsic factors including glycan chain length 215:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 1 46 theme glycosylation 143:155 arg1 effect 133:138 The effect 129:138 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function 129:189 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 3 47 theme sugar 680:684 arg1 nature 663:668 the nature 659:668 the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage 659:715 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 4 48 theme corresponding 850:862 arg1 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 48 theme corresponding 850:862 arg1 forms 881:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 48 theme corresponding 850:862 arg1 I 911:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 9 49 theme interglycosidic 1827:1841 arg1 linkage 1843:1849 interglycosidic linkage 1827:1849 the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide 1793:1865 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 6 50 theme formaecin 1209:1217 arg1 I 1219:1219 formaecin I 1209:1219 formaecin I 1209:1219 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 3 51 theme glycan 515:520 arg1 chain 527:531 a glycan side chain 513:531 a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue 513:568 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 1 52 theme chain 250:254 arg1 length 256:261 glycan chain length 243:261 glycan chain length 243:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 6 53 theme analogs 1198:1204 arg1 activities 1178:1187 antibacterial activities 1164:1187 antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin 1164:1232 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 3 54 theme threonine 552:560 arg1 residue 562:568 their conserved threonine residue 536:568 their conserved threonine residue 536:568 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 7 55 theme antibacterial 1595:1607 arg1 peptides 1609:1616 antibacterial peptides 1595:1616 antibacterial peptides 1595:1616 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 3 56 contain possess 614:620 arg2 sugar 641:645 identical proximal sugar 622:645 identical proximal sugar 622:645 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 3 56 contain possess 614:620 arg1 disaccharides 600:612 these disaccharides 594:612 these disaccharides 594:612 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 0 57 theme linkage 43:49 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 0:127 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 7 58 theme peptides 1609:1616 arg1 class 1586:1590 proline-rich class 1573:1590 proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides 1573:1616 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 2 59 theme distal 295:300 arg1 sugar 302:306 distal sugar 295:306 distal sugar 295:306 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 9 60 theme glycosylated 1911:1922 arg1 analogs 1924:1930 glycosylated analogs 1911:1930 glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1911:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 5 61 theme structural 990:999 arg1 alterations 1001:1011 neither major secondary structural alterations 966:1011 neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs 966:1133 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 5 62 with toxicity 1078:1085 arg1 cells 1102:1106 mammalian cells 1092:1106 mammalian cells 1092:1106 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 8 63 theme comparative-quantitative 1623:1646 arg1 studies 1664:1670 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies 1619:1670 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs 1619:1703 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. 26424213 1 64 gly glycosylation 143:155 arg1 protein 160:166 protein structure 160:176 protein structure 160:176 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 0 65 gly glycopeptides 114:126 arg2 glycopeptides 114:126 proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 87:126 proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 87:126 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 9 66 theme antimicrobial 1948:1960 arg1 peptides 1962:1969 proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1935:1969 proline-rich antimicrobial peptides 1935:1969 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 6 67 theme respective 1330:1339 arg1 β-D-Glc-analog 1341:1354 respective β-D-Glc-analog 1330:1354 respective β-D-Glc-analog 1330:1354 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 3 68 theme proximal 632:639 arg1 sugar 641:645 identical proximal sugar 622:645 identical proximal sugar 622:645 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 8 69 theme analogs 1697:1703 arg1 studies 1664:1670 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies 1619:1670 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs 1619:1703 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. 26424213 5 70 theme secondary 980:988 arg1 alterations 1001:1011 neither major secondary structural alterations 966:1011 neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs 966:1133 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 9 71 theme variation 1992:2000 arg1 magnitude 1979:1987 the magnitude 1975:1987 the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity 1975:2026 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 9 72 theme antibacterial 2005:2017 arg1 activity 2019:2026 antibacterial activity 2005:2026 antibacterial activity 2005:2026 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 0 73 theme antimicrobial 100:112 arg1 glycopeptides 114:126 proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 87:126 proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 87:126 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 7 74 theme binding 1499:1505 arg1 affinity 1507:1514 comparable binding affinity 1488:1514 comparable binding affinity 1488:1514 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 4 75 theme analogs 817:823 arg1 properties 748:757 The structural and functional properties 718:757 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 718:823 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 2 76 theme glycopeptides 401:413 arg1 properties 360:369 the properties 356:369 the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin 356:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 4 77 gly monoglycosylated 864:879 arg1 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 77 gly monoglycosylated 864:879 arg1 forms 881:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 77 gly monoglycosylated 864:879 arg1 I 911:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 1 78 from effect 133:138 arg1 function 182:189 function 182:189 function 182:189 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 1 78 from effect 133:138 arg1 structure 168:176 protein structure 160:176 protein structure 160:176 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 6 79 theme activities 1178:1187 arg1 analyses 1152:1159 The comparative analyses 1136:1159 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin 1136:1232 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 8 80 theme bacterial 1751:1759 arg1 cells 1761:1765 bacterial cells 1751:1765 bacterial cells 1751:1765 The comparative-quantitative internalization studies of differentially active analogs revealed the differences in their uptake into bacterial cells. 26424213 2 81 theme proline-rich 374:385 arg1 glycopeptides 401:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 81 theme proline-rich 374:385 arg1 I 426:426 formaecin I 416:426 formaecin I 416:426 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 81 theme proline-rich 374:385 arg1 drosocin 432:439 drosocin 432:439 drosocin 432:439 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 0 82 theme sugar 17:21 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 0:127 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 5 83 theme substantial 1047:1057 arg1 differences 1059:1069 substantial differences 1047:1069 substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs 1047:1133 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 4 84 theme formaecin 792:800 arg1 I 802:802 these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs 762:823 I 802:802 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 0 85 theme interglycosidic 27:41 arg1 linkage 43:49 interglycosidic linkage 27:49 interglycosidic linkage 27:49 Effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the activity of proline rich antimicrobial glycopeptides. 26424213 6 86 theme comparative 1140:1150 arg1 analyses 1152:1159 The comparative analyses 1136:1159 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin 1136:1232 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 4 87 theme monoglycosylated 864:879 arg1 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 β-D-glucosyl-drosocin 917:937 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 87 theme monoglycosylated 864:879 arg1 forms 881:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 their corresponding monoglycosylated forms 844:885 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 4 87 theme monoglycosylated 864:879 arg1 I 911:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I 888:911 The structural and functional properties of these disaccharide-containing formaecin I and drosocin analogs were compared with their corresponding monoglycosylated forms, β-D-glucosyl-formaecin I and β-D-glucosyl-drosocin, respectively. 26424213 2 88 theme formaecin 416:424 arg1 glycopeptides 401:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides 374:413 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 2 88 theme formaecin 416:424 arg1 I 426:426 formaecin I 416:426 formaecin I 416:426 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 9 89 theme chain 1803:1807 arg1 length 1809:1814 the sugar chain length 1793:1814 the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide 1793:1865 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 7 90 theme antibacterial 1438:1450 arg1 activity 1452:1459 their antibacterial activity 1432:1459 their antibacterial activity 1432:1459 Despite the differences in their antibacterial activity, all the analogs exhibited comparable binding affinity to DnaK that has been reported as one of the targets for proline-rich class of antibacterial peptides. 26424213 9 91 from variation 1992:2000 arg1 activity 2019:2026 antibacterial activity 2005:2026 antibacterial activity 2005:2026 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 5 92 theme mammalian 1092:1100 arg1 cells 1102:1106 mammalian cells 1092:1106 mammalian cells 1092:1106 We observed neither major secondary structural alterations studied by circular dichroism nor substantial differences in the toxicity with mammalian cells among all of these analogs. 26424213 6 93 theme drosocin 1225:1232 arg1 analogs 1198:1204 these analogs 1192:1204 these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin 1192:1232 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 3 94 theme distal 673:678 arg1 sugar 680:684 distal sugar 673:684 distal sugar 673:684 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 3 95 gly glycosylated 448:459 arg1 lactose 477:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose 442:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose 442:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 2 96 theme interglycosidic 312:326 arg1 linkage 328:334 interglycosidic linkage 312:334 interglycosidic linkage 312:334 We have analyzed the effect of distal sugar and interglycosidic linkage of disaccharides on the properties of proline-rich antimicrobial glycopeptides, formaecin I and drosocin. 26424213 1 97 theme factors 225:231 arg1 length 256:261 glycan chain length 243:261 glycan chain length 243:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 1 97 theme factors 225:231 arg1 variety 204:210 a variety 202:210 a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length 202:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 1 97 theme factors 225:231 arg1 factors 225:231 intrinsic factors 215:231 intrinsic factors including glycan chain length 215:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 26424213 9 98 from magnitude 1979:1987 arg1 activity 2019:2026 antibacterial activity 2005:2026 antibacterial activity 2005:2026 Our results exhibit that the sugar chain length as well as interglycosidic linkage of disaccharide may influence the antibacterial activity of glycosylated analogs of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides and the magnitude of variation in antibacterial activity depends on the peptide sequence. 26424213 6 99 theme I 1219:1219 arg1 analogs 1198:1204 these analogs 1192:1204 these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin 1192:1232 The comparative analyses of antibacterial activities of these analogs of formaecin I and drosocin displayed that β-D-maltosyl-formaecin I and β-D-maltosyl-drosocin were more potent than that of respective β-D-Glc-analog, β-D-cellobiosyl-analog and β-D-lactosyl-analog. 26424213 3 100 theme analogs-bearing 461:475 arg1 lactose 477:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose 442:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose 442:483 Their glycosylated analogs-bearing lactose, maltose and cellobiose, as a glycan side chain on their conserved threonine residue, were synthesized where these disaccharides possess identical proximal sugar and vary in the nature of distal sugar and/or interglycosidic linkage. 26424213 1 101 theme glycan 243:248 arg1 length 256:261 glycan chain length 243:261 glycan chain length 243:261 The effect of glycosylation on protein structure and function depends on a variety of intrinsic factors including glycan chain length. 24198434 7 0 theme shotgun 2081:2087 arg1 approach 2089:2096 a shotgun approach 2079:2096 a shotgun approach 2079:2096 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 4 1 theme fruit 1041:1045 arg1 pericarp 1047:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 5 2 theme chromatography 1220:1233 arg1 analysis 1279:1286 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis 1193:1286 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis 1193:1286 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 4 3 theme lectins 897:903 arg1 study 866:870 a comparative study 852:870 a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 852:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 5 4 theme hydrophilic 1240:1250 arg1 chromatography 1264:1277 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1240:1277 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1240:1277 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 2 5 with lectins 389:395 arg1 affinities 412:421 different affinities 402:421 different affinities 402:421 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 3 6 theme N-glycoproteome 688:702 arg1 profiling 704:712 plant N-glycoproteome profiling 682:712 plant N-glycoproteome profiling 682:712 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 7 7 theme inhibitor 2210:2218 arg1 protein 2220:2226 a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein 2174:2226 a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein 2174:2226 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 7 7 theme inhibitor 2210:2218 arg1 example 2234:2240 an example 2231:2240 an example 2231:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 1 8 theme front-end 168:176 arg1 strategy 189:196 a valuable front-end enrichment strategy 157:196 a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins 157:229 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 7 9 theme xyloglucan-specific 2176:2194 arg1 protein 2220:2226 a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein 2174:2226 a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein 2174:2226 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 7 9 theme xyloglucan-specific 2176:2194 arg1 example 2234:2240 an example 2231:2240 an example 2231:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 5 10 theme coupling 1065:1072 arg1 chromatography 1090:1103 coupling lectin affinity chromatography 1065:1103 coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy 1065:1138 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 11 theme plant 554:558 arg1 N-glycoproteins 560:574 plant N-glycoproteins 554:574 plant N-glycoproteins 554:574 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 12 from hydrophobicity 1643:1656 arg1 structures 1577:1586 the structures 1573:1586 the structures of N-glycans 1573:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 13 theme affinity 1081:1088 arg1 chromatography 1090:1103 coupling lectin affinity chromatography 1065:1103 coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy 1065:1138 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 7 14 theme glycoproteins 2010:2022 arg1 structures 1996:2005 the putative N-glycan structures 1974:2005 the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example 1974:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 4 15 theme concanavalin 906:917 arg1 A 919:919 concanavalin A 906:919 concanavalin A 906:919 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 4 15 theme concanavalin 906:917 arg1 lectins 897:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 3 16 theme preferential 748:759 arg1 association 761:771 preferential association 748:771 preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures 748:832 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 1 17 theme Lectin 108:113 arg1 LAC 140:142 LAC 140:142 LAC 140:142 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 1 17 theme Lectin 108:113 arg1 chromatography 124:137 Lectin affinity chromatography 108:137 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) 108:143 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 7 18 theme predicted 2140:2148 arg1 sites 2161:2165 predicted deamidated sites 2140:2165 predicted deamidated sites 2140:2165 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 19 gly N-glycosylation 789:803 arg2 sites 805:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 20 theme N-glycosylation 789:803 arg1 sites 805:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 0 21 theme N-glycoproteome 51:65 arg1 profiling 67:75 plant N-glycoproteome profiling 45:75 plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model 45:105 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 6 22 from charge 1609:1614 arg1 structures 1577:1586 the structures 1573:1586 the structures of N-glycans 1573:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 1 23 theme broad 267:271 arg1 range 273:277 a broad range 265:277 a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes 265:305 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 5 24 gly N-glycoproteins 1168:1182 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1168:1182 448 putative N-glycoproteins 1155:1182 448 putative N-glycoproteins 1155:1182 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 25 theme putative 1301:1308 arg1 sites 1326:1330 318 putative N-glycosylation sites 1297:1330 318 putative N-glycosylation sites 1297:1330 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 26 gly N-glycosylation 1808:1822 arg2 sites 1824:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 7 27 theme N-glycan 1987:1994 arg1 structures 1996:2005 the putative N-glycan structures 1974:2005 the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example 1974:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 4 28 dep pericarp 1047:1054 arg1 lycopersicum 1027:1038 Solanum lycopersicum 1019:1038 Solanum lycopersicum 1019:1038 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 2 29 theme multiple 380:387 arg1 lectins 389:395 multiple lectins 380:395 multiple lectins with different affinities 380:421 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 5 30 theme shotgun 1112:1118 arg1 strategy 1131:1138 a shotgun proteomics strategy 1110:1138 a shotgun proteomics strategy 1110:1138 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 31 theme multiple 1453:1460 arg1 lectins 1462:1468 multiple lectins 1453:1468 multiple lectins 1453:1468 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 32 theme glycopeptides 1665:1677 arg1 pI 1636:1637 pI 1636:1637 pI 1636:1637 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 32 theme glycopeptides 1665:1677 arg1 charge 1609:1614 charge 1609:1614 charge 1609:1614 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 32 theme glycopeptides 1665:1677 arg1 point 1629:1633 isoelectric point 1617:1633 isoelectric point (pI) 1617:1638 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 32 theme glycopeptides 1665:1677 arg1 hydrophobicity 1643:1656 hydrophobicity 1643:1656 hydrophobicity 1643:1656 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 32 theme glycopeptides 1665:1677 arg1 differences 1558:1568 no discernible differences 1543:1568 no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans 1543:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 33 located observed 1738:1745 arg1 frequency 1765:1773 the amino acid frequency 1750:1773 the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites 1750:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 33 located observed 1738:1745 arg2 differences 1721:1731 differences 1721:1731 differences 1721:1731 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 34 theme amino 1754:1758 arg1 acid 1760:1763 the amino acid 1750:1763 the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites 1750:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 35 dep identified 1144:1153 arg1 whereas 1185:1191 whereas 1185:1191 whereas 1185:1191 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 36 with chromatography 1090:1103 arg1 strategy 1131:1138 a shotgun proteomics strategy 1110:1138 a shotgun proteomics strategy 1110:1138 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 37 theme multi-lectin 456:467 arg1 approach 469:476 A multi-lectin approach 454:476 A multi-lectin approach 454:476 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 38 theme lectins 1462:1468 arg1 use 1446:1448 The use 1442:1448 The use of multiple lectins 1442:1468 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 39 theme parallel 1195:1202 arg1 chromatography 1220:1233 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography 1193:1233 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography 1193:1233 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 2 40 with studies 318:324 arg1 systems 341:347 mammalian systems 331:347 mammalian systems 331:347 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 4 41 theme green 999:1003 arg1 pericarp 1047:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 6 42 theme sites 1824:1828 arg1 subsites 1792:1799 the -1 and +1 subsites 1778:1799 subsites 1792:1799 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 42 theme sites 1824:1828 arg1 sites 1824:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 0 43 theme lectin 23:28 arg1 affinity 30:37 lectin affinity 23:37 lectin affinity 23:37 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 1 44 theme eukaryotic 279:288 arg1 N-glycoproteomes 290:305 a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes 265:305 a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes 265:305 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 7 45 theme affinity 1940:1947 arg1 analysis 1952:1959 affinity MS analysis 1940:1959 affinity MS analysis 1940:1959 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 4 46 theme tomato 1011:1016 arg1 pericarp 1047:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 5 47 theme 448 1155:1157 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1168:1182 448 putative N-glycoproteins 1155:1182 448 putative N-glycoproteins 1155:1182 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 48 gly N-glycoproteins 1339:1353 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1339:1353 230 N-glycoproteins 1335:1353 230 N-glycoproteins 1335:1353 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 49 theme N-glycan 1421:1428 arg1 structures 1430:1439 17 N-glycan structures 1418:1439 17 N-glycan structures 1418:1439 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 2 50 theme mammalian 331:339 arg1 systems 341:347 mammalian systems 331:347 mammalian systems 331:347 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 7 51 theme complementary 1871:1883 arg1 strategy 1918:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 52 theme lectins 658:664 arg1 lectins 630:636 certain lectins 622:636 certain lectins 622:636 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 52 theme lectins 658:664 arg1 combinations 642:653 combinations 642:653 combinations of lectins 642:664 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 53 theme discernible 1546:1556 arg1 differences 1558:1568 no discernible differences 1543:1568 no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans 1543:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 54 theme interaction 1252:1262 arg1 chromatography 1264:1277 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1240:1277 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 1240:1277 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 7 55 theme alternative 1855:1865 arg1 strategy 1918:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 5 56 gly N-glycosylation 1310:1324 arg2 318 1297:1299 318 1297:1299 318 1297:1299 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 56 gly N-glycosylation 1310:1324 arg2 sites 1326:1330 318 putative N-glycosylation sites 1297:1330 318 putative N-glycosylation sites 1297:1330 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 1 57 theme N-glycoproteins 215:229 arg1 study 206:210 the study 202:210 the study of N-glycoproteins 202:229 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 4 58 theme pericarp 1047:1054 arg1 N-glycoproteome 973:987 the N-glycoproteome 969:987 the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 969:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 3 59 theme plant 682:686 arg1 profiling 704:712 plant N-glycoproteome profiling 682:712 plant N-glycoproteome profiling 682:712 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 60 theme affinity 1211:1218 arg1 chromatography 1220:1233 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography 1193:1233 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography 1193:1233 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 61 theme certain 622:628 arg1 lectins 630:636 certain lectins 622:636 certain lectins 622:636 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 4 62 theme mannose-binding 881:895 arg1 A 919:919 concanavalin A 906:919 concanavalin A 906:919 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 4 62 theme mannose-binding 881:895 arg1 lectin 931:936 snowdrop lectin 922:936 snowdrop lectin 922:936 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 4 62 theme mannose-binding 881:895 arg1 lectin 950:955 lentil lectin 943:955 lentil lectin 943:955 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 4 62 theme mannose-binding 881:895 arg1 lectins 897:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 5 63 from sites 1326:1330 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1339:1353 230 N-glycoproteins 1335:1353 230 N-glycoproteins 1335:1353 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 64 theme N-glycoproteins 560:574 arg1 analysis 542:549 the analysis 538:549 the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins 538:574 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 65 theme N-glycans 1591:1599 arg1 structures 1577:1586 the structures 1573:1586 the structures of N-glycans 1573:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 1 66 theme valuable 159:166 arg1 strategy 189:196 a valuable front-end enrichment strategy 157:196 a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins 157:229 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 4 67 theme comparative 854:864 arg1 study 866:870 a comparative study 852:870 a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 852:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 1 68 theme enrichment 178:187 arg1 strategy 189:196 a valuable front-end enrichment strategy 157:196 a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins 157:229 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 4 69 theme snowdrop 922:929 arg1 lectin 931:936 snowdrop lectin 922:936 snowdrop lectin 922:936 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 4 69 theme snowdrop 922:929 arg1 lectins 897:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 7 70 theme endoglucanase 2196:2208 arg1 protein 2220:2226 a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein 2174:2226 a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein 2174:2226 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 7 70 theme endoglucanase 2196:2208 arg1 example 2234:2240 an example 2231:2240 an example 2231:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 71 theme specific 726:733 arg1 lectins 735:741 specific lectins 726:741 specific lectins 726:741 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 72 theme lectin 1074:1079 arg1 chromatography 1090:1103 coupling lectin affinity chromatography 1065:1103 coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy 1065:1138 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 73 theme particular 778:787 arg1 sites 805:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 74 from subsites 1792:1799 arg1 frequency 1765:1773 the amino acid frequency 1750:1773 the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites 1750:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 7 75 gly glycoproteins 2010:2022 arg1 glycoproteins 2010:2022 glycoproteins 2010:2022 glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example 2010:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 76 gly N-glycoproteins 560:574 arg1 N-glycoproteins 560:574 plant N-glycoproteins 554:574 plant N-glycoproteins 554:574 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 1 77 theme affinity 115:122 arg1 LAC 140:142 LAC 140:142 LAC 140:142 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 1 77 theme affinity 115:122 arg1 chromatography 124:137 Lectin affinity chromatography 108:137 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) 108:143 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 6 78 dep charge 1609:1614 arg1 the 1605:1607 the 1605:1607 the 1605:1607 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 7 79 theme deamidated 2150:2159 arg1 sites 2161:2165 predicted deamidated sites 2140:2165 predicted deamidated sites 2140:2165 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 80 theme N-glycan 814:821 arg1 structures 823:832 N-glycan structures 814:832 N-glycan structures 814:832 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 81 theme isoelectric 1617:1627 arg1 pI 1636:1637 pI 1636:1637 pI 1636:1637 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 81 theme isoelectric 1617:1627 arg1 point 1629:1633 isoelectric point 1617:1633 isoelectric point (pI) 1617:1638 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 82 theme +1 1789:1790 arg1 subsites 1792:1799 the -1 and +1 subsites 1778:1799 subsites 1792:1799 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 82 theme +1 1789:1790 arg1 sites 1824:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 0 83 theme tomato 83:88 arg1 fruit 90:94 tomato fruit 83:94 tomato fruit 83:94 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 0 83 theme tomato 83:88 arg1 model 101:105 a model 99:105 a model 99:105 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 6 84 from point 1629:1633 arg1 structures 1577:1586 the structures 1573:1586 the structures of N-glycans 1573:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 85 theme -1 1782:1783 arg1 subsites 1792:1799 the -1 and +1 subsites 1778:1799 subsites 1792:1799 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 6 85 theme -1 1782:1783 arg1 sites 1824:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 86 theme N-glycosylation 1310:1324 arg1 sites 1326:1330 318 putative N-glycosylation sites 1297:1330 318 putative N-glycosylation sites 1297:1330 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 7 87 theme putative 1978:1985 arg1 structures 1996:2005 the putative N-glycan structures 1974:2005 the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example 1974:2240 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 88 with association 761:771 arg1 sites 805:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 particular N-glycosylation sites 778:809 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 3 88 with association 761:771 arg1 structures 823:832 N-glycan structures 814:832 N-glycan structures 814:832 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 4 89 theme lentil 943:948 arg1 lectin 950:955 lentil lectin 943:955 lentil lectin 943:955 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 4 89 theme lentil 943:948 arg1 lectins 897:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 three mannose-binding lectins 875:903 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 1 90 gly N-glycoproteins 215:229 arg1 N-glycoproteins 215:229 N-glycoproteins 215:229 N-glycoproteins 215:229 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 6 91 theme acid 1760:1763 arg1 frequency 1765:1773 the amino acid frequency 1750:1773 the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites 1750:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 92 theme shotgun 1389:1395 arg1 analysis 1397:1404 the shotgun analysis 1385:1404 the shotgun analysis 1385:1404 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 0 93 theme comparative 2:12 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of lectin affinity 0:37 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 5 94 theme proteomics 1120:1129 arg1 strategy 1131:1138 a shotgun proteomics strategy 1110:1138 a shotgun proteomics strategy 1110:1138 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 95 gly glycopeptides 1665:1677 arg2 glycopeptides 1665:1677 the glycopeptides 1661:1677 the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin 1661:1718 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 7 96 theme MS 1949:1950 arg1 analysis 1952:1959 affinity MS analysis 1940:1959 affinity MS analysis 1940:1959 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 7 97 from complementary 1871:1883 arg1 planta 1888:1893 planta 1888:1893 planta 1888:1893 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 2 98 theme different 402:410 arg1 affinities 412:421 different affinities 402:421 different affinities 402:421 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 0 99 theme affinity 30:37 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of lectin affinity 0:37 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 1 100 theme range 273:277 arg1 N-glycoproteomes 290:305 a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes 265:305 a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes 265:305 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 1 101 used used 244:247 arg2 LAC 140:142 LAC 140:142 LAC 140:142 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 1 101 used used 244:247 arg2 chromatography 124:137 Lectin affinity chromatography 108:137 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) 108:143 Lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) can provide a valuable front-end enrichment strategy for the study of N-glycoproteins and has been used to characterize a broad range eukaryotic N-glycoproteomes. 24198434 7 102 from planta 1888:1893 arg1 complementary 1871:1883 complementary 1871:1883 complementary 1871:1883 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 4 103 theme mature 992:997 arg1 pericarp 1047:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 6 104 theme N-glycosylation 1808:1822 arg1 sites 1824:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 the N-glycosylation sites 1804:1828 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 5 105 theme lectin 1204:1209 arg1 chromatography 1220:1233 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography 1193:1233 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography 1193:1233 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 2 106 theme lectins 389:395 arg1 effective 443:451 effective 443:451 effective 443:451 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 2 106 theme lectins 389:395 arg1 use 373:375 the use 369:375 the use of multiple lectins with different affinities 369:421 Moreover, studies with mammalian systems have suggested that the use of multiple lectins with different affinities can be particularly effective. 24198434 0 107 theme plant 45:49 arg1 profiling 67:75 plant N-glycoproteome profiling 45:75 plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model 45:105 A comparative study of lectin affinity based plant N-glycoproteome profiling using tomato fruit as a model. 24198434 5 108 theme putative 1159:1166 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1168:1182 448 putative N-glycoproteins 1155:1182 448 putative N-glycoproteins 1155:1182 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 109 from differences 1558:1568 arg1 structures 1577:1586 the structures 1573:1586 the structures of N-glycans 1573:1599 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24198434 7 110 theme recombinant 1895:1905 arg1 strategy 1918:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 4 111 theme stage 1005:1009 arg1 pericarp 1047:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp 992:1054 We describe here a comparative study of three mannose-binding lectins, concanavalin A, snowdrop lectin, and lentil lectin, to profile the N-glycoproteome of mature green stage tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit pericarp. 24198434 7 112 theme expression 1907:1916 arg1 strategy 1918:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy 1852:1925 We also demonstrated an alternative and complementary in planta recombinant expression strategy, followed by affinity MS analysis, to identify the putative N-glycan structures of glycoproteins whose abundance is too low to be readily determined by a shotgun approach, and/or combined with deglycosylation for predicted deamidated sites, using a xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase inhibitor protein as an example. 24198434 3 113 theme significant 514:524 arg1 benefit 526:532 a significant benefit 512:532 a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins 512:574 A multi-lectin approach has also been reported to provide a significant benefit for the analysis of plant N-glycoproteins; however, it has yet to be determined whether certain lectins, or combinations of lectins are optimal for plant N-glycoproteome profiling; or whether specific lectins show preferential association with particular N-glycosylation sites or N-glycan structures. 24198434 5 114 theme chromatography 1264:1277 arg1 analysis 1279:1286 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis 1193:1286 a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis 1193:1286 Through coupling lectin affinity chromatography with a shotgun proteomics strategy, we identified 448 putative N-glycoproteins, whereas a parallel lectin affinity chromatography plus hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis revealed 318 putative N-glycosylation sites on 230 N-glycoproteins, of which 100 overlapped with the shotgun analysis, as well as 17 N-glycan structures. 24198434 6 115 theme N-glycoproteome 1494:1508 arg1 coverage 1510:1517 N-glycoproteome coverage 1494:1517 N-glycoproteome coverage 1494:1517 The use of multiple lectins substantially increased N-glycoproteome coverage and although there were no discernible differences in the structures of N-glycans, or the charge, isoelectric point (pI) or hydrophobicity of the glycopeptides that differentially bound to each lectin, differences were observed in the amino acid frequency at the -1 and +1 subsites of the N-glycosylation sites. 24218211 5 0 from units 919:923 arg1 hydrolysate 939:949 the starch hydrolysate 928:949 the starch hydrolysate 928:949 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 4 1 theme glycosylated 815:826 arg1 protein 828:834 glycosylated protein 815:834 glycosylated protein 815:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 10 2 theme NMR 2019:2021 arg1 spectra 2023:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 10 3 theme amino 1888:1892 arg1 acids 1894:1898 16 amino acids 1885:1898 16 amino acids 1885:1898 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 10 4 from Techniques 1838:1847 arg1 spectra 2023:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 4 5 theme mannosyl 773:780 arg1 units 782:786 glucosyl and mannosyl units 760:786 units 782:786 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 6 6 theme multiplet 1137:1145 arg1 patterns 1147:1154 multiplet patterns 1137:1154 multiplet patterns that are directly related to the isotopomer abundances 1137:1209 The peak structures obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns that are directly related to the isotopomer abundances. 24218211 1 7 theme heteronuclear 122:134 arg1 H 112:112 [(1)H 108:112 [(1)H 108:112 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 7 theme heteronuclear 122:134 arg1 spectroscopy 170:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 4 8 theme present 788:794 arg1 acids 750:754 amino acids 744:754 amino acids 744:754 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 1 9 theme quantum 143:149 arg1 H 112:112 [(1)H 108:112 [(1)H 108:112 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 9 theme quantum 143:149 arg1 spectroscopy 170:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 5 10 from hydrolysate 965:975 arg1 hydrolysate 939:949 the starch hydrolysate 928:949 the starch hydrolysate 928:949 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 6 11 theme isotopomer 1189:1198 arg1 abundances 1200:1209 the isotopomer abundances 1185:1209 the isotopomer abundances 1185:1209 The peak structures obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns that are directly related to the isotopomer abundances. 24218211 10 12 theme protein 1923:1929 arg1 hydrolysate 1931:1941 protein hydrolysate 1923:1941 protein hydrolysate 1923:1941 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 9 13 theme detailed 1685:1692 arg1 procedures 1694:1703 detailed procedures 1685:1703 the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1606:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 4 14 theme adjacent 660:667 arg1 atoms 676:680 adjacent carbon atoms 660:680 adjacent carbon atoms 660:680 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 3 15 theme single 575:580 arg1 spectrum 595:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 2 16 theme multiple 434:441 arg1 compartments 452:463 multiple cellular compartments 434:463 multiple cellular compartments 434:463 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 8 17 theme carbohydrate 1463:1474 arg1 sources 1489:1495 carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1463:1495 sources 1489:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 10 18 theme glucosyl 1951:1958 arg1 units 1960:1964 the glucosyl units 1947:1964 the glucosyl units 1947:1964 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 9 19 theme hydrolysis 1713:1722 arg1 procedures 1694:1703 detailed procedures 1685:1703 the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1606:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 19 theme hydrolysis 1713:1722 arg1 composition 1618:1628 the biomass composition 1606:1628 the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1606:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 0 20 from techniques 23:32 arg1 analysis 52:59 metabolic flux analysis I 37:61 metabolic flux analysis I 37:61 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 10 21 theme soybean 1991:1997 arg1 embryos 1999:2005 soybean embryos 1991:2005 soybean embryos 1991:2005 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 0 22 theme magnetic 72:79 arg1 resonance 81:89 nuclear magnetic resonance 64:89 nuclear magnetic resonance 64:89 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 4 23 from hydrolysates 799:810 arg1 present 788:794 present 788:794 present 788:794 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 1 24 theme C 119:119 arg1 H 112:112 [(1)H 108:112 [(1)H 108:112 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 24 theme C 119:119 arg1 spectroscopy 170:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 9 25 theme protein 1727:1733 arg1 samples 1746:1752 protein and starch samples 1727:1752 samples 1746:1752 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 1 26 dep H 112:112 arg1 1 110:110 1 110:110 1 110:110 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 10 27 theme hydrolysate 1976:1986 arg1 units 1960:1964 the glucosyl units 1947:1964 the glucosyl units 1947:1964 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 10 27 theme hydrolysate 1976:1986 arg1 units 1913:1917 glucosyl units 1904:1917 glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate 1904:1941 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 10 27 theme hydrolysate 1976:1986 arg1 Techniques 1838:1847 Techniques 1838:1847 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1838:1898 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 4 28 from present 788:794 arg1 hydrolysates 799:810 hydrolysates 799:810 hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 799:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 9 29 theme starch 1739:1744 arg1 samples 1746:1752 protein and starch samples 1727:1752 samples 1746:1752 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 4 30 theme individual 713:722 arg1 atoms 731:735 individual carbon atoms 713:735 individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 713:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 2 31 theme extensive 335:343 arg1 measurements 356:367 extensive isotopomer measurements 335:367 extensive isotopomer measurements 335:367 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 5 32 theme starch 932:937 arg1 hydrolysate 939:949 the starch hydrolysate 928:949 the starch hydrolysate 928:949 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 4 33 theme atoms 676:680 arg1 patterns 648:655 the labeling patterns 635:655 the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms 635:680 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 0 34 theme Isotopomer 0:9 arg1 techniques 23:32 Isotopomer measurement techniques 0:32 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I 0:61 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 1 35 theme Two-dimensional 92:106 arg1 tool 235:238 a comprehensive tool 219:238 a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 219:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 35 theme Two-dimensional 92:106 arg1 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 35 theme Two-dimensional 92:106 arg1 resonance 200:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance 92:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 92:214 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 9 36 theme sample 1762:1767 arg1 preparation 1769:1779 NMR sample preparation 1758:1779 NMR sample preparation 1758:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 4 37 theme acids 750:754 arg1 atoms 731:735 individual carbon atoms 713:735 individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 713:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 5 38 theme glucosyl 910:917 arg1 units 919:923 the glucosyl units 906:923 the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate 906:949 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 8 39 theme stoichiometric 1371:1384 arg1 model 1386:1390 a stoichiometric model 1369:1390 a stoichiometric model 1369:1390 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 0 40 theme metabolic 37:45 arg1 analysis 52:59 metabolic flux analysis I 37:61 metabolic flux analysis I 37:61 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 1 41 theme metabolic 243:251 arg1 analysis 258:265 metabolic flux analysis 243:265 metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 243:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 10 42 from units 1960:1964 arg1 spectra 2023:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 9 43 theme soybean 1788:1794 arg1 system 1830:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 43 theme soybean 1788:1794 arg1 culture 1803:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 3 44 theme HSQC 586:589 arg1 spectrum 595:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 4 45 theme glucosyl 760:767 arg1 units 782:786 glucosyl and mannosyl units 760:786 units 782:786 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 5 46 theme biomass 986:992 arg1 hydrolysate 965:975 a protein hydrolysate 955:975 a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass 955:992 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 5 46 theme biomass 986:992 arg1 units 919:923 the glucosyl units 906:923 the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate 906:949 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 10 47 theme HSQC 2014:2017 arg1 spectra 2023:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 8 48 theme biomass 1406:1412 arg1 data 1426:1429 biomass composition data 1406:1429 biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1406:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 9 49 theme samples 1746:1752 arg1 hydrolysis 1713:1722 acid hydrolysis 1708:1722 acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1708:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 1 50 theme magnetic 191:198 arg1 tool 235:238 a comprehensive tool 219:238 a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 219:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 50 theme magnetic 191:198 arg1 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 50 theme magnetic 191:198 arg1 resonance 200:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance 92:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 92:214 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 5 51 theme protein 957:963 arg1 hydrolysate 965:975 a protein hydrolysate 955:975 a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass 955:992 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 9 52 theme plant 1824:1828 arg1 system 1830:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 52 theme plant 1824:1828 arg1 culture 1803:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 8 53 theme nitrogen 1480:1487 arg1 sources 1489:1495 carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1463:1495 sources 1489:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 1 54 from tool 235:238 arg1 analysis 258:265 metabolic flux analysis 243:265 metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 243:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 3 55 theme isotope 474:480 arg1 isotopomers 491:501 isotopomers 491:501 isotopomers 491:501 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 3 55 theme isotope 474:480 arg1 isomers 482:488 Several isotope isomers 466:488 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) 466:502 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 9 56 theme embryo 1796:1801 arg1 system 1830:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 56 theme embryo 1796:1801 arg1 culture 1803:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 57 theme soluble 1647:1653 arg1 sugar 1655:1659 soluble sugar 1647:1659 soluble sugar 1647:1659 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 58 dep determination 1589:1601 arg1 i.e. 1583:1586 i.e. 1583:1586 i.e. 1583:1586 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 1 59 theme single 136:141 arg1 H 112:112 [(1)H 108:112 [(1)H 108:112 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 59 theme single 136:141 arg1 spectroscopy 170:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 4 60 theme units 782:786 arg1 atoms 731:735 individual carbon atoms 713:735 individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 713:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 6 61 theme HSQC 1116:1119 arg1 experiment 1121:1130 the HSQC experiment 1112:1130 the HSQC experiment 1112:1130 The peak structures obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns that are directly related to the isotopomer abundances. 24218211 10 62 theme glucosyl 1904:1911 arg1 units 1913:1917 glucosyl units 1904:1917 glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate 1904:1941 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 1 63 theme correlation 151:161 arg1 H 112:112 [(1)H 108:112 [(1)H 108:112 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 63 theme correlation 151:161 arg1 spectroscopy 170:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 5 64 theme HSQC 841:844 arg1 analysis 846:853 The HSQC analysis 837:853 The HSQC analysis 837:853 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 9 65 dep composition 1618:1628 arg1 protein 1638:1644 protein 1638:1644 protein 1638:1644 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 65 dep composition 1618:1628 arg1 sugar 1655:1659 soluble sugar 1647:1659 soluble sugar 1647:1659 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 65 dep composition 1618:1628 arg1 lipid 1631:1635 lipid 1631:1635 lipid 1631:1635 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 65 dep composition 1618:1628 arg1 starch 1666:1671 starch 1666:1671 starch 1666:1671 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 10 66 theme acids 1894:1898 arg1 intensity 1872:1880 the relative intensity 1859:1880 the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1859:1898 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 4 67 gly glycosylated 815:826 arg1 protein 828:834 glycosylated protein 815:834 glycosylated protein 815:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 4 68 dep acids 750:754 arg1 the 740:742 the 740:742 the 740:742 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 8 69 theme consumption 1442:1452 arg1 rates 1454:1458 consumption rates 1442:1458 biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1406:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 7 70 contain have 1229:1232 arg2 relationship 1246:1257 a nonlinear relationship 1234:1257 a nonlinear relationship to the fluxes via isotopomer balancing 1234:1296 These abundances have a nonlinear relationship to the fluxes via isotopomer balancing. 24218211 7 70 contain have 1229:1232 arg1 abundances 1218:1227 These abundances 1212:1227 These abundances 1212:1227 These abundances have a nonlinear relationship to the fluxes via isotopomer balancing. 24218211 4 71 theme protein 828:834 arg1 hydrolysates 799:810 hydrolysates 799:810 hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 799:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 4 72 theme labeling 639:646 arg1 patterns 648:655 the labeling patterns 635:655 the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms 635:680 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 4 73 theme atoms 731:735 arg1 enrichment 699:708 the enrichment 695:708 the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 695:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 1 74 theme H 112:112 arg1 tool 235:238 a comprehensive tool 219:238 a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 219:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 74 theme H 112:112 arg1 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 74 theme H 112:112 arg1 resonance 200:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance 92:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 92:214 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 9 75 theme procedures 1694:1703 arg1 determination 1589:1601 determination 1589:1601 determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1589:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 7 76 theme nonlinear 1236:1244 arg1 relationship 1246:1257 a nonlinear relationship 1234:1257 a nonlinear relationship to the fluxes via isotopomer balancing 1234:1296 These abundances have a nonlinear relationship to the fluxes via isotopomer balancing. 24218211 0 77 theme nuclear 64:70 arg1 resonance 81:89 nuclear magnetic resonance 64:89 nuclear magnetic resonance 64:89 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 5 78 theme crucial 1010:1016 arg1 information 1018:1028 crucial information 1010:1028 crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system 1010:1075 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 9 79 theme acid 1708:1711 arg1 hydrolysis 1713:1722 acid hydrolysis 1708:1722 acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1708:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 8 80 theme sources 1489:1495 arg1 rates 1454:1458 consumption rates 1442:1458 biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1406:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 8 80 theme sources 1489:1495 arg1 data 1426:1429 biomass composition data 1406:1429 biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1406:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 4 81 theme 2-D 618:620 arg1 HSQC 622:625 2-D HSQC 618:625 2-D HSQC 618:625 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 5 82 from compartmentalization 1036:1055 arg1 system 1070:1075 the plant system 1060:1075 the plant system 1060:1075 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 1 83 theme C-labeling 277:286 arg1 experiments 288:298 (13)C-labeling experiments 273:298 (13)C-labeling experiments 273:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 10 84 from units 1913:1917 arg1 spectra 2023:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 4 85 attach present 788:794 arg1 hydrolysates 799:810 hydrolysates 799:810 hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 799:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 4 85 attach present 788:794 arg2 acids 750:754 amino acids 744:754 amino acids 744:754 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 10 86 theme starch 1969:1974 arg1 hydrolysate 1976:1986 starch hydrolysate 1969:1986 starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos 1969:2005 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 5 87 theme plant 1064:1068 arg1 system 1070:1075 the plant system 1060:1075 the plant system 1060:1075 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 2 88 theme cellular 443:450 arg1 compartments 452:463 multiple cellular compartments 434:463 multiple cellular compartments 434:463 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 8 89 theme numerical 1328:1336 arg1 solution 1338:1345 the numerical solution 1324:1345 the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1324:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 0 90 theme measurement 11:21 arg1 techniques 23:32 Isotopomer measurement techniques 0:32 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I 0:61 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 0 91 dep resonance 81:89 arg1 techniques 23:32 Isotopomer measurement techniques 0:32 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I 0:61 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 9 92 theme NMR 1758:1760 arg1 preparation 1769:1779 NMR sample preparation 1758:1779 NMR sample preparation 1758:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 4 93 theme carbon 669:674 arg1 atoms 676:680 adjacent carbon atoms 660:680 adjacent carbon atoms 660:680 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 1 94 theme comprehensive 221:233 arg1 tool 235:238 a comprehensive tool 219:238 a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 219:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 94 theme comprehensive 221:233 arg1 resonance 200:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance 92:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 92:214 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 9 95 theme flux 1568:1571 arg1 analysis 1573:1580 flux analysis 1568:1580 flux analysis 1568:1580 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 7 96 theme isotopomer 1277:1286 arg1 balancing 1288:1296 isotopomer balancing 1277:1296 isotopomer balancing 1277:1296 These abundances have a nonlinear relationship to the fluxes via isotopomer balancing. 24218211 9 97 theme preparation 1769:1779 arg1 hydrolysis 1713:1722 acid hydrolysis 1708:1722 acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1708:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 3 98 theme NMR 591:593 arg1 spectrum 595:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 8 99 theme balances 1356:1363 arg1 solution 1338:1345 the numerical solution 1324:1345 the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1324:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 0 100 theme flux 47:50 arg1 analysis 52:59 metabolic flux analysis I 37:61 metabolic flux analysis I 37:61 Isotopomer measurement techniques in metabolic flux analysis I: nuclear magnetic resonance. 24218211 1 101 theme HSQC 164:167 arg1 H 112:112 [(1)H 108:112 [(1)H 108:112 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 101 theme HSQC 164:167 arg1 spectroscopy 170:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy 115:181 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 10 102 theme embryos 1999:2005 arg1 hydrolysate 1976:1986 starch hydrolysate 1969:1986 starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos 1969:2005 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 3 103 theme 2-D 582:584 arg1 spectrum 595:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum 573:602 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 4 104 theme amino 744:748 arg1 acids 750:754 amino acids 744:754 amino acids 744:754 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 2 105 theme isotopomer 345:354 arg1 measurements 356:367 extensive isotopomer measurements 335:367 extensive isotopomer measurements 335:367 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 1 106 theme flux 253:256 arg1 analysis 258:265 metabolic flux analysis 243:265 metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 243:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 5 107 theme plant 980:984 arg1 biomass 986:992 plant biomass 980:992 plant biomass 980:992 The HSQC analysis can quantitatively distinguish differences between the glucosyl units in the starch hydrolysate and a protein hydrolysate of plant biomass: this specifies crucial information about compartmentalization in the plant system. 24218211 2 108 theme plant 395:399 arg1 cells 401:405 plant cells 395:405 plant cells 395:405 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 8 109 theme model 1386:1390 arg1 solution 1338:1345 the numerical solution 1324:1345 the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1324:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 2 110 contain contain 426:432 arg1 cells 401:405 plant cells 395:405 plant cells 395:405 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 2 110 contain contain 426:432 arg2 compartments 452:463 multiple cellular compartments 434:463 multiple cellular compartments 434:463 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 2 110 contain contain 426:432 arg1 tissues 411:417 tissues 411:417 tissues 411:417 NMR is particularly relevant when extensive isotopomer measurements are required, such as for plant cells and tissues, which contain multiple cellular compartments. 24218211 9 111 theme composition 1618:1628 arg1 determination 1589:1601 determination 1589:1601 determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1589:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 6 112 theme peak 1082:1085 arg1 structures 1087:1096 The peak structures 1078:1096 The peak structures obtained from the HSQC experiment 1078:1130 The peak structures obtained from the HSQC experiment show multiplet patterns that are directly related to the isotopomer abundances. 24218211 10 113 theme 2-D 2010:2012 arg1 spectra 2023:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 2-D HSQC NMR spectra 2010:2029 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 9 114 theme experimental 1538:1549 arg1 measurements 1551:1562 the experimental measurements 1534:1562 the experimental measurements 1534:1562 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 4 115 theme carbon 724:729 arg1 atoms 731:735 individual carbon atoms 713:735 individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein 713:834 For example, 2-D HSQC detects the labeling patterns of adjacent carbon atoms and provides the enrichment of individual carbon atoms of the amino acids and glucosyl and mannosyl units present in hydrolysates of glycosylated protein. 24218211 1 116 theme nuclear 183:189 arg1 tool 235:238 a comprehensive tool 219:238 a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments 219:298 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 116 theme nuclear 183:189 arg1 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 NMR 211:213 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 1 116 theme nuclear 183:189 arg1 resonance 200:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance 92:208 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 92:214 Two-dimensional [(1)H, (13)C] heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a comprehensive tool in metabolic flux analysis using (13)C-labeling experiments. 24218211 9 117 theme biomass 1610:1616 arg1 composition 1618:1628 the biomass composition 1606:1628 the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation 1606:1779 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 118 theme model 1818:1822 arg1 system 1830:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 the model plant system 1814:1835 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 9 118 theme model 1818:1822 arg1 culture 1803:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 soybean embryo culture 1788:1809 Herein, we describe the methods for the experimental measurements for flux analysis, i.e., determination of the biomass composition (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, and starch) as well as detailed procedures of acid hydrolysis of protein and starch samples and NMR sample preparation, using soybean embryo culture as the model plant system. 24218211 10 119 dep Techniques 1838:1847 arg1 obtain 1852:1857 obtain 1852:1857 to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1849:1898 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 10 120 theme relative 1863:1870 arg1 intensity 1872:1880 the relative intensity 1859:1880 the relative intensity of 16 amino acids 1859:1898 Techniques to obtain the relative intensity of 16 amino acids and glucosyl units for protein hydrolysate and the glucosyl units of starch hydrolysate of soybean embryos in 2-D HSQC NMR spectra also are provided. 24218211 8 121 theme composition 1414:1424 arg1 data 1426:1429 biomass composition data 1406:1429 biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources 1406:1495 Fluxes are obtained from the numerical solution of these balances and a stoichiometric model that includes biomass composition data as well as consumption rates of carbohydrate and nitrogen sources. 24218211 3 122 theme Several 466:472 arg1 isotopomers 491:501 isotopomers 491:501 isotopomers 491:501 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 24218211 3 122 theme Several 466:472 arg1 isomers 482:488 Several isotope isomers 466:488 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) 466:502 Several isotope isomers (isotopomers) can be detected and their distribution extracted quantitatively from a single 2-D HSQC NMR spectrum. 26943931 10 0 from presence 1491:1498 arg1 chain 1557:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 13 1 theme potential 1921:1929 arg1 use 1931:1933 potential use 1921:1933 potential use of the IgE isotype 1921:1952 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 10 2 theme glyco-proteomic 1455:1469 arg1 analyses 1471:1478 glyco-proteomic analyses 1455:1478 glyco-proteomic analyses 1455:1478 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 3 3 theme effector 541:548 arg1 functions 550:558 effector functions 541:558 effector functions 541:558 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 8 4 from medium 1231:1236 arg1 Purification 1202:1213 Purification 1202:1213 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods 1202:1282 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 11 5 theme biological 1603:1612 arg1 activity 1614:1621 a biological activity 1601:1621 a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells 1601:1680 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 2 6 theme target 281:286 arg1 structures 288:297 target structures 281:297 target structures 281:297 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 8 7 theme free 1226:1229 arg1 medium 1231:1236 serum free medium 1220:1236 serum free medium using different downstream processing methods 1220:1282 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 6 8 theme low 952:954 arg1 yield 956:960 often low yield 946:960 often low yield 946:960 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 1 9 theme increased 174:182 arg1 levels 184:189 increased levels 174:189 increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 174:231 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens is often associated with increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE. 26943931 11 10 theme rIgE 1630:1633 arg1 activity 1614:1621 a biological activity 1601:1621 a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells 1601:1680 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 8 11 theme downstream 1254:1263 arg1 methods 1276:1282 different downstream processing methods 1244:1282 different downstream processing methods 1244:1282 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 0 12 from form 74:77 arg1 cells 95:99 lepidopteran cells 82:99 lepidopteran cells 82:99 Human IgE is efficiently produced in glycosylated and biologically active form in lepidopteran cells. 26943931 1 13 theme affinity 220:227 arg1 IgE 229:231 antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 194:231 antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 194:231 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens is often associated with increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE. 26943931 8 14 theme large 1293:1297 arg1 rIgE 1310:1313 rIgE 1310:1313 rIgE 1310:1313 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 8 14 theme large 1293:1297 arg1 amounts 1299:1305 large amounts 1293:1305 large amounts of rIgE 1293:1313 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 6 15 theme glycosylation 981:993 arg1 pattern 995:1001 a more complex glycosylation pattern 966:1001 a more complex glycosylation pattern 966:1001 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 11 16 theme Mediator 1564:1571 arg1 assays 1581:1586 Mediator release assays 1564:1586 Mediator release assays 1564:1586 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 7 17 theme Recombinant 1096:1106 arg1 IgE 1108:1110 Recombinant IgE 1096:1110 Recombinant IgE (rIgE) 1096:1117 Recombinant IgE (rIgE) was efficiently assembled and secreted into the supernatant in yields of >30 mg/L. 26943931 7 17 theme Recombinant 1096:1106 arg1 rIgE 1113:1116 rIgE 1113:1116 rIgE 1113:1116 Recombinant IgE (rIgE) was efficiently assembled and secreted into the supernatant in yields of >30 mg/L. 26943931 12 18 theme biological 1808:1817 arg1 activity 1819:1826 biological activity 1808:1826 biological activity 1808:1826 In summary the expression in insect cells provides rIgE with variant glycosylation pattern, but retained characteristics and biological activity. 26943931 6 19 theme insect 1082:1087 arg1 cells 1089:1093 insect cells 1082:1093 insect cells 1082:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 5 20 theme extensive 786:794 arg1 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 5 20 theme extensive 786:794 arg1 modifications 814:826 the extensive posttranslational modifications 782:826 the extensive posttranslational modifications 782:826 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 9 21 theme specific 1340:1347 arg1 interaction 1349:1359 a highly specific interaction 1331:1359 a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI 1331:1440 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 6 22 theme isotype 1071:1077 arg1 production 1034:1043 the recombinant production 1018:1043 the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells 1018:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 10 23 theme type 1521:1524 arg1 N-glycans 1526:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 5 24 theme systems 721:727 arg1 capacity 698:705 The capacity 694:705 The capacity of expression systems 694:727 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 6 25 theme complex 1059:1065 arg1 isotype 1071:1077 the highly complex IgE isotype 1048:1077 the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells 1048:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 6 26 from cells 1089:1093 arg1 production 1034:1043 the recombinant production 1018:1043 the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells 1018:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 9 27 with interaction 1349:1359 arg1 FcεRI 1436:1440 the FcεRI 1432:1440 the FcεRI 1432:1440 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 9 27 with interaction 1349:1359 arg1 antigen 1370:1376 its antigen 1366:1376 its antigen 1366:1376 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 9 27 with interaction 1349:1359 arg1 receptor 1422:1429 its high affinity receptor 1404:1429 its high affinity receptor 1404:1429 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 9 27 with interaction 1349:1359 arg1 anti-IgE 1391:1398 therapeutic anti-IgE 1379:1398 therapeutic anti-IgE 1379:1398 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 0 28 theme lepidopteran 82:93 arg1 cells 95:99 lepidopteran cells 82:99 lepidopteran cells 82:99 Human IgE is efficiently produced in glycosylated and biologically active form in lepidopteran cells. 26943931 10 29 theme epsilon 1543:1549 arg1 chain 1557:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 11 30 attach derived 1653:1659 arg2 IgE 1649:1651 IgE 1649:1651 IgE derived from mammalian cells 1649:1680 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 11 30 attach derived 1653:1659 arg1 cells 1676:1680 mammalian cells 1666:1680 mammalian cells 1666:1680 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 9 31 theme therapeutic 1379:1389 arg1 anti-IgE 1391:1398 therapeutic anti-IgE 1379:1398 therapeutic anti-IgE 1379:1398 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 12 32 theme variant 1744:1750 arg1 pattern 1766:1772 variant glycosylation pattern 1744:1772 variant glycosylation pattern 1744:1772 In summary the expression in insect cells provides rIgE with variant glycosylation pattern, but retained characteristics and biological activity. 26943931 0 33 theme Human 0:4 arg1 IgE 6:8 Human IgE 0:8 Human IgE 0:8 Human IgE is efficiently produced in glycosylated and biologically active form in lepidopteran cells. 26943931 4 34 theme antibody 587:594 arg1 technologies 596:607 antibody technologies 587:607 antibody technologies 587:607 Despite large progress in antibody technologies, however, the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE still is scarce. 26943931 2 35 dep IgE 352:354 arg1 isotype 386:392 a mechanistically outstanding isotype 356:392 IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype 352:392 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 3 36 theme peculiarities 478:490 arg1 functions 550:558 effector functions 541:558 effector functions 541:558 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 3 36 theme peculiarities 478:490 arg1 structure 502:510 structure 502:510 structure 502:510 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 3 36 theme peculiarities 478:490 arg1 glycosylation 523:535 extensive glycosylation 513:535 extensive glycosylation 513:535 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 3 36 theme peculiarities 478:490 arg1 peculiarities 478:490 peculiarities 478:490 peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions 478:558 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 3 36 theme peculiarities 478:490 arg1 variety 467:473 a variety 465:473 a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions 465:558 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 9 37 theme high 1408:1411 arg1 receptor 1422:1429 its high affinity receptor 1404:1429 its high affinity receptor 1404:1429 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 9 37 theme high 1408:1411 arg1 FcεRI 1436:1440 the FcεRI 1432:1440 the FcεRI 1432:1440 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 1 38 theme TH2-biased 102:111 arg1 immunity 113:120 TH2-biased immunity 102:120 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens 102:147 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens is often associated with increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE. 26943931 3 39 theme serum 429:433 arg1 isotype 444:450 the least abundant serum antibody isotype 410:450 the least abundant serum antibody isotype 410:450 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 13 40 theme IgE 1942:1944 arg1 isotype 1946:1952 the IgE isotype 1938:1952 the IgE isotype 1938:1952 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 4 41 from progress 575:582 arg1 technologies 596:607 antibody technologies 587:607 antibody technologies 587:607 Despite large progress in antibody technologies, however, the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE still is scarce. 26943931 6 42 theme mammalian 912:920 arg1 systems 933:939 mammalian expression systems 912:939 mammalian expression systems with often low yield 912:960 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 3 43 theme extensive 513:521 arg1 glycosylation 523:535 extensive glycosylation 513:535 extensive glycosylation 513:535 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 6 44 from production 1034:1043 arg1 cells 1089:1093 insect cells 1082:1093 insect cells 1082:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 4 45 dep such 665:668 arg1 as 670:671 as 670:671 as 670:671 Despite large progress in antibody technologies, however, the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE still is scarce. 26943931 1 46 theme IgE 229:231 arg1 levels 184:189 increased levels 174:189 increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 174:231 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens is often associated with increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE. 26943931 13 47 theme structural 1898:1907 arg1 aspects 1909:1915 functional and structural aspects 1883:1915 functional and structural aspects 1883:1915 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 6 48 theme complex 973:979 arg1 pattern 995:1001 a more complex glycosylation pattern 966:1001 a more complex glycosylation pattern 966:1001 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 2 49 theme structures 288:297 arg1 amounts 270:276 minute amounts 263:276 minute amounts of target structures 263:297 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 2 49 theme structures 288:297 arg1 structures 288:297 target structures 281:297 target structures 281:297 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 4 50 theme recombinant 623:633 arg1 scarce 686:691 scarce 686:691 scarce 686:691 Despite large progress in antibody technologies, however, the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE still is scarce. 26943931 4 50 theme recombinant 623:633 arg1 access 635:640 the recombinant access 619:640 the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE 619:675 Despite large progress in antibody technologies, however, the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE still is scarce. 26943931 13 51 theme functional 1883:1892 arg1 aspects 1909:1915 functional and structural aspects 1883:1915 functional and structural aspects 1883:1915 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 8 52 theme serum 1220:1224 arg1 medium 1231:1236 serum free medium 1220:1236 serum free medium using different downstream processing methods 1220:1282 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 2 53 theme severe 314:319 arg1 reactions 334:342 severe anaphylactic reactions 314:342 severe anaphylactic reactions 314:342 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 10 54 theme insect 1514:1519 arg1 N-glycans 1526:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 11 55 theme comparable 1635:1644 arg1 rIgE 1630:1633 the rIgE 1626:1633 the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells 1626:1680 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 1 56 theme antigen-specific 194:209 arg1 IgE 229:231 antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 194:231 antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 194:231 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens is often associated with increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE. 26943931 8 57 theme different 1244:1252 arg1 methods 1276:1282 different downstream processing methods 1244:1282 different downstream processing methods 1244:1282 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 6 58 theme recombinant 1022:1032 arg1 production 1034:1043 the recombinant production 1018:1043 the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells 1018:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 12 59 from expression 1698:1707 arg1 cells 1719:1723 insect cells 1712:1723 insect cells 1712:1723 In summary the expression in insect cells provides rIgE with variant glycosylation pattern, but retained characteristics and biological activity. 26943931 8 60 theme rIgE 1310:1313 arg1 rIgE 1310:1313 rIgE 1310:1313 rIgE 1310:1313 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 8 60 theme rIgE 1310:1313 arg1 amounts 1299:1305 large amounts 1293:1305 large amounts of rIgE 1293:1313 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 1 61 theme high 215:218 arg1 IgE 229:231 antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 194:231 antigen-specific and high affinity IgE 194:231 TH2-biased immunity to parasites and allergens is often associated with increased levels of antigen-specific and high affinity IgE. 26943931 8 62 theme processing 1265:1274 arg1 methods 1276:1282 different downstream processing methods 1244:1282 different downstream processing methods 1244:1282 Purification from serum free medium using different downstream processing methods provided large amounts of rIgE. 26943931 10 63 theme prototypic 1503:1512 arg1 N-glycans 1526:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 5 64 theme expression 710:719 arg1 systems 721:727 expression systems 710:727 expression systems 710:727 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 2 65 theme minute 263:268 arg1 amounts 270:276 minute amounts 263:276 minute amounts of target structures 263:297 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 2 65 theme minute 263:268 arg1 structures 288:297 target structures 281:297 target structures 281:297 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 10 66 attach presence 1491:1498 arg2 N-glycans 1526:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 prototypic insect type N-glycans 1503:1534 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 10 66 attach presence 1491:1498 arg1 chain 1557:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 0 67 theme active 67:72 arg1 form 74:77 biologically active form 54:77 biologically active form in lepidopteran cells 54:99 Human IgE is efficiently produced in glycosylated and biologically active form in lepidopteran cells. 26943931 5 68 theme structural 753:762 arg1 conformations 764:776 the complex structural conformations 741:776 the complex structural conformations 741:776 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 5 68 theme structural 753:762 arg1 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 5 69 theme posttranslational 796:812 arg1 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 5 69 theme posttranslational 796:812 arg1 modifications 814:826 the extensive posttranslational modifications 782:826 the extensive posttranslational modifications 782:826 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 12 70 theme glycosylation 1752:1764 arg1 pattern 1766:1772 variant glycosylation pattern 1744:1772 variant glycosylation pattern 1744:1772 In summary the expression in insect cells provides rIgE with variant glycosylation pattern, but retained characteristics and biological activity. 26943931 6 71 theme IgE 1067:1069 arg1 isotype 1071:1077 the highly complex IgE isotype 1048:1077 the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells 1048:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 6 72 from isotype 1071:1077 arg1 cells 1089:1093 insect cells 1082:1093 insect cells 1082:1093 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 11 73 theme release 1573:1579 arg1 assays 1581:1586 Mediator release assays 1564:1586 Mediator release assays 1564:1586 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 5 74 theme complex 745:751 arg1 conformations 764:776 the complex structural conformations 741:776 the complex structural conformations 741:776 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 5 74 theme complex 745:751 arg1 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 indispensable 837:849 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 13 75 theme isotype 1946:1952 arg1 aspects 1909:1915 functional and structural aspects 1883:1915 functional and structural aspects 1883:1915 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 13 75 theme isotype 1946:1952 arg1 use 1931:1933 potential use 1921:1933 potential use of the IgE isotype 1921:1952 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 5 76 theme biological 855:864 arg1 activity 866:873 biological activity 855:873 biological activity 855:873 The capacity of expression systems has to meet the complex structural conformations and the extensive posttranslational modifications that are indispensable for biological activity. 26943931 6 77 with systems 933:939 arg1 yield 956:960 often low yield 946:960 often low yield 946:960 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 10 78 theme N-glycans 1526:1534 arg1 presence 1491:1498 the presence 1487:1498 the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain 1487:1561 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 13 79 theme use 1931:1933 arg1 understanding 1866:1878 the understanding 1862:1878 the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype 1862:1952 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 7 80 theme mg/L 1196:1199 arg1 yields 1182:1187 yields 1182:1187 yields of >30 mg/L 1182:1199 Recombinant IgE (rIgE) was efficiently assembled and secreted into the supernatant in yields of >30 mg/L. 26943931 9 81 theme affinity 1413:1420 arg1 receptor 1422:1429 its high affinity receptor 1404:1429 its high affinity receptor 1404:1429 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 9 81 theme affinity 1413:1420 arg1 FcεRI 1436:1440 the FcεRI 1432:1440 the FcεRI 1432:1440 This exhibited a highly specific interaction with its antigen, therapeutic anti-IgE and its high affinity receptor, the FcεRI. 26943931 6 82 theme expression 922:931 arg1 systems 933:939 mammalian expression systems 912:939 mammalian expression systems with often low yield 912:960 In order to provide alternatives to mammalian expression systems with often low yield and a more complex glycosylation pattern we established the recombinant production of the highly complex IgE isotype in insect cells. 26943931 12 83 theme insect 1712:1717 arg1 cells 1719:1723 insect cells 1712:1723 insect cells 1712:1723 In summary the expression in insect cells provides rIgE with variant glycosylation pattern, but retained characteristics and biological activity. 26943931 3 84 theme antibody 435:442 arg1 isotype 444:450 the least abundant serum antibody isotype 410:450 the least abundant serum antibody isotype 410:450 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 4 85 theme large 569:573 arg1 progress 575:582 large progress 569:582 large progress in antibody technologies 569:607 Despite large progress in antibody technologies, however, the recombinant access to isotypes beyond IgG such as IgE still is scarce. 26943931 10 86 theme heavy 1551:1555 arg1 chain 1557:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 the epsilon heavy chain 1539:1561 Lectins and glyco-proteomic analyses proved the presence of prototypic insect type N-glycans on the epsilon heavy chain. 26943931 11 87 theme mammalian 1666:1674 arg1 cells 1676:1680 mammalian cells 1666:1680 mammalian cells 1666:1680 Mediator release assays demonstrated a biological activity of the rIgE comparable to IgE derived from mammalian cells. 26943931 12 88 with rIgE 1734:1737 arg1 pattern 1766:1772 variant glycosylation pattern 1744:1772 variant glycosylation pattern 1744:1772 In summary the expression in insect cells provides rIgE with variant glycosylation pattern, but retained characteristics and biological activity. 26943931 3 89 theme abundant 420:427 arg1 isotype 444:450 the least abundant serum antibody isotype 410:450 the least abundant serum antibody isotype 410:450 IgE represents the least abundant serum antibody isotype and exhibits a variety of peculiarities including structure, extensive glycosylation and effector functions. 26943931 2 90 theme anaphylactic 321:332 arg1 reactions 334:342 severe anaphylactic reactions 314:342 severe anaphylactic reactions 314:342 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 26943931 13 91 theme aspects 1909:1915 arg1 understanding 1866:1878 the understanding 1862:1878 the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype 1862:1952 Therefore our data contribute to the understanding of functional and structural aspects and potential use of the IgE isotype. 26943931 2 92 theme outstanding 374:384 arg1 isotype 386:392 a mechanistically outstanding isotype 356:392 IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype 352:392 The role in reacting against minute amounts of target structures and to provoke severe anaphylactic reactions renders IgE a mechanistically outstanding isotype. 27241276 9 0 from accumulation 1295:1306 arg1 fuct-1 1336:1341 fuct-1 1336:1341 fuct-1 1336:1341 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 4 1 from filling 726:732 arg1 grains 767:772 chalky grains 760:772 chalky grains with abnormal shape 760:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 4 2 theme larger 646:651 arg1 angle 660:664 a larger tiller angle 644:664 a larger tiller angle 644:664 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 9 3 theme shoot 1327:1331 arg1 base 1315:1318 the base 1311:1318 the base of the shoot 1311:1331 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 0 4 theme auxin 73:77 arg1 transport 79:87 basipetal auxin transport 63:87 basipetal auxin transport 63:87 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 9 5 theme reduced 1364:1370 arg1 response 1384:1391 the reduced gravitropic response 1360:1391 the reduced gravitropic response 1360:1391 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 3 6 theme Biochemical 453:463 arg1 analyses 465:472 Biochemical analyses 453:472 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure 453:498 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 9 7 theme increased 1401:1409 arg1 angle 1418:1422 the increased tiller angle 1397:1422 the increased tiller angle 1397:1422 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 1 8 theme asparagine-linked 232:248 arg1 GlcNAc 250:255 asparagine-linked GlcNAc 232:255 asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi 232:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 0 9 theme gravitropic 93:103 arg1 response 105:112 gravitropic response 93:112 gravitropic response 93:112 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 6 10 from fuct-1 958:963 arg1 Restoration 918:928 Restoration 918:928 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation 918:982 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 3 11 theme structure 490:498 arg1 analyses 465:472 Biochemical analyses 453:472 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure 453:498 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 4 12 with grains 767:772 arg1 shape 788:792 abnormal shape 779:792 abnormal shape 779:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 6 13 from angle 949:953 arg1 fuct-1 958:963 fuct-1 958:963 fuct-1 958:963 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 9 14 theme auxin 1289:1293 arg1 accumulation 1295:1306 low auxin accumulation 1285:1306 low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 1285:1341 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 5 15 theme similar 833:839 arg1 abnormalities 855:867 similar developmental abnormalities 833:867 similar developmental abnormalities 833:867 The mutant allele fuct-2 gave rise to similar developmental abnormalities, although they were milder than those of fuct-1. 27241276 2 16 dep mutants 397:403 arg1 fuct-2 417:422 fuct-2 417:422 fuct-2 417:422 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 2 16 dep mutants 397:403 arg1 fuct-1 406:411 fuct-1 406:411 fuct-1 406:411 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 2 16 dep mutants 397:403 arg1 mutants 397:403 two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants 373:403 two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) 373:423 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 1 17 link asparagine-linked 232:248 arg1 GlcNAc 250:255 asparagine-linked GlcNAc 232:255 asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi 232:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 4 18 theme grain 720:724 arg1 filling 726:732 decreased grain filling 710:732 decreased grain filling 710:732 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 8 19 theme angle 1179:1183 arg1 control 1185:1191 leaf angle control 1174:1191 leaf angle control 1174:1191 Expression of the genes involved in tiller and leaf angle control was also affected in the mutants. 27241276 4 20 theme cv 615:616 arg1 Kitaake 618:624 the wild-type cv Kitaake 601:624 the wild-type cv Kitaake 601:624 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 6 21 theme FucT 1041:1044 arg1 function 1046:1053 FucT function 1041:1053 FucT function 1041:1053 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 4 22 from lengths 697:703 arg1 grains 767:772 chalky grains 760:772 chalky grains with abnormal shape 760:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 3 23 theme N-glycan 481:488 arg1 structure 490:498 the N-glycan structure 477:498 the N-glycan structure 477:498 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 4 24 theme wild-type 605:613 arg1 Kitaake 618:624 the wild-type cv Kitaake 601:624 the wild-type cv Kitaake 601:624 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 7 25 theme reduced 1096:1102 arg1 responses 1116:1124 reduced gravitropic responses 1096:1124 reduced gravitropic responses 1096:1124 Both fuct-1 and fuct-2 plants exhibited reduced gravitropic responses. 27241276 9 26 theme reduced 1247:1253 arg1 transport 1271:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 0 27 theme basipetal 63:71 arg1 transport 79:87 basipetal auxin transport 63:87 basipetal auxin transport 63:87 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 9 28 from transport 1271:1279 arg1 fuct-1 1336:1341 fuct-1 1336:1341 fuct-1 1336:1341 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 5 29 theme mutant 799:804 arg1 fuct-2 813:818 The mutant allele fuct-2 795:818 The mutant allele fuct-2 795:818 The mutant allele fuct-2 gave rise to similar developmental abnormalities, although they were milder than those of fuct-1. 27241276 7 30 theme gravitropic 1104:1114 arg1 responses 1116:1124 reduced gravitropic responses 1096:1124 reduced gravitropic responses 1096:1124 Both fuct-1 and fuct-2 plants exhibited reduced gravitropic responses. 27241276 9 31 theme basipetal 1255:1263 arg1 transport 1271:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 4 32 theme abnormal 779:786 arg1 shape 788:792 abnormal shape 779:792 abnormal shape 779:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 6 33 from Restoration 918:928 arg1 fuct-1 958:963 fuct-1 958:963 fuct-1 958:963 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 5 34 theme allele 806:811 arg1 fuct-2 813:818 The mutant allele fuct-2 795:818 The mutant allele fuct-2 795:818 The mutant allele fuct-2 gave rise to similar developmental abnormalities, although they were milder than those of fuct-1. 27241276 0 35 theme core 22:25 arg1 residue 39:45 a core α1,3-fucose residue 20:45 a core α1,3-fucose residue 20:45 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 1 36 theme N-glycan 264:271 arg1 core 273:276 the N-glycan core 260:276 the N-glycan core 260:276 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 1 37 from GlcNAc 250:255 arg1 Golgi 292:296 the medial Golgi 281:296 the medial Golgi 281:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 0 38 contain containing 9:18 arg1 N-glycan 0:7 N-glycan 0:7 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue 0:45 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 0 38 contain containing 9:18 arg2 residue 39:45 a core α1,3-fucose residue 20:45 a core α1,3-fucose residue 20:45 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 9 39 theme gravitropic 1372:1382 arg1 response 1384:1391 the reduced gravitropic response 1360:1391 the reduced gravitropic response 1360:1391 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 1 40 theme core 273:276 arg1 GlcNAc 250:255 asparagine-linked GlcNAc 232:255 asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi 232:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 0 41 theme rice 117:120 arg1 sativa 129:134 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 0 42 from transport 79:87 arg1 sativa 129:134 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 4 43 theme panicle 689:695 arg1 lengths 697:703 shorter internode and panicle lengths 667:703 lengths 697:703 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 3 44 from N-glycans 547:555 arg1 missing 530:536 missing 530:536 missing 530:536 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 8 45 theme genes 1145:1149 arg1 Expression 1127:1136 Expression 1127:1136 Expression of the genes involved in tiller and leaf angle control 1127:1191 Expression of the genes involved in tiller and leaf angle control was also affected in the mutants. 27241276 5 46 theme developmental 841:853 arg1 abnormalities 855:867 similar developmental abnormalities 833:867 similar developmental abnormalities 833:867 The mutant allele fuct-2 gave rise to similar developmental abnormalities, although they were milder than those of fuct-1. 27241276 9 47 theme tiller 1411:1416 arg1 angle 1418:1422 the increased tiller angle 1397:1422 the increased tiller angle 1397:1422 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 6 48 theme function 1046:1053 arg1 loss 1033:1036 the loss 1029:1036 the loss of FucT function 1029:1053 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 8 49 theme leaf 1174:1177 arg1 control 1185:1191 leaf angle control 1174:1191 leaf angle control 1174:1191 Expression of the genes involved in tiller and leaf angle control was also affected in the mutants. 27241276 2 50 theme sativa 383:388 arg1 fuct-2 417:422 fuct-2 417:422 fuct-2 417:422 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 2 50 theme sativa 383:388 arg1 fuct-1 406:411 fuct-1 406:411 fuct-1 406:411 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 2 50 theme sativa 383:388 arg1 mutants 397:403 two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants 373:403 two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) 373:423 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 0 51 theme α1,3-fucose 27:37 arg1 residue 39:45 a core α1,3-fucose residue 20:45 a core α1,3-fucose residue 20:45 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 9 52 theme low 1285:1287 arg1 accumulation 1295:1306 low auxin accumulation 1285:1306 low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 1285:1341 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 0 53 theme Oryza 123:127 arg1 sativa 129:134 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 2 54 theme Oryza 377:381 arg1 sativa 383:388 Oryza sativa 377:388 two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) 373:423 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 2 54 theme Oryza 377:381 arg1 rice 391:394 rice 391:394 rice 391:394 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 1 55 theme medial 285:290 arg1 Golgi 292:296 the medial Golgi 281:296 the medial Golgi 281:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 9 56 theme auxin 1265:1269 arg1 transport 1271:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 4 57 theme chalky 760:765 arg1 grains 767:772 chalky grains 760:772 chalky grains with abnormal shape 760:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 2 58 theme physiological 314:326 arg1 significance 328:339 the physiological significance 310:339 the physiological significance of this processing 310:358 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 1 59 from GDP-fucose 218:227 arg1 transfer 194:201 the transfer 190:201 the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi 190:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 7 60 dep fuct-1 1061:1066 arg1 plants 1079:1084 plants 1079:1084 plants 1079:1084 Both fuct-1 and fuct-2 plants exhibited reduced gravitropic responses. 27241276 4 61 from increase 748:755 arg1 grains 767:772 chalky grains 760:772 chalky grains with abnormal shape 760:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 4 62 theme tiller 653:658 arg1 angle 660:664 a larger tiller angle 644:664 a larger tiller angle 644:664 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 4 63 from internode 675:683 arg1 grains 767:772 chalky grains 760:772 chalky grains with abnormal shape 760:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 0 64 from response 105:112 arg1 sativa 129:134 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 rice (Oryza sativa) 117:135 N-glycan containing a core α1,3-fucose residue is required for basipetal auxin transport and gravitropic response in rice (Oryza sativa). 27241276 6 65 theme angle 949:953 arg1 Restoration 918:928 Restoration 918:928 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation 918:982 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 4 66 theme shorter 667:673 arg1 internode 675:683 shorter internode and panicle lengths 667:703 internode 675:683 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 4 67 theme decreased 710:718 arg1 filling 726:732 decreased grain filling 710:732 decreased grain filling 710:732 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 9 68 from base 1315:1318 arg1 transport 1271:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 reduced basipetal auxin transport 1247:1279 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 9 68 from base 1315:1318 arg1 accumulation 1295:1306 low auxin accumulation 1285:1306 low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 1285:1341 We demonstrate that reduced basipetal auxin transport and low auxin accumulation at the base of the shoot in fuct-1 account for both the reduced gravitropic response and the increased tiller angle. 27241276 3 69 theme fuct-2 579:584 arg1 N-glycans 547:555 the N-glycans 543:555 the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2 543:584 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 4 70 from angle 660:664 arg1 grains 767:772 chalky grains 760:772 chalky grains with abnormal shape 760:792 Compared with the wild-type cv Kitaake, fuct-1 displayed a larger tiller angle, shorter internode and panicle lengths, and decreased grain filling as well as an increase in chalky grains with abnormal shape. 27241276 1 71 theme fucose 206:211 arg1 transfer 194:201 the transfer 190:201 the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi 190:296 In plants, α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) catalyzes the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to asparagine-linked GlcNAc of the N-glycan core in the medial Golgi. 27241276 2 72 theme function 443:450 arg1 loss 430:433 loss 430:433 loss of FucT function 430:450 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 3 73 theme allelic 560:566 arg1 fuct-1 568:573 allelic fuct-1 560:573 allelic fuct-1 560:573 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 2 74 theme processing 349:358 arg1 significance 328:339 the physiological significance 310:339 the physiological significance of this processing 310:358 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 6 75 theme tiller 942:947 arg1 angle 949:953 a normal tiller angle 933:953 a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 933:963 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 27241276 2 76 theme FucT 438:441 arg1 function 443:450 FucT function 438:450 FucT function 438:450 To explore the physiological significance of this processing, we isolated two Oryza sativa (rice) mutants (fuct-1 and fuct-2) with loss of FucT function. 27241276 3 77 theme fuct-1 568:573 arg1 N-glycans 547:555 the N-glycans 543:555 the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2 543:584 Biochemical analyses of the N-glycan structure confirmed that α1,3-fucose is missing from the N-glycans of allelic fuct-1 and fuct-2. 27241276 6 78 theme normal 935:940 arg1 angle 949:953 a normal tiller angle 933:953 a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 933:963 Restoration of a normal tiller angle in fuct-1 by complementation demonstrated that the phenotype is caused by the loss of FucT function. 25737452 7 0 theme structures 1649:1658 arg1 identification 1593:1606 the identification 1589:1606 the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1589:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 0 1 with /phosphacan 71:81 arg1 glycans 113:119 cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans 88:119 cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain 88:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 2 2 theme neurodevelopmental 352:369 arg1 disorders 371:379 neurodevelopmental disorders 352:379 neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities 352:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 2 3 with dystrophies 410:420 arg1 abnormalities 449:461 associated CNS abnormalities 434:461 associated CNS abnormalities 434:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 6 4 theme multidimensional 1364:1379 arg1 spectrometry 1386:1397 multidimensional mass spectrometry 1364:1397 multidimensional mass spectrometry 1364:1397 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 7 5 theme several 1611:1617 arg1 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1671:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 5 theme several 1611:1617 arg1 structures 1649:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 6 link O-linked 1435:1442 arg1 glycans 1444:1450 the O-linked glycans 1431:1450 the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1431:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 3 7 theme protein 701:707 arg1 enzyme 693:698 an enzyme 690:698 an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 690:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 7 theme protein 701:707 arg1 β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 719:755 protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 701:757 protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 701:757 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 1 8 theme glycan 175:180 arg1 modification 182:193 a glycan modification 173:193 a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function 173:261 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 1 8 theme glycan 175:180 arg1 O-mannosylation 154:168 Protein O-mannosylation 146:168 Protein O-mannosylation 146:168 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 4 9 theme glycan 884:889 arg1 modifications 891:903 O-mannosyl glycan modifications 873:903 O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan 873:923 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 6 10 theme postnatal 1339:1347 arg1 brain 1355:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 3 11 theme one 599:601 arg1 model 590:594 a mouse model 582:594 a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 582:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 7 12 theme significant 1528:1538 arg1 protein 1515:1521 this protein 1510:1521 this protein 1510:1521 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 12 theme significant 1528:1538 arg1 substrate 1540:1548 a significant substrate 1526:1548 a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation 1526:1576 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 13 link O-mannose-linked 1625:1640 arg1 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1671:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 13 link O-mannose-linked 1625:1640 arg1 structures 1649:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 5 14 theme populations 1138:1148 arg1 surface 1118:1124 the surface 1114:1124 the surface of distinct populations of neural cells 1114:1164 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 2 15 theme O-mannosyl 303:312 arg1 glycosylation 314:326 protein O-mannosyl glycosylation 295:326 protein O-mannosyl glycosylation 295:326 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 9 16 gly hypoglycosylation 1922:1938 arg1 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1943:1958 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1943:1958 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1943:1958 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 6 17 theme early 1333:1337 arg1 brain 1355:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 0 18 theme developing 128:137 arg1 brain 139:143 the developing brain 124:143 the developing brain 124:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 5 19 theme neural 1153:1158 arg1 cells 1160:1164 neural cells 1153:1164 neural cells 1153:1164 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 1 20 theme normal 216:221 arg1 development 238:248 normal nervous system development 216:248 normal nervous system development 216:248 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 7 21 theme O-mannose-linked 1625:1640 arg1 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1671:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 21 theme O-mannose-linked 1625:1640 arg1 structures 1649:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 5 22 theme O-mannosyl 945:954 arg1 epitopes 963:970 O-mannosyl glycan epitopes 945:970 O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies 945:1001 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 9 23 contain have 1964:1967 arg2 consequences 1990:2001 different functional consequences 1969:2001 different functional consequences 1969:2001 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 9 23 contain have 1964:1967 arg1 hypoglycosylation 1922:1938 hypoglycosylation 1922:1938 hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan 1922:1958 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 6 24 theme glycan 1285:1290 arg1 heterogeneity 1292:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity 1272:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain 1272:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 1 25 theme Protein 146:152 arg1 modification 182:193 a glycan modification 173:193 a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function 173:261 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 1 25 theme Protein 146:152 arg1 O-mannosylation 154:168 Protein O-mannosylation 146:168 Protein O-mannosylation 146:168 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 5 26 gly glycoforms 1033:1042 arg1 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1047:1062 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1047:1062 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1047:1062 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 3 27 gly hypoglycosylated 562:577 arg2 /phosphacan 547:557 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 27 gly hypoglycosylated 562:577 arg1 model 590:594 a mouse model 582:594 a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 582:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 27 gly hypoglycosylated 562:577 arg1 /phosphacan 547:557 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 9 28 theme different 1969:1977 arg1 consequences 1990:2001 different functional consequences 1969:2001 different functional consequences 1969:2001 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 6 29 from heterogeneity 1292:1304 arg1 brain 1355:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 0 30 theme O-mannosyl 102:111 arg1 glycans 113:119 cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans 88:119 cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain 88:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 2 31 theme muscular 401:408 arg1 dystrophies 410:420 congenital muscular dystrophies 390:420 congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities 390:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 2 31 theme muscular 401:408 arg1 CMDs 423:426 CMDs 423:426 CMDs 423:426 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 7 32 theme glycans 1444:1450 arg1 characterization 1411:1426 Structural characterization 1400:1426 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1400:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 33 theme purified 1466:1473 arg1 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1475:1490 purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1466:1490 purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1466:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 2 34 theme associated 434:443 arg1 abnormalities 449:461 associated CNS abnormalities 434:461 associated CNS abnormalities 434:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 3 35 theme previous 468:475 arg1 work 477:480 Our previous work 464:480 Our previous work 464:480 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 0 36 theme receptor 24:31 arg1 phosphatase 50:60 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ 24:62 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain 24:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 0 36 theme receptor 24:31 arg1 RPTPζ 65:69 RPTPζ 65:69 RPTPζ 65:69 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 3 37 theme phosphatase 526:536 arg1 /phosphacan 547:557 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 0 38 theme phosphatase 50:60 arg1 /phosphacan 71:81 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 24:81 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain 24:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 8 39 theme glycan 1773:1778 arg1 modifications 1780:1792 specific glycan modifications 1764:1792 specific glycan modifications 1764:1792 Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. 25737452 7 40 attach released 1452:1459 arg2 glycans 1444:1450 the O-linked glycans 1431:1450 the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1431:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 40 attach released 1452:1459 arg1 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1475:1490 purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1466:1490 purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1466:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 4 41 theme monoclonal 807:816 arg1 antibodies 818:827 monoclonal antibodies 807:827 monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 807:843 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 4 41 theme monoclonal 807:816 arg1 3F8 841:843 3F8 841:843 3F8 841:843 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 4 41 theme monoclonal 807:816 arg1 Cat-315 829:835 Cat-315 829:835 Cat-315 829:835 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 3 42 theme receptor 500:507 arg1 phosphatase 526:536 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ 500:538 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 42 theme receptor 500:507 arg1 RPTPζ 541:545 RPTPζ 541:545 RPTPζ 541:545 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 1 43 theme nervous 223:229 arg1 development 238:248 normal nervous system development 216:248 normal nervous system development 216:248 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 5 44 theme RPTPζ/phosphacan 1047:1062 arg1 glycoforms 1033:1042 biochemically distinct glycoforms 1010:1042 biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan 1010:1062 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 6 45 theme further 1180:1186 arg1 basis 1199:1203 a further structural basis 1178:1203 a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences 1178:1252 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 6 46 gly heterogeneity 1292:1304 arg1 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1309:1324 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1309:1324 RPTPζ/phosphacan 1309:1324 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 4 47 dep antibodies 818:827 arg1 antibodies 818:827 monoclonal antibodies 807:827 monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 807:843 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 4 47 dep antibodies 818:827 arg1 3F8 841:843 3F8 841:843 3F8 841:843 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 4 47 dep antibodies 818:827 arg1 Cat-315 829:835 Cat-315 829:835 Cat-315 829:835 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 7 48 theme glycan 1642:1647 arg1 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1671:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 48 theme glycan 1642:1647 arg1 structures 1649:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 2 49 theme disorders 371:379 arg1 group 343:347 a group 341:347 a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities 341:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 2 49 theme disorders 371:379 arg1 disorders 371:379 neurodevelopmental disorders 352:379 neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities 352:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 8 50 theme specific 1857:1864 arg1 cells 1866:1870 specific cells 1857:1870 specific cells 1857:1870 Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. 25737452 7 51 theme novel 1619:1623 arg1 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1671:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 51 theme novel 1619:1623 arg1 structures 1649:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures 1611:1658 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 6 52 theme mass 1381:1384 arg1 spectrometry 1386:1397 multidimensional mass spectrometry 1364:1397 multidimensional mass spectrometry 1364:1397 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 2 53 theme protein 295:301 arg1 glycosylation 314:326 protein O-mannosyl glycosylation 295:326 protein O-mannosyl glycosylation 295:326 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 8 54 theme protein 1826:1832 arg1 function 1809:1816 the function 1805:1816 the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells 1805:1870 Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. 25737452 3 55 theme O-mannose 709:717 arg1 enzyme 693:698 an enzyme 690:698 an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 690:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 55 theme O-mannose 709:717 arg1 β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 719:755 protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 701:757 protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 701:757 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 6 56 theme mouse 1349:1353 arg1 brain 1355:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 the early postnatal mouse brain 1329:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 7 57 contain containing 1697:1706 arg1 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine 1671:1695 sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications 1671:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 7 57 contain containing 1697:1706 arg2 modifications 1708:1720 modifications 1708:1720 modifications 1708:1720 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 4 58 theme O-mannosyl 873:882 arg1 modifications 891:903 O-mannosyl glycan modifications 873:903 O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan 873:923 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 7 59 theme protein 1554:1560 arg1 O-mannosylation 1562:1576 protein O-mannosylation 1554:1576 protein O-mannosylation 1554:1576 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 3 60 theme O-mannosyl 774:783 arg1 glycans 785:791 O-mannosyl glycans 774:791 O-mannosyl glycans 774:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 61 theme mouse 584:588 arg1 model 590:594 a mouse model 582:594 a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 582:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 6 62 theme glycoform 1232:1240 arg1 differences 1242:1252 immunochemically based glycoform differences 1209:1252 immunochemically based glycoform differences 1209:1252 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 3 63 theme CMDs 612:615 arg1 CMDs 612:615 these CMDs 606:615 these CMDs 606:615 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 63 theme CMDs 612:615 arg1 one 599:601 one 599:601 one 599:601 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 6 64 link O-linked 1276:1283 arg1 heterogeneity 1292:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity 1272:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain 1272:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 5 65 theme cells 1160:1164 arg1 populations 1138:1148 distinct populations 1129:1148 distinct populations of neural cells 1129:1164 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 0 66 from glycans 113:119 arg1 brain 139:143 the developing brain 124:143 the developing brain 124:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 6 67 theme RPTPζ/phosphacan 1309:1324 arg1 heterogeneity 1292:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity 1272:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain 1272:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 3 68 theme muscle-eye-brain 627:642 arg1 disorder 655:662 a disorder 653:662 a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 653:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 68 theme muscle-eye-brain 627:642 arg1 disease 644:650 muscle-eye-brain disease 627:650 muscle-eye-brain disease 627:650 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 5 69 theme glycan 956:961 arg1 epitopes 963:970 O-mannosyl glycan epitopes 945:970 O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies 945:1001 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 6 70 theme based 1226:1230 arg1 differences 1242:1252 immunochemically based glycoform differences 1209:1252 immunochemically based glycoform differences 1209:1252 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 5 71 theme distinct 1129:1136 arg1 populations 1138:1148 distinct populations 1129:1148 distinct populations of neural cells 1129:1164 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 9 72 theme RPTPζ/phosphacan 1943:1958 arg1 hypoglycosylation 1922:1938 hypoglycosylation 1922:1938 hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan 1922:1958 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 6 73 theme O-linked 1276:1283 arg1 heterogeneity 1292:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity 1272:1304 the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain 1272:1359 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 8 74 dep unique 1841:1846 arg1 needs 1848:1852 needs 1848:1852 needs 1848:1852 Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. 25737452 9 75 from absence 1892:1898 arg1 CMDs 1903:1906 CMDs 1903:1906 CMDs 1903:1906 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 0 76 theme cell-specific 88:100 arg1 glycans 113:119 cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans 88:119 cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain 88:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 4 77 from modifications 891:903 arg1 RPTPζ/phosphacan 908:923 RPTPζ/phosphacan 908:923 RPTPζ/phosphacan 908:923 In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. 25737452 9 78 theme functional 1979:1988 arg1 consequences 1990:2001 different functional consequences 1969:2001 different functional consequences 1969:2001 Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia. 25737452 5 79 theme distinct 1024:1031 arg1 glycoforms 1033:1042 biochemically distinct glycoforms 1010:1042 biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan 1010:1062 Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. 25737452 7 80 theme O-linked 1435:1442 arg1 glycans 1444:1450 the O-linked glycans 1431:1450 the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1431:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 2 81 theme congenital 390:399 arg1 dystrophies 410:420 congenital muscular dystrophies 390:420 congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities 390:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 2 81 theme congenital 390:399 arg1 CMDs 423:426 CMDs 423:426 CMDs 423:426 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 2 82 theme CNS 445:447 arg1 abnormalities 449:461 associated CNS abnormalities 434:461 associated CNS abnormalities 434:461 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 0 83 theme protein-tyrosine 33:48 arg1 phosphatase 50:60 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ 24:62 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain 24:143 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 0 83 theme protein-tyrosine 33:48 arg1 RPTPζ 65:69 RPTPζ 65:69 RPTPζ 65:69 Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. 25737452 2 84 from Mutations 264:272 arg1 genes 277:281 genes 277:281 genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation 277:326 Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. 25737452 7 85 theme Structural 1400:1409 arg1 characterization 1411:1426 Structural characterization 1400:1426 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan 1400:1490 Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. 25737452 8 86 theme specific 1764:1771 arg1 modifications 1780:1792 specific glycan modifications 1764:1792 specific glycan modifications 1764:1792 Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. 25737452 6 87 theme structural 1188:1197 arg1 basis 1199:1203 a further structural basis 1178:1203 a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences 1178:1252 To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. 25737452 3 88 theme protein-tyrosine 509:524 arg1 phosphatase 526:536 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ 500:538 receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan 500:557 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 3 88 theme protein-tyrosine 509:524 arg1 RPTPζ 541:545 RPTPζ 541:545 RPTPζ 541:545 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 1 89 theme system 231:236 arg1 development 238:248 normal nervous system development 216:248 normal nervous system development 216:248 Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. 25737452 3 90 theme enzyme 693:698 arg1 loss 682:685 loss 682:685 loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans 682:791 Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. 25737452 8 91 theme cells 1866:1870 arg1 unique 1841:1846 unique 1841:1846 unique 1841:1846 Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. 24998151 2 0 theme egg 521:523 arg1 precipitation 504:516 repeated ethanol precipitation 487:516 repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white 487:529 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 1 1 theme bioactivity 369:379 arg1 value 397:401 its bioactivity and nutritional value 365:401 its bioactivity and nutritional value 365:401 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 0 2 theme mass 91:94 arg1 spectrometry 96:107 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 67:107 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 67:107 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 3 3 theme liquid 751:756 arg1 chromatography 758:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 5 4 theme hybrid 1115:1120 arg1 type 1122:1125 3 hybrid type 1113:1125 3 hybrid type (5.42%) 1113:1133 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 4 theme hybrid 1115:1120 arg1 % 1132:1132 5.42% 1128:1132 5.42% 1128:1132 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 3 5 theme ionization 687:696 arg1 spectrometry 703:714 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 674:714 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 674:714 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 5 6 located observed 1067:1074 arg1 total 1038:1042 total 1038:1042 total 1038:1042 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 6 located observed 1067:1074 arg2 N-glycans 1052:1060 16 COT N-glycans 1045:1060 16 COT N-glycans 1045:1060 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 1 7 theme attached 286:293 arg1 oligosaccharides 295:310 the attached oligosaccharides 282:310 the attached oligosaccharides 282:310 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 0 8 theme liquid 113:118 arg1 chromatography 120:133 liquid chromatography 113:133 liquid chromatography 113:133 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 1 9 theme nutritional 385:395 arg1 value 397:401 its bioactivity and nutritional value 365:401 its bioactivity and nutritional value 365:401 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 7 10 theme further 1650:1656 arg1 exploration 1658:1668 further exploration 1650:1668 further exploration 1650:1668 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 1 11 theme oligosaccharides 295:310 arg1 structure 269:277 the structure 265:277 the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value 265:401 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 2 12 theme peptide 550:556 arg1 F 572:572 peptide N-glycosidase F 550:572 peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans 550:593 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 5 13 theme COT 1048:1050 arg1 N-glycans 1052:1060 16 COT N-glycans 1045:1060 16 COT N-glycans 1045:1060 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 6 14 theme qualitative 1395:1405 arg1 comparison 1424:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison 1385:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns 1385:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 6 14 theme qualitative 1395:1405 arg1 study 1376:1380 this study 1371:1380 this study 1371:1380 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 4 15 from difference 943:952 arg1 abundance 981:989 the abundance 977:989 the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers 977:1032 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 4 16 theme conspicuous 931:941 arg1 difference 943:952 the conspicuous difference 927:952 the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers 927:1032 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 5 17 theme complex 1330:1336 arg1 type 1338:1341 10 complex type 1327:1341 10 complex type (67.52%) 1327:1350 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 17 theme complex 1330:1336 arg1 % 1349:1349 67.52% 1344:1349 67.52% 1344:1349 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 4 18 theme isotopic 857:864 arg1 labeling 874:881 isotopic aniline labeling 857:881 isotopic aniline labeling 857:881 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 5 19 theme high 1272:1275 arg1 % 1295:1295 5.20% 1291:1295 5.20% 1291:1295 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 19 theme high 1272:1275 arg1 type 1285:1288 3 high mannose type 1270:1288 3 high mannose type (5.20%) 1270:1296 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 3 20 theme tandem 786:791 arg1 HILIC-MS/MS 812:822 HILIC-MS/MS 812:822 HILIC-MS/MS 812:822 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 3 20 theme tandem 786:791 arg1 spectrometry 798:809 tandem mass spectrometry 786:809 tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) 786:823 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 7 21 theme exploration 1658:1668 arg1 worthy 1640:1645 worthy 1640:1645 worthy of further exploration 1640:1668 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 7 21 theme exploration 1658:1668 arg1 effect 1582:1587 the effect 1578:1587 the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity 1578:1635 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 5 22 theme mannose 1277:1283 arg1 % 1295:1295 5.20% 1291:1295 5.20% 1291:1295 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 22 theme mannose 1277:1283 arg1 type 1285:1288 3 high mannose type 1270:1288 3 high mannose type (5.20%) 1270:1296 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 1 23 theme conservative 217:228 arg1 sequence 238:245 a highly conservative protein sequence 208:245 a highly conservative protein sequence 208:245 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 3 24 theme mass 793:796 arg1 HILIC-MS/MS 812:822 HILIC-MS/MS 812:822 HILIC-MS/MS 812:822 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 3 24 theme mass 793:796 arg1 spectrometry 798:809 tandem mass spectrometry 786:809 tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) 786:823 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 5 25 theme POT 1177:1179 arg1 N-glycans 1181:1189 21 POT N-glycans 1174:1189 21 POT N-glycans 1174:1189 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 3 26 theme obtained 600:607 arg1 N-glyans 609:616 The obtained N-glyans 596:616 The obtained N-glyans 596:616 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 1 27 theme protein 230:236 arg1 sequence 238:245 a highly conservative protein sequence 208:245 a highly conservative protein sequence 208:245 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 7 28 theme pattern 1610:1616 arg1 worthy 1640:1645 worthy 1640:1645 worthy of further exploration 1640:1668 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 7 28 theme pattern 1610:1616 arg1 effect 1582:1587 the effect 1578:1587 the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity 1578:1635 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 7 29 theme glycosylation 1523:1535 arg1 pattern 1537:1543 a different glycosylation pattern 1511:1543 a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT 1511:1567 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 2 30 theme chicken 412:418 arg1 COT 436:438 COT 436:438 COT 436:438 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 2 30 theme chicken 412:418 arg1 ovotransferrin 420:433 chicken ovotransferrin 412:433 chicken ovotransferrin (COT) 412:439 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 4 31 theme HILIC-MS/MS 887:897 arg1 analysis 899:906 HILIC-MS/MS analysis 887:906 HILIC-MS/MS analysis 887:906 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 0 32 theme mass 148:151 arg1 spectrometry 153:164 mass spectrometry 148:164 mass spectrometry 148:164 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 6 33 theme patterns 1466:1473 arg1 comparison 1424:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison 1385:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns 1385:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 6 33 theme patterns 1466:1473 arg1 study 1376:1380 this study 1371:1380 this study 1371:1380 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 4 34 theme Relative 826:833 arg1 quantitation 835:846 Relative quantitation 826:846 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis 826:906 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 0 35 theme chicken 14:20 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography 0:133 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 5 36 theme complex 1143:1149 arg1 type 1151:1154 12 complex type 1140:1154 12 complex type (91.40%) 1140:1163 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 36 theme complex 1143:1149 arg1 % 1162:1162 91.40% 1157:1162 91.40% 1157:1162 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 4 37 theme N-glycan 1000:1007 arg1 compositions 1009:1020 their N-glycan compositions 994:1020 their N-glycan compositions 994:1020 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 3 38 theme mass 698:701 arg1 spectrometry 703:714 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 674:714 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 674:714 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 1 39 located observed 353:360 arg2 differences 341:351 the differences 337:351 the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value 337:401 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 1 39 located observed 353:360 arg1 value 397:401 its bioactivity and nutritional value 365:401 its bioactivity and nutritional value 365:401 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 7 40 contain has 1507:1509 arg2 pattern 1537:1543 a different glycosylation pattern 1511:1543 a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT 1511:1567 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 7 40 contain has 1507:1509 arg1 POT 1503:1505 POT 1503:1505 POT 1503:1505 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 2 41 theme pheasant 445:452 arg1 POT 470:472 POT 470:472 POT 470:472 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 2 41 theme pheasant 445:452 arg1 ovotransferrin 454:467 pheasant ovotransferrin 445:467 pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) 445:473 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 0 42 theme ovotransferrin 35:48 arg1 N-glycoforms 50:61 pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms 26:61 pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms 26:61 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 6 43 theme first 1389:1393 arg1 comparison 1424:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison 1385:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns 1385:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 6 43 theme first 1389:1393 arg1 study 1376:1380 this study 1371:1380 this study 1371:1380 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 4 44 theme isomers 1026:1032 arg1 abundance 981:989 the abundance 977:989 the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers 977:1032 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 5 45 theme core 1089:1092 arg1 structure 1094:1102 1 core structure 1087:1102 1 core structure (3.18%) 1087:1110 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 45 theme core 1089:1092 arg1 % 1109:1109 3.18% 1105:1109 3.18% 1105:1109 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 7 46 theme different 1513:1521 arg1 pattern 1537:1543 a different glycosylation pattern 1511:1543 a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT 1511:1567 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 5 47 dep observed 1067:1074 arg1 whereas 1166:1172 whereas 1166:1172 whereas 1166:1172 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 2 48 theme ethanol 496:502 arg1 precipitation 504:516 repeated ethanol precipitation 487:516 repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white 487:529 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 0 49 theme pheasant 26:33 arg1 N-glycoforms 50:61 pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms 26:61 pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms 26:61 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 3 50 theme electrospray 674:685 arg1 spectrometry 703:714 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 674:714 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 674:714 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 6 51 theme N-glycosylation 1450:1464 arg1 patterns 1466:1473 POT N-glycosylation patterns 1446:1473 POT N-glycosylation patterns 1446:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 2 52 theme repeated 487:494 arg1 precipitation 504:516 repeated ethanol precipitation 487:516 repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white 487:529 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 2 53 theme N-glycosidase 558:570 arg1 F 572:572 peptide N-glycosidase F 550:572 peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans 550:593 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 2 54 theme white 525:529 arg1 egg 521:523 egg white 521:529 egg white 521:529 Herein, chicken ovotransferrin (COT) and pheasant ovotransferrin (POT) isolated by repeated ethanol precipitation of egg white were digested with peptide N-glycosidase F to release N-glycans. 24998151 6 55 theme POT 1446:1448 arg1 patterns 1466:1473 POT N-glycosylation patterns 1446:1473 POT N-glycosylation patterns 1446:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 0 56 theme N-glycoforms 50:61 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography 0:133 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 4 57 theme compositions 1009:1020 arg1 abundance 981:989 the abundance 977:989 the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers 977:1032 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 3 58 theme hydrophilic 727:737 arg1 chromatography 758:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 5 59 theme hybrid 1301:1306 arg1 % 1319:1319 19.14% 1314:1319 19.14% 1314:1319 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 59 theme hybrid 1301:1306 arg1 type 1308:1311 6 hybrid type 1299:1311 6 hybrid type (19.14%) 1299:1320 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 3 60 theme interaction 739:749 arg1 chromatography 758:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 6 61 theme COT 1438:1440 arg1 comparison 1424:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison 1385:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns 1385:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 6 61 theme COT 1438:1440 arg1 study 1376:1380 this study 1371:1380 this study 1371:1380 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 5 62 theme core 1246:1249 arg1 structure 1251:1259 1 core structure 1244:1259 1 core structure (6.26%) 1244:1267 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 62 theme core 1246:1249 arg1 % 1266:1266 6.26% 1262:1266 6.26% 1262:1266 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 7 63 from effect 1582:1587 arg1 bioactivity 1625:1635 its bioactivity 1621:1635 its bioactivity 1621:1635 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 4 64 theme aniline 866:872 arg1 labeling 874:881 isotopic aniline labeling 857:881 isotopic aniline labeling 857:881 Relative quantitation based on isotopic aniline labeling and HILIC-MS/MS analysis revealed in detail the conspicuous difference between COT and POT in the abundance of their N-glycan compositions and isomers. 24998151 5 65 theme truncated 1215:1223 arg1 structure 1225:1233 1 truncated structure 1213:1233 1 truncated structure (1.88%) 1213:1241 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 5 65 theme truncated 1215:1223 arg1 % 1240:1240 1.88% 1236:1240 1.88% 1236:1240 In total, 16 COT N-glycans were observed, including 1 core structure (3.18%), 3 hybrid type (5.42%), and 12 complex type (91.40%), whereas 21 POT N-glycans were found, including 1 truncated structure (1.88%), 1 core structure (6.26%), 3 high mannose type (5.20%), 6 hybrid type (19.14%), and 10 complex type (67.52%). 24998151 0 66 theme ionization 80:89 arg1 spectrometry 96:107 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 67:107 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 67:107 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 3 67 theme online 720:725 arg1 chromatography 758:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 720:771 The obtained N-glyans were isotopically labeled with aniline and analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). 24998151 0 68 gly N-glycoforms 50:61 arg1 ovotransferrin 35:48 pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms 26:61 pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms 26:61 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 1 69 theme Species-specific 167:182 arg1 ovotransferrin 184:197 Species-specific ovotransferrin 167:197 Species-specific ovotransferrin 167:197 Species-specific ovotransferrin features a highly conservative protein sequence, but it varies in the structure of the attached oligosaccharides, which may contribute to the differences observed in its bioactivity and nutritional value. 24998151 7 70 theme glycosylation 1596:1608 arg1 pattern 1610:1616 its glycosylation pattern 1592:1616 its glycosylation pattern 1592:1616 These results suggest that POT has a different glycosylation pattern compared to that of COT and thus the effect of its glycosylation pattern on its bioactivity is worthy of further exploration. 24998151 0 71 theme electrospray 67:78 arg1 spectrometry 96:107 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 67:107 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 67:107 Comparison of chicken and pheasant ovotransferrin N-glycoforms via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. 24998151 6 72 theme quantitative 1411:1422 arg1 comparison 1424:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison 1385:1433 the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns 1385:1473 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 24998151 6 72 theme quantitative 1411:1422 arg1 study 1376:1380 this study 1371:1380 this study 1371:1380 To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative and quantitative comparison of COT and POT N-glycosylation patterns. 26054662 7 0 theme antiglycated 1171:1182 arg1 activities 1184:1193 antiglycated activities 1171:1193 antiglycated activities 1171:1193 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 1 1 from cladodes 194:201 arg1 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 1 from cladodes 194:201 arg1 purification 120:131 purification 120:131 purification 120:131 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 1 from cladodes 194:201 arg1 extraction 108:117 extraction 108:117 extraction 108:117 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 1 from cladodes 194:201 arg1 polysaccharides 152:166 polysaccharides 152:166 polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 152:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 1 from cladodes 194:201 arg1 evaluation 219:228 the evaluation 215:228 the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 215:277 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 2 theme Opuntia 173:179 arg1 cladodes 194:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 7 3 theme degraded 1097:1104 arg1 polysaccharides 1106:1120 degraded polysaccharides 1097:1120 degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h 1097:1134 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 1 4 theme antiglycated 255:266 arg1 activities 268:277 their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 233:277 their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 233:277 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 0 5 theme antiglycated 79:90 arg1 activities 92:101 Antioxidant and antiglycated activities 63:101 Antioxidant and antiglycated activities 63:101 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 5 6 theme different 696:704 arg1 carbohydrates 728:740 the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 692:740 the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 692:740 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 1 7 theme activities 268:277 arg1 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 7 theme activities 268:277 arg1 purification 120:131 purification 120:131 purification 120:131 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 7 theme activities 268:277 arg1 extraction 108:117 extraction 108:117 extraction 108:117 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 7 theme activities 268:277 arg1 evaluation 219:228 the evaluation 215:228 the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 215:277 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 5 8 theme exclusion 763:771 arg1 SEC/MALS/VD/DRI 789:803 SEC/MALS/VD/DRI 789:803 SEC/MALS/VD/DRI 789:803 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 5 8 theme exclusion 763:771 arg1 chromatography 773:786 size exclusion chromatography 758:786 size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI) 758:804 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 0 9 from Depolymerization 0:15 arg1 indica 55:60 Opuntia ficus indica 41:60 Opuntia ficus indica 41:60 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 6 10 dep 14,000 960:965 arg1 to 957:958 to 957:958 to 957:958 These experiments showed that all samples are polysaccharides, which are probably pectins and that molecular weight (Mw) has decreased from 6,800,000 to 14,000 g/mol after 3 h of depolymerization without changing the structure. 26054662 2 11 theme extraction 331:340 arg1 optimization 311:322 The optimization 307:322 The optimization of the extraction 307:340 The optimization of the extraction showed that extraction by ultrasound at 40 °C presented the best carbohydrates yield. 26054662 1 12 from evaluation 219:228 arg1 cladodes 194:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 4 13 theme Sugar 599:603 arg1 contents 605:612 Sugar contents 599:612 Sugar contents 599:612 Sugar contents were determined by colorimetric assays. 26054662 0 14 from indica 55:60 arg1 polysaccharides 20:34 polysaccharides 20:34 polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica 20:60 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 0 14 from indica 55:60 arg1 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica 0:60 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 3 15 theme copper 552:557 arg1 acetate 563:569 copper(II) acetate 552:569 copper(II) acetate for various reaction times 552:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 1 16 theme indica 187:192 arg1 cladodes 194:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 3 17 with depolymerization 506:521 arg1 H2O2 528:531 H2O2 528:531 H2O2 528:531 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 1 18 from degradation 137:147 arg1 cladodes 194:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 2 19 theme best 402:405 arg1 yield 421:425 the best carbohydrates yield 398:425 the best carbohydrates yield 398:425 The optimization of the extraction showed that extraction by ultrasound at 40 °C presented the best carbohydrates yield. 26054662 3 20 from depolymerization 506:521 arg1 presence 540:547 the presence 536:547 the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times 536:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 0 21 dep activities 92:101 arg1 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica 0:60 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 5 22 theme macromolecular 658:671 arg1 characteristics 673:687 The macromolecular characteristics 654:687 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 654:740 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 1 23 from purification 120:131 arg1 cladodes 194:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 3 24 theme reaction 583:590 arg1 times 592:596 various reaction times 575:596 various reaction times 575:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 2 25 from °C 385:386 arg1 extraction 354:363 extraction 354:363 extraction by ultrasound at 40 °C 354:386 The optimization of the extraction showed that extraction by ultrasound at 40 °C presented the best carbohydrates yield. 26054662 3 26 theme acetate 563:569 arg1 presence 540:547 the presence 536:547 the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times 536:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 7 27 theme better 1148:1153 arg1 antioxidant 1155:1165 even better antioxidant 1143:1165 even better antioxidant 1143:1165 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 0 28 theme polysaccharides 20:34 arg1 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization 0:15 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica 0:60 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 6 29 theme depolymerization 986:1001 arg1 h 981:981 3 h 979:981 3 h of depolymerization 979:1001 These experiments showed that all samples are polysaccharides, which are probably pectins and that molecular weight (Mw) has decreased from 6,800,000 to 14,000 g/mol after 3 h of depolymerization without changing the structure. 26054662 3 30 theme free 493:496 arg1 radical 498:504 free radical 493:504 free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times 493:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 2 31 theme carbohydrates 407:419 arg1 yield 421:425 the best carbohydrates yield 398:425 the best carbohydrates yield 398:425 The optimization of the extraction showed that extraction by ultrasound at 40 °C presented the best carbohydrates yield. 26054662 0 32 theme Opuntia 41:47 arg1 indica 55:60 Opuntia ficus indica 41:60 Opuntia ficus indica 41:60 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 6 33 theme molecular 906:914 arg1 Mw 924:925 Mw 924:925 Mw 924:925 These experiments showed that all samples are polysaccharides, which are probably pectins and that molecular weight (Mw) has decreased from 6,800,000 to 14,000 g/mol after 3 h of depolymerization without changing the structure. 26054662 6 33 theme molecular 906:914 arg1 weight 916:921 molecular weight 906:921 molecular weight (Mw) has 906:930 These experiments showed that all samples are polysaccharides, which are probably pectins and that molecular weight (Mw) has decreased from 6,800,000 to 14,000 g/mol after 3 h of depolymerization without changing the structure. 26054662 4 34 theme colorimetric 633:644 arg1 assays 646:651 colorimetric assays 633:651 colorimetric assays 633:651 Sugar contents were determined by colorimetric assays. 26054662 7 35 theme antiglycated 1063:1074 arg1 tests 1076:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests 1035:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests 1035:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 6 36 dep weight 916:921 arg1 has 928:930 has 928:930 has 928:930 These experiments showed that all samples are polysaccharides, which are probably pectins and that molecular weight (Mw) has decreased from 6,800,000 to 14,000 g/mol after 3 h of depolymerization without changing the structure. 26054662 5 37 theme isolated 706:713 arg1 carbohydrates 728:740 the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 692:740 the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 692:740 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 3 38 theme extracted 451:459 arg1 polysaccharides 461:475 the extracted polysaccharides 447:475 the extracted polysaccharides 447:475 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 1 39 dep Opuntia 173:179 arg1 ficus 181:185 ficus 181:185 ficus 181:185 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 5 40 theme size 758:761 arg1 SEC/MALS/VD/DRI 789:803 SEC/MALS/VD/DRI 789:803 SEC/MALS/VD/DRI 789:803 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 5 40 theme size 758:761 arg1 chromatography 773:786 size exclusion chromatography 758:786 size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI) 758:804 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 0 41 dep Opuntia 41:47 arg1 ficus 49:53 ficus 49:53 ficus 49:53 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 7 42 theme antioxidant 1047:1057 arg1 tests 1076:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests 1035:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests 1035:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 1 43 from extraction 108:117 arg1 cladodes 194:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 Opuntia ficus indica cladodes 173:201 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 3 44 theme various 575:581 arg1 times 592:596 various reaction times 575:596 various reaction times 575:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 5 45 theme degraded 719:726 arg1 carbohydrates 728:740 the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 692:740 the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 692:740 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 3 46 theme radical 498:504 arg1 depolymerization 506:521 free radical depolymerization 493:521 free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times 493:596 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 5 47 theme carbohydrates 728:740 arg1 characteristics 673:687 The macromolecular characteristics 654:687 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates 654:740 The macromolecular characteristics of the different isolated and degraded carbohydrates were carried by size exclusion chromatography (SEC/MALS/VD/DRI). 26054662 7 48 theme Preliminary 1035:1045 arg1 tests 1076:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests 1035:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests 1035:1080 Preliminary antioxidant and antiglycated tests indicated that degraded polysaccharides for 2 and 3 h showed even better antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 26054662 1 49 theme polysaccharides 152:166 arg1 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 degradation 137:147 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 49 theme polysaccharides 152:166 arg1 purification 120:131 purification 120:131 purification 120:131 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 49 theme polysaccharides 152:166 arg1 extraction 108:117 extraction 108:117 extraction 108:117 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 1 49 theme polysaccharides 152:166 arg1 evaluation 219:228 the evaluation 215:228 the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 215:277 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 3 50 theme polysaccharides 461:475 arg1 degradation 432:442 The degradation 428:442 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides 428:475 The degradation of the extracted polysaccharides was achieved by free radical depolymerization with H2O2 in the presence of copper(II) acetate for various reaction times. 26054662 1 51 theme antioxidant 239:249 arg1 activities 268:277 their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 233:277 their antioxidant and antiglycated activities 233:277 The extraction, purification and degradation of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes, as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiglycated activities in vitro were investigated. 26054662 0 52 theme Antioxidant 63:73 arg1 activities 92:101 Antioxidant and antiglycated activities 63:101 Antioxidant and antiglycated activities 63:101 Depolymerization of polysaccharides from Opuntia ficus indica: Antioxidant and antiglycated activities. 28471203 14 0 theme ovarian 1896:1902 arg1 cancer 1904:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 11 1 theme malignant 1375:1383 arg1 cancer 1393:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 16 2 dep words 2082:2086 arg1 proteomics 2101:2110 proteomics 2101:2110 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 2 dep words 2082:2086 arg1 fluid 2122:2126 ascitic fluid 2114:2126 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 2 dep words 2082:2086 arg1 glycomics 2089:2097 glycomics 2089:2097 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 2 dep words 2082:2086 arg1 cancer 2138:2143 ovarian cancer 2130:2143 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 17 3 theme interest 2469:2476 arg1 conflicts 2456:2464 no potential conflicts 2443:2464 no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study 2443:2534 The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. 28471203 13 4 theme malignat 1591:1598 arg1 tumor 1600:1604 the malignat tumor 1587:1604 the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor 1587:1634 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 11 5 theme benign 1364:1369 arg1 cancer 1393:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 16 6 theme Sustainability 2239:2252 arg1 I 2262:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 7 7 with patients 1004:1011 arg1 tumors 1047:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 4 8 theme ovarian 575:581 arg1 cancer 583:588 ovarian cancer 575:588 ovarian cancer 575:588 None of these biomarkers is specific only for ovarian cancer and increased levels may be caused by other diseases. 28471203 12 9 dep higher 1539:1544 arg1 complex 1552:1558 complex 1552:1558 complex 1552:1558 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 6 10 attach present 887:893 arg2 it 881:882 it 881:882 it 881:882 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 10 attach present 887:893 arg1 % 907:907 almost 90% 898:907 almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV 898:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 10 attach present 887:893 arg1 cases 916:920 all cases 912:920 all cases of stage III and IV 912:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 12 11 with patient 1418:1424 arg1 tumor 1440:1444 a benign tumor 1431:1444 a benign tumor 1431:1444 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 2 12 from absence 311:317 arg1 stages 296:301 late stages 291:301 late stages 291:301 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 16 13 theme National 2230:2237 arg1 I 2262:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 7 14 theme METHODS 956:962 arg1 samples 980:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples 943:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors 943:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 3 15 theme Carcinoembryonic 497:512 arg1 CAE 523:525 CAE 523:525 CAE 523:525 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 15 theme Carcinoembryonic 497:512 arg1 Antigen 514:520 the Carcinoembryonic Antigen 493:520 the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE) 493:526 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 1 16 theme patients 159:166 arg1 % 150:150 almost 80% 141:150 almost 80% of all patients 141:166 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 1 16 theme patients 159:166 arg1 patients 159:166 all patients 155:166 all patients 155:166 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 12 17 theme benign 1433:1438 arg1 tumor 1440:1444 a benign tumor 1431:1444 a benign tumor 1431:1444 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 14 18 dep CONCLUSION 1744:1753 arg1 study 1785:1789 a pilot study 1777:1789 a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1777:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 14 18 dep CONCLUSION 1744:1753 arg1 investigation 1760:1772 This investigation 1755:1772 This investigation 1755:1772 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 7 19 theme MATERIAL 943:950 arg1 samples 980:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples 943:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors 943:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 13 20 from tumor 1600:1604 arg1 comparison 1609:1618 comparison 1609:1618 comparison to benign tumor 1609:1634 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 5 21 theme cancer 748:753 arg1 prognosis 727:735 prognosis 727:735 prognosis 727:735 Therefore, current research is focused on finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. 28471203 5 21 theme cancer 748:753 arg1 diagnosis 713:721 diagnosis 713:721 diagnosis 713:721 Therefore, current research is focused on finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. 28471203 8 22 theme full 1069:1072 arg1 glycomic 1074:1081 full glycomic 1069:1081 full glycomic 1069:1081 For full glycomic and proteomic analysis, only 5 µL of ascites were used. 28471203 6 23 theme ovarian 862:868 arg1 cancer 870:875 ovarian cancer 862:875 ovarian cancer 862:875 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 8 24 theme ascites 1120:1126 arg1 µL 1114:1115 only 5 µL 1107:1115 only 5 µL of ascites 1107:1126 For full glycomic and proteomic analysis, only 5 µL of ascites were used. 28471203 7 25 theme benign 1018:1023 arg1 tumors 1047:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 8 26 used used 1133:1136 arg2 µL 1114:1115 only 5 µL 1107:1115 only 5 µL of ascites 1107:1126 For full glycomic and proteomic analysis, only 5 µL of ascites were used. 28471203 14 27 with patients 1861:1868 arg1 cancer 1904:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 13 28 theme mucin 1710:1714 arg1 families 1734:1741 the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1697:1741 the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1697:1741 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 1 29 theme gynecological 119:131 arg1 cancer 93:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 1 29 theme gynecological 119:131 arg1 cancer 133:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 12 30 theme higher 1539:1544 arg1 glycans 1560:1566 higher, more complex glycans 1539:1566 higher, more complex glycans 1539:1566 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 11 31 theme protein 1330:1336 arg1 profiles 1338:1345 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles 1311:1345 profiles 1338:1345 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 0 32 theme Ovarian 57:63 arg1 Cancer 65:70 Ovarian Cancer 57:70 Ovarian Cancer 57:70 [Ascites May Provide Useful Information for Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer]. 28471203 18 33 theme biomedical 2619:2628 arg1 papers.Submitted 2630:2645 biomedical papers.Submitted 2619:2645 biomedical papers.Submitted 2619:2645 The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 28471203 16 34 dep projects 2173:2180 arg1 Ministry 2274:2281 Ministry 2274:2281 Ministry 2274:2281 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 34 dep projects 2173:2180 arg1 LO1413 2266:2271 LO1413 2266:2271 LO1413 2266:2271 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 34 dep projects 2173:2180 arg1 I 2262:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 34 dep projects 2173:2180 arg1 MMCI 2360:2363 MMCI 2360:2363 MMCI 2360:2363 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 6 35 from % 907:907 arg1 present 887:893 present 887:893 present 887:893 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 14 36 from protein 1816:1822 arg1 patients 1861:1868 patients 1861:1868 patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1861:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 16 37 theme research 2337:2344 arg1 organization 2346:2357 research organization 2337:2357 research organization 2337:2357 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 13 38 theme annexin 1701:1707 arg1 families 1734:1741 the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1697:1741 the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1697:1741 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 16 39 theme control 2062:2068 arg1 words 2082:2086 control samples.Key words 2062:2086 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 6 40 from present 887:893 arg1 % 907:907 almost 90% 898:907 almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV 898:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 40 from present 887:893 arg1 cases 916:920 all cases 912:920 all cases of stage III and IV 912:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 16 41 theme patients 2026:2033 arg1 patients 2026:2033 patients 2026:2033 patients 2026:2033 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 41 theme patients 2026:2033 arg1 set 2019:2021 a larger set 2010:2021 a larger set of patients 2010:2033 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 5 42 theme current 655:661 arg1 research 663:670 current research 655:670 current research 655:670 Therefore, current research is focused on finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. 28471203 10 43 theme mass 1292:1295 arg1 spectrometer 1297:1308 a mass spectrometer 1290:1308 a mass spectrometer 1290:1308 Samples were purified and measured using a mass spectrometer. 28471203 7 44 theme ovarian 1039:1045 arg1 tumors 1047:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 7 45 used used 1059:1062 arg2 samples 980:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples 943:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors 943:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 14 46 from comparison 1802:1811 arg1 patients 1861:1868 patients 1861:1868 patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1861:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 1 47 theme Ovarian 85:91 arg1 cancer 93:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 1 47 theme Ovarian 85:91 arg1 cancer 133:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 9 48 theme enzyme 1182:1187 arg1 F 1196:1196 the enzyme PNGase F 1178:1196 the enzyme PNGase F 1178:1196 Glycans were released from proteins by the enzyme PNGase F and proteins were digested to peptides by trypsin. 28471203 6 49 theme stage 925:929 arg1 cases 916:920 all cases 912:920 all cases of stage III and IV 912:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 13 50 theme peroxiredoxin 1720:1732 arg1 families 1734:1741 the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1697:1741 the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1697:1741 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 3 51 theme glycoprotein 410:421 arg1 biomarkers 382:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 51 theme glycoprotein 410:421 arg1 Antigen 430:436 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 397:440 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) 397:449 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 51 theme glycoprotein 410:421 arg1 CA 443:444 CA 125 443:448 CA 125 443:448 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 5 52 theme new 694:696 arg1 biomarkers 698:707 new biomarkers 694:707 new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer 694:753 Therefore, current research is focused on finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. 28471203 6 53 theme cases 916:920 arg1 % 907:907 almost 90% 898:907 almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV 898:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 53 theme cases 916:920 arg1 cases 916:920 all cases 912:920 all cases of stage III and IV 912:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 16 54 theme samples.Key 2070:2080 arg1 words 2082:2086 control samples.Key words 2062:2086 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 6 55 theme Interesting 756:766 arg1 material 777:784 Interesting clinical material 756:784 Interesting clinical material 756:784 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 13 56 theme families 1734:1741 arg1 proteins 1685:1692 proteins 1685:1692 proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families 1685:1741 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 18 57 theme Editorial 2541:2549 arg1 Board 2551:2555 The Editorial Board 2537:2555 The Editorial Board 2537:2555 The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 28471203 16 58 dep MMCI 2360:2363 arg1 00209805 2366:2373 00209805 2366:2373 00209805 2366:2373 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 20 59 dep 26 2669:2670 arg1 2017Accepted 2655:2666 2017Accepted 2655:2666 2017Accepted 2655:2666 2017Accepted: 26. 28471203 16 60 theme Ministry 2189:2196 arg1 projects 2173:2180 projects 2173:2180 projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S 2173:2410 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 3 61 theme Human 456:460 arg1 Protein 473:479 the Human Epididymal Protein 4 452:481 the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) 452:487 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 61 theme Human 456:460 arg1 HE4 484:486 HE4 484:486 HE4 484:486 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 16 62 theme Sports 2221:2226 arg1 Ministry 2189:2196 the Ministry 2185:2196 the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports 2185:2226 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 13 63 theme benign 1623:1628 arg1 tumor 1630:1634 benign tumor 1623:1634 benign tumor 1623:1634 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 16 64 theme Education 2201:2209 arg1 Youth 2211:2215 Education Youth 2201:2215 Education Youth 2201:2215 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 6 65 theme abdominal 823:831 arg1 cavity 833:838 abdominal cavity 823:838 abdominal cavity 823:838 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 16 66 theme larger 2012:2017 arg1 patients 2026:2033 patients 2026:2033 patients 2026:2033 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 66 theme larger 2012:2017 arg1 set 2019:2021 a larger set 2010:2021 a larger set of patients 2010:2033 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 11 67 theme ovarian 1385:1391 arg1 cancer 1393:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 2 68 theme nonspecific 256:266 arg1 diagnosis 278:286 diagnosis 278:286 diagnosis in late stages 278:301 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 2 68 theme nonspecific 256:266 arg1 absence 311:317 the absence 307:317 the absence of a specific biomarker 307:341 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 2 68 theme nonspecific 256:266 arg1 symptoms 268:275 nonspecific symptoms 256:275 nonspecific symptoms 256:275 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 16 69 theme Program 2254:2260 arg1 I 2262:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 National Sustainability Program I 2230:2262 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 70 theme ovarian 2130:2136 arg1 cancer 2138:2143 ovarian cancer 2130:2143 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 71 theme organization 2346:2357 arg1 Health 2286:2291 Health 2286:2291 Health 2286:2291 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 8 72 theme proteomic 1087:1095 arg1 analysis 1097:1104 proteomic analysis 1087:1104 proteomic analysis 1087:1104 For full glycomic and proteomic analysis, only 5 µL of ascites were used. 28471203 15 73 theme protein 1966:1972 arg1 levels 1974:1979 protein levels 1966:1979 protein levels 1966:1979 Significant differences were found on both glycan and protein levels. 28471203 7 74 from patients 1004:1011 arg1 samples 980:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples 943:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors 943:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 5 75 theme ovarian 740:746 arg1 cancer 748:753 ovarian cancer 740:753 ovarian cancer 740:753 Therefore, current research is focused on finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. 28471203 17 76 contain have 2438:2441 arg2 conflicts 2456:2464 no potential conflicts 2443:2464 no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study 2443:2534 The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. 28471203 17 76 contain have 2438:2441 arg1 they 2433:2436 they 2433:2436 they 2433:2436 The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. 28471203 4 77 theme biomarkers 543:552 arg1 None 529:532 None 529:532 None of these biomarkers 529:552 None of these biomarkers is specific only for ovarian cancer and increased levels may be caused by other diseases. 28471203 16 78 theme words 2082:2086 arg1 set 2055:2057 a set 2053:2057 a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2053:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 78 theme words 2082:2086 arg1 words 2082:2086 control samples.Key words 2062:2086 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 16 79 dep Ministry 2274:2281 arg1 Foundation 2391:2400 Foundation 2391:2400 Foundation 2391:2400 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 1 80 theme lethal 112:117 arg1 cancer 93:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 1 80 theme lethal 112:117 arg1 cancer 133:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 12 81 theme malignant 1522:1530 arg1 tumor 1532:1536 a malignant tumor 1520:1536 a malignant tumor 1520:1536 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 16 82 theme conceptual 2311:2320 arg1 development 2322:2332 conceptual development 2311:2332 conceptual development 2311:2332 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 17 83 theme potential 2446:2454 arg1 conflicts 2456:2464 no potential conflicts 2443:2464 no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study 2443:2534 The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. 28471203 4 84 theme other 628:632 arg1 diseases 634:641 other diseases 628:641 other diseases 628:641 None of these biomarkers is specific only for ovarian cancer and increased levels may be caused by other diseases. 28471203 11 85 theme RESULTS 1311:1317 arg1 Glycan 1319:1324 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles 1311:1345 Glycan 1319:1324 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 0 86 theme Cancer 65:70 arg1 Diagnosis 44:52 Diagnosis 44:52 Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer 44:70 [Ascites May Provide Useful Information for Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer]. 28471203 2 87 theme High 217:220 arg1 mortality 222:230 High mortality 217:230 High mortality 217:230 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 4 88 theme increased 594:602 arg1 levels 604:609 increased levels 594:609 increased levels 594:609 None of these biomarkers is specific only for ovarian cancer and increased levels may be caused by other diseases. 28471203 11 89 theme patients 1350:1357 arg1 Glycan 1319:1324 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles 1311:1345 Glycan 1319:1324 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 11 89 theme patients 1350:1357 arg1 profiles 1338:1345 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles 1311:1345 profiles 1338:1345 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 14 90 theme composition 1835:1845 arg1 comparison 1802:1811 comparison 1802:1811 comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1802:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 15 91 located found 1941:1945 arg1 glycan 1955:1960 glycan 1955:1960 glycan 1955:1960 Significant differences were found on both glycan and protein levels. 28471203 15 91 located found 1941:1945 arg1 levels 1974:1979 protein levels 1966:1979 protein levels 1966:1979 Significant differences were found on both glycan and protein levels. 28471203 15 91 located found 1941:1945 arg2 differences 1924:1934 Significant differences 1912:1934 Significant differences 1912:1934 Significant differences were found on both glycan and protein levels. 28471203 11 92 with patients 1350:1357 arg1 cancer 1393:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1364:1398 RESULTS Glycan and protein profiles of patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer were compared. 28471203 16 93 theme ascitic 2114:2120 arg1 fluid 2122:2126 ascitic fluid 2114:2126 control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer 2062:2143 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 18 94 theme ICMJE 2594:2598 arg1 recommendation 2600:2613 the ICMJE recommendation 2590:2613 the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13 2571:2649 The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 28471203 14 95 theme glycan 1828:1833 arg1 composition 1835:1845 glycan composition 1828:1845 glycan composition 1828:1845 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 2 96 from diagnosis 278:286 arg1 stages 296:301 late stages 291:301 late stages 291:301 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 14 97 theme protein 1816:1822 arg1 comparison 1802:1811 comparison 1802:1811 comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1802:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 6 98 located present 887:893 arg2 it 881:882 it 881:882 it 881:882 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 98 located present 887:893 arg1 % 907:907 almost 90% 898:907 almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV 898:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 98 located present 887:893 arg1 cases 916:920 all cases 912:920 all cases of stage III and IV 912:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 3 99 theme membrane 401:408 arg1 biomarkers 382:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 99 theme membrane 401:408 arg1 Antigen 430:436 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 397:440 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) 397:449 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 99 theme membrane 401:408 arg1 CA 443:444 CA 125 443:448 CA 125 443:448 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 7 100 theme malignant 1029:1037 arg1 tumors 1047:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 benign and malignant ovarian tumors 1018:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 1 101 theme BACKGROUND 74:83 arg1 cancer 93:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer 74:98 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 1 101 theme BACKGROUND 74:83 arg1 cancer 133:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 the most lethal gynecological cancer 103:138 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 28471203 18 102 dep met 2586:2588 arg1 recommendation 2600:2613 the ICMJE recommendation 2590:2613 the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13 2571:2649 The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 28471203 14 103 theme malignant 1886:1894 arg1 cancer 1904:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 9 104 attach released 1152:1159 arg2 Glycans 1139:1145 Glycans 1139:1145 Glycans 1139:1145 Glycans were released from proteins by the enzyme PNGase F and proteins were digested to peptides by trypsin. 28471203 9 104 attach released 1152:1159 arg1 proteins 1166:1173 proteins 1166:1173 proteins 1166:1173 Glycans were released from proteins by the enzyme PNGase F and proteins were digested to peptides by trypsin. 28471203 2 105 theme biomarker 333:341 arg1 diagnosis 278:286 diagnosis 278:286 diagnosis in late stages 278:301 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 2 105 theme biomarker 333:341 arg1 symptoms 268:275 nonspecific symptoms 256:275 nonspecific symptoms 256:275 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 2 105 theme biomarker 333:341 arg1 absence 311:317 the absence 307:317 the absence of a specific biomarker 307:341 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 0 106 theme Useful 21:26 arg1 Information 28:38 Useful Information 21:38 Useful Information for Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer 21:70 [Ascites May Provide Useful Information for Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer]. 28471203 12 107 with patient 1507:1513 arg1 tumor 1532:1536 a malignant tumor 1520:1536 a malignant tumor 1520:1536 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 12 108 theme simple 1452:1457 arg1 glycans 1459:1465 more simple glycans 1447:1465 more simple glycans with lowm/z 1447:1477 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 14 109 theme benign 1875:1880 arg1 cancer 1904:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1875:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 13 110 theme unique 1641:1646 arg1 proteins 1648:1655 127 unique proteins 1637:1655 127 unique proteins 1637:1655 In the malignat tumor in comparison to benign tumor, 127 unique proteins were identified, especially proteins of the annexin, mucin and peroxiredoxin families. 28471203 2 111 theme specific 324:331 arg1 biomarker 333:341 a specific biomarker 322:341 a specific biomarker 322:341 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 9 112 theme PNGase 1189:1194 arg1 F 1196:1196 the enzyme PNGase F 1178:1196 the enzyme PNGase F 1178:1196 Glycans were released from proteins by the enzyme PNGase F and proteins were digested to peptides by trypsin. 28471203 14 113 from patients 1861:1868 arg1 comparison 1802:1811 comparison 1802:1811 comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1802:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 14 114 theme pilot 1779:1783 arg1 study 1785:1789 a pilot study 1777:1789 a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1777:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 14 114 theme pilot 1779:1783 arg1 investigation 1760:1772 This investigation 1755:1772 This investigation 1755:1772 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 18 115 dep declares 2557:2564 arg1 met 2586:2588 the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13 2571:2649 the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13 2571:2649 The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 28471203 3 116 theme diagnostic 371:380 arg1 biomarkers 382:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 116 theme diagnostic 371:380 arg1 Antigen 430:436 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 397:440 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) 397:449 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 117 theme Cancer 423:428 arg1 biomarkers 382:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 the most common diagnostic biomarkers 355:391 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 117 theme Cancer 423:428 arg1 Antigen 430:436 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 397:440 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) 397:449 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 117 theme Cancer 423:428 arg1 CA 443:444 CA 125 443:448 CA 125 443:448 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 7 118 theme ascites 991:997 arg1 samples 980:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples 943:986 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors 943:1052 MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, samples of ascites from patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors were used. 28471203 6 119 theme clinical 768:775 arg1 material 777:784 Interesting clinical material 756:784 Interesting clinical material 756:784 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 15 120 theme Significant 1912:1922 arg1 differences 1924:1934 Significant differences 1912:1934 Significant differences 1912:1934 Significant differences were found on both glycan and protein levels. 28471203 14 121 theme ascites 1850:1856 arg1 protein 1816:1822 protein 1816:1822 protein 1816:1822 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 14 121 theme ascites 1850:1856 arg1 composition 1835:1845 glycan composition 1828:1845 glycan composition 1828:1845 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 3 122 gly glycoprotein 410:421 arg1 glycoprotein 410:421 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 397:440 the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125) 397:449 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 14 123 from composition 1835:1845 arg1 patients 1861:1868 patients 1861:1868 patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer 1861:1909 CONCLUSION This investigation is a pilot study focused on comparison of protein and glycan composition of ascites in patients with benign and malignant ovarian cancer. 28471203 18 124 theme manuscript 2575:2584 arg1 met 2586:2588 the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13 2571:2649 the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13 2571:2649 The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 13. 28471203 6 125 dep stage 925:929 arg1 IV 939:940 IV 939:940 IV 939:940 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 6 125 dep stage 925:929 arg1 III 931:933 III 931:933 III 931:933 Interesting clinical material is ascites, the fluid accumulated in abdominal cavity, which is typical for ovarian cancer and it is present in almost 90% of all cases of stage III and IV. 28471203 2 126 theme late 291:294 arg1 stages 296:301 late stages 291:301 late stages 291:301 High mortality is caused especially by nonspecific symptoms, diagnosis in late stages and the absence of a specific biomarker. 28471203 12 127 with glycans 1459:1465 arg1 lowm/z 1472:1477 lowm/z 1472:1477 lowm/z 1472:1477 In patient with a benign tumor, more simple glycans with lowm/z were increased while in the patient with a malignant tumor, higher, more complex glycans were increased. 28471203 16 128 theme Youth 2211:2215 arg1 Ministry 2189:2196 the Ministry 2185:2196 the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports 2185:2226 Results will be verified on a larger set of patients and compared with a set of control samples.Key words: glycomics - proteomics - ascitic fluid - ovarian cancer This study was supported by projects of the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports - National Sustainability Program I - LO1413; Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (MMCI, 00209805); Czech Science Foundation 16-04496S. 28471203 3 129 theme Epididymal 462:471 arg1 Protein 473:479 the Human Epididymal Protein 4 452:481 the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) 452:487 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 3 129 theme Epididymal 462:471 arg1 HE4 484:486 HE4 484:486 HE4 484:486 Currently, the most common diagnostic biomarkers are the membrane glycoprotein Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125), the Human Epididymal Protein 4 (HE4) and the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CAE). 28471203 1 130 theme diagnosis 206:214 arg1 years 197:201 5 years 195:201 5 years of diagnosis 195:214 BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, almost 80% of all patients succumb the disease within 5 years of diagnosis. 24678018 5 0 with assignment 894:903 arg1 occupants 951:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 4 1 theme 3D 622:623 arg1 space 640:644 3D physiochemical space 622:644 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass) 622:675 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 5 2 theme positional 940:949 arg1 occupants 951:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 0 3 from analysis 11:18 arg1 fluid 88:92 human cerebrospinal fluid 68:92 human cerebrospinal fluid 68:92 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 2 4 theme diseases 397:404 arg1 pathobiology 367:378 pathobiology 367:378 pathobiology of different CNS diseases 367:404 L-PGDS PTMs may contribute to pathobiology of different CNS diseases, but methods to monitor its proteoforms are limited. 24678018 8 5 from C145 1379:1382 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 5 from C145 1379:1382 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 5 from C145 1379:1382 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 5 from C145 1379:1382 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 9 6 theme improved 1436:1443 arg1 capacity 1450:1457 30-40× improved peak capacity 1429:1457 30-40× improved peak capacity 1429:1457 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 9 7 theme biomarkers 1561:1570 arg1 analysis 1529:1536 repeatable proteoform analysis 1507:1536 repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1507:1570 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 7 8 theme acid 1143:1146 arg1 content 1148:1154 sialic acid content 1136:1154 sialic acid content 1136:1154 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 7 8 theme acid 1143:1146 arg1 factor 1168:1173 a major factor 1160:1173 a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms 1160:1214 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 9 9 theme conventional 1466:1477 arg1 2DE 1479:1481 conventional 2DE 1466:1481 conventional 2DE 1466:1481 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 2 10 theme L-PGDS 337:342 arg1 PTMs 344:347 L-PGDS PTMs 337:347 L-PGDS PTMs 337:347 L-PGDS PTMs may contribute to pathobiology of different CNS diseases, but methods to monitor its proteoforms are limited. 24678018 9 11 theme peak 1445:1448 arg1 capacity 1450:1457 30-40× improved peak capacity 1429:1457 30-40× improved peak capacity 1429:1457 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 5 12 theme peptides 820:827 arg1 analysis 808:815 MS/MS analysis 802:815 MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms 802:870 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 3 13 theme cerebrospinal 575:587 arg1 fluid 589:593 common cerebrospinal fluid 568:593 common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 568:612 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 4 14 theme physiochemical 625:638 arg1 space 640:644 3D physiochemical space 622:644 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass) 622:675 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 5 15 theme PTM 936:938 arg1 occupants 951:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 5 16 theme putative 885:892 arg1 assignment 894:903 the putative assignment 881:903 the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants 881:959 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 2 17 dep methods 411:417 arg1 monitor 422:428 monitor 422:428 to monitor its proteoforms 419:444 L-PGDS PTMs may contribute to pathobiology of different CNS diseases, but methods to monitor its proteoforms are limited. 24678018 1 18 theme Lipocalin-type 207:220 arg1 D-synthase 236:245 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase 207:245 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid 207:277 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 1 18 theme Lipocalin-type 207:220 arg1 L-PGDS 248:253 L-PGDS 248:253 L-PGDS 248:253 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 5 19 theme Glycoprotein 748:759 arg1 information 775:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information 748:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information 748:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 5 20 theme varied 929:934 arg1 occupants 951:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 varied PTM positional occupants 929:959 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 7 21 theme sialic 1136:1141 arg1 content 1148:1154 sialic acid content 1136:1154 sialic acid content 1136:1154 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 7 21 theme sialic 1136:1141 arg1 factor 1168:1173 a major factor 1160:1173 a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms 1160:1214 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 0 22 dep focusing 109:116 arg1 isoelectric 97:107 isoelectric 97:107 isoelectric 97:107 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 0 22 dep focusing 109:116 arg1 chromatography 150:163 liquid chromatography 143:163 liquid chromatography 143:163 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 1 23 theme prostaglandin 222:234 arg1 D-synthase 236:245 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase 207:245 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid 207:277 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 1 23 theme prostaglandin 222:234 arg1 L-PGDS 248:253 L-PGDS 248:253 L-PGDS 248:253 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 7 24 theme L-PGDS 1197:1202 arg1 proteoforms 1204:1214 L-PGDS proteoforms 1197:1214 L-PGDS proteoforms 1197:1214 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 6 25 from N56 1012:1014 arg1 N-glycans 991:999 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans 962:999 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 962:1014 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 24678018 8 26 from T142 1346:1349 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 26 from T142 1346:1349 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 26 from T142 1346:1349 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 26 from T142 1346:1349 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 0 27 theme Proteoform 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Proteoform analysis 0:18 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 0:205 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 3 28 dep Fourier 531:537 arg1 transform 539:547 transform 539:547 transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 539:612 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 4 29 theme putative 682:689 arg1 proteoforms 691:701 217 putative proteoforms 678:701 217 putative proteoforms 678:701 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 0 30 theme lipocalin-type 23:36 arg1 D-synthase 52:61 lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase 23:61 lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry 23:204 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 1 31 theme CNS 332:334 arg1 maintenance 313:323 maintenance 313:323 maintenance 313:323 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 1 31 theme CNS 332:334 arg1 maturation 298:307 maturation 298:307 maturation 298:307 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 6 32 from N29 1004:1006 arg1 N-glycans 991:999 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans 962:999 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 962:1014 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 24678018 8 33 from K138 1317:1320 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 33 from K138 1317:1320 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 33 from K138 1317:1320 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 33 from K138 1317:1320 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 3 34 theme fluid 589:593 arg1 proteoforms 602:612 common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 568:612 common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 568:612 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 8 35 from S41 1338:1340 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 35 from S41 1338:1340 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 35 from S41 1338:1340 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 35 from S41 1338:1340 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 5 36 theme 2D-fractionated 844:858 arg1 proteoforms 860:870 2D-fractionated proteoforms 844:870 2D-fractionated proteoforms 844:870 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 8 37 theme putative 1223:1230 arg1 PTMs 1232:1235 Other putative PTMs 1217:1235 Other putative PTMs characterized 1217:1249 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 0 38 theme liquid 143:148 arg1 chromatography 150:163 liquid chromatography 143:163 liquid chromatography 143:163 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 4 39 dep space 640:644 arg1 mass 671:674 mass 671:674 mass 671:674 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 4 39 dep space 640:644 arg1 pI 647:648 pI 647:648 pI 647:648 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 4 39 dep space 640:644 arg1 hydrophobicity 651:664 hydrophobicity 651:664 hydrophobicity 651:664 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 3 40 theme L-PGDS 595:600 arg1 proteoforms 602:612 common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 568:612 common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 568:612 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 3 41 theme porous 509:514 arg1 SPLC 520:523 SPLC 520:523 SPLC 520:523 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 3 41 theme porous 509:514 arg1 LC 516:517 porous LC 509:517 porous LC (SPLC) 509:524 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 0 42 theme D-synthase 52:61 arg1 analysis 11:18 Proteoform analysis 0:18 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 0:205 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 2 43 theme different 383:391 arg1 diseases 397:404 different CNS diseases 383:404 different CNS diseases 383:404 L-PGDS PTMs may contribute to pathobiology of different CNS diseases, but methods to monitor its proteoforms are limited. 24678018 0 44 theme Fourier 170:176 arg1 spectrometry 193:204 Fourier transform mass spectrometry 170:204 Fourier transform mass spectrometry 170:204 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 6 45 theme amino 1102:1106 arg1 acid 1108:1111 each amino acid 1097:1111 each amino acid 1097:1111 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 24678018 7 46 theme major 1162:1166 arg1 content 1148:1154 sialic acid content 1136:1154 sialic acid content 1136:1154 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 7 46 theme major 1162:1166 arg1 factor 1168:1173 a major factor 1160:1173 a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms 1160:1214 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 0 47 theme prostaglandin 38:50 arg1 D-synthase 52:61 lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase 23:61 lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry 23:204 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 7 48 theme pI 1179:1180 arg1 shifts 1182:1187 pI shifts 1179:1187 pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms 1179:1214 We also observed that sialic acid content was a major factor for pI shifts between L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 0 49 from fluid 88:92 arg1 D-synthase 52:61 lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase 23:61 lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry 23:204 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 0 49 from fluid 88:92 arg1 analysis 11:18 Proteoform analysis 0:18 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 0:205 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 9 50 theme 30-40× 1429:1434 arg1 capacity 1450:1457 30-40× improved peak capacity 1429:1457 30-40× improved peak capacity 1429:1457 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 1 51 theme cerebrospinal 259:271 arg1 fluid 273:277 cerebrospinal fluid 259:277 cerebrospinal fluid 259:277 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 0 52 theme human 68:72 arg1 fluid 88:92 human cerebrospinal fluid 68:92 human cerebrospinal fluid 68:92 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 6 53 theme related 983:989 arg1 N-glycans 991:999 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans 962:999 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 962:1014 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 24678018 0 54 theme mass 188:191 arg1 spectrometry 193:204 Fourier transform mass spectrometry 170:204 Fourier transform mass spectrometry 170:204 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 5 55 theme mass 770:773 arg1 information 775:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information 748:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information 748:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 8 56 from S7 1290:1291 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 56 from S7 1290:1291 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 56 from S7 1290:1291 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 56 from S7 1290:1291 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 2 57 theme CNS 393:395 arg1 diseases 397:404 different CNS diseases 383:404 different CNS diseases 383:404 L-PGDS PTMs may contribute to pathobiology of different CNS diseases, but methods to monitor its proteoforms are limited. 24678018 9 58 theme proteoform 1518:1527 arg1 analysis 1529:1536 repeatable proteoform analysis 1507:1536 repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1507:1570 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 0 59 dep spectrometry 193:204 arg1 transform 178:186 transform 178:186 transform 178:186 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 8 60 from C43 1371:1373 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 60 from C43 1371:1373 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 60 from C43 1371:1373 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 60 from C43 1371:1373 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 61 theme Other 1217:1221 arg1 PTMs 1232:1235 Other putative PTMs 1217:1235 Other putative PTMs characterized 1217:1249 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 5 62 theme MS/MS 802:806 arg1 analysis 808:815 MS/MS analysis 802:815 MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms 802:870 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 4 63 dep 24 728:729 arg1 to 725:726 to 725:726 to 725:726 Across 3D physiochemical space (pI, hydrophobicity, and mass), 217 putative proteoforms were observed from 21 to 24 kDa and pI 5-10. 24678018 9 64 theme IEF-SPLC-MS 1389:1399 arg1 platform 1401:1408 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform 1385:1408 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented 1385:1418 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 3 65 theme common 568:573 arg1 fluid 589:593 common cerebrospinal fluid 568:593 common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms 568:612 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 1 66 from D-synthase 236:245 arg1 fluid 273:277 cerebrospinal fluid 259:277 cerebrospinal fluid 259:277 Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in cerebrospinal fluid contributes to the maturation and maintenance of the CNS. 24678018 9 67 theme surrogate 1541:1549 arg1 biomarkers 1561:1570 surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1541:1570 surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1541:1570 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 8 68 theme core-1 1261:1266 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 6 69 theme compositional 1055:1067 arg1 variants 1069:1076 different N-glycan compositional variants 1036:1076 different N-glycan compositional variants 1036:1076 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 24678018 5 70 theme accurate 761:768 arg1 information 775:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information 748:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information 748:785 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 9 71 theme repeatable 1507:1516 arg1 analysis 1529:1536 repeatable proteoform analysis 1507:1536 repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1507:1570 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 8 72 from K16 1309:1311 arg1 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation 1323:1333 sulfonation at S41 and T142 1323:1349 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 72 from K16 1309:1311 arg1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1268:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan 1259:1285 a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7 1259:1291 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 72 from K16 1309:1311 arg1 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation 1356:1366 dioxidation at C43 and C145 1356:1382 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 8 72 from K16 1309:1311 arg1 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation 1294:1304 acetylation at K16 and K138 1294:1320 Other putative PTMs characterized include a core-1 HexHexNAc-O-glycan at S7, acetylation at K16 and K138, sulfonation at S41 and T142, and dioxidation at C43 and C145. 24678018 9 73 theme PTM-based 1551:1559 arg1 biomarkers 1561:1570 surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1541:1570 surrogate PTM-based biomarkers 1541:1570 The IEF-SPLC-MS platform presented provides 30-40× improved peak capacity versus conventional 2DE and shows potential for repeatable proteoform analysis of surrogate PTM-based biomarkers. 24678018 3 74 theme off-gel 479:485 arg1 IEF 487:489 off-gel IEF 479:489 off-gel IEF 479:489 Herein, we combined off-gel IEF and superficially porous LC (SPLC) with Fourier transform MS to characterize common cerebrospinal fluid L-PGDS proteoforms. 24678018 6 75 theme N-glycan 1046:1053 arg1 variants 1069:1076 different N-glycan compositional variants 1036:1076 different N-glycan compositional variants 1036:1076 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 24678018 0 76 theme cerebrospinal 74:86 arg1 fluid 88:92 human cerebrospinal fluid 68:92 human cerebrospinal fluid 68:92 Proteoform analysis of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase from human cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing and superficially porous liquid chromatography with Fourier transform mass spectrometry. 24678018 5 77 theme proteoforms 912:922 arg1 assignment 894:903 the putative assignment 881:903 the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants 881:959 Glycoprotein accurate mass information, combined with MS/MS analysis of peptides generated from 2D-fractionated proteoforms, enabled the putative assignment of 208 proteoforms with varied PTM positional occupants. 24678018 6 78 theme different 1036:1044 arg1 variants 1069:1076 different N-glycan compositional variants 1036:1076 different N-glycan compositional variants 1036:1076 Fifteen structurally related N-glycans at N29 and N56 were observed, with different N-glycan compositional variants being preferred on each amino acid. 28729422 5 0 theme folded 774:779 arg1 repeats 798:804 folded and unfolded EGF repeats 774:804 folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 774:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 7 1 theme unfolding 1105:1113 arg1 assays 1115:1120 In vitro unfolding assays 1096:1120 In vitro unfolding assays 1096:1120 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 6 2 from manner 1088:1093 arg1 dependent 1025:1033 dependent 1025:1033 dependent 1025:1033 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 3 3 theme ER-localized 514:525 arg1 enzymes 527:533 several ER-localized enzymes 506:533 several ER-localized enzymes 506:533 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 3 theme ER-localized 514:525 arg1 O-glucosyltransferase 554:574 protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 546:576 protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) 546:586 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 3 theme ER-localized 514:525 arg1 POFUT1 592:597 POFUT1 592:597 POFUT1 592:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 8 4 theme Å 1415:1415 arg1 resolution 1417:1426 2.2 Å resolution 1411:1426 2.2 Å resolution 1411:1426 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 5 5 from repeats 899:905 arg1 proteins 910:917 proteins 910:917 proteins such as Notch 910:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 5 5 from repeats 899:905 arg1 Notch 927:931 Notch 927:931 Notch 927:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 4 6 theme Notch 701:705 arg1 function 707:714 full Notch function 696:714 full Notch function 696:714 Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. 28729422 6 7 theme Notch1 998:1003 arg1 expression 973:982 cell-surface expression 960:982 cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells 960:1020 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 6 8 theme additive 1079:1086 arg1 manner 1088:1093 an additive manner 1076:1093 an additive manner 1076:1093 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 8 9 theme O-glucose 1384:1392 arg1 trisaccharide 1394:1406 a full O-glucose trisaccharide 1377:1406 a full O-glucose trisaccharide 1377:1406 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 6 10 from dependent 1025:1033 arg1 manner 1088:1093 an additive manner 1076:1093 an additive manner 1076:1093 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 9 11 theme chemical 1557:1564 arg1 basis 1566:1570 a chemical basis 1555:1570 a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans 1555:1613 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 9 12 theme EGF 1500:1502 arg1 groove 1486:1491 a surface groove 1476:1491 a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein 1476:1542 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 8 13 theme repeat 1347:1352 arg1 structure 1321:1329 the crystal structure 1309:1329 the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution 1309:1426 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 6 14 theme endogenous 987:996 arg1 Notch1 998:1003 endogenous Notch1 987:1003 endogenous Notch1 987:1003 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 0 15 theme Notch 102:106 arg1 trafficking 108:118 Notch trafficking 102:118 Notch trafficking 102:118 O-Glycosylation modulates the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thereby regulates Notch trafficking. 28729422 10 16 theme Notch 1790:1794 arg1 trafficking 1796:1806 Notch trafficking 1790:1806 Notch trafficking in cells 1790:1815 Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells. 28729422 8 17 theme crystal 1313:1319 arg1 structure 1321:1329 the crystal structure 1309:1329 the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution 1309:1426 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 7 18 theme O-glucose 1225:1233 arg1 addition 1208:1215 addition 1208:1215 addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose 1208:1246 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 5 19 theme repeats 899:905 arg1 folding 884:890 folding 884:890 folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 884:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 5 20 theme control 864:870 arg1 pathway 872:878 a quality control pathway 854:878 a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 854:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 3 21 theme protein 546:552 arg1 O-glucosyltransferase 554:574 protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 546:576 protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) 546:586 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 21 theme protein 546:552 arg1 POGLUT1 579:585 POGLUT1 579:585 POGLUT1 579:585 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 22 theme small 441:445 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 22 theme small 441:445 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 0 23 theme growth 53:58 arg1 repeats 72:78 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 43:78 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 43:78 O-Glycosylation modulates the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thereby regulates Notch trafficking. 28729422 5 24 theme unfolded 785:792 arg1 repeats 798:804 folded and unfolded EGF repeats 774:804 folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 774:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 2 25 theme control 282:288 arg1 mechanism 290:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism 255:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 255:386 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 10 26 from trafficking 1796:1806 arg1 cells 1811:1815 cells 1811:1815 cells 1811:1815 Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells. 28729422 3 27 theme cysteine-rich 447:459 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 27 theme cysteine-rich 447:459 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 28 theme growth 399:404 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 28 theme growth 399:404 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 10 29 theme individual 1711:1720 arg1 repeats 1726:1732 individual EGF repeats 1711:1732 individual EGF repeats 1711:1732 Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells. 28729422 7 30 theme additive 1273:1280 arg1 manner 1282:1287 an additive manner 1270:1287 an additive manner 1270:1287 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 8 31 theme EGF 1343:1345 arg1 repeat 1347:1352 a single EGF repeat 1334:1352 a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution 1334:1426 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 7 32 theme O-fucose 1159:1166 arg1 addition 1134:1141 addition 1134:1141 addition of O-glucose or O-fucose 1134:1166 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 4 33 theme EGF 662:664 arg1 repeats 666:672 multiple EGF repeats 653:672 multiple EGF repeats 653:672 Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. 28729422 3 34 theme factor-like 406:416 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 34 theme factor-like 406:416 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 5 35 from proteins 910:917 arg1 folding 884:890 folding 884:890 folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 884:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 2 36 theme type 330:333 arg1 repeats 337:343 thrombospondin type 1 repeats 315:343 thrombospondin type 1 repeats 315:343 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 1 37 theme protein 196:202 arg1 folding 204:210 protein folding 196:210 protein folding 196:210 Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. 28729422 7 38 theme O-glucose 1146:1154 arg1 addition 1134:1141 addition 1134:1141 addition of O-glucose or O-fucose 1134:1166 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 6 39 theme cell-surface 960:971 arg1 expression 973:982 cell-surface expression 960:982 cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells 960:1020 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 3 40 gly O-glycosylated 488:501 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 40 gly O-glycosylated 488:501 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 41 theme Epidermal 389:397 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 41 theme Epidermal 389:397 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 9 42 theme multiple 1509:1516 arg1 contacts 1518:1525 multiple contacts 1509:1525 multiple contacts with the protein 1509:1542 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 3 43 theme several 506:512 arg1 enzymes 527:533 several ER-localized enzymes 506:533 several ER-localized enzymes 506:533 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 43 theme several 506:512 arg1 O-glucosyltransferase 554:574 protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 546:576 protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) 546:586 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 43 theme several 506:512 arg1 POFUT1 592:597 POFUT1 592:597 POFUT1 592:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 10 44 theme EGF 1722:1724 arg1 repeats 1726:1732 individual EGF repeats 1711:1732 individual EGF repeats 1711:1732 Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells. 28729422 9 45 theme surface 1478:1484 arg1 groove 1486:1491 a surface groove 1476:1491 a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein 1476:1542 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 0 46 theme epidermal 43:51 arg1 repeats 72:78 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 43:78 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 43:78 O-Glycosylation modulates the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thereby regulates Notch trafficking. 28729422 2 47 theme thrombospondin 315:328 arg1 repeats 337:343 thrombospondin type 1 repeats 315:343 thrombospondin type 1 repeats 315:343 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 6 48 from expression 973:982 arg1 cells 1016:1020 HEK293T cells 1008:1020 HEK293T cells 1008:1020 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 1 49 theme quality 216:222 arg1 control 224:230 quality control 216:230 quality control 216:230 Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. 28729422 4 50 from receptor 641:648 arg1 repeats 666:672 multiple EGF repeats 653:672 multiple EGF repeats 653:672 Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. 28729422 3 51 theme protein 461:467 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 51 theme protein 461:467 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 5 52 theme EGF 794:796 arg1 repeats 798:804 folded and unfolded EGF repeats 774:804 folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 774:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 9 53 with contacts 1518:1525 arg1 protein 1536:1542 the protein 1532:1542 the protein 1532:1542 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 7 54 theme single 1181:1186 arg1 repeat 1192:1197 a single EGF repeat 1179:1197 a single EGF repeat 1179:1197 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 4 55 theme multiple 653:660 arg1 repeats 666:672 multiple EGF repeats 653:672 multiple EGF repeats 653:672 Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. 28729422 0 56 theme factor-like 60:70 arg1 repeats 72:78 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 43:78 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 43:78 O-Glycosylation modulates the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thereby regulates Notch trafficking. 28729422 7 57 theme EGF 1188:1190 arg1 repeat 1192:1197 a single EGF repeat 1179:1197 a single EGF repeat 1179:1197 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 8 58 theme full 1379:1382 arg1 trisaccharide 1394:1406 a full O-glucose trisaccharide 1377:1406 a full O-glucose trisaccharide 1377:1406 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 8 59 theme single 1336:1341 arg1 repeat 1347:1352 a single EGF repeat 1334:1352 a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution 1334:1426 Finally, we solved the crystal structure of a single EGF repeat covalently modified by a full O-glucose trisaccharide at 2.2 Å resolution. 28729422 3 60 theme EGF 419:421 arg1 motifs 469:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs 441:474 small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1 441:597 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 3 60 theme EGF 419:421 arg1 repeats 424:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats 389:430 Epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats are also small cysteine-rich protein motifs that can be O-glycosylated by several ER-localized enzymes, including protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1) and POFUT1. 28729422 6 61 theme POGLUT1 1054:1060 arg1 presence 1042:1049 the presence 1038:1049 the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 1038:1071 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 9 62 theme stabilizing 1580:1590 arg1 effects 1592:1598 the stabilizing effects 1576:1598 the stabilizing effects of the glycans 1576:1613 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 2 63 theme protein 348:354 arg1 O-fucosyltransferase 356:375 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 348:377 protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 348:386 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 2 63 theme protein 348:354 arg1 POFUT2 380:385 POFUT2 380:385 POFUT2 380:385 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 7 64 theme O-fucose 1239:1246 arg1 addition 1208:1215 addition 1208:1215 addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose 1208:1246 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 2 65 theme quality 274:280 arg1 mechanism 290:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism 255:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 255:386 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 9 66 with EGF 1500:1502 arg1 contacts 1518:1525 multiple contacts 1509:1525 multiple contacts with the protein 1509:1542 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 1 67 theme endoplasmic 142:152 arg1 ER 165:166 ER 165:166 ER 165:166 Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. 28729422 1 67 theme endoplasmic 142:152 arg1 reticulum 154:162 the endoplasmic reticulum 138:162 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 138:167 Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. 28729422 1 68 from Glycosylation 121:133 arg1 ER 165:166 ER 165:166 ER 165:166 Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. 28729422 1 68 from Glycosylation 121:133 arg1 reticulum 154:162 the endoplasmic reticulum 138:162 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 138:167 Glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely associated with protein folding and quality control. 28729422 10 69 theme O-glucose 1669:1677 arg1 glycans 1679:1685 O-glucose glycans 1669:1685 O-glucose glycans 1669:1685 Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells. 28729422 7 70 dep In 1096:1097 arg1 vitro 1099:1103 vitro 1099:1103 vitro 1099:1103 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 2 71 theme ER 271:272 arg1 mechanism 290:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism 255:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 255:386 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 7 72 theme In 1096:1097 arg1 assays 1115:1120 In vitro unfolding assays 1096:1120 In vitro unfolding assays 1096:1120 In vitro unfolding assays reveal that addition of O-glucose or O-fucose stabilizes a single EGF repeat and that addition of both O-glucose and O-fucose enhances stability in an additive manner. 28729422 2 73 theme repeats 337:343 arg1 folding 304:310 folding 304:310 folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 304:386 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 10 74 theme intramolecular 1742:1755 arg1 interactions 1757:1768 intramolecular interactions 1742:1768 intramolecular interactions 1742:1768 Taken together, this work suggests that O-fucose and O-glucose glycans cooperatively stabilize individual EGF repeats through intramolecular interactions, thereby regulating Notch trafficking in cells. 28729422 9 75 theme glycans 1607:1613 arg1 effects 1592:1598 the stabilizing effects 1576:1598 the stabilizing effects of the glycans 1576:1613 The structure reveals that the glycan fills up a surface groove of the EGF with multiple contacts with the protein, providing a chemical basis for the stabilizing effects of the glycans. 28729422 5 76 theme quality 856:862 arg1 pathway 872:878 a quality control pathway 854:878 a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 854:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 2 77 theme non-canonical 257:269 arg1 mechanism 290:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism 255:298 a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) 255:386 We recently described a non-canonical ER quality control mechanism for folding of thrombospondin type 1 repeats by protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2). 28729422 5 78 from folding 884:890 arg1 proteins 910:917 proteins 910:917 proteins such as Notch 910:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 5 78 from folding 884:890 arg1 Notch 927:931 Notch 927:931 Notch 927:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 4 79 theme full 696:699 arg1 function 707:714 full Notch function 696:714 full Notch function 696:714 Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. 28729422 6 80 theme POFUT1 1066:1071 arg1 presence 1042:1049 the presence 1038:1049 the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 1038:1071 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28729422 4 81 theme Notch 635:639 arg1 receptor 641:648 the Notch receptor 631:648 the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats 631:672 Both POGLUT1 and POFUT1 modify the Notch receptor on multiple EGF repeats and are essential for full Notch function. 28729422 0 82 theme repeats 72:78 arg1 stability 30:38 the stability 26:38 the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats 26:78 O-Glycosylation modulates the stability of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thereby regulates Notch trafficking. 28729422 5 83 theme EGF 895:897 arg1 repeats 899:905 EGF repeats 895:905 EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch 895:931 The fact that POGLUT1 and POFUT1 can distinguish between folded and unfolded EGF repeats raised the possibility that they participate in a quality control pathway for folding of EGF repeats in proteins such as Notch. 28729422 6 84 theme HEK293T 1008:1014 arg1 cells 1016:1020 HEK293T cells 1008:1020 HEK293T cells 1008:1020 Here, we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of endogenous Notch1 in HEK293T cells is dependent on the presence of POGLUT1 and POFUT1 in an additive manner. 28119471 8 0 theme antigen 1145:1151 arg1 structures 1153:1162 H antigen structures 1143:1162 H antigen structures 1143:1162 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 8 1 theme M1T1 951:954 arg1 GAS 956:958 M1T1 GAS 951:958 M1T1 GAS 951:958 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 6 2 theme galactose 801:809 arg1 structures 831:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 2 3 theme invasive 332:339 arg1 disease 341:347 invasive disease 332:347 invasive disease 332:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 15 4 theme host 2250:2253 arg1 antigen 2267:2273 host blood group antigen 2250:2273 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 11 5 theme invasive 1623:1630 arg1 nature 1632:1637 the invasive nature 1619:1637 the invasive nature of this serotype 1619:1654 Intensive research has focused on mechanisms that contribute to the invasive nature of this serotype, while the mechanisms that contribute to host susceptibility to disease and bacterial colonization and persistence are still poorly understood. 28119471 6 6 theme several 784:790 arg1 structures 831:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 2 7 from pharyngitis 316:326 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 12 8 theme antigen 1905:1911 arg1 structures 1913:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 8 9 theme A 1193:1193 arg1 structures 1213:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 10 10 theme clone 1548:1552 arg1 emergence 1506:1514 the emergence 1502:1514 the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1502:1552 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 2 11 theme isolated 278:285 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 8 12 theme B 1196:1196 arg1 structures 1213:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 4 13 theme GAS 603:605 arg1 clone 607:611 the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 572:616 the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 572:616 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 10 14 theme M1T1 1539:1542 arg1 clone 1548:1552 the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1519:1552 the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1519:1552 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 13 15 theme M1 1967:1968 arg1 protein 1970:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 13 15 theme M1 1967:1968 arg1 protein 2006:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 13 16 theme structures 2061:2070 arg1 range 2030:2034 a wide range 2023:2034 a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures 2023:2070 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 3 17 theme group 470:474 arg1 family 484:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 12 18 theme group 1899:1903 arg1 structures 1913:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 8 19 from result 1013:1018 arg1 expression 1069:1078 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 5 20 theme virulence 694:702 arg1 factors 704:710 GAS virulence factors 690:710 GAS virulence factors 690:710 Preeminent among GAS virulence factors is the surface-expressed M protein. 28119471 15 21 theme selective 2301:2309 arg1 pressure 2311:2318 a selective pressure 2299:2318 a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS 2299:2387 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 15 21 theme selective 2301:2309 arg1 variations 2236:2245 variations 2236:2245 variations in host blood group antigen expression 2236:2284 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 8 22 theme antigen 1205:1211 arg1 structures 1213:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 15 23 dep dissemination 2340:2352 arg1 the 2336:2338 the 2336:2338 the 2336:2338 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 14 24 from susceptibility 2095:2108 arg1 tract 2142:2146 the oral tract 2133:2146 the oral tract 2133:2146 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 11 25 theme host 1697:1700 arg1 susceptibility 1702:1715 host susceptibility 1697:1715 host susceptibility to disease 1697:1726 Intensive research has focused on mechanisms that contribute to the invasive nature of this serotype, while the mechanisms that contribute to host susceptibility to disease and bacterial colonization and persistence are still poorly understood. 28119471 9 26 theme novel 1246:1250 arg1 mechanism 1252:1260 a novel mechanism 1244:1260 a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells 1244:1293 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 2 27 theme GAS 238:240 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 27 theme GAS 238:240 arg1 one 251:253 one 251:253 one 251:253 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 27 theme GAS 238:240 arg1 clone 242:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 1 28 theme A 130:130 arg1 [GAS 146:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 1 28 theme A 130:130 arg1 pyogenes 114:121 Streptococcus pyogenes 100:121 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) 100:151 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 12 29 from abundant 1881:1888 arg1 structures 1913:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 15 30 theme M1T1 2380:2383 arg1 GAS 2385:2387 M1T1 GAS 2380:2387 M1T1 GAS 2380:2387 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 0 31 theme Streptococcal 48:60 arg1 Protein 64:70 the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 36:70 the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 36:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 15 32 theme GAS 2385:2387 arg1 overrepresentation 2358:2375 overrepresentation 2358:2375 overrepresentation 2358:2375 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 15 32 theme GAS 2385:2387 arg1 dissemination 2340:2352 dissemination 2340:2352 dissemination 2340:2352 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 2 33 theme virulent 224:231 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 33 theme virulent 224:231 arg1 one 251:253 one 251:253 one 251:253 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 33 theme virulent 224:231 arg1 clone 242:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 8 34 from expression 1069:1078 arg1 result 1013:1018 a result 1011:1018 a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression 1011:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 13 35 theme wide 2025:2028 arg1 range 2030:2034 a wide range 2023:2034 a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures 2023:2070 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 13 36 theme host-expressed 2039:2052 arg1 structures 2061:2070 host-expressed glycan structures 2039:2070 host-expressed glycan structures 2039:2070 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 0 37 theme Host 81:84 arg1 Colonization 86:97 Host Colonization 81:97 Host Colonization 81:97 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 9 38 theme host 1284:1287 arg1 cells 1289:1293 host cells 1284:1293 host cells 1284:1293 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 8 39 theme phenotypic 1023:1032 arg1 differences 1034:1044 phenotypic differences 1023:1044 phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression 1023:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 5 40 theme surface-expressed 719:735 arg1 protein 739:745 the surface-expressed M protein 715:745 the surface-expressed M protein 715:745 Preeminent among GAS virulence factors is the surface-expressed M protein. 28119471 5 40 theme surface-expressed 719:735 arg1 Preeminent 673:682 Preeminent 673:682 Preeminent 673:682 Preeminent among GAS virulence factors is the surface-expressed M protein. 28119471 13 41 theme surface 1998:2004 arg1 protein 1970:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 13 41 theme surface 1998:2004 arg1 protein 2006:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 10 42 theme A 1433:1433 arg1 GAS 1450:1452 GAS 1450:1452 GAS 1450:1452 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 10 42 theme A 1433:1433 arg1 streptococcal 1435:1447 group A streptococcal 1427:1447 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 0 43 theme M 62:62 arg1 Protein 64:70 the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 36:70 the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 36:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 14 44 theme antigen 2210:2216 arg1 expression 2218:2227 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 0 45 theme Blood 0:4 arg1 Recognition 20:30 Blood Group Antigen Recognition 0:30 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 0:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 8 46 theme group 1055:1059 arg1 antigen 1061:1067 blood group antigen 1049:1067 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 7 47 theme B 918:918 arg1 domains 927:933 its B repeat domains 914:933 its B repeat domains 914:933 Deletion mutagenesis shows that M1 protein mediates glycan binding via its B repeat domains. 28119471 3 48 theme oral 354:357 arg1 tract 370:374 The oral epithelial tract 350:374 The oral epithelial tract 350:374 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 48 theme oral 354:357 arg1 niche 381:385 a niche 379:385 a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 379:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 8 49 theme epithelial 970:979 arg1 cells 981:985 oral epithelial cells 965:985 oral epithelial cells 965:985 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 14 50 theme blood 2198:2202 arg1 antigen 2210:2216 host blood group antigen 2193:2216 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 0 51 theme Antigen 12:18 arg1 Recognition 20:30 Blood Group Antigen Recognition 0:30 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 0:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 1 52 theme Streptococcus 100:112 arg1 [GAS 146:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 1 52 theme Streptococcus 100:112 arg1 pyogenes 114:121 Streptococcus pyogenes 100:121 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) 100:151 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 9 53 theme blood 1327:1331 arg1 expression 1347:1356 host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization 1322:1382 expression 1347:1356 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 13 54 theme protein 1970:1976 arg1 interaction 1948:1958 the interaction 1944:1958 the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures 1944:2070 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 3 55 theme H 461:461 arg1 family 484:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 0 56 theme Group 40:44 arg1 Streptococcal 48:60 the Group A Streptococcal 36:60 the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 36:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 9 57 theme antigen 1339:1345 arg1 expression 1347:1356 host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization 1322:1382 expression 1347:1356 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 8 58 theme higher 1100:1105 arg1 adherence 1107:1115 significantly higher adherence 1086:1115 significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures 1086:1222 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 12 59 from structures 1913:1922 arg1 abundant 1881:1888 abundant 1881:1888 abundant 1881:1888 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 3 60 theme ABO 457:459 arg1 family 484:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 15 61 theme antigen 2267:2273 arg1 expression 2275:2284 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 12 62 theme GAS 1809:1811 arg1 clone 1813:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone 1800:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone 1800:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 6 63 theme group 817:821 arg1 structures 831:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 4 64 dep numerous 633:640 arg1 diverse 656:662 diverse 656:662 diverse 656:662 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 3 65 gly glycosylated 406:417 arg1 structures 419:428 glycosylated structures 406:428 glycosylated structures 406:428 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 65 gly glycosylated 406:417 arg1 those 444:448 those 444:448 those 444:448 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 66 theme antigen 476:482 arg1 family 484:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 9 67 theme GAS 1367:1369 arg1 colonization 1371:1382 host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization 1322:1382 colonization 1371:1382 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 8 68 theme GAS 956:958 arg1 Association 936:946 Association 936:946 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells 936:985 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 3 69 theme blood 464:468 arg1 family 484:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 453:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 8 70 theme H 1143:1143 arg1 structures 1153:1162 H antigen structures 1143:1162 H antigen structures 1143:1162 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 8 71 theme oral 965:968 arg1 cells 981:985 oral epithelial cells 965:985 oral epithelial cells 965:985 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 10 72 theme virulent 1530:1537 arg1 clone 1548:1552 the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1519:1552 the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1519:1552 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 6 73 theme terminal 792:799 arg1 structures 831:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 7 74 theme M1 875:876 arg1 protein 878:884 M1 protein 875:884 M1 protein 875:884 Deletion mutagenesis shows that M1 protein mediates glycan binding via its B repeat domains. 28119471 4 75 theme strain 547:552 arg1 representative 554:567 a strain representative 545:567 a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 545:616 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 14 76 theme oral 2137:2140 arg1 tract 2142:2146 the oral tract 2133:2146 the oral tract 2133:2146 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 2 77 from disease 341:347 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 6 78 theme high 766:769 arg1 affinity 771:778 high affinity 766:778 high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 766:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 2 79 theme serotypes 287:295 arg1 clone 242:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 79 theme serotypes 287:295 arg1 one 251:253 one 251:253 one 251:253 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 79 theme serotypes 287:295 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 7 80 theme Deletion 843:850 arg1 mutagenesis 852:862 Deletion mutagenesis 843:862 Deletion mutagenesis 843:862 Deletion mutagenesis shows that M1 protein mediates glycan binding via its B repeat domains. 28119471 8 81 from differences 1034:1044 arg1 expression 1069:1078 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 4 82 theme numerous 633:640 arg1 glycans 664:670 numerous, structurally diverse glycans 633:670 numerous, structurally diverse glycans 633:670 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 10 83 theme GAS 1544:1546 arg1 clone 1548:1552 the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1519:1552 the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 1519:1552 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 15 84 from variations 2236:2245 arg1 expression 2275:2284 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 4 85 theme M1T1 598:601 arg1 clone 607:611 the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 572:616 the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 572:616 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 5 86 theme GAS 690:692 arg1 factors 704:710 GAS virulence factors 690:710 GAS virulence factors 690:710 Preeminent among GAS virulence factors is the surface-expressed M protein. 28119471 12 87 theme blood 1893:1897 arg1 structures 1913:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 blood group antigen structures 1893:1922 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 4 88 theme clone 607:611 arg1 representative 554:567 a strain representative 545:567 a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 545:616 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 8 89 theme AB 1202:1203 arg1 structures 1213:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 A, B, or AB antigen structures 1193:1222 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 1 90 theme group 124:128 arg1 [GAS 146:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 1 90 theme group 124:128 arg1 pyogenes 114:121 Streptococcus pyogenes 100:121 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) 100:151 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 2 91 theme streptococcal 302:314 arg1 pharyngitis 316:326 streptococcal pharyngitis 302:326 streptococcal pharyngitis 302:326 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 5 92 theme M 737:737 arg1 protein 739:745 the surface-expressed M protein 715:745 the surface-expressed M protein 715:745 Preeminent among GAS virulence factors is the surface-expressed M protein. 28119471 5 92 theme M 737:737 arg1 Preeminent 673:682 Preeminent 673:682 Preeminent 673:682 Preeminent among GAS virulence factors is the surface-expressed M protein. 28119471 13 93 theme glycan 2054:2059 arg1 structures 2061:2070 host-expressed glycan structures 2039:2070 host-expressed glycan structures 2039:2070 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 2 94 theme M1T1 233:236 arg1 serotypes 287:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes 258:295 the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease 258:347 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 94 theme M1T1 233:236 arg1 one 251:253 one 251:253 one 251:253 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 2 94 theme M1T1 233:236 arg1 clone 242:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone 213:246 The highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes from streptococcal pharyngitis and invasive disease. 28119471 1 95 theme streptococcus 132:144 arg1 [GAS 146:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 group A streptococcus [GAS 124:149 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 1 95 theme streptococcus 132:144 arg1 pyogenes 114:121 Streptococcus pyogenes 100:121 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) 100:151 Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is responsible for over 500,000 deaths worldwide each year. 28119471 14 96 from differences 2178:2188 arg1 expression 2218:2227 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 12 97 attach isolated 1833:1840 arg2 clone 1813:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone 1800:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone 1800:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 12 97 attach isolated 1833:1840 arg1 throat 1851:1856 throat 1851:1856 throat 1851:1856 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 12 97 attach isolated 1833:1840 arg1 environment 1862:1872 an environment 1859:1872 an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures 1859:1922 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 9 98 theme GAS 1266:1268 arg1 attachment 1270:1279 GAS attachment 1266:1279 GAS attachment to host cells 1266:1293 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 13 99 theme preeminent 1983:1992 arg1 protein 1970:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 13 99 theme preeminent 1983:1992 arg1 protein 2006:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 12 100 theme abundant 1881:1888 arg1 throat 1851:1856 throat 1851:1856 throat 1851:1856 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 12 100 theme abundant 1881:1888 arg1 environment 1862:1872 an environment 1859:1872 an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures 1859:1922 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 11 101 theme bacterial 1732:1740 arg1 colonization 1742:1753 bacterial colonization 1732:1753 bacterial colonization 1732:1753 Intensive research has focused on mechanisms that contribute to the invasive nature of this serotype, while the mechanisms that contribute to host susceptibility to disease and bacterial colonization and persistence are still poorly understood. 28119471 3 102 from abundant 394:401 arg1 structures 419:428 glycosylated structures 406:428 glycosylated structures 406:428 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 102 from abundant 394:401 arg1 those 444:448 those 444:448 those 444:448 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 8 103 theme differences 1034:1044 arg1 result 1013:1018 a result 1011:1018 a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression 1011:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 13 104 theme GAS 1994:1996 arg1 protein 1970:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 the M1 protein 1963:1976 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 13 104 theme GAS 1994:1996 arg1 protein 2006:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 the preeminent GAS surface protein 1979:2012 This work examined the interaction of the M1 protein, the preeminent GAS surface protein, against a wide range of host-expressed glycan structures. 28119471 8 105 theme blood 1049:1053 arg1 antigen 1061:1067 blood group antigen 1049:1067 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 10 106 theme streptococcal 1435:1447 arg1 disease 1464:1470 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 0 107 theme Group 6:10 arg1 Recognition 20:30 Blood Group Antigen Recognition 0:30 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 0:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 10 108 from resurgence 1413:1422 arg1 disease 1464:1470 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 8 109 theme antigen 1061:1067 arg1 expression 1069:1078 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 blood group antigen expression 1049:1078 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 10 110 theme group 1427:1431 arg1 GAS 1450:1452 GAS 1450:1452 GAS 1450:1452 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 10 110 theme group 1427:1431 arg1 streptococcal 1435:1447 group A streptococcal 1427:1447 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 14 111 theme group 2204:2208 arg1 antigen 2210:2216 host blood group antigen 2193:2216 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 3 112 theme glycosylated 406:417 arg1 structures 419:428 glycosylated structures 406:428 glycosylated structures 406:428 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 112 theme glycosylated 406:417 arg1 those 444:448 those 444:448 those 444:448 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 7 113 theme repeat 920:925 arg1 domains 927:933 its B repeat domains 914:933 its B repeat domains 914:933 Deletion mutagenesis shows that M1 protein mediates glycan binding via its B repeat domains. 28119471 3 114 theme epithelial 359:368 arg1 tract 370:374 The oral epithelial tract 350:374 The oral epithelial tract 350:374 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 114 theme epithelial 359:368 arg1 niche 381:385 a niche 379:385 a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 379:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 10 115 theme invasive 1455:1462 arg1 disease 1464:1470 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease 1427:1470 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 11 116 theme serotype 1647:1654 arg1 nature 1632:1637 the invasive nature 1619:1637 the invasive nature of this serotype 1619:1654 Intensive research has focused on mechanisms that contribute to the invasive nature of this serotype, while the mechanisms that contribute to host susceptibility to disease and bacterial colonization and persistence are still poorly understood. 28119471 14 117 theme host 2193:2196 arg1 antigen 2210:2216 host blood group antigen 2193:2216 host blood group antigen expression 2193:2227 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 9 118 theme host 1322:1325 arg1 expression 1347:1356 host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization 1322:1382 expression 1347:1356 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 3 119 theme abundant 394:401 arg1 tract 370:374 The oral epithelial tract 350:374 The oral epithelial tract 350:374 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 3 119 theme abundant 394:401 arg1 niche 381:385 a niche 379:385 a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family 379:489 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 15 120 theme blood 2255:2259 arg1 antigen 2267:2273 host blood group antigen 2250:2273 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28119471 6 121 theme M1 748:749 arg1 protein 751:757 M1 protein 748:757 M1 protein 748:757 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 0 122 theme A 46:46 arg1 Streptococcal 48:60 the Group A Streptococcal 36:60 the Group A Streptococcal M Protein 36:70 Blood Group Antigen Recognition via the Group A Streptococcal M Protein Mediates Host Colonization. 28119471 9 123 theme group 1333:1337 arg1 expression 1347:1356 host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization 1322:1382 expression 1347:1356 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 12 124 theme M1T1 1804:1807 arg1 clone 1813:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone 1800:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone 1800:1817 The M1T1 GAS clone is frequently isolated from the throat, an environment highly abundant in blood group antigen structures. 28119471 8 125 with Association 936:946 arg1 cells 981:985 oral epithelial cells 965:985 oral epithelial cells 965:985 Association of M1T1 GAS with oral epithelial cells varied significantly as a result of phenotypic differences in blood group antigen expression, with significantly higher adherence to those cells expressing H antigen structures compared to cells expressing A, B, or AB antigen structures. 28119471 4 126 theme high-throughput 500:514 arg1 approach 516:523 a high-throughput approach 498:523 a high-throughput approach 498:523 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 10 127 dep IMPORTANCE 1385:1394 arg1 There 1396:1400 There 1396:1400 There 1396:1400 IMPORTANCE There has been a resurgence in group A streptococcal (GAS) invasive disease, which has been paralleled by the emergence of the highly virulent M1T1 GAS clone. 28119471 6 128 theme antigen 823:829 arg1 structures 831:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 11 129 theme Intensive 1555:1563 arg1 research 1565:1572 Intensive research 1555:1572 Intensive research 1555:1572 Intensive research has focused on mechanisms that contribute to the invasive nature of this serotype, while the mechanisms that contribute to host susceptibility to disease and bacterial colonization and persistence are still poorly understood. 28119471 7 130 theme glycan 895:900 arg1 binding 902:908 glycan binding 895:908 glycan binding 895:908 Deletion mutagenesis shows that M1 protein mediates glycan binding via its B repeat domains. 28119471 9 131 theme M1T1 1362:1365 arg1 colonization 1371:1382 host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization 1322:1382 colonization 1371:1382 These data suggest a novel mechanism for GAS attachment to host cells and propose a link between host blood group antigen expression and M1T1 GAS colonization. 28119471 6 132 theme blood 811:815 arg1 structures 831:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures 784:840 M1 protein showed high affinity for several terminal galactose blood group antigen structures. 28119471 4 133 theme disseminated 585:596 arg1 clone 607:611 the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 572:616 the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 572:616 Using a high-throughput approach, we determined that a strain representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 GAS clone 5448 interacts with numerous, structurally diverse glycans. 28119471 14 134 theme phenotypic 2167:2176 arg1 differences 2178:2188 phenotypic differences 2167:2188 phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression 2167:2227 Our data suggest that susceptibility to infection by GAS in the oral tract may correlate with phenotypic differences in host blood group antigen expression. 28119471 3 135 from structures 419:428 arg1 abundant 394:401 abundant 394:401 abundant 394:401 The oral epithelial tract is a niche highly abundant in glycosylated structures, particularly those of the ABO(H) blood group antigen family. 28119471 15 136 theme group 2261:2265 arg1 antigen 2267:2273 host blood group antigen 2250:2273 host blood group antigen expression 2250:2284 Thus, variations in host blood group antigen expression may serve as a selective pressure contributing to the dissemination and overrepresentation of M1T1 GAS. 28283092 2 0 theme risk 449:452 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 0 theme risk 449:452 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 0 theme risk 449:452 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 0 theme risk 449:452 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 0 theme risk 449:452 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 9 1 theme DNA 1254:1256 arg1 levels 1258:1263 cell-free DNA levels 1244:1263 cell-free DNA levels 1244:1263 There was no association between cell-free DNA levels and lifestyle. 28283092 1 2 theme certain 136:142 arg1 exposures 158:166 certain environmental exposures 136:166 certain environmental exposures 136:166 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 10 3 dep higher 1311:1316 arg1 median 1340:1345 median 1340:1345 median 1340:1345 MN frequency was significantly higher in NBDM than in NBHM (median, 0.6 vs. 0.3%, p<0.001). 28283092 3 4 theme Genomic 734:740 arg1 damage 742:747 Genomic damage 734:747 Genomic damage 734:747 Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. 28283092 2 5 theme health 442:447 arg1 risk 449:452 health risk 442:452 health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 442:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 13 6 theme MN 1579:1580 arg1 p<0.001 1593:1599 p<0.001 1593:1599 p<0.001 1593:1599 A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). 28283092 13 6 theme MN 1579:1580 arg1 frequency 1582:1590 MN frequency 1579:1590 MN frequency (p<0.001) 1579:1600 A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). 28283092 2 7 theme mothers 600:606 arg1 newborns 580:587 newborns 580:587 newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers) 580:625 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 1 8 theme environmental 144:156 arg1 exposures 158:166 certain environmental exposures 136:166 certain environmental exposures 136:166 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 3 9 theme in 770:771 arg1 assay 797:801 the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay 766:801 the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay 766:801 Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. 28283092 0 10 theme healthy 78:84 arg1 mothers 99:105 healthy and diabetic mothers 78:105 healthy and diabetic mothers 78:105 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 0 11 from Micronucleus 0:11 arg1 newborns 66:73 the newborns 62:73 the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers 62:105 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 2 12 theme umbilical 335:343 arg1 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 12 theme umbilical 335:343 arg1 proteins 357:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins 335:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 335:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 13 theme healthy 592:598 arg1 NBHM 609:612 NBHM 609:612 NBHM 609:612 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 13 theme healthy 592:598 arg1 mothers 600:606 healthy mothers 592:606 healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers) 592:625 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 10 14 theme MN 1280:1281 arg1 frequency 1283:1291 MN frequency 1280:1291 MN frequency 1280:1291 MN frequency was significantly higher in NBDM than in NBHM (median, 0.6 vs. 0.3%, p<0.001). 28283092 2 15 theme mothers 473:479 arg1 newborns 461:468 the newborns 457:468 the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 457:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 16 theme cord 345:348 arg1 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 16 theme cord 345:348 arg1 proteins 357:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins 335:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 335:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 0 17 theme diabetic 90:97 arg1 mothers 99:105 healthy and diabetic mothers 78:105 healthy and diabetic mothers 78:105 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 6 18 theme real-time 988:996 arg1 PCR 998:1000 real-time PCR 988:1000 real-time PCR 988:1000 Cell-free DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. 28283092 4 19 located detected 812:819 arg1 slides 827:832 MN slides 824:832 MN slides 824:832 NDI was detected on MN slides. 28283092 4 19 located detected 812:819 arg2 NDI 804:806 NDI 804:806 NDI 804:806 NDI was detected on MN slides. 28283092 2 20 theme possible 408:415 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 20 theme possible 408:415 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 20 theme possible 408:415 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 20 theme possible 408:415 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 20 theme possible 408:415 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 9 21 theme cell-free 1244:1252 arg1 levels 1258:1263 cell-free DNA levels 1244:1263 cell-free DNA levels 1244:1263 There was no association between cell-free DNA levels and lifestyle. 28283092 3 22 dep in 770:771 arg1 vitro 773:777 vitro 773:777 vitro 773:777 Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. 28283092 5 23 theme ultra-performance 860:876 arg1 chromatography 885:898 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 860:898 ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks 860:955 Glycans were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks. 28283092 3 24 theme MN 793:794 arg1 assay 797:801 the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay 766:801 the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay 766:801 Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. 28283092 7 25 theme linear/nonlinear 1086:1101 arg1 analysis 1103:1110 generalized linear/nonlinear analysis 1074:1110 generalized linear/nonlinear analysis 1074:1110 For the association between biomarkers and individual characteristics, generalized linear/nonlinear analysis was performed. 28283092 2 26 from biomarkers 428:437 arg1 newborns 461:468 the newborns 457:468 the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 457:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 14 27 theme altered 1628:1634 arg1 N-glycosylation 1636:1650 altered N-glycosylation 1628:1650 altered N-glycosylation 1628:1650 As both MN frequency and altered N-glycosylation are associated with cancer risk, our study indicates need for further investigations. 28283092 2 28 theme cell-free 301:309 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 28 theme cell-free 301:309 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 28 theme cell-free 301:309 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 28 theme cell-free 301:309 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 28 theme cell-free 301:309 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 14 29 theme MN 1611:1612 arg1 frequency 1614:1622 MN frequency 1611:1622 MN frequency 1611:1622 As both MN frequency and altered N-glycosylation are associated with cancer risk, our study indicates need for further investigations. 28283092 1 30 theme heritable 169:177 arg1 factors 179:185 heritable factors 169:185 heritable factors 169:185 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 2 31 dep NBDM 519:522 arg1 mothers 528:534 22 mothers 525:534 22 mothers 525:534 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 6 32 theme Cell-free 958:966 arg1 DNA 968:970 Cell-free DNA 958:970 Cell-free DNA 958:970 Cell-free DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR. 28283092 13 33 theme significant 1518:1528 arg1 association 1530:1540 A significant association 1516:1540 A significant association 1516:1540 A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). 28283092 2 34 with mothers 473:479 arg1 diabetes 509:516 treated pregestational diabetes 486:516 treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 486:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 34 with mothers 473:479 arg1 NBDM 519:522 NBDM 519:522 NBDM 519:522 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 8 35 theme cell-free 1189:1197 arg1 levels 1203:1208 cell-free DNA levels 1189:1208 cell-free DNA levels 1189:1208 No significant difference was found between NBHM and NBDM for cell-free DNA levels. 28283092 0 36 theme cell-free 14:22 arg1 DNA 24:26 cell-free DNA 14:26 cell-free DNA 14:26 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 14 37 theme cancer 1672:1677 arg1 risk 1679:1682 cancer risk 1672:1682 cancer risk 1672:1682 As both MN frequency and altered N-glycosylation are associated with cancer risk, our study indicates need for further investigations. 28283092 0 38 theme mothers 99:105 arg1 newborns 66:73 the newborns 62:73 the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers 62:105 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 2 39 from risk 449:452 arg1 newborns 461:468 the newborns 457:468 the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 457:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 40 theme genomic 285:291 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 40 theme genomic 285:291 arg1 NDI 400:402 NDI 400:402 NDI 400:402 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 40 theme genomic 285:291 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 40 theme genomic 285:291 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 40 theme genomic 285:291 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 40 theme genomic 285:291 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 41 theme division 384:391 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 41 theme division 384:391 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 41 theme division 384:391 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 41 theme division 384:391 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 41 theme division 384:391 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 7 42 theme individual 1046:1055 arg1 characteristics 1057:1071 individual characteristics 1046:1071 individual characteristics 1046:1071 For the association between biomarkers and individual characteristics, generalized linear/nonlinear analysis was performed. 28283092 2 43 theme pregestational 494:507 arg1 diabetes 509:516 treated pregestational diabetes 486:516 treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 486:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 43 theme pregestational 494:507 arg1 NBDM 519:522 NBDM 519:522 NBDM 519:522 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 44 theme nuclear 376:382 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 44 theme nuclear 376:382 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 44 theme nuclear 376:382 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 44 theme nuclear 376:382 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 44 theme nuclear 376:382 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 1 45 theme metabolic 192:200 arg1 conditions 202:211 metabolic conditions 192:211 metabolic conditions 192:211 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 2 46 dep NBHM 609:612 arg1 mothers 618:624 89 mothers 615:624 89 mothers 615:624 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 1 47 from diabetes 248:255 arg1 mother 264:269 the mother 260:269 the mother 260:269 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 5 48 theme plasma 919:924 arg1 N-glycome 926:934 the plasma N-glycome 915:934 the plasma N-glycome 915:934 Glycans were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks. 28283092 2 49 theme treated 486:492 arg1 diabetes 509:516 treated pregestational diabetes 486:516 treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 486:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 49 theme treated 486:492 arg1 NBDM 519:522 NBDM 519:522 NBDM 519:522 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 8 50 theme DNA 1199:1201 arg1 levels 1203:1208 cell-free DNA levels 1189:1208 cell-free DNA levels 1189:1208 No significant difference was found between NBHM and NBDM for cell-free DNA levels. 28283092 0 51 theme glycan 40:45 arg1 composition 47:57 plasma glycan composition 33:57 plasma glycan composition 33:57 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 2 52 gly N-glycosylation 316:330 arg1 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 52 gly N-glycosylation 316:330 arg1 proteins 357:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins 335:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 335:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 0 53 from composition 47:57 arg1 newborns 66:73 the newborns 62:73 the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers 62:105 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 2 54 from lifestyle 673:681 arg1 groups 691:696 both groups 686:696 both groups 686:696 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 0 55 theme plasma 33:38 arg1 composition 47:57 plasma glycan composition 33:57 plasma glycan composition 33:57 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 5 56 theme glycan 944:949 arg1 peaks 951:955 46 glycan peaks 941:955 46 glycan peaks 941:955 Glycans were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks. 28283092 8 57 theme significant 1130:1140 arg1 difference 1142:1151 No significant difference 1127:1151 No significant difference 1127:1151 No significant difference was found between NBHM and NBDM for cell-free DNA levels. 28283092 13 58 theme frequency 1582:1590 arg1 increase 1567:1574 increase 1567:1574 increase 1567:1574 A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). 28283092 13 58 theme frequency 1582:1590 arg1 PG 1560:1561 PG 1560:1561 PG 1560:1561 A significant association was found between PG and increase of MN frequency (p<0.001). 28283092 2 59 theme detailed 710:717 arg1 questionnaire 719:731 a detailed questionnaire 708:731 a detailed questionnaire 708:731 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 11 60 dep associated 1412:1421 arg1 rural 1449:1453 rural 1449:1453 rural 1449:1453 MN frequency and NDI were significantly associated with residence (urban vs. rural). 28283092 11 60 dep associated 1412:1421 arg1 urban 1439:1443 urban 1439:1443 urban 1439:1443 MN frequency and NDI were significantly associated with residence (urban vs. rural). 28283092 2 61 from newborns 461:468 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 61 from newborns 461:468 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 61 from newborns 461:468 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 61 from newborns 461:468 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 61 from newborns 461:468 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 5 62 theme liquid 878:883 arg1 chromatography 885:898 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 860:898 ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks 860:955 Glycans were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography that separates the plasma N-glycome into 46 glycan peaks. 28283092 14 63 theme further 1714:1720 arg1 investigations 1722:1735 further investigations 1714:1735 further investigations 1714:1735 As both MN frequency and altered N-glycosylation are associated with cancer risk, our study indicates need for further investigations. 28283092 4 64 theme MN 824:825 arg1 slides 827:832 MN slides 824:832 MN slides 824:832 NDI was detected on MN slides. 28283092 10 65 dep median 1340:1345 arg1 p<0.001 1362:1368 p<0.001 1362:1368 p<0.001 1362:1368 MN frequency was significantly higher in NBDM than in NBHM (median, 0.6 vs. 0.3%, p<0.001). 28283092 10 65 dep median 1340:1345 arg1 % 1359:1359 0.6 vs. 0.3% 1348:1359 0.6 vs. 0.3% 1348:1359 MN frequency was significantly higher in NBDM than in NBHM (median, 0.6 vs. 0.3%, p<0.001). 28283092 1 66 theme intrauterine 216:227 arg1 development 229:239 intrauterine development 216:239 intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother 216:269 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 2 67 theme proteins 357:364 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 67 theme proteins 357:364 arg1 NDI 400:402 NDI 400:402 NDI 400:402 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 67 theme proteins 357:364 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 67 theme proteins 357:364 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 67 theme proteins 357:364 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 67 theme proteins 357:364 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 11 68 theme MN 1372:1373 arg1 frequency 1375:1383 MN frequency 1372:1383 MN frequency 1372:1383 MN frequency and NDI were significantly associated with residence (urban vs. rural). 28283092 1 69 theme development 229:239 arg1 exposures 158:166 certain environmental exposures 136:166 certain environmental exposures 136:166 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 1 69 theme development 229:239 arg1 factors 179:185 heritable factors 169:185 heritable factors 169:185 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 1 69 theme development 229:239 arg1 conditions 202:211 metabolic conditions 192:211 metabolic conditions 192:211 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 28283092 2 70 theme prognostic 417:426 arg1 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation 316:330 N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 316:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 70 theme prognostic 417:426 arg1 damage 293:298 genomic damage 285:298 genomic damage 285:298 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 70 theme prognostic 417:426 arg1 DNA 311:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 cell-free DNA 301:313 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 70 theme prognostic 417:426 arg1 biomarkers 428:437 possible prognostic biomarkers 408:437 possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers) 408:535 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 70 theme prognostic 417:426 arg1 index 393:397 nuclear division index 376:397 nuclear division index 376:397 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 0 71 from DNA 24:26 arg1 newborns 66:73 the newborns 62:73 the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers 62:105 Micronucleus, cell-free DNA, and plasma glycan composition in the newborns of healthy and diabetic mothers. 28283092 7 72 theme generalized 1074:1084 arg1 analysis 1103:1110 generalized linear/nonlinear analysis 1074:1110 generalized linear/nonlinear analysis 1074:1110 For the association between biomarkers and individual characteristics, generalized linear/nonlinear analysis was performed. 28283092 2 73 theme plasma 350:355 arg1 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 PG 367:368 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 2 73 theme plasma 350:355 arg1 proteins 357:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins 335:364 umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG) 335:369 We evaluated genomic damage, cell-free DNA, N-glycosylation of umbilical cord plasma proteins (PG), and nuclear division index (NDI) as possible prognostic biomarkers of health risk in the newborns of mothers with treated pregestational diabetes (NBDM; 22 mothers), compared these parameters with those from newborns of healthy mothers (NBHM; 89 mothers), and associated the results with the mothers' lifestyle in both groups, based on a detailed questionnaire. 28283092 3 74 theme micronucleus 779:790 arg1 assay 797:801 the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay 766:801 the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay 766:801 Genomic damage was estimated by the in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay. 28283092 1 75 theme due 241:243 arg1 development 229:239 intrauterine development 216:239 intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother 216:269 Diabetes is associated with certain environmental exposures, heritable factors, and metabolic conditions of intrauterine development due to diabetes in the mother. 27108699 2 0 dep complementary 300:312 arg1 pairing 329:335 base pairing 324:335 base pairing 324:335 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 0 1 from formation 12:20 arg1 water 77:81 water 77:81 water 77:81 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 5 2 theme abiotic 965:971 arg1 mechanisms 973:982 abiotic mechanisms 965:982 abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured 965:1066 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 4 3 theme base 709:712 arg1 pair 714:717 base pair 709:717 these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution 691:737 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 4 4 from nucleotides 697:707 arg1 solution 730:737 aqueous solution 722:737 aqueous solution 722:737 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 2 5 theme complementary 300:312 arg1 nucleotides 338:348 complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides 300:348 complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides 300:348 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 6 6 theme extant 1227:1232 arg1 life 1234:1237 extant life 1227:1237 extant life 1227:1237 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 3 7 theme glycosidic 545:554 arg1 linkages 556:563 glycosidic linkages 545:563 glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water 545:607 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 8 theme plausible 476:484 arg1 melamine 510:517 melamine 510:517 melamine 510:517 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 8 theme plausible 476:484 arg1 acid 534:537 barbituric acid 523:537 barbituric acid 523:537 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 8 theme plausible 476:484 arg1 heterocycles 496:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 9 theme prebiotic 486:494 arg1 melamine 510:517 melamine 510:517 melamine 510:517 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 9 theme prebiotic 486:494 arg1 acid 534:537 barbituric acid 523:537 barbituric acid 523:537 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 9 theme prebiotic 486:494 arg1 heterocycles 496:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 6 10 theme been 1142:1145 arg1 processes 1154:1162 been robust processes 1142:1162 been robust processes 1142:1162 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 4 11 theme ordered 806:812 arg1 nucleotides 814:824 ordered nucleotides 806:824 ordered nucleotides 806:824 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 3 12 from nucleosides 620:630 arg1 yields 656:661 good yields 651:661 good yields 651:661 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 6 13 theme prebiotic 1171:1179 arg1 Earth 1181:1185 the prebiotic Earth 1167:1185 the prebiotic Earth 1167:1185 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 5 14 theme supramolecular 856:869 arg1 assemblies 871:880 supramolecular assemblies 856:880 supramolecular assemblies 856:880 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 3 15 with linkages 556:563 arg1 ribose-5-phosphate 581:598 ribose-5-phosphate 581:598 ribose-5-phosphate 581:598 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 15 with linkages 556:563 arg1 ribose 570:575 ribose 570:575 ribose 570:575 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 0 16 from pairing 31:37 arg1 water 77:81 water 77:81 water 77:81 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 4 17 theme linear 749:754 arg1 assemblies 771:780 linear supramolecular assemblies 749:780 linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides 749:824 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 3 18 attach linkages 556:563 arg2 ribose-5-phosphate 581:598 ribose-5-phosphate 581:598 ribose-5-phosphate 581:598 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 18 attach linkages 556:563 arg1 melamine 510:517 melamine 510:517 melamine 510:517 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 18 attach linkages 556:563 arg1 heterocycles 496:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 18 attach linkages 556:563 arg1 acid 534:537 barbituric acid 523:537 barbituric acid 523:537 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 18 attach linkages 556:563 arg2 ribose 570:575 ribose 570:575 ribose 570:575 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 0 19 theme Spontaneous 0:10 arg1 formation 12:20 Spontaneous formation 0:20 Spontaneous formation 0:20 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 1 20 theme RNA 88:90 arg1 hypothesis 98:107 The RNA World hypothesis 84:107 The RNA World hypothesis 84:107 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 2 21 theme mutual 375:380 arg1 selection 382:390 their mutual selection 369:390 their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment 369:428 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 0 22 theme base 26:29 arg1 pairing 31:37 base pairing 26:37 base pairing 26:37 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 1 23 theme World 92:96 arg1 hypothesis 98:107 The RNA World hypothesis 84:107 The RNA World hypothesis 84:107 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 3 24 from nucleotides 636:646 arg1 yields 656:661 good yields 651:661 good yields 651:661 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 6 25 theme robust 1147:1152 arg1 processes 1154:1162 been robust processes 1142:1162 been robust processes 1142:1162 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 6 26 contain have 1137:1140 arg1 formation 1109:1117 nucleotide formation 1098:1117 nucleotide formation 1098:1117 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 6 26 contain have 1137:1140 arg2 processes 1154:1162 been robust processes 1142:1162 been robust processes 1142:1162 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 6 26 contain have 1137:1140 arg1 selection 1123:1131 selection 1123:1131 selection 1123:1131 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 4 27 dep nucleotides 697:707 arg1 pair 714:717 base pair 709:717 these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution 691:737 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 4 28 theme supramolecular 756:769 arg1 assemblies 771:780 linear supramolecular assemblies 749:780 linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides 749:824 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 1 29 theme universal 201:209 arg1 constituents 211:222 universal constituents 201:222 universal constituents of metabolism 201:236 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 5 30 theme relevant 906:913 arg1 form 924:927 the biologically relevant β-anomer form 889:927 the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides 889:952 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 1 31 theme RNA 193:195 arg1 constituents 211:222 universal constituents 201:222 universal constituents of metabolism 201:236 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 31 theme RNA 193:195 arg1 metabolism 227:236 metabolism 227:236 metabolism 227:236 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 31 theme RNA 193:195 arg1 RNA 193:195 RNA 193:195 RNA 193:195 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 31 theme RNA 193:195 arg1 nucleotides 164:174 nucleotides 164:174 nucleotides 164:174 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 31 theme RNA 193:195 arg1 monomers 181:188 the monomers 177:188 the monomers of RNA 177:195 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 2 32 theme chemical 409:416 arg1 environment 418:428 a complex chemical environment 399:428 a complex chemical environment 399:428 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 2 33 theme complex 401:407 arg1 environment 418:428 a complex chemical environment 399:428 a complex chemical environment 399:428 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 0 34 theme prebiotic 52:60 arg1 nucleotides 62:72 plausible prebiotic nucleotides 42:72 plausible prebiotic nucleotides 42:72 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 3 35 theme good 651:654 arg1 yields 656:661 good yields 651:661 good yields 651:661 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 2 36 theme nucleotides 338:348 arg1 synthesis 287:295 the synthesis 283:295 the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides 283:348 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 0 37 theme plausible 42:50 arg1 nucleotides 62:72 plausible prebiotic nucleotides 42:72 plausible prebiotic nucleotides 42:72 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 4 38 contain containing 782:791 arg2 thousands 793:801 thousands 793:801 thousands of ordered nucleotides 793:824 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 4 38 contain containing 782:791 arg1 assemblies 771:780 linear supramolecular assemblies 749:780 linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides 749:824 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 3 39 from linkages 556:563 arg1 water 603:607 water 603:607 water 603:607 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 4 40 theme aqueous 722:728 arg1 solution 730:737 aqueous solution 722:737 aqueous solution 722:737 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 5 41 theme Nucleotide 827:836 arg1 anomerization 838:850 Nucleotide anomerization 827:850 Nucleotide anomerization 827:850 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 1 42 theme abiotic 126:132 arg1 reactions 134:142 abiotic reactions 126:142 abiotic reactions 126:142 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 5 43 theme ribonucleotides 938:952 arg1 form 924:927 the biologically relevant β-anomer form 889:927 the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides 889:952 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 1 44 theme metabolism 227:236 arg1 constituents 211:222 universal constituents 201:222 universal constituents of metabolism 201:236 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 44 theme metabolism 227:236 arg1 metabolism 227:236 metabolism 227:236 metabolism 227:236 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 44 theme metabolism 227:236 arg1 RNA 193:195 RNA 193:195 RNA 193:195 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 44 theme metabolism 227:236 arg1 nucleotides 164:174 nucleotides 164:174 nucleotides 164:174 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 1 44 theme metabolism 227:236 arg1 monomers 181:188 the monomers 177:188 the monomers of RNA 177:195 The RNA World hypothesis presupposes that abiotic reactions originally produced nucleotides, the monomers of RNA and universal constituents of metabolism. 27108699 4 45 theme nucleotides 814:824 arg1 thousands 793:801 thousands 793:801 thousands of ordered nucleotides 793:824 Even without purification, these nucleotides base pair in aqueous solution to create linear supramolecular assemblies containing thousands of ordered nucleotides. 27108699 2 46 theme base 324:327 arg1 pairing 329:335 base pairing 324:335 base pairing 324:335 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 5 47 theme nucleotide 993:1002 arg1 structure 1004:1012 nucleotide structure 993:1012 nucleotide structure 993:1012 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 5 48 theme β-anomer 915:922 arg1 form 924:927 the biologically relevant β-anomer form 889:927 the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides 889:952 Nucleotide anomerization and supramolecular assemblies favour the biologically relevant β-anomer form of these ribonucleotides, revealing abiotic mechanisms by which nucleotide structure and configuration could have been originally favoured. 27108699 2 49 theme prebiotic 259:267 arg1 reactions 269:277 compatible prebiotic reactions 248:277 compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides 248:348 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 6 50 theme other 1191:1195 arg1 nucleobases 1197:1207 other nucleobases 1191:1207 other nucleobases 1191:1207 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 27108699 0 51 theme nucleotides 62:72 arg1 formation 12:20 Spontaneous formation 0:20 Spontaneous formation 0:20 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 0 51 theme nucleotides 62:72 arg1 pairing 31:37 base pairing 26:37 base pairing 26:37 Spontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water. 27108699 2 52 theme compatible 248:257 arg1 reactions 269:277 compatible prebiotic reactions 248:277 compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides 248:348 However, compatible prebiotic reactions for the synthesis of complementary (that is, base pairing) nucleotides and mechanisms for their mutual selection within a complex chemical environment have not been reported. 27108699 3 53 theme barbituric 523:532 arg1 acid 534:537 barbituric acid 523:537 barbituric acid 523:537 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 3 53 theme barbituric 523:532 arg1 heterocycles 496:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 two plausible prebiotic heterocycles 472:507 Here we show that two plausible prebiotic heterocycles, melamine and barbituric acid, form glycosidic linkages with ribose and ribose-5-phosphate in water to produce nucleosides and nucleotides in good yields. 27108699 6 54 theme nucleotide 1098:1107 arg1 formation 1109:1117 nucleotide formation 1098:1117 nucleotide formation 1098:1117 These findings indicate that nucleotide formation and selection may have been robust processes on the prebiotic Earth, if other nucleobases preceded those of extant life. 24769397 0 0 theme hydrophobic 81:91 arg1 interactions 93:104 hydrophobic interactions 81:104 hydrophobic interactions 81:104 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 9 1 dep interaction 1329:1339 arg1 addition 1305:1312 addition 1305:1312 addition 1305:1312 We reasoned that lectin activity, in addition to hydrophobic interaction, contributes to this strong affinity between calnexin and substrate. 24769397 7 2 theme monoglucosylated 1085:1100 arg1 glycans 1102:1108 monoglucosylated glycans 1085:1108 monoglucosylated glycans such as Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 (G1M9) 1085:1139 Similarly to calnexin, calmegin preferentially recognizes monoglucosylated glycans such as Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 (G1M9). 24769397 7 2 theme monoglucosylated 1085:1100 arg1 Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 1118:1132 Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 1118:1132 Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 (G1M9) 1118:1139 Similarly to calnexin, calmegin preferentially recognizes monoglucosylated glycans such as Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 (G1M9). 24769397 4 3 theme calnexin 605:612 arg1 properties 578:587 biochemical properties 566:587 biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin 566:612 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 6 4 theme similar 944:950 arg1 extent 952:957 a similar extent 942:957 a similar extent 942:957 While both of them inhibited protein heat-aggregation to a similar extent, calnexin exhibited a higher ability to facilitate protein folding. 24769397 10 5 theme binding 1464:1470 arg1 specificities 1472:1484 carbohydrate binding specificities 1451:1484 carbohydrate binding specificities 1451:1484 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 2 6 theme calnexin 299:306 arg1 Calmegin 207:214 Calmegin 207:214 Calmegin 207:214 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 2 6 theme calnexin 299:306 arg1 homologue 233:241 a homologue 231:241 a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 231:306 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 0 7 theme interactions 93:104 arg1 specificity 7:17 Glycan specificity 0:17 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 0:64 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 0 7 theme interactions 93:104 arg1 effects 70:76 effects 70:76 effects of hydrophobic interactions 70:104 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 10 8 theme carbohydrate 1451:1462 arg1 specificities 1472:1484 carbohydrate binding specificities 1451:1484 carbohydrate binding specificities 1451:1484 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 2 9 theme chaperone 289:297 arg1 calnexin 299:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 11 10 with comparison 1681:1690 arg1 calnexin 1697:1704 calnexin 1697:1704 calnexin 1697:1704 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone were revealed in comparison with calnexin. 24769397 9 11 theme strong 1362:1367 arg1 affinity 1369:1376 this strong affinity 1357:1376 this strong affinity between calnexin and substrate 1357:1407 We reasoned that lectin activity, in addition to hydrophobic interaction, contributes to this strong affinity between calnexin and substrate. 24769397 4 12 gly glycosylated 656:667 arg1 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 12 gly glycosylated 656:667 arg1 proteins 689:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 12 gly glycosylated 656:667 arg1 glycans 644:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 11 13 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1606:1617 arg1 Properties 1619:1628 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties 1598:1628 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone 1598:1662 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone were revealed in comparison with calnexin. 24769397 2 14 theme lectin 282:287 arg1 calnexin 299:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 10 15 dep CONCLUSIONS 1410:1420 arg1 high 1489:1492 high 1489:1492 high 1489:1492 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 1 16 theme normal 187:192 arg1 spermatozoa 194:204 normal spermatozoa 187:204 normal spermatozoa 187:204 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin is required for the generation of normal spermatozoa. 24769397 6 17 theme protein 914:920 arg1 heat-aggregation 922:937 protein heat-aggregation 914:937 protein heat-aggregation 914:937 While both of them inhibited protein heat-aggregation to a similar extent, calnexin exhibited a higher ability to facilitate protein folding. 24769397 5 18 theme secondary 813:821 arg1 structures 823:832 secondary structures 813:832 secondary structures 813:832 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 2 19 theme residing 273:280 arg1 calnexin 299:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 1 20 theme spermatozoa 194:204 arg1 generation 173:182 the generation 169:182 the generation of normal spermatozoa 169:204 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin is required for the generation of normal spermatozoa. 24769397 8 21 theme stronger 1237:1244 arg1 binding 1246:1252 stronger binding 1237:1252 stronger binding to substrate 1237:1265 While the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin was higher than that of calnexin, calnexin showed stronger binding to substrate. 24769397 4 22 gly non-glycosylated 672:687 arg1 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 22 gly non-glycosylated 672:687 arg1 proteins 689:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 22 gly non-glycosylated 672:687 arg1 glycans 644:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 0 23 theme Glycan 0:5 arg1 specificity 7:17 Glycan specificity 0:17 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 0:64 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 6 24 theme protein 1010:1016 arg1 folding 1018:1024 protein folding 1010:1024 protein folding 1010:1024 While both of them inhibited protein heat-aggregation to a similar extent, calnexin exhibited a higher ability to facilitate protein folding. 24769397 11 25 theme calmegin 1633:1640 arg1 Properties 1619:1628 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties 1598:1628 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone 1598:1662 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone were revealed in comparison with calnexin. 24769397 5 26 theme circular 851:858 arg1 spectrum 875:882 circular dichroism (CD) spectrum 851:882 circular dichroism (CD) spectrum 851:882 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 3 27 theme detailed 390:397 arg1 information 399:409 detailed information 390:409 detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, 390:528 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 4 28 theme biochemical 566:576 arg1 properties 578:587 biochemical properties 566:587 biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin 566:612 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 1 29 theme BACKGROUND 107:116 arg1 calmegin 144:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin 107:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin 107:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin is required for the generation of normal spermatozoa. 24769397 3 30 theme chaperone 489:497 arg1 function 499:506 chaperone function 489:506 chaperone function 489:506 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 4 31 theme calmegin 592:599 arg1 properties 578:587 biochemical properties 566:587 biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin 566:612 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 10 32 theme recognition 1555:1565 arg1 mode 1537:1540 the mode 1533:1540 the mode of substrate recognition 1533:1565 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 1 33 theme Testis-specific 118:132 arg1 calmegin 144:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin 107:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin 107:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin is required for the generation of normal spermatozoa. 24769397 4 34 theme glycosylated 656:667 arg1 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 34 theme glycosylated 656:667 arg1 proteins 689:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 34 theme glycosylated 656:667 arg1 glycans 644:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 0 35 theme lectin 40:45 arg1 calmegin 57:64 a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 22:64 a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 22:64 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 10 36 theme substrate 1545:1553 arg1 recognition 1555:1565 substrate recognition 1545:1565 substrate recognition 1545:1565 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 9 37 theme lectin 1285:1290 arg1 activity 1292:1299 lectin activity 1285:1299 lectin activity 1285:1299 We reasoned that lectin activity, in addition to hydrophobic interaction, contributes to this strong affinity between calnexin and substrate. 24769397 2 38 theme endoplasmic 246:256 arg1 ER 269:270 ER 269:270 ER 269:270 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 2 38 theme endoplasmic 246:256 arg1 reticulum 258:266 endoplasmic reticulum 246:266 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 24769397 10 39 from similarity 1437:1446 arg1 specificities 1472:1484 carbohydrate binding specificities 1451:1484 carbohydrate binding specificities 1451:1484 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 0 40 theme testis-specific 24:38 arg1 calmegin 57:64 a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 22:64 a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 22:64 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 6 41 theme higher 981:986 arg1 ability 988:994 a higher ability 979:994 a higher ability to facilitate protein folding 979:1024 While both of them inhibited protein heat-aggregation to a similar extent, calnexin exhibited a higher ability to facilitate protein folding. 24769397 3 42 dep such 461:464 arg1 as 466:467 as 466:467 as 466:467 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 4 43 theme non-glycosylated 672:687 arg1 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 43 theme non-glycosylated 672:687 arg1 proteins 689:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 43 theme non-glycosylated 672:687 arg1 glycans 644:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 0 44 theme calmegin 57:64 arg1 specificity 7:17 Glycan specificity 0:17 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 0:64 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 0 44 theme calmegin 57:64 arg1 effects 70:76 effects 70:76 effects of hydrophobic interactions 70:104 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 10 45 from differences 1518:1528 arg1 mode 1537:1540 the mode 1533:1540 the mode of substrate recognition 1533:1565 CONCLUSIONS Although their similarity in carbohydrate binding specificities is high, there seems to be some differences in the mode of substrate recognition between calmegin and calnexin. 24769397 3 46 theme functional 318:327 arg1 similarity 329:338 functional similarity 318:338 functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin 318:368 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 5 47 theme certain 791:797 arg1 difference 799:808 a certain difference 789:808 a certain difference in secondary structures 789:832 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 8 48 theme calmegin 1178:1185 arg1 hydrophobicity 1160:1173 the surface hydrophobicity 1148:1173 the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin 1148:1185 While the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin was higher than that of calnexin, calnexin showed stronger binding to substrate. 24769397 8 48 theme calmegin 1178:1185 arg1 higher 1191:1196 higher 1191:1196 higher 1191:1196 While the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin was higher than that of calnexin, calnexin showed stronger binding to substrate. 24769397 1 49 theme chaperone 134:142 arg1 calmegin 144:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin 107:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin 107:151 BACKGROUND Testis-specific chaperone calmegin is required for the generation of normal spermatozoa. 24769397 0 50 theme chaperone 47:55 arg1 calmegin 57:64 a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 22:64 a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin 22:64 Glycan specificity of a testis-specific lectin chaperone calmegin and effects of hydrophobic interactions. 24769397 8 51 theme surface 1152:1158 arg1 hydrophobicity 1160:1173 the surface hydrophobicity 1148:1173 the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin 1148:1185 While the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin was higher than that of calnexin, calnexin showed stronger binding to substrate. 24769397 8 51 theme surface 1152:1158 arg1 higher 1191:1196 higher 1191:1196 higher 1191:1196 While the surface hydrophobicity of calmegin was higher than that of calnexin, calnexin showed stronger binding to substrate. 24769397 5 52 from difference 799:808 arg1 structures 823:832 secondary structures 813:832 secondary structures 813:832 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 5 53 theme dichroism 860:868 arg1 spectrum 875:882 circular dichroism (CD) spectrum 851:882 circular dichroism (CD) spectrum 851:882 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 5 54 theme amino 735:739 arg1 sequences 746:754 their amino acid sequences 729:754 their amino acid sequences 729:754 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 11 55 theme GENERAL 1598:1604 arg1 Properties 1619:1628 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties 1598:1628 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone 1598:1662 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Properties of calmegin as a lectin-chaperone were revealed in comparison with calnexin. 24769397 4 56 theme synthetic 634:642 arg1 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 substrates 701:710 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 56 theme synthetic 634:642 arg1 proteins 689:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins 656:696 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 4 56 theme synthetic 634:642 arg1 glycans 644:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 synthetic glycans 634:650 METHODS In this study, biochemical properties of calmegin and calnexin were compared using synthetic glycans and glycosylated or non-glycosylated proteins as substrates. 24769397 5 57 theme acid 741:744 arg1 sequences 746:754 their amino acid sequences 729:754 their amino acid sequences 729:754 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 3 58 theme binding 512:518 arg1 affinity 520:527 binding affinity 512:527 binding affinity 512:527 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 9 59 theme hydrophobic 1317:1327 arg1 interaction 1329:1339 hydrophobic interaction 1317:1339 hydrophobic interaction 1317:1339 We reasoned that lectin activity, in addition to hydrophobic interaction, contributes to this strong affinity between calnexin and substrate. 24769397 5 60 theme CD 871:872 arg1 spectrum 875:882 circular dichroism (CD) spectrum 851:882 circular dichroism (CD) spectrum 851:882 RESULTS Whereas their amino acid sequences are quite similar to each other, a certain difference in secondary structures was indicated by circular dichroism (CD) spectrum. 24769397 3 61 theme glycan 469:474 arg1 specificity 476:486 glycan specificity 469:486 glycan specificity 469:486 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 3 62 theme substrate 426:434 arg1 recognition 436:446 substrate recognition 426:446 substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, 426:528 Although functional similarity between calnexin and calmegin has been predicted, detailed information concerned with substrate recognition by calmegin, such as glycan specificity, chaperone function and binding affinity, are obscure. 24769397 2 63 theme reticulum 258:266 arg1 calnexin 299:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin 246:306 Calmegin is known to be a homologue of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) residing lectin chaperone calnexin. 28894966 7 0 theme cell 1397:1400 arg1 lines 1402:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 7 1 theme Transwell 1413:1421 arg1 assay 1423:1427 a Transwell assay 1411:1427 a Transwell assay 1411:1427 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 1 2 theme cell-surface 166:177 arg1 glycosylation 179:191 aberrant cell-surface glycosylation 157:191 aberrant cell-surface glycosylation 157:191 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. 28894966 1 3 from normal 91:96 arg1 transformation 71:84 The transformation 67:84 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers 67:136 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. 28894966 7 4 theme breast 1383:1388 arg1 lines 1402:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 8 5 theme reported 1446:1453 arg1 data 1455:1458 the reported data 1442:1458 the reported data 1442:1458 Altogether, the reported data demonstrate the feasibility of designing lectinomimics based on cyclic peptides. 28894966 2 6 from changes 224:230 arg1 cancer 235:240 cancer 235:240 cancer 235:240 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 3 7 theme cellular 710:717 arg1 levels 719:724 molecular and cellular levels 696:724 molecular and cellular levels 696:724 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 6 8 theme O-glycan 1197:1204 arg1 structures 1211:1220 the mucin O-glycan core structures 1187:1220 the mucin O-glycan core structures 1187:1220 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 7 9 theme lines 1402:1406 arg1 migration 1359:1367 the migration 1355:1367 the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1355:1406 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 5 10 theme cyclic 903:908 arg1 conformation 920:931 cyclic peptide's conformation 903:931 cyclic peptide's conformation and thus these peptides' ability to bind carbohydrates 903:986 However, the orientation of the lactam bridge, peptides 2 and 3, influenced cyclic peptide's conformation and thus these peptides' ability to bind carbohydrates. 28894966 6 11 theme lesser 1108:1113 arg1 degree 1115:1120 a lesser degree 1106:1120 a lesser degree 1106:1120 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 6 12 dep 1 1009:1009 arg1 3 1026:1026 3 1026:1026 3 1026:1026 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 4 13 theme disulfide 763:771 arg1 bond 773:776 the disulfide bond 759:776 the disulfide bond found in 1 759:787 In addition, we have shown that the disulfide bond found in 1 can be replaced with a lactam bridge. 28894966 3 14 theme Odorrana 596:603 arg1 skin 613:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 6 15 theme similar 1039:1045 arg1 conformation 1047:1058 similar conformation 1039:1058 similar conformation 1039:1058 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 3 16 theme lectin-like 546:556 arg1 peptide 565:571 the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide 533:571 odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin 515:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 7 17 theme binding 1279:1285 arg1 profile 1287:1293 a similar binding profile 1269:1293 a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin 1269:1320 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 2 18 theme bioanalytical 406:418 arg1 applications 435:446 bioanalytical and biomedical applications 406:446 bioanalytical and biomedical applications 406:446 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 2 19 dep only 267:270 arg1 not 263:265 not 263:265 not 263:265 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 7 20 theme similar 1271:1277 arg1 profile 1287:1293 a similar binding profile 1269:1293 a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin 1269:1320 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 3 21 theme cyclic 558:563 arg1 peptide 565:571 the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide 533:571 odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin 515:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 7 22 theme Aleuria 1298:1304 arg1 lectin 1315:1320 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1298:1320 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1298:1320 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 0 23 theme cancer-specific 10:24 arg1 glycans 26:32 cancer-specific glycans 10:32 cancer-specific glycans 10:32 Targeting cancer-specific glycans by cyclic peptide lectinomimics. 28894966 6 24 dep water 1063:1067 arg1 bind 1069:1072 bind 1069:1072 bind 1069:1072 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 3 25 theme frog 591:594 arg1 skin 613:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 2 26 theme probes 395:400 arg1 development 366:376 the development 362:376 the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications 362:446 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 8 27 theme cyclic 1524:1529 arg1 peptides 1531:1538 cyclic peptides 1524:1538 cyclic peptides 1524:1538 Altogether, the reported data demonstrate the feasibility of designing lectinomimics based on cyclic peptides. 28894966 1 28 theme malignant 101:109 arg1 phenotype 111:119 malignant phenotype 101:119 malignant phenotype in human cancers 101:136 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. 28894966 3 29 attach isolated 573:580 arg1 skin 613:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 3 29 attach isolated 573:580 arg2 peptide 565:571 the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide 533:571 odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin 515:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 2 30 theme molecular 385:393 arg1 probes 395:400 new molecular probes 381:400 new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications 381:446 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 7 31 theme aurantia 1306:1313 arg1 lectin 1315:1320 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1298:1320 Aleuria aurantia lectin 1298:1320 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 6 32 theme mucin 1191:1195 arg1 structures 1211:1220 the mucin O-glycan core structures 1187:1220 the mucin O-glycan core structures 1187:1220 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 2 33 theme biological 322:331 arg1 systems 333:339 biological systems 322:339 biological systems 322:339 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 4 34 located found 778:782 arg1 1 787:787 1 787:787 1 787:787 In addition, we have shown that the disulfide bond found in 1 can be replaced with a lactam bridge. 28894966 4 34 located found 778:782 arg2 bond 773:776 the disulfide bond 759:776 the disulfide bond found in 1 759:787 In addition, we have shown that the disulfide bond found in 1 can be replaced with a lactam bridge. 28894966 7 35 theme cancer 1390:1395 arg1 lines 1402:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 2 36 theme targeting 200:208 arg1 changes 224:230 targeting glycosylation changes 200:230 targeting glycosylation changes in cancer 200:240 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 2 37 theme carbohydrates 305:317 arg1 roles 296:300 the roles 292:300 the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems 292:339 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 5 38 theme bridge 866:871 arg1 orientation 840:850 the orientation 836:850 the orientation of the lactam bridge, peptides 2 and 3, 836:890 However, the orientation of the lactam bridge, peptides 2 and 3, influenced cyclic peptide's conformation and thus these peptides' ability to bind carbohydrates. 28894966 0 39 theme peptide 44:50 arg1 lectinomimics 52:64 cyclic peptide lectinomimics 37:64 cyclic peptide lectinomimics 37:64 Targeting cancer-specific glycans by cyclic peptide lectinomimics. 28894966 7 40 theme cell-based 1226:1235 arg1 assays 1237:1242 cell-based assays 1226:1242 cell-based assays 1226:1242 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 5 41 theme lactam 859:864 arg1 peptides 874:881 peptides 2 and 3 874:889 peptides 2 and 3 874:889 However, the orientation of the lactam bridge, peptides 2 and 3, influenced cyclic peptide's conformation and thus these peptides' ability to bind carbohydrates. 28894966 5 41 theme lactam 859:864 arg1 bridge 866:871 the lactam bridge 855:871 the lactam bridge 855:871 However, the orientation of the lactam bridge, peptides 2 and 3, influenced cyclic peptide's conformation and thus these peptides' ability to bind carbohydrates. 28894966 2 42 theme biomedical 424:433 arg1 applications 435:446 bioanalytical and biomedical applications 406:446 bioanalytical and biomedical applications 406:446 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 0 43 theme cyclic 37:42 arg1 lectinomimics 52:64 cyclic peptide lectinomimics 37:64 cyclic peptide lectinomimics 37:64 Targeting cancer-specific glycans by cyclic peptide lectinomimics. 28894966 6 44 theme core 1206:1209 arg1 structures 1211:1220 the mucin O-glycan core structures 1187:1220 the mucin O-glycan core structures 1187:1220 Naturally occurring 1 and its analog 3 that adopt similar conformation in water bind preferentially L-fucose, and to a lesser degree D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, typically found within the mucin O-glycan core structures. 28894966 3 45 theme peptides 653:660 arg1 ability 636:642 the ability 632:642 the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels 632:724 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 3 46 theme grahami 605:611 arg1 skin 613:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 the frog Odorrana grahami skin 587:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 1 47 theme human 124:128 arg1 cancers 130:136 human cancers 124:136 human cancers 124:136 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. 28894966 7 48 theme metastatic 1372:1381 arg1 lines 1402:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 metastatic breast cancer cell lines 1372:1406 In cell-based assays, peptides 1 and 3 showed a similar binding profile to Aleuria aurantia lectin and these two peptides inhibited the migration of metastatic breast cancer cell lines in a Transwell assay. 28894966 8 49 theme designing 1491:1499 arg1 lectinomimics 1501:1513 designing lectinomimics 1491:1513 designing lectinomimics based on cyclic peptides 1491:1538 Altogether, the reported data demonstrate the feasibility of designing lectinomimics based on cyclic peptides. 28894966 4 50 theme lactam 812:817 arg1 bridge 819:824 a lactam bridge 810:824 a lactam bridge 810:824 In addition, we have shown that the disulfide bond found in 1 can be replaced with a lactam bridge. 28894966 1 51 from phenotype 111:119 arg1 cancers 130:136 human cancers 124:136 human cancers 124:136 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. 28894966 3 52 theme molecular 696:704 arg1 levels 719:724 molecular and cellular levels 696:724 molecular and cellular levels 696:724 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 3 53 dep odorranalectin 515:528 arg1 peptide 565:571 the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide 533:571 odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin 515:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 3 54 theme specific 670:677 arg1 carbohydrates 679:691 specific carbohydrates 670:691 specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels 670:724 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 2 55 theme better 272:277 arg1 insight 279:285 not only better insight 263:285 not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems 263:339 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 3 56 theme smallest 537:544 arg1 peptide 565:571 the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide 533:571 odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin 515:616 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 2 57 theme glycosylation 210:222 arg1 changes 224:230 targeting glycosylation changes 200:230 targeting glycosylation changes in cancer 200:240 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 3 58 theme reported 456:463 arg1 study 465:469 the reported study 452:469 the reported study 452:469 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 8 59 theme lectinomimics 1501:1513 arg1 feasibility 1476:1486 the feasibility 1472:1486 the feasibility of designing lectinomimics based on cyclic peptides 1472:1538 Altogether, the reported data demonstrate the feasibility of designing lectinomimics based on cyclic peptides. 28894966 2 60 theme new 381:383 arg1 probes 395:400 new molecular probes 381:400 new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications 381:446 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 2 61 from roles 296:300 arg1 systems 333:339 biological systems 322:339 biological systems 322:339 Thus, targeting glycosylation changes in cancer is likely to provide not only better insight into the roles of carbohydrates in biological systems, but also facilitate the development of new molecular probes for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. 28894966 3 62 from carbohydrates 679:691 arg1 levels 719:724 molecular and cellular levels 696:724 molecular and cellular levels 696:724 In the reported study, we have synthesized lectinomimics based on odorranalectin 1; the smallest lectin-like cyclic peptide isolated from the frog Odorrana grahami skin, and assessed the ability of these peptides to bind specific carbohydrates on molecular and cellular levels. 28894966 1 63 theme aberrant 157:164 arg1 glycosylation 179:191 aberrant cell-surface glycosylation 157:191 aberrant cell-surface glycosylation 157:191 The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. 27859277 3 0 theme cell 358:361 arg1 characteristics 368:382 cell wall characteristics 358:382 cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications 358:421 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 10 1 theme breeding 1585:1592 arg1 strategies 1618:1627 breeding and genetic engineering strategies 1585:1627 breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops 1585:1672 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 6 2 theme glycans 951:957 arg1 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 6 2 theme glycans 951:957 arg1 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 6 2 theme glycans 951:957 arg1 distribution 874:885 distribution 874:885 distribution 874:885 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 9 3 from variations 1294:1303 arg1 components 1336:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 0 4 theme compositional 72:84 arg1 variations 101:110 compositional and structural variations 72:110 compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin 72:155 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 10 5 theme genetic 1598:1604 arg1 strategies 1618:1627 breeding and genetic engineering strategies 1585:1627 breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops 1585:1672 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 6 6 theme noncellulosic 920:932 arg1 glycans 951:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 7 7 theme in situ 1072:1078 arg1 distribution 1080:1091 in situ distribution 1072:1091 in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes 1072:1116 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 6 8 theme matrix 944:949 arg1 glycans 951:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 4 9 theme reference 558:566 arg1 lack 548:551 the lack 544:551 the lack of a reference for a given feedstock 544:588 However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the lack of a reference for a given feedstock. 27859277 5 10 theme several 706:712 arg1 genotypes 725:733 several miscanthus genotypes 706:733 several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points 706:789 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 6 11 theme wall 939:942 arg1 glycans 951:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 8 12 theme crucial 1164:1170 arg1 differences 1172:1182 crucial differences 1164:1182 crucial differences 1164:1182 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 0 13 theme structural 90:99 arg1 variations 101:110 compositional and structural variations 72:110 compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin 72:155 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 5 14 theme miscanthus 714:723 arg1 genotypes 725:733 several miscanthus genotypes 706:733 several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points 706:789 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 5 15 theme reference 657:665 arg1 profile 667:673 a reference profile 655:673 a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points 655:789 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 9 16 theme representative 1445:1458 arg1 profile 1470:1476 a representative reference profile 1443:1476 a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass 1443:1509 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 9 17 theme cell 1319:1322 arg1 components 1336:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 3 18 theme biorefining 398:408 arg1 applications 410:421 biorefining applications 398:421 biorefining applications 398:421 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 9 19 theme reference 1460:1468 arg1 profile 1470:1476 a representative reference profile 1443:1476 a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass 1443:1509 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 9 20 theme glycan 1329:1334 arg1 components 1336:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 8 21 theme Key 1119:1121 arg1 observations 1123:1134 Key observations 1119:1134 Key observations 1119:1134 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 7 22 theme epitopes 1109:1116 arg1 distribution 1080:1091 in situ distribution 1072:1091 in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes 1072:1116 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 7 22 theme epitopes 1109:1116 arg1 nature 1033:1038 the nature 1029:1038 the nature of compositional variation 1029:1065 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 6 23 used used 847:850 arg2 suite 808:812 A comprehensive suite 792:812 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies 792:841 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 0 24 theme cell 2:5 arg1 profile 22:28 A cell wall reference profile 0:28 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops 0:59 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 3 25 theme wall 363:366 arg1 characteristics 368:382 cell wall characteristics 358:382 cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications 358:421 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 8 26 theme cell 1198:1201 arg1 glycomes 1208:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 7 27 theme compositional 1043:1055 arg1 variation 1057:1065 compositional variation 1043:1065 compositional variation 1043:1065 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 3 28 theme biomass 454:460 arg1 improvement 462:472 lignocellulosic biomass improvement 438:472 lignocellulosic biomass improvement 438:472 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 5 29 theme stem 688:691 arg1 biomass 693:699 stem biomass 688:699 stem biomass 688:699 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 10 30 theme cell 1556:1559 arg1 wall 1561:1564 the miscanthus cell wall 1541:1564 the miscanthus cell wall 1541:1564 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 4 31 theme biomass 504:510 arg1 quality 512:518 scoring biomass quality 496:518 scoring biomass quality 496:518 However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the lack of a reference for a given feedstock. 27859277 0 32 theme reference 12:20 arg1 profile 22:28 A cell wall reference profile 0:28 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops 0:59 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 7 33 theme variation 1057:1065 arg1 distribution 1080:1091 in situ distribution 1072:1091 in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes 1072:1116 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 7 33 theme variation 1057:1065 arg1 nature 1033:1038 the nature 1029:1038 the nature of compositional variation 1029:1065 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 0 34 theme organ 144:148 arg1 origin 150:155 organ origin 144:155 organ origin 144:155 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 10 35 theme miscanthus 1545:1554 arg1 wall 1561:1564 the miscanthus cell wall 1541:1564 the miscanthus cell wall 1541:1564 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 0 36 theme wall 7:10 arg1 profile 22:28 A cell wall reference profile 0:28 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops 0:59 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 9 37 theme cell 1493:1496 arg1 biomass 1503:1509 miscanthus cell wall biomass 1482:1509 miscanthus cell wall biomass 1482:1509 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 5 38 theme distinct 770:777 arg1 points 784:789 three developmentally distinct time points 748:789 three developmentally distinct time points 748:789 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 4 39 theme quality 512:518 arg1 task 488:491 the task 484:491 the task of scoring biomass quality 484:518 However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the lack of a reference for a given feedstock. 27859277 10 40 theme wall 1561:1564 arg1 portrait 1529:1536 this portrait 1524:1536 this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall 1524:1564 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 9 41 theme wall 1498:1501 arg1 biomass 1503:1509 miscanthus cell wall biomass 1482:1509 miscanthus cell wall biomass 1482:1509 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 5 42 theme time 779:782 arg1 points 784:789 three developmentally distinct time points 748:789 three developmentally distinct time points 748:789 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 2 43 theme energy 204:209 arg1 crops 211:215 promising lignocellulosic energy crops 178:215 promising lignocellulosic energy crops 178:215 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 8 44 theme wall 1203:1206 arg1 glycomes 1208:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 4 45 theme given 574:578 arg1 feedstock 580:588 a given feedstock 572:588 a given feedstock 572:588 However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the lack of a reference for a given feedstock. 27859277 2 46 theme lignocellulosic 188:202 arg1 crops 211:215 promising lignocellulosic energy crops 178:215 promising lignocellulosic energy crops 178:215 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 9 47 theme miscanthus 1482:1491 arg1 biomass 1503:1509 miscanthus cell wall biomass 1482:1509 miscanthus cell wall biomass 1482:1509 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 6 48 theme antibodies 832:841 arg1 suite 808:812 A comprehensive suite 792:812 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies 792:841 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 9 49 theme first 1282:1286 arg1 time 1288:1291 the first time 1278:1291 the first time 1278:1291 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 0 50 theme bioenergy 45:53 arg1 crops 55:59 Miscanthus bioenergy crops 34:59 Miscanthus bioenergy crops 34:59 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 9 51 theme miscanthus 1308:1317 arg1 components 1336:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 2 52 theme promising 178:186 arg1 crops 211:215 promising lignocellulosic energy crops 178:215 promising lignocellulosic energy crops 178:215 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 5 53 theme multidimensional 593:608 arg1 analysis 620:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis 591:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis 591:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 0 54 theme Miscanthus 34:43 arg1 crops 55:59 Miscanthus bioenergy crops 34:59 Miscanthus bioenergy crops 34:59 A cell wall reference profile for Miscanthus bioenergy crops highlights compositional and structural variations associated with development and organ origin. 27859277 10 55 theme crops 1668:1672 arg1 development 1637:1647 the development 1633:1647 the development of superior energy crops 1633:1672 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 2 56 theme wall 227:230 arg1 recalcitrance 232:244 cell wall recalcitrance 222:244 cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction 222:262 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 9 57 theme different 1389:1397 arg1 harvests 1399:1406 different harvests 1389:1406 different harvests 1389:1406 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 5 58 theme cell 610:613 arg1 analysis 620:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis 591:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis 591:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 6 59 theme cell 934:937 arg1 glycans 951:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans 920:957 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 10 60 theme engineering 1606:1616 arg1 strategies 1618:1627 breeding and genetic engineering strategies 1585:1627 breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops 1585:1672 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 8 61 from differences 1172:1182 arg1 glycomes 1208:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 10 62 theme energy 1661:1666 arg1 crops 1668:1672 superior energy crops 1652:1672 superior energy crops 1652:1672 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 27859277 2 63 theme cell 222:225 arg1 recalcitrance 232:244 cell wall recalcitrance 222:244 cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction 222:262 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 5 64 theme wall 615:618 arg1 analysis 620:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis 591:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis 591:627 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 9 65 theme wall 1324:1327 arg1 components 1336:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 miscanthus cell wall glycan components 1308:1345 For the first time, variations in miscanthus cell wall glycan components were comprehensively characterized across different harvests, organs and genotypes, to generate a representative reference profile for miscanthus cell wall biomass. 27859277 6 66 theme monoclonal 821:830 arg1 antibodies 832:841 155 monoclonal antibodies 817:841 155 monoclonal antibodies 817:841 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 8 67 theme biomass 1235:1241 arg1 amenability 1243:1253 biomass amenability 1235:1253 biomass amenability to deconstruction 1235:1271 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 4 68 theme scoring 496:502 arg1 quality 512:518 scoring biomass quality 496:518 scoring biomass quality 496:518 However, the task of scoring biomass quality is often complicated by the lack of a reference for a given feedstock. 27859277 2 69 theme widespread 284:293 arg1 use 295:297 their widespread use 278:297 their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks 278:337 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 7 70 theme carbohydrate 1096:1107 arg1 epitopes 1109:1116 carbohydrate epitopes 1096:1116 carbohydrate epitopes 1096:1116 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 3 71 theme characteristics 368:382 arg1 Identification 340:353 Identification 340:353 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications 340:421 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 8 72 theme miscanthus 1187:1196 arg1 glycomes 1208:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 miscanthus cell wall glycomes 1187:1215 Key observations demonstrated that there are crucial differences in miscanthus cell wall glycomes, which may impact biomass amenability to deconstruction. 27859277 6 73 theme comprehensive 794:806 arg1 suite 808:812 A comprehensive suite 792:812 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies 792:841 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 2 74 dep bioenergy 302:310 arg1 feedstocks 328:337 feedstocks 328:337 feedstocks 328:337 are promising lignocellulosic energy crops, but cell wall recalcitrance to deconstruction still hinders their widespread use as bioenergy and biomaterial feedstocks. 27859277 6 75 from changes 863:869 arg1 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 6 75 from changes 863:869 arg1 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 structure 888:896 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 6 75 from changes 863:869 arg1 distribution 874:885 distribution 874:885 distribution 874:885 A comprehensive suite of 155 monoclonal antibodies was used to monitor changes in distribution, structure and extractability of noncellulosic cell wall matrix glycans. 27859277 5 76 from genotypes 725:733 arg1 leaf 679:682 leaf 679:682 leaf 679:682 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 5 76 from genotypes 725:733 arg1 biomass 693:699 stem biomass 688:699 stem biomass 688:699 A multidimensional cell wall analysis was performed to generate a reference profile for leaf and stem biomass from several miscanthus genotypes harvested at three developmentally distinct time points. 27859277 3 77 theme desirable 384:392 arg1 characteristics 368:382 cell wall characteristics 358:382 cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications 358:421 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 3 78 theme lignocellulosic 438:452 arg1 improvement 462:472 lignocellulosic biomass improvement 438:472 lignocellulosic biomass improvement 438:472 Identification of cell wall characteristics desirable for biorefining applications is crucial for lignocellulosic biomass improvement. 27859277 7 79 theme Glycan 960:965 arg1 microarrays 967:977 Glycan microarrays 960:977 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry 960:1016 Glycan microarrays complemented with immunohistochemistry elucidated the nature of compositional variation, and in situ distribution of carbohydrate epitopes. 27859277 10 80 theme superior 1652:1659 arg1 crops 1668:1672 superior energy crops 1652:1672 superior energy crops 1652:1672 Ultimately, this portrait of the miscanthus cell wall will help to steer breeding and genetic engineering strategies for the development of superior energy crops. 24184880 1 0 theme culture 147:153 arg1 model 155:159 an in vitro culture model 135:159 an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes 135:227 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 1 1 theme human 253:257 arg1 repertoire 263:272 a polyclonal human IgG repertoire 240:272 a polyclonal human IgG repertoire 240:272 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 7 2 theme glycoform 1269:1277 arg1 distribution 1279:1290 the glycoform distribution 1265:1290 the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro 1265:1322 This data highlights the need for monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro. 24184880 5 3 theme typical 901:907 arg1 structures 930:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures 897:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides 897:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 5 4 theme biantennary 909:919 arg1 structures 930:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures 897:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides 897:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 1 5 theme IgG 259:261 arg1 repertoire 263:272 a polyclonal human IgG repertoire 240:272 a polyclonal human IgG repertoire 240:272 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 4 6 theme good 780:783 arg1 maintenance 785:795 a good maintenance 778:795 a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire 696:837 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 3 7 theme liquid 498:503 arg1 spectrometry 525:536 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 498:536 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 498:536 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 6 8 theme glycosylation 1039:1051 arg1 profile 1053:1059 the glycosylation profile 1035:1059 the glycosylation profile of IVIG 1035:1067 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 6 9 theme effector 1171:1178 arg1 functions 1180:1188 the effector functions 1167:1188 the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies 1167:1214 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 0 10 theme therapeutic 79:89 arg1 immunoglobulins 91:105 therapeutic immunoglobulins 79:105 therapeutic immunoglobulins 79:105 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro generated polyclonal human IgG and therapeutic immunoglobulins. 24184880 5 11 theme diverse 946:952 arg1 monosaccharides 963:977 diverse terminal monosaccharides 946:977 diverse terminal monosaccharides 946:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 4 12 theme reproducible 698:709 arg1 rate 725:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 4 12 theme reproducible 698:709 arg1 viability 736:744 high viability 731:744 high viability through the cultures 731:765 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 5 13 theme glycosylation 844:856 arg1 pattern 858:864 The glycosylation pattern 840:864 The glycosylation pattern analyses 840:873 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 6 14 theme vitro-produced 1073:1086 arg1 IgGs 1099:1102 vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs 1073:1102 vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs 1073:1102 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 2 15 theme G 414:414 arg1 profiles 383:390 the N-glycosylation profiles 363:390 the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 363:420 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 5 16 theme terminal 954:961 arg1 monosaccharides 963:977 diverse terminal monosaccharides 946:977 diverse terminal monosaccharides 946:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 2 17 theme immunoglobulin 399:412 arg1 IgG 417:419 IgG 417:419 IgG 417:419 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 2 17 theme immunoglobulin 399:412 arg1 G 414:414 the immunoglobulin G 395:414 the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 395:420 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 6 18 theme therapeutic 1193:1203 arg1 antibodies 1205:1214 therapeutic antibodies 1193:1214 therapeutic antibodies 1193:1214 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 3 19 theme glycosylation 557:569 arg1 profiles 571:578 IgGs' glycosylation profiles 551:578 IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 551:681 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 1 20 theme large-scale 174:184 arg1 expansion 186:194 the large-scale expansion 170:194 the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes 170:227 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 5 21 with structures 930:939 arg1 monosaccharides 963:977 diverse terminal monosaccharides 946:977 diverse terminal monosaccharides 946:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 6 22 theme many 986:989 arg1 similarities 991:1002 many similarities 986:1002 many similarities 986:1002 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 3 23 theme immunoglobulin 661:674 arg1 patterns 626:633 the glycosylation patterns 608:633 the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 608:681 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 0 24 theme glycosylation 18:30 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro 0:42 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro generated polyclonal human IgG and therapeutic immunoglobulins. 24184880 2 25 gly N-glycosylation 367:381 arg1 IgG 417:419 IgG 417:419 IgG 417:419 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 2 25 gly N-glycosylation 367:381 arg1 G 414:414 the immunoglobulin G 395:414 the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 395:420 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 4 26 theme cells 822:826 arg1 repertoire 828:837 the switched-memory B cells repertoire 800:837 the switched-memory B cells repertoire 800:837 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 1 27 dep in 138:139 arg1 vitro 141:145 vitro 141:145 vitro 141:145 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 7 28 from distribution 1279:1290 arg1 antibodies 1295:1304 antibodies 1295:1304 antibodies produced in vitro 1295:1322 This data highlights the need for monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro. 24184880 6 29 theme polyclonal 1088:1097 arg1 IgGs 1099:1102 vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs 1073:1102 vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs 1073:1102 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 3 30 theme intravenous 649:659 arg1 IVIG 677:680 IVIG 677:680 IVIG 677:680 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 3 30 theme intravenous 649:659 arg1 immunoglobulin 661:674 commercial intravenous immunoglobulin 638:674 commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 638:681 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 2 31 theme glycosylation 299:311 arg1 importance 285:294 the importance 281:294 the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins 281:348 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 1 32 theme switched-memory 199:213 arg1 lymphocytes 217:227 switched-memory B lymphocytes 199:227 switched-memory B lymphocytes 199:227 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 6 33 theme GlcNAc 1144:1149 arg1 levels 1124:1129 higher levels 1117:1129 higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies 1117:1214 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 5 34 theme structures 930:939 arg1 structures 930:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures 897:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides 897:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 5 34 theme structures 930:939 arg1 variety 886:892 a variety 884:892 a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides 884:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 3 35 theme B 453:453 arg1 cells 455:459 Switched-memory B cells 437:459 Switched-memory B cells 437:459 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 4 36 theme B 820:820 arg1 repertoire 828:837 the switched-memory B cells repertoire 800:837 the switched-memory B cells repertoire 800:837 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 1 37 theme B 215:215 arg1 lymphocytes 217:227 switched-memory B lymphocytes 199:227 switched-memory B lymphocytes 199:227 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 6 38 theme higher 1117:1122 arg1 levels 1124:1129 higher levels 1117:1129 higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies 1117:1214 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 4 39 theme switched-memory 804:818 arg1 repertoire 828:837 the switched-memory B cells repertoire 800:837 the switched-memory B cells repertoire 800:837 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 1 40 theme lymphocytes 217:227 arg1 expansion 186:194 the large-scale expansion 170:194 the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes 170:227 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 3 41 theme commercial 638:647 arg1 IVIG 677:680 IVIG 677:680 IVIG 677:680 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 3 41 theme commercial 638:647 arg1 immunoglobulin 661:674 commercial intravenous immunoglobulin 638:674 commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 638:681 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 4 42 theme repertoire 828:837 arg1 rate 725:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 4 42 theme repertoire 828:837 arg1 viability 736:744 high viability 731:744 high viability through the cultures 731:765 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 4 42 theme repertoire 828:837 arg1 maintenance 785:795 a good maintenance 778:795 a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire 696:837 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 6 43 theme bisecting 1134:1142 arg1 GlcNAc 1144:1149 bisecting GlcNAc 1134:1149 bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies 1134:1214 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 5 44 theme N-glycan 921:928 arg1 structures 930:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures 897:939 the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides 897:977 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 0 45 theme vitro 38:42 arg1 glycosylation 18:30 the glycosylation 14:30 the glycosylation of in vitro 14:42 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro generated polyclonal human IgG and therapeutic immunoglobulins. 24184880 7 46 from antibodies 1295:1304 arg1 monitoring 1251:1260 monitoring 1251:1260 monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro 1251:1322 This data highlights the need for monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro. 24184880 0 47 gly glycosylation 18:30 arg1 vitro 38:42 in vitro 35:42 in vitro 35:42 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro generated polyclonal human IgG and therapeutic immunoglobulins. 24184880 4 48 theme proliferation 711:723 arg1 rate 725:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 4 48 theme proliferation 711:723 arg1 viability 736:744 high viability 731:744 high viability through the cultures 731:765 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 7 49 from monitoring 1251:1260 arg1 antibodies 1295:1304 antibodies 1295:1304 antibodies produced in vitro 1295:1322 This data highlights the need for monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro. 24184880 3 50 theme glycosylation 612:624 arg1 patterns 626:633 the glycosylation patterns 608:633 the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 608:681 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 2 51 theme immunoglobulins 334:348 arg1 functions 321:329 the functions 317:329 the functions of immunoglobulins 317:348 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 6 52 theme IVIG 1064:1067 arg1 profile 1053:1059 the glycosylation profile 1035:1059 the glycosylation profile of IVIG 1035:1067 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 6 53 theme antibodies 1205:1214 arg1 functions 1180:1188 the effector functions 1167:1188 the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies 1167:1214 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 4 54 theme high 731:734 arg1 rate 725:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 a reproducible proliferation rate 696:728 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 4 54 theme high 731:734 arg1 viability 736:744 high viability 731:744 high viability through the cultures 731:765 We observed a reproducible proliferation rate, high viability through the cultures as well as a good maintenance of the switched-memory B cells repertoire. 24184880 3 55 theme chromatography-mass 505:523 arg1 spectrometry 525:536 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 498:536 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 498:536 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 3 56 theme Switched-memory 437:451 arg1 cells 455:459 Switched-memory B cells 437:459 Switched-memory B cells 437:459 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 0 57 theme human 65:69 arg1 IgG 71:73 polyclonal human IgG 54:73 polyclonal human IgG 54:73 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro generated polyclonal human IgG and therapeutic immunoglobulins. 24184880 5 58 theme pattern 858:864 arg1 analyses 866:873 The glycosylation pattern analyses 840:873 The glycosylation pattern analyses 840:873 The glycosylation pattern analyses revealed a variety of the typical biantennary N-glycan structures with diverse terminal monosaccharides. 24184880 1 59 theme in 138:139 arg1 model 155:159 an in vitro culture model 135:159 an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes 135:227 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 24184880 3 60 gly glycosylation 612:624 arg1 IVIG 677:680 IVIG 677:680 IVIG 677:680 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 3 60 gly glycosylation 612:624 arg1 immunoglobulin 661:674 commercial intravenous immunoglobulin 638:674 commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 638:681 Switched-memory B cells were cultured for 38 days and, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed IgGs' glycosylation profiles which were then compared to the glycosylation patterns of commercial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). 24184880 0 61 theme polyclonal 54:63 arg1 IgG 71:73 polyclonal human IgG 54:73 polyclonal human IgG 54:73 Comparison of the glycosylation of in vitro generated polyclonal human IgG and therapeutic immunoglobulins. 24184880 6 62 located detected 1009:1016 arg2 similarities 991:1002 many similarities 986:1002 many similarities 986:1002 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 6 62 located detected 1009:1016 arg1 comparison 1021:1030 comparison 1021:1030 comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG 1021:1067 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 6 62 located detected 1009:1016 arg1 IgGs 1099:1102 vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs 1073:1102 vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs 1073:1102 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 6 63 gly glycosylation 1039:1051 arg1 IVIG 1064:1067 IVIG 1064:1067 IVIG 1064:1067 While many similarities were detected in comparison to the glycosylation profile of IVIG, in vitro-produced polyclonal IgGs were bearing higher levels of bisecting GlcNAc known to affect the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies. 24184880 2 64 theme N-glycosylation 367:381 arg1 profiles 383:390 the N-glycosylation profiles 363:390 the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) 363:420 Given the importance of glycosylation for the functions of immunoglobulins, we analyzed the N-glycosylation profiles of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) in this model. 24184880 7 65 theme distribution 1279:1290 arg1 monitoring 1251:1260 monitoring 1251:1260 monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro 1251:1322 This data highlights the need for monitoring of the glycoform distribution in antibodies produced in vitro. 24184880 1 66 theme polyclonal 242:251 arg1 repertoire 263:272 a polyclonal human IgG repertoire 240:272 a polyclonal human IgG repertoire 240:272 We have recently developed an in vitro culture model enabling the large-scale expansion of switched-memory B lymphocytes, producing a polyclonal human IgG repertoire. 27576579 1 0 theme simple 161:166 arg1 structures 256:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 0 theme simple 161:166 arg1 systems 177:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 0 theme simple 161:166 arg1 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 0 theme simple 161:166 arg1 droplets 221:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 0 theme simple 161:166 arg1 models 313:318 protocell models 303:318 protocell models 303:318 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 6 1 theme receptor-ligand 1162:1176 arg1 interaction 1178:1188 a native receptor-ligand interaction 1153:1188 a native receptor-ligand interaction 1153:1188 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 0 2 theme Glycan-Lectin 77:89 arg1 Interactions 91:102 Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions 65:102 Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions 65:102 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 1 3 theme physical 168:175 arg1 structures 256:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 3 theme physical 168:175 arg1 systems 177:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 3 theme physical 168:175 arg1 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 3 theme physical 168:175 arg1 droplets 221:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 3 theme physical 168:175 arg1 models 313:318 protocell models 303:318 protocell models 303:318 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 2 4 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 ability 384:390 the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species 380:441 the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species 380:441 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 2 4 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 characteristics 355:369 key cellular characteristics 342:369 key cellular characteristics 342:369 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 5 5 gly glycosylated 794:805 arg1 exterior 807:814 The glycosylated exterior 790:814 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 790:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 3 6 theme cell 514:517 arg1 mimics 519:524 synthetic cell mimics 504:524 synthetic cell mimics 504:524 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 5 7 theme carbohydrate-binding 917:936 arg1 particles 962:970 carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 917:970 carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 917:970 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 6 8 theme native 1155:1160 arg1 interaction 1178:1188 a native receptor-ligand interaction 1153:1188 a native receptor-ligand interaction 1153:1188 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 3 9 theme mimics 519:524 arg1 creation 492:499 the de novo creation 480:499 the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells 480:643 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 3 10 theme simple 462:467 arg1 method 469:474 a simple method 460:474 a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells 460:643 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 5 11 with interaction 900:910 arg1 particles 962:970 carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 917:970 carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 917:970 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 3 12 from creation 492:499 arg1 form 533:536 the form 529:536 the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells 529:643 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 4 13 theme glycosylated 739:750 arg1 copolymers 758:767 amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers 726:767 copolymers 758:767 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 5 14 theme polymeric 833:841 arg1 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 5 14 theme polymeric 833:841 arg1 vesicles 861:868 polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles 833:868 the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 819:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 3 15 theme synthetic 504:512 arg1 mimics 519:524 synthetic cell mimics 504:524 synthetic cell mimics 504:524 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 5 16 theme giant 843:847 arg1 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 5 16 theme giant 843:847 arg1 vesicles 861:868 polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles 833:868 the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 819:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 0 17 theme Polymersome 6:16 arg1 Dock 29:32 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock 0:32 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle 0:52 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 4 18 gly glycosylated 739:750 arg1 copolymers 758:767 amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers 726:767 copolymers 758:767 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 4 19 from conditions 711:720 arg1 solution 780:787 aqueous solution 772:787 aqueous solution 772:787 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 4 20 theme electroformation 694:709 arg1 conditions 711:720 electroformation conditions 694:720 electroformation conditions 694:720 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 5 21 theme unilamellar 849:859 arg1 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 5 21 theme unilamellar 849:859 arg1 vesicles 861:868 polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles 833:868 the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 819:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 0 22 theme Giant 0:4 arg1 Dock 29:32 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock 0:32 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle 0:52 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 3 23 dep de 484:485 arg1 novo 487:490 novo 487:490 novo 487:490 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 4 24 theme amphiphilic 726:736 arg1 copolymers 758:767 amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers 726:767 copolymers 758:767 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 5 25 theme vesicles 861:868 arg1 exterior 807:814 The glycosylated exterior 790:814 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 790:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 2 26 theme extracellular 421:433 arg1 species 435:441 extracellular species 421:441 extracellular species 421:441 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 5 27 theme cell-surface 1004:1015 arg1 docking 1017:1023 the cell-surface docking 1000:1023 the cell-surface docking of virus particles 1000:1042 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 0 28 theme Protocells 18:27 arg1 Dock 29:32 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock 0:32 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle 0:52 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 5 29 theme receptor-functionalized 938:960 arg1 particles 962:970 carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 917:970 carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 917:970 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 1 30 theme low 117:119 arg1 complexity 121:130 the low complexity 113:130 the low complexity of their components 113:150 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 5 31 theme particles 1034:1042 arg1 docking 1017:1023 the cell-surface docking 1000:1023 the cell-surface docking of virus particles 1000:1042 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 1 32 theme coacervate 210:219 arg1 droplets 221:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 0 33 theme Virus 39:43 arg1 Particle 45:52 Virus Particle 39:52 Virus Particle 39:52 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 1 34 theme protocell 303:311 arg1 structures 256:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 34 theme protocell 303:311 arg1 systems 177:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 34 theme protocell 303:311 arg1 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 34 theme protocell 303:311 arg1 droplets 221:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 34 theme protocell 303:311 arg1 models 313:318 protocell models 303:318 protocell models 303:318 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 3 35 theme behavior 603:610 arg1 capable 592:598 capable 592:598 capable 592:598 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 3 36 theme vesicles 557:564 arg1 form 533:536 the form 529:536 the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells 529:643 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 5 37 theme virus 1028:1032 arg1 particles 1034:1042 virus particles 1028:1042 virus particles 1028:1042 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 0 38 with Dock 29:32 arg1 Particle 45:52 Virus Particle 39:52 Virus Particle 39:52 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 5 39 theme resulting 823:831 arg1 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 GUVs 871:874 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 5 39 theme resulting 823:831 arg1 vesicles 861:868 polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles 833:868 the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 819:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 5 40 theme glycosylated 794:805 arg1 exterior 807:814 The glycosylated exterior 790:814 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) 790:875 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 3 41 theme giant 541:545 arg1 vesicles 557:564 giant polymeric vesicles 541:564 giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) 541:579 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 3 41 theme giant 541:545 arg1 polymersomes 567:578 polymersomes 567:578 polymersomes 567:578 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 6 42 theme cell-like 1126:1134 arg1 behavior 1136:1143 cell-like behavior 1126:1143 cell-like behavior 1126:1143 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 2 43 theme key 342:344 arg1 ability 384:390 the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species 380:441 the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species 380:441 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 2 43 theme key 342:344 arg1 characteristics 355:369 key cellular characteristics 342:369 key cellular characteristics 342:369 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 3 44 theme polymeric 547:555 arg1 vesicles 557:564 giant polymeric vesicles 541:564 giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) 541:579 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 3 44 theme polymeric 547:555 arg1 polymersomes 567:578 polymersomes 567:578 polymersomes 567:578 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 3 45 theme de 484:485 arg1 creation 492:499 the de novo creation 480:499 the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells 480:643 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 5 46 theme selective 890:898 arg1 interaction 900:910 their selective interaction 884:910 their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles 884:970 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 5 47 theme docking 1017:1023 arg1 reminiscent 985:995 reminiscent 985:995 reminiscent 985:995 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 3 48 theme living 632:637 arg1 cells 639:643 living cells 632:643 living cells 632:643 Here, we report a simple method for the de novo creation of synthetic cell mimics in the form of giant polymeric vesicles (polymersomes), which are capable of behavior approaching that of living cells. 27576579 4 49 theme copolymers 758:767 arg1 conditions 711:720 electroformation conditions 694:720 electroformation conditions 694:720 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 4 50 from solution 780:787 arg1 conditions 711:720 electroformation conditions 694:720 electroformation conditions 694:720 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 6 51 theme model 1109:1113 arg1 this 1061:1064 this 1061:1064 this 1061:1064 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 6 51 theme model 1109:1113 arg1 example 1079:1085 the first example 1069:1085 the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction 1069:1188 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 1 52 theme phospholipid 234:245 arg1 structures 256:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 5 53 theme reminiscent 985:995 arg1 manner 978:983 a manner 976:983 a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles 976:1042 The glycosylated exterior of the resulting polymeric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allows their selective interaction with carbohydrate-binding receptor-functionalized particles, in a manner reminiscent of the cell-surface docking of virus particles. 27576579 4 54 theme block 752:756 arg1 copolymers 758:767 amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers 726:767 copolymers 758:767 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 1 55 theme components 141:150 arg1 complexity 121:130 the low complexity 113:130 the low complexity of their components 113:150 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 56 theme membrane 247:254 arg1 structures 256:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 0 57 theme Multivalent 65:75 arg1 Interactions 91:102 Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions 65:102 Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions 65:102 Giant Polymersome Protocells Dock with Virus Particle Mimics via Multivalent Glycan-Lectin Interactions. 27576579 6 58 theme simple 1092:1097 arg1 model 1109:1113 a simple protocell model 1090:1113 a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction 1090:1188 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 4 59 theme aqueous 772:778 arg1 solution 780:787 aqueous solution 772:787 aqueous solution 772:787 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 6 60 theme protocell 1099:1107 arg1 model 1109:1113 a simple protocell model 1090:1113 a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction 1090:1188 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 6 61 theme first 1073:1077 arg1 this 1061:1064 this 1061:1064 this 1061:1064 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 6 61 theme first 1073:1077 arg1 example 1079:1085 the first example 1069:1085 the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction 1069:1188 We believe that this is the first example of a simple protocell model displaying cell-like behavior through a native receptor-ligand interaction. 27576579 2 62 dep ability 384:390 arg1 replicate 395:403 replicate 395:403 to replicate 392:403 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 2 62 dep ability 384:390 arg1 dock 411:414 dock 411:414 to dock with extracellular species 408:441 These, however, lack key cellular characteristics, such as the ability to replicate or to dock with extracellular species. 27576579 4 63 from copolymers 758:767 arg1 solution 780:787 aqueous solution 772:787 aqueous solution 772:787 These polymersomes form by self-assembly, under electroformation conditions, of amphiphilic, glycosylated block copolymers in aqueous solution. 27576579 1 64 theme several 153:159 arg1 structures 256:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 phospholipid membrane structures 234:265 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 64 theme several 153:159 arg1 systems 177:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 several simple physical systems 153:183 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 64 theme several 153:159 arg1 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 microspheres 196:207 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 64 theme several 153:159 arg1 droplets 221:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 coacervate droplets 210:228 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 27576579 1 64 theme several 153:159 arg1 models 313:318 protocell models 303:318 protocell models 303:318 Despite the low complexity of their components, several simple physical systems, including microspheres, coacervate droplets and phospholipid membrane structures (liposomes), have been suggested as protocell models. 25975956 6 0 theme tumor 1009:1013 arg1 metastasis 1015:1024 tumor metastasis 1009:1024 tumor metastasis 1009:1024 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 3 1 theme 194 655:657 arg1 carcinomas 659:668 194 carcinomas 655:668 194 carcinomas 655:668 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 11 2 theme haematogenic 1904:1915 arg1 spread 1931:1936 haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1904:1936 haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1904:1936 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 1 3 theme glycosylation 168:180 arg1 influence 155:163 the influence 151:163 the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression 151:209 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 6 4 theme node 1074:1077 arg1 parameters 986:995 parameters 986:995 parameters involved in tumor metastasis 986:1024 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 4 theme node 1074:1077 arg1 involvement 1079:1089 lymph node involvement 1068:1089 lymph node involvement 1068:1089 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 10 5 theme classical 1666:1674 arg1 markers 1687:1693 classical prognostic markers 1666:1693 classical prognostic markers 1666:1693 This prognostic impact retained significance in multivariate analysis including classical prognostic markers. 25975956 1 6 theme breast 185:190 arg1 progression 199:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 0 7 theme breast 118:123 arg1 patients 132:139 breast cancer patients 118:139 breast cancer patients 118:139 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. 25975956 3 8 theme glycosylation 498:510 arg1 enzymes 512:518 glycosylation enzymes 498:518 glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 498:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 6 9 theme Positive 896:903 arg1 binding 905:911 Positive binding 896:911 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 896:954 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 0 10 from synthesis 79:87 arg1 patients 132:139 breast cancer patients 118:139 breast cancer patients 118:139 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. 25975956 11 11 theme glycan 1719:1724 arg1 structures 1726:1735 glycan structures 1719:1735 glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues 1719:1768 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 9 12 theme combined 1374:1381 arg1 overexpression 1383:1396 combined overexpression 1374:1396 combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA 1374:1437 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 8 13 theme shorter 1352:1358 arg1 OAS 1360:1362 shorter OAS 1352:1362 shorter OAS 1352:1362 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 6 14 theme bone 1136:1139 arg1 marrow 1141:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 15 theme cells 1127:1131 arg1 lymphangiosis 1034:1046 lymphangiosis 1034:1046 lymphangiosis 1034:1046 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 15 theme cells 1127:1131 arg1 invasion 1058:1065 vascular invasion 1049:1065 vascular invasion 1049:1065 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 15 theme cells 1127:1131 arg1 parameters 986:995 parameters 986:995 parameters involved in tumor metastasis 986:1024 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 15 theme cells 1127:1131 arg1 involvement 1079:1089 lymph node involvement 1068:1089 lymph node involvement 1068:1089 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 15 theme cells 1127:1131 arg1 presence 1096:1103 presence 1096:1103 presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow 1096:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 8 16 theme GALNT8 1278:1283 arg1 expression 1247:1256 high expression 1242:1256 high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein 1242:1320 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 3 17 theme binding 561:567 arg1 glycostructures 569:583 PNA binding glycostructures 557:583 PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 557:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 2 18 theme breast 440:445 arg1 samples 454:460 >400 breast cancer samples 435:460 >400 breast cancer samples 435:460 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 6 19 theme disseminated 1108:1119 arg1 cells 1127:1131 disseminated tumor cells 1108:1131 disseminated tumor cells 1108:1131 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 9 20 theme mRNA 1434:1437 arg1 overexpression 1383:1396 combined overexpression 1374:1396 combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA 1374:1437 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 6 21 dep lectins 921:927 arg1 HPA 930:932 HPA 930:932 HPA 930:932 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 21 dep lectins 921:927 arg1 lectins 921:927 four lectins 916:927 four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 916:954 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 21 dep lectins 921:927 arg1 PNA 940:942 PNA 940:942 PNA 940:942 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 21 dep lectins 921:927 arg1 PHA-L 949:953 PHA-L 949:953 PHA-L 949:953 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 21 dep lectins 921:927 arg1 GNA 935:937 GNA 935:937 GNA 935:937 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 11 22 theme promoting 1881:1889 arg1 influence 1891:1899 their promoting influence 1875:1899 their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1875:1936 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 6 23 theme lectins 921:927 arg1 binding 905:911 Positive binding 896:911 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 896:954 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 8 24 theme C1GALT1 1261:1267 arg1 expression 1247:1256 high expression 1242:1256 high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein 1242:1320 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 6 25 from involvement 1079:1089 arg1 marrow 1141:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 9 26 theme reduced 1475:1481 arg1 HR 1488:1489 HR 3.15 and 2.73 1488:1503 HR 1488:1489 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 9 26 theme reduced 1475:1481 arg1 2.73 1500:1503 2.73 1500:1503 2.73 1500:1503 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 9 26 theme reduced 1475:1481 arg1 OAS 1483:1485 a significantly reduced OAS 1459:1485 a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) 1459:1504 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 8 27 theme GALNT1 1270:1275 arg1 expression 1247:1256 high expression 1242:1256 high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein 1242:1320 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 4 28 theme C1GALT1 685:691 arg1 expression 701:710 C1GALT1 protein expression 685:710 C1GALT1 protein expression 685:710 Additionally, C1GALT1 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis in 106 tumors. 25975956 6 29 from invasion 1058:1065 arg1 marrow 1141:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 11 30 theme breast 1829:1834 arg1 progression 1843:1853 breast cancer progression 1829:1853 breast cancer progression 1829:1853 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 0 31 theme βGal-βGalNAc-containing 13:35 arg1 glycans 37:43 βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans 13:43 βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans 13:43 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. 25975956 2 32 theme tissue 412:417 arg1 microarray 419:428 a tissue microarray 410:428 a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples 410:460 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 5 33 with Correlations 765:776 arg1 parameters 809:818 clinical and histological parameters 783:818 clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) 783:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 33 with Correlations 765:776 arg1 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 33 with Correlations 765:776 arg1 survival 864:871 overall survival 856:871 overall survival (OAS) 856:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 3 34 theme family 592:597 arg1 members 599:605 GALNT family members 586:605 GALNT family members 586:605 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 8 35 theme mRNA 1297:1300 arg1 expression 1247:1256 high expression 1242:1256 high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein 1242:1320 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 0 36 theme enzymes 53:59 arg1 Relevance 0:8 Relevance 0:8 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes 0:59 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. 25975956 11 37 contain containing 1737:1746 arg2 residues 1761:1768 βGal-βGalNAc residues 1748:1768 βGal-βGalNAc residues 1748:1768 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 11 37 contain containing 1737:1746 arg1 structures 1726:1735 glycan structures 1719:1735 glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues 1719:1768 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 7 38 theme negative 1183:1190 arg1 impact 1203:1208 a negative prognostic impact 1181:1208 a negative prognostic impact 1181:1208 HPA and PNA binding also showed a negative prognostic impact in our cohort. 25975956 8 39 theme C1GALT1 1306:1312 arg1 protein 1314:1320 C1GALT1 protein 1306:1320 C1GALT1 protein 1306:1320 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 2 40 theme lectin 308:313 arg1 histochemistry 315:328 lectin histochemistry 308:328 lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 308:405 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 3 41 dep glycostructures 569:583 arg1 C1GALT1 611:617 C1GALT1 611:617 C1GALT1 611:617 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 3 41 dep glycostructures 569:583 arg1 members 599:605 GALNT family members 586:605 GALNT family members 586:605 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 2 42 theme different 351:359 arg1 specificity 361:371 different specificity 351:371 different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 351:405 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 11 43 from influence 1891:1899 arg1 spread 1931:1936 haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1904:1936 haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1904:1936 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 3 44 theme microarray 636:645 arg1 data 647:650 microarray data 636:650 microarray data of 194 carcinomas 636:668 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 1 45 gly glycosylation 168:180 arg1 breast 185:190 breast cancer progression 185:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 1 45 gly glycosylation 168:180 arg1 cancer 192:197 breast cancer progression 185:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 3 46 theme mRNA 479:482 arg1 expression 484:493 mRNA expression 479:493 mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 479:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 1 47 theme protein 244:250 arg1 level 252:256 protein level 244:256 protein level 244:256 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 10 48 theme prognostic 1676:1685 arg1 markers 1687:1693 classical prognostic markers 1666:1693 classical prognostic markers 1666:1693 This prognostic impact retained significance in multivariate analysis including classical prognostic markers. 25975956 3 49 theme carcinomas 659:668 arg1 data 647:650 microarray data 636:650 microarray data of 194 carcinomas 636:668 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 5 50 theme histological 796:807 arg1 parameters 809:818 clinical and histological parameters 783:818 clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) 783:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 50 theme histological 796:807 arg1 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 50 theme histological 796:807 arg1 survival 864:871 overall survival 856:871 overall survival (OAS) 856:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 10 51 theme multivariate 1634:1645 arg1 analysis 1647:1654 multivariate analysis 1634:1654 multivariate analysis including classical prognostic markers 1634:1693 This prognostic impact retained significance in multivariate analysis including classical prognostic markers. 25975956 3 52 theme enzymes 512:518 arg1 expression 484:493 mRNA expression 479:493 mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 479:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 9 53 theme additive 1549:1556 arg1 influence 1558:1566 an additive influence 1546:1566 an additive influence of these enzymes 1546:1583 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 6 54 theme lymph 1068:1072 arg1 parameters 986:995 parameters 986:995 parameters involved in tumor metastasis 986:1024 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 54 theme lymph 1068:1072 arg1 involvement 1079:1089 lymph node involvement 1068:1089 lymph node involvement 1068:1089 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 0 55 theme cancer 125:130 arg1 patients 132:139 breast cancer patients 118:139 breast cancer patients 118:139 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. 25975956 2 56 theme structures 283:292 arg1 detection 263:271 detection 263:271 detection of glycan structures 263:292 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 1 57 theme cancer 192:197 arg1 progression 199:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 5 58 theme recurrence-free 830:844 arg1 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 59 theme clinical 783:790 arg1 parameters 809:818 clinical and histological parameters 783:818 clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) 783:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 59 theme clinical 783:790 arg1 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 RFS 847:849 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 59 theme clinical 783:790 arg1 survival 864:871 overall survival 856:871 overall survival (OAS) 856:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 9 60 theme enzymes 1577:1583 arg1 influence 1558:1566 an additive influence 1546:1566 an additive influence of these enzymes 1546:1583 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 1 61 from analyses 214:221 arg1 mRNA 234:237 mRNA 234:237 mRNA 234:237 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 1 61 from analyses 214:221 arg1 glycan 226:231 glycan 226:231 glycan 226:231 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 1 61 from analyses 214:221 arg1 level 252:256 protein level 244:256 protein level 244:256 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 5 62 theme overall 856:862 arg1 survival 864:871 overall survival 856:871 overall survival (OAS) 856:877 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 5 62 theme overall 856:862 arg1 OAS 874:876 OAS 874:876 OAS 874:876 Correlations with clinical and histological parameters including recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OAS) were calculated. 25975956 4 63 theme Western 728:734 arg1 analysis 741:748 Western blot analysis 728:748 Western blot analysis 728:748 Additionally, C1GALT1 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis in 106 tumors. 25975956 3 64 theme PNA 557:559 arg1 glycostructures 569:583 PNA binding glycostructures 557:583 PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 557:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 2 65 with microarray 419:428 arg1 samples 454:460 >400 breast cancer samples 435:460 >400 breast cancer samples 435:460 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 9 66 theme C1GALT1/GALNT1 1401:1414 arg1 overexpression 1383:1396 combined overexpression 1374:1396 combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA 1374:1437 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 11 67 theme lymphatic 1921:1929 arg1 spread 1931:1936 haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1904:1936 haematogenic and lymphatic spread 1904:1936 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 6 68 theme tumor 1121:1125 arg1 cells 1127:1131 disseminated tumor cells 1108:1131 disseminated tumor cells 1108:1131 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 3 69 theme HPA 549:551 arg1 synthesis 536:544 the synthesis 532:544 the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 532:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 9 70 theme C1GALT1/GALNT8 1419:1432 arg1 mRNA 1434:1437 C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA 1419:1437 C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA 1419:1437 Notably, combined overexpression of C1GALT1/GALNT1 or C1GALT1/GALNT8 mRNA was associated with a significantly reduced OAS (HR 3.15 and 2.73) and RFS (HR 2.01 and 1.94), pointing to an additive influence of these enzymes. 25975956 6 71 attach presence 1096:1103 arg1 marrow 1141:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 71 attach presence 1096:1103 arg2 cells 1127:1131 disseminated tumor cells 1108:1131 disseminated tumor cells 1108:1131 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 1 72 from influence 155:163 arg1 progression 199:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 breast cancer progression 185:209 To study the influence of glycosylation on breast cancer progression by analyses on glycan, mRNA, and protein level. 25975956 2 73 theme glycan 276:281 arg1 structures 283:292 glycan structures 276:292 glycan structures 276:292 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 4 74 theme protein 693:699 arg1 expression 701:710 C1GALT1 protein expression 685:710 C1GALT1 protein expression 685:710 Additionally, C1GALT1 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis in 106 tumors. 25975956 8 75 theme high 1242:1245 arg1 expression 1247:1256 high expression 1242:1256 high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein 1242:1320 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 2 76 theme cancer 447:452 arg1 samples 454:460 >400 breast cancer samples 435:460 >400 breast cancer samples 435:460 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 6 77 from presence 1096:1103 arg1 marrow 1141:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 2 78 theme specificity 361:371 arg1 lectins 340:346 five lectins 335:346 five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 335:405 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 0 79 theme glycans 37:43 arg1 Relevance 0:8 Relevance 0:8 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes 0:59 Relevance of βGal-βGalNAc-containing glycans and the enzymes involved in their synthesis for invasion and survival in breast cancer patients. 25975956 3 80 theme GALNT 586:590 arg1 members 599:605 GALNT family members 586:605 GALNT family members 586:605 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 11 81 theme cancer 1836:1841 arg1 progression 1843:1853 breast cancer progression 1829:1853 breast cancer progression 1829:1853 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 7 82 theme prognostic 1192:1201 arg1 impact 1203:1208 a negative prognostic impact 1181:1208 a negative prognostic impact 1181:1208 HPA and PNA binding also showed a negative prognostic impact in our cohort. 25975956 3 83 theme glycostructures 569:583 arg1 synthesis 536:544 the synthesis 532:544 the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) 532:618 For comparison, mRNA expression of glycosylation enzymes involved in the synthesis of HPA and PNA binding glycostructures (GALNT family members and C1GALT1) was analyzed in microarray data of 194 carcinomas. 25975956 6 84 from lymphangiosis 1034:1046 arg1 marrow 1141:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 bone marrow 1136:1146 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 2 85 with histochemistry 315:328 arg1 lectins 340:346 five lectins 335:346 five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) 335:405 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 6 86 theme vascular 1049:1056 arg1 invasion 1058:1065 vascular invasion 1049:1065 vascular invasion 1049:1065 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 6 86 theme vascular 1049:1056 arg1 parameters 986:995 parameters 986:995 parameters involved in tumor metastasis 986:1024 Positive binding of four lectins (HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) correlated significantly with parameters involved in tumor metastasis, namely lymphangiosis, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. 25975956 8 87 theme GALNT14 1289:1295 arg1 mRNA 1297:1300 GALNT14 mRNA 1289:1300 GALNT14 mRNA 1289:1300 Correspondingly, high expression of C1GALT1, GALNT1, GALNT8, or GALNT14 mRNA and C1GALT1 protein correlated significantly with shorter OAS. 25975956 2 88 dep specificity 361:371 arg1 UEA-1 374:378 UEA-1 374:378 UEA-1 374:378 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 2 88 dep specificity 361:371 arg1 PNA 391:393 PNA 391:393 PNA 391:393 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 2 88 dep specificity 361:371 arg1 PHA-L 400:404 PHA-L 400:404 PHA-L 400:404 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 2 88 dep specificity 361:371 arg1 GNA 386:388 GNA 386:388 GNA 386:388 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 2 88 dep specificity 361:371 arg1 HPA 381:383 HPA 381:383 HPA 381:383 For detection of glycan structures, we performed lectin histochemistry with five lectins of different specificity (UEA-1, HPA, GNA, PNA, and PHA-L) on a tissue microarray with >400 breast cancer samples. 25975956 11 89 theme βGal-βGalNAc 1748:1759 arg1 residues 1761:1768 βGal-βGalNAc residues 1748:1768 βGal-βGalNAc residues 1748:1768 Our data indicate that glycan structures containing βGal-βGalNAc residues and the enzymes involved in their synthesis play a role in breast cancer progression, at least partly by their promoting influence on haematogenic and lymphatic spread. 25975956 7 90 theme PNA 1157:1159 arg1 binding 1161:1167 PNA binding 1157:1167 PNA binding 1157:1167 HPA and PNA binding also showed a negative prognostic impact in our cohort. 25975956 4 91 theme blot 736:739 arg1 analysis 741:748 Western blot analysis 728:748 Western blot analysis 728:748 Additionally, C1GALT1 protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis in 106 tumors. 25975956 10 92 theme prognostic 1591:1600 arg1 impact 1602:1607 This prognostic impact 1586:1607 This prognostic impact 1586:1607 This prognostic impact retained significance in multivariate analysis including classical prognostic markers. 28188862 12 0 theme ascitic 1893:1899 arg1 fraction 1907:1914 the ascitic fluid fraction 1889:1914 the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients 1889:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 12 1 from N-glycome 1876:1884 arg1 patients 1928:1935 cancer patients 1921:1935 cancer patients 1921:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 11 2 contain contains 1636:1643 arg2 proteins 1660:1667 proteins 1660:1667 proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells 1660:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 11 2 contain contains 1636:1643 arg2 amount 1650:1655 high amount 1645:1655 high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells 1645:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 11 2 contain contains 1636:1643 arg1 proteome 1569:1576 The proteome 1565:1576 The proteome of ascites 1565:1587 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 4 3 theme improved 527:534 arg1 sensitivity 536:546 an improved sensitivity 524:546 an improved sensitivity 524:546 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 10 4 theme tumor 1488:1492 arg1 origin 1494:1499 tumor origin 1488:1499 tumor origin 1488:1499 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 16 5 theme structures 2758:2767 arg1 structures 2758:2767 sialylated structures 2747:2767 sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2747:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 16 5 theme structures 2758:2767 arg1 amount 2737:2742 a higher amount 2728:2742 a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2728:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 6 6 from serum 978:982 arg1 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 6 from serum 978:982 arg1 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 6 from serum 978:982 arg1 amount 920:925 equivalent amount 909:925 equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls 909:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 9 7 theme peritoneal 1337:1346 arg1 cavity 1348:1353 the peritoneal cavity 1333:1353 the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1333:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 15 8 theme typical 2448:2454 arg1 features 2456:2463 typical features 2448:2463 typical features 2448:2463 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 13 9 theme N-glycosylation 1983:1997 arg1 profile 1999:2005 the N-glycosylation profile 1979:2005 the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 1979:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 15 10 theme conditions 2481:2490 arg1 features 2456:2463 typical features 2448:2463 typical features 2448:2463 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 9 11 theme secondary 1355:1363 arg1 cavity 1348:1353 the peritoneal cavity 1333:1353 the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1333:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 12 12 theme malignant 1839:1847 arg1 ascites 1849:1855 malignant ascites 1839:1855 malignant ascites 1839:1855 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 14 13 theme quantitative 2301:2312 arg1 differences 2314:2324 Significant quantitative differences 2289:2324 Significant quantitative differences 2289:2324 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 16 14 theme sialylation 2669:2679 arg1 degree 2659:2664 degree 2659:2664 degree of sialylation 2659:2679 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 16 14 theme sialylation 2669:2679 arg1 volume 2648:2653 ascites volume 2640:2653 ascites volume 2640:2653 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 4 15 theme improved 599:606 arg1 discrimination 608:621 an improved discrimination 596:621 an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors 596:665 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 11 16 theme proteins 1660:1667 arg1 proteins 1660:1667 proteins 1660:1667 proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells 1660:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 11 16 theme proteins 1660:1667 arg1 amount 1650:1655 high amount 1645:1655 high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells 1645:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 4 17 from stage 571:575 arg1 discrimination 608:621 an improved discrimination 596:621 an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors 596:665 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 4 17 from stage 571:575 arg1 specificity 552:562 specificity 552:562 specificity 552:562 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 4 17 from stage 571:575 arg1 sensitivity 536:546 an improved sensitivity 524:546 an improved sensitivity 524:546 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 5 18 theme primary 756:762 arg1 patients 775:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 16 19 theme high-volume 2699:2709 arg1 ascites 2711:2717 the high-volume ascites 2695:2717 the high-volume ascites 2695:2717 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 5 20 theme ascitic 737:743 arg1 fluid 745:749 ascitic fluid 737:749 ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients 737:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 5 21 theme EOC 771:773 arg1 patients 775:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 4 22 theme ovarian 652:658 arg1 tumors 660:665 malignant and benign ovarian tumors 631:665 malignant and benign ovarian tumors 631:665 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 7 23 theme Ascites 1041:1047 arg1 N-glycome 1049:1057 Ascites N-glycome 1041:1057 Ascites N-glycome 1041:1057 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 16 24 theme higher 2730:2735 arg1 structures 2758:2767 sialylated structures 2747:2767 sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2747:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 16 24 theme higher 2730:2735 arg1 amount 2737:2742 a higher amount 2728:2742 a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2728:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 15 25 theme healthy 2574:2580 arg1 serum 2582:2586 healthy serum 2574:2586 healthy serum 2574:2586 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 5 26 theme patients 839:846 arg1 N-glycomes 816:825 the serum N-glycomes 806:825 the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls 806:877 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 6 27 theme ascites 930:936 arg1 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 27 theme ascites 930:936 arg1 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 27 theme ascites 930:936 arg1 amount 920:925 equivalent amount 909:925 equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls 909:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 12 28 theme fraction 1907:1914 arg1 N-glycome 1876:1884 the N-glycome 1872:1884 the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients 1872:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 7 29 theme healthy 1143:1149 arg1 serum 1151:1155 healthy serum 1143:1155 healthy serum 1143:1155 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 5 30 theme fluid 745:749 arg1 profiles 725:732 the N-glycome profiles 711:732 the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients 711:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 5 31 from patients 775:782 arg1 profiles 725:732 the N-glycome profiles 711:732 the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients 711:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 5 31 from patients 775:782 arg1 fluid 745:749 ascitic fluid 737:749 ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients 737:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 8 32 theme sialylation 1238:1248 arg1 ascites 1209:1215 ascites volume and degree 1209:1233 ascites volume and degree of sialylation 1209:1248 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation. 28188862 8 32 theme sialylation 1238:1248 arg1 degree 1228:1233 degree 1228:1233 degree 1228:1233 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation. 28188862 8 32 theme sialylation 1238:1248 arg1 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation. 28188862 9 33 from build-up 1295:1302 arg1 cavity 1348:1353 the peritoneal cavity 1333:1353 the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1333:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 1 34 theme cancer 136:141 arg1 form 128:131 the sixth most lethal form 106:131 the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women 106:160 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 13 35 theme ascites 2010:2016 arg1 profile 1999:2005 the N-glycosylation profile 1979:2005 the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 1979:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 36 from individuals 2276:2286 arg1 serum 2257:2261 serum 2257:2261 serum from healthy individuals 2257:2286 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 36 from individuals 2276:2286 arg1 pattern 2246:2252 the pattern 2242:2252 the pattern of serum from healthy individuals 2242:2286 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 7 37 theme LewisX 1116:1121 arg1 motives 1123:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 16 38 theme ascites 2640:2646 arg1 volume 2648:2653 ascites volume 2640:2653 ascites volume 2640:2653 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 5 39 theme controls 870:877 arg1 N-glycomes 816:825 the serum N-glycomes 806:825 the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls 806:877 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 14 40 theme healthy 2401:2407 arg1 subjects 2409:2416 healthy subjects 2401:2416 healthy subjects 2401:2416 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 1 41 dep worldwide 96:104 arg1 form 128:131 the sixth most lethal form 106:131 the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women 106:160 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 7 42 theme sialylation 1100:1110 arg1 motives 1123:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 5 43 from profiles 725:732 arg1 patients 775:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 0 44 theme ovarian 36:42 arg1 patients 51:58 epithelial ovarian cancer patients 25:58 epithelial ovarian cancer patients 25:58 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. 28188862 10 45 contain containing 1468:1477 arg1 fluid 1462:1466 a generally voluminous fluid 1439:1466 a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer 1439:1524 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 10 45 contain containing 1468:1477 arg2 cells 1479:1483 cells 1479:1483 cells 1479:1483 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 3 46 theme cell 325:328 arg1 microenvironment 330:345 tumor cell microenvironment 319:345 tumor cell microenvironment 319:345 Although its effect on tumor cell microenvironment remains poorly understood, its presence is correlated with bad diagnosis. 28188862 7 47 theme branching 1089:1097 arg1 motives 1123:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 10 48 theme patients 1413:1420 arg1 patients 1413:1420 ovarian cancer patients 1398:1420 ovarian cancer patients 1398:1420 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 10 48 theme patients 1413:1420 arg1 one-third 1385:1393 one-third 1385:1393 one-third 1385:1393 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 7 49 theme antennarity 1076:1086 arg1 motives 1123:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 9 50 theme Malignant 1264:1272 arg1 fluid 1282:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 9 50 theme Malignant 1264:1272 arg1 build-up 1295:1302 the build-up 1291:1302 the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1291:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 4 51 theme EOC 506:508 arg1 diagnosis 493:501 the diagnosis 489:501 the diagnosis of EOC 489:508 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 10 52 theme ovarian 1398:1404 arg1 patients 1413:1420 ovarian cancer patients 1398:1420 ovarian cancer patients 1398:1420 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 0 53 theme epithelial 25:34 arg1 patients 51:58 epithelial ovarian cancer patients 25:58 epithelial ovarian cancer patients 25:58 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. 28188862 6 54 theme serum 942:946 arg1 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 54 theme serum 942:946 arg1 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 54 theme serum 942:946 arg1 amount 920:925 equivalent amount 909:925 equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls 909:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 4 55 theme glycan-based 462:473 arg1 biomarker 475:483 a novel glycan-based biomarker 454:483 a novel glycan-based biomarker 454:483 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 13 56 from patients 2026:2033 arg1 ascites 2010:2016 ascites 2010:2016 ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 2010:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 56 from patients 2026:2033 arg1 profile 1999:2005 the N-glycosylation profile 1979:2005 the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 1979:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 5 57 theme N-glycome 715:723 arg1 profiles 725:732 the N-glycome profiles 711:732 the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients 711:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 13 58 theme ovarian 2061:2067 arg1 EOC 2077:2079 EOC 2077:2079 EOC 2077:2079 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 58 theme ovarian 2061:2067 arg1 cancer 2069:2074 epithelial ovarian cancer 2050:2074 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 2050:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 14 59 theme patients 2362:2369 arg1 ascites 2347:2353 the ascites 2343:2353 the ascites of EOC patients 2343:2369 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 8 60 dep ascites 1209:1215 arg1 ascites 1209:1215 ascites volume and degree 1209:1233 ascites volume and degree of sialylation 1209:1248 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation. 28188862 8 60 dep ascites 1209:1215 arg1 degree 1228:1233 degree 1228:1233 degree 1228:1233 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation. 28188862 8 60 dep ascites 1209:1215 arg1 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 volume 1217:1222 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation. 28188862 16 61 gly sialylated 2747:2756 arg1 structures 2758:2767 sialylated structures 2747:2767 sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2747:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 9 62 theme volumes 1313:1319 arg1 fluid 1282:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 9 62 theme volumes 1313:1319 arg1 build-up 1295:1302 the build-up 1291:1302 the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1291:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 6 63 theme age-matched 990:1000 arg1 controls 1002:1009 20 age-matched controls 987:1009 20 age-matched controls 987:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 10 64 theme voluminous 1451:1460 arg1 fluid 1462:1466 a generally voluminous fluid 1439:1466 a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer 1439:1524 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 16 65 theme sialylated 2747:2756 arg1 structures 2758:2767 sialylated structures 2747:2767 sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2747:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 9 66 theme fluid 1324:1328 arg1 volumes 1313:1319 large volumes 1307:1319 large volumes of fluid 1307:1328 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 10 67 theme origin 1494:1499 arg1 cells 1479:1483 cells 1479:1483 cells 1479:1483 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 6 68 from patients 960:967 arg1 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 68 from patients 960:967 arg1 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 68 from patients 960:967 arg1 amount 920:925 equivalent amount 909:925 equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls 909:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 12 69 theme cancer 1921:1926 arg1 patients 1928:1935 cancer patients 1921:1935 cancer patients 1921:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 12 70 dep many 1736:1739 arg1 attempts 1741:1748 attempts 1741:1748 attempts 1741:1748 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 16 71 theme low-volume 2778:2787 arg1 ascites 2789:2795 the low-volume ascites 2774:2795 the low-volume ascites 2774:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 2 72 theme diagnosis 231:239 arg1 time 223:226 the time 219:226 the time of diagnosis 219:239 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 0 73 theme cancer 44:49 arg1 patients 51:58 epithelial ovarian cancer patients 25:58 epithelial ovarian cancer patients 25:58 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. 28188862 16 74 contain contains 2719:2726 arg2 amount 2737:2742 a higher amount 2728:2742 a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2728:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 16 74 contain contains 2719:2726 arg1 ascites 2711:2717 the high-volume ascites 2695:2717 the high-volume ascites 2695:2717 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 16 74 contain contains 2719:2726 arg2 structures 2758:2767 sialylated structures 2747:2767 sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites 2747:2795 In addition, a correlation was established between ascites volume and degree of sialylation, showing that the high-volume ascites contains a higher amount of sialylated structures than the low-volume ascites. 28188862 4 75 theme disease 584:590 arg1 stage 571:575 any stage 567:575 any stage of the disease 567:590 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 12 76 theme molecular 1776:1784 arg1 insight 1786:1792 molecular insight 1776:1792 molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites 1776:1855 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 11 77 theme inflammatory 1679:1690 arg1 cells 1692:1696 inflammatory cells 1679:1696 inflammatory cells 1679:1696 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 15 78 theme inflammatory 2468:2479 arg1 conditions 2481:2490 inflammatory conditions 2468:2490 inflammatory conditions 2468:2490 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 12 79 theme ascites 1849:1855 arg1 content 1828:1834 the proteomic and peptidomic content 1799:1834 the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites 1799:1855 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 5 80 theme serous 764:769 arg1 patients 775:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 primary serous EOC patients 756:782 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 12 81 theme proteomic 1803:1811 arg1 content 1828:1834 the proteomic and peptidomic content 1799:1834 the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites 1799:1855 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 10 82 theme cancer 1519:1524 arg1 course 1509:1514 the course 1505:1514 the course of cancer 1505:1524 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 3 83 from effect 309:314 arg1 microenvironment 330:345 tumor cell microenvironment 319:345 tumor cell microenvironment 319:345 Although its effect on tumor cell microenvironment remains poorly understood, its presence is correlated with bad diagnosis. 28188862 2 84 theme ovarian 186:192 arg1 patients 194:201 ovarian patients 186:201 ovarian patients 186:201 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 12 85 theme peptidomic 1817:1826 arg1 content 1828:1834 the proteomic and peptidomic content 1799:1834 the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites 1799:1855 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 4 86 theme benign 645:650 arg1 tumors 660:665 malignant and benign ovarian tumors 631:665 malignant and benign ovarian tumors 631:665 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 12 87 from patients 1928:1935 arg1 fraction 1907:1914 the ascitic fluid fraction 1889:1914 the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients 1889:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 12 87 from patients 1928:1935 arg1 N-glycome 1876:1884 the N-glycome 1872:1884 the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients 1872:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 1 88 theme sixth 110:114 arg1 form 128:131 the sixth most lethal form 106:131 the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women 106:160 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 13 89 theme healthy 2268:2274 arg1 individuals 2276:2286 healthy individuals 2268:2286 healthy individuals 2268:2286 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 90 from pattern 2246:2252 arg1 individuals 2276:2286 healthy individuals 2268:2286 healthy individuals 2268:2286 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 15 91 theme patients 2529:2536 arg1 serum 2520:2524 the serum 2516:2524 the serum of patients suffering from EOC 2516:2555 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 1 92 theme lethal 121:126 arg1 form 128:131 the sixth most lethal form 106:131 the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women 106:160 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 12 93 theme fluid 1901:1905 arg1 fraction 1907:1914 the ascitic fluid fraction 1889:1914 the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients 1889:1935 Although many attempts have been made to provide molecular insight into the proteomic and peptidomic content of malignant ascites, no data about the N-glycome of the ascitic fluid fraction from cancer patients has been reported to date. 28188862 5 94 theme serum 810:814 arg1 N-glycomes 816:825 the serum N-glycomes 806:825 the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls 806:877 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 6 95 theme equivalent 909:918 arg1 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 serum 942:946 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 95 theme equivalent 909:918 arg1 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 ascites 930:936 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 95 theme equivalent 909:918 arg1 amount 920:925 equivalent amount 909:925 equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls 909:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 4 96 theme novel 456:460 arg1 biomarker 475:483 a novel glycan-based biomarker 454:483 a novel glycan-based biomarker 454:483 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 6 97 from amount 920:925 arg1 patients 960:967 18 EOC patients 953:967 18 EOC patients 953:967 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 6 97 from amount 920:925 arg1 serum 978:982 serum 978:982 serum of 20 age-matched controls 978:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 4 98 theme malignant 631:639 arg1 tumors 660:665 malignant and benign ovarian tumors 631:665 malignant and benign ovarian tumors 631:665 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 13 99 theme same 2214:2217 arg1 patients 2219:2226 the same patients 2210:2226 the same patients 2210:2226 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 5 100 theme healthy 862:868 arg1 controls 870:877 healthy controls 862:877 healthy controls 862:877 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 14 101 theme subjects 2409:2416 arg1 serum 2392:2396 the serum 2388:2396 the serum of healthy subjects 2388:2416 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 4 102 theme previous 424:431 arg1 studies 433:439 previous studies 424:439 previous studies 424:439 In previous studies, we proposed a novel glycan-based biomarker for the diagnosis of EOC, which showed an improved sensitivity and specificity at any stage of the disease and an improved discrimination between malignant and benign ovarian tumors. 28188862 1 103 theme Epithelial 61:70 arg1 EOC 88:90 EOC 88:90 EOC 88:90 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 1 103 theme Epithelial 61:70 arg1 cancer 80:85 Epithelial ovarian cancer 61:85 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 61:91 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 14 104 located observed 2331:2338 arg1 ascites 2347:2353 the ascites 2343:2353 the ascites of EOC patients 2343:2369 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 14 104 located observed 2331:2338 arg2 differences 2314:2324 Significant quantitative differences 2289:2324 Significant quantitative differences 2289:2324 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 13 105 theme MALDI-TOF-mass 2098:2111 arg1 spectrometry 2113:2124 MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry 2098:2124 MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry 2098:2124 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 11 106 theme high 1645:1648 arg1 proteins 1660:1667 proteins 1660:1667 proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells 1660:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 11 106 theme high 1645:1648 arg1 amount 1650:1655 high amount 1645:1655 high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells 1645:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 13 107 theme modified 2161:2168 arg1 pattern 2179:2185 the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern 2142:2185 the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients 2142:2226 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 1 108 theme ovarian 72:78 arg1 EOC 88:90 EOC 88:90 EOC 88:90 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 1 108 theme ovarian 72:78 arg1 cancer 80:85 Epithelial ovarian cancer 61:85 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 61:91 Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is worldwide the sixth most lethal form of cancer occurring in women. 28188862 5 109 theme same 834:837 arg1 patients 839:846 the same patients 830:846 the same patients 830:846 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 0 110 theme ascites 4:10 arg1 N-glycome 12:20 The ascites N-glycome 0:20 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients 0:58 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. 28188862 7 111 theme increased 1066:1074 arg1 motives 1123:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives 1066:1129 Ascites N-glycome showed increased antennarity, branching, sialylation and LewisX motives compared to healthy serum. 28188862 9 112 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1251:1262 arg1 fluid 1282:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 9 112 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1251:1262 arg1 build-up 1295:1302 the build-up 1291:1302 the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1291:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 13 113 theme serum 2257:2261 arg1 pattern 2246:2252 the pattern 2242:2252 the pattern of serum from healthy individuals 2242:2286 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 6 114 theme EOC 956:958 arg1 patients 960:967 18 EOC patients 953:967 18 EOC patients 953:967 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 3 115 theme tumor 319:323 arg1 microenvironment 330:345 tumor cell microenvironment 319:345 tumor cell microenvironment 319:345 Although its effect on tumor cell microenvironment remains poorly understood, its presence is correlated with bad diagnosis. 28188862 10 116 theme cancer 1406:1411 arg1 patients 1413:1420 ovarian cancer patients 1398:1420 ovarian cancer patients 1398:1420 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 5 117 theme first 700:704 arg1 time 706:709 the first time 696:709 the first time 696:709 In this work, we report for the first time the N-glycome profiles of ascitic fluid from primary serous EOC patients and compare them with the serum N-glycomes of the same patients as well as of healthy controls. 28188862 9 118 theme ascitic 1274:1280 arg1 fluid 1282:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid 1251:1286 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 9 118 theme ascitic 1274:1280 arg1 build-up 1295:1302 the build-up 1291:1302 the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer 1291:1373 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 13 119 theme N-glycan 2170:2177 arg1 pattern 2179:2185 the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern 2142:2185 the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients 2142:2226 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 120 from profile 1999:2005 arg1 patients 2026:2033 20 patients 2023:2033 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 2023:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 11 121 theme ascites 1581:1587 arg1 proteome 1569:1576 The proteome 1565:1576 The proteome of ascites 1565:1587 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 14 122 theme Significant 2289:2299 arg1 differences 2314:2324 Significant quantitative differences 2289:2324 Significant quantitative differences 2289:2324 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 3 123 theme bad 406:408 arg1 diagnosis 410:418 bad diagnosis 406:418 bad diagnosis 406:418 Although its effect on tumor cell microenvironment remains poorly understood, its presence is correlated with bad diagnosis. 28188862 0 124 theme patients 51:58 arg1 N-glycome 12:20 The ascites N-glycome 0:20 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients 0:58 The ascites N-glycome of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. 28188862 13 125 theme epithelial 2050:2059 arg1 EOC 2077:2079 EOC 2077:2079 EOC 2077:2079 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 13 125 theme epithelial 2050:2059 arg1 cancer 2069:2074 epithelial ovarian cancer 2050:2074 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 2050:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 15 126 located found 2507:2511 arg2 features 2456:2463 typical features 2448:2463 typical features 2448:2463 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 15 126 located found 2507:2511 arg1 serum 2520:2524 the serum 2516:2524 the serum of patients suffering from EOC 2516:2555 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 15 127 theme ascites 2434:2440 arg1 glycome 2423:2429 The glycome 2419:2429 The glycome of ascites 2419:2440 The glycome of ascites shows typical features of inflammatory conditions, what was also found in the serum of patients suffering from EOC when compared to healthy serum. 28188862 2 128 contain have 264:267 arg2 it 269:270 it 269:270 it 269:270 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 2 128 contain have 264:267 arg1 them 259:262 them 259:262 them 259:262 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 2 128 contain have 264:267 arg1 all 252:254 all 252:254 all 252:254 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 10 129 from cells 1479:1483 arg1 course 1509:1514 the course 1505:1514 the course of cancer 1505:1524 At least one-third of ovarian cancer patients develop ascites, a generally voluminous fluid containing cells of tumor origin, in the course of cancer and almost all when recurrence occurs. 28188862 2 130 theme patients 194:201 arg1 third 177:181 third 177:181 third 177:181 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 13 131 gly N-glycosylation 1983:1997 arg1 ascites 2010:2016 ascites 2010:2016 ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) 2010:2080 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 11 132 theme tumor 1714:1718 arg1 cells 1720:1724 tumor cells 1714:1724 tumor cells 1714:1724 The proteome of ascites is known to be as complex as that of serum and contains high amount of proteins shed from inflammatory cells as well as from tumor cells. 28188862 9 133 theme large 1307:1311 arg1 volumes 1313:1319 large volumes 1307:1319 large volumes of fluid 1307:1328 SIGNIFICANCE Malignant ascitic fluid is the build-up of large volumes of fluid in the peritoneal cavity secondary to cancer. 28188862 14 134 theme EOC 2358:2360 arg1 patients 2362:2369 EOC patients 2358:2369 EOC patients 2358:2369 Significant quantitative differences were observed in the ascites of EOC patients when compared to the serum of healthy subjects. 28188862 13 135 theme patients 2219:2226 arg1 serum 2201:2205 serum 2201:2205 serum of the same patients 2201:2226 In this study, the N-glycosylation profile of ascites from 20 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry and compared to the pathologically modified N-glycan pattern obtained from serum of the same patients as well as to the pattern of serum from healthy individuals. 28188862 6 136 theme controls 1002:1009 arg1 serum 978:982 serum 978:982 serum of 20 age-matched controls 978:1009 N-Glycans were digested from equivalent amount of ascites and serum from 18 EOC patients and from serum of 20 age-matched controls and measured by MALDI-TOF-MS. 28188862 2 137 contain have 203:206 arg2 ascites 208:214 ascites 208:214 ascites 208:214 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 28188862 2 137 contain have 203:206 arg1 third 177:181 third 177:181 third 177:181 More than one third of ovarian patients have ascites at the time of diagnosis and almost all of them have it when recurrence occurs. 26968461 7 0 theme future 1997:2002 arg1 discovery 2009:2017 future drug discovery 1997:2017 future drug discovery 1997:2017 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 2 1 theme glycosphingolipids 613:630 arg1 parts 574:578 the glycan parts 563:578 the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 563:637 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 7 2 theme human 1730:1734 arg1 samples 1748:1754 the human post-mortem samples 1726:1754 the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1726:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 5 3 theme patient 1346:1352 arg1 brain 1354:1358 the AD patient brain and serum samples 1339:1376 brain 1354:1358 In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. 26968461 7 4 theme diseases 1984:1991 arg1 pathogenesis 1950:1961 the pathogenesis 1946:1961 the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery 1946:2017 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 8 5 theme sensitive 2294:2302 arg1 biomarkers 2323:2332 highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers 2287:2332 highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers 2287:2332 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 8 6 theme serum 2141:2145 arg1 cohort 2157:2162 large-scale serum glycomics cohort 2129:2162 large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera 2129:2244 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 2 7 theme cerebrospinal 798:810 arg1 fluid 812:816 cerebrospinal fluid 798:816 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 798:822 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 7 theme cerebrospinal 798:810 arg1 tissues 690:696 brain tissues 684:696 brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains) 684:785 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 7 theme cerebrospinal 798:810 arg1 CSF 819:821 CSF 819:821 CSF 819:821 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 8 8 theme reliable 2308:2315 arg1 biomarkers 2323:2332 highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers 2287:2332 highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers 2287:2332 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 7 9 theme glycans 1705:1711 arg1 levels 1691:1696 the expression levels 1676:1696 the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1676:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 6 10 theme expression 1453:1462 arg1 CSF 1533:1535 CSF 1533:1535 CSF 1533:1535 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 6 10 theme expression 1453:1462 arg1 levels 1464:1469 the expression levels 1449:1469 the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues 1449:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 6 10 theme expression 1453:1462 arg1 serum 1523:1527 serum 1523:1527 serum 1523:1527 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 1 11 theme BACKGROUND 175:184 arg1 Understanding 186:198 BACKGROUND Understanding 175:198 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) 175:281 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 8 12 theme biomarkers 2323:2332 arg1 research 2275:2282 the discovery research 2261:2282 the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD 2261:2361 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 3 13 attach released 880:887 arg1 glycoproteins 894:906 glycoproteins 894:906 glycoproteins 894:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 13 attach released 880:887 arg2 N-glycans 870:878 the major N-glycans 860:878 the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins 860:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 2 14 theme glycan 567:572 arg1 parts 574:578 the glycan parts 563:578 the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 563:637 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 3 15 theme brain 999:1003 arg1 tissues 1005:1011 the brain tissues 995:1011 the brain tissues of the AD patients 995:1030 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 7 16 from changes 1665:1671 arg1 levels 1691:1696 the expression levels 1676:1696 the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1676:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 2 17 theme temporal 769:776 arg1 domains 778:784 temporal domains 769:784 temporal domains 769:784 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 0 18 theme serum 106:110 arg1 profiling 60:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling 32:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery 32:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 6 19 theme CONCLUSION 1424:1433 arg1 Alteration 1435:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration 1424:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients 1424:1550 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 1 20 theme significance 207:218 arg1 Understanding 186:198 BACKGROUND Understanding 175:198 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) 175:281 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 8 21 theme human 2193:2197 arg1 patients 2202:2209 human AD patients 2193:2209 human AD patients 2193:2209 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 7 22 attach derived 1713:1719 arg2 glycans 1705:1711 the glycans 1701:1711 the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1701:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 7 22 attach derived 1713:1719 arg1 samples 1748:1754 the human post-mortem samples 1726:1754 the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1726:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 0 23 theme cerebrospinal 116:128 arg1 fluid 130:134 cerebrospinal fluid 116:134 cerebrospinal fluid 116:134 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 1 24 theme posttranslational 223:239 arg1 glycosylation 241:253 posttranslational glycosylation 223:253 posttranslational glycosylation 223:253 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 8 25 theme AD 2360:2361 arg1 diagnosis 2347:2355 an early diagnosis 2338:2355 an early diagnosis of AD 2338:2361 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 8 26 theme patients 2202:2209 arg1 sera 2241:2244 the normal control sera 2222:2244 the normal control sera 2222:2244 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 8 26 theme patients 2202:2209 arg1 various-types 2176:2188 various-types 2176:2188 various-types of human AD patients 2176:2209 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 4 27 theme protein 1127:1133 arg1 glycoforms 1187:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 4 27 theme protein 1127:1133 arg1 N-glycans 1135:1143 the serum and CSF protein N-glycans 1109:1143 N-glycans 1135:1143 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 1 28 theme serum 410:414 arg1 biomarkers 416:425 the disease-specific serum biomarkers 389:425 the disease-specific serum biomarkers 389:425 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 6 29 theme human 1502:1506 arg1 tissues 1514:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 3 30 gly glycoproteins 894:906 arg1 glycoproteins 894:906 glycoproteins 894:906 glycoproteins 894:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 0 31 theme biomarker 154:162 arg1 discovery 164:172 potential biomarker discovery 144:172 potential biomarker discovery 144:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 9 32 theme Issue 2398:2402 arg1 part 2380:2383 part 2380:2383 part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc 2380:2482 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26968461 6 33 theme GSL-glycans 1487:1497 arg1 CSF 1533:1535 CSF 1533:1535 CSF 1533:1535 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 6 33 theme GSL-glycans 1487:1497 arg1 levels 1464:1469 the expression levels 1449:1469 the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues 1449:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 6 33 theme GSL-glycans 1487:1497 arg1 serum 1523:1527 serum 1523:1527 serum 1523:1527 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 2 34 dep tissues 690:696 arg1 dissected 699:707 dissected 699:707 dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains 699:784 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 6 35 theme N- 1480:1481 arg1 CSF 1533:1535 CSF 1533:1535 CSF 1533:1535 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 6 35 theme N- 1480:1481 arg1 levels 1464:1469 the expression levels 1449:1469 the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues 1449:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 6 35 theme N- 1480:1481 arg1 serum 1523:1527 serum 1523:1527 serum 1523:1527 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 8 36 theme serum 2317:2321 arg1 biomarkers 2323:2332 highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers 2287:2332 highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers 2287:2332 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 0 37 theme human 73:77 arg1 brain 99:103 human Alzheimer's disease brain 73:103 human Alzheimer's disease brain 73:103 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 3 38 theme structural 837:846 arg1 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 38 theme structural 837:846 arg1 profiles 848:855 The structural profiles 833:855 The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins 833:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 7 39 from biomarkers 1832:1841 arg1 disorders 1869:1877 central nervous system disorders 1846:1877 central nervous system disorders 1846:1877 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 2 40 theme quantitative 537:548 arg1 profiling 550:558 quantitative profiling 537:558 quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 537:637 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 5 41 theme control 1408:1414 arg1 groups 1416:1421 the normal control groups 1397:1421 the normal control groups 1397:1421 In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. 26968461 3 42 theme AD 1020:1021 arg1 patients 1023:1030 the AD patients 1016:1030 the AD patients 1016:1030 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 6 43 theme AD 1540:1541 arg1 patients 1543:1550 AD patients 1540:1550 AD patients 1540:1550 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 2 44 theme human 645:649 arg1 tissues 690:696 brain tissues 684:696 brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains) 684:785 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 44 theme human 645:649 arg1 samples 668:674 human AD's post-mortem samples 645:674 human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 645:822 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 0 45 theme brain 99:103 arg1 profiling 60:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling 32:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery 32:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 7 46 theme serum 1826:1830 arg1 biomarkers 1832:1841 potential serum biomarkers 1816:1841 potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders 1816:1877 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 3 47 theme normal 1049:1054 arg1 group 1064:1068 the normal control group 1045:1068 the normal control group 1045:1068 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 6 48 from levels 1464:1469 arg1 tissues 1514:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 2 49 dep frontal 735:741 arg1 occipital 754:762 occipital 754:762 occipital 754:762 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 49 dep frontal 735:741 arg1 parietal 744:751 parietal 744:751 parietal 744:751 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 50 theme standard 450:457 arg1 protocol 459:466 a standard protocol 448:466 a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 448:822 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 6 51 theme standard 1620:1627 arg1 protocols 1629:1637 the glycoblotting-based standard protocols 1596:1637 the glycoblotting-based standard protocols 1596:1637 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 0 52 theme Glycoblotting 0:12 arg1 method 14:19 Glycoblotting method 0:19 Glycoblotting method 0:19 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 7 53 theme system 1862:1867 arg1 disorders 1869:1877 central nervous system disorders 1846:1877 central nervous system disorders 1846:1877 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 4 54 theme bisect-type 1153:1163 arg1 glycoforms 1187:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 7 55 theme central 1846:1852 arg1 system 1862:1867 central nervous system 1846:1867 central nervous system disorders 1846:1877 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 8 56 theme control 2233:2239 arg1 sera 2241:2244 the normal control sera 2222:2244 the normal control sera 2222:2244 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 6 57 from Alteration 1435:1444 arg1 tissues 1514:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 8 58 theme present 2042:2048 arg1 trials 2062:2067 the present preliminary trials 2038:2067 the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients 2038:2114 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 4 59 theme patient 1233:1239 arg1 group 1241:1245 AD patient group 1230:1245 AD patient group 1230:1245 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 0 60 theme rapid 32:36 arg1 profiling 60:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling 32:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery 32:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 2 61 dep METHODS 428:434 arg1 designed 439:446 designed 439:446 designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 439:822 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 0 62 theme efficient 42:50 arg1 profiling 60:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling 32:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery 32:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 9 63 from Glycans 2414:2420 arg1 medicine 2438:2445 personalised medicine 2425:2445 personalised medicine" Guest Editor 2425:2459 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26968461 7 64 theme potential 1816:1824 arg1 biomarkers 1832:1841 potential serum biomarkers 1816:1841 potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders 1816:1877 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 3 65 theme expression 922:931 arg1 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 65 theme expression 922:931 arg1 levels 933:938 the total expression levels 912:938 the total expression levels of the glycans 912:953 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 8 66 theme human 2075:2079 arg1 samples 2093:2099 human post-mortem samples 2075:2099 human post-mortem samples of AD patients 2075:2114 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 1 67 theme glycosylation 241:253 arg1 significance 207:218 the significance 203:218 the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) 203:281 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 2 68 dep MALDI-TOFMS 504:514 arg1 perform 519:525 perform 519:525 to perform rapid 516:531 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 7 69 theme post-mortem 1736:1746 arg1 samples 1748:1754 the human post-mortem samples 1726:1754 the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1726:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 3 70 theme glycans 947:953 arg1 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 70 theme glycans 947:953 arg1 profiles 848:855 The structural profiles 833:855 The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins 833:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 70 theme glycans 947:953 arg1 levels 933:938 the total expression levels 912:938 the total expression levels of the glycans 912:953 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 8 71 theme AD 2104:2105 arg1 patients 2107:2114 AD patients 2104:2114 AD patients 2104:2114 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 7 72 theme drug 2004:2007 arg1 discovery 2009:2017 future drug discovery 1997:2017 future drug discovery 1997:2017 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 7 73 from mechanisms 1932:1941 arg1 pathogenesis 1950:1961 the pathogenesis 1946:1961 the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery 1946:2017 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 8 74 theme large-scale 2129:2139 arg1 cohort 2157:2162 large-scale serum glycomics cohort 2129:2162 large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera 2129:2244 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 5 75 theme serum 1364:1368 arg1 samples 1370:1376 the AD patient brain and serum samples 1339:1376 samples 1370:1376 In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. 26968461 6 76 theme levels 1464:1469 arg1 Alteration 1435:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration 1424:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients 1424:1550 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 7 77 theme neurodegenerative 1966:1982 arg1 diseases 1984:1991 neurodegenerative diseases 1966:1991 neurodegenerative diseases 1966:1991 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 8 78 theme glycomics 2147:2155 arg1 cohort 2157:2162 large-scale serum glycomics cohort 2129:2162 large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera 2129:2244 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 4 79 theme expression 1088:1097 arg1 levels 1099:1104 the expression levels 1084:1104 the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1084:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 8 80 theme early 2341:2345 arg1 diagnosis 2347:2355 an early diagnosis 2338:2355 an early diagnosis of AD 2338:2361 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 9 81 dep Glycans 2414:2420 arg1 Lauc 2479:2482 Lauc 2479:2482 Lauc 2479:2482 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26968461 5 82 theme AD 1343:1344 arg1 brain 1354:1358 the AD patient brain and serum samples 1339:1376 brain 1354:1358 In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. 26968461 4 83 theme branched 1178:1185 arg1 glycoforms 1187:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 6 84 theme glycoblotting-based 1600:1618 arg1 protocols 1629:1637 the glycoblotting-based standard protocols 1596:1637 the glycoblotting-based standard protocols 1596:1637 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 0 85 theme fluid 130:134 arg1 profiling 60:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling 32:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery 32:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 7 86 theme molecular 1922:1930 arg1 mechanisms 1932:1941 the molecular mechanisms 1918:1941 the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery 1918:2017 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 2 87 theme cerebral 709:716 arg1 domains 778:784 temporal domains 769:784 temporal domains 769:784 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 87 theme cerebral 709:716 arg1 cortices 718:725 cerebral cortices 709:725 cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains 709:784 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 87 theme cerebral 709:716 arg1 frontal 735:741 frontal 735:741 frontal 735:741 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 0 88 theme potential 144:152 arg1 discovery 164:172 potential biomarker discovery 144:172 potential biomarker discovery 144:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 1 89 theme disease-specific 393:408 arg1 biomarkers 416:425 the disease-specific serum biomarkers 389:425 the disease-specific serum biomarkers 389:425 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 6 90 theme brain 1508:1512 arg1 tissues 1514:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 human brain tissues 1502:1520 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 2 91 gly glycoproteins 583:595 arg1 N-glycans 598:606 N-glycans 598:606 N-glycans 598:606 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 91 gly glycoproteins 583:595 arg1 glycoproteins 583:595 glycoproteins 583:595 glycoproteins (N-glycans) 583:607 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 92 theme glycoproteins 583:595 arg1 parts 574:578 the glycan parts 563:578 the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 563:637 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 8 93 theme AD 2199:2200 arg1 patients 2202:2209 human AD patients 2193:2209 human AD patients 2193:2209 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 4 94 theme N-glycans 1135:1143 arg1 levels 1099:1104 the expression levels 1084:1104 the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1084:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 7 95 theme expression 1680:1689 arg1 levels 1691:1696 the expression levels 1676:1696 the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1676:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 1 96 theme biomarkers 416:425 arg1 importance 297:306 importance 297:306 importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers 297:425 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 9 97 theme Special 2390:2396 arg1 Issue 2398:2402 a Special Issue 2388:2402 a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc 2388:2482 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26968461 6 98 from tissues 1514:1520 arg1 Alteration 1435:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration 1424:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients 1424:1550 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 2 99 theme parts 574:578 arg1 MALDI-TOFMS 504:514 MALDI-TOFMS 504:514 MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid 504:531 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 99 theme parts 574:578 arg1 profiling 550:558 quantitative profiling 537:558 quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) 537:637 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 4 100 theme serum 1113:1117 arg1 levels 1099:1104 the expression levels 1084:1104 the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1084:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 1 101 theme pathogenesis 337:348 arg1 research 377:384 discovery research 367:384 discovery research 367:384 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 1 101 theme pathogenesis 337:348 arg1 investigation 316:328 the investigation 312:328 the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD 312:354 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 3 102 theme patients 1023:1030 arg1 tissues 1005:1011 the brain tissues 995:1011 the brain tissues of the AD patients 995:1030 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 6 103 theme major 1474:1478 arg1 N- 1480:1481 major N- 1474:1481 major N- 1474:1481 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 7 104 theme GENERAL 1640:1646 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1648:1659 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1640:1659 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1640:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 5 105 theme normal 1401:1406 arg1 groups 1416:1421 the normal control groups 1397:1421 the normal control groups 1397:1421 In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. 26968461 2 106 theme post-mortem 656:666 arg1 tissues 690:696 brain tissues 684:696 brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains) 684:785 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 106 theme post-mortem 656:666 arg1 samples 668:674 human AD's post-mortem samples 645:674 human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 645:822 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 0 107 theme disease 91:97 arg1 brain 99:103 human Alzheimer's disease brain 73:103 human Alzheimer's disease brain 73:103 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 1 108 theme AD 353:354 arg1 pathogenesis 337:348 the pathogenesis 333:348 the pathogenesis of AD 333:354 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 9 109 theme personalised 2425:2436 arg1 medicine 2438:2445 personalised medicine 2425:2445 personalised medicine" Guest Editor 2425:2459 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26968461 6 110 theme patients 1543:1550 arg1 Alteration 1435:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration 1424:1444 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients 1424:1550 CONCLUSION Alteration of the expression levels of major N- and GSL-glycans in human brain tissues, serum and CSF of AD patients can be monitored quantitatively by means of the glycoblotting-based standard protocols. 26968461 2 111 theme brain 684:688 arg1 serum 788:792 serum 788:792 serum 788:792 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 111 theme brain 684:688 arg1 fluid 812:816 cerebrospinal fluid 798:816 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 798:822 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 2 111 theme brain 684:688 arg1 tissues 690:696 brain tissues 684:696 brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains) 684:785 METHODS We designed a standard protocol for the glycoblotting combined with MALDI-TOFMS to perform rapid and quantitative profiling of the glycan parts of glycoproteins (N-glycans) and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) using human AD's post-mortem samples such as brain tissues (dissected cerebral cortices such as frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal domains), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 26968461 5 112 theme gangliosides 1280:1291 arg1 levels 1265:1270 the levels 1261:1270 the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 1261:1316 In addition, the levels of some gangliosides such as GM1, GM2 and GM3 appeared to alter in the AD patient brain and serum samples when compared with the normal control groups. 26968461 1 113 theme discovery 367:375 arg1 research 377:384 discovery research 367:384 discovery research 367:384 BACKGROUND Understanding of the significance of posttranslational glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of growing importance for the investigation of the pathogenesis of AD as well as discovery research of the disease-specific serum biomarkers. 26968461 7 114 theme nervous 1854:1860 arg1 system 1862:1867 central nervous system 1846:1867 central nervous system disorders 1846:1877 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 3 115 theme N-glycans 870:878 arg1 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 115 theme N-glycans 870:878 arg1 profiles 848:855 The structural profiles 833:855 The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins 833:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 115 theme N-glycans 870:878 arg1 levels 933:938 the total expression levels 912:938 the total expression levels of the glycans 912:953 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 116 dep RESULTS 825:831 arg1 found 960:964 found 960:964 were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group 955:1068 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 117 theme total 916:920 arg1 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 similar 979:985 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 3 117 theme total 916:920 arg1 levels 933:938 the total expression levels 912:938 the total expression levels of the glycans 912:953 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 8 118 theme preliminary 2050:2060 arg1 trials 2062:2067 the present preliminary trials 2038:2067 the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients 2038:2114 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 3 119 theme control 1056:1062 arg1 group 1064:1068 the normal control group 1045:1068 the normal control group 1045:1068 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 8 120 theme normal 2226:2231 arg1 sera 2241:2244 the normal control sera 2222:2244 the normal control sera 2222:2244 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 0 121 theme glycome 52:58 arg1 profiling 60:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling 32:68 rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery 32:172 Glycoblotting method allows for rapid and efficient glycome profiling of human Alzheimer's disease brain, serum and cerebrospinal fluid towards potential biomarker discovery. 26968461 7 122 theme standardized 1773:1784 arg1 method 1800:1805 the standardized glycoblotting method 1769:1805 the standardized glycoblotting method 1769:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 8 123 theme post-mortem 2081:2091 arg1 samples 2093:2099 human post-mortem samples 2075:2099 human post-mortem samples of AD patients 2075:2114 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 9 124 theme Guest 2448:2452 arg1 Editor 2454:2459 Guest Editor 2448:2459 Guest Editor 2448:2459 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26968461 7 125 theme glycoblotting 1786:1798 arg1 method 1800:1805 the standardized glycoblotting method 1769:1805 the standardized glycoblotting method 1769:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 4 126 theme AD 1230:1231 arg1 group 1241:1245 AD patient group 1230:1245 AD patient group 1230:1245 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 4 127 theme CSF 1123:1125 arg1 glycoforms 1187:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms 1153:1196 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 4 127 theme CSF 1123:1125 arg1 N-glycans 1135:1143 the serum and CSF protein N-glycans 1109:1143 N-glycans 1135:1143 In contrast, the expression levels of the serum and CSF protein N-glycans such as bisect-type and multiply branched glycoforms were increased significantly in AD patient group. 26968461 3 128 theme major 864:868 arg1 N-glycans 870:878 the major N-glycans 860:878 the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins 860:906 RESULTS The structural profiles of the major N-glycans released from glycoproteins and the total expression levels of the glycans were found to be mostly similar between the brain tissues of the AD patients and those of the normal control group. 26968461 7 129 theme discovery 2009:2017 arg1 pathogenesis 1950:1961 the pathogenesis 1946:1961 the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery 1946:2017 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 26968461 8 130 theme discovery 2265:2273 arg1 research 2275:2282 the discovery research 2261:2282 the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD 2261:2361 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 8 131 theme patients 2107:2114 arg1 samples 2093:2099 human post-mortem samples 2075:2099 human post-mortem samples of AD patients 2075:2114 Most importantly, the present preliminary trials using human post-mortem samples of AD patients suggest that large-scale serum glycomics cohort by means of various-types of human AD patients as well as the normal control sera can facilitate the discovery research of highly sensitive and reliable serum biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD. 26968461 7 132 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1648:1659 arg1 changes 1665:1671 The changes 1661:1671 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method 1640:1805 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The changes in the expression levels of the glycans derived from the human post-mortem samples uncovered by the standardized glycoblotting method provides potential serum biomarkers in central nervous system disorders and can contribute to the insight into the molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and future drug discovery. 29046357 2 0 theme sialic 323:328 arg1 acid 330:333 sialic acid 323:333 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 2 0 theme sialic 323:328 arg1 SA 336:337 SA 336:337 SA 336:337 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 7 1 theme GlcNAc-type 1060:1070 arg1 " 1071:1071 "GlcNAc-type" 1059:1071 "GlcNAc-type" 1059:1071 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 3 2 theme sugar 493:497 arg1 antigen 501:507 the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen 469:507 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 2 theme sugar 493:497 arg1 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 7 3 contain have 1112:1115 arg2 affinity 1123:1130 lower affinity 1117:1130 lower affinity 1117:1130 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 3 contain have 1112:1115 arg2 binding 1157:1163 more enthalpy-driven binding 1136:1163 more enthalpy-driven binding 1136:1163 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 3 contain have 1112:1115 arg1 glycopeptides 988:1000 glycopeptides 988:1000 glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) 988:1110 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 3 4 theme sialylated 473:482 arg1 antigen 501:507 the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen 469:507 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 4 theme sialylated 473:482 arg1 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 5 5 gly glycopeptide 780:791 arg2 glycopeptide 780:791 glycopeptide 780:791 glycopeptide 780:791 However, the contribution of each glycopeptide component to PILRα binding was largely unclear. 29046357 4 6 link sTn-linked 628:637 arg1 glycopeptide 639:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide 624:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B 624:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 4 7 theme PILRα 603:607 arg1 structure 590:598 the crystal structure 578:598 the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B 578:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 6 8 theme thermodynamic 917:929 arg1 parameters 931:940 the thermodynamic parameters 913:940 the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα 913:972 Here, we chemically synthesized glycopeptide derivatives and determined the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα. 29046357 1 9 theme glycoprotein 201:212 arg1 B 214:214 its envelope glycoprotein B 188:214 its envelope glycoprotein B 188:214 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 8 10 theme crystal 1221:1227 arg1 structures 1229:1238 The crystal structures 1217:1238 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides 1217:1282 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 7 11 dep peptides 1044:1051 arg1 " 1095:1095 "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" 1077:1095 "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" 1077:1095 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 11 dep peptides 1044:1051 arg1 " 1071:1071 "GlcNAc-type" 1059:1071 "GlcNAc-type" 1059:1071 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 1 12 from receptor 258:265 arg1 cells 287:291 immune cells 280:291 immune cells 280:291 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 5 13 theme glycopeptide 780:791 arg1 component 793:801 each glycopeptide component 775:801 each glycopeptide component 775:801 However, the contribution of each glycopeptide component to PILRα binding was largely unclear. 29046357 7 14 theme different 1007:1015 arg1 units 1023:1027 different sugar units 1007:1027 different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) 1007:1110 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 15 gly glycopeptides 988:1000 arg2 glycopeptides 988:1000 glycopeptides 988:1000 glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) 988:1110 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 8 16 theme O4 1348:1349 arg1 atom 1351:1354 the O4 atom 1344:1354 the O4 atom of the sugar moiety 1344:1374 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 4 17 theme B 668:668 arg1 glycopeptide 639:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide 624:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B 624:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 0 18 theme glycopeptide 66:77 arg1 recognition 79:89 glycopeptide recognition 66:89 glycopeptide recognition 66:89 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 3 19 theme peptide 537:543 arg1 region 545:550 its attached peptide region 524:550 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 4 20 theme sTn-linked 628:637 arg1 glycopeptide 639:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide 624:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B 624:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 1 21 theme herpes 160:165 arg1 virus-1 175:181 herpes simplex virus-1 160:181 herpes simplex virus-1 160:181 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 6 22 theme interaction 951:961 arg1 parameters 931:940 the thermodynamic parameters 913:940 the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα 913:972 Here, we chemically synthesized glycopeptide derivatives and determined the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα. 29046357 0 23 theme human 98:102 arg1 receptor 122:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 9 24 dep simplex 1528:1534 arg1 inhibitors 1550:1559 virus-1 entry inhibitors 1536:1559 herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1521:1559 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 4 25 theme glycoprotein 655:666 arg1 B 668:668 glycoprotein B 655:668 glycoprotein B 655:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 3 26 link O-linked 484:491 arg1 antigen 501:507 the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen 469:507 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 26 link O-linked 484:491 arg1 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 8 27 theme stereochemical 1314:1327 arg1 positioning 1329:1339 stereochemical positioning 1314:1339 stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety 1314:1374 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 2 28 theme lectin 368:373 arg1 members 389:395 members 389:395 members of which bind SA 389:412 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 2 28 theme lectin 368:373 arg1 family 381:386 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 0 29 theme immune 110:115 arg1 receptor 122:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 8 30 gly glycopeptides 1270:1282 arg2 glycopeptides 1270:1282 these glycopeptides 1264:1282 these glycopeptides 1264:1282 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 9 31 theme herpes 1521:1526 arg1 simplex 1528:1534 herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1521:1559 herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1521:1559 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 7 32 with glycopeptides 988:1000 arg1 units 1023:1027 different sugar units 1007:1027 different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) 1007:1110 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 0 33 theme recognition 79:89 arg1 features 54:61 critical features 45:61 critical features of glycopeptide recognition 45:89 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 2 34 theme -binding 339:346 arg1 lectin 368:373 sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 323:373 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 0 35 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analyses 29:36 Structural and thermodynamic analyses 0:36 Structural and thermodynamic analyses 0:36 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 9 36 theme virus-1 1536:1542 arg1 inhibitors 1550:1559 virus-1 entry inhibitors 1536:1559 herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1521:1559 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 4 37 theme simultaneous 685:696 arg1 recognition 698:708 the simultaneous recognition 681:708 the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor 681:743 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 0 38 theme thermodynamic 15:27 arg1 analyses 29:36 Structural and thermodynamic analyses 0:36 Structural and thermodynamic analyses 0:36 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 7 39 gly glycopeptides 1097:1109 arg2 glycopeptides 1097:1109 glycopeptides 1097:1109 glycopeptides 1097:1109 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 2 40 theme -like 375:379 arg1 members 389:395 members 389:395 members of which bind SA 389:412 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 2 40 theme -like 375:379 arg1 family 381:386 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 5 41 theme component 793:801 arg1 unclear 832:838 unclear 832:838 unclear 832:838 However, the contribution of each glycopeptide component to PILRα binding was largely unclear. 29046357 5 41 theme component 793:801 arg1 contribution 759:770 the contribution 755:770 the contribution of each glycopeptide component to PILRα binding 755:818 However, the contribution of each glycopeptide component to PILRα binding was largely unclear. 29046357 8 42 theme sugar 1363:1367 arg1 moiety 1369:1374 the sugar moiety 1359:1374 the sugar moiety 1359:1374 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 3 43 theme Siglec 433:438 arg1 member 440:445 the only Siglec member 424:445 the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 424:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 43 theme Siglec 433:438 arg1 PILRα 415:419 PILRα 415:419 PILRα 415:419 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 7 44 theme deoxy-GlcNAc-type 1078:1094 arg1 " 1095:1095 "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" 1077:1095 "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" 1077:1095 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 1 45 theme immunoglobulin-like 231:249 arg1 receptor 258:265 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α 224:267 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells 224:291 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 1 45 theme immunoglobulin-like 231:249 arg1 PILRα 270:274 PILRα 270:274 PILRα 270:274 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 2 46 theme acid 330:333 arg1 lectin 368:373 sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 323:373 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 7 47 theme i.e. 1185:1188 arg1 glycopeptide 1202:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 47 theme i.e. 1185:1188 arg1 type 1179:1182 the wild type 1170:1182 the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide) 1170:1214 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 3 48 theme O-linked 484:491 arg1 antigen 501:507 the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen 469:507 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 48 theme O-linked 484:491 arg1 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 49 gly sialylated 473:482 arg1 antigen 501:507 the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen 469:507 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 49 gly sialylated 473:482 arg1 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 1 50 gly glycoprotein 201:212 arg1 glycoprotein 201:212 its envelope glycoprotein B 188:214 its envelope glycoprotein B 188:214 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 6 51 gly glycopeptide 873:884 arg2 glycopeptide 873:884 glycopeptide derivatives 873:896 glycopeptide derivatives 873:896 Here, we chemically synthesized glycopeptide derivatives and determined the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα. 29046357 1 52 theme simplex 167:173 arg1 virus-1 175:181 herpes simplex virus-1 160:181 herpes simplex virus-1 160:181 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 4 53 theme crystal 582:588 arg1 structure 590:598 the crystal structure 578:598 the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B 578:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 5 54 theme PILRα 806:810 arg1 binding 812:818 PILRα binding 806:818 PILRα binding 806:818 However, the contribution of each glycopeptide component to PILRα binding was largely unclear. 29046357 7 55 dep " 1071:1071 arg1 glycopeptides 1097:1109 glycopeptides 1097:1109 glycopeptides 1097:1109 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 55 dep " 1071:1071 arg1 i.e. 1054:1057 i.e. 1054:1057 i.e. 1054:1057 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 4 56 gly glycopeptide 639:650 arg2 glycopeptide 639:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide 624:650 the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B 624:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 4 56 gly glycopeptide 639:650 arg1 B 668:668 glycoprotein B 655:668 glycoprotein B 655:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 3 57 theme T 499:499 arg1 antigen 501:507 the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen 469:507 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 57 theme T 499:499 arg1 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 sTn 510:512 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 1 58 theme envelope 192:199 arg1 B 214:214 its envelope glycoprotein B 188:214 its envelope glycoprotein B 188:214 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 7 59 theme sugar 1017:1021 arg1 units 1023:1027 different sugar units 1007:1027 different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) 1007:1110 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 9 60 theme unique 1435:1440 arg1 recognition 1465:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition 1431:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα 1431:1488 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 7 61 theme enthalpy-driven 1141:1155 arg1 binding 1157:1163 more enthalpy-driven binding 1136:1163 more enthalpy-driven binding 1136:1163 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 9 62 theme peptide 1457:1463 arg1 recognition 1465:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition 1431:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα 1431:1488 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 6 63 theme glycopeptide 873:884 arg1 derivatives 886:896 glycopeptide derivatives 873:896 glycopeptide derivatives 873:896 Here, we chemically synthesized glycopeptide derivatives and determined the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα. 29046357 9 64 gly O-glycosylated 1442:1455 arg1 recognition 1465:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition 1431:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα 1431:1488 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 9 65 theme rational 1502:1509 arg1 design 1511:1516 the rational design 1498:1516 the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1498:1559 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 8 66 theme PILRα 1243:1247 arg1 structures 1229:1238 The crystal structures 1217:1238 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides 1217:1282 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 7 67 theme wild 1174:1177 arg1 glycopeptide 1202:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 67 theme wild 1174:1177 arg1 type 1179:1182 the wild type 1170:1182 the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide) 1170:1214 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 3 68 theme attached 528:535 arg1 region 545:550 its attached peptide region 524:550 not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 460:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 1 69 theme host 148:151 arg1 cells 153:157 host cells 148:157 host cells 148:157 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 6 70 with interaction 951:961 arg1 PILRα 968:972 PILRα 968:972 PILRα 968:972 Here, we chemically synthesized glycopeptide derivatives and determined the thermodynamic parameters of their interaction with PILRα. 29046357 0 71 theme PILRα 104:108 arg1 receptor 122:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 8 72 theme moiety 1369:1374 arg1 atom 1351:1354 the O4 atom 1344:1354 the O4 atom of the sugar moiety 1344:1374 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 0 73 gly glycopeptide 66:77 arg2 glycopeptide 66:77 glycopeptide recognition 66:89 glycopeptide recognition 66:89 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 0 74 theme cell 117:120 arg1 receptor 122:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 the human PILRα immune cell receptor 94:129 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 4 75 theme sTn 713:715 arg1 recognition 698:708 the simultaneous recognition 681:708 the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor 681:743 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 2 76 theme immunoglobulin-like 348:366 arg1 lectin 368:373 sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 323:373 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 7 77 theme lower 1117:1121 arg1 affinity 1123:1130 lower affinity 1117:1130 lower affinity 1117:1130 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 9 78 theme simplex 1528:1534 arg1 design 1511:1516 the rational design 1498:1516 the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1498:1559 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 4 79 gly glycoprotein 655:666 arg1 glycoprotein 655:666 glycoprotein B 655:668 glycoprotein B 655:668 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 8 80 theme positioning 1329:1339 arg1 importance 1300:1309 the importance 1296:1309 the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety 1296:1374 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 7 81 gly glycopeptide 1202:1213 arg2 type 1179:1182 the wild type 1170:1182 the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide) 1170:1214 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 81 gly glycopeptide 1202:1213 arg2 glycopeptide 1202:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 9 82 theme entry 1544:1548 arg1 inhibitors 1550:1559 virus-1 entry inhibitors 1536:1559 herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors 1521:1559 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 0 83 theme critical 45:52 arg1 features 54:61 critical features 45:61 critical features of glycopeptide recognition 45:89 Structural and thermodynamic analyses reveal critical features of glycopeptide recognition by the human PILRα immune cell receptor. 29046357 1 84 theme immune 280:285 arg1 cells 287:291 immune cells 280:291 immune cells 280:291 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 8 85 theme atom 1351:1354 arg1 positioning 1329:1339 stereochemical positioning 1314:1339 stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety 1314:1374 The crystal structures of PILRα complexed with these glycopeptides highlighted the importance of stereochemical positioning of the O4 atom of the sugar moiety. 29046357 2 86 theme Siglec 315:320 arg1 members 389:395 members 389:395 members of which bind SA 389:412 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 2 86 theme Siglec 315:320 arg1 family 381:386 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family 311:386 PILRα belongs to the Siglec (sialic acid (SA)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin)-like family, members of which bind SA. 29046357 4 87 theme peptide 721:727 arg1 recognition 698:708 the simultaneous recognition 681:708 the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor 681:743 We previously determined the crystal structure of PILRα complexed with the sTn-linked glycopeptide of glycoprotein B, revealing the simultaneous recognition of sTn and peptide by the receptor. 29046357 3 88 theme only 428:431 arg1 member 440:445 the only Siglec member 424:445 the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region 424:550 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 3 88 theme only 428:431 arg1 PILRα 415:419 PILRα 415:419 PILRα 415:419 PILRα is the only Siglec member to recognize not only the sialylated O-linked sugar T antigen (sTn) but also its attached peptide region. 29046357 1 89 theme paired 224:229 arg1 receptor 258:265 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α 224:267 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells 224:291 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 1 89 theme paired 224:229 arg1 PILRα 270:274 PILRα 270:274 PILRα 270:274 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 9 90 theme O-glycosylated 1442:1455 arg1 recognition 1465:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition 1431:1475 the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα 1431:1488 These results provide insights both for understanding the unique O-glycosylated peptide recognition by the PILRα and for the rational design of herpes simplex virus-1 entry inhibitors. 29046357 7 91 theme GalNAc-type 1190:1200 arg1 glycopeptide 1202:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide 1185:1213 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 7 91 theme GalNAc-type 1190:1200 arg1 type 1179:1182 the wild type 1170:1182 the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide) 1170:1214 We show that glycopeptides with different sugar units linking SA and peptides (i.e. "GlcNAc-type" and "deoxy-GlcNAc-type" glycopeptides) have lower affinity and more enthalpy-driven binding than the wild type (i.e. GalNAc-type glycopeptide). 29046357 1 92 theme type 251:254 arg1 receptor 258:265 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α 224:267 paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells 224:291 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 29046357 1 92 theme type 251:254 arg1 PILRα 270:274 PILRα 270:274 PILRα 270:274 Before entering host cells, herpes simplex virus-1 uses its envelope glycoprotein B to bind paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor α (PILRα) on immune cells. 27496761 3 0 theme difference 748:757 arg1 property 769:776 a slight difference dynamical property 739:776 a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans 739:793 Measurements of spin-relaxation rates have suggested, however, a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans. 27496761 4 1 theme configuration 947:959 arg1 oligosaccharides 903:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides 883:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 883:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 1 2 theme resonance-based 175:189 arg1 study 191:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study 155:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis 155:300 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 0 3 from alpha-L-galactan 64:79 arg1 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan 0:79 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 4 4 theme sugar 941:945 arg1 configuration 947:959 sugar configuration 941:959 sugar configuration 941:959 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 0 5 link 3-linked 26:33 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 46:58 the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 22:58 the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 22:58 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 4 6 theme glycosidic 962:971 arg1 bond 973:976 glycosidic bond 962:976 glycosidic bond 962:976 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 1 7 from study 191:195 arg1 conformations 219:231 the ring and chain conformations 200:231 conformations 219:231 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 7 from study 191:195 arg1 dynamics 244:251 dynamics 244:251 the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics 200:251 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 8 theme acid 286:289 arg1 hydrolysis 291:300 acid hydrolysis 286:300 acid hydrolysis 286:300 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 0 9 theme different 112:120 arg1 dynamics 122:129 different dynamics 112:129 different dynamics 112:129 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 1 10 theme 3-linked 384:391 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 404:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 10 theme 3-linked 384:391 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 2 11 theme 3D 569:570 arg1 structure 572:580 a similar solution 3D structure 550:580 a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans 550:636 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 1 12 theme 2-sulfated 393:402 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 404:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 12 theme 2-sulfated 393:402 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 4 13 theme same 923:926 arg1 anomericity 928:938 same anomericity 923:938 same anomericity 923:938 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 4 14 theme enhanced 840:847 arg1 property 859:866 an enhanced dynamical property 837:866 an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 837:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 4 15 dep property 859:866 arg1 compared 871:878 compared 871:878 compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 871:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 2 16 theme scalar 440:445 arg1 couplings 447:455 scalar couplings 440:455 scalar couplings 440:455 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 2 17 theme solution 560:567 arg1 structure 572:580 a similar solution 3D structure 550:580 a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans 550:636 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 0 18 from alpha-L-fucan 46:58 arg1 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides 0:15 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan 0:79 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 2 19 theme patterns 666:673 arg1 basis 653:657 the basis 649:657 the basis of NOE patterns 649:673 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 5 20 from distinction 1003:1013 arg1 aspect 1039:1044 the dynamical aspect 1025:1044 the dynamical aspect 1025:1044 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 1 21 link 3-linked 384:391 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 404:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 21 link 3-linked 384:391 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 3 22 theme dynamical 759:767 arg1 property 769:776 a slight difference dynamical property 739:776 a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans 739:793 Measurements of spin-relaxation rates have suggested, however, a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans. 27496761 2 23 theme NOE 662:664 arg1 patterns 666:673 NOE patterns 662:673 NOE patterns 662:673 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 2 24 theme similar 552:558 arg1 structure 572:580 a similar solution 3D structure 550:580 a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans 550:636 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 4 25 theme bond 973:976 arg1 oligosaccharides 903:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides 883:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 883:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 1 26 theme ring 204:207 arg1 conformations 219:231 the ring and chain conformations 200:231 conformations 219:231 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 4 27 theme anomericity 928:938 arg1 oligosaccharides 903:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides 883:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 883:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 0 28 theme 3-linked 26:33 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 46:58 the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 22:58 the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 22:58 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 4 29 theme fucose-based 800:811 arg1 oligosaccharides 813:828 The fucose-based oligosaccharides 796:828 The fucose-based oligosaccharides 796:828 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 1 30 theme chain 213:217 arg1 conformations 219:231 the ring and chain conformations 200:231 conformations 219:231 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 2 31 theme 1C4 476:478 arg1 configuration 486:498 the 1C4 chair configuration 472:498 the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose 472:543 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 3 32 theme spin-relaxation 692:706 arg1 rates 708:712 spin-relaxation rates 692:712 spin-relaxation rates 692:712 Measurements of spin-relaxation rates have suggested, however, a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans. 27496761 1 33 theme related 322:328 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 404:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 382:416 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 33 theme related 322:328 arg1 alpha-L-galactan 361:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 33 theme related 322:328 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 2 34 theme oligosaccharide 590:604 arg1 chains 606:611 the oligosaccharide chains 586:611 the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans 586:636 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 3 35 theme rates 708:712 arg1 Measurements 676:687 Measurements 676:687 Measurements of spin-relaxation rates 676:712 Measurements of spin-relaxation rates have suggested, however, a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans. 27496761 0 36 theme 2-sulfated 35:44 arg1 alpha-L-fucan 46:58 the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 22:58 the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan 22:58 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 2 37 theme chair 480:484 arg1 configuration 486:498 the 1C4 chair configuration 472:498 the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose 472:543 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 1 38 link 3-linked 341:348 arg1 alpha-L-galactan 361:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 38 link 3-linked 341:348 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 2 39 theme glycans 630:636 arg1 chains 606:611 the oligosaccharide chains 586:611 the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans 586:636 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 5 40 theme studied 1118:1124 arg1 glycans 1135:1141 the two studied sulfated glycans 1110:1141 the two studied sulfated glycans 1110:1141 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 4 41 theme galactose-based 887:901 arg1 oligosaccharides 903:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides 883:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 883:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 3 42 theme slight 741:746 arg1 property 769:776 a slight difference dynamical property 739:776 a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans 739:793 Measurements of spin-relaxation rates have suggested, however, a slight difference dynamical property to these glycans. 27496761 1 43 theme 3-linked 341:348 arg1 alpha-L-galactan 361:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 43 theme 3-linked 341:348 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 2 44 theme sulfated 621:628 arg1 glycans 630:636 both sulfated glycans 616:636 both sulfated glycans 616:636 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 5 45 theme sulfated 1126:1133 arg1 glycans 1135:1141 the two studied sulfated glycans 1110:1141 the two studied sulfated glycans 1110:1141 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 5 46 theme dynamical 1029:1037 arg1 aspect 1039:1044 the dynamical aspect 1025:1044 the dynamical aspect 1025:1044 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 4 47 theme sulfation 982:990 arg1 type 992:995 sulfation type 982:995 sulfation type 982:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 5 48 theme glycans 1135:1141 arg1 composition 1095:1105 the different sugar composition 1075:1105 the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans 1075:1141 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 4 49 theme dynamical 849:857 arg1 property 859:866 an enhanced dynamical property 837:866 an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 837:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 0 50 theme similar 86:92 arg1 conformations 94:106 similar conformations 86:106 similar conformations 86:106 Oligosaccharides from the 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan and alpha-L-galactan show similar conformations but different dynamics. 27496761 2 51 attach derived 427:433 arg2 Results 419:425 Results 419:425 Results derived from scalar couplings 419:455 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 2 51 attach derived 427:433 arg1 couplings 447:455 scalar couplings 440:455 scalar couplings 440:455 Results derived from scalar couplings have confirmed the 1C4 chair configuration to both alpha-L-fucose and alpha-L-galactose, and a similar solution 3D structure for the oligosaccharide chains of both sulfated glycans as seen on the basis of NOE patterns. 27496761 5 52 theme different 1079:1087 arg1 composition 1095:1105 the different sugar composition 1075:1105 the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans 1075:1141 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 1 53 theme nuclear 158:164 arg1 study 191:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study 155:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis 155:300 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 4 54 theme type 992:995 arg1 oligosaccharides 903:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides 883:918 the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type 883:995 The fucose-based oligosaccharides showed an enhanced dynamical property if compared to the galactose-based oligosaccharides of same anomericity, sugar configuration, glycosidic bond and sulfation type. 27496761 1 55 theme 2-sulfated 350:359 arg1 alpha-L-galactan 361:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan 339:376 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 55 theme 2-sulfated 350:359 arg1 glycans 330:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 two structurally related glycans 305:336 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 5 56 theme sugar 1089:1093 arg1 composition 1095:1105 the different sugar composition 1075:1105 the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans 1075:1141 This distinction solely on the dynamical aspect has been driven therefore by the different sugar composition of the two studied sulfated glycans. 27496761 1 57 theme magnetic 166:173 arg1 study 191:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study 155:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis 155:300 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 27496761 1 58 theme oligosaccharides 256:271 arg1 study 191:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study 155:195 an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis 155:300 Here we have performed an nuclear magnetic resonance-based study on the ring and chain conformations as well as dynamics of oligosaccharides generated by acid hydrolysis on two structurally related glycans, a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-galactan and a 3-linked 2-sulfated alpha-L-fucan. 26097235 0 0 theme novel 75:79 arg1 endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 81:110 a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 73:110 a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 73:110 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 0 1 from release 19:25 arg1 products 61:68 dairy products 55:68 dairy products 55:68 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 5 2 theme composite 720:728 arg1 design 730:735 A central composite design 710:735 A central composite design 710:735 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 8 3 theme glycan-free 1404:1414 arg1 milk 1416:1419 glycan-free milk 1404:1419 glycan-free milk 1404:1419 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 1 4 theme N-glycan 270:277 arg1 core 279:282 the N-glycan core 266:282 the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 266:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 8 5 theme products 1363:1370 arg1 class 1354:1358 an entirely new class 1338:1358 an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk) 1338:1420 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 4 6 theme pH 515:516 arg1 effects 504:510 The effects 500:510 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) 500:625 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 8 7 theme released 1373:1380 arg1 glycans 1392:1398 released bioactive glycans 1373:1398 released bioactive glycans 1373:1398 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 6 8 theme higher 891:896 arg1 ratio 913:917 higher enzyme/protein ratio 891:917 higher enzyme/protein ratio 891:917 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 26097235 7 9 theme total 1134:1138 arg1 protein 1140:1146 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1117:1146 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1117:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 10 theme bovine 1010:1015 arg1 source 1094:1099 a glycan source 1085:1099 a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1085:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 10 theme bovine 1010:1015 arg1 whey 1027:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 11 theme glycan 1087:1092 arg1 source 1094:1099 a glycan source 1085:1099 a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1085:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 11 theme glycan 1087:1092 arg1 whey 1027:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 6 12 theme longer 868:873 arg1 times 884:888 longer reaction times 868:888 longer reaction times 868:888 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 26097235 7 13 theme colostrum 1017:1025 arg1 source 1094:1099 a glycan source 1085:1099 a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1085:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 13 theme colostrum 1017:1025 arg1 whey 1027:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 9 14 theme PNGase 1566:1571 arg1 F 1573:1573 PNGase F 1566:1573 PNGase F 1566:1573 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 1 15 theme high 287:290 arg1 hybrid 301:306 high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 287:329 hybrid 301:306 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 7 16 theme protein 1140:1146 arg1 yield 1108:1112 a yield 1106:1112 a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1106:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 17 used used 1077:1080 arg2 source 1094:1099 a glycan source 1085:1099 a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1085:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 7 17 used used 1077:1080 arg2 whey 1027:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 bovine colostrum whey 1010:1030 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 2 18 theme prebiotic 387:395 arg1 source 397:402 a new prebiotic source 381:402 a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp 381:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 18 theme prebiotic 387:395 arg1 N-glycans 349:357 These conjugated N-glycans 332:357 These conjugated N-glycans 332:357 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 9 19 theme new 1427:1429 arg1 enzyme 1431:1436 The new enzyme's 1423:1438 The new enzyme's activity 1423:1447 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 4 20 theme time 567:570 arg1 effects 504:510 The effects 500:510 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) 500:625 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 2 21 theme longum 476:481 arg1 subsp 483:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 21 theme longum 476:481 arg1 microbe 451:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 8 22 dep activities 1305:1314 arg1 opening 1317:1323 opening 1317:1323 opening 1317:1323 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 5 23 theme two-level 759:767 arg1 4 789:789 4 789:789 4 789:789 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 5 23 theme two-level 759:767 arg1 design 779:784 a two-level factorial design 757:784 a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points 757:838 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 1 24 attach isolated 144:151 arg1 EndoBI-1 182:189 EndoBI-1 182:189 EndoBI-1 182:189 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 1 24 attach isolated 144:151 arg2 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 113:142 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 113:142 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) 113:190 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 1 24 attach isolated 144:151 arg2 enzyme 203:208 a novel enzyme 195:208 a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 195:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 1 24 attach isolated 144:151 arg1 ATCC 170:173 ATCC 170:173 ATCC 170:173 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 2 25 theme gut 447:449 arg1 subsp 483:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 25 theme gut 447:449 arg1 microbe 451:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 8 26 theme processing 1294:1303 arg1 activities 1305:1314 routine dairy processing activities 1280:1314 routine dairy processing activities 1280:1314 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 6 27 theme reaction 875:882 arg1 times 884:888 longer reaction times 868:888 longer reaction times 868:888 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 26097235 6 28 theme highest 965:971 arg1 yield 973:977 the highest yield 961:977 the highest yield 961:977 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 26097235 1 29 theme novel 197:201 arg1 enzyme 203:208 a novel enzyme 195:208 a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 195:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 1 29 theme novel 197:201 arg1 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 113:142 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 113:142 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) 113:190 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 2 30 theme infant 440:445 arg1 subsp 483:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 30 theme infant 440:445 arg1 microbe 451:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 1 31 theme mannose 292:298 arg1 hybrid 301:306 high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 287:329 hybrid 301:306 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 9 32 theme native 1545:1550 arg1 proteins 1552:1559 native proteins 1545:1559 native proteins 1545:1559 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 4 33 theme whey 692:695 arg1 colostrum 682:690 bovine colostrum 675:690 bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1 675:707 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 6 34 theme enzyme/protein 898:911 arg1 ratio 913:917 higher enzyme/protein ratio 891:917 higher enzyme/protein ratio 891:917 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 26097235 2 35 theme new 383:385 arg1 source 397:402 a new prebiotic source 381:402 a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp 381:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 35 theme new 383:385 arg1 N-glycans 349:357 These conjugated N-glycans 332:357 These conjugated N-glycans 332:357 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 36 theme key 436:438 arg1 subsp 483:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 460:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 36 theme key 436:438 arg1 microbe 451:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 a key infant gut microbe 434:457 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 4 37 theme temperature 531:541 arg1 effects 504:510 The effects 500:510 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) 500:625 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 9 38 used used 1598:1601 arg2 EndoBI-1 1518:1525 EndoBI-1 1518:1525 EndoBI-1 1518:1525 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 4 39 theme enzyme/protein 590:603 arg1 ratio 605:609 enzyme/protein ratio 590:609 enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) 590:625 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 4 39 theme enzyme/protein 590:603 arg1 1:3,000-1:333 612:624 1:3,000-1:333 612:624 1:3,000-1:333 612:624 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 5 40 with design 779:784 arg1 points 833:838 eight axial points 821:838 eight axial points 821:838 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 5 40 with design 779:784 arg1 points 810:815 four center points 798:815 four center points 798:815 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 1 41 theme hybrid 301:306 arg1 core 279:282 the N-glycan core 266:282 the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 266:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 7 42 theme 20 1117:1118 arg1 mg 1120:1121 mg 1120:1121 mg 1120:1121 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 0 43 theme N-glycans 40:48 arg1 release 19:25 the release 15:25 the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products 15:68 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 5 44 used used 741:744 arg2 design 730:735 A central composite design 710:735 A central composite design 710:735 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 7 45 theme optimal 1154:1160 arg1 conditions 1162:1171 optimal conditions 1154:1171 optimal conditions for the ranges investigated 1154:1199 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 1 46 located found 257:261 arg1 core 279:282 the N-glycan core 266:282 the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 266:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 1 46 located found 257:261 arg2 moieties 248:255 N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties 223:255 N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 223:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 1 47 theme N-N'-diacetyl 223:235 arg1 moieties 248:255 N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties 223:255 N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 223:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 0 48 theme bioactive 30:38 arg1 N-glycans 40:48 bioactive N-glycans 30:48 bioactive N-glycans from dairy products 30:68 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 6 49 theme pH 857:858 arg1 values 860:865 low pH values 853:865 low pH values 853:865 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 26097235 9 50 theme available 1487:1495 arg1 enzyme 1497:1502 a commercially available enzyme 1472:1502 a commercially available enzyme 1472:1502 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 5 51 theme factorial 769:777 arg1 4 789:789 4 789:789 4 789:789 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 5 51 theme factorial 769:777 arg1 design 779:784 a two-level factorial design 757:784 a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points 757:838 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 1 52 theme chitobiose 237:246 arg1 moieties 248:255 N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties 223:255 N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 223:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 0 53 theme dairy 55:59 arg1 products 61:68 dairy products 55:68 dairy products 55:68 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 1 54 theme complex 313:319 arg1 N-glycans 321:329 high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 287:329 N-glycans 321:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 0 55 from products 61:68 arg1 release 19:25 the release 15:25 the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products 15:68 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 0 55 from products 61:68 arg1 N-glycans 40:48 bioactive N-glycans 30:48 bioactive N-glycans from dairy products 30:68 Characterizing the release of bioactive N-glycans from dairy products by a novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. 26097235 8 56 theme dairy 1288:1292 arg1 activities 1305:1314 routine dairy processing activities 1280:1314 routine dairy processing activities 1280:1314 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 5 57 theme axial 827:831 arg1 points 833:838 eight axial points 821:838 eight axial points 821:838 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 2 58 theme microbe 451:457 arg1 growth 424:429 the growth 420:429 the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp 420:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 1 59 theme N-glycans 321:329 arg1 core 279:282 the N-glycan core 266:282 the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans 266:329 Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase isolated from B. infantis ATCC 15697 (EndoBI-1) is a novel enzyme that cleaves N-N'-diacetyl chitobiose moieties found in the N-glycan core of high mannose, hybrid, and complex N-glycans. 26097235 8 60 theme new 1350:1352 arg1 class 1354:1358 an entirely new class 1338:1358 an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk) 1338:1420 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 8 61 theme routine 1280:1286 arg1 activities 1305:1314 routine dairy processing activities 1280:1314 routine dairy processing activities 1280:1314 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 4 62 theme N-glycans 660:668 arg1 release 649:655 the release 645:655 the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1 645:707 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 4 63 from colostrum 682:690 arg1 release 649:655 the release 645:655 the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1 645:707 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 7 64 theme by/waste 1052:1059 arg1 product 1061:1067 a by/waste product 1050:1067 a by/waste product 1050:1067 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 8 65 dep products 1363:1370 arg1 glycans 1392:1398 released bioactive glycans 1373:1398 released bioactive glycans 1373:1398 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 8 65 dep products 1363:1370 arg1 milk 1416:1419 glycan-free milk 1404:1419 glycan-free milk 1404:1419 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 2 66 theme conjugated 338:347 arg1 N-glycans 349:357 These conjugated N-glycans 332:357 These conjugated N-glycans 332:357 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 2 66 theme conjugated 338:347 arg1 source 397:402 a new prebiotic source 381:402 a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp 381:487 These conjugated N-glycans are recently shown as a new prebiotic source that stimulates the growth of a key infant gut microbe, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26097235 8 67 theme processing 1221:1230 arg1 conditions 1232:1241 these processing conditions 1215:1241 these processing conditions 1215:1241 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 7 68 with source 1094:1099 arg1 yield 1108:1112 a yield 1106:1112 a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1106:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 4 69 theme reaction 558:565 arg1 time 567:570 reaction time 558:570 reaction time (15-475 min) 558:583 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 4 69 theme reaction 558:565 arg1 min 580:582 15-475 min 573:582 15-475 min 573:582 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 4 70 theme bovine 675:680 arg1 colostrum 682:690 bovine colostrum 675:690 bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1 675:707 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 9 71 theme existing 1660:1667 arg1 strategies 1680:1689 existing processing strategies 1660:1689 existing processing strategies 1660:1689 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 7 72 theme N-glycan/g 1123:1132 arg1 protein 1140:1146 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1117:1146 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1117:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 8 73 theme bioactive 1382:1390 arg1 glycans 1392:1398 released bioactive glycans 1373:1398 released bioactive glycans 1373:1398 Importantly, these processing conditions are suitable to be incorporated into routine dairy processing activities, opening the door for an entirely new class of products (released bioactive glycans and glycan-free milk). 26097235 4 74 theme ratio 605:609 arg1 effects 504:510 The effects 500:510 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) 500:625 The effects of pH (4.45-8.45), temperature (27.5-77.5°C), reaction time (15-475 min), and enzyme/protein ratio (1:3,000-1:333) were evaluated on the release of N-glycans from bovine colostrum whey by EndoBI-1. 26097235 5 75 theme center 803:808 arg1 points 810:815 four center points 798:815 four center points 798:815 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 5 76 theme central 712:718 arg1 design 730:735 A central composite design 710:735 A central composite design 710:735 A central composite design was used, including a two-level factorial design (2(4)) with four center points and eight axial points. 26097235 9 77 theme processing 1669:1678 arg1 strategies 1680:1689 existing processing strategies 1660:1689 existing processing strategies 1660:1689 The new enzyme's activity was also compared with a commercially available enzyme, showing that EndoBI-1 is more active on native proteins than PNGase F and can be efficiently used during pasteurization, streamlining its integration into existing processing strategies. 26097235 7 78 theme mg 1120:1121 arg1 protein 1140:1146 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1117:1146 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein 1117:1146 The results demonstrated that bovine colostrum whey, considered to be a by/waste product, can be used as a glycan source with a yield of 20 mg N-glycan/g total protein under optimal conditions for the ranges investigated. 26097235 6 79 theme low 853:855 arg1 values 860:865 low pH values 853:865 low pH values 853:865 In general, low pH values, longer reaction times, higher enzyme/protein ratio, and temperatures around 52°C resulted in the highest yield. 29131232 5 0 theme Transmission 773:784 arg1 microscopy 795:804 Transmission electron microscopy 773:804 Transmission electron microscopy 773:804 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 2 1 dep oxide 310:314 arg1 GO 317:318 GO 317:318 GO 317:318 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 7 2 from step 1492:1495 arg1 hydrolysis 1510:1519 catalytic hydrolysis 1500:1519 catalytic hydrolysis 1500:1519 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 5 3 theme electron 786:793 arg1 microscopy 795:804 Transmission electron microscopy 773:804 Transmission electron microscopy 773:804 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 7 4 theme catalytic 1537:1545 arg1 activity 1547:1554 catalytic activity 1537:1554 catalytic activity 1537:1554 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 5 5 theme computational 927:939 arg1 modeling 941:948 computational modeling 927:948 computational modeling 927:948 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 6 6 dep access 1305:1310 arg1 substrate 1316:1324 the substrate 1312:1324 the substrate 1312:1324 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 3 7 theme cellobiose 690:699 arg1 degradation 675:685 degradation 675:685 degradation of cellobiose 675:699 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 2 8 theme oxide 310:314 arg1 hydrogels 346:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels 290:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 8 theme oxide 310:314 arg1 hydrolase 396:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase 383:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 383:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 8 theme oxide 310:314 arg1 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 4 9 theme highest 744:750 arg1 activity 763:770 the highest hydrolysis activity 740:770 the highest hydrolysis activity 740:770 Among these materials, GO-PNFs showed the highest hydrolysis activity. 29131232 3 10 theme self-assembled 569:582 arg1 PNFs 604:607 PNFs 604:607 PNFs 604:607 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 10 theme self-assembled 569:582 arg1 mimetics 662:669 a hydrolase mimetics 650:669 a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose 650:699 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 10 theme self-assembled 569:582 arg1 nanofibers 592:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 569:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) 569:608 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 10 theme self-assembled 569:582 arg1 peptides 501:508 free peptides 496:508 free peptides 496:508 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 10 theme self-assembled 569:582 arg1 oxide 520:524 graphene oxide 511:524 graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) 511:563 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 8 11 theme potential 1594:1602 arg1 use 1604:1606 the potential use 1590:1606 the potential use of peptides 1590:1618 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 29131232 6 12 theme optimal 1245:1251 arg1 conformation 1263:1274 optimal molecular conformation 1245:1274 optimal molecular conformation 1245:1274 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 6 12 theme optimal 1245:1251 arg1 peptides 1235:1242 peptides 1235:1242 peptides 1235:1242 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 2 13 theme graphene 301:308 arg1 oxide 310:314 homogenous graphene oxide 290:314 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 3 14 theme free 496:499 arg1 peptides 501:508 free peptides 496:508 free peptides 496:508 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 14 theme free 496:499 arg1 mimetics 662:669 a hydrolase mimetics 650:669 a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose 650:699 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 14 theme free 496:499 arg1 nanofibers 592:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 569:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) 569:608 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 14 theme free 496:499 arg1 oxide 520:524 graphene oxide 511:524 graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) 511:563 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 5 15 theme designed 1032:1039 arg1 enzymes 1041:1047 these artificially designed enzymes 1013:1047 these artificially designed enzymes 1013:1047 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 16 theme circular 855:862 arg1 spectroscopies 874:887 circular dichroism spectroscopies 855:887 circular dichroism spectroscopies 855:887 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 2 17 theme homogenous 290:299 arg1 oxide 310:314 homogenous graphene oxide 290:314 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 5 18 theme force 814:818 arg1 microscopy 820:829 atomic force microscopy 807:829 atomic force microscopy 807:829 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 0 19 theme Homogenous 0:9 arg1 oxide-peptide 20:32 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide 0:32 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide 0:32 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogel as biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase. 29131232 6 20 theme cellopentaose 1146:1158 arg1 hydrolysis 1160:1169 cellopentaose hydrolysis 1146:1169 cellopentaose hydrolysis 1146:1169 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 2 21 theme β-glycosyl 385:394 arg1 hydrogels 346:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels 290:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 21 theme β-glycosyl 385:394 arg1 hydrolase 396:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase 383:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 383:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 0 22 theme graphene 11:18 arg1 oxide-peptide 20:32 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide 0:32 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide 0:32 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogel as biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase. 29131232 8 23 from nanoenzymes 1644:1654 arg1 hydrolysis 1679:1688 efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1659:1688 efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1659:1688 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 29131232 2 24 theme -peptide 320:327 arg1 hydrogels 346:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels 290:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 24 theme -peptide 320:327 arg1 hydrolase 396:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase 383:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 383:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 24 theme -peptide 320:327 arg1 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 25 theme cellobiose 450:459 arg1 degradation 435:445 efficient degradation 425:445 efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 425:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 3 26 theme peptide 584:590 arg1 PNFs 604:607 PNFs 604:607 PNFs 604:607 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 26 theme peptide 584:590 arg1 mimetics 662:669 a hydrolase mimetics 650:669 a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose 650:699 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 26 theme peptide 584:590 arg1 nanofibers 592:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 569:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) 569:608 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 26 theme peptide 584:590 arg1 peptides 501:508 free peptides 496:508 free peptides 496:508 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 26 theme peptide 584:590 arg1 oxide 520:524 graphene oxide 511:524 graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) 511:563 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 7 27 theme catalytic 1500:1508 arg1 hydrolysis 1510:1519 catalytic hydrolysis 1500:1519 catalytic hydrolysis 1500:1519 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 6 28 theme GO-PNFs 1116:1122 arg1 performance 1101:1111 high catalytic performance 1086:1111 high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis 1086:1169 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 5 29 theme fluorescence 832:843 arg1 analysis 845:852 fluorescence analysis 832:852 fluorescence analysis 832:852 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 8 30 theme peptides 1611:1618 arg1 use 1604:1606 the potential use 1590:1606 the potential use of peptides 1590:1618 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 29131232 1 31 theme impressive 114:123 arg1 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 1 31 theme impressive 114:123 arg1 fuel 147:150 an impressive potential sustainable fuel 111:150 an impressive potential sustainable fuel 111:150 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 2 32 theme efficient 425:433 arg1 degradation 435:445 efficient degradation 425:445 efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 425:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 6 33 theme structures 1221:1230 arg1 formation 1198:1206 the formation 1194:1206 the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate 1194:1324 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 8 34 theme hybrid 1627:1632 arg1 nanoenzymes 1644:1654 hybrid composite nanoenzymes 1627:1654 hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1627:1688 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 29131232 3 35 theme free 537:540 arg1 GO-peptdies 552:562 GO-peptdies 552:562 GO-peptdies 552:562 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 35 theme free 537:540 arg1 peptides 542:549 free peptides 537:549 free peptides (GO-peptdies) 537:563 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 6 36 theme molecular 1253:1261 arg1 conformation 1263:1274 optimal molecular conformation 1245:1274 optimal molecular conformation 1245:1274 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 6 36 theme molecular 1253:1261 arg1 peptides 1235:1242 peptides 1235:1242 peptides 1235:1242 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 1 37 theme potential 125:133 arg1 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 1 37 theme potential 125:133 arg1 fuel 147:150 an impressive potential sustainable fuel 111:150 an impressive potential sustainable fuel 111:150 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 1 38 theme bonds 225:229 arg1 protection 194:203 the protection 190:203 the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds 190:229 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 3 39 theme graphene 511:518 arg1 peptides 501:508 free peptides 496:508 free peptides 496:508 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 39 theme graphene 511:518 arg1 oxide 520:524 graphene oxide 511:524 graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) 511:563 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 39 theme graphene 511:518 arg1 nanofibers 592:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 569:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) 569:608 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 39 theme graphene 511:518 arg1 mimetics 662:669 a hydrolase mimetics 650:669 a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose 650:699 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 5 40 theme activity 991:998 arg1 mechanism 1000:1008 activity mechanism 991:1008 activity mechanism 991:1008 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 6 41 theme catalytic 1091:1099 arg1 performance 1101:1111 high catalytic performance 1086:1111 high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis 1086:1169 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 7 42 theme attaching 1382:1390 arg1 PNFs 1392:1395 attaching PNFs 1382:1395 attaching PNFs 1382:1395 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 5 43 theme dichroism 864:872 arg1 spectroscopies 874:887 circular dichroism spectroscopies 855:887 circular dichroism spectroscopies 855:887 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 0 44 theme hybrid 44:49 arg1 hydrogel 51:58 hybrid hydrogel 44:58 hybrid hydrogel 44:58 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogel as biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase. 29131232 7 45 theme proton 1462:1467 arg1 microenvironment 1429:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 45 theme proton 1462:1467 arg1 platform 1369:1376 a platform 1367:1376 a platform for attaching PNFs 1367:1395 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 45 theme proton 1462:1467 arg1 transfer 1469:1476 facilitated proton transfer 1450:1476 facilitated proton transfer 1450:1476 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 46 theme facilitated 1450:1460 arg1 microenvironment 1429:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 46 theme facilitated 1450:1460 arg1 platform 1369:1376 a platform 1367:1376 a platform for attaching PNFs 1367:1395 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 46 theme facilitated 1450:1460 arg1 transfer 1469:1476 facilitated proton transfer 1450:1476 facilitated proton transfer 1450:1476 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 2 47 theme mimetic 406:412 arg1 hydrogels 346:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels 290:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 47 theme mimetic 406:412 arg1 hydrolase 396:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase 383:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 383:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 0 48 theme biomimetic 63:72 arg1 hydrolase 89:97 biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase 63:97 biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase 63:97 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogel as biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase. 29131232 8 49 theme composite 1634:1642 arg1 nanoenzymes 1644:1654 hybrid composite nanoenzymes 1627:1654 hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1627:1688 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 29131232 7 50 theme hydrophobic 1417:1427 arg1 microenvironment 1429:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 50 theme hydrophobic 1417:1427 arg1 platform 1369:1376 a platform 1367:1376 a platform for attaching PNFs 1367:1395 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 50 theme hydrophobic 1417:1427 arg1 transfer 1469:1476 facilitated proton transfer 1450:1476 facilitated proton transfer 1450:1476 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 50 theme hydrophobic 1417:1427 arg1 step 1492:1495 an essential step 1479:1495 an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis 1479:1519 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 1 51 theme sustainable 135:145 arg1 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose 100:108 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 1 51 theme sustainable 135:145 arg1 fuel 147:150 an impressive potential sustainable fuel 111:150 an impressive potential sustainable fuel 111:150 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 2 52 theme cellopentaose 465:477 arg1 degradation 435:445 efficient degradation 425:445 efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 425:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 8 53 theme efficient 1659:1667 arg1 hydrolysis 1679:1688 efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1659:1688 efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1659:1688 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 29131232 6 54 theme nanofiber 1211:1219 arg1 structures 1221:1230 nanofiber structures 1211:1230 nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate 1211:1324 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 5 55 from difference 977:986 arg1 enzymes 1041:1047 these artificially designed enzymes 1013:1047 these artificially designed enzymes 1013:1047 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 55 from difference 977:986 arg1 mechanism 1000:1008 activity mechanism 991:1008 activity mechanism 991:1008 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 56 theme atomic 807:812 arg1 microscopy 820:829 atomic force microscopy 807:829 atomic force microscopy 807:829 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 6 57 theme steric 1285:1290 arg1 peptides 1235:1242 peptides 1235:1242 peptides 1235:1242 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 6 57 theme steric 1285:1290 arg1 hindrance 1292:1300 less steric hindrance 1280:1300 less steric hindrance to access the substrate 1280:1324 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 7 58 theme essential 1482:1490 arg1 step 1492:1495 an essential step 1479:1495 an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis 1479:1519 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 7 58 theme essential 1482:1490 arg1 microenvironment 1429:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 a hydrophobic microenvironment 1415:1444 More importantly, GO not only served as a platform for attaching PNFs, but also created a hydrophobic microenvironment and facilitated proton transfer, an essential step in catalytic hydrolysis, thus enhancing catalytic activity. 29131232 2 59 theme hybrid 339:344 arg1 hydrogels 346:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels 290:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 59 theme hybrid 339:344 arg1 hydrolase 396:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase 383:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 383:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 59 theme hybrid 339:344 arg1 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 4 60 theme hydrolysis 752:761 arg1 activity 763:770 the highest hydrolysis activity 740:770 the highest hydrolysis activity 740:770 Among these materials, GO-PNFs showed the highest hydrolysis activity. 29131232 1 61 theme tight 243:247 arg1 network 266:272 the tight hydrogen bonding network 239:272 the tight hydrogen bonding network 239:272 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 6 62 theme peptides 1235:1242 arg1 structures 1221:1230 nanofiber structures 1211:1230 nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate 1211:1324 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 3 63 theme hydrolase 652:660 arg1 peptides 501:508 free peptides 496:508 free peptides 496:508 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 63 theme hydrolase 652:660 arg1 mimetics 662:669 a hydrolase mimetics 650:669 a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose 650:699 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 63 theme hydrolase 652:660 arg1 nanofibers 592:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers 569:601 self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) 569:608 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 3 63 theme hydrolase 652:660 arg1 oxide 520:524 graphene oxide 511:524 graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) 511:563 For comparison, free peptides, graphene oxide mixed with free peptides (GO-peptdies) and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) were also studied for their activity as a hydrolase mimetics for degradation of cellobiose. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 analysis 845:852 fluorescence analysis 832:852 fluorescence analysis 832:852 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 diffraction 896:906 X-ray diffraction 890:906 X-ray diffraction 890:906 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 modeling 941:948 computational modeling 927:948 computational modeling 927:948 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 microscopy 795:804 Transmission electron microscopy 773:804 Transmission electron microscopy 773:804 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 spectroscopies 874:887 circular dichroism spectroscopies 855:887 circular dichroism spectroscopies 855:887 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 microscopy 820:829 atomic force microscopy 807:829 atomic force microscopy 807:829 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 64 used used 955:958 arg2 spectra 915:921 Raman spectra 909:921 Raman spectra 909:921 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 2 65 theme nanofiber 329:337 arg1 hydrogels 346:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels 290:354 homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) 290:364 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 65 theme nanofiber 329:337 arg1 hydrolase 396:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase 383:404 a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose 383:477 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 2 65 theme nanofiber 329:337 arg1 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 GO-PNFs 357:363 In this study, homogenous graphene oxide (GO)-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were designed as a β-glycosyl hydrolase mimetic to achieve efficient degradation of cellobiose and cellopentaose. 29131232 1 66 theme hydrogen 249:256 arg1 network 266:272 the tight hydrogen bonding network 239:272 the tight hydrogen bonding network 239:272 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 6 67 theme high 1086:1089 arg1 performance 1101:1111 high catalytic performance 1086:1111 high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis 1086:1169 These investigations suggested that high catalytic performance of GO-PNFs toward cellobiose and cellopentaose hydrolysis could be attributed to the formation of nanofiber structures of peptides, optimal molecular conformation and less steric hindrance to access the substrate. 29131232 1 68 theme β-1,4-glycosidic 208:223 arg1 bonds 225:229 β-1,4-glycosidic bonds 208:229 β-1,4-glycosidic bonds 208:229 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 5 69 theme Raman 909:913 arg1 spectra 915:921 Raman spectra 909:921 Raman spectra 909:921 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 5 70 theme X-ray 890:894 arg1 diffraction 896:906 X-ray diffraction 890:906 X-ray diffraction 890:906 Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and computational modeling were used to interpret the difference in activity mechanism in these artificially designed enzymes. 29131232 1 71 theme bonding 258:264 arg1 network 266:272 the tight hydrogen bonding network 239:272 the tight hydrogen bonding network 239:272 Cellulose, an impressive potential sustainable fuel, is difficult to hydrolyze because of the protection of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds through the tight hydrogen bonding network. 29131232 0 72 theme polysaccharide 74:87 arg1 hydrolase 89:97 biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase 63:97 biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase 63:97 Homogenous graphene oxide-peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogel as biomimetic polysaccharide hydrolase. 29131232 8 73 theme cellulose 1669:1677 arg1 hydrolysis 1679:1688 efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1659:1688 efficient cellulose hydrolysis 1659:1688 All these provided insights into the potential use of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes in efficient cellulose hydrolysis. 26093517 0 0 theme Archaeoglobus 100:112 arg1 fulgidus 114:121 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 100:121 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 100:121 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 2 1 link lipid-linked 356:367 arg1 LLO 387:389 LLO 387:389 LLO 387:389 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 2 1 link lipid-linked 356:367 arg1 oligosaccharides 369:384 lipid-linked oligosaccharides 356:384 lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) 356:390 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 7 2 theme culture 1143:1149 arg1 conditions 1151:1160 our cell culture conditions 1134:1160 our cell culture conditions 1134:1160 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 10 3 theme peak 1509:1512 arg1 analysis 1482:1489 The MS analysis 1475:1489 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1475:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 6 4 theme mannose 938:944 arg1 residues 946:953 the mannose residues 934:953 the mannose residues 934:953 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 0 5 from elucidation 11:21 arg1 archaeon 90:97 the hyperthermophilic archaeon 68:97 the hyperthermophilic archaeon 68:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 2 6 from oligosaccharides 369:384 arg1 transfer 314:321 the transfer 310:321 the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins 310:425 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 7 7 dep paralogs 1196:1203 arg1 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 7 dep paralogs 1196:1203 arg1 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 7 dep paralogs 1196:1203 arg1 paralogs 1196:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs 1169:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) 1169:1229 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 11 8 theme A. fulgidus 1772:1782 arg1 system 1762:1767 the N-glycosylation system 1742:1767 the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus 1742:1782 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 4 9 theme peptide 558:564 arg1 addition 544:551 The addition 540:551 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon 540:600 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 11 10 theme N-glycosylation 1746:1760 arg1 system 1762:1767 the N-glycosylation system 1742:1767 the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus 1742:1782 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 10 11 theme sulfate 1589:1595 arg1 modification 1597:1608 an optional sulfate modification 1577:1608 an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue 1577:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 7 12 theme cell 1138:1141 arg1 conditions 1151:1160 our cell culture conditions 1134:1160 our cell culture conditions 1134:1160 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 2 13 theme lipid-linked 356:367 arg1 LLO 387:389 LLO 387:389 LLO 387:389 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 2 13 theme lipid-linked 356:367 arg1 oligosaccharides 369:384 lipid-linked oligosaccharides 356:384 lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) 356:390 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 10 14 theme products 1554:1561 arg1 peak 1509:1512 the minor HPLC peak 1494:1512 the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1494:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 4 15 contain containing 566:575 arg1 peptide 558:564 a peptide 556:564 a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon 556:600 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 4 15 contain containing 566:575 arg2 sequon 595:600 the glycosylation sequon 577:600 the glycosylation sequon 577:600 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 5 16 theme NMR 696:698 arg1 analysis 700:707 the NMR analysis 692:707 the NMR analysis 692:707 To facilitate the NMR analysis, the cells were grown in rich medium supplemented with (13)C-glucose, to label the LLOs metabolically. 26093517 6 17 theme glycopeptide 835:846 arg1 analysis 819:826 The MS analysis 812:826 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide 812:846 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 4 18 attach attached 634:641 arg2 chains 627:632 oligosaccharide chains 611:632 oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide 611:675 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 4 18 attach attached 634:641 arg1 peptide 669:675 a structurally defined peptide 646:675 a structurally defined peptide 646:675 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 8 19 theme oligosaccharide 1251:1265 arg1 product 1304:1310 the product 1300:1310 the product of AfAglB-L 1300:1322 Thus, the oligosaccharide chain analyzed in this study was the product of AfAglB-L. 26093517 8 19 theme oligosaccharide 1251:1265 arg1 chain 1267:1271 the oligosaccharide chain 1247:1271 the oligosaccharide chain analyzed in this study 1247:1294 Thus, the oligosaccharide chain analyzed in this study was the product of AfAglB-L. 26093517 3 20 theme A. fulgidus 496:506 arg1 cells 508:512 cultured A. fulgidus cells 487:512 cultured A. fulgidus cells 487:512 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 4 21 theme defined 661:667 arg1 peptide 669:675 a structurally defined peptide 646:675 a structurally defined peptide 646:675 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 0 22 dep fulgidus 114:121 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 0:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 7 23 theme AglB 1191:1194 arg1 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 23 theme AglB 1191:1194 arg1 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 23 theme AglB 1191:1194 arg1 paralogs 1196:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs 1169:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) 1169:1229 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 9 24 link α1,3-linked 1389:1399 arg1 residue 1424:1430 an optional residue 1412:1430 an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue 1412:1472 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 9 24 link α1,3-linked 1389:1399 arg1 glucose 1401:1407 The α1,3-linked glucose 1385:1407 The α1,3-linked glucose 1385:1407 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 1 25 theme paralogous 209:218 arg1 proteins 275:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 25 theme paralogous 209:218 arg1 genes 225:229 three paralogous AglB genes 203:229 three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 203:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 0:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 10 27 theme Asn 1656:1658 arg1 residue 1660:1666 the Asn residue 1652:1666 the Asn residue 1652:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 6 28 dep % 994:994 arg1 20 992:993 20 992:993 20 992:993 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 2 29 from residues 406:413 arg1 proteins 418:425 proteins 418:425 proteins 418:425 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 2 30 theme chain 345:349 arg1 transfer 314:321 the transfer 310:321 the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins 310:425 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 1 31 theme AglB 220:223 arg1 proteins 275:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 31 theme AglB 220:223 arg1 genes 225:229 three paralogous AglB genes 203:229 three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 203:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 10 32 theme optional 1580:1587 arg1 modification 1597:1608 an optional sulfate modification 1577:1608 an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue 1577:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 4 33 theme oligosaccharide 611:625 arg1 chains 627:632 oligosaccharide chains 611:632 oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide 611:675 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 0 34 link asparagine-linked 29:45 arg1 oligosaccharide 47:61 an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide 26:61 an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 26:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 2 35 theme oligosaccharide 329:343 arg1 chain 345:349 an oligosaccharide chain 326:349 an oligosaccharide chain 326:349 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 9 36 theme distal 1451:1456 arg1 residue 1466:1472 the distal mannose residue 1447:1472 the distal mannose residue 1447:1472 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 7 37 theme shorter 1183:1189 arg1 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 37 theme shorter 1183:1189 arg1 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 37 theme shorter 1183:1189 arg1 paralogs 1196:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs 1169:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) 1169:1229 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 10 38 from modification 1597:1608 arg1 residue 1625:1631 the glucose residue 1613:1631 the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue 1613:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 10 39 theme in vitro 1521:1528 arg1 products 1554:1561 the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1517:1561 the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1517:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 9 40 theme optional 1415:1422 arg1 residue 1424:1430 an optional residue 1412:1430 an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue 1412:1472 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 9 40 theme optional 1415:1422 arg1 glucose 1401:1407 The α1,3-linked glucose 1385:1407 The α1,3-linked glucose 1385:1407 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 9 41 theme mannose 1458:1464 arg1 residue 1466:1472 the distal mannose residue 1447:1472 the distal mannose residue 1447:1472 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 0 42 theme oligosaccharide 47:61 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 0:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 10 43 theme MS 1479:1480 arg1 analysis 1482:1489 The MS analysis 1475:1489 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1475:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 3 44 contain contain 514:520 arg2 LLO 535:537 LLO 535:537 LLO 535:537 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 3 44 contain contain 514:520 arg2 OST 527:529 OST 527:529 OST 527:529 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 3 44 contain contain 514:520 arg1 fractions 463:471 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions 428:471 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells 428:512 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 3 45 theme cultured 487:494 arg1 cells 508:512 cultured A. fulgidus cells 487:512 cultured A. fulgidus cells 487:512 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 0 46 theme asparagine-linked 29:45 arg1 oligosaccharide 47:61 an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide 26:61 an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 26:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 4 47 theme glycosylation 581:593 arg1 sequon 595:600 the glycosylation sequon 577:600 the glycosylation sequon 577:600 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 7 48 theme other 1173:1177 arg1 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 AfAglB-S2 1220:1228 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 48 theme other 1173:1177 arg1 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 AfAglB-S1 1206:1214 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 48 theme other 1173:1177 arg1 paralogs 1196:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs 1169:1203 the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) 1169:1229 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 0 49 from archaeon 90:97 arg1 oligosaccharide 47:61 an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide 26:61 an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 26:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 0 49 from archaeon 90:97 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon 0:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 1 50 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 243:267 arg1 proteins 275:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 50 theme oligosaccharyltransferase 243:267 arg1 genes 225:229 three paralogous AglB genes 203:229 three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 203:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 3 51 theme detergent-solubilized 432:452 arg1 fractions 463:471 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions 428:471 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells 428:512 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 9 52 theme hexose 1356:1361 arg1 residues 1363:1370 eight hexose residues 1350:1370 eight hexose residues 1350:1370 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 5 53 theme rich 734:737 arg1 medium 739:744 rich medium 734:744 rich medium supplemented with (13)C-glucose 734:776 To facilitate the NMR analysis, the cells were grown in rich medium supplemented with (13)C-glucose, to label the LLOs metabolically. 26093517 1 54 contain contains 194:201 arg2 proteins 275:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 243:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 54 contain contains 194:201 arg1 fulgidus 184:191 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 170:191 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 170:191 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 54 contain contains 194:201 arg2 genes 225:229 three paralogous AglB genes 203:229 three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins 203:282 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 54 contain contains 194:201 arg1 genome 128:133 The genome 124:133 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon 124:167 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 7 55 theme longest 1056:1062 arg1 AfAglB-L 1078:1085 AfAglB-L 1078:1085 AfAglB-L 1078:1085 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 55 theme longest 1056:1062 arg1 paralog 1069:1075 the longest AglB paralog 1052:1075 the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) 1052:1086 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 10 56 attach linked 1642:1647 arg2 residue 1625:1631 the glucose residue 1613:1631 the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue 1613:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 10 56 attach linked 1642:1647 arg1 residue 1660:1666 the Asn residue 1652:1666 the Asn residue 1652:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 3 57 theme membrane 454:461 arg1 fractions 463:471 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions 428:471 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells 428:512 The detergent-solubilized membrane fractions prepared from cultured A. fulgidus cells contain both OST and LLO. 26093517 6 58 gly glycopeptide 835:846 arg2 glycopeptide 835:846 the glycopeptide 831:846 the glycopeptide 831:846 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 10 59 theme HPLC 1504:1507 arg1 peak 1509:1512 the minor HPLC peak 1494:1512 the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1494:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 11 60 theme structural 1705:1714 arg1 studies 1731:1737 structural and functional studies 1705:1737 structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus 1705:1782 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 1 61 theme Archaeoglobus 170:182 arg1 fulgidus 184:191 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 170:191 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 170:191 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 61 theme Archaeoglobus 170:182 arg1 genome 128:133 The genome 124:133 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon 124:167 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 10 62 theme transfer 1545:1552 arg1 products 1554:1561 the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1517:1561 the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1517:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 6 63 theme MS 816:817 arg1 analysis 819:826 The MS analysis 812:826 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide 812:846 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 7 64 theme AglB 1064:1067 arg1 AfAglB-L 1078:1085 AfAglB-L 1078:1085 AfAglB-L 1078:1085 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 7 64 theme AglB 1064:1067 arg1 paralog 1069:1075 the longest AglB paralog 1052:1075 the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) 1052:1086 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 6 65 theme galactose 878:886 arg1 C-labeled 919:927 C-labeled 919:927 C-labeled 919:927 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 6 65 theme galactose 878:886 arg1 residues 888:895 the glucose and galactose residues 862:895 residues 888:895 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 1 66 theme hyperthermophilic 142:158 arg1 archaeon 160:167 the hyperthermophilic archaeon 138:167 the hyperthermophilic archaeon 138:167 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 10 67 theme minor 1498:1502 arg1 peak 1509:1512 the minor HPLC peak 1494:1512 the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1494:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 11 68 theme system 1762:1767 arg1 studies 1731:1737 structural and functional studies 1705:1737 structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus 1705:1782 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 6 69 dep efficiency 996:1005 arg1 % 994:994 % 994:994 % 994:994 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 2 70 theme OST 289:291 arg1 enzymes 293:299 The OST enzymes 285:299 The OST enzymes 285:299 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 7 71 theme immunodetection 1011:1025 arg1 experiment 1027:1036 An immunodetection experiment 1008:1036 An immunodetection experiment 1008:1036 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 1 72 theme archaeon 160:167 arg1 fulgidus 184:191 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 170:191 Archaeoglobus fulgidus 170:191 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 1 72 theme archaeon 160:167 arg1 genome 128:133 The genome 124:133 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon 124:167 The genome of the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, contains three paralogous AglB genes that encode oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) proteins. 26093517 7 73 theme membrane 1109:1116 arg1 fractions 1118:1126 the membrane fractions 1105:1126 the membrane fractions 1105:1126 An immunodetection experiment revealed that the longest AglB paralog (AfAglB-L) was expressed in the membrane fractions under our cell culture conditions, while the other two shorter AglB paralogs (AfAglB-S1 and AfAglB-S2) were not. 26093517 10 74 theme oligosaccharyl 1530:1543 arg1 products 1554:1561 the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1517:1561 the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products 1517:1561 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 6 75 theme glucose 866:872 arg1 C-labeled 919:927 C-labeled 919:927 C-labeled 919:927 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 6 75 theme glucose 866:872 arg1 residues 888:895 the glucose and galactose residues 862:895 residues 888:895 The MS analysis of the glycopeptide revealed that the glucose and galactose residues were nearly fully (13)C-labeled, but the mannose residues were fractionally labeled with about 20% efficiency. 26093517 11 76 theme present 1673:1679 arg1 data 1681:1684 The present data 1669:1684 The present data 1669:1684 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 11 76 theme present 1673:1679 arg1 useful 1694:1699 useful 1694:1699 useful 1694:1699 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 4 77 gly glycosylation 581:593 arg2 sequon 595:600 the glycosylation sequon 577:600 the glycosylation sequon 577:600 The addition of a peptide containing the glycosylation sequon produced oligosaccharide chains attached to a structurally defined peptide. 26093517 8 78 theme AfAglB-L 1315:1322 arg1 product 1304:1310 the product 1300:1310 the product of AfAglB-L 1300:1322 Thus, the oligosaccharide chain analyzed in this study was the product of AfAglB-L. 26093517 8 78 theme AfAglB-L 1315:1322 arg1 chain 1267:1271 the oligosaccharide chain 1247:1271 the oligosaccharide chain analyzed in this study 1247:1294 Thus, the oligosaccharide chain analyzed in this study was the product of AfAglB-L. 26093517 11 79 theme functional 1720:1729 arg1 studies 1731:1737 structural and functional studies 1705:1737 structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus 1705:1782 The present data will be useful for structural and functional studies of the N-glycosylation system of A. fulgidus. 26093517 0 80 theme hyperthermophilic 72:88 arg1 archaeon 90:97 the hyperthermophilic archaeon 68:97 the hyperthermophilic archaeon 68:97 Structural elucidation of an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Archaeoglobus fulgidus. 26093517 2 81 theme asparagine 395:404 arg1 residues 406:413 asparagine residues 395:413 asparagine residues in proteins 395:425 The OST enzymes catalyze the transfer of an oligosaccharide chain from lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO) to asparagine residues in proteins. 26093517 10 82 theme glucose 1617:1623 arg1 residue 1625:1631 the glucose residue 1613:1631 the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue 1613:1666 The MS analysis of the minor HPLC peak of the in vitro oligosaccharyl transfer products also revealed an optional sulfate modification on the glucose residue directly linked to the Asn residue. 26093517 9 83 theme α1,3-linked 1389:1399 arg1 residue 1424:1430 an optional residue 1412:1430 an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue 1412:1472 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26093517 9 83 theme α1,3-linked 1389:1399 arg1 glucose 1401:1407 The α1,3-linked glucose 1385:1407 The α1,3-linked glucose 1385:1407 The N-glycan consists of eight hexose residues, as follows: The α1,3-linked glucose is an optional residue branching from the distal mannose residue. 26655437 8 0 theme placental 1162:1170 arg1 membranes 1172:1180 placental membranes 1162:1180 placental membranes 1162:1180 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 5 1 theme structures 699:708 arg1 appearance 654:663 the appearance 650:663 the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures 650:708 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 5 2 theme mannose 794:800 arg1 residues 802:809 more mannose residues 789:809 more mannose residues 789:809 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 5 3 theme paucimannosidic 668:682 arg1 structures 699:708 paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures 668:708 structures 699:708 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 9 4 located found 1426:1430 arg1 IGF1R 1464:1468 IGF1R 1464:1468 IGF1R 1464:1468 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 26655437 9 4 located found 1426:1430 arg1 molecule 1454:1461 another homologous molecule 1435:1461 another homologous molecule (IGF1R) 1435:1469 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 26655437 9 4 located found 1426:1430 arg2 difference 1351:1360 The difference 1347:1360 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) 1347:1416 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 26655437 6 5 dep receptor 1026:1033 arg1 IGF1R 1043:1047 IGF1R 1043:1047 IGF1R 1043:1047 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 5 dep receptor 1026:1033 arg1 IR 1036:1037 IR 1036:1037 IR 1036:1037 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 3 6 theme foetal 380:385 arg1 IUGR 407:410 IUGR 407:410 IUGR 407:410 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 3 6 theme foetal 380:385 arg1 restriction 394:404 foetal growth restriction 380:404 foetal growth restriction (IUGR) 380:411 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 6 7 theme responsible 943:953 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 7 theme responsible 943:953 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 7 theme responsible 943:953 arg1 receptor 975:982 insulin receptor 967:982 insulin receptor 967:982 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 7 8 theme less 1125:1128 arg1 α2,6-Sia 1130:1137 significantly less α2,6-Sia 1111:1137 significantly less α2,6-Sia 1111:1137 It was found that IR present in the IUGR placenta contained significantly less α2,6-Sia. 26655437 8 9 from changes 1289:1295 arg1 different 1270:1278 different 1270:1278 different 1270:1278 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 1 10 theme Posttranslational 62:78 arg1 PTM 95:97 PTM 95:97 PTM 95:97 Posttranslational modifications (PTM) which accompany pathological conditions affect protein structure, characteristics and modulate its activity. 26655437 1 10 theme Posttranslational 62:78 arg1 modifications 80:92 Posttranslational modifications 62:92 Posttranslational modifications (PTM) which accompany pathological conditions 62:138 Posttranslational modifications (PTM) which accompany pathological conditions affect protein structure, characteristics and modulate its activity. 26655437 3 11 theme growth 387:392 arg1 IUGR 407:410 IUGR 407:410 IUGR 407:410 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 3 11 theme growth 387:392 arg1 restriction 394:404 foetal growth restriction 380:404 foetal growth restriction (IUGR) 380:411 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 5 12 theme mannosidic 688:697 arg1 structures 699:708 paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures 668:708 structures 699:708 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 5 13 theme placental 621:629 arg1 glycans 631:637 placental glycans 621:637 placental glycans 621:637 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 8 14 theme specific 1324:1331 arg1 glycoprotein 1333:1344 a specific glycoprotein 1322:1344 a specific glycoprotein 1322:1344 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 6 15 theme factor 1019:1024 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 15 theme factor 1019:1024 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 10 16 theme placental 1535:1543 arg1 membrane 1545:1552 the entire placental membrane 1524:1552 the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia 1524:1572 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 6 17 theme membrane 924:931 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 17 theme membrane 924:931 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 17 theme membrane 924:931 arg1 receptor 975:982 insulin receptor 967:982 insulin receptor 967:982 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 4 18 from impact 482:487 arg1 N-glycome 549:557 placental membrane N-glycome 530:557 placental membrane N-glycome 530:557 In this work we focused on the impact of preeclampsia complicated with IUGR on placental membrane N-glycome. 26655437 5 19 theme glycans 631:637 arg1 fucosylation 605:616 fucosylation 605:616 fucosylation of placental glycans 605:637 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 2 20 theme function 301:308 arg1 one 226:228 one 226:228 one 226:228 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 20 theme function 301:308 arg1 localisation 284:295 localisation 284:295 localisation 284:295 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 20 theme function 301:308 arg1 function 301:308 function 301:308 function 301:308 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 20 theme function 301:308 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 10 21 theme interest 1626:1633 arg1 glycoprotein 1610:1621 glycoprotein 1610:1621 glycoprotein of interest 1610:1633 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 10 22 theme entire 1528:1533 arg1 membrane 1545:1552 the entire placental membrane 1524:1552 the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia 1524:1572 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 6 23 theme functional 913:922 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 23 theme functional 913:922 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 23 theme functional 913:922 arg1 receptor 975:982 insulin receptor 967:982 insulin receptor 967:982 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 10 24 theme membrane 1545:1552 arg1 pattern 1513:1519 the glycosylation pattern 1495:1519 the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia 1495:1572 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 10 25 theme glycosylation 1499:1511 arg1 pattern 1513:1519 the glycosylation pattern 1495:1519 the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia 1495:1572 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 7 26 theme IUGR 1087:1090 arg1 placenta 1092:1099 the IUGR placenta 1083:1099 the IUGR placenta 1083:1099 It was found that IR present in the IUGR placenta contained significantly less α2,6-Sia. 26655437 8 27 theme N-glycome 1253:1261 arg1 level 1233:1237 the level 1229:1237 the level of the entire N-glycome 1229:1261 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 7 28 theme IR 1069:1070 arg1 present 1072:1078 IR present 1069:1078 IR present in the IUGR placenta 1069:1099 It was found that IR present in the IUGR placenta contained significantly less α2,6-Sia. 26655437 6 29 theme growth 1012:1017 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 29 theme growth 1012:1017 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 3 30 theme maternal 435:442 arg1 death 444:448 foetal or maternal death 425:448 foetal or maternal death 425:448 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 6 31 theme insulin-like 999:1010 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 31 theme insulin-like 999:1010 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 10 32 theme general 1642:1648 arg1 assumptions 1650:1660 no general assumptions 1639:1660 no general assumptions 1639:1660 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 0 33 theme membrane 24:31 arg1 N-glycome 33:41 membrane N-glycome 24:41 membrane N-glycome 24:41 Preeclampsia transforms membrane N-glycome in human placenta. 26655437 5 34 theme mannose 731:737 arg1 residues 739:746 mannose residues 731:746 mannose residues 731:746 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 1 35 theme pathological 116:127 arg1 conditions 129:138 pathological conditions 116:138 pathological conditions 116:138 Posttranslational modifications (PTM) which accompany pathological conditions affect protein structure, characteristics and modulate its activity. 26655437 9 36 theme homologous 1443:1452 arg1 IGF1R 1464:1468 IGF1R 1464:1468 IGF1R 1464:1468 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 26655437 9 36 theme homologous 1443:1452 arg1 molecule 1454:1461 another homologous molecule 1435:1461 another homologous molecule (IGF1R) 1435:1469 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 26655437 0 37 theme human 46:50 arg1 placenta 52:59 human placenta 46:59 human placenta 46:59 Preeclampsia transforms membrane N-glycome in human placenta. 26655437 6 38 theme type 992:995 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 38 theme type 992:995 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 5 39 theme residues 739:746 arg1 number 721:726 lower number 715:726 lower number of mannose residues 715:746 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 2 40 theme influencing 255:265 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 8 41 theme entire 1246:1251 arg1 N-glycome 1253:1261 the entire N-glycome 1242:1261 the entire N-glycome 1242:1261 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 3 42 theme foetal 425:430 arg1 death 444:448 foetal or maternal death 425:448 foetal or maternal death 425:448 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 7 43 from present 1072:1078 arg1 placenta 1092:1099 the IUGR placenta 1083:1099 the IUGR placenta 1083:1099 It was found that IR present in the IUGR placenta contained significantly less α2,6-Sia. 26655437 8 44 from glycans 1151:1157 arg1 membranes 1172:1180 placental membranes 1162:1180 placental membranes 1162:1180 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 2 45 theme PTM 251:253 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 6 46 theme insulin 967:973 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 46 theme insulin 967:973 arg1 receptor 975:982 insulin receptor 967:982 insulin receptor 967:982 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 3 47 theme common 329:334 arg1 complication 348:359 a common gestational complication 327:359 a common gestational complication 327:359 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 3 47 theme common 329:334 arg1 Hypertension 311:322 Hypertension 311:322 Hypertension 311:322 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 8 48 gly glycoprotein 1333:1344 arg1 glycoprotein 1333:1344 a specific glycoprotein 1322:1344 a specific glycoprotein 1322:1344 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 2 49 theme frequent 242:249 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 4 50 theme membrane 540:547 arg1 N-glycome 549:557 placental membrane N-glycome 530:557 placental membrane N-glycome 530:557 In this work we focused on the impact of preeclampsia complicated with IUGR on placental membrane N-glycome. 26655437 3 51 theme gestational 336:346 arg1 complication 348:359 a common gestational complication 327:359 a common gestational complication 327:359 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 3 51 theme gestational 336:346 arg1 Hypertension 311:322 Hypertension 311:322 Hypertension 311:322 Hypertension is a common gestational complication, which can lead to foetal growth restriction (IUGR) and even to foetal or maternal death. 26655437 4 52 theme placental 530:538 arg1 N-glycome 549:557 placental membrane N-glycome 530:557 placental membrane N-glycome 530:557 In this work we focused on the impact of preeclampsia complicated with IUGR on placental membrane N-glycome. 26655437 5 53 theme lower 715:719 arg1 number 721:726 lower number 715:726 lower number of mannose residues 715:746 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 6 54 theme glycosylation 861:873 arg1 changes 875:881 glycosylation changes 861:881 glycosylation changes 861:881 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 2 55 theme localisation 284:295 arg1 one 226:228 one 226:228 one 226:228 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 55 theme localisation 284:295 arg1 localisation 284:295 localisation 284:295 localisation 284:295 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 55 theme localisation 284:295 arg1 function 301:308 function 301:308 function 301:308 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 55 theme localisation 284:295 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 1 56 theme protein 147:153 arg1 characteristics 166:180 characteristics 166:180 characteristics 166:180 Posttranslational modifications (PTM) which accompany pathological conditions affect protein structure, characteristics and modulate its activity. 26655437 1 56 theme protein 147:153 arg1 structure 155:163 protein structure 147:163 protein structure 147:163 Posttranslational modifications (PTM) which accompany pathological conditions affect protein structure, characteristics and modulate its activity. 26655437 8 57 theme glycoprotein 1333:1344 arg1 level 1313:1317 the level 1309:1317 the level of a specific glycoprotein 1309:1344 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 5 58 gly fucosylation 605:616 arg1 glycans 631:637 placental glycans 621:637 placental glycans 621:637 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 5 59 theme glycans 776:782 arg1 amount 766:771 the amount 762:771 the amount of glycans 762:782 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 5 59 theme glycans 776:782 arg1 glycans 776:782 glycans 776:782 glycans 776:782 Results have shown that preeclampsia reduced fucosylation of placental glycans, increased the appearance of paucimannosidic and mannosidic structures with lower number of mannose residues and decreased the amount of glycans with more mannose residues. 26655437 10 60 gly glycoprotein 1610:1621 arg1 glycoprotein 1610:1621 glycoprotein 1610:1621 glycoprotein of interest 1610:1633 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 2 61 theme folding 275:281 arg1 one 226:228 one 226:228 one 226:228 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 61 theme folding 275:281 arg1 localisation 284:295 localisation 284:295 localisation 284:295 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 61 theme folding 275:281 arg1 function 301:308 function 301:308 function 301:308 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 2 61 theme folding 275:281 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 8 62 located detected 1297:1304 arg1 level 1313:1317 the level 1309:1317 the level of a specific glycoprotein 1309:1344 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 8 62 located detected 1297:1304 arg2 changes 1289:1295 the changes 1285:1295 the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein 1285:1344 Therefore, glycans on placental membranes alter due to preeclampsia, but changes seen at the level of the entire N-glycome may be different from the changes detected at the level of a specific glycoprotein. 26655437 7 63 contain contained 1101:1109 arg1 present 1072:1078 IR present 1069:1078 IR present in the IUGR placenta 1069:1099 It was found that IR present in the IUGR placenta contained significantly less α2,6-Sia. 26655437 7 63 contain contained 1101:1109 arg2 α2,6-Sia 1130:1137 significantly less α2,6-Sia 1111:1137 significantly less α2,6-Sia 1111:1137 It was found that IR present in the IUGR placenta contained significantly less α2,6-Sia. 26655437 6 64 dep receptors 933:941 arg1 receptors 933:941 the functional membrane receptors 909:941 the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 909:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 64 dep receptors 933:941 arg1 receptor 1026:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor 988:1033 the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R) 988:1048 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 6 64 dep receptors 933:941 arg1 receptor 975:982 insulin receptor 967:982 insulin receptor 967:982 Since preeclampsia is tightly connected to IUGR, glycosylation changes were investigated also on the functional membrane receptors responsible for growth: insulin receptor and the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IR and IGF1R). 26655437 4 65 theme preeclampsia 492:503 arg1 impact 482:487 the impact 478:487 the impact of preeclampsia complicated with IUGR on placental membrane N-glycome 478:557 In this work we focused on the impact of preeclampsia complicated with IUGR on placental membrane N-glycome. 26655437 2 66 theme protein 267:273 arg1 folding 275:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding 233:281 Glycosylation is one of the most frequent PTM influencing protein folding, localisation and function. 26655437 10 67 gly glycosylation 1499:1511 arg1 membrane 1545:1552 the entire placental membrane 1524:1552 the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia 1524:1572 Thus, besides studying the glycosylation pattern of the entire placental membrane due to preeclampsia, it is inevitable to study directly glycoprotein of interest, as no general assumptions or extrapolations can be made. 26655437 9 68 theme membrane 1395:1402 arg1 IR 1414:1415 IR 1414:1415 IR 1414:1415 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 26655437 9 68 theme membrane 1395:1402 arg1 molecule 1404:1411 one membrane molecule 1391:1411 one membrane molecule (IR) 1391:1416 The difference recorded due to pathology in one membrane molecule (IR) was not found in another homologous molecule (IGF1R). 28464820 2 0 dep activities 563:572 arg1 essential 664:672 essential 664:672 essential 664:672 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 6 1 theme K 1087:1087 arg1 m 1089:1089 K m 1087:1089 K m 1087:1089 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 10 2 with glucoamylase 1535:1546 arg1 structure 1564:1572 the solved structure 1553:1572 the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase 1553:1610 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 1 3 theme ambient 254:260 arg1 temperature 262:272 ambient temperature 254:272 ambient temperature 254:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 1 4 theme various 111:117 arg1 processes 130:138 various industrial processes 111:138 various industrial processes 111:138 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 12 5 theme cold-adapted 1796:1807 arg1 enzyme 1809:1814 a novel cold-adapted enzyme 1788:1814 a novel cold-adapted enzyme 1788:1814 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 10 6 dep jecorina 1590:1597 arg1 glucoamylase 1599:1610 glucoamylase 1599:1610 the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase 1577:1610 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 5 7 theme parameters 878:887 arg1 effects 851:857 The effects 847:857 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity 839:906 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 2 8 theme new 603:605 arg1 amylases 607:614 isolating new amylases 593:614 isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature 593:659 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 5 9 theme enzyme 892:897 arg1 activity 899:906 enzyme activity 892:906 enzyme activity 892:906 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 2 10 theme Aspergillus 524:534 arg1 strains 536:542 Aspergillus strains 524:542 Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes 524:707 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 10 11 from sp 1724:1725 arg1 lability 1677:1684 the thermal lability 1665:1684 the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp 1665:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 10 11 from sp 1724:1725 arg1 glucoamylase 1693:1704 the glucoamylase 1689:1704 the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp 1689:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 10 12 theme jecorina 1590:1597 arg1 structure 1564:1572 the solved structure 1553:1572 the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase 1553:1610 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 2 13 theme most 290:293 arg1 amylases 295:302 most amylases 290:302 most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi 290:347 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 9 14 theme model 1494:1498 arg1 Comparison 1465:1474 Comparison 1465:1474 Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp 1465:1532 Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp. 28464820 8 15 theme potential 1427:1435 arg1 gene 1459:1462 the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1423:1462 the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1423:1462 Transcription levels were highest in medium supplemented with soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene. 28464820 3 16 theme yeast 770:774 arg1 sp 789:790 the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp 753:790 the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp 753:790 In this report, a glucoamylase secreted by the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp. 28464820 5 17 from effects 851:857 arg1 activity 899:906 enzyme activity 892:906 enzyme activity 892:906 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 8 18 theme encoding 1450:1457 arg1 gene 1459:1462 the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1423:1462 the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1423:1462 Transcription levels were highest in medium supplemented with soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene. 28464820 10 19 theme structural 1628:1637 arg1 features 1639:1646 unique structural features 1621:1646 unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp 1621:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 1 20 theme industrial 119:128 arg1 processes 130:138 various industrial processes 111:138 various industrial processes 111:138 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 1 21 theme key 146:148 arg1 requirement 150:160 a key requirement 144:160 a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes 144:198 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 1 21 theme key 146:148 arg1 use 207:209 the use 203:209 the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature 203:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 11 22 theme Tetracladium 1768:1779 arg1 sp 1781:1782 Tetracladium sp 1768:1782 Tetracladium sp 1768:1782 CONCLUSION The glucoamylase secreted by Tetracladium sp. 28464820 0 23 theme fungal 58:63 arg1 glucoamylase 65:76 fungal glucoamylase 58:76 fungal glucoamylase 58:76 Purification and characterization of a novel cold adapted fungal glucoamylase. 28464820 9 24 theme Tetracladium 1518:1529 arg1 sp 1531:1532 the identified Tetracladium sp 1503:1532 the identified Tetracladium sp 1503:1532 Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp. 28464820 6 25 theme optimal 1017:1023 arg1 30 °C 1061:1065 30 °C 1061:1065 30 °C 1061:1065 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 6 25 theme optimal 1017:1023 arg1 conditions 1025:1034 The optimal conditions 1013:1034 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity 1013:1054 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 2 26 theme amylase 467:473 arg1 glucoamylases 442:454 the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases 408:454 the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases 408:454 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 26 theme amylase 467:473 arg1 type 459:462 a type 457:462 a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose 457:505 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 7 27 theme glucoamylase 1196:1207 arg1 genes 1218:1222 glucoamylase encoding genes 1196:1222 glucoamylase encoding genes 1196:1222 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 12 28 theme biofuel 1945:1951 arg1 production 1953:1962 biofuel production 1945:1962 biofuel production 1945:1962 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 2 29 contain have 349:352 arg1 amylases 295:302 most amylases 290:302 most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi 290:347 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 29 contain have 349:352 arg2 activity 362:369 optimal activity 354:369 optimal activity 354:369 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 30 theme optimal 621:627 arg1 activity 629:636 optimal activity 621:636 optimal activity 621:636 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 1 31 theme BACKGROUND 79:88 arg1 Amylases 90:97 BACKGROUND Amylases 79:97 BACKGROUND Amylases 79:97 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 7 32 theme carbon 1313:1318 arg1 source 1320:1325 the sole carbon source 1304:1325 the sole carbon source 1304:1325 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 7 32 theme carbon 1313:1318 arg1 starch 1294:1299 starch 1294:1299 starch 1294:1299 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 7 32 theme carbon 1313:1318 arg1 glucose 1275:1281 glucose 1275:1281 glucose 1275:1281 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 2 33 theme industrial 431:440 arg1 glucoamylases 442:454 the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases 408:454 the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases 408:454 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 33 theme industrial 431:440 arg1 type 459:462 a type 457:462 a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose 457:505 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 1 34 with use 207:209 arg1 activity 242:249 high catalytic activity 227:249 high catalytic activity at ambient temperature 227:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 0 35 theme cold 45:48 arg1 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 characterization 17:32 Purification and characterization of a novel cold adapted fungal glucoamylase. 28464820 0 35 theme cold 45:48 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and characterization of a novel cold adapted fungal glucoamylase. 28464820 12 36 theme suitable 1861:1868 arg1 enzyme 1854:1859 this enzyme 1849:1859 this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production 1849:1962 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 1 37 used used 103:106 arg2 Amylases 90:97 BACKGROUND Amylases 79:97 BACKGROUND Amylases 79:97 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 7 38 theme transcript 1251:1260 arg1 levels 1262:1267 their transcript levels 1245:1267 their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source 1245:1325 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 10 39 theme solved 1557:1562 arg1 structure 1564:1572 the solved structure 1553:1572 the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase 1553:1610 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 5 40 dep RESULTS 839:845 arg1 effects 851:857 The effects 847:857 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity 839:906 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 2 41 theme optimal 354:360 arg1 activity 362:369 optimal activity 354:369 optimal activity 354:369 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 1 42 theme catalytic 232:240 arg1 activity 242:249 high catalytic activity 227:249 high catalytic activity at ambient temperature 227:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 12 43 theme novel 1790:1794 arg1 enzyme 1809:1814 a novel cold-adapted enzyme 1788:1814 a novel cold-adapted enzyme 1788:1814 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 10 44 theme Hypocrea 1581:1588 arg1 jecorina 1590:1597 the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase 1577:1610 the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase 1577:1610 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 5 45 theme physicochemical 862:876 arg1 parameters 878:887 physicochemical parameters 862:887 physicochemical parameters 862:887 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 10 46 theme unique 1621:1626 arg1 features 1639:1646 unique structural features 1621:1646 unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp 1621:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 1 47 from temperature 262:272 arg1 activity 242:249 high catalytic activity 227:249 high catalytic activity at ambient temperature 227:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 2 48 attach isolated 304:311 arg2 amylases 295:302 most amylases 290:302 most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi 290:347 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 48 attach isolated 304:311 arg1 fungi 343:347 filamentous fungi 331:347 filamentous fungi 331:347 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 48 attach isolated 304:311 arg1 bacteria 318:325 bacteria 318:325 bacteria 318:325 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 49 theme isolating 593:601 arg1 amylases 607:614 isolating new amylases 593:614 isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature 593:659 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 1 50 theme processes 190:198 arg1 efficiency 170:179 the efficiency 166:179 the efficiency of these processes 166:198 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 10 51 from lability 1677:1684 arg1 sp 1724:1725 Tetracladium sp 1711:1725 Tetracladium sp 1711:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 8 52 theme glucoamylase 1437:1448 arg1 gene 1459:1462 the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1423:1462 the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1423:1462 Transcription levels were highest in medium supplemented with soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene. 28464820 2 53 with amylases 607:614 arg1 activity 629:636 optimal activity 621:636 optimal activity 621:636 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 3 54 theme Tetracladium 776:787 arg1 sp 789:790 the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp 753:790 the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp 753:790 In this report, a glucoamylase secreted by the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp. 28464820 9 55 theme structural 1483:1492 arg1 model 1494:1498 the structural model 1479:1498 the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp 1479:1532 Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp. 28464820 12 56 from use 1874:1876 arg1 production 1953:1962 biofuel production 1945:1962 biofuel production 1945:1962 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 12 56 from use 1874:1876 arg1 processes 1892:1900 industrial processes 1881:1900 industrial processes 1881:1900 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 2 57 theme optimal 555:561 arg1 activities 563:572 optimal activities 555:572 optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes 555:707 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 58 theme industrial 688:697 arg1 processes 699:707 industrial processes 688:707 industrial processes 688:707 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 3 59 theme cold-adapted 757:768 arg1 sp 789:790 the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp 753:790 the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp 753:790 In this report, a glucoamylase secreted by the cold-adapted yeast Tetracladium sp. 28464820 6 60 theme enzyme 1040:1045 arg1 activity 1047:1054 enzyme activity 1040:1054 enzyme activity 1040:1054 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 7 61 theme encoding 1209:1216 arg1 genes 1218:1222 glucoamylase encoding genes 1196:1222 glucoamylase encoding genes 1196:1222 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 9 62 theme identified 1507:1516 arg1 sp 1531:1532 the identified Tetracladium sp 1503:1532 the identified Tetracladium sp 1503:1532 Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp. 28464820 2 63 from temperature 649:659 arg1 amylases 607:614 isolating new amylases 593:614 isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature 593:659 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 9 64 theme sp 1531:1532 arg1 model 1494:1498 the structural model 1479:1498 the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp 1479:1532 Comparison of the structural model of the identified Tetracladium sp. 28464820 2 65 theme ambient 641:647 arg1 temperature 649:659 ambient temperature 641:659 ambient temperature 641:659 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 7 66 theme Possible 1176:1183 arg1 amylase 1185:1191 Possible amylase 1176:1191 Possible amylase 1176:1191 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 5 67 theme key 963:965 arg1 factors 967:973 key factors 963:973 key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity 963:1010 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 6 68 theme k 1095:1095 arg1 cat 1097:1099 k cat 1095:1099 k cat 1095:1099 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 7 69 theme sole 1308:1311 arg1 source 1320:1325 the sole carbon source 1304:1325 the sole carbon source 1304:1325 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 7 69 theme sole 1308:1311 arg1 starch 1294:1299 starch 1294:1299 starch 1294:1299 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 7 69 theme sole 1308:1311 arg1 glucose 1275:1281 glucose 1275:1281 glucose 1275:1281 Possible amylase or glucoamylase encoding genes were identified, and their transcript levels using glucose or soluble starch as the sole carbon source were analyzed. 28464820 10 70 theme thermal 1669:1675 arg1 lability 1677:1684 the thermal lability 1665:1684 the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp 1665:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 2 71 theme used 426:429 arg1 glucoamylases 442:454 the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases 408:454 the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases 408:454 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 71 theme used 426:429 arg1 type 459:462 a type 457:462 a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose 457:505 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 2 72 from 45-60 °C. 577:585 arg1 activities 563:572 optimal activities 555:572 optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes 555:707 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 8 73 theme Transcription 1342:1354 arg1 levels 1356:1361 Transcription levels 1342:1361 Transcription levels 1342:1361 Transcription levels were highest in medium supplemented with soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene. 28464820 10 74 theme glucoamylase 1693:1704 arg1 lability 1677:1684 the thermal lability 1665:1684 the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp 1665:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 0 75 theme novel 39:43 arg1 cold 45:48 a novel cold 37:48 a novel cold 37:48 Purification and characterization of a novel cold adapted fungal glucoamylase. 28464820 12 76 theme cold-active 1915:1925 arg1 amylases 1927:1934 cold-active amylases 1915:1934 cold-active amylases 1915:1934 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 6 77 theme soluble 1107:1113 arg1 starch 1115:1120 soluble starch 1107:1120 soluble starch 1107:1120 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 6 78 dep m 1089:1089 arg1 the 1083:1085 the 1083:1085 the 1083:1085 The optimal conditions for enzyme activity were 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the K m and k cat using soluble starch as substrate were 4.5 g/L and 45 min-1, respectively. 28464820 2 79 theme filamentous 331:341 arg1 fungi 343:347 filamentous fungi 331:347 filamentous fungi 331:347 Unfortunately, most amylases isolated from bacteria and filamentous fungi have optimal activity above 45 °C and low pH. For example, the most commonly used industrial glucoamylases, a type of amylase that degrades starch to glucose, are produced by Aspergillus strains displaying optimal activities at 45-60 °C. Thus, isolating new amylases with optimal activity at ambient temperature is essential for improving industrial processes. 28464820 12 80 theme industrial 1881:1890 arg1 production 1953:1962 biofuel production 1945:1962 biofuel production 1945:1962 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 12 80 theme industrial 1881:1890 arg1 processes 1892:1900 industrial processes 1881:1900 industrial processes 1881:1900 is a novel cold-adapted enzyme and its properties should render this enzyme suitable for use in industrial processes that require cold-active amylases, such as biofuel production. 28464820 5 81 theme glucoamylase 990:1001 arg1 activity 1003:1010 the glucoamylase activity 986:1010 the glucoamylase activity 986:1010 RESULTS The effects of physicochemical parameters on enzyme activity were analyzed, and pH and temperature were found to be key factors modulating the glucoamylase activity. 28464820 8 82 theme soluble 1404:1410 arg1 starch 1412:1417 soluble starch 1404:1417 soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene 1404:1462 Transcription levels were highest in medium supplemented with soluble starch for the potential glucoamylase encoding gene. 28464820 10 83 theme Tetracladium 1711:1722 arg1 sp 1724:1725 Tetracladium sp 1711:1725 Tetracladium sp 1711:1725 glucoamylase with the solved structure of the Hypocrea jecorina glucoamylase revealed unique structural features that may explain the thermal lability of the glucoamylase from Tetracladium sp. 28464820 1 84 theme enzymes 214:220 arg1 requirement 150:160 a key requirement 144:160 a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes 144:198 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 1 84 theme enzymes 214:220 arg1 use 207:209 the use 203:209 the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature 203:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 28464820 1 85 theme high 227:230 arg1 activity 242:249 high catalytic activity 227:249 high catalytic activity at ambient temperature 227:272 BACKGROUND Amylases are used in various industrial processes and a key requirement for the efficiency of these processes is the use of enzymes with high catalytic activity at ambient temperature. 27125755 7 0 theme set 1343:1345 arg1 production 1322:1331 the production 1318:1331 the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases 1318:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 8 1 theme other 1659:1663 arg1 polysaccharides 1671:1685 cellulose and other plant polysaccharides 1645:1685 polysaccharides 1671:1685 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 7 2 theme plant 1251:1255 arg1 lignocellulose 1257:1270 plant lignocellulose 1251:1270 plant lignocellulose 1251:1270 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 8 3 theme unexplored 1479:1488 arg1 diversity 1501:1509 the extensive and unexplored structural diversity 1461:1509 diversity 1501:1509 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 8 4 theme bacterial 1606:1614 arg1 taxa 1616:1619 multiple abundant bacterial taxa 1588:1619 multiple abundant bacterial taxa 1588:1619 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 7 5 theme lignocellulose 1257:1270 arg1 cellulose 1295:1303 crystalline cellulose 1283:1303 the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose 1235:1303 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 5 theme lignocellulose 1257:1270 arg1 presence 1239:1246 the presence 1235:1246 the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose 1235:1303 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 4 6 theme enzymatic 728:736 arg1 systems 738:744 complex enzymatic systems 720:744 complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules 720:996 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 8 7 theme taxa 1616:1619 arg1 roles 1579:1583 the roles 1575:1583 the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides 1575:1685 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 8 8 theme polysaccharides 1671:1685 arg1 decomposition 1628:1640 the decomposition 1624:1640 the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides 1624:1685 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 7 9 dep trigger 1310:1316 arg1 both 1305:1308 both 1305:1308 both 1305:1308 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 4 10 theme cellulose 823:831 arg1 degradation 808:818 the degradation 804:818 the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules 804:996 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 8 11 theme cellulolytic 1535:1546 arg1 bacteria 1553:1560 cellulolytic soil bacteria 1535:1560 cellulolytic soil bacteria 1535:1560 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 6 12 theme cellulose 1100:1108 arg1 decomposition 1110:1122 cellulose decomposition 1100:1122 cellulose decomposition 1100:1122 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 7 13 theme wide 1338:1341 arg1 hydrolases 1426:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 13 theme wide 1338:1341 arg1 hemicellulases 1392:1405 hemicellulases 1392:1405 hemicellulases 1392:1405 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 13 theme wide 1338:1341 arg1 cellulases 1380:1389 cellulases 1380:1389 cellulases 1380:1389 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 13 theme wide 1338:1341 arg1 set 1343:1345 a wide set 1336:1345 a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases 1336:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 13 theme wide 1338:1341 arg1 proteins 1361:1368 hydrolytic proteins 1350:1368 hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases 1350:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 8 14 theme structural 1490:1499 arg1 diversity 1501:1509 the extensive and unexplored structural diversity 1461:1509 diversity 1501:1509 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 3 15 from growth 622:627 arg1 cellulose 670:678 microcrystalline cellulose 653:678 microcrystalline cellulose 653:678 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem were sequenced and their proteomes were characterized during the growth on plant biomass and on microcrystalline cellulose. 27125755 3 15 from growth 622:627 arg1 biomass 638:644 plant biomass 632:644 plant biomass 632:644 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem were sequenced and their proteomes were characterized during the growth on plant biomass and on microcrystalline cellulose. 27125755 7 16 theme other 1411:1415 arg1 hydrolases 1426:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 0 17 theme enzymatic 114:122 arg1 systems 124:130 structurally variable enzymatic systems 92:130 structurally variable enzymatic systems 92:130 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 7 18 theme glycosyl 1417:1424 arg1 hydrolases 1426:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 6 19 theme family 1166:1171 arg1 protein 1173:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein 1148:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain 1148:1217 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 4 20 theme hemicellulose 837:849 arg1 degradation 808:818 the degradation 804:818 the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules 804:996 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 0 21 theme variable 105:112 arg1 systems 124:130 structurally variable enzymatic systems 92:130 structurally variable enzymatic systems 92:130 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 4 22 contain containing 746:755 arg2 enzymes 792:798 highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes 757:798 highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes 757:798 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 4 22 contain containing 746:755 arg1 systems 738:744 complex enzymatic systems 720:744 complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules 720:996 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 0 23 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 decomposition 28:40 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition 0:40 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria 0:64 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 6 24 theme cellulose-binding 1194:1210 arg1 domain 1212:1217 a cellulose-binding domain 1192:1217 a cellulose-binding domain 1192:1217 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 2 25 theme oak 451:453 arg1 forest 455:460 a temperate oak forest 439:460 a temperate oak forest 439:460 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 5 26 theme glycosyl 1031:1038 arg1 hydrolases 1040:1049 any glycosyl hydrolases 1027:1049 any glycosyl hydrolases traditionally recognized as cellulases 1027:1088 Luteibacter did not express any glycosyl hydrolases traditionally recognized as cellulases. 27125755 8 27 from bacteria 1553:1560 arg1 extensive 1465:1473 extensive 1465:1473 extensive 1465:1473 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 2 28 theme cellulolytic 385:396 arg1 activity 398:405 potential cellulolytic activity 375:405 potential cellulolytic activity from litter 375:417 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 2 29 theme temperate 441:449 arg1 forest 455:460 a temperate oak forest 439:460 a temperate oak forest 439:460 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 8 30 from extensive 1465:1473 arg1 bacteria 1553:1560 cellulolytic soil bacteria 1535:1560 cellulolytic soil bacteria 1535:1560 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 8 31 theme systems 1524:1530 arg1 extensive 1465:1473 extensive 1465:1473 extensive 1465:1473 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 0 32 theme soil 52:55 arg1 bacteria 57:64 forest soil bacteria 45:64 forest soil bacteria 45:64 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 2 33 theme potential 375:383 arg1 activity 398:405 potential cellulolytic activity 375:405 potential cellulolytic activity from litter 375:417 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 1 34 from role 265:268 arg1 process 278:284 this process 273:284 this process 273:284 Evidence shows that bacteria contribute actively to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil; however, their role in this process is still unclear. 27125755 8 35 theme soil 1548:1551 arg1 bacteria 1553:1560 cellulolytic soil bacteria 1535:1560 cellulolytic soil bacteria 1535:1560 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 8 36 theme plant 1665:1669 arg1 polysaccharides 1671:1685 cellulose and other plant polysaccharides 1645:1685 polysaccharides 1671:1685 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 1 37 theme cellulose 206:214 arg1 decomposition 189:201 the decomposition 185:201 the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil 185:247 Evidence shows that bacteria contribute actively to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil; however, their role in this process is still unclear. 27125755 0 38 theme hemicellulose 14:26 arg1 decomposition 28:40 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition 0:40 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria 0:64 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 0 39 theme systems 124:130 arg1 action 82:87 the action 78:87 the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems 78:130 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 3 40 theme microcrystalline 653:668 arg1 cellulose 670:678 microcrystalline cellulose 653:678 microcrystalline cellulose 653:678 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem were sequenced and their proteomes were characterized during the growth on plant biomass and on microcrystalline cellulose. 27125755 2 41 dep screening 326:334 arg1 the 322:324 the 322:324 the 322:324 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 2 42 theme organic 423:429 arg1 soil 431:434 organic soil 423:434 organic soil of a temperate oak forest 423:460 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 0 43 theme forest 45:50 arg1 bacteria 57:64 forest soil bacteria 45:64 forest soil bacteria 45:64 Cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition by forest soil bacteria proceeds by the action of structurally variable enzymatic systems. 27125755 6 44 theme GH23 1161:1164 arg1 protein 1173:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein 1148:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain 1148:1217 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 8 45 from roles 1579:1583 arg1 decomposition 1628:1640 the decomposition 1624:1640 the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides 1624:1685 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 1 46 theme hemicellulose 220:232 arg1 decomposition 189:201 the decomposition 185:201 the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil 185:247 Evidence shows that bacteria contribute actively to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil; however, their role in this process is still unclear. 27125755 7 47 theme crystalline 1283:1293 arg1 cellulose 1295:1303 crystalline cellulose 1283:1303 the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose 1235:1303 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 6 48 theme expressed 1151:1159 arg1 protein 1173:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein 1148:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain 1148:1217 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 8 49 theme enzymatic 1514:1522 arg1 systems 1524:1530 enzymatic systems 1514:1530 enzymatic systems 1514:1530 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 3 50 theme cellulolytic 484:495 arg1 isolates 497:504 three cellulolytic isolates 478:504 three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem 478:555 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem were sequenced and their proteomes were characterized during the growth on plant biomass and on microcrystalline cellulose. 27125755 2 51 theme forest 455:460 arg1 activity 398:405 potential cellulolytic activity 375:405 potential cellulolytic activity from litter 375:417 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 2 51 theme forest 455:460 arg1 soil 431:434 organic soil 423:434 organic soil of a temperate oak forest 423:460 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 4 52 theme carbohydrate-binding 969:988 arg1 modules 990:996 carbohydrate-binding modules 969:996 carbohydrate-binding modules 969:996 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 3 53 theme isolates 497:504 arg1 genomes 467:473 The genomes 463:473 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem 463:555 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem were sequenced and their proteomes were characterized during the growth on plant biomass and on microcrystalline cellulose. 27125755 3 54 theme plant 632:636 arg1 biomass 638:644 plant biomass 632:644 plant biomass 632:644 The genomes of three cellulolytic isolates previously described as abundant in this ecosystem were sequenced and their proteomes were characterized during the growth on plant biomass and on microcrystalline cellulose. 27125755 4 55 theme carbohydrate-active 772:790 arg1 enzymes 792:798 highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes 757:798 highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes 757:798 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 1 56 theme forest 237:242 arg1 soil 244:247 forest soil 237:247 forest soil 237:247 Evidence shows that bacteria contribute actively to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil; however, their role in this process is still unclear. 27125755 1 57 from decomposition 189:201 arg1 soil 244:247 forest soil 237:247 forest soil 237:247 Evidence shows that bacteria contribute actively to the decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose in forest soil; however, their role in this process is still unclear. 27125755 4 58 theme diverse 764:770 arg1 enzymes 792:798 highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes 757:798 highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes 757:798 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 7 59 theme hydrolytic 1350:1359 arg1 hemicellulases 1392:1405 hemicellulases 1392:1405 hemicellulases 1392:1405 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 59 theme hydrolytic 1350:1359 arg1 cellulases 1380:1389 cellulases 1380:1389 cellulases 1380:1389 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 59 theme hydrolytic 1350:1359 arg1 hydrolases 1426:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 59 theme hydrolytic 1350:1359 arg1 proteins 1361:1368 hydrolytic proteins 1350:1368 hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases 1350:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 8 60 theme cellulose 1645:1653 arg1 polysaccharides 1671:1685 cellulose and other plant polysaccharides 1645:1685 polysaccharides 1671:1685 Our findings highlight the extensive and unexplored structural diversity of enzymatic systems in cellulolytic soil bacteria and indicate the roles of multiple abundant bacterial taxa in the decomposition of cellulose and other plant polysaccharides. 27125755 2 61 from litter 412:417 arg1 activity 398:405 potential cellulolytic activity 375:405 potential cellulolytic activity from litter 375:417 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 2 61 from litter 412:417 arg1 soil 431:434 organic soil 423:434 organic soil of a temperate oak forest 423:460 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 4 62 theme complex 720:726 arg1 systems 738:744 complex enzymatic systems 720:744 complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules 720:996 Pedobacter and Mucilaginibacter showed complex enzymatic systems containing highly diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes for the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, which were functionally redundant for endoglucanases, β-glucosidases, endoxylanases, β-xylosidases, mannosidases and carbohydrate-binding modules. 27125755 7 63 theme proteins 1361:1368 arg1 hydrolases 1426:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 other glycosyl hydrolases 1411:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 63 theme proteins 1361:1368 arg1 hemicellulases 1392:1405 hemicellulases 1392:1405 hemicellulases 1392:1405 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 63 theme proteins 1361:1368 arg1 cellulases 1380:1389 cellulases 1380:1389 cellulases 1380:1389 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 63 theme proteins 1361:1368 arg1 set 1343:1345 a wide set 1336:1345 a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases 1336:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 7 63 theme proteins 1361:1368 arg1 proteins 1361:1368 hydrolytic proteins 1350:1368 hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases 1350:1435 Interestingly, the presence of plant lignocellulose as well as crystalline cellulose both trigger the production of a wide set of hydrolytic proteins including cellulases, hemicellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases. 27125755 6 64 contain containing 1181:1190 arg2 domain 1212:1217 a cellulose-binding domain 1192:1217 a cellulose-binding domain 1192:1217 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 6 64 contain containing 1181:1190 arg1 protein 1173:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein 1148:1179 an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain 1148:1217 Instead, cellulose decomposition was likely performed by an expressed GH23 family protein containing a cellulose-binding domain. 27125755 2 65 theme bacteria 358:365 arg1 screening 326:334 screening 326:334 screening 326:334 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 27125755 2 65 theme bacteria 358:365 arg1 identification 340:353 identification 340:353 identification 340:353 Here we performed the screening and identification of bacteria showing potential cellulolytic activity from litter and organic soil of a temperate oak forest. 24533580 1 0 theme intracellular 318:330 arg1 region 332:337 the intracellular region 314:337 the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) 314:381 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 1 from mutations 301:309 arg1 region 332:337 the intracellular region 314:337 the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) 314:381 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 2 theme Primary 160:166 arg1 polycythaemia 192:204 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia 160:204 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) 160:211 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 2 theme Primary 160:166 arg1 disease 218:224 a disease 216:224 a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass 216:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 2 theme Primary 160:166 arg1 PFCP 207:210 PFCP 207:210 PFCP 207:210 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 3 theme red 253:255 arg1 cell 263:266 red blood cell 253:266 increased red blood cell mass 243:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 8 4 theme experimental 1394:1405 arg1 system 1407:1412 a novel experimental system 1386:1412 a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR 1386:1466 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 0 5 from mutations 23:31 arg1 receptor 55:62 erythropoietin receptor 40:62 the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) 36:69 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 0 5 from mutations 23:31 arg1 EPOR 65:68 EPOR 65:68 EPOR 65:68 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 mutations 697:705 three novel EPOR mutations 680:705 three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A) 680:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 mutation 783:790 a nonsense mutation 772:790 a nonsense mutation (C1370A) 772:799 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 mutation 747:754 a deletion mutation 736:754 a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411) 736:769 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 mutation 816:823 a missense mutation 805:823 a missense mutation (G1445A) 805:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 Del1377-1411 757:768 Del1377-1411 757:768 Del1377-1411 757:768 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 C1370A 793:798 C1370A 793:798 C1370A 793:798 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 6 dep mutations 697:705 arg1 G1445A 826:831 G1445A 826:831 G1445A 826:831 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 1 7 theme familial 168:175 arg1 polycythaemia 192:204 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia 160:204 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) 160:211 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 7 theme familial 168:175 arg1 disease 218:224 a disease 216:224 a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass 216:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 7 theme familial 168:175 arg1 PFCP 207:210 PFCP 207:210 PFCP 207:210 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 8 theme blood 257:261 arg1 cell 263:266 red blood cell 253:266 increased red blood cell mass 243:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 3 9 theme EGF 637:639 arg1 binding 641:647 EGF binding 637:647 EGF binding 637:647 The design of the chimeras enabled EPOR signalling to be triggered by EGF binding. 24533580 1 10 theme cell 263:266 arg1 mass 268:271 increased red blood cell mass 243:271 increased red blood cell mass 243:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 6 11 theme different 1057:1065 arg1 mutations 1067:1075 the different mutations 1053:1075 the different mutations 1053:1075 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 7 12 theme extended 1336:1343 arg1 cascades 1356:1363 extended signalling cascades 1336:1363 extended signalling cascades 1336:1363 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 6 13 theme various 1084:1090 arg1 aspects 1092:1098 various aspects 1084:1098 various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors 1084:1165 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 7 14 theme slower 1182:1187 arg1 rate 1201:1204 slower degradation rate 1182:1204 slower degradation rate 1182:1204 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 1 15 theme erythropoietin 346:359 arg1 EPOR 377:380 EPOR 377:380 EPOR 377:380 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 15 theme erythropoietin 346:359 arg1 receptor 367:374 the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor 342:374 the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) 342:381 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 8 16 from patients 1546:1553 arg1 mechanisms 1503:1512 underlying mechanisms 1492:1512 underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients 1492:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 4 17 theme PFCP 721:724 arg1 patients 726:733 PFCP patients 721:733 PFCP patients 721:733 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 7 18 theme increased 1258:1266 arg1 sensitivity 1268:1278 increased sensitivity 1258:1278 increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) 1258:1330 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 6 19 theme chimeric 1148:1155 arg1 receptors 1157:1165 the chimeric receptors 1144:1165 the chimeric receptors 1144:1165 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 2 20 theme experimental 461:472 arg1 system 474:479 an experimental system 458:479 an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR 458:564 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 7 21 theme signalling 1345:1354 arg1 cascades 1356:1363 extended signalling cascades 1336:1363 extended signalling cascades 1336:1363 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 8 22 theme PFCP 1541:1544 arg1 patients 1546:1553 PFCP patients 1541:1553 PFCP patients 1541:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 1 23 theme congenital 181:190 arg1 polycythaemia 192:204 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia 160:204 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) 160:211 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 23 theme congenital 181:190 arg1 disease 218:224 a disease 216:224 a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass 216:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 23 theme congenital 181:190 arg1 PFCP 207:210 PFCP 207:210 PFCP 207:210 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 24 theme EPO 362:364 arg1 EPOR 377:380 EPOR 377:380 EPOR 377:380 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 1 24 theme EPO 362:364 arg1 receptor 367:374 the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor 342:374 the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) 342:381 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 6 25 theme receptors 1157:1165 arg1 metabolism 1130:1139 metabolism 1130:1139 metabolism 1130:1139 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 6 25 theme receptors 1157:1165 arg1 signalling 1115:1124 signalling 1115:1124 signalling 1115:1124 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 5 26 theme EPOR 903:906 arg1 cytosolic 892:900 cytosolic 892:900 cytosolic 892:900 Three different chimeras, bearing these mutations in the cytosolic, EPOR region were generated; Hence, the differences in the chimera-related effects are specifically attributed to the mutations. 24533580 5 26 theme EPOR 903:906 arg1 region 908:913 EPOR region 903:913 EPOR region 903:913 Three different chimeras, bearing these mutations in the cytosolic, EPOR region were generated; Hence, the differences in the chimera-related effects are specifically attributed to the mutations. 24533580 5 27 theme different 841:849 arg1 chimeras 851:858 Three different chimeras 835:858 Three different chimeras 835:858 Three different chimeras, bearing these mutations in the cytosolic, EPOR region were generated; Hence, the differences in the chimera-related effects are specifically attributed to the mutations. 24533580 8 28 theme EPOR 1517:1520 arg1 over-activation 1522:1536 EPOR over-activation 1517:1536 EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients 1517:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 7 29 theme glycan-mature 1224:1236 arg1 receptors 1247:1255 glycan-mature chimeric receptors 1224:1255 glycan-mature chimeric receptors 1224:1255 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 0 30 theme Polycythaemia-inducing 0:21 arg1 mechanism 72:80 mechanism 72:80 mechanism 72:80 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 0 30 theme Polycythaemia-inducing 0:21 arg1 mutations 23:31 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations 0:31 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function 0:93 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 0 30 theme Polycythaemia-inducing 0:21 arg1 function 86:93 function 86:93 function 86:93 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 4 31 theme nonsense 774:781 arg1 C1370A 793:798 C1370A 793:798 C1370A 793:798 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 31 theme nonsense 774:781 arg1 mutation 783:790 a nonsense mutation 772:790 a nonsense mutation (C1370A) 772:799 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 31 theme nonsense 774:781 arg1 mutations 697:705 three novel EPOR mutations 680:705 three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A) 680:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 8 32 from over-activation 1522:1536 arg1 patients 1546:1553 PFCP patients 1541:1553 PFCP patients 1541:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 3 33 theme EPOR 602:605 arg1 signalling 607:616 EPOR signalling 602:616 EPOR signalling 602:616 The design of the chimeras enabled EPOR signalling to be triggered by EGF binding. 24533580 4 34 theme deletion 738:745 arg1 Del1377-1411 757:768 Del1377-1411 757:768 Del1377-1411 757:768 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 34 theme deletion 738:745 arg1 mutations 697:705 three novel EPOR mutations 680:705 three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A) 680:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 34 theme deletion 738:745 arg1 mutation 747:754 a deletion mutation 736:754 a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411) 736:769 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 0 35 theme growth 122:127 arg1 factor 129:134 epidermal growth factor 112:134 epidermal growth factor 112:134 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 4 36 theme EPOR 692:695 arg1 mutation 816:823 a missense mutation 805:823 a missense mutation (G1445A) 805:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 36 theme EPOR 692:695 arg1 mutation 783:790 a nonsense mutation 772:790 a nonsense mutation (C1370A) 772:799 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 36 theme EPOR 692:695 arg1 mutation 747:754 a deletion mutation 736:754 a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411) 736:769 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 36 theme EPOR 692:695 arg1 mutations 697:705 three novel EPOR mutations 680:705 three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A) 680:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 8 37 theme polycythaemia-inducing 1423:1444 arg1 mutations 1446:1454 polycythaemia-inducing mutations 1423:1454 polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR 1423:1466 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 0 38 theme epidermal 112:120 arg1 factor 129:134 epidermal growth factor 112:134 epidermal growth factor 112:134 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 4 39 theme novel 686:690 arg1 mutation 816:823 a missense mutation 805:823 a missense mutation (G1445A) 805:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 39 theme novel 686:690 arg1 mutation 783:790 a nonsense mutation 772:790 a nonsense mutation (C1370A) 772:799 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 39 theme novel 686:690 arg1 mutation 747:754 a deletion mutation 736:754 a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411) 736:769 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 39 theme novel 686:690 arg1 mutations 697:705 three novel EPOR mutations 680:705 three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A) 680:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 0 40 theme receptor-EPOR 136:148 arg1 chimeras 150:157 epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras 112:157 epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras 112:157 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 1 41 theme receptor 367:374 arg1 region 332:337 the intracellular region 314:337 the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR) 314:381 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 24533580 7 42 theme EGF 1297:1299 arg1 levels 1287:1292 low levels 1283:1292 low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) 1283:1330 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 7 43 theme chimeric 1238:1245 arg1 receptors 1247:1255 glycan-mature chimeric receptors 1224:1255 glycan-mature chimeric receptors 1224:1255 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 0 44 theme erythropoietin 40:53 arg1 receptor 55:62 erythropoietin receptor 40:62 the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) 36:69 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 0 44 theme erythropoietin 40:53 arg1 EPOR 65:68 EPOR 65:68 EPOR 65:68 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 2 45 theme chimeric 490:497 arg1 receptors 499:507 chimeric receptors 490:507 chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR 490:564 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 7 46 theme receptors 1247:1255 arg1 levels 1214:1219 higher levels 1207:1219 higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors 1207:1255 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 7 46 theme receptors 1247:1255 arg1 sensitivity 1268:1278 increased sensitivity 1258:1278 increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) 1258:1330 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 7 46 theme receptors 1247:1255 arg1 cascades 1356:1363 extended signalling cascades 1336:1363 extended signalling cascades 1336:1363 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 7 46 theme receptors 1247:1255 arg1 rate 1201:1204 slower degradation rate 1182:1204 slower degradation rate 1182:1204 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 7 47 theme higher 1207:1212 arg1 levels 1214:1219 higher levels 1207:1219 higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors 1207:1255 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 2 48 theme EPOR 424:427 arg1 mutations 429:437 EPOR mutations 424:437 EPOR mutations 424:437 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 8 49 theme new 1479:1481 arg1 light 1483:1487 new light 1479:1487 new light 1479:1487 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 4 50 theme missense 807:814 arg1 mutation 816:823 a missense mutation 805:823 a missense mutation (G1445A) 805:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 50 theme missense 807:814 arg1 mutations 697:705 three novel EPOR mutations 680:705 three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A) 680:832 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 4 50 theme missense 807:814 arg1 G1445A 826:831 G1445A 826:831 G1445A 826:831 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 3 51 theme chimeras 585:592 arg1 design 571:576 The design 567:576 The design of the chimeras 567:592 The design of the chimeras enabled EPOR signalling to be triggered by EGF binding. 24533580 7 52 theme degradation 1189:1199 arg1 rate 1201:1204 slower degradation rate 1182:1204 slower degradation rate 1182:1204 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 8 53 from mechanisms 1503:1512 arg1 patients 1546:1553 PFCP patients 1541:1553 PFCP patients 1541:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 8 54 theme underlying 1492:1501 arg1 mechanisms 1503:1512 underlying mechanisms 1492:1512 underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients 1492:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 2 55 theme epidermal 517:525 arg1 EGFR 551:554 EGFR 551:554 EGFR 551:554 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 2 55 theme epidermal 517:525 arg1 receptor 541:548 epidermal growth factor receptor 517:548 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 517:555 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 2 56 theme factor 534:539 arg1 EGFR 551:554 EGFR 551:554 EGFR 551:554 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 2 56 theme factor 534:539 arg1 receptor 541:548 epidermal growth factor receptor 517:548 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 517:555 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 6 57 dep signalling 1115:1124 arg1 the 1111:1113 the 1111:1113 the 1111:1113 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 7 58 theme replacing 1302:1310 arg1 EGF 1297:1299 EGF 1297:1299 EGF (replacing EPO in this system) 1297:1330 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 7 58 theme replacing 1302:1310 arg1 EPO 1312:1314 replacing EPO 1302:1314 replacing EPO in this system 1302:1329 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 2 59 theme growth 527:532 arg1 EGFR 551:554 EGFR 551:554 EGFR 551:554 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 2 59 theme growth 527:532 arg1 receptor 541:548 epidermal growth factor receptor 517:548 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 517:555 Here we explore the mechanisms by which EPOR mutations induce PFCP, using an experimental system based on chimeric receptors between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EPOR. 24533580 8 60 theme novel 1388:1392 arg1 system 1407:1412 a novel experimental system 1386:1412 a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR 1386:1466 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 7 61 theme low 1283:1285 arg1 levels 1287:1292 low levels 1283:1292 low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) 1283:1330 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 5 62 theme chimera-related 961:975 arg1 effects 977:983 the chimera-related effects 957:983 the chimera-related effects 957:983 Three different chimeras, bearing these mutations in the cytosolic, EPOR region were generated; Hence, the differences in the chimera-related effects are specifically attributed to the mutations. 24533580 4 63 dep analysed 671:678 arg1 Using 650:654 Using 650:654 Using this system 650:666 Using this system we analysed three novel EPOR mutations discovered in PFCP patients: a deletion mutation (Del1377-1411), a nonsense mutation (C1370A) and a missense mutation (G1445A). 24533580 5 64 from differences 942:952 arg1 effects 977:983 the chimera-related effects 957:983 the chimera-related effects 957:983 Three different chimeras, bearing these mutations in the cytosolic, EPOR region were generated; Hence, the differences in the chimera-related effects are specifically attributed to the mutations. 24533580 0 65 dep mutations 23:31 arg1 mechanism 72:80 mechanism 72:80 mechanism 72:80 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 0 65 dep mutations 23:31 arg1 mutations 23:31 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations 0:31 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function 0:93 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 0 65 dep mutations 23:31 arg1 function 86:93 function 86:93 function 86:93 Polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR): mechanism and function as elucidated by epidermal growth factor receptor-EPOR chimeras. 24533580 7 66 from EPO 1312:1314 arg1 system 1324:1329 this system 1319:1329 this system 1319:1329 These include slower degradation rate, higher levels of glycan-mature chimeric receptors, increased sensitivity to low levels of EGF (replacing EPO in this system) and extended signalling cascades. 24533580 8 67 theme over-activation 1522:1536 arg1 mechanisms 1503:1512 underlying mechanisms 1492:1512 underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients 1492:1553 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 8 68 from mutations 1446:1454 arg1 EPOR 1463:1466 the EPOR 1459:1466 the EPOR 1459:1466 This study provides a novel experimental system to study polycythaemia-inducing mutations in the EPOR, and sheds new light on underlying mechanisms of EPOR over-activation in PFCP patients. 24533580 6 69 theme related 1100:1106 arg1 aspects 1092:1098 various aspects 1084:1098 various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors 1084:1165 The results show that the different mutations affect various aspects related to the signalling and metabolism of the chimeric receptors. 24533580 1 70 theme increased 243:251 arg1 mass 268:271 increased red blood cell mass 243:271 increased red blood cell mass 243:271 Primary familial and congenital polycythaemia (PFCP) is a disease characterized by increased red blood cell mass, and can be associated with mutations in the intracellular region of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor (EPOR). 28743910 9 0 theme Fg1 1234:1236 arg1 peptide 1238:1244 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide 1219:1244 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg 1219:1251 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. 28743910 10 1 theme human 1440:1444 arg1 fibrinogen 1446:1455 human fibrinogen 1440:1455 human fibrinogen 1440:1455 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 2 2 dep ability 290:296 arg1 recognize 330:338 recognize 330:338 to recognize ECM proteins 327:351 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 2 2 dep ability 290:296 arg1 showed 357:362 showed 357:362 showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg) 357:455 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 10 3 theme glycoprotein 1415:1426 arg1 characterization 1376:1391 the characterization 1372:1391 the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen 1372:1455 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 4 4 theme repeat 827:832 arg1 region 834:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 4 theme repeat 827:832 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 1 5 dep acnes 113:117 arg1 acnes 123:127 P. acnes 120:127 P. acnes 120:127 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 10 6 theme surface 1407:1413 arg1 glycoprotein 1415:1426 a P. acnes surface glycoprotein 1396:1426 a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen 1396:1455 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 1 7 theme opportunistic 246:258 arg1 pathogen 260:267 an opportunistic pathogen 243:267 an opportunistic pathogen 243:267 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 1 7 theme opportunistic 246:258 arg1 it 234:235 it 234:235 it 234:235 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 4 8 theme protein 661:667 arg1 sequence 669:676 This protein sequence 656:676 This protein sequence 656:676 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 9 theme domains 753:759 arg1 presence 712:719 the presence 708:719 the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 708:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 2 10 theme surface 310:316 arg1 proteins 318:325 P. acnes surface proteins 301:325 P. acnes surface proteins 301:325 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 9 11 theme hFg 1249:1251 arg1 peptide 1238:1244 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide 1219:1244 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg 1219:1251 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. 28743910 10 12 theme first 1360:1364 arg1 time 1366:1369 the first time 1356:1369 the first time 1356:1369 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 9 13 with DsA1 1289:1292 arg1 Fg1 1299:1301 Fg1 1299:1301 Fg1 1299:1301 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. 28743910 4 14 theme different 743:751 arg1 peptide 783:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 14 theme different 743:751 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 14 theme different 743:751 arg1 region 834:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 14 theme different 743:751 arg1 motif 811:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 5 15 theme stationary 873:882 arg1 phase 884:888 stationary phase 873:888 stationary phase 873:888 DsA1 is mostly produced during stationary phase. 28743910 10 16 theme P. 1398:1399 arg1 glycoprotein 1415:1426 a P. acnes surface glycoprotein 1396:1426 a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen 1396:1455 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 7 17 gly deglycosylation 1045:1059 arg1 hFg 1064:1066 hFg 1064:1066 hFg 1064:1066 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 2 18 theme surface 387:393 arg1 protein 395:401 a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein 369:401 a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein 369:401 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 7 19 theme backbone 1112:1119 arg1 involvement 1085:1095 the involvement 1081:1095 the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process 1081:1146 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 2 20 theme acnes 381:385 arg1 protein 395:401 a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein 369:401 a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein 369:401 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 8 21 theme Bβ 1153:1154 arg1 subunit 1156:1162 The Bβ subunit 1149:1162 The Bβ subunit of hFg 1149:1169 The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). 28743910 4 22 theme PT 824:825 arg1 region 834:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 22 theme PT 824:825 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 1 23 theme Propionibacterium 95:111 arg1 acnes 113:117 Propionibacterium acnes 95:117 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) 95:128 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 1 23 theme Propionibacterium 95:111 arg1 bacterium 157:165 a major skin-associated bacterium 133:165 a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen 133:267 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 2 24 theme 58 kDa P. 371:379 arg1 protein 395:401 a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein 369:401 a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein 369:401 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 7 25 theme hFg 1064:1066 arg1 deglycosylation 1045:1059 specific enzymatic deglycosylation 1026:1059 specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg 1026:1066 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 6 26 theme GalNAc 940:945 arg1 residues 947:954 GalNAc residues 940:954 GalNAc residues 940:954 It appears to be highly glycosylated, containing GalNAc residues. 28743910 6 27 gly glycosylated 915:926 arg1 It 891:892 It 891:892 It 891:892 It appears to be highly glycosylated, containing GalNAc residues. 28743910 2 28 theme acnes 304:308 arg1 proteins 318:325 P. acnes surface proteins 301:325 P. acnes surface proteins 301:325 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 10 29 gly glycoprotein 1415:1426 arg1 glycoprotein 1415:1426 a P. acnes surface glycoprotein 1396:1426 a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen 1396:1455 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 2 30 theme human 434:438 arg1 fibrinogen 440:449 human fibrinogen 434:449 human fibrinogen (hFg) 434:455 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 2 30 theme human 434:438 arg1 hFg 452:454 hFg 452:454 hFg 452:454 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 4 31 theme LPXTG 805:809 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 31 theme LPXTG 805:809 arg1 motif 811:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 3 32 dep two-dimensional 506:520 arg1 2-D 523:525 2-D 523:525 2-D 523:525 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 4 33 theme C-terminal 794:803 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 33 theme C-terminal 794:803 arg1 motif 811:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 3 34 theme P. 563:564 arg1 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 34 theme P. 563:564 arg1 protein 469:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 34 theme P. 563:564 arg1 protein 601:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 7 35 theme specific 1026:1033 arg1 deglycosylation 1045:1059 specific enzymatic deglycosylation 1026:1059 specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg 1026:1066 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 10 36 dep P. 1398:1399 arg1 acnes 1401:1405 acnes 1401:1405 acnes 1401:1405 We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen. 28743910 3 37 theme two-dimensional 506:520 arg1 electrophoresis 528:542 two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis 506:542 two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis 506:542 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 0 38 theme Surface 46:52 arg1 Protein 54:60 Surface Protein 46:60 Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein 46:92 Characterization of a Propionibacterium acnes Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein. 28743910 9 39 theme priming 1281:1287 arg1 DsA1 1289:1292 priming DsA1 1281:1292 priming DsA1 with Fg1 1281:1301 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. 28743910 7 40 theme hFg 1017:1019 arg1 subunits 1005:1012 the Aα and Bβ subunits 991:1012 the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg 991:1019 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 3 41 theme cell-surface 577:588 arg1 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 41 theme cell-surface 577:588 arg1 protein 469:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 41 theme cell-surface 577:588 arg1 protein 601:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 1 42 theme several 209:215 arg1 studies 217:223 several studies 209:223 several studies 209:223 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 8 43 theme peptide 1190:1196 arg1 fractions 1198:1206 four peptide fractions 1185:1206 four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4) 1185:1216 The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). 28743910 8 43 theme peptide 1190:1196 arg1 Fg1-Fg4 1209:1215 Fg1-Fg4 1209:1215 Fg1-Fg4 1209:1215 The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). 28743910 8 44 theme hFg 1167:1169 arg1 subunit 1156:1162 The Bβ subunit 1149:1162 The Bβ subunit of hFg 1149:1169 The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). 28743910 0 45 theme Propionibacterium 22:38 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a Propionibacterium 0:38 Characterization of a Propionibacterium acnes Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein. 28743910 3 46 theme dermatan 631:638 arg1 sulfate 640:646 dermatan sulfate 631:646 dermatan sulfate (DsA1) 631:653 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 46 theme dermatan 631:638 arg1 DsA1 649:652 DsA1 649:652 DsA1 649:652 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 47 theme acnes 566:570 arg1 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 47 theme acnes 566:570 arg1 protein 469:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 47 theme acnes 566:570 arg1 protein 601:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 7 48 theme Aα 995:996 arg1 subunits 1005:1012 the Aα and Bβ subunits 991:1012 the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg 991:1019 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 2 49 theme ECM 340:342 arg1 proteins 344:351 ECM proteins 340:351 ECM proteins 340:351 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 7 50 theme protein 1104:1110 arg1 backbone 1112:1119 the protein backbone 1100:1119 the protein backbone 1100:1119 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 7 51 from involvement 1085:1095 arg1 process 1140:1146 the recognition process 1124:1146 the recognition process 1124:1146 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 9 52 theme N-terminal 1223:1232 arg1 peptide 1238:1244 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide 1219:1244 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg 1219:1251 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. 28743910 7 53 theme enzymatic 1035:1043 arg1 deglycosylation 1045:1059 specific enzymatic deglycosylation 1026:1059 specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg 1026:1066 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 3 54 theme host 572:575 arg1 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 54 theme host 572:575 arg1 protein 469:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 54 theme host 572:575 arg1 protein 601:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 4 55 theme amino 691:695 arg1 acids 697:701 432 amino acids 687:701 432 amino acids 687:701 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 56 theme signal 776:781 arg1 peptide 783:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 56 theme signal 776:781 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 3 57 theme attachment 590:599 arg1 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 PA25957 610:616 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 57 theme attachment 590:599 arg1 protein 469:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 57 theme attachment 590:599 arg1 protein 601:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 58 theme 58 kDa 462:467 arg1 protein 469:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein 458:475 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 3 58 theme 58 kDa 462:467 arg1 protein 601:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein 561:607 The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). 28743910 9 59 theme DsA1/hFg 1313:1320 arg1 recognition 1322:1332 DsA1/hFg recognition 1313:1332 DsA1/hFg recognition 1313:1332 The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. 28743910 7 60 theme Bβ 1002:1003 arg1 subunits 1005:1012 the Aα and Bβ subunits 991:1012 the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg 991:1019 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 4 61 theme N-terminal 765:774 arg1 peptide 783:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 61 theme N-terminal 765:774 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 7 62 theme Purified 957:964 arg1 DsA1 966:969 Purified DsA1 957:969 Purified DsA1 957:969 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 2 63 theme proteins 318:325 arg1 ability 290:296 the ability 286:296 the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg) 286:455 We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). 28743910 0 64 theme Fibrinogen-Binding 67:84 arg1 Protein 86:92 a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein 65:92 a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein 65:92 Characterization of a Propionibacterium acnes Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein. 28743910 1 65 theme major 135:139 arg1 acnes 113:117 Propionibacterium acnes 95:117 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) 95:128 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 1 65 theme major 135:139 arg1 bacterium 157:165 a major skin-associated bacterium 133:165 a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen 133:267 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 4 66 dep domains 753:759 arg1 peptide 783:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 an N-terminal signal peptide 762:789 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 66 dep domains 753:759 arg1 region 834:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 a PT repeat region 822:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 66 dep domains 753:759 arg1 domains 753:759 three structurally different domains 724:759 three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region 724:839 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 66 dep domains 753:759 arg1 motif 811:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 a C-terminal LPXTG motif 792:815 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 67 contain contains 678:685 arg2 acids 697:701 432 amino acids 687:701 432 amino acids 687:701 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 4 67 contain contains 678:685 arg1 sequence 669:676 This protein sequence 656:676 This protein sequence 656:676 This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. 28743910 7 68 theme recognition 1128:1138 arg1 process 1140:1146 the recognition process 1124:1146 the recognition process 1124:1146 Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. 28743910 1 69 theme skin-associated 141:155 arg1 acnes 113:117 Propionibacterium acnes 95:117 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) 95:128 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 28743910 1 69 theme skin-associated 141:155 arg1 bacterium 157:165 a major skin-associated bacterium 133:165 a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen 133:267 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. 25753705 1 0 theme KEGG 64:67 arg1 database 76:83 the KEGG GLYCAN database 60:83 the KEGG GLYCAN database 60:83 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 3 1 theme structure 420:428 arg1 CSM 435:437 CSM 435:437 CSM 435:437 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 3 1 theme structure 420:428 arg1 map 430:432 the composite structure map 406:432 the composite structure map (CSM) 406:438 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 1 2 theme other 146:150 arg1 databases 152:160 the other databases 142:160 the other databases in KEGG 142:168 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 1 3 theme KEGG 92:95 arg1 resource 97:104 the KEGG resource 88:104 the KEGG resource 88:104 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 1 4 theme GLYCAN 69:74 arg1 database 76:83 the KEGG GLYCAN database 60:83 the KEGG GLYCAN database 60:83 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 3 5 theme composite 410:418 arg1 CSM 435:437 CSM 435:437 CSM 435:437 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 3 5 theme composite 410:418 arg1 map 430:432 the composite structure map 406:432 the composite structure map (CSM) 406:438 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 3 6 theme tools 370:374 arg1 number 349:354 A number 347:354 A number of analytical tools 347:374 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 3 6 theme tools 370:374 arg1 available 385:393 available 385:393 available 385:393 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 3 7 theme analytical 359:368 arg1 tools 370:374 analytical tools 359:374 analytical tools 359:374 A number of analytical tools are also available, including the composite structure map (CSM), KegDraw, KCam, and GECS. 25753705 0 8 theme Glycomic 0:7 arg1 analysis 9:16 Glycomic analysis 0:16 Glycomic analysis 0:16 Glycomic analysis using KEGG GLYCAN. 25753705 1 9 from databases 152:160 arg1 KEGG 165:168 KEGG 165:168 KEGG 165:168 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 4 10 theme usage 546:550 arg1 examples 528:535 simple examples 521:535 simple examples of their usage 521:550 These databases and tools will be described along with simple examples of their usage. 25753705 4 11 theme simple 521:526 arg1 examples 528:535 simple examples 521:535 simple examples of their usage 521:550 These databases and tools will be described along with simple examples of their usage. 25753705 0 12 theme KEGG 24:27 arg1 GLYCAN 29:34 KEGG GLYCAN 24:34 KEGG GLYCAN 24:34 Glycomic analysis using KEGG GLYCAN. 25753705 1 13 theme resource 97:104 arg1 database 76:83 the KEGG GLYCAN database 60:83 the KEGG GLYCAN database 60:83 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 2 14 theme glycan 210:215 arg1 structures 217:226 glycan structures 210:226 glycan structures 210:226 In particular, KEGG GLYCAN consists of glycan structures, with links to glycogenes, orthologs, reactions, pathways, drugs, diseases, and others, all within the KEGG resources. 25753705 1 15 theme links 133:137 arg1 descriptions 117:128 descriptions 117:128 descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG 117:168 This chapter describes the KEGG GLYCAN database of the KEGG resource, including descriptions of links to the other databases in KEGG. 25753705 2 16 theme KEGG 331:334 arg1 resources 336:344 the KEGG resources 327:344 the KEGG resources 327:344 In particular, KEGG GLYCAN consists of glycan structures, with links to glycogenes, orthologs, reactions, pathways, drugs, diseases, and others, all within the KEGG resources. 25753705 2 17 theme KEGG 186:189 arg1 GLYCAN 191:196 KEGG GLYCAN 186:196 KEGG GLYCAN 186:196 In particular, KEGG GLYCAN consists of glycan structures, with links to glycogenes, orthologs, reactions, pathways, drugs, diseases, and others, all within the KEGG resources. 26559536 2 0 theme latent 462:467 arg1 structures 469:478 latent structures 462:478 latent structures (O-PLS) 462:486 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs were discriminated using a multivariate analysis; orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). 26559536 2 0 theme latent 462:467 arg1 O-PLS 481:485 O-PLS 481:485 O-PLS 481:485 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs were discriminated using a multivariate analysis; orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). 26559536 0 1 from N-Glycosylation 10:24 arg1 Semisupercentenarians 57:77 Japanese Semisupercentenarians 48:77 Japanese Semisupercentenarians 48:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 5 2 theme inflammatory 891:902 arg1 IL-6 940:943 IL-6 940:943 IL-6 940:943 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, were elevated in SSCs. 26559536 5 2 theme inflammatory 891:902 arg1 proteins 904:911 inflammatory proteins 891:911 inflammatory proteins 891:911 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, were elevated in SSCs. 26559536 5 2 theme inflammatory 891:902 arg1 TNF-α 950:954 TNF-α 950:954 TNF-α 950:954 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, were elevated in SSCs. 26559536 5 2 theme inflammatory 891:902 arg1 adiponectin 927:937 adiponectin 927:937 adiponectin 927:937 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, were elevated in SSCs. 26559536 5 2 theme inflammatory 891:902 arg1 CRP 922:924 CRP 922:924 CRP 922:924 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, were elevated in SSCs. 26559536 7 3 theme plasma 1166:1171 arg1 proteins 1173:1180 plasma proteins 1166:1180 plasma proteins 1166:1180 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 5 4 theme proteins 904:911 arg1 levels 881:886 The levels 877:886 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, 877:955 The levels of inflammatory proteins, such as CRP, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α, were elevated in SSCs. 26559536 4 5 theme anti-inflammatory 762:778 arg1 activities 780:789 anti-inflammatory activities 762:789 anti-inflammatory activities 762:789 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 4 6 located observed 859:866 arg1 SSCs 871:874 SSCs 871:874 SSCs 871:874 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 4 6 located observed 859:866 arg2 inflammation 846:857 the enhanced chronic inflammation 825:857 the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs 825:874 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 1 7 theme young 234:238 arg1 controls 240:247 young controls 234:247 young controls (mean 30.2 years) 234:265 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 7 theme young 234:238 arg1 years 260:264 mean 30.2 years 250:264 mean 30.2 years 250:264 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 4 8 theme chronic 838:844 arg1 inflammation 846:857 the enhanced chronic inflammation 825:857 the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs 825:874 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 6 9 theme important 1047:1055 arg1 role 1057:1060 an important role 1044:1060 an important role 1044:1060 These results suggested that responses to inflammation may play an important role in extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 2 10 theme Characteristic 353:366 arg1 N-glycans 368:376 Characteristic N-glycans 353:376 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs 353:384 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs were discriminated using a multivariate analysis; orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). 26559536 0 11 from Proteins 36:43 arg1 Semisupercentenarians 57:77 Japanese Semisupercentenarians 48:77 Japanese Semisupercentenarians 48:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 4 12 theme enhanced 829:836 arg1 inflammation 846:857 the enhanced chronic inflammation 825:857 the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs 825:874 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 1 13 theme N-glycomic 83:92 arg1 analysis 94:101 An N-glycomic analysis 80:101 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins 80:120 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 14 theme mean 178:181 arg1 years 189:193 mean 106.7 years 178:193 mean 106.7 years 178:193 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 14 theme mean 178:181 arg1 semisupercentenarians 148:168 Japanese semisupercentenarians 139:168 Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years) 139:194 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 2 15 theme multivariate 413:424 arg1 analysis 426:433 a multivariate analysis 411:433 a multivariate analysis 411:433 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs were discriminated using a multivariate analysis; orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). 26559536 1 16 theme graphitized 326:336 arg1 column 345:350 a graphitized carbon column 324:350 a graphitized carbon column 324:350 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 7 17 theme healthy 1225:1231 arg1 aging 1233:1237 healthy aging 1225:1237 healthy aging 1225:1237 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 7 18 from aging 1233:1237 arg1 humans 1242:1247 humans 1242:1247 humans 1242:1247 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 3 19 theme sialylated 548:557 arg1 N-glycans 559:567 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 522:567 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 522:615 The results obtained showed that multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans were increased in SSCs, while biantennary N-glycans were decreased. 26559536 7 20 from longevity 1211:1219 arg1 humans 1242:1247 humans 1242:1247 humans 1242:1247 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 1 21 theme plasma 106:111 arg1 proteins 113:120 plasma proteins 106:120 plasma proteins 106:120 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 7 22 theme first 1124:1128 arg1 This 1112:1115 This 1112:1115 This 1112:1115 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 7 22 theme first 1124:1128 arg1 study 1130:1134 the first study 1120:1134 the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans 1120:1247 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 1 23 theme mean 250:253 arg1 controls 240:247 young controls 234:247 young controls (mean 30.2 years) 234:265 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 23 theme mean 250:253 arg1 years 260:264 mean 30.2 years 250:264 mean 30.2 years 250:264 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 24 theme carbon 338:343 arg1 column 345:350 a graphitized carbon column 324:350 a graphitized carbon column 324:350 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 25 theme proteins 113:120 arg1 analysis 94:101 An N-glycomic analysis 80:101 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins 80:120 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 0 26 theme Proteins 36:43 arg1 N-Glycosylation 10:24 N-Glycosylation 10:24 N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians 10:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 1 27 theme aged 197:200 arg1 years 222:226 mean 71.6 years 212:226 mean 71.6 years 212:226 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 27 theme aged 197:200 arg1 controls 202:209 aged controls 197:209 aged controls (mean 71.6 years) 197:227 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 2 28 theme orthogonal 436:445 arg1 projections 447:457 orthogonal projections 436:457 orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS) 436:486 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs were discriminated using a multivariate analysis; orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). 26559536 0 29 theme Plasma 29:34 arg1 Proteins 36:43 Plasma Proteins 29:43 Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians 29:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 0 30 theme Japanese 48:55 arg1 Semisupercentenarians 57:77 Japanese Semisupercentenarians 48:77 Japanese Semisupercentenarians 48:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 0 31 from Semisupercentenarians 57:77 arg1 N-Glycosylation 10:24 N-Glycosylation 10:24 N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians 10:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 0 32 gly N-Glycosylation 10:24 arg1 Proteins 36:43 Plasma Proteins 29:43 Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians 29:77 Change in N-Glycosylation of Plasma Proteins in Japanese Semisupercentenarians. 26559536 6 33 theme healthy 1087:1093 arg1 aging 1095:1099 healthy aging 1087:1099 healthy aging 1087:1099 These results suggested that responses to inflammation may play an important role in extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 3 34 gly sialylated 548:557 arg1 N-glycans 559:567 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 522:567 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 522:615 The results obtained showed that multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans were increased in SSCs, while biantennary N-glycans were decreased. 26559536 4 35 gly sialylated 717:726 arg1 N-glycans 728:736 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 691:736 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 691:736 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 3 36 theme biantennary 647:657 arg1 N-glycans 659:667 biantennary N-glycans 647:667 biantennary N-glycans 647:667 The results obtained showed that multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans were increased in SSCs, while biantennary N-glycans were decreased. 26559536 4 37 theme multi-branched 691:704 arg1 N-glycans 728:736 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 691:736 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 691:736 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 1 38 theme liquid 270:275 arg1 LC/MS 311:315 LC/MS 311:315 LC/MS 311:315 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 38 theme liquid 270:275 arg1 spectrometry 297:308 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 270:308 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column 270:350 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 3 39 theme bisecting 597:605 arg1 N-glycans 607:615 agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 580:615 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 522:615 The results obtained showed that multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans were increased in SSCs, while biantennary N-glycans were decreased. 26559536 6 40 from aging 1095:1099 arg1 humans 1104:1109 humans 1104:1109 humans 1104:1109 These results suggested that responses to inflammation may play an important role in extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 4 41 theme sialylated 717:726 arg1 N-glycans 728:736 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 691:736 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 691:736 Since multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans have been implicated in anti-inflammatory activities, these changes may play a role in the enhanced chronic inflammation observed in SSCs. 26559536 3 42 theme multi-branched 522:535 arg1 N-glycans 559:567 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans 522:567 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 522:615 The results obtained showed that multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans were increased in SSCs, while biantennary N-glycans were decreased. 26559536 1 43 theme Japanese 139:146 arg1 years 189:193 mean 106.7 years 178:193 mean 106.7 years 178:193 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 43 theme Japanese 139:146 arg1 SSCs 171:174 SSCs 171:174 SSCs 171:174 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 43 theme Japanese 139:146 arg1 semisupercentenarians 148:168 Japanese semisupercentenarians 139:168 Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years) 139:194 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 44 theme mean 212:215 arg1 years 222:226 mean 71.6 years 212:226 mean 71.6 years 212:226 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 44 theme mean 212:215 arg1 controls 202:209 aged controls 197:209 aged controls (mean 71.6 years) 197:227 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 7 45 theme proteins 1173:1180 arg1 N-glycans 1153:1161 the N-glycans 1149:1161 the N-glycans of plasma proteins 1149:1180 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 3 46 theme agalacto- 580:588 arg1 N-glycans 607:615 agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 580:615 multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans 522:615 The results obtained showed that multi-branched and highly sialylated N-glycans as well as agalacto- and/or bisecting N-glycans were increased in SSCs, while biantennary N-glycans were decreased. 26559536 2 47 from N-glycans 368:376 arg1 SSCs 381:384 SSCs 381:384 SSCs 381:384 Characteristic N-glycans in SSCs were discriminated using a multivariate analysis; orthogonal projections to latent structures (O-PLS). 26559536 7 48 theme extreme 1203:1209 arg1 longevity 1211:1219 extreme longevity 1203:1219 extreme longevity 1203:1219 This is the first study to show that the N-glycans of plasma proteins were associated with extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 1 49 theme chromatography/mass 277:295 arg1 LC/MS 311:315 LC/MS 311:315 LC/MS 311:315 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 1 49 theme chromatography/mass 277:295 arg1 spectrometry 297:308 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 270:308 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column 270:350 An N-glycomic analysis of plasma proteins was performed in Japanese semisupercentenarians (SSCs) (mean 106.7 years), aged controls (mean 71.6 years), and young controls (mean 30.2 years) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using a graphitized carbon column. 26559536 6 50 from longevity 1073:1081 arg1 humans 1104:1109 humans 1104:1109 humans 1104:1109 These results suggested that responses to inflammation may play an important role in extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 26559536 6 51 theme extreme 1065:1071 arg1 longevity 1073:1081 extreme longevity 1065:1081 extreme longevity 1065:1081 These results suggested that responses to inflammation may play an important role in extreme longevity and healthy aging in humans. 27524389 10 0 theme mannose 2503:2509 arg1 conjugation 2511:2521 mannose conjugation 2503:2521 mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential 2503:2589 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 15 1 theme biosensing 3612:3621 arg1 interfaces 3623:3632 the glycosylated biosensing interfaces 3595:3632 the glycosylated biosensing interfaces 3595:3632 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 12 2 theme der 2933:2935 arg1 interactions 2943:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions 2888:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers 2888:2981 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 14 3 theme conductive 3252:3261 arg1 polymers 3263:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 12 4 theme Waals 2937:2941 arg1 interactions 2943:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions 2888:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers 2888:2981 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 14 5 theme carbohydrate-protein 3497:3516 arg1 interactions 3518:3529 carbohydrate-protein interactions 3497:3529 carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3497:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 15 6 theme resistance 3734:3743 arg1 studies 3745:3751 antibiotic resistance studies 3723:3751 antibiotic resistance studies 3723:3751 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 15 7 from studies 3745:3751 arg1 detection 3712:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 10 8 gly glycosylated 2375:2386 arg1 fabrications 2396:2407 glycosylated polymer fabrications 2375:2407 glycosylated polymer fabrications 2375:2407 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 14 9 theme functionalized 3224:3237 arg1 polymers 3263:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 3 10 theme fluorophores 554:565 arg1 lack 529:532 The lack 525:532 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures 525:592 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 14 11 theme ligands 3417:3423 arg1 states 3330:3335 controlled oxidation states 3309:3335 controlled oxidation states 3309:3335 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 11 theme ligands 3417:3423 arg1 orientation 3392:3402 orientation 3392:3402 orientation 3392:3402 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 11 theme ligands 3417:3423 arg1 density 3380:3386 the imperative density 3365:3386 the imperative density 3365:3386 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 11 theme ligands 3417:3423 arg1 dopants 3352:3358 desired ionic dopants 3338:3358 desired ionic dopants 3338:3358 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 7 12 theme complex 1597:1603 arg1 carbohydrates 1605:1617 the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1563:1617 the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1563:1617 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 10 13 theme preformed 2544:2552 arg1 polymer 2568:2574 electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer 2526:2574 electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer 2526:2574 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 6 14 theme biosensing 1352:1361 arg1 platforms 1363:1371 different biosensing platforms 1342:1371 different biosensing platforms 1342:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 3 15 from lack 529:532 arg1 structures 583:592 carbohydrate structures 570:592 carbohydrate structures 570:592 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 8 16 theme electrical 2197:2206 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 1 17 theme cell 219:222 arg1 surface 224:230 the cell surface 215:230 the cell surface 215:230 Carbohydrate-protein interactions occur through glycoproteins, glycolipids, or polysaccharides displayed on the cell surface with lectins. 27524389 7 18 theme simple 1586:1591 arg1 carbohydrates 1605:1617 the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1563:1617 the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1563:1617 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 4 19 theme labile 939:944 arg1 dynamics 946:953 labile dynamics 939:953 labile dynamics 939:953 Probing these interactions directly on the cell surface is even more difficult since cells could be too fragile for labeling or labile dynamics could be affected by the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities, resulting in unwanted cell responses. 27524389 15 20 theme bacterial 3702:3710 arg1 detection 3712:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 13 21 theme multimodal 3187:3196 arg1 fashion 3198:3204 multimodal fashion 3187:3204 multimodal fashion 3187:3204 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 8 22 with events 2174:2179 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 2 23 theme surface 354:360 arg1 heterogeneity 328:340 heterogeneity 328:340 heterogeneity 328:340 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 23 theme surface 354:360 arg1 complexity 313:322 the complexity 309:322 the complexity 309:322 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 23 theme surface 354:360 arg1 affinities 439:448 the typically weak affinities 420:448 the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates 420:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 23 theme surface 354:360 arg1 complexity 387:396 the inherent structural complexity 363:396 the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates 363:413 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 3 24 with work 720:723 arg1 risk 771:774 additional risk 760:774 additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics 760:808 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 15 25 theme clinical 3950:3957 arg1 diagnostics 3959:3969 clinical diagnostics 3950:3969 clinical diagnostics 3950:3969 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 7 26 theme glycopolymer 1519:1530 arg1 scaffolds 1532:1540 glycopolymer scaffolds 1519:1540 glycopolymer scaffolds 1519:1540 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 10 27 theme general 2337:2343 arg1 methods 2345:2351 Two general methods 2333:2351 Two general methods 2333:2351 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 1 28 gly glycoproteins 155:167 arg1 glycoproteins 155:167 glycoproteins 155:167 glycoproteins 155:167 Carbohydrate-protein interactions occur through glycoproteins, glycolipids, or polysaccharides displayed on the cell surface with lectins. 27524389 5 29 theme interactions 1171:1182 arg1 monitoring 1136:1145 real-time monitoring 1126:1145 real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states 1126:1206 In contrast, label-free biosensors allow real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states. 27524389 3 30 theme fluorescence 634:645 arg1 techniques 656:665 fluorescence labeling techniques 634:665 fluorescence labeling techniques 634:665 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 15 31 gly glycosylated 3599:3610 arg1 interfaces 3623:3632 the glycosylated biosensing interfaces 3595:3632 the glycosylated biosensing interfaces 3595:3632 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 10 32 theme fused 2562:2566 arg1 polymer 2568:2574 electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer 2526:2574 electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer 2526:2574 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 6 33 theme surfaces 1328:1335 arg1 interactions 1307:1318 potential interactions 1297:1318 potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms 1297:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 8 34 theme electrochemical 2086:2100 arg1 polymerization 2102:2115 electrochemical polymerization 2086:2115 electrochemical polymerization 2086:2115 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 15 35 theme infectious 3921:3930 arg1 research 3940:3947 infectious disease research 3921:3947 infectious disease research 3921:3947 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 12 36 theme electrostatic 2892:2904 arg1 interactions 2943:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions 2888:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers 2888:2981 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 10 37 theme different 2604:2612 arg1 moieties 2627:2634 different carbohydrate moieties 2604:2634 different carbohydrate moieties 2604:2634 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 7 38 theme carbohydrate 1476:1487 arg1 monolayers 1504:1513 carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers 1476:1513 carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers 1476:1513 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 10 39 from electropolymerization 2416:2436 arg1 manner 2677:2682 a similar manner 2667:2682 a similar manner 2667:2682 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 5 40 theme real-time 1126:1134 arg1 monitoring 1136:1145 real-time monitoring 1126:1145 real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states 1126:1206 In contrast, label-free biosensors allow real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states. 27524389 13 41 theme interactions 3120:3131 arg1 interrogation 3097:3109 concurrent interrogation 3086:3109 concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms 3086:3182 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 7 42 theme electrical 1733:1742 arg1 sensors 1744:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 42 theme electrical 1733:1742 arg1 readouts 1665:1672 label-free readouts 1654:1672 label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors) 1654:1751 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 6 43 theme potential 1297:1305 arg1 interactions 1307:1318 potential interactions 1297:1318 potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms 1297:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 6 44 theme binding 1398:1404 arg1 process 1406:1412 the complementary binding process 1380:1412 the complementary binding process 1380:1412 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 3 45 theme synthetic 710:718 arg1 work 720:723 tedious and complex synthetic work 690:723 tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics 690:808 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 8 46 theme functionalized 1912:1925 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 46 theme functionalized 1912:1925 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 15 47 theme susceptibility 3772:3785 arg1 assays 3787:3792 antimicrobial susceptibility assays 3758:3792 antimicrobial susceptibility assays 3758:3792 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 10 48 theme construct 2640:2648 arg1 arrays 2657:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 8 49 theme simultaneous 2137:2148 arg1 analysis 2150:2157 the simultaneous analysis 2133:2157 the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2133:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 50 theme conductive 1940:1949 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 50 theme conductive 1940:1949 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 10 51 dep electropolymerization 2416:2436 arg1 i.e. 2410:2413 i.e. 2410:2413 i.e. 2410:2413 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 4 52 theme cell 1069:1072 arg1 responses 1074:1082 unwanted cell responses 1060:1082 unwanted cell responses 1060:1082 Probing these interactions directly on the cell surface is even more difficult since cells could be too fragile for labeling or labile dynamics could be affected by the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities, resulting in unwanted cell responses. 27524389 11 53 theme large 2729:2733 arg1 number 2735:2740 a large number 2727:2740 a large number of recurrent monomer units 2727:2767 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 10 54 theme polymer 2388:2394 arg1 fabrications 2396:2407 glycosylated polymer fabrications 2375:2407 glycosylated polymer fabrications 2375:2407 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 5 55 from monitoring 1136:1145 arg1 states 1201:1206 their natural states 1187:1206 their natural states 1187:1206 In contrast, label-free biosensors allow real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states. 27524389 14 56 theme controlled 3309:3318 arg1 states 3330:3335 controlled oxidation states 3309:3335 controlled oxidation states 3309:3335 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 57 theme detailed 3546:3553 arg1 information 3555:3565 detailed information 3546:3565 detailed information 3546:3565 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 12 58 theme conductivity 3007:3018 arg1 change 2997:3002 a change 2995:3002 a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers 2995:3067 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 7 59 theme due 1842:1844 arg1 aspects 1794:1800 only limited aspects 1781:1800 only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction 1781:1873 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 4 60 theme cellular 1026:1033 arg1 activities 1035:1044 the cellular activities 1022:1044 the cellular activities 1022:1044 Probing these interactions directly on the cell surface is even more difficult since cells could be too fragile for labeling or labile dynamics could be affected by the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities, resulting in unwanted cell responses. 27524389 12 61 theme side 2863:2866 arg1 chain 2868:2872 the side chain 2859:2872 the side chain 2859:2872 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 8 62 theme binding 2166:2172 arg1 events 2174:2179 the binding events 2162:2179 the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2162:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 7 63 theme biointeraction 1817:1830 arg1 processes 1832:1840 complicated biointeraction processes 1805:1840 complicated biointeraction processes 1805:1840 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 8 64 gly glycosylated 1927:1938 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 64 gly glycosylated 1927:1938 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 11 65 theme monomer 2755:2761 arg1 units 2763:2767 recurrent monomer units 2745:2767 recurrent monomer units 2745:2767 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 7 66 dep sensors 1744:1750 arg1 e.g. 1675:1678 e.g. 1675:1678 e.g. 1675:1678 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 8 67 theme mass 2221:2224 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 68 theme multimodal 1983:1992 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 68 theme multimodal 1983:1992 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 12 69 theme polymers 3060:3067 arg1 conductivity 3007:3018 conductivity 3007:3018 conductivity 3007:3018 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 12 69 theme polymers 3060:3067 arg1 absorption 3031:3040 optical absorption 3023:3040 optical absorption 3023:3040 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 12 70 theme carbohydrate-protein 2822:2841 arg1 interactions 2843:2854 The carbohydrate-protein interactions 2818:2854 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain 2818:2872 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 13 71 theme biological 3148:3157 arg1 processes 3159:3167 adjoining biological processes 3138:3167 adjoining biological processes 3138:3167 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 0 72 theme Glycosylated 0:11 arg1 Polymer 24:30 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer 0:30 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 0:105 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 27524389 7 73 theme limited 1786:1792 arg1 aspects 1794:1800 only limited aspects 1781:1800 only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction 1781:1873 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 2 74 theme reactions 465:473 arg1 heterogeneity 328:340 heterogeneity 328:340 heterogeneity 328:340 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 74 theme reactions 465:473 arg1 complexity 313:322 the complexity 309:322 the complexity 309:322 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 74 theme reactions 465:473 arg1 affinities 439:448 the typically weak affinities 420:448 the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates 420:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 74 theme reactions 465:473 arg1 complexity 387:396 the inherent structural complexity 363:396 the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates 363:413 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 8 75 theme optical 2209:2215 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 12 76 theme absorption 3031:3040 arg1 change 2997:3002 a change 2995:3002 a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers 2995:3067 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 3 77 theme fluorescent 738:748 arg1 tags 750:753 conjugate fluorescent tags 728:753 conjugate fluorescent tags 728:753 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 5 78 theme label-free 1098:1107 arg1 biosensors 1109:1118 label-free biosensors 1098:1118 label-free biosensors 1098:1118 In contrast, label-free biosensors allow real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states. 27524389 3 79 theme chromophores 537:548 arg1 lack 529:532 The lack 525:532 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures 525:592 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 8 80 theme sensing 2226:2232 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 81 theme immobilization 2035:2048 arg1 process 2050:2056 the immobilization process 2031:2056 the immobilization process for surface fabrication 2031:2080 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 2 82 theme inherent 367:374 arg1 complexity 387:396 the inherent structural complexity 363:396 the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates 363:413 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 13 83 theme concurrent 3086:3095 arg1 interrogation 3097:3109 concurrent interrogation 3086:3109 concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms 3086:3182 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 0 84 dep Polymer 24:30 arg1 Biointerface 46:57 A Multimodal Biointerface 33:57 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 0:105 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 27524389 3 85 theme carbohydrate 570:581 arg1 structures 583:592 carbohydrate structures 570:592 carbohydrate structures 570:592 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 14 86 gly glycosylated 3239:3250 arg1 polymers 3263:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 15 87 theme glycosylated 3599:3610 arg1 interfaces 3623:3632 the glycosylated biosensing interfaces 3595:3632 the glycosylated biosensing interfaces 3595:3632 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 3 88 theme reaction 792:799 arg1 dynamics 801:808 the reaction dynamics 788:808 the reaction dynamics 788:808 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 6 89 theme complementary 1384:1396 arg1 process 1406:1412 the complementary binding process 1380:1412 the complementary binding process 1380:1412 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 2 90 theme carbohydrates 401:413 arg1 heterogeneity 328:340 heterogeneity 328:340 heterogeneity 328:340 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 90 theme carbohydrates 401:413 arg1 complexity 313:322 the complexity 309:322 the complexity 309:322 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 90 theme carbohydrates 401:413 arg1 affinities 439:448 the typically weak affinities 420:448 the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates 420:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 90 theme carbohydrates 401:413 arg1 complexity 387:396 the inherent structural complexity 363:396 the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates 363:413 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 7 91 theme carbohydrates 1605:1617 arg1 multivalency 1547:1558 the multivalency 1543:1558 the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1543:1617 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 8 92 theme surface 2062:2068 arg1 fabrication 2070:2080 surface fabrication 2062:2080 surface fabrication 2062:2080 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 15 93 theme antibiotic 3723:3732 arg1 studies 3745:3751 antibiotic resistance studies 3723:3751 antibiotic resistance studies 3723:3751 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 2 94 gly heterogeneity 328:340 arg1 carbohydrates 401:413 carbohydrates 401:413 carbohydrates 401:413 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 94 gly heterogeneity 328:340 arg1 surface 354:360 the cell surface 345:360 the cell surface 345:360 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 2 94 gly heterogeneity 328:340 arg1 reactions 465:473 the binding reactions 453:473 the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates 453:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 14 95 theme glycosylated 3239:3250 arg1 polymers 3263:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers 3220:3270 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 3 96 theme such 607:610 arg1 investigations 612:625 such investigations 607:625 such investigations 607:625 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 11 97 theme conjugated 2692:2701 arg1 system 2705:2710 Their conjugated π system 2686:2710 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units 2686:2767 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 13 98 theme adjoining 3138:3146 arg1 processes 3159:3167 adjoining biological processes 3138:3167 adjoining biological processes 3138:3167 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 10 99 theme click 2481:2485 arg1 chemistry 2487:2495 click chemistry 2481:2495 click chemistry 2481:2495 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 15 100 theme antimicrobial 3758:3770 arg1 assays 3787:3792 antimicrobial susceptibility assays 3758:3792 antimicrobial susceptibility assays 3758:3792 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 14 101 theme sugar 3411:3415 arg1 ligands 3417:3423 the sugar ligands 3407:3423 the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3407:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 7 102 theme existing 1577:1584 arg1 carbohydrates 1605:1617 the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1563:1617 the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates 1563:1617 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 15 103 theme Gram-negative 3688:3700 arg1 detection 3712:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 10 104 theme carbohydrate 2614:2625 arg1 moieties 2627:2634 different carbohydrate moieties 2604:2634 different carbohydrate moieties 2604:2634 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 6 105 theme different 1342:1350 arg1 platforms 1363:1371 different biosensing platforms 1342:1371 different biosensing platforms 1342:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 3 106 theme labeling 647:654 arg1 techniques 656:665 fluorescence labeling techniques 634:665 fluorescence labeling techniques 634:665 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 7 107 theme such 1758:1761 arg1 inquiries 1763:1771 such inquiries 1758:1771 such inquiries 1758:1771 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 15 108 from assays 3787:3792 arg1 detection 3712:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 6 109 theme useful 1439:1444 arg1 signal 1446:1451 a useful signal 1437:1451 a useful signal noninvasively 1437:1465 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 2 110 theme cell 349:352 arg1 surface 354:360 the cell surface 345:360 the cell surface 345:360 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 10 111 with conjugation 2511:2521 arg1 potential 2581:2589 potential 2581:2589 potential 2581:2589 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 15 112 dep potential 3903:3911 arg1 uses 3913:3916 uses 3913:3916 uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens 3913:4020 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 14 113 theme imperative 3369:3378 arg1 density 3380:3386 the imperative density 3365:3386 the imperative density 3365:3386 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 12 114 from interactions 2843:2854 arg1 chain 2868:2872 the side chain 2859:2872 the side chain 2859:2872 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 10 115 theme quinone 2554:2560 arg1 polymer 2568:2574 electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer 2526:2574 electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer 2526:2574 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 11 116 theme units 2763:2767 arg1 number 2735:2740 a large number 2727:2740 a large number of recurrent monomer units 2727:2767 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 6 117 theme cell 1323:1326 arg1 surfaces 1328:1335 cell surfaces 1323:1335 cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms 1323:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 10 118 theme glycosylated 2375:2386 arg1 fabrications 2396:2407 glycosylated polymer fabrications 2375:2407 glycosylated polymer fabrications 2375:2407 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 14 119 theme ionic 3346:3350 arg1 dopants 3352:3358 desired ionic dopants 3338:3358 desired ionic dopants 3338:3358 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 5 120 theme natural 1193:1199 arg1 states 1201:1206 their natural states 1187:1206 their natural states 1187:1206 In contrast, label-free biosensors allow real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states. 27524389 15 121 theme disease 3932:3938 arg1 research 3940:3947 infectious disease research 3921:3947 infectious disease research 3921:3947 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 12 122 theme van 2929:2931 arg1 interactions 2943:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions 2888:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers 2888:2981 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 10 123 from arrays 2657:2662 arg1 manner 2677:2682 a similar manner 2667:2682 a similar manner 2667:2682 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 7 124 theme self-assembled 1489:1502 arg1 monolayers 1504:1513 carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers 1476:1513 carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers 1476:1513 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 14 125 with interactions 3518:3529 arg1 information 3555:3565 detailed information 3546:3565 detailed information 3546:3565 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 125 with interactions 3518:3529 arg1 accuracy 3576:3583 high accuracy 3571:3583 high accuracy 3571:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 3 126 theme complex 702:708 arg1 work 720:723 tedious and complex synthetic work 690:723 tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics 690:808 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 14 127 theme more 3541:3544 arg1 information 3555:3565 detailed information 3546:3565 detailed information 3546:3565 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 7 128 theme electrochemical 1712:1726 arg1 sensors 1744:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 128 theme electrochemical 1712:1726 arg1 readouts 1665:1672 label-free readouts 1654:1672 label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors) 1654:1751 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 4 129 theme labeled 980:986 arg1 molecules 988:996 the labeled molecules 976:996 the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities 976:1044 Probing these interactions directly on the cell surface is even more difficult since cells could be too fragile for labeling or labile dynamics could be affected by the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities, resulting in unwanted cell responses. 27524389 11 130 theme optoelectronic 2792:2805 arg1 materials 2807:2815 optoelectronic materials 2792:2815 optoelectronic materials 2792:2815 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 11 131 theme π 2703:2703 arg1 system 2705:2710 Their conjugated π system 2686:2710 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units 2686:2767 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 13 132 with interrogation 3097:3109 arg1 processes 3159:3167 adjoining biological processes 3138:3167 adjoining biological processes 3138:3167 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 13 132 with interrogation 3097:3109 arg1 mechanisms 3173:3182 mechanisms 3173:3182 mechanisms 3173:3182 This will allow concurrent interrogation of these interactions with adjoining biological processes and mechanisms in multimodal fashion. 27524389 0 133 theme Carbohydrate-Protein 72:91 arg1 Interactions 93:104 Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions 72:104 Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions 72:104 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 27524389 5 134 theme carbohydrate-protein 1150:1169 arg1 interactions 1171:1182 carbohydrate-protein interactions 1150:1182 carbohydrate-protein interactions 1150:1182 In contrast, label-free biosensors allow real-time monitoring of carbohydrate-protein interactions in their natural states. 27524389 3 135 theme tedious 690:696 arg1 work 720:723 tedious and complex synthetic work 690:723 tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics 690:808 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 14 136 theme high 3571:3574 arg1 accuracy 3576:3583 high accuracy 3571:3583 high accuracy 3571:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 137 theme receptor 3468:3475 arg1 profiles 3485:3492 differential receptor binding profiles 3455:3492 differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3455:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 7 138 theme mechanical 1700:1709 arg1 sensors 1744:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 138 theme mechanical 1700:1709 arg1 readouts 1665:1672 label-free readouts 1654:1672 label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors) 1654:1751 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 6 139 theme coding 1275:1280 arg1 information 1282:1292 the coding information 1271:1292 the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms 1271:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 12 140 theme H-bonding 2907:2915 arg1 interactions 2943:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions 2888:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers 2888:2981 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 6 141 from information 1282:1292 arg1 interactions 1307:1318 potential interactions 1297:1318 potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms 1297:1371 A prerequisite, though, for this strategy to work is to mimic the coding information on potential interactions of cell surfaces onto different biosensing platforms, while the complementary binding process can be transduced into a useful signal noninvasively. 27524389 14 142 theme desired 3338:3344 arg1 dopants 3352:3358 desired ionic dopants 3338:3358 desired ionic dopants 3338:3358 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 8 143 theme glycosylated 1927:1938 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 143 theme glycosylated 1927:1938 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 7 144 theme unimodal 1853:1860 arg1 transduction 1862:1873 the unimodal transduction 1849:1873 the unimodal transduction 1849:1873 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 145 theme acoustic 1690:1697 arg1 sensors 1744:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 145 theme acoustic 1690:1697 arg1 readouts 1665:1672 label-free readouts 1654:1672 label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors) 1654:1751 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 4 146 theme unwanted 1060:1067 arg1 responses 1074:1082 unwanted cell responses 1060:1082 unwanted cell responses 1060:1082 Probing these interactions directly on the cell surface is even more difficult since cells could be too fragile for labeling or labile dynamics could be affected by the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities, resulting in unwanted cell responses. 27524389 10 147 theme monomer 2441:2447 arg1 arrays 2657:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 10 147 theme monomer 2441:2447 arg1 electropolymerization 2416:2436 electropolymerization 2416:2436 electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties 2416:2634 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 8 148 theme events 2174:2179 arg1 analysis 2150:2157 the simultaneous analysis 2133:2157 the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2133:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 15 149 theme pathogens 4012:4020 arg1 research 3940:3947 infectious disease research 3921:3947 infectious disease research 3921:3947 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 15 149 theme pathogens 4012:4020 arg1 diagnostics 3959:3969 clinical diagnostics 3950:3969 clinical diagnostics 3950:3969 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 15 149 theme pathogens 4012:4020 arg1 monitoring 3990:3999 environmental monitoring 3976:3999 environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens 3976:4020 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 8 150 theme polymer 1951:1957 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 150 theme polymer 1951:1957 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 7 151 theme optical 1681:1687 arg1 sensors 1744:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 151 theme optical 1681:1687 arg1 readouts 1665:1672 label-free readouts 1654:1672 label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors) 1654:1751 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 11 152 theme recurrent 2745:2753 arg1 units 2763:2767 recurrent monomer units 2745:2767 recurrent monomer units 2745:2767 Their conjugated π system extending over a large number of recurrent monomer units renders them sensitive optoelectronic materials. 27524389 4 153 theme cell 854:857 arg1 surface 859:865 the cell surface 850:865 the cell surface 850:865 Probing these interactions directly on the cell surface is even more difficult since cells could be too fragile for labeling or labile dynamics could be affected by the labeled molecules that may interfere with the cellular activities, resulting in unwanted cell responses. 27524389 8 154 theme orthogonal 2186:2195 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 10 155 dep fabrications 2396:2407 arg1 arrays 2657:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 10 155 dep fabrications 2396:2407 arg1 electropolymerization 2416:2436 electropolymerization 2416:2436 electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties 2416:2634 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 14 156 theme interactions 3518:3529 arg1 profiles 3485:3492 differential receptor binding profiles 3455:3492 differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3455:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 7 157 theme processes 1832:1840 arg1 aspects 1794:1800 only limited aspects 1781:1800 only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction 1781:1873 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 10 158 theme glycan 2650:2655 arg1 arrays 2657:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 construct glycan arrays 2640:2662 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 2 159 theme weak 434:437 arg1 affinities 439:448 the typically weak affinities 420:448 the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates 420:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 0 160 theme Conductive 13:22 arg1 Polymer 24:30 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer 0:30 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 0:105 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 27524389 15 161 theme environmental 3976:3988 arg1 monitoring 3990:3999 environmental monitoring 3976:3999 environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens 3976:4020 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 8 162 theme ideal 1977:1981 arg1 biointerfaces 1994:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces 1973:2006 the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 1973:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 8 162 theme ideal 1977:1981 arg1 scaffolds 1959:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds 1912:1967 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 1 163 theme Carbohydrate-protein 107:126 arg1 interactions 128:139 Carbohydrate-protein interactions 107:139 Carbohydrate-protein interactions 107:139 Carbohydrate-protein interactions occur through glycoproteins, glycolipids, or polysaccharides displayed on the cell surface with lectins. 27524389 7 164 theme complicated 1805:1815 arg1 processes 1832:1840 complicated biointeraction processes 1805:1840 complicated biointeraction processes 1805:1840 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 12 165 theme conductive 3049:3058 arg1 polymers 3060:3067 the conductive polymers 3045:3067 the conductive polymers 3045:3067 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 10 166 theme α-mannoside 2457:2467 arg1 residues 2469:2476 α-mannoside residues 2457:2476 α-mannoside residues 2457:2476 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 14 167 theme profiles 3485:3492 arg1 assessment 3441:3450 the assessment 3437:3450 the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3437:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 15 168 theme carbohydrate-protein 3818:3837 arg1 interactions 3839:3850 carbohydrate-protein interactions 3818:3850 carbohydrate-protein interactions 3818:3850 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 10 169 theme similar 2669:2675 arg1 manner 2677:2682 a similar manner 2667:2682 a similar manner 2667:2682 Two general methods were demonstrated for glycosylated polymer fabrications (i.e., electropolymerization of monomer bearing α-mannoside residues or click chemistry based mannose conjugation to electrochemically preformed quinone fused polymer with potential to introduce different carbohydrate moieties and construct glycan arrays in a similar manner). 27524389 3 170 theme conjugate 728:736 arg1 tags 750:753 conjugate fluorescent tags 728:753 conjugate fluorescent tags 728:753 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 2 171 theme binding 457:463 arg1 reactions 465:473 the binding reactions 453:473 the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates 453:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 0 172 theme Multimodal 35:44 arg1 Biointerface 46:57 A Multimodal Biointerface 33:57 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 0:105 Glycosylated Conductive Polymer: A Multimodal Biointerface for Studying Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions. 27524389 15 173 theme cell 3864:3867 arg1 surfaces 3869:3876 cell surfaces 3864:3876 cell surfaces 3864:3876 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 12 174 theme optical 3023:3029 arg1 absorption 3031:3040 optical absorption 3023:3040 optical absorption 3023:3040 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 8 175 theme label-free 2234:2243 arg1 readouts 2245:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts 2186:2252 In this Account, we illustrate that functionalized glycosylated conductive polymer scaffolds are the ideal multimodal biointerfaces that not only simplify the immobilization process for surface fabrication via electrochemical polymerization but also enable the simultaneous analysis of the binding events with orthogonal electrical, optical, or mass sensing label-free readouts. 27524389 15 176 from applications 3672:3683 arg1 detection 3712:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Gram-negative bacterial detection 3688:3720 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 2 177 theme monovalent 499:508 arg1 carbohydrates 510:522 monovalent carbohydrates 499:522 monovalent carbohydrates 499:522 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 3 178 theme additional 760:769 arg1 risk 771:774 additional risk 760:774 additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics 760:808 The lack of chromophores and fluorophores in carbohydrate structures often drives such investigations toward fluorescence labeling techniques, which usually require tedious and complex synthetic work to conjugate fluorescent tags with additional risk of altering the reaction dynamics. 27524389 15 179 theme harmful 4004:4010 arg1 pathogens 4012:4020 harmful pathogens 4004:4020 harmful pathogens 4004:4020 Finally, the glycosylated biosensing interfaces were successfully validated for their applications in Gram-negative bacterial detection, antibiotic resistance studies, and antimicrobial susceptibility assays, all based on inferring carbohydrate-protein interactions directly on cell surfaces, thus illustrating their potential uses in infectious disease research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring of harmful pathogens. 27524389 2 180 theme structural 376:385 arg1 complexity 387:396 the inherent structural complexity 363:396 the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates 363:413 However, studying these interactions is challenging because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the cell surface, the inherent structural complexity of carbohydrates, and the typically weak affinities of the binding reactions between the lectins and monovalent carbohydrates. 27524389 14 181 theme binding 3477:3483 arg1 profiles 3485:3492 differential receptor binding profiles 3455:3492 differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3455:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 7 182 theme label-free 1654:1663 arg1 sensors 1744:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors 1681:1750 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 7 182 theme label-free 1654:1663 arg1 readouts 1665:1672 label-free readouts 1654:1672 label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors) 1654:1751 Through carbohydrate self-assembled monolayers and glycopolymer scaffolds, the multivalency of the naturally existing simple and complex carbohydrates can be mimicked and exploited with label-free readouts (e.g., optical, acoustic, mechanical, electrochemical, and electrical sensors), yet such inquiries reflect only limited aspects of complicated biointeraction processes due to the unimodal transduction. 27524389 12 183 theme steric 2918:2923 arg1 interactions 2943:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions 2888:2954 the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers 2888:2981 The carbohydrate-protein interactions on the side chain could disrupt the electrostatic, H-bonding, steric, or van der Waals interactions within or between polymers, leading to a change of conductivity or optical absorption of the conductive polymers. 27524389 14 184 theme differential 3455:3466 arg1 profiles 3485:3492 differential receptor binding profiles 3455:3492 differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy 3455:3583 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 27524389 14 185 theme oxidation 3320:3328 arg1 states 3330:3335 controlled oxidation states 3309:3335 controlled oxidation states 3309:3335 Furthermore, the functionalized glycosylated conductive polymers can be designed and synthesized with controlled oxidation states, desired ionic dopants, and the imperative density and orientation of the sugar ligands that enable the assessment of differential receptor binding profiles of carbohydrate-protein interactions with much more detailed information and high accuracy. 28645725 12 0 theme HepAD38 1694:1700 arg1 cells 1702:1706 HepAD38 cells 1694:1706 HepAD38 cells 1694:1706 Our results showed that the expression of HBV triggers higher sialylation in HepAD38 cells. 28645725 7 1 theme N-glycan 1061:1068 arg1 composition 1070:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition 1044:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1044:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 9 2 gly sialylated 1364:1373 arg1 one-third 1290:1298 one-third 1290:1298 one-third 1290:1298 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 9 2 gly sialylated 1364:1373 arg1 N-glycans 1326:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans 1303:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 1303:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 11 3 theme fucosylated 1556:1566 arg1 type 1568:1571 the total fucosylated type 1546:1571 the total fucosylated type 1546:1571 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 3 theme fucosylated 1556:1566 arg1 % 1593:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 13 4 theme N-glycosylation 1803:1817 arg1 pattern 1819:1825 the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1786:1825 the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1786:1825 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 2 5 theme liver 317:321 arg1 cells 323:327 normal liver cells 310:327 normal liver cells 310:327 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 11 6 theme surface 1488:1494 arg1 expression 1506:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression 1479:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively 1479:1614 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 13 7 theme HBV 1743:1745 arg1 expression 1747:1756 HBV expression 1743:1756 HBV expression 1743:1756 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 5 8 theme tetracycline 751:762 arg1 [tet 764:767 tetracycline [tet 751:767 tetracycline [tet(+)] 751:771 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 2 9 theme HCC 301:303 arg1 Development 286:296 B. Development 283:296 B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells 283:327 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 3 10 theme cell 529:532 arg1 N-glycans 542:550 the cell surface N-glycans 525:550 the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells 525:578 However, little is understood about the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells. 28645725 4 11 theme HepAD38 631:637 arg1 line 644:647 the HepAD38 cell line 627:647 the HepAD38 cell line 627:647 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 5 12 theme synthesis 857:865 arg1 repression 823:832 the repression 819:832 the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 819:865 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 4 13 theme line 644:647 arg1 advantage 614:622 advantage 614:622 advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium 614:729 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 3 14 theme HBV-infected 555:566 arg1 cells 574:578 HBV-infected liver cells 555:578 HBV-infected liver cells 555:578 However, little is understood about the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells. 28645725 5 15 theme cell 779:782 arg1 line 784:787 this cell line 774:787 this cell line 774:787 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 7 16 theme surface 1053:1059 arg1 composition 1070:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition 1044:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1044:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 1 17 theme smallest 116:123 arg1 virus 155:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus 112:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans 112:182 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 17 theme smallest 116:123 arg1 virus 97:101 Hepatitis B virus 85:101 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 85:107 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 2 18 theme tumor 427:431 arg1 cells 433:437 tumor cells 427:437 tumor cells 427:437 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 0 19 theme B 76:76 arg1 virus 78:82 Hepatitis B virus 66:82 Hepatitis B virus 66:82 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 4 20 from absence 681:687 arg1 medium 724:729 growth medium 717:729 growth medium 717:729 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 1 21 theme double-stranded 135:149 arg1 virus 155:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus 112:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans 112:182 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 21 theme double-stranded 135:149 arg1 virus 97:101 Hepatitis B virus 85:101 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 85:107 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 9 22 located found 1336:1340 arg1 HepAD38 1351:1357 HepAD38 1351:1357 HepAD38 1351:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 9 22 located found 1336:1340 arg2 N-glycans 1326:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans 1303:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 1303:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 9 22 located found 1336:1340 arg1 tet 1345:1347 tet 1345:1347 tet 1345:1347 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 2 23 theme hepatocellular 213:226 arg1 HCC 239:241 HCC 239:241 HCC 239:241 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 2 23 theme hepatocellular 213:226 arg1 carcinoma 228:236 hepatocellular carcinoma 213:236 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases 213:248 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 7 24 theme glycosyltransferases 1019:1038 arg1 expression 1005:1014 the expression 1001:1014 the expression of glycosyltransferases 1001:1038 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 7 24 theme glycosyltransferases 1019:1038 arg1 composition 1070:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition 1044:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1044:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 9 25 theme total 1307:1311 arg1 N-glycans 1326:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans 1303:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 1303:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 4 26 from medium 724:729 arg1 absence 681:687 the absence 677:687 the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium 677:729 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 9 27 theme surface 1318:1324 arg1 N-glycans 1326:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans 1303:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 1303:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 0 28 theme Hepatitis 66:74 arg1 virus 78:82 Hepatitis B virus 66:82 Hepatitis B virus 66:82 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 10 29 theme tet 1383:1385 arg1 HepAD38 1389:1395 tet(+)HepAD38 1383:1395 tet(+)HepAD38 1383:1395 As for tet(+)HepAD38, sialylation was 6% lower compared to the tet(-) cells. 28645725 0 30 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 alteration 22:31 Cell surface N-glycan alteration 0:31 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 0:83 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 1 31 theme Hepatitis 85:93 arg1 virus 155:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus 112:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans 112:182 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 31 theme Hepatitis 85:93 arg1 HBV 104:106 HBV 104:106 HBV 104:106 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 31 theme Hepatitis 85:93 arg1 virus 97:101 Hepatitis B virus 85:101 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 85:107 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 5 32 dep [tet 764:767 arg1 + 769:769 + 769:769 + 769:769 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 5 32 dep [tet 764:767 arg1 presence 739:746 presence 739:746 presence 739:746 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 5 32 dep [tet 764:767 arg1 the 735:737 the 735:737 the 735:737 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 2 33 theme surface 365:371 arg1 N-glycans 373:381 cell surface N-glycans 360:381 cell surface N-glycans 360:381 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 0 34 theme N-glycan 13:20 arg1 alteration 22:31 Cell surface N-glycan alteration 0:31 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 0:83 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 10 35 theme tet 1439:1441 arg1 cells 1446:1450 the tet(-) cells 1435:1450 the tet(-) cells 1435:1450 As for tet(+)HepAD38, sialylation was 6% lower compared to the tet(-) cells. 28645725 13 36 theme glycosyltransferases 1856:1875 arg1 levels 1846:1851 the expression levels 1831:1851 the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells 1831:1892 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 13 36 theme glycosyltransferases 1856:1875 arg1 alteration 1772:1781 the alteration 1768:1781 the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1768:1825 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 5 37 theme pg 849:850 arg1 synthesis 857:865 pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 837:865 pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 837:865 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 3 38 theme cells 574:578 arg1 N-glycans 542:550 the cell surface N-glycans 525:550 the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells 525:578 However, little is understood about the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells. 28645725 12 39 gly sialylation 1679:1689 arg1 cells 1702:1706 HepAD38 cells 1694:1706 HepAD38 cells 1694:1706 Our results showed that the expression of HBV triggers higher sialylation in HepAD38 cells. 28645725 0 40 theme cell 44:47 arg1 lines 49:53 HepAD38 cell lines 36:53 HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus 36:82 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 13 41 theme HepAD38 1880:1886 arg1 cells 1888:1892 HepAD38 cells 1880:1892 HepAD38 cells 1880:1892 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 5 42 theme RNA 853:855 arg1 synthesis 857:865 pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 837:865 pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 837:865 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 4 43 theme tetracycline 692:703 arg1 [tet 705:708 tetracycline [tet 692:708 tetracycline [tet 692:708 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 11 44 theme complex 1530:1536 arg1 type 1538:1541 the total complex type 1520:1541 the total complex type 1520:1541 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 44 theme complex 1530:1536 arg1 % 1593:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 6 45 theme viral 922:926 arg1 pgRNA 928:932 viral pgRNA 922:932 viral pgRNA 922:932 In culture medium without tetracycline, cells express viral pgRNA and start to secrete virions into the supernatant. 28645725 11 46 theme type 1568:1571 arg1 expression 1506:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression 1479:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively 1479:1614 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 12 47 theme higher 1672:1677 arg1 sialylation 1679:1689 higher sialylation 1672:1689 higher sialylation in HepAD38 cells 1672:1706 Our results showed that the expression of HBV triggers higher sialylation in HepAD38 cells. 28645725 5 48 theme pregenomic 837:846 arg1 synthesis 857:865 pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 837:865 pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 837:865 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 7 49 theme tet 1085:1087 arg1 HepAD38 1103:1109 tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1085:1109 tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1085:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 11 50 theme total 1550:1554 arg1 type 1568:1571 the total fucosylated type 1546:1571 the total fucosylated type 1546:1571 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 50 theme total 1550:1554 arg1 % 1593:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 13 51 theme surface 1795:1801 arg1 pattern 1819:1825 the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1786:1825 the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1786:1825 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 12 52 from sialylation 1679:1689 arg1 cells 1702:1706 HepAD38 cells 1694:1706 HepAD38 cells 1694:1706 Our results showed that the expression of HBV triggers higher sialylation in HepAD38 cells. 28645725 2 53 theme cases 244:248 arg1 cases 244:248 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases 213:248 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases 213:248 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 2 53 theme cases 244:248 arg1 % 208:208 more than 50% 196:208 more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases 196:248 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 2 53 theme cases 244:248 arg1 Worldwide 185:193 Worldwide 185:193 Worldwide 185:193 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 5 54 from virus 806:810 arg1 free 792:795 free 792:795 free 792:795 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 13 55 theme pattern 1819:1825 arg1 levels 1846:1851 the expression levels 1831:1851 the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells 1831:1892 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 13 55 theme pattern 1819:1825 arg1 alteration 1772:1781 the alteration 1768:1781 the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1768:1825 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 1 56 theme DNA 151:153 arg1 virus 155:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus 112:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans 112:182 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 56 theme DNA 151:153 arg1 virus 97:101 Hepatitis B virus 85:101 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 85:107 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 12 57 theme HBV 1659:1661 arg1 expression 1645:1654 the expression 1641:1654 the expression of HBV 1641:1661 Our results showed that the expression of HBV triggers higher sialylation in HepAD38 cells. 28645725 4 58 theme growth 717:722 arg1 medium 724:729 growth medium 717:729 growth medium 717:729 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 2 59 theme chronic 265:271 arg1 Hepatitis 273:281 chronic Hepatitis 265:281 chronic Hepatitis 265:281 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 11 60 theme N-glycans 1496:1504 arg1 expression 1506:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression 1479:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively 1479:1614 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 2 61 theme cancer 481:486 arg1 progression 466:476 the progression 462:476 the progression of cancer 462:486 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 8 62 dep GnT-II 1185:1190 arg1 whereas 1222:1228 whereas 1222:1228 whereas 1222:1228 Among the glycosyltransferases upregulated by the expression of HBV were GnT-II, GnT-IVa, ST6Gal1, and GnT-V, whereas GnT-I, GnT-III, β4GalT1, and FUT8 were downregulated. 28645725 11 63 theme cell 1483:1486 arg1 expression 1506:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression 1479:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively 1479:1614 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 64 gly fucosylated 1556:1566 arg1 type 1568:1571 the total fucosylated type 1546:1571 the total fucosylated type 1546:1571 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 64 gly fucosylated 1556:1566 arg1 % 1593:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 65 theme total 1524:1528 arg1 type 1538:1541 the total complex type 1520:1541 the total complex type 1520:1541 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 11 65 theme total 1524:1528 arg1 % 1593:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 about 50% 1585:1593 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 13 66 theme cell 1790:1793 arg1 pattern 1819:1825 the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1786:1825 the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern 1786:1825 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 2 67 theme carcinoma 228:236 arg1 cases 244:248 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases 213:248 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases 213:248 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 4 68 theme cell 639:642 arg1 line 644:647 the HepAD38 cell line 627:647 the HepAD38 cell line 627:647 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 2 69 theme B. 283:284 arg1 Development 286:296 B. Development 283:296 B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells 283:327 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 7 70 theme cell 1048:1051 arg1 composition 1070:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition 1044:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1044:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 3 71 theme surface 534:540 arg1 N-glycans 542:550 the cell surface N-glycans 525:550 the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells 525:578 However, little is understood about the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells. 28645725 4 72 from [tet 705:708 arg1 medium 724:729 growth medium 717:729 growth medium 717:729 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 5 73 theme [tet 764:767 arg1 free 792:795 free 792:795 free 792:795 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 2 74 theme cells 433:437 arg1 behavior 415:422 the invasive behavior 402:422 the invasive behavior of tumor cells 402:437 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 0 75 from alteration 22:31 arg1 lines 49:53 HepAD38 cell lines 36:53 HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus 36:82 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 5 76 theme due 812:814 arg1 virus 806:810 the virus 802:810 the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis 802:865 In the presence of tetracycline [tet(+)], this cell line is free from the virus due to the repression of pregenomic (pg) RNA synthesis. 28645725 0 77 theme surface 5:11 arg1 alteration 22:31 Cell surface N-glycan alteration 0:31 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 0:83 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 9 78 theme N-glycans 1326:1334 arg1 one-third 1290:1298 one-third 1290:1298 one-third 1290:1298 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 9 78 theme N-glycans 1326:1334 arg1 N-glycans 1326:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans 1303:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 1303:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 7 79 theme HepAD38 1103:1109 arg1 expression 1005:1014 the expression 1001:1014 the expression of glycosyltransferases 1001:1038 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 7 79 theme HepAD38 1103:1109 arg1 composition 1070:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition 1044:1080 the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1044:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 1 80 theme B 95:95 arg1 virus 155:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus 112:159 the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans 112:182 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 80 theme B 95:95 arg1 HBV 104:106 HBV 104:106 HBV 104:106 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 1 80 theme B 95:95 arg1 virus 97:101 Hepatitis B virus 85:101 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 85:107 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest partially double-stranded DNA virus known to infect humans. 28645725 6 81 theme culture 871:877 arg1 medium 879:884 culture medium 871:884 culture medium without tetracycline 871:905 In culture medium without tetracycline, cells express viral pgRNA and start to secrete virions into the supernatant. 28645725 9 82 theme cell 1313:1316 arg1 N-glycans 1326:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans 1303:1334 the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 1303:1357 About one-third of the total cell surface N-glycans found on tet(-)HepAD38 were sialylated. 28645725 8 83 theme HBV 1176:1178 arg1 expression 1162:1171 the expression 1158:1171 the expression of HBV 1158:1178 Among the glycosyltransferases upregulated by the expression of HBV were GnT-II, GnT-IVa, ST6Gal1, and GnT-V, whereas GnT-I, GnT-III, β4GalT1, and FUT8 were downregulated. 28645725 2 84 theme cell 360:363 arg1 N-glycans 373:381 cell surface N-glycans 360:381 cell surface N-glycans 360:381 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 0 85 theme HepAD38 36:42 arg1 lines 49:53 HepAD38 cell lines 36:53 HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus 36:82 Cell surface N-glycan alteration in HepAD38 cell lines expressing Hepatitis B virus. 28645725 7 86 theme tet 1096:1098 arg1 HepAD38 1103:1109 tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1085:1109 tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38 1085:1109 Here we studied the expression of glycosyltransferases and the cell surface N-glycan composition of tet(+) and tet(-) HepAD38. 28645725 2 87 theme invasive 406:413 arg1 behavior 415:422 the invasive behavior 402:422 the invasive behavior of tumor cells 402:437 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 3 88 theme liver 568:572 arg1 cells 574:578 HBV-infected liver cells 555:578 HBV-infected liver cells 555:578 However, little is understood about the cell surface N-glycans of HBV-infected liver cells. 28645725 2 89 from cells 323:327 arg1 Development 286:296 B. Development 283:296 B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells 283:327 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 13 90 theme cells 1888:1892 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1856:1875 glycosyltransferases 1856:1875 glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells 1856:1892 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 11 91 theme type 1538:1541 arg1 expression 1506:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression 1479:1515 the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively 1479:1614 Neither treatment changed the cell surface N-glycans expression of the total complex type or the total fucosylated type, which were about 50% or 60%, respectively. 28645725 13 92 theme expression 1835:1844 arg1 levels 1846:1851 the expression levels 1831:1851 the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells 1831:1892 Altogether, the results show that HBV expression triggered the alteration of the cell surface N-glycosylation pattern and the expression levels of glycosyltransferases of HepAD38 cells. 28645725 2 93 from changes 349:355 arg1 N-glycans 373:381 cell surface N-glycans 360:381 cell surface N-glycans 360:381 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 28645725 4 94 theme [tet 705:708 arg1 absence 681:687 the absence 677:687 the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium 677:729 We try to address this by taking advantage of the HepAD38 cell line, which can replicate HBV in the absence of tetracycline [tet(-)] in growth medium. 28645725 2 95 theme normal 310:315 arg1 cells 323:327 normal liver cells 310:327 normal liver cells 310:327 Worldwide, more than 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases are related to chronic Hepatitis B. Development of HCC from normal liver cells is characterized by changes in cell surface N-glycans, which can promote the invasive behavior of tumor cells, leading ultimately to the progression of cancer. 27188959 5 0 dep % 1036:1036 arg1 to 1031:1032 to 1031:1032 to 1031:1032 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 6 1 theme mechanical 1174:1183 arg1 lysis 1185:1189 the mechanical lysis 1170:1189 the mechanical lysis 1170:1189 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 5 2 theme fastest 872:878 arg1 able 902:905 able 902:905 able 902:905 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 2 theme fastest 872:878 arg1 method 891:896 The fastest extraction method 868:896 The fastest extraction method 868:896 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 7 3 theme DNA 1353:1355 arg1 extraction 1357:1366 DNA extraction 1353:1366 DNA extraction 1353:1366 Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples. 27188959 0 4 theme metagenomic 72:82 arg1 studies 84:90 gut metagenomic studies 68:90 gut metagenomic studies 68:90 Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies. 27188959 3 5 theme parametric 661:670 arg1 Shannon 672:678 non parametric Shannon 657:678 non parametric Shannon 657:678 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 2 6 theme microbiota 360:369 arg1 composition 337:347 the apparent composition 324:347 the apparent composition of the gut microbiota 324:369 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 3 7 dep diversity 646:654 arg1 Shannon 672:678 non parametric Shannon 657:678 non parametric Shannon 657:678 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 6 8 theme first 1244:1248 arg1 time 1250:1253 the first time 1240:1253 the first time 1240:1253 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 5 9 theme % 942:942 arg1 % 949:949 42% to 95% 940:949 42% to 95% 940:949 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 2 10 theme extraction 302:311 arg1 methods 313:319 different DNA extraction methods 288:319 different DNA extraction methods 288:319 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 0 11 from differences 53:63 arg1 studies 84:90 gut metagenomic studies 68:90 gut metagenomic studies 68:90 Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies. 27188959 3 12 theme proportional 554:565 arg1 abundance 567:575 the proportional abundance 550:575 the proportional abundance 550:575 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 2 13 theme DNA 298:300 arg1 methods 313:319 different DNA extraction methods 288:319 different DNA extraction methods 288:319 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 2 14 theme gut 356:358 arg1 microbiota 360:369 the gut microbiota 352:369 the gut microbiota 352:369 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 2 15 theme different 288:296 arg1 methods 313:319 different DNA extraction methods 288:319 different DNA extraction methods 288:319 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 1 16 theme DNA 191:193 arg1 restriction 195:205 DNA restriction 191:205 DNA restriction 191:205 Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. 27188959 3 17 from female 467:472 arg1 stool 447:451 the stool 443:451 the stool from an obese female 443:472 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 5 18 theme extraction 880:889 arg1 able 902:905 able 902:905 able 902:905 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 18 theme extraction 880:889 arg1 method 891:896 The fastest extraction method 868:896 The fastest extraction method 868:896 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 4 19 theme extraction 815:824 arg1 assay 826:830 an extraction assay 812:830 an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides 812:865 Moreover DNA was extracted from stools obtained from 83 different individuals by the fastest extraction assay and by an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides. 27188959 1 20 from present 146:152 arg1 feces 157:161 feces 157:161 feces 157:161 Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. 27188959 2 21 theme apparent 328:335 arg1 composition 337:347 the apparent composition 324:347 the apparent composition of the gut microbiota 324:369 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 5 22 theme % 1029:1029 arg1 % 1036:1036 56% to 93% 1027:1036 56% to 93% genera 1027:1043 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 2 23 theme sequencing 397:406 arg1 technology 408:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 7 24 theme current 1303:1309 arg1 studies 1323:1329 current metagenomic studies 1303:1329 current metagenomic studies 1303:1329 Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples. 27188959 7 25 theme extraction 1357:1366 arg1 efficiency 1339:1348 the efficiency 1335:1348 the efficiency of DNA extraction 1335:1366 Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples. 27188959 3 26 theme phylum 584:589 arg1 level 591:595 the phylum level 580:595 the phylum level 580:595 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 2 27 theme deep 392:395 arg1 technology 408:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 7 28 theme studies 1323:1329 arg1 interpretation 1285:1298 the interpretation 1281:1298 the interpretation of current metagenomic studies 1281:1329 Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples. 27188959 1 29 from species 134:140 arg1 feces 157:161 feces 157:161 feces 157:161 Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. 27188959 4 30 theme fastest 780:786 arg1 assay 799:803 the fastest extraction assay 776:803 the fastest extraction assay 776:803 Moreover DNA was extracted from stools obtained from 83 different individuals by the fastest extraction assay and by an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides. 27188959 0 31 theme DNA 15:17 arg1 extraction 19:28 DNA extraction 15:28 DNA extraction 15:28 Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies. 27188959 5 32 dep % 1058:1058 arg1 to 1053:1054 to 1053:1054 to 1053:1054 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 3 33 theme method 534:539 arg1 choice 509:514 the choice 505:514 the choice of DNA extraction method 505:539 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 2 34 theme methods 313:319 arg1 effects 277:283 the effects 273:283 the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota 273:369 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 2 35 from effects 277:283 arg1 composition 337:347 the apparent composition 324:347 the apparent composition of the gut microbiota 324:369 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 3 36 theme DNA 519:521 arg1 method 534:539 DNA extraction method 519:539 DNA extraction method 519:539 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 5 37 dep genera 1038:1043 arg1 species 1060:1066 species 1060:1066 species 1060:1066 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 6 38 theme degradation 1213:1223 arg1 lysis 1185:1189 the mechanical lysis 1170:1189 the mechanical lysis 1170:1189 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 3 39 theme species 598:604 arg1 richness 606:613 species richness 598:613 species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) 598:640 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 3 40 dep richness 606:613 arg1 2,714 635:639 2,714 635:639 2,714 635:639 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 3 40 dep richness 606:613 arg1 index 621:625 index 621:625 index 621:625 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 3 41 theme obese 461:465 arg1 female 467:472 an obese female 458:472 an obese female 458:472 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 5 42 theme % 1051:1051 arg1 % 1058:1058 25% to 87% 1049:1058 25% to 87% 1049:1058 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 6 43 theme glycan 1206:1211 arg1 degradation 1213:1223 glycan degradation 1206:1223 glycan degradation 1206:1223 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 3 44 dep 4.4 689:691 arg1 to 686:687 to 686:687 to 686:687 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 5 45 theme degradation 978:988 arg1 able 1012:1015 able 1012:1015 able 1012:1015 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 45 theme degradation 978:988 arg1 method 1001:1006 the glycan degradation extraction method 967:1006 the glycan degradation extraction method 967:1006 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 46 theme % 927:927 arg1 genera 929:934 100% genera 924:934 100% genera 924:934 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 1 47 from discrepancies 221:233 arg1 studies 250:256 metagenomic studies 238:256 metagenomic studies 238:256 Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. 27188959 1 48 theme bacterial 124:132 arg1 species 134:140 bacterial species 124:140 bacterial species 124:140 Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. 27188959 0 49 theme substantial 41:51 arg1 differences 53:63 substantial differences 41:63 substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies 41:90 Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies. 27188959 6 50 theme stools 1194:1199 arg1 lysis 1185:1189 the mechanical lysis 1170:1189 the mechanical lysis 1170:1189 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 5 51 theme glycan 971:976 arg1 able 1012:1015 able 1012:1015 able 1012:1015 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 51 theme glycan 971:976 arg1 method 1001:1006 the glycan degradation extraction method 967:1006 the glycan degradation extraction method 967:1006 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 4 52 theme extraction 788:797 arg1 assay 799:803 the fastest extraction assay 776:803 the fastest extraction assay 776:803 Moreover DNA was extracted from stools obtained from 83 different individuals by the fastest extraction assay and by an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides. 27188959 5 53 dep genera 929:934 arg1 species 951:957 species 951:957 species 951:957 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 6 54 theme DNA 1099:1101 arg1 liberation 1085:1094 a good liberation 1078:1094 a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools 1078:1154 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 3 55 theme non 657:659 arg1 Shannon 672:678 non parametric Shannon 657:678 non parametric Shannon 657:678 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 4 56 theme different 751:759 arg1 individuals 761:771 83 different individuals 748:771 83 different individuals 748:771 Moreover DNA was extracted from stools obtained from 83 different individuals by the fastest extraction assay and by an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides. 27188959 5 57 dep % 949:949 arg1 to 944:945 to 944:945 to 944:945 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 3 58 theme different 483:491 arg1 methods 493:499 10 different methods 480:499 10 different methods 480:499 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 5 59 theme extraction 990:999 arg1 able 1012:1015 able 1012:1015 able 1012:1015 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 59 theme extraction 990:999 arg1 method 1001:1006 the glycan degradation extraction method 967:1006 the glycan degradation extraction method 967:1006 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 5 60 theme 100 924:926 arg1 % 927:927 % 927:927 % 927:927 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 3 61 theme extraction 523:532 arg1 method 534:539 DNA extraction method 519:539 DNA extraction method 519:539 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 4 62 theme degradated 837:846 arg1 exopolysaccharides 848:865 degradated exopolysaccharides 837:865 degradated exopolysaccharides 837:865 Moreover DNA was extracted from stools obtained from 83 different individuals by the fastest extraction assay and by an extraction assay that degradated exopolysaccharides. 27188959 1 63 theme metagenomic 238:248 arg1 studies 250:256 metagenomic studies 238:256 metagenomic studies 238:256 Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. 27188959 0 64 theme gut 68:70 arg1 studies 84:90 gut metagenomic studies 68:90 gut metagenomic studies 68:90 Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies. 27188959 7 65 theme metagenomic 1311:1321 arg1 studies 1323:1329 current metagenomic studies 1303:1329 current metagenomic studies 1303:1329 Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples. 27188959 6 66 theme good 1080:1083 arg1 liberation 1085:1094 a good liberation 1078:1094 a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools 1078:1154 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 2 67 theme MiSeq 386:390 arg1 technology 408:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27188959 6 68 from exopolysaccharides 1108:1125 arg1 liberation 1085:1094 a good liberation 1078:1094 a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools 1078:1154 To allow a good liberation of DNA from exopolysaccharides commonly presented in stools, we recommend the mechanical lysis of stools plus glycan degradation, used here for the first time. 27188959 3 69 dep 2,714 635:639 arg1 to 632:633 to 632:633 to 632:633 DNA was extracted from the stool from an obese female using 10 different methods and the choice of DNA extraction method affected the proportional abundance at the phylum level, species richness (Chao index, 227 to 2,714) and diversity (non parametric Shannon, 1.37 to 4.4). 27188959 5 70 theme % 1036:1036 arg1 genera 1038:1043 56% to 93% genera 1027:1043 56% to 93% genera 1027:1043 The fastest extraction method was able to detect 68% to 100% genera and 42% to 95% species whereas the glycan degradation extraction method was able to detect 56% to 93% genera and 25% to 87% species. 27188959 7 71 theme stool 1388:1392 arg1 samples 1394:1400 stool samples 1388:1400 stool samples 1388:1400 Caution must be taken in the interpretation of current metagenomic studies, as the efficiency of DNA extraction varies widely among stool samples. 27188959 2 72 theme Illumina 377:384 arg1 technology 408:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology 377:417 We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing technology. 27703012 3 0 theme difficile 516:524 arg1 lineages 526:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 5 1 dep 2 868:868 arg1 GT2 879:881 GT2 879:881 GT2 879:881 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 1 dep 2 868:868 arg1 GT1 871:873 GT1 871:873 GT1 871:873 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 10 2 theme intestinal 1742:1751 arg1 cells 1764:1768 Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1735:1768 Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1735:1768 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 3 3 theme putative 558:565 arg1 glycosyltransferases 567:586 five putative glycosyltransferases 553:586 five putative glycosyltransferases 553:586 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 11 4 theme C. 1955:1956 arg1 strains 1968:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 11 5 from roles 1923:1927 arg1 strains 1968:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 11 6 theme emerging 1932:1939 arg1 strains 1968:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 3 7 theme genes 605:609 arg1 mutagenesis 538:548 mutagenesis 538:548 mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes 538:609 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 9 8 theme flagellar 1471:1479 arg1 assembly 1481:1488 flagellar assembly 1471:1488 flagellar assembly 1471:1488 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 1 9 theme nosocomial 213:222 arg1 worldwide 244:252 nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 213:252 nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 213:252 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 9 10 theme B 1436:1436 arg1 modification 1438:1449 type B modification 1431:1449 type B modification 1431:1449 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 4 11 theme glycan 671:676 arg1 chain 678:682 the flagellin glycan chain 657:682 the flagellin glycan chain 657:682 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 5 12 theme accompanying 1108:1119 arg1 paper 1121:1125 our accompanying paper 1104:1125 our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., 1104:1294 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 1 13 theme diarrhea 235:242 arg1 worldwide 244:252 nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 213:252 nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 213:252 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 2 14 link O-linked 322:329 arg1 glycosylation 331:343 O-linked glycosylation 322:343 O-linked glycosylation 322:343 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 5 15 theme rhamnoses 948:956 arg1 addition 919:926 the sequential addition 904:926 the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses 904:956 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 2 16 with flagellin 281:289 arg1 system 345:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 4 17 theme bacterial 785:793 arg1 properties 795:804 adhesion-related bacterial properties 768:804 adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains 768:821 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 4 18 theme post-translational 715:732 arg1 modification 734:745 flagellar post-translational modification 705:745 flagellar post-translational modification 705:745 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 10 19 theme TLR5 1810:1813 arg1 activation 1790:1799 activation 1790:1799 activation of human TLR5 1790:1813 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 0 20 theme Emerging 59:66 arg1 Lineages 104:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 2 21 dep A 310:310 arg1 glycosylation 331:343 O-linked glycosylation 322:343 O-linked glycosylation 322:343 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 2 21 dep A 310:310 arg1 a 303:303 a 303:303 a 303:303 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 0 22 theme Clostridium 82:92 arg1 Lineages 104:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 5 23 theme H. 1318:1319 arg1 R 1321:1321 H. R 1318:1321 H. R 1318:1321 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 0 24 theme Lineages 104:111 arg1 Flagellin 46:54 Type B Flagellin 39:54 Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 39:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 0 24 theme Lineages 104:111 arg1 Impact 123:128 Their Impact 117:128 Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation 117:162 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 2 25 contain has 359:361 arg2 role 378:381 a contributory role 363:381 a contributory role 363:381 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 2 25 contain has 359:361 arg1 system 345:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 2 26 theme type 305:308 arg1 A 310:310 type A 305:310 type A 305:310 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 4 27 theme adhesion-related 768:783 arg1 properties 795:804 adhesion-related bacterial properties 768:804 adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains 768:821 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 0 28 from Flagellin 46:54 arg1 Motility 133:140 Motility 133:140 Motility 133:140 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 0 28 from Flagellin 46:54 arg1 Formation 154:162 Biofilm Formation 146:162 Biofilm Formation 146:162 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 4 29 theme strains 815:821 arg1 properties 795:804 adhesion-related bacterial properties 768:804 adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains 768:821 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 4 29 theme strains 815:821 arg1 motility 755:762 motility 755:762 motility 755:762 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 0 30 theme Glycosyltransferases 8:27 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 0:163 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 3 31 theme functional 413:422 arg1 role 424:427 the functional role 409:427 the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 409:533 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 3 32 theme B 468:468 arg1 flagellin 470:478 type B flagellin 463:478 type B flagellin 463:478 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 0 33 theme Type 39:42 arg1 Flagellin 46:54 Type B Flagellin 39:54 Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 39:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 5 34 theme peptidyl-amido 1045:1058 arg1 moiety 1066:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety 1026:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol 1026:1337 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 11 35 theme hypervirulent 1941:1953 arg1 strains 1968:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 5 36 theme moiety 1066:1071 arg1 incorporation 1009:1021 the incorporation 1005:1021 the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol 1005:1337 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 1 37 theme worldwide 244:252 arg1 cause 204:208 the principal cause 190:208 the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 190:252 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 1 37 theme worldwide 244:252 arg1 difficile 177:185 Clostridium difficile 165:185 Clostridium difficile 165:185 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 5 38 dep paper 1121:1125 arg1 W. 1292:1293 W. 1292:1293 W. 1292:1293 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 38 dep paper 1121:1125 arg1 Bouché 1128:1133 Bouché 1128:1133 Bouché 1128:1133 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 10 39 theme flagellin 1657:1665 arg1 modification 1667:1678 flagellin modification 1657:1678 flagellin modification 1657:1678 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 5 40 theme novel 1028:1032 arg1 moiety 1066:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety 1026:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol 1026:1337 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 3 41 theme C. 513:514 arg1 lineages 526:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 9 42 theme type 1431:1434 arg1 B 1436:1436 type B 1431:1436 type B modification 1431:1449 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 2 43 theme A 310:310 arg1 system 345:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 3 44 theme biosynthetic 592:603 arg1 genes 605:609 biosynthetic genes 592:609 biosynthetic genes 592:609 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 11 45 theme biological 1912:1921 arg1 roles 1923:1927 their biological roles 1906:1927 their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1906:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 5 46 theme GlcNAc 933:938 arg1 addition 919:926 the sequential addition 904:926 the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses 904:956 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 8 47 theme rhamnoses 1412:1420 arg1 methylation 1393:1403 methylation 1393:1403 methylation of the rhamnoses 1393:1420 GT2 is also responsible for methylation of the rhamnoses. 27703012 4 48 from roles 628:632 arg1 biosynthesis 641:652 the biosynthesis 637:652 the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain 637:682 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 10 49 theme Caco-2 1735:1740 arg1 cells 1764:1768 Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1735:1768 Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1735:1768 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 1 50 theme principal 194:202 arg1 cause 204:208 the principal cause 190:208 the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 190:252 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 1 50 theme principal 194:202 arg1 difficile 177:185 Clostridium difficile 165:185 Clostridium difficile 165:185 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 11 51 theme difficile 1958:1966 arg1 strains 1968:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 4 52 theme chain 678:682 arg1 biosynthesis 641:652 the biosynthesis 637:652 the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain 637:682 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 10 53 theme difficile 1722:1730 arg1 adhesion 1707:1714 adhesion 1707:1714 adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1707:1768 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 2 54 theme O-linked 322:329 arg1 glycosylation 331:343 O-linked glycosylation 322:343 O-linked glycosylation 322:343 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 5 55 theme sequential 908:917 arg1 addition 919:926 the sequential addition 904:926 the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses 904:956 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 56 dep glycosyltransferases 841:860 arg1 1 862:862 1 862:862 1 862:862 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 56 dep glycosyltransferases 841:860 arg1 2 868:868 2 868:868 2 868:868 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 2 57 theme type 315:318 arg1 B 320:320 type B 315:320 type B 315:320 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 2 58 theme B 320:320 arg1 system 345:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system 296:350 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 27703012 10 59 theme epithelial 1753:1762 arg1 cells 1764:1768 Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1735:1768 Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells 1735:1768 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 0 60 theme Biofilm 146:152 arg1 Formation 154:162 Biofilm Formation 146:162 Biofilm Formation 146:162 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 1 61 theme infectious 224:233 arg1 worldwide 244:252 nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 213:252 nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 213:252 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 4 62 theme flagellin 661:669 arg1 chain 678:682 the flagellin glycan chain 657:682 the flagellin glycan chain 657:682 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 5 63 dep A. 1302:1303 arg1 Biol 1334:1337 Biol 1334:1337 Biol 1334:1337 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 11 64 theme genes 1860:1864 arg1 roles 1923:1927 their biological roles 1906:1927 their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1906:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 11 64 theme genes 1860:1864 arg1 understanding 1839:1851 our understanding 1835:1851 our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation 1835:1900 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 0 65 from Impact 123:128 arg1 Motility 133:140 Motility 133:140 Motility 133:140 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 0 65 from Impact 123:128 arg1 Formation 154:162 Biofilm Formation 146:162 Biofilm Formation 146:162 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 7 66 dep 291 1346:1348 arg1 25439-25449 1351:1361 25439-25449 1351:1361 25439-25449 1351:1361 291, 25439-25449). 27703012 3 67 theme glycosyltransferases 567:586 arg1 mutagenesis 538:548 mutagenesis 538:548 mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes 538:609 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 11 68 theme flagellar 1878:1886 arg1 glycosylation 1888:1900 flagellar glycosylation 1878:1900 flagellar glycosylation 1878:1900 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 5 69 dep associated 989:998 arg1 that 977:980 that 977:980 that 977:980 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 0 70 theme Hypervirulent 68:80 arg1 Lineages 104:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 5 71 dep W. 1292:1293 arg1 Binet 1165:1169 L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W. 1136:1293 Binet 1165:1169 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 71 dep W. 1292:1293 arg1 A. 1201:1202 A. 1201:1202 A. 1201:1202 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 71 dep W. 1292:1293 arg1 Faulds-Pain 1188:1198 L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W. 1136:1293 Faulds-Pain 1188:1198 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 5 71 dep W. 1292:1293 arg1 D. 1172:1173 D. 1172:1173 D. 1172:1173 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 4 72 theme flagellar 705:713 arg1 modification 734:745 flagellar post-translational modification 705:745 flagellar post-translational modification 705:745 We reveal their roles in the biosynthesis of the flagellin glycan chain and demonstrate that flagellar post-translational modification affects motility and adhesion-related bacterial properties of these strains. 27703012 10 73 theme human 1804:1808 arg1 TLR5 1810:1813 human TLR5 1804:1813 human TLR5 1804:1813 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 0 74 theme difficile 94:102 arg1 Lineages 104:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 59:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 1 75 theme Clostridium 165:175 arg1 cause 204:208 the principal cause 190:208 the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide 190:252 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 1 75 theme Clostridium 165:175 arg1 difficile 177:185 Clostridium difficile 165:185 Clostridium difficile 165:185 Clostridium difficile is the principal cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea worldwide. 27703012 3 76 from role 424:427 arg1 lineages 526:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 9 77 theme glycan 1552:1557 arg1 abolition 1535:1543 abolition 1535:1543 abolition of the glycan 1535:1557 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 9 77 theme glycan 1552:1557 arg1 truncation 1521:1530 truncation 1521:1530 truncation 1521:1530 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 9 78 theme bacterial 1566:1574 arg1 motility 1576:1583 bacterial motility 1566:1583 bacterial motility 1566:1583 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 3 79 theme type 463:466 arg1 flagellin 470:478 type B flagellin 463:478 type B flagellin 463:478 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 3 80 theme glycosyltransferases 432:451 arg1 role 424:427 the functional role 409:427 the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 409:533 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 0 81 theme B 44:44 arg1 Flagellin 46:54 Type B Flagellin 39:54 Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages 39:111 Role of Glycosyltransferases Modifying Type B Flagellin of Emerging Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Lineages and Their Impact on Motility and Biofilm Formation. 27703012 5 82 theme sulfonated 1034:1043 arg1 moiety 1066:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety 1026:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol 1026:1337 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 9 83 theme biofilm 1617:1623 arg1 formation 1625:1633 biofilm formation 1617:1633 biofilm formation 1617:1633 Whereas type B modification is not required for flagellar assembly, some mutations that result in truncation or abolition of the glycan reduce bacterial motility and promote autoaggregation and biofilm formation. 27703012 10 84 theme complete 1640:1647 arg1 lack 1649:1652 The complete lack 1636:1652 The complete lack of flagellin modification 1636:1678 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 5 85 theme sugar 1060:1064 arg1 moiety 1066:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety 1026:1071 a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol 1026:1337 We show that the glycosyltransferases 1 and 2 (GT1 and GT2) are responsible for the sequential addition of a GlcNAc and two rhamnoses, respectively, and that GT3 is associated with the incorporation of a novel sulfonated peptidyl-amido sugar moiety whose structure is reported in our accompanying paper (Bouché, L., Panico, M., Hitchen, P., Binet, D., Sastre, F., Faulds-Pain, A., Valiente, E., Vinogradov, E., Aubry, A., Fulton, K., Twine, S., Logan, S. M., Wren, B. W., Dell, A., and Morris, H. R. (2016) J. Biol. 27703012 3 86 theme hypervirulent 499:511 arg1 lineages 526:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages 483:533 We study the functional role of glycosyltransferases modifying type B flagellin in the 023 and 027 hypervirulent C. difficile lineages by mutagenesis of five putative glycosyltransferases and biosynthetic genes. 27703012 10 87 theme modification 1667:1678 arg1 lack 1649:1652 The complete lack 1636:1652 The complete lack of flagellin modification 1636:1678 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 11 88 from understanding 1839:1851 arg1 strains 1968:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains 1932:1974 Our study advances our understanding of the genes involved in flagellar glycosylation and their biological roles in emerging hypervirulent C. difficile strains. 27703012 10 89 theme C. 1719:1720 arg1 difficile 1722:1730 C. difficile 1719:1730 C. difficile 1719:1730 The complete lack of flagellin modification also significantly reduces adhesion of C. difficile to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but does not affect activation of human TLR5. 27703012 2 90 theme contributory 365:376 arg1 role 378:381 a contributory role 363:381 a contributory role 363:381 The pathogen modifies its flagellin with either a type A or type B O-linked glycosylation system, which has a contributory role in pathogenesis. 26565759 9 0 theme feature 1322:1328 arg1 curation 1330:1337 feature curation 1322:1337 feature curation based on the computed quality criteria 1322:1376 Additionally, feature curation based on the computed quality criteria improved the data quality. 26565759 6 1 theme commercial 950:959 arg1 flexAnalysis 970:981 the commercial software flexAnalysis 946:981 the commercial software flexAnalysis 946:981 MassyTools yielded better calibration than the commercial software flexAnalysis, generally showing 2-fold better ppm errors after internal calibration. 26565759 2 2 theme targeted 337:344 arg1 quantitation 357:368 targeted (relative) quantitation 337:368 targeted (relative) quantitation 337:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 7 3 theme relative 1144:1151 arg1 deviation 1162:1170 a relative standard deviation 1142:1170 a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6% 1142:1202 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 7 3 theme relative 1144:1151 arg1 RSD 1173:1175 RSD 1173:1175 RSD 1173:1175 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 8 4 theme RSD 1252:1254 arg1 values 1256:1261 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values 1233:1261 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values for low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis 1233:1305 However, MassyTools yielded 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values for low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis. 26565759 10 5 theme robust 1449:1454 arg1 tool 1482:1485 a robust automated data processing tool 1447:1485 a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1447:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 10 5 theme robust 1449:1454 arg1 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 10 6 theme processing 1471:1480 arg1 tool 1482:1485 a robust automated data processing tool 1447:1485 a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1447:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 10 6 theme processing 1471:1480 arg1 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 6 7 theme internal 1033:1040 arg1 calibration 1042:1052 internal calibration 1033:1052 internal calibration 1033:1052 MassyTools yielded better calibration than the commercial software flexAnalysis, generally showing 2-fold better ppm errors after internal calibration. 26565759 0 8 theme Quality 90:96 arg1 Control 98:104 Quality Control 90:104 Quality Control 90:104 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 10 9 theme data 1466:1469 arg1 tool 1482:1485 a robust automated data processing tool 1447:1485 a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1447:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 10 9 theme data 1466:1469 arg1 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 3 10 theme quality 524:530 arg1 calculations 540:551 quality control calculations 524:551 quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions 524:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 11 11 dep GitHub 1629:1634 arg1 https 1638:1642 https 1638:1642 https://github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools 1638:1674 The package is released under the Apache 2.0 license and is freely available on GitHub ( https://github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools ). 26565759 4 12 theme quality 725:731 arg1 scores 733:738 isotopic pattern-based quality scores 702:738 isotopic pattern-based quality scores 702:738 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 4 13 theme pattern-based 711:723 arg1 scores 733:738 isotopic pattern-based quality scores 702:738 isotopic pattern-based quality scores 702:738 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 10 14 theme glycosylation 1525:1537 arg1 analysis 1539:1546 high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1491:1546 analysis 1539:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 5 15 theme different 884:892 arg1 samples 894:900 different samples 884:900 different samples 884:900 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 1 16 theme N-linked 171:178 arg1 glycosylation 180:192 N-linked glycosylation 171:192 N-linked glycosylation 171:192 The study of N-linked glycosylation has long been complicated by a lack of bioinformatics tools. 26565759 7 17 theme glycan 1190:1195 arg1 deviation 1162:1170 a relative standard deviation 1142:1170 a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6% 1142:1202 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 7 17 theme glycan 1190:1195 arg1 RSD 1173:1175 RSD 1173:1175 RSD 1173:1175 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 9 18 theme quality 1361:1367 arg1 criteria 1369:1376 the computed quality criteria 1348:1376 the computed quality criteria 1348:1376 Additionally, feature curation based on the computed quality criteria improved the data quality. 26565759 8 19 theme lower 1246:1250 arg1 values 1256:1261 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values 1233:1261 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values for low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis 1233:1305 However, MassyTools yielded 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values for low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis. 26565759 10 20 theme automated 1456:1464 arg1 tool 1482:1485 a robust automated data processing tool 1447:1485 a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1447:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 10 20 theme automated 1456:1464 arg1 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 MassyTools 1433:1442 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 4 21 theme signal-to-noise 770:784 arg1 ratios 786:791 signal-to-noise ratios 770:791 signal-to-noise ratios 770:791 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 11 22 dep https 1638:1642 arg1 //github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools 1644:1674 //github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools 1644:1674 https://github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools 1638:1674 The package is released under the Apache 2.0 license and is freely available on GitHub ( https://github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools ). 26565759 1 23 theme glycosylation 180:192 arg1 study 162:166 The study 158:166 The study of N-linked glycosylation 158:192 The study of N-linked glycosylation has long been complicated by a lack of bioinformatics tools. 26565759 5 24 from performance 822:832 arg1 glycan 850:855 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 glycan 850:855 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 5 24 from performance 822:832 arg1 data 874:877 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 data 874:877 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 1 25 link N-linked 171:178 arg1 glycosylation 180:192 N-linked glycosylation 171:192 N-linked glycosylation 171:192 The study of N-linked glycosylation has long been complicated by a lack of bioinformatics tools. 26565759 4 26 theme output 642:647 arg1 examples 630:637 Typical examples 622:637 Typical examples of output 622:647 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 4 27 theme spectral 741:748 arg1 scores 758:763 spectral quality scores 741:763 spectral quality scores 741:763 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 6 28 theme better 922:927 arg1 calibration 929:939 better calibration 922:939 better calibration 922:939 MassyTools yielded better calibration than the commercial software flexAnalysis, generally showing 2-fold better ppm errors after internal calibration. 26565759 3 29 theme high-throughput 398:412 arg1 software 430:437 high-throughput data processing software 398:437 high-throughput data processing software 398:437 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 3 29 theme high-throughput 398:412 arg1 modular 389:395 modular 389:395 modular 389:395 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 7 30 theme ~6 1200:1201 arg1 % 1202:1202 ~6% 1200:1202 ~6% 1200:1202 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 5 31 gly glycopeptide 861:872 arg2 glycopeptide 861:872 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 glycopeptide 861:872 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 2 32 theme fast 295:298 arg1 tools 327:331 fast and robust data processing tools 295:331 fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation 295:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 3 33 theme data 414:417 arg1 software 430:437 high-throughput data processing software 398:437 high-throughput data processing software 398:437 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 3 33 theme data 414:417 arg1 modular 389:395 modular 389:395 modular 389:395 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 0 34 theme High-Throughput 14:28 arg1 Tool 55:58 A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool 12:58 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 0:156 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 6 35 theme ppm 1016:1018 arg1 errors 1020:1025 2-fold better ppm errors 1002:1025 2-fold better ppm errors 1002:1025 MassyTools yielded better calibration than the commercial software flexAnalysis, generally showing 2-fold better ppm errors after internal calibration. 26565759 3 36 theme control 532:538 arg1 calculations 540:551 quality control calculations 524:551 quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions 524:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 10 37 theme high-throughput 1491:1505 arg1 analysis 1539:1546 high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1491:1546 analysis 1539:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 4 38 theme Typical 622:628 arg1 examples 630:637 Typical examples 622:637 Typical examples of output 622:647 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 5 39 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 837:848 arg1 glycan 850:855 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 glycan 850:855 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 6 40 theme better 1009:1014 arg1 errors 1020:1025 2-fold better ppm errors 1002:1025 2-fold better ppm errors 1002:1025 MassyTools yielded better calibration than the commercial software flexAnalysis, generally showing 2-fold better ppm errors after internal calibration. 26565759 0 41 theme Glycomic 120:127 arg1 MALDI-MS 148:155 Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS 120:155 Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS 120:155 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 4 42 theme quality 750:756 arg1 scores 758:763 spectral quality scores 741:763 spectral quality scores 741:763 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 4 43 theme background 678:687 arg1 subtraction 689:699 background subtraction 678:699 background subtraction 678:699 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 0 44 theme Data 39:42 arg1 Tool 55:58 A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool 12:58 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 0:156 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 4 45 theme isotopic 702:709 arg1 scores 733:738 isotopic pattern-based quality scores 702:738 isotopic pattern-based quality scores 702:738 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 9 46 theme computed 1352:1359 arg1 criteria 1369:1376 the computed quality criteria 1348:1376 the computed quality criteria 1348:1376 Additionally, feature curation based on the computed quality criteria improved the data quality. 26565759 8 47 dep 2- 1233:1234 arg1 to 1236:1237 to 1236:1237 to 1236:1237 However, MassyTools yielded 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values for low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis. 26565759 4 48 theme relative 657:664 arg1 areas 666:670 relative areas 657:670 relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios 657:791 Typical examples of output include relative areas after background subtraction, isotopic pattern-based quality scores, spectral quality scores, and signal-to-noise ratios. 26565759 5 49 theme glycopeptide 861:872 arg1 data 874:877 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 data 874:877 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 0 50 theme Targeted 30:37 arg1 Tool 55:58 A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool 12:58 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 0:156 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 0 51 theme Glycoproteomic 133:146 arg1 MALDI-MS 148:155 Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS 120:155 Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS 120:155 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 7 52 theme % 1202:1202 arg1 glycan 1190:1195 the main glycan 1181:1195 the main glycan of ~6% 1181:1202 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 10 53 theme high-performance 1508:1523 arg1 analysis 1539:1546 high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis 1491:1546 analysis 1539:1546 In conclusion, we show that MassyTools is a robust automated data processing tool for high-throughput, high-performance glycosylation analysis. 26565759 7 54 theme main 1185:1188 arg1 glycan 1190:1195 the main glycan 1181:1195 the main glycan of ~6% 1181:1202 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 3 55 theme processing 419:428 arg1 software 430:437 high-throughput data processing software 398:437 high-throughput data processing software 398:437 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 3 55 theme processing 419:428 arg1 modular 389:395 modular 389:395 modular 389:395 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 2 56 theme tools 327:331 arg1 lack 287:290 a lack 285:290 a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation 285:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 0 57 theme Processing 44:53 arg1 Tool 55:58 A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool 12:58 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 0:156 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 7 58 theme similar 1116:1122 arg1 results 1124:1130 similar results 1116:1130 similar results 1116:1130 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 3 59 theme user-defined 564:575 arg1 list 577:580 a user-defined list 562:580 a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions 562:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 7 60 theme Relative 1055:1062 arg1 quantitation 1064:1075 Relative quantitation 1055:1075 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis 1055:1109 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 2 61 theme processing 316:325 arg1 tools 327:331 fast and robust data processing tools 295:331 fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation 295:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 11 62 dep Apache 1583:1588 arg1 license 1594:1600 license 1594:1600 license 1594:1600 The package is released under the Apache 2.0 license and is freely available on GitHub ( https://github.com/Tarskin/MassyTools ). 26565759 3 63 theme glycopeptide 595:606 arg1 compositions 608:619 glycopeptide compositions 595:619 glycopeptide compositions 595:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 9 64 theme data 1391:1394 arg1 quality 1396:1402 the data quality 1387:1402 the data quality 1387:1402 Additionally, feature curation based on the computed quality criteria improved the data quality. 26565759 2 65 theme data 311:314 arg1 tools 327:331 fast and robust data processing tools 295:331 fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation 295:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 3 66 theme compositions 608:619 arg1 list 577:580 a user-defined list 562:580 a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions 562:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 5 67 from samples 894:900 arg1 glycan 850:855 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 glycan 850:855 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 5 67 from samples 894:900 arg1 data 874:877 MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data 837:877 data 874:877 We demonstrated MassyTools' performance on MALDI-TOF-MS glycan and glycopeptide data from different samples. 26565759 2 68 theme robust 304:309 arg1 tools 327:331 fast and robust data processing tools 295:331 fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation 295:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 7 69 theme standard 1153:1160 arg1 deviation 1162:1170 a relative standard deviation 1142:1170 a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6% 1142:1202 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 7 69 theme standard 1153:1160 arg1 RSD 1173:1175 RSD 1173:1175 RSD 1173:1175 Relative quantitation using MassyTools and flexAnalysis gave similar results, yielding a relative standard deviation (RSD) of the main glycan of ~6%. 26565759 0 70 theme Relative 64:71 arg1 Quantitation 73:84 Relative Quantitation 64:84 Relative Quantitation 64:84 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 3 71 theme glycan 585:590 arg1 list 577:580 a user-defined list 562:580 a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions 562:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 2 72 theme relative 347:354 arg1 quantitation 357:368 targeted (relative) quantitation 337:368 targeted (relative) quantitation 337:368 In particular, there is still a lack of fast and robust data processing tools for targeted (relative) quantitation. 26565759 3 73 gly glycopeptide 595:606 arg2 glycopeptide 595:606 glycopeptide compositions 595:619 glycopeptide compositions 595:619 We have developed modular, high-throughput data processing software, MassyTools, that is capable of calibrating spectra, extracting data, and performing quality control calculations based on a user-defined list of glycan or glycopeptide compositions. 26565759 1 74 theme bioinformatics 233:246 arg1 tools 248:252 bioinformatics tools 233:252 bioinformatics tools 233:252 The study of N-linked glycosylation has long been complicated by a lack of bioinformatics tools. 26565759 6 75 theme software 961:968 arg1 flexAnalysis 970:981 the commercial software flexAnalysis 946:981 the commercial software flexAnalysis 946:981 MassyTools yielded better calibration than the commercial software flexAnalysis, generally showing 2-fold better ppm errors after internal calibration. 26565759 0 76 dep MassyTools 0:9 arg1 Tool 55:58 A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool 12:58 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 0:156 MassyTools: A High-Throughput Targeted Data Processing Tool for Relative Quantitation and Quality Control Developed for Glycomic and Glycoproteomic MALDI-MS. 26565759 8 77 theme low-abundant 1267:1278 arg1 analytes 1280:1287 low-abundant analytes 1267:1287 low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis 1267:1305 However, MassyTools yielded 2- to 5-fold lower RSD values for low-abundant analytes than flexAnalysis. 26565759 1 78 theme tools 248:252 arg1 lack 225:228 a lack 223:228 a lack of bioinformatics tools 223:252 The study of N-linked glycosylation has long been complicated by a lack of bioinformatics tools. 25187293 3 0 dep administrated 697:709 arg1 immunogenic 682:692 immunogenic 682:692 immunogenic 682:692 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 2 1 theme problematic 379:389 arg1 N-glycans 391:399 problematic N-glycans 379:399 problematic N-glycans 379:399 PSV-targeting to effectively avoid problematic N-glycans is protein dependent. 25187293 4 2 theme protein 927:933 arg1 PSVs 953:956 PSVs 953:956 PSVs 953:956 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 2 theme protein 927:933 arg1 vacuoles 943:950 protein storage vacuoles 927:950 protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds 927:974 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 0 3 theme storage 89:95 arg1 vacuole 97:103 the protein storage vacuole 77:103 the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds 77:124 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 7 4 theme Golgi 1495:1499 arg1 complex 1501:1507 the Golgi complex 1491:1507 the Golgi complex 1491:1507 The chimeric GCase became localized in PSVs but transited through the Golgi complex, as indicated by biochemical analyses of the recombinant protein's N-glycans. 25187293 1 5 theme Human 177:181 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 183:200 Human glucocerebrosidase 177:200 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains 177:232 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 6 6 dep glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 arg1 GCase 1306:1310 GCase 1306:1310 GCase 1306:1310 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 4 7 theme BP-80 806:810 arg1 protein 895:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein 873:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 873:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 7 theme BP-80 806:810 arg1 TMD 834:836 TMD 834:836 TMD 834:836 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 7 theme BP-80 806:810 arg1 domain 826:831 the BP-80 transmembrane domain 802:831 the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD) 802:837 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 0 8 theme Arabidopsis 108:118 arg1 seeds 120:124 Arabidopsis seeds 108:124 Arabidopsis seeds 108:124 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 8 9 theme recombinant 1692:1702 arg1 proteins 1716:1723 recombinant therapeutic proteins 1692:1723 recombinant therapeutic proteins 1692:1723 Our findings suggest that use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins is not consistently effective, as it is likely protein- and/or species-specific. 25187293 6 10 dep wild-type 1400:1408 arg1 Col-0 1411:1415 Col-0 1411:1415 Col-0 1411:1415 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 3 11 theme Plant-specific 423:436 arg1 patterns 454:461 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns 423:461 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex 423:497 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 11 theme Plant-specific 423:436 arg1 limitation 511:520 a major limitation 503:520 a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally 503:722 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 12 theme xylose 592:597 arg1 residues 618:625 β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues 587:625 β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein 587:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 4 13 theme transmembrane 812:824 arg1 protein 895:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein 873:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 873:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 13 theme transmembrane 812:824 arg1 TMD 834:836 TMD 834:836 TMD 834:836 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 13 theme transmembrane 812:824 arg1 domain 826:831 the BP-80 transmembrane domain 802:831 the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD) 802:837 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 5 14 theme unwanted 1184:1191 arg1 modifications 1231:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 3 15 theme residues 618:625 arg1 presence 575:582 the presence 571:582 the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein 571:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 6 16 theme wild-type 1400:1408 arg1 seeds 1418:1422 Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds 1379:1422 Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds 1379:1422 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 8 17 theme problematic 1657:1667 arg1 maturation 1678:1687 problematic N-glycan maturation 1657:1687 problematic N-glycan maturation 1657:1687 Our findings suggest that use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins is not consistently effective, as it is likely protein- and/or species-specific. 25187293 4 18 theme membrane 764:771 arg1 motif 783:787 a vacuolar membrane targeting motif 753:787 a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 753:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 1 19 theme Arabidopsis 285:295 arg1 seeds 297:301 Arabidopsis seeds 285:301 Arabidopsis seeds 285:301 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 20 theme vacuolar 755:762 arg1 motif 783:787 a vacuolar membrane targeting motif 753:787 a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 753:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 21 theme intrinsic 885:893 arg1 protein 895:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein 873:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 873:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 21 theme intrinsic 885:893 arg1 α-TIP 904:908 α-TIP 904:908 α-TIP 904:908 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 3 22 from presence 575:582 arg1 glycoprotein 646:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 8 23 theme therapeutic 1704:1714 arg1 proteins 1716:1723 recombinant therapeutic proteins 1692:1723 recombinant therapeutic proteins 1692:1723 Our findings suggest that use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins is not consistently effective, as it is likely protein- and/or species-specific. 25187293 4 24 theme reporter 727:734 arg1 protein 736:742 A reporter protein 725:742 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 725:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 0 25 theme seeds 120:124 arg1 vacuole 97:103 the protein storage vacuole 77:103 the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds 77:124 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 4 26 theme Golgi 1025:1029 arg1 complex 1031:1037 the Golgi complex 1021:1037 the Golgi complex 1021:1037 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 3 27 theme β1,2 587:590 arg1 xylose 592:597 β1,2 xylose 587:597 β1,2 xylose 587:597 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 4 28 theme ER-derived 979:988 arg1 vesicles 1000:1007 ER-derived transport vesicles 979:1007 ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex 979:1037 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 5 29 theme same 1140:1143 arg1 sequences 1155:1163 the same targeting sequences 1136:1163 the same targeting sequences 1136:1163 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 5 30 theme complex 1214:1220 arg1 modifications 1231:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 2 31 dep PSV-targeting 344:356 arg1 avoid 373:377 avoid 373:377 to effectively avoid problematic N-glycans 358:399 PSV-targeting to effectively avoid problematic N-glycans is protein dependent. 25187293 8 32 theme PSV-targeting 1625:1637 arg1 strategy 1639:1646 this PSV-targeting strategy 1620:1646 this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins 1620:1723 Our findings suggest that use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins is not consistently effective, as it is likely protein- and/or species-specific. 25187293 1 33 theme vacuolar 207:214 arg1 domains 226:232 vacuolar anchoring domains 207:232 vacuolar anchoring domains 207:232 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 0 34 theme Membrane 0:7 arg1 anchors 9:15 Membrane anchors 0:15 Membrane anchors 0:15 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 1 35 theme seeds 297:301 arg1 vacuoles 266:273 protein storage vacuoles 250:273 protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds 250:301 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 1 35 theme seeds 297:301 arg1 PSVs 276:279 PSVs 276:279 PSVs 276:279 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 36 theme protein 895:901 arg1 protein 895:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein 873:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 873:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 36 theme protein 895:901 arg1 TMD 834:836 TMD 834:836 TMD 834:836 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 36 theme protein 895:901 arg1 domain 826:831 the BP-80 transmembrane domain 802:831 the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD) 802:837 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 36 theme protein 895:901 arg1 tail 860:863 the cytoplasmic tail 844:863 the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 844:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 36 theme protein 895:901 arg1 CT 866:867 CT 866:867 CT 866:867 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 1 37 theme anchoring 216:224 arg1 domains 226:232 vacuolar anchoring domains 207:232 vacuolar anchoring domains 207:232 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 5 38 theme N-glycan 1222:1229 arg1 modifications 1231:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 3 39 theme α1,3 606:609 arg1 fucose 611:616 α1,3 fucose 606:616 α1,3 fucose 606:616 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 6 40 dep TMD 1346:1348 arg1 the 1336:1338 the 1336:1338 the 1336:1338 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 7 41 theme recombinant 1554:1564 arg1 protein 1566:1572 the recombinant protein 1550:1572 the recombinant protein's N-glycans 1550:1584 The chimeric GCase became localized in PSVs but transited through the Golgi complex, as indicated by biochemical analyses of the recombinant protein's N-glycans. 25187293 3 42 theme fucose 611:616 arg1 residues 618:625 β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues 587:625 β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein 587:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 43 from glycoprotein 646:657 arg1 presence 575:582 the presence 571:582 the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein 571:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 44 gly glycoprotein 646:657 arg1 glycoprotein 646:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 0 45 theme human 49:53 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 55:72 recombinant human glucocerebrosidase 37:72 recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds 37:124 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 3 46 theme Golgi 485:489 arg1 complex 491:497 the Golgi complex 481:497 the Golgi complex 481:497 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 0 47 theme recombinant 37:47 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 55:72 recombinant human glucocerebrosidase 37:72 recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds 37:124 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 6 48 theme α-TIP 1354:1358 arg1 CT 1360:1361 α-TIP CT 1354:1361 α-TIP CT 1354:1361 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 3 49 theme major 505:509 arg1 patterns 454:461 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns 423:461 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex 423:497 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 49 theme major 505:509 arg1 limitation 511:520 a major limitation 503:520 a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally 503:722 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 50 theme N-glycosylation 438:452 arg1 patterns 454:461 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns 423:461 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex 423:497 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 3 50 theme N-glycosylation 438:452 arg1 limitation 511:520 a major limitation 503:520 a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally 503:722 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 4 51 theme seeds 970:974 arg1 PSVs 953:956 PSVs 953:956 PSVs 953:956 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 51 theme seeds 970:974 arg1 vacuoles 943:950 protein storage vacuoles 927:950 protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds 927:974 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 52 link ER-derived 979:988 arg1 vesicles 1000:1007 ER-derived transport vesicles 979:1007 ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex 979:1037 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 7 53 theme chimeric 1429:1436 arg1 GCase 1438:1442 The chimeric GCase 1425:1442 The chimeric GCase 1425:1442 The chimeric GCase became localized in PSVs but transited through the Golgi complex, as indicated by biochemical analyses of the recombinant protein's N-glycans. 25187293 1 54 theme Golgi 329:333 arg1 complex 335:341 the Golgi complex 325:341 the Golgi complex 325:341 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 0 55 theme N-glycan 156:163 arg1 maturation 165:174 N-glycan maturation 156:174 N-glycan maturation 156:174 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 7 56 theme biochemical 1526:1536 arg1 analyses 1538:1545 biochemical analyses 1526:1545 biochemical analyses of the recombinant protein's N-glycans 1526:1584 The chimeric GCase became localized in PSVs but transited through the Golgi complex, as indicated by biochemical analyses of the recombinant protein's N-glycans. 25187293 3 57 theme recombinant 634:644 arg1 glycoprotein 646:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 4 58 theme targeting 773:781 arg1 motif 783:787 a vacuolar membrane targeting motif 753:787 a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 753:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 5 59 theme plant-Golgi-specific 1193:1212 arg1 modifications 1231:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications 1180:1243 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 1 60 with glucocerebrosidase 183:200 arg1 domains 226:232 vacuolar anchoring domains 207:232 vacuolar anchoring domains 207:232 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 6 61 theme acid 1266:1269 arg1 EC 1314:1315 EC 3.2.1.45 1314:1324 EC 3.2.1.45 1314:1324 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 6 61 theme acid 1266:1269 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 6 61 theme acid 1266:1269 arg1 β-glucosidase 1271:1283 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase 1246:1283 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT 1246:1361 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 4 62 theme α-tonoplast 873:883 arg1 protein 895:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein 873:901 α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 873:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 62 theme α-tonoplast 873:883 arg1 α-TIP 904:908 α-TIP 904:908 α-TIP 904:908 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 1 63 theme protein 250:256 arg1 vacuoles 266:273 protein storage vacuoles 250:273 protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds 250:301 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 1 63 theme protein 250:256 arg1 PSVs 276:279 PSVs 276:279 PSVs 276:279 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 64 theme storage 935:941 arg1 PSVs 953:956 PSVs 953:956 PSVs 953:956 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 64 theme storage 935:941 arg1 vacuoles 943:950 protein storage vacuoles 927:950 protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds 927:974 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 6 65 theme lysosomal 1256:1264 arg1 EC 1314:1315 EC 3.2.1.45 1314:1324 EC 3.2.1.45 1314:1324 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 6 65 theme lysosomal 1256:1264 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 6 65 theme lysosomal 1256:1264 arg1 β-glucosidase 1271:1283 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase 1246:1283 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT 1246:1361 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 3 66 from residues 618:625 arg1 glycoprotein 646:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 the recombinant glycoprotein 630:657 Plant-specific N-glycosylation patterns elaborated within the Golgi complex are a major limitation of using plants to produce biopharmaceuticals as the presence of β1,2 xylose and/or α1,3 fucose residues on the recombinant glycoprotein can render the product immunogenic if administrated parenterally. 25187293 1 67 theme storage 258:264 arg1 vacuoles 266:273 protein storage vacuoles 250:273 protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds 250:301 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 1 67 theme storage 258:264 arg1 PSVs 276:279 PSVs 276:279 PSVs 276:279 Human glucocerebrosidase with vacuolar anchoring domains was targeted to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of Arabidopsis seeds, but unexpectedly via the Golgi complex. 25187293 0 68 theme protein 81:87 arg1 vacuole 97:103 the protein storage vacuole 77:103 the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds 77:124 Membrane anchors effectively traffic recombinant human glucocerebrosidase to the protein storage vacuole of Arabidopsis seeds but do not adequately control N-glycan maturation. 25187293 5 69 theme pharmaceutical 1082:1095 arg1 glycoprotein 1097:1108 a pharmaceutical glycoprotein 1080:1108 a pharmaceutical glycoprotein 1080:1108 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 6 70 theme human 1250:1254 arg1 EC 1314:1315 EC 3.2.1.45 1314:1324 EC 3.2.1.45 1314:1324 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 6 70 theme human 1250:1254 arg1 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 glucocerebrosidase 1286:1303 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 6 70 theme human 1250:1254 arg1 β-glucosidase 1271:1283 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase 1246:1283 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT 1246:1361 The human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase; GCase) (EC 3.2.1.45) fused to the BP-80 TMD and α-TIP CT was produced in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (Col-0) seeds. 25187293 5 71 gly glycoprotein 1097:1108 arg1 glycoprotein 1097:1108 a pharmaceutical glycoprotein 1080:1108 a pharmaceutical glycoprotein 1080:1108 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 8 72 theme strategy 1639:1646 arg1 use 1613:1615 use 1613:1615 use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins 1613:1723 Our findings suggest that use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins is not consistently effective, as it is likely protein- and/or species-specific. 25187293 4 73 theme transport 990:998 arg1 vesicles 1000:1007 ER-derived transport vesicles 979:1007 ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex 979:1037 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 5 74 theme targeting 1145:1153 arg1 sequences 1155:1163 the same targeting sequences 1136:1163 the same targeting sequences 1136:1163 This prompted us to investigate whether a pharmaceutical glycoprotein is targeted to PSVs using the same targeting sequences, thus avoiding the unwanted plant-Golgi-specific complex N-glycan modifications. 25187293 4 75 theme cytoplasmic 848:858 arg1 CT 866:867 CT 866:867 CT 866:867 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 4 75 theme cytoplasmic 848:858 arg1 tail 860:863 the cytoplasmic tail 844:863 the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) 844:909 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 25187293 8 76 theme N-glycan 1669:1676 arg1 maturation 1678:1687 problematic N-glycan maturation 1657:1687 problematic N-glycan maturation 1657:1687 Our findings suggest that use of this PSV-targeting strategy to avoid problematic N-glycan maturation on recombinant therapeutic proteins is not consistently effective, as it is likely protein- and/or species-specific. 25187293 4 77 theme tobacco 962:968 arg1 seeds 970:974 tobacco seeds 962:974 tobacco seeds 962:974 A reporter protein fused to a vacuolar membrane targeting motif comprised of the BP-80 transmembrane domain (TMD), and the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of α-tonoplast intrinsic protein (α-TIP) is delivered to protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) of tobacco seeds by ER-derived transport vesicles that bypass the Golgi complex. 28300074 5 0 theme polysaccharide 582:595 arg1 assembly 561:568 a highly efficient assembly 542:568 a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 542:653 Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. 28300074 1 1 theme numerous 182:189 arg1 processes 202:210 numerous biological processes 182:210 numerous biological processes 182:210 Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. 28300074 7 2 theme one-pot 1015:1021 arg1 protocol 1037:1044 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 991:1044 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 991:1044 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 28300074 4 3 theme chains 452:457 arg1 assembly 422:429 assembly 422:429 assembly of long carbohydrate chains 422:457 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 1 4 theme biological 191:200 arg1 processes 202:210 numerous biological processes 182:210 numerous biological processes 182:210 Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. 28300074 7 5 theme complicated 1097:1107 arg1 chains 1122:1127 long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1088:1127 long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1088:1127 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 28300074 4 6 theme carbohydrate 439:450 arg1 chains 452:457 long carbohydrate chains 434:457 long carbohydrate chains 434:457 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 7 7 theme chains 1122:1127 arg1 construction 1072:1083 the construction 1068:1083 the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1068:1127 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 28300074 6 8 theme total 837:841 arg1 synthesis 843:851 the first total synthesis 827:851 the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 827:909 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 5 9 theme glycosylation 632:644 arg1 protocol 646:653 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 600:653 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 600:653 Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. 28300074 6 10 theme branched 675:682 arg1 fragments 715:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments 656:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length 656:762 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 5 11 theme efficient 551:559 arg1 assembly 561:568 a highly efficient assembly 542:568 a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 542:653 Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. 28300074 6 12 theme oligosaccharide/polysaccharide 684:713 arg1 fragments 715:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments 656:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length 656:762 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 6 13 theme mycobacterial 881:893 arg1 arabinogalactan 895:909 a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 856:909 a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 856:909 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 1 14 theme diverse 103:109 arg1 Carbohydrates 85:97 Carbohydrates 85:97 Carbohydrates 85:97 Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. 28300074 1 14 theme diverse 103:109 arg1 bio-macromolecules 111:128 diverse bio-macromolecules 103:128 diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes 103:210 Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. 28300074 0 15 theme Total 0:4 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Total synthesis 0:14 Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan 0:47 Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units. 28300074 6 16 theme [31+31+30 939:947 arg1 reaction 959:966 a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction 919:966 a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction 919:966 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 4 17 theme long 434:437 arg1 chains 452:457 long carbohydrate chains 434:457 long carbohydrate chains 434:457 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 4 18 theme tasks 495:499 arg1 tasks 495:499 the most challenging tasks 474:499 the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists 474:522 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 4 18 theme tasks 495:499 arg1 one 467:469 one 467:469 one 467:469 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 0 19 theme mycobacterial 19:31 arg1 arabinogalactan 33:47 mycobacterial arabinogalactan 19:47 mycobacterial arabinogalactan 19:47 Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units. 28300074 6 20 theme important 871:879 arg1 arabinogalactan 895:909 a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 856:909 a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 856:909 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 7 21 theme long 1088:1091 arg1 chains 1122:1127 long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1088:1127 long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1088:1127 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 28300074 6 22 theme convergent 928:937 arg1 reaction 959:966 a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction 919:966 a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction 919:966 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 1 23 with bio-macromolecules 111:128 arg1 structures 150:159 highly complex structures 135:159 highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes 135:210 Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. 28300074 6 24 theme Several 656:662 arg1 fragments 715:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments 656:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length 656:762 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 2 25 theme Well-defined 213:224 arg1 carbohydrates 226:238 Well-defined carbohydrates 213:238 Well-defined carbohydrates obtained by chemical synthesis 213:269 Well-defined carbohydrates obtained by chemical synthesis are essential to the understanding of their functions. 28300074 6 26 from 31-mer 747:752 arg1 length 757:762 length 757:762 length 757:762 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 0 27 theme arabinogalactan 33:47 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Total synthesis 0:14 Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan 0:47 Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units. 28300074 0 28 theme monosaccharide 63:76 arg1 units 78:82 92 monosaccharide units 60:82 92 monosaccharide units 60:82 Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units. 28300074 4 29 theme synthetic 505:513 arg1 chemists 515:522 synthetic chemists 505:522 synthetic chemists 505:522 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 1 30 theme complex 142:148 arg1 structures 150:159 highly complex structures 135:159 highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes 135:210 Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. 28300074 6 31 theme coupling 950:957 arg1 reaction 959:966 a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction 919:966 a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction 919:966 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 5 32 theme preactivation-based 604:622 arg1 protocol 646:653 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 600:653 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 600:653 Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. 28300074 2 33 theme chemical 252:259 arg1 synthesis 261:269 chemical synthesis 252:269 chemical synthesis 252:269 Well-defined carbohydrates obtained by chemical synthesis are essential to the understanding of their functions. 28300074 2 34 theme functions 315:323 arg1 understanding 292:304 the understanding 288:304 the understanding of their functions 288:323 Well-defined carbohydrates obtained by chemical synthesis are essential to the understanding of their functions. 28300074 5 35 theme one-pot 624:630 arg1 protocol 646:653 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 600:653 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 600:653 Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. 28300074 6 36 theme arabinogalactan 895:909 arg1 synthesis 843:851 the first total synthesis 827:851 the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 827:909 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 7 37 theme carbohydrate 1109:1120 arg1 chains 1122:1127 long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1088:1127 long and complicated carbohydrate chains 1088:1127 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 28300074 3 38 theme carbohydrates 348:360 arg1 synthesis 335:343 synthesis 335:343 synthesis of carbohydrates 335:360 However, synthesis of carbohydrates is greatly hampered by its insufficient efficiency. 28300074 4 39 theme challenging 483:493 arg1 tasks 495:499 the most challenging tasks 474:499 the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists 474:522 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 6 40 theme first 831:835 arg1 synthesis 843:851 the first total synthesis 827:851 the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan 827:909 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 7 41 theme glycosylation 1023:1035 arg1 protocol 1037:1044 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 991:1044 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 991:1044 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 28300074 6 42 theme one-pot 797:803 arg1 manner 805:810 one-pot manner 797:810 one-pot manner 797:810 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 4 43 theme most 478:481 arg1 tasks 495:499 the most challenging tasks 474:499 the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists 474:522 So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. 28300074 3 44 theme insufficient 389:400 arg1 efficiency 402:411 its insufficient efficiency 385:411 its insufficient efficiency 385:411 However, synthesis of carbohydrates is greatly hampered by its insufficient efficiency. 28300074 6 45 theme linear 664:669 arg1 fragments 715:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments 656:723 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length 656:762 Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. 28300074 5 46 theme 92-mer 575:580 arg1 polysaccharide 582:595 a 92-mer polysaccharide 573:595 a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 573:653 Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. 28300074 7 47 theme preactivation-based 995:1013 arg1 protocol 1037:1044 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 991:1044 the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol 991:1044 Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. 27943633 8 0 contain containing 1623:1632 arg1 IgGs 1618:1621 IgGs 1618:1621 IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1618:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 8 0 contain containing 1623:1632 arg2 N-glycans 1634:1642 N-glycans 1634:1642 N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1634:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 2 1 gly sialylation 315:325 arg1 antibodies 293:302 antibodies 293:302 antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells 293:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 3 2 theme combining 531:539 arg1 mutations 541:549 combining mutations 531:549 combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase 531:655 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 7 3 theme IgG 1239:1241 arg1 glycoprofiling 1221:1234 glycoprofiling 1221:1234 glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1221:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 3 4 from mutations 541:549 arg1 regions 561:567 the Fc regions 554:567 the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase 554:655 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 2 5 theme antibodies 293:302 arg1 production 279:288 production 279:288 production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells 279:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 2 6 from cells 354:358 arg1 sialylation 315:325 α-2,6 sialylation 309:325 α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells 309:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 3 7 theme Fc 558:559 arg1 regions 561:567 the Fc regions 554:567 the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase 554:655 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 6 8 theme α-2,3 1064:1068 arg1 acids 1084:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 3 9 theme sialyltransferase 578:594 arg1 accessibility 596:608 sialyltransferase accessibility 578:608 sialyltransferase accessibility 578:608 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 8 10 from lines 1577:1581 arg1 antibodies 1519:1528 Engineered antibodies 1508:1528 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1508:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 5 11 theme α-2,6 901:905 arg1 level 919:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level 883:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 883:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 3 12 theme sialyltransferase 639:655 arg1 overexpression 615:628 overexpression 615:628 overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase 615:655 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 1 13 theme antibody-dependent 197:214 arg1 cytotoxicity 225:236 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 197:236 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 197:236 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 7 14 theme acid 1259:1262 arg1 substitutions 1264:1276 four amino acid substitutions 1248:1276 four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1248:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 1 15 gly sialylation 146:156 arg1 G 133:133 Immunoglobin G 120:133 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation 120:156 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 3 16 theme significant 675:685 arg1 levels 687:692 significant levels 675:692 significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation 675:728 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 1 17 theme Immunoglobin 120:131 arg1 G 133:133 Immunoglobin G 120:133 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation 120:156 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 8 18 theme different 1649:1657 arg1 variations 1670:1679 different structural variations 1649:1679 different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1649:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 6 19 theme sialyltransferase 1139:1155 arg1 pools 1205:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 8 20 from role 1699:1702 arg1 performance 1732:1742 protein performance 1724:1742 protein performance 1724:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 1 21 theme α-2,6 140:144 arg1 sialylation 146:156 α-2,6 sialylation 140:156 α-2,6 sialylation 140:156 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 2 22 with antibodies 293:302 arg1 sialylation 315:325 α-2,6 sialylation 309:325 α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells 309:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 0 23 theme Sialic 72:77 arg1 Acid 79:82 α-2,3 Sialic Acid 66:82 α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO 66:117 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 7 24 gly disialylated 1441:1452 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans 1415:1460 more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans 1415:1460 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 5 25 theme sialyltransferase 969:985 arg1 knockouts 987:995 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 959:995 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 959:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 4 26 theme α-2,3 814:818 arg1 sialylation 820:830 the α-2,3 sialylation 810:830 the α-2,3 sialylation 810:830 Therefore, ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes were disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 to minimize the α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 6 27 theme sialic 1077:1082 arg1 acids 1084:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 7 28 theme sialyltransferase 1335:1351 arg1 clone 1360:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 1 29 with G 133:133 arg1 sialylation 146:156 α-2,6 sialylation 140:156 α-2,6 sialylation 140:156 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 6 30 theme overexpression 1190:1203 arg1 pools 1205:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 8 31 theme glycosylation 1707:1719 arg1 role 1699:1702 the role 1695:1702 the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1695:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 0 32 theme Integrated 0:9 arg1 Genome 11:16 Genome 11:16 Genome 11:16 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 5 33 theme sialyltransferase 1022:1038 arg1 overexpression 1040:1053 α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression 1016:1053 α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression 1016:1053 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 6 34 theme knockout-α-2,6 1157:1170 arg1 pools 1205:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 8 35 theme protein 1724:1730 arg1 performance 1732:1742 protein performance 1724:1742 protein performance 1724:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 6 36 located detected 1099:1106 arg1 IgG 1111:1113 IgG 1111:1113 IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1111:1209 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 6 36 located detected 1099:1106 arg2 acids 1084:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 2 37 theme N-glycan 444:451 arg1 site 453:456 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 2 37 theme N-glycan 444:451 arg1 sialyltransferases 496:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 7 38 gly sialylated 1392:1401 arg1 glycans 1403:1409 more than 77% sialylated glycans 1378:1409 more than 77% sialylated glycans 1378:1409 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 6 39 theme α-2,3 1133:1137 arg1 pools 1205:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 2 40 theme sialyltransferases 496:513 arg1 site 453:456 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 2 40 theme sialyltransferases 496:513 arg1 presence 466:473 the presence 462:473 the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 462:513 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 2 40 theme sialyltransferases 496:513 arg1 sialyltransferases 496:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 3 41 theme α-2,6 702:706 arg1 levels 687:692 significant levels 675:692 significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation 675:728 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 8 42 theme Chinese 1550:1556 arg1 lines 1577:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 2 43 theme heavy 432:436 arg1 chain 438:442 the heavy chain 428:442 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 7 44 theme biantennary 1429:1439 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans 1415:1460 more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans 1415:1460 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 8 45 theme ovary 1566:1570 arg1 lines 1577:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 5 46 theme SNA 857:859 arg1 blot 868:871 SNA lectin blot 857:871 SNA lectin blot 857:871 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 2 47 theme ovary 348:352 arg1 cells 354:358 Chinese hamster ovary cells 332:358 Chinese hamster ovary cells 332:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 1 48 theme cellular 216:223 arg1 cytotoxicity 225:236 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 197:236 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 197:236 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 7 49 with glycoprofiling 1221:1234 arg1 substitutions 1264:1276 four amino acid substitutions 1248:1276 four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1248:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 3 50 theme α-2,3 712:716 arg1 levels 687:692 significant levels 675:692 significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation 675:728 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 7 51 dep glycans 1454:1460 arg1 % 1427:1427 % 1427:1427 % 1427:1427 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 0 52 from CHO 115:117 arg1 Antibodies 99:108 Recombinant Antibodies 87:108 Recombinant Antibodies from CHO 87:117 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 8 53 with N-glycans 1634:1642 arg1 variations 1670:1679 different structural variations 1649:1679 different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1649:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 5 54 theme relative 925:932 arg1 level 919:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level 883:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 883:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 0 55 theme α-2,6 44:48 arg1 Sialylation 50:60 α-2,6 Sialylation 44:60 α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO 44:117 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 2 56 theme Chinese 332:338 arg1 cells 354:358 Chinese hamster ovary cells 332:358 Chinese hamster ovary cells 332:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 5 57 theme α-2,3 937:941 arg1 sialylation 943:953 α-2,3 sialylation 937:953 α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 937:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 6 58 theme linked 1070:1075 arg1 acids 1084:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 5 59 theme increased 891:899 arg1 level 919:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level 883:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 883:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 0 60 from Acid 79:82 arg1 Antibodies 99:108 Recombinant Antibodies 87:108 Recombinant Antibodies from CHO 87:117 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 3 61 theme α-2,6 633:637 arg1 sialyltransferase 639:655 α-2,6 sialyltransferase 633:655 α-2,6 sialyltransferase 633:655 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 5 62 theme sialylation 907:917 arg1 level 919:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level 883:923 greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 883:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 7 63 theme stable 1353:1358 arg1 clone 1360:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 6 64 link linked 1070:1075 arg1 acids 1084:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 α-2,3 linked sialic acids 1064:1088 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 4 65 theme ST3GAL6 754:760 arg1 genes 762:766 ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes 742:766 ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes 742:766 Therefore, ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes were disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 to minimize the α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 3 66 dep regions 561:567 arg1 allow 572:576 allow 572:576 to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase 569:655 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 8 67 theme structural 1659:1668 arg1 variations 1670:1679 different structural variations 1649:1679 different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1649:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 0 68 theme α-2,3 66:70 arg1 Acid 79:82 α-2,3 Sialic Acid 66:82 α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO 66:117 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 5 69 theme α-2,3 963:967 arg1 knockouts 987:995 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 959:995 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts 959:995 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 4 70 theme ST3GAL4 742:748 arg1 genes 762:766 ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes 742:766 ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes 742:766 Therefore, ST3GAL4 and ST3GAL6 genes were disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 to minimize the α-2,3 sialylation. 27943633 0 71 theme Recombinant 87:97 arg1 Antibodies 99:108 Recombinant Antibodies 87:108 Recombinant Antibodies from CHO 87:117 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 2 72 theme α-2,6 309:313 arg1 sialylation 315:325 α-2,6 sialylation 309:325 α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells 309:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 8 73 with biotechnologists 1596:1611 arg1 IgGs 1618:1621 IgGs 1618:1621 IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance 1618:1742 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 7 74 theme knockout-α-2,6 1320:1333 arg1 clone 1360:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 2 75 theme sialyltransferases 405:422 arg1 inaccessibility 386:400 the inaccessibility 382:400 the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 382:513 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 5 76 theme lectin 861:866 arg1 blot 868:871 SNA lectin blot 857:871 SNA lectin blot 857:871 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 5 77 theme α-2,6 1016:1020 arg1 overexpression 1040:1053 α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression 1016:1053 α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression 1016:1053 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 6 78 theme sialyltransferase 1172:1188 arg1 pools 1205:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools 1129:1209 Indeed, α-2,3 linked sialic acids were not detected on IgG produced from the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression pools. 27943633 8 79 theme Engineered 1508:1517 arg1 antibodies 1519:1528 Engineered antibodies 1508:1528 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1508:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 0 80 theme Protein 22:28 arg1 Editing 30:36 Protein Editing 22:36 Protein Editing 22:36 Integrated Genome and Protein Editing Swaps α-2,6 Sialylation for α-2,3 Sialic Acid on Recombinant Antibodies from CHO. 27943633 7 81 dep sialylated 1392:1401 arg1 % 1390:1390 more than 77% 1378:1390 more than 77% 1378:1390 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 7 82 theme disialylated 1441:1452 arg1 glycans 1454:1460 more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans 1415:1460 more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans 1415:1460 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 1 83 contain have 179:182 arg2 impact 187:192 an impact 184:192 an impact 184:192 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 1 83 contain have 179:182 arg1 G 133:133 Immunoglobin G 120:133 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation 120:156 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 2 84 theme chain 438:442 arg1 site 453:456 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 the heavy chain N-glycan site 428:456 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 2 84 theme chain 438:442 arg1 sialyltransferases 496:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 5 85 theme Sialidase 833:841 arg1 treatment 843:851 Sialidase treatment 833:851 Sialidase treatment 833:851 Sialidase treatment and SNA lectin blot indicated greatly increased α-2,6 sialylation level relative to α-2,3 sialylation for the α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockouts when combined with α-2,6 sialyltransferase overexpression. 27943633 2 86 theme α-2,3 490:494 arg1 sialyltransferases 496:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases 478:513 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 8 87 theme modified 1541:1548 arg1 lines 1577:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 7 88 theme amino 1253:1257 arg1 substitutions 1264:1276 four amino acid substitutions 1248:1276 four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1248:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 8 89 theme hamster 1558:1564 arg1 lines 1577:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 7 90 dep % 1427:1427 arg1 62 1425:1426 62 1425:1426 62 1425:1426 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 8 91 theme cell 1572:1575 arg1 lines 1577:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines 1535:1581 Engineered antibodies from these modified Chinese hamster ovary cell lines will provide biotechnologists with IgGs containing N-glycans with different structural variations for examining the role of glycosylation on protein performance. 27943633 2 92 theme hamster 340:346 arg1 cells 354:358 Chinese hamster ovary cells 332:358 Chinese hamster ovary cells 332:358 However, production of antibodies with α-2,6 sialylation from Chinese hamster ovary cells is challenging due to the inaccessibility of sialyltransferases for the heavy chain N-glycan site and the presence of exclusively α-2,3 sialyltransferases. 27943633 7 93 theme sialylated 1392:1401 arg1 glycans 1403:1409 more than 77% sialylated glycans 1378:1409 more than 77% sialylated glycans 1378:1409 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 1 94 theme anti-inflammatory 242:258 arg1 efficacy 260:267 anti-inflammatory efficacy 242:267 anti-inflammatory efficacy 242:267 Immunoglobin G with α-2,6 sialylation has been reported to have an impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. 27943633 7 95 theme α-2,3 1296:1300 arg1 clone 1360:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 7 96 theme sialyltransferase 1302:1318 arg1 clone 1360:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone 1293:1364 Finally, glycoprofiling of IgG with four amino acid substitutions expressed from an α-2,3 sialyltransferase knockout-α-2,6 sialyltransferase stable clone resulted in more than 77% sialylated glycans and more than 62% biantennary disialylated glycans as indicated by both MALDI-TOF and LC-ESI-MS. 27943633 3 97 dep α-2,6 702:706 arg1 sialylation 718:728 sialylation 718:728 sialylation 718:728 In this study, combining mutations on the Fc regions to allow sialyltransferase accessibility with overexpression of α-2,6 sialyltransferase produced IgG with significant levels of both α-2,6 and α-2,3 sialylation. 26100547 7 0 theme hydrazide 1291:1299 arg1 probe 1321:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 8 1 theme MS 1504:1505 arg1 analysis 1507:1514 MS analysis 1504:1514 MS analysis 1504:1514 The former enables reversible conjugation to a thiol-activated solid support, while the latter improves the ionization signal during MS analysis. 26100547 0 2 theme spectrometric 65:77 arg1 characterization 79:94 the mass spectrometric characterization 56:94 the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides 56:129 A cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides. 26100547 1 3 gly glycosylation 196:208 arg1 Campylobacterales 135:151 Campylobacterales 135:151 Campylobacterales 135:151 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 3 gly glycosylation 196:208 arg1 ε-proteobacteria 165:180 related ε-proteobacteria 157:180 related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) 157:214 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 4 theme N-linked 187:194 arg1 NLG 211:213 NLG 211:213 NLG 211:213 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 4 theme N-linked 187:194 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 N-linked glycosylation 187:208 N-linked glycosylation (NLG) 187:214 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 0 5 theme bacterial 99:107 arg1 oligosaccharides 114:129 bacterial free oligosaccharides 99:129 bacterial free oligosaccharides 99:129 A cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides. 26100547 4 6 theme unreacted 917:925 arg1 reagents 927:934 the unreacted reagents 913:934 the unreacted reagents used for the modification 913:960 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 8 7 theme ionization 1479:1488 arg1 signal 1490:1495 the ionization signal 1475:1495 the ionization signal 1475:1495 The former enables reversible conjugation to a thiol-activated solid support, while the latter improves the ionization signal during MS analysis. 26100547 1 8 dep Campylobacterales 135:151 arg1 pathways 216:223 pathways 216:223 pathways 216:223 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 6 9 theme hydrazide 1174:1182 arg1 derivative 1184:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative 1154:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative 1154:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative was synthesized to selectively isolate fOS from periplasmic fractions of bacteria. 26100547 11 10 theme glycosylation 1845:1857 arg1 pathways 1859:1866 protein glycosylation pathways 1837:1866 protein glycosylation pathways 1837:1866 This versatile enrichment technique allows for the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways. 26100547 10 11 theme MS/MS 1658:1662 arg1 analysis 1664:1671 complementary MS/MS analysis 1644:1671 complementary MS/MS analysis 1644:1671 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 1 12 with ε-proteobacteria 165:180 arg1 NLG 211:213 NLG 211:213 NLG 211:213 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 12 with ε-proteobacteria 165:180 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 N-linked glycosylation 187:208 N-linked glycosylation (NLG) 187:214 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 3 13 from elucidation 535:545 arg1 number 605:610 a number 603:610 a number of species 603:621 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 4 14 theme part 794:797 arg1 modification 765:776 chemical modification 756:776 chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry 756:886 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 1 15 theme periplasmic 276:286 arg1 space 288:292 the periplasmic space 272:292 the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors 272:321 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 0 16 theme oligosaccharides 114:129 arg1 characterization 79:94 the mass spectrometric characterization 56:94 the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides 56:129 A cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides. 26100547 4 17 used used 747:750 arg2 chemistry 722:730 hydrazide chemistry 712:730 hydrazide chemistry 712:730 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 10 18 theme fOS 1723:1725 arg1 structure 1706:1714 a known structure 1698:1714 a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus 1698:1753 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 0 19 theme free 109:112 arg1 oligosaccharides 114:129 bacterial free oligosaccharides 99:129 bacterial free oligosaccharides 99:129 A cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides. 26100547 10 20 from structure 1706:1714 arg1 Campylobacter 1732:1744 Campylobacter 1732:1744 Campylobacter 1732:1744 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 1 21 from precursors 312:321 arg1 space 288:292 the periplasmic space 272:292 the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors 272:321 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 3 22 theme fOS-branched 554:565 arg1 structures 567:576 fOS-branched structures 554:576 fOS-branched structures 554:576 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 2 23 theme molecular 410:418 arg1 structure 420:428 the same molecular structure 401:428 the same molecular structure as the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated 401:503 This hydrolysis results in the same molecular structure as the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated. 26100547 7 24 contain possesses 1327:1335 arg1 probe 1321:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 7 24 contain possesses 1327:1335 arg2 moieties 1361:1368 both thiol and cationic moieties 1337:1368 both thiol and cationic moieties 1337:1368 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 7 25 theme thiol 1342:1346 arg1 moieties 1361:1368 both thiol and cationic moieties 1337:1368 both thiol and cationic moieties 1337:1368 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 8 26 theme solid 1434:1438 arg1 support 1440:1446 a thiol-activated solid support 1416:1446 a thiol-activated solid support 1416:1446 The former enables reversible conjugation to a thiol-activated solid support, while the latter improves the ionization signal during MS analysis. 26100547 2 27 theme same 405:408 arg1 structure 420:428 the same molecular structure 401:428 the same molecular structure as the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated 401:503 This hydrolysis results in the same molecular structure as the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated. 26100547 10 28 dep Campylobacter 1732:1744 arg1 concisus 1746:1753 Campylobacter concisus 1732:1753 Campylobacter concisus 1732:1753 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 9 29 theme Campylobacter 1567:1579 arg1 jejuni 1581:1586 the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni 1550:1586 the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni 1550:1586 This enrichment was validated on the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni by identifying fOS from the periplasmic extracts. 26100547 8 30 theme thiol-activated 1418:1432 arg1 support 1440:1446 a thiol-activated solid support 1416:1446 a thiol-activated solid support 1416:1446 The former enables reversible conjugation to a thiol-activated solid support, while the latter improves the ionization signal during MS analysis. 26100547 4 31 theme fOS 707:709 arg1 characterization 687:702 characterization 687:702 characterization of fOS 687:709 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 6 32 theme periplasmic 1243:1253 arg1 fractions 1255:1263 periplasmic fractions 1243:1263 periplasmic fractions of bacteria 1243:1275 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative was synthesized to selectively isolate fOS from periplasmic fractions of bacteria. 26100547 4 33 theme mass 870:873 arg1 spectrometry 875:886 mass spectrometry 870:886 mass spectrometry 870:886 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 3 34 theme monosaccharides 582:596 arg1 elucidation 535:545 the general elucidation 523:545 the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 523:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 7 35 theme cationic 1352:1359 arg1 moieties 1361:1368 both thiol and cationic moieties 1337:1368 both thiol and cationic moieties 1337:1368 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 11 36 theme protein 1837:1843 arg1 pathways 1859:1866 protein glycosylation pathways 1837:1866 protein glycosylation pathways 1837:1866 This versatile enrichment technique allows for the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways. 26100547 1 37 theme lipid-linked 299:310 arg1 precursors 312:321 lipid-linked precursors 299:321 lipid-linked precursors 299:321 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 38 link N-linked 187:194 arg1 NLG 211:213 NLG 211:213 NLG 211:213 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 38 link N-linked 187:194 arg1 glycosylation 196:208 N-linked glycosylation 187:208 N-linked glycosylation (NLG) 187:214 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 5 39 theme complementary 1097:1109 arg1 analysis 1144:1151 complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis 1097:1151 complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis 1097:1151 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 3 40 theme general 527:533 arg1 elucidation 535:545 the general elucidation 523:545 the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 523:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 10 41 theme complementary 1644:1656 arg1 analysis 1664:1671 complementary MS/MS analysis 1644:1671 complementary MS/MS analysis 1644:1671 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 0 42 theme enrichment 36:45 arg1 tool 47:50 an enrichment tool 33:50 an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides 33:129 A cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides. 26100547 9 43 theme well-studied 1554:1565 arg1 jejuni 1581:1586 the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni 1550:1586 the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni 1550:1586 This enrichment was validated on the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni by identifying fOS from the periplasmic extracts. 26100547 5 44 theme tandem 1111:1116 arg1 MS/MS 1137:1141 MS/MS 1137:1141 MS/MS 1137:1141 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 5 44 theme tandem 1111:1116 arg1 spectrometry 1123:1134 tandem mass spectrometry 1111:1134 complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis 1097:1151 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 11 45 theme versatile 1761:1769 arg1 technique 1782:1790 This versatile enrichment technique 1756:1790 This versatile enrichment technique 1756:1790 This versatile enrichment technique allows for the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways. 26100547 1 46 theme free 226:229 arg1 fOS 249:251 fOS 249:251 fOS 249:251 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 46 theme free 226:229 arg1 oligosaccharides 231:246 free oligosaccharides 226:246 free oligosaccharides (fOS) 226:252 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 10 47 theme known 1700:1704 arg1 structure 1706:1714 a known structure 1698:1714 a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus 1698:1753 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 5 48 theme mass 1118:1121 arg1 MS/MS 1137:1141 MS/MS 1137:1141 MS/MS 1137:1141 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 5 48 theme mass 1118:1121 arg1 spectrometry 1123:1134 tandem mass spectrometry 1111:1134 complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis 1097:1151 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 2 49 gly glycosylated 492:503 arg1 oligosaccharide 437:451 the oligosaccharide 433:451 the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated 433:503 This hydrolysis results in the same molecular structure as the oligosaccharide that is transferred to a protein to be glycosylated. 26100547 7 50 theme nicotinamide 1301:1312 arg1 probe 1321:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 5 51 theme spectrometry 1123:1134 arg1 analysis 1144:1151 complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis 1097:1151 complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis 1097:1151 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 5 52 theme fOS 1041:1043 arg1 purification 1045:1056 fOS purification 1041:1056 fOS purification 1041:1056 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 6 53 theme cysteine 1165:1172 arg1 derivative 1184:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative 1154:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative 1154:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative was synthesized to selectively isolate fOS from periplasmic fractions of bacteria. 26100547 1 54 theme bacterial 330:338 arg1 PglB 367:370 PglB 367:370 PglB 367:370 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 1 54 theme bacterial 330:338 arg1 oligosaccharyltransferase 340:364 the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase 326:364 the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB) 326:371 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 4 55 theme reagents 927:934 arg1 removal 902:908 the removal 898:908 the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification 898:960 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 3 56 theme species 615:621 arg1 number 605:610 a number 603:610 a number of species 603:621 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 6 57 theme cationic 1156:1163 arg1 derivative 1184:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative 1154:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative 1154:1193 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative was synthesized to selectively isolate fOS from periplasmic fractions of bacteria. 26100547 4 58 theme sample 991:996 arg1 loss 979:982 the loss 975:982 the loss of the sample 975:996 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 10 59 theme structure 1706:1714 arg1 data 1690:1693 data 1690:1693 data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus 1690:1753 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 4 60 theme better 832:837 arg1 selectivity 839:849 better selectivity 832:849 better selectivity 832:849 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 3 61 theme mass 653:656 arg1 spectrometry 658:669 mass spectrometry 653:669 mass spectrometry 653:669 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 3 62 theme standard 629:636 arg1 methods 671:677 standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 629:677 standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 629:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 3 63 dep structures 567:576 arg1 the 550:552 the 550:552 the 550:552 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 4 64 theme reducing 785:792 arg1 part 794:797 the reducing part 781:797 the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry 781:886 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 11 65 theme pathways 1859:1866 arg1 diversity 1824:1832 a diversity 1822:1832 a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways 1822:1866 This versatile enrichment technique allows for the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways. 26100547 4 66 theme oligosaccharides 802:817 arg1 part 794:797 the reducing part 781:797 the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry 781:886 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 3 67 theme spectrometry 658:669 arg1 methods 671:677 standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 629:677 standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 629:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 1 68 link lipid-linked 299:310 arg1 precursors 312:321 lipid-linked precursors 299:321 lipid-linked precursors 299:321 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 7 69 theme Cyhn 1315:1318 arg1 probe 1321:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 8 70 theme reversible 1390:1399 arg1 conjugation 1401:1411 reversible conjugation 1390:1411 reversible conjugation 1390:1411 The former enables reversible conjugation to a thiol-activated solid support, while the latter improves the ionization signal during MS analysis. 26100547 4 71 theme chemical 756:763 arg1 modification 765:776 chemical modification 756:776 chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry 756:886 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 0 72 theme mass 60:63 arg1 characterization 79:94 the mass spectrometric characterization 56:94 the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides 56:129 A cationic cysteine-hydrazide as an enrichment tool for the mass spectrometric characterization of bacterial free oligosaccharides. 26100547 3 73 theme enrichment 638:647 arg1 methods 671:677 standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 629:677 standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 629:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 10 74 from Campylobacter 1732:1744 arg1 fOS 1723:1725 the fOS 1719:1725 the fOS from Campylobacter concisus 1719:1753 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 10 74 from Campylobacter 1732:1744 arg1 structure 1706:1714 a known structure 1698:1714 a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus 1698:1753 Using complementary MS/MS analysis, we approximated data of a known structure of the fOS from Campylobacter concisus. 26100547 1 75 theme related 157:163 arg1 ε-proteobacteria 165:180 related ε-proteobacteria 157:180 related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) 157:214 In Campylobacterales and related ε-proteobacteria with N-linked glycosylation (NLG) pathways, free oligosaccharides (fOS) are released into the periplasmic space from lipid-linked precursors by the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase (PglB). 26100547 3 76 from number 605:610 arg1 structures 567:576 fOS-branched structures 554:576 fOS-branched structures 554:576 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 3 76 from number 605:610 arg1 elucidation 535:545 the general elucidation 523:545 the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 523:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 3 76 from number 605:610 arg1 monosaccharides 582:596 monosaccharides 582:596 monosaccharides from a number of species 582:621 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 9 77 theme periplasmic 1616:1626 arg1 extracts 1628:1635 the periplasmic extracts 1612:1635 the periplasmic extracts 1612:1635 This enrichment was validated on the well-studied Campylobacter jejuni by identifying fOS from the periplasmic extracts. 26100547 7 78 theme cysteine 1282:1289 arg1 probe 1321:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe 1278:1325 The cysteine hydrazide nicotinamide (Cyhn) probe possesses both thiol and cationic moieties. 26100547 3 79 theme structures 567:576 arg1 elucidation 535:545 the general elucidation 523:545 the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods 523:677 This allowed for the general elucidation of the fOS-branched structures and monosaccharides from a number of species using standard enrichment and mass spectrometry methods. 26100547 5 80 theme robust 1023:1028 arg1 method 1030:1035 a more robust method 1016:1035 a more robust method for fOS purification 1016:1056 Here, we develop a more robust method for fOS purification and characterize glycostructures using complementary tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. 26100547 6 81 theme bacteria 1268:1275 arg1 fractions 1255:1263 periplasmic fractions 1243:1263 periplasmic fractions of bacteria 1243:1275 A cationic cysteine hydrazide derivative was synthesized to selectively isolate fOS from periplasmic fractions of bacteria. 26100547 4 82 theme hydrazide 712:720 arg1 chemistry 722:730 hydrazide chemistry 712:730 hydrazide chemistry 712:730 To aid characterization of fOS, hydrazide chemistry has often been used for chemical modification of the reducing part of oligosaccharides resulting in better selectivity and sensitivity in mass spectrometry; however, the removal of the unreacted reagents used for the modification often causes the loss of the sample. 26100547 11 83 theme enrichment 1771:1780 arg1 technique 1782:1790 This versatile enrichment technique 1756:1790 This versatile enrichment technique 1756:1790 This versatile enrichment technique allows for the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways. 26100547 11 84 theme diversity 1824:1832 arg1 exploration 1807:1817 the exploration 1803:1817 the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways 1803:1866 This versatile enrichment technique allows for the exploration of a diversity of protein glycosylation pathways. 28378443 1 0 gly glycoforms 92:101 arg1 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 0 gly glycoforms 92:101 arg1 saposin D 145:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D 106:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 106:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 3 1 theme general 342:348 arg1 protocol 388:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 Three SapD glycoforms were obtained following a general and robust refolding and purification protocol. 28378443 5 2 theme N-glycan 679:686 arg1 dependency 640:649 a dependency 638:649 a dependency of the size 638:661 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 5 2 theme N-glycan 679:686 arg1 type 671:674 the type 667:674 the type of N-glycan 667:686 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 4 3 theme glycoform 425:433 arg1 structure 408:416 A crystal structure 398:416 A crystal structure of one glycoform 398:433 A crystal structure of one glycoform confirmed its native structure and disulfide pattern. 28378443 3 4 gly glycoforms 305:314 arg1 SapD 300:303 Three SapD glycoforms 294:314 Three SapD glycoforms 294:314 Three SapD glycoforms were obtained following a general and robust refolding and purification protocol. 28378443 5 5 theme size 658:661 arg1 dependency 640:649 a dependency 638:649 a dependency of the size 638:661 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 5 5 theme size 658:661 arg1 type 671:674 the type 667:674 the type of N-glycan 667:686 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 1 6 theme main 87:90 arg1 glycoforms 92:101 The main glycoforms 83:101 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 83:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 7 theme native 182:187 arg1 ligation 198:205 native chemical ligation 182:205 native chemical ligation 182:205 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 3 8 theme purification 375:386 arg1 protocol 388:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 Three SapD glycoforms were obtained following a general and robust refolding and purification protocol. 28378443 4 9 theme crystal 400:406 arg1 structure 408:416 A crystal structure 398:416 A crystal structure of one glycoform 398:433 A crystal structure of one glycoform confirmed its native structure and disulfide pattern. 28378443 1 10 theme chemical 189:196 arg1 ligation 198:205 native chemical ligation 182:205 native chemical ligation 182:205 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 5 11 theme SapD 559:562 arg1 glycoforms 564:573 three SapD glycoforms 553:573 three SapD glycoforms 553:573 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 0 12 theme Synthetic 0:8 arg1 Glycoforms 10:19 Synthetic Glycoforms 0:19 Synthetic Glycoforms 0:19 Synthetic Glycoforms Reveal Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity of Human Saposin D. 28378443 5 13 theme SapD 625:628 arg1 moiety 615:620 the single sugar moiety 598:620 the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan 598:686 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 0 14 theme Carbohydrate-Dependent 28:49 arg1 Bioactivity 51:61 Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity 28:61 Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity of Human Saposin D 28:80 Synthetic Glycoforms Reveal Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity of Human Saposin D. 28378443 3 15 theme SapD 300:303 arg1 glycoforms 305:314 Three SapD glycoforms 294:314 Three SapD glycoforms 294:314 Three SapD glycoforms were obtained following a general and robust refolding and purification protocol. 28378443 1 16 theme hydrophobic 110:120 arg1 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 16 theme hydrophobic 110:120 arg1 saposin D 145:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D 106:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 106:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 17 gly glycoprotein 132:143 arg1 glycoprotein 132:143 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D 106:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 106:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 18 theme lysosomal 122:130 arg1 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 18 theme lysosomal 122:130 arg1 saposin D 145:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D 106:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 106:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 5 19 theme lipid-binding 525:537 arg1 properties 539:548 the lipid-binding properties 521:548 the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms 521:573 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 0 20 theme Saposin D 72:80 arg1 Bioactivity 51:61 Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity 28:61 Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity of Human Saposin D 28:80 Synthetic Glycoforms Reveal Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity of Human Saposin D. 28378443 5 21 gly glycoforms 564:573 arg1 SapD 559:562 three SapD glycoforms 553:573 three SapD glycoforms 553:573 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 2 22 theme solid-phase 240:250 arg1 synthesis 252:260 the challenging solid-phase synthesis 224:260 the challenging solid-phase synthesis of the fragments 224:277 An approach for the challenging solid-phase synthesis of the fragments was developed. 28378443 1 23 theme glycoprotein 132:143 arg1 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 SapD 156:159 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 1 23 theme glycoprotein 132:143 arg1 saposin D 145:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D 106:153 the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 106:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 0 24 theme Human 66:70 arg1 Saposin D 72:80 Human Saposin D 66:80 Human Saposin D 66:80 Synthetic Glycoforms Reveal Carbohydrate-Dependent Bioactivity of Human Saposin D. 28378443 2 25 theme challenging 228:238 arg1 synthesis 252:260 the challenging solid-phase synthesis 224:260 the challenging solid-phase synthesis of the fragments 224:277 An approach for the challenging solid-phase synthesis of the fragments was developed. 28378443 5 26 theme single 602:607 arg1 moiety 615:620 the single sugar moiety 598:620 the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan 598:686 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 1 27 theme saposin D 145:153 arg1 glycoforms 92:101 The main glycoforms 83:101 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) 83:160 The main glycoforms of the hydrophobic lysosomal glycoprotein saposin D (SapD) were synthesized by native chemical ligation. 28378443 4 28 theme native 449:454 arg1 structure 456:464 its native structure 445:464 its native structure 445:464 A crystal structure of one glycoform confirmed its native structure and disulfide pattern. 28378443 5 29 theme sugar 609:613 arg1 moiety 615:620 the single sugar moiety 598:620 the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan 598:686 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 4 30 theme disulfide 470:478 arg1 pattern 480:486 disulfide pattern 470:486 disulfide pattern 470:486 A crystal structure of one glycoform confirmed its native structure and disulfide pattern. 28378443 5 31 theme glycoforms 564:573 arg1 properties 539:548 the lipid-binding properties 521:548 the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms 521:573 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 5 32 theme Functional 489:498 arg1 assays 500:505 Functional assays 489:505 Functional assays 489:505 Functional assays revealed that the lipid-binding properties of three SapD glycoforms are highly affected by the single sugar moiety of SapD showing a dependency of the size and the type of N-glycan. 28378443 3 33 theme robust 354:359 arg1 protocol 388:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 Three SapD glycoforms were obtained following a general and robust refolding and purification protocol. 28378443 2 34 theme fragments 269:277 arg1 synthesis 252:260 the challenging solid-phase synthesis 224:260 the challenging solid-phase synthesis of the fragments 224:277 An approach for the challenging solid-phase synthesis of the fragments was developed. 28378443 3 35 theme refolding 361:369 arg1 protocol 388:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 a general and robust refolding and purification protocol 340:395 Three SapD glycoforms were obtained following a general and robust refolding and purification protocol. 25466456 2 0 theme glycosylated 399:410 arg1 proteins 438:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 0 theme glycosylated 399:410 arg1 hydrophobins 327:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 1 1 theme self-mated 211:220 arg1 contact 202:208 a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact 172:208 a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) 172:259 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 1 theme self-mated 211:220 arg1 contact 252:258 self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact 211:258 self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact 211:258 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 6 2 dep much 1109:1112 arg1 as 1114:1115 as 1114:1115 as 1114:1115 PDMS-PDMS sliding interface was effectively lubricated by the hydrophobin solutions, and showed a reduction in the coefficient of friction by as much as ca. 25466456 3 3 theme noticeable 564:573 arg1 difference 575:584 a noticeable difference 562:584 a noticeable difference 562:584 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins were very similar, suggesting overall structural similarity, but showed a noticeable difference according to the concentration. 25466456 2 4 gly non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 proteins 438:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 4 gly non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 hydrophobins 327:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 11 5 from solution 1724:1731 arg1 surfaces 1702:1709 hydrophobic surfaces 1690:1709 hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1690:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 3 6 theme overall 520:526 arg1 similarity 539:548 overall structural similarity 520:548 overall structural similarity 520:548 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins were very similar, suggesting overall structural similarity, but showed a noticeable difference according to the concentration. 25466456 8 7 from lubrication 1208:1218 arg1 regime 1247:1252 low-speed regime 1237:1252 low-speed regime 1237:1252 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 5 8 theme hydrophobins 915:926 arg1 monolayer 898:906 a monolayer 896:906 a monolayer of the hydrophobins 896:926 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 2 9 theme 10 430:431 arg1 kDa 433:435 kDa 433:435 kDa 433:435 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 8 10 theme boundary 1261:1268 arg1 characteristic 1282:1295 boundary lubrication characteristic 1261:1295 boundary lubrication characteristic 1261:1295 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 3 11 theme UV 452:453 arg1 spectra 458:464 Far UV CD spectra 448:464 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins 448:488 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins were very similar, suggesting overall structural similarity, but showed a noticeable difference according to the concentration. 25466456 3 12 theme CD 455:456 arg1 spectra 458:464 Far UV CD spectra 448:464 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins 448:488 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins were very similar, suggesting overall structural similarity, but showed a noticeable difference according to the concentration. 25466456 5 13 theme 0.1 944:946 arg1 mg/mL 948:952 mg/mL 948:952 mg/mL 948:952 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 9 14 theme interface 1466:1474 arg1 hydration 1441:1449 hydration 1441:1449 hydration of the sliding interface 1441:1474 FpHYD5 revealed a better lubrication than HFBI presumably due to the presence of glycans and improved hydration of the sliding interface. 25466456 10 15 theme synthetic 1540:1548 arg1 copolymer 1562:1570 a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer 1538:1570 a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer 1538:1570 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 10 15 theme synthetic 1540:1548 arg1 PEO-PPO-PEO 1573:1583 PEO-PPO-PEO 1573:1583 PEO-PPO-PEO 1573:1583 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 5 16 theme mg/mL 948:952 arg1 solution 954:961 0.1 mg/mL solution 944:961 0.1 mg/mL solution 944:961 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 10 17 theme molecular 1601:1609 arg1 weight 1611:1616 a similar molecular weight 1591:1616 a similar molecular weight 1591:1616 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 10 18 theme amphiphilic 1550:1560 arg1 copolymer 1562:1570 a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer 1538:1570 a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer 1538:1570 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 10 18 theme amphiphilic 1550:1560 arg1 PEO-PPO-PEO 1573:1583 PEO-PPO-PEO 1573:1583 PEO-PPO-PEO 1573:1583 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 5 19 theme hydrophobins 774:785 arg1 masses 760:765 the adsorbed masses 747:765 the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) 747:855 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 5 19 theme hydrophobins 774:785 arg1 identical 869:877 identical 869:877 identical 869:877 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 10 20 theme type 1481:1484 arg1 hydrophobins 1489:1500 Two type II hydrophobins 1477:1500 Two type II hydrophobins 1477:1500 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 6 21 theme hydrophobin 1026:1036 arg1 solutions 1038:1046 the hydrophobin solutions 1022:1046 the hydrophobin solutions 1022:1046 PDMS-PDMS sliding interface was effectively lubricated by the hydrophobin solutions, and showed a reduction in the coefficient of friction by as much as ca. 25466456 2 22 dep m.w. 380:383 arg1 ca. 385:387 m.w. ca. 7 kDa 380:393 m.w. ca. 7 kDa 380:393 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 1 23 theme type 75:78 arg1 additive 160:167 additive 160:167 additive 160:167 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 23 theme type 75:78 arg1 FpHYD5 113:118 FpHYD5 113:118 FpHYD5 113:118 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 23 theme type 75:78 arg1 HFBI 104:107 HFBI 104:107 HFBI 104:107 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 23 theme type 75:78 arg1 hydrophobins 90:101 Two type II fungal hydrophobins 71:101 Two type II fungal hydrophobins 71:101 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 10 24 with copolymer 1562:1570 arg1 weight 1611:1616 a similar molecular weight 1591:1616 a similar molecular weight 1591:1616 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 8 25 theme superior 1199:1206 arg1 lubrication 1208:1218 a superior lubrication 1197:1218 a superior lubrication 1197:1218 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 5 26 theme adsorbed 751:758 arg1 masses 760:765 the adsorbed masses 747:765 the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) 747:855 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 5 26 theme adsorbed 751:758 arg1 identical 869:877 identical 869:877 identical 869:877 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 11 27 theme adsorption 1656:1665 arg1 adsorption 1656:1665 adsorption 1656:1665 adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1656:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 11 27 theme adsorption 1656:1665 arg1 amount 1646:1651 higher amount 1639:1651 higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1639:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 2 28 dep m.w. 421:424 arg1 ca. 426:428 m.w. ca. 10 kDa 421:435 m.w. ca. 10 kDa 421:435 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 9 29 theme sliding 1458:1464 arg1 interface 1466:1474 the sliding interface 1454:1474 the sliding interface 1454:1474 FpHYD5 revealed a better lubrication than HFBI presumably due to the presence of glycans and improved hydration of the sliding interface. 25466456 1 30 theme fungal 83:88 arg1 additive 160:167 additive 160:167 additive 160:167 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 30 theme fungal 83:88 arg1 FpHYD5 113:118 FpHYD5 113:118 FpHYD5 113:118 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 30 theme fungal 83:88 arg1 HFBI 104:107 HFBI 104:107 HFBI 104:107 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 30 theme fungal 83:88 arg1 hydrophobins 90:101 Two type II fungal hydrophobins 71:101 Two type II fungal hydrophobins 71:101 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 8 31 theme low-speed 1237:1245 arg1 regime 1247:1252 low-speed regime 1237:1252 low-speed regime 1237:1252 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 2 32 theme non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 proteins 438:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 32 theme non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 hydrophobins 327:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 5 33 theme 10-fold 701:707 arg1 difference 709:718 10-fold difference 701:718 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration 701:744 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 11 34 theme higher 1639:1644 arg1 adsorption 1656:1665 adsorption 1656:1665 adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1656:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 11 34 theme higher 1639:1644 arg1 amount 1646:1651 higher amount 1639:1651 higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1639:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 3 35 theme structural 528:537 arg1 similarity 539:548 overall structural similarity 520:548 overall structural similarity 520:548 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins were very similar, suggesting overall structural similarity, but showed a noticeable difference according to the concentration. 25466456 2 36 gly glycosylated 399:410 arg1 proteins 438:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins 356:445 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 36 gly glycosylated 399:410 arg1 hydrophobins 327:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins 319:338 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 7 37 theme magnitude 1135:1143 arg1 orders 1125:1130 two orders 1121:1130 two orders of magnitude. 1121:1144 two orders of magnitude. 25466456 11 38 theme aqueous 1716:1722 arg1 solution 1724:1731 aqueous solution 1716:1731 aqueous solution 1716:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 6 39 theme friction 1094:1101 arg1 coefficient 1079:1089 the coefficient 1075:1089 the coefficient of friction 1075:1101 PDMS-PDMS sliding interface was effectively lubricated by the hydrophobin solutions, and showed a reduction in the coefficient of friction by as much as ca. 25466456 10 40 theme II 1486:1487 arg1 hydrophobins 1489:1500 Two type II hydrophobins 1477:1500 Two type II hydrophobins 1477:1500 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 1 41 theme nonpolar 174:181 arg1 contact 202:208 a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact 172:208 a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) 172:259 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 41 theme nonpolar 174:181 arg1 contact 252:258 self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact 211:258 self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact 211:258 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 2 42 theme kDa 391:393 arg1 m.w. 380:383 m.w. ca. 7 kDa 380:393 m.w. ca. 7 kDa 380:393 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 42 theme kDa 391:393 arg1 HFBI 374:377 HFBI 374:377 HFBI 374:377 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 11 43 theme hydrophobins 1674:1685 arg1 adsorption 1656:1665 adsorption 1656:1665 adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1656:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 25466456 2 44 theme kDa 433:435 arg1 m.w. 421:424 m.w. ca. 10 kDa 421:435 m.w. ca. 10 kDa 421:435 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 44 theme kDa 433:435 arg1 FpHYD5 413:418 FpHYD5 413:418 FpHYD5 413:418 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 3 45 theme hydrophobins 477:488 arg1 spectra 458:464 Far UV CD spectra 448:464 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins 448:488 Far UV CD spectra of the two hydrophobins were very similar, suggesting overall structural similarity, but showed a noticeable difference according to the concentration. 25466456 5 46 theme bulk 727:730 arg1 concentration 732:744 the bulk concentration 723:744 the bulk concentration 723:744 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 2 47 theme 7 389:389 arg1 kDa 391:393 kDa 391:393 kDa 391:393 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 0 48 theme sliding 54:60 arg1 contact 62:68 a soft sliding contact 47:68 a soft sliding contact 47:68 Hydrophobins as aqueous lubricant additive for a soft sliding contact. 25466456 2 49 dep non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 m.w. 380:383 m.w. ca. 7 kDa 380:393 m.w. ca. 7 kDa 380:393 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 49 dep non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 m.w. 421:424 m.w. ca. 10 kDa 421:435 m.w. ca. 10 kDa 421:435 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 49 dep non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 FpHYD5 413:418 FpHYD5 413:418 FpHYD5 413:418 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 2 49 dep non-glycosylated 356:371 arg1 HFBI 374:377 HFBI 374:377 HFBI 374:377 The two hydrophobins are featured as non-glycosylated (HFBI, m.w. ca. 7 kDa) vs glycosylated (FpHYD5, m.w. ca. 10 kDa) proteins. 25466456 8 50 theme self-healing 1314:1325 arg1 mechanism 1328:1336 'self-healing' mechanism 1313:1336 'self-healing' mechanism 1313:1336 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 5 51 from difference 709:718 arg1 concentration 732:744 the bulk concentration 723:744 the bulk concentration 723:744 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 5 52 theme PDMS 792:795 arg1 surface 797:803 PDMS surface 792:803 PDMS surface 792:803 Despite 10-fold difference in the bulk concentration, the adsorbed masses of the hydrophobins onto PDMS surface obtained from the two solutions (0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL) were nearly identical, suggesting that a monolayer of the hydrophobins are formed from 0.1 mg/mL solution. 25466456 4 53 theme multimers 669:677 arg1 formation 656:664 the formation 652:664 the formation of multimers at 1.0 mg/mL 652:690 This is proposed to be related to the formation of multimers at 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 54 dep nonpolar 174:181 arg1 compliant 184:192 compliant 184:192 compliant 184:192 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 4 55 from mg/mL 686:690 arg1 formation 656:664 the formation 652:664 the formation of multimers at 1.0 mg/mL 652:690 This is proposed to be related to the formation of multimers at 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 8 56 theme Higher 1146:1151 arg1 solution 1167:1174 Higher concentration solution 1146:1174 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) 1146:1186 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 8 56 theme Higher 1146:1151 arg1 mg/mL 1181:1185 1.0 mg/mL 1177:1185 1.0 mg/mL 1177:1185 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 10 57 theme similar 1593:1599 arg1 weight 1611:1616 a similar molecular weight 1591:1616 a similar molecular weight 1591:1616 Two type II hydrophobins function more favorably compared to a synthetic amphiphilic copolymer, PEO-PPO-PEO, with a similar molecular weight. 25466456 1 58 dep self-mated 211:220 arg1 PDMS 246:249 PDMS 246:249 PDMS 246:249 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 58 dep self-mated 211:220 arg1 poly 222:225 poly 222:225 poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) 222:250 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 58 dep self-mated 211:220 arg1 dimethylsiloxane 227:242 dimethylsiloxane 227:242 dimethylsiloxane 227:242 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 9 59 theme better 1357:1362 arg1 lubrication 1364:1374 a better lubrication 1355:1374 a better lubrication than HFBI 1355:1384 FpHYD5 revealed a better lubrication than HFBI presumably due to the presence of glycans and improved hydration of the sliding interface. 25466456 1 60 theme sliding 194:200 arg1 contact 202:208 a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact 172:208 a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) 172:259 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 60 theme sliding 194:200 arg1 contact 252:258 self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact 211:258 self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact 211:258 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 6 61 from reduction 1062:1070 arg1 coefficient 1079:1089 the coefficient 1075:1089 the coefficient of friction 1075:1101 PDMS-PDMS sliding interface was effectively lubricated by the hydrophobin solutions, and showed a reduction in the coefficient of friction by as much as ca. 25466456 9 62 theme glycans 1420:1426 arg1 presence 1408:1415 the presence 1404:1415 the presence of glycans 1404:1426 FpHYD5 revealed a better lubrication than HFBI presumably due to the presence of glycans and improved hydration of the sliding interface. 25466456 0 63 theme soft 49:52 arg1 contact 62:68 a soft sliding contact 47:68 a soft sliding contact 47:68 Hydrophobins as aqueous lubricant additive for a soft sliding contact. 25466456 1 64 theme different 268:276 arg1 concentrations 278:291 two different concentrations 264:291 two different concentrations 264:291 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 64 theme different 268:276 arg1 mg/mL 298:302 0.1 mg/mL 294:302 0.1 mg/mL 294:302 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 1 64 theme different 268:276 arg1 mg/mL 312:316 1.0 mg/mL 308:316 1.0 mg/mL 308:316 Two type II fungal hydrophobins, HFBI and FpHYD5, have been studied as aqueous lubricant additive at a nonpolar, compliant sliding contact (self-mated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) contact) at two different concentrations, 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. 25466456 8 65 theme lubrication 1270:1280 arg1 characteristic 1282:1295 boundary lubrication characteristic 1261:1295 boundary lubrication characteristic 1261:1295 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 8 66 theme concentration 1153:1165 arg1 solution 1167:1174 Higher concentration solution 1146:1174 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) 1146:1186 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 8 66 theme concentration 1153:1165 arg1 mg/mL 1181:1185 1.0 mg/mL 1177:1185 1.0 mg/mL 1177:1185 Higher concentration solution (1.0 mg/mL) provided a superior lubrication, particularly in low-speed regime, where boundary lubrication characteristic is dominant via 'self-healing' mechanism. 25466456 11 67 theme hydrophobic 1690:1700 arg1 surfaces 1702:1709 hydrophobic surfaces 1690:1709 hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution 1690:1731 This is ascribed to higher amount of adsorption of the hydrophobins to hydrophobic surfaces from aqueous solution. 27796371 0 0 theme receptor 84:91 arg1 binding 93:99 receptor binding 84:99 receptor binding 84:99 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 2 1 theme glycan 476:481 arg1 receptors 483:491 glycan receptors 476:491 glycan receptors 476:491 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 5 2 theme low-binding 767:777 arg1 virus 779:783 low-binding virus 767:783 low-binding virus 767:783 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 1 3 theme human 159:163 arg1 viruses 182:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 3 4 from relationship 521:532 arg1 virulence 606:614 H3N2 virulence 601:614 H3N2 virulence 601:614 The relationship between increased glycosylation, binding changes, and reduction in H3N2 virulence is not clear. 27796371 0 5 from changes 14:20 arg1 head 38:41 the globular head 25:41 the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 25:73 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 1 6 theme H3N2 165:168 arg1 viruses 182:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 5 7 theme high 924:927 arg1 binding 937:943 high avidity binding 924:943 high avidity binding to, receptors 924:957 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 6 8 theme vast 1066:1069 arg1 majority 1071:1078 the vast majority 1062:1078 the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012 1062:1125 Among the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus, there were two structures that were bound by the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012. 27796371 7 9 theme relevant 1189:1196 arg1 binding 1198:1204 physiologically relevant binding 1173:1204 physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin 1173:1226 We suggest that these two structures support physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin and that this physiologically relevant binding has not changed since the 1968 pandemic. 27796371 8 10 theme reduced 1364:1370 arg1 severity 1372:1379 reduced severity 1364:1379 reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses 1364:1404 Therefore binding changes did not contribute to reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses. 27796371 6 11 theme few 970:972 arg1 glycans 974:980 the few glycans 966:980 the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus 966:1014 Among the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus, there were two structures that were bound by the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012. 27796371 4 12 theme viruses 738:744 arg1 virulence 709:717 virulence 709:717 virulence 709:717 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 4 12 theme viruses 738:744 arg1 binding 697:703 receptor binding 688:703 receptor binding 688:703 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 8 13 theme binding 1326:1332 arg1 changes 1334:1340 Therefore binding changes 1316:1340 Therefore binding changes 1316:1340 Therefore binding changes did not contribute to reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses. 27796371 1 14 from emergence 146:154 arg1 pandemic 197:204 the pandemic 193:204 the pandemic of 1968 193:212 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 3 15 theme increased 542:550 arg1 glycosylation 552:564 increased glycosylation 542:564 increased glycosylation 542:564 The relationship between increased glycosylation, binding changes, and reduction in H3N2 virulence is not clear. 27796371 7 16 theme relevant 1258:1265 arg1 binding 1267:1273 this physiologically relevant binding 1237:1273 this physiologically relevant binding 1237:1273 We suggest that these two structures support physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin and that this physiologically relevant binding has not changed since the 1968 pandemic. 27796371 0 17 theme virus 119:123 arg1 virulence 125:133 virus virulence 119:133 virus virulence 119:133 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 9 18 theme factors 1449:1455 arg1 virulence 1477:1485 factors enhancing influenza virulence 1449:1485 factors enhancing influenza virulence 1449:1485 This work will help direct the search for factors enhancing influenza virulence. 27796371 2 19 theme globular 374:381 arg1 head 383:386 the hemagglutinin globular head 356:386 the hemagglutinin globular head 356:386 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 1 20 theme influenza 170:178 arg1 viruses 182:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 5 21 theme wide 904:907 arg1 variety 909:915 a wide variety 902:915 a wide variety of 902:918 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 2 22 from accumulation 340:351 arg1 head 383:386 the hemagglutinin globular head 356:386 the hemagglutinin globular head 356:386 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 5 23 theme binding 810:816 arg1 counterparts 818:829 higher binding counterparts 803:829 higher binding counterparts 803:829 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 4 24 from effect 647:652 arg1 virulence 709:717 virulence 709:717 virulence 709:717 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 4 24 from effect 647:652 arg1 binding 697:703 receptor binding 688:703 receptor binding 688:703 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 1 25 theme A 180:180 arg1 viruses 182:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 human H3N2 influenza A viruses 159:188 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 5 26 theme higher 803:808 arg1 counterparts 818:829 higher binding counterparts 803:829 higher binding counterparts 803:829 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 3 27 theme binding 567:573 arg1 changes 575:581 binding changes 567:581 binding changes 567:581 The relationship between increased glycosylation, binding changes, and reduction in H3N2 virulence is not clear. 27796371 1 28 theme viruses 182:188 arg1 emergence 146:154 the emergence 142:154 the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968 142:212 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 0 29 theme Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 changes 14:20 Glycosylation changes 0:20 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 0:73 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 7 30 theme hemagglutinin 1214:1226 arg1 binding 1198:1204 physiologically relevant binding 1173:1204 physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin 1173:1226 We suggest that these two structures support physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin and that this physiologically relevant binding has not changed since the 1968 pandemic. 27796371 4 31 theme H3N2 733:736 arg1 viruses 738:744 engineered H3N2 viruses 722:744 engineered H3N2 viruses 722:744 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 2 32 theme hemagglutinin 360:372 arg1 head 383:386 the hemagglutinin globular head 356:386 the hemagglutinin globular head 356:386 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 1 33 theme moderate 267:274 arg1 severity 276:283 moderate severity 267:283 moderate severity 267:283 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 5 34 theme avidity 929:935 arg1 binding 937:943 high avidity binding 924:943 high avidity binding to, receptors 924:957 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 1 35 theme severity 276:283 arg1 strains 256:262 strains 256:262 strains of moderate severity 256:283 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 2 36 theme glycan 333:338 arg1 accumulation 340:351 glycan accumulation 333:351 glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head 333:386 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 2 37 theme receptor 407:414 arg1 binding 416:422 hemagglutinin receptor binding 393:422 hemagglutinin receptor binding 393:422 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 2 38 theme spectrum 464:471 arg1 recognition 441:451 recognition 441:451 recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors 441:491 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 4 39 theme hemagglutinin 657:669 arg1 glycosylation 671:683 hemagglutinin glycosylation 657:683 hemagglutinin glycosylation 657:683 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 5 40 theme H3N2 848:851 arg1 infection 853:861 H3N2 infection 848:861 H3N2 infection 848:861 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 8 41 theme seasonal 1384:1391 arg1 viruses 1398:1404 seasonal H3N2 viruses 1384:1404 seasonal H3N2 viruses 1384:1404 Therefore binding changes did not contribute to reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses. 27796371 2 42 theme hemagglutinin 393:405 arg1 binding 416:422 hemagglutinin receptor binding 393:422 hemagglutinin receptor binding 393:422 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 0 43 theme globular 29:36 arg1 head 38:41 the globular head 25:41 the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 25:73 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 2 44 theme broad 458:462 arg1 spectrum 464:471 a broad spectrum 456:471 a broad spectrum of glycan receptors 456:491 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 1 45 theme 1968 209:212 arg1 pandemic 197:204 the pandemic 193:204 the pandemic of 1968 193:212 Since the emergence of human H3N2 influenza A viruses in the pandemic of 1968, these viruses have become established as strains of moderate severity. 27796371 0 46 theme H3N2 46:49 arg1 hemagglutinin 61:73 H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 46:73 H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 46:73 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 2 47 theme narrower 498:505 arg1 spectrum 507:514 a narrower spectrum 496:514 a narrower spectrum 496:514 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 4 48 gly glycosylation 671:683 arg1 receptor 688:695 receptor binding 688:703 receptor binding 688:703 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 4 48 gly glycosylation 671:683 arg1 viruses 738:744 engineered H3N2 viruses 722:744 engineered H3N2 viruses 722:744 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 2 49 theme receptors 483:491 arg1 spectrum 464:471 a broad spectrum 456:471 a broad spectrum of glycan receptors 456:491 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 27796371 8 50 theme viruses 1398:1404 arg1 severity 1372:1379 reduced severity 1364:1379 reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses 1364:1404 Therefore binding changes did not contribute to reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses. 27796371 5 51 theme variety 909:915 arg1 binding 937:943 high avidity binding 924:943 high avidity binding to, receptors 924:957 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 5 51 theme variety 909:915 arg1 recognition 887:897 recognition 887:897 recognition of a wide variety of 887:918 We demonstrate that low-binding virus is as virulent as higher binding counterparts, suggesting that H3N2 infection does not require either recognition of a wide variety of, or high avidity binding to, receptors. 27796371 8 52 theme H3N2 1393:1396 arg1 viruses 1398:1404 seasonal H3N2 viruses 1384:1404 seasonal H3N2 viruses 1384:1404 Therefore binding changes did not contribute to reduced severity of seasonal H3N2 viruses. 27796371 4 53 theme engineered 722:731 arg1 viruses 738:744 engineered H3N2 viruses 722:744 engineered H3N2 viruses 722:744 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 4 54 theme receptor 688:695 arg1 binding 697:703 receptor binding 688:703 receptor binding 688:703 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 6 55 theme H3N2 1083:1086 arg1 viruses 1088:1094 H3N2 viruses 1083:1094 H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012 1083:1125 Among the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus, there were two structures that were bound by the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012. 27796371 6 56 theme viruses 1088:1094 arg1 majority 1071:1078 the vast majority 1062:1078 the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012 1062:1125 Among the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus, there were two structures that were bound by the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012. 27796371 0 57 theme hemagglutinin 61:73 arg1 head 38:41 the globular head 25:41 the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 25:73 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 9 58 theme influenza 1467:1475 arg1 virulence 1477:1485 factors enhancing influenza virulence 1449:1485 factors enhancing influenza virulence 1449:1485 This work will help direct the search for factors enhancing influenza virulence. 27796371 3 59 theme H3N2 601:604 arg1 virulence 606:614 H3N2 virulence 601:614 H3N2 virulence 601:614 The relationship between increased glycosylation, binding changes, and reduction in H3N2 virulence is not clear. 27796371 7 60 theme H3N2 1209:1212 arg1 hemagglutinin 1214:1226 H3N2 hemagglutinin 1209:1226 H3N2 hemagglutinin 1209:1226 We suggest that these two structures support physiologically relevant binding of H3N2 hemagglutinin and that this physiologically relevant binding has not changed since the 1968 pandemic. 27796371 6 61 theme low-binding 998:1008 arg1 virus 1010:1014 low-binding virus 998:1014 low-binding virus 998:1014 Among the few glycans recognized with low-binding virus, there were two structures that were bound by the vast majority of H3N2 viruses isolated between 1968 and 2012. 27796371 0 62 theme influenza 51:59 arg1 hemagglutinin 61:73 H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 46:73 H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin 46:73 Glycosylation changes in the globular head of H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin modulate receptor binding without affecting virus virulence. 27796371 9 63 theme enhancing 1457:1465 arg1 virulence 1477:1485 factors enhancing influenza virulence 1449:1485 factors enhancing influenza virulence 1449:1485 This work will help direct the search for factors enhancing influenza virulence. 27796371 4 64 theme glycosylation 671:683 arg1 effect 647:652 the effect 643:652 the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses 643:744 We evaluated the effect of hemagglutinin glycosylation on receptor binding and virulence of engineered H3N2 viruses. 27796371 2 65 from decline 288:294 arg1 virulence 299:307 virulence 299:307 virulence 299:307 A decline in virulence has been accompanied by glycan accumulation on the hemagglutinin globular head, and hemagglutinin receptor binding has changed from recognition of a broad spectrum of glycan receptors to a narrower spectrum. 25199692 0 0 theme efficient 79:87 arg1 binding 98:104 efficient FcγRIIIa binding 79:104 efficient FcγRIIIa binding 79:104 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 4 1 theme Fc 509:510 arg1 affinity 521:528 the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity 492:528 the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement 492:567 Here we identify a link between motion of the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement. 25199692 8 2 theme Allosteric 885:894 arg1 modulation 896:905 Allosteric modulation 885:905 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction 885:938 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction represents a previously undescribed role for N-glycans in biology. 25199692 8 3 theme undescribed 964:974 arg1 role 976:979 a previously undescribed role 951:979 a previously undescribed role for N-glycans in biology 951:1004 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction represents a previously undescribed role for N-glycans in biology. 25199692 5 4 theme F243 582:585 arg1 mutations 587:595 F243 mutations 582:595 F243 mutations 582:595 Fc F241 and F243 mutations decreased the N-glycan/polypeptide interaction and increased N-glycan mobility. 25199692 2 5 theme Fc 272:273 arg1 domain 275:280 the IgG1 Fc domain 263:280 the IgG1 Fc domain 263:280 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 1 6 theme Immunoglobulin 107:120 arg1 IgG1 126:129 IgG1 126:129 IgG1 126:129 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 1 6 theme Immunoglobulin 107:120 arg1 G1 122:123 Immunoglobulin G1 107:123 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies 107:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 4 7 theme FcγRIIIa 512:519 arg1 affinity 521:528 the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity 492:528 the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement 492:567 Here we identify a link between motion of the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement. 25199692 0 8 theme FcγRIIIa 89:96 arg1 binding 98:104 efficient FcγRIIIa binding 79:104 efficient FcγRIIIa binding 79:104 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 2 9 theme IgG1 267:270 arg1 domain 275:280 the IgG1 Fc domain 263:280 the IgG1 Fc domain 263:280 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 0 10 theme Restricted 0:9 arg1 motion 11:16 Restricted motion 0:16 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 0:60 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 9 11 theme Conserved 1007:1015 arg1 features 1017:1024 Conserved features 1007:1024 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction 1007:1075 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 3 12 theme Fc 361:362 arg1 complex 364:370 the FcγR:Fc complex 352:370 the FcγR:Fc complex 352:370 Structures of the FcγR:Fc complex fail to explain this because the FcγR polypeptide does not bind the N-glycan. 25199692 8 13 theme protein/protein 912:926 arg1 interaction 928:938 a protein/protein interaction 910:938 a protein/protein interaction 910:938 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction represents a previously undescribed role for N-glycans in biology. 25199692 2 14 dep unclear 325:331 arg1 why 333:335 why 333:335 why 333:335 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 2 15 gly N-glycosylation 244:258 arg1 FcγR 298:301 FcγR binding 298:309 FcγR binding 298:309 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 2 15 gly N-glycosylation 244:258 arg1 domain 275:280 the IgG1 Fc domain 263:280 the IgG1 Fc domain 263:280 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 8 16 from role 976:979 arg1 biology 998:1004 biology 998:1004 biology 998:1004 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction represents a previously undescribed role for N-glycans in biology. 25199692 5 17 theme Fc 570:571 arg1 F241 573:576 Fc F241 570:576 Fc F241 570:576 Fc F241 and F243 mutations decreased the N-glycan/polypeptide interaction and increased N-glycan mobility. 25199692 4 18 theme affinity 521:528 arg1 motion 482:487 motion 482:487 motion of the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement 482:567 Here we identify a link between motion of the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement. 25199692 8 19 theme interaction 928:938 arg1 modulation 896:905 Allosteric modulation 885:905 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction 885:938 Allosteric modulation of a protein/protein interaction represents a previously undescribed role for N-glycans in biology. 25199692 9 20 theme similar 1039:1045 arg1 interaction 1065:1075 a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction 1037:1075 a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction 1037:1075 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 3 21 theme FcγR 405:408 arg1 polypeptide 410:420 the FcγR polypeptide 401:420 the FcγR polypeptide 401:420 Structures of the FcγR:Fc complex fail to explain this because the FcγR polypeptide does not bind the N-glycan. 25199692 4 22 theme N-glycan 496:503 arg1 affinity 521:528 the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity 492:528 the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement 492:567 Here we identify a link between motion of the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement. 25199692 2 23 theme domain 275:280 arg1 N-glycosylation 244:258 N-glycosylation 244:258 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain 244:280 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 9 24 theme N-glycan/aromatic 1047:1063 arg1 interaction 1065:1075 a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction 1037:1075 a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction 1037:1075 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 4 25 theme N-glycan 548:555 arg1 requirement 557:567 the N-glycan requirement 544:567 the N-glycan requirement 544:567 Here we identify a link between motion of the N-glycan and Fc:FcγRIIIa affinity that explains the N-glycan requirement. 25199692 0 26 theme immunoglobulin 35:48 arg1 N-glycan 53:60 the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 21:60 the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 21:60 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 9 27 located found 1087:1091 arg1 IgA 1123:1125 IgA 1123:1125 IgA 1123:1125 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 9 27 located found 1087:1091 arg1 IgE 1101:1103 IgE 1101:1103 IgE 1101:1103 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 9 27 located found 1087:1091 arg1 IgM 1110:1112 IgM 1110:1112 IgM 1110:1112 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 9 27 located found 1087:1091 arg1 IgD 1096:1098 IgD 1096:1098 IgD 1096:1098 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 9 27 located found 1087:1091 arg2 features 1017:1024 Conserved features 1007:1024 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction 1007:1075 Conserved features suggesting a similar N-glycan/aromatic interaction were also found in IgD, IgE, and IgM, but not IgA. 25199692 5 28 theme N-glycan 658:665 arg1 mobility 667:674 N-glycan mobility 658:674 N-glycan mobility 658:674 Fc F241 and F243 mutations decreased the N-glycan/polypeptide interaction and increased N-glycan mobility. 25199692 0 29 theme conserved 25:33 arg1 N-glycan 53:60 the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 21:60 the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 21:60 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 1 30 with interactions 190:201 arg1 receptors 226:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors 208:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR) 208:241 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 1 30 with interactions 190:201 arg1 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 1 31 theme low-affinity 208:219 arg1 receptors 226:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors 208:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR) 208:241 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 1 31 theme low-affinity 208:219 arg1 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 3 32 theme FcγR 356:359 arg1 complex 364:370 the FcγR:Fc complex 352:370 the FcγR:Fc complex 352:370 Structures of the FcγR:Fc complex fail to explain this because the FcγR polypeptide does not bind the N-glycan. 25199692 6 33 theme mutants 700:706 arg1 affinity 681:688 The affinity 677:688 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa 677:719 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa was directly proportional to the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82). 25199692 6 33 theme mutants 700:706 arg1 proportional 734:745 proportional 734:745 proportional 734:745 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa was directly proportional to the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82). 25199692 1 34 theme G1 122:123 arg1 therapies 138:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies 107:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies 107:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 0 35 theme G1 50:51 arg1 N-glycan 53:60 the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 21:60 the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 21:60 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 6 36 theme Fc 697:698 arg1 mutants 700:706 the Fc mutants 693:706 the Fc mutants 693:706 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa was directly proportional to the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82). 25199692 7 37 theme K246F 810:814 arg1 mutation 816:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation 798:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation 798:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation stabilized the N-glycan and enhanced affinity for FcγRIIIa. 25199692 5 38 theme N-glycan/polypeptide 611:630 arg1 interaction 632:642 the N-glycan/polypeptide interaction 607:642 the N-glycan/polypeptide interaction 607:642 Fc F241 and F243 mutations decreased the N-glycan/polypeptide interaction and increased N-glycan mobility. 25199692 1 39 theme Fc 221:222 arg1 receptors 226:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors 208:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR) 208:241 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 1 39 theme Fc 221:222 arg1 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 6 40 theme restriction 771:781 arg1 degree 754:759 the degree 750:759 the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82) 750:795 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa was directly proportional to the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82). 25199692 2 41 theme FcγR 298:301 arg1 binding 303:309 FcγR binding 298:309 FcγR binding 298:309 N-glycosylation of the IgG1 Fc domain is required for FcγR binding, though it is unclear why. 25199692 7 42 theme IgG1 802:805 arg1 mutation 816:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation 798:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation 798:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation stabilized the N-glycan and enhanced affinity for FcγRIIIa. 25199692 1 43 theme γ 224:224 arg1 receptors 226:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors 208:234 low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR) 208:241 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 1 43 theme γ 224:224 arg1 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 FcγR 237:240 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 6 44 theme glycan 764:769 arg1 R 784:784 R(2) = 0.82 784:794 R(2) = 0.82 784:794 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa was directly proportional to the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82). 25199692 6 44 theme glycan 764:769 arg1 restriction 771:781 glycan restriction 764:781 glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82) 764:795 The affinity of the Fc mutants for FcγRIIIa was directly proportional to the degree of glycan restriction (R(2) = 0.82). 25199692 1 45 theme -based 131:136 arg1 therapies 138:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies 107:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies 107:146 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-based therapies are widespread, and many function through interactions with low-affinity Fc γ receptors (FcγR). 25199692 7 46 theme Fc 807:808 arg1 mutation 816:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation 798:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation 798:823 The IgG1 Fc K246F mutation stabilized the N-glycan and enhanced affinity for FcγRIIIa. 25199692 0 47 theme N-glycan 53:60 arg1 motion 11:16 Restricted motion 0:16 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan 0:60 Restricted motion of the conserved immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan is essential for efficient FcγRIIIa binding. 25199692 3 48 theme complex 364:370 arg1 Structures 338:347 Structures 338:347 Structures of the FcγR:Fc complex 338:370 Structures of the FcγR:Fc complex fail to explain this because the FcγR polypeptide does not bind the N-glycan. 25300189 5 0 with action 1004:1009 arg1 endo-xylanase 1016:1028 endo-xylanase 1016:1028 endo-xylanase 1016:1028 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 2 1 theme β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase 353:405 arg1 superfamily 407:417 a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily 351:417 a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily 351:417 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 1 theme β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase 353:405 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 0 2 theme synergistic 103:113 arg1 action 115:120 synergistic action 103:120 synergistic action with endo-xylanase 103:139 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 7 3 theme great 1331:1335 arg1 application 1347:1357 a great potential application 1329:1357 a great potential application for hemicellulose saccharification 1329:1392 The increases observed were 6.3% and 13.8%, respectively, showing a great potential application for hemicellulose saccharification. 25300189 2 4 theme conserved 301:309 arg1 endoglucanase 427:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 4 theme conserved 301:309 arg1 domains 311:317 the conserved domains 297:317 the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase 297:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 4 theme conserved 301:309 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 4 5 theme transglycosylation 721:738 arg1 activity 740:747 transglycosylation activity 721:747 transglycosylation activity 721:747 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 25300189 6 6 with treatment 1226:1234 arg1 endo-xylanases 1241:1254 endo-xylanases 1241:1254 endo-xylanases alone 1241:1260 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 5 7 dep increased 867:875 arg1 rPcXyl5 859:865 rPcXyl5 859:865 rPcXyl5 859:865 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 1 8 theme predicted 144:152 arg1 gene 168:171 A predicted endoglucanase gene 142:171 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) 142:179 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) was cloned from Phanerochaete chysosporium, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25300189 1 8 theme predicted 144:152 arg1 PcGH5 174:178 PcGH5 174:178 PcGH5 174:178 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) was cloned from Phanerochaete chysosporium, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25300189 4 9 dep showed 629:634 arg1 only 640:643 only 640:643 only 640:643 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 25300189 5 10 theme xylan 930:934 arg1 release 892:898 sugar release 886:898 sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan 886:952 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 2 11 theme recombinant 442:452 arg1 PcGH5 454:458 recombinant PcGH5 442:458 recombinant PcGH5 442:458 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 0 12 from chrysosporium 48:60 arg1 PcGH5 23:27 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 0:27 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0:60 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 12 from chrysosporium 48:60 arg1 β-xylosidase 67:78 a β-xylosidase 65:78 a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase 65:139 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 4 13 theme hydrolysis 662:671 arg1 catalysis 645:653 catalysis 645:653 catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose 645:699 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 25300189 5 14 theme beechwood 920:928 arg1 xylan 930:934 beechwood xylan 920:934 beechwood xylan 920:934 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 15 theme endoglucanase 9:21 arg1 PcGH5 23:27 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 0:27 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0:60 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 15 theme endoglucanase 9:21 arg1 β-xylosidase 67:78 a β-xylosidase 65:78 a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase 65:139 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 16 with action 115:120 arg1 endo-xylanase 127:139 endo-xylanase 127:139 endo-xylanase 127:139 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 2 17 theme cellulase 324:332 arg1 superfamily 407:417 a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily 351:417 a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily 351:417 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 17 theme cellulase 324:332 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 18 theme endoglucanase 427:439 arg1 endoglucanase 427:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 18 theme endoglucanase 427:439 arg1 domains 311:317 the conserved domains 297:317 the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase 297:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 18 theme endoglucanase 427:439 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 0 19 theme Putative 0:7 arg1 PcGH5 23:27 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 0:27 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium 0:60 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 19 theme Putative 0:7 arg1 β-xylosidase 67:78 a β-xylosidase 65:78 a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase 65:139 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 4 20 theme PcXyl5 622:627 arg1 characterization 590:605 Further characterization 582:605 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 582:627 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 25300189 6 21 theme barley 1180:1185 arg1 straw 1187:1191 pretreated barley straw 1169:1191 pretreated barley straw 1169:1191 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 4 22 theme recombinant 610:620 arg1 PcXyl5 622:627 recombinant PcXyl5 610:627 recombinant PcXyl5 610:627 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 25300189 6 23 theme pretreated 1169:1178 arg1 straw 1187:1191 pretreated barley straw 1169:1191 pretreated barley straw 1169:1191 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 2 24 theme β-xylosidase 472:483 arg1 activity 485:492 a β-xylosidase activity 470:492 a β-xylosidase activity 470:492 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 5 25 theme sugar 886:890 arg1 release 892:898 sugar release 886:898 sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan 886:952 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 5 26 theme Optimum 778:784 arg1 pH 786:787 Optimum pH 778:787 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 778:798 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 27 from xylans 93:98 arg1 action 115:120 synergistic action 103:120 synergistic action with endo-xylanase 103:139 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 6 28 from straw 1187:1191 arg1 release 1156:1162 sugar release 1150:1162 sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition 1150:1205 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 6 29 theme rPcXyl5 1067:1073 arg1 addition 1055:1062 the late addition 1046:1062 the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase 1046:1106 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 5 30 theme optimum 829:835 arg1 temperature 837:847 optimum temperature 829:847 optimum temperature 829:847 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 6 31 with reaction 1080:1087 arg1 endo-xylanase 1094:1106 endo-xylanase 1094:1106 endo-xylanase 1094:1106 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 5 32 theme birchwood 903:911 arg1 xylan 913:917 birchwood xylan 903:917 birchwood xylan 903:917 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 0 33 theme Phanerochaete 34:46 arg1 chrysosporium 48:60 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 34:60 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 34:60 Putative endoglucanase PcGH5 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a β-xylosidase that cleaves xylans in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 4 34 theme Further 582:588 arg1 characterization 590:605 Further characterization 582:605 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 582:627 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 25300189 5 35 theme xylan 913:917 arg1 release 892:898 sugar release 886:898 sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan 886:952 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 5 36 theme rPcXyl5 792:798 arg1 pH 786:787 Optimum pH 778:787 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 778:798 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 5 37 dep found 804:808 arg1 whereas 821:827 whereas 821:827 whereas 821:827 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 3 38 theme predicted 546:554 arg1 gene 556:559 the predicted gene 542:559 the predicted gene 542:559 Therefore, the predicted gene was named as PcXyl5. 25300189 3 38 theme predicted 546:554 arg1 PcXyl5 574:579 PcXyl5 574:579 PcXyl5 574:579 Therefore, the predicted gene was named as PcXyl5. 25300189 2 39 theme endoglucanase 507:519 arg1 activity 521:528 endoglucanase activity 507:528 endoglucanase activity 507:528 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 6 40 theme sugar 1150:1154 arg1 release 1156:1162 sugar release 1150:1162 sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition 1150:1205 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 5 41 from % 972:972 arg1 action 1004:1009 synergistic action 992:1009 synergistic action with endo-xylanase 992:1028 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 7 42 theme hemicellulose 1363:1375 arg1 saccharification 1377:1392 hemicellulose saccharification 1363:1392 hemicellulose saccharification 1363:1392 The increases observed were 6.3% and 13.8%, respectively, showing a great potential application for hemicellulose saccharification. 25300189 2 43 theme GH5 346:348 arg1 endoglucanase 427:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 43 theme GH5 346:348 arg1 domains 311:317 the conserved domains 297:317 the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase 297:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 43 theme GH5 346:348 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 6 44 theme late 1050:1053 arg1 addition 1055:1062 the late addition 1046:1062 the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase 1046:1106 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 5 45 theme synergistic 992:1002 arg1 action 1004:1009 synergistic action 992:1009 synergistic action with endo-xylanase 992:1028 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 2 46 theme superfamily 334:344 arg1 superfamily 407:417 a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily 351:417 a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily 351:417 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 46 theme superfamily 334:344 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 47 with similarity 281:290 arg1 endoglucanase 427:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 an endoglucanase 424:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 47 with similarity 281:290 arg1 domains 311:317 the conserved domains 297:317 the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase 297:439 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 2 47 with similarity 281:290 arg1 GH5 346:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 a cellulase superfamily GH5 322:348 Although PcGH5 showed similarity with the conserved domains of a cellulase superfamily GH5, a β-glucosidase/6-phospho-β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase superfamily, and an endoglucanase, recombinant PcGH5 exhibited a β-xylosidase activity, rather than endoglucanase activity. 25300189 6 48 theme larger 1122:1127 arg1 increase 1129:1136 a larger increase 1120:1136 a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone 1120:1260 Interestingly, the late addition of rPcXyl5 into reaction with endo-xylanase resulted in a larger increase of reducing sugar release from pretreated barley straw that addition at the start or by treatment with endo-xylanases alone. 25300189 1 49 theme Phanerochaete 197:209 arg1 chysosporium 211:222 Phanerochaete chysosporium 197:222 Phanerochaete chysosporium 197:222 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) was cloned from Phanerochaete chysosporium, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25300189 1 50 theme endoglucanase 154:166 arg1 gene 168:171 A predicted endoglucanase gene 142:171 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) 142:179 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) was cloned from Phanerochaete chysosporium, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25300189 1 50 theme endoglucanase 154:166 arg1 PcGH5 174:178 PcGH5 174:178 PcGH5 174:178 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) was cloned from Phanerochaete chysosporium, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25300189 7 51 theme potential 1337:1345 arg1 application 1347:1357 a great potential application 1329:1357 a great potential application for hemicellulose saccharification 1329:1392 The increases observed were 6.3% and 13.8%, respectively, showing a great potential application for hemicellulose saccharification. 25300189 1 52 theme Pichia 242:247 arg1 pastoris 249:256 Pichia pastoris 242:256 Pichia pastoris 242:256 A predicted endoglucanase gene (PcGH5) was cloned from Phanerochaete chysosporium, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 25300189 5 53 theme arabinoxylan 941:952 arg1 release 892:898 sugar release 886:898 sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan 886:952 Optimum pH of rPcXyl5 was found to be 5.5, whereas optimum temperature was 50°C. rPcXyl5 increased reducing sugar release of birchwood xylan, beechwood xylan, and arabinoxylan by 6.4%, 13%, 15.8%, respectively, in synergistic action with endo-xylanase. 25300189 4 54 theme xylo-oligomers 676:689 arg1 hydrolysis 662:671 the hydrolysis 658:671 the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose 658:699 Further characterization of recombinant PcXyl5 showed not only catalysis of the hydrolysis of xylo-oligomers to xylose, but also displayed transglycosylation activity using alcohol as a receptor. 24727392 6 0 from increase 872:879 arg1 assay 898:902 the Polymer-H assay 884:902 the Polymer-H assay 884:902 Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. 24727392 7 1 from variability 1081:1091 arg1 deviations 1014:1023 quality deviations 1006:1023 quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability 1006:1105 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 3 2 theme microplate 512:521 arg1 assay 523:527 a simple microplate assay 503:527 a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP 503:559 The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. 24727392 10 3 theme origin 1549:1554 arg1 SP 1536:1537 SP 1536:1537 SP of marine origin 1536:1554 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 0 4 theme fluorescence 58:69 arg1 sensor 71:76 a fluorescence sensor 56:76 a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea 56:174 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 6 5 theme Polymer-H 888:896 arg1 assay 898:902 the Polymer-H assay 884:902 the Polymer-H assay 884:902 Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. 24727392 0 6 from sanguinea 166:174 arg1 polysaccharides 124:138 the sulfated polysaccharides 111:138 the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea 111:174 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 10 7 theme SP 1536:1537 arg1 differentiation 1517:1531 differentiation 1517:1531 differentiation 1517:1531 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 10 7 theme SP 1536:1537 arg1 method 1441:1446 a simple method 1432:1446 a simple method for quantification 1432:1465 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 10 7 theme SP 1536:1537 arg1 characterization 1481:1496 characterization 1481:1496 characterization 1481:1496 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 1 8 theme manifold 253:260 arg1 activities 273:282 their manifold biological activities 247:282 their manifold biological activities 247:282 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 8 9 theme distinct 1146:1153 arg1 SP 1155:1156 structurally distinct SP 1133:1156 structurally distinct SP 1133:1156 Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. 24727392 9 10 theme identification 1312:1325 arg1 assay 1327:1331 identification assay 1312:1331 identification assay with high negative predictability 1312:1365 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 3 11 theme SP 558:559 arg1 quality 547:553 the quality 543:553 the quality of SP 543:559 The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. 24727392 1 12 theme biological 262:271 arg1 activities 273:282 their manifold biological activities 247:282 their manifold biological activities 247:282 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 5 13 theme Delesseria 773:782 arg1 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 13 theme Delesseria 773:782 arg1 sanguinea 784:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea 760:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) 760:802 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 14 theme several 808:814 arg1 polysaccharides 828:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 1 15 theme Sulfated 177:184 arg1 SP 203:204 SP 203:204 SP 203:204 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 1 15 theme Sulfated 177:184 arg1 polysaccharides 186:200 Sulfated polysaccharides 177:200 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae 177:216 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 4 16 theme fluorescence 581:592 arg1 FI 605:606 FI 605:606 FI 605:606 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 4 16 theme fluorescence 581:592 arg1 intensity 594:602 fluorescence intensity 581:602 the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP 577:655 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 6 17 theme FI 869:870 arg1 increase 872:879 Their FI increase 863:879 Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay 863:902 Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. 24727392 10 18 theme simple 1434:1439 arg1 method 1441:1446 a simple method 1432:1446 a simple method for quantification 1432:1465 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 4 19 theme Polymer-H 641:649 arg1 increase 609:616 the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase 577:616 the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP 577:655 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 9 20 theme high 1338:1341 arg1 predictability 1352:1365 high negative predictability 1338:1365 high negative predictability 1338:1365 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 10 21 theme marine 1542:1547 arg1 origin 1549:1554 marine origin 1542:1554 marine origin 1542:1554 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 0 22 theme Simple 0:5 arg1 control 25:31 Simple and rapid quality control 0:31 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 0:175 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 9 23 theme negative 1343:1350 arg1 predictability 1352:1365 high negative predictability 1338:1365 high negative predictability 1338:1365 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 7 24 theme batch-to-batch 1066:1079 arg1 variability 1081:1091 batch-to-batch variability 1066:1091 batch-to-batch variability 1066:1091 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 9 25 theme corresponding 1230:1242 arg1 compounds 1254:1262 corresponding reference compounds 1230:1262 corresponding reference compounds 1230:1262 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 0 26 theme quality 17:23 arg1 control 25:31 Simple and rapid quality control 0:31 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 0:175 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 10 27 dep characterization 1481:1496 arg1 identification 1498:1511 identification 1498:1511 identification 1498:1511 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 5 28 theme alga 768:771 arg1 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 28 theme alga 768:771 arg1 sanguinea 784:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea 760:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) 760:802 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 3 29 theme study 481:485 arg1 aim 469:471 The aim 465:471 The aim of this study 465:485 The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. 24727392 2 30 theme challenging 452:462 arg1 control 444:450 the quality control challenging 432:462 the quality control challenging 432:462 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 7 31 theme reference 1034:1042 arg1 D.s.-SP 1044:1050 the reference D.s.-SP 1030:1050 the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability 1030:1105 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 0 32 theme sulfated 115:122 arg1 polysaccharides 124:138 the sulfated polysaccharides 111:138 the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea 111:174 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 2 33 theme commercial 298:307 arg1 application 330:340 commercial (especially medical) application 298:340 commercial (especially medical) application 298:340 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 2 34 theme quality 436:442 arg1 control 444:450 the quality control challenging 432:462 the quality control challenging 432:462 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 3 35 theme simple 505:510 arg1 assay 523:527 a simple microplate assay 503:527 a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP 503:559 The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. 24727392 0 36 theme red 145:147 arg1 sanguinea 166:174 red algae Delesseria sanguinea 145:174 red algae Delesseria sanguinea 145:174 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 5 37 theme other 816:820 arg1 polysaccharides 828:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 4 38 theme molecule 632:639 arg1 Polymer-H 641:649 the sensor molecule Polymer-H 621:649 the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP 621:655 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 5 39 theme red 764:766 arg1 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 39 theme red 764:766 arg1 sanguinea 784:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea 760:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) 760:802 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 6 40 theme analytical 928:937 arg1 parameters 939:948 other analytical parameters 922:948 other analytical parameters 922:948 Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. 24727392 7 41 from D.s.-SP 1044:1050 arg1 deviations 1014:1023 quality deviations 1006:1023 quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability 1006:1105 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 9 42 theme reference 1244:1252 arg1 compounds 1254:1262 corresponding reference compounds 1230:1262 corresponding reference compounds 1230:1262 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 8 43 theme concentration-dependent 1184:1206 arg1 profiles 1211:1218 their concentration-dependent FI profiles 1178:1218 their concentration-dependent FI profiles 1178:1218 Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. 24727392 1 44 from algae 212:216 arg1 SP 203:204 SP 203:204 SP 203:204 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 1 44 from algae 212:216 arg1 polysaccharides 186:200 Sulfated polysaccharides 177:200 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae 177:216 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 4 45 theme sensor 625:630 arg1 Polymer-H 641:649 the sensor molecule Polymer-H 621:649 the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP 621:655 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 0 46 theme glycans 45:51 arg1 control 25:31 Simple and rapid quality control 0:31 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 0:175 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 6 47 theme other 922:926 arg1 parameters 939:948 other analytical parameters 922:948 other analytical parameters 922:948 Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. 24727392 0 48 theme Delesseria 155:164 arg1 sanguinea 166:174 red algae Delesseria sanguinea 145:174 red algae Delesseria sanguinea 145:174 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 2 49 theme considerable 350:361 arg1 variability 363:373 considerable variability 350:373 considerable variability 350:373 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 0 50 theme sulfated 36:43 arg1 glycans 45:51 sulfated glycans 36:51 sulfated glycans 36:51 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 0 51 theme algae 149:153 arg1 sanguinea 166:174 red algae Delesseria sanguinea 145:174 red algae Delesseria sanguinea 145:174 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 8 52 theme FI 1208:1209 arg1 profiles 1211:1218 their concentration-dependent FI profiles 1178:1218 their concentration-dependent FI profiles 1178:1218 Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. 24727392 2 53 dep commercial 298:307 arg1 medical 321:327 medical 321:327 medical 321:327 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 7 54 theme quality 1006:1012 arg1 deviations 1014:1023 quality deviations 1006:1023 quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability 1006:1105 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 5 55 attach isolated 746:753 arg2 batches 738:744 65 SP batches 732:744 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides 732:842 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 55 attach isolated 746:753 arg1 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 D.s.-SP 795:801 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 55 attach isolated 746:753 arg1 sanguinea 784:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea 760:792 the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) 760:802 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 55 attach isolated 746:753 arg1 polysaccharides 828:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 4 56 theme SP 715:716 arg1 quantification 697:710 direct quantification 690:710 direct quantification of SP 690:716 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 7 57 theme D.s.-SP 990:996 arg1 sample 998:1003 a D.s.-SP sample 988:1003 a D.s.-SP sample 988:1003 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 9 58 theme Polymer-H 1269:1277 arg1 applicable 1298:1307 applicable 1298:1307 applicable 1298:1307 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 9 58 theme Polymer-H 1269:1277 arg1 assay 1279:1283 the Polymer-H assay 1265:1283 the Polymer-H assay 1265:1283 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 7 59 theme sample 998:1003 arg1 concentration 971:983 just one concentration 962:983 just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample 962:1003 By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. 24727392 10 60 theme Polymer-H 1387:1395 arg1 assay 1397:1401 the Polymer-H assay 1383:1401 the Polymer-H assay 1383:1401 In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin. 24727392 1 61 theme great 225:229 arg1 interest 231:238 great interest 225:238 great interest 225:238 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 5 62 theme SP 735:736 arg1 batches 738:744 65 SP batches 732:744 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides 732:842 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 5 63 theme algae 822:826 arg1 polysaccharides 828:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 several other algae polysaccharides 808:842 Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. 24727392 2 64 theme chemical 387:394 arg1 composition 396:406 complex chemical composition 379:406 complex chemical composition 379:406 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 9 65 with assay 1327:1331 arg1 predictability 1352:1365 high negative predictability 1338:1365 high negative predictability 1338:1365 By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. 24727392 1 66 theme interest 231:238 arg1 due 240:242 due 240:242 due 240:242 Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. 24727392 4 67 theme intensity 594:602 arg1 increase 609:616 the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase 577:616 the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP 577:655 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24727392 0 68 theme rapid 11:15 arg1 control 25:31 Simple and rapid quality control 0:31 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 0:175 Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. 24727392 2 69 theme complex 379:385 arg1 composition 396:406 complex chemical composition 379:406 complex chemical composition 379:406 Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. 24727392 4 70 theme direct 690:695 arg1 quantification 697:710 direct quantification 690:710 direct quantification of SP 690:716 It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. 24943676 4 0 theme processing 948:957 arg1 assembly 874:881 assembly 874:881 assembly 874:881 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 0 theme processing 948:957 arg1 secretion 863:871 secretion 863:871 secretion 863:871 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 0 theme processing 948:957 arg1 formation 982:990 biofilm formation 974:990 biofilm formation 974:990 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 0 theme processing 948:957 arg1 glycosylation 887:899 glycosylation 887:899 glycosylation 887:899 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 8 1 theme requirement 1605:1615 arg1 functionality 1575:1587 the functionality 1571:1587 the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins 1571:1736 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 4 2 theme PorK 801:804 arg1 TF2327 793:798 TF2327 793:798 TF2327 (PorK ortholog) 793:814 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 2 theme PorK 801:804 arg1 ortholog 806:813 PorK ortholog 801:813 PorK ortholog 801:813 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 8 3 theme CTD 1620:1622 arg1 T9SS 1592:1595 T9SS 1592:1595 T9SS 1592:1595 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 8 3 theme CTD 1620:1622 arg1 requirement 1605:1615 the requirement 1601:1615 the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins 1601:1736 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 1 4 theme certain 232:238 arg1 proteins 240:247 certain proteins 232:247 certain proteins 232:247 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 4 5 theme signal 772:777 arg1 peptidase 779:787 putative C-terminal signal peptidase 752:787 putative C-terminal signal peptidase 752:787 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 5 theme signal 772:777 arg1 TF0955 744:749 TF0955 744:749 TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) 744:788 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 9 6 theme T. 1820:1821 arg1 forsythia 1823:1831 T. forsythia 1820:1831 T. forsythia 1820:1831 In addition, T9SS protein translocation is decoupled from O-glycan attachment in T. forsythia. 24943676 8 7 from proteins 1672:1679 arg1 forsythia 1687:1695 T. forsythia 1684:1695 T. forsythia 1684:1695 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 8 8 theme membrane 1638:1645 arg1 passage 1647:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 6 9 mod modified 1290:1297 arg1 proteins 1276:1283 the S-layer proteins 1264:1283 the S-layer proteins 1264:1283 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 6 9 mod modified 1290:1297 arg3 glycan 1325:1330 the complete, mature glycan 1304:1330 the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes 1304:1448 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 5 10 from S-layer 1093:1099 arg1 microscopy 1126:1135 transmission electron microscopy 1104:1135 transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1104:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 2 11 theme CTD 482:484 arg1 proteins 486:493 CTD proteins 482:493 CTD proteins 482:493 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 9 12 theme O-glycan 1797:1804 arg1 attachment 1806:1815 O-glycan attachment 1797:1815 O-glycan attachment 1797:1815 In addition, T9SS protein translocation is decoupled from O-glycan attachment in T. forsythia. 24943676 0 13 theme protein 112:118 arg1 O-glycosylation 120:134 protein O-glycosylation 112:134 protein O-glycosylation 112:134 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 4 14 theme proteolytic 936:946 arg1 processing 948:957 proteolytic processing 936:957 the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD 904:968 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 8 15 theme proteins 1672:1679 arg1 passage 1647:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 2 16 from T9SS 446:449 arg1 conjunction 454:464 conjunction 454:464 conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins 454:493 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 5 17 from microscopy 1126:1135 arg1 absence 1078:1084 the absence 1074:1084 the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1074:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 7 18 theme fewer 1506:1510 arg1 voids 1512:1516 fewer voids 1506:1516 fewer voids 1506:1516 Further, the T9SS mutants showed a denser biofilm with fewer voids compared with the wild-type. 24943676 1 19 theme Conserved 137:145 arg1 signal 200:205 a signal 198:205 a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes 198:290 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 19 theme Conserved 137:145 arg1 CTD 167:169 CTD 167:169 CTD 167:169 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 19 theme Conserved 137:145 arg1 domains 158:164 Conserved C-terminal domains 137:164 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) 137:170 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 5 20 theme ultrathin-sectioned 1140:1158 arg1 cells 1170:1174 ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1140:1174 ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1140:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 0 21 theme type 64:67 arg1 system 82:87 a type IX secretion system 62:87 a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation 62:134 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 1 22 theme IX 303:304 arg1 T9SS 324:327 T9SS 324:327 T9SS 324:327 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 22 theme IX 303:304 arg1 system 316:321 a type IX secretion system 296:321 a type IX secretion system (T9SS) 296:328 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 5 23 theme cells 1170:1174 arg1 microscopy 1126:1135 transmission electron microscopy 1104:1135 transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1104:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 0 24 theme secretion 72:80 arg1 system 82:87 a type IX secretion system 62:87 a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation 62:134 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 5 25 theme S-layer 1093:1099 arg1 absence 1078:1084 the absence 1074:1084 the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1074:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 4 26 gly glycosylation 887:899 arg1 processing 948:957 proteolytic processing 936:957 the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD 904:968 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 26 gly glycosylation 887:899 arg1 proteins 916:923 the S-layer proteins 904:923 the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD 904:968 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 1 27 theme proteins 240:247 arg1 translocation 215:227 the translocation 211:227 the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes 211:290 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 4 28 from functional 658:667 arg1 forsythia 675:683 T. forsythia 672:683 T. forsythia 672:683 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 2 29 theme forsythia 390:398 arg1 sequence 342:349 The genome sequence 331:349 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 331:398 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 2 30 theme pathogen 370:377 arg1 forsythia 390:398 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 354:398 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 354:398 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 5 31 from mutant 1003:1008 arg1 incapable 1030:1038 incapable 1030:1038 incapable 1030:1038 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 6 32 dep complete 1308:1315 arg1 mature 1318:1323 mature 1318:1323 mature 1318:1323 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 2 33 theme components 429:438 arg1 presence 413:420 the presence 409:420 the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins 409:493 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 0 34 theme Tannerella 24:33 arg1 forsythia 35:43 Tannerella forsythia 24:43 Tannerella forsythia 24:43 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 4 35 theme proteins 916:923 arg1 assembly 874:881 assembly 874:881 assembly 874:881 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 35 theme proteins 916:923 arg1 secretion 863:871 secretion 863:871 secretion 863:871 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 35 theme proteins 916:923 arg1 formation 982:990 biofilm formation 974:990 biofilm formation 974:990 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 35 theme proteins 916:923 arg1 glycosylation 887:899 glycosylation 887:899 glycosylation 887:899 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 36 theme putative 752:759 arg1 peptidase 779:787 putative C-terminal signal peptidase 752:787 putative C-terminal signal peptidase 752:787 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 36 theme putative 752:759 arg1 TF0955 744:749 TF0955 744:749 TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) 744:788 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 6 37 theme complete 1308:1315 arg1 glycan 1325:1330 the complete, mature glycan 1304:1330 the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes 1304:1448 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 5 38 theme translocation 1043:1055 arg1 incapable 1030:1038 incapable 1030:1038 incapable 1030:1038 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 4 39 theme biofilm 974:980 arg1 formation 982:990 biofilm formation 974:990 biofilm formation 974:990 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 3 40 theme CTD 603:605 arg1 proteins 607:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins 586:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 586:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 40 theme CTD 603:605 arg1 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 40 theme CTD 603:605 arg1 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 6 41 theme protein 1380:1386 arg1 translocation 1388:1400 protein translocation 1380:1400 protein translocation 1380:1400 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 6 41 theme protein 1380:1386 arg1 processes 1440:1448 two independent processes 1424:1448 two independent processes 1424:1448 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 6 41 theme protein 1380:1386 arg1 glycosylation 1406:1418 glycosylation 1406:1418 glycosylation 1406:1418 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 5 42 theme electron 1117:1124 arg1 microscopy 1126:1135 transmission electron microscopy 1104:1135 transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1104:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 6 43 located found 1332:1336 arg1 proteins 1354:1361 the secreted proteins 1341:1361 the secreted proteins 1341:1361 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 6 43 located found 1332:1336 arg2 glycan 1325:1330 the complete, mature glycan 1304:1330 the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes 1304:1448 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 3 44 gly glycosylated 590:601 arg1 proteins 607:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins 586:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 586:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 44 gly glycosylated 590:601 arg1 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 44 gly glycosylated 590:601 arg1 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 8 45 theme T9SS 1592:1595 arg1 functionality 1575:1587 the functionality 1571:1587 the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins 1571:1736 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 4 46 theme CTD 966:968 arg1 processing 948:957 proteolytic processing 936:957 the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD 904:968 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 46 theme CTD 966:968 arg1 proteins 916:923 the S-layer proteins 904:923 the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD 904:968 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 5 47 from incapable 1030:1038 arg1 mutant 1003:1008 either mutant 996:1008 either mutant 996:1008 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 3 48 dep proteins 607:614 arg1 proteins 607:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins 586:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 586:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 48 dep proteins 607:614 arg1 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 48 dep proteins 607:614 arg1 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 4 49 theme C-terminal 761:770 arg1 peptidase 779:787 putative C-terminal signal peptidase 752:787 putative C-terminal signal peptidase 752:787 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 49 theme C-terminal 761:770 arg1 TF0955 744:749 TF0955 744:749 TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) 744:788 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 1 50 theme Bacteroidetes 278:290 arg1 membrane 266:273 the outer membrane 256:273 the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes 256:290 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 6 51 theme independent 1428:1438 arg1 translocation 1388:1400 protein translocation 1380:1400 protein translocation 1380:1400 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 6 51 theme independent 1428:1438 arg1 processes 1440:1448 two independent processes 1424:1448 two independent processes 1424:1448 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 6 51 theme independent 1428:1438 arg1 glycosylation 1406:1418 glycosylation 1406:1418 glycosylation 1406:1418 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 2 52 theme proteins 486:493 arg1 suite 473:477 a suite 471:477 a suite of CTD proteins 471:493 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 5 53 from absence 1078:1084 arg1 microscopy 1126:1135 transmission electron microscopy 1104:1135 transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1104:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 3 54 theme two-dimensional 527:541 arg1 layer 568:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer 525:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 525:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 9 55 theme T9SS 1752:1755 arg1 translocation 1765:1777 T9SS protein translocation 1752:1777 T9SS protein translocation 1752:1777 In addition, T9SS protein translocation is decoupled from O-glycan attachment in T. forsythia. 24943676 8 56 from forsythia 1687:1695 arg1 passage 1647:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 8 57 theme extracellular 1658:1670 arg1 proteins 1672:1679 extracellular proteins 1658:1679 extracellular proteins in T. forsythia 1658:1695 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 3 58 theme S- 564:565 arg1 layer 568:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer 525:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 525:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 8 59 theme outer 1632:1636 arg1 passage 1647:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 the outer membrane passage 1628:1653 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 3 60 theme surface 555:561 arg1 layer 568:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer 525:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 525:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 7 61 with biofilm 1493:1499 arg1 voids 1512:1516 fewer voids 1506:1516 fewer voids 1506:1516 Further, the T9SS mutants showed a denser biofilm with fewer voids compared with the wild-type. 24943676 7 62 theme denser 1486:1491 arg1 biofilm 1493:1499 a denser biofilm 1484:1499 a denser biofilm with fewer voids 1484:1516 Further, the T9SS mutants showed a denser biofilm with fewer voids compared with the wild-type. 24943676 6 63 theme S-layer 1268:1274 arg1 proteins 1276:1283 the S-layer proteins 1264:1283 the S-layer proteins 1264:1283 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 0 64 theme IX 69:70 arg1 system 82:87 a type IX secretion system 62:87 a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation 62:134 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 1 65 theme type 298:301 arg1 T9SS 324:327 T9SS 324:327 T9SS 324:327 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 65 theme type 298:301 arg1 system 316:321 a type IX secretion system 296:321 a type IX secretion system (T9SS) 296:328 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 66 theme C-terminal 147:156 arg1 signal 200:205 a signal 198:205 a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes 198:290 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 66 theme C-terminal 147:156 arg1 CTD 167:169 CTD 167:169 CTD 167:169 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 66 theme C-terminal 147:156 arg1 domains 158:164 Conserved C-terminal domains 137:164 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) 137:170 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 5 67 theme bacterial 1160:1168 arg1 cells 1170:1174 ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1140:1174 ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1140:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 1 68 theme secretion 306:314 arg1 T9SS 324:327 T9SS 324:327 T9SS 324:327 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 1 68 theme secretion 306:314 arg1 system 316:321 a type IX secretion system 296:321 a type IX secretion system (T9SS) 296:328 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 7 69 theme T9SS 1464:1467 arg1 mutants 1469:1475 the T9SS mutants 1460:1475 the T9SS mutants 1460:1475 Further, the T9SS mutants showed a denser biofilm with fewer voids compared with the wild-type. 24943676 4 70 from forsythia 675:683 arg1 functional 658:667 functional 658:667 functional 658:667 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 4 71 theme T9SS-deficient 686:699 arg1 mutants 701:707 T9SS-deficient mutants 686:707 T9SS-deficient mutants 686:707 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 2 72 theme genome 335:340 arg1 sequence 342:349 The genome sequence 331:349 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 331:398 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 0 73 theme S-layer 4:10 arg1 proteins 12:19 The S-layer proteins 0:19 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia 0:43 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 2 74 with conjunction 454:464 arg1 suite 473:477 a suite 471:477 a suite of CTD proteins 471:493 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 6 75 theme spectrometry 1228:1239 arg1 analysis 1241:1248 mass spectrometry analysis 1223:1248 mass spectrometry analysis 1223:1248 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 8 76 theme S-layer 1721:1727 arg1 proteins 1729:1736 the two S-layer proteins 1713:1736 the two S-layer proteins 1713:1736 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 2 77 theme Tannerella 379:388 arg1 forsythia 390:398 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 354:398 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 354:398 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 2 78 theme periodontal 358:368 arg1 forsythia 390:398 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 354:398 the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia 354:398 The genome sequence of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia predicts the presence of the components for a T9SS in conjunction with a suite of CTD proteins. 24943676 0 79 theme forsythia 35:43 arg1 proteins 12:19 The S-layer proteins 0:19 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia 0:43 The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. 24943676 1 80 theme outer 260:264 arg1 membrane 266:273 the outer membrane 256:273 the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes 256:290 Conserved C-terminal domains (CTD) have been shown to act as a signal for the translocation of certain proteins across the outer membrane of Bacteroidetes via a type IX secretion system (T9SS). 24943676 6 81 dep proteins 1354:1361 arg1 indicating 1364:1373 indicating 1364:1373 indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes 1364:1448 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 4 82 theme S-layer 908:914 arg1 proteins 916:923 the S-layer proteins 904:923 the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD 904:968 To investigate, if T9SS is functional in T. forsythia, T9SS-deficient mutants were generated by targeting either TF0955 (putative C-terminal signal peptidase) or TF2327 (PorK ortholog), and the mutants were analyzed with respect to secretion, assembly and glycosylation of the S-layer proteins as well as proteolytic processing of the CTD and biofilm formation. 24943676 3 83 theme crystalline 543:553 arg1 layer 568:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer 525:572 a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 525:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 9 84 theme protein 1757:1763 arg1 translocation 1765:1777 T9SS protein translocation 1752:1777 T9SS protein translocation 1752:1777 In addition, T9SS protein translocation is decoupled from O-glycan attachment in T. forsythia. 24943676 6 85 theme mass 1223:1226 arg1 analysis 1241:1248 mass spectrometry analysis 1223:1248 mass spectrometry analysis 1223:1248 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24943676 3 86 theme glycosylated 590:601 arg1 proteins 607:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins 586:614 the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB 586:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 86 theme glycosylated 590:601 arg1 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 TfsB 625:628 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 3 86 theme glycosylated 590:601 arg1 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 TfsA 616:619 T. forsythia is covered with a two-dimensional crystalline surface (S-) layer composed of the glycosylated CTD proteins TfsA and TfsB. 24943676 8 87 from passage 1647:1653 arg1 forsythia 1687:1695 T. forsythia 1684:1695 T. forsythia 1684:1695 This study demonstrates the functionality of T9SS and the requirement of CTD for the outer membrane passage of extracellular proteins in T. forsythia, exemplified by the two S-layer proteins. 24943676 5 88 theme transmission 1104:1115 arg1 microscopy 1126:1135 transmission electron microscopy 1104:1135 transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells 1104:1174 In either mutant, TfsA and TfsB were incapable of translocation, as evidenced by the absence of the S-layer in transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin-sectioned bacterial cells. 24943676 6 89 theme secreted 1345:1352 arg1 proteins 1354:1361 the secreted proteins 1341:1361 the secreted proteins 1341:1361 Despite being entrapped within the periplasm, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the S-layer proteins were modified with the complete, mature glycan found on the secreted proteins, indicating that protein translocation and glycosylation are two independent processes. 24972166 6 0 theme TG 1035:1036 arg1 activities 1038:1047 TG activities 1035:1047 TG activities 1035:1047 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 11 1 theme improved 1754:1761 arg1 activity 1766:1773 improved TG activity 1754:1773 improved TG activity 1754:1773 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 1 2 theme glycosidic 251:260 arg1 bonds 262:266 new glycosidic bonds 247:266 new glycosidic bonds 247:266 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 7 3 theme indole 1166:1171 arg1 rings 1173:1177 the indole rings 1162:1177 the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues 1162:1206 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 4 4 theme high 804:807 arg1 HRMS 839:842 HRMS 839:842 HRMS 839:842 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 4 theme high 804:807 arg1 spectrometry 825:836 high resolution mass spectrometry 804:836 high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) 804:843 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 9 5 dep increased 1507:1515 arg1 compared 1549:1556 compared 1549:1556 compared to SpChiD 1549:1566 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate was increased for the mutants G119W and G201W compared to SpChiD. 24972166 4 6 theme mass 820:823 arg1 HRMS 839:842 HRMS 839:842 HRMS 839:842 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 6 theme mass 820:823 arg1 spectrometry 825:836 high resolution mass spectrometry 804:836 high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) 804:843 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 11 7 theme new 1694:1696 arg1 approach 1698:1705 This new approach 1689:1705 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach 1668:1705 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 6 8 theme increased 1083:1091 arg1 TG 1093:1094 increased TG 1083:1094 increased TG 1083:1094 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 4 9 theme D 624:624 arg1 variants 602:609 Four variants 597:609 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W 589:697 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 0 10 theme Serratia 124:131 arg1 proteamaculans 133:146 Serratia proteamaculans 124:146 Serratia proteamaculans 124:146 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 3 11 theme longer 550:555 arg1 duration 557:564 a longer duration 548:564 a longer duration in the catalytic site 548:586 We hypothesize that TG activity could be improved by retaining the substrate for a longer duration in the catalytic site. 24972166 1 12 theme glycosyl 210:217 arg1 GHs 231:233 GHs 231:233 GHs 231:233 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 1 12 theme glycosyl 210:217 arg1 hydrolases 219:228 glycosyl hydrolases 210:228 glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules 210:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 4 13 theme Serratia 631:638 arg1 SpChiD 656:661 SpChiD 656:661 SpChiD 656:661 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 13 theme Serratia 631:638 arg1 proteamaculans 640:653 Serratia proteamaculans 631:653 Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) 631:662 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 3 14 theme catalytic 573:581 arg1 site 583:586 the catalytic site 569:586 the catalytic site 569:586 We hypothesize that TG activity could be improved by retaining the substrate for a longer duration in the catalytic site. 24972166 5 15 theme 50ns 885:888 arg1 simulations 914:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 8 16 theme enhanced 1391:1398 arg1 activity 1403:1410 enhanced TG activity 1391:1410 enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W 1391:1432 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 4 17 from variants 602:609 arg1 SpChiD 656:661 SpChiD 656:661 SpChiD 656:661 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 17 from variants 602:609 arg1 proteamaculans 640:653 Serratia proteamaculans 631:653 Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) 631:662 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 11 18 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1676:1687 arg1 approach 1698:1705 This new approach 1689:1705 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach 1668:1705 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 0 19 theme exit 91:94 arg1 points 96:101 the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points 56:101 the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans 56:146 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 9 20 theme average 1439:1445 arg1 number 1447:1452 The average number 1435:1452 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate 1435:1501 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate was increased for the mutants G119W and G201W compared to SpChiD. 24972166 4 21 theme improved 727:734 arg1 activity 739:746 improved TG activity 727:746 improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) 727:843 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 9 22 theme DP4 1489:1491 arg1 substrate 1493:1501 the DP4 substrate 1485:1501 the DP4 substrate 1485:1501 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate was increased for the mutants G119W and G201W compared to SpChiD. 24972166 7 23 theme mutant 1137:1142 arg1 G119W 1144:1148 the mutant G119W 1133:1148 the mutant G119W 1133:1148 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 10 24 theme product 1644:1650 arg1 exit 1652:1655 product exit 1644:1655 product exit of SpChiD 1644:1665 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 1 25 theme BACKGROUND 149:158 arg1 activity 184:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 1 25 theme BACKGROUND 149:158 arg1 property 198:205 a property 196:205 a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules 196:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 2 26 theme chain 393:397 arg1 CHOS 422:425 CHOS 422:425 CHOS 422:425 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 2 26 theme chain 393:397 arg1 chitooligosaccharides 399:419 longer chain chitooligosaccharides 386:419 longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants 386:464 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 2 27 contain has 360:362 arg1 property 340:347 This special property 327:347 This special property of the GHs 327:358 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 2 27 contain has 360:362 arg2 potential 364:372 potential 364:372 potential 364:372 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 9 28 theme bonds 1466:1470 arg1 number 1447:1452 The average number 1435:1452 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate 1435:1501 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate was increased for the mutants G119W and G201W compared to SpChiD. 24972166 8 29 theme van 1294:1296 arg1 vdW 1309:1311 vdW 1309:1311 vdW 1309:1311 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 8 29 theme van 1294:1296 arg1 Waals 1302:1306 Increased van der Waals 1284:1306 Increased van der Waals (vdW) 1284:1312 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 7 30 theme MD 1115:1116 arg1 simulations 1118:1128 MD simulations 1115:1128 MD simulations of the mutant G119W 1115:1148 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 11 31 used used 1714:1717 arg2 SIGNIFICANCE 1676:1687 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1668:1687 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach 1668:1705 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 5 32 theme dynamics 900:907 arg1 simulations 914:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 7 33 theme DP4 1241:1243 arg1 movement 1245:1252 the DP4 movement 1237:1252 the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center 1237:1281 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 0 34 theme molecular 16:24 arg1 simulations 35:45 molecular dynamics simulations 16:45 molecular dynamics simulations 16:45 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 5 35 theme MD 910:911 arg1 simulations 914:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 10 36 dep CONCLUSION 1569:1578 arg1 due 1617:1619 due 1617:1619 due 1617:1619 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 10 36 dep CONCLUSION 1569:1578 arg1 increase 1584:1591 The increase 1580:1591 The increase in TG activity 1580:1606 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 7 37 theme major 1217:1221 arg1 hindrance 1223:1231 a major hindrance 1215:1231 a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center 1215:1281 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 0 38 theme entry 81:85 arg1 points 96:101 the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points 56:101 the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans 56:146 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 3 39 theme TG 487:488 arg1 activity 490:497 TG activity 487:497 TG activity 487:497 We hypothesize that TG activity could be improved by retaining the substrate for a longer duration in the catalytic site. 24972166 6 40 theme mutant 1060:1065 arg1 G201W 1067:1071 the mutant G201W 1056:1071 the mutant G201W 1056:1071 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 4 41 theme high 754:757 arg1 HPLC 794:797 HPLC 794:797 HPLC 794:797 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 41 theme high 754:757 arg1 chromatography 778:791 high performance liquid chromatography 754:791 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 754:798 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 10 42 theme TG 1596:1597 arg1 activity 1599:1606 TG activity 1596:1606 TG activity 1596:1606 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 5 43 theme interaction 949:959 arg1 energies 961:968 estimated solvated interaction energies 930:968 estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE) 930:974 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 5 43 theme interaction 949:959 arg1 SIE 971:973 SIE 971:973 SIE 971:973 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 7 44 theme Trp 1195:1197 arg1 residues 1199:1206 two adjacent Trp residues 1182:1206 two adjacent Trp residues 1182:1206 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 8 45 theme DP4 1349:1351 arg1 substrate 1353:1361 DP4 substrate 1349:1361 DP4 substrate 1349:1361 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 10 46 theme partial 1624:1630 arg1 blocking 1632:1639 partial blocking 1624:1639 partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD 1624:1665 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 10 47 from increase 1584:1591 arg1 activity 1599:1606 TG activity 1596:1606 TG activity 1596:1606 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 6 48 theme activities 1038:1047 arg1 much 1007:1010 much 1007:1010 much 1007:1010 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 2 49 theme GHs 356:358 arg1 property 340:347 This special property 327:347 This special property of the GHs 327:358 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 1 50 theme new 247:249 arg1 bonds 262:266 new glycosidic bonds 247:266 new glycosidic bonds 247:266 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 10 51 theme exit 1652:1655 arg1 blocking 1632:1639 partial blocking 1624:1639 partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD 1624:1665 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 4 52 from proteamaculans 640:653 arg1 variants 602:609 Four variants 597:609 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W 589:697 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 52 from proteamaculans 640:653 arg1 D 624:624 chitinase D 614:624 chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) 614:662 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 8 53 theme mutant 1421:1426 arg1 G201W 1428:1432 the mutant G201W 1417:1432 the mutant G201W 1417:1432 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 4 54 theme resolution 809:818 arg1 HRMS 839:842 HRMS 839:842 HRMS 839:842 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 54 theme resolution 809:818 arg1 spectrometry 825:836 high resolution mass spectrometry 804:836 high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) 804:843 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 10 55 theme SpChiD 1660:1665 arg1 exit 1652:1655 product exit 1644:1655 product exit of SpChiD 1644:1665 CONCLUSION The increase in TG activity could be due to partial blocking of product exit of SpChiD. 24972166 4 56 theme chitinase 614:622 arg1 D 624:624 chitinase D 614:624 chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) 614:662 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 1 57 theme hydrolases 219:228 arg1 activity 184:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 1 57 theme hydrolases 219:228 arg1 property 198:205 a property 196:205 a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules 196:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 8 58 theme TG 1400:1401 arg1 activity 1403:1410 enhanced TG activity 1391:1410 enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W 1391:1432 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 3 59 from duration 557:564 arg1 site 583:586 the catalytic site 569:586 the catalytic site 569:586 We hypothesize that TG activity could be improved by retaining the substrate for a longer duration in the catalytic site. 24972166 2 60 theme special 332:338 arg1 property 340:347 This special property 327:347 This special property of the GHs 327:358 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 4 61 dep METHODS 589:595 arg1 variants 602:609 Four variants 597:609 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W 589:697 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 1 62 theme Transglycosylation 160:177 arg1 activity 184:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 1 62 theme Transglycosylation 160:177 arg1 property 198:205 a property 196:205 a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules 196:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 1 63 dep donor 291:295 arg1 molecules 316:324 sugar molecules 310:324 sugar molecules 310:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 7 64 theme catalytic 1266:1274 arg1 center 1276:1281 the catalytic center 1262:1281 the catalytic center 1262:1281 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 7 65 theme G119W 1144:1148 arg1 simulations 1118:1128 MD simulations 1115:1128 MD simulations of the mutant G119W 1115:1148 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 1 66 theme TG 180:181 arg1 activity 184:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity 149:191 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 1 66 theme TG 180:181 arg1 property 198:205 a property 196:205 a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules 196:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 2 67 from activity 447:454 arg1 plants 459:464 plants 459:464 plants 459:464 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 11 68 theme GENERAL 1668:1674 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1676:1687 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1668:1687 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach 1668:1705 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 0 69 theme chitinase 107:115 arg1 D 117:117 chitinase D 107:117 chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans 107:146 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 4 70 dep G119W 676:680 arg1 i.e. 664:667 i.e. 664:667 i.e. 664:667 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 7 71 theme simulations 1118:1128 arg1 trajectory 1101:1110 The trajectory 1097:1110 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W 1097:1148 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 9 72 theme hydrogen 1457:1464 arg1 bonds 1466:1470 hydrogen bonds 1457:1470 hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate 1457:1501 The average number of hydrogen bonds observed for the DP4 substrate was increased for the mutants G119W and G201W compared to SpChiD. 24972166 6 73 theme hydrolytic 1020:1029 arg1 much 1007:1010 much 1007:1010 much 1007:1010 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 6 74 dep RESULTS 977:983 arg1 lost 1002:1005 lost 1002:1005 lost 1002:1005 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 4 75 theme TG 736:737 arg1 activity 739:746 improved TG activity 727:746 improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) 727:843 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 2 76 theme longer 386:391 arg1 CHOS 422:425 CHOS 422:425 CHOS 422:425 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 2 76 theme longer 386:391 arg1 chitooligosaccharides 399:419 longer chain chitooligosaccharides 386:419 longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants 386:464 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 5 77 theme molecular 890:898 arg1 simulations 914:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations 885:924 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 2 78 theme elicitor 438:445 arg1 activity 447:454 elicitor activity 438:454 elicitor activity in plants 438:464 This special property of the GHs has potential to generate longer chain chitooligosaccharides (CHOS) that show elicitor activity in plants. 24972166 8 79 theme Increased 1284:1292 arg1 vdW 1309:1311 vdW 1309:1311 vdW 1309:1311 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 8 79 theme Increased 1284:1292 arg1 Waals 1302:1306 Increased van der Waals 1284:1306 Increased van der Waals (vdW) 1284:1312 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 8 80 with activity 1403:1410 arg1 G201W 1428:1432 the mutant G201W 1417:1432 the mutant G201W 1417:1432 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 0 81 theme dynamics 26:33 arg1 simulations 35:45 molecular dynamics simulations 16:45 molecular dynamics simulations 16:45 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 4 82 theme liquid 771:776 arg1 HPLC 794:797 HPLC 794:797 HPLC 794:797 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 82 theme liquid 771:776 arg1 chromatography 778:791 high performance liquid chromatography 754:791 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 754:798 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 8 83 theme der 1298:1300 arg1 vdW 1309:1311 vdW 1309:1311 vdW 1309:1311 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 8 83 theme der 1298:1300 arg1 Waals 1302:1306 Increased van der Waals 1284:1306 Increased van der Waals (vdW) 1284:1312 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 11 84 theme TG 1763:1764 arg1 activity 1766:1773 improved TG activity 1754:1773 improved TG activity 1754:1773 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 6 85 theme mutant 989:994 arg1 G119W 996:1000 The mutant G119W 985:1000 The mutant G119W 985:1000 RESULTS The mutant G119W lost much of both hydrolytic and TG activities, while the mutant G201W displayed increased TG. 24972166 11 86 theme longer 1786:1791 arg1 oligosaccharides 1799:1814 longer chain oligosaccharides 1786:1814 longer chain oligosaccharides 1786:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 0 87 theme chitooligosaccharide 60:79 arg1 entry 81:85 chitooligosaccharide entry 60:85 chitooligosaccharide entry 60:85 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 1 88 theme sugar 310:314 arg1 molecules 316:324 sugar molecules 310:324 sugar molecules 310:324 BACKGROUND Transglycosylation (TG) activity is a property of glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) with which new glycosidic bonds are introduced between donor and acceptor sugar molecules. 24972166 7 89 theme residues 1199:1206 arg1 rings 1173:1177 the indole rings 1162:1177 the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues 1162:1206 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 11 90 theme GHs 1745:1747 arg1 mutants 1734:1740 mutants 1734:1740 mutants of GHs 1734:1747 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 5 91 theme solvated 940:947 arg1 energies 961:968 estimated solvated interaction energies 930:968 estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE) 930:974 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 5 91 theme solvated 940:947 arg1 SIE 971:973 SIE 971:973 SIE 971:973 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 7 92 theme adjacent 1186:1193 arg1 residues 1199:1206 two adjacent Trp residues 1182:1206 two adjacent Trp residues 1182:1206 The trajectory of MD simulations of the mutant G119W showed that the indole rings of two adjacent Trp residues create a major hindrance for the DP4 movement towards the catalytic center. 24972166 5 93 theme estimated 930:938 arg1 energies 961:968 estimated solvated interaction energies 930:968 estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE) 930:974 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 5 93 theme estimated 930:938 arg1 SIE 971:973 SIE 971:973 SIE 971:973 The results were strongly supported by 50ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and estimated solvated interaction energies (SIE). 24972166 8 94 theme coulombic 1318:1326 arg1 interactions 1328:1339 coulombic interactions 1318:1339 coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 1318:1377 Increased van der Waals (vdW) and coulombic interactions between DP4 substrate and the Trp-201 resulted in enhanced TG activity with the mutant G201W. 24972166 11 95 theme chain 1793:1797 arg1 oligosaccharides 1799:1814 longer chain oligosaccharides 1786:1814 longer chain oligosaccharides 1786:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This new approach can be used for generating mutants of GHs with improved TG activity to produce longer chain oligosaccharides. 24972166 0 96 from proteamaculans 133:146 arg1 D 117:117 chitinase D 107:117 chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans 107:146 Mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the chitooligosaccharide entry and exit points for chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans. 24972166 4 97 theme performance 759:769 arg1 HPLC 794:797 HPLC 794:797 HPLC 794:797 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 24972166 4 97 theme performance 759:769 arg1 chromatography 778:791 high performance liquid chromatography 754:791 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 754:798 METHODS Four variants of chitinase D from Serratia proteamaculans (SpChiD) i.e. G119S, G119W, W120A and G201W were analyzed in detail for improved TG activity using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). 26053232 0 0 theme Comparative 81:91 arg1 Analysis 100:107 the Comparative Glycan Analysis 77:107 the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies 77:132 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 3 1 theme MS-based 340:347 arg1 methods 349:355 two MS-based methods 336:355 two MS-based methods 336:355 In the current report, two MS-based methods were compared for their ability to both identify glycans and monitor differences in the glycoprofile. 26053232 3 2 from differences 426:436 arg1 glycoprofile 445:456 glycoprofile 445:456 glycoprofile 445:456 In the current report, two MS-based methods were compared for their ability to both identify glycans and monitor differences in the glycoprofile. 26053232 1 3 theme heterogeneous 174:186 arg1 mixture 188:194 a heterogeneous mixture 172:194 a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms 172:208 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 1 3 theme heterogeneous 174:186 arg1 therapeutics 155:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 5 4 dep US 935:936 arg1 X. 962:963 X. 962:963 X. 962:963 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 4 dep US 935:936 arg1 serve 1069:1073 serve 1069:1073 could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 1063:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 4 dep US 935:936 arg1 useful 992:997 useful 992:997 useful 992:997 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 0 5 theme Glycan 93:98 arg1 Analysis 100:107 the Comparative Glycan Analysis 77:107 the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies 77:132 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 4 6 theme online 618:623 arg1 LC-F-MS/MS 632:641 LC-F-MS/MS 632:641 LC-F-MS/MS 632:641 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 4 6 theme online 618:623 arg1 MS/MS 625:629 online MS/MS 618:629 online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) 618:642 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 0 7 theme Monoclonal 112:121 arg1 Antibodies 123:132 Monoclonal Antibodies 112:132 Monoclonal Antibodies 112:132 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 2 8 theme present 304:310 arg1 composition 258:268 glycan composition 251:268 glycan composition 251:268 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 2 8 theme present 304:310 arg1 abundance 283:291 relative abundance 274:291 relative abundance 274:291 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 5 9 dep therapeutics 1037:1048 arg1 products 1050:1057 products 1050:1057 monoclonal antibody therapeutics products 1017:1057 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 10 from differences 815:825 arg1 glycoforms 844:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 11 gly glycoforms 844:853 arg1 abundance 834:842 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 2 12 theme species 296:302 arg1 present 304:310 species present 296:310 species present 296:310 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 5 13 theme automated 751:759 arg1 able 792:795 able 792:795 able 792:795 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 13 theme automated 751:759 arg1 LC-MS 761:765 an automated LC-MS label free approach 748:785 an automated LC-MS label free approach 748:785 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 14 theme foreign-sourced 942:956 arg1 mAb 958:960 foreign-sourced mAb 942:960 foreign-sourced mAb 942:960 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 15 dep LC-MS 761:765 arg1 approach 778:785 free approach 773:785 an automated LC-MS label free approach 748:785 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 15 dep LC-MS 761:765 arg1 label 767:771 label 767:771 label 767:771 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 1 16 theme glycoforms 199:208 arg1 mixture 188:194 a heterogeneous mixture 172:194 a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms 172:208 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 1 16 theme glycoforms 199:208 arg1 therapeutics 155:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 5 17 from able 792:795 arg1 study 711:715 the present study 699:715 the present study 699:715 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 4 18 theme glycan 582:587 arg1 identities 589:598 glycan identities 582:598 glycan identities 582:598 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 5 19 theme mAb 958:960 arg1 batches 924:930 the analyzed batches 911:930 the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 911:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 0 20 theme 2-AB 26:29 arg1 LC-MS/MS 44:51 Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS 14:51 Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS 14:51 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 5 21 dep glycoforms 844:853 arg1 indicate 865:872 indicate 865:872 indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 865:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 4 22 theme extracted 655:663 arg1 chromatograms 669:681 extracted ion chromatograms 655:681 extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS 655:693 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 0 23 theme Traditional 14:24 arg1 LC-MS/MS 44:51 Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS 14:51 Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS 14:51 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 0 24 theme Antibodies 123:132 arg1 Analysis 100:107 the Comparative Glycan Analysis 77:107 the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies 77:132 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 5 25 theme analyzed 915:922 arg1 batches 924:930 the analyzed batches 911:930 the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 911:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 26 theme low 830:832 arg1 glycoforms 844:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 0 27 theme LC-MS/MS 44:51 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 0:133 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 5 28 theme LC-F-MS/MS 726:735 arg1 able 792:795 able 792:795 able 792:795 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 28 theme LC-F-MS/MS 726:735 arg1 method 737:742 an LC-F-MS/MS method 723:742 an LC-F-MS/MS method 723:742 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 29 theme potential 1080:1088 arg1 method 978:983 either method 971:983 either method 971:983 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 29 theme potential 1080:1088 arg1 test 1100:1103 a potential screening test 1078:1103 a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 1078:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 30 theme monoclonal 1017:1026 arg1 therapeutics 1037:1048 monoclonal antibody therapeutics products 1017:1057 monoclonal antibody therapeutics products 1017:1057 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 2 31 dep composition 258:268 arg1 the 247:249 the 247:249 the 247:249 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 0 32 theme Fluorescence 31:42 arg1 LC-MS/MS 44:51 Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS 14:51 Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS 14:51 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 4 33 theme profiles 555:562 arg1 inspection 528:537 visual inspection 521:537 visual inspection of fluorescence profiles 521:562 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 4 34 from changes 465:471 arg1 glycoprofile 480:491 glycoprofile 480:491 glycoprofile 480:491 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 5 35 theme screening 1090:1098 arg1 method 978:983 either method 971:983 either method 971:983 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 35 theme screening 1090:1098 arg1 test 1100:1103 a potential screening test 1078:1103 a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 1078:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 2 36 theme glycan 251:256 arg1 composition 258:268 glycan composition 251:268 glycan composition 251:268 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 4 37 theme ion 665:667 arg1 chromatograms 669:681 extracted ion chromatograms 655:681 extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS 655:693 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 0 38 theme Automated 57:65 arg1 LC-MS 67:71 Automated LC-MS 57:71 Automated LC-MS 57:71 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 4 39 theme fluorescence 542:553 arg1 profiles 555:562 fluorescence profiles 542:562 fluorescence profiles 542:562 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 5 40 theme free 773:776 arg1 approach 778:785 free approach 773:785 an automated LC-MS label free approach 748:785 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 41 theme minor 809:813 arg1 differences 815:825 minor differences 809:825 minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 809:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 42 theme detecting 1172:1180 arg1 agents 1194:1199 detecting counterfeit agents 1172:1199 detecting counterfeit agents 1172:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 43 theme present 703:709 arg1 study 711:715 the present study 699:715 the present study 699:715 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 44 theme counterfeit 1182:1192 arg1 agents 1194:1199 detecting counterfeit agents 1172:1199 detecting counterfeit agents 1172:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 45 theme antibody 1028:1035 arg1 therapeutics 1037:1048 monoclonal antibody therapeutics products 1017:1057 monoclonal antibody therapeutics products 1017:1057 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 1 46 theme Monoclonal 135:144 arg1 mixture 188:194 a heterogeneous mixture 172:194 a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms 172:208 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 1 46 theme Monoclonal 135:144 arg1 therapeutics 155:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 5 47 from study 711:715 arg1 able 792:795 able 792:795 able 792:795 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 47 from study 711:715 arg1 LC-MS 761:765 an automated LC-MS label free approach 748:785 an automated LC-MS label free approach 748:785 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 5 47 from study 711:715 arg1 method 737:742 an LC-F-MS/MS method 723:742 an LC-F-MS/MS method 723:742 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 3 48 theme current 320:326 arg1 report 328:333 the current report 316:333 the current report 316:333 In the current report, two MS-based methods were compared for their ability to both identify glycans and monitor differences in the glycoprofile. 26053232 4 49 theme Gross 459:463 arg1 changes 465:471 Gross changes 459:471 Gross changes in the glycoprofile 459:491 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 5 50 from disparity 876:884 arg1 glycosylation 889:901 glycosylation 889:901 glycosylation 889:901 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 1 51 theme antibody 146:153 arg1 mixture 188:194 a heterogeneous mixture 172:194 a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms 172:208 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 1 51 theme antibody 146:153 arg1 therapeutics 155:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics 135:166 Monoclonal antibody therapeutics are a heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms. 26053232 5 52 theme US 935:936 arg1 batches 924:930 the analyzed batches 911:930 the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents 911:1199 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 2 53 theme Multiple 211:218 arg1 methods 220:226 Multiple methods 211:226 Multiple methods 211:226 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 2 54 theme relative 274:281 arg1 abundance 283:291 relative abundance 274:291 relative abundance 274:291 Multiple methods exist for defining the glycan composition and relative abundance of species present. 26053232 0 55 theme LC-MS 67:71 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 0:133 Comparison of Traditional 2-AB Fluorescence LC-MS/MS and Automated LC-MS for the Comparative Glycan Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. 26053232 4 56 theme visual 521:526 arg1 inspection 528:537 visual inspection 521:537 visual inspection of fluorescence profiles 521:562 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 26053232 5 57 theme abundance 834:842 arg1 glycoforms 844:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 low abundance glycoforms 830:853 In the present study, both an LC-F-MS/MS method and an automated LC-MS label free approach were able to identify minor differences in low abundance glycoforms, and data indicate a disparity in glycosylation between the analyzed batches of US and foreign-sourced mAb X. Thus, either method may be useful in characterizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics products and could serve as a potential screening test for understanding process, comparability, similarity, and possibly detecting counterfeit agents. 26053232 4 58 dep inspection 528:537 arg1 either 511:516 either 511:516 either 511:516 Gross changes in the glycoprofile can be identified either by visual inspection of fluorescence profiles and correlated to glycan identities when coupled with online MS/MS (LC-F-MS/MS) or through extracted ion chromatograms using LC-MS. 28636500 2 0 theme core 451:454 arg1 structure 467:475 the core 1 O-glycan structure 447:475 the core 1 O-glycan structure 447:475 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 1 from enzyme 582:587 arg1 process 596:602 the process 592:602 the process of glycosylation 592:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 4 2 theme subjects 836:843 arg1 total 791:795 a total 789:795 a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects 789:843 We enrolled 5 subjects in this meta-analysis, including a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects. 28636500 0 3 theme Nephropathy 63:73 arg1 Risk 75:78 IgA Nephropathy Risk 59:78 IgA Nephropathy Risk 59:78 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 2 4 theme key 578:580 arg1 synthase 487:494 core 1 synthase 480:494 core 1 synthase 480:494 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 4 theme key 578:580 arg1 enzyme 582:587 the key enzyme 574:587 the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation 574:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 5 theme immune 228:233 arg1 deposition 243:252 immune complex deposition 228:252 immune complex deposition 228:252 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 4 6 from subjects 747:754 arg1 meta-analysis 764:776 this meta-analysis 759:776 this meta-analysis 759:776 We enrolled 5 subjects in this meta-analysis, including a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects. 28636500 0 7 dep Meta-Analysis 90:102 arg1 Association 4:14 The Association 0:14 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk 0:78 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 1 8 theme complex 235:241 arg1 deposition 243:252 immune complex deposition 228:252 immune complex deposition 228:252 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 2 9 theme core 480:483 arg1 enzyme 582:587 the key enzyme 574:587 the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation 574:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 9 theme core 480:483 arg1 synthase 487:494 core 1 synthase 480:494 core 1 synthase 480:494 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 9 theme core 480:483 arg1 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 532:559 glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 497:561 glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 497:561 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 9 theme core 480:483 arg1 C1GALT1 564:570 C1GALT1 564:570 C1GALT1 564:570 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 10 gly glycosylated 373:384 arg1 O-glycans 386:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans 362:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation 362:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 5 11 theme allele 938:943 arg1 model 945:949 the allele model 934:949 the allele model 934:949 We performed meta-analysis on associations between rs1047763, rs1008898, and IgAN using the allele model, dominant model, recessive model, and additive model. 28636500 1 12 theme deposition 243:252 arg1 level 205:209 an elevated level 193:209 an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 193:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 2 13 theme glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 497:530 arg1 synthase 487:494 core 1 synthase 480:494 core 1 synthase 480:494 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 13 theme glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 497:530 arg1 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 532:559 glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 497:561 glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 497:561 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 14 theme glycosylation 607:619 arg1 process 596:602 the process 592:602 the process of glycosylation 592:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 3 15 dep polymorphisms 657:669 arg1 rs1008898 685:693 rs1008898 685:693 rs1008898 685:693 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 3 15 dep polymorphisms 657:669 arg1 rs1047763 671:679 rs1047763 671:679 rs1047763 671:679 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 3 15 dep polymorphisms 657:669 arg1 polymorphisms 657:669 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 639:693 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 639:704 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 2 16 theme IgA1 333:336 arg1 immunoglobulin 338:351 IgA1 immunoglobulin 333:351 IgA1 immunoglobulin 333:351 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 0 17 theme Global 83:88 arg1 Meta-Analysis 90:102 A Global Meta-Analysis 81:102 A Global Meta-Analysis 81:102 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 3 18 theme C1GALT1 698:704 arg1 rs1008898 685:693 rs1008898 685:693 rs1008898 685:693 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 3 18 theme C1GALT1 698:704 arg1 rs1047763 671:679 rs1047763 671:679 rs1047763 671:679 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 3 18 theme C1GALT1 698:704 arg1 polymorphisms 657:669 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 639:693 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 639:704 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 1 19 from area 271:274 arg1 level 205:209 an elevated level 193:209 an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 193:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 20 theme common 142:147 arg1 nephropathy 109:119 IgA nephropathy 105:119 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 105:126 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 20 theme common 142:147 arg1 glomerulonephritis 157:174 a globally common primary glomerulonephritis 131:174 a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 131:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 2 21 theme O-glycan 458:465 arg1 structure 467:475 the core 1 O-glycan structure 447:475 the core 1 O-glycan structure 447:475 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 22 theme primary 149:155 arg1 nephropathy 109:119 IgA nephropathy 105:119 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 105:126 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 22 theme primary 149:155 arg1 glomerulonephritis 157:174 a globally common primary glomerulonephritis 131:174 a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 131:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 4 23 theme patients 810:817 arg1 total 791:795 a total 789:795 a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects 789:843 We enrolled 5 subjects in this meta-analysis, including a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects. 28636500 4 24 theme control 828:834 arg1 subjects 836:843 1864 control subjects 823:843 1864 control subjects 823:843 We enrolled 5 subjects in this meta-analysis, including a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects. 28636500 0 25 theme rs1047763 19:27 arg1 Association 4:14 The Association 0:14 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk 0:78 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 5 26 theme additive 989:996 arg1 model 998:1002 additive model 989:1002 additive model 989:1002 We performed meta-analysis on associations between rs1047763, rs1008898, and IgAN using the allele model, dominant model, recessive model, and additive model. 28636500 2 27 theme deficient 396:404 arg1 O-glycans 386:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans 362:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation 362:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 28 theme mesangial 261:269 arg1 area 271:274 the mesangial area 257:274 the mesangial area 257:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 29 from deposition 243:252 arg1 area 271:274 the mesangial area 257:274 the mesangial area 257:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 2 30 with patients 293:300 arg1 IgAN 307:310 IgAN 307:310 IgAN 307:310 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 0 31 theme rs1008898 33:41 arg1 Association 4:14 The Association 0:14 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk 0:78 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 3 32 theme IgAN 727:730 arg1 risk 719:722 the risk 715:722 the risk of IgAN 715:730 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 2 33 theme glycosylated 373:384 arg1 O-glycans 386:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans 362:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation 362:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 34 theme elevated 196:203 arg1 level 205:209 an elevated level 193:209 an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 193:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 0 35 theme C1GALT1 46:52 arg1 rs1047763 19:27 rs1047763 19:27 rs1047763 19:27 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 0 35 theme C1GALT1 46:52 arg1 C1GALT1 46:52 C1GALT1 46:52 C1GALT1 46:52 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 2 36 contain contains 353:360 arg2 region 323:328 the hinge region 313:328 the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin 313:351 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 36 contain contains 353:360 arg2 O-glycans 386:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans 362:394 aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation 362:619 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 36 contain contains 353:360 arg1 serum 284:288 the serum 280:288 the serum of patients with IgAN 280:310 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 36 contain contains 353:360 arg1 region 323:328 the hinge region 313:328 the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin 313:351 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 37 from IgA 220:222 arg1 area 271:274 the mesangial area 257:274 the mesangial area 257:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 3 38 theme single-nucleotide 639:655 arg1 rs1008898 685:693 rs1008898 685:693 rs1008898 685:693 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 3 38 theme single-nucleotide 639:655 arg1 rs1047763 671:679 rs1047763 671:679 rs1047763 671:679 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 3 38 theme single-nucleotide 639:655 arg1 polymorphisms 657:669 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 639:693 single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 639:704 It is unknown if single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 increase the risk of IgAN. 28636500 4 39 theme IgAN 805:808 arg1 patients 810:817 1693 IgAN patients 800:817 1693 IgAN patients 800:817 We enrolled 5 subjects in this meta-analysis, including a total of 1693 IgAN patients and 1864 control subjects. 28636500 0 40 with Association 4:14 arg1 Risk 75:78 IgA Nephropathy Risk 59:78 IgA Nephropathy Risk 59:78 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 1 41 theme IgA 105:107 arg1 nephropathy 109:119 IgA nephropathy 105:119 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) 105:126 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 41 theme IgA 105:107 arg1 glomerulonephritis 157:174 a globally common primary glomerulonephritis 131:174 a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 131:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 41 theme IgA 105:107 arg1 IgAN 122:125 IgAN 122:125 IgAN 122:125 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 1 42 from level 205:209 arg1 area 271:274 the mesangial area 257:274 the mesangial area 257:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 5 43 theme dominant 952:959 arg1 model 961:965 dominant model 952:965 dominant model 952:965 We performed meta-analysis on associations between rs1047763, rs1008898, and IgAN using the allele model, dominant model, recessive model, and additive model. 28636500 2 44 theme patients 293:300 arg1 serum 284:288 the serum 280:288 the serum of patients with IgAN 280:310 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 0 45 theme IgA 59:61 arg1 Nephropathy 63:73 IgA Nephropathy 59:73 IgA Nephropathy Risk 59:78 The Association of rs1047763 and rs1008898 of C1GALT1 with IgA Nephropathy Risk: A Global Meta-Analysis. 28636500 2 46 theme immunoglobulin 338:351 arg1 region 323:328 the hinge region 313:328 the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin 313:351 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 47 theme serum 214:218 arg1 IgA 220:222 serum IgA 214:222 serum IgA 214:222 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 28636500 2 48 from galactose 409:417 arg1 deficient 396:404 deficient 396:404 deficient 396:404 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 5 49 theme recessive 968:976 arg1 model 978:982 recessive model 968:982 recessive model 968:982 We performed meta-analysis on associations between rs1047763, rs1008898, and IgAN using the allele model, dominant model, recessive model, and additive model. 28636500 2 50 from deficient 396:404 arg1 galactose 409:417 galactose 409:417 galactose 409:417 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 2 51 theme hinge 317:321 arg1 region 323:328 the hinge region 313:328 the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin 313:351 In the serum of patients with IgAN, the hinge region of IgA1 immunoglobulin contains aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans deficient in galactose, which is normally added to the core 1 O-glycan structure by core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1), the key enzyme in the process of glycosylation. 28636500 1 52 theme IgA 220:222 arg1 level 205:209 an elevated level 193:209 an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area 193:274 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a globally common primary glomerulonephritis characterized by an elevated level of serum IgA and immune complex deposition in the mesangial area. 26461955 7 0 theme kinetic 1274:1280 arg1 constants 1287:1295 their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants 1252:1295 constants 1287:1295 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 6 1 dep those 1052:1056 arg1 notably 1044:1050 notably 1044:1050 notably 1044:1050 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 2 2 theme endosperm-specific 325:342 arg1 promoters 344:352 optimal endosperm-specific promoters 317:352 optimal endosperm-specific promoters 317:352 High amounts of protein are naturally accumulated in the grain, but optimal endosperm-specific promoters have yet to be perfected. 26461955 4 3 theme protein 688:694 arg1 bodies 696:701 ER-derived protein bodies 677:701 ER-derived protein bodies 677:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 5 4 dep 160 884:886 arg1 to 881:882 to 881:882 to 881:882 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 0 5 from Production 11:20 arg1 Endosperm 60:68 the Barley Endosperm 49:68 the Barley Endosperm 49:68 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm. 26461955 2 6 theme optimal 317:323 arg1 promoters 344:352 optimal endosperm-specific promoters 317:352 optimal endosperm-specific promoters 317:352 High amounts of protein are naturally accumulated in the grain, but optimal endosperm-specific promoters have yet to be perfected. 26461955 6 7 with consistent 1106:1115 arg1 localization 1137:1148 their vacuolar localization 1122:1148 their vacuolar localization 1122:1148 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 7 8 theme rate 1282:1285 arg1 constants 1287:1295 their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants 1252:1295 constants 1287:1295 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 6 9 theme N-acetylglucosamine 1075:1093 arg1 residues 1095:1102 terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1066:1102 terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1066:1102 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 2 10 theme protein 265:271 arg1 protein 265:271 protein 265:271 protein 265:271 High amounts of protein are naturally accumulated in the grain, but optimal endosperm-specific promoters have yet to be perfected. 26461955 2 10 theme protein 265:271 arg1 amounts 254:260 High amounts 249:260 High amounts of protein 249:271 High amounts of protein are naturally accumulated in the grain, but optimal endosperm-specific promoters have yet to be perfected. 26461955 3 11 theme retention 503:511 arg1 SE 521:522 SE 521:522 SE 521:522 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 3 11 theme retention 503:511 arg1 signal 513:518 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal 472:518 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL 472:527 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 7 12 theme surface 1201:1207 arg1 resonance 1217:1225 surface plasmon resonance 1201:1225 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy 1201:1238 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 5 13 theme recombinant 891:901 arg1 protein 903:909 up to 160 μg recombinant protein 878:909 up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 878:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 7 14 theme purified 1175:1182 arg1 antibodies 1184:1193 protein-A purified antibodies 1165:1193 protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy 1165:1238 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 3 15 theme signal 453:458 arg1 peptide 460:466 the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide 431:466 the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide 431:466 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 7 16 theme plasmon 1209:1215 arg1 resonance 1217:1225 surface plasmon resonance 1201:1225 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy 1201:1238 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 5 17 dep protein 903:909 arg1 μg 888:889 μg 888:889 μg 888:889 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 5 18 with antibody 859:866 arg1 protein 903:909 up to 160 μg recombinant protein 878:909 up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 878:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 3 19 theme legumin 435:441 arg1 LeB4 447:450 LeB4 447:450 LeB4 447:450 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 3 19 theme legumin 435:441 arg1 B4 443:444 legumin B4 435:444 the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide 431:466 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 3 20 theme endoplasmic 476:486 arg1 ER 499:500 ER 499:500 ER 499:500 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 3 20 theme endoplasmic 476:486 arg1 reticulum 488:496 endoplasmic reticulum 476:496 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL 472:527 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 4 21 theme recombinant 595:605 arg1 GFP 616:618 GFP 616:618 GFP 616:618 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 4 21 theme recombinant 595:605 arg1 protein 607:613 recombinant protein 595:613 recombinant protein (GFP) 595:619 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 5 22 theme doubled 775:781 arg1 lines 802:806 doubled haploid transgenic lines 775:806 doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 775:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 5 23 theme farming 718:724 arg1 potential 726:734 The molecular farming potential 704:734 The molecular farming potential of the system 704:748 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 6 24 dep deposited 952:960 arg1 those 1052:1056 those 1052:1056 those 1052:1056 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 6 25 theme various 1025:1031 arg1 N-glycans 1033:1041 various N-glycans 1025:1041 various N-glycans 1025:1041 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 3 26 theme reticulum 488:496 arg1 SE 521:522 SE 521:522 SE 521:522 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 3 26 theme reticulum 488:496 arg1 signal 513:518 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal 472:518 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL 472:527 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 4 27 theme dry 581:583 arg1 weight 585:590 1.2 g/kg dry weight 572:590 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies 572:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 3 28 dep signal 513:518 arg1 KDEL 524:527 KDEL 524:527 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL 472:527 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 6 29 theme terminal 1066:1073 arg1 residues 1095:1102 terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1066:1102 terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues 1066:1102 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 3 30 theme oat 390:392 arg1 promoter 404:411 the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter 386:411 the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter 386:411 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 0 31 theme Transgenic 0:9 arg1 Production 11:20 Transgenic Production 0:20 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm 0:68 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm. 26461955 4 32 theme roundish 641:648 arg1 compartments 650:661 small roundish compartments 635:661 small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies 635:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 1 33 theme transformable 160:172 arg1 species 187:193 a readily transformable diploid crop species 150:193 a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated 150:246 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 1 33 theme transformable 160:172 arg1 it 144:145 it 144:145 it 144:145 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 4 34 theme Transgenic 530:539 arg1 grain 548:552 Transgenic barley grain 530:552 Transgenic barley grain 530:552 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 5 35 dep μg 888:889 arg1 160 884:886 160 884:886 160 884:886 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 7 36 theme antibodies 1184:1193 arg1 Inspection 1151:1160 Inspection 1151:1160 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy 1151:1238 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 7 37 theme recombinant 1338:1348 arg1 2G12 1350:1353 recombinant 2G12 1338:1353 recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells 1338:1396 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 1 38 theme diploid 174:180 arg1 species 187:193 a readily transformable diploid crop species 150:193 a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated 150:246 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 1 38 theme diploid 174:180 arg1 it 144:145 it 144:145 it 144:145 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 5 39 theme system 743:748 arg1 potential 726:734 The molecular farming potential 704:734 The molecular farming potential of the system 704:748 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 7 40 theme ovary 1386:1390 arg1 cells 1392:1396 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1370:1396 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1370:1396 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 1 41 theme attractive 84:93 arg1 vehicle 95:101 an attractive vehicle 81:101 an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein 81:135 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 1 41 theme attractive 84:93 arg1 Barley 71:76 Barley 71:76 Barley 71:76 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 7 42 theme Chinese 1370:1376 arg1 cells 1392:1396 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1370:1396 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1370:1396 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 1 43 theme crop 182:185 arg1 species 187:193 a readily transformable diploid crop species 150:193 a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated 150:246 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 1 43 theme crop 182:185 arg1 it 144:145 it 144:145 it 144:145 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 0 44 theme HIV 33:35 arg1 Antibody 37:44 an Anti HIV Antibody 25:44 an Anti HIV Antibody 25:44 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm. 26461955 5 45 theme monoclonal 848:857 arg1 antibody 859:866 the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 833:871 the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 833:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 6 46 theme N-glycans 1033:1041 arg1 mixture 1014:1020 a mixture 1012:1020 a mixture of various N-glycans 1012:1041 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 4 47 link ER-derived 677:686 arg1 bodies 696:701 ER-derived protein bodies 677:701 ER-derived protein bodies 677:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 3 48 theme GLOBULIN1 394:402 arg1 promoter 404:411 the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter 386:411 the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter 386:411 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 4 49 theme g/kg 576:579 arg1 weight 585:590 1.2 g/kg dry weight 572:590 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies 572:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 0 50 theme Anti 28:31 arg1 Antibody 37:44 an Anti HIV Antibody 25:44 an Anti HIV Antibody 25:44 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm. 26461955 5 51 theme transgenic 791:800 arg1 lines 802:806 doubled haploid transgenic lines 775:806 doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 775:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 6 52 theme bodies 990:995 arg1 periphery 969:977 the periphery 965:977 the periphery of protein bodies 965:995 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 5 53 theme molecular 708:716 arg1 potential 726:734 The molecular farming potential 704:734 The molecular farming potential of the system 704:748 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 5 54 theme anti-HIV-1 837:846 arg1 antibody 859:866 the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 833:871 the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 833:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 0 55 theme Antibody 37:44 arg1 Production 11:20 Transgenic Production 0:20 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm 0:68 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm. 26461955 6 56 theme protein 982:988 arg1 bodies 990:995 protein bodies 982:995 protein bodies 982:995 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 7 57 theme resonance 1217:1225 arg1 spectroscopy 1227:1238 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy 1201:1238 surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy 1201:1238 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 4 58 theme small 635:639 arg1 compartments 650:661 small roundish compartments 635:661 small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies 635:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 6 59 theme vacuolar 1128:1135 arg1 localization 1137:1148 their vacuolar localization 1122:1148 their vacuolar localization 1122:1148 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 5 60 theme g 915:915 arg1 grain 917:921 g grain 915:921 g grain 915:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 3 61 theme B4 443:444 arg1 peptide 460:466 the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide 431:466 the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide 431:466 Here, the oat GLOBULIN1 promoter was combined with the legumin B4 (LeB4) signal peptide and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (SE)KDEL. 26461955 4 62 theme barley 541:546 arg1 grain 548:552 Transgenic barley grain 530:552 Transgenic barley grain 530:552 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 2 63 theme High 249:252 arg1 protein 265:271 protein 265:271 protein 265:271 High amounts of protein are naturally accumulated in the grain, but optimal endosperm-specific promoters have yet to be perfected. 26461955 2 63 theme High 249:252 arg1 amounts 254:260 High amounts 249:260 High amounts of protein 249:271 High amounts of protein are naturally accumulated in the grain, but optimal endosperm-specific promoters have yet to be perfected. 26461955 4 64 theme ER-derived 677:686 arg1 bodies 696:701 ER-derived protein bodies 677:701 ER-derived protein bodies 677:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 7 65 theme hamster 1378:1384 arg1 cells 1392:1396 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1370:1396 Chinese hamster ovary cells 1370:1396 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 1 66 theme recombinant 117:127 arg1 protein 129:135 recombinant protein 117:135 recombinant protein 117:135 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 1 67 theme doubled 204:210 arg1 haploids 212:219 doubled haploids 204:219 doubled haploids 204:219 Barley is an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant protein, since it is a readily transformable diploid crop species in which doubled haploids can be routinely generated. 26461955 0 68 theme Barley 53:58 arg1 Endosperm 60:68 the Barley Endosperm 49:68 the Barley Endosperm 49:68 Transgenic Production of an Anti HIV Antibody in the Barley Endosperm. 26461955 4 69 dep weight 585:590 arg1 up 566:567 up 566:567 up 566:567 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 6 70 theme mixture 1014:1020 arg1 form 1004:1007 the form 1000:1007 the form of a mixture of various N-glycans 1000:1041 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26461955 5 71 theme haploid 783:789 arg1 lines 802:806 doubled haploid transgenic lines 775:806 doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain 775:921 The molecular farming potential of the system was tested by generating doubled haploid transgenic lines engineered to synthesize the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody 2G12 with up to 160 μg recombinant protein per g grain. 26461955 7 72 dep purified 1175:1182 arg1 protein-A 1165:1173 protein-A 1165:1173 protein-A 1165:1173 Inspection of protein-A purified antibodies using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that their equilibrium and kinetic rate constants were comparable to those associated with recombinant 2G12 synthesized in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 26461955 4 73 theme protein 607:613 arg1 weight 585:590 1.2 g/kg dry weight 572:590 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies 572:701 Transgenic barley grain accumulated up to 1.2 g/kg dry weight of recombinant protein (GFP), deposited in small roundish compartments assumed to be ER-derived protein bodies. 26461955 6 74 theme recombinant 928:938 arg1 protein 940:946 The recombinant protein 924:946 The recombinant protein 924:946 The recombinant protein was deposited at the periphery of protein bodies in the form of a mixture of various N-glycans (notably those lacking terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues), consistent with their vacuolar localization. 26558515 0 0 theme polysaccharide 78:91 arg1 fragments 36:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments 13:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues 13:124 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 3 1 theme flexible 764:771 arg1 approach 773:780 faster and more flexible approach 748:780 faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors 748:806 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 1 2 theme vaccines 253:260 arg1 classes 242:248 new classes 238:248 new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 238:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 0 3 theme capsular 69:76 arg1 polysaccharide 78:91 Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide 49:91 Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide 49:91 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 4 theme zwitterionic 354:365 arg1 motif 374:378 a zwitterionic charge motif 352:378 a zwitterionic charge motif 352:378 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 3 5 theme iterative 706:714 arg1 attachment 731:740 iterative single monomer attachment 706:740 iterative single monomer attachment 706:740 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 5 6 theme specific 979:986 arg1 antibodies 1007:1016 specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies 979:1016 specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies 979:1016 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 1 7 theme charge 367:372 arg1 motif 374:378 a zwitterionic charge motif 352:378 a zwitterionic charge motif 352:378 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 1 8 theme motif 374:378 arg1 introduction 336:347 the artificial introduction 321:347 the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 321:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 0 9 theme analogues 116:124 arg1 fragments 36:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments 13:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues 13:124 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 4 10 from effect 813:818 arg1 properties 888:897 antigenic properties 878:897 antigenic properties 878:897 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 4 11 theme modifications 834:846 arg1 effect 813:818 The effect 809:818 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties 809:897 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 1 12 theme traditional 174:184 arg1 antigens 203:210 traditional T cell-dependent antigens 174:210 traditional T cell-dependent antigens 174:210 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 0 13 theme zwitterionic 103:114 arg1 analogues 116:124 their zwitterionic analogues 97:124 their zwitterionic analogues 97:124 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 2 14 theme fragments 514:522 arg1 synthesis 457:465 new synthesis 453:465 new synthesis 453:465 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 2 14 theme fragments 514:522 arg1 evaluation 481:490 antigenic evaluation 471:490 antigenic evaluation 471:490 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 2 15 theme di-/tri-saccharide 495:512 arg1 fragments 514:522 di-/tri-saccharide fragments 495:522 di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 495:618 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 4 16 theme structural 823:832 arg1 modifications 834:846 structural modifications 823:846 structural modifications of the synthetic compounds 823:873 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 1 17 theme carbohydrate 389:400 arg1 structure 402:410 the carbohydrate structure 385:410 the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 385:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 0 18 dep polysaccharide 78:91 arg1 Vi 66:67 Vi 66:67 Vi 66:67 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 19 theme cell-dependent 188:201 arg1 antigens 203:210 traditional T cell-dependent antigens 174:210 traditional T cell-dependent antigens 174:210 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 1 20 theme used 287:290 arg1 glycoconjugates 292:306 currently used glycoconjugates 277:306 currently used glycoconjugates 277:306 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 2 21 dep synthesis 457:465 arg1 the 449:451 the 449:451 the 449:451 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 5 22 theme concentration-dependent 1023:1045 arg1 manner 1047:1052 a concentration-dependent manner 1021:1052 a concentration-dependent manner 1021:1052 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 2 23 theme new 453:455 arg1 synthesis 457:465 new synthesis 453:465 new synthesis 453:465 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 5 24 theme motif 1094:1098 arg1 introduction 1063:1074 the introduction 1059:1074 the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules 1059:1127 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 2 25 dep polysaccharide 547:560 arg1 Vi 544:545 Vi 544:545 Vi 544:545 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 0 26 theme di- 13:15 arg1 fragments 36:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments 13:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues 13:124 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 3 27 theme disaccharide 788:799 arg1 donors 801:806 disaccharide donors 788:806 disaccharide donors 788:806 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 3 28 theme chain 679:683 arg1 elongation 685:694 chain elongation 679:694 chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors 679:806 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 0 29 theme fragments 36:44 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 0:125 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 5 30 theme polyclonal 996:1005 arg1 antibodies 1007:1016 specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies 979:1016 specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies 979:1016 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 4 31 theme antigenic 878:886 arg1 properties 888:897 antigenic properties 878:897 antigenic properties 878:897 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 0 32 theme tri-saccharide 21:34 arg1 fragments 36:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments 13:44 di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues 13:124 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 33 theme pathogen 415:422 arg1 antigens 424:431 pathogen antigens 415:431 pathogen antigens 415:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 5 34 theme synthetic 1109:1117 arg1 molecules 1119:1127 the synthetic molecules 1105:1127 the synthetic molecules 1105:1127 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 0 35 theme Salmonella 49:58 arg1 typhi 60:64 Salmonella typhi 49:64 Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide 49:91 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 36 theme antigens 424:431 arg1 structure 402:410 the carbohydrate structure 385:410 the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 385:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 4 37 theme competitive 916:926 arg1 ELISA 928:932 competitive ELISA 916:932 competitive ELISA 916:932 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 5 38 theme anti-Vi 988:994 arg1 antibodies 1007:1016 specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies 979:1016 specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies 979:1016 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 2 39 theme antigenic 471:479 arg1 evaluation 481:490 antigenic evaluation 471:490 antigenic evaluation 471:490 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 40 theme artificial 325:334 arg1 introduction 336:347 the artificial introduction 321:347 the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 321:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 2 41 dep fragments 514:522 arg1 polysaccharide 547:560 polysaccharide 547:560 polysaccharide 547:560 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 2 41 dep fragments 514:522 arg1 analogues 610:618 their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 577:618 their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 577:618 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 3 42 theme monomer 723:729 arg1 attachment 731:740 iterative single monomer attachment 706:740 iterative single monomer attachment 706:740 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 1 43 theme Zwitterionic 127:138 arg1 polysaccharides 140:154 Zwitterionic polysaccharides 127:154 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) 127:160 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 1 43 theme Zwitterionic 127:138 arg1 ZPS 157:159 ZPS 157:159 ZPS 157:159 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 4 44 theme synthetic 855:863 arg1 compounds 865:873 the synthetic compounds 851:873 the synthetic compounds 851:873 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 2 45 theme zwitterionic 597:608 arg1 analogues 610:618 their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 577:618 their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 577:618 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 2 46 theme corresponding 583:595 arg1 analogues 610:618 their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 577:618 their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 577:618 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 47 dep vaccines 253:260 arg1 alternative 262:272 alternative 262:272 alternative 262:272 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 1 47 dep vaccines 253:260 arg1 based 312:316 based 312:316 based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 312:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 5 48 theme zwitterionic 1081:1092 arg1 motif 1094:1098 a zwitterionic motif 1079:1098 a zwitterionic motif 1079:1098 All the oligosaccharides were recognized by specific anti-Vi polyclonal antibodies in a concentration-dependent manner, and the introduction of a zwitterionic motif into the synthetic molecules did not prevent the binding. 26558515 2 49 theme Salmonella 527:536 arg1 typhi 538:542 Salmonella typhi 527:542 Salmonella typhi 527:542 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 1 50 theme new 238:240 arg1 classes 242:248 new classes 238:248 new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 238:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 2 51 theme typhi 538:542 arg1 fragments 514:522 di-/tri-saccharide fragments 495:522 di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues 495:618 Here we report the new synthesis and antigenic evaluation of di-/tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi polysaccharide, as well as of their corresponding zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 3 52 theme single 716:721 arg1 attachment 731:740 iterative single monomer attachment 706:740 iterative single monomer attachment 706:740 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 4 53 theme compounds 865:873 arg1 modifications 834:846 structural modifications 823:846 structural modifications of the synthetic compounds 823:873 The effect of structural modifications of the synthetic compounds on antigenic properties was evaluated by competitive ELISA. 26558515 1 54 theme classes 242:248 arg1 design 228:233 the design 224:233 the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens 224:431 Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPS) behave like traditional T cell-dependent antigens, suggesting the design of new classes of vaccines alternative to currently used glycoconjugates and based on the artificial introduction of a zwitterionic charge motif onto the carbohydrate structure of pathogen antigens. 26558515 0 55 theme typhi 60:64 arg1 polysaccharide 78:91 Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide 49:91 Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide 49:91 Synthesis of di- and tri-saccharide fragments of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide and their zwitterionic analogues. 26558515 3 56 theme faster 748:753 arg1 approach 773:780 faster and more flexible approach 748:780 faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors 748:806 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 26558515 3 57 theme versatile 646:654 arg1 intermediates 656:668 versatile intermediates 646:668 versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors 646:806 Our strategy is based on versatile intermediates enabling chain elongation either by iterative single monomer attachment or by faster and more flexible approach using disaccharide donors. 25117255 3 0 theme cell 695:698 arg1 glycans 708:714 cell surface glycans 695:714 cell surface glycans using flow cytometry 695:735 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 25117255 4 1 theme sugar-binding 846:858 arg1 ability 860:866 sugar-binding ability 846:866 sugar-binding ability 846:866 This strategy is highly sensitive, and useful to determine whether or not a putative lectin domain may have sugar-binding ability. 25117255 3 2 theme tetramer 675:682 arg1 binding 684:690 lectin tetramer binding 668:690 lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry 668:735 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 25117255 4 3 contain have 841:844 arg1 domain 830:835 a putative lectin domain 812:835 a putative lectin domain 812:835 This strategy is highly sensitive, and useful to determine whether or not a putative lectin domain may have sugar-binding ability. 25117255 4 3 contain have 841:844 arg2 ability 860:866 sugar-binding ability 846:866 sugar-binding ability 846:866 This strategy is highly sensitive, and useful to determine whether or not a putative lectin domain may have sugar-binding ability. 25117255 3 4 theme sugar 638:642 arg1 ligands 644:650 their sugar ligands 632:650 their sugar ligands 632:650 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 25117255 2 5 dep d 352:352 arg1 M 375:375 approximately 10(-4) M 354:375 K d approximately 10(-4) M 350:375 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 3 6 theme flow 722:725 arg1 cytometry 727:735 flow cytometry 722:735 flow cytometry 722:735 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 25117255 4 7 theme lectin 823:828 arg1 domain 830:835 a putative lectin domain 812:835 a putative lectin domain 812:835 This strategy is highly sensitive, and useful to determine whether or not a putative lectin domain may have sugar-binding ability. 25117255 2 8 theme molecular 391:399 arg1 recognitions 401:412 cellular and molecular recognitions 378:412 cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction 378:451 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 3 9 theme surface 700:706 arg1 glycans 708:714 cell surface glycans 695:714 cell surface glycans using flow cytometry 695:735 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 25117255 4 10 theme putative 814:821 arg1 domain 830:835 a putative lectin domain 812:835 a putative lectin domain 812:835 This strategy is highly sensitive, and useful to determine whether or not a putative lectin domain may have sugar-binding ability. 25117255 2 11 dep 10 368:369 arg1 -4 371:372 -4 371:372 -4 371:372 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 2 12 theme magnitude 493:501 arg1 orders 483:488 1-3 orders 479:488 1-3 orders of magnitude 479:501 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 2 13 theme sugar-protein 427:439 arg1 interaction 441:451 sugar-protein interaction 427:451 sugar-protein interaction 427:451 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 0 14 theme sugar-binding 19:31 arg1 ability 33:39 weak sugar-binding ability 14:39 weak sugar-binding ability 14:39 Assessment of weak sugar-binding ability using lectin tetramer and membrane-based glycans. 25117255 1 15 gly glycosylation 130:142 arg1 proteins 147:154 proteins 147:154 proteins 147:154 To consider biological significance of glycosylation of proteins, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins. 25117255 1 16 theme biological 103:112 arg1 significance 114:125 biological significance 103:125 biological significance of glycosylation of proteins 103:154 To consider biological significance of glycosylation of proteins, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins. 25117255 0 17 theme weak 14:17 arg1 ability 33:39 weak sugar-binding ability 14:39 weak sugar-binding ability 14:39 Assessment of weak sugar-binding ability using lectin tetramer and membrane-based glycans. 25117255 2 18 with weak 340:343 arg1 d 352:352 K d 350:352 K d approximately 10(-4) M 350:375 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 2 19 theme animal 315:320 arg1 lectins 322:328 animal lectins 315:328 animal lectins 315:328 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 1 20 theme sugar-recognition 203:219 arg1 processes 221:229 sugar-recognition processes 203:229 sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins 203:249 To consider biological significance of glycosylation of proteins, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins. 25117255 2 21 theme receptors 535:543 arg1 self-association 510:525 the self-association 506:525 the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces 506:578 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 1 22 theme processes 221:229 arg1 importance 189:198 the importance 185:198 the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins 185:249 To consider biological significance of glycosylation of proteins, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins. 25117255 0 23 theme ability 33:39 arg1 Assessment 0:9 Assessment 0:9 Assessment of weak sugar-binding ability using lectin tetramer and membrane-based glycans. 0:89 Assessment of weak sugar-binding ability using lectin tetramer and membrane-based glycans. 25117255 2 24 theme cellular 378:385 arg1 recognitions 401:412 cellular and molecular recognitions 378:412 cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction 378:451 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 2 25 theme K 350:350 arg1 d 352:352 K d 350:352 K d approximately 10(-4) M 350:375 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 0 26 theme lectin 47:52 arg1 tetramer 54:61 lectin tetramer 47:61 lectin tetramer 47:61 Assessment of weak sugar-binding ability using lectin tetramer and membrane-based glycans. 25117255 2 27 theme cell 566:569 arg1 surfaces 571:578 cell surfaces 566:578 cell surfaces 566:578 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 1 28 theme glycosylation 130:142 arg1 significance 114:125 biological significance 103:125 biological significance of glycosylation of proteins 103:154 To consider biological significance of glycosylation of proteins, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins. 25117255 3 29 theme lectin 668:673 arg1 binding 684:690 lectin tetramer binding 668:690 lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry 668:735 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 25117255 2 30 theme ligands 555:561 arg1 self-association 510:525 the self-association 506:525 the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces 506:578 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 1 31 theme proteins 147:154 arg1 glycosylation 130:142 glycosylation 130:142 glycosylation of proteins 130:154 To consider biological significance of glycosylation of proteins, it is necessary to evaluate the importance of sugar-recognition processes mediated by lectins. 25117255 0 32 theme membrane-based 67:80 arg1 glycans 82:88 membrane-based glycans 67:88 membrane-based glycans 67:88 Assessment of weak sugar-binding ability using lectin tetramer and membrane-based glycans. 25117255 2 33 from self-association 510:525 arg1 surfaces 571:578 cell surfaces 566:578 cell surfaces 566:578 Though the interaction between sugars and proteins, especially animal lectins, is quite weak with K d approximately 10(-4) M, cellular and molecular recognitions mediated via sugar-protein interaction increase their avidity by 1-3 orders of magnitude by the self-association of both receptors and their ligands on cell surfaces. 25117255 3 34 theme weak 595:598 arg1 interaction 600:610 the weak interaction 591:610 the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands 591:650 To assess the weak interaction between lectins and their sugar ligands, we established lectin tetramer binding to cell surface glycans using flow cytometry. 26093664 1 0 theme O-glycosylation 321:335 arg1 abnormalities 337:349 O-glycosylation abnormalities 321:349 O-glycosylation abnormalities 321:349 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 1 link O-linked 209:216 arg1 structure 225:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 4 2 theme significant 884:894 arg1 increase 905:912 A significant relative increase 882:912 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age 882:948 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age was found. 26093664 3 3 theme ApoC-III 805:812 arg1 isoforms 814:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 1 4 theme abnormalities 337:349 arg1 analysis 309:316 analysis 309:316 analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities 309:349 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 6 5 theme ApoC-III 1275:1282 arg1 status 1300:1305 ApoC-III O-glycosylation status 1275:1305 ApoC-III O-glycosylation status 1275:1305 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 3 6 theme gender- 843:849 arg1 differences 869:879 the gender- and age-dependent differences 839:879 the gender- and age-dependent differences 839:879 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 1 7 gly glycoprotein 171:182 arg1 C-III 149:153 Apolipoprotein C-III 134:153 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) 134:164 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 7 gly glycoprotein 171:182 arg1 glycoprotein 171:182 a glycoprotein 169:182 a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure 169:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 8 located present 253:259 arg2 C-III 149:153 Apolipoprotein C-III 134:153 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) 134:164 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 8 located present 253:259 arg2 ApoC-III 156:163 ApoC-III 156:163 ApoC-III 156:163 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 8 located present 253:259 arg1 serum 264:268 serum 264:268 serum 264:268 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 8 located present 253:259 arg2 glycoprotein 171:182 a glycoprotein 169:182 a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure 169:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 2 9 theme rapid 510:514 arg1 Isoelectric 352:362 Isoelectric 352:362 Isoelectric 352:362 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 9 theme rapid 510:514 arg1 method 516:521 a rather simple and rapid method 490:521 a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders 490:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 10 theme disorders 584:592 arg1 subtypes 548:555 certain subtypes 540:555 certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders 540:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 3 11 theme sialylated 794:803 arg1 isoforms 814:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 0 12 theme O-glycosylation 104:118 arg1 Disturbances 120:131 O-glycosylation Disturbances 104:131 O-glycosylation Disturbances 104:131 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 5 13 theme Prader-Willi 1100:1111 arg1 syndrome 1113:1120 Prader-Willi syndrome 1100:1120 Prader-Willi syndrome 1100:1120 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 6 14 theme sensitive 1252:1260 arg1 detection 1262:1270 a sensitive detection 1250:1270 a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status 1250:1305 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 5 15 from patients 994:1001 arg1 serum 983:987 serum 983:987 serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders 983:1035 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 2 16 theme simple 499:504 arg1 Isoelectric 352:362 Isoelectric 352:362 Isoelectric 352:362 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 16 theme simple 499:504 arg1 method 516:521 a rather simple and rapid method 490:521 a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders 490:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 6 17 theme several 1343:1349 arg1 factors 1351:1357 several factors 1343:1357 several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined 1343:1428 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 4 18 with increase 905:912 arg1 age 946:948 growing age 938:948 growing age 938:948 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age was found. 26093664 5 19 from changes 1072:1078 arg1 syndrome 1113:1120 Prader-Willi syndrome 1100:1120 Prader-Willi syndrome 1100:1120 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 5 19 from changes 1072:1078 arg1 MAN1B 1154:1158 MAN1B 1154:1158 MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) 1154:1191 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 5 19 from changes 1072:1078 arg1 diseases 1083:1090 diseases 1083:1090 diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency 1083:1202 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 5 19 from changes 1072:1078 arg1 PGM1 1123:1126 PGM1 1123:1126 PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) 1123:1149 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 2 20 theme GE 456:457 arg1 System 448:453 PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System 419:453 PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare) 419:469 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 20 theme GE 456:457 arg1 Healthcare 459:468 GE Healthcare 456:468 GE Healthcare 456:468 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 3 21 dep analysis 688:695 arg1 evaluate 830:837 evaluate 830:837 to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences 827:879 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 21 dep analysis 688:695 arg1 set 738:740 set 738:740 set 738:740 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 5 22 theme class 1161:1165 arg1 MAN1B 1154:1158 MAN1B 1154:1158 MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) 1154:1191 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 5 22 theme class 1161:1165 arg1 alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1170:1190 class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1161:1190 class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1161:1190 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 6 23 theme status 1300:1305 arg1 detection 1262:1270 a sensitive detection 1250:1270 a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status 1250:1305 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 2 24 theme inherited 560:568 arg1 disorders 584:592 inherited glycosylation disorders 560:592 inherited glycosylation disorders 560:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 25 theme Western 387:393 arg1 blot 395:398 a Western blot 385:398 a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), 385:470 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 3 26 theme individuals 723:733 arg1 individuals 723:733 170 healthy individuals 711:733 170 healthy individuals 711:733 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 26 theme individuals 723:733 arg1 group 702:706 a group 700:706 a group of 170 healthy individuals 700:733 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 5 27 theme O-glycosylation 1056:1070 arg1 changes 1072:1078 minor O-glycosylation changes 1050:1078 minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency 1050:1202 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 0 28 theme Serum 24:28 arg1 C-III 45:49 Serum Apolipoprotein C-III 24:49 Serum Apolipoprotein C-III 24:49 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 5 29 theme 1B 1167:1168 arg1 MAN1B 1154:1158 MAN1B 1154:1158 MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) 1154:1191 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 5 29 theme 1B 1167:1168 arg1 alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1170:1190 class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1161:1190 class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase 1161:1190 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 1 30 from serum 264:268 arg1 present 253:259 present 253:259 present 253:259 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 2 31 theme PhastSystem™ 419:430 arg1 System 448:453 PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System 419:453 PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare) 419:469 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 31 theme PhastSystem™ 419:430 arg1 Healthcare 459:468 GE Healthcare 456:468 GE Healthcare 456:468 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 32 theme Electrophoresis 432:446 arg1 System 448:453 PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System 419:453 PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare) 419:469 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 2 32 theme Electrophoresis 432:446 arg1 Healthcare 459:468 GE Healthcare 456:468 GE Healthcare 456:468 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 0 33 theme Disturbances 120:131 arg1 Detection 91:99 the Detection 87:99 the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances 87:131 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 4 34 theme asialo-ApoC-III 917:931 arg1 increase 905:912 A significant relative increase 882:912 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age 882:948 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age was found. 26093664 1 35 theme common 202:207 arg1 structure 225:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 0 36 theme C-III 45:49 arg1 Isoelectric 0:10 Isoelectric 0:10 Isoelectric 0:10 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 3 37 theme healthy 715:721 arg1 individuals 723:733 170 healthy individuals 711:733 170 healthy individuals 711:733 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 1 38 from present 253:259 arg1 serum 264:268 serum 264:268 serum 264:268 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 39 contain carrying 184:191 arg2 structure 225:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 39 contain carrying 184:191 arg1 C-III 149:153 Apolipoprotein C-III 134:153 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) 134:164 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 39 contain carrying 184:191 arg1 glycoprotein 171:182 a glycoprotein 169:182 a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure 169:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 6 40 theme O-glycosylation 1284:1298 arg1 status 1300:1305 ApoC-III O-glycosylation status 1275:1305 ApoC-III O-glycosylation status 1275:1305 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 1 41 theme O-linked 209:216 arg1 structure 225:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 0 42 theme Apolipoprotein 30:43 arg1 C-III 45:49 Serum Apolipoprotein C-III 24:49 Serum Apolipoprotein C-III 24:49 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 1 43 theme suitable 289:296 arg1 marker 298:303 a suitable marker 287:303 it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities 284:349 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 3 44 theme isoforms 814:821 arg1 amounts 783:789 detected relative amounts 765:789 detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 765:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 44 theme isoforms 814:821 arg1 isoforms 814:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 45 gly sialylated 794:803 arg1 isoforms 814:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 5 46 theme selected 1008:1015 arg1 disorders 1027:1035 selected metabolic disorders 1008:1035 selected metabolic disorders 1008:1035 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 1 47 theme glycan 218:223 arg1 structure 225:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 the most common O-linked glycan structure 193:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 6 48 theme exact 1394:1398 arg1 role 1400:1403 role 1400:1403 role 1400:1403 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 3 49 theme reference 746:754 arg1 range 756:760 the reference range 742:760 the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 742:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 2 50 theme glycosylation 570:582 arg1 disorders 584:592 inherited glycosylation disorders 560:592 inherited glycosylation disorders 560:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 5 51 with patients 994:1001 arg1 disorders 1027:1035 selected metabolic disorders 1008:1035 selected metabolic disorders 1008:1035 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 5 52 theme metabolic 1017:1025 arg1 disorders 1027:1035 selected metabolic disorders 1008:1035 selected metabolic disorders 1008:1035 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 6 53 dep factors 1351:1357 arg1 medication 1376:1385 medication 1376:1385 medication 1376:1385 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 6 53 dep factors 1351:1357 arg1 nutrition 1365:1373 nutrition 1365:1373 nutrition 1365:1373 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 3 54 from analysis 688:695 arg1 individuals 723:733 170 healthy individuals 711:733 170 healthy individuals 711:733 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 54 from analysis 688:695 arg1 group 702:706 a group 700:706 a group of 170 healthy individuals 700:733 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 2 55 theme certain 540:546 arg1 subtypes 548:555 certain subtypes 540:555 certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders 540:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 6 56 dep nutrition 1365:1373 arg1 i.e. 1360:1363 i.e. 1360:1363 i.e. 1360:1363 Our results show that this method allows for a sensitive detection of ApoC-III O-glycosylation status, however this might be modulated by several factors (i.e. nutrition, medication) whose exact role remains to be determined. 26093664 4 57 theme relative 896:903 arg1 increase 905:912 A significant relative increase 882:912 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age 882:948 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age was found. 26093664 1 58 theme Apolipoprotein 134:147 arg1 ApoC-III 156:163 ApoC-III 156:163 ApoC-III 156:163 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 58 theme Apolipoprotein 134:147 arg1 C-III 149:153 Apolipoprotein C-III 134:153 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) 134:164 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 58 theme Apolipoprotein 134:147 arg1 glycoprotein 171:182 a glycoprotein 169:182 a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure 169:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 3 59 theme relative 774:781 arg1 amounts 783:789 detected relative amounts 765:789 detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 765:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 59 theme relative 774:781 arg1 isoforms 814:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 2 60 theme subtypes 548:555 arg1 screening 527:535 screening 527:535 screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders 527:592 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 5 61 theme minor 1050:1054 arg1 changes 1072:1078 minor O-glycosylation changes 1050:1078 minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency 1050:1202 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 1 62 attach present 253:259 arg1 serum 264:268 serum 264:268 serum 264:268 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 62 attach present 253:259 arg2 ApoC-III 156:163 ApoC-III 156:163 ApoC-III 156:163 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 62 attach present 253:259 arg2 C-III 149:153 Apolipoprotein C-III 134:153 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) 134:164 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 1 62 attach present 253:259 arg2 glycoprotein 171:182 a glycoprotein 169:182 a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure 169:233 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 4 63 theme growing 938:944 arg1 age 946:948 growing age 938:948 growing age 938:948 A significant relative increase of asialo-ApoC-III with growing age was found. 26093664 3 64 theme amounts 783:789 arg1 range 756:760 the reference range 742:760 the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 742:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 0 65 theme Screening 66:74 arg1 Method 76:81 a Sensitive Screening Method 54:81 a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances 54:131 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 2 66 theme ApoC-III 403:410 arg1 blot 395:398 a Western blot 385:398 a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), 385:470 Isoelectric focusing followed by a Western blot of ApoC-III, using PhastSystem™ Electrophoresis System (GE Healthcare), was introduced as a rather simple and rapid method for screening of certain subtypes of inherited glycosylation disorders. 26093664 5 67 dep syndrome 1113:1120 arg1 deficiency 1193:1202 deficiency 1193:1202 deficiency 1193:1202 Secondly, we examined serum from patients with selected metabolic disorders and detected minor O-glycosylation changes in diseases such as Prader-Willi syndrome, PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) or MAN1B (class 1B alpha-1,2-mannosidase) deficiency. 26093664 0 68 theme Sensitive 56:64 arg1 Method 76:81 a Sensitive Screening Method 54:81 a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances 54:131 Isoelectric Focusing of Serum Apolipoprotein C-III as a Sensitive Screening Method for the Detection of O-glycosylation Disturbances. 26093664 1 69 dep it 284:285 arg1 marker 298:303 a suitable marker 287:303 it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities 284:349 Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) is a glycoprotein carrying the most common O-linked glycan structure and is abundantly present in serum, what renders it a suitable marker for analysis of O-glycosylation abnormalities. 26093664 3 70 dep establish 618:626 arg1 included 664:671 included 664:671 included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences 664:879 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 71 theme age-dependent 855:867 arg1 differences 869:879 the gender- and age-dependent differences 839:879 the gender- and age-dependent differences 839:879 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 72 theme detected 765:772 arg1 amounts 783:789 detected relative amounts 765:789 detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 765:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 26093664 3 72 theme detected 765:772 arg1 isoforms 814:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 sialylated ApoC-III isoforms 794:821 The study's aim was to establish this method in our laboratory, what included performing the analysis in a group of 170 healthy individuals to set the reference range of detected relative amounts of sialylated ApoC-III isoforms and to evaluate the gender- and age-dependent differences. 28940633 0 0 theme Engineered 85:94 arg1 Lectins 102:108 Engineered Human Lectins 85:108 Engineered Human Lectins 85:108 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 5 1 theme lectin 893:898 arg1 functionality 900:912 lectin functionality 893:912 lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) 893:941 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 3 2 dep assays 632:637 arg1 trans-activity 640:653 trans-activity 640:653 trans-activity 640:653 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 1 3 theme factors 244:250 arg1 impact 226:231 the impact 222:231 the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors 222:312 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 2 4 from galectin-1 358:367 arg1 di- 420:422 di- 420:422 di- to tetramers 420:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 4 5 theme ensuing 755:761 arg1 inhibition 776:785 ensuing tumor growth inhibition 755:785 ensuing tumor growth inhibition 755:785 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 4 6 theme binding 743:749 arg1 affinity 726:733 the affinity 722:733 the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition 722:785 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 3 7 theme protein 595:601 arg1 concentration 603:615 protein concentration 595:615 protein concentration 595:615 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 1 8 theme functional 256:265 arg1 pairing 267:273 functional pairing 256:273 functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors 256:312 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 0 9 theme Human 96:100 arg1 Lectins 102:108 Engineered Human Lectins 85:108 Engineered Human Lectins 85:108 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 2 10 from di- 420:422 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 10 from di- 420:422 arg1 galectin-1 358:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 10 from di- 420:422 arg1 set 375:377 a set 373:377 a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 373:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 10 from di- 420:422 arg1 cases 470:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 4 11 theme tumor 763:767 arg1 inhibition 776:785 ensuing tumor growth inhibition 755:785 ensuing tumor growth inhibition 755:785 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 3 12 theme diagnostic 531:540 arg1 platform 542:549 a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform 505:549 a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains 505:708 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 4 13 theme cell 738:741 arg1 binding 743:749 cell binding 738:749 cell binding 738:749 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 1 14 theme Chemical 163:170 arg1 tools 187:191 Chemical and biological tools 163:191 Chemical and biological tools 163:191 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 2 15 link linked 393:398 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 5 16 dep discovery 863:871 arg1 respond 943:949 respond 943:949 respond non-uniformly to a structural change 943:986 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 1 17 with lectins 284:290 arg1 counterreceptors 297:312 counterreceptors 297:312 counterreceptors 297:312 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 5 18 theme structural 970:979 arg1 change 981:986 a structural change 968:986 a structural change 968:986 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 2 19 from set 375:377 arg1 di- 420:422 di- 420:422 di- to tetramers 420:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 20 theme homodimeric 319:329 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 20 theme homodimeric 319:329 arg1 galectin-1 358:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 20 theme homodimeric 319:329 arg1 set 375:377 a set 373:377 a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 373:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 20 theme homodimeric 319:329 arg1 cases 470:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 1 21 theme biological 176:185 arg1 tools 187:191 Chemical and biological tools 163:191 Chemical and biological tools 163:191 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 4 22 theme linker 798:803 arg1 length 805:810 the linker length 794:810 the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity 794:856 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 2 23 theme homo-oligomers 400:413 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 23 theme homo-oligomers 400:413 arg1 galectin-1 358:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 23 theme homo-oligomers 400:413 arg1 set 375:377 a set 373:377 a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 373:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 23 theme homo-oligomers 400:413 arg1 cases 470:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 0 24 theme Programmable 14:25 arg1 Presentation 34:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation 12:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells 12:78 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 1 25 theme human 278:282 arg1 lectins 284:290 human lectins 278:290 human lectins with counterreceptors 278:312 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 0 26 theme Sugar 122:126 arg1 Functionality 128:140 the Sugar Functionality 118:140 the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface 118:160 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 5 27 theme synthetic 1023:1031 arg1 tools 1048:1052 synthetic and biological tools 1023:1052 synthetic and biological tools 1023:1052 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 2 28 theme proof-of-principle 446:463 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 28 theme proof-of-principle 446:463 arg1 cases 470:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 28 theme proof-of-principle 446:463 arg1 set 375:377 a set 373:377 a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 373:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 28 theme proof-of-principle 446:463 arg1 galectin-1 358:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 29 theme test 465:468 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 29 theme test 465:468 arg1 cases 470:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 29 theme test 465:468 arg1 set 375:377 a set 373:377 a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 373:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 29 theme test 465:468 arg1 galectin-1 358:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 1 30 theme lectins 284:290 arg1 pairing 267:273 functional pairing 256:273 functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors 256:312 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28940633 3 31 theme aggregation 620:630 arg1 assays 632:637 aggregation assays 620:637 aggregation assays (trans-activity) 620:654 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 5 32 theme functionality 900:912 arg1 aspects 882:888 two aspects 878:888 two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) 878:941 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 0 33 theme Presentation 34:45 arg1 Reaction 0:7 Reaction 0:7 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins 0:108 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 5 34 theme biological 1037:1046 arg1 tools 1048:1052 synthetic and biological tools 1023:1052 synthetic and biological tools 1023:1052 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 5 35 theme functionality 1092:1104 arg1 understanding 1065:1077 understanding 1065:1077 understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface 1065:1124 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 0 36 theme Glycan 27:32 arg1 Presentation 34:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation 12:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells 12:78 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 3 37 theme lectin 695:700 arg1 domains 702:708 lectin domains 695:708 lectin domains 695:708 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 0 38 theme Glycodendrimersomes 50:68 arg1 Presentation 34:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation 12:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells 12:78 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 0 39 theme Cell 149:152 arg1 Surface 154:160 the Cell Surface 145:160 the Cell Surface 145:160 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 4 40 theme inhibition 776:785 arg1 affinity 726:733 the affinity 722:733 the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition 722:785 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 5 41 theme surface 1118:1124 arg1 functionality 1092:1104 the sugar functionality 1082:1104 the sugar functionality of the cell surface 1082:1124 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 5 42 theme cell 1113:1116 arg1 surface 1118:1124 the cell surface 1109:1124 the cell surface 1109:1124 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 4 43 theme growth 769:774 arg1 inhibition 776:785 ensuing tumor growth inhibition 755:785 ensuing tumor growth inhibition 755:785 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 5 44 theme sugar 1086:1090 arg1 functionality 1092:1104 the sugar functionality 1082:1104 the sugar functionality of the cell surface 1082:1124 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 0 45 with Reaction 0:7 arg1 Lectins 102:108 Engineered Human Lectins 85:108 Engineered Human Lectins 85:108 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 3 46 theme sensitive 521:529 arg1 platform 542:549 a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform 505:549 a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains 505:708 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 0 47 theme Surface 154:160 arg1 Functionality 128:140 the Sugar Functionality 118:140 the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface 118:160 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 5 48 dep functionality 900:912 arg1 cis-activity 929:940 cis-activity 929:940 cis-activity 929:940 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 5 48 dep functionality 900:912 arg1 trans- 915:920 trans- 915:920 trans- 915:920 The discovery that two aspects of lectin functionality (trans- versus cis-activity) respond non-uniformly to a structural change underscores the power of combining synthetic and biological tools to advance understanding of the sugar functionality of the cell surface. 28940633 4 49 theme bidirectional 820:832 arg1 switch 834:839 a bidirectional switch 818:839 a bidirectional switch for cis-activity 818:856 Monitoring the affinity of cell binding and ensuing tumor growth inhibition reveal the linker length to be a bidirectional switch for cis-activity. 28940633 2 50 theme adhesion/growth-regulatory 331:356 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 50 theme adhesion/growth-regulatory 331:356 arg1 galectin-1 358:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 315:367 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 50 theme adhesion/growth-regulatory 331:356 arg1 set 375:377 a set 373:377 a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 373:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 2 50 theme adhesion/growth-regulatory 331:356 arg1 cases 470:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 proof-of-principle test cases 446:474 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 0 51 theme Cells 74:78 arg1 Presentation 34:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation 12:45 a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells 12:78 Reaction of a Programmable Glycan Presentation of Glycodendrimersomes and Cells with Engineered Human Lectins To Show the Sugar Functionality of the Cell Surface. 28940633 3 52 theme versatile 507:515 arg1 platform 542:549 a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform 505:549 a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains 505:708 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 2 53 theme linked 393:398 arg1 homo-oligomers 400:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers 382:413 covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers 382:435 The homodimeric adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 and a set of covalently linked homo-oligomers from di- to tetramers serve as proof-of-principle test cases. 28940633 3 54 theme linker 673:678 arg1 length 680:685 linker length 673:685 linker length between lectin domains 673:708 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 3 55 theme ligand 576:581 arg1 density 583:589 ligand density 576:589 ligand density 576:589 Glycodendrimersomes provide a versatile and sensitive diagnostic platform to reveal thresholds for ligand density and protein concentration in aggregation assays (trans-activity), irrespective of linker length between lectin domains. 28940633 1 56 theme spatial 236:242 arg1 factors 244:250 spatial factors 236:250 spatial factors 236:250 Chemical and biological tools are harnessed to investigate the impact of spatial factors for functional pairing of human lectins with counterreceptors. 28276098 0 0 theme N-Labeled 91:99 arg1 Acids 107:111 Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids 70:111 Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids 70:111 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 4 1 theme glycoprotein 938:949 arg1 conformation 898:909 the local conformation 888:909 the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 888:949 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 3 2 theme chemical 495:502 arg1 ligation 504:511 native chemical ligation 488:511 native chemical ligation (NCL) 488:517 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 3 2 theme chemical 495:502 arg1 NCL 514:516 NCL 514:516 NCL 514:516 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 4 3 theme homogeneous 926:936 arg1 glycoprotein 938:949 a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 914:949 a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 914:949 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 3 4 theme N 664:664 arg1 atoms 666:670 15 N atoms 661:670 15 N atoms 661:670 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 2 5 gly glycoprotein 415:426 arg1 glycoprotein 415:426 a synthetic glycoprotein 403:426 a synthetic glycoprotein 403:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 2 6 theme partial 348:354 arg1 method 370:375 a novel partial 15 N-labeling method 340:375 a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein 340:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 0 7 theme Acids 107:111 arg1 Installation 54:65 the Specific Installation 41:65 the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior 41:159 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 3 8 theme atoms 666:670 arg1 enrichment 647:656 the enrichment 643:656 the enrichment of 15 N atoms 643:670 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 1 9 gly glycoprotein 209:220 arg1 glycoprotein 209:220 glycoprotein properties 209:231 glycoprotein properties 209:231 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 1 10 from effects 178:184 arg1 changes 263:269 local conformational changes 242:269 local conformational changes 242:269 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 1 10 from effects 178:184 arg1 properties 222:231 glycoprotein properties 209:231 glycoprotein properties 209:231 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 1 10 from effects 178:184 arg1 stability 272:280 stability 272:280 stability 272:280 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 1 10 from effects 178:184 arg1 dynamics 287:294 dynamics 287:294 dynamics 287:294 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 6 11 theme local 1192:1196 arg1 conformation 1198:1209 the local conformation 1188:1209 the local conformation 1188:1209 However, T1 values suggested that the oligosaccharide influenced dynamics at the local conformation. 28276098 7 12 theme protein 1387:1393 arg1 structure 1395:1403 protein structure 1387:1403 protein structure 1387:1403 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 7 13 dep inhibit 1329:1335 arg1 stabilize 1377:1385 stabilize 1377:1385 stabilize protein structure 1377:1403 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 0 14 theme Amino 101:105 arg1 Acids 107:111 Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids 70:111 Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids 70:111 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 5 15 theme high-mannose-type 1055:1071 arg1 oligosaccharide 996:1010 an oligosaccharide 993:1010 an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type 993:1071 Results suggested that the attachment of an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type did not disturb protein conformation. 28276098 4 16 theme NOESY 825:829 arg1 methods 831:837 NOESY methods 825:837 NOESY methods 825:837 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 2 17 dep partial 348:354 arg1 15 356:357 15 356:357 15 356:357 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 7 18 theme T1 1267:1268 arg1 values 1270:1275 T1 values 1267:1275 T1 values 1267:1275 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 4 19 theme conformation 898:909 arg1 dynamics 876:883 the dynamics 872:883 the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 872:949 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 1 20 dep challenging 312:322 arg1 Elucidating 162:172 Elucidating 162:172 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics 162:294 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 6 21 theme T1 1120:1121 arg1 values 1123:1128 T1 values 1120:1128 T1 values 1120:1128 However, T1 values suggested that the oligosaccharide influenced dynamics at the local conformation. 28276098 4 22 gly glycoprotein 938:949 arg1 glycoprotein 938:949 a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 914:949 a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 914:949 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 1 23 theme oligosaccharides 189:204 arg1 effects 178:184 the effects 174:184 the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics 174:294 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 4 24 theme homonuclear 803:813 arg1 TOCSY 815:819 classic homonuclear TOCSY 795:819 classic homonuclear TOCSY 795:819 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 4 25 theme synthetic 916:924 arg1 glycoprotein 938:949 a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 914:949 a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 914:949 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 0 26 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Synthesis 9:17 Chemical Synthesis 0:17 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 0:160 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 4 27 theme classic 795:801 arg1 TOCSY 815:819 classic homonuclear TOCSY 795:819 classic homonuclear TOCSY 795:819 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 4 28 theme same 706:709 arg1 type 711:714 even the same type 697:714 even the same type of amino acid 697:728 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 1 29 theme glycoprotein 209:220 arg1 properties 222:231 glycoprotein properties 209:231 glycoprotein properties 209:231 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 0 30 theme Glycoproteins 22:34 arg1 Synthesis 9:17 Chemical Synthesis 0:17 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 0:160 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 3 31 theme N-labeled 532:540 arg1 acids 548:552 thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids 520:552 thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids 520:552 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 4 32 theme HSQC 767:770 arg1 signals 772:778 1 H-15 N HSQC signals 758:778 1 H-15 N HSQC signals 758:778 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 2 33 theme glycoprotein 415:426 arg1 backbone 391:398 the amide backbone 381:398 the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein 381:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 8 34 from effects 1471:1477 arg1 affinity 1490:1497 binding affinity 1482:1497 binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor 1482:1537 This insight into oligosaccharide behavior suggests some further effects on binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor. 28276098 5 35 theme bi-antennary 1024:1035 arg1 complex-type 1037:1048 a bi-antennary complex-type 1022:1048 a bi-antennary complex-type 1022:1048 Results suggested that the attachment of an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type did not disturb protein conformation. 28276098 3 36 theme amino 542:546 arg1 acids 548:552 thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids 520:552 thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids 520:552 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 2 37 theme synthetic 405:413 arg1 glycoprotein 415:426 a synthetic glycoprotein 403:426 a synthetic glycoprotein 403:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 8 38 gly glycoprotein 1509:1520 arg1 glycoprotein 1509:1520 a glycoprotein 1507:1520 a glycoprotein 1507:1520 This insight into oligosaccharide behavior suggests some further effects on binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor. 28276098 5 39 theme complex-type 1037:1048 arg1 oligosaccharide 996:1010 an oligosaccharide 993:1010 an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type 993:1071 Results suggested that the attachment of an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type did not disturb protein conformation. 28276098 3 40 theme specific 571:578 arg1 positions 580:588 specific positions 571:588 specific positions of the protein backbone 571:612 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 3 41 theme solid-phase 447:457 arg1 SPPS 478:481 SPPS 478:481 SPPS 478:481 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 3 41 theme solid-phase 447:457 arg1 synthesis 467:475 solid-phase peptide synthesis 447:475 solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) 447:482 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 0 42 theme Glycoprotein 139:150 arg1 Behavior 152:159 Glycoprotein Behavior 139:159 Glycoprotein Behavior 139:159 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 4 43 theme acid 725:728 arg1 type 711:714 even the same type 697:714 even the same type of amino acid 697:728 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 4 44 theme N 765:765 arg1 signals 772:778 1 H-15 N HSQC signals 758:778 1 H-15 N HSQC signals 758:778 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 3 45 theme peptide 459:465 arg1 SPPS 478:481 SPPS 478:481 SPPS 478:481 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 3 45 theme peptide 459:465 arg1 synthesis 467:475 solid-phase peptide synthesis 447:475 solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) 447:482 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 8 46 theme binding 1482:1488 arg1 affinity 1490:1497 binding affinity 1482:1497 binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor 1482:1537 This insight into oligosaccharide behavior suggests some further effects on binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor. 28276098 4 47 theme local 892:896 arg1 conformation 898:909 the local conformation 888:909 the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein 888:949 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 8 48 theme further 1463:1469 arg1 effects 1471:1477 some further effects 1458:1477 some further effects on binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor 1458:1537 This insight into oligosaccharide behavior suggests some further effects on binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor. 28276098 7 49 theme other 1364:1368 arg1 words 1370:1374 other words 1364:1374 other words 1364:1374 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 2 50 theme novel 342:346 arg1 method 370:375 a novel partial 15 N-labeling method 340:375 a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein 340:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 0 51 theme Specific 45:52 arg1 Installation 54:65 the Specific Installation 41:65 the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior 41:159 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 7 52 theme Temperature-varied 1212:1229 arg1 spectra 1255:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 5 53 theme oligosaccharide 996:1010 arg1 attachment 979:988 the attachment 975:988 the attachment of an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type 975:1071 Results suggested that the attachment of an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type did not disturb protein conformation. 28276098 4 54 theme signals 772:778 arg1 intensities 743:753 the intensities 739:753 the intensities 739:753 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 0 55 with Synthesis 9:17 arg1 Installation 54:65 the Specific Installation 41:65 the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior 41:159 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 3 56 theme native 488:493 arg1 ligation 504:511 native chemical ligation 488:511 native chemical ligation (NCL) 488:517 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 3 56 theme native 488:493 arg1 NCL 514:516 NCL 514:516 NCL 514:516 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 3 57 theme protein 597:603 arg1 backbone 605:612 the protein backbone 593:612 the protein backbone 593:612 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 1 58 dep such 234:237 arg1 as 239:240 as 239:240 as 239:240 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 7 59 theme protein 1337:1343 arg1 fluctuation 1345:1355 protein fluctuation 1337:1355 protein fluctuation 1337:1355 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 4 60 theme amino 719:723 arg1 acid 725:728 amino acid 719:728 amino acid 719:728 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 1 61 theme local 242:246 arg1 changes 263:269 local conformational changes 242:269 local conformational changes 242:269 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 3 62 theme backbone 605:612 arg1 positions 580:588 specific positions 571:588 specific positions of the protein backbone 571:612 Using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and native chemical ligation (NCL), thirteen 15 N-labeled amino acids were inserted at specific positions of the protein backbone, while intentionally varying the enrichment of 15 N atoms. 28276098 1 63 theme conformational 248:261 arg1 changes 263:269 local conformational changes 242:269 local conformational changes 242:269 Elucidating the effects of oligosaccharides on glycoprotein properties, such as local conformational changes, stability, and dynamics, has still been challenging. 28276098 0 64 theme Gradient-Enriched 70:86 arg1 Acids 107:111 Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids 70:111 Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids 70:111 Chemical Synthesis of Glycoproteins with the Specific Installation of Gradient-Enriched 15 N-Labeled Amino Acids for Getting Insights into Glycoprotein Behavior. 28276098 4 65 theme H-15 760:763 arg1 signals 772:778 1 H-15 N HSQC signals 758:778 1 H-15 N HSQC signals 758:778 This idea discriminated even the same type of amino acid based on the intensities of 1 H-15 N HSQC signals, combined with classic homonuclear TOCSY and NOESY methods, thus allowing for understanding the dynamics of the local conformation of a synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein. 28276098 7 66 theme CD 1251:1252 arg1 spectra 1255:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 2 67 theme amide 385:389 arg1 backbone 391:398 the amide backbone 381:398 the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein 381:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 7 68 theme circular 1231:1238 arg1 spectra 1255:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 28276098 5 69 theme protein 1089:1095 arg1 conformation 1097:1108 protein conformation 1089:1108 protein conformation 1089:1108 Results suggested that the attachment of an oligosaccharide of either a bi-antennary complex-type or a high-mannose-type did not disturb protein conformation. 28276098 8 70 theme oligosaccharide 1424:1438 arg1 behavior 1440:1447 oligosaccharide behavior 1424:1447 oligosaccharide behavior 1424:1447 This insight into oligosaccharide behavior suggests some further effects on binding affinity between a glycoprotein and its receptor. 28276098 2 71 theme N-labeling 359:368 arg1 method 370:375 a novel partial 15 N-labeling method 340:375 a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein 340:426 In this paper, a novel partial 15 N-labeling method for the amide backbone of a synthetic glycoprotein is proposed. 28276098 7 72 theme dichroism 1240:1248 arg1 spectra 1255:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra 1212:1261 Temperature-varied circular dichroism (CD) spectra and T1 values clearly indicated that oligosaccharides appeared to inhibit protein fluctuation or, in other words, stabilize protein structure. 25316424 0 0 from structure 12:20 arg1 monosperma 45:54 Butea monosperma 39:54 Butea monosperma 39:54 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 5 1 from role 736:739 arg1 defense 750:756 plant defense 744:756 plant defense 744:756 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 4 2 theme tetramers 471:479 arg1 consequence 530:540 a consequence 528:540 a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures 528:628 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 2 theme tetramers 471:479 arg1 occurrence 453:462 The occurrence 449:462 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal 449:517 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 1 3 theme lectin 135:140 arg1 structure 120:128 Crystal structure 112:128 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds 112:177 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds was determined by Molecular Replacement method. 25316424 6 4 theme N-acetyl 942:949 arg1 d-galactosamine 951:965 N-acetyl d-galactosamine 942:965 N-acetyl d-galactosamine 942:965 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 5 5 theme crystal 667:673 arg1 structure 675:683 The crystal structure 663:683 The crystal structure 663:683 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 2 6 theme Mass 274:277 arg1 Spectroscopy 279:290 Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 267:290 Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 267:290 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 3 7 theme quaternary 351:360 arg1 structure 362:370 Its quaternary structure 347:370 Its quaternary structure 347:370 Its quaternary structure was tetrameric, formed of two monomers, α and β, β appearing as truncated α. 25316424 4 8 from occurrence 453:462 arg1 unit 499:502 the asymmetric unit 484:502 the asymmetric unit of the crystal 484:517 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 2 9 theme Tandem 267:272 arg1 Spectroscopy 279:290 Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 267:290 Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 267:290 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 6 10 theme enzyme 831:836 arg1 kinetics 838:845 enzyme kinetics 831:845 enzyme kinetics 831:845 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 3 11 dep formed 388:393 arg1 tetrameric 376:385 tetrameric 376:385 tetrameric 376:385 Its quaternary structure was tetrameric, formed of two monomers, α and β, β appearing as truncated α. 25316424 6 12 theme α-amylase 1015:1023 arg1 inhibitor 1025:1033 α-amylase inhibitor 1015:1033 α-amylase inhibitor 1015:1033 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 5 13 theme canonical 779:787 arg1 dimer-partners 789:802 canonical dimer-partners 779:802 canonical dimer-partners 779:802 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 5 14 theme binding 692:698 arg1 pockets 700:706 binding pockets 692:706 binding pockets for γAbu 692:715 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 4 15 theme asymmetric 545:554 arg1 contacts 556:563 asymmetric contacts 545:563 asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures 545:628 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 16 theme variable 604:611 arg1 loops 613:617 variable loops 604:617 variable loops 604:617 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 0 17 theme crystal 4:10 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 0:110 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 2 18 from data 341:344 arg1 maps 313:316 electron density maps 296:316 electron density maps 296:316 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 2 18 from data 341:344 arg1 Spectroscopy 279:290 Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 267:290 Tandem Mass Spectroscopy 267:290 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 2 19 theme density 305:311 arg1 maps 313:316 electron density maps 296:316 electron density maps 296:316 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 1 20 theme Butea 156:160 arg1 seeds 173:177 Butea monosperma seeds 156:177 Butea monosperma seeds 156:177 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds was determined by Molecular Replacement method. 25316424 5 21 theme plant 744:748 arg1 defense 750:756 plant defense 744:756 plant defense 744:756 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 2 22 theme electron 296:303 arg1 maps 313:316 electron density maps 296:316 electron density maps 296:316 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 1 23 theme monosperma 162:171 arg1 seeds 173:177 Butea monosperma seeds 156:177 Butea monosperma seeds 156:177 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds was determined by Molecular Replacement method. 25316424 0 24 theme ligands 103:109 arg1 insight 57:63 insight 57:63 insight into its glycosylation 57:86 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 0 24 theme ligands 103:109 arg1 binding 92:98 binding 92:98 binding of ligands 92:109 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 6 25 theme Hemagglutination 805:820 arg1 studies 822:828 Hemagglutination studies 805:828 Hemagglutination studies 805:828 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 6 26 theme titration 859:867 arg1 calorimetry 869:879 isothermal titration calorimetry 848:879 isothermal titration calorimetry 848:879 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 0 27 theme lectin 27:32 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 0:110 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 4 28 theme crystal 511:517 arg1 unit 499:502 the asymmetric unit 484:502 the asymmetric unit of the crystal 484:517 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 29 from difference 572:581 arg1 glycosylation 586:598 glycosylation 586:598 glycosylation 586:598 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 29 from difference 572:581 arg1 loops 613:617 variable loops 604:617 variable loops 604:617 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 30 dep glycosylation 586:598 arg1 structures 619:628 structures 619:628 structures 619:628 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 0 31 theme Butea 39:43 arg1 monosperma 45:54 Butea monosperma 39:54 Butea monosperma 39:54 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 0 32 from monosperma 45:54 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 0:110 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 0 32 from monosperma 45:54 arg1 lectin 27:32 a lectin 25:32 a lectin from Butea monosperma 25:54 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 2 33 theme diffraction 329:339 arg1 data 341:344 X-ray diffraction data 323:344 X-ray diffraction data 323:344 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 6 34 theme molecular 885:893 arg1 dynamics 895:902 molecular dynamics 885:902 molecular dynamics 885:902 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 6 35 theme isothermal 848:857 arg1 calorimetry 869:879 isothermal titration calorimetry 848:879 isothermal titration calorimetry 848:879 Hemagglutination studies, enzyme kinetics, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics showed that the lectin is specific to N-acetyl d-galactosamine, galactose and lactose in decreasing order, and α-amylase inhibitor. 25316424 2 36 theme X-ray 323:327 arg1 data 341:344 X-ray diffraction data 323:344 X-ray diffraction data 323:344 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 4 37 theme asymmetric 488:497 arg1 unit 499:502 the asymmetric unit 484:502 the asymmetric unit of the crystal 484:517 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 3 38 theme truncated 436:444 arg1 α 446:446 truncated α 436:446 truncated α 436:446 Its quaternary structure was tetrameric, formed of two monomers, α and β, β appearing as truncated α. 25316424 1 39 theme Molecular 197:205 arg1 method 219:224 Molecular Replacement method 197:224 Molecular Replacement method 197:224 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds was determined by Molecular Replacement method. 25316424 0 40 dep structure 12:20 arg1 insight 57:63 insight 57:63 insight into its glycosylation 57:86 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 0 40 dep structure 12:20 arg1 binding 92:98 binding 92:98 binding of ligands 92:109 The crystal structure of a lectin from Butea monosperma: insight into its glycosylation and binding of ligands. 25316424 1 41 theme Crystal 112:118 arg1 structure 120:128 Crystal structure 112:128 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds 112:177 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds was determined by Molecular Replacement method. 25316424 1 42 theme Replacement 207:217 arg1 method 219:224 Molecular Replacement method 197:224 Molecular Replacement method 197:224 Crystal structure of a lectin purified from Butea monosperma seeds was determined by Molecular Replacement method. 25316424 2 43 theme primary 231:237 arg1 structure 239:247 Its primary structure 227:247 Its primary structure 227:247 Its primary structure was determined by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy and electron density maps from X-ray diffraction data. 25316424 5 44 theme dimer-partners 789:802 arg1 interface 766:774 the interface 762:774 the interface of canonical dimer-partners 762:802 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 5 45 theme proposed 727:734 arg1 role 736:739 a proposed role 725:739 a proposed role in plant defense 725:756 The crystal structure showed binding pockets for γAbu, having a proposed role in plant defense, at the interface of canonical dimer-partners. 25316424 4 46 theme contacts 556:563 arg1 consequence 530:540 a consequence 528:540 a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures 528:628 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 46 theme contacts 556:563 arg1 occurrence 453:462 The occurrence 449:462 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal 449:517 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 25316424 4 47 theme due 565:567 arg1 contacts 556:563 asymmetric contacts 545:563 asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures 545:628 The occurrence of two tetramers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal might be a consequence of asymmetric contacts due to difference in glycosylation and variable loops structures, to form an 'octamer-structure'. 29236390 2 0 theme Sephadex 641:648 arg1 chromatography 660:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 4 1 theme dolichol 1104:1111 arg1 cycle 1123:1127 the dolichol phosphate cycle 1100:1127 the dolichol phosphate cycle 1100:1127 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 2 2 theme neutral 612:618 arg1 chromatography 660:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 3 3 theme charged 745:751 arg1 FOS 753:755 The charged FOS 741:755 The charged FOS 741:755 The charged FOS were digested with a sialidase and compared with free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding. 29236390 1 4 from oligosaccharides 328:343 arg1 aging 368:372 human healthy aging 354:372 human healthy aging 354:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 5 5 theme organelles 1557:1566 arg1 functionality 1534:1546 functionality 1534:1546 functionality of these organelles 1534:1566 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 4 6 with ERAD 1251:1254 arg1 system 1311:1316 endosomal-lysosomal system 1291:1316 endosomal-lysosomal system 1291:1316 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 7 theme phosphate 941:949 arg1 cycle 951:955 the dolichol phosphate cycle 928:955 the dolichol phosphate cycle 928:955 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 8 theme cycle 1123:1127 arg1 inhibition 1086:1095 an inhibition 1083:1095 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 9 theme intracellular 461:473 arg1 glycans 475:481 intracellular glycans 461:481 intracellular glycans 461:481 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 10 from HPLC-profiles 292:304 arg1 aging 368:372 human healthy aging 354:372 human healthy aging 354:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 2 11 theme Q25-120 651:657 arg1 chromatography 660:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 4 12 theme myeloproliferative 1202:1219 arg1 neoplasms 1221:1229 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1196:1229 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1196:1229 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 13 with system 1064:1069 arg1 aging 1076:1080 aging 1076:1080 aging 1076:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 14 theme increasing 1158:1167 arg1 inhibition 1086:1095 an inhibition 1083:1095 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 15 theme acute 375:379 arg1 neoplasms 400:408 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 375:408 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 375:408 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 16 theme ER-associated 992:1004 arg1 ERAD 1019:1022 ERAD 1019:1022 ERAD 1019:1022 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 16 theme ER-associated 992:1004 arg1 degradation 1006:1016 ER-associated degradation 992:1016 ER-associated degradation (ERAD) 992:1023 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 17 theme lysosomal 1172:1180 arg1 exocytosis 1182:1191 lysosomal exocytosis 1172:1191 lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1172:1229 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 18 theme neoplasms 400:408 arg1 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies 292:440 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 19 theme cardiovascular 415:428 arg1 pathologies 430:440 cardiovascular pathologies 415:440 cardiovascular pathologies 415:440 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 20 theme degradation 1274:1284 arg1 intensification 1232:1246 intensification 1232:1246 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 3 21 theme structural 849:858 arg1 decoding 860:867 structural decoding 849:867 structural decoding 849:867 The charged FOS were digested with a sialidase and compared with free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding. 29236390 1 22 theme pathologies 430:440 arg1 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies 292:440 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 0 23 theme stress 75:80 arg1 glycomarkers 6:17 Serum glycomarkers 0:17 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 0:117 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 1 24 theme extracellular 143:155 arg1 oligosaccharides 162:177 extracellular free oligosaccharides 143:177 extracellular free oligosaccharides 143:177 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 2 25 theme FOS 518:520 arg1 purification 522:533 FOS purification 518:533 FOS purification 518:533 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 0 26 theme human 85:89 arg1 aging 99:103 human healthy aging 85:103 human healthy aging 85:103 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 2 27 theme charged 624:630 arg1 chromatography 660:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography 608:673 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 1 28 theme human 354:358 arg1 aging 368:372 human healthy aging 354:372 human healthy aging 354:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 29 from diseases 1336:1343 arg1 intensification 1232:1246 intensification 1232:1246 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 30 theme endosomal-lysosomal 1291:1309 arg1 system 1311:1316 endosomal-lysosomal system 1291:1316 endosomal-lysosomal system 1291:1316 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 0 31 theme Serum 0:4 arg1 glycomarkers 6:17 Serum glycomarkers 0:17 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 0:117 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 1 32 theme lysosomal-endosomal 264:282 arg1 system 284:289 lysosomal-endosomal system 264:289 lysosomal-endosomal system 264:289 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 2 33 theme liquid 711:716 arg1 chromatography 718:731 high-performance liquid chromatography 694:731 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 694:738 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 2 33 theme liquid 711:716 arg1 HPLC 734:737 HPLC 734:737 HPLC 734:737 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 5 34 theme ER 1427:1428 arg1 system 1454:1459 ER and endosomal-lysosomal system 1427:1459 system 1454:1459 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 5 35 theme endosomal-lysosomal 1434:1452 arg1 system 1454:1459 ER and endosomal-lysosomal system 1427:1459 system 1454:1459 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 0 36 theme reticulum 34:42 arg1 glycomarkers 6:17 Serum glycomarkers 0:17 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 0:117 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 4 37 from degradation 1274:1284 arg1 diseases 1336:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 3 38 from transferrin 833:843 arg1 oligosaccharides 811:826 free oligosaccharides 806:826 free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding 806:867 The charged FOS were digested with a sialidase and compared with free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding. 29236390 4 39 theme serum-derived 887:899 arg1 FOS 901:903 serum-derived FOS 887:903 serum-derived FOS 887:903 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 0 40 theme lysosomal-endosomal 48:66 arg1 stress 75:80 lysosomal-endosomal system stress 48:80 lysosomal-endosomal system stress 48:80 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 1 41 theme free 323:326 arg1 FOS 346:348 FOS 346:348 FOS 346:348 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 41 theme free 323:326 arg1 oligosaccharides 328:343 serum-derived free oligosaccharides 309:343 serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging 309:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 42 link serum-derived 309:321 arg1 FOS 346:348 FOS 346:348 FOS 346:348 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 42 link serum-derived 309:321 arg1 oligosaccharides 328:343 serum-derived free oligosaccharides 309:343 serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging 309:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 5 43 theme stressors 1481:1489 arg1 range 1472:1476 wide range 1467:1476 wide range of stressors 1467:1489 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 4 44 from degradation 1029:1039 arg1 system 1064:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system 1044:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system with aging 1044:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 45 with degradation 1274:1284 arg1 system 1311:1316 endosomal-lysosomal system 1291:1316 endosomal-lysosomal system 1291:1316 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 46 theme phosphate 1113:1121 arg1 cycle 1123:1127 the dolichol phosphate cycle 1100:1127 the dolichol phosphate cycle 1100:1127 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 47 theme endosomal-lysosomal 1044:1062 arg1 system 1064:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system 1044:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system with aging 1044:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 48 theme dolichol 932:939 arg1 cycle 951:955 the dolichol phosphate cycle 928:955 the dolichol phosphate cycle 928:955 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 49 theme acute 1196:1200 arg1 neoplasms 1221:1229 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1196:1229 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1196:1229 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 2 50 with charged 624:630 arg1 QAE 637:639 QAE 637:639 QAE 637:639 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 4 51 theme FOS 901:903 arg1 HPLC-profiles 870:882 HPLC-profiles 870:882 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS 870:903 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 5 52 theme functionality 1534:1546 arg1 they 1491:1494 they 1491:1494 they 1491:1494 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 5 52 theme functionality 1534:1546 arg1 markers 1523:1529 extracellular markers 1509:1529 extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles 1509:1566 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 4 53 theme mild 914:917 arg1 delay 919:923 mild delay 914:923 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 5 54 from perturbations 1410:1422 arg1 system 1454:1459 ER and endosomal-lysosomal system 1427:1459 system 1454:1459 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 4 55 from exocytosis 1182:1191 arg1 neoplasms 1221:1229 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1196:1229 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 1196:1229 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 56 theme moderate 964:971 arg1 intensification 973:987 moderate intensification 964:987 moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) 964:1023 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 57 theme myeloproliferative 381:398 arg1 neoplasms 400:408 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 375:408 acute myeloproliferative neoplasms 375:408 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 58 theme functional 208:217 arg1 status 219:224 the functional status 204:224 the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system 204:289 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 2 59 theme anthranilic 575:585 arg1 acid 587:590 anthranilic acid 575:590 anthranilic acid 575:590 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 4 60 theme glycocojugate 1260:1272 arg1 degradation 1274:1284 glycocojugate degradation 1260:1284 glycocojugate degradation 1260:1284 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 61 theme cycle 951:955 arg1 delay 919:923 mild delay 914:923 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 3 62 theme free 806:809 arg1 oligosaccharides 811:826 free oligosaccharides 806:826 free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding 806:867 The charged FOS were digested with a sialidase and compared with free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding. 29236390 4 63 from ER 960:961 arg1 system 1064:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system 1044:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system with aging 1044:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 64 from pathologies 430:440 arg1 aging 368:372 human healthy aging 354:372 human healthy aging 354:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 65 theme ERAD 1251:1254 arg1 intensification 1232:1246 intensification 1232:1246 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 5 66 theme free 1355:1358 arg1 oligosaccharides 1360:1375 serum free oligosaccharides 1349:1375 serum free oligosaccharides 1349:1375 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 0 67 theme healthy 91:97 arg1 aging 99:103 human healthy aging 85:103 human healthy aging 85:103 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 1 68 theme free 157:160 arg1 oligosaccharides 162:177 extracellular free oligosaccharides 143:177 extracellular free oligosaccharides 143:177 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 69 from delay 919:923 arg1 ER 960:961 ER 960:961 ER 960:961 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 69 from delay 919:923 arg1 intensification 973:987 moderate intensification 964:987 moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) 964:1023 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 69 from delay 919:923 arg1 degradation 1029:1039 degradation 1029:1039 degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging 1029:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 0 70 from glycomarkers 6:17 arg1 diseases 109:116 diseases 109:116 diseases 109:116 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 0 70 from glycomarkers 6:17 arg1 aging 99:103 human healthy aging 85:103 human healthy aging 85:103 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 2 71 theme high-performance 694:709 arg1 chromatography 718:731 high-performance liquid chromatography 694:731 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 694:738 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 2 71 theme high-performance 694:709 arg1 HPLC 734:737 HPLC 734:737 HPLC 734:737 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 1 72 from neoplasms 400:408 arg1 aging 368:372 human healthy aging 354:372 human healthy aging 354:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 73 theme degradation 1006:1016 arg1 ER 960:961 ER 960:961 ER 960:961 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 73 theme degradation 1006:1016 arg1 degradation 1029:1039 degradation 1029:1039 degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging 1029:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 73 theme degradation 1006:1016 arg1 intensification 973:987 moderate intensification 964:987 moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) 964:1023 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 74 theme healthy 360:366 arg1 aging 368:372 human healthy aging 354:372 human healthy aging 354:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 75 link serum-derived 887:899 arg1 FOS 901:903 serum-derived FOS 887:903 serum-derived FOS 887:903 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 5 76 theme wide 1467:1470 arg1 range 1472:1476 wide range 1467:1476 wide range of stressors 1467:1489 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 1 77 from aging 368:372 arg1 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies 292:440 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 78 theme cardiovascular 1321:1334 arg1 diseases 1336:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 0 79 theme endoplasmic 22:32 arg1 reticulum 34:42 endoplasmic reticulum 22:42 endoplasmic reticulum 22:42 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 1 80 theme system 284:289 arg1 status 219:224 the functional status 204:224 the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system 204:289 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 2 81 theme plasma 490:495 arg1 deproteinization 497:512 plasma deproteinization 490:512 plasma deproteinization 490:512 After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 29236390 1 82 theme endoplasmic 233:243 arg1 ER 256:257 ER 256:257 ER 256:257 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 82 theme endoplasmic 233:243 arg1 reticulum 245:253 the endoplasmic reticulum 229:253 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 229:258 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 0 83 theme system 68:73 arg1 stress 75:80 lysosomal-endosomal system stress 48:80 lysosomal-endosomal system stress 48:80 Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases. 29236390 1 84 theme serum-derived 309:321 arg1 FOS 346:348 FOS 346:348 FOS 346:348 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 1 84 theme serum-derived 309:321 arg1 oligosaccharides 328:343 serum-derived free oligosaccharides 309:343 serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging 309:372 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 5 85 theme extracellular 1509:1521 arg1 they 1491:1494 they 1491:1494 they 1491:1494 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 5 85 theme extracellular 1509:1521 arg1 markers 1523:1529 extracellular markers 1509:1529 extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles 1509:1566 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 4 86 from intensification 973:987 arg1 system 1064:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system 1044:1069 endosomal-lysosomal system with aging 1044:1080 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 87 theme oligosaccharides 328:343 arg1 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles 292:304 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies 292:440 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 29236390 4 88 from ERAD 1251:1254 arg1 diseases 1336:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 89 theme intensification 1130:1144 arg1 inhibition 1086:1095 an inhibition 1083:1095 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 90 from intensification 1232:1246 arg1 diseases 1336:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 cardiovascular diseases 1321:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 91 theme ERAD 1149:1152 arg1 cycle 1123:1127 the dolichol phosphate cycle 1100:1127 the dolichol phosphate cycle 1100:1127 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 91 theme ERAD 1149:1152 arg1 intensification 1130:1144 intensification 1130:1144 intensification of ERAD 1130:1152 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 5 92 theme serum 1349:1353 arg1 oligosaccharides 1360:1375 serum free oligosaccharides 1349:1375 serum free oligosaccharides 1349:1375 As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles. 29236390 4 93 dep delay 919:923 arg1 inhibition 1086:1095 an inhibition 1083:1095 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 4 93 dep delay 919:923 arg1 intensification 1232:1246 intensification 1232:1246 mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases 914:1343 HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. 29236390 1 94 theme reticulum 245:253 arg1 status 219:224 the functional status 204:224 the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system 204:289 To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. 24574058 0 0 theme glucosidase 26:36 arg1 mutant 41:46 a glucosidase II mutant 24:46 a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum 24:74 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 8 1 theme chosen 1665:1670 arg1 approach 1683:1690 our chosen analytical approach 1661:1690 our chosen analytical approach 1661:1690 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 1 2 theme mutant 232:237 arg1 strain 239:244 the M31 mutant strain 224:244 the M31 mutant strain 224:244 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 2 3 theme processed 558:566 arg1 oligosaccharides 568:583 incorrectly processed oligosaccharides 546:583 incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not 546:597 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 3 4 from MS/MS 826:830 arg1 combination 771:781 combination 771:781 combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments 771:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 4 5 theme Hex10-11 985:992 arg1 HexNAc2-3 994:1002 the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 969:1002 the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues 969:1044 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 8 6 theme M31 1855:1857 arg1 mutant 1871:1876 the M31 glucosidase mutant 1851:1876 the M31 glucosidase mutant 1851:1876 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 8 7 theme mutant 1871:1876 arg1 N-glycans 1838:1846 the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans 1800:1846 the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state 1800:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 7 8 theme anionic 1411:1417 arg1 N-glycans 1419:1427 anionic N-glycans 1411:1427 anionic N-glycans 1411:1427 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 3 9 theme II 701:702 arg1 mutation 704:711 the glucosidase II mutation 685:711 the glucosidase II mutation 685:711 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 7 10 theme such 1621:1624 arg1 proteins 1638:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 4 11 theme terminal 1020:1027 arg1 residues 1037:1044 one or two terminal glucose residues 1009:1044 one or two terminal glucose residues 1009:1044 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 1 12 theme mass 180:183 arg1 analysis 199:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis 170:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II 170:350 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 6 13 theme anionic 1251:1257 arg1 forms 1318:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 13 theme anionic 1251:1257 arg1 oligosaccharides 1259:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 8 14 theme negative-mode 1734:1746 arg1 fragments 1754:1762 diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1723:1762 diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1723:1762 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 8 15 theme fragments 1754:1762 arg1 observation 1708:1718 observation 1708:1718 observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1708:1762 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 2 16 theme downstream 640:649 arg1 enzymes 651:657 downstream enzymes 640:657 downstream enzymes 640:657 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 8 17 from structure 1787:1795 arg1 state 1894:1898 their native state 1881:1898 their native state 1881:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 5 18 theme bisecting 1201:1209 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 1211:1229 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1201:1229 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 1201:1229 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 3 19 theme LC-MALDI-TOF 752:763 arg1 MS 765:766 off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS 743:766 off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments 743:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 8 20 from N-glycans 1838:1846 arg1 state 1894:1898 their native state 1881:1898 their native state 1881:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 5 21 theme glucosidase 1133:1143 arg1 absence 1122:1128 the absence 1118:1128 the absence of glucosidase II 1118:1146 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 8 22 theme diagnostic 1723:1732 arg1 fragments 1754:1762 diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1723:1762 diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1723:1762 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 4 23 theme major 925:929 arg1 species 939:945 The major neutral species 921:945 The major neutral species 921:945 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 6 24 theme Hex8-11 1327:1333 arg1 HexNAc2-3 1335:1343 Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 1327:1343 Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 1327:1343 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 7 25 theme present 1542:1548 arg1 glycosidases 1529:1540 glycosidases 1529:1540 glycosidases present in the acidic compartments 1529:1575 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 0 26 theme off-line 81:88 arg1 chromatography 99:112 -1:112 -1:112 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 3 27 theme anionic 859:865 arg1 N-glycans 867:875 the neutral and anionic N-glycans 843:875 the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant 843:889 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 0 28 theme liquid 92:97 arg1 chromatography 99:112 -1:112 -1:112 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 3 29 theme neutral 847:853 arg1 N-glycans 867:875 the neutral and anionic N-glycans 843:875 the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant 843:889 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 0 30 theme N-glycomic 0:9 arg1 profiling 11:19 N-glycomic profiling 0:19 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 0:135 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 5 31 theme N-glycans 1098:1106 arg1 processing 1076:1085 processing 1076:1085 processing of neutral N-glycans 1076:1106 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 8 32 theme N-glycans 1838:1846 arg1 structure 1787:1795 the fine structure 1778:1795 the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state 1778:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 3 33 theme mutant 884:889 arg1 N-glycans 867:875 the neutral and anionic N-glycans 843:875 the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant 843:889 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 6 34 theme glucose 1381:1387 arg1 residues 1389:1396 glucose residues 1381:1396 glucose residues 1381:1396 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 1 35 theme slime 262:266 arg1 discoideum 288:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 7 36 theme slime 1626:1630 arg1 proteins 1638:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 2 37 theme N-glycans 437:445 arg1 processing 423:432 the initial processing 411:432 the initial processing of N-glycans 411:445 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 5 38 from block 1067:1071 arg1 processing 1076:1085 processing 1076:1085 processing of neutral N-glycans 1076:1106 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 1 39 theme Dictyostelium 274:286 arg1 discoideum 288:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 7 40 from present 1542:1548 arg1 compartments 1564:1575 the acidic compartments 1553:1575 the acidic compartments 1553:1575 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 2 41 theme processing 423:432 arg1 part 403:406 part 403:406 part of the initial processing of N-glycans 403:445 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 0 42 theme Dictyostelium 51:63 arg1 discoideum 65:74 Dictyostelium discoideum 51:74 Dictyostelium discoideum 51:74 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 0 43 theme mutant 41:46 arg1 profiling 11:19 N-glycomic profiling 0:19 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 0:135 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 7 44 theme lysosomal 1473:1481 arg1 enzymes 1483:1489 lysosomal enzymes 1473:1489 lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium 1473:1506 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 7 45 from compartments 1564:1575 arg1 present 1542:1548 present 1542:1548 present 1542:1548 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 3 46 theme off-line 743:750 arg1 MS 765:766 off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS 743:766 off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments 743:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 4 47 theme composition 973:983 arg1 HexNAc2-3 994:1002 the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 969:1002 the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues 969:1044 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 8 48 from state 1894:1898 arg1 structure 1787:1795 the fine structure 1778:1795 the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state 1778:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 6 49 theme HexNAc2-3 1335:1343 arg1 forms 1318:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 49 theme HexNAc2-3 1335:1343 arg1 oligosaccharides 1259:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 1 50 theme M31 228:230 arg1 strain 239:244 the M31 mutant strain 224:244 the M31 mutant strain 224:244 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 7 51 from enzymes 1483:1489 arg1 Dictyostelium 1494:1506 Dictyostelium 1494:1506 Dictyostelium 1494:1506 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 2 52 theme oligosaccharides 568:583 arg1 substrates 614:623 only poor, substrates 603:623 substrates 614:623 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 2 52 theme oligosaccharides 568:583 arg1 accumulation 530:541 an accumulation 527:541 an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not 527:597 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 8 53 theme glucosidase 1859:1869 arg1 mutant 1871:1876 the M31 glucosidase mutant 1851:1876 the M31 glucosidase mutant 1851:1876 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 1 54 theme strain 239:244 arg1 N-glycans 211:219 N-glycans 211:219 N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II 211:350 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 5 55 from N-glycans 1187:1195 arg1 absent 1171:1176 absent 1171:1176 absent 1171:1176 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 8 56 theme analytical 1672:1681 arg1 approach 1683:1690 our chosen analytical approach 1661:1690 our chosen analytical approach 1661:1690 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 8 57 theme native 1887:1892 arg1 state 1894:1898 their native state 1881:1898 their native state 1881:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 4 58 theme glucose 1029:1035 arg1 residues 1037:1044 one or two terminal glucose residues 1009:1044 one or two terminal glucose residues 1009:1044 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 3 59 from effect 675:680 arg1 Dictyostelium 716:728 Dictyostelium 716:728 Dictyostelium 716:728 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 3 60 theme mutation 704:711 arg1 effect 675:680 the effect 671:680 the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium 671:728 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 0 61 theme mass 118:121 arg1 spectrometry 123:134 mass spectrometry 118:134 mass spectrometry 118:134 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 7 62 attach attached 1609:1616 arg1 proteins 1638:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 7 62 attach attached 1609:1616 arg2 oligosaccharides 1592:1607 the oligosaccharides 1588:1607 the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins 1588:1645 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 1 63 theme first 174:178 arg1 analysis 199:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis 170:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II 170:350 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 2 64 from defects 448:454 arg1 glucosidase 466:476 either glucosidase 459:476 either glucosidase 459:476 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 3 65 theme glucosidase 689:699 arg1 mutation 704:711 the glucosidase II mutation 685:711 the glucosidase II mutation 685:711 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 7 66 attach present 1542:1548 arg1 compartments 1564:1575 the acidic compartments 1553:1575 the acidic compartments 1553:1575 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 7 66 attach present 1542:1548 arg2 glycosidases 1529:1540 glycosidases 1529:1540 glycosidases present in the acidic compartments 1529:1575 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 1 67 theme spectrometric 185:197 arg1 analysis 199:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis 170:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II 170:350 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 2 68 theme human 498:502 arg1 diseases 504:511 human diseases 498:511 human diseases 498:511 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 6 69 theme major 1245:1249 arg1 forms 1318:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 69 theme major 1245:1249 arg1 oligosaccharides 1259:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 3 70 with combination 771:781 arg1 treatments 811:820 chemical and enzymatic treatments 788:820 chemical and enzymatic treatments 788:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 6 71 theme sulfated 1281:1288 arg1 forms 1318:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 71 theme sulfated 1281:1288 arg1 oligosaccharides 1259:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 2 72 theme enzymes 651:657 arg1 range 631:635 a range 629:635 a range of downstream enzymes 629:657 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 8 73 theme MS/MS 1748:1752 arg1 fragments 1754:1762 diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1723:1762 diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments 1723:1762 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 7 74 theme acidic 1557:1562 arg1 compartments 1564:1575 the acidic compartments 1553:1575 the acidic compartments 1553:1575 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 0 75 theme discoideum 65:74 arg1 mutant 41:46 a glucosidase II mutant 24:46 a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum 24:74 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 3 76 theme enzymatic 801:809 arg1 treatments 811:820 chemical and enzymatic treatments 788:820 chemical and enzymatic treatments 788:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 6 77 theme forms 1318:1322 arg1 forms 1318:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 77 theme forms 1318:1322 arg1 oligosaccharides 1259:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 77 theme forms 1318:1322 arg1 many 1347:1350 many 1347:1350 many 1347:1350 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 0 78 theme " -1:-1 arg1 chromatography 99:112 -1:112 -1:112 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 5 79 with Consistent 1047:1056 arg1 block 1067:1071 the block 1063:1071 the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II 1063:1146 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 3 80 theme chemical 788:795 arg1 treatments 811:820 chemical and enzymatic treatments 788:820 chemical and enzymatic treatments 788:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 0 81 theme " -1:-1 arg1 chromatography 99:112 -1:112 -1:112 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 8 82 theme fine 1782:1785 arg1 structure 1787:1795 the fine structure 1778:1795 the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state 1778:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 2 83 theme poor 608:611 arg1 substrates 614:623 only poor, substrates 603:623 substrates 614:623 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 6 84 theme methylphosphorylated 1297:1316 arg1 forms 1318:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms 1281:1322 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 6 84 theme methylphosphorylated 1297:1316 arg1 oligosaccharides 1259:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides 1241:1274 The major anionic oligosaccharides were sulfated and/or methylphosphorylated forms of Hex8-11 HexNAc2-3 , many of which surprisingly lacked glucose residues entirely. 24574058 4 85 with HexNAc2-3 994:1002 arg1 residues 1037:1044 one or two terminal glucose residues 1009:1044 one or two terminal glucose residues 1009:1044 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 8 86 theme methylphosphorylated 1804:1823 arg1 N-glycans 1838:1846 the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans 1800:1846 the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state 1800:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 1 87 from defect 327:332 arg1 glucosidase 337:347 glucosidase II 337:350 glucosidase II 337:350 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 1 88 theme cellular 253:260 arg1 discoideum 288:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 8 89 theme sulfated 1829:1836 arg1 N-glycans 1838:1846 the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans 1800:1846 the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state 1800:1898 Furthermore, our chosen analytical approach enabled us, via observation of diagnostic negative-mode MS/MS fragments, to determine the fine structure of the methylphosphorylated and sulfated N-glycans of the M31 glucosidase mutant in their native state. 24574058 0 90 theme II 38:39 arg1 mutant 41:46 a glucosidase II mutant 24:46 a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum 24:74 N-glycomic profiling of a glucosidase II mutant of Dictyostelium discoideum by ''off-line'' liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 24574058 1 91 theme mould 268:272 arg1 discoideum 288:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum 249:297 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 7 92 theme mould 1632:1636 arg1 proteins 1638:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 such slime mould proteins 1621:1645 As anionic N-glycans are considered to be mostly associated with lysosomal enzymes in Dictyostelium, we hypothesise that glycosidases present in the acidic compartments may act on the oligosaccharides attached to such slime mould proteins. 24574058 4 93 theme neutral 931:937 arg1 species 939:945 The major neutral species 921:945 The major neutral species 921:945 The major neutral species were, as expected, of the composition Hex10-11 HexNAc2-3 with one or two terminal glucose residues. 24574058 1 94 theme discoideum 288:297 arg1 strain 239:244 the M31 mutant strain 224:244 the M31 mutant strain 224:244 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 24574058 3 95 theme wild 910:913 arg1 type 915:918 the wild type 906:918 the wild type 906:918 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 2 96 theme initial 415:421 arg1 processing 423:432 the initial processing 411:432 the initial processing of N-glycans 411:445 Together with glucosidase I, this enzyme mediates part of the initial processing of N-glycans; defects in either glucosidase are associated with human diseases and result in an accumulation of incorrectly processed oligosaccharides which are not, or only poor, substrates for a range of downstream enzymes. 24574058 5 97 theme neutral 1090:1096 arg1 N-glycans 1098:1106 neutral N-glycans 1090:1106 neutral N-glycans 1090:1106 Consistent with the block in processing of neutral N-glycans caused by the absence of glucosidase II, fucose was apparently absent from the N-glycans and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine was rare. 24574058 3 98 from MS 765:766 arg1 combination 771:781 combination 771:781 combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments 771:820 To examine the effect of the glucosidase II mutation in Dictyostelium, we employed off-line LC-MALDI-TOF MS in combination with chemical and enzymatic treatments and MS/MS to analyze the neutral and anionic N-glycans of the mutant as compared to the wild type. 24574058 1 99 theme N-glycans 211:219 arg1 analysis 199:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis 170:206 the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II 170:350 In this study, we have performed the first mass spectrometric analysis of N-glycans of the M31 mutant strain of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, previously shown to have a defect in glucosidase II. 28053144 7 0 theme GalNAc-T6 855:863 arg1 Transfection 839:850 Transfection 839:850 Transfection of GalNAc-T6 839:863 Transfection of GalNAc-T6 significantly reduced both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 generation, but GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T4 only reduced Aβ1-40 generation. 28053144 5 1 theme GalNAc-Ts 647:655 arg1 expression 625:634 the expression 621:634 the expression of several GalNAc-Ts 621:655 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 9 2 theme α-secretase 1178:1188 arg1 expression 1164:1173 The expression 1160:1173 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase 1160:1204 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase was slightly altered in the transfected cells, but the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase were not significantly altered. 28053144 1 3 dep structure 84:92 arg1 the 80:82 the 80:82 the 80:82 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 8 4 theme GalNAc-T6 1123:1131 arg1 prominent 1149:1157 prominent 1149:1157 prominent 1149:1157 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 4 theme GalNAc-T6 1123:1131 arg1 activity 1111:1118 the GalNAc transferase activity 1088:1118 the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP 1088:1138 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 4 5 theme synthesis 517:525 arg1 step 489:492 the first step 479:492 the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis 479:525 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 8 6 theme soluble 1047:1053 arg1 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 6 theme soluble 1047:1053 arg1 protein 1073:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein 1047:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) 1047:1085 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 5 7 theme real-time 593:601 arg1 PCR 603:605 real-time PCR 593:605 real-time PCR 593:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 1 8 theme many 159:162 arg1 diseases 164:171 many diseases 159:171 many diseases 159:171 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 8 9 theme amyloid 1055:1061 arg1 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 9 theme amyloid 1055:1061 arg1 protein 1073:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein 1047:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) 1047:1085 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 4 10 theme O-glycan 508:515 arg1 synthesis 517:525 mucin-type O-glycan synthesis 497:525 mucin-type O-glycan synthesis 497:525 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 9 11 theme α-secretase 1275:1285 arg1 activities 1261:1270 the activities 1257:1270 the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase 1257:1301 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase was slightly altered in the transfected cells, but the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase were not significantly altered. 28053144 10 12 gly O-glycosylation 1366:1380 arg1 APP 1385:1387 APP 1385:1387 APP 1385:1387 These data suggest that excess O-glycosylation on APP by GalNAc-T6 inhibits Aβ production. 28053144 8 13 theme precursor 1063:1071 arg1 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 13 theme precursor 1063:1071 arg1 protein 1073:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein 1047:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) 1047:1085 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 4 14 theme UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine 376:400 arg1 family 459:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family 372:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family 372:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 6 15 theme GalNAc-Ts 714:722 arg1 Three 699:703 Three 699:703 Three 699:703 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 6 15 theme GalNAc-Ts 714:722 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 714:722 these GalNAc-Ts 708:722 these GalNAc-Ts 708:722 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 5 16 from brain 581:585 arg1 Analysis 528:535 Analysis 528:535 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR 528:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 7 17 theme Aβ1-40 963:968 arg1 generation 970:979 Aβ1-40 generation 963:979 Aβ1-40 generation 963:979 Transfection of GalNAc-T6 significantly reduced both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 generation, but GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T4 only reduced Aβ1-40 generation. 28053144 10 18 from O-glycosylation 1366:1380 arg1 APP 1385:1387 APP 1385:1387 APP 1385:1387 These data suggest that excess O-glycosylation on APP by GalNAc-T6 inhibits Aβ production. 28053144 2 19 from changes 206:212 arg1 N-glycans 217:225 N-glycans 217:225 N-glycans 217:225 We previously demonstrated that changes in N-glycans alter Aβ production. 28053144 3 20 theme present 255:261 arg1 study 263:267 the present study 251:267 the present study 251:267 In the present study, we focused on the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and O-glycan, another type of glycan. 28053144 8 21 theme enzymatic 1023:1031 arg1 activities 1033:1042 enzymatic activities 1023:1042 enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) 1023:1085 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 0 22 theme APP 7:9 arg1 O-glycosylation 11:25 Excess APP O-glycosylation 0:25 Excess APP O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T6 0:38 Excess APP O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T6 decreases Aβ production. 28053144 4 23 theme first 483:487 arg1 step 489:492 the first step 479:492 the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis 479:525 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 5 24 theme human 575:579 arg1 brain 581:585 the human brain 571:585 the human brain using real-time PCR 571:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 1 25 theme structure 84:92 arg1 Alterations 65:75 Alterations 65:75 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins 65:137 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 6 26 from impact 814:819 arg1 production 827:836 Aβ production 824:836 Aβ production 824:836 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 0 27 theme Excess 0:5 arg1 O-glycosylation 11:25 Excess APP O-glycosylation 0:25 Excess APP O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T6 0:38 Excess APP O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T6 decreases Aβ production. 28053144 5 28 theme several 639:645 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 647:655 several GalNAc-Ts 639:655 several GalNAc-Ts 639:655 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 5 29 from Analysis 528:535 arg1 brain 581:585 the human brain 571:585 the human brain using real-time PCR 571:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 8 30 theme GalNAc 1092:1097 arg1 prominent 1149:1157 prominent 1149:1157 prominent 1149:1157 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 30 theme GalNAc 1092:1097 arg1 activity 1111:1118 the GalNAc transferase activity 1088:1118 the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP 1088:1138 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 9 31 theme transfected 1234:1244 arg1 cells 1246:1250 the transfected cells 1230:1250 the transfected cells 1230:1250 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase was slightly altered in the transfected cells, but the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase were not significantly altered. 28053144 1 32 attach present 119:125 arg2 glycans 111:117 glycans 111:117 glycans present on proteins 111:137 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 1 32 attach present 119:125 arg1 proteins 130:137 proteins 130:137 proteins 130:137 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 9 33 theme β-secretase 1291:1301 arg1 activities 1261:1270 the activities 1257:1270 the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase 1257:1301 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase was slightly altered in the transfected cells, but the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase were not significantly altered. 28053144 5 34 from expression 544:553 arg1 brain 581:585 the human brain 571:585 the human brain using real-time PCR 571:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 6 35 dep Three 699:703 arg1 GalNAc-T6 750:758 GalNAc-T6 750:758 GalNAc-T6 750:758 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 6 35 dep Three 699:703 arg1 GalNAc-T4 736:744 GalNAc-T4 736:744 GalNAc-T4 736:744 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 6 35 dep Three 699:703 arg1 GalNAc-T1 725:733 GalNAc-T1 725:733 GalNAc-T1 725:733 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 8 36 theme transferase 1099:1109 arg1 prominent 1149:1157 prominent 1149:1157 prominent 1149:1157 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 36 theme transferase 1099:1109 arg1 activity 1111:1118 the GalNAc transferase activity 1088:1118 the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP 1088:1138 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 2 37 theme Aβ 233:234 arg1 production 236:245 Aβ production 233:245 Aβ production 233:245 We previously demonstrated that changes in N-glycans alter Aβ production. 28053144 5 38 theme expression 544:553 arg1 Analysis 528:535 Analysis 528:535 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR 528:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 3 39 theme glycan 364:369 arg1 type 356:359 another type 348:359 another type of glycan 348:369 In the present study, we focused on the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and O-glycan, another type of glycan. 28053144 3 39 theme glycan 364:369 arg1 disease 321:327 Alzheimer's disease 309:327 Alzheimer's disease (AD) 309:332 In the present study, we focused on the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and O-glycan, another type of glycan. 28053144 5 40 theme sporadic 674:681 arg1 progression 686:696 sporadic AD progression 674:696 sporadic AD progression 674:696 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 10 41 theme excess 1359:1364 arg1 O-glycosylation 1366:1380 excess O-glycosylation 1359:1380 excess O-glycosylation on APP by GalNAc-T6 1359:1400 These data suggest that excess O-glycosylation on APP by GalNAc-T6 inhibits Aβ production. 28053144 1 42 theme glycans 111:117 arg1 structure 84:92 structure 84:92 structure 84:92 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 0 43 theme Aβ 50:51 arg1 production 53:62 Aβ production 50:62 Aβ production 50:62 Excess APP O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T6 decreases Aβ production. 28053144 5 44 theme AD 683:684 arg1 progression 686:696 sporadic AD progression 674:696 sporadic AD progression 674:696 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 4 45 theme polypeptide 402:412 arg1 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 414:446 polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 402:446 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family 372:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 4 45 theme polypeptide 402:412 arg1 GalNAc-T 449:456 GalNAc-T 449:456 GalNAc-T 449:456 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 5 46 theme GalNAc-Ts 558:566 arg1 expression 544:553 the expression 540:553 the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR 540:605 Analysis of the expression of GalNAc-Ts in the human brain using real-time PCR revealed that the expression of several GalNAc-Ts was altered with sporadic AD progression. 28053144 1 47 theme present 119:125 arg1 glycans 111:117 glycans 111:117 glycans present on proteins 111:137 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 9 48 theme β-secretase 1194:1204 arg1 expression 1164:1173 The expression 1160:1173 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase 1160:1204 The expression of α-secretase and β-secretase was slightly altered in the transfected cells, but the activities of α-secretase and β-secretase were not significantly altered. 28053144 1 49 theme amount 101:106 arg1 Alterations 65:75 Alterations 65:75 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins 65:137 Alterations of the structure and/or amount of glycans present on proteins are associated with many diseases. 28053144 6 50 theme Aβ 824:825 arg1 production 827:836 Aβ production 824:836 Aβ production 824:836 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 7 51 theme Aβ1-42 903:908 arg1 generation 910:919 Aβ1-42 generation 903:919 Aβ1-42 generation 903:919 Transfection of GalNAc-T6 significantly reduced both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 generation, but GalNAc-T1 and GalNAc-T4 only reduced Aβ1-40 generation. 28053144 4 52 theme N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 414:446 arg1 family 459:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family 372:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family 372:464 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 10 53 theme Aβ 1411:1412 arg1 production 1414:1423 Aβ production 1411:1423 Aβ production 1411:1423 These data suggest that excess O-glycosylation on APP by GalNAc-T6 inhibits Aβ production. 28053144 6 54 theme HEK293T 783:789 arg1 cells 791:795 HEK293T cells 783:795 HEK293T cells 783:795 Three of these GalNAc-Ts (GalNAc-T1, GalNAc-T4 and GalNAc-T6) were transfected into HEK293T cells to examine their impact on Aβ production. 28053144 4 55 theme mucin-type 497:506 arg1 synthesis 517:525 mucin-type O-glycan synthesis 497:525 mucin-type O-glycan synthesis 497:525 The UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family functions in the first step of mucin-type O-glycan synthesis. 28053144 8 56 from activities 1033:1042 arg1 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 APP 1082:1084 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 28053144 8 56 from activities 1033:1042 arg1 protein 1073:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein 1047:1079 soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP) 1047:1085 Although these three GalNAc-Ts exhibited enzymatic activities on soluble amyloid precursor protein (APP), the GalNAc transferase activity of GalNAc-T6 to APP was most prominent. 25900908 0 0 theme multidrug-resistant 94:112 arg1 pathogens 114:122 multidrug-resistant pathogens 94:122 multidrug-resistant pathogens 94:122 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 2 1 theme antibacterial 493:505 arg1 activities 507:516 their antibacterial activities 487:516 their antibacterial activities 487:516 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 4 2 theme SAR 778:780 arg1 studies 782:788 SAR studies 778:788 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages 778:826 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 4 3 with antibiotics 924:934 arg1 index 983:987 a great improved therapeutic index 954:987 a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A 954:1005 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 3 4 theme vancomycin-resistant 743:762 arg1 Enterococcus 764:775 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 743:775 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 743:775 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 2 5 theme glycopeptide 360:371 arg1 synthesis 373:381 macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 348:381 macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 348:381 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 6 theme structure 539:547 arg1 relationships 562:574 the structure and activity relationships 535:574 relationships 562:574 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 1 7 contain have 143:146 arg2 impact 163:168 a multifaceted impact 148:168 a multifaceted impact 148:168 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 1 7 contain have 143:146 arg1 Glycosylation 125:137 Glycosylation 125:137 Glycosylation 125:137 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 2 8 gly glycosylated 411:422 arg1 derivatives 424:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 398:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) 398:450 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 8 gly glycosylated 411:422 arg1 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 8 gly glycosylated 411:422 arg1 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 0 9 gly glycosylated 61:72 arg1 derivatives 74:84 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 1 10 theme target 278:283 arg1 molecules 285:293 the target molecules 274:293 the target molecules 274:293 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 4 11 theme potent 917:922 arg1 antibiotics 924:934 several potent antibiotics 909:934 several potent antibiotics 909:934 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 4 11 theme potent 917:922 arg1 1f 945:946 1f 945:946 1f 945:946 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 3 12 gly glycosylated 628:639 arg1 derivatives 641:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 2 13 theme A 409:409 arg1 derivatives 424:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 398:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) 398:450 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 13 theme A 409:409 arg1 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 13 theme A 409:409 arg1 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 14 dep relationships 562:574 arg1 SAR 577:579 SAR 577:579 SAR 577:579 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 4 15 theme several 909:915 arg1 antibiotics 924:934 several potent antibiotics 909:934 several potent antibiotics 909:934 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 4 15 theme several 909:915 arg1 1f 945:946 1f 945:946 1f 945:946 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 4 16 theme tyrocidine 994:1003 arg1 A 1005:1005 tyrocidine A 994:1005 tyrocidine A 994:1005 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 2 17 theme tyrocidine 398:407 arg1 A 409:409 tyrocidine A 398:409 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) 398:450 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 1 18 dep properties 177:186 arg1 the 173:175 the 173:175 the 173:175 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 1 19 theme peptides 205:212 arg1 functions 192:200 functions 192:200 functions 192:200 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 1 19 theme peptides 205:212 arg1 properties 177:186 properties 177:186 properties 177:186 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 2 20 theme activity 553:560 arg1 relationships 562:574 the structure and activity relationships 535:574 relationships 562:574 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 4 21 theme antibiotics 924:934 arg1 identification 891:904 the identification 887:904 the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A 887:1005 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 3 22 theme Biological 583:592 arg1 studies 594:600 Biological studies 583:600 Biological studies 583:600 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 0 23 theme antibacterial 14:26 arg1 activities 28:37 antibacterial activities 14:37 antibacterial activities 14:37 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 4 24 theme therapeutic 971:981 arg1 index 983:987 a great improved therapeutic index 954:987 a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A 954:1005 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 0 25 theme novel 42:46 arg1 A 59:59 novel tyrocidine A 42:59 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 2 26 gly glycopeptide 360:371 arg2 glycopeptide 360:371 macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 348:381 macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 348:381 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 1 27 theme critical 226:233 arg1 role 235:238 a critical role 224:238 a critical role 224:238 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 2 28 dep derivatives 424:434 arg1 derivatives 424:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 398:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) 398:450 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 28 dep derivatives 424:434 arg1 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 28 dep derivatives 424:434 arg1 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 29 theme derivatives 424:434 arg1 series 388:393 two series 384:393 two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) 384:450 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 3 30 theme good 657:660 arg1 activities 676:685 good antibacterial activities 657:685 good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 657:775 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 2 31 theme glycosylated 411:422 arg1 derivatives 424:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 398:434 tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) 398:450 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 31 theme glycosylated 411:422 arg1 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 2a-f 446:449 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 2 31 theme glycosylated 411:422 arg1 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 1a-f 437:440 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 0 32 theme A 59:59 arg1 derivatives 74:84 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 3 33 theme antibacterial 662:674 arg1 activities 676:685 good antibacterial activities 657:685 good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 657:775 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 2 34 theme macrocyclic 348:358 arg1 synthesis 373:381 macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 348:381 macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 348:381 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 0 35 theme tyrocidine 48:57 arg1 A 59:59 novel tyrocidine A 42:59 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 4 36 theme improved 962:969 arg1 index 983:987 a great improved therapeutic index 954:987 a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A 954:1005 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 1 37 theme multifaceted 150:161 arg1 impact 163:168 a multifaceted impact 148:168 a multifaceted impact 148:168 Glycosylation can have a multifaceted impact on the properties and functions of peptides and plays a critical role in interacting with or binding to the target molecules. 25900908 4 38 theme great 956:960 arg1 index 983:987 a great improved therapeutic index 954:987 a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A 954:1005 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 4 39 theme biochemical 853:863 arg1 profile 865:871 the biochemical profile 849:871 the biochemical profile 849:871 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 2 40 theme reported 328:335 arg1 method 337:342 the previously reported method 313:342 the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis 313:381 Herein, based on the previously reported method for macrocyclic glycopeptide synthesis, two series of tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives (1a-f and 2a-f) were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities to further study the structure and activity relationships (SAR). 25900908 4 41 used used 833:836 arg2 studies 782:788 SAR studies 778:788 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages 778:826 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 4 42 theme various 799:805 arg1 glycans 807:813 various glycans 799:813 various glycans 799:813 SAR studies based on various glycans and linkages were used to enhance the biochemical profile, resulting in the identification of several potent antibiotics, such as 1f, with a great improved therapeutic index than tyrocidine A. 25900908 0 43 theme derivatives 74:84 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 0 43 theme derivatives 74:84 arg1 activities 28:37 antibacterial activities 14:37 antibacterial activities 14:37 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 3 44 theme synthetic 618:626 arg1 derivatives 641:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 3 45 contain had 653:655 arg1 derivatives 641:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 3 45 contain had 653:655 arg2 activities 676:685 good antibacterial activities 657:685 good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 657:775 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25900908 0 46 theme glycosylated 61:72 arg1 derivatives 74:84 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives 42:84 Synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel tyrocidine A glycosylated derivatives towards multidrug-resistant pathogens. 25900908 3 47 theme glycosylated 628:639 arg1 derivatives 641:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 the synthetic glycosylated derivatives 614:651 Biological studies showed that the synthetic glycosylated derivatives had good antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. 25271059 0 0 theme N-linked 73:80 arg1 glycosylation 82:94 N-linked glycosylation 73:94 N-linked glycosylation 73:94 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 4 1 theme new 538:540 arg1 points 550:555 new control points 538:555 new control points for glycan branching 538:576 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 5 2 theme glycosylation 707:719 arg1 pathway 721:727 the glycosylation pathway 703:727 the glycosylation pathway 703:727 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 6 3 theme chorionic 974:982 arg1 hCG 998:1000 hCG 998:1000 hCG 998:1000 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 6 3 theme chorionic 974:982 arg1 gonadotropin 984:995 human chorionic gonadotropin 968:995 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 968:1001 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 8 4 theme branching 1280:1288 arg1 decisions 1290:1298 glycan branching decisions 1273:1298 glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1273:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 7 5 theme in 1175:1176 arg1 model 1183:1187 an in vivo model 1172:1187 an in vivo model of hCG activity 1172:1203 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 6 6 theme nascent 888:894 arg1 proteins 896:903 nascent proteins 888:903 nascent proteins 888:903 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 8 7 theme glycoprotein 1398:1409 arg1 activity 1378:1385 the biological activity 1363:1385 the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1363:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 6 8 theme mammalian 937:945 arg1 cells 947:951 mammalian cells 937:951 mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 937:1001 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 7 9 theme hCG 1192:1194 arg1 activity 1196:1203 hCG activity 1192:1203 hCG activity 1192:1203 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 7 10 theme galactosyltransferase 1039:1059 arg1 isoform 1063:1069 galactosyltransferase 4 isoform 1039:1069 galactosyltransferase 4 isoform 1039:1069 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 2 11 theme biological 293:302 arg1 activities 304:313 differential biological activities 280:313 differential biological activities for single glycoproteins 280:338 The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. 25271059 4 12 theme glycosylation 509:521 arg1 models 490:495 quantitative mathematical models 464:495 quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching 464:576 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 7 13 theme activity 1196:1203 arg1 model 1183:1187 an in vivo model 1172:1187 an in vivo model of hCG activity 1172:1203 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 6 14 theme branching 875:883 arg1 consequences 852:863 the biological consequences 837:863 the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins 837:903 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 2 15 theme differential 280:291 arg1 activities 304:313 differential biological activities 280:313 differential biological activities for single glycoproteins 280:338 The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. 25271059 8 16 theme biological 1367:1376 arg1 activity 1378:1385 the biological activity 1363:1385 the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1363:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 3 17 theme precise 354:360 arg1 mechanism 362:370 the precise mechanism 350:370 the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network 350:429 However, the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network is unknown. 25271059 3 17 theme precise 354:360 arg1 unknown 434:440 unknown 434:440 unknown 434:440 However, the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network is unknown. 25271059 0 18 from point 43:47 arg1 glycosylation 82:94 N-linked glycosylation 73:94 N-linked glycosylation 73:94 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 5 19 theme metabolic 680:688 arg1 flux 690:693 metabolic flux 680:693 metabolic flux 680:693 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 6 20 theme glycan 868:873 arg1 branching 875:883 glycan branching 868:883 glycan branching 868:883 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 1 21 theme complex 181:187 arg1 array 189:193 a complex array 179:193 a complex array of branched glycan structures 179:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 8 22 theme major 1249:1253 arg1 galactosyltransferase 1220:1240 galactosyltransferase 4 1220:1242 galactosyltransferase 4 1220:1242 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 8 22 theme major 1249:1253 arg1 point 1263:1267 a major control point 1247:1267 a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1247:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 8 23 gly glycoprotein 1398:1409 arg1 glycoprotein 1398:1409 nascent glycoprotein 1390:1409 nascent glycoprotein 1390:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 7 24 dep in 1175:1176 arg1 vivo 1178:1181 vivo 1178:1181 vivo 1178:1181 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 5 25 theme N-acetylglucosamine 616:634 arg1 residues 636:643 N-acetylglucosamine residues 616:643 N-acetylglucosamine residues 616:643 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 5 26 theme Golgi 799:803 arg1 network 805:811 the Golgi network 795:811 the Golgi network 795:811 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 6 27 theme cells 947:951 arg1 series 927:932 a series 925:932 a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 925:1001 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 6 28 theme human 968:972 arg1 hCG 998:1000 hCG 998:1000 hCG 998:1000 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 6 28 theme human 968:972 arg1 gonadotropin 984:995 human chorionic gonadotropin 968:995 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 968:1001 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 4 29 theme N-linked 500:507 arg1 glycosylation 509:521 N-linked glycosylation 500:521 N-linked glycosylation 500:521 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 8 30 theme cell 1326:1329 arg1 Golgi 1313:1317 the Golgi 1309:1317 the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1309:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 3 31 theme glycosylation 409:421 arg1 network 423:429 the glycan branching and glycosylation network 384:429 network 423:429 However, the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network is unknown. 25271059 6 32 theme biological 841:850 arg1 consequences 852:863 the biological consequences 837:863 the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins 837:903 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 2 33 theme single 319:324 arg1 glycoproteins 326:338 single glycoproteins 319:338 single glycoproteins 319:338 The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. 25271059 1 34 theme branched 198:205 arg1 structures 214:223 branched glycan structures 198:223 branched glycan structures 198:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 3 35 theme glycan 388:393 arg1 branching 395:403 the glycan branching and glycosylation network 384:429 branching 395:403 However, the precise mechanism controlling the glycan branching and glycosylation network is unknown. 25271059 1 36 theme Protein 97:103 arg1 modification 152:163 a common post-translational modification 124:163 a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures 124:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 1 36 theme Protein 97:103 arg1 N-glycosylation 105:119 Protein N-glycosylation 97:119 Protein N-glycosylation 97:119 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 1 37 theme glycan 207:212 arg1 structures 214:223 branched glycan structures 198:223 branched glycan structures 198:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 8 38 theme glycan 1273:1278 arg1 decisions 1290:1298 glycan branching decisions 1273:1298 glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1273:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 7 39 theme biological 1149:1158 arg1 activity 1160:1167 biological activity 1149:1167 biological activity 1149:1167 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 5 40 theme nascent 767:773 arg1 protein 775:781 nascent protein 767:781 nascent protein produced in the Golgi network 767:811 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 4 41 theme mathematical 477:488 arg1 models 490:495 quantitative mathematical models 464:495 quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching 464:576 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 1 42 theme structures 214:223 arg1 array 189:193 a complex array 179:193 a complex array of branched glycan structures 179:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 0 43 theme control 35:41 arg1 Galactosyltransferase 0:20 Galactosyltransferase 4 0:22 Galactosyltransferase 4 0:22 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 0 43 theme control 35:41 arg1 point 43:47 a major control point 27:47 a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation 27:94 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 5 44 theme protein 775:781 arg1 antennarity 752:762 final antennarity 746:762 final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network 746:811 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 4 45 theme quantitative 464:475 arg1 models 490:495 quantitative mathematical models 464:495 quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching 464:576 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 0 46 theme major 29:33 arg1 Galactosyltransferase 0:20 Galactosyltransferase 4 0:22 Galactosyltransferase 4 0:22 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 0 46 theme major 29:33 arg1 point 43:47 a major control point 27:47 a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation 27:94 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 2 47 theme branching 240:248 arg1 levels 230:235 The levels 226:235 The levels of branching, or antennarity, 226:265 The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. 25271059 0 48 link N-linked 73:80 arg1 glycosylation 82:94 N-linked glycosylation 73:94 N-linked glycosylation 73:94 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 6 49 from consequences 852:863 arg1 proteins 896:903 nascent proteins 888:903 nascent proteins 888:903 To further investigate the biological consequences of glycan branching in nascent proteins, we glycoengineered a series of mammalian cells overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 25271059 4 50 theme glycan 561:566 arg1 branching 568:576 glycan branching 561:576 glycan branching 561:576 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 0 51 theme glycan 53:58 arg1 branching 60:68 glycan branching 53:68 glycan branching 53:68 Galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching in N-linked glycosylation. 25271059 7 52 theme nascent 1107:1113 arg1 protein 1115:1121 the nascent protein 1103:1121 the nascent protein 1103:1121 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 4 53 link N-linked 500:507 arg1 glycosylation 509:521 N-linked glycosylation 500:521 N-linked glycosylation 500:521 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 25271059 5 54 theme final 746:750 arg1 antennarity 752:762 final antennarity 746:762 final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network 746:811 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 1 55 theme common 126:131 arg1 modification 152:163 a common post-translational modification 124:163 a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures 124:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 1 55 theme common 126:131 arg1 N-glycosylation 105:119 Protein N-glycosylation 97:119 Protein N-glycosylation 97:119 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 7 56 from branching 1090:1098 arg1 protein 1115:1121 the nascent protein 1103:1121 the nascent protein 1103:1121 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 5 57 theme antennarity 752:762 arg1 pathway 721:727 the glycosylation pathway 703:727 the glycosylation pathway 703:727 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 5 57 theme antennarity 752:762 arg1 level 737:741 the level 733:741 the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network 733:811 Galactosyltransferase, which acts on N-acetylglucosamine residues, was unexpectedly found to control metabolic flux through the glycosylation pathway and the level of final antennarity of nascent protein produced in the Golgi network. 25271059 8 58 theme control 1255:1261 arg1 galactosyltransferase 1220:1240 galactosyltransferase 4 1220:1242 galactosyltransferase 4 1220:1242 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 8 58 theme control 1255:1261 arg1 point 1263:1267 a major control point 1247:1267 a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein 1247:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 1 59 theme post-translational 133:150 arg1 modification 152:163 a common post-translational modification 124:163 a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures 124:223 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 1 59 theme post-translational 133:150 arg1 N-glycosylation 105:119 Protein N-glycosylation 97:119 Protein N-glycosylation 97:119 Protein N-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that produces a complex array of branched glycan structures. 25271059 2 60 theme antennarity 254:264 arg1 levels 230:235 The levels 226:235 The levels of branching, or antennarity, 226:265 The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. 25271059 7 61 theme N-glycan 1081:1088 arg1 branching 1090:1098 N-glycan branching 1081:1098 N-glycan branching on the nascent protein 1081:1121 We identified a mechanism in which galactosyltransferase 4 isoform regulated N-glycan branching on the nascent protein, subsequently controlling biological activity in an in vivo model of hCG activity. 25271059 8 62 theme nascent 1390:1396 arg1 glycoprotein 1398:1409 nascent glycoprotein 1390:1409 nascent glycoprotein 1390:1409 We found that galactosyltransferase 4 is a major control point for glycan branching decisions taken in the Golgi of the cell, which might ultimately control the biological activity of nascent glycoprotein. 25271059 2 63 gly glycoproteins 326:338 arg1 glycoproteins 326:338 single glycoproteins 319:338 single glycoproteins 319:338 The levels of branching, or antennarity, give rise to differential biological activities for single glycoproteins. 25271059 4 64 theme control 542:548 arg1 points 550:555 new control points 538:555 new control points for glycan branching 538:576 Here, we constructed quantitative mathematical models of N-linked glycosylation that predicted new control points for glycan branching. 29066631 4 0 theme computational 1067:1079 arg1 GlyPick 1087:1093 GlyPick 1087:1093 GlyPick 1087:1093 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 0 theme computational 1067:1079 arg1 tool 1081:1084 computational tool 1067:1084 computational tool 1067:1084 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 1 theme sulfo- 887:892 arg1 glycotopes 922:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 3 2 theme self-programmed 712:726 arg1 development 728:738 self-programmed development 712:738 self-programmed development 712:738 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 8 3 theme proteomic 1912:1920 arg1 analysis 1922:1929 proteomic analysis 1912:1929 proteomic analysis 1912:1929 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 10 4 theme terminal 2149:2156 arg1 variants 2179:2186 variants 2179:2186 variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2179:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 10 4 theme terminal 2149:2156 arg1 glycotopes 2158:2167 their terminal glycotopes 2143:2167 their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2143:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 1 5 from ambiguity 323:331 arg1 cases 341:345 most cases 336:345 most cases of mass spectrometry (MS) 336:371 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 4 6 theme glycotope-centric 1155:1171 arg1 mapping 1182:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping 1137:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1137:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 6 theme glycotope-centric 1155:1171 arg1 throughput 1125:1134 an automated, high throughput 1106:1134 throughput 1125:1134 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 8 7 theme rapid 1940:1944 arg1 switching 1958:1966 rapid hassle-free switching 1940:1966 rapid hassle-free switching 1940:1966 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 9 8 dep larger 2045:2050 arg1 fucosylated 2077:2087 fucosylated 2077:2087 fucosylated 2077:2087 We further show how this workflow is particularly effective when applied to larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain. 29066631 9 8 dep larger 2045:2050 arg1 sialylated 2062:2071 sialylated 2062:2071 sialylated 2062:2071 We further show how this workflow is particularly effective when applied to larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain. 29066631 7 9 theme summed 1660:1665 arg1 ion 1667:1669 summed ion 1660:1669 summed ion 1660:1669 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 5 10 dep relied 1279:1284 arg1 whereas 1336:1342 whereas 1336:1342 whereas 1336:1342 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 4 11 theme automated 1109:1117 arg1 mapping 1182:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping 1137:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1137:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 11 theme automated 1109:1117 arg1 throughput 1125:1134 an automated, high throughput 1106:1134 throughput 1125:1134 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 3 12 theme structural 559:568 arg1 features 570:577 many structural features 554:577 many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue 554:669 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 4 13 theme comprehensive 936:948 arg1 analysis 983:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis 936:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans 936:1015 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 14 theme high 1120:1123 arg1 mapping 1182:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping 1137:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1137:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 14 theme high 1120:1123 arg1 throughput 1125:1134 an automated, high throughput 1106:1134 throughput 1125:1134 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 15 dep homes 850:854 arg1 identifying 862:872 identifying 862:872 identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans 862:1015 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 7 16 theme sensible 1629:1636 arg1 count 1647:1651 a sensible spectral count 1627:1651 a sensible spectral count 1627:1651 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 4 17 theme sialyl 895:900 arg1 glycotopes 922:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 10 18 theme chains 2233:2238 arg1 variants 2179:2186 variants 2179:2186 variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2179:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 3 19 theme malignant 764:772 arg1 transformation 774:787 malignant transformation 764:787 malignant transformation 764:787 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 8 20 theme analytical 1808:1817 arg1 approach 1819:1826 such an analytical approach 1800:1826 such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching 1800:1966 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 1 21 theme intrinsic 146:154 arg1 nature 156:161 The intrinsic nature 142:161 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), 142:305 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 10 22 theme LC-MS/MS 2305:2312 arg1 analysis 2314:2321 any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis 2288:2321 any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis 2288:2321 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 4 23 theme permethylated 995:1007 arg1 glycans 1009:1015 permethylated glycans 995:1015 permethylated glycans 995:1015 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 1 24 theme mass 350:353 arg1 MS 369:370 MS 369:370 MS 369:370 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 1 24 theme mass 350:353 arg1 spectrometry 355:366 mass spectrometry 350:366 mass spectrometry (MS) 350:371 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 7 25 theme Fusion 1600:1605 arg1 system 1610:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 8 26 dep allow 1934:1938 arg1 compatible 1896:1905 compatible 1896:1905 compatible 1896:1905 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 9 27 attach derived 2099:2105 arg1 brain 2118:2122 mouse brain 2112:2122 mouse brain 2112:2122 We further show how this workflow is particularly effective when applied to larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain. 29066631 9 27 attach derived 2099:2105 arg2 N-glycans 2089:2097 larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans 2045:2097 larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain 2045:2122 We further show how this workflow is particularly effective when applied to larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain. 29066631 0 28 theme Dependent-MS3 93:105 arg1 Analysis 107:114 nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis 74:114 nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 74:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 8 29 theme acidic 1847:1852 arg1 C18 1868:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 7 30 theme top-notch 1581:1589 arg1 system 1610:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 4 31 theme dependent 969:977 arg1 analysis 983:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis 936:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans 936:1015 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 8 32 theme phase 1862:1866 arg1 C18 1868:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 10 33 theme fucosylated 2191:2201 arg1 chains 2233:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 5 34 theme possible 1350:1357 arg1 identities 1368:1377 their possible isomeric identities 1344:1377 their possible isomeric identities 1344:1377 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 0 35 theme Glycans 133:139 arg1 Analysis 107:114 nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis 74:114 nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 74:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 1 36 theme glycomic 379:386 arg1 mapping 388:394 -based glycomic mapping 372:394 -based glycomic mapping 372:394 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 0 37 theme Glycomics 46:54 arg1 Workflow 56:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow 10:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 10:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 8 38 theme nanoLC 1872:1877 arg1 conditions 1879:1888 nanoLC conditions 1872:1888 nanoLC conditions 1872:1888 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 2 39 theme single 454:459 arg1 entity 470:475 every single glycomic entity 448:475 every single glycomic entity 448:475 It is arguable that whether one needs to delineate every single glycomic entity, which may be counterproductive. 29066631 8 40 with compatible 1896:1905 arg1 analysis 1922:1929 proteomic analysis 1912:1929 proteomic analysis 1912:1929 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 7 41 theme glycome-wide 1687:1698 arg1 quantification 1710:1723 glycome-wide glycotope quantification 1687:1723 glycome-wide glycotope quantification 1687:1723 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 9 42 theme mouse 2112:2116 arg1 brain 2118:2122 mouse brain 2112:2122 mouse brain 2112:2122 We further show how this workflow is particularly effective when applied to larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain. 29066631 5 43 theme glycotopes 1324:1333 arg1 presence 1303:1310 the presence 1299:1310 the presence of specific glycotopes 1299:1333 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 0 44 theme High 12:15 arg1 Workflow 56:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow 10:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 10:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 6 45 theme associated 1422:1431 arg1 data 1437:1440 associated MS3 data 1422:1440 associated MS3 data 1422:1440 Both MS2 and associated MS3 data can be acquired exhaustively and processed automatically by GlyPick. 29066631 0 46 theme Glycotope-centric 28:44 arg1 Workflow 56:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow 10:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 10:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 4 47 theme strategy 836:843 arg1 line 817:820 this line 812:820 this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 812:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 1 48 with termination 233:243 arg1 range 260:264 a diverse range 250:264 a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes) 250:304 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 1 49 with elongation 218:227 arg1 range 260:264 a diverse range 250:264 a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes) 250:304 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 9 50 theme larger 2045:2050 arg1 N-glycans 2089:2097 larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans 2045:2097 larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain 2045:2122 We further show how this workflow is particularly effective when applied to larger, multiply sialylated and fucosylated N-glycans derived from mouse brain. 29066631 1 51 theme diverse 252:258 arg1 range 260:264 a diverse range 250:264 a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes) 250:304 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 7 52 theme high 1515:1518 arg1 speed 1532:1536 The high acquisition speed 1511:1536 The high acquisition speed 1511:1536 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 10 53 theme glycotopes 2158:2167 arg1 complexity 2129:2138 The complexity 2125:2138 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2125:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 1 54 theme glyco-epitopes 278:291 arg1 range 260:264 a diverse range 250:264 a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes) 250:304 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 4 55 theme terminal 878:885 arg1 glycotopes 922:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 56 theme semi-quantitative 1137:1153 arg1 mapping 1182:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping 1137:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1137:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 56 theme semi-quantitative 1137:1153 arg1 throughput 1125:1134 an automated, high throughput 1106:1134 throughput 1125:1134 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 57 theme glycomic 1173:1180 arg1 mapping 1182:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping 1137:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1137:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 57 theme glycomic 1173:1180 arg1 throughput 1125:1134 an automated, high throughput 1106:1134 throughput 1125:1134 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 8 58 theme hassle-free 1946:1956 arg1 switching 1958:1966 rapid hassle-free switching 1940:1966 rapid hassle-free switching 1940:1966 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 8 59 theme technical 1745:1753 arg1 reproducibility 1764:1778 reproducibility 1764:1778 reproducibility 1764:1778 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 8 59 theme technical 1745:1753 arg1 aspects 1755:1761 the technical aspects 1741:1761 the technical aspects 1741:1761 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 8 59 theme technical 1745:1753 arg1 optimization 1784:1795 optimization 1784:1795 optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching 1784:1966 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 1 60 theme stepwise 209:216 arg1 elongation 218:227 stepwise elongation 209:227 stepwise elongation 209:227 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 1 60 theme stepwise 209:216 arg1 glycosylation 166:178 glycosylation 166:178 glycosylation 166:178 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 4 61 with conjunction 1021:1031 arg1 development 1038:1048 development 1038:1048 development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1038:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 3 62 theme many 554:557 arg1 features 570:577 many structural features 554:577 many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue 554:669 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 7 63 theme spectral 1638:1645 arg1 count 1647:1651 a sensible spectral count 1627:1651 a sensible spectral count 1627:1651 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 4 64 theme fucosylated 910:920 arg1 glycotopes 922:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 10 65 theme disialylated 2207:2218 arg1 chains 2233:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 4 66 gly fucosylated 910:920 arg1 glycotopes 922:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes 874:931 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 10 67 theme 2 2231:2231 arg1 chains 2233:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 3 68 theme glycomic 626:633 arg1 characteristics 635:649 the glycomic characteristics 622:649 the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue 622:669 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 3 69 dep identifying 539:549 arg1 change 690:695 change 690:695 may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation 686:787 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 7 70 theme MS 1607:1608 arg1 system 1610:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 4 71 theme amenable 1190:1197 arg1 mapping 1182:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping 1137:1188 semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1137:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 4 71 theme amenable 1190:1197 arg1 throughput 1125:1134 an automated, high throughput 1106:1134 throughput 1125:1134 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 10 72 theme type 2220:2223 arg1 chains 2233:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 0 73 theme nanoLC-MS2-product 74:91 arg1 Analysis 107:114 nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis 74:114 nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 74:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 8 74 theme approach 1819:1826 arg1 reproducibility 1764:1778 reproducibility 1764:1778 reproducibility 1764:1778 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 8 74 theme approach 1819:1826 arg1 aspects 1755:1761 the technical aspects 1741:1761 the technical aspects 1741:1761 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 8 74 theme approach 1819:1826 arg1 optimization 1784:1795 optimization 1784:1795 optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching 1784:1966 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 1 75 theme glycosylation 166:178 arg1 nature 156:161 The intrinsic nature 142:161 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), 142:305 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 7 76 theme Orbitrap 1591:1598 arg1 system 1610:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system 1581:1615 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 4 77 theme even 1202:1205 arg1 nonexperts 1207:1216 even nonexperts 1202:1216 even nonexperts 1202:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 5 78 theme diagnostic 1252:1261 arg1 ions 1267:1270 diagnostic MS2 ions 1252:1270 diagnostic MS2 ions 1252:1270 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 1 79 theme spectrometry 355:366 arg1 cases 341:345 most cases 336:345 most cases of mass spectrometry (MS) 336:371 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 4 80 theme glycans 1009:1015 arg1 analysis 983:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis 936:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans 936:1015 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 10 81 theme conventional 2292:2303 arg1 analysis 2314:2321 any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis 2288:2321 any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis 2288:2321 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 0 82 theme Permethylated 119:131 arg1 Glycans 133:139 Permethylated Glycans 119:139 Permethylated Glycans 119:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 8 83 theme same 1842:1845 arg1 C18 1868:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 1 84 theme -based 372:377 arg1 mapping 388:394 -based glycomic mapping 372:394 -based glycomic mapping 372:394 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 8 85 theme reverse 1854:1860 arg1 C18 1868:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 the same acidic reverse phase C18 1838:1870 We report here the technical aspects, reproducibility and optimization of such an analytical approach that uses the same acidic reverse phase C18 nanoLC conditions fully compatible with proteomic analysis to allow rapid hassle-free switching. 29066631 4 86 theme MS3 979:981 arg1 analysis 983:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis 936:990 comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans 936:1015 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 5 87 theme isomeric 1359:1366 arg1 identities 1368:1377 their possible isomeric identities 1344:1377 their possible isomeric identities 1344:1377 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 5 88 theme specific 1315:1322 arg1 glycotopes 1324:1333 specific glycotopes 1315:1333 specific glycotopes 1315:1333 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 0 89 theme Throughput 17:26 arg1 Workflow 56:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow 10:63 a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans 10:139 Advancing a High Throughput Glycotope-centric Glycomics Workflow Based on nanoLC-MS2-product Dependent-MS3 Analysis of Permethylated Glycans. 29066631 7 90 theme glycotope 1700:1708 arg1 quantification 1710:1723 glycome-wide glycotope quantification 1687:1723 glycome-wide glycotope quantification 1687:1723 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 4 91 theme data 1055:1058 arg1 development 1038:1048 development 1038:1048 development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts 1038:1216 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 3 92 theme cell 656:659 arg1 characteristics 635:649 the glycomic characteristics 622:649 the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue 622:669 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 6 93 theme MS3 1433:1435 arg1 data 1437:1440 associated MS3 data 1422:1440 associated MS3 data 1422:1440 Both MS2 and associated MS3 data can be acquired exhaustively and processed automatically by GlyPick. 29066631 7 94 theme mass 1555:1558 arg1 accuracy 1560:1567 mass accuracy 1555:1567 mass accuracy 1555:1567 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 10 95 gly disialylated 2207:2218 arg1 chains 2233:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 5 96 theme MS3 1398:1400 arg1 level 1402:1406 MS3 level 1398:1406 MS3 level 1398:1406 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 1 97 theme most 336:339 arg1 cases 341:345 most cases 336:345 most cases of mass spectrometry (MS) 336:371 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 2 98 theme glycomic 461:468 arg1 entity 470:475 every single glycomic entity 448:475 every single glycomic entity 448:475 It is arguable that whether one needs to delineate every single glycomic entity, which may be counterproductive. 29066631 10 99 gly fucosylated 2191:2201 arg1 chains 2233:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains 2191:2238 The complexity of their terminal glycotopes including variants of fucosylated and disialylated type 1 and 2 chains would otherwise not be adequately delineated by any conventional LC-MS/MS analysis. 29066631 4 100 theme analytical 825:834 arg1 strategy 836:843 analytical strategy 825:843 analytical strategy 825:843 We have been pursuing this line of analytical strategy that homes in on identifying the terminal sulfo-, sialyl, and/or fucosylated glycotopes by comprehensive nanoLC-MS2-product dependent MS3 analysis of permethylated glycans, in conjunction with development of a data mining computational tool, GlyPick, to enable an automated, high throughput, semi-quantitative glycotope-centric glycomic mapping amenable to even nonexperts. 29066631 3 101 dep development 728:738 arg1 response 700:707 response 700:707 response 700:707 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 3 102 theme tissue 664:669 arg1 characteristics 635:649 the glycomic characteristics 622:649 the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue 622:669 Instead, one should focus on identifying as many structural features as possible that would collectively define the glycomic characteristics of a cell or tissue, and how these may change in response to self-programmed development, immuno-activation, and malignant transformation. 29066631 5 103 theme MS2 1263:1265 arg1 ions 1267:1270 diagnostic MS2 ions 1252:1270 diagnostic MS2 ions 1252:1270 We demonstrate in this work that diagnostic MS2 ions can be relied on to inform the presence of specific glycotopes, whereas their possible isomeric identities can be resolved at MS3 level. 29066631 7 104 theme acquisition 1520:1530 arg1 speed 1532:1536 The high acquisition speed 1511:1536 The high acquisition speed 1511:1536 The high acquisition speed, resolution, and mass accuracy afforded by top-notch Orbitrap Fusion MS system now allow a sensible spectral count and/or summed ion intensity-based glycome-wide glycotope quantification. 29066631 1 105 theme isomeric 269:276 arg1 glycotopes 294:303 glycotopes 294:303 glycotopes 294:303 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 29066631 1 105 theme isomeric 269:276 arg1 glyco-epitopes 278:291 isomeric glyco-epitopes 269:291 isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes) 269:304 The intrinsic nature of glycosylation, namely nontemplate encoded, stepwise elongation and termination with a diverse range of isomeric glyco-epitopes (glycotopes), translates into ambiguity in most cases of mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic mapping. 27229623 3 0 theme weighted 422:429 arg1 analysis 451:458 weighted correlation network analysis 422:458 weighted correlation network analysis 422:458 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 6 1 theme Core 948:951 arg1 " 992:992 a "safety switch" 976:992 a "safety switch" reducing ADCC 976:1006 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 6 1 theme Core 948:951 arg1 fucosylation 953:964 Core fucosylation 948:964 Core fucosylation of IgG 948:971 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 0 2 theme Glycome 61:67 arg1 Pain 33:36 Pain 33:36 Pain 33:36 The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome. 27229623 0 2 theme Glycome 61:67 arg1 Composition 42:52 Composition 42:52 Composition 42:52 The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome. 27229623 4 3 from different 724:732 arg1 twins 749:753 monozygotic twins 737:753 monozygotic twins discordant for LBP 737:772 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 3 4 theme correlation 431:441 arg1 analysis 451:458 weighted correlation network analysis 422:458 weighted correlation network analysis 422:458 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 8 5 theme complex 1279:1285 arg1 pathophysiology 1287:1301 the complex pathophysiology 1275:1301 the complex pathophysiology of LBP 1275:1308 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 8 6 theme glycan 1322:1327 arg1 levels 1329:1334 glycan levels 1322:1334 glycan levels 1322:1334 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 8 6 theme glycan 1322:1327 arg1 biomarker 1350:1358 a possible biomarker 1339:1358 a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP 1339:1399 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 2 7 theme twins 293:297 arg1 sample 278:283 a sample 276:283 a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels 276:413 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 5 8 theme disorders 837:845 arg1 prevalence 801:810 higher prevalence 794:810 higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders 794:845 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 5 9 theme glycans 897:903 arg1 level 876:880 low level 872:880 low level of fucosylated glycans 872:903 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 5 9 theme glycans 897:903 arg1 level 914:918 high level 909:918 high level of non-fucosylated glycans 909:945 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 3 10 theme LBP 498:500 arg1 modules 513:519 LBP and glycan modules 498:519 LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 498:621 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 6 11 theme LBP 1105:1107 arg1 pathogenesis 1089:1100 pathogenesis 1089:1100 pathogenesis of LBP 1089:1107 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 5 12 theme high 909:912 arg1 level 914:918 high level 909:918 high level of non-fucosylated glycans 909:945 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 4 13 theme traits 650:655 arg1 levels 628:633 The levels 624:633 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules 624:689 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 4 13 theme traits 650:655 arg1 different 724:732 different 724:732 different 724:732 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 4 14 theme glycan 643:648 arg1 traits 650:655 four glycan traits 638:655 four glycan traits representing two of those modules 638:689 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 6 15 theme safety 979:984 arg1 fucosylation 953:964 Core fucosylation 948:964 Core fucosylation of IgG 948:971 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 6 15 theme safety 979:984 arg1 " 992:992 a "safety switch" 976:992 a "safety switch" reducing ADCC 976:1006 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 5 16 theme higher 794:799 arg1 prevalence 801:810 higher prevalence 794:810 higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders 794:845 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 5 17 gly fucosylated 885:895 arg1 glycans 897:903 fucosylated glycans 885:903 fucosylated glycans 885:903 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 7 18 theme LDD 1218:1220 arg1 part 1210:1213 a part 1208:1213 a part of LDD 1208:1220 No correlation between LDD scores and glycans was found assuming that the inflammation may not be a part of LDD. 27229623 7 18 theme LDD 1218:1220 arg1 inflammation 1184:1195 the inflammation 1180:1195 the inflammation 1180:1195 No correlation between LDD scores and glycans was found assuming that the inflammation may not be a part of LDD. 27229623 2 19 theme associations 223:234 arg1 analysis 211:218 a first so far analysis 196:218 a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome 196:271 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 20 theme IgG-glycan 397:406 arg1 levels 408:413 IgG-glycan levels 397:413 IgG-glycan levels 397:413 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 1 21 theme Low 70:72 arg1 condition 115:123 a common debilitating condition 93:123 a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood 93:178 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 1 21 theme Low 70:72 arg1 LBP 85:87 LBP 85:87 LBP 85:87 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 1 21 theme Low 70:72 arg1 pain 79:82 Low back pain 70:82 Low back pain (LBP) 70:88 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 5 22 with twins 861:865 arg1 level 876:880 low level 872:880 low level of fucosylated glycans 872:903 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 5 22 with twins 861:865 arg1 level 914:918 high level 909:918 high level of non-fucosylated glycans 909:945 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 2 23 from database 312:319 arg1 sample 278:283 a sample 276:283 a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels 276:413 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 6 24 theme inflammation 1073:1084 arg1 involvement 1038:1048 the involvement 1034:1048 the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP 1034:1107 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 5 25 theme systemic 815:822 arg1 disorders 837:845 systemic inflammatory disorders 815:845 systemic inflammatory disorders 815:845 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 0 26 theme Low 24:26 arg1 Pain 33:36 Pain 33:36 Pain 33:36 The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome. 27229623 5 27 theme low 872:874 arg1 level 876:880 low level 872:880 low level of fucosylated glycans 872:903 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 2 28 theme IgG 259:261 arg1 N-glycome 263:271 plasma IgG N-glycome 252:271 plasma IgG N-glycome 252:271 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 8 29 theme LBP 1306:1308 arg1 pathophysiology 1287:1301 the complex pathophysiology 1275:1301 the complex pathophysiology of LBP 1275:1308 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 6 30 theme switch 986:991 arg1 fucosylation 953:964 Core fucosylation 948:964 Core fucosylation of IgG 948:971 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 6 30 theme switch 986:991 arg1 " 992:992 a "safety switch" 976:992 a "safety switch" reducing ADCC 976:1006 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 6 31 dep " 992:992 arg1 suggest 1026:1032 suggest 1026:1032 suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP 1026:1107 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 3 32 theme antibody-dependent 570:587 arg1 ADCC 617:620 ADCC 617:620 ADCC 617:620 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 3 32 theme antibody-dependent 570:587 arg1 cytotoxicity 603:614 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 570:614 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 570:621 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 2 33 theme plasma 252:257 arg1 N-glycome 263:271 plasma IgG N-glycome 252:271 plasma IgG N-glycome 252:271 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 1 34 theme common 95:100 arg1 pain 79:82 Low back pain 70:82 Low back pain (LBP) 70:88 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 1 34 theme common 95:100 arg1 condition 115:123 a common debilitating condition 93:123 a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood 93:178 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 3 35 theme cell-mediated 589:601 arg1 ADCC 617:620 ADCC 617:620 ADCC 617:620 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 3 35 theme cell-mediated 589:601 arg1 cytotoxicity 603:614 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 570:614 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 570:621 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 2 36 theme first 198:202 arg1 analysis 211:218 a first so far analysis 196:218 a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome 196:271 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 37 theme disc 346:349 arg1 LDD 365:367 LDD 365:367 LDD 365:367 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 37 theme disc 346:349 arg1 degeneration 351:362 lumbar disc degeneration 339:362 lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause 339:390 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 5 38 gly non-fucosylated 923:937 arg1 glycans 939:945 non-fucosylated glycans 923:945 non-fucosylated glycans 923:945 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 8 39 theme inflammation-related 1364:1383 arg1 subtypes 1385:1392 inflammation-related subtypes 1364:1392 inflammation-related subtypes of LBP 1364:1399 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 6 40 from involvement 1038:1048 arg1 pathogenesis 1089:1100 pathogenesis 1089:1100 pathogenesis of LBP 1089:1107 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 2 41 theme lumbar 339:344 arg1 LDD 365:367 LDD 365:367 LDD 365:367 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 41 theme lumbar 339:344 arg1 degeneration 351:362 lumbar disc degeneration 339:362 lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause 339:390 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 5 42 theme inflammatory 824:835 arg1 disorders 837:845 systemic inflammatory disorders 815:845 systemic inflammatory disorders 815:845 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 8 43 theme new 1244:1246 arg1 insight 1248:1254 a new insight 1242:1254 a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP 1242:1308 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 3 44 theme glycan 506:511 arg1 modules 513:519 LBP and glycan modules 498:519 LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 498:621 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 2 45 theme 4511 288:291 arg1 twins 293:297 4511 twins 288:297 4511 twins 288:297 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 46 theme possible 377:384 arg1 cause 386:390 its possible cause 373:390 its possible cause 373:390 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 6 47 theme associated 1062:1071 arg1 inflammation 1073:1084 associated inflammation 1062:1084 associated inflammation 1062:1084 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 8 48 theme possible 1341:1348 arg1 levels 1329:1334 glycan levels 1322:1334 glycan levels 1322:1334 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 8 48 theme possible 1341:1348 arg1 biomarker 1350:1358 a possible biomarker 1339:1358 a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP 1339:1399 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 5 49 theme non-fucosylated 923:937 arg1 glycans 939:945 non-fucosylated glycans 923:945 non-fucosylated glycans 923:945 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 4 50 theme monozygotic 737:747 arg1 twins 749:753 monozygotic twins 737:753 monozygotic twins discordant for LBP 737:772 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 4 51 theme modules 683:689 arg1 two 670:672 two 670:672 two 670:672 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 4 51 theme modules 683:689 arg1 modules 683:689 those modules 677:689 those modules 677:689 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 2 52 contain carried 184:190 arg3 sample 278:283 a sample 276:283 a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels 276:413 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 52 contain carried 184:190 arg2 analysis 211:218 a first so far analysis 196:218 a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome 196:271 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 2 52 contain carried 184:190 arg1 We 181:182 We 181:182 We 181:182 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 5 53 theme glycans 939:945 arg1 level 876:880 low level 872:880 low level of fucosylated glycans 872:903 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 5 53 theme glycans 939:945 arg1 level 914:918 high level 909:918 high level of non-fucosylated glycans 909:945 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 5 54 theme fucosylated 885:895 arg1 glycans 897:903 fucosylated glycans 885:903 fucosylated glycans 885:903 Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. 27229623 1 55 theme debilitating 102:113 arg1 pain 79:82 Low back pain 70:82 Low back pain (LBP) 70:88 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 1 55 theme debilitating 102:113 arg1 condition 115:123 a common debilitating condition 93:123 a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood 93:178 Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. 27229623 6 56 theme ADCC 1053:1056 arg1 involvement 1038:1048 the involvement 1034:1048 the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP 1034:1107 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 6 57 theme IgG 969:971 arg1 " 992:992 a "safety switch" 976:992 a "safety switch" reducing ADCC 976:1006 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 6 57 theme IgG 969:971 arg1 fucosylation 953:964 Core fucosylation 948:964 Core fucosylation of IgG 948:971 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 0 58 theme IgG 57:59 arg1 Glycome 61:67 IgG Glycome 57:67 IgG Glycome 57:67 The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome. 27229623 8 59 theme LBP 1397:1399 arg1 subtypes 1385:1392 inflammation-related subtypes 1364:1392 inflammation-related subtypes of LBP 1364:1399 These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP. 27229623 4 60 theme discordant 755:764 arg1 twins 749:753 monozygotic twins 737:753 monozygotic twins discordant for LBP 737:772 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 4 61 from twins 749:753 arg1 levels 628:633 The levels 624:633 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules 624:689 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 4 61 from twins 749:753 arg1 different 724:732 different 724:732 different 724:732 The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. 27229623 3 62 theme network 443:449 arg1 analysis 451:458 weighted correlation network analysis 422:458 weighted correlation network analysis 422:458 Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27229623 6 63 gly fucosylation 953:964 arg1 IgG 969:971 IgG 969:971 IgG 969:971 Core fucosylation of IgG is a "safety switch" reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. 27229623 2 64 theme TwinsUK 304:310 arg1 database 312:319 TwinsUK database 304:319 TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels 304:413 We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. 27229623 7 65 theme LDD 1133:1135 arg1 scores 1137:1142 LDD scores 1133:1142 LDD scores 1133:1142 No correlation between LDD scores and glycans was found assuming that the inflammation may not be a part of LDD. 24526361 2 0 theme N- 358:359 arg1 structures 344:353 the structures 340:353 the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast 340:404 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 3 1 link O-linked 474:481 arg1 structures 490:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures 458:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris 458:520 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 3 1 link O-linked 474:481 arg1 polymers 536:543 polymers 536:543 polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues 536:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 7 2 from utility 1274:1280 arg1 bean 1321:1324 Jack bean 1316:1324 Jack bean 1316:1324 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 6 3 theme expression 1223:1232 arg1 system 1234:1239 this expression system 1218:1239 this expression system 1218:1239 Here we screen a library of α-mannosidases for their ability to decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on glycoproteins secreted from this expression system. 24526361 9 4 theme commercial 1727:1736 arg1 products 1738:1745 commercial products 1727:1745 commercial products produced in other similar expression systems 1727:1790 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 2 5 from structures 344:353 arg1 yeast 400:404 yeast 400:404 yeast 400:404 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 5 6 from β-mannose 1020:1028 arg1 glycans 1042:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 5 7 theme N-linked 896:903 arg1 pathway 919:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway 892:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris 892:940 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 5 8 link O-linked 1033:1040 arg1 glycans 1042:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 0 9 link O-linked 39:46 arg1 mannose 48:54 O-linked mannose 39:54 O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins 39:80 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 7 10 theme intact 1456:1461 arg1 glycoproteins 1463:1475 intact glycoproteins 1456:1475 intact glycoproteins 1456:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 6 11 gly glycoproteins 1190:1202 arg1 glycoproteins 1190:1202 glycoproteins 1190:1202 glycoproteins secreted from this expression system 1190:1239 Here we screen a library of α-mannosidases for their ability to decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on glycoproteins secreted from this expression system. 24526361 3 12 theme residues 586:593 arg1 structures 490:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures 458:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris 458:520 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 3 12 theme residues 586:593 arg1 polymers 536:543 polymers 536:543 polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues 536:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 7 13 from bean 1321:1324 arg1 utility 1274:1280 the utility 1270:1280 the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins 1270:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 7 13 from bean 1321:1324 arg1 α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase 1289:1309 the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase 1285:1309 the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean 1285:1324 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 6 14 theme O-mannosylation 1171:1185 arg1 extent 1161:1166 the extent 1157:1166 the extent of O-mannosylation on glycoproteins secreted from this expression system 1157:1239 Here we screen a library of α-mannosidases for their ability to decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on glycoproteins secreted from this expression system. 24526361 3 15 theme α-linked 569:576 arg1 residues 586:593 between one and four α-linked mannose residues 548:593 between one and four α-linked mannose residues 548:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 9 16 theme similar 1765:1771 arg1 systems 1784:1790 other similar expression systems 1759:1790 other similar expression systems 1759:1790 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 0 17 from glycoproteins 68:80 arg1 mannose 48:54 O-linked mannose 39:54 O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins 39:80 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 7 18 theme Man-α-O-Ser/Thr 1421:1435 arg1 bond 1448:1451 the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond 1417:1451 the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins 1417:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 4 19 gly mannosylation 698:710 arg1 proteins 727:734 recombinant proteins 715:734 recombinant proteins 715:734 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 5 20 theme recombinant 947:957 arg1 proteins 959:966 the recombinant proteins 943:966 the recombinant proteins expressed in this system 943:991 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 5 20 theme recombinant 947:957 arg1 devoid 997:1002 devoid 997:1002 devoid 997:1002 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 7 21 from bond 1448:1451 arg1 glycoproteins 1463:1475 intact glycoproteins 1456:1475 intact glycoproteins 1456:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 9 22 from extent 1698:1703 arg1 products 1738:1745 commercial products 1727:1745 commercial products produced in other similar expression systems 1727:1790 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 8 23 theme first 1509:1513 arg1 time 1515:1518 the first time 1505:1518 the first time 1505:1518 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 1 24 theme attractive 130:139 arg1 system 152:157 an attractive expression system 127:157 an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 127:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 24 theme attractive 130:139 arg1 pastoris 115:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 3 25 theme glycans 613:619 arg1 subset 603:608 a subset 601:608 a subset of glycans 601:619 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 4 26 theme recombinant 715:725 arg1 proteins 727:734 recombinant proteins 715:734 recombinant proteins 715:734 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 1 27 theme heterologous 163:174 arg1 production 184:193 heterologous protein production 163:193 heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 163:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 8 28 theme O-linked 1541:1548 arg1 glycosylation 1550:1562 O-linked glycosylation 1541:1562 O-linked glycosylation 1541:1562 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 0 29 theme In 0:1 arg1 treatment 19:27 In vitro enzymatic treatment 0:27 In vitro enzymatic treatment 0:27 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 5 30 link N-linked 896:903 arg1 pathway 919:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway 892:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris 892:940 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 4 31 from factor 756:761 arg1 immunomodulation 766:781 immunomodulation 766:781 immunomodulation 766:781 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 1 32 theme methylotrophic 87:100 arg1 system 152:157 an attractive expression system 127:157 an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 127:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 32 theme methylotrophic 87:100 arg1 pastoris 115:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 7 33 theme O-linked 1356:1363 arg1 chains 1373:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 3 34 theme O-linked 474:481 arg1 structures 490:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures 458:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris 458:520 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 3 34 theme O-linked 474:481 arg1 polymers 536:543 polymers 536:543 polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues 536:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 0 35 theme enzymatic 9:17 arg1 treatment 19:27 In vitro enzymatic treatment 0:27 In vitro enzymatic treatment 0:27 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 1 36 theme Pichia 108:113 arg1 system 152:157 an attractive expression system 127:157 an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 127:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 36 theme Pichia 108:113 arg1 pastoris 115:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 37 theme expression 141:150 arg1 system 152:157 an attractive expression system 127:157 an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 127:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 37 theme expression 141:150 arg1 pastoris 115:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 38 theme recombinant 310:320 arg1 protein 322:328 recombinant protein 310:328 recombinant protein 310:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 0 39 theme O-linked 39:46 arg1 mannose 48:54 O-linked mannose 39:54 O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins 39:80 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 5 40 theme α-mannose 1064:1072 arg1 polymers 1074:1081 only α-mannose polymers 1059:1081 only α-mannose polymers 1059:1081 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 8 41 link O-linked 1541:1548 arg1 glycosylation 1550:1562 O-linked glycosylation 1541:1562 O-linked glycosylation 1541:1562 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 1 42 theme posttranslational 225:241 arg1 glycosylation 266:278 glycosylation 266:278 glycosylation 266:278 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 42 theme posttranslational 225:241 arg1 modifications 243:255 posttranslational modifications 225:255 posttranslational modifications 225:255 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 3 43 theme phosphomannose 669:682 arg1 residue 684:690 a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue 637:690 residue 684:690 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 4 44 theme enhanced 838:845 arg1 responses 854:862 enhanced immune responses 838:862 enhanced immune responses 838:862 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 2 45 theme oligosaccharide 374:388 arg1 chains 390:395 O-linked oligosaccharide chains 365:395 O-linked oligosaccharide chains 365:395 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 0 46 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 6 47 theme α-mannosidases 1112:1125 arg1 library 1101:1107 a library 1099:1107 a library of α-mannosidases 1099:1125 Here we screen a library of α-mannosidases for their ability to decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on glycoproteins secreted from this expression system. 24526361 9 48 theme O-mannosylation 1708:1722 arg1 extent 1698:1703 the extent 1694:1703 the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems 1694:1790 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 8 49 gly glycoproteins 1576:1588 arg1 glycoproteins 1576:1588 intact glycoproteins 1569:1588 intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris 1569:1613 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 8 50 attach remove 1534:1539 arg2 strategy 1522:1529 a strategy 1520:1529 a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris 1520:1613 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 8 50 attach remove 1534:1539 arg1 glycoproteins 1576:1588 intact glycoproteins 1569:1588 intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris 1569:1613 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 1 51 theme protein 176:182 arg1 production 184:193 heterologous protein production 163:193 heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 163:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 7 52 link O-linked 1356:1363 arg1 chains 1373:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 2 53 link O-linked 365:372 arg1 chains 390:395 O-linked oligosaccharide chains 365:395 O-linked oligosaccharide chains 365:395 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 3 54 theme mannose 578:584 arg1 residues 586:593 between one and four α-linked mannose residues 548:593 between one and four α-linked mannose residues 548:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 5 55 theme glycosylation 905:917 arg1 pathway 919:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway 892:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris 892:940 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 9 56 theme other 1759:1763 arg1 systems 1784:1790 other similar expression systems 1759:1790 other similar expression systems 1759:1790 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 9 57 theme expression 1773:1782 arg1 systems 1784:1790 other similar expression systems 1759:1790 other similar expression systems 1759:1790 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 7 58 theme glycosidic 1437:1446 arg1 bond 1448:1451 the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond 1417:1451 the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins 1417:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 4 59 theme proteins 727:734 arg1 mannosylation 698:710 Such mannosylation 693:710 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins 693:734 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 0 60 theme intact 61:66 arg1 glycoproteins 68:80 intact glycoproteins 61:80 intact glycoproteins 61:80 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 4 61 dep receptors 806:814 arg1 promoting 828:836 promoting 828:836 promoting enhanced immune responses 828:862 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 4 61 dep receptors 806:814 arg1 binding 816:822 binding 816:822 binding 816:822 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 3 62 link α-linked 569:576 arg1 residues 586:593 between one and four α-linked mannose residues 548:593 between one and four α-linked mannose residues 548:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 4 63 theme Such 693:696 arg1 mannosylation 698:710 Such mannosylation 693:710 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins 693:734 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 5 64 theme pastoris 933:940 arg1 pathway 919:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway 892:925 the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris 892:940 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 8 65 theme intact 1569:1574 arg1 glycoproteins 1576:1588 intact glycoproteins 1569:1588 intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris 1569:1613 As such, this presents for the first time a strategy to remove O-linked glycosylation from intact glycoproteins expressed in P. pastoris. 24526361 0 66 gly glycoproteins 68:80 arg1 glycoproteins 68:80 intact glycoproteins 61:80 intact glycoproteins 61:80 In vitro enzymatic treatment to remove O-linked mannose from intact glycoproteins. 24526361 7 67 theme mannose 1365:1371 arg1 chains 1373:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 4 68 theme mannose-specific 789:804 arg1 receptors 806:814 mannose-specific receptors 789:814 mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses 789:862 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 7 69 theme extended 1347:1354 arg1 chains 1373:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 extended O-linked mannose chains 1347:1378 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 4 70 theme key 752:754 arg1 factor 756:761 a key factor 750:761 a key factor in immunomodulation 750:781 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 2 71 theme chains 390:395 arg1 structures 344:353 the structures 340:353 the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast 340:404 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 1 72 theme large 293:297 arg1 amounts 299:305 large amounts 293:305 large amounts of recombinant protein 293:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 72 theme large 293:297 arg1 protein 322:328 recombinant protein 310:328 recombinant protein 310:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 73 theme yeast 102:106 arg1 system 152:157 an attractive expression system 127:157 an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein 127:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 73 theme yeast 102:106 arg1 pastoris 115:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris 83:122 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 2 74 theme mammalian 441:449 arg1 cells 451:455 mammalian cells 441:455 mammalian cells 441:455 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 5 75 theme phospho- 1007:1014 arg1 proteins 959:966 the recombinant proteins 943:966 the recombinant proteins expressed in this system 943:991 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 5 75 theme phospho- 1007:1014 arg1 devoid 997:1002 devoid 997:1002 devoid 997:1002 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 3 76 theme β-1,2-mannose 639:651 arg1 disaccharide 653:664 a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue 637:690 disaccharide 653:664 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 3 77 theme glycan 483:488 arg1 structures 490:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures 458:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris 458:520 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 3 77 theme glycan 483:488 arg1 polymers 536:543 polymers 536:543 polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues 536:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 4 78 theme immune 847:852 arg1 responses 854:862 enhanced immune responses 838:862 enhanced immune responses 838:862 Such mannosylation of recombinant proteins is considered a key factor in immunomodulation, with mannose-specific receptors binding and promoting enhanced immune responses. 24526361 3 79 theme common 467:472 arg1 structures 490:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures 458:499 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris 458:520 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 3 79 theme common 467:472 arg1 polymers 536:543 polymers 536:543 polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues 536:593 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 1 80 theme protein 322:328 arg1 amounts 299:305 large amounts 293:305 large amounts of recombinant protein 293:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 1 80 theme protein 322:328 arg1 protein 322:328 recombinant protein 310:328 recombinant protein 310:328 The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is an attractive expression system for heterologous protein production due to its ability to perform posttranslational modifications, such as glycosylation, and secrete large amounts of recombinant protein. 24526361 7 81 theme Jack 1316:1319 arg1 bean 1321:1324 Jack bean 1316:1324 Jack bean 1316:1324 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 6 82 from extent 1161:1166 arg1 glycoproteins 1190:1202 glycoproteins 1190:1202 glycoproteins secreted from this expression system 1190:1239 Here we screen a library of α-mannosidases for their ability to decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on glycoproteins secreted from this expression system. 24526361 3 83 theme P. 510:511 arg1 pastoris 513:520 P. pastoris 510:520 P. pastoris 510:520 The most common O-linked glycan structures added by P. pastoris are typically polymers of between one and four α-linked mannose residues, with a subset of glycans being capped by a β-1,2-mannose disaccharide or phosphomannose residue. 24526361 5 84 theme β-mannose 1020:1028 arg1 proteins 959:966 the recombinant proteins 943:966 the recombinant proteins expressed in this system 943:991 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 5 84 theme β-mannose 1020:1028 arg1 devoid 997:1002 devoid 997:1002 devoid 997:1002 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 9 85 used used 1663:1666 arg2 strategy 1647:1654 this strategy 1642:1654 this strategy 1642:1654 We additionally show that this strategy can be used to significantly decrease the extent of O-mannosylation on commercial products produced in other similar expression systems. 24526361 7 86 theme α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase 1289:1309 arg1 utility 1274:1280 the utility 1270:1280 the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins 1270:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 7 87 gly glycoproteins 1463:1475 arg1 glycoproteins 1463:1475 intact glycoproteins 1456:1475 intact glycoproteins 1456:1475 In doing so, we demonstrate the utility of the α-1,2/3/6-mannosidase from Jack bean in not only reducing extended O-linked mannose chains but also in specifically hydrolyzing the Man-α-O-Ser/Thr glycosidic bond on intact glycoproteins. 24526361 5 88 theme O-linked 1033:1040 arg1 glycans 1042:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24526361 2 89 theme O-linked 365:372 arg1 chains 390:395 O-linked oligosaccharide chains 365:395 O-linked oligosaccharide chains 365:395 However, the structures of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains in yeast differ significantly from those of mammalian cells. 24526361 5 90 from phospho- 1007:1014 arg1 glycans 1042:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 O-linked glycans 1033:1048 As a result of engineering the N-linked glycosylation pathway of P. pastoris, the recombinant proteins expressed in this system are devoid of phospho- and β-mannose on O-linked glycans, leaving only α-mannose polymers. 24607538 4 0 theme gene 823:826 arg1 cluster 828:834 The O-antigen gene cluster 809:834 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 809:849 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 has been sequenced. 24607538 4 1 theme O39 847:849 arg1 cluster 828:834 The O-antigen gene cluster 809:834 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 809:849 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 has been sequenced. 24607538 3 2 theme -α-L-Rhap- 689:698 arg1 -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 (1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino] 665:796 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 3 theme Escherichia 70:80 arg1 O39 87:89 Escherichia coli O39 70:89 Escherichia coli O39 70:89 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 4 theme 1-->2 666:670 arg1 -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 (1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino] 665:796 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 5 theme linkages 175:182 arg1 cleavage 152:159 selective cleavage 142:159 selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages 142:182 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 1 6 dep Escherichia 288:298 arg1 coli 300:303 coli 300:303 coli 300:303 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 2 7 with solvolysis 456:465 arg1 acid 498:501 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 472:501 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 472:501 In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. 24607538 0 8 theme O39 87:89 arg1 O-antigen 57:65 the O-antigen 53:65 the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39 53:89 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 1 9 theme Smith 357:361 arg1 degradation 363:373 Smith degradation 357:373 Smith degradation 357:373 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 5 10 from sequences 937:945 arg1 databases 964:972 the available databases 950:972 the available databases 950:972 The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. 24607538 5 11 with comparison 921:930 arg1 sequences 937:945 sequences 937:945 sequences in the available databases 937:972 The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. 24607538 5 12 with agreement 993:1001 arg1 structure 1029:1037 the O-polysaccharide structure 1008:1037 the O-polysaccharide structure 1008:1037 The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. 24607538 3 13 theme l-->4 683:687 arg1 -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 (1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino] 665:796 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 1 14 dep 1D 399:400 arg1 spectroscopy 413:424 NMR spectroscopy 409:424 NMR spectroscopy 409:424 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 1 15 theme mass 376:379 arg1 spectrometry 381:392 mass spectrometry 376:392 mass spectrometry 376:392 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 3 16 theme R3Hb 659:662 arg1 -d-glucose 797:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 5 17 theme gene 875:878 arg1 functions 880:888 The gene functions 871:888 The gene functions 871:888 The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. 24607538 4 18 theme E. 839:840 arg1 O39 847:849 E. coli O39 839:849 E. coli O39 839:849 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 has been sequenced. 24607538 0 19 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 20 theme -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 arg1 -d-glucose 797:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 21 dep Escherichia 70:80 arg1 coli 82:85 coli 82:85 coli 82:85 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 4 22 theme O-antigen 813:821 arg1 cluster 828:834 The O-antigen gene cluster 809:834 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 809:849 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 has been sequenced. 24607538 0 23 theme gene 26:29 arg1 annotation 39:48 gene cluster annotation 26:48 gene cluster annotation 26:48 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 1 24 theme Escherichia 288:298 arg1 O39 305:307 Escherichia coli O39 288:307 Escherichia coli O39 288:307 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 0 25 theme trifluoroacetic 117:131 arg1 acid 133:136 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 107:136 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 107:136 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 26 theme 1-->3 700:704 arg1 -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 (1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino] 665:796 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 27 theme anhydrous 107:115 arg1 acid 133:136 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 107:136 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 107:136 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 28 theme -β-D-Quip4N 647:657 arg1 -d-glucose 797:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 1 29 theme O39 305:307 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 266:283 the lipopolysaccharide 262:283 the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 262:307 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 5 30 theme available 954:962 arg1 databases 964:972 the available databases 950:972 the available databases 950:972 The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. 24607538 3 31 dep established 615:625 arg1 -d-glucose 797:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 32 theme cluster 31:37 arg1 annotation 39:48 gene cluster annotation 26:48 gene cluster annotation 26:48 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 0 33 theme acid 133:136 arg1 application 92:102 application 92:102 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 0:183 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 34 theme α--D-Galpl-->3-->3 628:645 arg1 -d-glucose 797:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 2 35 theme new 442:444 arg1 solvolysis 456:465 solvolysis 456:465 solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 456:501 In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. 24607538 2 35 theme new 442:444 arg1 approach 446:453 a new approach 440:453 a new approach 440:453 In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. 24607538 4 36 theme coli 842:845 arg1 O39 847:849 E. coli O39 839:849 E. coli O39 839:849 The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 has been sequenced. 24607538 2 37 theme anhydrous 472:480 arg1 acid 498:501 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 472:501 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 472:501 In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. 24607538 3 38 theme following 567:575 arg1 structure 577:585 The following structure 563:585 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide 563:609 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 39 theme selective 142:150 arg1 cleavage 152:159 selective cleavage 142:159 selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages 142:182 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 5 40 theme O-polysaccharide 1012:1027 arg1 structure 1029:1037 the O-polysaccharide structure 1008:1037 the O-polysaccharide structure 1008:1037 The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. 24607538 1 41 theme component 324:332 arg1 analyses 334:341 component analyses 324:341 component analyses 324:341 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 0 42 theme glycosidic 164:173 arg1 linkages 175:182 glycosidic linkages 164:182 glycosidic linkages 164:182 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 43 theme O-polysaccharide 594:609 arg1 structure 577:585 The following structure 563:585 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide 563:609 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 2 44 theme rhamnosidic 542:552 arg1 linkage 554:560 the rhamnosidic linkage 538:560 the rhamnosidic linkage 538:560 In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. 24607538 1 45 theme NMR 409:411 arg1 spectroscopy 413:424 NMR spectroscopy 409:424 NMR spectroscopy 409:424 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 1 46 attach isolated 248:255 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 266:283 the lipopolysaccharide 262:283 the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 262:307 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 1 46 attach isolated 248:255 arg2 O-antigen 203:211 O-antigen 203:211 O-antigen 203:211 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 1 46 attach isolated 248:255 arg2 O-Polysaccharide 185:200 O-Polysaccharide 185:200 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan 185:242 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 1 47 theme minor 231:235 arg1 mannan 237:242 a minor mannan 229:242 a minor mannan 229:242 O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 24607538 2 48 theme trifluoroacetic 482:496 arg1 acid 498:501 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 472:501 anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid 472:501 In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. 24607538 0 49 dep elucidation 10:20 arg1 application 92:102 application 92:102 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 0:183 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 50 dep -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 arg1 1--> 720:723 1--> 720:723 1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino 720:795 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 24607538 0 51 theme O-antigen 57:65 arg1 annotation 39:48 gene cluster annotation 26:48 gene cluster annotation 26:48 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 0 51 theme O-antigen 57:65 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O39; application of anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid for selective cleavage of glycosidic linkages. 24607538 3 52 theme -α-D-Manp- 672:681 arg1 -α-D-GlcpNAc- 706:718 (1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino] 665:796 α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose 628:806 The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. 26827872 6 0 theme change 993:998 arg1 patterns 981:988 discernable patterns 969:988 discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation 969:1054 RESULTS Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. 26827872 11 1 theme new 1710:1712 arg1 way 1714:1716 a new way 1708:1716 a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis 1708:1905 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 3 2 from patients 520:527 arg1 Plasma 499:504 METHODS Plasma 491:504 METHODS Plasma from 27 tumor patients 491:527 METHODS Plasma from 27 tumor patients was collected immediately before, after and for 6 months following ablation. 26827872 11 3 theme glycosylation 1748:1760 arg1 changes 1762:1768 glycosylation changes 1748:1768 glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies 1748:1799 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 7 4 theme IgG 1191:1193 arg1 glycans 1195:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 2 5 theme antibody 299:306 arg1 glycosylation 308:320 antibody glycosylation 299:320 antibody glycosylation 299:320 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 9 6 theme response 1500:1507 arg1 products 1466:1473 products 1466:1473 products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself 1466:1539 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 8 7 theme IgM 1255:1257 arg1 antibodies 1259:1268 IgM antibodies 1255:1268 IgM antibodies 1255:1268 In contrast, IgM antibodies did not follow the same pattern. 26827872 6 8 theme cancer 956:961 arg1 type 963:966 cancer type 956:966 cancer type 956:966 RESULTS Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. 26827872 2 9 dep IgG 287:289 arg1 glycosylation 308:320 antibody glycosylation 299:320 antibody glycosylation 299:320 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 12 10 dep Glycans 1958:1964 arg1 Lauc 2023:2026 Lauc 2023:2026 Lauc 2023:2026 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26827872 7 11 theme high 1163:1166 arg1 amount 1168:1173 unexpectedly high amount 1150:1173 unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans 1150:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 7 11 theme high 1163:1166 arg1 glycans 1195:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 4 12 theme use 646:648 arg1 chromatography 666:679 use high-throughput chromatography 646:679 use high-throughput chromatography 646:679 IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. 26827872 5 13 theme glycan 760:765 arg1 structures 767:776 glycan structures 760:776 glycan structures in each chromatography peak 760:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 5 14 from structures 767:776 arg1 peak 801:804 each chromatography peak 781:804 each chromatography peak 781:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 7 15 theme monitoring 1230:1239 arg1 period 1220:1225 the whole period 1210:1225 the whole period of monitoring 1210:1239 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 8 16 theme same 1289:1292 arg1 pattern 1294:1300 the same pattern 1285:1300 the same pattern 1285:1300 In contrast, IgM antibodies did not follow the same pattern. 26827872 6 17 theme successful 1013:1022 arg1 treatment 1024:1032 the successful treatment 1009:1032 the successful treatment of tumors 1009:1042 RESULTS Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. 26827872 11 18 theme methods 1827:1833 arg1 use 1853:1855 their future use 1840:1855 their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis 1840:1905 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 11 18 theme methods 1827:1833 arg1 use 1804:1806 use 1804:1806 use of high-throughput methods 1804:1833 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 7 19 theme cell 1106:1109 arg1 carcinoma 1111:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 5 20 from peak 801:804 arg1 identification 742:755 Thorough identification 733:755 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak 733:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 4 21 theme liquid 710:715 arg1 chromatography 717:730 hydrophilic liquid chromatography 698:730 hydrophilic liquid chromatography 698:730 IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. 26827872 0 22 theme image-guided 58:69 arg1 ablation 77:84 image-guided tumor ablation 58:84 image-guided tumor ablation 58:84 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation. 26827872 11 23 theme future 1846:1851 arg1 use 1853:1855 their future use 1840:1855 their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis 1840:1905 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 12 24 theme personalised 1969:1980 arg1 medicine 1982:1989 personalised medicine 1969:1989 personalised medicine" Guest Editor 1969:2003 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26827872 7 25 with patient 1081:1087 arg1 carcinoma 1111:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 7 25 with patient 1081:1087 arg1 outcome 1138:1144 poor disease outcome 1125:1144 poor disease outcome 1125:1144 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 5 26 from identification 742:755 arg1 peak 801:804 each chromatography peak 781:804 each chromatography peak 781:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 9 27 theme system 1394:1399 arg1 indicative 1370:1379 indicative 1370:1379 indicative 1370:1379 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 0 28 from patterns 26:33 arg1 patients 38:45 patients 38:45 patients 38:45 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation. 26827872 2 29 theme glycosylation 401:413 arg1 use 394:396 the use 390:396 the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment 390:475 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 0 30 theme IgG 0:2 arg1 patterns 26:33 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns 0:33 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients 0:45 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation. 26827872 1 31 theme Image-guided 98:109 arg1 technique 131:139 a technique 129:139 a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound 129:273 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 1 31 theme Image-guided 98:109 arg1 ablation 117:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation 87:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation 87:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 2 32 from Changes 276:282 arg1 IgM 295:297 IgM 295:297 IgM 295:297 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 2 32 from Changes 276:282 arg1 IgG 287:289 IgG 287:289 IgG 287:289 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 10 33 theme effect 1566:1571 arg1 Analyses 1542:1549 Analyses 1542:1549 Analyses of the outcome effect 1542:1571 Analyses of the outcome effect suggested that IgG glycosylation and IgM glycosylation are not associated with tumor ablation. 26827872 0 34 theme IgM 8:10 arg1 patterns 26:33 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns 0:33 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients 0:45 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation. 26827872 5 35 theme chromatography 835:848 arg1 spectrometry 879:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 9 36 theme different 1427:1435 arg1 types 1437:1441 different types 1427:1441 different types of cancer 1427:1451 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 12 37 theme Special 1934:1940 arg1 Issue 1942:1946 a Special Issue 1932:1946 a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc 1932:2026 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26827872 11 38 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1676:1687 arg1 work 1697:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work 1668:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work 1668:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 5 39 theme ionization 863:872 arg1 spectrometry 879:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 1 40 theme computed 241:248 arg1 tomography 250:259 computed tomography 241:259 computed tomography 241:259 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 6 41 theme antibody 910:917 arg1 glycosylation 919:931 antibody glycosylation 910:931 antibody glycosylation 910:931 RESULTS Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. 26827872 4 42 theme IgM 614:616 arg1 antibodies 618:627 IgG and IgM antibodies 606:627 IgG and IgM antibodies 606:627 IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. 26827872 11 43 theme antibodies 1790:1799 arg1 changes 1762:1768 glycosylation changes 1748:1768 glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies 1748:1799 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 10 44 theme IgM 1610:1612 arg1 glycosylation 1614:1626 IgM glycosylation 1610:1626 IgM glycosylation 1610:1626 Analyses of the outcome effect suggested that IgG glycosylation and IgM glycosylation are not associated with tumor ablation. 26827872 11 45 theme parallel 1722:1729 arg1 determination 1731:1743 parallel determination 1722:1743 parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis 1722:1905 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 7 46 theme glycans 1195:1201 arg1 amount 1168:1173 unexpectedly high amount 1150:1173 unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans 1150:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 7 46 theme glycans 1195:1201 arg1 glycans 1195:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 10 47 theme tumor 1652:1656 arg1 ablation 1658:1665 tumor ablation 1652:1665 tumor ablation 1652:1665 Analyses of the outcome effect suggested that IgG glycosylation and IgM glycosylation are not associated with tumor ablation. 26827872 7 48 theme oligomannose 1178:1189 arg1 glycans 1195:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 9 49 theme immunostimulatory 1482:1498 arg1 response 1500:1507 the immunostimulatory response 1478:1507 the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself 1478:1539 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 6 50 theme discernable 969:979 arg1 patterns 981:988 discernable patterns 969:988 discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation 969:1054 RESULTS Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. 26827872 4 51 theme IgG 606:608 arg1 antibodies 618:627 IgG and IgM antibodies 606:627 IgG and IgM antibodies 606:627 IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. 26827872 11 52 theme changes 1762:1768 arg1 determination 1731:1743 parallel determination 1722:1743 parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis 1722:1905 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 7 53 theme whole 1214:1218 arg1 period 1220:1225 the whole period 1210:1225 the whole period of monitoring 1210:1239 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 2 54 theme ablation-induced 342:357 arg1 response 366:373 ablation-induced immune response 342:373 ablation-induced immune response to cancer 342:383 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 1 55 theme solid 198:202 arg1 tumors 204:209 solid tumors 198:209 solid tumors 198:209 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 11 56 theme disease 1875:1881 arg1 diagnosis 1883:1891 disease diagnosis 1875:1891 disease diagnosis 1875:1891 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 5 57 theme Thorough 733:740 arg1 identification 742:755 Thorough identification 733:755 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak 733:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 9 58 theme tumor 1528:1532 arg1 ablation 1516:1523 the ablation 1512:1523 the ablation of tumor itself 1512:1539 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 6 59 theme tumors 1037:1042 arg1 treatment 1024:1032 the successful treatment 1009:1032 the successful treatment of tumors 1009:1042 RESULTS Although antibody glycosylation was found to vary with cancer type, discernable patterns of change based on the successful treatment of tumors by ablation were not identified. 26827872 7 60 theme poor 1125:1128 arg1 outcome 1138:1144 poor disease outcome 1125:1144 poor disease outcome 1125:1144 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 12 61 from Glycans 1958:1964 arg1 medicine 1982:1989 personalised medicine 1969:1989 personalised medicine" Guest Editor 1969:2003 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26827872 4 62 theme high-throughput 650:664 arg1 chromatography 666:679 use high-throughput chromatography 646:679 use high-throughput chromatography 646:679 IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. 26827872 7 63 theme renal 1094:1098 arg1 carcinoma 1111:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 7 64 theme clear 1100:1104 arg1 carcinoma 1111:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 renal clear cell carcinoma 1094:1119 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 0 65 theme tumor 71:75 arg1 ablation 77:84 image-guided tumor ablation 58:84 image-guided tumor ablation 58:84 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation. 26827872 9 66 theme glycosylation 1343:1355 arg1 patterns 1357:1364 glycosylation patterns 1343:1364 glycosylation patterns 1343:1364 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 1 67 theme needle-like 149:159 arg1 applicators 161:171 needle-like applicators 149:171 needle-like applicators 149:171 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 4 68 theme hydrophilic 698:708 arg1 chromatography 717:730 hydrophilic liquid chromatography 698:730 hydrophilic liquid chromatography 698:730 IgG and IgM antibodies were isolated by use high-throughput chromatography, and analyzed by hydrophilic liquid chromatography. 26827872 11 69 theme high-throughput 1811:1825 arg1 methods 1827:1833 high-throughput methods 1811:1833 high-throughput methods 1811:1833 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 5 70 theme structures 767:776 arg1 identification 742:755 Thorough identification 733:755 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak 733:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 12 71 theme Guest 1992:1996 arg1 Editor 1998:2003 Guest Editor 1992:2003 Guest Editor 1992:2003 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26827872 9 72 theme immune 1387:1392 arg1 system 1394:1399 an immune system 1384:1399 an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer 1384:1451 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 9 72 theme immune 1387:1392 arg1 unable 1409:1414 unable 1409:1414 unable 1409:1414 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 5 73 theme mass 874:877 arg1 spectrometry 879:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 1 74 theme BACKGROUND 87:96 arg1 technique 131:139 a technique 129:139 a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound 129:273 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 1 74 theme BACKGROUND 87:96 arg1 ablation 117:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation 87:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation 87:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 2 75 theme disease 459:465 arg1 treatment 467:475 disease treatment 459:475 disease treatment 459:475 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 0 76 theme glycosylation 12:24 arg1 patterns 26:33 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns 0:33 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients 0:45 IgG and IgM glycosylation patterns in patients undergoing image-guided tumor ablation. 26827872 1 77 theme tumor 111:115 arg1 technique 131:139 a technique 129:139 a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound 129:273 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 1 77 theme tumor 111:115 arg1 ablation 117:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation 87:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation 87:124 BACKGROUND Image-guided tumor ablation is a technique whereby needle-like applicators are placed directly into solid tumors under guidance typically with computed tomography or ultrasound. 26827872 10 78 theme outcome 1558:1564 arg1 effect 1566:1571 the outcome effect 1554:1571 the outcome effect 1554:1571 Analyses of the outcome effect suggested that IgG glycosylation and IgM glycosylation are not associated with tumor ablation. 26827872 11 79 theme IgG 1778:1780 arg1 antibodies 1790:1799 both IgG and IgM antibodies 1773:1799 both IgG and IgM antibodies 1773:1799 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 7 80 contain had 1146:1148 arg1 patient 1081:1087 One patient 1077:1087 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome 1077:1144 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 7 80 contain had 1146:1148 arg2 glycans 1195:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 oligomannose IgG glycans 1178:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 7 80 contain had 1146:1148 arg2 amount 1168:1173 unexpectedly high amount 1150:1173 unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans 1150:1201 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 3 81 theme METHODS 491:497 arg1 Plasma 499:504 METHODS Plasma 491:504 METHODS Plasma from 27 tumor patients 491:527 METHODS Plasma from 27 tumor patients was collected immediately before, after and for 6 months following ablation. 26827872 5 82 theme nano-liquid 823:833 arg1 spectrometry 879:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 12 83 theme Issue 1942:1946 arg1 part 1924:1927 part 1924:1927 part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc 1924:2026 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26827872 11 84 theme GENERAL 1668:1674 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1676:1687 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1668:1687 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work 1668:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 5 85 theme chromatography 786:799 arg1 peak 801:804 each chromatography peak 781:804 each chromatography peak 781:804 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 5 86 theme electrospray 850:861 arg1 spectrometry 879:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 823:890 Thorough identification of glycan structures in each chromatography peak was performed by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. 26827872 7 87 theme disease 1130:1136 arg1 outcome 1138:1144 poor disease outcome 1125:1144 poor disease outcome 1125:1144 One patient with renal clear cell carcinoma and poor disease outcome had unexpectedly high amount of oligomannose IgG glycans during the whole period of monitoring. 26827872 10 88 theme IgG 1588:1590 arg1 glycosylation 1592:1604 IgG glycosylation 1588:1604 IgG glycosylation 1588:1604 Analyses of the outcome effect suggested that IgG glycosylation and IgM glycosylation are not associated with tumor ablation. 26827872 3 89 theme tumor 514:518 arg1 patients 520:527 27 tumor patients 511:527 27 tumor patients 511:527 METHODS Plasma from 27 tumor patients was collected immediately before, after and for 6 months following ablation. 26827872 9 90 theme cancer 1446:1451 arg1 types 1437:1441 different types 1427:1441 different types of cancer 1427:1451 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 9 91 dep CONCLUSIONS 1303:1313 arg1 suggest 1330:1336 suggest 1330:1336 suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself 1330:1539 CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycosylation patterns are indicative of an immune system that is unable to prevent different types of cancer, rather than products of the immunostimulatory response to the ablation of tumor itself. 26827872 11 92 theme IgM 1786:1788 arg1 antibodies 1790:1799 both IgG and IgM antibodies 1773:1799 both IgG and IgM antibodies 1773:1799 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26827872 2 93 theme immune 359:364 arg1 response 366:373 ablation-induced immune response 342:373 ablation-induced immune response to cancer 342:383 Changes in IgG and IgM antibody glycosylation were studied during ablation-induced immune response to cancer, and the use of glycosylation as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and disease treatment was examined. 26827872 11 94 theme Present 1689:1695 arg1 work 1697:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work 1668:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work 1668:1700 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Present work opens a new way for parallel determination of glycosylation changes of both IgG and IgM antibodies by use of high-throughput methods, and their future use as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 26655794 0 0 theme carbohydrate 74:85 arg1 length 93:98 carbohydrate chain length 74:98 carbohydrate chain length 74:98 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 6 1 theme peptides 978:985 arg1 layer 965:969 The interfacial layer 949:969 The interfacial layer of soy peptides 949:985 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 6 1 theme peptides 978:985 arg1 complex 1005:1011 complex 1005:1011 complex 1005:1011 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 5 2 from interface 882:890 arg1 layer 859:863 a thick adsorbed layer 842:863 a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface 842:890 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 2 3 theme sugars 356:361 arg1 attachment 342:351 The covalent attachment 329:351 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides 329:377 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 6 4 theme linear 1024:1029 arg1 region 1044:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 5 5 theme scanning 927:934 arg1 micrographs 936:946 the confocal laser scanning micrographs 908:946 the confocal laser scanning micrographs 908:946 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 5 6 theme confocal 912:919 arg1 micrographs 936:946 the confocal laser scanning micrographs 908:946 the confocal laser scanning micrographs 908:946 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 1 7 theme Maillard 259:266 arg1 conjugates 277:286 the Maillard reaction conjugates 255:286 the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 255:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 0 8 theme length 93:98 arg1 Effects 63:69 Effects 63:69 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 0:140 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 6 9 with complex 1005:1011 arg1 region 1044:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 6 9 with complex 1005:1011 arg1 modulus 1070:1076 strong elastic modulus 1055:1076 strong elastic modulus 1055:1076 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 7 10 theme conjugates 1254:1263 arg1 result 1272:1277 a result 1270:1277 a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1270:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 10 theme conjugates 1254:1263 arg1 properties 1216:1225 the improved surface properties 1195:1225 the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1195:1263 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 11 from interface 1374:1382 arg1 adsorption 1356:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption 1312:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1312:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 1 12 theme reaction 268:275 arg1 conjugates 277:286 the Maillard reaction conjugates 255:286 the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 255:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 0 13 theme chain 87:91 arg1 length 93:98 carbohydrate chain length 74:98 carbohydrate chain length 74:98 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 4 14 used occupied 730:737 arg2 molecule 721:728 each molecule 716:728 each molecule 716:728 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 3 15 theme emulsion 506:513 arg1 stability 515:523 the emulsion stability 502:523 the emulsion stability of the conjugates 502:541 The results suggested that the emulsion stability of the conjugates increased as the length of the carbohydrate chains increased. 26655794 1 16 theme conjugates 277:286 arg1 properties 241:250 the structural and interfacial properties 210:250 the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 210:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 0 17 theme structural 103:112 arg1 properties 130:139 structural and interfacial properties 103:139 structural and interfacial properties 103:139 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 2 18 attach attachment 342:351 arg1 peptides 370:377 soy peptides 366:377 soy peptides 366:377 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 2 18 attach attachment 342:351 arg2 sugars 356:361 sugars 356:361 sugars 356:361 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 7 19 theme improved 1199:1206 arg1 result 1272:1277 a result 1270:1277 a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1270:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 19 theme improved 1199:1206 arg1 properties 1216:1225 the improved surface properties 1195:1225 the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1195:1263 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 3 20 theme conjugates 532:541 arg1 stability 515:523 the emulsion stability 502:523 the emulsion stability of the conjugates 502:541 The results suggested that the emulsion stability of the conjugates increased as the length of the carbohydrate chains increased. 26655794 6 21 theme soy 1087:1089 arg1 conjugates 1107:1116 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1083:1116 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1083:1116 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 5 22 theme oil-water 872:880 arg1 interface 882:890 the oil-water interface 868:890 the oil-water interface 868:890 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 2 23 theme infrared 457:464 arg1 spectra 466:472 the Fourier-transform infrared spectra 435:472 the Fourier-transform infrared spectra 435:472 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 4 24 theme surface 609:615 arg1 measurement 626:636 The surface activity measurement 605:636 The surface activity measurement 605:636 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 6 25 theme peptide-dextran 1091:1105 arg1 conjugates 1107:1116 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1083:1116 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1083:1116 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 2 26 theme Fourier-transform 439:455 arg1 spectra 466:472 the Fourier-transform infrared spectra 435:472 the Fourier-transform infrared spectra 435:472 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 6 27 theme soy 974:976 arg1 peptides 978:985 soy peptides 974:985 soy peptides 974:985 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 7 28 theme packed 1324:1329 arg1 adsorption 1356:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption 1312:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1312:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 29 theme surface 1208:1214 arg1 result 1272:1277 a result 1270:1277 a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1270:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 29 theme surface 1208:1214 arg1 properties 1216:1225 the improved surface properties 1195:1225 the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1195:1263 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 1 30 theme carbohydrate 181:192 arg1 length 200:205 carbohydrate chain length 181:205 carbohydrate chain length 181:205 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 6 31 theme strong 1055:1060 arg1 modulus 1070:1076 strong elastic modulus 1055:1076 strong elastic modulus 1055:1076 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 3 32 theme carbohydrate 574:585 arg1 chains 587:592 the carbohydrate chains 570:592 the carbohydrate chains 570:592 The results suggested that the emulsion stability of the conjugates increased as the length of the carbohydrate chains increased. 26655794 7 33 theme steric 1400:1405 arg1 hindrance 1407:1415 steric hindrance 1400:1415 steric hindrance to flocculation 1400:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 1 34 theme chain 194:198 arg1 length 200:205 carbohydrate chain length 181:205 carbohydrate chain length 181:205 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 0 35 theme protein 20:26 arg1 hydrolysates 28:39 soy protein hydrolysates 16:39 soy protein hydrolysates 16:39 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 1 36 theme soy 291:293 arg1 hydrolysates 303:314 soy protein hydrolysates 291:314 soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 291:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 1 36 theme soy 291:293 arg1 kDa 323:325 Mw>30 kDa 317:325 Mw>30 kDa 317:325 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 0 37 theme interfacial 118:128 arg1 properties 130:139 structural and interfacial properties 103:139 structural and interfacial properties 103:139 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 7 38 theme strong 1286:1291 arg1 membrane 1293:1300 the strong membrane 1282:1300 the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1282:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 1 39 theme length 200:205 arg1 effects 170:176 the effects 166:176 the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 166:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 0 40 theme soy 16:18 arg1 hydrolysates 28:39 soy protein hydrolysates 16:39 soy protein hydrolysates 16:39 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 1 41 theme protein 295:301 arg1 hydrolysates 303:314 soy protein hydrolysates 291:314 soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 291:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 1 41 theme protein 295:301 arg1 kDa 323:325 Mw>30 kDa 317:325 Mw>30 kDa 317:325 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 4 42 theme interface 759:767 arg1 area 747:750 a small area 739:750 a small area of the interface 739:767 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 7 43 theme multilayer 1345:1354 arg1 adsorption 1356:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption 1312:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1312:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 44 theme molecular 1331:1339 arg1 adsorption 1356:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption 1312:1365 the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1312:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 1 45 theme hydrolysates 303:314 arg1 conjugates 277:286 the Maillard reaction conjugates 255:286 the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 255:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 4 46 theme peptide-dextran 660:674 arg1 conjugates 676:685 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 652:685 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 652:685 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 4 47 theme soy 656:658 arg1 conjugates 676:685 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 652:685 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 652:685 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 2 48 theme acid 402:405 arg1 analysis 407:414 amino acid analysis 396:414 amino acid analysis 396:414 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 0 49 theme hydrolysates 28:39 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 0:140 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 6 50 theme broad 1018:1022 arg1 region 1044:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 0 51 from Effects 63:69 arg1 properties 130:139 structural and interfacial properties 103:139 structural and interfacial properties 103:139 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 1 52 theme structural 214:223 arg1 properties 241:250 the structural and interfacial properties 210:250 the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 210:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 2 53 theme spectra 466:472 arg1 examination 420:430 examination 420:430 examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra 420:472 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 2 53 theme spectra 466:472 arg1 analysis 407:414 amino acid analysis 396:414 amino acid analysis 396:414 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 7 54 theme soy 1234:1236 arg1 conjugates 1254:1263 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1230:1263 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1230:1263 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 5 55 theme peptide-dextran 808:822 arg1 conjugates 824:833 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 800:833 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 800:833 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 3 56 theme chains 587:592 arg1 length 560:565 the length 556:565 the length of the carbohydrate chains 556:592 The results suggested that the emulsion stability of the conjugates increased as the length of the carbohydrate chains increased. 26655794 5 57 theme laser 921:925 arg1 micrographs 936:946 the confocal laser scanning micrographs 908:946 the confocal laser scanning micrographs 908:946 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 0 58 theme Maillard 44:51 arg1 reaction 53:60 Maillard reaction 44:60 Maillard reaction 44:60 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 6 59 theme interfacial 953:963 arg1 layer 965:969 The interfacial layer 949:969 The interfacial layer of soy peptides 949:985 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 6 59 theme interfacial 953:963 arg1 complex 1005:1011 complex 1005:1011 complex 1005:1011 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 6 60 theme elastic 1062:1068 arg1 modulus 1070:1076 strong elastic modulus 1055:1076 strong elastic modulus 1055:1076 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 7 61 theme peptide-dextran 1238:1252 arg1 conjugates 1254:1263 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1230:1263 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1230:1263 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 2 62 theme covalent 333:340 arg1 attachment 342:351 The covalent attachment 329:351 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides 329:377 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 7 63 theme membrane 1293:1300 arg1 properties 1216:1225 the improved surface properties 1195:1225 the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 1195:1263 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 7 63 theme membrane 1293:1300 arg1 result 1272:1277 a result 1270:1277 a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation 1270:1431 This study suggested that the improved surface properties of the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were a result of the strong membrane formed by the closely packed molecular and multilayer adsorption at the interface, which provided steric hindrance to flocculation. 26655794 4 64 theme activity 617:624 arg1 measurement 626:636 The surface activity measurement 605:636 The surface activity measurement 605:636 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 5 65 theme thick 844:848 arg1 layer 859:863 a thick adsorbed layer 842:863 a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface 842:890 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 4 66 theme small 741:745 arg1 area 747:750 a small area 739:750 a small area of the interface 739:767 The surface activity measurement revealed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates were closely packed and that each molecule occupied a small area of the interface. 26655794 1 67 theme interfacial 229:239 arg1 properties 241:250 the structural and interfacial properties 210:250 the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 210:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 2 68 theme amino 396:400 arg1 analysis 407:414 amino acid analysis 396:414 amino acid analysis 396:414 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 5 69 theme adsorbed 850:857 arg1 layer 859:863 a thick adsorbed layer 842:863 a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface 842:890 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 2 70 theme soy 366:368 arg1 peptides 370:377 soy peptides 366:377 soy peptides 366:377 The covalent attachment of sugars to soy peptides was confirmed by amino acid analysis and examination of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. 26655794 5 71 theme soy 804:806 arg1 conjugates 824:833 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 800:833 the soy peptide-dextran conjugates 800:833 It was further confirmed that the soy peptide-dextran conjugates formed a thick adsorbed layer at the oil-water interface, as observed in the confocal laser scanning micrographs. 26655794 0 72 dep Modification 0:11 arg1 Effects 63:69 Effects 63:69 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 0:140 Modification of soy protein hydrolysates by Maillard reaction: Effects of carbohydrate chain length on structural and interfacial properties. 26655794 1 73 from effects 170:176 arg1 properties 241:250 the structural and interfacial properties 210:250 the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa) 210:326 This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate chain length on the structural and interfacial properties of the Maillard reaction conjugates of soy protein hydrolysates (Mw>30 kDa). 26655794 6 74 theme multilayer 1129:1138 arg1 adsorption 1140:1149 multilayer adsorption 1129:1149 multilayer adsorption 1129:1149 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 26655794 6 75 theme viscoelastic 1031:1042 arg1 region 1044:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 broad linear viscoelastic region 1018:1049 The interfacial layer of soy peptides was rheologically complex with broad linear viscoelastic region and strong elastic modulus, and the soy peptide-dextran conjugates might form multilayer adsorption at the interface. 25950120 5 0 theme least 839:843 arg1 PLS 854:856 PLS 854:856 PLS 854:856 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 5 0 theme least 839:843 arg1 squares 845:851 partial least squares 831:851 partial least squares (PLS) regression 831:868 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 6 1 theme technology 1014:1023 arg1 use 996:998 The potential use 982:998 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) 982:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 0 2 theme glycan 74:79 arg1 microarrays 81:91 glycan microarrays 74:91 glycan microarrays 74:91 A multivariate approach for high throughput pectin profiling by combining glycan microarrays with monoclonal antibodies. 25950120 5 3 from microarrays 969:979 arg1 information 940:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information 894:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays 894:979 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 6 4 theme microarray 1003:1012 arg1 technology 1014:1023 microarray technology 1003:1023 microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) 1003:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 0 5 theme monoclonal 98:107 arg1 antibodies 109:118 monoclonal antibodies 98:118 monoclonal antibodies 98:118 A multivariate approach for high throughput pectin profiling by combining glycan microarrays with monoclonal antibodies. 25950120 2 6 theme chemical 289:296 arg1 composition 298:308 chemical composition 289:308 chemical composition 289:308 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 5 7 theme spotted 961:967 arg1 microarrays 969:979 the spotted microarrays 957:979 the spotted microarrays 957:979 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 3 8 theme various 562:568 arg1 characteristics 583:597 various carbohydrate characteristics 562:597 various carbohydrate characteristics 562:597 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 2 9 theme pectin 330:335 arg1 conformation 314:325 conformation 314:325 conformation 314:325 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 2 9 theme pectin 330:335 arg1 composition 298:308 chemical composition 289:308 chemical composition 289:308 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 5 10 theme optimal 903:909 arg1 information 940:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information 894:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays 894:979 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 5 11 theme squares 845:851 arg1 regression 859:868 partial least squares (PLS) regression 831:868 partial least squares (PLS) regression 831:868 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 2 12 theme polymer 407:413 arg1 applications 387:398 new industrial applications 372:398 new industrial applications of the polymer 372:413 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 5 13 theme Principal 792:800 arg1 analysis 812:819 Principal component analysis 792:819 Principal component analysis (PCA) 792:825 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 5 13 theme Principal 792:800 arg1 PCA 822:824 PCA 822:824 PCA 822:824 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 3 14 theme related 551:557 arg1 measurements 538:549 simultaneous measurements 525:549 simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics 525:597 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 6 15 theme methyl-esterification 1096:1116 arg1 degree 1127:1132 degree 1127:1132 degree of blockiness (DB) 1127:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 6 15 theme methyl-esterification 1096:1116 arg1 degree 1086:1091 degree 1086:1091 degree of methyl-esterification (DM) 1086:1121 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 0 16 theme multivariate 2:13 arg1 approach 15:22 A multivariate approach 0:22 A multivariate approach for high throughput pectin 0:49 A multivariate approach for high throughput pectin profiling by combining glycan microarrays with monoclonal antibodies. 25950120 3 17 theme simultaneous 525:536 arg1 measurements 538:549 simultaneous measurements 525:549 simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics 525:597 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 4 18 theme different 752:760 arg1 mAbs 785:788 mAbs 785:788 mAbs 785:788 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 4 18 theme different 752:760 arg1 antibodies 773:782 14 different monoclonal antibodies 749:782 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 749:789 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 6 19 theme potential 986:994 arg1 use 996:998 The potential use 982:998 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) 982:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 1 20 from Pectin-one 121:130 arg1 nature 173:178 nature 173:178 nature 173:178 Pectin-one of the most complex biomacromolecules in nature has been extensively studied using various techniques. 25950120 6 21 theme degree 1086:1091 arg1 determination 1069:1081 the accurate determination 1056:1081 the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) 1056:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 5 22 theme quantitative 927:938 arg1 information 940:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information 894:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays 894:979 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 3 23 theme carbohydrate 570:581 arg1 characteristics 583:597 various carbohydrate characteristics 562:597 various carbohydrate characteristics 562:597 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 3 24 theme technology 471:480 arg1 emergence 440:448 the emergence 436:448 the emergence of glycan microarray technology 436:480 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 5 25 theme qualitative 911:921 arg1 information 940:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information 894:950 the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays 894:979 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 4 26 used used 651:654 arg2 we 648:649 we 648:649 we 648:649 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 4 27 theme monoclonal 762:771 arg1 mAbs 785:788 mAbs 785:788 mAbs 785:788 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 4 27 theme monoclonal 762:771 arg1 antibodies 773:782 14 different monoclonal antibodies 749:782 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 749:789 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 1 28 theme various 215:221 arg1 techniques 223:232 various techniques 215:232 various techniques 215:232 Pectin-one of the most complex biomacromolecules in nature has been extensively studied using various techniques. 25950120 0 29 theme throughput 33:42 arg1 pectin 44:49 high throughput pectin 28:49 high throughput pectin 28:49 A multivariate approach for high throughput pectin profiling by combining glycan microarrays with monoclonal antibodies. 25950120 2 30 dep composition 298:308 arg1 the 285:287 the 285:287 the 285:287 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 6 31 theme accurate 1060:1067 arg1 determination 1069:1081 the accurate determination 1056:1081 the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) 1056:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 3 32 theme glycan 453:458 arg1 technology 471:480 glycan microarray technology 453:480 glycan microarray technology 453:480 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 0 33 theme high 28:31 arg1 pectin 44:49 high throughput pectin 28:49 high throughput pectin 28:49 A multivariate approach for high throughput pectin profiling by combining glycan microarrays with monoclonal antibodies. 25950120 3 34 theme last 424:427 arg1 decade 429:434 the last decade 420:434 the last decade 420:434 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 3 35 theme data 637:640 arg1 collections 622:632 large collections 616:632 large collections of data 616:640 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 3 36 theme microarray 460:469 arg1 technology 471:480 glycan microarray technology 453:480 glycan microarray technology 453:480 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 3 37 theme large 616:620 arg1 collections 622:632 large collections 616:632 large collections of data 616:640 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 6 38 theme degree 1127:1132 arg1 determination 1069:1081 the accurate determination 1056:1081 the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) 1056:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 4 39 theme samples 729:735 arg1 samples 729:735 359 pectin samples 718:735 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 718:789 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 4 39 theme samples 729:735 arg1 set 711:713 a set 709:713 a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 709:789 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 1 40 theme biomacromolecules 152:168 arg1 Pectin-one 121:130 Pectin-one 121:130 Pectin-one of the most complex biomacromolecules in nature 121:178 Pectin-one of the most complex biomacromolecules in nature has been extensively studied using various techniques. 25950120 3 41 theme growing 495:501 arg1 capacity 503:510 a growing capacity 493:510 a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data 493:640 For the last decade the emergence of glycan microarray technology has led to a growing capacity of acquiring simultaneous measurements related to various carbohydrate characteristics while generating large collections of data. 25950120 1 42 theme complex 144:150 arg1 biomacromolecules 152:168 the most complex biomacromolecules 135:168 the most complex biomacromolecules 135:168 Pectin-one of the most complex biomacromolecules in nature has been extensively studied using various techniques. 25950120 6 43 theme blockiness 1137:1146 arg1 degree 1127:1132 degree 1127:1132 degree of blockiness (DB) 1127:1151 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 6 43 theme blockiness 1137:1146 arg1 degree 1086:1091 degree 1086:1091 degree of methyl-esterification (DM) 1086:1121 The potential use of microarray technology combined with chemometrics for the accurate determination of degree of methyl-esterification (DM) and degree of blockiness (DB) was assessed. 25950120 5 44 theme partial 831:837 arg1 PLS 854:856 PLS 854:856 PLS 854:856 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 5 44 theme partial 831:837 arg1 squares 845:851 partial least squares 831:851 partial least squares (PLS) regression 831:868 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 1 45 theme most 139:142 arg1 biomacromolecules 152:168 the most complex biomacromolecules 135:168 the most complex biomacromolecules 135:168 Pectin-one of the most complex biomacromolecules in nature has been extensively studied using various techniques. 25950120 4 46 theme analysis 671:678 arg1 approach 680:687 a multivariate analysis approach 656:687 a multivariate analysis approach 656:687 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 4 47 theme multivariate 658:669 arg1 approach 680:687 a multivariate analysis approach 656:687 a multivariate analysis approach 656:687 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 25950120 2 48 theme industrial 376:385 arg1 applications 387:398 new industrial applications 372:398 new industrial applications of the polymer 372:413 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 5 49 theme component 802:810 arg1 analysis 812:819 Principal component analysis 792:819 Principal component analysis (PCA) 792:825 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 5 49 theme component 802:810 arg1 PCA 822:824 PCA 822:824 PCA 822:824 Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were utilised to obtain the most optimal qualitative and quantitative information from the spotted microarrays. 25950120 2 50 theme new 372:374 arg1 applications 387:398 new industrial applications 372:398 new industrial applications of the polymer 372:413 This has been done so in an attempt to understand the chemical composition and conformation of pectin, whilst discovering and optimising new industrial applications of the polymer. 25950120 4 51 theme pectin 722:727 arg1 samples 729:735 359 pectin samples 718:735 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 718:789 Here we used a multivariate analysis approach in order to analyse a set of 359 pectin samples probed with 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27869292 7 0 theme cell 1599:1602 arg1 metabolism 1604:1613 CHO cell metabolism 1595:1613 CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions 1595:1647 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 1 1 theme culture 278:284 arg1 temperature 286:296 reduced culture temperature 270:296 reduced culture temperature 270:296 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 6 2 theme computational 1532:1544 arg1 system 1546:1551 the computational system 1528:1551 the computational system 1528:1551 This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. 27869292 1 3 theme temperature 286:296 arg1 mechanism 330:338 the mechanism 326:338 the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition 326:379 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 1 3 theme temperature 286:296 arg1 impact 260:265 the impact 256:265 the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation 256:320 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 3 4 theme Chinese 618:624 arg1 CHO 641:643 CHO 641:643 CHO 641:643 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 3 4 theme Chinese 618:624 arg1 ovary 634:638 Chinese hamster ovary 618:638 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior 618:658 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 4 5 theme N-linked 946:953 arg1 profile 969:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile 942:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia 942:1014 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 3 6 theme hypothermia 768:778 arg1 induction 750:758 the induction 746:758 the induction of mild hypothermia 746:778 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 6 7 theme experimental 1421:1432 arg1 measurements 1434:1445 experimental measurements 1421:1445 experimental measurements of GalT expression levels 1421:1471 This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. 27869292 1 8 theme mammalian 232:240 arg1 culture 247:253 mammalian cell culture 232:253 mammalian cell culture 232:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 7 9 theme NSD 1739:1741 arg1 production 1743:1752 NSD production 1739:1752 NSD production 1739:1752 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 5 10 from physiological 1317:1329 arg1 transfectants 1377:1389 stable CHO transfectants 1366:1389 stable CHO transfectants 1366:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 11 theme different 1083:1091 arg1 temperatures 1101:1112 different culture temperatures 1083:1112 different culture temperatures 1083:1112 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 3 12 theme ovary 634:638 arg1 behavior 651:658 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior 618:658 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior 618:658 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 1 13 theme mild 147:150 arg1 conditions 164:173 mild hypothermic conditions 147:173 mild hypothermic conditions 147:173 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 5 14 theme stable 1366:1371 arg1 transfectants 1377:1389 stable CHO transfectants 1366:1389 stable CHO transfectants 1366:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 1 15 theme conditions 164:173 arg1 effects 136:142 the positive effects 123:142 the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture 123:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 7 16 theme feeding 1709:1715 arg1 strategies 1717:1726 feeding strategies 1709:1726 feeding strategies to improve NSD production 1709:1752 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 3 17 theme cell 646:649 arg1 behavior 651:658 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior 618:658 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior 618:658 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 1 18 theme monoclonal 178:187 arg1 mAb 199:201 mAb 199:201 mAb 199:201 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 1 18 theme monoclonal 178:187 arg1 antibody 189:196 monoclonal antibody 178:196 monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture 178:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 2 19 theme bioprocess 519:528 arg1 optimization 530:541 bioprocess optimization 519:541 bioprocess optimization 519:541 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. 27869292 5 20 theme mild 1335:1338 arg1 conditions 1352:1361 mild hypothermic conditions 1335:1361 mild hypothermic conditions 1335:1361 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 4 21 from study 814:818 arg1 Results 796:802 Results 796:802 Results from this study 796:818 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 4 22 theme mAb 980:982 arg1 profile 969:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile 942:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia 942:1014 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 11 23 theme © 1891:1891 arg1 2016 1893:1896 © 2016 1891:1896 © 2016 1891:1896 © 2016 The Authors. 27869292 6 24 theme expression 1455:1464 arg1 levels 1466:1471 GalT expression levels 1450:1471 GalT expression levels 1450:1471 This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. 27869292 5 25 theme nucleotide 1144:1153 arg1 donor 1161:1165 nucleotide sugar donor 1144:1165 nucleotide sugar donor production 1144:1176 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 7 26 theme cell 1827:1830 arg1 engineering 1837:1847 cell line engineering 1827:1847 cell line engineering 1827:1847 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 5 27 theme donor 1161:1165 arg1 production 1167:1176 nucleotide sugar donor production 1144:1176 nucleotide sugar donor production 1144:1176 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 7 28 theme glycosyltransferases 1798:1817 arg1 expression 1775:1784 the expression 1771:1784 the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering 1771:1847 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 2 29 theme intracellular 462:474 arg1 processes 476:484 dynamic intracellular processes 454:484 dynamic intracellular processes 454:484 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. 27869292 0 30 theme Model-based 0:10 arg1 investigation 12:24 Model-based investigation 0:24 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes 0:51 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc-glycosylation under mild hypothermia. 27869292 5 31 theme critical 1228:1235 arg1 rates 1135:1139 the reduced rates 1123:1139 the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1123:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 31 theme critical 1228:1235 arg1 factors 1250:1256 critical contributing factors 1228:1256 critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants 1228:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 1 32 theme mAb 301:303 arg1 Fc-glycosylation 305:320 mAb Fc-glycosylation 301:320 mAb Fc-glycosylation 301:320 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 2 33 theme knowledge 420:428 arg1 lack 412:415 The lack 408:415 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia 408:507 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. 27869292 0 34 theme processes 43:51 arg1 investigation 12:24 Model-based investigation 0:24 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes 0:51 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc-glycosylation under mild hypothermia. 27869292 5 35 theme simulation 1060:1069 arg1 results 1071:1077 model simulation results 1054:1077 model simulation results for different culture temperatures 1054:1112 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 0 36 theme antibody 65:72 arg1 Fc-glycosylation 74:89 antibody Fc-glycosylation 65:89 antibody Fc-glycosylation 65:89 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc-glycosylation under mild hypothermia. 27869292 7 37 theme mild 1621:1624 arg1 conditions 1638:1647 mild hypothermic conditions 1621:1647 mild hypothermic conditions 1621:1647 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 1 38 from effects 136:142 arg1 productivity 204:215 monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity 178:215 monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture 178:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 1 38 from effects 136:142 arg1 qmAb 218:221 qmAb 218:221 qmAb 218:221 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 5 39 theme Fc-glycan 1290:1298 arg1 profiles 1300:1307 Fc-glycan profiles 1290:1307 Fc-glycan profiles 1290:1307 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 3 40 link N-linked 698:705 arg1 glycosylation 707:719 mAb N-linked glycosylation 694:719 mAb N-linked glycosylation 694:719 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 3 41 theme mAb 694:696 arg1 glycosylation 707:719 mAb N-linked glycosylation 694:719 mAb N-linked glycosylation 694:719 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 7 42 theme CHO 1595:1597 arg1 metabolism 1604:1613 CHO cell metabolism 1595:1613 CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions 1595:1647 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 4 43 link N-linked 946:953 arg1 profile 969:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile 942:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia 942:1014 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 1 44 from mechanism 330:338 arg1 Fc-glycosylation 305:320 mAb Fc-glycosylation 301:320 mAb Fc-glycosylation 301:320 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 3 45 dep metabolism 664:673 arg1 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 profile 721:727 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 7 46 theme bottlenecks 1576:1586 arg1 identification 1558:1571 The identification 1554:1571 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions 1554:1647 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 4 47 gly glycosylation 955:967 arg1 mAb 980:982 mAb 980:982 mAb produced under mild hypothermia 980:1014 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 3 48 theme mathematical 569:580 arg1 model 582:586 a mathematical model 567:586 a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia 567:778 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 1 49 theme reduced 270:276 arg1 temperature 286:296 reduced culture temperature 270:296 reduced culture temperature 270:296 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 3 50 theme mild 763:766 arg1 hypothermia 768:778 mild hypothermia 763:778 mild hypothermia 763:778 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 4 51 theme experimental 867:878 arg1 results 880:886 experimental results 867:886 experimental results 867:886 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 5 52 from transfectants 1377:1389 arg1 physiological 1317:1329 physiological 1317:1329 physiological 1317:1329 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 53 from variation 1277:1285 arg1 profiles 1300:1307 Fc-glycan profiles 1290:1307 Fc-glycan profiles 1290:1307 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 1 54 from impact 260:265 arg1 Fc-glycosylation 305:320 mAb Fc-glycosylation 301:320 mAb Fc-glycosylation 301:320 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 5 55 theme reduced 1127:1133 arg1 factors 1250:1256 critical contributing factors 1228:1256 critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants 1228:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 55 theme reduced 1127:1133 arg1 rates 1135:1139 the reduced rates 1123:1139 the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1123:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 4 56 theme glycosylation 955:967 arg1 profile 969:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile 942:975 the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia 942:1014 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 3 57 theme hamster 626:632 arg1 CHO 641:643 CHO 641:643 CHO 641:643 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 3 57 theme hamster 626:632 arg1 ovary 634:638 Chinese hamster ovary 618:638 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior 618:658 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 5 58 theme GalT 1205:1208 arg1 expression 1211:1220 galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1182:1220 galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1182:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 59 theme culture 1093:1099 arg1 temperatures 1101:1112 different culture temperatures 1083:1112 different culture temperatures 1083:1112 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 1 60 theme hypothermic 152:162 arg1 conditions 164:173 mild hypothermic conditions 147:173 mild hypothermic conditions 147:173 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 5 61 theme CHO 1373:1375 arg1 transfectants 1377:1389 stable CHO transfectants 1366:1389 stable CHO transfectants 1366:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 0 62 theme mild 97:100 arg1 hypothermia 102:112 mild hypothermia 97:112 mild hypothermia 97:112 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc-glycosylation under mild hypothermia. 27869292 11 63 dep Authors 1902:1908 arg1 2016 1893:1896 © 2016 1891:1896 © 2016 1891:1896 © 2016 The Authors. 27869292 4 64 theme mild 999:1002 arg1 hypothermia 1004:1014 mild hypothermia 999:1014 mild hypothermia 999:1014 Results from this study show that the model is capable of representing experimental results well in all of the aspects mentioned above, including the N-linked glycosylation profile of mAb produced under mild hypothermia. 27869292 1 65 theme cell 242:245 arg1 culture 247:253 mammalian cell culture 232:253 mammalian cell culture 232:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 5 66 theme galactosyltransferase 1182:1202 arg1 expression 1211:1220 galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1182:1220 galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1182:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 1 67 theme antibody 189:196 arg1 productivity 204:215 monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity 178:215 monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture 178:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 1 67 theme antibody 189:196 arg1 qmAb 218:221 qmAb 218:221 qmAb 218:221 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 7 68 dep strategies 1717:1726 arg1 improve 1731:1737 improve 1731:1737 to improve NSD production 1728:1752 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 10 69 dep 1570-1582 1880:1888 arg1 2017 1870:1873 2017 1870:1873 2017 1870:1873 2017;114: 1570-1582. 27869292 5 70 theme hypothermic 1340:1350 arg1 conditions 1352:1361 mild hypothermic conditions 1335:1361 mild hypothermic conditions 1335:1361 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 6 71 theme levels 1466:1471 arg1 measurements 1434:1445 experimental measurements 1421:1445 experimental measurements of GalT expression levels 1421:1471 This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. 27869292 1 72 theme glycan 362:367 arg1 composition 369:379 the glycan composition 358:379 the glycan composition 358:379 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 1 73 dep mechanism 330:338 arg1 behind 340:345 behind 340:345 behind changes in the glycan composition 340:379 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 6 74 theme GalT 1450:1453 arg1 levels 1466:1471 GalT expression levels 1450:1471 GalT expression levels 1450:1471 This is then confirmed using experimental measurements of GalT expression levels, thereby closing the loop between the experimental and the computational system. 27869292 5 75 theme sugar 1155:1159 arg1 donor 1161:1165 nucleotide sugar donor 1144:1165 nucleotide sugar donor production 1144:1176 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 7 76 theme line 1832:1835 arg1 engineering 1837:1847 cell line engineering 1827:1847 cell line engineering 1827:1847 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 5 77 theme production 1167:1176 arg1 factors 1250:1256 critical contributing factors 1228:1256 critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants 1228:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 77 theme production 1167:1176 arg1 rates 1135:1139 the reduced rates 1123:1139 the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1123:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 2 78 theme dynamic 454:460 arg1 processes 476:484 dynamic intracellular processes 454:484 dynamic intracellular processes 454:484 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. 27869292 0 79 theme intracellular 29:41 arg1 processes 43:51 intracellular processes 29:51 intracellular processes 29:51 Model-based investigation of intracellular processes determining antibody Fc-glycosylation under mild hypothermia. 27869292 5 80 theme contributing 1237:1248 arg1 rates 1135:1139 the reduced rates 1123:1139 the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1123:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 80 theme contributing 1237:1248 arg1 factors 1250:1256 critical contributing factors 1228:1256 critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants 1228:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 1 81 theme positive 127:134 arg1 effects 136:142 the positive effects 123:142 the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture 123:253 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 7 82 theme specific 1789:1796 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1798:1817 specific glycosyltransferases 1789:1817 specific glycosyltransferases 1789:1817 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 3 83 theme mAb 676:678 arg1 synthesis 680:688 mAb synthesis 676:688 mAb synthesis 676:688 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 7 84 theme bioprocess 1658:1667 arg1 optimization 1669:1680 bioprocess optimization 1658:1680 bioprocess optimization 1658:1680 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 27869292 5 85 theme model 1054:1058 arg1 results 1071:1077 model simulation results 1054:1077 model simulation results for different culture temperatures 1054:1112 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 2 86 theme mild 492:495 arg1 hypothermia 497:507 mild hypothermia 492:507 mild hypothermia 492:507 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. 27869292 1 87 from changes 347:353 arg1 composition 369:379 the glycan composition 358:379 the glycan composition 358:379 Despite the positive effects of mild hypothermic conditions on monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity (qmAb ) during mammalian cell culture, the impact of reduced culture temperature on mAb Fc-glycosylation and the mechanism behind changes in the glycan composition are not fully established. 27869292 5 88 theme expression 1211:1220 arg1 factors 1250:1256 critical contributing factors 1228:1256 critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants 1228:1389 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 5 88 theme expression 1211:1220 arg1 rates 1135:1139 the reduced rates 1123:1139 the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression 1123:1220 Most importantly, comparison between model simulation results for different culture temperatures suggests the reduced rates of nucleotide sugar donor production and galactosyltransferase (GalT) expression to be critical contributing factors that determine the variation in Fc-glycan profiles between physiological and mild hypothermic conditions in stable CHO transfectants. 27869292 2 89 theme processes 476:484 arg1 regulation 440:449 the regulation 436:449 the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes 436:484 The lack of knowledge about the regulation of dynamic intracellular processes under mild hypothermia restricts bioprocess optimization. 27869292 3 90 theme N-linked 698:705 arg1 glycosylation 707:719 mAb N-linked glycosylation 694:719 mAb N-linked glycosylation 694:719 To address this issue, a mathematical model that quantitatively describes Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behavior and metabolism, mAb synthesis and mAb N-linked glycosylation profile before and after the induction of mild hypothermia is constructed. 27869292 7 91 theme hypothermic 1626:1636 arg1 conditions 1638:1647 mild hypothermic conditions 1621:1647 mild hypothermic conditions 1621:1647 The identification of bottlenecks within CHO cell metabolism under mild hypothermic conditions will aid bioprocess optimization, for example, by tailoring feeding strategies to improve NSD production, or manipulating the expression of specific glycosyltransferases through cell line engineering. 26756572 7 0 theme lifetime 1001:1008 arg1 FLIM 1030:1033 FLIM 1030:1033 FLIM 1030:1033 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 0 theme lifetime 1001:1008 arg1 microscopy 1018:1027 fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy 988:1027 fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) 988:1034 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 1 1 theme many 177:180 arg1 aspects 182:188 many aspects 177:188 many aspects of protein function 177:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 7 2 theme high 911:914 arg1 contrast 916:923 high contrast 911:923 high contrast 911:923 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 3 theme fluorophores 972:983 arg1 excess 953:958 a large excess 945:958 a large excess of acceptor fluorophores 945:983 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 1 4 theme aspects 182:188 arg1 regulation 163:172 the regulation 159:172 the regulation of many aspects of protein function 159:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 4 5 theme living 559:564 arg1 cells 566:570 living cells 559:570 living cells 559:570 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 6 theme proteins 521:528 arg1 glycosylation 486:498 the glycosylation 482:498 the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 482:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 2 7 theme fundamental 359:369 arg1 importance 371:380 fundamental importance 359:380 fundamental importance 359:380 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 5 8 theme applicable 587:596 arg1 approach 598:605 Our generally applicable approach 573:605 Our generally applicable approach 573:605 Our generally applicable approach relies on Diels-Alder chemistry to fluorescently label intracellular carbohydrates through metabolic engineering. 26756572 1 9 theme Protein 69:75 arg1 modification 126:137 a ubiquitous post-translational modification 94:137 a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function 94:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 1 9 theme Protein 69:75 arg1 glycosylation 77:89 Protein glycosylation 69:89 Protein glycosylation 69:89 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 1 10 theme ubiquitous 96:105 arg1 modification 126:137 a ubiquitous post-translational modification 94:137 a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function 94:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 1 10 theme ubiquitous 96:105 arg1 glycosylation 77:89 Protein glycosylation 69:89 Protein glycosylation 69:89 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 7 11 theme glycan-anchored 866:880 arg1 fluorophore 882:892 the glycan-anchored fluorophore 862:892 the glycan-anchored fluorophore 862:892 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 12 located detected 897:904 arg2 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 12 located detected 897:904 arg2 transfer 825:832 Förster resonance energy transfer 800:832 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore 800:892 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 12 located detected 897:904 arg1 presence 933:940 presence 933:940 presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores 933:983 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 13 theme acceptor 963:970 arg1 fluorophores 972:983 acceptor fluorophores 963:983 acceptor fluorophores 963:983 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 2 14 theme glycosylation 286:298 arg1 state 300:304 the glycosylation state 282:304 the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells 282:345 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 2 15 gly glycosylation 286:298 arg1 proteins 318:325 specific proteins 309:325 specific proteins within living cells 309:345 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 5 16 theme Diels-Alder 617:627 arg1 chemistry 629:637 Diels-Alder chemistry 617:637 Diels-Alder chemistry 617:637 Our generally applicable approach relies on Diels-Alder chemistry to fluorescently label intracellular carbohydrates through metabolic engineering. 26756572 7 17 theme large 947:951 arg1 excess 953:958 a large excess 945:958 a large excess of acceptor fluorophores 945:983 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 6 18 theme target 725:730 arg1 proteins 732:739 The target proteins 721:739 The target proteins 721:739 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 1 19 theme protein 193:199 arg1 function 201:208 protein function 193:208 protein function 193:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 4 20 theme glycosylation 486:498 arg1 detection 469:477 protein-specific detection 452:477 protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells 452:570 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 7 21 theme excess 953:958 arg1 presence 933:940 presence 933:940 presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores 933:983 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 2 22 theme living 334:339 arg1 cells 341:345 living cells 334:345 living cells 334:345 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 1 23 theme function 201:208 arg1 aspects 182:188 many aspects 177:188 many aspects of protein function 177:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 1 24 theme post-translational 107:124 arg1 modification 126:137 a ubiquitous post-translational modification 94:137 a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function 94:208 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 1 24 theme post-translational 107:124 arg1 glycosylation 77:89 Protein glycosylation 69:89 Protein glycosylation 69:89 Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that is involved in the regulation of many aspects of protein function. 26756572 0 25 theme Glycosylation 34:46 arg1 Visualization 0:12 Visualization 0:12 Visualization of Protein-Specific Glycosylation 0:46 Visualization of Protein-Specific Glycosylation inside Living Cells. 26756572 4 26 from detection 469:477 arg1 cells 566:570 living cells 559:570 living cells 559:570 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 2 27 theme proteins 318:325 arg1 state 300:304 the glycosylation state 282:304 the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells 282:345 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 0 28 theme Protein-Specific 17:32 arg1 Glycosylation 34:46 Protein-Specific Glycosylation 17:46 Protein-Specific Glycosylation 17:46 Visualization of Protein-Specific Glycosylation inside Living Cells. 26756572 7 29 theme energy 818:823 arg1 transfer 825:832 Förster resonance energy transfer 800:832 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore 800:892 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 29 theme energy 818:823 arg1 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 2 30 theme specific 309:316 arg1 proteins 318:325 specific proteins 309:325 specific proteins within living cells 309:345 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 4 31 gly glycosylation 486:498 arg1 Akt1 551:554 Akt1 551:554 Akt1 551:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 31 gly glycosylation 486:498 arg1 p53 542:544 p53 542:544 p53 542:544 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 31 gly glycosylation 486:498 arg1 proteins 521:528 the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 503:554 the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 503:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 31 gly glycosylation 486:498 arg1 Foxo1 535:539 Foxo1 535:539 Foxo1 535:539 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 31 gly glycosylation 486:498 arg1 OGT 530:532 OGT 530:532 OGT 530:532 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 0 32 theme Living 55:60 arg1 Cells 62:66 Living Cells 55:66 Living Cells 55:66 Visualization of Protein-Specific Glycosylation inside Living Cells. 26756572 7 33 theme Förster 800:806 arg1 transfer 825:832 Förster resonance energy transfer 800:832 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore 800:892 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 33 theme Förster 800:806 arg1 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 34 theme imaging 1010:1016 arg1 FLIM 1030:1033 FLIM 1030:1033 FLIM 1030:1033 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 34 theme imaging 1010:1016 arg1 microscopy 1018:1027 fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy 988:1027 fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) 988:1034 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 4 35 dep proteins 521:528 arg1 proteins 521:528 the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 503:554 the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 503:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 35 dep proteins 521:528 arg1 p53 542:544 p53 542:544 p53 542:544 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 35 dep proteins 521:528 arg1 Akt1 551:554 Akt1 551:554 Akt1 551:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 35 dep proteins 521:528 arg1 Foxo1 535:539 Foxo1 535:539 Foxo1 535:539 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 35 dep proteins 521:528 arg1 OGT 530:532 OGT 530:532 OGT 530:532 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 36 theme protein-specific 452:467 arg1 detection 469:477 protein-specific detection 452:477 protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells 452:570 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 2 37 theme biological 235:244 arg1 roles 246:250 the biological roles 231:250 the biological roles of this modification 231:271 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 5 38 theme metabolic 698:706 arg1 engineering 708:718 metabolic engineering 698:718 metabolic engineering 698:718 Our generally applicable approach relies on Diels-Alder chemistry to fluorescently label intracellular carbohydrates through metabolic engineering. 26756572 5 39 theme intracellular 662:674 arg1 carbohydrates 676:688 intracellular carbohydrates 662:688 intracellular carbohydrates 662:688 Our generally applicable approach relies on Diels-Alder chemistry to fluorescently label intracellular carbohydrates through metabolic engineering. 26756572 6 40 theme fluorescent 772:782 arg1 protein 784:790 enhanced green fluorescent protein 757:790 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) 757:797 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 6 40 theme fluorescent 772:782 arg1 EGFP 793:796 EGFP 793:796 EGFP 793:796 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 6 41 theme green 766:770 arg1 protein 784:790 enhanced green fluorescent protein 757:790 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) 757:797 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 6 41 theme green 766:770 arg1 EGFP 793:796 EGFP 793:796 EGFP 793:796 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 2 42 theme modification 260:271 arg1 roles 246:250 the biological roles 231:250 the biological roles of this modification 231:271 In order to uncover the biological roles of this modification, imaging the glycosylation state of specific proteins within living cells would be of fundamental importance. 26756572 6 43 theme enhanced 757:764 arg1 protein 784:790 enhanced green fluorescent protein 757:790 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) 757:797 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 6 43 theme enhanced 757:764 arg1 EGFP 793:796 EGFP 793:796 EGFP 793:796 The target proteins are tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). 26756572 4 44 theme intracellular 507:519 arg1 Akt1 551:554 Akt1 551:554 Akt1 551:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 44 theme intracellular 507:519 arg1 p53 542:544 p53 542:544 p53 542:544 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 44 theme intracellular 507:519 arg1 proteins 521:528 the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 503:554 the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 503:554 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 44 theme intracellular 507:519 arg1 Foxo1 535:539 Foxo1 535:539 Foxo1 535:539 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 4 44 theme intracellular 507:519 arg1 OGT 530:532 OGT 530:532 OGT 530:532 Herein, we demonstrate protein-specific detection of the glycosylation of the intracellular proteins OGT, Foxo1, p53, and Akt1 in living cells. 26756572 7 45 theme fluorescence 988:999 arg1 FLIM 1030:1033 FLIM 1030:1033 FLIM 1030:1033 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 45 theme fluorescence 988:999 arg1 microscopy 1018:1027 fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy 988:1027 fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) 988:1034 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 46 theme resonance 808:816 arg1 transfer 825:832 Förster resonance energy transfer 800:832 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore 800:892 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 26756572 7 46 theme resonance 808:816 arg1 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 FRET 835:838 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the EGFP and the glycan-anchored fluorophore is detected with high contrast even in presence of a large excess of acceptor fluorophores by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). 27279911 7 0 theme low-risk 1169:1176 arg1 PCa 1178:1180 low-risk PCa 1169:1180 low-risk PCa 1169:1180 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 6 1 from linkage 892:898 arg1 samples 926:932 serum samples 920:932 serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 920:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 1 from linkage 892:898 arg1 patients 961:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients 939:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 939:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 10 2 theme aggressive 1725:1734 arg1 PCa 1755:1757 aggressive and non-aggressive PCa 1725:1757 aggressive and non-aggressive PCa 1725:1757 The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic. 27279911 5 3 theme glycan 637:642 arg1 structures 644:653 these specific glycan structures 622:653 these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness 622:777 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 4 4 theme core 445:448 arg1 fucosylation 450:461 core fucosylation 445:461 core fucosylation 445:461 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 5 5 theme specific 628:635 arg1 structures 644:653 these specific glycan structures 622:653 these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness 622:777 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 6 6 theme sialic 880:885 arg1 linkage 892:898 the sialic acid linkage 876:898 the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 876:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 7 7 theme core 1054:1057 arg1 fucose 1059:1064 the core fucose 1050:1064 the core fucose 1050:1064 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 6 8 theme present 787:793 arg1 work 795:798 the present work 783:798 the present work 783:798 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 9 theme core 854:857 arg1 fucosylation 859:870 the core fucosylation 850:870 the core fucosylation 850:870 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 7 10 from patients 1201:1208 arg1 BPH 1161:1163 BPH 1161:1163 BPH 1161:1163 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 7 10 from patients 1201:1208 arg1 PCa 1178:1180 low-risk PCa 1169:1180 low-risk PCa 1169:1180 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 7 11 theme significant 1026:1036 arg1 decrease 1038:1045 a significant decrease 1024:1045 a significant decrease in the core fucose 1024:1064 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 6 12 theme BPH 939:941 arg1 patients 961:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients 939:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 939:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 5 13 theme potential 685:693 arg1 value 695:699 their potential value 679:699 their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness 679:777 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 9 14 theme intermediate-risk 1541:1557 arg1 PCa 1559:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 4 15 from extent 435:440 arg1 patients 503:510 PCa patients 499:510 PCa patients 499:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 7 16 theme α2,3-sialic 1089:1099 arg1 percentage 1106:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1085:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1085:1122 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 8 17 theme 95 1355:1356 arg1 % 1357:1357 % 1357:1357 % 1357:1357 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 6 18 with patients 961:968 arg1 degrees 985:991 different degrees 975:991 different degrees of aggressiveness 975:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 2 19 theme novel 206:210 arg1 approaches 212:221 novel approaches 206:221 novel approaches 206:221 However, novel approaches are still required to differentiate aggressive from non-aggressive PCa to improve decision making for patients. 27279911 6 20 theme PSA 903:905 arg1 N-glycans 907:915 PSA N-glycans 903:915 PSA N-glycans 903:915 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 8 21 theme cut-off 1228:1234 arg1 value 1236:1240 a cut-off value 1226:1240 a cut-off value 1226:1240 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 3 22 theme PSA 335:337 arg1 glycoforms 339:348 PSA glycoforms 335:348 PSA glycoforms 335:348 PSA glycoforms have been shown to be differentially expressed in PCa. 27279911 6 23 gly fucosylation 859:870 arg1 N-glycans 907:915 PSA N-glycans 903:915 PSA N-glycans 903:915 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 23 gly fucosylation 859:870 arg1 samples 926:932 serum samples 920:932 serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 920:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 0 24 theme Glycosylation-Specific 58:79 arg1 Changes 81:87 Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes 44:87 Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes 44:87 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 27279911 7 25 theme acid 1101:1104 arg1 percentage 1106:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1085:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1085:1122 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 4 26 theme N-glycans 486:494 arg1 sialylation 467:477 sialylation 467:477 sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients 467:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 4 26 theme N-glycans 486:494 arg1 fucosylation 450:461 core fucosylation 445:461 core fucosylation 445:461 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 1 27 theme prostate 164:171 arg1 PCa 181:183 PCa 181:183 PCa 181:183 New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. 27279911 1 27 theme prostate 164:171 arg1 cancer 173:178 prostate cancer 164:178 prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis 164:194 New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. 27279911 8 28 theme 0.94 1387:1390 arg1 AUC 1380:1382 an AUC 1377:1382 an AUC of 0.94 1377:1390 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 6 29 from patients 961:968 arg1 linkage 892:898 the sialic acid linkage 876:898 the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 876:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 29 from patients 961:968 arg1 fucosylation 859:870 the core fucosylation 850:870 the core fucosylation 850:870 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 29 from patients 961:968 arg1 samples 926:932 serum samples 920:932 serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 920:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 8 30 theme PSA 1257:1259 arg1 ratio 1273:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 9 31 theme α2,3-sialic 1412:1422 arg1 percentage 1429:1438 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1408:1438 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1408:1445 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 32 theme % 1615:1615 arg1 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 32 theme % 1615:1615 arg1 sensitivity 1570:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 8 33 theme fucose 1266:1271 arg1 ratio 1273:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 1 34 theme New 90:92 arg1 markers 94:100 New markers 90:100 New markers based on PSA isoforms 90:122 New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. 27279911 9 35 theme PSA 1443:1445 arg1 percentage 1429:1438 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1408:1438 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1408:1445 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 6 36 theme aggressiveness 996:1009 arg1 degrees 985:991 different degrees 975:991 different degrees of aggressiveness 975:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 0 37 theme Prostate 15:22 arg1 Diagnosis 31:39 Prostate Cancer Diagnosis 15:39 Prostate Cancer Diagnosis 15:39 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 27279911 1 38 theme PSA 111:113 arg1 isoforms 115:122 PSA isoforms 111:122 PSA isoforms 111:122 New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. 27279911 8 39 theme PCa 1308:1310 arg1 patients 1312:1319 high-risk PCa patients 1298:1319 high-risk PCa patients 1298:1319 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 0 40 theme Diagnosis 31:39 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 0:88 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 27279911 5 41 from structures 644:653 arg1 PSA 664:666 serum PSA 658:666 serum PSA 658:666 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 5 42 theme aggressiveness 764:777 arg1 PCa 747:749 PCa 747:749 PCa 747:749 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 5 42 theme aggressiveness 764:777 arg1 BPH 739:741 BPH 739:741 BPH 739:741 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 9 43 theme 0.97 1647:1650 arg1 AUC 1640:1642 an AUC 1637:1642 an AUC of 0.97 1637:1650 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 0 44 theme Detecting 44:52 arg1 Changes 81:87 Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes 44:87 Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes 44:87 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 27279911 4 45 theme healthy 524:530 arg1 controls 532:539 healthy controls 524:539 healthy controls 524:539 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 10 46 theme high 1681:1684 arg1 performance 1686:1696 high performance 1681:1696 high performance 1681:1696 The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic. 27279911 8 47 theme % 1337:1337 arg1 sensitivity 1339:1349 90% sensitivity 1335:1349 90% sensitivity 1335:1349 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 4 48 gly fucosylation 450:461 arg1 N-glycans 486:494 PSA N-glycans 482:494 PSA N-glycans 482:494 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 4 48 gly fucosylation 450:461 arg1 patients 503:510 PCa patients 499:510 PCa patients 499:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 9 49 theme high-risk 1495:1503 arg1 PCa 1505:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 7 50 theme high-risk 1187:1195 arg1 patients 1201:1208 high-risk PCa patients 1187:1208 high-risk PCa patients 1187:1208 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 4 51 from patients 503:510 arg1 extent 435:440 the extent 431:440 the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients 431:555 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 9 52 with PCa 1505:1507 arg1 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 52 with PCa 1505:1507 arg1 sensitivity 1570:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 7 53 from increase 1073:1080 arg1 fucose 1059:1064 the core fucose 1050:1064 the core fucose 1050:1064 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 7 53 from increase 1073:1080 arg1 percentage 1106:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1085:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1085:1122 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 6 54 theme acid 887:890 arg1 linkage 892:898 the sialic acid linkage 876:898 the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 876:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 55 from fucosylation 859:870 arg1 samples 926:932 serum samples 920:932 serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 920:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 55 from fucosylation 859:870 arg1 patients 961:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients 939:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 939:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 2 56 theme non-aggressive 275:288 arg1 PCa 290:292 non-aggressive PCa 275:292 non-aggressive PCa 275:292 However, novel approaches are still required to differentiate aggressive from non-aggressive PCa to improve decision making for patients. 27279911 1 57 theme cancer 173:178 arg1 diagnosis 186:194 prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis 164:194 prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis 164:194 New markers based on PSA isoforms have recently been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. 27279911 9 58 theme BPH 1526:1528 arg1 BPH 1526:1528 BPH 1526:1528 BPH 1526:1528 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 58 theme BPH 1526:1528 arg1 PCa 1505:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 58 theme BPH 1526:1528 arg1 group 1517:1521 the group 1513:1521 the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively 1513:1629 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 58 theme BPH 1526:1528 arg1 PCa 1559:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 58 theme BPH 1526:1528 arg1 low- 1531:1534 low- 1531:1534 low- 1531:1534 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 4 59 from sialylation 467:477 arg1 patients 503:510 PCa patients 499:510 PCa patients 499:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 9 60 theme low- 1531:1534 arg1 BPH 1526:1528 BPH 1526:1528 BPH 1526:1528 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 60 theme low- 1531:1534 arg1 PCa 1505:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 60 theme low- 1531:1534 arg1 group 1517:1521 the group 1513:1521 the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively 1513:1629 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 60 theme low- 1531:1534 arg1 PCa 1559:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 60 theme low- 1531:1534 arg1 low- 1531:1534 low- 1531:1534 low- 1531:1534 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 10 61 theme translational 1785:1797 arg1 application 1799:1809 translational application 1785:1809 translational application in the clinic 1785:1823 The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic. 27279911 4 62 from fucosylation 450:461 arg1 patients 503:510 PCa patients 499:510 PCa patients 499:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 4 63 gly sialylation 467:477 arg1 N-glycans 486:494 PSA N-glycans 482:494 PSA N-glycans 482:494 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 4 63 gly sialylation 467:477 arg1 patients 503:510 PCa patients 499:510 PCa patients 499:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 6 64 theme serum 920:924 arg1 samples 926:932 serum samples 920:932 serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 920:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 9 65 theme PCa 1559:1561 arg1 BPH 1526:1528 BPH 1526:1528 BPH 1526:1528 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 65 theme PCa 1559:1561 arg1 PCa 1505:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 high-risk PCa 1495:1507 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 65 theme PCa 1559:1561 arg1 group 1517:1521 the group 1513:1521 the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively 1513:1629 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 65 theme PCa 1559:1561 arg1 PCa 1559:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 intermediate-risk PCa 1541:1561 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 65 theme PCa 1559:1561 arg1 low- 1531:1534 low- 1531:1534 low- 1531:1534 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 4 66 theme fucosylation 450:461 arg1 extent 435:440 the extent 431:440 the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients 431:555 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 5 67 theme serum 658:662 arg1 PSA 664:666 serum PSA 658:666 serum PSA 658:666 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 4 68 theme PCa 499:501 arg1 patients 503:510 PCa patients 499:510 PCa patients 499:510 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 6 69 theme N-glycans 907:915 arg1 linkage 892:898 the sialic acid linkage 876:898 the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 876:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 6 69 theme N-glycans 907:915 arg1 fucosylation 859:870 the core fucosylation 850:870 the core fucosylation 850:870 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 8 70 with BPH 1326:1328 arg1 sensitivity 1339:1349 90% sensitivity 1335:1349 90% sensitivity 1335:1349 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 8 70 with BPH 1326:1328 arg1 specificity 1359:1369 95% specificity 1355:1369 95% specificity 1355:1369 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 4 71 from changes 420:426 arg1 extent 435:440 the extent 431:440 the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients 431:555 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 2 72 from PCa 290:292 arg1 aggressive 259:268 aggressive 259:268 aggressive 259:268 However, novel approaches are still required to differentiate aggressive from non-aggressive PCa to improve decision making for patients. 27279911 6 73 theme PCa 952:954 arg1 patients 961:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients 939:968 BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness 939:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 9 74 theme % 1605:1605 arg1 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 74 theme % 1605:1605 arg1 sensitivity 1570:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 8 75 theme 0.86 1245:1248 arg1 value 1236:1240 a cut-off value 1226:1240 a cut-off value 1226:1240 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 7 76 theme high-risk 1127:1135 arg1 PCa 1137:1139 high-risk PCa 1127:1139 high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients 1127:1208 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 10 77 from application 1799:1809 arg1 clinic 1818:1823 the clinic 1814:1823 the clinic 1814:1823 The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic. 27279911 4 78 theme sialylation 467:477 arg1 extent 435:440 the extent 431:440 the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients 431:555 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 7 79 theme PSA 1120:1122 arg1 percentage 1106:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1085:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1085:1122 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 5 80 theme study 599:603 arg1 objective 581:589 The objective 577:589 The objective of this study 577:603 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 9 81 theme acid 1424:1427 arg1 percentage 1429:1438 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1408:1438 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1408:1445 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 4 82 theme PSA 482:484 arg1 N-glycans 486:494 PSA N-glycans 482:494 PSA N-glycans 482:494 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 8 83 theme core 1261:1264 arg1 ratio 1273:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 4 84 theme BPH 544:546 arg1 patients 548:555 BPH patients 544:555 BPH patients 544:555 In particular, changes in the extent of core fucosylation and sialylation of PSA N-glycans in PCa patients compared to healthy controls or BPH patients have been reported. 27279911 8 85 theme ratio 1273:1277 arg1 0.86 1245:1248 0.86 1245:1248 0.86 1245:1248 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 8 85 theme ratio 1273:1277 arg1 ratio 1273:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 the PSA core fucose ratio 1253:1277 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 0 86 theme Cancer 24:29 arg1 Diagnosis 31:39 Prostate Cancer Diagnosis 15:39 Prostate Cancer Diagnosis 15:39 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 27279911 7 87 from decrease 1038:1045 arg1 fucose 1059:1064 the core fucose 1050:1064 the core fucose 1050:1064 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 7 87 from decrease 1038:1045 arg1 percentage 1106:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage 1085:1115 the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1085:1122 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 5 88 theme different 754:762 arg1 aggressiveness 764:777 different aggressiveness 754:777 different aggressiveness 754:777 The objective of this study was to determine these specific glycan structures in serum PSA to analyze their potential value as markers for discriminating between BPH and PCa of different aggressiveness. 27279911 9 89 theme cut-off 1452:1458 arg1 value 1460:1464 the cut-off value 1448:1464 the cut-off value of 30% 1448:1471 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 6 90 theme different 975:983 arg1 degrees 985:991 different degrees 975:991 different degrees of aggressiveness 975:1009 In the present work, we have established two methodologies to analyze the core fucosylation and the sialic acid linkage of PSA N-glycans in serum samples from BPH (29) and PCa (44) patients with different degrees of aggressiveness. 27279911 10 91 theme latter 1657:1662 arg1 marker 1664:1669 The latter marker 1653:1669 The latter marker 1653:1669 The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic. 27279911 8 92 theme high-risk 1298:1306 arg1 patients 1312:1319 high-risk PCa patients 1298:1319 high-risk PCa patients 1298:1319 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 0 93 theme PSA 54:56 arg1 Changes 81:87 Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes 44:87 Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes 44:87 Improvement of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by Detecting PSA Glycosylation-Specific Changes. 27279911 3 94 gly glycoforms 339:348 arg1 PSA 335:337 PSA glycoforms 335:348 PSA glycoforms 335:348 PSA glycoforms have been shown to be differentially expressed in PCa. 27279911 8 95 theme % 1357:1357 arg1 specificity 1359:1369 95% specificity 1355:1369 95% specificity 1355:1369 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 9 96 theme % 1471:1471 arg1 value 1460:1464 the cut-off value 1448:1464 the cut-off value of 30% 1448:1471 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 7 97 theme PCa 1197:1199 arg1 patients 1201:1208 high-risk PCa patients 1187:1208 high-risk PCa patients 1187:1208 We detected a significant decrease in the core fucose and an increase in the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA in high-risk PCa that differentiated BPH and low-risk PCa from high-risk PCa patients. 27279911 9 98 theme percentage 1429:1438 arg1 case 1400:1403 the case 1396:1403 the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA 1396:1445 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 10 99 theme non-aggressive 1740:1753 arg1 PCa 1755:1757 aggressive and non-aggressive PCa 1725:1757 aggressive and non-aggressive PCa 1725:1757 The latter marker exhibited high performance in differentiating between aggressive and non-aggressive PCa and has the potential for translational application in the clinic. 27279911 8 100 theme 90 1335:1336 arg1 % 1337:1337 % 1337:1337 % 1337:1337 In particular, a cut-off value of 0.86 of the PSA core fucose ratio, could distinguish high-risk PCa patients from BPH with 90% sensitivity and 95% specificity, with an AUC of 0.94. 27279911 9 101 with group 1517:1521 arg1 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 specificity 1586:1596 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27279911 9 101 with group 1517:1521 arg1 sensitivity 1570:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 a sensitivity 1568:1580 In the case of the α2,3-sialic acid percentage of PSA, the cut-off value of 30% discriminated between high-risk PCa and the group of BPH, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa with a sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 95.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.97. 27094474 5 0 theme previous 1140:1147 arg1 data 1149:1152 previous data 1140:1152 previous data 1140:1152 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 4 1 theme affinity 832:839 arg1 method 849:854 a novel affinity capture method 824:854 a novel affinity capture method 824:854 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 2 theme several 857:863 arg1 groups 865:870 several groups 857:870 several groups 857:870 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 2 theme several 857:863 arg1 proteins 875:882 proteins 875:882 proteins with different glycan specificities 875:918 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 3 3 dep addressed 664:672 arg1 recognition 756:766 gamete recognition 749:766 (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction) 745:793 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 3 dep addressed 664:672 arg1 interaction 782:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 3 dep addressed 664:672 arg1 formation 679:687 formation 679:687 (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium 675:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 2 4 theme relevant 480:487 arg1 lectins 472:478 sperm lectins 466:478 sperm lectins relevant in fertilization 466:504 In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. 27094474 4 5 theme novel 826:830 arg1 method 849:854 a novel affinity capture method 824:854 a novel affinity capture method 824:854 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 5 6 theme mammalian 1383:1391 arg1 fertilization 1393:1405 mammalian fertilization 1383:1405 mammalian fertilization 1383:1405 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 4 7 theme capture 841:847 arg1 method 849:854 a novel affinity capture method 824:854 a novel affinity capture method 824:854 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 5 8 theme multiple 1449:1456 arg1 ligands/receptors 1458:1474 multiple ligands/receptors 1449:1474 multiple ligands/receptors 1449:1474 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 9 theme membrane 1249:1256 arg1 remodeling 1258:1267 membrane remodeling 1249:1267 membrane remodeling 1249:1267 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 1 10 from data 186:189 arg1 composition 198:208 composition 198:208 composition 198:208 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 1 10 from data 186:189 arg1 identities 214:223 identities 214:223 identities 214:223 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 3 11 theme journey 552:558 arg1 complexity 517:526 the complexity 513:526 the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey 513:558 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 5 12 theme fertilization 1220:1232 arg1 transport 1270:1278 transport 1270:1278 transport 1270:1278 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 12 theme fertilization 1220:1232 arg1 remodeling 1258:1267 membrane remodeling 1249:1267 membrane remodeling 1249:1267 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 12 theme fertilization 1220:1232 arg1 function 1296:1303 function 1296:1303 function 1296:1303 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 12 theme fertilization 1220:1232 arg1 protection 1281:1290 protection 1281:1290 protection 1281:1290 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 12 theme fertilization 1220:1232 arg1 events 1234:1239 fertilization events 1220:1239 fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function 1220:1303 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 13 theme recognition/binding 1480:1498 arg1 events 1500:1505 recognition/binding events 1480:1505 recognition/binding events 1480:1505 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 1 14 from glycans 328:334 arg1 interactions 344:355 such interactions 339:355 such interactions 339:355 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 3 15 theme sperm 696:700 arg1 reservoir 702:710 the sperm reservoir 692:710 the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium 692:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 16 from epithelium 729:738 arg1 recognition 756:766 gamete recognition 749:766 (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction) 745:793 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 16 from epithelium 729:738 arg1 interaction 782:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 16 from epithelium 729:738 arg1 formation 679:687 formation 679:687 (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium 675:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 5 17 theme simple 1356:1361 arg1 model 1376:1380 a simple lock-and-key model 1354:1380 a simple lock-and-key model 1354:1380 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 3 18 theme sperm-toward-egg 535:550 arg1 journey 552:558 the sperm-toward-egg journey 531:558 the sperm-toward-egg journey 531:558 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 4 19 theme sperm 1106:1110 arg1 function 1094:1101 function 1094:1101 function 1094:1101 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 19 theme sperm 1106:1110 arg1 efficacy 1027:1034 the efficacy 1023:1034 the efficacy of our selective approach 1023:1060 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 19 theme sperm 1106:1110 arg1 composition 1078:1088 complex composition 1070:1088 complex composition 1070:1088 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 20 theme sperm 990:994 arg1 surface 996:1002 sperm surface 990:1002 sperm surface 990:1002 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 3 21 theme reservoir 702:710 arg1 recognition 756:766 gamete recognition 749:766 (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction) 745:793 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 21 theme reservoir 702:710 arg1 interaction 782:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 21 theme reservoir 702:710 arg1 formation 679:687 formation 679:687 (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium 675:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 5 22 theme lock-and-key 1363:1374 arg1 model 1376:1380 a simple lock-and-key model 1354:1380 a simple lock-and-key model 1354:1380 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 1 23 theme Glycan-protein 110:123 arg1 interactions 125:136 Glycan-protein interactions 110:136 Glycan-protein interactions 110:136 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 4 24 with proteins 875:882 arg1 specificities 906:918 different glycan specificities 889:918 different glycan specificities 889:918 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 3 25 from reservoir 702:710 arg1 epithelium 729:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 0 26 theme Sperm 25:29 arg1 Proteins 39:46 Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 18:46 Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 18:46 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions. 27094474 3 27 dep formation 679:687 arg1 1 676:676 1 676:676 1 676:676 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 5 28 theme complex 1419:1425 arg1 interactome 1427:1437 a complex interactome 1417:1437 a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events 1417:1505 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 3 29 dep primarily 604:612 arg1 both 599:602 both 599:602 both 599:602 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 0 30 theme Bovine 18:23 arg1 Proteins 39:46 Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 18:46 Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 18:46 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions. 27094474 3 31 theme oviductal 719:727 arg1 epithelium 729:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 4 32 theme proteins 875:882 arg1 groups 865:870 several groups 857:870 several groups 857:870 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 32 theme proteins 875:882 arg1 proteins 875:882 proteins 875:882 proteins with different glycan specificities 875:918 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 3 33 dep recognition 756:766 arg1 2 746:746 2 746:746 2 746:746 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 34 theme important 565:573 arg1 aspects 575:581 two important aspects 561:581 two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, 561:652 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 2 35 theme bovine 416:421 arg1 model 423:427 a bovine model 414:427 a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization 414:504 In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. 27094474 0 36 theme Proteins 39:46 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 0:46 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions. 27094474 4 37 theme glycan 899:904 arg1 specificities 906:918 different glycan specificities 889:918 different glycan specificities 889:918 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 2 38 from relevant 480:487 arg1 fertilization 492:504 fertilization 492:504 fertilization 492:504 In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. 27094474 1 39 dep composition 198:208 arg1 the 194:196 the 194:196 the 194:196 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 4 40 theme complex 1070:1076 arg1 composition 1078:1088 complex composition 1070:1088 complex composition 1070:1088 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 1 41 theme protein 228:234 arg1 complexes 236:244 protein complexes 228:244 protein complexes involved in fertilization events 228:277 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 0 42 theme Surface 31:37 arg1 Proteins 39:46 Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 18:46 Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins 18:46 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions. 27094474 3 43 from formation 679:687 arg1 epithelium 729:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 2 44 theme sperm 466:470 arg1 lectins 472:478 sperm lectins 466:478 sperm lectins relevant in fertilization 466:504 In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. 27094474 2 45 used used 409:412 arg2 we 401:402 we 401:402 we 401:402 In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. 27094474 1 46 theme complexes 236:244 arg1 composition 198:208 composition 198:208 composition 198:208 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 1 46 theme complexes 236:244 arg1 identities 214:223 identities 214:223 identities 214:223 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 4 47 dep composition 1078:1088 arg1 the 1066:1068 the 1066:1068 the 1066:1068 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 3 48 theme gamete 749:754 arg1 recognition 756:766 gamete recognition 749:766 (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction) 745:793 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 48 theme gamete 749:754 arg1 interaction 782:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 49 from recognition 756:766 arg1 epithelium 729:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 the oviductal epithelium 715:738 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 2 50 from fertilization 492:504 arg1 relevant 480:487 relevant 480:487 relevant 480:487 In this study we have used a bovine model to detect, characterize and identify sperm lectins relevant in fertilization. 27094474 4 51 theme whole 802:806 arg1 cells 814:818 whole sperm cells 802:818 whole sperm cells 802:818 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 1 52 theme key 145:147 arg1 role 149:152 a key role 143:152 a key role 143:152 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 4 53 theme different 889:897 arg1 specificities 906:918 different glycan specificities 889:918 different glycan specificities 889:918 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 54 theme sperm 808:812 arg1 cells 814:818 whole sperm cells 802:818 whole sperm cells 802:818 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 3 55 theme process 590:596 arg1 aspects 575:581 two important aspects 561:581 two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, 561:652 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 1 56 theme such 339:342 arg1 interactions 344:355 such interactions 339:355 such interactions 339:355 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 3 57 theme oocyte-sperm 769:780 arg1 recognition 756:766 gamete recognition 749:766 (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction) 745:793 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 57 theme oocyte-sperm 769:780 arg1 interaction 782:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 oocyte-sperm interaction 769:792 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 3 58 theme protein-sugar 626:638 arg1 interactions 640:651 protein-sugar interactions 626:651 protein-sugar interactions 626:651 Given the complexity of the sperm-toward-egg journey, two important aspects of the process, both primarily mediated by protein-sugar interactions, have been addressed: (1) formation of the sperm reservoir in the oviductal epithelium, and (2) gamete recognition (oocyte-sperm interaction). 27094474 1 59 theme mammalian 157:165 arg1 fertilization 167:179 mammalian fertilization 157:179 mammalian fertilization 157:179 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 4 60 theme approach 1053:1060 arg1 function 1094:1101 function 1094:1101 function 1094:1101 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 60 theme approach 1053:1060 arg1 efficacy 1027:1034 the efficacy 1023:1034 the efficacy of our selective approach 1023:1060 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 4 60 theme approach 1053:1060 arg1 composition 1078:1088 complex composition 1070:1088 complex composition 1070:1088 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 5 61 theme surface 1177:1183 arg1 proteins 1185:1192 sperm surface proteins 1171:1192 sperm surface proteins 1171:1192 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 0 62 theme Fertilization 82:94 arg1 Interactions 96:107 Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions 60:107 Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions 60:107 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions. 27094474 4 63 theme selective 1043:1051 arg1 approach 1053:1060 our selective approach 1039:1060 our selective approach 1039:1060 Using whole sperm cells and a novel affinity capture method, several groups of proteins with different glycan specificities, including 58 hitherto unreported as lectins, have been identified in sperm surface, underscoring both the efficacy of our selective approach and the complex composition and function of sperm. 27094474 1 64 theme fertilization 258:270 arg1 events 272:277 fertilization events 258:277 fertilization events 258:277 Glycan-protein interactions play a key role in mammalian fertilization, but data on the composition and identities of protein complexes involved in fertilization events are scarce, with the added complication that the glycans in such interactions tend to differ among species. 27094474 0 65 theme Carbohydrate-mediated 60:80 arg1 Interactions 96:107 Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions 60:107 Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions 60:107 Identification of Bovine Sperm Surface Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate-mediated Fertilization Interactions. 27094474 5 66 theme sperm 1171:1175 arg1 proteins 1185:1192 sperm surface proteins 1171:1192 sperm surface proteins 1171:1192 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 27094474 5 67 theme significant 1199:1209 arg1 roles 1211:1215 significant roles 1199:1215 significant roles 1199:1215 Based on these results and previous data, we suggest that sperm surface proteins play significant roles in fertilization events such as membrane remodeling, transport, protection and function, thus supporting the hypothesis that rather than a simple lock-and-key model, mammalian fertilization relies on a complex interactome involving multiple ligands/receptors and recognition/binding events. 28770303 2 0 theme properties 589:598 arg1 analysis 506:513 a thorough analysis 495:513 a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 495:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 6 1 theme substrate 1475:1483 arg1 specificity 1485:1495 the more stringent substrate specificity 1456:1495 the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B 1456:1519 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 1 2 theme B 276:276 arg1 form 259:262 a recombinant form 245:262 a recombinant form of cardosin B 245:276 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 6 3 theme rennet 1570:1575 arg1 suitability 1550:1560 the observed suitability 1537:1560 the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production 1537:1597 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 1 4 theme Kluyveromyces 281:293 arg1 lactis 295:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 2 5 theme recombinant 616:626 arg1 protease 628:635 the isolated recombinant protease 603:635 the isolated recombinant protease 603:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 3 6 theme different 695:703 arg1 sequences 712:720 different linker sequences 695:720 different linker sequences 695:720 We demonstrate that the PSI domain can be substituted by different linker sequences without substantially affecting protein secretion and milk clotting activity. 28770303 3 7 theme protein 754:760 arg1 secretion 762:770 protein secretion 754:770 protein secretion 754:770 We demonstrate that the PSI domain can be substituted by different linker sequences without substantially affecting protein secretion and milk clotting activity. 28770303 6 8 theme observed 1541:1548 arg1 suitability 1550:1560 the observed suitability 1537:1560 the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production 1537:1597 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 2 9 theme requirements 534:545 arg1 analysis 506:513 a thorough analysis 495:513 a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 495:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 3 10 theme clotting 781:788 arg1 activity 790:797 milk clotting activity 776:797 milk clotting activity 776:797 We demonstrate that the PSI domain can be substituted by different linker sequences without substantially affecting protein secretion and milk clotting activity. 28770303 5 11 theme cardosin 1111:1118 arg1 Elucidation 1123:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation 1104:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B 1104:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 12 from production 231:240 arg1 lactis 295:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 4 13 theme yields 895:900 arg1 reductions 871:880 dramatic reductions 862:880 dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system 862:928 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 6 14 from variations 1417:1426 arg1 properties 1441:1450 catalytic properties 1431:1450 catalytic properties 1431:1450 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 1 15 from optimization 215:226 arg1 lactis 295:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 1 16 from development 199:209 arg1 lactis 295:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 Kluyveromyces lactis 281:300 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 17 theme Kinetic 931:937 arg1 characterization 939:954 Kinetic characterization 931:954 Kinetic characterization 931:954 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 0 18 theme rennet 75:80 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 0:81 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 6 19 theme cheese 1581:1586 arg1 production 1588:1597 cheese production 1581:1597 cheese production 1581:1597 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 5 20 theme glycan 1281:1286 arg1 structures 1288:1297 two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures 1249:1297 structures 1288:1297 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 21 theme cardosin 1165:1172 arg1 B 1174:1174 synthetic cardosin B 1155:1174 synthetic cardosin B 1155:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 22 theme synthetic 108:116 arg1 rennet 133:138 a synthetic cardosin-based rennet 106:138 a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing 106:162 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 1 23 theme cheese 143:148 arg1 manufacturing 150:162 cheese manufacturing 143:162 cheese manufacturing 143:162 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 2 24 theme protease 628:635 arg1 properties 589:598 the biochemical and structural properties 558:598 the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 518:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 2 24 theme protease 628:635 arg1 requirements 534:545 the specificity requirements 518:545 the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 518:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 6 25 theme catalytic 1431:1439 arg1 properties 1441:1450 catalytic properties 1431:1450 catalytic properties 1431:1450 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 2 26 from secretion 458:466 arg1 yeast 476:480 this yeast 471:480 this yeast 471:480 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 5 27 theme flap 1363:1366 arg1 region 1368:1373 the flap region 1359:1373 the flap region 1359:1373 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 0 28 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 0:81 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 2 29 theme insert 431:436 arg1 impact 402:407 the impact 398:407 the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast 398:480 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 0 30 theme structural 15:24 arg1 characterization 26:41 Functional and structural characterization 0:41 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 0:81 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 5 31 theme aspartic 1210:1217 arg1 protease 1219:1226 an aspartic protease 1207:1226 an aspartic protease 1207:1226 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 32 theme profiling 972:980 arg1 results 982:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results 931:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results 931:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 33 dep development 199:209 arg1 the 195:197 the 195:197 the 195:197 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 34 theme catalytic 1047:1055 arg1 efficiency 1057:1066 lower catalytic efficiency 1041:1066 lower catalytic efficiency 1041:1066 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 2 35 theme B 456:456 arg1 secretion 458:466 cardosin B secretion 447:466 cardosin B secretion in this yeast 447:480 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 4 36 theme portions 831:838 arg1 presence 813:820 the presence 809:820 the presence of small portions of the PSI 809:849 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 0 37 theme cardosin 56:63 arg1 rennet 75:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 5 38 theme canonical 1189:1197 arg1 fold 1199:1202 the canonical fold 1185:1202 the canonical fold of an aspartic protease 1185:1226 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 2 39 from impact 402:407 arg1 secretion 458:466 cardosin B secretion 447:466 cardosin B secretion in this yeast 447:480 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 2 40 theme detailed 337:344 arg1 characterization 346:361 a more detailed characterization 330:361 a more detailed characterization of this rennet 330:376 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 6 41 theme B 1519:1519 arg1 specificity 1485:1495 the more stringent substrate specificity 1456:1495 the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B 1456:1519 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 6 41 theme B 1519:1519 arg1 variations 1417:1426 These subtle variations 1404:1426 These subtle variations in catalytic properties 1404:1450 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 5 42 theme cardosin 1021:1028 arg1 B 1030:1030 synthetic cardosin B 1011:1030 synthetic cardosin B 1011:1030 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 6 43 theme synthetic 1500:1508 arg1 B 1519:1519 synthetic cardosin B 1500:1519 synthetic cardosin B 1500:1519 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 5 44 theme mannose-type 1258:1269 arg1 structures 1288:1297 two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures 1249:1297 structures 1288:1297 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 6 45 from specificity 1485:1495 arg1 properties 1441:1450 catalytic properties 1431:1450 catalytic properties 1431:1450 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 2 46 theme rennet 371:376 arg1 characterization 346:361 a more detailed characterization 330:361 a more detailed characterization of this rennet 330:376 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 1 47 theme cardosin 267:274 arg1 B 276:276 cardosin B 267:276 cardosin B 267:276 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 48 theme synthetic 1155:1163 arg1 B 1174:1174 synthetic cardosin B 1155:1174 synthetic cardosin B 1155:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 2 49 theme structural 578:587 arg1 properties 589:598 the biochemical and structural properties 558:598 the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 518:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 6 50 theme stringent 1465:1473 arg1 specificity 1485:1495 the more stringent substrate specificity 1456:1495 the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B 1456:1519 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 2 51 theme biochemical 562:572 arg1 properties 589:598 the biochemical and structural properties 558:598 the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 518:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 6 52 theme subtle 1410:1415 arg1 variations 1417:1426 These subtle variations 1404:1426 These subtle variations in catalytic properties 1404:1450 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 2 53 theme isolated 607:614 arg1 protease 628:635 the isolated recombinant protease 603:635 the isolated recombinant protease 603:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 0 54 link B-derived 65:73 arg1 rennet 75:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 3 55 theme linker 705:710 arg1 sequences 712:720 different linker sequences 695:720 different linker sequences 695:720 We demonstrate that the PSI domain can be substituted by different linker sequences without substantially affecting protein secretion and milk clotting activity. 28770303 1 56 from lactis 295:300 arg1 development 199:209 development 199:209 development 199:209 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 1 56 from lactis 295:300 arg1 optimization 215:226 optimization 215:226 optimization 215:226 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 4 57 theme PSI 847:849 arg1 portions 831:838 small portions 825:838 small portions of the PSI 825:849 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 4 58 theme heterologous 910:921 arg1 system 923:928 this heterologous system 905:928 this heterologous system 905:928 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 5 59 theme native 1104:1109 arg1 Elucidation 1123:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation 1104:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B 1104:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 60 theme production 231:240 arg1 development 199:209 development 199:209 development 199:209 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 1 60 theme production 231:240 arg1 optimization 215:226 optimization 215:226 optimization 215:226 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 61 link N-linked 1272:1279 arg1 structures 1288:1297 two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures 1249:1297 structures 1288:1297 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 62 theme B. 1120:1121 arg1 Elucidation 1123:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation 1104:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B 1104:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 63 theme cardosin-based 118:131 arg1 rennet 133:138 a synthetic cardosin-based rennet 106:138 a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing 106:162 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 4 64 theme secretion 885:893 arg1 yields 895:900 secretion yields 885:900 secretion yields 885:900 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 5 65 from differences 1324:1334 arg1 conformation 1343:1354 the conformation 1339:1354 the conformation of the flap region 1339:1373 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 3 66 theme milk 776:779 arg1 activity 790:797 milk clotting activity 776:797 milk clotting activity 776:797 We demonstrate that the PSI domain can be substituted by different linker sequences without substantially affecting protein secretion and milk clotting activity. 28770303 5 67 theme N-linked 1272:1279 arg1 structures 1288:1297 two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures 1249:1297 structures 1288:1297 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 4 68 from reductions 871:880 arg1 system 923:928 this heterologous system 905:928 this heterologous system 905:928 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 2 69 theme specificity 522:532 arg1 requirements 534:545 the specificity requirements 518:545 the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 518:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 5 70 theme structures 1288:1297 arg1 presence 1237:1244 the presence 1233:1244 the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures 1233:1297 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 71 theme B 1174:1174 arg1 structure 1142:1150 the structure 1138:1150 the structure of synthetic cardosin B 1138:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 2 72 theme thorough 497:504 arg1 analysis 506:513 a thorough analysis 495:513 a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease 495:635 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 4 73 theme dramatic 862:869 arg1 reductions 871:880 dramatic reductions 862:880 dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system 862:928 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 1 74 theme recombinant 247:257 arg1 form 259:262 a recombinant form 245:262 a recombinant form of cardosin B 245:276 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 75 theme structure 1142:1150 arg1 Elucidation 1123:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation 1104:1133 native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B 1104:1174 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 76 theme characterization 939:954 arg1 results 982:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results 931:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results 931:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 77 from rennet 133:138 arg1 manufacturing 150:162 cheese manufacturing 143:162 cheese manufacturing 143:162 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 78 theme specificity 960:970 arg1 results 982:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results 931:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results 931:988 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 2 79 theme plant-specific 416:429 arg1 PSI 439:441 PSI 439:441 PSI 439:441 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 2 79 theme plant-specific 416:429 arg1 insert 431:436 plant-specific insert 416:436 the plant-specific insert (PSI) 412:442 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 0 80 theme synthetic 46:54 arg1 rennet 75:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 5 81 theme protease 1219:1226 arg1 fold 1199:1202 the canonical fold 1185:1202 the canonical fold of an aspartic protease 1185:1226 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 82 theme lower 1041:1045 arg1 efficiency 1057:1066 lower catalytic efficiency 1041:1066 lower catalytic efficiency 1041:1066 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 1 83 theme form 259:262 arg1 production 231:240 production 231:240 production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis 231:300 The potential of using a synthetic cardosin-based rennet in cheese manufacturing was recently demonstrated with the development and optimization of production of a recombinant form of cardosin B in Kluyveromyces lactis. 28770303 5 84 theme cardosin 1392:1399 arg1 A 1401:1401 cardosin A 1392:1401 cardosin A 1392:1401 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 0 85 theme B-derived 65:73 arg1 rennet 75:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet 46:80 Functional and structural characterization of synthetic cardosin B-derived rennet. 28770303 2 86 theme cardosin 447:454 arg1 secretion 458:466 cardosin B secretion 447:466 cardosin B secretion in this yeast 447:480 With the goal of providing a more detailed characterization of this rennet, we herein evaluate the impact of the plant-specific insert (PSI) on cardosin B secretion in this yeast, and provide a thorough analysis of the specificity requirements as well as the biochemical and structural properties of the isolated recombinant protease. 28770303 3 87 theme PSI 662:664 arg1 domain 666:671 the PSI domain 658:671 the PSI domain 658:671 We demonstrate that the PSI domain can be substituted by different linker sequences without substantially affecting protein secretion and milk clotting activity. 28770303 4 88 theme small 825:829 arg1 portions 831:838 small portions 825:838 small portions of the PSI 825:849 However, the presence of small portions of the PSI results in dramatic reductions of secretion yields in this heterologous system. 28770303 5 89 theme synthetic 1011:1019 arg1 B 1030:1030 synthetic cardosin B 1011:1030 synthetic cardosin B 1011:1030 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 5 90 theme region 1368:1373 arg1 conformation 1343:1354 the conformation 1339:1354 the conformation of the flap region 1339:1373 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 28770303 6 91 theme cardosin 1510:1517 arg1 B 1519:1519 synthetic cardosin B 1500:1519 synthetic cardosin B 1500:1519 These subtle variations in catalytic properties and the more stringent substrate specificity of synthetic cardosin B help to explain the observed suitability of this rennet for cheese production. 28770303 5 92 theme high 1253:1256 arg1 structures 1288:1297 two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures 1249:1297 structures 1288:1297 Kinetic characterization and specificity profiling results clearly suggest that synthetic cardosin B displays lower catalytic efficiency and is more sequence selective than native cardosin B. Elucidation of the structure of synthetic cardosin B confirms the canonical fold of an aspartic protease with the presence of two high mannose-type, N-linked glycan structures; however, there are some differences in the conformation of the flap region when compared to cardosin A. 24746228 11 0 theme products 1822:1829 arg1 generation 1796:1805 the next generation 1787:1805 the next generation of combination products and biomaterials 1787:1846 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 8 1 theme general 1328:1334 arg1 models 1343:1348 multivariate general linear models 1315:1348 multivariate general linear models 1315:1348 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 10 2 dep linked 1586:1591 arg1 α1-2 1581:1584 α1-2 1581:1584 α1-2 1581:1584 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 3 3 theme surface 573:579 arg1 modulation 606:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation 573:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 573:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 1 4 theme immunosuppressive 268:284 arg1 effects 286:292 immunosuppressive effects 268:292 immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins 268:326 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 3 5 theme relevant 560:567 arg1 factors 552:558 the molecular factors 538:558 the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 538:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 3 5 theme relevant 560:567 arg1 unknown 654:660 unknown 654:660 unknown 654:660 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 5 6 theme protein 871:877 arg1 carrier 879:885 a model protein carrier 863:885 a model protein carrier 863:885 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 3 7 theme glycoconjugate 591:604 arg1 modulation 606:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation 573:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 573:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 1 8 theme pathogen-induced 200:215 arg1 immunity 224:231 pathogen-induced innate immunity 200:231 pathogen-induced innate immunity 200:231 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 8 9 theme underlying 1225:1234 arg1 trends 1236:1241 The underlying trends 1221:1241 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties 1221:1293 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 10 10 theme linked 1586:1591 arg1 structures 1601:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 5 11 theme Thiol 815:819 arg1 glycans 830:836 Thiol modified glycans 815:836 Thiol modified glycans 815:836 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 9 12 theme greatest 1431:1438 arg1 impact 1440:1445 the greatest impact 1427:1445 the greatest impact 1427:1445 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 10 13 theme terminal 1572:1579 arg1 structures 1601:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 3 14 theme cell 630:633 arg1 phenotype 640:648 dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 620:648 dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 620:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 5 15 theme serum 920:924 arg1 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 15 theme serum 920:924 arg1 albumin 926:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin 888:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA) 888:938 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 9 16 theme pro-inflammatory 1454:1469 arg1 response 1471:1478 the pro-inflammatory response 1450:1478 the pro-inflammatory response from DCs 1450:1487 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 10 17 theme DC 1651:1652 arg1 response 1654:1661 the inflammatory DC response 1634:1661 the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent 1634:1681 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 3 18 theme phenotype 640:648 arg1 modulation 606:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation 573:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 573:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 8 19 theme conjugate 1274:1282 arg1 properties 1284:1293 conjugate properties 1274:1293 conjugate properties 1274:1293 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 7 20 theme plate 1171:1175 arg1 wells 1151:1155 wells 1151:1155 wells of a 384-well plate 1151:1175 The DC response to the neoglycoconjugates adsorbed to wells of a 384-well plate was determined via a high throughput assay. 24746228 5 21 theme functionalized 898:911 arg1 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 21 theme functionalized 898:911 arg1 albumin 926:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin 888:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA) 888:938 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 4 22 theme composition 745:755 arg1 role 730:733 the role 726:733 the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response 726:812 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 10 23 theme glycan 1711:1716 arg1 structure 1718:1726 any other terminal glycan structure 1692:1726 any other terminal glycan structure 1692:1726 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 4 24 theme carrier 771:777 arg1 state 793:797 carrier cationization state 771:797 carrier cationization state 771:797 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 5 25 theme glycans 959:965 arg1 number 949:954 the number 945:954 the number of glycans per BSA modulated 945:983 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 25 theme glycans 959:965 arg1 carrier 879:885 a model protein carrier 863:885 a model protein carrier 863:885 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 25 theme glycans 959:965 arg1 albumin 926:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin 888:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA) 888:938 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 25 theme glycans 959:965 arg1 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 2 26 theme adsorbed 478:485 arg1 proteins 487:494 adsorbed proteins 478:494 adsorbed proteins 478:494 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 9 27 contain had 1423:1425 arg1 glycoconjugates 1369:1383 glycoconjugates 1369:1383 glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier 1369:1421 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 9 27 contain had 1423:1425 arg2 impact 1440:1445 the greatest impact 1427:1445 the greatest impact 1427:1445 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 4 28 theme glycan 738:743 arg1 composition 745:755 glycan composition 738:755 glycan composition 738:755 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 0 29 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 factors 10:16 Molecular factors 0:16 Molecular factors in dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates 0:72 Molecular factors in dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates. 24746228 9 30 theme isoelectric 1523:1533 arg1 point 1535:1539 an isoelectric point 1520:1539 an isoelectric point above 9.5 1520:1549 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 2 31 theme implanted 379:387 arg1 biomaterials 389:400 implanted biomaterials 379:400 implanted biomaterials 379:400 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 2 32 theme inflammatory 442:453 arg1 cells 455:459 inflammatory cells 442:459 inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated 442:526 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 5 33 theme modified 821:828 arg1 glycans 830:836 Thiol modified glycans 815:836 Thiol modified glycans 815:836 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 0 34 theme cell 31:34 arg1 responses 36:44 dendritic cell responses 21:44 dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates 21:72 Molecular factors in dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates. 24746228 6 35 theme isoelectric 1012:1022 arg1 point 1024:1028 the carrier isoelectric point 1000:1028 the carrier isoelectric point 1000:1028 Additionally, the carrier isoelectric point was scaled from a pI of ∼4.0 to ∼10.0 using ethylenediamine (EDA). 24746228 2 36 theme inflammatory 354:365 arg1 response 367:374 the innate inflammatory response 343:374 the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials 343:400 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 10 37 theme greater 1668:1674 arg1 extent 1676:1681 a greater extent 1666:1681 a greater extent 1666:1681 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 11 38 theme implanted 1879:1887 arg1 materials 1889:1897 implanted materials 1879:1897 implanted materials 1879:1897 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 4 39 theme state 793:797 arg1 role 730:733 the role 726:733 the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response 726:812 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 9 40 with glycoconjugates 1369:1383 arg1 glycans 1403:1409 more than 20 glycans 1390:1409 more than 20 glycans per carrier 1390:1421 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 10 41 theme other 1696:1700 arg1 structure 1718:1726 any other terminal glycan structure 1692:1726 any other terminal glycan structure 1692:1726 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 9 42 contain having 1513:1518 arg1 conjugates 1502:1511 conjugates 1502:1511 conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5 1502:1549 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 9 42 contain having 1513:1518 arg2 point 1535:1539 an isoelectric point 1520:1539 an isoelectric point above 9.5 1520:1549 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 6 43 theme ∼10.0 1062:1066 arg1 pI 1048:1049 a pI 1046:1049 a pI of ∼4.0 to ∼10.0 1046:1066 Additionally, the carrier isoelectric point was scaled from a pI of ∼4.0 to ∼10.0 using ethylenediamine (EDA). 24746228 4 44 theme DC 802:803 arg1 response 805:812 DC response 802:812 DC response 802:812 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 7 45 theme throughput 1203:1212 arg1 assay 1214:1218 a high throughput assay 1196:1218 a high throughput assay 1196:1218 The DC response to the neoglycoconjugates adsorbed to wells of a 384-well plate was determined via a high throughput assay. 24746228 11 46 theme combination 1810:1820 arg1 products 1822:1829 combination products 1810:1829 combination products 1810:1829 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 9 47 from DCs 1485:1487 arg1 response 1471:1478 the pro-inflammatory response 1450:1478 the pro-inflammatory response from DCs 1450:1487 It was found that glycoconjugates with more than 20 glycans per carrier had the greatest impact on the pro-inflammatory response from DCs, followed by conjugates having an isoelectric point above 9.5. 24746228 11 48 from use 1852:1854 arg1 vaccines 1866:1873 future vaccines 1859:1873 future vaccines 1859:1873 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 11 48 from use 1852:1854 arg1 materials 1889:1897 implanted materials 1879:1897 implanted materials 1879:1897 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 5 49 theme maleimide 888:896 arg1 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 49 theme maleimide 888:896 arg1 albumin 926:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin 888:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA) 888:938 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 11 50 theme generation 1796:1805 arg1 design 1777:1782 the design 1773:1782 the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials 1773:1897 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 10 51 theme terminal 1702:1709 arg1 structure 1718:1726 any other terminal glycan structure 1692:1726 any other terminal glycan structure 1692:1726 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 1 52 from effects 286:292 arg1 tolerance 301:309 the tolerance 297:309 the tolerance to self-proteins 297:326 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 5 53 theme model 865:869 arg1 carrier 879:885 a model protein carrier 863:885 a model protein carrier 863:885 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 10 54 link linked 1586:1591 arg1 structures 1601:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 3 55 theme displayed 581:589 arg1 modulation 606:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation 573:615 surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 573:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 10 56 theme mannose 1593:1599 arg1 structures 1601:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures 1572:1610 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 1 57 theme innate 217:222 arg1 immunity 224:231 pathogen-induced innate immunity 200:231 pathogen-induced innate immunity 200:231 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 1 58 from processing 245:254 arg1 tolerance 301:309 the tolerance 297:309 the tolerance to self-proteins 297:326 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 3 59 theme dendritic 620:628 arg1 DC 636:637 DC 636:637 DC 636:637 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 3 59 theme dendritic 620:628 arg1 cell 630:633 dendritic cell 620:633 dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 620:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 1 60 from immunity 224:231 arg1 tolerance 301:309 the tolerance 297:309 the tolerance to self-proteins 297:326 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 5 61 theme bovine 913:918 arg1 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 BSA 935:937 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 5 61 theme bovine 913:918 arg1 albumin 926:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin 888:932 maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA) 888:938 Thiol modified glycans were covalently bound to a model protein carrier, maleimide functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the number of glycans per BSA modulated. 24746228 1 62 theme pro-inflammatory 134:149 arg1 effects 151:157 pro-inflammatory effects 134:157 pro-inflammatory effects 134:157 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 6 63 theme carrier 1004:1010 arg1 point 1024:1028 the carrier isoelectric point 1000:1028 the carrier isoelectric point 1000:1028 Additionally, the carrier isoelectric point was scaled from a pI of ∼4.0 to ∼10.0 using ethylenediamine (EDA). 24746228 8 64 theme DC 1246:1247 arg1 phenotype 1249:1257 DC phenotype 1246:1257 DC phenotype 1246:1257 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 4 65 theme model 686:690 arg1 system 692:697 a model system 684:697 a model system 684:697 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 7 66 theme 384-well 1162:1169 arg1 plate 1171:1175 a 384-well plate 1160:1175 a 384-well plate 1160:1175 The DC response to the neoglycoconjugates adsorbed to wells of a 384-well plate was determined via a high throughput assay. 24746228 1 67 theme dendritic 166:174 arg1 DCs 183:185 DCs 183:185 DCs 183:185 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 1 67 theme dendritic 166:174 arg1 cells 176:180 the dendritic cells 162:180 the dendritic cells (DCs) 162:186 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 0 68 from factors 10:16 arg1 responses 36:44 dendritic cell responses 21:44 dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates 21:72 Molecular factors in dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates. 24746228 4 69 theme density 758:764 arg1 role 730:733 the role 726:733 the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response 726:812 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 11 70 theme next 1791:1794 arg1 generation 1796:1805 the next generation 1787:1805 the next generation of combination products and biomaterials 1787:1846 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 8 71 from trends 1236:1241 arg1 relation 1262:1269 relation 1262:1269 relation to conjugate properties 1262:1293 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 8 71 from trends 1236:1241 arg1 phenotype 1249:1257 DC phenotype 1246:1257 DC phenotype 1246:1257 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 10 72 dep did 1688:1690 arg1 than 1683:1686 than 1683:1686 than 1683:1686 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 11 73 theme future 1859:1864 arg1 vaccines 1866:1873 future vaccines 1859:1873 future vaccines 1859:1873 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 24746228 2 74 gly glycosylated 515:526 arg1 many 497:500 many 497:500 many 497:500 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 2 74 gly glycosylated 515:526 arg1 proteins 487:494 adsorbed proteins 478:494 adsorbed proteins 478:494 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 8 75 theme multivariate 1315:1326 arg1 models 1343:1348 multivariate general linear models 1315:1348 multivariate general linear models 1315:1348 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 0 76 theme dendritic 21:29 arg1 responses 36:44 dendritic cell responses 21:44 dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates 21:72 Molecular factors in dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates. 24746228 8 77 theme linear 1336:1341 arg1 models 1343:1348 multivariate general linear models 1315:1348 multivariate general linear models 1315:1348 The underlying trends in DC phenotype in relation to conjugate properties were elucidated via multivariate general linear models. 24746228 10 78 theme inflammatory 1638:1649 arg1 response 1654:1661 the inflammatory DC response 1634:1661 the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent 1634:1681 Surfaces displaying terminal α1-2 linked mannose structures were able to increase the inflammatory DC response to a greater extent than did any other terminal glycan structure. 24746228 7 79 theme DC 1101:1102 arg1 response 1104:1111 The DC response 1097:1111 The DC response to the neoglycoconjugates adsorbed to wells of a 384-well plate 1097:1175 The DC response to the neoglycoconjugates adsorbed to wells of a 384-well plate was determined via a high throughput assay. 24746228 0 80 theme adsorbed 49:56 arg1 glycoconjugates 58:72 adsorbed glycoconjugates 49:72 adsorbed glycoconjugates 49:72 Molecular factors in dendritic cell responses to adsorbed glycoconjugates. 24746228 2 81 theme proteins 487:494 arg1 many 497:500 many 497:500 many 497:500 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 2 81 theme proteins 487:494 arg1 proteins 487:494 adsorbed proteins 478:494 adsorbed proteins 478:494 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 6 82 dep ∼10.0 1062:1066 arg1 to 1059:1060 to 1059:1060 to 1059:1060 Additionally, the carrier isoelectric point was scaled from a pI of ∼4.0 to ∼10.0 using ethylenediamine (EDA). 24746228 2 83 theme innate 347:352 arg1 response 367:374 the innate inflammatory response 343:374 the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials 343:400 Additionally, the innate inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials has been hypothesized to be mediated by inflammatory cells interacting with adsorbed proteins, many of which are glycosylated. 24746228 4 84 from role 730:733 arg1 response 805:812 DC response 802:812 DC response 802:812 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 4 85 theme cationization 779:791 arg1 state 793:797 carrier cationization state 771:797 carrier cationization state 771:797 Thus, in this study, a model system was developed to establish the role of glycan composition, density, and carrier cationization state on DC response. 24746228 3 86 theme molecular 542:550 arg1 factors 552:558 the molecular factors 538:558 the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype 538:648 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 3 86 theme molecular 542:550 arg1 unknown 654:660 unknown 654:660 unknown 654:660 However, the molecular factors relevant for surface displayed glycoconjugate modulation of dendritic cell (DC) phenotype are unknown. 24746228 1 87 theme antigen 237:243 arg1 processing 245:254 antigen processing 237:254 antigen processing 237:254 Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates have been shown to exert pro-inflammatory effects on the dendritic cells (DCs), supporting pathogen-induced innate immunity and antigen processing, as well as immunosuppressive effects in the tolerance to self-proteins. 24746228 7 88 theme high 1198:1201 arg1 assay 1214:1218 a high throughput assay 1196:1218 a high throughput assay 1196:1218 The DC response to the neoglycoconjugates adsorbed to wells of a 384-well plate was determined via a high throughput assay. 24746228 11 89 theme biomaterials 1835:1846 arg1 generation 1796:1805 the next generation 1787:1805 the next generation of combination products and biomaterials 1787:1846 The results herein can be applied to inform the design of the next generation of combination products and biomaterials for use in future vaccines and implanted materials. 26721331 10 0 with activation 1453:1462 arg1 X 1430:1430 X 1430:1430 X 1430:1430 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 10 0 with activation 1453:1462 arg1 SLe 1426:1428 SLe 1426:1428 SLe(X) 1426:1431 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 6 1 theme reduced 940:946 arg1 extension 957:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 1 2 gly sialylation 165:175 arg1 glycans 180:186 glycans 180:186 glycans 180:186 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 1 3 theme cancer 255:260 arg1 X 301:301 sialyl-Lewis X 288:301 sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)) 288:310 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 1 3 theme cancer 255:260 arg1 epitopes 271:278 cancer relevant epitopes 255:278 cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)) 255:310 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 1 4 theme epitopes 271:278 arg1 biosynthesis 239:250 the biosynthesis 235:250 the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)) 235:310 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 6 5 theme glycosylation 903:915 arg1 extension 957:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 6 5 theme glycosylation 903:915 arg1 alterations 917:927 several glycosylation alterations 895:927 several glycosylation alterations 895:927 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 9 6 theme RON 1282:1284 arg1 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 9 6 theme RON 1282:1284 arg1 kinase 1304:1309 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 1282:1309 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 1282:1309 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 0 7 theme Glycomic 0:7 arg1 analysis 9:16 Glycomic analysis 0:16 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells 0:43 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 4 8 theme cancer 660:665 arg1 line 672:675 this gastric cancer cell line 647:675 this gastric cancer cell line 647:675 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 15 9 from Glycans 2009:2015 arg1 medicine 2033:2040 personalised medicine 2020:2040 personalised medicine" Guest Editor 2020:2054 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26721331 9 10 theme tyrosine 1295:1302 arg1 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 9 10 theme tyrosine 1295:1302 arg1 kinase 1304:1309 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 1282:1309 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 1282:1309 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 12 11 theme proteins 1656:1663 arg1 multitude 1639:1647 a multitude 1637:1647 a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy 1637:1686 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 7 12 from α2-6 1037:1040 arg1 shift 1026:1030 A shift 1024:1030 A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1024:1081 A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans was also observed. 26721331 15 13 theme Issue 1993:1997 arg1 part 1975:1978 part 1975:1978 part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc 1975:2077 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26721331 3 14 theme terminal 550:557 arg1 glycans 559:565 sialylated terminal glycans 539:565 sialylated terminal glycans 539:565 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 1 15 theme chain 206:210 arg1 elongation 212:221 further chain elongation 198:221 further chain elongation 198:221 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 9 16 from players 1347:1353 arg1 malignancy 1358:1367 malignancy 1358:1367 malignancy 1358:1367 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 6 17 dep decreased 971:979 arg1 bisected 981:988 bisected 981:988 decreased bisected 971:988 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 4 18 dep level 604:608 arg1 applying 677:684 applying 677:684 applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry 677:728 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 10 19 theme concomitant 1441:1451 arg1 activation 1453:1462 the concomitant activation 1437:1462 the concomitant activation 1437:1462 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 1 20 theme BACKGROUND 131:140 arg1 α2-3 151:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 131:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 131:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 7 21 gly sialylated 1062:1071 arg1 N-glycans 1073:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans was also observed. 26721331 4 22 theme line 672:675 arg1 glycome 614:620 the glycome 610:620 the glycome 610:620 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 4 22 theme line 672:675 arg1 sialoproteome 630:642 the sialoproteome 626:642 the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line 626:675 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 5 23 theme identified 755:764 arg1 expression 773:782 an identified target expression 752:782 an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors 752:828 We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. 26721331 12 24 theme cells 1621:1625 arg1 glycophenotype 1596:1609 the overall glycophenotype 1584:1609 the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells 1584:1625 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 14 25 theme tumor 1879:1883 arg1 glycomic/proteomic-profiling 1885:1912 an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling 1864:1912 an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification 1864:1956 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 4 26 theme liquid 686:691 arg1 chromatography 693:706 liquid chromatography 686:706 liquid chromatography 686:706 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 14 27 theme gastric 1918:1924 arg1 patients 1933:1940 gastric cancer patients 1918:1940 gastric cancer patients' stratification 1918:1956 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 13 28 theme oncogenic 1773:1781 arg1 activation 1783:1792 oncogenic activation 1773:1792 oncogenic activation 1773:1792 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 0 29 theme receptor 84:91 arg1 kinase 102:107 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 80:107 RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer 80:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 4 30 theme mass 712:715 arg1 spectrometry 717:728 mass spectrometry 712:728 mass spectrometry 712:728 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 15 31 theme personalised 2020:2031 arg1 medicine 2033:2040 personalised medicine 2020:2040 personalised medicine" Guest Editor 2020:2054 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26721331 2 32 theme tumor 354:358 arg1 phenotype 371:379 tumor aggressive phenotype 354:379 tumor aggressive phenotype 354:379 SLe(X) overexpression is associated with tumor aggressive phenotype and patients' poor prognosis. 26721331 0 33 theme kinase 102:107 arg1 activation 109:118 RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation 80:118 RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer 80:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 15 34 dep Glycans 2009:2015 arg1 Lauc 2074:2077 Lauc 2074:2077 Lauc 2074:2077 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26721331 5 35 theme gastric 815:821 arg1 tumors 823:828 gastric tumors 815:828 gastric tumors 815:828 We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. 26721331 8 36 theme Sialoproteomic 1102:1115 arg1 analysis 1117:1124 Sialoproteomic analysis 1102:1124 Sialoproteomic analysis 1102:1124 Sialoproteomic analysis further identified 47 proteins with significantly increased sialylated N-glycans. 26721331 2 37 theme poor 395:398 arg1 prognosis 400:408 patients' poor prognosis 385:408 patients' poor prognosis 385:408 SLe(X) overexpression is associated with tumor aggressive phenotype and patients' poor prognosis. 26721331 6 38 dep RESULTS 831:837 arg1 showed 851:856 showed 851:856 showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans 851:1021 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 11 39 theme gastric 1511:1517 arg1 tumors 1519:1524 gastric tumors 1511:1524 gastric tumors 1511:1524 SLe(X) and RON co-expression was validated in gastric tumors. 26721331 3 40 theme gastric 425:431 arg1 cells 443:447 MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells 419:447 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 411:494 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 1 41 theme sialyl-Lewis 288:299 arg1 SLe 304:306 SLe 304:306 SLe(X) 304:309 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 1 41 theme sialyl-Lewis 288:299 arg1 X 301:301 sialyl-Lewis X 288:301 sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)) 288:310 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 10 42 theme Further 1370:1376 arg1 analysis 1378:1385 Further analysis 1370:1385 Further analysis of RON 1370:1392 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 13 43 theme receptor 1723:1730 arg1 glycosylation 1698:1710 Aberrant glycosylation 1689:1710 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor 1689:1730 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 13 43 theme receptor 1723:1730 arg1 mechanism 1760:1768 an alternative mechanism 1745:1768 an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation 1745:1792 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 8 44 gly sialylated 1186:1195 arg1 N-glycans 1197:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 Sialoproteomic analysis further identified 47 proteins with significantly increased sialylated N-glycans. 26721331 0 45 theme carcinoma 29:37 arg1 cells 39:43 gastric carcinoma cells 21:43 gastric carcinoma cells 21:43 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 5 46 theme proximity 787:795 arg1 assay 806:810 proximity ligation assay 787:810 proximity ligation assay 787:810 We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. 26721331 6 47 theme ST3GAL4 863:869 arg1 overexpression 871:884 ST3GAL4 overexpression 863:884 ST3GAL4 overexpression 863:884 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 2 48 theme SLe 313:315 arg1 overexpression 320:333 SLe(X) overexpression 313:333 SLe(X) overexpression 313:333 SLe(X) overexpression is associated with tumor aggressive phenotype and patients' poor prognosis. 26721331 8 49 with proteins 1148:1155 arg1 N-glycans 1197:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 Sialoproteomic analysis further identified 47 proteins with significantly increased sialylated N-glycans. 26721331 8 50 theme increased 1176:1184 arg1 N-glycans 1197:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 Sialoproteomic analysis further identified 47 proteins with significantly increased sialylated N-glycans. 26721331 3 51 theme MKN45 419:423 arg1 cells 443:447 MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells 419:447 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 411:494 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 6 52 theme O-glycan 948:955 arg1 extension 957:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 5 53 theme target 766:771 arg1 expression 773:782 an identified target expression 752:782 an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors 752:828 We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. 26721331 3 54 theme sialyltransferase 470:486 arg1 ST3GAL4 488:494 the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 466:494 the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 466:494 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 9 55 theme carcinoembryonic 1252:1267 arg1 antigens 1269:1276 carcinoembryonic antigens 1252:1276 carcinoembryonic antigens 1252:1276 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 9 55 theme carcinoembryonic 1252:1267 arg1 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 1 56 theme relevant 262:269 arg1 X 301:301 sialyl-Lewis X 288:301 sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)) 288:310 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 1 56 theme relevant 262:269 arg1 epitopes 271:278 cancer relevant epitopes 255:278 cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)) 255:310 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 6 57 theme several 895:901 arg1 extension 957:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 reduced O-glycan extension 940:965 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 6 57 theme several 895:901 arg1 alterations 917:927 several glycosylation alterations 895:927 several glycosylation alterations 895:927 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 9 58 theme receptor 1286:1293 arg1 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 9 58 theme receptor 1286:1293 arg1 kinase 1304:1309 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 1282:1309 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 1282:1309 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 1 59 theme glycans 180:186 arg1 α2-3 151:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 131:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 131:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 1 59 theme glycans 180:186 arg1 sialylation 165:175 α2-6 sialylation 160:175 α2-6 sialylation 160:175 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 14 60 theme GENERAL 1795:1801 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1803:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1795:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1795:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 4 61 theme gastric 652:658 arg1 line 672:675 this gastric cancer cell line 647:675 this gastric cancer cell line 647:675 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 15 62 theme Special 1985:1991 arg1 Issue 1993:1997 a Special Issue 1983:1997 a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc 1983:2077 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26721331 3 63 theme sialylated 539:548 arg1 glycans 559:565 sialylated terminal glycans 539:565 sialylated terminal glycans 539:565 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 1 64 theme further 198:204 arg1 elongation 212:221 further chain elongation 198:221 further chain elongation 198:221 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 10 65 with modification 1408:1419 arg1 X 1430:1430 X 1430:1430 X 1430:1430 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 10 65 with modification 1408:1419 arg1 SLe 1426:1428 SLe 1426:1428 SLe(X) 1426:1431 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 0 66 from modulators 66:75 arg1 cancer 123:128 cancer 123:128 cancer 123:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 6 67 theme branched 1004:1011 arg1 N-glycans 1013:1021 branched N-glycans 1004:1021 branched N-glycans 1004:1021 RESULTS Our results showed that ST3GAL4 overexpression leads to several glycosylation alterations, including reduced O-glycan extension and decreased bisected and increased branched N-glycans. 26721331 7 68 theme linked 1055:1060 arg1 N-glycans 1073:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans was also observed. 26721331 12 69 theme key 1652:1654 arg1 proteins 1656:1663 key proteins 1652:1663 key proteins involved in malignancy 1652:1686 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 0 70 from activation 109:118 arg1 cancer 123:128 cancer 123:128 cancer 123:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 7 71 link linked 1055:1060 arg1 N-glycans 1073:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans was also observed. 26721331 7 72 theme sialylated 1062:1071 arg1 N-glycans 1073:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans 1050:1081 A shift from α2-6 towards α2-3 linked sialylated N-glycans was also observed. 26721331 5 73 from expression 773:782 arg1 tumors 823:828 gastric tumors 815:828 gastric tumors 815:828 We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. 26721331 12 74 theme cancer 1614:1619 arg1 cells 1621:1625 cancer cells 1614:1625 cancer cells 1614:1625 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 3 75 gly sialylated 539:548 arg1 glycans 559:565 sialylated terminal glycans 539:565 sialylated terminal glycans 539:565 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 12 76 dep CONCLUSION 1527:1536 arg1 interferes 1568:1577 interferes 1568:1577 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy 1568:1686 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 9 77 theme key 1343:1345 arg1 players 1347:1353 key players 1343:1353 key players in malignancy 1343:1367 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 1 78 theme Terminal 142:149 arg1 α2-3 151:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 131:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 131:154 BACKGROUND Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). 26721331 4 79 theme cell 667:670 arg1 line 672:675 this gastric cancer cell line 647:675 this gastric cancer cell line 647:675 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 0 80 theme RON 80:82 arg1 kinase 102:107 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 80:107 RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer 80:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 14 81 theme cancer 1926:1931 arg1 patients 1933:1940 gastric cancer patients 1918:1940 gastric cancer patients' stratification 1918:1956 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 15 82 theme Guest 2043:2047 arg1 Editor 2049:2054 Guest Editor 2043:2054 Guest Editor 2043:2054 This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc. 26721331 14 83 dep study 1821:1825 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1803:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1795:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 1795:1814 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 0 84 theme tyrosine 93:100 arg1 kinase 102:107 RON receptor tyrosine kinase 80:107 RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer 80:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 13 85 theme activation 1783:1792 arg1 glycosylation 1698:1710 Aberrant glycosylation 1689:1710 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor 1689:1730 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 13 85 theme activation 1783:1792 arg1 mechanism 1760:1768 an alternative mechanism 1745:1768 an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation 1745:1792 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 11 86 theme RON 1476:1478 arg1 co-expression 1480:1492 RON co-expression 1476:1492 RON co-expression 1476:1492 SLe(X) and RON co-expression was validated in gastric tumors. 26721331 0 87 theme activation 109:118 arg1 modulators 66:75 modulators 66:75 modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer 66:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 0 87 theme activation 109:118 arg1 glycans 55:61 glycans 55:61 glycans 55:61 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 12 88 theme overall 1588:1594 arg1 glycophenotype 1596:1609 the overall glycophenotype 1584:1609 the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells 1584:1625 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 13 89 theme alternative 1748:1758 arg1 glycosylation 1698:1710 Aberrant glycosylation 1689:1710 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor 1689:1730 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 13 89 theme alternative 1748:1758 arg1 mechanism 1760:1768 an alternative mechanism 1745:1768 an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation 1745:1792 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 10 90 theme RON 1390:1392 arg1 analysis 1378:1385 Further analysis 1370:1385 Further analysis of RON 1370:1392 Further analysis of RON confirmed its modification with SLe(X) and the concomitant activation. 26721331 0 91 theme gastric 21:27 arg1 cells 39:43 gastric carcinoma cells 21:43 gastric carcinoma cells 21:43 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 13 92 theme RON 1719:1721 arg1 receptor 1723:1730 the RON receptor 1715:1730 the RON receptor 1715:1730 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 3 93 theme carcinoma 433:441 arg1 cells 443:447 MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells 419:447 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 411:494 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 0 94 theme cells 39:43 arg1 analysis 9:16 Glycomic analysis 0:16 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells 0:43 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 14 95 theme integrative 1867:1877 arg1 glycomic/proteomic-profiling 1885:1912 an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling 1864:1912 an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification 1864:1956 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 13 96 gly glycosylation 1698:1710 arg1 receptor 1723:1730 the RON receptor 1715:1730 the RON receptor 1715:1730 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 2 97 theme aggressive 360:369 arg1 phenotype 371:379 tumor aggressive phenotype 354:379 tumor aggressive phenotype 354:379 SLe(X) overexpression is associated with tumor aggressive phenotype and patients' poor prognosis. 26721331 5 98 theme ligation 797:804 arg1 assay 806:810 proximity ligation assay 787:810 proximity ligation assay 787:810 We further validated an identified target expression by proximity ligation assay in gastric tumors. 26721331 12 99 theme ST3GAL4 1560:1566 arg1 overexpression 1542:1555 The overexpression 1538:1555 The overexpression of ST3GAL4 1538:1566 CONCLUSION The overexpression of ST3GAL4 interferes with the overall glycophenotype of cancer cells affecting a multitude of key proteins involved in malignancy. 26721331 13 100 theme Aberrant 1689:1696 arg1 glycosylation 1698:1710 Aberrant glycosylation 1689:1710 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor 1689:1730 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 13 100 theme Aberrant 1689:1696 arg1 mechanism 1760:1768 an alternative mechanism 1745:1768 an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation 1745:1792 Aberrant glycosylation of the RON receptor was shown as an alternative mechanism of oncogenic activation. 26721331 8 101 theme sialylated 1186:1195 arg1 N-glycans 1197:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 significantly increased sialylated N-glycans 1162:1205 Sialoproteomic analysis further identified 47 proteins with significantly increased sialylated N-glycans. 26721331 3 102 dep METHODS 411:417 arg1 cells 443:447 MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells 419:447 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 411:494 METHODS MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells transfected with the sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 were established as a model overexpressing sialylated terminal glycans. 26721331 4 103 theme structural 593:602 arg1 level 604:608 the structural level 589:608 the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry 589:728 We have evaluated at the structural level the glycome and the sialoproteome of this gastric cancer cell line applying liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. 26721331 14 104 theme novel 1836:1840 arg1 targets 1842:1848 novel targets 1836:1848 novel targets 1836:1848 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. 26721331 0 105 from cancer 123:128 arg1 modulators 66:75 modulators 66:75 modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer 66:128 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 0 105 from cancer 123:128 arg1 glycans 55:61 glycans 55:61 glycans 55:61 Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer. 26721331 9 106 theme insulin 1234:1240 arg1 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 integrins 1223:1231 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 26721331 9 106 theme insulin 1234:1240 arg1 receptor 1242:1249 insulin receptor 1234:1249 insulin receptor 1234:1249 These included integrins, insulin receptor, carcinoembryonic antigens and RON receptor tyrosine kinase, which are proteins known to be key players in malignancy. 28064042 6 0 with substrates 787:796 arg1 linkers 811:817 shorter linkers 803:817 shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch 803:860 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 7 1 contain had 1031:1033 arg1 substrates 1020:1029 substrates 1020:1029 substrates 1020:1029 In contrast, the glucose trimming reaction showed lower activity when substrates had shorter linkers. 28064042 7 1 contain had 1031:1033 arg2 linkers 1043:1049 shorter linkers 1035:1049 shorter linkers 1035:1049 In contrast, the glucose trimming reaction showed lower activity when substrates had shorter linkers. 28064042 1 2 gly glycoprotein 193:204 arg1 glycoprotein 193:204 glycoprotein folding 193:212 glycoprotein folding 193:212 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 6 3 theme mannose 922:928 arg1 reactions 939:947 the mannose trimming reactions 918:947 the mannose trimming reactions 918:947 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 8 4 gly glycoproteins 1228:1240 arg1 glycoproteins 1228:1240 glycoproteins 1228:1240 glycoproteins 1228:1240 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 0 5 theme endoplasmic 73:83 arg1 reticulum 85:93 the endoplasmic reticulum 69:93 the endoplasmic reticulum 69:93 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 5 6 theme glucose 663:669 arg1 trimming 671:678 glucose trimming 663:678 glucose trimming 663:678 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 6 7 theme hydrophobic 844:854 arg1 patch 856:860 hydrophobic patch 844:860 hydrophobic patch 844:860 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 0 8 from Influence 0:8 arg1 reactions 56:64 N-glycan processing reactions 36:64 N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 36:93 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 7 9 theme lower 1000:1004 arg1 activity 1006:1013 lower activity 1000:1013 lower activity 1000:1013 In contrast, the glucose trimming reaction showed lower activity when substrates had shorter linkers. 28064042 8 10 link N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 processing 1102:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing 1077:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins 1077:1128 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 4 11 theme linker 607:612 arg1 lengths 614:620 different linker lengths 597:620 different linker lengths 597:620 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 0 12 from reactions 56:64 arg1 reticulum 85:93 the endoplasmic reticulum 69:93 the endoplasmic reticulum 69:93 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 7 13 theme trimming 975:982 arg1 reaction 984:991 the glucose trimming reaction 963:991 the glucose trimming reaction 963:991 In contrast, the glucose trimming reaction showed lower activity when substrates had shorter linkers. 28064042 8 14 gly glycoproteins 1116:1128 arg1 glycoproteins 1116:1128 glycoproteins 1116:1128 glycoproteins 1116:1128 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 4 15 theme different 597:605 arg1 lengths 614:620 different linker lengths 597:620 different linker lengths 597:620 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 2 16 gly glycoprotein 285:296 arg1 glycoprotein 285:296 a glycoprotein 283:296 a glycoprotein 283:296 Since the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein should reflect the folding state, N-glycan processing may be affected by the aglycone state. 28064042 8 17 theme protein 1209:1215 arg1 portion 1217:1223 protein portion 1209:1223 protein portion of glycoproteins 1209:1240 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 8 18 theme glycoproteins 1228:1240 arg1 portion 1217:1223 protein portion 1209:1223 protein portion of glycoproteins 1209:1240 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 3 19 theme aglycone 435:442 arg1 structures 444:453 aglycone structures 435:453 aglycone structures 435:453 In this study, we examined the influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing using synthetic substrates. 28064042 8 20 theme N-linked 1077:1084 arg1 processing 1102:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing 1077:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins 1077:1128 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 2 21 theme glycoprotein 285:296 arg1 structure 270:278 the N-glycan structure 257:278 the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein 257:296 Since the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein should reflect the folding state, N-glycan processing may be affected by the aglycone state. 28064042 1 22 theme glycoprotein 193:204 arg1 folding 206:212 glycoprotein folding 193:212 glycoprotein folding 193:212 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 8 23 theme aglycone 1183:1190 arg1 structure 1192:1200 the aglycone structure 1179:1200 the aglycone structure 1179:1200 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 5 24 theme glucose 645:651 arg1 transfer 653:660 glucose transfer 645:660 glucose transfer 645:660 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 7 25 theme glucose 967:973 arg1 reaction 984:991 the glucose trimming reaction 963:991 the glucose trimming reaction 963:991 In contrast, the glucose trimming reaction showed lower activity when substrates had shorter linkers. 28064042 2 26 theme N-glycan 332:339 arg1 processing 341:350 N-glycan processing 332:350 N-glycan processing 332:350 Since the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein should reflect the folding state, N-glycan processing may be affected by the aglycone state. 28064042 5 27 theme trimming 692:699 arg1 reactions 701:709 mannose trimming reactions 684:709 mannose trimming reactions 684:709 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 8 28 theme endoplasmic 1137:1147 arg1 reticulum 1149:1157 the endoplasmic reticulum 1133:1157 the endoplasmic reticulum 1133:1157 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 6 29 theme shorter 803:809 arg1 linkers 811:817 shorter linkers 803:817 shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch 803:860 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 1 30 theme Glycoprotein 96:107 arg1 tags 176:179 tags 176:179 tags 176:179 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 1 30 theme Glycoprotein 96:107 arg1 oligosaccharides 118:133 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides 96:133 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum 96:162 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 6 31 dep N-glycan 831:838 arg1 the 827:829 the 827:829 the 827:829 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 0 32 theme structures 22:31 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 0:94 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 8 33 from reactivity 1062:1071 arg1 reticulum 1149:1157 the endoplasmic reticulum 1133:1157 the endoplasmic reticulum 1133:1157 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 1 34 theme N-linked 109:116 arg1 tags 176:179 tags 176:179 tags 176:179 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 1 34 theme N-linked 109:116 arg1 oligosaccharides 118:133 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides 96:133 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum 96:162 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 0 35 theme aglycone 13:20 arg1 structures 22:31 aglycone structures 13:31 aglycone structures 13:31 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 4 36 theme systematic 576:585 arg1 series 587:592 a systematic series 574:592 a systematic series of different linker lengths 574:620 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 5 37 theme endoplasmic 717:727 arg1 reticulum 729:737 an endoplasmic reticulum 714:737 an endoplasmic reticulum fraction 714:746 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 6 38 theme glucose 897:903 arg1 transfer 905:912 the glucose transfer 893:912 the glucose transfer 893:912 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 2 39 theme folding 317:323 arg1 state 325:329 the folding state 313:329 the folding state 313:329 Since the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein should reflect the folding state, N-glycan processing may be affected by the aglycone state. 28064042 0 40 theme N-glycan 36:43 arg1 reactions 56:64 N-glycan processing reactions 36:64 N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 36:93 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 5 41 theme reticulum 729:737 arg1 fraction 739:746 an endoplasmic reticulum fraction 714:746 an endoplasmic reticulum fraction 714:746 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 8 42 theme glycoproteins 1116:1128 arg1 processing 1102:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing 1077:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins 1077:1128 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 5 43 theme fraction 739:746 arg1 reactions 701:709 mannose trimming reactions 684:709 mannose trimming reactions 684:709 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 5 43 theme fraction 739:746 arg1 transfer 653:660 glucose transfer 645:660 glucose transfer 645:660 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 5 43 theme fraction 739:746 arg1 trimming 671:678 glucose trimming 663:678 glucose trimming 663:678 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 3 44 theme N-glycan 458:465 arg1 processing 467:476 N-glycan processing 458:476 N-glycan processing 458:476 In this study, we examined the influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing using synthetic substrates. 28064042 5 45 theme mannose 684:690 arg1 reactions 701:709 mannose trimming reactions 684:709 mannose trimming reactions 684:709 With these compounds, glucose transfer, glucose trimming and mannose trimming reactions of an endoplasmic reticulum fraction were examined. 28064042 0 46 theme processing 45:54 arg1 reactions 56:64 N-glycan processing reactions 36:64 N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum 36:93 Influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. 28064042 4 47 theme hydrophobic 546:556 arg1 BODIPY-dye 558:567 hydrophobic BODIPY-dye 546:567 hydrophobic BODIPY-dye 546:567 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 4 48 attach linked 536:541 arg2 Man9GlcNAc2 524:534 (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 518:534 (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths 518:620 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 4 48 attach linked 536:541 arg1 BODIPY-dye 558:567 hydrophobic BODIPY-dye 546:567 hydrophobic BODIPY-dye 546:567 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 7 49 theme shorter 1035:1041 arg1 linkers 1043:1049 shorter linkers 1035:1049 shorter linkers 1035:1049 In contrast, the glucose trimming reaction showed lower activity when substrates had shorter linkers. 28064042 6 50 theme higher 866:871 arg1 activities 873:882 higher activities 866:882 higher activities 866:882 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 8 51 theme oligosaccharide 1086:1100 arg1 processing 1102:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing 1077:1111 N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins 1077:1128 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 1 52 theme endoplasmic 142:152 arg1 reticulum 154:162 the endoplasmic reticulum 138:162 the endoplasmic reticulum 138:162 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 1 53 from oligosaccharides 118:133 arg1 reticulum 154:162 the endoplasmic reticulum 138:162 the endoplasmic reticulum 138:162 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 8 54 dep portion 1217:1223 arg1 e.g. 1203:1206 e.g. 1203:1206 e.g. 1203:1206 Thus, the reactivity for N-linked oligosaccharide processing of glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum might be tunable by the aglycone structure, e.g., protein portion of glycoproteins. 28064042 4 55 theme Glc1 519:522 arg1 Man9GlcNAc2 524:534 (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 518:534 (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths 518:620 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 3 56 from influence 422:430 arg1 processing 467:476 N-glycan processing 458:476 N-glycan processing 458:476 In this study, we examined the influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing using synthetic substrates. 28064042 6 57 contain had 862:864 arg2 activities 873:882 higher activities 866:882 higher activities 866:882 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 6 57 contain had 862:864 arg1 substrates 787:796 substrates 787:796 substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch 787:860 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 3 58 theme synthetic 484:492 arg1 substrates 494:503 synthetic substrates 484:503 synthetic substrates 484:503 In this study, we examined the influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing using synthetic substrates. 28064042 1 59 link N-linked 109:116 arg1 tags 176:179 tags 176:179 tags 176:179 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 1 59 link N-linked 109:116 arg1 oligosaccharides 118:133 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides 96:133 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum 96:162 Glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum function as tags to regulate glycoprotein folding, sorting, secretion and degradation. 28064042 3 60 theme structures 444:453 arg1 influence 422:430 the influence 418:430 the influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing 418:476 In this study, we examined the influence of aglycone structures on N-glycan processing using synthetic substrates. 28064042 6 61 theme trimming 930:937 arg1 reactions 939:947 the mannose trimming reactions 918:947 the mannose trimming reactions 918:947 The results showed that substrates with shorter linkers between the N-glycan and hydrophobic patch had higher activities for both the glucose transfer and the mannose trimming reactions. 28064042 2 62 theme N-glycan 261:268 arg1 structure 270:278 the N-glycan structure 257:278 the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein 257:296 Since the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein should reflect the folding state, N-glycan processing may be affected by the aglycone state. 28064042 4 63 theme lengths 614:620 arg1 series 587:592 a systematic series 574:592 a systematic series of different linker lengths 574:620 We prepared (Glc1)Man9GlcNAc2 linked to hydrophobic BODIPY-dye with a systematic series of different linker lengths. 28064042 2 64 theme aglycone 375:382 arg1 state 384:388 the aglycone state 371:388 the aglycone state 371:388 Since the N-glycan structure of a glycoprotein should reflect the folding state, N-glycan processing may be affected by the aglycone state. 24970779 8 0 theme mucus 1136:1140 arg1 imaging 1114:1120 Surface imaging 1106:1120 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus 1106:1140 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus was performed at nanoscale by atomic force microscopy. 24970779 10 1 theme layer 1544:1548 arg1 flattening 1511:1520 flattening 1511:1520 flattening 1511:1520 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 10 1 theme layer 1544:1548 arg1 loss 1526:1529 loss 1526:1529 loss of the mucus layer 1526:1548 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 11 2 theme physical 1706:1713 arg1 properties 1715:1724 physical properties 1706:1724 physical properties 1706:1724 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 1 3 theme structural 273:282 arg1 changes 297:303 structural and physical changes 273:303 structural and physical changes in the mucus layer 273:322 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 2 4 theme farciminis 603:612 arg1 treatment 614:622 Lactobacillus farciminis treatment 589:622 Lactobacillus farciminis treatment 589:622 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 1 5 theme visceral 183:190 arg1 hypersensitivity 192:207 visceral hypersensitivity 183:207 visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models 183:270 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 8 6 theme atomic 1172:1177 arg1 microscopy 1185:1194 atomic force microscopy 1172:1194 atomic force microscopy 1172:1194 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus was performed at nanoscale by atomic force microscopy. 24970779 13 7 theme L. 1885:1886 arg1 treatment 1899:1907 L. farciminis treatment 1885:1907 L. farciminis treatment 1885:1907 L. farciminis treatment prevented these alterations, conferring epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening. 24970779 4 8 theme visceral 820:827 arg1 sensitivity 829:839 visceral sensitivity 820:839 visceral sensitivity 820:839 Intestinal paracellular permeability and visceral sensitivity were measured in vivo. 24970779 11 9 theme L. 1571:1572 arg1 farciminis 1574:1583 L. farciminis 1571:1583 L. farciminis 1571:1583 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 7 10 theme O-glycosylation 1047:1061 arg1 profile 1063:1069 The mucin O-glycosylation profile 1037:1069 The mucin O-glycosylation profile 1037:1069 The mucin O-glycosylation profile was obtained by mass spectrometry. 24970779 1 11 theme bowel 222:226 arg1 IBS 238:240 IBS 238:240 IBS 238:240 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 1 11 theme bowel 222:226 arg1 syndrome 228:235 irritable bowel syndrome 212:235 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 9 12 theme visceral 1235:1242 arg1 hypersensitivity 1244:1259 visceral hypersensitivity 1235:1259 visceral hypersensitivity 1235:1259 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 2 13 theme physical 553:560 arg1 properties 562:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 5 14 theme goblet 878:883 arg1 cells 885:889 goblet cells 878:889 goblet cells 878:889 The number of goblet cells and Muc2 expression were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 24970779 2 15 theme related 539:545 arg1 properties 562:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 1 16 from hypersensitivity 192:207 arg1 patients 243:250 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 1 16 from hypersensitivity 192:207 arg1 models 265:270 IBS-like models 256:270 IBS-like models 256:270 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 1 17 theme well-known 127:136 arg1 barrier 160:166 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier 127:166 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment 127:177 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 12 18 theme mucus 1779:1783 arg1 alterations 1785:1795 mucus alterations 1779:1795 mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression 1779:1882 WAS-induced functional changes were associated with mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression. 24970779 10 19 gly O-glycosylation 1358:1372 arg1 mucins 1377:1382 mucins 1377:1382 mucins 1377:1382 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 10 19 gly O-glycosylation 1358:1372 arg1 contrast 1348:1355 contrast 1348:1355 contrast 1348:1355 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 0 20 theme mucin 53:57 arg1 shift 75:79 mucin O-glycosylation shift 53:79 mucin O-glycosylation shift 53:79 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 1 21 theme epithelial 149:158 arg1 barrier 160:166 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier 127:166 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment 127:177 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 2 22 dep prevented 624:632 arg1 2 578:578 2 578:578 2 578:578 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 2 23 theme visceral 459:466 arg1 sensitivity 468:478 visceral sensitivity 459:478 visceral sensitivity 459:478 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 10 24 theme chain 1457:1461 arg1 structures 1483:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 13 25 theme mucus 1964:1968 arg1 strengthening 1978:1990 epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening 1949:1990 epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening 1949:1990 L. farciminis treatment prevented these alterations, conferring epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening. 24970779 2 26 theme biochemical 499:509 arg1 structure 511:519 biochemical structure 499:519 biochemical structure of O-glycans 499:532 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 10 27 theme elongated 1430:1438 arg1 structures 1483:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 9 28 theme intestinal 1301:1310 arg1 cells 1319:1323 intestinal goblet cells 1301:1323 intestinal goblet cells 1301:1323 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 2 29 dep stress 374:379 arg1 WAS 382:384 WAS 382:384 WAS 382:384 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 10 30 dep flattening 1511:1520 arg1 properties 1559:1568 cohesive properties 1550:1568 cohesive properties 1550:1568 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 9 31 theme cells 1319:1323 arg1 number 1291:1296 the number 1287:1296 the number of intestinal goblet cells 1287:1323 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 9 31 theme cells 1319:1323 arg1 expression 1333:1342 Muc2 expression 1328:1342 Muc2 expression 1328:1342 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 0 32 from barrier 33:39 arg1 rats 44:47 rats 44:47 rats 44:47 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 10 33 theme O-glycan 1474:1481 arg1 structures 1483:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 13 34 theme epithelial 1949:1958 arg1 strengthening 1978:1990 epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening 1949:1990 epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening 1949:1990 L. farciminis treatment prevented these alterations, conferring epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening. 24970779 9 35 theme Muc2 1328:1331 arg1 expression 1333:1342 Muc2 expression 1328:1342 Muc2 expression 1328:1342 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 5 36 theme expression 900:909 arg1 number 868:873 The number 864:873 The number of goblet cells and Muc2 expression 864:909 The number of goblet cells and Muc2 expression were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 24970779 12 37 from shift 1814:1818 arg1 O-glycosylation 1823:1837 O-glycosylation 1823:1837 O-glycosylation 1823:1837 WAS-induced functional changes were associated with mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression. 24970779 0 38 theme intestinal 16:25 arg1 barrier 33:39 intestinal mucus barrier 16:39 intestinal mucus barrier in rats 16:47 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 11 39 from changes 1663:1669 arg1 mucus 1700:1704 mucus 1700:1704 mucus 1700:1704 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 11 39 from changes 1663:1669 arg1 O-glycosylation 1680:1694 mucin O-glycosylation 1674:1694 mucin O-glycosylation 1674:1694 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 2 40 theme modified 432:439 arg1 permeability 445:456 modified gut permeability 432:456 modified gut permeability 432:456 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 10 41 theme mucus 1538:1542 arg1 layer 1544:1548 the mucus layer 1534:1548 the mucus layer 1534:1548 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 4 42 theme Intestinal 779:788 arg1 permeability 803:814 Intestinal paracellular permeability 779:814 Intestinal paracellular permeability 779:814 Intestinal paracellular permeability and visceral sensitivity were measured in vivo. 24970779 4 43 theme paracellular 790:801 arg1 permeability 803:814 Intestinal paracellular permeability 779:814 Intestinal paracellular permeability 779:814 Intestinal paracellular permeability and visceral sensitivity were measured in vivo. 24970779 3 44 theme Wistar 653:658 arg1 rats 660:663 Wistar rats 653:663 Wistar rats 653:663 Wistar rats received orally L. farciminis or vehicle for 14 days; at day 10, they were submitted to either sham or 4-day WAS. 24970779 12 45 theme WAS-induced 1727:1737 arg1 changes 1750:1756 WAS-induced functional changes 1727:1756 WAS-induced functional changes 1727:1756 WAS-induced functional changes were associated with mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression. 24970779 2 46 theme stress 374:379 arg1 model 387:391 a water avoidance stress (WAS) model 356:391 a water avoidance stress (WAS) model 356:391 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 12 47 from changes 1856:1862 arg1 expression 1873:1882 mucin expression 1867:1882 mucin expression 1867:1882 WAS-induced functional changes were associated with mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression. 24970779 10 48 theme cohesive 1550:1557 arg1 properties 1559:1568 cohesive properties 1550:1568 cohesive properties 1550:1568 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 11 49 theme functional 1636:1645 arg1 alterations 1647:1657 WAS-induced functional alterations 1624:1657 WAS-induced functional alterations 1624:1657 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 2 50 theme water 358:362 arg1 stress 374:379 water avoidance stress 358:379 a water avoidance stress (WAS) model 356:391 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 1 51 theme IBS-like 256:263 arg1 models 265:270 IBS-like models 256:270 IBS-like models 256:270 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 8 52 theme intestinal 1125:1134 arg1 mucus 1136:1140 intestinal mucus 1125:1140 intestinal mucus 1125:1140 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus was performed at nanoscale by atomic force microscopy. 24970779 3 53 theme L. 681:682 arg1 farciminis 684:693 L. farciminis or vehicle 681:704 farciminis 684:693 Wistar rats received orally L. farciminis or vehicle for 14 days; at day 10, they were submitted to either sham or 4-day WAS. 24970779 7 54 theme mass 1087:1090 arg1 spectrometry 1092:1103 mass spectrometry 1087:1103 mass spectrometry 1087:1103 The mucin O-glycosylation profile was obtained by mass spectrometry. 24970779 1 55 from changes 297:303 arg1 layer 318:322 the mucus layer 308:322 the mucus layer 308:322 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 10 56 theme mucins 1377:1382 arg1 O-glycosylation 1358:1372 O-glycosylation 1358:1372 O-glycosylation of mucins 1358:1382 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 2 57 theme Lactobacillus 589:601 arg1 treatment 614:622 Lactobacillus farciminis treatment 589:622 Lactobacillus farciminis treatment 589:622 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 11 58 from alterations 1647:1657 arg1 mucus 1700:1704 mucus 1700:1704 mucus 1700:1704 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 11 58 from alterations 1647:1657 arg1 O-glycosylation 1680:1694 mucin O-glycosylation 1674:1694 mucin O-glycosylation 1674:1694 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 7 59 theme mucin 1041:1045 arg1 profile 1063:1069 The mucin O-glycosylation profile 1037:1069 The mucin O-glycosylation profile 1037:1069 The mucin O-glycosylation profile was obtained by mass spectrometry. 24970779 9 60 theme gut 1209:1211 arg1 hyperpermeability 1213:1229 gut hyperpermeability 1209:1229 gut hyperpermeability 1209:1229 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 1 61 theme irritable 212:220 arg1 IBS 238:240 IBS 238:240 IBS 238:240 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 1 61 theme irritable 212:220 arg1 syndrome 228:235 irritable bowel syndrome 212:235 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 8 62 theme force 1179:1183 arg1 microscopy 1185:1194 atomic force microscopy 1172:1194 atomic force microscopy 1172:1194 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus was performed at nanoscale by atomic force microscopy. 24970779 2 63 theme O-glycans 524:532 arg1 sensitivity 468:478 visceral sensitivity 459:478 visceral sensitivity 459:478 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 2 63 theme O-glycans 524:532 arg1 expression 487:496 mucin expression 481:496 mucin expression 481:496 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 2 63 theme O-glycans 524:532 arg1 structure 511:519 biochemical structure 499:519 biochemical structure of O-glycans 499:532 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 2 63 theme O-glycans 524:532 arg1 properties 562:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 2 63 theme O-glycans 524:532 arg1 permeability 445:456 modified gut permeability 432:456 modified gut permeability 432:456 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 1 64 theme syndrome 228:235 arg1 patients 243:250 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 2 65 theme mucus 547:551 arg1 properties 562:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 related mucus physical properties 539:571 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 5 66 theme cells 885:889 arg1 number 868:873 The number 864:873 The number of goblet cells and Muc2 expression 864:909 The number of goblet cells and Muc2 expression were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 24970779 6 67 theme farciminis 1002:1011 arg1 adhesion 987:994 Mucosal adhesion 979:994 Mucosal adhesion of L. farciminis 979:1011 Mucosal adhesion of L. farciminis was determined ex situ. 24970779 0 68 theme O-glycosylation 59:73 arg1 shift 75:79 mucin O-glycosylation shift 53:79 mucin O-glycosylation shift 53:79 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 1 69 theme intestinal 138:147 arg1 barrier 160:166 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier 127:166 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment 127:177 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 1 70 theme barrier 160:166 arg1 impairment 168:177 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment 127:177 well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment 127:177 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 6 71 theme Mucosal 979:985 arg1 adhesion 987:994 Mucosal adhesion 979:994 Mucosal adhesion of L. farciminis 979:1011 Mucosal adhesion of L. farciminis was determined ex situ. 24970779 10 72 theme polylactosaminic 1440:1455 arg1 structures 1483:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 13 73 theme barrier 1970:1976 arg1 strengthening 1978:1990 epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening 1949:1990 epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening 1949:1990 L. farciminis treatment prevented these alterations, conferring epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening. 24970779 2 74 dep permeability 445:456 arg1 1 425:425 1 425:425 1 425:425 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 1 75 from impairment 168:177 arg1 patients 243:250 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients 212:250 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 1 75 from impairment 168:177 arg1 models 265:270 IBS-like models 256:270 IBS-like models 256:270 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 12 76 theme functional 1739:1748 arg1 changes 1750:1756 WAS-induced functional changes 1727:1756 WAS-induced functional changes 1727:1756 WAS-induced functional changes were associated with mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression. 24970779 0 77 theme probiotic 98:106 arg1 treatment 108:116 a probiotic treatment 96:116 a probiotic treatment 96:116 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 9 78 theme goblet 1312:1317 arg1 cells 1319:1323 intestinal goblet cells 1301:1323 intestinal goblet cells 1301:1323 WAS induced gut hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity but did not modify either the number of intestinal goblet cells or Muc2 expression. 24970779 2 79 theme mucin 481:485 arg1 expression 487:496 mucin expression 481:496 mucin expression 481:496 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 10 80 theme structures 1483:1492 arg1 appearance 1416:1425 the appearance 1412:1425 the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties 1412:1568 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 5 81 theme Muc2 895:898 arg1 expression 900:909 Muc2 expression 895:909 Muc2 expression 895:909 The number of goblet cells and Muc2 expression were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, respectively. 24970779 10 82 theme containing 1463:1472 arg1 structures 1483:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures 1430:1492 In contrast, O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chain containing O-glycan structures, associated with flattening and loss of the mucus layer cohesive properties. 24970779 13 83 theme farciminis 1888:1897 arg1 treatment 1899:1907 L. farciminis treatment 1885:1907 L. farciminis treatment 1885:1907 L. farciminis treatment prevented these alterations, conferring epithelial and mucus barrier strengthening. 24970779 0 84 theme mucus 27:31 arg1 barrier 33:39 intestinal mucus barrier 16:39 intestinal mucus barrier in rats 16:47 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 1 85 theme physical 288:295 arg1 changes 297:303 structural and physical changes 273:303 structural and physical changes in the mucus layer 273:322 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 11 86 dep O-glycosylation 1680:1694 arg1 properties 1715:1724 physical properties 1706:1724 physical properties 1706:1724 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 2 87 theme gut 441:443 arg1 permeability 445:456 modified gut permeability 432:456 modified gut permeability 432:456 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 24970779 1 88 theme mucus 312:316 arg1 layer 318:322 the mucus layer 308:322 the mucus layer 308:322 Despite well-known intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and IBS-like models, structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood. 24970779 12 89 theme mucin 1867:1871 arg1 expression 1873:1882 mucin expression 1867:1882 mucin expression 1867:1882 WAS-induced functional changes were associated with mucus alterations resulting from a shift in O-glycosylation rather than from changes in mucin expression. 24970779 11 90 theme intestinal 1594:1603 arg1 Muc2 1605:1608 intestinal Muc2 1594:1608 intestinal Muc2 1594:1608 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 8 91 theme Surface 1106:1112 arg1 imaging 1114:1120 Surface imaging 1106:1120 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus 1106:1140 Surface imaging of intestinal mucus was performed at nanoscale by atomic force microscopy. 24970779 0 92 dep disrupts 7:14 arg1 prevention 82:91 prevention 82:91 prevention by a probiotic treatment 82:116 Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O-glycosylation shift: prevention by a probiotic treatment. 24970779 11 93 theme mucin 1674:1678 arg1 O-glycosylation 1680:1694 mucin O-glycosylation 1674:1694 mucin O-glycosylation 1674:1694 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 11 94 theme WAS-induced 1624:1634 arg1 alterations 1647:1657 WAS-induced functional alterations 1624:1657 WAS-induced functional alterations 1624:1657 L. farciminis bound to intestinal Muc2 and prevented WAS-induced functional alterations and changes in mucin O-glycosylation and mucus physical properties. 24970779 2 95 theme avoidance 364:372 arg1 stress 374:379 water avoidance stress 358:379 a water avoidance stress (WAS) model 356:391 Using a water avoidance stress (WAS) model, we aimed at evaluating whether 1) WAS modified gut permeability, visceral sensitivity, mucin expression, biochemical structure of O-glycans, and related mucus physical properties, and 2) whether Lactobacillus farciminis treatment prevented these alterations. 28488115 4 0 theme NPP 896:898 arg1 biosynthesis 900:911 NPP biosynthesis 896:911 NPP biosynthesis 896:911 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 6 1 theme Pseudonocardia 1144:1157 arg1 sp 1159:1160 Pseudonocardia sp 1144:1160 Pseudonocardia sp 1144:1160 NypY is another second sugar glycosyltransferase produced by Pseudonocardia sp. 28488115 2 2 theme biological 361:370 arg1 studies 372:378 various chemical and biological studies 340:378 various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure 340:410 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 2 3 theme severe 296:301 arg1 effects 308:314 severe side effects 296:314 severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity 296:337 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 2 3 theme severe 296:301 arg1 nephrotoxicity 324:337 nephrotoxicity 324:337 nephrotoxicity 324:337 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 9 4 theme engineered 1441:1450 arg1 analog 1469:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 2 5 theme polyene 394:400 arg1 structure 402:410 the polyene structure 390:410 the polyene structure 390:410 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 10 6 theme polyene 1769:1775 arg1 macrolides 1777:1786 polyene macrolides 1769:1786 polyene macrolides 1769:1786 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 9 7 theme NPP 1465:1467 arg1 analog 1469:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 1 8 theme antifungal 187:196 arg1 antibiotics 198:208 potent antifungal antibiotics 180:208 potent antifungal antibiotics 180:208 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 8 9 theme sugar 1298:1302 arg1 transfer 1277:1284 the transfer 1273:1284 the transfer of a second sugar 1273:1302 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 10 10 theme first 1627:1631 arg1 time 1633:1636 the first time 1623:1636 the first time 1623:1636 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 9 11 theme in 1491:1492 arg1 activity 1511:1518 reduced in vitro antifungal activity 1483:1518 reduced in vitro antifungal activity 1483:1518 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 9 12 gly mannosylated 1452:1463 arg1 analog 1469:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 8 13 theme nppY 1312:1315 arg1 disruption 1317:1326 nppY disruption 1312:1326 nppY disruption 1312:1326 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 9 14 theme antifungal 1500:1509 arg1 activity 1511:1518 reduced in vitro antifungal activity 1483:1518 reduced in vitro antifungal activity 1483:1518 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 4 15 theme second 758:763 arg1 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 15 theme second 758:763 arg1 gene 781:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 15 theme second 758:763 arg1 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 3 16 theme unique 608:613 arg1 mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine 632:663 mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine 632:663 mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine 632:663 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 3 16 theme unique 608:613 arg1 moiety 624:629 a unique di-sugar moiety 606:629 a unique di-sugar moiety 606:629 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 8 17 theme expressed 1334:1342 arg1 nypY 1344:1347 then expressed nypY 1329:1347 then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1329:1386 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 2 18 theme polyenes 270:277 arg1 application 255:265 the therapeutic application 239:265 the therapeutic application of polyenes 239:277 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 1 19 theme amphotericin 143:154 arg1 B 156:156 amphotericin B 143:156 amphotericin B 143:156 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 4 20 theme extending 771:779 arg1 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 20 theme extending 771:779 arg1 gene 781:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 20 theme extending 771:779 arg1 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 10 21 theme extended 1702:1709 arg1 moiety 1724:1729 extended second sugar moiety 1702:1729 extended second sugar moiety 1702:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 7 22 theme mannose 1208:1214 arg1 transfer 1194:1201 the transfer 1190:1201 the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin 1190:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 9 23 theme nephrotoxical 1545:1557 arg1 activities 1559:1568 higher nephrotoxical activities 1538:1568 higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes 1538:1594 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 0 24 theme NPP 95:97 arg1 biosynthesis 57:68 engineered biosynthesis 46:68 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 0:98 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 3 25 contain contain 542:548 arg1 NPP 525:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 3 25 contain contain 542:548 arg2 aglycone 553:560 an aglycone 550:560 an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity 550:726 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 3 25 contain contain 542:548 arg2 identical 571:579 identical 571:579 identical 571:579 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 2 26 dep studies 372:378 arg1 modify 383:388 modify 383:388 to modify the polyene structure 380:410 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 5 27 theme genetic 1000:1006 arg1 manipulation 1008:1019 genetic manipulation 1000:1019 genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1000:1080 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 7 28 theme sugar 1235:1239 arg1 residue 1241:1247 the mycosaminyl sugar residue 1219:1247 the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin 1219:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 7 28 theme sugar 1235:1239 arg1 nystatin 1252:1259 nystatin 1252:1259 nystatin 1252:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 10 29 theme residues 1672:1679 arg1 type 1694:1697 the type 1690:1697 not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety 1643:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 10 29 theme residues 1672:1679 arg1 number 1656:1661 the number 1652:1661 not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety 1643:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 5 30 theme glycoengineered 965:979 arg1 analog 985:990 the glycoengineered NPP analog 961:990 the glycoengineered NPP analog 961:990 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 6 31 theme second 1099:1104 arg1 glycosyltransferase 1112:1130 another second sugar glycosyltransferase 1091:1130 another second sugar glycosyltransferase produced by Pseudonocardia sp 1091:1160 NypY is another second sugar glycosyltransferase produced by Pseudonocardia sp. 28488115 2 32 theme polyene 454:460 arg1 antifungals 462:472 less-toxic polyene antifungals 443:472 less-toxic polyene antifungals 443:472 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 3 33 theme discovered 483:492 arg1 NPP 525:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 0 34 theme antifungal 12:21 arg1 glycosylation 31:43 antifungal polyene glycosylation 12:43 antifungal polyene glycosylation 12:43 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 5 35 theme analog 985:990 arg1 biosynthesis 945:956 biosynthesis 945:956 biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog 945:990 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 0 36 theme glycosylation 31:43 arg1 Redesign 0:7 Redesign 0:7 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 0:98 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 8 37 dep P. 1352:1353 arg1 autotrophica 1355:1366 autotrophica 1355:1366 autotrophica 1355:1366 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 4 38 theme second 857:862 arg1 N-acetyl-glucosamine 871:890 N-acetyl-glucosamine 871:890 N-acetyl-glucosamine 871:890 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 38 theme second 857:862 arg1 sugar 864:868 a second sugar 855:868 a second sugar 855:868 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 0 39 theme engineered 46:55 arg1 biosynthesis 57:68 engineered biosynthesis 46:68 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 0:98 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 3 40 theme polyene 508:514 arg1 NPP 525:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 5 41 theme Pseudonocardia 1045:1058 arg1 producer 1035:1042 the NPP A1 producer 1024:1042 the NPP A1 producer 1024:1042 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 5 41 theme Pseudonocardia 1045:1058 arg1 autotrophica 1060:1071 Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1045:1080 Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1045:1080 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 10 42 theme sugar 1718:1722 arg1 moiety 1724:1729 extended second sugar moiety 1702:1729 extended second sugar moiety 1702:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 5 43 theme NPP 1028:1030 arg1 producer 1035:1042 the NPP A1 producer 1024:1042 the NPP A1 producer 1024:1042 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 5 43 theme NPP 1028:1030 arg1 autotrophica 1060:1071 Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1045:1080 Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1045:1080 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 9 44 theme NPP 1423:1425 arg1 A1 1427:1428 NPP A1 1423:1428 NPP A1 1423:1428 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 5 45 theme producer 1035:1042 arg1 manipulation 1008:1019 genetic manipulation 1000:1019 genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1000:1080 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 10 46 theme biological 1744:1753 arg1 activities 1755:1764 biological activities 1744:1764 biological activities of polyene macrolides 1744:1786 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 2 47 theme side 303:306 arg1 effects 308:314 severe side effects 296:314 severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity 296:337 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 2 47 theme side 303:306 arg1 nephrotoxicity 324:337 nephrotoxicity 324:337 nephrotoxicity 324:337 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 10 48 theme macrolides 1777:1786 arg1 activities 1755:1764 biological activities 1744:1764 biological activities of polyene macrolides 1744:1786 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 9 49 theme mannosylated 1452:1463 arg1 analog 1469:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog 1431:1474 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 4 50 theme sugar 864:868 arg1 transfer 843:850 the transfer 839:850 the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis 839:911 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 1 51 theme potent 180:185 arg1 antibiotics 198:208 potent antifungal antibiotics 180:208 potent antifungal antibiotics 180:208 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 9 52 theme reduced 1483:1489 arg1 activity 1511:1518 reduced in vitro antifungal activity 1483:1518 reduced in vitro antifungal activity 1483:1518 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 8 53 theme second 1291:1296 arg1 sugar 1298:1302 a second sugar 1289:1302 a second sugar 1289:1302 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 2 54 theme chemical 348:355 arg1 studies 372:378 various chemical and biological studies 340:378 various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure 340:410 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 3 55 theme di-sugar 615:622 arg1 mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine 632:663 mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine 632:663 mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine 632:663 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 3 55 theme di-sugar 615:622 arg1 moiety 624:629 a unique di-sugar moiety 606:629 a unique di-sugar moiety 606:629 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 1 56 theme several 214:220 arg1 decades 222:228 several decades 214:228 several decades 214:228 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 0 57 dep Redesign 0:7 arg1 biosynthesis 57:68 engineered biosynthesis 46:68 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 0:98 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 1 58 theme nystatin 127:134 arg1 A1 136:137 nystatin A1 127:137 nystatin A1 127:137 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 4 59 theme NPP-specific 745:756 arg1 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 59 theme NPP-specific 745:756 arg1 gene 781:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 59 theme NPP-specific 745:756 arg1 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 60 from transfer 843:850 arg1 biosynthesis 900:911 NPP biosynthesis 896:911 NPP biosynthesis 896:911 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 8 61 theme mutant 1374:1379 arg1 strain 1381:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 4 62 theme sugar 765:769 arg1 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 nppY 787:790 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 62 theme sugar 765:769 arg1 gene 781:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene 743:784 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 4 62 theme sugar 765:769 arg1 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 responsible 823:833 Additionally, a NPP-specific second sugar extending gene, nppY, was recently identified to be responsible for the transfer of a second sugar, N-acetyl-glucosamine, in NPP biosynthesis. 28488115 2 63 theme various 340:346 arg1 studies 372:378 various chemical and biological studies 340:378 various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure 340:410 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 0 64 theme disaccharide-modified 73:93 arg1 NPP 95:97 disaccharide-modified NPP 73:97 disaccharide-modified NPP 73:97 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 9 65 theme higher 1538:1543 arg1 activities 1559:1568 higher nephrotoxical activities 1538:1568 higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes 1538:1594 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 7 66 theme nystatin 1252:1259 arg1 residue 1241:1247 the mycosaminyl sugar residue 1219:1247 the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin 1219:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 7 66 theme nystatin 1252:1259 arg1 nystatin 1252:1259 nystatin 1252:1259 nystatin 1252:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 8 67 theme P. 1352:1353 arg1 strain 1381:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 9 68 theme human 1578:1582 arg1 hepatocytes 1584:1594 human hepatocytes 1578:1594 human hepatocytes 1578:1594 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 8 69 theme △nppY 1368:1372 arg1 strain 1381:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 10 70 theme second 1711:1716 arg1 moiety 1724:1729 extended second sugar moiety 1702:1729 extended second sugar moiety 1702:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 7 71 theme mycosaminyl 1223:1233 arg1 residue 1241:1247 the mycosaminyl sugar residue 1219:1247 the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin 1219:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 7 71 theme mycosaminyl 1223:1233 arg1 nystatin 1252:1259 nystatin 1252:1259 nystatin 1252:1259 P1 that is responsible for the transfer of a mannose to the mycosaminyl sugar residue of nystatin. 28488115 1 72 theme Polyene 100:106 arg1 macrolides 108:117 Polyene macrolides 100:117 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B 100:156 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 1 72 theme Polyene 100:106 arg1 A1 136:137 nystatin A1 127:137 nystatin A1 127:137 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 1 72 theme Polyene 100:106 arg1 B 156:156 amphotericin B 143:156 amphotericin B 143:156 Polyene macrolides such as nystatin A1 and amphotericin B have been known to be potent antifungal antibiotics for several decades. 28488115 6 73 theme sugar 1106:1110 arg1 glycosyltransferase 1112:1130 another second sugar glycosyltransferase 1091:1130 another second sugar glycosyltransferase produced by Pseudonocardia sp 1091:1160 NypY is another second sugar glycosyltransferase produced by Pseudonocardia sp. 28488115 10 74 theme sugar 1666:1670 arg1 residues 1672:1679 sugar residues 1666:1679 sugar residues 1666:1679 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 0 75 theme polyene 23:29 arg1 glycosylation 31:43 antifungal polyene glycosylation 12:43 antifungal polyene glycosylation 12:43 Redesign of antifungal polyene glycosylation: engineered biosynthesis of disaccharide-modified NPP. 28488115 8 76 from nypY 1344:1347 arg1 strain 1381:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain 1352:1386 We blocked the transfer of a second sugar through nppY disruption, then expressed nypY in P. autotrophica △nppY mutant strain. 28488115 5 77 theme NPP 981:983 arg1 analog 985:990 the glycoengineered NPP analog 961:990 the glycoengineered NPP analog 961:990 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 2 78 theme therapeutic 243:253 arg1 application 255:265 the therapeutic application 239:265 the therapeutic application of polyenes 239:277 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 2 79 theme less-toxic 443:452 arg1 antifungals 462:472 less-toxic polyene antifungals 443:472 less-toxic polyene antifungals 443:472 Because the therapeutic application of polyenes is restricted by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, various chemical and biological studies to modify the polyene structure have been conducted to develop less-toxic polyene antifungals. 28488115 3 80 theme higher 679:684 arg1 solubility 686:695 higher solubility 679:695 higher solubility 679:695 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 3 81 theme nystatin-like 494:506 arg1 NPP 525:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 3 82 theme hemolytic 709:717 arg1 toxicity 719:726 hemolytic toxicity 709:726 hemolytic toxicity 709:726 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 10 83 theme moiety 1724:1729 arg1 type 1694:1697 the type 1690:1697 not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety 1643:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 10 83 theme moiety 1724:1729 arg1 number 1656:1661 the number 1652:1661 not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety 1643:1729 These results suggest for the first time that not only the number of sugar residues but also the type of extended second sugar moiety could affect biological activities of polyene macrolides. 28488115 9 84 theme nystain 1408:1414 arg1 A1 1416:1417 nystain A1 1408:1417 nystain A1 1408:1417 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28488115 3 85 theme compound 516:523 arg1 NPP 525:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP 475:527 A newly discovered nystatin-like polyene compound NPP was shown to contain an aglycone that was identical to nystatin but harbored a unique di-sugar moiety, mycosaminyl-N-acetyl-glucosamine, which led to higher solubility and reduced hemolytic toxicity. 28488115 5 86 theme A1 1032:1033 arg1 producer 1035:1042 the NPP A1 producer 1024:1042 the NPP A1 producer 1024:1042 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 5 86 theme A1 1032:1033 arg1 autotrophica 1060:1071 Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1045:1080 Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441 1045:1080 In this study, we investigated biosynthesis of the glycoengineered NPP analog through genetic manipulation of the NPP A1 producer, Pseudonocardia autotrophica KCTC9441. 28488115 9 87 dep in 1491:1492 arg1 vitro 1494:1498 vitro 1494:1498 vitro 1494:1498 When compared with nystain A1 and NPP A1, the newly engineered mannosylated NPP analog showed reduced in vitro antifungal activity, while exhibiting higher nephrotoxical activities against human hepatocytes. 28844310 3 0 from patients 668:675 arg1 model 645:649 a stress-based mouse model 624:649 a stress-based mouse model 624:649 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 3 0 from patients 668:675 arg1 samples 655:661 samples 655:661 samples from patients with MDD 655:684 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 7 1 theme depression 1152:1161 arg1 mice 1169:1172 depression model mice 1152:1172 depression model mice 1152:1172 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 1 2 theme posttranslational 144:160 arg1 Glycosylation 118:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation 107:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation 107:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 1 2 theme posttranslational 144:160 arg1 modification 162:173 a common posttranslational modification 135:173 a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states 135:242 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 10 3 theme ST6GALNAC2 1476:1485 arg1 expression 1487:1496 ST6GALNAC2 expression 1476:1496 ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes 1476:1521 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 8 4 theme ST6GALNAC2 1225:1234 arg1 expression 1211:1220 the expression 1207:1220 the expression of ST6GALNAC2 1207:1234 Moreover, the expression of ST6GALNAC2 was decreased in leukocytes from patients with MDD. 28844310 8 5 with patients 1269:1276 arg1 MDD 1283:1285 MDD 1283:1285 MDD 1283:1285 Moreover, the expression of ST6GALNAC2 was decreased in leukocytes from patients with MDD. 28844310 7 6 theme model 1163:1167 arg1 mice 1169:1172 depression model mice 1152:1172 depression model mice 1152:1172 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 10 7 from expression 1487:1496 arg1 leukocytes 1512:1521 peripheral leukocytes 1501:1521 peripheral leukocytes 1501:1521 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 2 8 theme neuropsychiatric 351:366 arg1 diseases 368:375 some neuropsychiatric diseases 346:375 some neuropsychiatric diseases 346:375 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 1 9 from modification 162:173 arg1 biosynthesis 186:197 protein biosynthesis 178:197 protein biosynthesis 178:197 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 7 10 with mice 1169:1172 arg1 MDD 1192:1194 MDD 1192:1194 MDD 1192:1194 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 10 11 theme structure 1425:1433 arg1 Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc 1435:1452 The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc 1414:1452 The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein 1414:1470 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 4 12 dep METHODS 687:693 arg1 used 698:701 used 698:701 used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively 698:841 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 4 13 used used 698:701 arg2 We 695:696 We 695:696 We 695:696 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 2 14 theme glycan 288:293 arg1 structures 295:304 specific protein glycan structures 271:304 specific protein glycan structures 271:304 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 10 15 from Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc 1435:1452 arg1 protein 1464:1470 plasma protein 1457:1470 plasma protein 1457:1470 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 10 16 dep diagnosis 1581:1589 arg1 the 1568:1570 the 1568:1570 the 1568:1570 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 7 17 theme glycan 1127:1132 arg1 Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1081:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1073:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1073:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 7 17 theme glycan 1127:1132 arg1 structure 1134:1142 a commonly altered glycan structure 1108:1142 a commonly altered glycan structure 1108:1142 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 2 18 theme protein 280:286 arg1 structures 295:304 specific protein glycan structures 271:304 specific protein glycan structures 271:304 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 0 19 theme major 89:93 arg1 depression 95:104 major depression 89:104 major depression 89:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 9 20 theme study 1304:1308 arg1 samples 1310:1316 LIMITATIONS Our study samples 1288:1316 LIMITATIONS Our study samples 1288:1316 LIMITATIONS Our study samples were small and we did not identify specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins. 28844310 2 21 theme specific 271:278 arg1 structures 295:304 specific protein glycan structures 271:304 specific protein glycan structures 271:304 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 3 22 with patients 668:675 arg1 MDD 682:684 MDD 682:684 MDD 682:684 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 1 23 theme protein 178:184 arg1 biosynthesis 186:197 protein biosynthesis 178:197 protein biosynthesis 178:197 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 0 24 theme plasma 8:13 arg1 glycosylation 23:35 Altered plasma protein glycosylation 0:35 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression 0:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 6 25 theme various 1046:1052 arg1 structures 1061:1070 various glycan structures 1046:1070 various glycan structures 1046:1070 Protein glycosylation was analyzed using a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures. 28844310 5 26 with patients 913:920 arg1 MDD 927:929 MDD 927:929 MDD 927:929 We also made comparisons between samples from depressed and remitted patients with MDD. 28844310 3 27 theme plasma 559:564 arg1 structures 581:590 plasma protein glycan structures 559:590 plasma protein glycan structures 559:590 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 0 28 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 glycosylation 23:35 Altered plasma protein glycosylation 0:35 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression 0:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 9 29 theme specific 1353:1360 arg1 proteins 1392:1399 specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins 1353:1399 specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins 1353:1399 LIMITATIONS Our study samples were small and we did not identify specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins. 28844310 7 30 theme altered 1119:1125 arg1 Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1081:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1073:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1073:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 7 30 theme altered 1119:1125 arg1 structure 1134:1142 a commonly altered glycan structure 1108:1142 a commonly altered glycan structure 1108:1142 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 5 31 from patients 913:920 arg1 samples 877:883 samples 877:883 samples from depressed and remitted patients with MDD 877:929 We also made comparisons between samples from depressed and remitted patients with MDD. 28844310 3 32 theme protein 566:572 arg1 structures 581:590 plasma protein glycan structures 559:590 plasma protein glycan structures 559:590 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 10 33 contain have 1527:1530 arg2 biomarkers 1553:1562 candidate biomarkers 1543:1562 candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD 1543:1611 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 10 33 contain have 1527:1530 arg1 expression 1487:1496 ST6GALNAC2 expression 1476:1496 ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes 1476:1521 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 10 33 contain have 1527:1530 arg2 utility 1532:1538 utility 1532:1538 utility 1532:1538 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 2 34 theme depressive 451:460 arg1 disorder 462:469 major depressive disorder 445:469 major depressive disorder (MDD) 445:475 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 2 34 theme depressive 451:460 arg1 MDD 472:474 MDD 472:474 MDD 472:474 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 6 35 theme lectin 975:980 arg1 microarray 982:991 a lectin microarray 973:991 a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures 973:1070 Protein glycosylation was analyzed using a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures. 28844310 0 36 with patients 75:82 arg1 depression 95:104 major depression 89:104 major depression 89:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 0 37 theme protein 15:21 arg1 glycosylation 23:35 Altered plasma protein glycosylation 0:35 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression 0:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 10 38 theme MDD 1609:1611 arg1 monitoring 1595:1604 monitoring 1595:1604 monitoring 1595:1604 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 10 38 theme MDD 1609:1611 arg1 diagnosis 1581:1589 clinical diagnosis 1572:1589 clinical diagnosis 1572:1589 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 7 39 with patients 1178:1185 arg1 MDD 1192:1194 MDD 1192:1194 MDD 1192:1194 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 5 40 theme remitted 904:911 arg1 patients 913:920 depressed and remitted patients 890:920 depressed and remitted patients with MDD 890:929 We also made comparisons between samples from depressed and remitted patients with MDD. 28844310 7 41 from structure 1134:1142 arg1 patients 1178:1185 patients 1178:1185 patients with MDD 1178:1194 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 7 41 from structure 1134:1142 arg1 mice 1169:1172 depression model mice 1152:1172 depression model mice 1152:1172 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 7 42 theme RESULTS 1073:1079 arg1 Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1081:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1073:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc 1073:1102 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 7 42 theme RESULTS 1073:1079 arg1 structure 1134:1142 a commonly altered glycan structure 1108:1142 a commonly altered glycan structure 1108:1142 RESULTS Sia-alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc was a commonly altered glycan structure in both depression model mice and patients with MDD. 28844310 6 43 theme glycan 1054:1059 arg1 structures 1061:1070 various glycan structures 1046:1070 various glycan structures 1046:1070 Protein glycosylation was analyzed using a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures. 28844310 2 44 theme protein 419:425 arg1 glycosylation 427:439 plasma protein glycosylation 412:439 plasma protein glycosylation 412:439 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 3 45 theme stress-based 626:637 arg1 model 645:649 a stress-based mouse model 624:649 a stress-based mouse model 624:649 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 4 46 theme depression 804:813 arg1 models 794:799 mouse models 788:799 mouse models of depression and remission 788:827 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 4 46 theme depression 804:813 arg1 mice 733:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice 703:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively 703:841 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 2 47 theme plasma 412:417 arg1 glycosylation 427:439 plasma protein glycosylation 412:439 plasma protein glycosylation 412:439 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 10 48 theme peripheral 1501:1510 arg1 leukocytes 1512:1521 peripheral leukocytes 1501:1521 peripheral leukocytes 1501:1521 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 4 49 theme remission 819:827 arg1 models 794:799 mouse models 788:799 mouse models of depression and remission 788:827 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 4 49 theme remission 819:827 arg1 mice 733:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice 703:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively 703:841 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 3 50 theme mouse 639:643 arg1 model 645:649 a stress-based mouse model 624:649 a stress-based mouse model 624:649 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 3 51 theme glycan 574:579 arg1 structures 581:590 plasma protein glycan structures 559:590 plasma protein glycan structures 559:590 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 4 52 theme chronic 703:709 arg1 models 794:799 mouse models 788:799 mouse models of depression and remission 788:827 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 4 52 theme chronic 703:709 arg1 mice 733:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice 703:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively 703:841 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 0 53 theme mouse 42:46 arg1 model 48:52 a mouse model 40:52 a mouse model of depression 40:66 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 0 54 gly glycosylation 23:35 arg1 patients 75:82 patients 75:82 patients with major depression 75:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 0 54 gly glycosylation 23:35 arg1 model 48:52 a mouse model 40:52 a mouse model of depression 40:66 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 8 55 from patients 1269:1276 arg1 leukocytes 1253:1262 leukocytes 1253:1262 leukocytes from patients with MDD 1253:1285 Moreover, the expression of ST6GALNAC2 was decreased in leukocytes from patients with MDD. 28844310 1 56 theme BACKGROUND 107:116 arg1 Glycosylation 118:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation 107:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation 107:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 1 56 theme BACKGROUND 107:116 arg1 modification 162:173 a common posttranslational modification 135:173 a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states 135:242 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 10 57 theme candidate 1543:1551 arg1 utility 1532:1538 utility 1532:1538 utility 1532:1538 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 10 57 theme candidate 1543:1551 arg1 biomarkers 1553:1562 candidate biomarkers 1543:1562 candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD 1543:1611 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 6 58 theme Protein 932:938 arg1 glycosylation 940:952 Protein glycosylation 932:952 Protein glycosylation 932:952 Protein glycosylation was analyzed using a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures. 28844310 9 59 theme LIMITATIONS 1288:1298 arg1 samples 1310:1316 LIMITATIONS Our study samples 1288:1316 LIMITATIONS Our study samples 1288:1316 LIMITATIONS Our study samples were small and we did not identify specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins. 28844310 4 60 theme mouse 788:792 arg1 models 794:799 mouse models 788:799 mouse models of depression and remission 788:827 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 4 60 theme mouse 788:792 arg1 mice 733:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice 703:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively 703:841 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 10 61 theme plasma 1457:1462 arg1 protein 1464:1470 plasma protein 1457:1470 plasma protein 1457:1470 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 4 62 theme stressed 724:731 arg1 models 794:799 mouse models 788:799 mouse models of depression and remission 788:827 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 4 62 theme stressed 724:731 arg1 mice 733:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice 703:736 chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively 703:841 METHODS We used chronic ultra-mildly stressed mice that were untreated or treated with imipramine as mouse models of depression and remission, respectively. 28844310 10 63 theme clinical 1572:1579 arg1 diagnosis 1581:1589 clinical diagnosis 1572:1589 clinical diagnosis 1572:1589 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 1 64 theme disease 229:235 arg1 states 237:242 several disease states 221:242 several disease states 221:242 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 3 65 theme study 528:532 arg1 aim 516:518 The aim 512:518 The aim of this study 512:532 The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma protein glycan structures are altered in depression using a stress-based mouse model and samples from patients with MDD. 28844310 9 66 gly alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated 1362:1390 arg1 proteins 1392:1399 specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins 1353:1399 specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins 1353:1399 LIMITATIONS Our study samples were small and we did not identify specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins. 28844310 9 67 theme alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated 1362:1390 arg1 proteins 1392:1399 specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins 1353:1399 specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins 1353:1399 LIMITATIONS Our study samples were small and we did not identify specific alpha2-6Gal/GalNAc-sialylated proteins. 28844310 5 68 theme depressed 890:898 arg1 patients 913:920 depressed and remitted patients 890:920 depressed and remitted patients with MDD 890:929 We also made comparisons between samples from depressed and remitted patients with MDD. 28844310 0 69 theme depression 57:66 arg1 model 48:52 a mouse model 40:52 a mouse model of depression 40:66 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 1 70 theme several 221:227 arg1 states 237:242 several disease states 221:242 several disease states 221:242 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 6 71 with lectins 1010:1016 arg1 affinities 1031:1040 binding affinities 1023:1040 binding affinities for various glycan structures 1023:1070 Protein glycosylation was analyzed using a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures. 28844310 10 72 theme glycan 1418:1423 arg1 Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc 1435:1452 The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc 1414:1452 The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein 1414:1470 CONCLUSIONS The glycan structure Sia-alpha2-6GalNAc in plasma protein and ST6GALNAC2 expression in peripheral leukocytes may have utility as candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of MDD. 28844310 6 73 theme binding 1023:1029 arg1 affinities 1031:1040 binding affinities 1023:1040 binding affinities for various glycan structures 1023:1070 Protein glycosylation was analyzed using a lectin microarray that included 45 lectins with binding affinities for various glycan structures. 28844310 0 74 from glycosylation 23:35 arg1 patients 75:82 patients 75:82 patients with major depression 75:104 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 0 74 from glycosylation 23:35 arg1 model 48:52 a mouse model 40:52 a mouse model of depression 40:66 Altered plasma protein glycosylation in a mouse model of depression and in patients with major depression. 28844310 2 75 theme major 445:449 arg1 disorder 462:469 major depressive disorder 445:469 major depressive disorder (MDD) 445:475 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 2 75 theme major 445:449 arg1 MDD 472:474 MDD 472:474 MDD 472:474 It has been reported that specific protein glycan structures are useful as biomarkers for cancer and some neuropsychiatric diseases; however, the relationship between plasma protein glycosylation and major depressive disorder (MDD) has not been investigated to date. 28844310 1 76 theme common 137:142 arg1 Glycosylation 118:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation 107:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation 107:130 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 28844310 1 76 theme common 137:142 arg1 modification 162:173 a common posttranslational modification 135:173 a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states 135:242 BACKGROUND Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification in protein biosynthesis that is implicated in several disease states. 23688935 4 0 theme mAbs 817:820 arg1 analysis 798:805 the analysis 794:805 the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics 794:847 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 1 1 theme mass 140:143 arg1 MS 159:160 MS 159:160 MS 159:160 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 1 1 theme mass 140:143 arg1 spectrometry 145:156 mass spectrometry 140:156 mass spectrometry (MS) 140:161 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 4 2 theme intact 810:815 arg1 mAbs 817:820 intact mAbs 810:820 intact mAbs 810:820 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 1 3 theme spectrometry 145:156 arg1 role 132:135 the role 128:135 the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology 128:196 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 2 4 theme protein 324:330 arg1 complexes 332:340 non-covalent protein complexes 311:340 non-covalent protein complexes 311:340 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 3 5 from characterization 472:487 arg1 setting 530:536 an industrial setting 516:536 an industrial setting 516:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 1 6 theme " 103:103 arg1 techniques 116:125 "soft" ionization techniques 98:125 "soft" ionization techniques 98:125 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 3 7 theme industrial 519:528 arg1 setting 530:536 an industrial setting 516:536 an industrial setting 516:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 1 8 from role 132:135 arg1 field 170:174 the field 166:174 the field of structural biology 166:196 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 2 9 theme buffers 260:266 arg1 incorporation 234:246 the incorporation 230:246 the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents 230:308 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 4 10 theme sample 661:666 arg1 protocol 668:675 a detailed sample protocol 650:675 a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 650:724 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 1 11 theme ionization 105:114 arg1 techniques 116:125 "soft" ionization techniques 98:125 "soft" ionization techniques 98:125 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 2 12 theme volatile 251:258 arg1 buffers 260:266 volatile buffers 251:266 volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents 251:308 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 4 13 theme native 729:734 arg1 MS 736:737 native MS 729:737 native MS 729:737 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 3 14 gly heterogeneity 587:599 arg1 biomolecules 618:629 these complex biomolecules 604:629 these complex biomolecules 604:629 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 0 15 theme native 11:16 arg1 analysis 36:43 native mass spectrometry analysis 11:43 native mass spectrometry analysis 11:43 Performing native mass spectrometry analysis on therapeutic antibodies. 23688935 4 16 theme antibodies 708:717 arg1 analysis 685:692 the analysis 681:692 the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 681:724 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 4 17 theme monoclonal 697:706 arg1 mAbs 720:723 mAbs 720:723 mAbs 720:723 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 4 17 theme monoclonal 697:706 arg1 antibodies 708:717 monoclonal antibodies 697:717 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 697:724 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 0 18 theme spectrometry 23:34 arg1 analysis 36:43 native mass spectrometry analysis 11:43 native mass spectrometry analysis 11:43 Performing native mass spectrometry analysis on therapeutic antibodies. 23688935 2 19 theme ionization 284:293 arg1 solvents 301:308 electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents 271:308 electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents 271:308 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 2 20 theme mass 396:399 arg1 analysis 401:408 mass analysis 396:408 mass analysis 396:408 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 0 21 theme mass 18:21 arg1 analysis 36:43 native mass spectrometry analysis 11:43 native mass spectrometry analysis 11:43 Performing native mass spectrometry analysis on therapeutic antibodies. 23688935 3 22 theme proteins 504:511 arg1 characterization 472:487 standard characterization 463:487 standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting 463:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 3 23 theme biomolecules 618:629 arg1 heterogeneity 587:599 the structural heterogeneity 572:599 the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules 572:629 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 2 24 theme electrospray 271:282 arg1 ionization 284:293 electrospray ionization 271:293 electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents 271:308 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 2 24 theme electrospray 271:282 arg1 ESI 296:298 ESI 296:298 ESI 296:298 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 3 25 used used 558:561 arg2 it 539:540 it 539:540 it 539:540 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 3 26 theme standard 463:470 arg1 characterization 472:487 standard characterization 463:487 standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting 463:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 1 27 theme structural 179:188 arg1 biology 190:196 structural biology 179:196 structural biology 179:196 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 4 28 theme mAb-based 826:834 arg1 therapeutics 836:847 mAb-based therapeutics 826:847 mAb-based therapeutics 826:847 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 3 29 theme complex 610:616 arg1 biomolecules 618:629 these complex biomolecules 604:629 these complex biomolecules 604:629 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 4 30 theme MS 788:789 arg1 applications 765:776 some recent applications 753:776 some recent applications of native MS 753:789 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 2 31 theme non-covalent 311:322 arg1 complexes 332:340 non-covalent protein complexes 311:340 non-covalent protein complexes 311:340 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 0 32 theme therapeutic 48:58 arg1 antibodies 60:69 therapeutic antibodies 48:69 therapeutic antibodies 48:69 Performing native mass spectrometry analysis on therapeutic antibodies. 23688935 4 33 theme therapeutics 836:847 arg1 analysis 798:805 the analysis 794:805 the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics 794:847 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 4 34 theme native 781:786 arg1 MS 788:789 native MS 781:789 native MS 781:789 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 1 35 theme techniques 116:125 arg1 introduction 82:93 the introduction 78:93 the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques 78:125 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 3 36 from setting 530:536 arg1 characterization 472:487 standard characterization 463:487 standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting 463:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 1 37 theme soft 99:102 arg1 techniques 116:125 "soft" ionization techniques 98:125 "soft" ionization techniques 98:125 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 1 38 theme biology 190:196 arg1 field 170:174 the field 166:174 the field of structural biology 166:196 Since the introduction of "soft" ionization techniques, the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in the field of structural biology has increasingly expanded. 23688935 2 39 theme gas 382:384 arg1 phase 386:390 the gas phase 378:390 the gas phase for mass analysis 378:408 With the incorporation of volatile buffers as electrospray ionization (ESI) solvents, non-covalent protein complexes could be efficiently transferred to the gas phase for mass analysis. 23688935 4 40 theme recent 758:763 arg1 applications 765:776 some recent applications 753:776 some recent applications of native MS 753:789 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 4 41 theme detailed 652:659 arg1 protocol 668:675 a detailed sample protocol 650:675 a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 650:724 Here, we describe a detailed sample protocol for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by native MS and highlight some recent applications of native MS in the analysis of intact mAbs and mAb-based therapeutics. 23688935 3 42 theme native 417:422 arg1 MS 424:425 native MS 417:425 native MS 417:425 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 3 43 theme structural 576:585 arg1 heterogeneity 587:599 the structural heterogeneity 572:599 the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules 572:629 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 3 44 theme therapeutic 492:502 arg1 proteins 504:511 therapeutic proteins 492:511 therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting 492:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 23688935 3 45 from proteins 504:511 arg1 setting 530:536 an industrial setting 516:536 an industrial setting 516:536 While native MS has not become a technique used for standard characterization of therapeutic proteins in an industrial setting, it is increasingly used to probe the structural heterogeneity of these complex biomolecules. 27743368 3 0 theme interaction 708:718 arg1 chromatography 727:740 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 696:740 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 696:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 0 theme interaction 708:718 arg1 HILIC 743:747 HILIC 743:747 HILIC 743:747 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 1 1 theme intercellular 155:167 arg1 recognition 169:179 intercellular recognition 155:179 intercellular recognition 155:179 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 2 2 theme glycans 476:482 arg1 analysis 464:471 analysis 464:471 analysis of glycans 464:482 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 2 2 theme glycans 476:482 arg1 extraction 449:458 protein extraction 441:458 protein extraction 441:458 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 3 3 theme N-glycans 680:688 arg1 extraction 561:570 cloud-point extraction 549:570 cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 549:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 3 theme N-glycans 680:688 arg1 CPE 573:575 CPE 573:575 CPE 573:575 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 3 theme N-glycans 680:688 arg1 analysis 662:669 subsequent analysis 651:669 subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 651:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 2 4 theme membrane 343:350 arg1 proteins 352:359 membrane proteins 343:359 membrane proteins 343:359 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 4 5 theme membrane 831:838 arg1 analysis 814:821 parallel analysis 805:821 parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins 805:865 The protocol presented here can be used for parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins. 27743368 1 6 from recognition 169:179 arg1 surface 225:231 the cell surface 216:231 the cell surface 216:231 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 2 7 from composition 302:312 arg1 proteins 352:359 membrane proteins 343:359 membrane proteins 343:359 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 4 8 theme intracellular 844:856 arg1 proteins 858:865 intracellular proteins 844:865 intracellular proteins 844:865 The protocol presented here can be used for parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins. 27743368 2 9 theme analytical 407:416 arg1 method 418:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 1 10 theme membrane 73:80 arg1 proteins 82:89 membrane proteins 73:89 membrane proteins 73:89 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 2 11 theme efficient 380:388 arg1 method 418:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 3 12 theme liquid 720:725 arg1 chromatography 727:740 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 696:740 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 696:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 12 theme liquid 720:725 arg1 HILIC 743:747 HILIC 743:747 HILIC 743:747 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 1 13 theme proteins 82:89 arg1 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation 56:68 Glycosylation of membrane proteins 56:89 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 14 theme intermolecular 185:198 arg1 interactions 200:211 intermolecular interactions 185:211 intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012) 185:290 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 14 theme intermolecular 185:198 arg1 Gornik 234:239 Gornik 234:239 Gornik 234:239 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 2 15 theme protein 441:447 arg1 extraction 449:458 protein extraction 441:458 protein extraction 441:458 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 3 16 theme chromatography 727:740 arg1 -UPLC/HPLC 749:758 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 696:758 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 696:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 17 theme analytical 515:524 arg1 approach 526:533 an analytical approach 512:533 an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 512:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 4 18 theme proteins 858:865 arg1 analysis 814:821 parallel analysis 805:821 parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins 805:865 The protocol presented here can be used for parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins. 27743368 4 19 theme parallel 805:812 arg1 analysis 814:821 parallel analysis 805:821 parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins 805:865 The protocol presented here can be used for parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins. 27743368 1 20 theme crucial 99:105 arg1 role 107:110 a crucial role 97:110 a crucial role 97:110 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 0 21 theme N-Glycosylation 12:26 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins. 0:54 Analysis of N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins. 27743368 2 22 dep has 365:367 arg1 study 296:300 study 296:300 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins 293:359 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 3 23 theme detergent 624:632 arg1 X-114 641:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 1 24 theme cell 220:223 arg1 surface 225:231 the cell surface 216:231 the cell surface 216:231 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 0 25 theme Membrane 37:44 arg1 Proteins 46:53 Total Membrane Proteins 31:53 Total Membrane Proteins 31:53 Analysis of N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins. 27743368 2 26 theme N-glycans 330:338 arg1 function 318:325 function 318:325 function 318:325 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 2 26 theme N-glycans 330:338 arg1 composition 302:312 composition 302:312 composition 302:312 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 2 27 contain have 372:375 arg2 method 418:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 2 27 contain have 372:375 arg1 one 361:363 one 361:363 one 361:363 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 3 28 theme total 581:585 arg1 proteins 596:603 total membrane proteins 581:603 total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 581:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 4 29 used used 796:799 arg2 protocol 765:772 The protocol 761:772 The protocol presented here 761:787 The protocol presented here can be used for parallel analysis of both membrane and intracellular proteins. 27743368 2 30 theme reproducible 394:405 arg1 method 418:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 an efficient and reproducible analytical method 377:423 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 0 31 theme Total 31:35 arg1 Proteins 46:53 Total Membrane Proteins 31:53 Total Membrane Proteins 31:53 Analysis of N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins. 27743368 1 32 dep Gornik 234:239 arg1 al. 244:246 Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012 234:289 al. 244:246 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 32 dep Gornik 234:239 arg1 Acta 265:268 Acta 265:268 Acta 265:268 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 3 33 theme membrane 587:594 arg1 proteins 596:603 total membrane proteins 581:603 total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 581:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 34 theme Triton 634:639 arg1 X-114 641:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 0 35 gly N-Glycosylation 12:26 arg1 Proteins 46:53 Total Membrane Proteins 31:53 Total Membrane Proteins 31:53 Analysis of N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins. 27743368 0 36 theme Proteins 46:53 arg1 N-Glycosylation 12:26 N-Glycosylation 12:26 N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins 12:53 Analysis of N-Glycosylation of Total Membrane Proteins. 27743368 1 37 theme various 115:121 arg1 interactions 200:211 intermolecular interactions 185:211 intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012) 185:290 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 37 theme various 115:121 arg1 events 137:142 various physiological events 115:142 various physiological events 115:142 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 37 theme various 115:121 arg1 recognition 169:179 intercellular recognition 155:179 intercellular recognition 155:179 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 2 38 from function 318:325 arg1 proteins 352:359 membrane proteins 343:359 membrane proteins 343:359 To study composition and function of N-glycans on membrane proteins one has to have an efficient and reproducible analytical method, which includes protein extraction and analysis of glycans. 27743368 1 39 theme physiological 123:135 arg1 interactions 200:211 intermolecular interactions 185:211 intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012) 185:290 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 39 theme physiological 123:135 arg1 events 137:142 various physiological events 115:142 various physiological events 115:142 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 1 39 theme physiological 123:135 arg1 recognition 169:179 intercellular recognition 155:179 intercellular recognition 155:179 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 3 40 theme cloud-point 549:559 arg1 extraction 561:570 cloud-point extraction 549:570 cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 549:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 40 theme cloud-point 549:559 arg1 CPE 573:575 CPE 573:575 CPE 573:575 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 41 theme subsequent 651:660 arg1 analysis 662:669 subsequent analysis 651:669 subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 651:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 42 theme non-ionic 614:622 arg1 X-114 641:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 1 43 from interactions 200:211 arg1 surface 225:231 the cell surface 216:231 the cell surface 216:231 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 3 44 with proteins 596:603 arg1 X-114 641:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 610:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 45 theme proteins 596:603 arg1 extraction 561:570 cloud-point extraction 549:570 cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 549:645 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 45 theme proteins 596:603 arg1 CPE 573:575 CPE 573:575 CPE 573:575 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 45 theme proteins 596:603 arg1 analysis 662:669 subsequent analysis 651:669 subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 651:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 1 46 gly Glycosylation 56:68 arg1 proteins 82:89 membrane proteins 73:89 membrane proteins 73:89 Glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a crucial role in various physiological events, including intercellular recognition and intermolecular interactions on the cell surface (Gornik et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1820:1318-1326, 2012). 27743368 3 47 theme hydrophilic 696:706 arg1 chromatography 727:740 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 696:740 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC 696:758 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 27743368 3 47 theme hydrophilic 696:706 arg1 HILIC 743:747 HILIC 743:747 HILIC 743:747 In this chapter we provide an analytical approach that includes cloud-point extraction (CPE) of total membrane proteins with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-114 and subsequent analysis of their N-glycans using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-UPLC/HPLC. 28366632 3 0 theme functional 728:737 arg1 complexes 739:747 the functional complexes 724:747 the functional complexes involving EDEM3 724:763 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 4 1 theme identified 883:892 arg1 species 894:900 MS identified species 880:900 MS identified species 880:900 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 6 2 theme ERAD 1324:1327 arg1 recognition 1335:1345 the ERAD cargo recognition 1320:1345 the ERAD cargo recognition 1320:1345 The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. 28366632 2 3 with immunoprecipitation 289:307 arg1 spectrometry 319:330 mass spectrometry 314:330 mass spectrometry 314:330 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 4 4 dep in 966:967 arg1 silico 969:974 silico 969:974 silico 969:974 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 5 5 theme inferred 1186:1193 arg1 interactions 1195:1206 the inferred interactions 1182:1206 the inferred interactions 1182:1206 Finally, the most interesting candidates to this network were further validated by immunoprecipitation coupled with Western Blotting, which strengthened the confidence in the inferred interactions. 28366632 6 6 theme cargo 1329:1333 arg1 recognition 1335:1345 the ERAD cargo recognition 1320:1345 the ERAD cargo recognition 1320:1345 The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. 28366632 2 7 theme coupling 280:287 arg1 immunoprecipitation 289:307 coupling immunoprecipitation 280:307 coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry 280:330 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 7 8 theme interactors 1517:1527 arg1 network 1500:1506 this network 1495:1506 this network of EDEM3 interactors 1495:1527 In addition, the results indicate that this network of EDEM3 interactors is highly sensitive to interfering with early ER N-glycan processing. 28366632 4 9 theme species 894:900 arg1 set 873:875 the set 869:875 the set of MS identified species 869:900 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 4 9 theme species 894:900 arg1 species 894:900 MS identified species 880:900 MS identified species 880:900 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 1 10 theme glucosidase 253:263 arg1 inhibitors 265:274 mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors 237:274 inhibitors 265:274 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 3 11 theme ER 513:514 arg1 network 528:534 this ER interaction network 508:534 this ER interaction network 508:534 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 4 12 attach derived 953:959 arg2 interactors 941:951 putative interactors 932:951 putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING 932:1008 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 4 12 attach derived 953:959 arg1 simulations 976:986 in silico simulations 966:986 in silico simulations performed with STRING 966:1008 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 2 13 theme abundant 416:423 arg1 ER-residents 425:436 those most abundant ER-residents 405:436 those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3 405:484 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 3 14 with treatment 579:587 arg1 NB-DNJ 641:646 NB-DNJ 641:646 NB-DNJ 641:646 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 3 14 with treatment 579:587 arg1 kif 607:609 kif 607:609 kif 607:609 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 3 14 with treatment 579:587 arg1 N-butyldeoxynojirimycin 616:638 N-butyldeoxynojirimycin 616:638 N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) 616:647 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 3 14 with treatment 579:587 arg1 kifunensine 594:604 kifunensine 594:604 kifunensine (kif) 594:610 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 7 15 theme EDEM3 1511:1515 arg1 interactors 1517:1527 EDEM3 interactors 1511:1527 EDEM3 interactors 1511:1527 In addition, the results indicate that this network of EDEM3 interactors is highly sensitive to interfering with early ER N-glycan processing. 28366632 7 16 theme ER 1575:1576 arg1 processing 1587:1596 early ER N-glycan processing 1569:1596 early ER N-glycan processing 1569:1596 In addition, the results indicate that this network of EDEM3 interactors is highly sensitive to interfering with early ER N-glycan processing. 28366632 6 17 theme ER 1259:1260 arg1 residents 1262:1270 ER residents 1259:1270 ER residents 1259:1270 The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. 28366632 2 18 theme mass 314:317 arg1 spectrometry 319:330 mass spectrometry 314:330 mass spectrometry 314:330 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 0 19 theme processing 23:32 arg1 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition of N-glycan processing 0:32 Inhibition of N-glycan processing modulates the network of EDEM3 interactors. 28366632 3 20 theme cellular 787:794 arg1 homeostasis 796:806 the cellular homeostasis 783:806 the cellular homeostasis 783:806 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 4 21 theme network 849:855 arg1 contenders 857:866 EDEM3 network contenders 843:866 EDEM3 network contenders 843:866 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 2 22 theme functional 454:463 arg1 complexes 465:473 functional complexes 454:473 functional complexes with EDEM3 454:484 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 3 23 theme interaction 516:526 arg1 network 528:534 this ER interaction network 508:534 this ER interaction network 508:534 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 4 24 theme in 966:967 arg1 simulations 976:986 in silico simulations 966:986 in silico simulations performed with STRING 966:1008 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 4 25 theme EDEM3 843:847 arg1 contenders 857:866 EDEM3 network contenders 843:866 EDEM3 network contenders 843:866 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 7 26 theme N-glycan 1578:1585 arg1 processing 1587:1596 early ER N-glycan processing 1569:1596 early ER N-glycan processing 1569:1596 In addition, the results indicate that this network of EDEM3 interactors is highly sensitive to interfering with early ER N-glycan processing. 28366632 1 27 theme mannosidase 237:247 arg1 inhibitors 265:274 mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors 237:274 inhibitors 265:274 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 5 28 theme Western 1127:1133 arg1 Blotting 1135:1142 Western Blotting 1127:1142 Western Blotting 1127:1142 Finally, the most interesting candidates to this network were further validated by immunoprecipitation coupled with Western Blotting, which strengthened the confidence in the inferred interactions. 28366632 6 29 dep translocation 1376:1388 arg1 to 1361:1362 to 1361:1362 to 1361:1362 The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. 28366632 2 30 with complexes 465:473 arg1 EDEM3 480:484 EDEM3 480:484 EDEM3 480:484 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 4 31 dep identified 883:892 arg1 MS 880:881 MS 880:881 MS 880:881 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 4 32 theme contenders 857:866 arg1 scope 834:838 the scope 830:838 the scope of EDEM3 network contenders 830:866 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 1 33 theme EDEM3 102:106 arg1 network 108:114 EDEM3 network 102:114 EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors 102:141 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 5 34 from confidence 1168:1177 arg1 interactions 1195:1206 the inferred interactions 1182:1206 the inferred interactions 1182:1206 Finally, the most interesting candidates to this network were further validated by immunoprecipitation coupled with Western Blotting, which strengthened the confidence in the inferred interactions. 28366632 6 35 theme degradation 1364:1374 arg1 translocation 1376:1388 targeting to degradation translocation 1351:1388 targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol 1351:1405 The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. 28366632 3 36 theme N-glycan 695:702 arg1 pathway 715:721 the N-glycan processing pathway 691:721 the N-glycan processing pathway 691:721 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 1 37 theme interactors 131:141 arg1 changes 151:157 the changes 147:157 the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors 147:274 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 1 37 theme interactors 131:141 arg1 network 108:114 EDEM3 network 102:114 EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors 102:141 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 2 38 theme EDEM3 346:350 arg1 interactors 352:362 EDEM3 interactors 346:362 EDEM3 interactors 346:362 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 28366632 1 39 from data 94:97 arg1 changes 151:157 the changes 147:157 the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors 147:274 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 1 39 from data 94:97 arg1 network 108:114 EDEM3 network 102:114 EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors 102:141 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 4 40 theme putative 932:939 arg1 interactors 941:951 putative interactors 932:951 putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING 932:1008 In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. 28366632 3 41 theme processing 704:713 arg1 pathway 715:721 the N-glycan processing pathway 691:721 the N-glycan processing pathway 691:721 We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. 28366632 1 42 theme early 203:207 arg1 processing 221:230 the early ER N-glycan processing 199:230 the early ER N-glycan processing 199:230 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 6 43 theme targeting 1351:1359 arg1 translocation 1376:1388 targeting to degradation translocation 1351:1388 targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol 1351:1405 The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. 28366632 1 44 theme ER 119:120 arg1 interactors 131:141 ER resident interactors 119:141 ER resident interactors 119:141 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 1 45 theme ER 209:210 arg1 processing 221:230 the early ER N-glycan processing 199:230 the early ER N-glycan processing 199:230 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 0 46 theme interactors 65:75 arg1 network 48:54 the network 44:54 the network of EDEM3 interactors 44:75 Inhibition of N-glycan processing modulates the network of EDEM3 interactors. 28366632 7 47 theme early 1569:1573 arg1 processing 1587:1596 early ER N-glycan processing 1569:1596 early ER N-glycan processing 1569:1596 In addition, the results indicate that this network of EDEM3 interactors is highly sensitive to interfering with early ER N-glycan processing. 28366632 5 48 theme interesting 1029:1039 arg1 candidates 1041:1050 the most interesting candidates 1020:1050 the most interesting candidates to this network 1020:1066 Finally, the most interesting candidates to this network were further validated by immunoprecipitation coupled with Western Blotting, which strengthened the confidence in the inferred interactions. 28366632 1 49 theme resident 122:129 arg1 interactors 131:141 ER resident interactors 119:141 ER resident interactors 119:141 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 1 50 theme N-glycan 212:219 arg1 processing 221:230 the early ER N-glycan processing 199:230 the early ER N-glycan processing 199:230 We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. 28366632 0 51 theme EDEM3 59:63 arg1 interactors 65:75 EDEM3 interactors 59:75 EDEM3 interactors 59:75 Inhibition of N-glycan processing modulates the network of EDEM3 interactors. 28366632 0 52 theme N-glycan 14:21 arg1 processing 23:32 N-glycan processing 14:32 N-glycan processing 14:32 Inhibition of N-glycan processing modulates the network of EDEM3 interactors. 28366632 2 53 theme statistical 377:387 arg1 significance 389:400 statistical significance 377:400 statistical significance 377:400 By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER-residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. 27055525 12 0 theme 1 → 6 1529:1533 arg1 1-P- 1549:1552 -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P- 1515:1552 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 1 theme structure 1504:1512 arg1 L-lysine 1439:1446 L-lysine 1439:1446 L-lysine 1439:1446 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 1 theme structure 1504:1512 arg1 poly 1455:1458 a poly 1453:1458 a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure 1453:1512 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 1 theme structure 1504:1512 arg1 1-phosphate 1471:1481 diglycosyl 1-phosphate 1460:1481 diglycosyl 1-phosphate 1460:1481 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 5 2 theme acid 661:664 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 6 3 theme cell 782:785 arg1 walls 787:791 The cell walls 778:791 The cell walls of 'S 778:797 The cell walls of 'S. 27055525 5 4 theme 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic 593:634 arg1 acid 636:639 a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid 591:639 a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid 591:639 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 4 theme 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic 593:634 arg1 Kdn 642:644 Kdn 642:644 Kdn 642:644 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 5 theme ribitol 483:489 arg1 1,5-poly 474:481 unsubstituted 1,5-poly 460:481 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) 460:500 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 5 theme ribitol 483:489 arg1 phosphate 491:499 ribitol phosphate 483:499 ribitol phosphate 483:499 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 1 6 theme type 178:181 arg1 strain 183:188 the type strain 174:188 the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 174:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 4 7 theme albus 386:390 arg1 T 402:402 T 402:402 T 402:402 albus VKM Ac-35(T) was found to be comprised of three glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 4 7 theme albus 386:390 arg1 Ac-35 396:400 albus VKM Ac-35 386:400 albus VKM Ac-35(T) 386:403 albus VKM Ac-35(T) was found to be comprised of three glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 5 8 theme -α-Kdnp- 683:690 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 9 9 theme β-D-Galp- 1075:1083 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 2 10 theme chemical 313:320 arg1 combination 298:308 a combination 296:308 a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods 296:350 The structures of the glycopolymers were established using a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 27055525 1 11 theme pathocidini 206:216 arg1 strain 183:188 the type strain 174:188 the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 174:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 1 11 theme pathocidini 206:216 arg1 strains 140:146 three strains 134:146 three strains of Streptomyces albus 134:168 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 12 12 theme glycerol 1328:1335 arg1 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 12 theme glycerol 1328:1335 arg1 phosphate 1337:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 9 13 dep 2-OH 1167:1170 arg1 3 1139:1139 3 1139:1139 3 1139:1139 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 14 theme 1 → 9 1085:1089 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 5 15 theme glycerol 512:519 arg1 1,3-poly 503:510 1,3-poly 503:510 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose 503:565 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 15 theme glycerol 512:519 arg1 phosphate 521:529 glycerol phosphate 512:529 glycerol phosphate 512:529 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 16 theme β-D-Glcp- 667:675 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 9 17 theme -α-Kdnp- 1091:1098 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 5 18 theme 1 → 8 677:681 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 1 19 theme strains 140:146 arg1 glycopolymers 117:129 The cell wall glycopolymers 103:129 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 103:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 9 20 dep structure 1025:1033 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 0 21 theme albidoflavus 60:71 arg1 glycopolymers 10:22 Cell wall glycopolymers 0:22 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 0:101 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 27055525 9 22 theme →3 1103:1104 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 11 23 contain contain 1287:1293 arg2 glycopolymers 1299:1311 two glycopolymers 1295:1311 two glycopolymers 1295:1311 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 11 23 contain contain 1287:1293 arg2 viz 1314:1316 viz 1314:1316 viz 1314:1316 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 11 23 contain contain 1287:1293 arg1 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 11 23 contain contain 1287:1293 arg1 Ac-598 1264:1269 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598 1246:1269 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) 1246:1272 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 7 24 dep J1074 807:811 arg1 albus 800:804 albus 800:804 albus 800:804 albus' J1074 and 'S. 27055525 5 25 theme -α-Kdnp- 715:722 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 9 26 theme -β-D-Galp- 1106:1115 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 8 27 theme structures 890:899 arg1 viz 902:904 viz 902:904 viz 902:904 albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. 27055525 8 27 theme structures 890:899 arg1 glycopolymers 863:875 three glycopolymers 857:875 three glycopolymers of identical structures 857:899 albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. 27055525 10 28 theme cell 1192:1195 arg1 wall 1197:1200 The cell wall 1188:1200 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly 1188:1228 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. 27055525 10 29 dep S. 1230:1231 arg1 wall 1197:1200 The cell wall 1188:1200 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly 1188:1228 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. 27055525 10 29 dep S. 1230:1231 arg1 subsp 1239:1243 subsp 1239:1243 S. albus subsp 1230:1243 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. 27055525 10 29 dep S. 1230:1231 arg1 albus 1233:1237 S. albus subsp 1230:1243 S. albus subsp 1230:1243 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. 27055525 9 30 theme 1 → 9 1117:1121 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 31 theme glycerol 939:946 arg1 phosphates 948:957 glycerol phosphates 939:957 glycerol phosphates 939:957 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 31 theme glycerol 939:946 arg1 1,3- 921:924 unsubstituted 1,3- 907:924 unsubstituted 1,3- 907:924 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 5 32 theme -β-D-Glcp- 698:707 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 9 33 theme -α-Kdnp- 1123:1130 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 10 34 theme pathocidini 1208:1218 arg1 wall 1197:1200 The cell wall 1188:1200 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly 1188:1228 The cell wall of S. pathocidini (formerly S. albus subsp. 27055525 0 35 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 glycopolymers 10:22 Cell wall glycopolymers 0:22 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 0:101 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 27055525 9 36 theme 2 → 1132:1134 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 37 theme n 1137:1137 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 1 38 theme wall 112:115 arg1 glycopolymers 117:129 The cell wall glycopolymers 103:129 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 103:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 5 39 dep acid 636:639 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 9 40 theme major 969:973 arg1 polymer 975:981 the major polymer 965:981 the major polymer 965:981 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 5 41 theme 2 → 724:726 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 12 42 with O-acylated 1423:1432 arg1 L-lysine 1439:1446 L-lysine 1439:1446 L-lysine 1439:1446 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 42 with O-acylated 1423:1432 arg1 poly 1455:1458 a poly 1453:1458 a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure 1453:1512 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 42 with O-acylated 1423:1432 arg1 1-phosphate 1471:1481 diglycosyl 1-phosphate 1460:1481 diglycosyl 1-phosphate 1460:1481 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 5 43 theme 1 → 8 709:713 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 44 theme n 729:729 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 12 45 gly O-glycosylated 1358:1371 arg1 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 45 gly O-glycosylated 1358:1371 arg1 phosphate 1337:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 9 46 theme Kdn-teichulosonic 986:1002 arg1 acid 1004:1007 a Kdn-teichulosonic acid 984:1007 a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8 984:1185 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 12 47 with O-glycosylated 1358:1371 arg1 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 1378:1414 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 1378:1414 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose 1378:1414 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 9 48 theme unsubstituted 907:919 arg1 phosphates 948:957 glycerol phosphates 939:957 glycerol phosphates 939:957 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 48 theme unsubstituted 907:919 arg1 1,3- 921:924 unsubstituted 1,3- 907:924 unsubstituted 1,3- 907:924 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 49 with acid 1004:1007 arg1 structure 1025:1033 an unusual structure 1014:1033 an unusual structure that has not been previously described 1014:1072 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 50 theme unusual 1017:1023 arg1 structure 1025:1033 an unusual structure 1014:1033 an unusual structure that has not been previously described 1014:1072 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 6 51 theme 'S 796:797 arg1 walls 787:791 The cell walls 778:791 The cell walls of 'S 778:797 The cell walls of 'S. 27055525 5 52 theme -teichulosonic 646:659 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 9 53 with polymer 975:981 arg1 structure 1025:1033 an unusual structure 1014:1033 an unusual structure that has not been previously described 1014:1072 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 12 54 dep 1,3-poly 1319:1326 arg1 1-P- 1549:1552 -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P- 1515:1552 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 2 55 theme spectroscopic 330:342 arg1 combination 298:308 a combination 296:308 a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods 296:350 The structures of the glycopolymers were established using a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 27055525 1 56 theme strain 183:188 arg1 glycopolymers 117:129 The cell wall glycopolymers 103:129 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 103:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 12 57 theme unknown 1496:1502 arg1 structure 1504:1512 hitherto unknown structure 1487:1512 hitherto unknown structure 1487:1512 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 8 58 theme identical 880:888 arg1 structures 890:899 identical structures 880:899 identical structures 880:899 albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. 27055525 4 59 theme VKM 392:394 arg1 T 402:402 T 402:402 T 402:402 albus VKM Ac-35(T) was found to be comprised of three glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 4 59 theme VKM 392:394 arg1 Ac-35 396:400 albus VKM Ac-35 386:400 albus VKM Ac-35(T) 386:403 albus VKM Ac-35(T) was found to be comprised of three glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 1 60 theme Streptomyces 193:204 arg1 pathocidini 206:216 Streptomyces pathocidini 193:216 Streptomyces pathocidini 193:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 5 61 theme unsubstituted 460:472 arg1 1,5-poly 474:481 unsubstituted 1,5-poly 460:481 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate) 460:500 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 61 theme unsubstituted 460:472 arg1 phosphate 491:499 ribitol phosphate 483:499 ribitol phosphate 483:499 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 5 62 theme -β-Kdnp- 750:757 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 2 63 dep chemical 313:320 arg1 methods 344:350 methods 344:350 methods 344:350 The structures of the glycopolymers were established using a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 27055525 2 64 theme glycopolymers 259:271 arg1 structures 241:250 The structures 237:250 The structures of the glycopolymers 237:271 The structures of the glycopolymers were established using a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods. 27055525 5 65 theme 1 → 8 744:748 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 12 66 theme diglycosyl 1460:1469 arg1 poly 1455:1458 a poly 1453:1458 a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure 1453:1512 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 66 theme diglycosyl 1460:1469 arg1 1-phosphate 1471:1481 diglycosyl 1-phosphate 1460:1481 diglycosyl 1-phosphate 1460:1481 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 3 67 theme cell 357:360 arg1 wall 362:365 The cell wall 353:365 The cell wall of S. albus 353:377 The cell wall of S. albus subsp. 27055525 11 68 theme VKM 1260:1262 arg1 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 11 68 theme VKM 1260:1262 arg1 Ac-598 1264:1269 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598 1246:1269 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) 1246:1272 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 0 69 theme pathocidini 90:100 arg1 glycopolymers 10:22 Cell wall glycopolymers 0:22 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 0:101 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 27055525 9 70 with 2,3-poly 930:937 arg1 structure 1025:1033 an unusual structure 1014:1033 an unusual structure that has not been previously described 1014:1072 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 1 71 theme albus 164:168 arg1 strain 183:188 the type strain 174:188 the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 174:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 1 71 theme albus 164:168 arg1 strains 140:146 three strains 134:146 three strains of Streptomyces albus 134:168 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 11 72 theme pathocidicus 1246:1257 arg1 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 T 1271:1271 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 11 72 theme pathocidicus 1246:1257 arg1 Ac-598 1264:1269 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598 1246:1269 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) 1246:1272 pathocidicus) VKM Ac-598(T) was found to contain two glycopolymers, viz. 27055525 8 73 contain contain 849:855 arg2 glycopolymers 863:875 three glycopolymers 857:875 three glycopolymers of identical structures 857:899 albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. 27055525 8 73 contain contain 849:855 arg2 viz 902:904 viz 902:904 viz 902:904 albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. 27055525 8 73 contain contain 849:855 arg1 R1-100 828:833 albus' R1-100 821:833 albus' R1-100 821:833 albus' R1-100 were found to contain three glycopolymers of identical structures, viz. 27055525 9 74 with 1,3- 921:924 arg1 structure 1025:1033 an unusual structure 1014:1033 an unusual structure that has not been previously described 1014:1072 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 5 75 theme major 576:580 arg1 polymer 582:588 the major polymer 572:588 the major polymer 572:588 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 3 76 theme albus 373:377 arg1 wall 362:365 The cell wall 353:365 The cell wall of S. albus 353:377 The cell wall of S. albus subsp. 27055525 0 77 theme wall 5:8 arg1 glycopolymers 10:22 Cell wall glycopolymers 0:22 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 0:101 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 27055525 12 78 theme O-acylated 1423:1432 arg1 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 78 theme O-acylated 1423:1432 arg1 phosphate 1337:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 5 79 theme -β-D-Glcp- 733:742 arg1 2-OH 759:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 -teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 646:762 unsubstituted 1,5-poly(ribitol phosphate), 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with β-D-glucopyranose, and the major polymer, a 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn)-teichulosonic acid: β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 8)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ≥ 3. 27055525 1 80 theme cell 107:110 arg1 glycopolymers 117:129 The cell wall glycopolymers 103:129 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini 103:216 The cell wall glycopolymers of three strains of Streptomyces albus and the type strain of Streptomyces pathocidini were investigated. 27055525 0 81 theme albus 40:44 arg1 glycopolymers 10:22 Cell wall glycopolymers 0:22 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 0:101 Cell wall glycopolymers of Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces albidoflavus and Streptomyces pathocidini. 27055525 12 82 theme O-glycosylated 1358:1371 arg1 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly 1319:1326 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 12 82 theme O-glycosylated 1358:1371 arg1 phosphate 1337:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 glycerol phosphate 1328:1345 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 9 83 theme -β-D-Galp- 1141:1150 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 12 84 theme -α-D-GlcpNAc- 1535:1547 arg1 1-P- 1549:1552 -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P- 1515:1552 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 27055525 9 85 theme 1 → 9 1152:1156 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 9 86 theme -β-Kdnp- 1158:1165 arg1 2-OH 1167:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH 1075:1170 unsubstituted 1,3- and 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphates), and the major polymer, a Kdn-teichulosonic acid with an unusual structure that has not been previously described: β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2[(→3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-α-Kdnp-(2 →] n 3)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 9)-β-Kdnp-(2-OH, where n ~ 7-8. 27055525 12 87 theme -α-D-Glcp- 1518:1527 arg1 1-P- 1549:1552 -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P- 1515:1552 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 1319:1553 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially O-glycosylated with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranose and/or O-acylated with L-lysine, and a poly(diglycosyl 1-phosphate) of hitherto unknown structure: -6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1-P-. 26339568 5 0 theme two-way 822:828 arg1 MLR 856:858 MLR 856:858 MLR 856:858 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 0 theme two-way 822:828 arg1 reaction 846:853 a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction 820:853 a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 820:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 1 theme A 716:716 arg1 effects 693:699 the effects 689:699 the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 689:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 9 2 from development 1492:1502 arg1 transplantation 1520:1534 transplantation 1520:1534 transplantation 1520:1534 We suggest that the changes in the glycosylation profile of leukocytes may promote the development of tolerance in transplantation. 26339568 1 3 theme processes 187:195 arg1 majority 144:151 the majority 140:151 the majority of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system 140:226 N-glycosylation plays an important role in the majority of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system. 26339568 6 4 theme remaining 1044:1052 arg1 leukocytes 1054:1063 the remaining leukocytes 1040:1063 the remaining leukocytes 1040:1063 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 5 5 theme mixed 830:834 arg1 MLR 856:858 MLR 856:858 MLR 856:858 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 5 theme mixed 830:834 arg1 reaction 846:853 a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction 820:853 a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 820:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 6 6 from leukocytes 1054:1063 arg1 increase 1008:1015 an increase 1005:1015 an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes 1005:1063 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 8 7 theme β1 1265:1266 arg1 expression 1251:1260 the expression 1247:1260 the expression of β1 and β3 integrins 1247:1283 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 2 8 theme immune-mediated 362:376 arg1 diseases 391:398 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 362:398 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 362:398 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 9 from common 333:338 arg1 development 347:357 the development 343:357 the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 343:398 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 5 10 from glycosylation 773:785 arg1 leukocytes 796:805 human leukocytes 790:805 human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 790:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 6 11 theme synergistic 963:973 arg1 action 975:980 the synergistic action 959:980 the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa 959:996 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 4 12 contain have 606:609 arg1 oligosaccharides 589:604 high-mannose oligosaccharides 576:604 high-mannose oligosaccharides 576:604 Some results show that high-mannose oligosaccharides have the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response. 26339568 4 12 contain have 606:609 arg2 ability 615:621 the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response 611:673 the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response 611:673 Some results show that high-mannose oligosaccharides have the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response. 26339568 4 13 theme immune 659:664 arg1 response 666:673 the immune response 655:673 the immune response 655:673 Some results show that high-mannose oligosaccharides have the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response. 26339568 5 14 theme human 790:794 arg1 leukocytes 796:805 human leukocytes 790:805 human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 790:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 2 15 theme differentiation 305:319 arg1 Alteration 229:238 Alteration 229:238 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans 229:275 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 15 theme differentiation 305:319 arg1 element 283:289 an element 280:289 an element of lymphocyte differentiation 280:319 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 16 theme inflammatory 378:389 arg1 diseases 391:398 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 362:398 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 362:398 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 3 17 theme immunosuppressive 528:544 arg1 drugs 546:550 immunosuppressive drugs 528:550 immunosuppressive drugs 528:550 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 8 18 gly N-glycosylation 1363:1377 arg1 surface 1396:1402 the leukocyte surface 1382:1402 the leukocyte surface 1382:1402 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 7 19 theme high-mannose/hybrid 1134:1152 arg1 structures 1154:1163 high-mannose/hybrid structures 1134:1163 high-mannose/hybrid structures 1134:1163 This is the first study indicating that β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures are affected by Rapa and CsA. 26339568 2 20 from development 347:357 arg1 common 333:338 common 333:338 common 333:338 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 21 theme lymphocyte 294:303 arg1 differentiation 305:319 lymphocyte differentiation 294:319 lymphocyte differentiation 294:319 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 3 22 theme environmental 460:472 arg1 agents 474:479 different environmental agents 450:479 different environmental agents 450:479 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 8 23 theme integrins 1275:1283 arg1 expression 1251:1260 the expression 1247:1260 the expression of β1 and β3 integrins 1247:1283 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 6 24 theme structures 1026:1035 arg1 increase 1008:1015 an increase 1005:1015 an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes 1005:1063 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 6 25 from structures 1026:1035 arg1 leukocytes 1054:1063 the remaining leukocytes 1040:1063 the remaining leukocytes 1040:1063 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 8 26 theme β3 1272:1273 arg1 integrins 1275:1283 β3 integrins 1272:1283 β3 integrins 1272:1283 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 0 27 from N-glycans 51:59 arg1 leukocytes 85:94 human allostimulated leukocytes 64:94 human allostimulated leukocytes 64:94 Immunosuppressive drugs affect high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans on human allostimulated leukocytes. 26339568 8 28 dep changed 1239:1245 arg1 increased 1324:1332 increased 1324:1332 increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface 1324:1402 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 1 29 theme immune 214:219 arg1 system 221:226 the immune system 210:226 the immune system 210:226 N-glycosylation plays an important role in the majority of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system. 26339568 0 30 theme Immunosuppressive 0:16 arg1 drugs 18:22 Immunosuppressive drugs 0:22 Immunosuppressive drugs 0:22 Immunosuppressive drugs affect high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans on human allostimulated leukocytes. 26339568 5 31 theme cyclosporin 704:714 arg1 CsA 719:721 CsA 719:721 CsA 719:721 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 31 theme cyclosporin 704:714 arg1 A 716:716 cyclosporin A 704:716 cyclosporin A (CsA) 704:722 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 8 32 from N-glycosylation 1363:1377 arg1 surface 1396:1402 the leukocyte surface 1382:1402 the leukocyte surface 1382:1402 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 1 33 theme important 122:130 arg1 role 132:135 an important role 119:135 an important role 119:135 N-glycosylation plays an important role in the majority of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system. 26339568 9 34 theme tolerance 1507:1515 arg1 development 1492:1502 the development 1488:1502 the development of tolerance in transplantation 1488:1534 We suggest that the changes in the glycosylation profile of leukocytes may promote the development of tolerance in transplantation. 26339568 0 35 theme high-mannose/hybrid 31:49 arg1 N-glycans 51:59 high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans 31:59 high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans on human allostimulated leukocytes 31:94 Immunosuppressive drugs affect high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans on human allostimulated leukocytes. 26339568 6 36 from increase 1008:1015 arg1 leukocytes 1054:1063 the remaining leukocytes 1040:1063 the remaining leukocytes 1040:1063 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 2 37 theme type 247:250 arg1 Alteration 229:238 Alteration 229:238 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans 229:275 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 37 theme type 247:250 arg1 element 283:289 an element 280:289 an element of lymphocyte differentiation 280:319 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 3 38 theme pharmacological 497:511 arg1 environment 513:523 the pharmacological environment 493:523 them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs 488:550 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 3 39 theme N-glycosylation 405:419 arg1 process 421:427 The N-glycosylation process 401:427 The N-glycosylation process 401:427 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 3 39 theme N-glycosylation 405:419 arg1 sensitive 437:445 sensitive 437:445 sensitive 437:445 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 4 40 theme different 635:643 arg1 stages 645:650 different stages 635:650 different stages of the immune response 635:673 Some results show that high-mannose oligosaccharides have the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response. 26339568 7 41 theme β3 1113:1114 arg1 integrins 1116:1124 β1 and β3 integrins 1106:1124 β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures 1106:1163 This is the first study indicating that β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures are affected by Rapa and CsA. 26339568 6 42 theme high-mannose/hybrid 924:942 arg1 N-glycans 944:952 high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans 924:952 high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans 924:952 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 2 43 dep type 247:250 arg1 the 243:245 the 243:245 the 243:245 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 5 44 theme leukocyte 836:844 arg1 MLR 856:858 MLR 856:858 MLR 856:858 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 44 theme leukocyte 836:844 arg1 reaction 846:853 a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction 820:853 a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 820:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 45 from effects 693:699 arg1 glycosylation 773:785 high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation 748:785 high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 748:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 5 46 theme high-mannose/hybrid-type 748:771 arg1 glycosylation 773:785 high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation 748:785 high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 748:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 8 47 theme protein 1308:1314 arg1 amount 1316:1321 the protein amount 1304:1321 the protein amount 1304:1321 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 3 48 theme different 450:458 arg1 agents 474:479 different environmental agents 450:479 different environmental agents 450:479 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 7 49 theme β1 1106:1107 arg1 integrins 1116:1124 β1 and β3 integrins 1106:1124 β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures 1106:1163 This is the first study indicating that β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures are affected by Rapa and CsA. 26339568 8 50 theme oligomannose/hybrid-type 1338:1361 arg1 N-glycosylation 1363:1377 the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation 1334:1377 the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface 1334:1402 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 2 51 theme abundance 256:264 arg1 Alteration 229:238 Alteration 229:238 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans 229:275 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 51 theme abundance 256:264 arg1 element 283:289 an element 280:289 an element of lymphocyte differentiation 280:319 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 0 52 theme allostimulated 70:83 arg1 leukocytes 85:94 human allostimulated leukocytes 64:94 human allostimulated leukocytes 64:94 Immunosuppressive drugs affect high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans on human allostimulated leukocytes. 26339568 4 53 theme high-mannose 576:587 arg1 oligosaccharides 589:604 high-mannose oligosaccharides 576:604 high-mannose oligosaccharides 576:604 Some results show that high-mannose oligosaccharides have the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response. 26339568 6 54 theme leukocytes 902:911 arg1 number 892:897 the number 888:897 the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans 888:952 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 9 55 from changes 1425:1431 arg1 profile 1454:1460 the glycosylation profile 1436:1460 the glycosylation profile of leukocytes 1436:1474 We suggest that the changes in the glycosylation profile of leukocytes may promote the development of tolerance in transplantation. 26339568 3 56 theme drugs 546:550 arg1 environment 513:523 the pharmacological environment 493:523 them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs 488:550 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 0 57 theme human 64:68 arg1 leukocytes 85:94 human allostimulated leukocytes 64:94 human allostimulated leukocytes 64:94 Immunosuppressive drugs affect high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans on human allostimulated leukocytes. 26339568 6 58 theme Rapa 993:996 arg1 action 975:980 the synergistic action 959:980 the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa 959:996 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 5 59 theme rapamycin 728:736 arg1 effects 693:699 the effects 689:699 the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 689:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 1 60 theme pathological 174:185 arg1 processes 187:195 physiological and pathological processes 156:195 physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system 156:226 N-glycosylation plays an important role in the majority of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system. 26339568 3 61 dep them 488:491 arg1 environment 513:523 the pharmacological environment 493:523 them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs 488:550 The N-glycosylation process is very sensitive to different environmental agents, among them the pharmacological environment of immunosuppressive drugs. 26339568 5 62 gly glycosylation 773:785 arg1 leukocytes 796:805 human leukocytes 790:805 human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) 790:859 We evaluated the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and rapamycin (Rapa) on high-mannose/hybrid-type glycosylation in human leukocytes activated in a two-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). 26339568 7 63 theme first 1078:1082 arg1 study 1084:1088 the first study 1074:1088 the first study indicating that β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures are affected by Rapa and CsA 1074:1192 This is the first study indicating that β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures are affected by Rapa and CsA. 26339568 7 63 theme first 1078:1082 arg1 This 1066:1069 This 1066:1069 This 1066:1069 This is the first study indicating that β1 and β3 integrins bearing high-mannose/hybrid structures are affected by Rapa and CsA. 26339568 9 64 theme leukocytes 1465:1474 arg1 profile 1454:1460 the glycosylation profile 1436:1460 the glycosylation profile of leukocytes 1436:1474 We suggest that the changes in the glycosylation profile of leukocytes may promote the development of tolerance in transplantation. 26339568 1 65 theme physiological 156:168 arg1 processes 187:195 physiological and pathological processes 156:195 physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system 156:226 N-glycosylation plays an important role in the majority of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the immune system. 26339568 8 66 theme leukocyte 1386:1394 arg1 surface 1396:1402 the leukocyte surface 1382:1402 the leukocyte surface 1382:1402 Rapa taken separately and together with CsA changed the expression of β1 and β3 integrins and, by regulating the protein amount, increased the oligomannose/hybrid-type N-glycosylation on the leukocyte surface. 26339568 4 67 theme response 666:673 arg1 stages 645:650 different stages 635:650 different stages of the immune response 635:673 Some results show that high-mannose oligosaccharides have the ability to suppress different stages of the immune response. 26339568 9 68 theme glycosylation 1440:1452 arg1 profile 1454:1460 the glycosylation profile 1436:1460 the glycosylation profile of leukocytes 1436:1474 We suggest that the changes in the glycosylation profile of leukocytes may promote the development of tolerance in transplantation. 26339568 6 69 theme CsA 985:987 arg1 action 975:980 the synergistic action 959:980 the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa 959:996 CsA significantly reduced the number of leukocytes covered by high-mannose/hybrid N-glycans, and the synergistic action of CsA and Rapa led to an increase of these structures on the remaining leukocytes. 26339568 2 70 theme glycans 269:275 arg1 abundance 256:264 abundance 256:264 abundance 256:264 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 70 theme glycans 269:275 arg1 type 247:250 type 247:250 type 247:250 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 2 71 theme diseases 391:398 arg1 development 347:357 the development 343:357 the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 343:398 Alteration of the type and abundance of glycans is an element of lymphocyte differentiation; it is also common in the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. 26339568 9 72 gly glycosylation 1440:1452 arg1 leukocytes 1465:1474 leukocytes 1465:1474 leukocytes 1465:1474 We suggest that the changes in the glycosylation profile of leukocytes may promote the development of tolerance in transplantation. 26689158 7 0 attach derived 1014:1020 arg1 termini 1033:1039 chain termini 1027:1039 chain termini 1027:1039 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 7 0 attach derived 1014:1020 arg2 disaccharides 1000:1012 two disaccharides 996:1012 two disaccharides derived from chain termini 996:1039 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 9 1 theme enoxaparin 1315:1324 arg1 batches 1294:1300 two batches 1290:1300 two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin 1290:1324 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 9 1 theme enoxaparin 1315:1324 arg1 batches 1335:1341 two batches 1331:1341 two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, 1331:1366 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 9 1 theme enoxaparin 1315:1324 arg1 compositions 1263:1274 The disaccharide compositions 1246:1274 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin 1246:1287 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 4 2 theme Hydrophilic 577:587 arg1 chromatography 601:614 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography 577:614 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) 577:685 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 10 3 theme starting 1649:1656 arg1 materials 1658:1666 different starting materials 1639:1666 different starting materials 1639:1666 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 10 4 theme heparin 1577:1583 arg1 products 1585:1592 these heparin products 1571:1592 these heparin products 1571:1592 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 1 5 theme low 192:194 arg1 heparin 213:219 low molecular weight heparin 192:219 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 192:226 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 5 theme low 192:194 arg1 Heparin 180:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 5 theme low 192:194 arg1 anticoagulants 256:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 5 theme low 192:194 arg1 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 8 6 theme digestion 1185:1193 arg1 products 1195:1202 these digestion products 1179:1202 these digestion products 1179:1202 Structures of these digestion products were confirmed by mass spectral analysis. 26689158 0 7 theme low 118:120 arg1 heparin 139:145 low molecular weight heparin 118:145 low molecular weight heparin 118:145 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 7 8 theme linkage 1110:1116 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1125:1140 three linkage region tetrasaccharides 1104:1140 three linkage region tetrasaccharides 1104:1140 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 2 9 theme structural 315:324 arg1 heterogeneity 326:338 structural heterogeneity 315:338 structural heterogeneity 315:338 The determination of their composition and structural heterogeneity still challenges analysts. 26689158 3 10 theme heparinase-catalyzed 422:441 arg1 depolymerization 443:458 heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization 422:458 heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization 422:458 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 8 11 theme products 1195:1202 arg1 Structures 1165:1174 Structures 1165:1174 Structures of these digestion products 1165:1202 Structures of these digestion products were confirmed by mass spectral analysis. 26689158 6 12 theme Digestion 819:827 arg1 products 829:836 Digestion products 819:836 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs 819:857 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs afforded up to 16 compounds that were separated using HILIC and analyzed semi-quantitatively. 26689158 10 13 theme identifying 1398:1408 arg1 disaccharides 1410:1422 identifying disaccharides 1398:1422 identifying disaccharides 1398:1422 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 10 13 theme identifying 1398:1408 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1452:1467 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides 1425:1467 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides 1425:1467 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 10 13 theme identifying 1398:1408 arg1 region 1478:1483 linkage region 1470:1483 linkage region 1470:1483 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 0 14 theme weight 132:137 arg1 heparin 139:145 low molecular weight heparin 118:145 low molecular weight heparin 118:145 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 7 15 theme common 974:979 arg1 disaccharides 981:993 eight common disaccharides 968:993 eight common disaccharides 968:993 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 10 16 theme 3-O-sulfo-group-containing 1425:1450 arg1 disaccharides 1410:1422 identifying disaccharides 1398:1422 identifying disaccharides 1398:1422 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 10 16 theme 3-O-sulfo-group-containing 1425:1450 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1452:1467 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides 1425:1467 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides 1425:1467 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 6 17 theme LMWHs 853:857 arg1 products 829:836 Digestion products 819:836 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs 819:857 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs afforded up to 16 compounds that were separated using HILIC and analyzed semi-quantitatively. 26689158 2 18 theme composition 299:309 arg1 determination 276:288 The determination 272:288 The determination of their composition and structural heterogeneity 272:338 The determination of their composition and structural heterogeneity still challenges analysts. 26689158 6 19 dep 16 874:875 arg1 to 871:872 to 871:872 to 871:872 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs afforded up to 16 compounds that were separated using HILIC and analyzed semi-quantitatively. 26689158 1 20 theme molecular 196:204 arg1 heparin 213:219 low molecular weight heparin 192:219 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 192:226 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 20 theme molecular 196:204 arg1 Heparin 180:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 20 theme molecular 196:204 arg1 anticoagulants 256:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 20 theme molecular 196:204 arg1 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 0 21 theme molecular 122:130 arg1 heparin 139:145 low molecular weight heparin 118:145 low molecular weight heparin 118:145 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 10 22 theme production 1671:1680 arg1 processes 1682:1690 production processes 1671:1690 production processes 1671:1690 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 1 23 theme weight 206:211 arg1 heparin 213:219 low molecular weight heparin 192:219 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 192:226 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 23 theme weight 206:211 arg1 Heparin 180:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 23 theme weight 206:211 arg1 anticoagulants 256:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 23 theme weight 206:211 arg1 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 10 24 theme different 1639:1647 arg1 materials 1658:1666 different starting materials 1639:1666 different starting materials 1639:1666 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 8 25 theme spectral 1227:1234 arg1 analysis 1236:1243 mass spectral analysis 1222:1243 mass spectral analysis 1222:1243 Structures of these digestion products were confirmed by mass spectral analysis. 26689158 11 26 theme different 1782:1790 arg1 products 1800:1807 different heparin products 1782:1807 different heparin products 1782:1807 CONCLUSIONS Thus, compositional analysis using HILIC/QTOFMS offers a unique insight into different heparin products. 26689158 0 27 dep heparin 106:112 arg1 analysis 160:167 disaccharide analysis 147:167 disaccharide analysis 147:167 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 9 28 theme disaccharide 1250:1261 arg1 compositions 1263:1274 The disaccharide compositions 1246:1274 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin 1246:1287 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 3 29 theme ways 490:493 arg1 ways 490:493 the most important ways 471:493 the most important ways 471:493 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 3 29 theme ways 490:493 arg1 one 464:466 one 464:466 one 464:466 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 4 30 theme time-of-flight 639:652 arg1 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 4 30 theme time-of-flight 639:652 arg1 spectrometry 659:670 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 629:670 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) 629:685 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 8 31 theme mass 1222:1225 arg1 analysis 1236:1243 mass spectral analysis 1222:1243 mass spectral analysis 1222:1243 Structures of these digestion products were confirmed by mass spectral analysis. 26689158 9 32 theme LMWH 1350:1353 arg1 batches 1294:1300 two batches 1290:1300 two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin 1290:1324 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 9 32 theme LMWH 1350:1353 arg1 batches 1335:1341 two batches 1331:1341 two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, 1331:1366 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 9 32 theme LMWH 1350:1353 arg1 compositions 1263:1274 The disaccharide compositions 1246:1274 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin 1246:1287 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 11 33 theme unique 1762:1767 arg1 insight 1769:1775 a unique insight 1760:1775 a unique insight into different heparin products 1760:1807 CONCLUSIONS Thus, compositional analysis using HILIC/QTOFMS offers a unique insight into different heparin products. 26689158 9 34 theme LMWH 1309:1312 arg1 enoxaparin 1315:1324 the LMWH, enoxaparin 1305:1324 enoxaparin 1315:1324 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 0 35 theme interaction 27:37 arg1 chromatography 39:52 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 15:52 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 15:52 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 4 36 theme quadruple 629:637 arg1 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 4 36 theme quadruple 629:637 arg1 spectrometry 659:670 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 629:670 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) 629:685 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 0 37 theme disaccharide 147:158 arg1 analysis 160:167 disaccharide analysis 147:167 disaccharide analysis 147:167 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 7 38 theme 3-O-sulfo-group-containing 1048:1073 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1075:1090 three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides 1042:1090 three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides 1042:1090 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 10 39 theme linkage 1470:1476 arg1 disaccharides 1410:1422 identifying disaccharides 1398:1422 identifying disaccharides 1398:1422 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 10 39 theme linkage 1470:1476 arg1 region 1478:1483 linkage region 1470:1483 linkage region 1470:1483 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 3 40 theme structural 521:530 arg1 composition 532:542 structural composition 521:542 structural composition 521:542 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 0 41 theme hydrophilic 15:25 arg1 chromatography 39:52 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 15:52 hydrophilic interaction chromatography 15:52 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 3 42 dep METHODS 367:373 arg1 analysis 402:409 Disaccharide compositional analysis 375:409 Disaccharide compositional analysis 375:409 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 2 43 theme heterogeneity 326:338 arg1 determination 276:288 The determination 272:288 The determination of their composition and structural heterogeneity 272:338 The determination of their composition and structural heterogeneity still challenges analysts. 26689158 4 44 theme mass 654:657 arg1 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 HILIC/QTOFMS 673:684 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 4 44 theme mass 654:657 arg1 spectrometry 659:670 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 629:670 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) 629:685 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 9 45 theme heparin 1281:1287 arg1 batches 1294:1300 two batches 1290:1300 two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin 1290:1324 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 9 45 theme heparin 1281:1287 arg1 batches 1335:1341 two batches 1331:1341 two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, 1331:1366 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 9 45 theme heparin 1281:1287 arg1 compositions 1263:1274 The disaccharide compositions 1246:1274 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin 1246:1287 The disaccharide compositions of a heparin, two batches of the LMWH, enoxaparin, and two batches of the LMWH, nadroparin, were compared. 26689158 0 46 theme chromatography 39:52 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 0:168 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 10 47 located observed 1507:1514 arg2 tetrasaccharides 1485:1500 tetrasaccharides 1485:1500 tetrasaccharides 1485:1500 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 10 47 located observed 1507:1514 arg1 products 1585:1592 these heparin products 1571:1592 these heparin products 1571:1592 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 3 48 theme important 480:488 arg1 ways 490:493 the most important ways 471:493 the most important ways 471:493 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 4 49 theme digestion 731:739 arg1 products 741:748 the resulting digestion products 717:748 the resulting digestion products 717:748 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 0 50 theme time-of-flight 69:82 arg1 spectrometry 89:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 59:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis 59:167 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 4 51 theme interaction 589:599 arg1 chromatography 601:614 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography 577:614 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) 577:685 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 5 52 theme good 771:774 arg1 resolution 776:785 good resolution 771:785 good resolution 771:785 RESULTS HILIC shows good resolution and excellent MS compatibility. 26689158 3 53 theme compositional 388:400 arg1 analysis 402:409 Disaccharide compositional analysis 375:409 Disaccharide compositional analysis 375:409 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 0 54 theme quadruple 59:67 arg1 spectrometry 89:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 59:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis 59:167 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 5 55 theme MS 801:802 arg1 compatibility 804:816 excellent MS compatibility 791:816 excellent MS compatibility 791:816 RESULTS HILIC shows good resolution and excellent MS compatibility. 26689158 3 56 theme LMWH 571:574 arg1 quality 548:554 quality 548:554 quality 548:554 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 3 56 theme LMWH 571:574 arg1 sequence 511:518 the sequence 507:518 the sequence 507:518 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 3 56 theme LMWH 571:574 arg1 composition 532:542 structural composition 521:542 structural composition 521:542 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 3 57 theme heparin 559:565 arg1 quality 548:554 quality 548:554 quality 548:554 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 3 57 theme heparin 559:565 arg1 sequence 511:518 the sequence 507:518 the sequence 507:518 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 3 57 theme heparin 559:565 arg1 composition 532:542 structural composition 521:542 structural composition 521:542 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 7 58 dep along 1093:1097 arg1 with 1099:1102 with 1099:1102 with 1099:1102 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 0 59 with Development 0:10 arg1 spectrometry 89:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 59:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis 59:167 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 11 60 theme heparin 1792:1798 arg1 products 1800:1807 different heparin products 1782:1807 different heparin products 1782:1807 CONCLUSIONS Thus, compositional analysis using HILIC/QTOFMS offers a unique insight into different heparin products. 26689158 10 61 theme different 1532:1540 arg1 compositions 1542:1553 slightly different compositions 1523:1553 slightly different compositions 1523:1553 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 5 62 theme excellent 791:799 arg1 compatibility 804:816 excellent MS compatibility 791:816 excellent MS compatibility 791:816 RESULTS HILIC shows good resolution and excellent MS compatibility. 26689158 6 63 theme heparin 841:847 arg1 products 829:836 Digestion products 819:836 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs 819:857 Digestion products of heparin and LMWHs afforded up to 16 compounds that were separated using HILIC and analyzed semi-quantitatively. 26689158 10 64 dep disaccharides 1410:1422 arg1 addition 1386:1393 addition 1386:1393 addition 1386:1393 In addition to identifying disaccharides, 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, linkage region tetrasaccharides were observed having slightly different compositions and contents in these heparin products suggesting that they had been prepared using different starting materials or production processes. 26689158 11 65 dep CONCLUSIONS 1693:1703 arg1 offers 1753:1758 offers 1753:1758 offers a unique insight into different heparin products 1753:1807 CONCLUSIONS Thus, compositional analysis using HILIC/QTOFMS offers a unique insight into different heparin products. 26689158 3 66 theme Disaccharide 375:386 arg1 analysis 402:409 Disaccharide compositional analysis 375:409 Disaccharide compositional analysis 375:409 METHODS Disaccharide compositional analysis, utilizing heparinase-catalyzed depolymerization, is one of the most important ways to evaluate the sequence, structural composition and quality of heparin and LMWH. 26689158 1 67 used used 239:242 arg2 Heparin 180:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 67 used used 239:242 arg2 anticoagulants 256:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 67 used used 239:242 arg2 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 LMWH 222:225 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 67 used used 239:242 arg2 heparin 213:219 low molecular weight heparin 192:219 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 192:226 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 4 68 theme resulting 721:729 arg1 products 741:748 the resulting digestion products 717:748 the resulting digestion products 717:748 Hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/QTOFMS) has been developed to analyze the resulting digestion products. 26689158 1 69 theme RATIONALE 170:178 arg1 heparin 213:219 low molecular weight heparin 192:219 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 192:226 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 69 theme RATIONALE 170:178 arg1 Heparin 180:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 69 theme RATIONALE 170:178 arg1 anticoagulants 256:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 7 70 theme chain 1027:1031 arg1 termini 1033:1039 chain termini 1027:1039 chain termini 1027:1039 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 1 71 theme clinical 247:254 arg1 heparin 213:219 low molecular weight heparin 192:219 low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 192:226 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 71 theme clinical 247:254 arg1 Heparin 180:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin 170:186 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 1 71 theme clinical 247:254 arg1 anticoagulants 256:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 clinical anticoagulants 247:269 RATIONALE Heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are widely used as clinical anticoagulants. 26689158 0 72 theme mass 84:87 arg1 spectrometry 89:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry 59:100 quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis 59:167 Development of hydrophilic interaction chromatography with quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry for heparin and low molecular weight heparin disaccharide analysis. 26689158 7 73 theme region 1118:1123 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1125:1140 three linkage region tetrasaccharides 1104:1140 three linkage region tetrasaccharides 1104:1140 These included eight common disaccharides, two disaccharides derived from chain termini, three 3-O-sulfo-group-containing tetrasaccharides, along with three linkage region tetrasaccharides and their derivatives. 26689158 11 74 theme compositional 1711:1723 arg1 analysis 1725:1732 compositional analysis 1711:1732 compositional analysis using HILIC/QTOFMS 1711:1751 CONCLUSIONS Thus, compositional analysis using HILIC/QTOFMS offers a unique insight into different heparin products. 26671321 0 0 theme Trichomonas 92:102 arg1 vaginalis 104:112 Trichomonas vaginalis 92:112 Trichomonas vaginalis 92:112 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 1 1 theme genitourinary 257:269 arg1 parasite 271:278 this common genitourinary parasite 245:278 this common genitourinary parasite 245:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 5 2 theme chains 714:719 arg1 end 695:697 the non-reducing end 678:697 the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains 678:719 The β-anomer was found exclusively at the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains. 26671321 1 3 theme parasite 271:278 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 3 theme parasite 271:278 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 6 4 theme acid 903:906 arg1 residue 915:921 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 5 theme α-glucuronic 890:901 arg1 GlcA 909:912 GlcA 909:912 GlcA 909:912 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 5 theme α-glucuronic 890:901 arg1 acid 903:906 4-linked α-glucuronic acid 881:906 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 6 from end 862:864 arg1 residue 838:844 the inositol residue 825:844 the inositol residue at the reducing end 825:864 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 7 theme 4-linked 881:888 arg1 GlcA 909:912 GlcA 909:912 GlcA 909:912 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 7 theme 4-linked 881:888 arg1 acid 903:906 4-linked α-glucuronic acid 881:906 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 2 8 theme carbohydrate 291:302 arg1 composition 304:314 its carbohydrate composition 287:314 its carbohydrate composition 287:314 While its carbohydrate composition has been reported before, its structure has remained largely unknown. 26671321 3 9 theme acid 439:442 arg1 deamination 444:454 nitrous acid deamination 431:454 nitrous acid deamination 431:454 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 1 10 theme lipophosphoglycan 172:188 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 10 theme lipophosphoglycan 172:188 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 10 theme lipophosphoglycan 172:188 arg1 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 3 11 theme CPI-GC 421:426 arg1 portions 409:416 the glycan portions 398:416 the glycan portions of CPI-GC 398:426 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 4 12 theme galactose 596:604 arg1 constituent 617:627 a major constituent 609:627 a major constituent of CPI-GC 609:637 We found that the α-anomer of galactose is a major constituent of CPI-GC. 26671321 4 12 theme galactose 596:604 arg1 α-anomer 584:591 the α-anomer 580:591 the α-anomer of galactose 580:604 We found that the α-anomer of galactose is a major constituent of CPI-GC. 26671321 3 13 theme hydrofluoric 460:471 arg1 acid 473:476 hydrofluoric acid 460:476 hydrofluoric acid treatment 460:486 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 0 14 theme structural 6:15 arg1 features 17:24 Novel structural features 0:24 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis 0:112 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 1 15 theme Trichomonas 193:203 arg1 vaginalis 205:213 Trichomonas vaginalis 193:213 Trichomonas vaginalis 193:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 0 16 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 features 17:24 Novel structural features 0:24 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis 0:112 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 6 17 theme inositol 829:836 arg1 residue 838:844 the inositol residue 825:844 the inositol residue at the reducing end 825:864 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 1 18 theme vaginalis 205:213 arg1 lipophosphoglycan 172:188 the lipophosphoglycan 168:188 the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 168:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 5 19 theme side 709:712 arg1 chains 714:719 CPI-GC side chains 702:719 CPI-GC side chains 702:719 The β-anomer was found exclusively at the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains. 26671321 3 20 theme 2-D 557:559 arg1 NMR 561:563 1- and 2-D NMR 550:563 1- and 2-D NMR 550:563 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 1 21 theme ceramide 119:126 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 21 theme ceramide 119:126 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 21 theme ceramide 119:126 arg1 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 0 22 theme immunocompetent 33:47 arg1 core 82:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 3 23 theme methylation 525:535 arg1 analysis 537:544 methylation analysis 525:544 methylation analysis 525:544 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 3 24 theme acid 473:476 arg1 treatment 478:486 hydrofluoric acid treatment 460:486 hydrofluoric acid treatment 460:486 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 1 25 theme major 220:224 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 25 theme major 220:224 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 3 26 theme nitrous 431:437 arg1 deamination 444:454 nitrous acid deamination 431:454 nitrous acid deamination 431:454 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 7 27 theme GPI-anchor 987:996 arg1 molecule 1003:1010 this GPI-anchor type molecule 982:1010 this GPI-anchor type molecule 982:1010 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 1 28 theme virulent 226:233 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 28 theme virulent 226:233 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 0 29 theme phospho-inositol 58:73 arg1 core 82:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 5 30 theme non-reducing 682:693 arg1 end 695:697 the non-reducing end 678:697 the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains 678:719 The β-anomer was found exclusively at the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains. 26671321 6 31 theme reducing 853:860 arg1 end 862:864 the reducing end 849:864 the reducing end 849:864 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 7 32 theme type 998:1001 arg1 molecule 1003:1010 this GPI-anchor type molecule 982:1010 this GPI-anchor type molecule 982:1010 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 1 33 theme phosphoinositol 128:142 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 33 theme phosphoinositol 128:142 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 33 theme phosphoinositol 128:142 arg1 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 0 34 theme ceramide 49:56 arg1 core 82:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 6 35 link 4-linked 881:888 arg1 GlcA 909:912 GlcA 909:912 GlcA 909:912 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 35 link 4-linked 881:888 arg1 acid 903:906 4-linked α-glucuronic acid 881:906 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 36 theme rhamnan 759:765 arg1 backbone 767:774 the rhamnan backbone 755:774 the rhamnan backbone 755:774 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 36 theme rhamnan 759:765 arg1 complex 784:790 complex 784:790 complex 784:790 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 1 37 theme glycan 144:149 arg1 core 151:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core 115:154 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis 115:213 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 37 theme glycan 144:149 arg1 factor 235:240 a major virulent factor 218:240 a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite 218:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 1 37 theme glycan 144:149 arg1 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 CPI-GC 157:162 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 26671321 7 38 theme molecule 1003:1010 arg1 This 924:927 This 924:927 This 924:927 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 7 38 theme molecule 1003:1010 arg1 feature 971:977 the most striking and novel feature 943:977 the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule 943:1010 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 5 39 located found 657:661 arg1 end 695:697 the non-reducing end 678:697 the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains 678:719 The β-anomer was found exclusively at the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains. 26671321 5 39 located found 657:661 arg2 β-anomer 644:651 The β-anomer 640:651 The β-anomer 640:651 The β-anomer was found exclusively at the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains. 26671321 5 40 theme CPI-GC 702:707 arg1 chains 714:719 CPI-GC side chains 702:719 CPI-GC side chains 702:719 The β-anomer was found exclusively at the non-reducing end of CPI-GC side chains. 26671321 7 41 theme novel 965:969 arg1 This 924:927 This 924:927 This 924:927 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 7 41 theme novel 965:969 arg1 feature 971:977 the most striking and novel feature 943:977 the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule 943:1010 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 6 42 attach linked 869:874 arg1 residue 915:921 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue 879:921 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 6 42 attach linked 869:874 arg2 residue 838:844 the inositol residue 825:844 the inositol residue at the reducing end 825:864 Furthermore the data showed that the rhamnan backbone is more complex than previously thought and that the inositol residue at the reducing end is linked to a 4-linked α-glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue. 26671321 4 43 theme major 611:615 arg1 constituent 617:627 a major constituent 609:627 a major constituent of CPI-GC 609:637 We found that the α-anomer of galactose is a major constituent of CPI-GC. 26671321 4 43 theme major 611:615 arg1 α-anomer 584:591 the α-anomer 580:591 the α-anomer of galactose 580:604 We found that the α-anomer of galactose is a major constituent of CPI-GC. 26671321 0 44 theme core 82:85 arg1 features 17:24 Novel structural features 0:24 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis 0:112 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 0 45 from vaginalis 104:112 arg1 features 17:24 Novel structural features 0:24 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis 0:112 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 3 46 theme 1- 550:551 arg1 NMR 561:563 1- and 2-D NMR 550:563 1- and 2-D NMR 550:563 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 4 47 theme CPI-GC 632:637 arg1 constituent 617:627 a major constituent 609:627 a major constituent of CPI-GC 609:637 We found that the α-anomer of galactose is a major constituent of CPI-GC. 26671321 4 47 theme CPI-GC 632:637 arg1 α-anomer 584:591 the α-anomer 580:591 the α-anomer of galactose 580:604 We found that the α-anomer of galactose is a major constituent of CPI-GC. 26671321 0 48 theme glycan 75:80 arg1 core 82:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core 29:85 Novel structural features of the immunocompetent ceramide phospho-inositol glycan core from Trichomonas vaginalis. 26671321 7 49 theme striking 952:959 arg1 This 924:927 This 924:927 This 924:927 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 7 49 theme striking 952:959 arg1 feature 971:977 the most striking and novel feature 943:977 the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule 943:1010 This appears to be the most striking and novel feature of this GPI-anchor type molecule. 26671321 3 50 theme glycan 402:407 arg1 portions 409:416 the glycan portions 398:416 the glycan portions of CPI-GC 398:426 We isolated the glycan portions of CPI-GC by nitrous acid deamination and hydrofluoric acid treatment and investigated their structures by methylation analysis and 1- and 2-D NMR. 26671321 1 51 theme common 250:255 arg1 parasite 271:278 this common genitourinary parasite 245:278 this common genitourinary parasite 245:278 The ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the lipophosphoglycan of Trichomonas vaginalis is a major virulent factor of this common genitourinary parasite. 24618259 0 0 theme Nicotiana 115:123 arg1 benthamiana 125:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 4 1 theme recombinant 564:574 arg1 BChE 576:579 recombinant BChE 564:579 recombinant BChE (rBChE) 564:587 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 4 1 theme recombinant 564:574 arg1 rBChE 582:586 rBChE 582:586 rBChE 582:586 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 5 2 theme in 820:821 arg1 sialylation 838:848 in planta protein sialylation 820:848 in planta protein sialylation 820:848 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 5 3 contain carrying 777:784 arg2 genes 800:804 six mammalian genes 786:804 six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation 786:848 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 5 3 contain carrying 777:784 arg1 vector 769:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 4 4 theme monomers 646:653 arg1 accumulation 625:636 accumulation 625:636 accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers 625:684 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 5 5 theme planta 823:828 arg1 sialylation 838:848 in planta protein sialylation 820:848 in planta protein sialylation 820:848 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 5 6 theme protein 830:836 arg1 sialylation 838:848 in planta protein sialylation 820:848 in planta protein sialylation 820:848 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 7 7 theme oligomannosidic 1164:1178 arg1 structures 1180:1189 ER-typical oligomannosidic structures 1153:1189 ER-typical oligomannosidic structures 1153:1189 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 8 8 link endoplasmic-reticulum-derived 1372:1400 arg1 compartments 1402:1413 endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1372:1413 endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1372:1413 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 9 9 from plants 1593:1598 arg1 targeting 1561:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting 1534:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants 1534:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 9 10 theme unexpected 1538:1547 arg1 targeting 1561:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting 1534:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants 1534:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 8 11 theme N-glycan 1271:1278 arg1 processing 1280:1289 impaired N-glycan processing 1262:1289 impaired N-glycan processing 1262:1289 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 6 12 theme rBChE 965:969 arg1 profile 944:950 The N-glycosylation profile 924:950 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast 924:994 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma-derived orthologue. 24618259 3 13 dep sialylated 445:454 arg1 tetrameric 457:466 tetrameric 457:466 tetrameric 457:466 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 9 14 theme subcellular 1549:1559 arg1 targeting 1561:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting 1534:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants 1534:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 5 15 theme mammalian 790:798 arg1 genes 800:804 six mammalian genes 786:804 six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation 786:848 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 0 16 from glycosylation 61:73 arg1 benthamiana 125:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 3 17 gly sialylated 445:454 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 404:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase 398:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) 398:431 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 3 17 gly sialylated 445:454 arg1 protein 474:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 2 18 theme similar 323:329 arg1 folding 331:337 similar folding 323:337 similar folding 323:337 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 8 19 theme endoplasmic-reticulum-derived 1372:1400 arg1 compartments 1402:1413 endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1372:1413 endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1372:1413 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 1 20 theme biopharmaceutically 194:212 arg1 proteins 226:233 biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 194:233 biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 194:233 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 9 21 theme rBChE 1452:1456 arg1 multimers 1458:1466 rBChE multimers 1452:1466 rBChE multimers 1452:1466 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 4 22 from Expression 550:559 arg1 benthamiana 602:612 Nicotiana benthamiana 592:612 Nicotiana benthamiana 592:612 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 6 23 link plasma-derived 1018:1031 arg1 orthologue 1033:1042 the plasma-derived orthologue 1014:1042 the plasma-derived orthologue 1014:1042 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma-derived orthologue. 24618259 3 24 theme sialylated 445:454 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 404:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase 398:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) 398:431 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 3 24 theme sialylated 445:454 arg1 protein 474:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 8 25 theme Biochemical 1192:1202 arg1 analyses 1204:1211 Biochemical analyses 1192:1211 Biochemical analyses 1192:1211 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 1 26 theme interesting 214:224 arg1 proteins 226:233 biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 194:233 biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 194:233 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 8 27 theme aberrant 1301:1308 arg1 deposition 1310:1319 aberrant deposition 1301:1319 aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1301:1413 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 0 28 from deposition 46:55 arg1 benthamiana 125:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 5 29 gly sialylated 902:911 arg1 N-glycans 913:921 sialylated N-glycans 902:921 sialylated N-glycans 902:921 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 5 30 theme necessary 806:814 arg1 genes 800:804 six mammalian genes 786:804 six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation 786:848 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 6 31 theme monomeric 955:963 arg1 rBChE 965:969 monomeric rBChE 955:969 monomeric rBChE 955:969 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma-derived orthologue. 24618259 1 32 theme proteins 226:233 arg1 expression 180:189 the expression 176:189 the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 176:233 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 0 33 theme Oligomerization 0:14 arg1 status 16:21 Oligomerization status 0:21 Oligomerization status 0:21 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 9 34 dep show 1431:1434 arg1 points 1483:1488 points 1483:1488 points 1483:1488 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 7 35 theme structures 1180:1189 arg1 portion 1142:1148 a significant portion 1128:1148 a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures 1128:1189 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 2 36 theme posttranslational 353:369 arg1 modifications 371:383 posttranslational modifications 353:383 posttranslational modifications 353:383 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 8 37 theme impaired 1262:1269 arg1 processing 1280:1289 impaired N-glycan processing 1262:1289 impaired N-glycan processing 1262:1289 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 9 38 theme BChE 1585:1588 arg1 targeting 1561:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting 1534:1569 the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants 1534:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 0 39 theme subcellular 34:44 arg1 deposition 46:55 subcellular deposition 34:55 subcellular deposition 34:55 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 0 40 gly glycosylation 61:73 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 90:110 recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 78:110 recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 78:110 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 0 40 gly glycosylation 61:73 arg1 benthamiana 125:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Nicotiana benthamiana 115:135 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 5 41 theme novel 749:753 arg1 vector 769:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 8 42 theme oligomers 1330:1338 arg1 deposition 1310:1319 aberrant deposition 1301:1319 aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1301:1413 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 6 43 gly N-glycosylation 928:942 arg1 rBChE 965:969 monomeric rBChE 955:969 monomeric rBChE 955:969 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma-derived orthologue. 24618259 3 44 theme organophosphorous 518:534 arg1 agents 542:547 organophosphorous nerve agents 518:547 organophosphorous nerve agents 518:547 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 9 45 from BChE 1585:1588 arg1 plants 1593:1598 plants 1593:1598 plants 1593:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 5 46 theme gene-stacking 755:767 arg1 vector 769:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 6 47 theme N-glycosylation 928:942 arg1 profile 944:950 The N-glycosylation profile 924:950 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast 924:994 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma-derived orthologue. 24618259 8 48 from deposition 1310:1319 arg1 reticulum 1359:1367 the endoplasmic reticulum 1343:1367 the endoplasmic reticulum 1343:1367 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 8 48 from deposition 1310:1319 arg1 compartments 1402:1413 endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1372:1413 endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments 1372:1413 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 3 49 theme nerve 536:540 arg1 agents 542:547 organophosphorous nerve agents 518:547 organophosphorous nerve agents 518:547 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 3 50 theme serum 468:472 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 404:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase 398:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) 398:431 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 3 50 theme serum 468:472 arg1 protein 474:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 7 51 theme significant 1130:1140 arg1 portion 1142:1148 a significant portion 1128:1148 a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures 1128:1189 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 8 52 theme rBChE 1324:1328 arg1 oligomers 1330:1338 rBChE oligomers 1324:1338 rBChE oligomers 1324:1338 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 1 53 contain have 145:148 arg2 record 165:170 a proven track record 150:170 a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 150:233 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 1 53 contain have 145:148 arg1 Plants 138:143 Plants 138:143 Plants 138:143 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 7 54 theme protein 1092:1098 arg1 extracts 1100:1107 total soluble protein extracts 1078:1107 total soluble protein extracts 1078:1107 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 5 55 theme sialylated 902:911 arg1 N-glycans 913:921 sialylated N-glycans 902:921 sialylated N-glycans 902:921 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 6 56 theme plasma-derived 1018:1031 arg1 orthologue 1033:1042 the plasma-derived orthologue 1014:1042 the plasma-derived orthologue 1014:1042 The N-glycosylation profile of monomeric rBChE secreted to the apoplast largely resembles the plasma-derived orthologue. 24618259 3 57 theme Human 398:402 arg1 BChE 427:430 BChE 427:430 BChE 427:430 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 3 57 theme Human 398:402 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 404:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase 398:424 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) 398:431 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 3 57 theme Human 398:402 arg1 protein 474:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein 436:480 Human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a highly sialylated, tetrameric serum protein, investigated as a bioscavenger for organophosphorous nerve agents. 24618259 5 58 theme BChE 737:740 arg1 co-expression 720:732 co-expression 720:732 co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, 720:849 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 7 59 theme total 1078:1082 arg1 extracts 1100:1107 total soluble protein extracts 1078:1107 total soluble protein extracts 1078:1107 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 1 60 theme proven 152:157 arg1 record 165:170 a proven track record 150:170 a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 150:233 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 4 61 theme Nicotiana 592:600 arg1 benthamiana 602:612 Nicotiana benthamiana 592:612 Nicotiana benthamiana 592:612 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 8 62 theme imaging 1227:1233 arg1 experiments 1235:1245 live-cell imaging experiments 1217:1245 live-cell imaging experiments 1217:1245 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 7 63 theme soluble 1084:1090 arg1 extracts 1100:1107 total soluble protein extracts 1078:1107 total soluble protein extracts 1078:1107 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 1 64 theme track 159:163 arg1 record 165:170 a proven track record 150:170 a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins 150:233 Plants have a proven track record for the expression of biopharmaceutically interesting proteins. 24618259 4 65 theme assembled 666:674 arg1 oligomers 676:684 assembled oligomers 666:684 both monomers as well as assembled oligomers 641:684 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 7 66 theme ER-typical 1153:1162 arg1 structures 1180:1189 ER-typical oligomannosidic structures 1153:1189 ER-typical oligomannosidic structures 1153:1189 In contrast, rBChE purified from total soluble protein extracts was decorated with a significant portion of ER-typical oligomannosidic structures. 24618259 9 67 theme in-depth 1506:1513 arg1 studies 1515:1521 in-depth studies 1506:1521 in-depth studies 1506:1521 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 9 68 theme oligomeric 1574:1583 arg1 BChE 1585:1588 oligomeric BChE 1574:1588 oligomeric BChE in plants 1574:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 2 69 theme proteins 388:395 arg1 folding 331:337 similar folding 323:337 similar folding 323:337 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 2 69 theme proteins 388:395 arg1 assembly 340:347 assembly 340:347 assembly 340:347 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 2 69 theme proteins 388:395 arg1 modifications 371:383 posttranslational modifications 353:383 posttranslational modifications 353:383 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 0 70 theme butyrylcholinesterase 90:110 arg1 glycosylation 61:73 glycosylation 61:73 glycosylation 61:73 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 0 70 theme butyrylcholinesterase 90:110 arg1 deposition 46:55 subcellular deposition 34:55 subcellular deposition 34:55 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 9 71 theme multimers 1458:1466 arg1 assembly 1440:1447 the assembly 1436:1447 the assembly of rBChE multimers 1436:1466 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 2 72 theme secretory 293:301 arg1 pathway 303:309 a highly conserved secretory pathway 274:309 a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins 274:395 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 5 73 theme rBChE 881:885 arg1 generation 867:876 the generation 863:876 the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans 863:921 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 8 74 theme endoplasmic 1347:1357 arg1 reticulum 1359:1367 the endoplasmic reticulum 1343:1367 the endoplasmic reticulum 1343:1367 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 0 75 theme recombinant 78:88 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 90:110 recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 78:110 recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 78:110 Oligomerization status influences subcellular deposition and glycosylation of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 24618259 4 76 theme BChE 576:579 arg1 Expression 550:559 Expression 550:559 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana 550:612 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 24618259 2 77 theme conserved 283:291 arg1 pathway 303:309 a highly conserved secretory pathway 274:309 a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins 274:395 Importantly, plants and mammals share a highly conserved secretory pathway that allows similar folding, assembly and posttranslational modifications of proteins. 24618259 9 78 from targeting 1561:1569 arg1 plants 1593:1598 plants 1593:1598 plants 1593:1598 In summary, we show the assembly of rBChE multimers, however, also points to the need for in-depth studies to explain the unexpected subcellular targeting of oligomeric BChE in plants. 24618259 5 79 with co-expression 720:732 arg1 vector 769:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 a novel gene-stacking vector 747:774 In particular, we show here that co-expression of BChE with a novel gene-stacking vector, carrying six mammalian genes necessary for in planta protein sialylation, resulted in the generation of rBChE decorated with sialylated N-glycans. 24618259 8 80 theme live-cell 1217:1225 arg1 experiments 1235:1245 live-cell imaging experiments 1217:1245 live-cell imaging experiments 1217:1245 Biochemical analyses and live-cell imaging experiments indicated that impaired N-glycan processing is due to aberrant deposition of rBChE oligomers in the endoplasmic reticulum or endoplasmic-reticulum-derived compartments. 24618259 4 81 theme oligomers 676:684 arg1 accumulation 625:636 accumulation 625:636 accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers 625:684 Expression of recombinant BChE (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana results in accumulation of both monomers as well as assembled oligomers. 29352919 3 0 theme shellfish 736:744 arg1 species 725:731 the species 721:731 the species of shellfish 721:744 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 5 1 located observed 977:984 arg1 addition 938:945 addition 938:945 addition 938:945 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 5 1 located observed 977:984 arg2 peaks 961:965 unidentified peaks 948:965 unidentified peaks 948:965 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 0 2 from analysis 14:21 arg1 shellfish 61:69 the edible shellfish 50:69 the edible shellfish 50:69 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. 29352919 2 3 theme Pseudocardium 518:530 arg1 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 GAGs from 10 shellfish 314:335 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 3 theme Pseudocardium 518:530 arg1 sachalinense 532:543 Pseudocardium sachalinense 518:543 Pseudocardium sachalinense 518:543 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 4 4 from cornutus 862:869 arg1 GAGs 849:852 GAGs 849:852 GAGs from T. cornutus 849:869 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 2 5 theme glycan 593:598 arg1 structures 600:609 the glycan structures 589:609 the glycan structures in marine organisms 589:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 6 from analysis 302:309 arg1 shellfish 327:335 10 shellfish 324:335 10 shellfish 324:335 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 6 7 theme unidentified 1119:1130 arg1 structure 1132:1140 additional unidentified structure 1108:1140 additional unidentified structure of CS 1108:1146 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 6 8 theme CS 1145:1146 arg1 structure 1132:1140 additional unidentified structure 1108:1140 additional unidentified structure of CS 1108:1146 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 0 9 from shellfish 61:69 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 26:43 glycosaminoglycans 26:43 glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish 26:69 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. 29352919 0 9 from shellfish 61:69 arg1 analysis 14:21 Comprehensive analysis 0:21 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish 0:69 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. 29352919 2 10 dep Corbicula 448:456 arg1 japonica 458:465 Corbicula japonica 448:465 Corbicula japonica 448:465 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 5 11 theme unidentified 948:959 arg1 peaks 961:965 unidentified peaks 948:965 unidentified peaks 948:965 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 6 12 theme additional 1108:1117 arg1 structure 1132:1140 additional unidentified structure 1108:1140 additional unidentified structure of CS 1108:1146 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 2 13 dep Turbo 411:415 arg1 cornutus 417:424 Turbo cornutus 411:424 Turbo cornutus 411:424 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 intersculpta 504:515 intersculpta 504:515 intersculpta 504:515 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 Turbo 411:415 Turbo 411:415 Turbo 411:415 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 broughtonii 373:383 Scapharca broughtonii 363:383 Scapharca broughtonii 363:383 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 sachalinense 532:543 Pseudocardium sachalinense 518:543 Pseudocardium sachalinense 518:543 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 galloprovincialis 476:492 Mytilus galloprovincialis 468:492 Mytilus galloprovincialis 468:492 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 Mizuhopecten 386:397 Mizuhopecten 386:397 Mizuhopecten 386:397 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 analysis 302:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis 271:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms 271:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 nippona 439:445 Crassostrea nippona 427:445 Crassostrea nippona 427:445 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 GAGs from 10 shellfish 314:335 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 philippinarum 348:360 Ruditapes philippinarum 338:360 Ruditapes philippinarum 338:360 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 gigas 561:565 Crassostrea gigas 549:565 Crassostrea gigas 549:565 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 14 from shellfish 327:335 arg1 Corbicula 448:456 Corbicula 448:456 Corbicula 448:456 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 5 15 attach derived 994:1000 arg2 CS 991:992 CS 991:992 CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii 991:1038 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 5 15 attach derived 994:1000 arg1 philippinarum 1010:1022 R. philippinarum 1007:1022 R. philippinarum 1007:1022 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 1 16 theme C-3 163:165 arg1 position 167:174 the C-3 position 159:174 the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 159:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 2 17 theme Crassostrea 427:437 arg1 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 GAGs from 10 shellfish 314:335 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 17 theme Crassostrea 427:437 arg1 nippona 439:445 Crassostrea nippona 427:445 Crassostrea nippona 427:445 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 18 from structures 600:609 arg1 organisms 621:629 marine organisms 614:629 marine organisms 614:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 19 theme disaccharide 289:300 arg1 analysis 302:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis 271:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms 271:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 4 20 theme chondroitinase 888:901 arg1 ACII 911:914 chondroitinase (Chase) ACII 888:914 chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC 888:932 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 0 21 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 analysis 14:21 Comprehensive analysis 0:21 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish 0:69 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. 29352919 2 22 theme marine 614:619 arg1 organisms 621:629 marine organisms 614:629 marine organisms 614:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 23 theme comprehensive 275:287 arg1 analysis 302:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis 271:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms 271:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 0 24 theme glycosaminoglycans 26:43 arg1 analysis 14:21 Comprehensive analysis 0:21 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish 0:69 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. 29352919 6 25 theme structure 1132:1140 arg1 presence 1096:1103 the presence 1092:1103 the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish 1092:1165 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 1 26 theme glucuronate 179:189 arg1 position 167:174 the C-3 position 159:174 the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 159:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 2 27 theme Crassostrea 549:559 arg1 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 GAGs from 10 shellfish 314:335 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 27 theme Crassostrea 549:559 arg1 gigas 561:565 Crassostrea gigas 549:565 Crassostrea gigas 549:565 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 3 28 theme CS 648:649 arg1 contents 636:643 The contents 632:643 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid 632:686 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 3 28 theme CS 648:649 arg1 compositions 698:709 their compositions 692:709 their compositions 692:709 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 1 29 theme keratan 109:115 arg1 KS 126:127 KS 126:127 KS 126:127 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 1 29 theme keratan 109:115 arg1 sulfate 117:123 keratan sulfate 109:123 the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide 105:141 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 2 30 contain carried 259:265 arg1 We 256:257 We 256:257 We 256:257 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 30 contain carried 259:265 arg2 analysis 302:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis 271:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms 271:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 4 31 theme Chase 924:928 arg1 ABC 930:932 Chase ABC 924:932 chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC 888:932 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 2 32 dep Mizuhopecten 386:397 arg1 yessoensis 399:408 Mizuhopecten yessoensis 386:408 Mizuhopecten yessoensis 386:408 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 1 33 theme chondroitin 194:204 arg1 CS 215:216 CS 215:216 CS 215:216 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 1 33 theme chondroitin 194:204 arg1 sulfate 206:212 chondroitin sulfate 194:212 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 194:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 5 34 theme Chase 1058:1062 arg1 ACII 1064:1067 Chase ACII 1058:1067 Chase ACII 1058:1067 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 4 35 theme KS 815:816 arg1 disaccharide 818:829 KS disaccharide 815:829 KS disaccharide 815:829 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 6 36 from presence 1096:1103 arg1 shellfish 1157:1165 these shellfish 1151:1165 these shellfish 1151:1165 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 1 37 theme sulfate 206:212 arg1 -E 218:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E 194:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 194:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 5 38 theme R. 1007:1008 arg1 philippinarum 1010:1022 R. philippinarum 1007:1022 R. philippinarum 1007:1022 In addition, unidentified peaks were also observed when CS derived from R. philippinarum, S. broughtonii were treated with Chase ACII. 29352919 1 39 theme sulfate 117:123 arg1 branched 147:154 branched 147:154 branched 147:154 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 1 39 theme sulfate 117:123 arg1 disaccharide 130:141 the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide 105:141 the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide 105:141 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 0 40 theme edible 54:59 arg1 shellfish 61:69 the edible shellfish 50:69 the edible shellfish 50:69 Comprehensive analysis of glycosaminoglycans from the edible shellfish. 29352919 1 41 from -E 218:219 arg1 position 167:174 the C-3 position 159:174 the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 159:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 1 42 from glucuronate 179:189 arg1 -E 218:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E 194:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 194:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 2 43 theme GAGs 314:317 arg1 analysis 302:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis 271:309 the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms 271:629 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 3 44 theme acid 683:686 arg1 contents 636:643 The contents 632:643 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid 632:686 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 3 44 theme acid 683:686 arg1 compositions 698:709 their compositions 692:709 their compositions 692:709 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 3 45 theme hyaluronic 672:681 arg1 acid 683:686 hyaluronic acid 672:686 hyaluronic acid 672:686 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 6 46 attach presence 1096:1103 arg1 shellfish 1157:1165 these shellfish 1151:1165 these shellfish 1151:1165 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 6 46 attach presence 1096:1103 arg2 structure 1132:1140 additional unidentified structure 1108:1140 additional unidentified structure of CS 1108:1146 These results suggest the presence of additional unidentified structure of CS in these shellfish. 29352919 4 47 theme Chase 904:908 arg1 ACII 911:914 chondroitinase (Chase) ACII 888:914 chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC 888:932 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 3 48 theme heparan 652:658 arg1 sulfate 660:666 heparan sulfate 652:666 heparan sulfate 652:666 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 1 49 attach derived 221:227 arg1 chinensis 245:253 chinensis 245:253 chinensis 245:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 1 49 attach derived 221:227 arg2 -E 218:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E 194:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 194:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 1 50 from position 167:174 arg1 -E 218:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E 194:219 chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis 194:253 We have previously reported that the keratan sulfate (KS) disaccharide was branched to the C-3 position of glucuronate in chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E derived from the Mactra chinensis. 29352919 4 51 contain containing 804:813 arg1 pentasaccharide 788:802 a pentasaccharide 786:802 a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide 786:829 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 4 51 contain containing 804:813 arg2 disaccharide 818:829 KS disaccharide 815:829 KS disaccharide 815:829 Interestingly, a peak corresponding to a pentasaccharide containing KS disaccharide was observed when GAGs from T. cornutus was treated with chondroitinase (Chase) ACII but not Chase ABC. 29352919 3 52 theme sulfate 660:666 arg1 contents 636:643 The contents 632:643 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid 632:686 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 3 52 theme sulfate 660:666 arg1 compositions 698:709 their compositions 692:709 their compositions 692:709 The contents of CS, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid and their compositions depend on the species of shellfish. 29352919 2 53 theme Scapharca 363:371 arg1 GAGs 314:317 GAGs 314:317 GAGs from 10 shellfish 314:335 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 29352919 2 53 theme Scapharca 363:371 arg1 broughtonii 373:383 Scapharca broughtonii 363:383 Scapharca broughtonii 363:383 We carried out the comprehensive disaccharide analysis of GAGs from 10 shellfish, Ruditapes philippinarum, Scapharca broughtonii, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Turbo cornutus, Crassostrea nippona, Corbicula japonica, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Neptunea intersculpta, Pseudocardium sachalinense and Crassostrea gigas, to better understand the glycan structures in marine organisms. 28213905 6 0 theme 3-oxoacyl-ACP 863:875 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 0 theme 3-oxoacyl-ACP 863:875 arg1 reductase 877:885 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase 861:885 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase 861:885 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 dioxygenase 948:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 methyltransferanse 987:1004 a methyltransferanse 985:1004 a methyltransferanse 985:1004 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 reductase 877:885 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase 861:885 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase 861:885 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 acetyltransferase 908:924 an acetyltransferase 905:924 an acetyltransferase 905:924 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 glycosyltransferase 1012:1030 a glycosyltransferase 1010:1030 a glycosyltransferase 1010:1030 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 synthase 851:858 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 835:858 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 835:858 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 protein 976:982 a hypothetical protein 961:982 a hypothetical protein 961:982 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 protein 820:826 an acyl-carrier protein 804:826 an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) 804:832 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 1 theme sugar 784:788 arg1 dehydrogenase 890:902 a dehydrogenase 888:902 a dehydrogenase 888:902 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 9 2 located observed 1446:1453 arg2 changes 1398:1404 No significant changes 1383:1404 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility 1383:1439 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 9 2 located observed 1446:1453 arg1 mutants 1468:1474 the ΔgigX mutants 1458:1474 the ΔgigX mutants 1458:1474 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 5 3 dep gigX 557:560 arg1 genes 584:588 glycosylation island genes 563:588 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 4 theme flagellar 623:631 arg1 regulon 633:639 a flagellar regulon 621:639 a flagellar regulon 621:639 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 12 5 theme gigX 1980:1983 arg1 cluster 1985:1991 the gigX cluster 1976:1991 the gigX cluster 1976:1991 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 6 6 theme 3-oxoacyl-ACP 837:849 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 6 theme 3-oxoacyl-ACP 837:849 arg1 synthase 851:858 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 835:858 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 835:858 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 8 7 theme gigX 1207:1210 arg1 gene 1212:1215 each gigX gene 1202:1215 each gigX gene 1202:1215 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 2 8 theme pathogenic 271:280 arg1 bacteria 282:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 10 9 theme gene 1761:1764 arg1 expression 1766:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 11 10 theme ΔgigX10 1927:1933 arg1 flagellins 1903:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins 1884:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10 1884:1933 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 8 11 theme glycosylation 1236:1248 arg1 meaning 1264:1270 meaning 1264:1270 meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1264:1380 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 8 11 theme glycosylation 1236:1248 arg1 modification 1250:1261 flagellin glycosylation modification 1226:1261 flagellin glycosylation modification 1226:1261 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 12 12 theme virulence 2198:2206 arg1 regulation 2171:2180 the regulation 2167:2180 the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo 2167:2213 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 8 13 theme In-frame 1181:1188 arg1 deletion 1190:1197 In-frame deletion 1181:1197 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene 1181:1215 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 3 14 from functions 363:371 arg1 pv 422:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 7 15 theme upstream 1119:1126 arg1 factor 1132:1137 the upstream σ54 factor 1115:1137 the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 1115:1143 The gigX genes were co-transcribed in an operon and up-regulated by the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 and transcriptional activator FleQ. 28213905 10 16 theme increased 1601:1609 arg1 virulence 1611:1619 significantly increased virulence 1587:1619 significantly increased virulence 1587:1619 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 11 17 theme glycosylated 1792:1803 arg1 flagellin 1805:1813 the glycosylated flagellin 1788:1813 the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1788:1830 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 0 18 theme oryzae 150:155 arg1 pv 157:158 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 138:158 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 138:158 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 2 19 theme flagellar 217:225 arg1 assembly 227:234 flagellar assembly 217:234 flagellar assembly 217:234 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 12 20 from role 2059:2062 arg1 regulation 2171:2180 the regulation 2167:2180 the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo 2167:2213 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 11 21 dep did 1880:1882 arg1 than 1875:1878 than 1875:1878 than 1875:1878 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 8 22 theme unglycosylated 1281:1294 arg1 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 8 22 theme unglycosylated 1281:1294 arg1 flagellin 1296:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin 1277:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants 1277:1319 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 12 23 theme post-translational 2067:2084 arg1 modification 2086:2097 post-translational modification 2067:2097 post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin 2067:2162 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 3 24 theme genetic 327:333 arg1 determinants 335:346 genetic determinants 327:346 genetic determinants 327:346 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 7 25 theme σ54 1128:1130 arg1 factor 1132:1137 the upstream σ54 factor 1115:1137 the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 1115:1143 The gigX genes were co-transcribed in an operon and up-regulated by the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 and transcriptional activator FleQ. 28213905 8 26 theme mutants 1313:1319 arg1 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 8 26 theme mutants 1313:1319 arg1 flagellin 1296:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin 1277:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants 1277:1319 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 5 27 theme island 577:582 arg1 genes 584:588 glycosylation island genes 563:588 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 9 28 theme swimming 1521:1528 arg1 ability 1530:1536 increased swimming ability 1511:1536 increased swimming ability 1511:1536 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 11 29 gly unglycosylated 1888:1901 arg1 flagellins 1903:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins 1884:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10 1884:1933 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 11 30 from levels 1853:1858 arg1 rice 1863:1866 rice leaves 1863:1873 rice leaves 1863:1873 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 0 31 theme regulatory 93:102 arg1 role 104:107 its regulatory role 89:107 its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv 89:158 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 2 32 from assembly 227:234 arg1 bacteria 282:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 6 33 theme ring 929:932 arg1 dioxygenase 948:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 33 theme ring 929:932 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 4 34 theme bacterial 463:471 arg1 blight 473:478 bacterial blight 463:478 bacterial blight of rice 463:486 oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. 28213905 10 35 theme susceptible 1649:1659 arg1 IR24 1675:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 7 36 theme transcriptional 1149:1163 arg1 FleQ 1175:1178 transcriptional activator FleQ 1149:1178 transcriptional activator FleQ 1149:1178 The gigX genes were co-transcribed in an operon and up-regulated by the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 and transcriptional activator FleQ. 28213905 5 37 theme cluster 549:555 arg1 gigX 557:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX 538:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 37 theme cluster 549:555 arg1 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 2 38 from motility 237:244 arg1 bacteria 282:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 12 39 gly glycosylation 2108:2120 arg1 modification 2086:2097 post-translational modification 2067:2097 post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin 2067:2162 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 12 39 gly glycosylation 2108:2120 arg1 flagellin 2154:2162 flagellin 2154:2162 flagellin 2154:2162 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 2 40 from virulence 250:258 arg1 bacteria 282:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 3 41 theme flagellin 376:384 arg1 glycosylation 386:398 flagellin glycosylation 376:398 flagellin glycosylation 376:398 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 0 42 theme gene-containing 6:20 arg1 island 30:35 A ten gene-containing genomic island 0:35 A ten gene-containing genomic island 0:35 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 11 43 dep rice 1863:1866 arg1 leaves 1868:1873 leaves 1868:1873 leaves 1868:1873 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 11 44 theme unglycosylated 1888:1901 arg1 flagellins 1903:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins 1884:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10 1884:1933 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 10 45 theme cultivar 1666:1673 arg1 IR24 1675:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 8 46 gly glycosylated 1342:1353 arg1 flagellin 1355:1363 the glycosylated flagellin 1338:1363 the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1338:1380 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 3 47 theme oryzae 415:420 arg1 pv 422:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 11 48 theme higher 1840:1845 arg1 levels 1853:1858 higher H2 O2 levels 1840:1858 higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves 1840:1873 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 0 49 theme flagellin 48:56 arg1 glycosylation 58:70 flagellin glycosylation 48:70 flagellin glycosylation 48:70 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 5 50 from embedded 609:616 arg1 regulon 633:639 a flagellar regulon 621:639 a flagellar regulon 621:639 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 6 51 theme acyl-carrier 807:818 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 51 theme acyl-carrier 807:818 arg1 ACP 829:831 ACP 829:831 ACP 829:831 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 51 theme acyl-carrier 807:818 arg1 protein 820:826 an acyl-carrier protein 804:826 an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) 804:832 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 12 52 theme flagellin 2154:2162 arg1 acetylation 2123:2133 acetylation 2123:2133 acetylation 2123:2133 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 12 52 theme flagellin 2154:2162 arg1 glycosylation 2108:2120 glycosylation 2108:2120 glycosylation 2108:2120 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 12 52 theme flagellin 2154:2162 arg1 methylation 2139:2149 methylation 2139:2149 methylation 2139:2149 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 11 53 theme wild-type 1822:1830 arg1 flagellin 1805:1813 the glycosylated flagellin 1788:1813 the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1788:1830 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 10 54 theme secretion 1729:1737 arg1 T3SS 1747:1750 T3SS 1747:1750 T3SS 1747:1750 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 10 54 theme secretion 1729:1737 arg1 system 1739:1744 type III secretion system 1720:1744 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 12 55 theme modification 2086:2097 arg1 role 2059:2062 the regulatory role 2044:2062 the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo 2044:2213 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 5 56 from regulon 633:639 arg1 gigX 557:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX 538:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 56 from regulon 633:639 arg1 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 8 57 dep meaning 1264:1270 arg1 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 8 57 dep meaning 1264:1270 arg1 flagellin 1296:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin 1277:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants 1277:1319 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 12 58 with modification 2086:2097 arg1 acetylation 2123:2133 acetylation 2123:2133 acetylation 2123:2133 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 12 58 with modification 2086:2097 arg1 glycosylation 2108:2120 glycosylation 2108:2120 glycosylation 2108:2120 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 12 58 with modification 2086:2097 arg1 methylation 2139:2149 methylation 2139:2149 methylation 2139:2149 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 10 59 theme enhanced 1711:1718 arg1 expression 1766:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 12 60 theme flagellin 2004:2012 arg1 glycosylation 2014:2026 flagellin glycosylation 2004:2026 flagellin glycosylation 2004:2026 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 dioxygenase 948:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 methyltransferanse 987:1004 a methyltransferanse 985:1004 a methyltransferanse 985:1004 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 reductase 877:885 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase 861:885 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase 861:885 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 acetyltransferase 908:924 an acetyltransferase 905:924 an acetyltransferase 905:924 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 glycosyltransferase 1012:1030 a glycosyltransferase 1010:1030 a glycosyltransferase 1010:1030 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 synthase 851:858 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 835:858 a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase 835:858 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 protein 976:982 a hypothetical protein 961:982 a hypothetical protein 961:982 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 protein 820:826 an acyl-carrier protein 804:826 an acyl-carrier protein (ACP) 804:832 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 61 theme nucleotide 773:782 arg1 dehydrogenase 890:902 a dehydrogenase 888:902 a dehydrogenase 888:902 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 9 62 theme flagellar 1409:1417 arg1 filament 1419:1426 flagellar filament 1409:1426 flagellar filament 1409:1426 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 10 63 from virulence 1611:1619 arg1 IR24 1675:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 10 64 theme system 1739:1744 arg1 expression 1766:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 8 65 theme gene 1212:1215 arg1 deletion 1190:1197 In-frame deletion 1181:1197 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene 1181:1215 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 12 66 theme motility 2185:2192 arg1 regulation 2171:2180 the regulation 2167:2180 the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo 2167:2213 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 10 67 theme -related 1752:1759 arg1 expression 1766:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 4 68 theme causal 444:449 arg1 pathogen 451:458 the causal pathogen 440:458 the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice 440:486 oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. 28213905 4 68 theme causal 444:449 arg1 oryzae 426:431 oryzae 426:431 oryzae (Xoo) 426:437 oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. 28213905 5 69 dep structure 499:507 arg1 the 495:497 the 495:497 the 495:497 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 8 70 theme flagellin 1226:1234 arg1 meaning 1264:1270 meaning 1264:1270 meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1264:1380 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 8 70 theme flagellin 1226:1234 arg1 modification 1250:1261 flagellin glycosylation modification 1226:1261 flagellin glycosylation modification 1226:1261 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 10 71 theme bacterial 1625:1633 arg1 growth 1635:1640 bacterial growth 1625:1640 bacterial growth 1625:1640 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 0 72 theme Xanthomonas 138:148 arg1 pv 157:158 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 138:158 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 138:158 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 9 73 theme ΔgigX 1462:1466 arg1 mutants 1468:1474 the ΔgigX mutants 1458:1474 the ΔgigX mutants 1458:1474 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 0 74 theme pv 157:158 arg1 virulence 125:133 virulence 125:133 virulence 125:133 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 0 74 theme pv 157:158 arg1 motility 112:119 motility 112:119 motility 112:119 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 12 75 theme regulatory 2048:2057 arg1 role 2059:2062 the regulatory role 2044:2062 the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo 2044:2213 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 2 76 theme several 263:269 arg1 bacteria 282:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 several pathogenic bacteria 263:289 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 5 77 theme ten-gene 540:547 arg1 gigX 557:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX 538:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 77 theme ten-gene 540:547 arg1 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 0 78 from role 104:107 arg1 virulence 125:133 virulence 125:133 virulence 125:133 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 0 78 from role 104:107 arg1 motility 112:119 motility 112:119 motility 112:119 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 3 79 from determinants 335:346 arg1 pv 422:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 6 80 theme hypothetical 963:974 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 80 theme hypothetical 963:974 arg1 protein 976:982 a hypothetical protein 961:982 a hypothetical protein 961:982 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 9 81 theme increased 1511:1519 arg1 ability 1530:1536 increased swimming ability 1511:1536 increased swimming ability 1511:1536 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 7 82 theme activator 1165:1173 arg1 FleQ 1175:1178 transcriptional activator FleQ 1149:1178 transcriptional activator FleQ 1149:1178 The gigX genes were co-transcribed in an operon and up-regulated by the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 and transcriptional activator FleQ. 28213905 8 83 gly unglycosylated 1281:1294 arg1 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 smaller 1325:1331 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 8 83 gly unglycosylated 1281:1294 arg1 flagellin 1296:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin 1277:1304 the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants 1277:1319 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 6 84 theme hydroxylating 934:946 arg1 dioxygenase 948:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase 927:958 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 84 theme hydroxylating 934:946 arg1 transaminase 790:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 a nucleotide sugar transaminase 771:801 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 4 85 theme blight 473:478 arg1 pathogen 451:458 the causal pathogen 440:458 the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice 440:486 oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. 28213905 4 85 theme blight 473:478 arg1 oryzae 426:431 oryzae 426:431 oryzae (Xoo) 426:437 oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. 28213905 5 86 theme Xoo 593:595 arg1 gigX 557:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX 538:560 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 86 theme Xoo 593:595 arg1 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 embedded 609:616 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 3 87 theme biological 352:361 arg1 functions 363:371 biological functions 352:371 biological functions 352:371 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 4 88 theme rice 483:486 arg1 blight 473:478 bacterial blight 463:478 bacterial blight of rice 463:486 oryzae (Xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. 28213905 7 89 theme factor 1132:1137 arg1 RpoN2 1139:1143 the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 1115:1143 the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 1115:1143 The gigX genes were co-transcribed in an operon and up-regulated by the upstream σ54 factor RpoN2 and transcriptional activator FleQ. 28213905 5 90 theme gigX 557:560 arg1 regulation 510:519 regulation 510:519 regulation 510:519 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 90 theme gigX 557:560 arg1 structure 499:507 structure 499:507 structure 499:507 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 5 90 theme gigX 557:560 arg1 functions 525:533 functions 525:533 functions 525:533 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 3 91 theme Xanthomonas 403:413 arg1 pv 422:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 Xanthomonas oryzae pv 403:423 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 8 92 theme glycosylated 1342:1353 arg1 flagellin 1355:1363 the glycosylated flagellin 1338:1363 the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1338:1380 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 0 93 theme genomic 22:28 arg1 island 30:35 A ten gene-containing genomic island 0:35 A ten gene-containing genomic island 0:35 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 5 94 theme glycosylation 563:575 arg1 genes 584:588 glycosylation island genes 563:588 a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo) 538:596 Here, the structure, regulation and functions of a ten-gene cluster gigX (glycosylation island genes of Xoo), which was embedded in a flagellar regulon, were characterized. 28213905 3 95 theme glycosylation 386:398 arg1 determinants 335:346 genetic determinants 327:346 genetic determinants 327:346 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 3 95 theme glycosylation 386:398 arg1 functions 363:371 biological functions 352:371 biological functions 352:371 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 12 96 theme Xoo 2211:2213 arg1 virulence 2198:2206 virulence 2198:2206 virulence 2198:2206 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 12 96 theme Xoo 2211:2213 arg1 motility 2185:2192 motility 2185:2192 motility 2185:2192 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 11 97 theme ΔgigX1 1917:1922 arg1 flagellins 1903:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins 1884:1912 the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10 1884:1933 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 9 98 from changes 1398:1404 arg1 motility 1432:1439 motility 1432:1439 motility 1432:1439 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 9 98 from changes 1398:1404 arg1 filament 1419:1426 flagellar filament 1409:1426 flagellar filament 1409:1426 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28213905 12 99 dep glycosylation 2108:2120 arg1 the 2104:2106 the 2104:2106 the 2104:2106 Taken together, this study reveals that the gigX cluster determines flagellin glycosylation, and implicates the regulatory role of post-translational modification with the glycosylation, acetylation and methylation of flagellin in the regulation of motility and virulence of Xoo. 28213905 3 100 dep determinants 335:346 arg1 the 323:325 the 323:325 the 323:325 However, little is known about the genetic determinants and biological functions of flagellin glycosylation in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 2 101 theme Flagellin 169:177 arg1 glycosylation 179:191 Flagellin glycosylation 169:191 Flagellin glycosylation 169:191 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 8 102 theme wild-type 1372:1380 arg1 flagellin 1355:1363 the glycosylated flagellin 1338:1363 the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1338:1380 In-frame deletion of each gigX gene affected flagellin glycosylation modification, meaning that the unglycosylated flagellin of the mutants was smaller than the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type. 28213905 6 103 theme glycan 727:732 arg1 biosynthesis 734:745 glycan biosynthesis 727:745 glycan biosynthesis 727:745 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 10 104 theme rice 1661:1664 arg1 IR24 1675:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 0 105 dep determines 37:46 arg1 implication 73:83 implication 73:83 implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv 73:158 A ten gene-containing genomic island determines flagellin glycosylation: implication for its regulatory role in motility and virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. 28213905 10 106 from growth 1635:1640 arg1 IR24 1675:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 the susceptible rice cultivar IR24 1645:1678 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 11 107 gly glycosylated 1792:1803 arg1 flagellin 1805:1813 the glycosylated flagellin 1788:1813 the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type 1788:1830 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 11 108 theme H2 1847:1848 arg1 levels 1853:1858 higher H2 O2 levels 1840:1858 higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves 1840:1873 Moreover, the glycosylated flagellin of the wild-type induced higher H2 O2 levels in rice leaves than did the unglycosylated flagellins of ΔgigX1 or ΔgigX10. 28213905 2 109 theme crucial 201:207 arg1 role 209:212 a crucial role 199:212 a crucial role 199:212 Flagellin glycosylation plays a crucial role in flagellar assembly, motility and virulence in several pathogenic bacteria. 28213905 6 110 theme putative 686:693 arg1 enzymes 695:701 putative enzymes 686:701 putative enzymes 686:701 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 6 110 theme putative 686:693 arg1 gigX1 662:666 gigX1 662:666 gigX1 to gigX10 662:676 gigX1 to gigX10 encoded putative enzymes or proteins involved in glycan biosynthesis and transfer, including a nucleotide sugar transaminase, an acyl-carrier protein (ACP), a 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, a 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase, a dehydrogenase, an acetyltransferase, a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, a hypothetical protein, a methyltransferanse and a glycosyltransferase, respectively. 28213905 10 111 theme type 1720:1723 arg1 T3SS 1747:1750 T3SS 1747:1750 T3SS 1747:1750 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 10 111 theme type 1720:1723 arg1 system 1739:1744 type III secretion system 1720:1744 enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression 1711:1775 Importantly, all mutants, except ΔgigX9, showed significantly increased virulence and bacterial growth in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24, and ΔgigX1 and ΔgigX10 showed enhanced type III secretion system (T3SS)-related gene expression. 28213905 9 112 theme significant 1386:1396 arg1 changes 1398:1404 No significant changes 1383:1404 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility 1383:1439 No significant changes in flagellar filament and motility were observed in the ΔgigX mutants, among which only ΔgigX6 displayed increased swimming ability. 28363873 10 0 theme rice 1486:1489 arg1 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 0 theme rice 1486:1489 arg1 callus 1491:1496 gnt1 rice callus 1481:1496 gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1481:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 12 1 theme Pompe 1878:1882 arg1 disease 1884:1890 Pompe disease 1878:1890 Pompe disease 1878:1890 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 4 2 theme high 691:694 arg1 glycoproteins 709:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 Mutant rice lacking GnTI produces only high mannosylated glycoproteins. 28363873 7 3 theme blot 1058:1061 arg1 analysis 1063:1070 Western blot analysis 1050:1070 Western blot analysis 1050:1070 Western blot analysis was performed to confirm secretion of the target proteins into the culture media. 28363873 3 4 theme mannose 584:590 arg1 residue 592:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue 563:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing 563:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 3 4 theme mannose 584:590 arg1 structures 617:626 core N-glycan structures 603:626 core N-glycan structures for further processing 603:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 11 5 attach presence 1638:1645 arg1 gnt1-GAA 1676:1683 gnt1-GAA 1676:1683 gnt1-GAA 1676:1683 N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. 28363873 11 5 attach presence 1638:1645 arg2 N-glycans 1663:1671 high-mannose N-glycans 1650:1671 high-mannose N-glycans 1650:1671 N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. 28363873 1 6 theme metabolic 178:186 arg1 disorders 188:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 8 7 theme indirect 1163:1170 arg1 assay 1200:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 10 8 theme similar 1524:1530 arg1 activity 1458:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity 1431:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1431:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 8 theme similar 1524:1530 arg1 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 0 9 theme Pompe 111:115 arg1 disease 117:123 Pompe disease 111:123 Pompe disease 111:123 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 3 10 theme exposed 567:573 arg1 residue 592:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue 563:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing 563:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 3 10 theme exposed 567:573 arg1 structures 617:626 core N-glycan structures 603:626 core N-glycan structures for further processing 603:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 8 11 theme linked 1179:1184 arg1 assay 1200:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 8 12 theme rhGAA 1247:1251 arg1 expression 1233:1242 the maximum expression 1221:1242 the maximum expression of rhGAA 1221:1251 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 10 13 theme Chinese 1555:1561 arg1 ovary 1571:1575 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 2 14 theme enzyme 225:230 arg1 ERT 253:255 ERT 253:255 ERT 253:255 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 2 14 theme enzyme 225:230 arg1 therapy 244:250 enzyme replacement therapy 225:250 enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) 225:256 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 12 15 theme disease 1884:1890 arg1 treatment 1865:1873 the treatment 1861:1873 the treatment of Pompe disease 1861:1890 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 0 16 from glycans 69:75 arg1 rice 85:88 gnt1 rice 80:88 gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease 80:123 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 4 17 gly glycoproteins 709:721 arg1 glycoproteins 709:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 Mutant rice lacking GnTI produces only high mannosylated glycoproteins. 28363873 6 18 theme target 921:926 arg1 gene 928:931 the target gene 917:931 the target gene 917:931 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 1 19 theme Lysosomal 126:134 arg1 diseases 144:151 Lysosomal storage diseases 126:151 Lysosomal storage diseases 126:151 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 19 theme Lysosomal 126:134 arg1 group 159:163 a group 157:163 a group of inherited metabolic disorders 157:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 19 theme Lysosomal 126:134 arg1 disorders 188:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 5 20 theme human 781:785 arg1 rhGAA 807:811 rhGAA 807:811 rhGAA 807:811 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 5 20 theme human 781:785 arg1 α-glucosidase 792:804 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 769:804 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) 769:812 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 6 21 theme mRNA 979:982 arg1 expression 984:993 its mRNA expression 975:993 its mRNA expression 975:993 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 0 22 theme gnt1 80:83 arg1 rice 85:88 gnt1 rice 80:88 gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease 80:123 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 12 23 theme therapeutic 1837:1847 arg1 enzymes 1849:1855 therapeutic enzymes 1837:1855 therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease 1837:1890 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 10 24 dep in 1435:1436 arg1 vitro 1438:1442 vitro 1438:1442 vitro 1438:1442 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 6 25 theme rice 961:964 arg1 line 966:969 the gnt1 rice line 952:969 the gnt1 rice line 952:969 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 0 26 theme α-glucosidase 37:49 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 0:124 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 10 27 theme cell-derived 1577:1588 arg1 GAA 1590:1592 cell-derived GAA 1577:1592 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 27 theme cell-derived 1577:1588 arg1 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 8 28 link linked 1179:1184 arg1 assay 1200:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 0 29 theme recombinant 14:24 arg1 α-glucosidase 37:49 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 14:49 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 14:49 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 10 30 from callus 1491:1496 arg1 rhGAA 1470:1474 rhGAA 1470:1474 rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1470:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 30 from callus 1491:1496 arg1 activity 1458:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity 1431:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1431:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 30 from callus 1491:1496 arg1 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 3 31 gly N-glycosylation 470:484 arg1 cisternae 497:505 the cis cisternae 489:505 the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus 489:528 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 2 32 theme target 394:399 arg1 cells 401:405 target cells 394:405 target cells 394:405 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 7 33 theme proteins 1121:1128 arg1 secretion 1097:1105 secretion 1097:1105 secretion of the target proteins into the culture media 1097:1151 Western blot analysis was performed to confirm secretion of the target proteins into the culture media. 28363873 9 34 theme enzymatic 1318:1326 arg1 activity 1328:1335 the enzymatic activity 1314:1335 the enzymatic activity 1314:1335 To assay the enzymatic activity and determine the N-glycan profile of rhGAA, we purified the protein using a 6×histidine tag. 28363873 0 35 theme acid 32:35 arg1 α-glucosidase 37:49 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 14:49 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 14:49 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 10 36 theme gnt1 1481:1484 arg1 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 36 theme gnt1 1481:1484 arg1 callus 1491:1496 gnt1 rice callus 1481:1496 gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1481:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 3 37 theme cis 493:495 arg1 cisternae 497:505 the cis cisternae 489:505 the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus 489:528 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 5 38 used used 824:827 arg2 gene 755:758 a gene 753:758 a gene 753:758 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 10 39 theme rhGAA 1470:1474 arg1 activity 1458:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity 1431:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1431:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 39 theme rhGAA 1470:1474 arg1 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 0 40 with Production 0:9 arg1 glycans 69:75 high-mannose glycans 56:75 high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease 56:123 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 12 41 theme GAA 1730:1732 arg1 production 1703:1712 the production 1699:1712 the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host 1699:1776 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 11 42 theme high-mannose 1650:1661 arg1 N-glycans 1663:1671 high-mannose N-glycans 1650:1671 high-mannose N-glycans 1650:1671 N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. 28363873 3 43 theme Golgi 514:518 arg1 apparatus 520:528 the Golgi apparatus 510:528 the Golgi apparatus 510:528 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 12 44 theme gnt1 1740:1743 arg1 calli 1750:1754 gnt1 rice calli 1740:1754 gnt1 rice calli 1740:1754 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 12 44 theme gnt1 1740:1743 arg1 host 1773:1776 an expression host 1759:1776 an expression host 1759:1776 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 2 45 theme mannose 334:340 arg1 residues 354:361 mannose 6-phosphate residues 334:361 mannose 6-phosphate residues 334:361 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 9 46 theme rhGAA 1375:1379 arg1 profile 1364:1370 the N-glycan profile 1351:1370 the N-glycan profile of rhGAA 1351:1379 To assay the enzymatic activity and determine the N-glycan profile of rhGAA, we purified the protein using a 6×histidine tag. 28363873 11 47 theme N-glycan 1607:1614 arg1 analysis 1616:1623 N-glycan analysis 1607:1623 N-glycan analysis 1607:1623 N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. 28363873 5 48 theme gnt1 860:863 arg1 callus 870:875 gnt1 rice callus 860:875 gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment 860:899 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 7 49 theme Western 1050:1056 arg1 analysis 1063:1070 Western blot analysis 1050:1070 Western blot analysis 1050:1070 Western blot analysis was performed to confirm secretion of the target proteins into the culture media. 28363873 3 50 theme terminal 575:582 arg1 residue 592:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue 563:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing 563:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 3 50 theme terminal 575:582 arg1 structures 617:626 core N-glycan structures 603:626 core N-glycan structures for further processing 603:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 12 51 theme expression 1762:1771 arg1 calli 1750:1754 gnt1 rice calli 1740:1754 gnt1 rice calli 1740:1754 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 12 51 theme expression 1762:1771 arg1 host 1773:1776 an expression host 1759:1776 an expression host 1759:1776 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 1 52 theme inherited 168:176 arg1 disorders 188:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 6 53 theme gnt1 956:959 arg1 line 966:969 the gnt1 rice line 952:969 the gnt1 rice line 952:969 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 0 54 theme disease 117:123 arg1 treatment 98:106 the treatment 94:106 the treatment of Pompe disease 94:123 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 9 55 theme 6×histidine 1414:1424 arg1 tag 1426:1428 a 6×histidine tag 1412:1428 a 6×histidine tag 1412:1428 To assay the enzymatic activity and determine the N-glycan profile of rhGAA, we purified the protein using a 6×histidine tag. 28363873 8 56 theme maximum 1225:1231 arg1 expression 1233:1242 the maximum expression 1221:1242 the maximum expression of rhGAA 1221:1251 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 10 57 theme hamster 1563:1569 arg1 ovary 1571:1575 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 3 58 theme core 603:606 arg1 structures 617:626 core N-glycan structures 603:626 core N-glycan structures for further processing 603:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 5 59 theme rice 865:868 arg1 callus 870:875 gnt1 rice callus 860:875 gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment 860:899 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 5 60 theme Pompe 840:844 arg1 disease 846:852 Pompe disease 840:852 Pompe disease 840:852 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 8 61 theme enzyme 1172:1177 arg1 assay 1200:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 4 62 gly mannosylated 696:707 arg1 glycoproteins 709:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 Mutant rice lacking GnTI produces only high mannosylated glycoproteins. 28363873 8 63 theme immunosorbent 1186:1198 arg1 assay 1200:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 1160:1204 Using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, we determined the maximum expression of rhGAA to be approximately 45mg/L, 13days after induction. 28363873 6 64 theme gene 928:931 arg1 Integration 902:912 Integration 902:912 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line 902:969 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 6 64 theme gene 928:931 arg1 expression 984:993 its mRNA expression 975:993 its mRNA expression 975:993 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 3 65 theme further 632:638 arg1 processing 640:649 further processing 632:649 further processing 632:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 3 66 from N-glycosylation 470:484 arg1 cisternae 497:505 the cis cisternae 489:505 the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus 489:528 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 5 67 theme recombinant 769:779 arg1 rhGAA 807:811 rhGAA 807:811 rhGAA 807:811 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 5 67 theme recombinant 769:779 arg1 α-glucosidase 792:804 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 769:804 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) 769:812 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 3 68 theme structures 617:626 arg1 residue 592:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue 563:598 the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing 563:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 3 68 theme structures 617:626 arg1 structures 617:626 core N-glycan structures 603:626 core N-glycan structures for further processing 603:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 1 69 theme disorders 188:196 arg1 diseases 144:151 Lysosomal storage diseases 126:151 Lysosomal storage diseases 126:151 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 69 theme disorders 188:196 arg1 group 159:163 a group 157:163 a group of inherited metabolic disorders 157:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 69 theme disorders 188:196 arg1 disorders 188:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 70 theme storage 136:142 arg1 diseases 144:151 Lysosomal storage diseases 126:151 Lysosomal storage diseases 126:151 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 70 theme storage 136:142 arg1 group 159:163 a group 157:163 a group of inherited metabolic disorders 157:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 1 70 theme storage 136:142 arg1 disorders 188:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 inherited metabolic disorders 168:196 Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. 28363873 10 71 from activity 1458:1465 arg1 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 gnt1-GAA 1499:1506 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 71 from activity 1458:1465 arg1 callus 1491:1496 gnt1 rice callus 1481:1496 gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1481:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 4 72 theme mannosylated 696:707 arg1 glycoproteins 709:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 only high mannosylated glycoproteins 686:721 Mutant rice lacking GnTI produces only high mannosylated glycoproteins. 28363873 5 73 theme acid 787:790 arg1 rhGAA 807:811 rhGAA 807:811 rhGAA 807:811 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 5 73 theme acid 787:790 arg1 α-glucosidase 792:804 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 769:804 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) 769:812 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 2 74 contain carry 308:312 arg2 residues 354:361 mannose 6-phosphate residues 334:361 mannose 6-phosphate residues 334:361 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 2 74 contain carry 308:312 arg1 enzymes 284:290 the replacement enzymes 268:290 the replacement enzymes 268:290 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 2 74 contain carry 308:312 arg2 mannose 323:329 terminal mannose 314:329 terminal mannose 314:329 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 12 75 theme enzymes 1849:1855 arg1 development 1822:1832 the future development 1811:1832 the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease 1811:1890 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 5 76 theme particle 880:887 arg1 bombardment 889:899 particle bombardment 880:899 particle bombardment 880:899 In this study, we introduced a gene encoding recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is used in ERT for Pompe disease, into gnt1 rice callus by particle bombardment. 28363873 2 77 theme replacement 272:282 arg1 enzymes 284:290 the replacement enzymes 268:290 the replacement enzymes 268:290 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 6 78 theme line 966:969 arg1 genome 942:947 the genome 938:947 the genome of the gnt1 rice line 938:969 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 12 79 theme future 1815:1820 arg1 development 1822:1832 the future development 1811:1832 the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease 1811:1890 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 11 80 from presence 1638:1645 arg1 gnt1-GAA 1676:1683 gnt1-GAA 1676:1683 gnt1-GAA 1676:1683 N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. 28363873 2 81 theme efficient 372:380 arg1 uptake 382:387 efficient uptake 372:387 efficient uptake into target cells and tissues 372:417 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 7 82 theme culture 1139:1145 arg1 media 1147:1151 the culture media 1135:1151 the culture media 1135:1151 Western blot analysis was performed to confirm secretion of the target proteins into the culture media. 28363873 10 83 theme ovary 1571:1575 arg1 activity 1539:1546 the activity 1535:1546 the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1535:1604 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 0 84 theme human 26:30 arg1 α-glucosidase 37:49 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 14:49 recombinant human acid α-glucosidase 14:49 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 2 85 theme replacement 232:242 arg1 ERT 253:255 ERT 253:255 ERT 253:255 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 2 85 theme replacement 232:242 arg1 therapy 244:250 enzyme replacement therapy 225:250 enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) 225:256 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 6 86 theme Northern 1021:1028 arg1 blot 1030:1033 Northern blot 1021:1033 Northern blot 1021:1033 Integration of the target gene into the genome of the gnt1 rice line and its mRNA expression were confirmed by PCR and Northern blot, respectively. 28363873 10 87 theme α-glucosidase 1444:1456 arg1 activity 1458:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity 1431:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1431:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 87 theme α-glucosidase 1444:1456 arg1 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 88 link cell-derived 1577:1588 arg1 GAA 1590:1592 cell-derived GAA 1577:1592 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 88 link cell-derived 1577:1588 arg1 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 7 89 theme target 1114:1119 arg1 proteins 1121:1128 the target proteins 1110:1128 the target proteins 1110:1128 Western blot analysis was performed to confirm secretion of the target proteins into the culture media. 28363873 10 90 theme in 1435:1436 arg1 activity 1458:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity 1431:1465 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) 1431:1507 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 90 theme in 1435:1436 arg1 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 3.092U/mg 1513:1521 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 0 91 theme high-mannose 56:67 arg1 glycans 69:75 high-mannose glycans 56:75 high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease 56:123 Production of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase with high-mannose glycans in gnt1 rice for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 12 92 theme rice 1745:1748 arg1 calli 1750:1754 gnt1 rice calli 1740:1754 gnt1 rice calli 1740:1754 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 12 92 theme rice 1745:1748 arg1 host 1773:1776 an expression host 1759:1776 an expression host 1759:1776 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 11 93 theme N-glycans 1663:1671 arg1 presence 1638:1645 the presence 1634:1645 the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA 1634:1683 N-glycan analysis revealed the presence of high-mannose N-glycans on gnt1-GAA. 28363873 2 94 theme terminal 314:321 arg1 mannose 323:329 terminal mannose 314:329 terminal mannose 314:329 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 3 95 theme N-glycan 608:615 arg1 structures 617:626 core N-glycan structures 603:626 core N-glycan structures for further processing 603:649 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 28363873 10 96 dep ovary 1571:1575 arg1 GAA 1590:1592 cell-derived GAA 1577:1592 the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg) 1551:1604 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 10 96 dep ovary 1571:1575 arg1 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 3.154U/mg 1595:1603 The in vitro α-glucosidase activity of rhGAA from gnt1 rice callus (gnt1-GAA) was 3.092U/mg, similar to the activity of the Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived GAA (3.154U/mg). 28363873 2 97 theme 6-phosphate 342:352 arg1 residues 354:361 mannose 6-phosphate residues 334:361 mannose 6-phosphate residues 334:361 Patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which the replacement enzymes are required to carry terminal mannose or mannose 6-phosphate residues to allow efficient uptake into target cells and tissues. 28363873 9 98 theme N-glycan 1355:1362 arg1 profile 1364:1370 the N-glycan profile 1351:1370 the N-glycan profile of rhGAA 1351:1379 To assay the enzymatic activity and determine the N-glycan profile of rhGAA, we purified the protein using a 6×histidine tag. 28363873 12 99 theme high-mannose 1717:1728 arg1 GAA 1730:1732 high-mannose GAA 1717:1732 high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host 1717:1776 In addition, the production of high-mannose GAA using gnt1 rice calli as an expression host was characterized, which may aid the future development of therapeutic enzymes for the treatment of Pompe disease. 28363873 3 100 theme apparatus 520:528 arg1 cisternae 497:505 the cis cisternae 489:505 the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus 489:528 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-I (GnTI) mediates N-glycosylation in the cis cisternae of the Golgi apparatus by adding N-acetylglucosamine to the exposed terminal mannose residue of core N-glycan structures for further processing. 29251719 4 0 theme cell 760:763 arg1 hosts 765:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 5 1 theme similar 952:958 arg1 levels 960:965 similar levels 952:965 similar levels 952:965 Many enzymes were produced at high yields and at similar levels in both hosts, but individual protein expression levels varied widely. 29251719 0 2 theme enzymes 79:85 arg1 studies 48:54 structural and functional studies 22:54 structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes 22:85 Expression system for structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes. 29251719 3 3 theme glycoside 573:581 arg1 hydrolases 583:592 glycoside hydrolases 573:592 glycoside hydrolases 573:592 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 6 4 theme vector 1054:1059 arg1 resource 1094:1101 a transformative resource 1077:1101 a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production 1077:1135 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 6 4 theme vector 1054:1059 arg1 library 1061:1067 This expression vector library 1038:1067 This expression vector library 1038:1067 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 1 5 gly glycoproteins 99:111 arg1 glycoproteins 99:111 Vertebrate glycoproteins 88:111 Vertebrate glycoproteins 88:111 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 6 6 theme expression 1043:1052 arg1 resource 1094:1101 a transformative resource 1077:1101 a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production 1077:1135 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 6 6 theme expression 1043:1052 arg1 library 1061:1067 This expression vector library 1038:1067 This expression vector library 1038:1067 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 1 7 theme Vertebrate 88:97 arg1 glycoproteins 99:111 Vertebrate glycoproteins 88:111 Vertebrate glycoproteins 88:111 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 3 8 theme known 539:543 arg1 glycosyltransferases 551:570 all known human glycosyltransferases 535:570 all known human glycosyltransferases 535:570 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 4 9 theme fusion 720:725 arg1 proteins 727:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins 694:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts 694:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 5 10 theme Many 903:906 arg1 enzymes 908:914 Many enzymes 903:914 Many enzymes 903:914 Many enzymes were produced at high yields and at similar levels in both hosts, but individual protein expression levels varied widely. 29251719 4 11 theme secreted 694:701 arg1 proteins 727:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins 694:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts 694:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 5 12 theme high 933:936 arg1 yields 938:943 high yields 933:943 high yields 933:943 Many enzymes were produced at high yields and at similar levels in both hosts, but individual protein expression levels varied widely. 29251719 6 13 theme recombinant 1107:1117 arg1 production 1126:1135 recombinant enzyme production 1107:1135 recombinant enzyme production 1107:1135 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 6 14 theme structure-function 1155:1172 arg1 studies 1174:1180 structure-function studies 1155:1180 structure-function studies 1155:1180 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 1 15 theme membrane 209:216 arg1 compartments 218:229 membrane compartments 209:229 membrane compartments of the secretory pathway 209:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 1 16 located localized 178:186 arg1 compartments 218:229 membrane compartments 209:229 membrane compartments of the secretory pathway 209:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 1 16 located localized 178:186 arg2 pathways 169:176 complex biosynthetic pathways 148:176 complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway 148:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 3 17 theme other 629:633 arg1 enzymes 652:658 other glycan-modifying enzymes 629:658 other glycan-modifying enzymes 629:658 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 4 18 from proteins 727:734 arg1 hosts 765:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 2 19 theme functional 439:448 arg1 products 450:457 functional products 439:457 functional products 439:457 The enzymes that catalyze these reactions are exquisitely specific, yet few have been extensively characterized because of challenges associated with their recombinant expression as functional products. 29251719 3 20 theme glycan-modifying 635:650 arg1 enzymes 652:658 other glycan-modifying enzymes 629:658 other glycan-modifying enzymes 629:658 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 4 21 theme mammalian 739:747 arg1 hosts 765:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 0 22 theme structural 22:31 arg1 studies 48:54 structural and functional studies 22:54 structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes 22:85 Expression system for structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes. 29251719 4 23 theme enzymes 815:821 arg1 subset 801:806 a subset 799:806 a subset of the enzymes 799:821 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 4 24 theme catalytic 703:711 arg1 proteins 727:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins 694:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts 694:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 5 25 theme individual 986:995 arg1 levels 1016:1021 individual protein expression levels 986:1021 individual protein expression levels 986:1021 Many enzymes were produced at high yields and at similar levels in both hosts, but individual protein expression levels varied widely. 29251719 5 26 theme expression 1005:1014 arg1 levels 1016:1021 individual protein expression levels 986:1021 individual protein expression levels 986:1021 Many enzymes were produced at high yields and at similar levels in both hosts, but individual protein expression levels varied widely. 29251719 1 27 theme secretory 238:246 arg1 pathway 248:254 the secretory pathway 234:254 the secretory pathway 234:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 0 28 theme functional 37:46 arg1 studies 48:54 structural and functional studies 22:54 structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes 22:85 Expression system for structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes. 29251719 3 29 theme expression 500:509 arg1 library 518:524 an expression vector library 497:524 an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes 497:658 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 1 30 theme pathway 248:254 arg1 compartments 218:229 membrane compartments 209:229 membrane compartments of the secretory pathway 209:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 3 31 theme modular 470:476 arg1 approach 478:485 a modular approach 468:485 a modular approach 468:485 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 3 32 theme vector 511:516 arg1 library 518:524 an expression vector library 497:524 an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes 497:658 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 3 33 used used 463:466 arg2 We 460:461 We 460:461 We 460:461 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 3 34 theme human 545:549 arg1 glycosyltransferases 551:570 all known human glycosyltransferases 535:570 all known human glycosyltransferases 535:570 We used a modular approach to create an expression vector library encoding all known human glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and sulfotransferases, as well as other glycan-modifying enzymes. 29251719 4 35 theme sialyltransferase 872:888 arg1 enzyme 860:865 one enzyme 856:865 one enzyme 856:865 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 4 35 theme sialyltransferase 872:888 arg1 ST6GalNAcII 890:900 the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII 868:900 the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII 868:900 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 4 36 theme insect 753:758 arg1 hosts 765:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 mammalian and insect cell hosts 739:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 5 37 theme protein 997:1003 arg1 levels 1016:1021 individual protein expression levels 986:1021 individual protein expression levels 986:1021 Many enzymes were produced at high yields and at similar levels in both hosts, but individual protein expression levels varied widely. 29251719 6 38 theme transformative 1079:1092 arg1 resource 1094:1101 a transformative resource 1077:1101 a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production 1077:1135 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 6 38 theme transformative 1079:1092 arg1 library 1061:1067 This expression vector library 1038:1067 This expression vector library 1038:1067 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 1 39 theme complex 148:154 arg1 pathways 169:176 complex biosynthetic pathways 148:176 complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway 148:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 6 40 theme enzymes 1218:1224 arg1 applications 1196:1207 applications 1196:1207 applications of these enzymes 1196:1224 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 0 41 theme glycosylation 65:77 arg1 enzymes 79:85 human glycosylation enzymes 59:85 human glycosylation enzymes 59:85 Expression system for structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes. 29251719 4 42 theme domain 713:718 arg1 proteins 727:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins 694:734 secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts 694:769 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 4 43 theme enzyme 860:865 arg1 structure 843:851 the structure 839:851 the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII 839:900 We then expressed the enzymes as secreted catalytic domain fusion proteins in mammalian and insect cell hosts, purified and characterized a subset of the enzymes, and determined the structure of one enzyme, the sialyltransferase ST6GalNAcII. 29251719 6 44 theme enzyme 1119:1124 arg1 production 1126:1135 recombinant enzyme production 1107:1135 recombinant enzyme production 1107:1135 This expression vector library will be a transformative resource for recombinant enzyme production, broadly enabling structure-function studies and expanding applications of these enzymes in glycochemistry and glycobiology. 29251719 1 45 theme biosynthetic 156:167 arg1 pathways 169:176 complex biosynthetic pathways 148:176 complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway 148:254 Vertebrate glycoproteins and glycolipids are synthesized in complex biosynthetic pathways localized predominantly within membrane compartments of the secretory pathway. 29251719 0 46 theme human 59:63 arg1 enzymes 79:85 human glycosylation enzymes 59:85 human glycosylation enzymes 59:85 Expression system for structural and functional studies of human glycosylation enzymes. 29251719 2 47 theme recombinant 413:423 arg1 expression 425:434 their recombinant expression 407:434 their recombinant expression as functional products 407:457 The enzymes that catalyze these reactions are exquisitely specific, yet few have been extensively characterized because of challenges associated with their recombinant expression as functional products. 25794048 0 0 from effects 23:29 arg1 hydrogels 63:71 cellulosic hydrogels 52:71 cellulosic hydrogels under compression 52:89 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression. 25794048 8 1 theme different 1112:1120 arg1 hemicelluloses 1122:1135 different hemicelluloses 1112:1135 different hemicelluloses 1112:1135 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 2 2 theme arabinoxylan 376:387 arg1 contribution 346:357 the contribution 342:357 the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan 342:387 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 2 2 theme arabinoxylan 376:387 arg1 examples 392:399 examples 392:399 examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 392:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 7 3 theme elastic 1040:1046 arg1 moduli 1048:1053 the elastic moduli 1036:1053 the elastic moduli 1036:1053 In contrast, small deformation oscillatory rheology showed that only xyloglucan decreased the elastic moduli. 25794048 5 4 theme composite 779:787 arg1 strength 789:796 composite strength 779:796 composite strength 779:796 However, at slow strain rates, only xyloglucan increased composite strength. 25794048 2 5 with interactions 444:455 arg1 cellulose 462:470 cellulose 462:470 cellulose 462:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 8 6 theme hemicelluloses 1122:1135 arg1 roles 1103:1107 contrasting roles 1091:1107 contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1091:1213 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 1 7 theme interactions 126:137 arg1 consequences 170:181 the mechanical consequences 155:181 the mechanical consequences 155:181 Hemicelluloses exhibit a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood. 25794048 1 7 theme interactions 126:137 arg1 range 117:121 a range 115:121 a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood 115:238 Hemicelluloses exhibit a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood. 25794048 8 8 theme cell 1146:1149 arg1 mechanics 1156:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 2 9 theme analogues 290:298 arg1 properties 266:275 the mechanical properties 251:275 the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 251:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 8 10 theme plant 1140:1144 arg1 mechanics 1156:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 7 11 theme only 1010:1013 arg1 xyloglucan 1015:1024 only xyloglucan 1010:1024 only xyloglucan 1010:1024 In contrast, small deformation oscillatory rheology showed that only xyloglucan decreased the elastic moduli. 25794048 2 12 theme wall 285:288 arg1 analogues 290:298 cell wall analogues 280:298 cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 280:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 8 13 theme composite 1195:1203 arg1 materials 1205:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 2 14 theme hemicelluloses 408:421 arg1 contribution 346:357 the contribution 342:357 the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan 342:387 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 2 14 theme hemicelluloses 408:421 arg1 examples 392:399 examples 392:399 examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 392:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 0 15 theme mechanical 12:21 arg1 effects 23:29 Poroelastic mechanical effects 0:29 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression 0:89 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression. 25794048 1 16 with interactions 126:137 arg1 cellulose 144:152 cellulose 144:152 cellulose 144:152 Hemicelluloses exhibit a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood. 25794048 1 17 theme plant 195:199 arg1 walls 206:210 plant cell walls 195:210 plant cell walls 195:210 Hemicelluloses exhibit a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood. 25794048 0 18 theme Poroelastic 0:10 arg1 effects 23:29 Poroelastic mechanical effects 0:29 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression 0:89 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression. 25794048 8 19 theme wall 1151:1154 arg1 mechanics 1156:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 1 20 theme cell 201:204 arg1 walls 206:210 plant cell walls 195:210 plant cell walls 195:210 Hemicelluloses exhibit a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood. 25794048 8 21 theme man-made 1170:1177 arg1 materials 1205:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 8 22 theme contrasting 1091:1101 arg1 roles 1103:1107 contrasting roles 1091:1107 contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1091:1213 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 3 23 theme mechanical 503:512 arg1 pressures 514:522 mechanical pressures 503:522 mechanical pressures 503:522 We subjected the hydrogels to mechanical pressures to emulate the compressive stresses experienced by cell walls in planta. 25794048 2 24 theme cellulose 309:317 arg1 hydrogels 319:327 cellulose hydrogels 309:327 cellulose hydrogels 309:327 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 5 25 theme only 753:756 arg1 xyloglucan 758:767 only xyloglucan 753:767 only xyloglucan 753:767 However, at slow strain rates, only xyloglucan increased composite strength. 25794048 6 26 theme poroelastic 926:936 arg1 nature 938:943 their poroelastic nature 920:943 their poroelastic nature 920:943 This behaviour could be explained considering the microstructure and the flow of water through the composites confirming their poroelastic nature. 25794048 7 27 theme deformation 965:975 arg1 rheology 989:996 small deformation oscillatory rheology 959:996 small deformation oscillatory rheology 959:996 In contrast, small deformation oscillatory rheology showed that only xyloglucan decreased the elastic moduli. 25794048 4 28 theme fast 703:706 arg1 rates 715:719 fast strain rates 703:719 fast strain rates 703:719 Our results revealed that the presence of either hemicellulose increased the resistance to compression at fast strain rates. 25794048 0 29 theme hemicelluloses 34:47 arg1 effects 23:29 Poroelastic mechanical effects 0:29 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression 0:89 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression. 25794048 8 30 theme cellulose-based 1179:1193 arg1 materials 1205:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 2 31 theme different 434:442 arg1 interactions 444:455 different interactions 434:455 different interactions with cellulose 434:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 2 32 theme xyloglucan 362:371 arg1 contribution 346:357 the contribution 342:357 the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan 342:387 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 2 32 theme xyloglucan 362:371 arg1 examples 392:399 examples 392:399 examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 392:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 0 33 theme cellulosic 52:61 arg1 hydrogels 63:71 cellulosic hydrogels 52:71 cellulosic hydrogels under compression 52:89 Poroelastic mechanical effects of hemicelluloses on cellulosic hydrogels under compression. 25794048 3 34 theme compressive 539:549 arg1 stresses 551:558 the compressive stresses 535:558 the compressive stresses experienced by cell walls in planta 535:594 We subjected the hydrogels to mechanical pressures to emulate the compressive stresses experienced by cell walls in planta. 25794048 7 35 theme oscillatory 977:987 arg1 rheology 989:996 small deformation oscillatory rheology 959:996 small deformation oscillatory rheology 959:996 In contrast, small deformation oscillatory rheology showed that only xyloglucan decreased the elastic moduli. 25794048 5 36 theme slow 734:737 arg1 rates 746:750 slow strain rates 734:750 slow strain rates 734:750 However, at slow strain rates, only xyloglucan increased composite strength. 25794048 2 37 theme cell 280:283 arg1 analogues 290:298 cell wall analogues 280:298 cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 280:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 5 38 theme strain 739:744 arg1 rates 746:750 slow strain rates 734:750 slow strain rates 734:750 However, at slow strain rates, only xyloglucan increased composite strength. 25794048 1 39 theme mechanical 159:168 arg1 consequences 170:181 the mechanical consequences 155:181 the mechanical consequences 155:181 Hemicelluloses exhibit a range of interactions with cellulose, the mechanical consequences of which in plant cell walls are incompletely understood. 25794048 7 40 theme small 959:963 arg1 rheology 989:996 small deformation oscillatory rheology 959:996 small deformation oscillatory rheology 959:996 In contrast, small deformation oscillatory rheology showed that only xyloglucan decreased the elastic moduli. 25794048 4 41 theme hemicellulose 646:658 arg1 presence 627:634 the presence 623:634 the presence of either hemicellulose 623:658 Our results revealed that the presence of either hemicellulose increased the resistance to compression at fast strain rates. 25794048 6 42 theme water 880:884 arg1 microstructure 849:862 the microstructure 845:862 the microstructure 845:862 This behaviour could be explained considering the microstructure and the flow of water through the composites confirming their poroelastic nature. 25794048 6 42 theme water 880:884 arg1 flow 872:875 the flow 868:875 the flow of water through the composites confirming their poroelastic nature 868:943 This behaviour could be explained considering the microstructure and the flow of water through the composites confirming their poroelastic nature. 25794048 8 43 from roles 1103:1107 arg1 materials 1205:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 man-made cellulose-based composite materials 1170:1213 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 8 43 from roles 1103:1107 arg1 mechanics 1156:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 plant cell wall mechanics 1140:1164 These results provide evidence for contrasting roles of different hemicelluloses in plant cell wall mechanics and man-made cellulose-based composite materials. 25794048 4 44 theme strain 708:713 arg1 rates 715:719 fast strain rates 703:719 fast strain rates 703:719 Our results revealed that the presence of either hemicellulose increased the resistance to compression at fast strain rates. 25794048 2 45 theme mechanical 255:264 arg1 properties 266:275 the mechanical properties 251:275 the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose 251:470 We report the mechanical properties of cell wall analogues based on cellulose hydrogels to elucidate the contribution of xyloglucan or arabinoxylan as examples of two hemicelluloses displaying different interactions with cellulose. 25794048 3 46 theme cell 575:578 arg1 walls 580:584 cell walls 575:584 cell walls in planta 575:594 We subjected the hydrogels to mechanical pressures to emulate the compressive stresses experienced by cell walls in planta. 25794048 3 47 from walls 580:584 arg1 planta 589:594 planta 589:594 planta 589:594 We subjected the hydrogels to mechanical pressures to emulate the compressive stresses experienced by cell walls in planta. 26877148 4 0 theme PAU 726:728 arg1 E 730:730 PAU E 726:730 PAU E (1) 726:734 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 4 0 theme PAU 726:728 arg1 1 733:733 1 733:733 1 733:733 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 5 1 theme moiety 894:899 arg1 branch 872:877 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch 850:877 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 850:904 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 1 2 theme gram 255:258 arg1 bacteria 269:276 gram positive bacteria 255:276 gram positive bacteria 255:276 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 4 3 theme E 730:730 arg1 7'-keto 715:721 7'-keto 715:721 7'-keto of PAU E (1) 715:734 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 1 4 theme positive 260:267 arg1 bacteria 269:276 gram positive bacteria 255:276 gram positive bacteria 255:276 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 6 5 theme PAUs 1082:1085 arg1 13-O-acetylation 1062:1077 the 13-O-acetylation 1058:1077 the 13-O-acetylation of PAUs 1058:1085 In addition, another acyltransferase Pau24 was proposed to be responsible for the 13-O-acetylation of PAUs. 26877148 0 6 from Involvement 0:10 arg1 biosynthesis 71:82 the biosynthesis 67:82 the biosynthesis of paulomycins 67:97 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 26877148 4 7 theme paulomycose 775:785 arg1 moiety 787:792 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 744:792 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2) 744:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 3 8 theme paulomycose 582:592 arg1 moiety 594:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 0 9 theme paulomycins 87:97 arg1 biosynthesis 71:82 the biosynthesis 67:82 the biosynthesis of paulomycins 67:97 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 26877148 3 10 theme hydroxyethyl 560:571 arg1 moiety 594:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 2 11 theme hydroxyethyl 287:298 arg1 branch 300:305 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch 279:305 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch 279:305 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. 26877148 1 12 theme branched 117:124 arg1 octoses 126:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 3 13 theme gram 489:492 arg1 bacteria 503:510 gram positive bacteria 489:510 gram positive bacteria 489:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 2 14 theme C-4 283:285 arg1 branch 300:305 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch 279:305 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch 279:305 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. 26877148 4 15 theme 7'-keto 715:721 arg1 ketoreduction 698:710 the stereospecific ketoreduction 679:710 the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2) 679:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 1 16 theme several 175:181 arg1 genera 183:188 several genera 175:188 several genera of gram negative bacteria 175:214 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 4 17 theme novel 604:608 arg1 aldo-keto-reductase 610:628 A novel aldo-keto-reductase 602:628 A novel aldo-keto-reductase 602:628 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 4 17 theme novel 604:608 arg1 enzyme 661:666 the enzyme 657:666 the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2) 657:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 4 17 theme novel 604:608 arg1 Pau7 631:634 Pau7 631:634 Pau7 631:634 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 5 18 theme diverse 966:972 arg1 PAUs 974:977 diverse PAUs 966:977 diverse PAUs 966:977 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 1 19 theme genera 183:188 arg1 polysaccharides 156:170 polysaccharides 156:170 polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria 156:214 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 4 20 theme stereospecific 683:696 arg1 ketoreduction 698:710 the stereospecific ketoreduction 679:710 the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2) 679:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 5 21 theme fatty 927:931 arg1 chains 938:943 various fatty acyl chains 919:943 various fatty acyl chains 919:943 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 1 22 located observed 144:151 arg1 polysaccharides 156:170 polysaccharides 156:170 polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria 156:214 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 1 22 located observed 144:151 arg2 octoses 126:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 3 23 theme glycosylated 424:435 arg1 Paulomycins 401:411 Paulomycins 401:411 Paulomycins (PAUs) 401:418 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 3 23 theme glycosylated 424:435 arg1 antibiotics 437:447 glycosylated antibiotics 424:447 glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria 424:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 5 24 theme acyl 933:936 arg1 chains 938:943 various fatty acyl chains 919:943 various fatty acyl chains 919:943 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 2 25 theme ketoreduction 381:393 arg1 step 395:398 an uncharacterized ketoreduction step 362:398 an uncharacterized ketoreduction step 362:398 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. 26877148 0 26 theme octose 18:23 arg1 ketoreductase 25:37 an octose ketoreductase 15:37 an octose ketoreductase 15:37 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 26877148 1 27 theme C-4 100:102 arg1 octoses 126:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 1 28 theme negative 198:205 arg1 bacteria 207:214 gram negative bacteria 193:214 gram negative bacteria 193:214 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 5 29 theme acyltransferase 811:825 arg1 Pau6 827:830 An acyltransferase Pau6 808:830 An acyltransferase Pau6 808:830 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 3 30 theme unique 548:553 arg1 moiety 594:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 1 31 theme hydroxyethyl 104:115 arg1 octoses 126:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses 100:132 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 1 32 theme bacteria 207:214 arg1 genera 183:188 several genera 175:188 several genera of gram negative bacteria 175:214 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 1 33 theme gram 193:196 arg1 bacteria 207:214 gram negative bacteria 193:214 gram negative bacteria 193:214 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 3 34 theme inhibitory 461:470 arg1 activity 472:479 potent inhibitory activity 454:479 potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria 454:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 0 35 theme ketoreductase 25:37 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 0:98 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 26877148 5 36 theme hydroxyethyl 859:870 arg1 branch 872:877 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch 850:877 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 850:904 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 4 37 theme branched 766:773 arg1 moiety 787:792 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 744:792 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2) 744:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 0 38 theme acyltransferases 47:62 arg1 Involvement 0:10 Involvement 0:10 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 0:98 Involvement of an octose ketoreductase and two acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of paulomycins. 26877148 2 39 theme acetyl 345:350 arg1 branch 352:357 C-4 acetyl branch 341:357 C-4 acetyl branch 341:357 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. 26877148 3 40 with antibiotics 437:447 arg1 activity 472:479 potent inhibitory activity 454:479 potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria 454:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 2 41 theme C-4 341:343 arg1 branch 352:357 C-4 acetyl branch 341:357 C-4 acetyl branch 341:357 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. 26877148 4 42 dep branched 766:773 arg1 ' 751:751 ' 751:751 ' 751:751 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 4 43 theme F 801:801 arg1 moiety 787:792 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 744:792 the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2) 744:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 3 44 theme positive 494:501 arg1 bacteria 503:510 gram positive bacteria 489:510 gram positive bacteria 489:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 3 45 theme branched 573:580 arg1 moiety 594:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety 544:599 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 1 46 theme various 223:229 arg1 antibiotics 231:241 various antibiotics 223:241 various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria 223:276 C-4 hydroxyethyl branched octoses have been observed in polysaccharides of several genera of gram negative bacteria and in various antibiotics produced by gram positive bacteria. 26877148 5 47 theme 2 904:904 arg1 moiety 894:899 paulomycose moiety 882:899 paulomycose moiety of 2 882:904 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 4 48 theme PAU 797:799 arg1 2 804:804 2 804:804 2 804:804 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 4 48 theme PAU 797:799 arg1 F 801:801 PAU F 797:801 PAU F (2) 797:805 A novel aldo-keto-reductase, Pau7 was characterized as the enzyme catalyzing the stereospecific ketoreduction of 7'-keto of PAU E (1) to give the C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety of PAU F (2). 26877148 5 49 theme various 919:925 arg1 chains 938:943 various fatty acyl chains 919:943 various fatty acyl chains 919:943 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26877148 6 50 theme acyltransferase 1001:1015 arg1 Pau24 1017:1021 another acyltransferase Pau24 993:1021 another acyltransferase Pau24 993:1021 In addition, another acyltransferase Pau24 was proposed to be responsible for the 13-O-acetylation of PAUs. 26877148 2 51 theme uncharacterized 365:379 arg1 step 395:398 an uncharacterized ketoreduction step 362:398 an uncharacterized ketoreduction step 362:398 The C-4 hydroxyethyl branch was proposed to be converted from C-4 acetyl branch by an uncharacterized ketoreduction step. 26877148 3 52 theme potent 454:459 arg1 activity 472:479 potent inhibitory activity 454:479 potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria 454:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 3 53 gly glycosylated 424:435 arg1 Paulomycins 401:411 Paulomycins 401:411 Paulomycins (PAUs) 401:418 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 3 53 gly glycosylated 424:435 arg1 antibiotics 437:447 glycosylated antibiotics 424:447 glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria 424:510 Paulomycins (PAUs) are glycosylated antibiotics with potent inhibitory activity against gram positive bacteria and are structurally defined by its unique C-4' hydroxyethyl branched paulomycose moiety. 26877148 5 54 theme paulomycose 882:892 arg1 moiety 894:899 paulomycose moiety 882:899 paulomycose moiety of 2 882:904 An acyltransferase Pau6 further decorates the C-4' hydroxyethyl branch of paulomycose moiety of 2 by attaching various fatty acyl chains to 7'-OH to generate diverse PAUs. 26999763 7 0 theme current 1291:1297 arg1 strategies 1311:1320 current vaccination strategies 1291:1320 current vaccination strategies 1291:1320 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 5 1 theme -induced 736:743 arg1 enhancement 745:755 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement 723:755 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming 723:779 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 5 1 theme -induced 736:743 arg1 MGL1-dependent 784:797 MGL1-dependent 784:797 MGL1-dependent 784:797 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 7 2 theme vaccination 1299:1309 arg1 strategies 1311:1320 current vaccination strategies 1291:1320 current vaccination strategies 1291:1320 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 3 dep nature 1211:1216 arg1 the 1207:1209 the 1207:1209 the 1207:1209 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 4 4 theme OVA 573:575 arg1 cross-presentation 544:561 cross-presentation 544:561 cross-presentation of native OVA 544:575 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 7 5 gly neo-glycosylation 1118:1134 arg1 antigens 1139:1146 antigens 1139:1146 antigens 1139:1146 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 3 6 theme Th1 462:464 arg1 skewing 466:472 Th1 skewing 462:472 Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells 462:490 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 7 7 theme immune 1234:1239 arg1 responses 1241:1249 immune responses 1234:1249 immune responses 1234:1249 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 6 8 theme LAMP1 1067:1071 arg1 compartments 1076:1087 Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1059:1087 Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1059:1087 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 0 9 from routing 56:62 arg1 cells 77:81 dendritic cells 67:81 dendritic cells 67:81 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 6 10 theme intracellular 1023:1035 arg1 storage 1037:1043 prolonged intracellular storage 1013:1043 prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1013:1087 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 5 11 theme cross-priming 767:779 arg1 enhancement 745:755 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement 723:755 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming 723:779 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 5 11 theme cross-priming 767:779 arg1 MGL1-dependent 784:797 MGL1-dependent 784:797 MGL1-dependent 784:797 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 5 12 theme reduced 811:817 arg1 CD8 819:821 reduced CD8 811:821 reduced CD8 811:821 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 1 13 theme glycan 266:271 arg1 structures 273:282 glycan structures 266:282 glycan structures 266:282 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 0 14 theme T 105:105 arg1 cells 107:111 T cells 105:111 T cells 105:111 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 4 15 theme antigen 591:597 arg1 dose 599:602 high antigen dose 586:602 high antigen dose 586:602 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 6 16 theme OVA-Le 924:929 arg1 cross-presentation 902:919 MGL1-mediated cross-presentation 888:919 MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) 888:932 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 2 17 dep Lewis 360:364 arg1 X 373:373 X 373:373 X 373:373 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 2 17 dep Lewis 360:364 arg1 Le 370:371 Le 370:371 Le(X) 370:374 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 1 18 theme intracellular 152:164 arg1 routing 166:172 intracellular routing 152:172 intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments 152:209 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 2 19 with modification 302:313 arg1 X 366:366 X 366:366 X 366:366 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 2 19 with modification 302:313 arg1 Lewis 360:364 the glycan-structure Lewis 339:364 the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) 339:375 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 7 20 theme antigens 1139:1146 arg1 neo-glycosylation 1118:1134 controlled neo-glycosylation 1107:1134 controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens 1107:1146 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 6 21 from storage 1037:1043 arg1 compartments 1076:1087 Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1059:1087 Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1059:1087 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 7 22 theme intracellular 1172:1184 arg1 nature 1211:1216 nature 1211:1216 nature 1211:1216 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 22 theme intracellular 1172:1184 arg1 routing 1186:1192 intracellular routing 1172:1192 intracellular routing of antigens 1172:1204 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 22 theme intracellular 1172:1184 arg1 strength 1222:1229 strength 1222:1229 strength 1222:1229 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 4 23 from dependence 694:703 arg1 signaling 712:720 TLR signaling 708:720 TLR signaling 708:720 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 7 24 theme responses 1241:1249 arg1 nature 1211:1216 nature 1211:1216 nature 1211:1216 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 24 theme responses 1241:1249 arg1 routing 1186:1192 intracellular routing 1172:1192 intracellular routing of antigens 1172:1204 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 24 theme responses 1241:1249 arg1 strength 1222:1229 strength 1222:1229 strength 1222:1229 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 3 25 theme OVA 450:452 arg1 -modification 433:445 Le(X)-modification 428:445 Le(X)-modification of OVA 428:452 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 0 26 theme Glycan 0:5 arg1 modification 7:18 Glycan modification 0:18 Glycan modification of antigen 0:29 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 6 27 theme antigen 1048:1054 arg1 storage 1037:1043 prolonged intracellular storage 1013:1043 prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1013:1087 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 4 28 theme TLR 708:710 arg1 signaling 712:720 TLR signaling 708:720 TLR signaling 708:720 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 4 29 theme TLR 608:610 arg1 stimuli 612:618 TLR stimuli 608:618 TLR stimuli 608:618 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 1 30 theme antigens 177:184 arg1 uptake 122:127 Antigen uptake 114:127 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells 114:146 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 1 30 theme antigens 177:184 arg1 routing 166:172 intracellular routing 152:172 intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments 152:209 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 0 31 theme antigen 23:29 arg1 modification 7:18 Glycan modification 0:18 Glycan modification of antigen 0:29 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 5 32 theme effector 826:833 arg1 frequencies 842:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies 811:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice 811:875 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 3 33 theme T 484:484 arg1 cells 486:490 CD4(+) T cells 477:490 CD4(+) T cells 477:490 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 4 34 theme Le 621:622 arg1 modification 627:638 Le(X) modification 621:638 Le(X) modification 621:638 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 5 35 theme cell 837:840 arg1 frequencies 842:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies 811:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice 811:875 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 0 36 theme cells 107:111 arg1 priming 94:100 priming 94:100 priming of T cells 94:111 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 3 37 theme CD4 477:479 arg1 cells 486:490 CD4(+) T cells 477:490 CD4(+) T cells 477:490 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 1 38 theme specific 189:196 arg1 compartments 198:209 specific compartments 189:209 specific compartments 189:209 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 2 39 theme receptor 413:420 arg1 MGL1 422:425 the C-type lectin receptor MGL1 395:425 the C-type lectin receptor MGL1 395:425 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 5 40 theme T 760:760 arg1 cross-priming 767:779 T cell cross-priming 760:779 T cell cross-priming 760:779 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 3 41 theme T 529:529 arg1 cells 531:535 CD8(+) T cells 522:535 CD8(+) T cells 522:535 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 3 42 theme cells 486:490 arg1 cross-priming 505:517 enhanced cross-priming 496:517 enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells 496:535 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 3 42 theme cells 486:490 arg1 skewing 466:472 Th1 skewing 462:472 Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells 462:490 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 5 43 from frequencies 842:852 arg1 mice 872:875 MGL1-deficient mice 857:875 MGL1-deficient mice 857:875 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 7 44 theme controlled 1107:1116 arg1 neo-glycosylation 1118:1134 controlled neo-glycosylation 1107:1134 controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens 1107:1146 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 2 45 theme lectin 406:411 arg1 MGL1 422:425 the C-type lectin receptor MGL1 395:425 the C-type lectin receptor MGL1 395:425 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 2 46 theme C-type 399:404 arg1 MGL1 422:425 the C-type lectin receptor MGL1 395:425 the C-type lectin receptor MGL1 395:425 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 3 47 theme Le 428:429 arg1 -modification 433:445 Le(X)-modification 428:445 Le(X)-modification of OVA 428:452 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 0 48 theme intracellular 42:54 arg1 routing 56:62 its intracellular routing 38:62 its intracellular routing in dendritic cells 38:81 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 6 49 theme MGL1-mediated 888:900 arg1 cross-presentation 902:919 MGL1-mediated cross-presentation 888:919 MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) 888:932 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 5 50 theme MGL1-deficient 857:870 arg1 mice 872:875 MGL1-deficient mice 857:875 MGL1-deficient mice 857:875 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 1 51 theme dendritic 132:140 arg1 cells 142:146 dendritic cells 132:146 dendritic cells 132:146 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 4 52 theme high 586:589 arg1 dose 599:602 high antigen dose 586:602 high antigen dose 586:602 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 5 53 theme T 835:835 arg1 frequencies 842:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies 811:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice 811:875 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 7 54 theme antigens 1197:1204 arg1 nature 1211:1216 nature 1211:1216 nature 1211:1216 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 54 theme antigens 1197:1204 arg1 routing 1186:1192 intracellular routing 1172:1192 intracellular routing of antigens 1172:1204 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 7 54 theme antigens 1197:1204 arg1 strength 1222:1229 strength 1222:1229 strength 1222:1229 We conclude that controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can crucially influence intracellular routing of antigens, the nature and strength of immune responses and should be considered for optimizing current vaccination strategies. 26999763 6 55 theme Rab11 1059:1063 arg1 compartments 1076:1087 Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1059:1087 Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1059:1087 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 1 56 theme Antigen 114:120 arg1 uptake 122:127 Antigen uptake 114:127 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells 114:146 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 3 57 theme cells 531:535 arg1 cross-priming 505:517 enhanced cross-priming 496:517 enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells 496:535 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 3 57 theme cells 531:535 arg1 skewing 466:472 Th1 skewing 462:472 Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells 462:490 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 3 58 theme CD8 522:524 arg1 cells 531:535 CD8(+) T cells 522:535 CD8(+) T cells 522:535 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 2 59 theme Ovalbumin 318:326 arg1 modification 302:313 the modification 298:313 the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) 298:375 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 5 60 theme cell 762:765 arg1 cross-priming 767:779 T cell cross-priming 760:779 T cell cross-priming 760:779 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 0 61 theme dendritic 67:75 arg1 cells 77:81 dendritic cells 67:81 dendritic cells 67:81 Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells. 26999763 5 62 theme CD8 819:821 arg1 frequencies 842:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies 811:852 reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice 811:875 The OVA-Le(X)-induced enhancement of T cell cross-priming is MGL1-dependent as shown by reduced CD8(+) effector T cell frequencies in MGL1-deficient mice. 26999763 3 63 theme enhanced 496:503 arg1 cross-priming 505:517 enhanced cross-priming 496:517 enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells 496:535 Le(X)-modification of OVA favored Th1 skewing of CD4(+) T cells and enhanced cross-priming of CD8(+) T cells. 26999763 4 64 theme native 566:571 arg1 OVA 573:575 native OVA 566:575 native OVA 566:575 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 6 65 theme prolonged 1013:1021 arg1 storage 1037:1043 prolonged intracellular storage 1013:1043 prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments 1013:1087 Moreover, MGL1-mediated cross-presentation of OVA-Le(X) neither required TAP-transporters nor Cathepsin-S and was still observed after prolonged intracellular storage of antigen in Rab11(+)LAMP1(+) compartments. 26999763 1 66 theme C-type 227:232 arg1 receptors 241:249 C-type lectin receptors 227:249 C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures 227:282 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 26999763 4 67 theme required 652:659 arg1 amount 661:666 the required amount 648:666 the required amount 648:666 While cross-presentation of native OVA requires high antigen dose and TLR stimuli, Le(X) modification reduces the required amount 100-fold and obviates its dependence on TLR signaling. 26999763 2 68 theme glycan-structure 343:358 arg1 X 366:366 X 366:366 X 366:366 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 2 68 theme glycan-structure 343:358 arg1 Lewis 360:364 the glycan-structure Lewis 339:364 the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) 339:375 We show that the modification of Ovalbumin (OVA) with the glycan-structure Lewis(X) (Le(X)) re-directs OVA to the C-type lectin receptor MGL1. 26999763 1 69 theme lectin 234:239 arg1 receptors 241:249 C-type lectin receptors 227:249 C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures 227:282 Antigen uptake by dendritic cells and intracellular routing of antigens to specific compartments is regulated by C-type lectin receptors that recognize glycan structures. 24334234 1 0 theme preactivation-based 221:239 arg1 glycosylation 241:253 preactivation-based glycosylation 221:253 preactivation-based glycosylation 221:253 Thioglycosides are widely used in orthogonal glycosylation, armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation, and preactivation-based glycosylation. 24334234 3 1 theme glycosylation 479:491 arg1 applications 443:454 the applications 439:454 the applications of preactivation-based glycosylation to some extent 439:506 This problem was also encountered in preactivation-based reactions, which limited the applications of preactivation-based glycosylation to some extent. 24334234 6 2 theme preactivation-based 868:886 arg1 assembly 912:919 preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly 868:919 preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly 868:919 Moreover, these thioglycosides were employed in preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly. 24334234 4 3 theme building 622:629 arg1 ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 561:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 4 3 theme building 622:629 arg1 blocks 631:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 5 4 theme donors 791:796 arg1 reactions 769:777 the reactions 765:777 the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors 765:817 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 5 5 theme disarmed 782:789 arg1 donors 791:796 disarmed donors 782:796 disarmed donors with armed acceptors 782:817 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 6 6 theme oligosaccharide 896:910 arg1 assembly 912:919 preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly 868:919 preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly 868:919 Moreover, these thioglycosides were employed in preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly. 24334234 3 7 theme preactivation-based 459:477 arg1 glycosylation 479:491 preactivation-based glycosylation 459:491 preactivation-based glycosylation 459:491 This problem was also encountered in preactivation-based reactions, which limited the applications of preactivation-based glycosylation to some extent. 24334234 5 8 theme reactions 740:748 arg1 efficiency 708:717 the efficiency 704:717 the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions 704:748 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 6 9 theme one-pot 888:894 arg1 assembly 912:919 preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly 868:919 preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly 868:919 Moreover, these thioglycosides were employed in preactivation-based one-pot oligosaccharide assembly. 24334234 5 10 theme armed 803:807 arg1 acceptors 809:817 armed acceptors 803:817 armed acceptors 803:817 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 5 11 theme aglycon 674:680 arg1 transfer 682:689 the aglycon transfer 670:689 the aglycon transfer 670:689 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 2 12 theme aglycon 270:276 arg1 transfer 278:285 aglycon transfer 270:285 aglycon transfer 270:285 Nevertheless, aglycon transfer occasionally occurred in the glycosylation process of thioglycosides. 24334234 0 13 theme building 45:52 arg1 blocks 54:59 glycosyl building blocks 36:59 glycosyl building blocks for preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis 36:109 ortho-Methylphenylthioglycosides as glycosyl building blocks for preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis. 24334234 0 14 theme glycosyl 36:43 arg1 blocks 54:59 glycosyl building blocks 36:59 glycosyl building blocks for preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis 36:109 ortho-Methylphenylthioglycosides as glycosyl building blocks for preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis. 24334234 1 15 theme orthogonal 146:155 arg1 glycosylation 157:169 orthogonal glycosylation 146:169 orthogonal glycosylation 146:169 Thioglycosides are widely used in orthogonal glycosylation, armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation, and preactivation-based glycosylation. 24334234 4 16 theme glycosyl 613:620 arg1 ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 561:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 4 16 theme glycosyl 613:620 arg1 blocks 631:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 2 17 theme glycosylation 316:328 arg1 process 330:336 the glycosylation process 312:336 the glycosylation process of thioglycosides 312:354 Nevertheless, aglycon transfer occasionally occurred in the glycosylation process of thioglycosides. 24334234 0 18 theme oligosaccharide 85:99 arg1 synthesis 101:109 preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis 65:109 preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis 65:109 ortho-Methylphenylthioglycosides as glycosyl building blocks for preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis. 24334234 0 19 theme preactivation-based 65:83 arg1 synthesis 101:109 preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis 65:109 preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis 65:109 ortho-Methylphenylthioglycosides as glycosyl building blocks for preactivation-based oligosaccharide synthesis. 24334234 4 20 theme hindered 544:551 arg1 ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 561:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 4 20 theme hindered 544:551 arg1 blocks 631:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 5 21 theme glycosyl 722:729 arg1 reactions 740:748 glycosyl coupling reactions 722:748 glycosyl coupling reactions 722:748 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 5 22 with donors 791:796 arg1 acceptors 809:817 armed acceptors 803:817 armed acceptors 803:817 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 5 23 theme coupling 731:738 arg1 reactions 740:748 glycosyl coupling reactions 722:748 glycosyl coupling reactions 722:748 These thioglycosides prevented the aglycon transfer and enhanced the efficiency of glycosyl coupling reactions, especially in the reactions of disarmed donors with armed acceptors. 24334234 1 24 used used 138:141 arg2 Thioglycosides 112:125 Thioglycosides 112:125 Thioglycosides 112:125 Thioglycosides are widely used in orthogonal glycosylation, armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation, and preactivation-based glycosylation. 24334234 3 25 theme preactivation-based 394:412 arg1 reactions 414:422 preactivation-based reactions 394:422 preactivation-based reactions 394:422 This problem was also encountered in preactivation-based reactions, which limited the applications of preactivation-based glycosylation to some extent. 24334234 1 26 theme chemoselective 187:200 arg1 glycosylation 202:214 armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation 172:214 armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation 172:214 Thioglycosides are widely used in orthogonal glycosylation, armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation, and preactivation-based glycosylation. 24334234 1 27 theme armed-disarmed 172:185 arg1 glycosylation 202:214 armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation 172:214 armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation 172:214 Thioglycosides are widely used in orthogonal glycosylation, armed-disarmed chemoselective glycosylation, and preactivation-based glycosylation. 24334234 4 28 theme aglycon 553:559 arg1 ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 561:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides 533:592 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 4 28 theme aglycon 553:559 arg1 blocks 631:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 glycosyl building blocks 613:636 To tackle this problem, sterically hindered aglycon ortho-methylphenylthioglycosides were introduced as glycosyl building blocks. 24334234 2 29 theme thioglycosides 341:354 arg1 process 330:336 the glycosylation process 312:336 the glycosylation process of thioglycosides 312:354 Nevertheless, aglycon transfer occasionally occurred in the glycosylation process of thioglycosides. 27987979 4 0 contain contains 722:729 arg2 greenery 713:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 4 0 contain contains 722:729 arg2 pectin 779:784 water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin 738:784 water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin 738:784 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 4 0 contain contains 722:729 arg1 contrast 690:697 contrast 690:697 contrast 690:697 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 4 0 contain contains 722:729 arg1 greenery 713:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 3 1 theme spruce 499:504 arg1 greenery 506:513 Norway spruce greenery 492:513 Norway spruce greenery 492:513 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 1 2 theme thin 253:256 arg1 branches 258:265 thin branches 253:265 thin branches with needles 253:278 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 0 3 from dynamics 9:16 arg1 spruce 47:52 Norway spruce 40:52 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 40:66 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 0 3 from dynamics 9:16 arg1 abies 61:65 Picea abies 55:65 Picea abies 55:65 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 1 4 theme pectin- 150:156 arg1 polysaccharides 193:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 3 5 contain contains 515:522 arg1 greenery 506:513 Norway spruce greenery 492:513 Norway spruce greenery 492:513 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 3 5 contain contains 515:522 arg2 pectin 548:553 lowly methyl-esterified pectin 524:553 lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds 524:684 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 4 6 theme water-extracted 738:752 arg1 pectin 779:784 water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin 738:784 water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin 738:784 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 6 7 theme revealed 995:1002 arg1 regularities 1004:1015 The revealed regularities 991:1015 The revealed regularities 991:1015 The revealed regularities indicate that there is a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds, probably determined by genetic factors. 27987979 5 8 theme pectic 967:972 arg1 polysaccharides 974:988 the pectic polysaccharides 963:988 the pectic polysaccharides 963:988 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 4 9 theme methyl-esterified 761:777 arg1 pectin 779:784 water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin 738:784 water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin 738:784 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 4 10 dep contains 722:729 arg1 bound 794:798 bound 794:798 bound to cell wall components 794:822 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 1 11 from composition 135:145 arg1 dynamics 76:83 Annual dynamics 69:83 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 69:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 3 12 theme methyl-esterified 530:546 arg1 pectin 548:553 lowly methyl-esterified pectin 524:553 lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds 524:684 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 2 13 theme fir 398:400 arg1 polysaccharides 370:384 polysaccharides 370:384 polysaccharides of Siberian fir 370:400 The polysaccharides were compared with polysaccharides of Siberian fir according to the yields, composition and content of typical components. 27987979 5 14 theme Norway 906:911 arg1 spruce 913:918 Norway spruce 906:918 Norway spruce 906:918 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 1 15 theme arabinan- 159:167 arg1 polysaccharides 193:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 1 16 theme Annual 69:74 arg1 dynamics 76:83 Annual dynamics 69:83 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 69:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 2 17 theme Siberian 389:396 arg1 fir 398:400 Siberian fir 389:400 Siberian fir 389:400 The polysaccharides were compared with polysaccharides of Siberian fir according to the yields, composition and content of typical components. 27987979 0 18 theme Seasonal 0:7 arg1 dynamics 9:16 Seasonal dynamics 0:16 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies) 0:66 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 1 19 theme galactan-containing 173:191 arg1 polysaccharides 193:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 0 20 theme polysaccharides 21:35 arg1 dynamics 9:16 Seasonal dynamics 0:16 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies) 0:66 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 4 21 theme wall 808:811 arg1 components 813:822 cell wall components 803:822 cell wall components 803:822 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 1 22 from changes 105:111 arg1 composition 135:145 the monosaccharide composition 116:145 the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 116:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 3 23 theme ammonium 570:577 arg1 part 599:602 a part 597:602 a part of protopectic complex 597:625 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 3 23 theme ammonium 570:577 arg1 oxalate 579:585 ammonium oxalate 570:585 ammonium oxalate 570:585 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 6 24 theme compounds 1083:1091 arg1 accumulation 1063:1074 accumulation 1063:1074 accumulation of the compounds 1063:1091 The revealed regularities indicate that there is a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds, probably determined by genetic factors. 27987979 1 25 theme polysaccharides 193:207 arg1 composition 135:145 the monosaccharide composition 116:145 the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 116:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 1 26 theme Norway 284:289 arg1 spruce 291:296 Norway spruce 284:296 Norway spruce 284:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 5 27 theme polysaccharides 974:988 arg1 isolation 950:958 isolation 950:958 isolation of the pectic polysaccharides 950:988 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 1 28 dep greenery 243:250 arg1 branches 258:265 thin branches 253:265 thin branches with needles 253:278 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 1 29 theme accumulation 88:99 arg1 dynamics 76:83 Annual dynamics 69:83 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 69:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 6 30 theme genetic 1117:1123 arg1 factors 1125:1131 genetic factors 1117:1131 genetic factors 1117:1131 The revealed regularities indicate that there is a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds, probably determined by genetic factors. 27987979 0 31 theme Norway 40:45 arg1 spruce 47:52 Norway spruce 40:52 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 40:66 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 0 31 theme Norway 40:45 arg1 abies 61:65 Picea abies 55:65 Picea abies 55:65 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 1 32 theme spruce 291:296 arg1 greenery 243:250 greenery 243:250 greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 243:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 5 33 theme optimal 878:884 arg1 time 886:889 the optimal time 874:889 the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides 874:988 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 5 33 theme optimal 878:884 arg1 period 864:869 an autumn-winter period 847:869 an autumn-winter period 847:869 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 1 34 theme binding 213:219 arg1 glycans 221:227 binding glycans 213:227 binding glycans 213:227 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 1 35 attach isolated 229:236 arg1 greenery 243:250 greenery 243:250 greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 243:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 1 35 attach isolated 229:236 arg2 polysaccharides 193:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides 150:207 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 5 36 theme autumn-winter 850:862 arg1 time 886:889 the optimal time 874:889 the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides 874:988 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 5 36 theme autumn-winter 850:862 arg1 period 864:869 an autumn-winter period 847:869 an autumn-winter period 847:869 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 1 37 theme glycans 221:227 arg1 composition 135:145 the monosaccharide composition 116:145 the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 116:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 2 38 theme components 462:471 arg1 content 443:449 content 443:449 content 443:449 The polysaccharides were compared with polysaccharides of Siberian fir according to the yields, composition and content of typical components. 27987979 2 38 theme components 462:471 arg1 composition 427:437 composition 427:437 composition 427:437 The polysaccharides were compared with polysaccharides of Siberian fir according to the yields, composition and content of typical components. 27987979 2 38 theme components 462:471 arg1 yields 419:424 the yields 415:424 the yields 415:424 The polysaccharides were compared with polysaccharides of Siberian fir according to the yields, composition and content of typical components. 27987979 6 39 theme certain 1042:1048 arg1 biorhythm 1050:1058 a certain biorhythm 1040:1058 a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds 1040:1091 The revealed regularities indicate that there is a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds, probably determined by genetic factors. 27987979 4 40 theme Siberian 700:707 arg1 greenery 713:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 2 41 theme typical 454:460 arg1 components 462:471 typical components 454:471 typical components 454:471 The polysaccharides were compared with polysaccharides of Siberian fir according to the yields, composition and content of typical components. 27987979 1 42 theme changes 105:111 arg1 dynamics 76:83 Annual dynamics 69:83 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 69:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 4 43 theme cell 803:806 arg1 components 813:822 cell wall components 803:822 cell wall components 803:822 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 3 44 theme ionic 674:678 arg1 bonds 680:684 ionic bonds 674:684 ionic bonds 674:684 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 1 45 with branches 258:265 arg1 needles 272:278 needles 272:278 needles 272:278 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 5 46 theme Siberian 924:931 arg1 greenery 937:944 Siberian fir greenery 924:944 Siberian fir greenery 924:944 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 1 47 from accumulation 88:99 arg1 composition 135:145 the monosaccharide composition 116:145 the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 116:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 3 48 theme cell 659:662 arg1 walls 664:668 cell walls 659:668 cell walls 659:668 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 4 49 theme fir 709:711 arg1 greenery 713:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 Siberian fir greenery 700:720 In contrast, Siberian fir greenery contains mainly water-extracted highly methyl-esterified pectin, weakly bound to cell wall components. 27987979 5 50 theme fir 933:935 arg1 greenery 937:944 Siberian fir greenery 924:944 Siberian fir greenery 924:944 It was concluded that an autumn-winter period is the optimal time for harvesting Norway spruce and Siberian fir greenery for isolation of the pectic polysaccharides. 27987979 3 51 theme walls 664:668 arg1 components 645:654 components 645:654 components of cell walls 645:668 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 3 52 theme protopectic 607:617 arg1 complex 619:625 protopectic complex 607:625 protopectic complex 607:625 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 6 53 theme accumulation 1063:1074 arg1 biorhythm 1050:1058 a certain biorhythm 1040:1058 a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds 1040:1091 The revealed regularities indicate that there is a certain biorhythm of accumulation of the compounds, probably determined by genetic factors. 27987979 1 54 theme monosaccharide 120:133 arg1 composition 135:145 the monosaccharide composition 116:145 the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 116:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 1 55 from dynamics 76:83 arg1 composition 135:145 the monosaccharide composition 116:145 the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce 116:296 Annual dynamics of accumulation and changes in the monosaccharide composition of pectin-, arabinan- and galactan-containing polysaccharides and binding glycans isolated from greenery (thin branches with needles) of Norway spruce were investigated in this study. 27987979 0 56 theme Picea 55:59 arg1 spruce 47:52 Norway spruce 40:52 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 40:66 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 0 56 theme Picea 55:59 arg1 abies 61:65 Picea abies 55:65 Picea abies 55:65 Seasonal dynamics of polysaccharides in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 27987979 3 57 theme complex 619:625 arg1 part 599:602 a part 597:602 a part of protopectic complex 597:625 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 3 57 theme complex 619:625 arg1 oxalate 579:585 ammonium oxalate 570:585 ammonium oxalate 570:585 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 27987979 3 58 theme Norway 492:497 arg1 spruce 499:504 Norway spruce 492:504 Norway spruce greenery 492:513 It was shown that Norway spruce greenery contains lowly methyl-esterified pectin extracted with ammonium oxalate, which is a part of protopectic complex and is bound with components of cell walls via ionic bonds. 29119999 11 0 theme glycoproteomic 2158:2171 arg1 analysis 2173:2180 large-scale glycoproteomic analysis 2146:2180 large-scale glycoproteomic analysis 2146:2180 The potential of this method for large-scale glycoproteomic analysis is discussed. 29119999 6 1 theme IM 1211:1212 arg1 dimension 1215:1223 an ion mobility (IM) dimension 1194:1223 an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time 1194:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 3 2 theme ion 627:629 arg1 dissociation 723:734 electron transfer dissociation 705:734 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 705:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 2 theme ion 627:629 arg1 dissociation 682:693 collision-induced dissociation 664:693 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 664:699 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 2 theme ion 627:629 arg1 techniques 645:654 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques 613:654 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 613:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 10 3 theme ETD 1929:1931 arg1 events 1933:1938 IM-resolved CID and ETD events 1909:1938 events 1933:1938 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 4 4 theme inquiry 979:985 arg1 depth 943:947 depth 943:947 depth 943:947 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 4 4 theme inquiry 979:985 arg1 breadth 931:937 breadth 931:937 breadth 931:937 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 9 5 dep 6.5 1743:1745 arg1 to 1740:1741 to 1740:1741 to 1740:1741 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 1 6 theme spectrometry 232:243 arg1 analyses 287:294 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses 208:294 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses 208:294 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 5 7 theme developed 1007:1015 arg1 method 1017:1022 a previously developed method 994:1022 a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD 994:1050 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 0 8 theme mass-selected 168:180 arg1 population 196:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 1 9 theme mass 261:264 arg1 MS/MS 280:284 MS/MS 280:284 MS/MS 280:284 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 1 9 theme mass 261:264 arg1 spectrometry 266:277 tandem mass spectrometry 254:277 tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 254:285 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 10 10 theme acid 2055:2058 arg1 residues 2060:2067 32 amino acid residues 2046:2067 32 amino acid residues 2046:2067 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 0 11 theme ion 192:194 arg1 population 196:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 3 12 theme transfer 714:721 arg1 dissociation 723:734 electron transfer dissociation 705:734 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 705:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 12 theme transfer 714:721 arg1 ETD 737:739 ETD 737:739 ETD 737:739 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 5 13 theme ETD 1048:1050 arg1 method 1017:1022 a previously developed method 994:1022 a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD 994:1050 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 6 14 theme dissociation 1136:1147 arg1 methods 1149:1155 the two dissociation methods 1128:1155 the two dissociation methods 1128:1155 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 9 15 theme high 1843:1846 arg1 mannose 1848:1854 high mannose 1843:1854 high mannose 1843:1854 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 8 16 theme separate 1561:1568 arg1 CID 1570:1572 separate CID 1561:1572 separate CID 1561:1572 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 2 17 theme fragmentation 590:602 arg1 spectra 604:610 multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 575:610 multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 575:610 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 10 18 theme acid 2097:2100 arg1 residues 2102:2109 eight amino acid residues 2085:2109 eight amino acid residues 2085:2109 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 1 19 theme Glycopeptide-level 208:225 arg1 MS 246:247 MS 246:247 MS 246:247 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 1 19 theme Glycopeptide-level 208:225 arg1 spectrometry 232:243 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry 208:243 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) 208:248 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 9 20 theme complex 1861:1867 arg1 types 1869:1873 complex types 1861:1873 complex types 1861:1873 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 0 21 theme orthogonal 118:127 arg1 information 142:152 orthogonal connectivity information 118:152 orthogonal connectivity information 118:152 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 1 22 theme gaining 411:417 arg1 insights 438:445 gaining structure-function insights 411:445 gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins 411:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 0 23 gly N-glycopeptides 91:105 arg2 N-glycopeptides 91:105 N-glycopeptides 91:105 N-glycopeptides 91:105 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 4 24 theme considerable 897:908 arg1 limitations 910:920 considerable limitations 897:920 considerable limitations 897:920 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 6 25 from time 1267:1270 arg1 stages 1248:1253 the two stages 1240:1253 the two stages of MS/MS in time 1240:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 4 26 dep While 793:797 arg1 informative 812:822 informative 812:822 informative 812:822 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 6 27 theme ion 1197:1199 arg1 dimension 1215:1223 an ion mobility (IM) dimension 1194:1223 an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time 1194:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 8 28 theme poor 1614:1617 arg1 ion 1629:1631 the relatively poor precursor ion 1599:1631 the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD 1599:1673 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 5 29 dep multiplexing 1027:1038 arg1 CID 1040:1042 CID 1040:1042 CID 1040:1042 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 0 30 theme Ion 0:2 arg1 dissociation 40:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 2 31 theme connectivity 526:537 arg1 characterization 493:508 the complete characterization 480:508 the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity 480:537 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 4 32 theme spectra 870:876 arg1 acquisition 845:855 acquisition 845:855 acquisition of two MS/MS spectra 845:876 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 6 33 from stages 1248:1253 arg1 time 1267:1270 time 1267:1270 time 1267:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 0 34 theme collision-induced 22:38 arg1 dissociation 40:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 1 35 theme site-specific 332:344 arg1 profiles 368:375 site-specific protein glycosylation profiles 332:375 site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins 332:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 2 36 theme multiple 575:582 arg1 spectra 604:610 multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 575:610 multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 575:610 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 8 37 theme fragment 1636:1643 arg1 conversion 1649:1658 fragment ion conversion 1636:1658 fragment ion conversion typical of ETD 1636:1673 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 6 38 from MS/MS 1258:1262 arg1 time 1267:1270 time 1267:1270 time 1267:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 2 39 theme complete 484:491 arg1 characterization 493:508 the complete characterization 480:508 the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity 480:537 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 1 40 theme glycosylation 354:366 arg1 profiles 368:375 site-specific protein glycosylation profiles 332:375 site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins 332:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 9 41 theme N-Linked 1676:1683 arg1 ions 1698:1701 N-Linked glycopeptide ions 1676:1701 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa 1676:1749 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 2 42 theme spectra 604:610 arg1 acquisition 560:570 the acquisition 556:570 the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 556:610 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 4 43 theme large-scale 952:962 arg1 inquiry 979:985 large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry 952:985 large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry 952:985 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 0 44 theme transfer 66:73 arg1 dissociation 75:86 electron transfer dissociation 57:86 electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides 57:105 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 8 45 theme ion 1505:1507 arg1 packet 1509:1514 the same precursor ion packet 1486:1514 the same precursor ion packet 1486:1514 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 1 46 gly glycoproteins 450:462 arg1 glycoproteins 450:462 glycoproteins 450:462 glycoproteins 450:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 1 47 theme spectrometry 266:277 arg1 analyses 287:294 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses 208:294 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses 208:294 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 3 48 theme fragmentation 631:643 arg1 dissociation 723:734 electron transfer dissociation 705:734 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 705:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 48 theme fragmentation 631:643 arg1 dissociation 682:693 collision-induced dissociation 664:693 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 664:699 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 48 theme fragmentation 631:643 arg1 techniques 645:654 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques 613:654 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 613:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 9 49 gly glycopeptide 1685:1696 arg2 glycopeptide 1685:1696 N-Linked glycopeptide ions 1676:1701 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa 1676:1749 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 10 50 theme peptide 1994:2000 arg1 coverages 2011:2019 the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages 1970:2019 coverages 2011:2019 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 3 51 theme Complementary 613:625 arg1 dissociation 723:734 electron transfer dissociation 705:734 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 705:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 51 theme Complementary 613:625 arg1 dissociation 682:693 collision-induced dissociation 664:693 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 664:699 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 51 theme Complementary 613:625 arg1 techniques 645:654 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques 613:654 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 613:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 7 52 theme few 1331:1333 arg1 milliseconds 1335:1346 a few milliseconds 1329:1346 a few milliseconds of one another 1329:1361 This allows the two MS/MS spectra to be acquired within a few milliseconds of one another, and to be deconvoluted in post-processing. 29119999 10 53 theme topology 1981:1988 arg1 coverage 1958:1965 complete coverage 1949:1965 complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues) 1949:2110 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 8 54 theme same 1490:1493 arg1 packet 1509:1514 the same precursor ion packet 1486:1514 the same precursor ion packet 1486:1514 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 3 55 theme collision-induced 664:680 arg1 CID 696:698 CID 696:698 CID 696:698 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 55 theme collision-induced 664:680 arg1 dissociation 682:693 collision-induced dissociation 664:693 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 664:699 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 11 56 theme large-scale 2146:2156 arg1 analysis 2173:2180 large-scale glycoproteomic analysis 2146:2180 large-scale glycoproteomic analysis 2146:2180 The potential of this method for large-scale glycoproteomic analysis is discussed. 29119999 1 57 theme mass 227:230 arg1 MS 246:247 MS 246:247 MS 246:247 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 1 57 theme mass 227:230 arg1 spectrometry 232:243 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry 208:243 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) 208:248 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 4 58 theme glycoproteomic 964:977 arg1 inquiry 979:985 large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry 952:985 large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry 952:985 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 10 59 theme coverages 2011:2019 arg1 coverage 1958:1965 complete coverage 1949:1965 complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues) 1949:2110 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 9 60 gly glycoproteins 1782:1794 arg1 glycoproteins 1782:1794 four model glycoproteins 1771:1794 four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation 1771:1892 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 6 61 theme MS/MS 1258:1262 arg1 stages 1248:1253 the two stages 1240:1253 the two stages of MS/MS in time 1240:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 0 62 theme single 161:166 arg1 population 196:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 9 63 theme model 1776:1780 arg1 glycoproteins 1782:1794 four model glycoproteins 1771:1794 four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation 1771:1892 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 0 64 theme precursor 182:190 arg1 population 196:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 a single mass-selected precursor ion population 159:205 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 1 65 theme tandem 254:259 arg1 MS/MS 280:284 MS/MS 280:284 MS/MS 280:284 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 1 65 theme tandem 254:259 arg1 spectrometry 266:277 tandem mass spectrometry 254:277 tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) 254:285 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 7 66 theme MS/MS 1293:1297 arg1 spectra 1299:1305 the two MS/MS spectra 1285:1305 the two MS/MS spectra 1285:1305 This allows the two MS/MS spectra to be acquired within a few milliseconds of one another, and to be deconvoluted in post-processing. 29119999 3 67 theme electron 705:712 arg1 dissociation 723:734 electron transfer dissociation 705:734 electron transfer dissociation (ETD) 705:740 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 3 67 theme electron 705:712 arg1 ETD 737:739 ETD 737:739 ETD 737:739 Complementary ion fragmentation techniques such as collision-induced dissociation (CID) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) are often applied in concert to address this need. 29119999 11 68 theme method 2135:2140 arg1 potential 2117:2125 The potential 2113:2125 The potential of this method for large-scale glycoproteomic analysis 2113:2180 The potential of this method for large-scale glycoproteomic analysis is discussed. 29119999 10 69 theme amino 2049:2053 arg1 residues 2060:2067 32 amino acid residues 2046:2067 32 amino acid residues 2046:2067 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 6 70 theme methods 1149:1155 arg1 Integration 1113:1123 Integration 1113:1123 Integration of the two dissociation methods 1113:1155 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 5 71 theme glycopeptides 1079:1091 arg1 study 1070:1074 the study 1066:1074 the study of glycopeptides 1066:1091 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 0 72 theme N-glycopeptides 91:105 arg1 dissociation 40:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 0 72 theme N-glycopeptides 91:105 arg1 dissociation 75:86 electron transfer dissociation 57:86 electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides 57:105 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 10 73 theme IM-resolved 1909:1919 arg1 CID 1921:1923 IM-resolved CID and ETD events 1909:1938 CID 1921:1923 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 5 74 gly glycopeptides 1079:1091 arg2 glycopeptides 1079:1091 glycopeptides 1079:1091 glycopeptides 1079:1091 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 8 75 theme ETD 1578:1580 arg1 acquisitions 1582:1593 ETD acquisitions 1578:1593 ETD acquisitions 1578:1593 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 1 76 theme central 389:395 arg1 importance 397:406 central importance 389:406 central importance 389:406 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 5 77 theme multiplexing 1027:1038 arg1 method 1017:1022 a previously developed method 994:1022 a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD 994:1050 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 2 78 theme MS/MS 584:588 arg1 spectra 604:610 multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 575:610 multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra 575:610 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 10 79 theme amino 2091:2095 arg1 residues 2102:2109 eight amino acid residues 2085:2109 eight amino acid residues 2085:2109 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 0 80 theme connectivity 129:140 arg1 information 142:152 orthogonal connectivity information 118:152 orthogonal connectivity information 118:152 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 7 81 dep one 1351:1353 arg1 another 1355:1361 another 1355:1361 another 1355:1361 This allows the two MS/MS spectra to be acquired within a few milliseconds of one another, and to be deconvoluted in post-processing. 29119999 1 82 theme structure-function 419:436 arg1 insights 438:445 gaining structure-function insights 411:445 gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins 411:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 6 83 theme mobility 1201:1208 arg1 dimension 1215:1223 an ion mobility (IM) dimension 1194:1223 an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time 1194:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 9 84 theme N-glycosylation 1878:1892 arg1 types 1869:1873 complex types 1861:1873 complex types 1861:1873 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 9 84 theme N-glycosylation 1878:1892 arg1 paucimannosidic 1826:1840 paucimannosidic 1826:1840 paucimannosidic 1826:1840 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 9 84 theme N-glycosylation 1878:1892 arg1 mannose 1848:1854 high mannose 1843:1854 high mannose 1843:1854 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 8 85 theme precursor 1619:1627 arg1 ion 1629:1631 the relatively poor precursor ion 1599:1631 the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD 1599:1673 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 0 86 theme mobility-resolved 4:20 arg1 dissociation 40:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation 0:51 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 8 87 theme fragmentation 1443:1455 arg1 readouts 1457:1464 both fragmentation readouts 1438:1464 both fragmentation readouts 1438:1464 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 9 88 theme molecular 1714:1722 arg1 weight 1724:1729 molecular weight 1714:1729 molecular weight 1714:1729 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 2 89 theme glycopeptide 513:524 arg1 connectivity 526:537 glycopeptide connectivity 513:537 glycopeptide connectivity 513:537 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 8 90 theme ion 1645:1647 arg1 conversion 1649:1658 fragment ion conversion 1636:1658 fragment ion conversion typical of ETD 1636:1673 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 10 91 theme complete 1949:1956 arg1 coverage 1958:1965 complete coverage 1949:1965 complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues) 1949:2110 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 4 92 theme MS/MS 864:868 arg1 spectra 870:876 two MS/MS spectra 860:876 two MS/MS spectra 860:876 While structurally informative, the requirement for acquisition of two MS/MS spectra per analyte places considerable limitations upon the breadth and depth of large-scale glycoproteomic inquiry. 29119999 0 93 theme electron 57:64 arg1 dissociation 75:86 electron transfer dissociation 57:86 electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides 57:105 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 1 94 theme protein 346:352 arg1 profiles 368:375 site-specific protein glycosylation profiles 332:375 site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins 332:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29119999 8 95 theme typical 1660:1666 arg1 conversion 1649:1658 fragment ion conversion 1636:1658 fragment ion conversion typical of ETD 1636:1673 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 9 96 theme glycopeptide 1685:1696 arg1 ions 1698:1701 N-Linked glycopeptide ions 1676:1701 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa 1676:1749 N-Linked glycopeptide ions ranging in molecular weight from 1.8 to 6.5 kDa were generated from four model glycoproteins that collectively encompassed paucimannosidic, high mannose, and complex types of N-glycosylation. 29119999 8 97 theme ETD 1671:1673 arg1 typical 1660:1666 typical 1660:1666 typical 1660:1666 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 10 98 theme glycan 1974:1979 arg1 topology 1981:1988 the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages 1970:2019 topology 1981:1988 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 0 99 dep dissociation 40:51 arg1 gathering 108:116 gathering 108:116 gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population 108:205 Ion mobility-resolved collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation of N-glycopeptides: gathering orthogonal connectivity information from a single mass-selected precursor ion population. 29119999 7 100 theme one 1351:1353 arg1 milliseconds 1335:1346 a few milliseconds 1329:1346 a few milliseconds of one another 1329:1361 This allows the two MS/MS spectra to be acquired within a few milliseconds of one another, and to be deconvoluted in post-processing. 29119999 5 101 theme first 1101:1105 arg1 time 1107:1110 the first time 1097:1110 the first time 1097:1110 Here, a previously developed method of multiplexing CID and ETD is applied to the study of glycopeptides for the first time. 29119999 8 102 theme precursor 1495:1503 arg1 packet 1509:1514 the same precursor ion packet 1486:1514 the same precursor ion packet 1486:1514 Furthermore, the method allows both fragmentation readouts to be obtained from the same precursor ion packet, thus reducing the inefficiencies imposed by separate CID and ETD acquisitions and the relatively poor precursor ion to fragment ion conversion typical of ETD. 29119999 2 103 gly glycopeptide 513:524 arg2 glycopeptide 513:524 glycopeptide connectivity 513:537 glycopeptide connectivity 513:537 Confoundingly, the complete characterization of glycopeptide connectivity usually requires the acquisition of multiple MS/MS fragmentation spectra. 29119999 6 104 theme dimension 1215:1223 arg1 addition 1182:1189 addition 1182:1189 addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time 1182:1270 Integration of the two dissociation methods was accomplished through addition of an ion mobility (IM) dimension that disperses the two stages of MS/MS in time. 29119999 10 105 theme sequence 2002:2009 arg1 coverages 2011:2019 the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages 1970:2019 coverages 2011:2019 In each case, IM-resolved CID and ETD events provided complete coverage of the glycan topology and peptide sequence coverages ranging from 48.4% (over 32 amino acid residues) to 85.7% (over eight amino acid residues). 29119999 1 106 from insights 438:445 arg1 glycoproteins 450:462 glycoproteins 450:462 glycoproteins 450:462 Glycopeptide-level mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses are commonly performed to establish site-specific protein glycosylation profiles that are of central importance to gaining structure-function insights on glycoproteins. 29254015 3 0 theme repeating 259:267 arg1 unit 269:272 The repeating unit 255:272 The repeating unit of mannan 255:282 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 0 theme repeating 259:267 arg1 -α-Manp- 345:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 6 1 theme β-Manp- 843:849 arg1 formation 817:825 the formation 813:825 the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp 813:865 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 7 2 theme β-Manp- 1036:1042 arg1 -Manp 1048:1052 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1023:1052 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1023:1052 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 8 3 theme latest 1059:1064 arg1 products 1066:1073 The latest products 1055:1073 The latest products 1055:1073 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 6 4 theme disaccharide 830:841 arg1 β-Manp- 843:849 disaccharide β-Manp- 830:849 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2) 830:854 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 6 4 theme disaccharide 830:841 arg1 1→2 851:853 1→2 851:853 1→2 851:853 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 6 5 theme repeating 885:893 arg1 unit 895:898 the repeating unit 881:898 the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide 881:931 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 5 6 theme only 661:664 arg1 mannan 666:671 only mannan 661:671 only mannan 661:671 In the absence of phosphate, only mannan was obtained, while an excess of KH2PO4 led to the exclusive production of phosphomannan. 29254015 8 7 dep donors 1108:1113 arg1 applicable 1115:1124 applicable 1115:1124 applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1115:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 7 8 theme disaccharide 1023:1034 arg1 -Manp 1048:1052 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1023:1052 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1023:1052 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 5 9 theme phosphomannan 748:760 arg1 production 734:743 the exclusive production 720:743 the exclusive production of phosphomannan 720:760 In the absence of phosphate, only mannan was obtained, while an excess of KH2PO4 led to the exclusive production of phosphomannan. 29254015 3 10 theme -α-Manp- 419:426 arg1 disaccharide 430:441 β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide 407:441 β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide 407:441 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 7 11 theme -Manp 1048:1052 arg1 formation 1010:1018 the formation 1006:1018 the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1006:1052 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 3 12 dep blocks 443:448 arg1 linked 450:455 linked 450:455 blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit 443:516 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 4 13 from concentration 595:607 arg1 medium 624:629 the culture medium 612:629 the culture medium 612:629 The production of both polysaccharides was shown to depend on the phosphate concentration in the culture medium. 29254015 3 14 theme β-Manp- 407:413 arg1 disaccharide 430:441 β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide 407:441 β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide 407:441 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 15 theme reducing 504:511 arg1 unit 513:516 the reducing unit 500:516 the reducing unit 500:516 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 8 16 theme oligosaccharides 1154:1169 arg1 synthesis 1141:1149 the synthesis 1137:1149 the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1137:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 3 17 theme mannan 277:282 arg1 unit 269:272 The repeating unit 255:272 The repeating unit of mannan 255:282 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 17 theme mannan 277:282 arg1 -α-Manp- 345:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 18 theme unit 513:516 arg1 C-6 493:495 C-6 493:495 C-6 493:495 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 18 theme unit 513:516 arg1 C-1 485:487 C-1 485:487 C-1 485:487 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 8 19 theme related 1171:1177 arg1 oligosaccharides 1154:1169 oligosaccharides 1154:1169 oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1154:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 5 20 theme exclusive 724:732 arg1 production 734:743 the exclusive production 720:743 the exclusive production of phosphomannan 720:760 In the absence of phosphate, only mannan was obtained, while an excess of KH2PO4 led to the exclusive production of phosphomannan. 29254015 7 21 with treatment 938:946 arg1 phosphatase 982:992 alkaline phosphatase 973:992 alkaline phosphatase 973:992 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 7 22 theme alkaline 973:980 arg1 phosphatase 982:992 alkaline phosphatase 973:992 alkaline phosphatase 973:992 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 6 23 theme -Manp 861:865 arg1 formation 817:825 the formation 813:825 the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp 813:865 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 3 24 theme trisaccharide 302:314 arg1 unit 269:272 The repeating unit 255:272 The repeating unit of mannan 255:282 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 24 theme trisaccharide 302:314 arg1 -α-Manp- 345:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 1 25 theme capsulata 158:166 arg1 yeast 168:172 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 148:172 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 148:172 Linear mannan and branched phosphomannan were identified as exopolysaccharides produced by Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 0 26 theme capsulata 40:48 arg1 yeast 50:54 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 30:54 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 30:54 Mannan and phosphomannan from Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 7 27 theme disaccharide 955:966 arg1 treatment 938:946 The treatment 934:946 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase 934:992 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 6 28 theme phosphomannan 792:804 arg1 depolymerisation 772:787 Chemical depolymerisation 763:787 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan 763:804 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 8 29 theme cell 1190:1193 arg1 polysaccharides 1200:1214 Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1182:1214 Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1182:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 0 30 theme Kuraishia 30:38 arg1 yeast 50:54 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 30:54 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 30:54 Mannan and phosphomannan from Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 6 31 theme 6-P 857:859 arg1 -Manp 861:865 (6-P)-Manp 856:865 (6-P)-Manp 856:865 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 5 32 theme phosphate 650:658 arg1 absence 639:645 the absence 635:645 the absence of phosphate 635:658 In the absence of phosphate, only mannan was obtained, while an excess of KH2PO4 led to the exclusive production of phosphomannan. 29254015 8 33 theme glycosyl 1099:1106 arg1 donors 1108:1113 glycosyl donors 1099:1113 glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1099:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 8 34 theme Candida 1182:1188 arg1 polysaccharides 1200:1214 Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1182:1214 Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1182:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 5 35 theme KH2PO4 706:711 arg1 excess 696:701 an excess 693:701 an excess of KH2PO4 693:711 In the absence of phosphate, only mannan was obtained, while an excess of KH2PO4 led to the exclusive production of phosphomannan. 29254015 3 36 theme -α-Manp- 319:326 arg1 unit 269:272 The repeating unit 255:272 The repeating unit of mannan 255:282 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 36 theme -α-Manp- 319:326 arg1 -α-Manp- 345:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 37 dep -α-Manp- 345:352 arg1 1→2 341:343 1→2 341:343 1→2 341:343 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 38 dep found 288:292 arg1 1→ 354:355 1→ 354:355 1→ 354:355 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 6 39 theme Chemical 763:770 arg1 depolymerisation 772:787 Chemical depolymerisation 763:787 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan 763:804 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 8 40 theme wall 1195:1198 arg1 polysaccharides 1200:1214 Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1182:1214 Candida cell wall polysaccharides 1182:1214 The latest products can be transformed into glycosyl donors applicable further in the synthesis of oligosaccharides related to Candida cell wall polysaccharides. 29254015 3 41 theme →6 316:317 arg1 unit 269:272 The repeating unit 255:272 The repeating unit of mannan 255:282 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 41 theme →6 316:317 arg1 -α-Manp- 345:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 2 42 theme resonance 231:239 arg1 spectroscopy 241:252 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 214:252 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 214:252 Their structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 29254015 3 43 attach linked 450:455 arg3 C-1 485:487 C-1 485:487 C-1 485:487 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 43 attach linked 450:455 arg3 C-6 493:495 C-6 493:495 C-6 493:495 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 1 44 dep Linear 57:62 arg1 mannan 64:69 mannan 64:69 mannan 64:69 Linear mannan and branched phosphomannan were identified as exopolysaccharides produced by Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 1 44 dep Linear 57:62 arg1 phosphomannan 84:96 phosphomannan 84:96 phosphomannan 84:96 Linear mannan and branched phosphomannan were identified as exopolysaccharides produced by Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 4 45 theme polysaccharides 542:556 arg1 production 523:532 The production 519:532 The production of both polysaccharides 519:556 The production of both polysaccharides was shown to depend on the phosphate concentration in the culture medium. 29254015 2 46 theme magnetic 222:229 arg1 spectroscopy 241:252 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 214:252 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 214:252 Their structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 29254015 1 47 theme Kuraishia 148:156 arg1 yeast 168:172 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 148:172 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 148:172 Linear mannan and branched phosphomannan were identified as exopolysaccharides produced by Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 6 48 theme polysaccharide 918:931 arg1 unit 895:898 the repeating unit 881:898 the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide 881:931 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 3 49 theme -α-Manp- 332:339 arg1 unit 269:272 The repeating unit 255:272 The repeating unit of mannan 255:282 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 3 49 theme -α-Manp- 332:339 arg1 -α-Manp- 345:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp- 300:352 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 2 50 theme nuclear 214:220 arg1 spectroscopy 241:252 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 214:252 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 214:252 Their structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 29254015 3 51 theme phosphodiester 460:473 arg1 bonds 475:479 phosphodiester bonds 460:479 phosphodiester bonds 460:479 The repeating unit of mannan was found to be a trisaccharide →6)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1→, while the phosphomannan was shown to be built of β-Manp-(1→2)-α-Manp-(1 disaccharide blocks linked by phosphodiester bonds via C-1 and C-6 of the reducing unit. 29254015 4 52 theme phosphate 585:593 arg1 concentration 595:607 the phosphate concentration 581:607 the phosphate concentration in the culture medium 581:629 The production of both polysaccharides was shown to depend on the phosphate concentration in the culture medium. 29254015 6 53 theme hydrolysed 907:916 arg1 polysaccharide 918:931 the hydrolysed polysaccharide 903:931 the hydrolysed polysaccharide 903:931 Chemical depolymerisation of phosphomannan led to the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-(6-P)-Manp, representing the repeating unit of the hydrolysed polysaccharide. 29254015 7 54 theme 1→2 1044:1046 arg1 -Manp 1048:1052 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1023:1052 disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp 1023:1052 The treatment of the disaccharide with alkaline phosphatase resulted in the formation of disaccharide β-Manp-(1→2)-Manp. 29254015 0 55 dep Mannan 0:5 arg1 yeast 50:54 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 30:54 Kuraishia capsulata yeast 30:54 Mannan and phosphomannan from Kuraishia capsulata yeast. 29254015 4 56 theme culture 616:622 arg1 medium 624:629 the culture medium 612:629 the culture medium 612:629 The production of both polysaccharides was shown to depend on the phosphate concentration in the culture medium. 25418152 2 0 theme graphene 489:496 arg1 interaction 518:528 the synergistic interaction 502:528 the synergistic interaction of three components 502:548 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 2 0 theme graphene 489:496 arg1 rate 481:484 the high electron-transfer rate 454:484 the high electron-transfer rate of graphene 454:496 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 4 1 theme novel 696:700 arg1 peroxidase 745:754 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic 694:762 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 694:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 4 2 theme inside 905:910 arg1 biosensors 858:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors 825:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside 825:922 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 0 3 theme gold 50:53 arg1 nanorods 55:62 gold nanorods 50:62 gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression 50:143 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 4 4 theme nucleic 873:879 arg1 acids 881:885 nucleic acids 873:885 nucleic acids 873:885 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 0 5 with nanorods 55:62 arg1 activity 84:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 2 6 theme synergistic 506:516 arg1 interaction 518:528 the synergistic interaction 502:528 the synergistic interaction of three components 502:548 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 0 7 theme high 69:72 arg1 activity 84:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 2 8 theme graphene-based 275:288 arg1 composite 298:306 The graphene-based ternary composite 271:306 The graphene-based ternary composite 271:306 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 3 9 theme glycan 574:579 arg1 expression 581:590 glycan expression 574:590 glycan expression 574:590 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 1 10 theme simple 245:250 arg1 methods 262:268 simple synthetic methods 245:268 simple synthetic methods 245:268 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 3 11 theme expression 581:590 arg1 detection 561:569 Sensitive detection 551:569 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface 551:611 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 1 12 theme synthetic 252:260 arg1 methods 262:268 simple synthetic methods 245:268 simple synthetic methods 245:268 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 4 13 theme selective 848:856 arg1 biosensors 858:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors 825:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside 825:922 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 2 14 theme catalytic 375:383 arg1 properties 385:394 the catalytic properties 371:394 the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics 371:440 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 0 15 theme catalytic 74:82 arg1 activity 84:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 1 16 theme novel 148:152 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel graphene-family ternary composite 146:186 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity 146:215 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 0 17 theme ternary 2:8 arg1 composite 10:18 A ternary composite 0:18 A ternary composite 0:18 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 2 18 theme abundant 312:319 arg1 NRs 343:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 1 19 theme graphene-family 154:168 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel graphene-family ternary composite 146:186 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity 146:215 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 4 20 theme catalytic 941:949 arg1 reaction 951:958 catalytic reaction 941:958 catalytic reaction of H2 O2 941:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 4 21 theme biosensors 858:867 arg1 construction 809:820 the construction 805:820 the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells 805:931 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 4 22 theme mimetic 756:762 arg1 peroxidase 745:754 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic 694:762 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 694:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 1 23 theme ternary 170:176 arg1 composite 178:186 A novel graphene-family ternary composite 146:186 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity 146:215 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 4 24 theme cells 927:931 arg1 construction 809:820 the construction 805:820 the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells 805:931 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 4 25 theme sensitive 833:841 arg1 biosensors 858:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors 825:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside 825:922 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 2 26 theme peroxidase 422:431 arg1 mimetics 433:440 peroxidase mimetics 422:440 peroxidase mimetics 422:440 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 2 27 theme mimetics 433:440 arg1 graphene-family 403:417 the graphene-family 399:417 the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics 399:440 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 2 28 theme ternary 290:296 arg1 composite 298:306 The graphene-based ternary composite 271:306 The graphene-based ternary composite 271:306 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 4 29 theme graphene-family 702:716 arg1 peroxidase 745:754 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic 694:762 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 694:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 1 30 with composite 178:186 arg1 activity 208:215 high catalytic activity 193:215 high catalytic activity 193:215 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 2 31 theme graphene-family 403:417 arg1 properties 385:394 the catalytic properties 371:394 the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics 371:440 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 1 32 theme high 193:196 arg1 activity 208:215 high catalytic activity 193:215 high catalytic activity 193:215 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 2 33 theme electron-transfer 463:479 arg1 rate 481:484 the high electron-transfer rate 454:484 the high electron-transfer rate of graphene 454:496 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 2 34 theme components 539:548 arg1 interaction 518:528 the synergistic interaction 502:528 the synergistic interaction of three components 502:548 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 2 34 theme components 539:548 arg1 rate 481:484 the high electron-transfer rate 454:484 the high electron-transfer rate of graphene 454:496 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 3 35 theme low 636:638 arg1 limit 650:654 a low detection limit 634:654 a low detection limit of 10 cells 634:666 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 4 36 theme simple 825:830 arg1 biosensors 858:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors 825:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside 825:922 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 1 37 theme catalytic 198:206 arg1 activity 208:215 high catalytic activity 193:215 high catalytic activity 193:215 A novel graphene-family ternary composite with high catalytic activity has been developed by using simple synthetic methods. 25418152 2 38 theme high 458:461 arg1 rate 481:484 the high electron-transfer rate 454:484 the high electron-transfer rate of graphene 454:496 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 0 39 theme glycan 127:132 arg1 expression 134:143 cell-surface glycan expression 114:143 cell-surface glycan expression 114:143 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 3 40 theme detection 640:648 arg1 limit 650:654 a low detection limit 634:654 a low detection limit of 10 cells 634:666 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 3 41 theme K562 595:598 arg1 surface 605:611 K562 cell surface 595:611 K562 cell surface 595:611 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 4 42 theme hybrid 718:723 arg1 peroxidase 745:754 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic 694:762 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 694:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 2 43 contain has 308:310 arg1 composite 298:306 The graphene-based ternary composite 271:306 The graphene-based ternary composite 271:306 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 2 43 contain has 308:310 arg2 NRs 343:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 0 44 theme cell-surface 114:125 arg1 expression 134:143 cell-surface glycan expression 114:143 cell-surface glycan expression 114:143 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 3 45 theme cell 600:603 arg1 surface 605:611 K562 cell surface 595:611 K562 cell surface 595:611 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 2 46 theme Au 340:341 arg1 NRs 343:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 4 47 theme outside 916:922 arg1 biosensors 858:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors 825:867 simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside 825:922 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 2 48 theme charged 332:338 arg1 NRs 343:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 abundant positively charged Au NRs 312:345 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 0 49 theme expression 134:143 arg1 detection 101:109 the detection 97:109 the detection of cell-surface glycan expression 97:143 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 3 50 theme Sensitive 551:559 arg1 detection 561:569 Sensitive detection 551:569 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface 551:611 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 0 51 with hemin 39:43 arg1 activity 84:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 2 52 dep has 308:310 arg1 improved 362:369 improved 362:369 improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics 362:440 The graphene-based ternary composite has abundant positively charged Au NRs, which greatly improved the catalytic properties of the graphene-family of peroxidase mimetics, because of the high electron-transfer rate of graphene and the synergistic interaction of three components. 25418152 4 53 theme nanomaterials-based 725:743 arg1 peroxidase 745:754 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic 694:762 a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 694:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 25418152 3 54 theme cells 662:666 arg1 limit 650:654 a low detection limit 634:654 a low detection limit of 10 cells 634:666 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 3 55 from detection 561:569 arg1 surface 605:611 K562 cell surface 595:611 K562 cell surface 595:611 Sensitive detection of glycan expression on K562 cell surface can be achieved with a low detection limit of 10 cells. 25418152 0 56 with graphene 29:36 arg1 activity 84:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 high catalytic activity 69:91 A ternary composite based on graphene, hemin, and gold nanorods with high catalytic activity for the detection of cell-surface glycan expression. 25418152 4 57 theme H2 963:964 arg1 reaction 951:958 catalytic reaction 941:958 catalytic reaction of H2 O2 941:967 This finding constitutes a novel graphene-family hybrid nanomaterials-based peroxidase mimetic that is expected to be applied widely in the construction of simple, sensitive, and selective biosensors for nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside of cells through catalytic reaction of H2 O2 . 27744693 3 0 theme potential 291:299 arg1 effects 315:321 potential physiological effects 291:321 potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls 291:395 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 1 theme main 200:203 arg1 constituents 254:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 1 theme main 200:203 arg1 components 205:214 the main components 196:214 the main components of plant cell walls 196:234 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 1 theme main 200:203 arg1 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 0 2 theme L. 70:71 arg1 var 73:75 sativus L. var 62:75 Raphanus sativus L. var 53:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 1 3 dep sativus 78:84 arg1 Changes 110:116 Related Changes 102:116 Related Changes 102:116 sativus) and Maturation Related Changes. 27744693 6 4 dep harvested 638:646 arg1 followed 674:681 followed 674:681 followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin 674:757 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 8 5 theme high 994:997 arg1 incorporation 999:1011 unexpectedly high incorporation 981:1011 unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer 981:1050 Radish lignin was characterized by unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer. 27744693 9 6 theme lignin 1152:1157 arg1 polymers 1159:1166 the lignin polymers 1148:1166 the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol 1148:1187 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 4 7 dep var 426:428 arg1 Radish 398:403 Radish 398:403 Radish (Raphanus 398:413 Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 8 8 theme p-coumaryl 1016:1025 arg1 alcohol 1027:1033 p-coumaryl alcohol 1016:1033 p-coumaryl alcohol 1016:1033 Radish lignin was characterized by unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer. 27744693 5 9 theme cell 551:554 arg1 composition 561:571 the cell wall composition 547:571 the cell wall composition 547:571 sativus) is known to develop a woody and firm texture during maturation and ripening, most likely due to changes in the cell wall composition. 27744693 6 10 theme time 661:664 arg1 points 666:671 different time points 651:671 different time points 651:671 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 3 11 from constituents 254:265 arg1 addition 186:193 addition 186:193 addition 186:193 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 12 theme cell 225:228 arg1 walls 230:234 plant cell walls 219:234 plant cell walls 219:234 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 5 13 theme wall 556:559 arg1 composition 561:571 the cell wall composition 547:571 the cell wall composition 547:571 sativus) is known to develop a woody and firm texture during maturation and ripening, most likely due to changes in the cell wall composition. 27744693 7 14 from decrease 836:843 arg1 portion 852:858 the portion 848:858 the portion of neutral pectic side chains 848:888 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 6 15 theme different 651:659 arg1 points 666:671 different time points 651:671 different time points 651:671 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 0 16 theme Radish 45:50 arg1 Composition 30:40 Cell Wall Composition 20:40 Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var 20:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 2 17 theme wall 124:127 arg1 composition 129:139 Cell wall composition 119:139 Cell wall composition 119:139 Cell wall composition affects the texture of plant-based foods. 27744693 3 18 theme walls 230:234 arg1 constituents 254:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 18 theme walls 230:234 arg1 components 205:214 the main components 196:214 the main components of plant cell walls 196:234 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 18 theme walls 230:234 arg1 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 7 19 theme chains 883:888 arg1 portion 852:858 the portion 848:858 the portion of neutral pectic side chains 848:888 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 2 20 theme Cell 119:122 arg1 composition 129:139 Cell wall composition 119:139 Cell wall composition 119:139 Cell wall composition affects the texture of plant-based foods. 27744693 8 21 theme alcohol 1027:1033 arg1 incorporation 999:1011 unexpectedly high incorporation 981:1011 unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer 981:1050 Radish lignin was characterized by unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer. 27744693 6 22 theme polysaccharides 732:746 arg1 analysis 704:711 detailed chemical analysis 686:711 detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides 686:746 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 6 22 theme polysaccharides 732:746 arg1 lignin 752:757 lignin 752:757 lignin 752:757 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 3 23 theme plant 219:223 arg1 walls 230:234 plant cell walls 219:234 plant cell walls 219:234 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 6 24 theme fiber 726:730 arg1 polysaccharides 732:746 insoluble fiber polysaccharides 716:746 insoluble fiber polysaccharides 716:746 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 9 25 theme Maturation 1053:1062 arg1 increases 1074:1082 Maturation dependent increases 1053:1082 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents 1053:1101 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 0 26 theme Wall 25:28 arg1 Composition 30:40 Cell Wall Composition 20:40 Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var 20:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 7 27 theme pectic 871:876 arg1 chains 883:888 neutral pectic side chains 863:888 neutral pectic side chains 863:888 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 3 28 theme fiber 248:252 arg1 constituents 254:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 28 theme fiber 248:252 arg1 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 28 theme fiber 248:252 arg1 components 205:214 the main components 196:214 the main components of plant cell walls 196:234 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 6 29 theme insoluble 716:724 arg1 polysaccharides 732:746 insoluble fiber polysaccharides 716:746 insoluble fiber polysaccharides 716:746 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 7 30 theme polysaccharide 790:803 arg1 profiles 805:812 polysaccharide profiles 790:812 polysaccharide profiles 790:812 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 0 31 theme Cell 20:23 arg1 Composition 30:40 Cell Wall Composition 20:40 Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var 20:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 2 32 theme plant-based 164:174 arg1 foods 176:180 plant-based foods 164:180 plant-based foods 164:180 Cell wall composition affects the texture of plant-based foods. 27744693 0 33 dep Raphanus 53:60 arg1 var 73:75 sativus L. var 62:75 Raphanus sativus L. var 53:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 3 34 theme walls 391:395 arg1 composition 367:377 the structural composition 352:377 the structural composition of the cell walls 352:395 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 5 35 from changes 536:542 arg1 composition 561:571 the cell wall composition 547:571 the cell wall composition 547:571 sativus) is known to develop a woody and firm texture during maturation and ripening, most likely due to changes in the cell wall composition. 27744693 4 36 theme L. 423:424 arg1 var 426:428 sativus L. var 415:428 sativus L. var 415:428 Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 9 37 from increases 1074:1082 arg1 contents 1094:1101 lignin contents 1087:1101 lignin contents 1087:1101 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 0 38 theme Composition 30:40 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 0:76 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 9 39 with polymers 1159:1166 arg1 alcohol 1181:1187 sinapyl alcohol 1173:1187 sinapyl alcohol 1173:1187 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 3 40 theme dietary 240:246 arg1 constituents 254:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 dietary fiber constituents 240:265 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 40 theme dietary 240:246 arg1 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 responsible 275:285 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 40 theme dietary 240:246 arg1 components 205:214 the main components 196:214 the main components of plant cell walls 196:234 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 0 41 dep Radish 45:50 arg1 Raphanus 53:60 Raphanus 53:60 Raphanus sativus L. var 53:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 7 42 from changes 779:785 arg1 profiles 805:812 polysaccharide profiles 790:812 polysaccharide profiles 790:812 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 9 43 theme polymers 1159:1166 arg1 changes 1137:1143 compositional changes 1123:1143 compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol 1123:1187 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 3 44 theme cell 386:389 arg1 walls 391:395 the cell walls 382:395 the cell walls 382:395 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 3 45 dep potential 291:299 arg1 physiological 301:313 physiological 301:313 physiological 301:313 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 6 46 theme chemical 695:702 arg1 analysis 704:711 detailed chemical analysis 686:711 detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides 686:746 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 1 47 theme Related 102:108 arg1 Changes 110:116 Related Changes 102:116 Related Changes 102:116 sativus) and Maturation Related Changes. 27744693 7 48 theme side 878:881 arg1 chains 883:888 neutral pectic side chains 863:888 neutral pectic side chains 863:888 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 8 49 theme Radish 946:951 arg1 lignin 953:958 Radish lignin 946:958 Radish lignin 946:958 Radish lignin was characterized by unexpectedly high incorporation of p-coumaryl alcohol into the polymer. 27744693 6 50 theme detailed 686:693 arg1 analysis 704:711 detailed chemical analysis 686:711 detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides 686:746 To describe these changes chemically, radish was cultivated and harvested at different time points, followed by detailed chemical analysis of insoluble fiber polysaccharides and lignin. 27744693 9 51 theme sinapyl 1173:1179 arg1 alcohol 1181:1187 sinapyl alcohol 1173:1187 sinapyl alcohol 1173:1187 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 7 52 theme neutral 863:869 arg1 chains 883:888 neutral pectic side chains 863:888 neutral pectic side chains 863:888 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 4 53 theme sativus 415:421 arg1 var 426:428 sativus L. var 415:428 sativus L. var 415:428 Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 9 54 theme lignin 1087:1092 arg1 contents 1094:1101 lignin contents 1087:1101 lignin contents 1087:1101 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 5 55 theme firm 472:475 arg1 texture 477:483 firm texture 472:483 firm texture 472:483 sativus) is known to develop a woody and firm texture during maturation and ripening, most likely due to changes in the cell wall composition. 27744693 9 56 theme dependent 1064:1072 arg1 increases 1074:1082 Maturation dependent increases 1053:1082 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents 1053:1101 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 0 57 theme sativus 62:68 arg1 var 73:75 sativus L. var 62:75 Raphanus sativus L. var 53:75 Characterization of Cell Wall Composition of Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 27744693 2 58 theme foods 176:180 arg1 texture 153:159 the texture 149:159 the texture of plant-based foods 149:180 Cell wall composition affects the texture of plant-based foods. 27744693 9 59 theme compositional 1123:1135 arg1 changes 1137:1143 compositional changes 1123:1143 compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol 1123:1187 Maturation dependent increases in lignin contents were accompanied by compositional changes of the lignin polymers with sinapyl alcohol being preferentially incorporated. 27744693 3 60 theme structural 356:365 arg1 composition 367:377 the structural composition 352:377 the structural composition of the cell walls 352:395 In addition, the main components of plant cell walls are dietary fiber constituents and are responsible for potential physiological effects that are largely affected by the structural composition of the cell walls. 27744693 7 61 theme xylan 913:917 arg1 predominant 933:943 predominant 933:943 predominant 933:943 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 7 61 theme xylan 913:917 arg1 portion 919:925 the xylan portion 909:925 the xylan portion 909:925 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 7 62 from increase 897:904 arg1 portion 852:858 the portion 848:858 the portion of neutral pectic side chains 848:888 During maturation, changes in polysaccharide profiles were observed, with a decrease in the portion of neutral pectic side chains and an increase in the xylan portion being predominant. 27744693 4 63 dep Radish 398:403 arg1 Raphanus 406:413 Raphanus 406:413 Raphanus 406:413 Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. 24753400 0 0 theme O-mannosyl 86:95 arg1 glycopeptides 97:109 O-mannosyl glycopeptides 86:109 O-mannosyl glycopeptides 86:109 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 5 1 theme synthetic 860:868 arg1 vaccine 870:876 the synthetic vaccine 856:876 the synthetic vaccine 856:876 After administration of the synthetic vaccine into rabbits, strong immune responses were obtained. 24753400 6 2 theme glycopeptide 990:1001 arg1 microarrays 1003:1013 glycopeptide microarrays 990:1013 glycopeptide microarrays 990:1013 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 1 3 theme O-mannosylation 156:170 arg1 importance 134:143 the clear importance 124:143 the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology 124:192 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 3 4 from structure 589:597 arg1 glycoproteins 634:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins 602:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 602:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 5 5 theme vaccine 870:876 arg1 administration 838:851 administration 838:851 administration of the synthetic vaccine into rabbits 838:889 After administration of the synthetic vaccine into rabbits, strong immune responses were obtained. 24753400 6 6 theme induced 1031:1037 arg1 antibodies 1039:1048 the induced antibodies 1027:1048 the induced antibodies 1027:1048 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 6 6 theme induced 1031:1037 arg1 specific 1062:1069 specific 1062:1069 specific 1062:1069 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 6 7 theme ELISA 953:957 arg1 experiments 974:984 ELISA neutralization experiments 953:984 ELISA neutralization experiments 953:984 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 2 8 from glycans 384:390 arg1 peptides 408:415 peptides 408:415 peptides 408:415 We envisioned inducing antibodies that specifically recognize O-mannose glycans on proteins and peptides. 24753400 2 8 from glycans 384:390 arg1 proteins 395:402 proteins 395:402 proteins 395:402 We envisioned inducing antibodies that specifically recognize O-mannose glycans on proteins and peptides. 24753400 4 9 theme glycosylated 670:681 arg1 blocks 703:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 3 10 theme O-mannosyl 623:632 arg1 glycoproteins 634:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins 602:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 602:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 4 11 theme carrier 815:821 arg1 protein 823:829 an immune carrier protein 805:829 an immune carrier protein 805:829 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 1 12 theme proteins 271:278 arg1 enrichment 237:246 enrichment 237:246 enrichment 237:246 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 1 12 theme proteins 271:278 arg1 identification 253:266 identification 253:266 identification 253:266 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 1 12 theme proteins 271:278 arg1 detection 226:234 detection 226:234 detection 226:234 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 2 13 theme O-mannose 374:382 arg1 glycans 384:390 O-mannose glycans 374:390 O-mannose glycans on proteins and peptides 374:415 We envisioned inducing antibodies that specifically recognize O-mannose glycans on proteins and peptides. 24753400 3 14 theme core 584:587 arg1 structure 589:597 a common core structure 575:597 a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 575:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 1 15 theme brain 175:179 arg1 glycobiology 181:192 brain glycobiology 175:192 brain glycobiology 175:192 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 4 16 theme O-mannose 660:668 arg1 blocks 703:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 1 17 contain containing 280:289 arg2 modifycations 297:309 these modifycations 291:309 these modifycations 291:309 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 1 17 contain containing 280:289 arg1 proteins 271:278 proteins 271:278 proteins containing these modifycations 271:309 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 3 18 theme vaccine 464:470 arg1 construct 472:480 a glycopeptide vaccine construct 449:480 a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 449:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 5 19 theme immune 899:904 arg1 responses 906:914 strong immune responses 892:914 strong immune responses 892:914 After administration of the synthetic vaccine into rabbits, strong immune responses were obtained. 24753400 3 20 theme common 577:582 arg1 structure 589:597 a common core structure 575:597 a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 575:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 1 21 from importance 134:143 arg1 glycobiology 181:192 brain glycobiology 175:192 brain glycobiology 175:192 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 0 22 gly glycopeptides 97:109 arg2 glycopeptides 97:109 O-mannosyl glycopeptides 86:109 O-mannosyl glycopeptides 86:109 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 4 23 theme chemical 763:770 arg1 synthesis 772:780 chemical synthesis 763:780 chemical synthesis 763:780 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 4 24 gly glycopeptides 732:744 arg2 glycopeptides 732:744 the corresponding glycopeptides 714:744 the corresponding glycopeptides 714:744 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 6 25 gly glycopeptide 1078:1089 arg2 glycopeptide 1078:1089 the glycopeptide antigen 1074:1097 the glycopeptide antigen 1074:1097 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 0 26 theme glycopeptide 15:26 arg1 conjugate 36:44 a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate 13:44 a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate 13:44 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 4 27 gly glycosylated 670:681 arg1 blocks 703:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 3 28 theme all 609:611 arg1 glycoproteins 634:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins 602:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 602:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 4 29 theme immune 808:813 arg1 protein 823:829 an immune carrier protein 805:829 an immune carrier protein 805:829 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 3 30 contain containing 482:491 arg1 construct 472:480 a glycopeptide vaccine construct 449:480 a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 449:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 3 30 contain containing 482:491 arg2 Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 540:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 3 31 theme mammalian 613:621 arg1 glycoproteins 634:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins 602:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 602:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 3 32 theme N-acetyllactosamine-extended 497:524 arg1 Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 540:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 0 33 theme conjugate 36:44 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 0:110 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 6 34 theme glycopeptide 1078:1089 arg1 antigen 1091:1097 the glycopeptide antigen 1074:1097 the glycopeptide antigen 1074:1097 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 0 35 theme vaccine 28:34 arg1 conjugate 36:44 a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate 13:44 a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate 13:44 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 6 36 theme neutralization 959:972 arg1 experiments 974:984 ELISA neutralization experiments 953:984 ELISA neutralization experiments 953:984 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 1 37 theme specific 217:224 arg1 detection 226:234 detection 226:234 detection 226:234 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 5 38 theme strong 892:897 arg1 responses 906:914 strong immune responses 892:914 strong immune responses 892:914 After administration of the synthetic vaccine into rabbits, strong immune responses were obtained. 24753400 3 39 theme glycopeptide 451:462 arg1 construct 472:480 a glycopeptide vaccine construct 449:480 a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 449:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 3 40 gly glycoproteins 634:646 arg1 glycoproteins 634:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins 602:646 almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified 602:657 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 4 41 theme amino 683:687 arg1 blocks 703:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 0 42 gly glycopeptide 15:26 arg2 glycopeptide 15:26 glycopeptide 15:26 glycopeptide 15:26 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 1 43 theme clear 128:132 arg1 importance 134:143 the clear importance 124:143 the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology 124:192 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 4 44 theme acid 689:692 arg1 blocks 703:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 6 45 theme Further 931:937 arg1 evaluation 939:948 Further evaluation 931:948 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays 931:1013 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 3 46 gly glycopeptide 451:462 arg2 glycopeptide 451:462 glycopeptide 451:462 glycopeptide 451:462 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 3 47 theme motif 534:538 arg1 Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 540:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 6 48 gly glycopeptide 990:1001 arg2 glycopeptide 990:1001 glycopeptide microarrays 990:1013 glycopeptide microarrays 990:1013 Further evaluation by ELISA neutralization experiments and glycopeptide microarrays showed that the induced antibodies were highly specific to the glycopeptide antigen. 24753400 3 49 theme mannose 526:532 arg1 Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 540:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr 493:563 With this in mind, we prepared a glycopeptide vaccine construct containing the N-acetyllactosamine-extended mannose motif Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2ManαThr, found as a common core structure on almost all mammalian O-mannosyl glycoproteins identified. 24753400 0 50 theme antibodies 63:72 arg1 induction 50:58 induction 50:58 induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides 50:109 Synthesis of a glycopeptide vaccine conjugate for induction of antibodies recognizing O-mannosyl glycopeptides. 24753400 4 51 theme corresponding 718:730 arg1 glycopeptides 732:744 the corresponding glycopeptides 714:744 the corresponding glycopeptides 714:744 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 24753400 1 52 theme protein 148:154 arg1 O-mannosylation 156:170 protein O-mannosylation 148:170 protein O-mannosylation 148:170 In spite of the clear importance of protein O-mannosylation in brain glycobiology, tools are lacking for specific detection, enrichment, and identification of proteins containing these modifycations. 24753400 4 53 theme building 694:701 arg1 blocks 703:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks 660:708 O-mannose glycosylated amino acid building blocks and the corresponding glycopeptides were prepared by chemical synthesis and then conjugated to an immune carrier protein. 25965460 0 0 theme optoelectronic 91:104 arg1 applications 106:117 optoelectronic applications 91:117 optoelectronic applications 91:117 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 7 1 theme conducting 1136:1145 arg1 composites 1160:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites 1123:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites 1123:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 4 2 theme BC 809:810 arg1 matrix 812:817 the BC matrix 805:817 the BC matrix 805:817 XPS confirmed synthesis of the composites, and SEM showed uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 4 3 theme composites 738:747 arg1 synthesis 721:729 synthesis 721:729 synthesis of the composites 721:747 XPS confirmed synthesis of the composites, and SEM showed uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 7 4 theme BC-PEDOT 1147:1154 arg1 composites 1160:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites 1123:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites 1123:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 2 5 theme aqueous 348:354 arg1 solution 356:363 an aqueous solution 345:363 an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS 345:376 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 5 6 theme XRD 917:919 arg1 analysis 921:928 XRD analysis 917:928 XRD analysis 917:928 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 5 7 theme FTIR 824:827 arg1 spectra 829:835 The FTIR spectra 820:835 The FTIR spectra of the composites 820:853 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 3 8 theme infrared 648:655 arg1 spectroscopy 664:675 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 630:675 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 630:675 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 1 9 theme PEDOT 279:283 arg1 -poly 253:257 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly 221:257 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) 221:288 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 9 theme PEDOT 279:283 arg1 PSS 285:287 PEDOT PSS 279:287 PEDOT PSS 279:287 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 3 10 theme X-ray 682:686 arg1 XRD 701:703 XRD 701:703 XRD 701:703 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 10 theme X-ray 682:686 arg1 diffraction 688:698 X-ray diffraction 682:698 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 682:704 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 5 11 theme PEDOT 902:906 arg1 PSS 908:910 PEDOT PSS 902:910 PEDOT PSS 902:910 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 5 12 theme characteristic 865:878 arg1 bands 880:884 characteristic bands 865:884 characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS 865:910 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 3 13 theme composites 503:512 arg1 features 487:494 The structural features 472:494 The structural features of the composites 472:512 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 14 dep infrared 648:655 arg1 FTIR 658:661 FTIR 658:661 FTIR 658:661 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 4 15 theme PEDOT 790:794 arg1 PSS 796:798 PEDOT PSS 790:798 PEDOT PSS 790:798 XPS confirmed synthesis of the composites, and SEM showed uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 7 16 theme organic 1261:1267 arg1 diodes 1284:1289 organic light-emitting diodes 1261:1289 organic light-emitting diodes 1261:1289 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 6 17 theme PSS 1099:1101 arg1 incorporation 1066:1078 incorporation 1066:1078 incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix 1066:1120 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 1 18 theme ex 196:197 arg1 incorporation 204:216 ex situ incorporation 196:216 ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles 196:306 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 0 19 theme cellulose-poly 10:23 arg1 -poly 52:56 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly 0:56 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications 0:117 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 0 19 theme cellulose-poly 10:23 arg1 styrenesulfonate 58:73 styrenesulfonate 58:73 styrenesulfonate 58:73 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 6 20 theme PEDOT 1093:1097 arg1 PSS 1099:1101 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS 1083:1101 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS 1083:1101 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 7 21 theme potential 1192:1200 arg1 diodes 1284:1289 organic light-emitting diodes 1261:1289 organic light-emitting diodes 1261:1289 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 7 21 theme potential 1192:1200 arg1 applications 1202:1213 potential applications 1192:1213 potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells 1192:1306 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 7 21 theme potential 1192:1200 arg1 cells 1302:1306 solar cells 1296:1306 solar cells 1296:1306 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 7 21 theme potential 1192:1200 arg1 biosensors 1249:1258 biosensors 1249:1258 biosensors 1249:1258 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 0 22 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 -poly 52:56 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly 0:56 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications 0:117 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 0 22 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 styrenesulfonate 58:73 styrenesulfonate 58:73 styrenesulfonate 58:73 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 4 23 theme PSS 796:798 arg1 incorporation 773:785 uniform incorporation 765:785 uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix 765:817 XPS confirmed synthesis of the composites, and SEM showed uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 7 24 from applications 1202:1213 arg1 devices 1233:1239 optoelectronic devices 1218:1239 optoelectronic devices 1218:1239 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 2 25 theme BC 313:314 arg1 pellicles 316:324 The BC pellicles 309:324 The BC pellicles 309:324 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 5 26 from decrease 946:953 arg1 crystallinity 958:970 crystallinity 958:970 crystallinity 958:970 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 2 27 theme PSS 374:376 arg1 solution 356:363 an aqueous solution 345:363 an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS 345:376 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 0 28 theme 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 25:50 arg1 -poly 52:56 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly 0:56 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications 0:117 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 0 28 theme 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 25:50 arg1 styrenesulfonate 58:73 styrenesulfonate 58:73 styrenesulfonate 58:73 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 4 29 theme uniform 765:771 arg1 incorporation 773:785 uniform incorporation 765:785 uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix 765:817 XPS confirmed synthesis of the composites, and SEM showed uniform incorporation of PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 6 30 theme wt 1089:1090 arg1 PSS 1099:1101 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS 1083:1101 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS 1083:1101 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 3 31 theme X-ray 536:540 arg1 XPS 570:572 XPS 570:572 XPS 570:572 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 31 theme X-ray 536:540 arg1 spectroscopy 556:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 536:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 536:573 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 1 32 theme BC 295:296 arg1 pellicles 298:306 BC pellicles 295:306 BC pellicles 295:306 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 6 33 theme BC 1112:1113 arg1 matrix 1115:1120 the BC matrix 1108:1120 the BC matrix 1108:1120 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 1 34 theme conducting 133:142 arg1 membranes 169:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 35 theme poly 221:224 arg1 styrenesulfonate 259:274 styrenesulfonate 259:274 styrenesulfonate 259:274 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 35 theme poly 221:224 arg1 -poly 253:257 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly 221:257 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) 221:288 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 35 theme poly 221:224 arg1 PSS 285:287 PEDOT PSS 279:287 PEDOT PSS 279:287 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 0 36 theme -poly 52:56 arg1 composites 76:85 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites 0:85 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications 0:117 Bacterial cellulose-poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) composites for optoelectronic applications. 25965460 5 37 theme composites 844:853 arg1 spectra 829:835 The FTIR spectra 820:835 The FTIR spectra of the composites 820:853 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 7 38 theme optoelectronic 1218:1231 arg1 devices 1233:1239 optoelectronic devices 1218:1239 optoelectronic devices 1218:1239 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 3 39 theme electron 600:607 arg1 FE-SEM 621:626 FE-SEM 621:626 FE-SEM 621:626 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 39 theme electron 600:607 arg1 microscopy 609:618 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 576:618 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 576:627 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 5 40 theme slight 939:944 arg1 decrease 946:953 a slight decrease 937:953 a slight decrease in crystallinity 937:970 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 1 41 theme 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 226:251 arg1 styrenesulfonate 259:274 styrenesulfonate 259:274 styrenesulfonate 259:274 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 41 theme 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 226:251 arg1 -poly 253:257 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly 221:257 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) 221:288 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 41 theme 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene 226:251 arg1 PSS 285:287 PEDOT PSS 279:287 PEDOT PSS 279:287 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 2 42 theme resultant 409:417 arg1 composites 419:428 the resultant composites 405:428 the resultant composites 405:428 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 2 42 theme resultant 409:417 arg1 dried 442:446 dried 442:446 dried 442:446 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 3 43 theme photoelectron 542:554 arg1 XPS 570:572 XPS 570:572 XPS 570:572 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 43 theme photoelectron 542:554 arg1 spectroscopy 556:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 536:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 536:573 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 1 44 theme bacterial 144:152 arg1 membranes 169:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 3 45 theme Fourier-transform 630:646 arg1 spectroscopy 664:675 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 630:675 Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 630:675 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 1 46 dep ex 196:197 arg1 situ 199:202 situ 199:202 situ 199:202 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 7 47 theme light-emitting 1269:1282 arg1 diodes 1284:1289 organic light-emitting diodes 1261:1289 organic light-emitting diodes 1261:1289 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 1 48 theme cellulose 154:162 arg1 membranes 169:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 2 49 from temperature 459:469 arg1 composites 419:428 the resultant composites 405:428 the resultant composites 405:428 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 2 49 from temperature 459:469 arg1 dried 442:446 dried 442:446 dried 442:446 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 3 50 theme field-emission 576:589 arg1 FE-SEM 621:626 FE-SEM 621:626 FE-SEM 621:626 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 50 theme field-emission 576:589 arg1 microscopy 609:618 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 576:618 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 576:627 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 5 51 theme composite 979:987 arg1 preparation 989:999 composite preparation 979:999 composite preparation 979:999 The FTIR spectra of the composites exhibited characteristic bands for both BC and PEDOT PSS, and XRD analysis showed a slight decrease in crystallinity during composite preparation. 25965460 3 52 theme scanning 591:598 arg1 FE-SEM 621:626 FE-SEM 621:626 FE-SEM 621:626 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 3 52 theme scanning 591:598 arg1 microscopy 609:618 field-emission scanning electron microscopy 576:618 field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) 576:627 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 25965460 1 53 theme BC 165:166 arg1 membranes 169:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes 120:177 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 1 54 theme -poly 253:257 arg1 incorporation 204:216 ex situ incorporation 196:216 ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles 196:306 Electrically conducting bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were prepared by ex situ incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) into BC pellicles. 25965460 2 55 theme ambient 451:457 arg1 temperature 459:469 ambient temperature 451:469 ambient temperature 451:469 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 6 56 theme composites 1037:1046 arg1 12.17S/cm 1052:1060 12.17S/cm 1052:1060 12.17S/cm 1052:1060 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 6 56 theme composites 1037:1046 arg1 conductivity 1017:1028 The electrical conductivity 1002:1028 The electrical conductivity of the composites 1002:1046 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 2 57 theme PEDOT 368:372 arg1 PSS 374:376 PEDOT PSS 368:376 PEDOT PSS 368:376 The BC pellicles were immersed into an aqueous solution of PEDOT PSS for 6, 12, 18, or 24h, and the resultant composites were vacuum dried at ambient temperature. 25965460 6 58 theme electrical 1006:1015 arg1 12.17S/cm 1052:1060 12.17S/cm 1052:1060 12.17S/cm 1052:1060 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 6 58 theme electrical 1006:1015 arg1 conductivity 1017:1028 The electrical conductivity 1002:1028 The electrical conductivity of the composites 1002:1046 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 6 59 theme % 1091:1091 arg1 PSS 1099:1101 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS 1083:1101 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS 1083:1101 The electrical conductivity of the composites was 12.17S/cm for incorporation of 31.24 wt% PEDOT PSS into the BC matrix. 25965460 7 60 theme PSS 1156:1158 arg1 composites 1160:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites 1123:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites 1123:1169 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 7 61 theme solar 1296:1300 arg1 cells 1302:1306 solar cells 1296:1306 solar cells 1296:1306 These highly conducting BC-PEDOT:PSS composites are expected to find potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as biosensors, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. 25965460 3 62 theme structural 476:485 arg1 features 487:494 The structural features 472:494 The structural features of the composites 472:512 The structural features of the composites were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). 28231561 0 0 theme glucansucrase-catalyzed 88:110 arg1 trans-α-glucosylation 112:132 Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation 62:132 Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation 62:132 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 2 1 theme β-d-glucosyl 556:567 arg1 moiety 569:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety 539:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion) 539:591 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 1 theme β-d-glucosyl 556:567 arg1 conversion 581:590 55% conversion 577:590 55% conversion 577:590 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 2 theme formed 386:391 arg1 products 393:400 the formed products 382:400 the formed products 382:400 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 3 theme MALDI-TOF 405:413 arg1 spectrometry 420:431 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 405:431 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 405:431 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 4 theme C-19 551:554 arg1 moiety 569:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety 539:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion) 539:591 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 4 theme C-19 551:554 arg1 conversion 581:590 55% conversion 577:590 55% conversion 577:590 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 1 5 from 180 207:209 arg1 enzyme 173:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme 135:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 135:209 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 5 6 theme carbohydrate 1032:1043 arg1 moieties 1045:1052 their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 1006:1052 their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 1006:1052 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 3 7 theme main 598:601 arg1 derivative 643:652 a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative 614:652 a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1) 614:662 The main product is a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1). 28231561 3 7 theme main 598:601 arg1 product 603:609 The main product 594:609 The main product 594:609 The main product is a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1). 28231561 1 8 theme wild-type 139:147 arg1 enzyme 173:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme 135:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 135:209 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 5 9 theme steviol 957:963 arg1 glycosides 965:974 steviol glycosides 957:974 steviol glycosides 957:974 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 4 10 dep alternating 788:798 arg1 α1 → 3 801:806 α1 → 3 801:806 α1 → 3 801:806 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 1 11 theme glucosyl 311:318 arg1 donor 320:324 glucosyl donor 311:324 glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process 311:356 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 2 12 theme % 579:579 arg1 moiety 569:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety 539:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion) 539:591 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 12 theme % 579:579 arg1 conversion 581:590 55% conversion 577:590 55% conversion 577:590 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 13 theme products 393:400 arg1 analysis 370:377 Structural analysis 359:377 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy 359:474 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 4 14 dep incorporation 703:715 arg1 up 693:694 up 693:694 up 693:694 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 2 15 theme 55 577:578 arg1 % 579:579 % 579:579 % 579:579 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 0 16 theme derivatives 38:48 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives 0:48 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 4 17 link -linked 822:828 arg1 residues 844:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 1 18 from donor 320:324 arg1 process 350:356 a transglucosylation process 329:356 a transglucosylation process 329:356 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 2 19 theme methylation 434:444 arg1 analysis 446:453 methylation analysis 434:453 methylation analysis 434:453 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives 0:48 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 2 21 theme Structural 359:368 arg1 analysis 370:377 Structural analysis 359:377 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy 359:474 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 0 22 theme rebaudioside 23:34 arg1 derivatives 38:48 rebaudioside A derivatives 23:48 rebaudioside A derivatives 23:48 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 5 23 theme moieties 1045:1052 arg1 modification 990:1001 enzymatic modification 980:1001 enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 980:1052 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 2 24 theme rebaudioside 488:499 arg1 A 501:501 rebaudioside A 488:501 rebaudioside A 488:501 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 5 25 theme glycosides 965:974 arg1 taste 948:952 the taste 944:952 the taste of steviol glycosides 944:974 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 0 26 dep Lactobacillus 62:74 arg1 reuteri 76:82 reuteri 76:82 reuteri 76:82 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 4 27 dep -linked 822:828 arg1 α1 → 6 815:820 α1 → 6 815:820 α1 → 6 815:820 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 2 28 theme steviol 543:549 arg1 moiety 569:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety 539:574 the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion) 539:591 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 2 28 theme steviol 543:549 arg1 conversion 581:590 55% conversion 577:590 55% conversion 577:590 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 1 29 theme transglucosylation 331:348 arg1 process 350:356 a transglucosylation process 329:356 a transglucosylation process 329:356 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 3 30 theme -glucosylated 629:641 arg1 product 603:609 The main product 594:609 The main product 594:609 The main product is a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1). 28231561 3 30 theme -glucosylated 629:641 arg1 derivative 643:652 a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative 614:652 a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1) 614:662 The main product is a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1). 28231561 3 30 theme -glucosylated 629:641 arg1 RebA-G1 655:661 RebA-G1 655:661 RebA-G1 655:661 The main product is a mono-(α1 → 6)-glucosylated derivative (RebA-G1). 28231561 4 31 theme minor 677:681 arg1 products 683:690 minor products 677:690 minor products 677:690 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 0 32 theme A 36:36 arg1 derivatives 38:48 rebaudioside A derivatives 23:48 rebaudioside A derivatives 23:48 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 5 33 theme occurring 1022:1030 arg1 moieties 1045:1052 their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 1006:1052 their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 1006:1052 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 1 34 theme steviol 260:266 arg1 A 291:291 the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 256:291 the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 256:291 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 4 35 with RebA-G1 768:774 arg1 residues 844:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 4 36 theme glucopyranose 830:842 arg1 residues 844:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 1 37 theme Gtf180-ΔN 149:157 arg1 enzyme 173:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme 135:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 135:209 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 4 38 theme -linked 822:828 arg1 residues 844:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 1 39 theme glucansucrase 159:171 arg1 enzyme 173:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme 135:178 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 135:209 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 4 40 theme residues 734:741 arg1 incorporation 703:715 the incorporation 699:715 the incorporation of eight glucose residues 699:741 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 5 41 theme enzymatic 980:988 arg1 modification 990:1001 enzymatic modification 980:1001 enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 980:1052 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 1 42 theme glycoside 268:276 arg1 A 291:291 the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 256:291 the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 256:291 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 5 43 theme program 905:911 arg1 context 892:898 the context 888:898 the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties 888:1052 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 4 44 theme alternating 788:798 arg1 residues 844:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 781:851 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 4 45 theme RebA-G1 768:774 arg1 elongations 753:763 elongations 753:763 elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues 753:851 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 1 46 theme rebaudioside 278:289 arg1 A 291:291 the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 256:291 the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 256:291 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 2 47 theme NMR 459:461 arg1 spectroscopy 463:474 NMR spectroscopy 459:474 NMR spectroscopy 459:474 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 5 48 theme taste 948:952 arg1 improvement 929:939 the improvement 925:939 the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides 925:974 These studies were carried out in the context of a program directed to the improvement of the taste of steviol glycosides via enzymatic modification of their naturally occurring carbohydrate moieties. 28231561 4 49 theme products 683:690 arg1 series 667:672 A series 665:672 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, 665:742 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28231561 1 50 theme A 291:291 arg1 α-glucosylation 237:251 the α-glucosylation 233:251 the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A 233:291 The wild-type Gtf180-ΔN glucansucrase enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 was found to catalyze the α-glucosylation of the steviol glycoside rebaudioside A, using sucrose as glucosyl donor in a transglucosylation process. 28231561 0 51 theme Lactobacillus 62:74 arg1 trans-α-glucosylation 112:132 Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation 62:132 Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation 62:132 Structural analysis of rebaudioside A derivatives obtained by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 glucansucrase-catalyzed trans-α-glucosylation. 28231561 2 52 theme mass 415:418 arg1 spectrometry 420:431 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 405:431 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry 405:431 Structural analysis of the formed products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that rebaudioside A is specifically α-d-glucosylated at the steviol C-19 β-d-glucosyl moiety (55% conversion). 28231561 4 53 theme glucose 726:732 arg1 residues 734:741 eight glucose residues 720:741 eight glucose residues 720:741 A series of minor products, up to the incorporation of eight glucose residues, comprise elongations of RebA-G1 with mainly alternating (α1 → 3)- and (α1 → 6)-linked glucopyranose residues. 28371609 8 0 theme glycomodified 1824:1836 arg1 antibodies 1838:1847 the glycomodified antibodies 1820:1847 the glycomodified antibodies 1820:1847 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 3 1 dep plant 641:645 arg1 TPB-WT 659:664 TPB-WT 659:664 TPB-WT 659:664 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 3 1 dep plant 641:645 arg1 PPB-WT 648:653 PPB-WT 648:653 PPB-WT 648:653 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 8 2 link Asn297-linked 1767:1779 arg1 glycans 1781:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 7 3 theme total 1415:1419 arg1 content 1434:1440 TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1405:1440 TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1405:1440 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 3 4 theme N. 688:689 arg1 benthamiana 691:701 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana 671:701 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana 671:701 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 5 5 link Asn297-linked 1114:1126 arg1 glycans 1128:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 3 6 with benthamiana 629:639 arg1 genes 724:728 XT and FT genes 714:728 XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT) 714:763 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 4 7 theme anti-α1,3-fucose 793:808 arg1 antibodies 826:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 3 8 theme transgenic 671:680 arg1 benthamiana 691:701 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana 671:701 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana 671:701 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 4 9 theme anti-xylose 814:824 arg1 antibodies 826:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 3 10 theme XT 714:715 arg1 genes 724:728 XT and FT genes 714:728 XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT) 714:763 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 6 11 theme glycan 1225:1230 arg1 core 1175:1178 The core 1171:1178 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1171:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 1 12 theme anticancer 199:208 arg1 antibodies 222:231 anticancer therapeutic antibodies 199:231 anticancer therapeutic antibodies 199:231 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 7 13 theme N. 1616:1617 arg1 plants 1631:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 2 14 theme trastuzumab 534:544 arg1 biosimilar 552:561 trastuzumab plant biosimilar 534:561 trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB) 534:567 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 2 14 theme trastuzumab 534:544 arg1 TPB 564:566 TPB 564:566 TPB 564:566 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 6 15 theme galactose 1312:1320 arg1 absence 1292:1298 the absence 1288:1298 the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid 1288:1336 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 1 16 theme glycosylation 371:383 arg1 study 348:352 study 348:352 study of plant protein glycosylation 348:383 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 1 17 theme antibodies 222:231 arg1 biosimilars 184:194 Plant biosimilars 178:194 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies 178:231 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 7 18 theme transgenic 1599:1608 arg1 plants 1631:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 6 19 theme GnGn-type 1215:1223 arg1 glycan 1225:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 3 20 theme knockout 730:737 arg1 genes 724:728 XT and FT genes 714:728 XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT) 714:763 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 5 21 theme glycomodified 1041:1053 arg1 peptides 1055:1062 glycomodified peptides 1041:1062 glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF 1041:1082 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 8 22 theme xylose 1733:1738 arg1 residues 1751:1758 xylose and fucose residues 1733:1758 xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans 1733:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 3 23 dep wild-type 604:612 arg1 WT 615:616 WT 615:616 WT 615:616 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 5 24 theme type 1158:1161 arg1 GnGnXF 1163:1168 complex type GnGnXF 1150:1168 complex type GnGnXF 1150:1168 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 6 25 theme TPB-WT 1194:1199 arg1 glycan 1225:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 3 26 theme FT 721:722 arg1 genes 724:728 XT and FT genes 714:728 XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT) 714:763 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 0 27 theme Xylosyltransferase 143:160 arg1 Knockouts 167:175 Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 143:175 Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 143:175 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 8 28 theme fucose 1744:1749 arg1 residues 1751:1758 xylose and fucose residues 1733:1758 xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans 1733:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 6 29 theme PPB-WT 1183:1188 arg1 core 1175:1178 The core 1171:1178 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1171:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 4 30 with analysis 779:786 arg1 F 883:883 peptide-N-glycosidase F 861:883 peptide-N-glycosidase F 861:883 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 4 30 with analysis 779:786 arg1 antibodies 826:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 3 31 theme wild-type 604:612 arg1 benthamiana 629:639 wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) 604:665 wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) 604:665 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 4 32 with test 851:854 arg1 F 883:883 peptide-N-glycosidase F 861:883 peptide-N-glycosidase F 861:883 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 4 32 with test 851:854 arg1 antibodies 826:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 793:835 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 4 33 theme xylose 927:932 arg1 absence 900:906 the absence 896:906 the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose 896:932 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 0 34 with Plant 109:113 arg1 Fucosyltransferase 120:137 Fucosyltransferase 120:137 Fucosyltransferase 120:137 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 0 34 with Plant 109:113 arg1 Knockouts 167:175 Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 143:175 Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 143:175 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 0 35 theme Asn297-linked 62:74 arg1 Glycan 76:81 Asn297-linked Glycan 62:81 Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 62:175 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 5 36 theme PPB-WT 1096:1101 arg1 glycans 1128:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 8 37 theme Asn297-linked 1767:1779 arg1 glycans 1781:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 2 38 link Asn297-linked 494:506 arg1 glycan 508:513 its Asn297-linked glycan 490:513 its Asn297-linked glycan 490:513 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 5 39 theme TPB-WT 1107:1112 arg1 glycans 1128:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 2 40 theme glycan 508:513 arg1 composition 475:485 the composition 471:485 the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB) 471:567 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 0 41 theme mAbs 90:93 arg1 Glycan 76:81 Asn297-linked Glycan 62:81 Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 62:175 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 4 42 theme α1,3-fucose 911:921 arg1 absence 900:906 the absence 896:906 the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose 896:932 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 8 43 theme capacity 1682:1689 arg1 study 1653:1657 study 1653:1657 study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars 1653:1708 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 6 44 theme sialic 1326:1331 arg1 acid 1333:1336 sialic acid 1326:1336 sialic acid 1326:1336 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 1 45 theme plant 357:361 arg1 glycosylation 371:383 plant protein glycosylation 357:383 plant protein glycosylation 357:383 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 2 46 theme plant 431:435 arg1 PPB 449:451 PPB 449:451 PPB 449:451 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 2 46 theme plant 431:435 arg1 biosimilar 437:446 a pertuzumab plant biosimilar 418:446 a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) 418:452 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 0 47 theme Trastuzumab 0:10 arg1 Biosimilars 33:43 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars 0:43 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 0:176 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 5 48 theme complex 1150:1156 arg1 GnGnXF 1163:1168 complex type GnGnXF 1150:1168 complex type GnGnXF 1150:1168 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 0 49 theme Pertuzumab 16:25 arg1 Biosimilars 33:43 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars 0:43 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 0:176 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 1 50 theme use 302:304 arg1 prospects 273:281 the prospects 269:281 the prospects of their practical use 269:304 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 7 51 theme benthamiana 1619:1629 arg1 plants 1631:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 3 52 theme Nicotiana 619:627 arg1 benthamiana 629:639 wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) 604:665 wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) 604:665 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 4 53 theme Western 766:772 arg1 analysis 779:786 Western blot analysis 766:786 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 766:835 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 4 54 theme PPB-ΔXTFT 965:973 arg1 glycan 955:960 the Asn297-linked glycan 937:960 the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT 937:987 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 6 55 theme human 1382:1386 arg1 IgG 1388:1390 human IgG 1382:1390 human IgG 1382:1390 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 7 56 theme carbohydrate 1503:1514 arg1 profile 1516:1522 the carbohydrate profile 1499:1522 the carbohydrate profile 1499:1522 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 5 57 theme Peptide 990:996 arg1 analysis 998:1005 Peptide analysis 990:1005 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF 990:1082 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 8 58 from absence 1722:1728 arg1 glycans 1781:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 3 59 with benthamiana 691:701 arg1 genes 724:728 XT and FT genes 714:728 XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT) 714:763 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 8 60 theme antibodies 1838:1847 arg1 ability 1809:1815 the ability 1805:1815 the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1805:1895 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 3 61 dep benthamiana 629:639 arg1 plant 641:645 plant 641:645 wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) 604:665 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 3 61 dep benthamiana 629:639 arg1 plant 703:707 plant 703:707 plant 703:707 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 1 62 theme prospects 273:281 arg1 interest 240:247 interest 240:247 interest 240:247 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 7 63 theme carbohydrate 1421:1432 arg1 content 1434:1440 TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1405:1440 TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1405:1440 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 8 64 theme HER2/neu 1866:1873 arg1 cells 1891:1895 HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1866:1895 HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1866:1895 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 8 65 theme antigen-binding 1666:1680 arg1 capacity 1682:1689 the antigen-binding capacity 1662:1689 the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars 1662:1708 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 1 66 theme Plant 178:182 arg1 biosimilars 184:194 Plant biosimilars 178:194 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies 178:231 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 7 67 theme content 1434:1440 arg1 Analysis 1393:1400 Analysis 1393:1400 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1393:1440 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 7 68 theme TPB-ΔXTFT 1405:1413 arg1 content 1434:1440 TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1405:1440 TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content 1405:1440 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 3 69 theme ΔXTFT 682:686 arg1 benthamiana 691:701 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana 671:701 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana 671:701 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 8 70 theme cancer 1884:1889 arg1 cells 1891:1895 HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1866:1895 HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1866:1895 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 7 71 theme ΔXTFT 1610:1614 arg1 plants 1631:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1599:1636 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 8 72 theme positive 1875:1882 arg1 cells 1891:1895 HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1866:1895 HER2/neu positive cancer cells 1866:1895 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 0 73 dep Biosimilars 33:43 arg1 Modification 46:57 Modification 46:57 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 0:176 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 8 74 theme biosimilars 1698:1708 arg1 capacity 1682:1689 the antigen-binding capacity 1662:1689 the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars 1662:1708 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 1 75 theme therapeutic 210:220 arg1 antibodies 222:231 anticancer therapeutic antibodies 199:231 anticancer therapeutic antibodies 199:231 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 4 76 theme peptide-N-glycosidase 861:881 arg1 F 883:883 peptide-N-glycosidase F 861:883 peptide-N-glycosidase F 861:883 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 6 77 link Asn297-linked 1201:1213 arg1 glycan 1225:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 6 78 theme terminal 1303:1310 arg1 galactose 1312:1320 terminal galactose 1303:1320 terminal galactose 1303:1320 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 7 79 theme antibody 1578:1585 arg1 portion 1564:1570 the Fab portion 1556:1570 the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1556:1636 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 2 80 from composition 475:485 arg1 comparison 518:527 comparison 518:527 comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB) 518:567 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 6 81 theme Asn297-linked 1201:1213 arg1 glycan 1225:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1194:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 8 82 from residues 1751:1758 arg1 glycans 1781:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 the Asn297-linked glycans 1763:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 0 83 theme Gene 162:165 arg1 Knockouts 167:175 Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 143:175 Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 143:175 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 5 84 theme peptides 1055:1062 arg1 identification 1023:1036 the identification 1019:1036 the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF 1019:1082 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 7 85 theme Fab 1560:1562 arg1 portion 1564:1570 the Fab portion 1556:1570 the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants 1556:1636 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 2 86 theme plant 546:550 arg1 biosimilar 552:561 trastuzumab plant biosimilar 534:561 trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB) 534:567 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 2 86 theme plant 546:550 arg1 TPB 564:566 TPB 564:566 TPB 564:566 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 8 87 from glycans 1781:1787 arg1 absence 1722:1728 absence 1722:1728 absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans 1722:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 0 88 theme Glycan 76:81 arg1 Modification 46:57 Modification 46:57 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 0:176 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 8 89 theme residues 1751:1758 arg1 absence 1722:1728 absence 1722:1728 absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans 1722:1787 Nevertheless, study of the antigen-binding capacity of the biosimilars showed that absence of xylose and fucose residues in the Asn297-linked glycans does not affect the ability of the glycomodified antibodies to interact with HER2/neu positive cancer cells. 28371609 6 90 theme plant 1359:1363 arg1 biosimilars 1365:1375 these plant biosimilars 1353:1375 these plant biosimilars 1353:1375 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 5 91 theme Asn297-linked 1114:1126 arg1 glycans 1128:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans 1096:1134 Peptide analysis followed by the identification of glycomodified peptides using MALDI-TOF/TOF showed that PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked glycans are mainly of complex type GnGnXF. 28371609 2 92 theme Asn297-linked 494:506 arg1 glycan 508:513 its Asn297-linked glycan 490:513 its Asn297-linked glycan 490:513 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 6 93 theme acid 1333:1336 arg1 absence 1292:1298 the absence 1288:1298 the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid 1288:1336 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 1 94 theme protein 363:369 arg1 glycosylation 371:383 plant protein glycosylation 357:383 plant protein glycosylation 357:383 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 2 95 theme pertuzumab 420:429 arg1 PPB 449:451 PPB 449:451 PPB 449:451 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 2 95 theme pertuzumab 420:429 arg1 biosimilar 437:446 a pertuzumab plant biosimilar 418:446 a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) 418:452 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 4 96 link Asn297-linked 941:953 arg1 glycan 955:960 the Asn297-linked glycan 937:960 the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT 937:987 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 0 97 theme Plant 27:31 arg1 Biosimilars 33:43 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars 0:43 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 0:176 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 1 98 theme practical 292:300 arg1 use 302:304 their practical use 286:304 their practical use 286:304 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 6 99 contain contains 1232:1239 arg2 β1,2-xylose 1257:1267 β1,2-xylose 1257:1267 β1,2-xylose 1257:1267 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 6 99 contain contains 1232:1239 arg1 core 1175:1178 The core 1171:1178 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan 1171:1230 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 6 99 contain contains 1232:1239 arg2 α1,3-fucose 1241:1251 α1,3-fucose 1241:1251 α1,3-fucose 1241:1251 The core of PPB-WT and TPB-WT Asn297-linked GnGn-type glycan contains α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose, which, along with the absence of terminal galactose and sialic acid, distinguishes these plant biosimilars from human IgG. 28371609 1 100 dep instrument 322:331 arg1 an 319:320 an 319:320 an 319:320 Plant biosimilars of anticancer therapeutic antibodies are of interest not only because of the prospects of their practical use, but also as an instrument and object for study of plant protein glycosylation. 28371609 4 101 theme Asn297-linked 941:953 arg1 glycan 955:960 the Asn297-linked glycan 937:960 the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT 937:987 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 3 102 dep knockout 730:737 arg1 TPB-ΔXTFT 754:762 TPB-ΔXTFT 754:762 TPB-ΔXTFT 754:762 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 3 102 dep knockout 730:737 arg1 PPB-ΔXTFT 740:748 PPB-ΔXTFT 740:748 PPB-ΔXTFT 740:748 Both biosimilars were produced in wild-type (WT) Nicotiana benthamiana plant (PPB-WT and TPB-WT) and transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plant with XT and FT genes knockout (PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT). 28371609 4 103 theme blot 774:777 arg1 analysis 779:786 Western blot analysis 766:786 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies 766:835 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28371609 2 104 with comparison 518:527 arg1 biosimilar 552:561 trastuzumab plant biosimilar 534:561 trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB) 534:567 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 2 104 with comparison 518:527 arg1 TPB 564:566 TPB 564:566 TPB 564:566 In this work, we first designed a pertuzumab plant biosimilar (PPB) and investigated the composition of its Asn297-linked glycan in comparison with trastuzumab plant biosimilar (TPB). 28371609 7 105 theme profile 1516:1522 arg1 composition 1484:1494 the composition 1480:1494 the composition of the carbohydrate profile 1480:1522 Analysis of TPB-ΔXTFT total carbohydrate content indicates the possibility of changing the composition of the carbohydrate profile not only of the Fc, but also of the Fab portion of an antibody produced in transgenic ΔXTFT N. benthamiana plants. 28371609 0 106 link Asn297-linked 62:74 arg1 Glycan 76:81 Asn297-linked Glycan 62:81 Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts 62:175 Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab Plant Biosimilars: Modification of Asn297-linked Glycan of the mAbs Produced in a Plant with Fucosyltransferase and Xylosyltransferase Gene Knockouts. 28371609 4 107 theme TPB-ΔXTFT 979:987 arg1 glycan 955:960 the Asn297-linked glycan 937:960 the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT 937:987 Western blot analysis with anti-α1,3-fucose and anti-xylose antibodies, as well as a test with peptide-N-glycosidase F, confirmed the absence of α1,3-fucose and xylose in the Asn297-linked glycan of PPB-ΔXTFT and TPB-ΔXTFT. 28547344 5 0 theme Man3GlcNAc 851:860 arg1 structure 873:881 the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure 847:881 the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure 847:881 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 5 1 theme Fuc 862:864 arg1 structure 873:881 the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure 847:881 the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure 847:881 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 4 2 located observed 762:769 arg1 larvae 701:706 silkworm larvae 692:706 silkworm larvae 692:706 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 4 2 located observed 762:769 arg2 suppression 721:731 the partial suppression 709:731 the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression 709:756 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 0 3 theme partial 71:77 arg1 suppression 79:89 partial suppression 71:89 partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression 71:132 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 1 4 from N-glycans 172:180 arg1 silkworms 185:193 silkworms 185:193 silkworms 185:193 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 7 5 theme gene 1202:1205 arg1 expression 1207:1216 BmFDL gene expression 1196:1216 BmFDL gene expression 1196:1216 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 2 6 from control 433:439 arg1 OpMNPV 564:569 OpMNPV 564:569 OpMNPV 564:569 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 6 from control 433:439 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 542:561 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus 512:561 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 512:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 7 from nucleopolyhedrovirus 542:561 arg1 control 433:439 the control 429:439 the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 429:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 7 from nucleopolyhedrovirus 542:561 arg1 promoter 454:461 the actin promoter 444:461 the actin promoter of B. mori 444:472 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 7 from nucleopolyhedrovirus 542:561 arg1 promoters 497:505 the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters 477:505 promoters 497:505 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 0 8 theme N-acetylglucosaminidase 94:116 arg1 expression 123:132 N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression 94:132 N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression 94:132 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 1 9 theme recombinant 331:341 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 351:370 recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus 331:370 recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) 331:378 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 1 9 theme recombinant 331:341 arg1 BmNPV 373:377 BmNPV 373:377 BmNPV 373:377 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 4 10 theme gene 742:745 arg1 expression 747:756 BmFDL gene expression 736:756 BmFDL gene expression 736:756 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 2 11 theme i.e.-2 490:495 arg1 promoters 497:505 the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters 477:505 promoters 497:505 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 1 12 theme B. mori 343:349 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 351:370 recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus 331:370 recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) 331:378 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 1 12 theme B. mori 343:349 arg1 BmNPV 373:377 BmNPV 373:377 BmNPV 373:377 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 5 13 theme human 927:931 arg1 IgG 933:935 recombinant human IgG 915:935 recombinant human IgG 915:935 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 6 14 theme recombinant 1147:1157 arg1 proteins 1159:1166 the expressed recombinant proteins 1133:1166 the expressed recombinant proteins 1133:1166 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 4 15 theme BmFDL 736:740 arg1 expression 747:756 BmFDL gene expression 736:756 BmFDL gene expression 736:756 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 0 16 theme expression 123:132 arg1 suppression 79:89 partial suppression 71:89 partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression 71:132 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 5 17 theme GlcNAc 866:871 arg1 structure 873:881 the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure 847:881 the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure 847:881 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 5 18 theme IgG 933:935 arg1 N-glycans 902:910 a main N-glycans 895:910 a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG 895:935 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 6 19 from alteration 1106:1115 arg1 proteins 1159:1166 the expressed recombinant proteins 1133:1166 the expressed recombinant proteins 1133:1166 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 5 20 theme U6-2 832:835 arg1 promoter 837:844 U6-2 promoter 832:844 U6-2 promoter 832:844 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 0 21 theme gene 118:121 arg1 expression 123:132 N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression 94:132 N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression 94:132 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 4 22 theme expression 747:756 arg1 suppression 721:731 the partial suppression 709:731 the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression 709:756 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 5 23 theme promoter 837:844 arg1 control 821:827 the control 817:827 the control of U6-2 promoter 817:844 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 2 24 theme B. 466:467 arg1 promoter 454:461 the actin promoter 444:461 the actin promoter of B. mori 444:472 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 24 theme B. 466:467 arg1 promoters 497:505 the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters 477:505 promoters 497:505 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 1 25 from N-acetylglucosaminidase 264:286 arg1 Golgi 307:311 the Golgi 303:311 the Golgi 303:311 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 4 26 theme partial 713:719 arg1 suppression 721:731 the partial suppression 709:731 the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression 709:756 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 3 27 theme U6-2 674:677 arg1 promoter 679:686 the U6-2 promoter 670:686 the U6-2 promoter 670:686 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 6 28 theme BmFDL 982:986 arg1 expression 988:997 BmFDL expression 982:997 BmFDL expression 982:997 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 6 29 from shRNA 1006:1010 arg1 silkworms 1015:1023 silkworms 1015:1023 silkworms 1015:1023 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 5 30 theme main 897:900 arg1 N-glycans 902:910 a main N-glycans 895:910 a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG 895:935 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 7 31 theme N-glycan 1315:1322 arg1 pathway 1334:1340 the N-glycan synthetic pathway 1311:1340 the N-glycan synthetic pathway 1311:1340 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 7 32 theme silkworm 1280:1287 arg1 larvae 1289:1294 silkworm larvae 1280:1294 silkworm larvae 1280:1294 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 0 33 theme recombinant 16:26 arg1 structure 45:53 a recombinant protein N-glycan structure 14:53 a recombinant protein N-glycan structure 14:53 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 6 34 theme expressed 1137:1145 arg1 proteins 1159:1166 the expressed recombinant proteins 1133:1166 the expressed recombinant proteins 1133:1166 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 2 35 theme multiple 533:540 arg1 OpMNPV 564:569 OpMNPV 564:569 OpMNPV 564:569 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 35 theme multiple 533:540 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 542:561 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus 512:561 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 512:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 7 36 theme complex 1259:1265 arg1 N-glycans 1267:1275 complex N-glycans 1259:1275 complex N-glycans 1259:1275 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 2 37 theme pseudotsugata 519:531 arg1 OpMNPV 564:569 OpMNPV 564:569 OpMNPV 564:569 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 37 theme pseudotsugata 519:531 arg1 nucleopolyhedrovirus 542:561 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus 512:561 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 512:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 3 38 theme Bm5 634:636 arg1 cells 638:642 Bm5 cells 634:642 Bm5 cells 634:642 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 1 39 theme fused 215:219 arg1 lobe 221:224 the fused lobe 211:224 the fused lobe 211:224 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 0 40 theme N-glycan 36:43 arg1 structure 45:53 a recombinant protein N-glycan structure 14:53 a recombinant protein N-glycan structure 14:53 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 2 41 theme Orgyia 512:517 arg1 pseudotsugata 519:531 Orgyia pseudotsugata 512:531 Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 512:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 7 42 theme expression 1207:1216 arg1 Suppression 1181:1191 CONCLUSIONS Suppression 1169:1191 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA 1169:1225 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 2 43 theme RESULTS 400:406 arg1 Expression 408:417 RESULTS Expression 400:417 RESULTS Expression 400:417 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 0 44 theme protein 28:34 arg1 structure 45:53 a recombinant protein N-glycan structure 14:53 a recombinant protein N-glycan structure 14:53 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 2 45 theme promoter 454:461 arg1 control 433:439 the control 429:439 the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 429:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 1 46 theme silkworm 383:390 arg1 larvae 392:397 silkworm larvae 383:397 silkworm larvae 383:397 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 2 47 theme U6-2 481:484 arg1 promoters 497:505 the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters 477:505 promoters 497:505 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 48 theme actin 448:452 arg1 promoter 454:461 the actin promoter 444:461 the actin promoter of B. mori 444:472 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 2 49 theme promoters 497:505 arg1 control 433:439 the control 429:439 the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) 429:570 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 3 50 located observed 622:629 arg1 cells 638:642 Bm5 cells 634:642 Bm5 cells 634:642 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 3 50 located observed 622:629 arg1 larvae 657:662 silkworm larvae 648:662 silkworm larvae 648:662 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 3 50 located observed 622:629 arg2 reduction 577:585 The reduction 573:585 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity 573:616 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 7 51 theme synthetic 1324:1332 arg1 pathway 1334:1340 the N-glycan synthetic pathway 1311:1340 the N-glycan synthetic pathway 1311:1340 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 6 52 theme N-glycan 1056:1063 arg1 pathway 1075:1081 its N-glycan synthetic pathway 1052:1081 its N-glycan synthetic pathway 1052:1081 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 4 53 theme silkworm 692:699 arg1 larvae 701:706 silkworm larvae 692:706 silkworm larvae 692:706 In silkworm larvae, the partial suppression of BmFDL gene expression was observed. 28547344 0 54 theme structure 45:53 arg1 Alteration 0:9 Alteration 0:9 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in 0:56 Alteration of a recombinant protein N-glycan structure in silkworms by partial suppression of N-acetylglucosaminidase gene expression. 28547344 6 55 theme N-glycans 1120:1128 arg1 alteration 1106:1115 the alteration 1102:1115 the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins 1102:1166 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 2 56 dep B. 466:467 arg1 mori 469:472 B. mori 466:472 B. mori 466:472 RESULTS Expression was under the control of the actin promoter of B. mori or the U6-2 and i.e.-2 promoters from Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV). 28547344 6 57 theme expression 988:997 arg1 control 971:977 the control 967:977 the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms 967:1023 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 3 58 theme activity 609:616 arg1 reduction 577:585 The reduction 573:585 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity 573:616 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 6 59 theme pathway 1075:1081 arg1 modification 1036:1047 the modification 1032:1047 the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins 1032:1166 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 1 60 theme Bombyx 231:236 arg1 BmFDL 244:248 BmFDL 244:248 BmFDL 244:248 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 1 60 theme Bombyx 231:236 arg1 mori 238:241 Bombyx mori 231:241 Bombyx mori (BmFDL) 231:249 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 1 61 from mori 238:241 arg1 shRNAs 196:201 shRNAs 196:201 shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, 196:312 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 5 62 theme recombinant 915:925 arg1 IgG 933:935 recombinant human IgG 915:935 recombinant human IgG 915:935 When shRNA against BmFDL was expressed under the control of U6-2 promoter, the Man3GlcNAc(Fuc)GlcNAc structure appeared in a main N-glycans of recombinant human IgG. 28547344 6 63 theme synthetic 1065:1073 arg1 pathway 1075:1081 its N-glycan synthetic pathway 1052:1081 its N-glycan synthetic pathway 1052:1081 These results suggested that the control of BmFDL expression by its shRNA in silkworms caused the modification of its N-glycan synthetic pathway, which may lead to the alteration of N-glycans in the expressed recombinant proteins. 28547344 3 64 theme silkworm 648:655 arg1 larvae 657:662 silkworm larvae 648:662 silkworm larvae 648:662 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 3 65 theme specific 590:597 arg1 activity 609:616 specific GlcNAcase activity 590:616 specific GlcNAcase activity 590:616 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 1 66 theme complex 159:165 arg1 N-glycans 172:180 complex type N-glycans 159:180 complex type N-glycans in silkworms 159:193 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 7 67 theme CONCLUSIONS 1169:1179 arg1 Suppression 1181:1191 CONCLUSIONS Suppression 1169:1191 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA 1169:1225 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28547344 3 68 theme GlcNAcase 599:607 arg1 activity 609:616 specific GlcNAcase activity 590:616 specific GlcNAcase activity 590:616 The reduction of specific GlcNAcase activity was observed in Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using the U6-2 promoter. 28547344 1 69 theme type 167:170 arg1 N-glycans 172:180 complex type N-glycans 159:180 complex type N-glycans in silkworms 159:193 OBJECTIVE To synthesize complex type N-glycans in silkworms, shRNAs against the fused lobe from Bombyx mori (BmFDL), which codes N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) in the Golgi, was expressed by recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) in silkworm larvae. 28547344 7 70 theme BmFDL 1196:1200 arg1 expression 1207:1216 BmFDL gene expression 1196:1216 BmFDL gene expression 1196:1216 CONCLUSIONS Suppression of BmFDL gene expression by shRNA is not sufficient to synthesize complex N-glycans in silkworm larvae but can modify the N-glycan synthetic pathway. 28465034 12 0 theme differences 1631:1641 arg1 significance 1609:1620 the significance 1605:1620 the significance of these differences 1605:1641 Further studies are needed to examine the significance of these differences. 28465034 11 1 dep proportions 1489:1499 arg1 the 1485:1487 the 1485:1487 the 1485:1487 There was considerable variation in the proportions and concentrations of disaccharides between different cell lines. 28465034 1 2 theme cellular 283:290 arg1 level 292:296 the cellular level 279:296 the cellular level 279:296 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 4 3 from quantification 667:680 arg1 GAG 740:742 5 μg GAG 735:742 5 μg GAG 735:742 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 6 4 theme heparan 919:925 arg1 sulfate 927:933 heparan sulfate 919:933 heparan sulfate 919:933 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 1 5 theme linear 182:187 arg1 polysaccharides 189:203 linear polysaccharides 182:203 linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level 182:296 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 10 6 theme abundant 1356:1363 arg1 ΔUA-GlcNAc 1402:1411 the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc 1387:1411 the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc 1387:1411 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 10 6 theme abundant 1356:1363 arg1 subunits 1365:1372 the most abundant subunits 1347:1372 the most abundant subunits present 1347:1380 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 0 7 theme single 110:115 arg1 monitoring 121:130 single ion monitoring 110:130 single ion monitoring 110:130 Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. 28465034 7 8 dep disaccharides 980:992 arg1 extracted 994:1002 extracted 994:1002 extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation 994:1071 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 7 8 dep disaccharides 980:992 arg1 derivatized 1077:1087 derivatized 1077:1087 derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone 1077:1134 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 8 9 theme ion 1202:1204 arg1 monitoring 1206:1215 single ion monitoring 1195:1215 single ion monitoring 1195:1215 Derivatized disaccharides were analyzed used UPLC-MS with single ion monitoring. 28465034 9 10 theme HS 1224:1225 arg1 subunits 1240:1247 Eight HS disaccharide subunits 1218:1247 Eight HS disaccharide subunits 1218:1247 Eight HS disaccharide subunits were separated and quantified from HS and cell lines in eleven minutes per sample. 28465034 4 11 from separation 652:661 arg1 GAG 740:742 5 μg GAG 735:742 5 μg GAG 735:742 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 8 12 theme single 1195:1200 arg1 monitoring 1206:1215 single ion monitoring 1195:1215 single ion monitoring 1195:1215 Derivatized disaccharides were analyzed used UPLC-MS with single ion monitoring. 28465034 8 13 theme Derivatized 1137:1147 arg1 disaccharides 1149:1161 Derivatized disaccharides 1137:1161 Derivatized disaccharides 1137:1161 Derivatized disaccharides were analyzed used UPLC-MS with single ion monitoring. 28465034 9 14 theme disaccharide 1227:1238 arg1 subunits 1240:1247 Eight HS disaccharide subunits 1218:1247 Eight HS disaccharide subunits 1218:1247 Eight HS disaccharide subunits were separated and quantified from HS and cell lines in eleven minutes per sample. 28465034 12 15 theme Further 1567:1573 arg1 studies 1575:1581 Further studies 1567:1581 Further studies 1567:1581 Further studies are needed to examine the significance of these differences. 28465034 0 16 from samples 57:63 arg1 measurement 29:39 measurement 29:39 measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring 29:130 Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. 28465034 6 17 theme levels 897:902 arg1 analysis 872:879 the novel analysis 862:879 the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines 862:961 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 2 18 theme increasing 308:317 arg1 evidence 319:326 increasing evidence that the nature of these effects is determined by differences in disaccharide composition 308:416 increasing evidence that the nature of these effects is determined by differences in disaccharide composition 308:416 There is increasing evidence that the nature of these effects is determined by differences in disaccharide composition. 28465034 7 19 theme Heparan 964:970 arg1 sulfate 972:978 Heparan sulfate 964:978 Heparan sulfate 964:978 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 1 20 theme polysaccharides 189:203 arg1 family 172:177 a heterogeneous family 156:177 a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level 156:296 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 1 20 theme polysaccharides 189:203 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 133:150 Glycosaminoglycans 133:150 Glycosaminoglycans 133:150 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 0 21 theme ion 117:119 arg1 monitoring 121:130 single ion monitoring 110:130 single ion monitoring 110:130 Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. 28465034 3 22 theme GAG 449:451 arg1 composition 466:476 GAG disaccharide composition 449:476 GAG disaccharide composition 449:476 However, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition in biological samples remains challenging and time-consuming. 28465034 6 23 theme cell 952:955 arg1 lines 957:961 human cancer cell lines 939:961 human cancer cell lines 939:961 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 4 24 theme rapid 646:650 arg1 separation 652:661 rapid separation 646:661 rapid separation 646:661 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 11 25 theme considerable 1459:1470 arg1 variation 1472:1480 considerable variation 1459:1480 considerable variation 1459:1480 There was considerable variation in the proportions and concentrations of disaccharides between different cell lines. 28465034 2 26 from differences 378:388 arg1 composition 406:416 disaccharide composition 393:416 disaccharide composition 393:416 There is increasing evidence that the nature of these effects is determined by differences in disaccharide composition. 28465034 4 27 from GAG 740:742 arg1 separation 652:661 rapid separation 646:661 rapid separation 646:661 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 4 27 from GAG 740:742 arg1 disaccharides 716:728 twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides 685:728 twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG 685:742 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 4 27 from GAG 740:742 arg1 quantification 667:680 quantification 667:680 quantification 667:680 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 3 28 theme composition 466:476 arg1 determination 432:444 the determination 428:444 the determination of GAG disaccharide composition in biological samples 428:498 However, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition in biological samples remains challenging and time-consuming. 28465034 0 29 theme Heparan 0:6 arg1 sulfate 8:14 Heparan sulfate 0:14 Heparan sulfate 0:14 Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. 28465034 8 30 theme used 1177:1180 arg1 UPLC-MS 1182:1188 used UPLC-MS 1177:1188 used UPLC-MS 1177:1188 Derivatized disaccharides were analyzed used UPLC-MS with single ion monitoring. 28465034 10 31 from ΔUA-GlcNAc 1402:1411 arg1 samples 1339:1345 all samples 1335:1345 all samples 1335:1345 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 6 32 theme novel 866:870 arg1 analysis 872:879 the novel analysis 862:879 the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines 862:961 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 7 33 theme reductive 1095:1103 arg1 amination 1105:1113 reductive amination 1095:1113 reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone 1095:1134 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 1 34 theme disaccharide 228:239 arg1 subunits 241:248 disaccharide subunits 228:248 disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level 228:296 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 10 35 from ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S 1414:1426 arg1 samples 1339:1345 all samples 1335:1345 all samples 1335:1345 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 4 36 theme sulfate 708:714 arg1 disaccharides 716:728 twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides 685:728 twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG 685:742 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 0 37 theme biological 46:55 arg1 samples 57:63 biological samples 46:63 biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring 46:130 Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. 28465034 3 38 theme disaccharide 453:464 arg1 composition 466:476 GAG disaccharide composition 449:476 GAG disaccharide composition 449:476 However, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition in biological samples remains challenging and time-consuming. 28465034 11 39 theme cell 1555:1558 arg1 lines 1560:1564 different cell lines 1545:1564 different cell lines 1545:1564 There was considerable variation in the proportions and concentrations of disaccharides between different cell lines. 28465034 10 40 from ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S 1432:1446 arg1 samples 1339:1345 all samples 1335:1345 all samples 1335:1345 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 7 41 with amination 1105:1113 arg1 2-aminoacridone 1120:1134 2-aminoacridone 1120:1134 2-aminoacridone 1120:1134 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 11 42 theme disaccharides 1523:1535 arg1 concentrations 1505:1518 concentrations 1505:1518 concentrations 1505:1518 There was considerable variation in the proportions and concentrations of disaccharides between different cell lines. 28465034 11 42 theme disaccharides 1523:1535 arg1 proportions 1489:1499 proportions 1489:1499 proportions 1489:1499 There was considerable variation in the proportions and concentrations of disaccharides between different cell lines. 28465034 5 43 theme detection 755:763 arg1 Limits 745:750 Limits 745:750 Limits of detection and quantitation 745:780 Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.02-0.15 and 0.07-0.31 μg/ml respectively. 28465034 3 44 theme biological 481:490 arg1 samples 492:498 biological samples 481:498 biological samples 481:498 However, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition in biological samples remains challenging and time-consuming. 28465034 9 45 theme cell 1291:1294 arg1 lines 1296:1300 cell lines 1291:1300 cell lines 1291:1300 Eight HS disaccharide subunits were separated and quantified from HS and cell lines in eleven minutes per sample. 28465034 7 46 dep actinase 1038:1045 arg1 incubation 1062:1071 incubation 1062:1071 incubation 1062:1071 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 4 47 theme ion 605:607 arg1 recording 609:617 selected ion recording 596:617 selected ion recording 596:617 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 6 48 theme cancer 945:950 arg1 lines 957:961 human cancer cell lines 939:961 human cancer cell lines 939:961 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 6 49 theme human 939:943 arg1 lines 957:961 human cancer cell lines 939:961 human cancer cell lines 939:961 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 10 50 theme unsulfated 1391:1400 arg1 ΔUA-GlcNAc 1402:1411 the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc 1387:1411 the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc 1387:1411 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 10 50 theme unsulfated 1391:1400 arg1 subunits 1365:1372 the most abundant subunits 1347:1372 the most abundant subunits present 1347:1380 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 4 51 theme selected 596:603 arg1 recording 609:617 selected ion recording 596:617 selected ion recording 596:617 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 5 52 theme quantitation 769:780 arg1 Limits 745:750 Limits 745:750 Limits of detection and quantitation 745:780 Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.02-0.15 and 0.07-0.31 μg/ml respectively. 28465034 6 53 theme disaccharide 884:895 arg1 levels 897:902 disaccharide levels 884:902 disaccharide levels 884:902 We have applied this method to the novel analysis of disaccharide levels extracted from heparan sulfate and human cancer cell lines. 28465034 11 54 theme different 1545:1553 arg1 lines 1560:1564 different cell lines 1545:1564 different cell lines 1545:1564 There was considerable variation in the proportions and concentrations of disaccharides between different cell lines. 28465034 1 55 theme many 263:266 arg1 effects 268:274 many effects 263:274 many effects 263:274 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 2 56 theme effects 353:359 arg1 nature 337:342 the nature 333:342 the nature of these effects 333:359 There is increasing evidence that the nature of these effects is determined by differences in disaccharide composition. 28465034 7 57 theme biological 1009:1018 arg1 samples 1020:1026 biological samples 1009:1026 biological samples 1009:1026 Heparan sulfate disaccharides extracted from biological samples following actinase and heparinase incubation and derivatized using reductive amination with 2-aminoacridone. 28465034 4 58 theme disaccharides 716:728 arg1 separation 652:661 rapid separation 646:661 rapid separation 646:661 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 4 58 theme disaccharides 716:728 arg1 quantification 667:680 quantification 667:680 quantification 667:680 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 1 59 theme heterogeneous 158:170 arg1 family 172:177 a heterogeneous family 156:177 a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level 156:296 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 1 59 theme heterogeneous 158:170 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 133:150 Glycosaminoglycans 133:150 Glycosaminoglycans 133:150 Glycosaminoglycans are a heterogeneous family of linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide subunits that mediate many effects at the cellular level. 28465034 10 60 theme present 1374:1380 arg1 ΔUA-GlcNAc 1402:1411 the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc 1387:1411 the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc 1387:1411 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 10 60 theme present 1374:1380 arg1 subunits 1365:1372 the most abundant subunits 1347:1372 the most abundant subunits present 1347:1380 In all samples the most abundant subunits present were the unsulfated ΔUA-GlcNAc, ΔUA-GlcNAc,6S and ΔUA,2S-GlcNS,6S. 28465034 4 61 theme heparin/heparin 692:706 arg1 disaccharides 716:728 twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides 685:728 twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG 685:742 We have developed a method that uses derivatization and selected ion recording and RP-UPLCMS resulting in rapid separation and quantification of twelve heparin/heparin sulfate disaccharides from 5 μg GAG. 28465034 0 62 theme pre-column 71:80 arg1 derivatization 82:95 pre-column derivatization 71:95 pre-column derivatization 71:95 Heparan sulfate disaccharide measurement from biological samples using pre-column derivatization, UPLC-MS and single ion monitoring. 28465034 3 63 from determination 432:444 arg1 samples 492:498 biological samples 481:498 biological samples 481:498 However, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition in biological samples remains challenging and time-consuming. 28465034 2 64 theme disaccharide 393:404 arg1 composition 406:416 disaccharide composition 393:416 disaccharide composition 393:416 There is increasing evidence that the nature of these effects is determined by differences in disaccharide composition. 28697470 0 0 theme tucumã 84:89 arg1 walls 75:79 the fruit cell walls 60:79 the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 60:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 6 1 theme tucumã 944:949 arg1 extract 960:966 The tucumã alkaline extract 940:966 The tucumã alkaline extract 940:966 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 0 2 from Arecaceae 159:167 arg1 monocotyledon 129:141 a commelinid monocotyledon 116:141 a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae 116:167 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 2 from Arecaceae 159:167 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 0:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 6 3 theme alkaline 951:958 arg1 extract 960:966 The tucumã alkaline extract 940:966 The tucumã alkaline extract 940:966 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 0 4 from diversity 11:19 arg1 walls 75:79 the fruit cell walls 60:79 the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 60:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 5 5 theme monosaccharide 850:863 arg1 composition 865:875 monosaccharide composition 850:875 monosaccharide composition 850:875 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 6 6 theme acidic 996:1001 arg1 galactoarabinoxylan 1003:1021 a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan 978:1021 a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%) 978:1029 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 6 theme acidic 996:1001 arg1 % 1028:1028 53.7% 1024:1028 53.7% 1024:1028 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 7 theme branched 1084:1091 arg1 glucuronoxylan 1093:1106 a low branched glucuronoxylan 1078:1106 a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) 1078:1114 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 7 theme branched 1084:1091 arg1 % 1113:1113 14.1% 1109:1113 14.1% 1109:1113 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 5 8 theme 13C-NMR 926:932 arg1 data 934:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 1 9 theme family 256:261 arg1 Arecaceae 263:271 the family Arecaceae 252:271 the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 252:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 5 10 theme molecular 891:899 arg1 determination 908:920 molecular weight determination 891:920 molecular weight determination 891:920 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 4 11 from proportions 749:759 arg1 present 730:736 present 730:736 present 730:736 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 12 theme greater 741:747 arg1 proportions 749:759 greater proportions 741:759 greater proportions (6.4% yield) 741:772 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 12 theme greater 741:747 arg1 yield 767:771 6.4% yield 762:771 6.4% yield 762:771 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 1 13 theme Arecaceae 263:271 arg1 members 241:247 members 241:247 members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 241:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 7 14 theme major 1163:1167 arg1 similar 1238:1244 similar 1238:1244 similar 1238:1244 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 14 theme major 1163:1167 arg1 polysaccharide 1169:1182 The major polysaccharide 1159:1182 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) 1159:1233 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 4 15 theme 6.4 762:764 arg1 % 765:765 % 765:765 % 765:765 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 5 16 theme methylation 878:888 arg1 data 934:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 4 17 theme % 804:804 arg1 ones 795:798 water-extracted ones 779:798 water-extracted ones (3.0% yield) 779:811 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 17 theme % 804:804 arg1 yield 806:810 3.0% yield 801:810 3.0% yield 801:810 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 1 18 from families 395:402 arg1 distinguishable 357:371 distinguishable 357:371 distinguishable 357:371 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 1 19 from clade 291:295 arg1 members 241:247 members 241:247 members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 241:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 6 20 theme ramified 987:994 arg1 galactoarabinoxylan 1003:1021 a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan 978:1021 a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%) 978:1029 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 20 theme ramified 987:994 arg1 % 1028:1028 53.7% 1024:1028 53.7% 1024:1028 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 4 21 attach present 730:736 arg1 proportions 749:759 greater proportions 741:759 greater proportions (6.4% yield) 741:772 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 21 attach present 730:736 arg1 yield 767:771 6.4% yield 762:771 6.4% yield 762:771 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 21 attach present 730:736 arg2 polysaccharides 669:683 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides 654:683 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp 654:723 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 1 22 theme other 378:382 arg1 families 395:402 other commelinid families 378:402 other commelinid families 378:402 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 4 23 from present 730:736 arg1 proportions 749:759 greater proportions 741:759 greater proportions (6.4% yield) 741:772 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 23 from present 730:736 arg1 yield 767:771 6.4% yield 762:771 6.4% yield 762:771 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 0 24 dep tucumã 84:89 arg1 aculeatum 104:112 Astrocaryum aculeatum 92:112 Astrocaryum aculeatum 92:112 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 1 25 theme polysaccharide 174:187 arg1 compositions 189:200 The polysaccharide compositions 170:200 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 170:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 monocotyledon 129:141 a commelinid monocotyledon 116:141 a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae 116:167 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 0:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 5 27 theme weight 901:906 arg1 determination 908:920 molecular weight determination 891:920 molecular weight determination 891:920 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 0 28 theme alkali-soluble 24:37 arg1 polysaccharides 39:53 alkali-soluble polysaccharides 24:53 alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 24:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 7 29 theme other 1264:1268 arg1 grasses 1296:1302 grasses 1296:1302 grasses 1296:1302 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 29 theme other 1264:1268 arg1 cereals 1308:1314 cereals 1308:1314 cereals 1308:1314 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 29 theme other 1264:1268 arg1 plants 1281:1286 other commelinid plants 1264:1286 other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals 1264:1314 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 3 30 theme main 540:543 arg1 polysaccharides 555:569 the main cell-wall polysaccharides 536:569 the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family 536:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 7 31 theme commelinid 1270:1279 arg1 grasses 1296:1302 grasses 1296:1302 grasses 1296:1302 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 31 theme commelinid 1270:1279 arg1 cereals 1308:1314 cereals 1308:1314 cereals 1308:1314 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 31 theme commelinid 1270:1279 arg1 plants 1281:1286 other commelinid plants 1264:1286 other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals 1264:1314 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 3 32 dep tucumã 592:597 arg1 aculeatum 612:620 Astrocaryum aculeatum 600:620 Astrocaryum aculeatum 600:620 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 1 33 theme commelinid 280:289 arg1 clade 291:295 the commelinid clade 276:295 the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 276:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 1 34 from Arecaceae 263:271 arg1 clade 291:295 the commelinid clade 276:295 the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 276:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 1 35 theme commelinid 384:393 arg1 families 395:402 other commelinid families 378:402 other commelinid families 378:402 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 3 36 theme cell-wall 545:553 arg1 polysaccharides 555:569 the main cell-wall polysaccharides 536:569 the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family 536:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 1 37 theme primary 205:211 arg1 walls 232:236 primary and secondary cell walls 205:236 primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 205:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 2 38 theme few 466:468 arg1 studies 470:476 few studies 466:476 few studies 466:476 However, few studies have been conducted. 28697470 7 39 theme acidic 1207:1212 arg1 A. aculeatum 1193:1204 A. aculeatum 1193:1204 A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) 1193:1233 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 39 theme acidic 1207:1212 arg1 galactoarabinoxylan 1214:1232 acidic galactoarabinoxylan 1207:1232 acidic galactoarabinoxylan 1207:1232 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 40 located found 1255:1259 arg1 grasses 1296:1302 grasses 1296:1302 grasses 1296:1302 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 40 located found 1255:1259 arg2 those 1249:1253 those 1249:1253 those 1249:1253 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 40 located found 1255:1259 arg1 cereals 1308:1314 cereals 1308:1314 cereals 1308:1314 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 40 located found 1255:1259 arg1 plants 1281:1286 other commelinid plants 1264:1286 other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals 1264:1314 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 galactoarabinoxylan 1003:1021 a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan 978:1021 a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%) 978:1029 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 % 1074:1074 27.8% 1070:1074 27.8% 1070:1074 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 glucuronoxylan 1093:1106 a low branched glucuronoxylan 1078:1106 a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) 1078:1114 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 % 1028:1028 53.7% 1024:1028 53.7% 1024:1028 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 portions 1126:1133 small portions 1120:1133 small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%) 1120:1156 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 % 1113:1113 14.1% 1109:1113 14.1% 1109:1113 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 41 theme xyloglucan 1140:1149 arg1 α-L-arabinan 1056:1067 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 1032:1067 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%) 1032:1075 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 42 theme low 1080:1082 arg1 glucuronoxylan 1093:1106 a low branched glucuronoxylan 1078:1106 a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) 1078:1114 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 42 theme low 1080:1082 arg1 % 1113:1113 14.1% 1109:1113 14.1% 1109:1113 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 0 43 theme polysaccharides 39:53 arg1 monocotyledon 129:141 a commelinid monocotyledon 116:141 a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae 116:167 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 43 theme polysaccharides 39:53 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 0:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 44 theme commelinid 118:127 arg1 monocotyledon 129:141 a commelinid monocotyledon 116:141 a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae 116:167 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 44 theme commelinid 118:127 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 0:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 45 from walls 75:79 arg1 monocotyledon 129:141 a commelinid monocotyledon 116:141 a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae 116:167 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 45 from walls 75:79 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 0:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 0 45 from walls 75:79 arg1 polysaccharides 39:53 alkali-soluble polysaccharides 24:53 alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 24:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 4 46 theme water-extracted 779:793 arg1 ones 795:798 water-extracted ones 779:798 water-extracted ones (3.0% yield) 779:811 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 46 theme water-extracted 779:793 arg1 yield 806:810 3.0% yield 801:810 3.0% yield 801:810 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 1 47 theme secondary 217:225 arg1 walls 232:236 primary and secondary cell walls 205:236 primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 205:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 0 48 theme fruit 64:68 arg1 walls 75:79 the fruit cell walls 60:79 the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 60:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 1 49 theme monocotyledonous 300:315 arg1 plants 317:322 monocotyledonous plants 300:322 monocotyledonous plants 300:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 7 50 located found 1184:1188 arg1 A. aculeatum 1193:1204 A. aculeatum 1193:1204 A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) 1193:1233 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 50 located found 1184:1188 arg2 polysaccharide 1169:1182 The major polysaccharide 1159:1182 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) 1159:1233 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 50 located found 1184:1188 arg2 similar 1238:1244 similar 1238:1244 similar 1238:1244 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 7 50 located found 1184:1188 arg1 galactoarabinoxylan 1214:1232 acidic galactoarabinoxylan 1207:1232 acidic galactoarabinoxylan 1207:1232 The major polysaccharide found in A. aculeatum (acidic galactoarabinoxylan) is similar to those found in other commelinid plants such as grasses and cereals. 28697470 4 51 theme 3.0 801:803 arg1 % 804:804 % 804:804 % 804:804 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 5 52 theme composition 865:875 arg1 data 934:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 1 53 theme plants 317:322 arg1 clade 291:295 the commelinid clade 276:295 the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 276:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 1 54 from members 241:247 arg1 clade 291:295 the commelinid clade 276:295 the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 276:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 3 55 theme family 646:651 arg1 member 626:631 a member 624:631 a member of Arecaceae family 624:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 3 55 theme family 646:651 arg1 tucumã 592:597 tucumã 592:597 tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 592:621 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 3 56 theme fruit 578:582 arg1 pulp 584:587 the fruit pulp 574:587 the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family 574:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 4 57 located present 730:736 arg1 proportions 749:759 greater proportions 741:759 greater proportions (6.4% yield) 741:772 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 57 located present 730:736 arg1 yield 767:771 6.4% yield 762:771 6.4% yield 762:771 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 57 located present 730:736 arg2 polysaccharides 669:683 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides 654:683 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp 654:723 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 6 58 theme small 1120:1124 arg1 portions 1126:1133 small portions 1120:1133 small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%) 1120:1156 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 4 59 theme fruit 714:718 arg1 pulp 720:723 the fruit pulp 710:723 the fruit pulp 710:723 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 5 60 theme determination 908:920 arg1 data 934:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data 850:937 Thus, the former was analyzed using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. 28697470 1 61 theme cell 227:230 arg1 walls 232:236 primary and secondary cell walls 205:236 primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 205:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 0 62 theme family 152:157 arg1 Arecaceae 159:167 the family Arecaceae 148:167 the family Arecaceae 148:167 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 6 63 link -linked 1048:1054 arg1 α-L-arabinan 1056:1067 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 1032:1067 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%) 1032:1075 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 63 link -linked 1048:1054 arg1 % 1074:1074 27.8% 1070:1074 27.8% 1070:1074 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 4 64 theme % 765:765 arg1 proportions 749:759 greater proportions 741:759 greater proportions (6.4% yield) 741:772 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 4 64 theme % 765:765 arg1 yield 767:771 6.4% yield 762:771 6.4% yield 762:771 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 3 65 from polysaccharides 555:569 arg1 pulp 584:587 the fruit pulp 574:587 the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family 574:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 1 66 theme walls 232:236 arg1 compositions 189:200 The polysaccharide compositions 170:200 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 170:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 28697470 3 67 theme Arecaceae 636:644 arg1 family 646:651 Arecaceae family 636:651 Arecaceae family 636:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 3 68 theme tucumã 592:597 arg1 pulp 584:587 the fruit pulp 574:587 the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family 574:651 We aimed to extract and characterize the main cell-wall polysaccharides in the fruit pulp of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a member of Arecaceae family. 28697470 6 69 theme -linked 1048:1054 arg1 α-L-arabinan 1056:1067 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 1032:1067 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%) 1032:1075 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 6 69 theme -linked 1048:1054 arg1 % 1074:1074 27.8% 1070:1074 27.8% 1070:1074 The tucumã alkaline extract presented a highly ramified acidic galactoarabinoxylan (53.7%), a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan (27.8%), a low branched glucuronoxylan (14.1%) and small portions of a xyloglucan (4.4%). 28697470 0 70 theme cell 70:73 arg1 walls 75:79 the fruit cell walls 60:79 the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) 60:113 Structural diversity of alkali-soluble polysaccharides from the fruit cell walls of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum), a commelinid monocotyledon from the family Arecaceae. 28697470 4 71 theme Hemicellulosic 654:667 arg1 polysaccharides 669:683 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides 654:683 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp 654:723 Hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted by alkali from the fruit pulp were present in greater proportions (6.4% yield) than water-extracted ones (3.0% yield). 28697470 1 72 theme members 241:247 arg1 walls 232:236 primary and secondary cell walls 205:236 primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants 205:322 The polysaccharide compositions of primary and secondary cell walls of members of the family Arecaceae in the commelinid clade of monocotyledonous plants have previously been found to be distinguishable from other commelinid families, and to be more similar to those of non-commelinids. 26690057 2 0 theme Ixodes 513:518 arg1 ricinus 520:526 the tick Ixodes ricinus 504:526 the tick Ixodes ricinus 504:526 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 1 1 theme α1,6-core 349:357 arg1 fucose 359:364 α1,6-core fucose 349:364 α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 349:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 2 theme secondary 1197:1205 arg1 electrons 1207:1215 secondary electrons 1197:1215 secondary electrons 1197:1215 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 3 from grids 836:840 arg1 slides 851:856 glass slides 845:856 glass slides 845:856 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 3 4 theme Salivary 529:536 arg1 glands 538:543 Salivary glands 529:543 Salivary glands 529:543 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26690057 5 5 theme electron 1000:1007 arg1 microscope 1009:1018 the field-emission scanning electron microscope 972:1018 the field-emission scanning electron microscope 972:1018 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 6 theme osmium-stained 1273:1286 arg1 membranes 1288:1296 osmium-stained membranes 1273:1296 osmium-stained membranes 1273:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 0 7 theme Glycans 87:93 arg1 Microscopy 47:56 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy 0:56 Microscopy 47:56 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 0 7 theme Glycans 87:93 arg1 Fluorescence 12:23 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy 0:56 Fluorescence 12:23 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 1 8 theme study 171:175 arg1 co-localization 180:194 co-localization 180:194 co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 180:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 8 theme study 171:175 arg1 aim 160:162 The aim 156:162 The aim of the study 156:175 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 9 link N-linked 396:403 arg1 glycosylation 405:417 N-linked glycosylation 396:417 N-linked glycosylation 396:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 10 theme membranes 1288:1296 arg1 imaging 1225:1231 the imaging 1221:1231 the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1221:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 11 used used 791:794 arg2 we 788:789 we 788:789 we 788:789 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 1 12 theme typical 366:372 arg1 fucose 359:364 α1,6-core fucose 349:364 α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 349:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 13 with N-glycans 334:342 arg1 fucose 214:219 fucose 214:219 fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, 214:328 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 3 14 theme bioactive 573:581 arg1 molecules 583:591 many bioactive molecules 568:591 many bioactive molecules 568:591 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26690057 5 15 from influence 1028:1036 arg1 imaging 1225:1231 the imaging 1221:1231 the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1221:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 16 dep detector 1103:1110 arg1 in-lens 1141:1147 in-lens 1141:1147 in-lens 1141:1147 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 16 dep detector 1103:1110 arg1 detectors 1184:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 17 theme scanning 991:998 arg1 microscope 1009:1018 the field-emission scanning electron microscope 972:1018 the field-emission scanning electron microscope 972:1018 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 18 theme Everhart-Thornley 1166:1182 arg1 detectors 1184:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 19 theme finder 815:820 arg1 imprints 803:810 carbon imprints 796:810 carbon imprints of finder 796:820 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 5 20 from structures 937:946 arg1 imaging 1225:1231 the imaging 1221:1231 the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1221:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 21 theme scanning 757:764 arg1 microscopes 775:785 both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 735:785 microscopes 775:785 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 0 22 theme Carbon-Patterned 125:140 arg1 Slides 148:153 Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides 125:153 Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides 125:153 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 1 23 theme mammalian 378:386 arg1 type 388:391 mammalian type 378:391 mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 378:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 24 from epitopes 310:317 arg1 humans 322:327 humans 322:327 humans 322:327 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 2 25 attach isolated 490:497 arg1 ricinus 520:526 the tick Ixodes ricinus 504:526 the tick Ixodes ricinus 504:526 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 2 25 attach isolated 490:497 arg2 glands 483:488 salivary glands 474:488 salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus 474:526 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 4 26 theme EM 833:834 arg1 grids 836:840 EM grids 833:840 EM grids on glass slides 833:856 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 4 27 theme labelled 715:722 arg1 glycans 724:730 labelled glycans 715:730 labelled glycans 715:730 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 3 28 theme many 568:571 arg1 molecules 583:591 many bioactive molecules 568:591 many bioactive molecules 568:591 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26690057 2 29 theme salivary 474:481 arg1 glands 483:488 salivary glands 474:488 salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus 474:526 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 2 30 theme tick 508:511 arg1 ricinus 520:526 the tick Ixodes ricinus 504:526 the tick Ixodes ricinus 504:526 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 4 31 theme carbon 796:801 arg1 imprints 803:810 carbon imprints 796:810 carbon imprints of finder 796:820 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 5 32 theme nanoparticles 1241:1253 arg1 imaging 1225:1231 the imaging 1221:1231 the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1221:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 0 33 theme Correlative 0:10 arg1 Fluorescence 12:23 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy 0:56 Fluorescence 12:23 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 1 34 theme immunogenic 285:295 arg1 epitopes 310:317 immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes 285:317 immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans 285:327 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 35 theme electrons 1130:1138 arg1 detector 1103:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector 1065:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons 1065:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 36 from setting 961:967 arg1 imaging 1225:1231 the imaging 1221:1231 the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1221:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 3 37 theme successful 612:621 arg1 feeding 623:629 successful feeding 612:629 successful feeding 612:629 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26690057 4 38 from localization 699:710 arg1 microscopes 775:785 both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 735:785 microscopes 775:785 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 4 38 from localization 699:710 arg1 fluorescence 740:751 both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 735:785 fluorescence 740:751 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 1 39 theme N-glycans 199:207 arg1 co-localization 180:194 co-localization 180:194 co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 180:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 39 theme N-glycans 199:207 arg1 aim 160:162 The aim 156:162 The aim of the study 156:175 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 0 40 theme Scanning 29:36 arg1 Microscopy 47:56 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy 0:56 Microscopy 47:56 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 1 41 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 epitopes 310:317 immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes 285:317 immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans 285:327 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 42 theme conventional 1153:1164 arg1 detectors 1184:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 43 theme microscope 1009:1018 arg1 influence 1028:1036 the influence 1024:1036 the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1024:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 43 theme microscope 1009:1018 arg1 structures 937:946 labelled structures 928:946 labelled structures 928:946 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 43 theme microscope 1009:1018 arg1 setting 961:967 the working setting 949:967 the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope 949:1018 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 44 theme below-the-lens 1067:1080 arg1 detector 1103:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector 1065:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons 1065:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 45 theme glass 845:849 arg1 slides 851:856 glass slides 845:856 glass slides 845:856 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 5 46 theme dots 1264:1267 arg1 imaging 1225:1231 the imaging 1221:1231 the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1221:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 0 47 theme Glass 142:146 arg1 Slides 148:153 Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides 125:153 Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides 125:153 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 1 48 theme N-linked 396:403 arg1 glycosylation 405:417 N-linked glycosylation 396:417 N-linked glycosylation 396:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 49 theme working 953:959 arg1 setting 961:967 the working setting 949:967 the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope 949:1018 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 50 theme accurate 677:684 arg1 localization 699:710 accurate and reliable localization 677:710 accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 677:785 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 1 51 theme glycosylation 405:417 arg1 type 388:391 mammalian type 378:391 mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 378:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 4 52 theme reliable 690:697 arg1 localization 699:710 accurate and reliable localization 677:710 accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 677:785 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 4 53 theme glycans 724:730 arg1 localization 699:710 accurate and reliable localization 677:710 accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 677:785 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 0 54 theme Electron 38:45 arg1 Microscopy 47:56 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy 0:56 Microscopy 47:56 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 5 55 theme Autrata 1082:1088 arg1 detector 1103:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector 1065:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons 1065:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 2 56 theme glycan 425:430 arg1 epitopes 432:439 Both glycan epitopes 420:439 Both glycan epitopes 420:439 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 0 57 theme Labelled 61:68 arg1 Glycans 87:93 Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans 61:93 Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans 61:93 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 5 58 theme quantum 1256:1262 arg1 dots 1264:1267 quantum dots 1256:1267 quantum dots 1256:1267 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 59 theme improved 1090:1097 arg1 detector 1103:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector 1065:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons 1065:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 60 theme topographical 877:889 arg1 images 891:896 the topographical images 873:896 the topographical images 873:896 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 2 61 theme glands 483:488 arg1 cryosections 458:469 cryosections 458:469 cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus 458:526 Both glycan epitopes were labelled in cryosections of salivary glands isolated from the tick Ixodes ricinus. 26690057 5 62 theme gold 1236:1239 arg1 nanoparticles 1241:1253 gold nanoparticles 1236:1253 gold nanoparticles 1236:1253 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 1 63 with N-glycans 199:207 arg1 fucose 214:219 fucose 214:219 fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, 214:328 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 64 theme YAG 1099:1101 arg1 detector 1103:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector 1065:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons 1065:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 4 65 theme electron 766:773 arg1 microscopes 775:785 both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes 735:785 microscopes 775:785 For accurate and reliable localization of labelled glycans in both fluorescence and scanning electron microscopes, we used carbon imprints of finder or indexed EM grids on glass slides. 26690057 1 66 theme N-glycans 334:342 arg1 co-localization 180:194 co-localization 180:194 co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 180:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 66 theme N-glycans 334:342 arg1 aim 160:162 The aim 156:162 The aim of the study 156:175 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 67 theme detector 1045:1052 arg1 selection 1054:1062 the detector selection 1041:1062 the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) 1041:1216 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 68 theme labelled 928:935 arg1 structures 937:946 labelled structures 928:946 labelled structures 928:946 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 69 dep selection 1054:1062 arg1 detector 1103:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector 1065:1110 a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons 1065:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 1 70 with co-localization 180:194 arg1 fucose 359:364 α1,6-core fucose 349:364 α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation 349:417 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 5 71 theme back-scattered 1115:1128 arg1 electrons 1130:1138 back-scattered electrons 1115:1138 back-scattered electrons 1115:1138 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 72 theme selection 1054:1062 arg1 influence 1028:1036 the influence 1024:1036 the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes 1024:1296 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 72 theme selection 1054:1062 arg1 structures 937:946 labelled structures 928:946 labelled structures 928:946 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 72 theme selection 1054:1062 arg1 setting 961:967 the working setting 949:967 the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope 949:1018 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 73 theme field-emission 976:989 arg1 microscope 1009:1018 the field-emission scanning electron microscope 972:1018 the field-emission scanning electron microscope 972:1018 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 0 74 theme Fucosylated 75:85 arg1 Glycans 87:93 Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans 61:93 Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans 61:93 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 1 75 attach attached 221:228 arg2 fucose 214:219 fucose 214:219 fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, 214:328 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 75 attach attached 221:228 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 233:251 N-acetylglucosamine 233:251 N-acetylglucosamine 233:251 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 1 75 attach attached 221:228 arg3 linkage 261:267 α1,3 linkage 256:267 α1,3 linkage 256:267 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 3 76 theme tick-borne 651:660 arg1 pathogens 662:670 tick-borne pathogens 651:670 tick-borne pathogens 651:670 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26690057 1 77 theme α1,3 256:259 arg1 linkage 261:267 α1,3 linkage 256:267 α1,3 linkage 256:267 The aim of the study is co-localization of N-glycans with fucose attached to N-acetylglucosamine in α1,3 linkage, that belong to immunogenic carbohydrate epitopes in humans, and N-glycans with α1,6-core fucose typical for mammalian type of N-linked glycosylation. 26690057 0 78 theme Core 70:73 arg1 Glycans 87:93 Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans 61:93 Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans 61:93 Correlative Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy of Labelled Core Fucosylated Glycans Using Cryosections Mounted on Carbon-Patterned Glass Slides. 26690057 5 79 theme electrons 1207:1215 arg1 in-lens 1141:1147 in-lens 1141:1147 in-lens 1141:1147 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 5 79 theme electrons 1207:1215 arg1 detectors 1184:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors 1153:1192 We discuss if the topographical images can provide information about labelled structures, the working setting of the field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of the detector selection (a below-the-lens Autrata improved YAG detector of back-scattered electrons; in-lens and conventional Everhart-Thornley detectors of secondary electrons) on the imaging of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots and osmium-stained membranes. 26690057 3 80 theme pathogens 662:670 arg1 transmission 635:646 transmission 635:646 transmission of tick-borne pathogens 635:670 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26690057 3 80 theme pathogens 662:670 arg1 feeding 623:629 successful feeding 612:629 successful feeding 612:629 Salivary glands secrete during feeding many bioactive molecules and influence both successful feeding and transmission of tick-borne pathogens. 26235297 3 0 theme common 534:539 arg1 Kdo 559:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 2 1 theme core 356:359 arg1 Hep 395:397 the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 343:414 Hep 395:397 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 2 2 theme oligosaccharide 361:375 arg1 Hep 395:397 the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 343:414 Hep 395:397 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 1 3 with lipooligosaccharide 186:204 arg1 acceptor 268:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 2 4 theme branched 347:354 arg1 Hep 395:397 the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 343:414 Hep 395:397 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 3 5 theme oligosaccharide 502:516 arg1 structures 518:527 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures 484:527 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures 484:527 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 3 6 theme 4,5-branched 484:495 arg1 structures 518:527 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures 484:527 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures 484:527 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 1 7 theme 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic 213:242 arg1 Kdo 250:252 Kdo 250:252 Kdo 250:252 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 1 7 theme 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic 213:242 arg1 acid 244:247 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid 213:247 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 1 8 with lipopoly- 172:180 arg1 acceptor 268:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 0 9 theme Convergent 0:9 arg1 synthesis 11:19 Convergent synthesis 0:19 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 0:102 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 26235297 1 10 theme acid 244:247 arg1 acceptor 268:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 3 11 theme Kdoα 550:553 arg1 Kdo 559:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 1 12 theme convergent 108:117 arg1 synthesis 119:127 The convergent synthesis 104:127 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 104:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 2 13 theme building 457:464 arg1 blocks 466:471 the corresponding Hep building blocks 435:471 the corresponding Hep building blocks 435:471 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 0 14 theme 4,5-branched 24:35 arg1 oligosaccharides 48:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides 24:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides 24:101 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 26235297 2 15 theme Galβ 377:380 arg1 Hep 395:397 the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 343:414 Hep 395:397 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 2 16 theme corresponding 439:451 arg1 blocks 466:471 the corresponding Hep building blocks 435:471 the corresponding Hep building blocks 435:471 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 1 17 theme branched 132:139 arg1 oligosaccharides 152:167 branched inner-core oligosaccharides 132:167 branched inner-core oligosaccharides 132:167 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 1 18 theme disaccharide 255:266 arg1 acceptor 268:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 211:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 0 19 theme oligosaccharides 48:63 arg1 synthesis 11:19 Convergent synthesis 0:19 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 0:102 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 26235297 2 20 theme l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose 295:325 arg1 units 333:337 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units 291:337 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 291:414 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 0 21 theme inner-core 37:46 arg1 oligosaccharides 48:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides 24:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides 24:101 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 26235297 2 22 theme Hep 453:455 arg1 blocks 466:471 the corresponding Hep building blocks 435:471 the corresponding Hep building blocks 435:471 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 0 23 theme lipopoly- 68:76 arg1 oligosaccharides 48:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides 24:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides 24:101 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 26235297 3 24 theme Hep 589:591 arg1 units 593:597 the Hep units 585:597 the Hep units 585:597 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 1 25 theme inner-core 141:150 arg1 oligosaccharides 152:167 branched inner-core oligosaccharides 132:167 branched inner-core oligosaccharides 132:167 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 3 26 theme core 497:500 arg1 structures 518:527 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures 484:527 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures 484:527 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 1 27 theme oligosaccharides 152:167 arg1 synthesis 119:127 The convergent synthesis 104:127 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 104:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 2 28 theme Glcβ 386:389 arg1 Hep 395:397 the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 343:414 Hep 395:397 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 1 29 theme lipopoly- 172:180 arg1 synthesis 119:127 The convergent synthesis 104:127 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 104:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 26235297 3 30 gly glycosylated 567:578 arg1 Kdo 559:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 0 31 theme lipooligosaccharides 82:101 arg1 oligosaccharides 48:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides 24:63 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides 24:101 Convergent synthesis of 4,5-branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharides. 26235297 2 32 theme Hep 328:330 arg1 units 333:337 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units 291:337 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep 291:414 The l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose (Hep) units for the branched core oligosaccharide Galβ(1-4)Glcβ(1-4)Hep and Hepα(1-3)Hep were prepared from the corresponding Hep building blocks. 26235297 3 33 theme acceptor 541:548 arg1 Kdo 559:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo 530:561 To obtain 4,5-branched core oligosaccharide structures, the common acceptor Kdoα(2-4)Kdo was glycosylated with the Hep units. 26235297 1 34 theme lipooligosaccharide 186:204 arg1 synthesis 119:127 The convergent synthesis 104:127 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor 104:275 The convergent synthesis of branched inner-core oligosaccharides of lipopoly- and lipooligosaccharide with a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) disaccharide acceptor was achieved. 27108562 6 0 theme Lewis 1486:1490 arg1 basicity 1492:1499 Lewis basicity 1486:1499 Lewis basicity 1486:1499 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 6 1 theme van 1335:1337 arg1 model 1358:1362 the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1331:1362 the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1331:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 4 2 theme simple 889:894 arg1 mono-saccharides 896:911 the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides 860:911 the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values 860:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 4 3 theme carbon 787:792 arg1 surfaces 794:801 bare carbon surfaces 782:801 bare carbon surfaces 782:801 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 3 4 theme albumin 681:687 arg1 adsorption 667:676 adsorption 667:676 adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen 667:712 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 0 5 theme Glycans 98:104 arg1 Immobilization 80:93 Immobilization 80:93 Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry 80:134 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 6 6 from resistance 1395:1404 arg1 layers 1431:1436 these phenylglycoside layers 1409:1436 these phenylglycoside layers 1409:1436 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 5 7 theme charge 1107:1112 arg1 density 1114:1120 surface charge density 1099:1120 surface charge density 1099:1120 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 3 8 theme Surface 569:575 arg1 spectroscopy 603:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 5 9 theme protein 1158:1164 arg1 adsorption 1166:1175 protein adsorption 1158:1175 protein adsorption 1158:1175 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 3 10 theme IR 577:578 arg1 spectroscopy 603:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 1 11 dep materials 144:152 arg1 interest 185:192 great interest 179:192 great interest 179:192 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 6 12 used used 1223:1226 arg2 measurements 1205:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 0 13 theme Aryldiazonium 112:124 arg1 Chemistry 126:134 Aryldiazonium Chemistry 112:134 Aryldiazonium Chemistry 112:134 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 1 14 theme protein 371:377 arg1 corona 379:384 the protein corona 367:384 the protein corona 367:384 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 6 15 theme Oss-Chaudhury-Good 1339:1356 arg1 model 1358:1362 the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1331:1362 the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1331:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 5 16 from change 1089:1094 arg1 density 1114:1120 surface charge density 1099:1120 surface charge density 1099:1120 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 1 17 theme great 179:183 arg1 interest 185:192 great interest 179:192 great interest 179:192 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 1 18 theme corona 379:384 arg1 composition 352:362 composition 352:362 composition 352:362 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 1 18 theme corona 379:384 arg1 formation 338:346 formation 338:346 formation 338:346 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 0 19 theme Interfacial 34:44 arg1 Properties 46:55 Interfacial Properties 34:55 Interfacial Properties 34:55 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 6 20 theme free 1249:1252 arg1 energy 1254:1259 surface free energy 1241:1259 surface free energy 1241:1259 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 2 21 theme mono- 533:537 arg1 glycosides 557:566 mono- and di-saccharide glycosides 533:566 mono- and di-saccharide glycosides 533:566 In this work, protein adsorption studies were carried out at carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides. 27108562 1 22 dep critical 318:325 arg1 realize 288:294 realize 288:294 to realize their potential 285:310 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 4 23 theme di-saccharide 871:883 arg1 mono-saccharides 896:911 the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides 860:911 the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values 860:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 6 24 theme surface 1241:1247 arg1 energy 1254:1259 surface free energy 1241:1259 surface free energy 1241:1259 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 4 25 theme Protein 715:721 arg1 adsorption 723:732 Protein adsorption 715:732 Protein adsorption 715:732 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 4 26 theme tested 864:869 arg1 mono-saccharides 896:911 the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides 860:911 the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values 860:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 5 27 theme aryldiazonium 1005:1017 arg1 chemistry 1019:1027 aryldiazonium chemistry 1005:1027 aryldiazonium chemistry 1005:1027 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 1 28 theme biological 198:207 arg1 devices 242:248 implantable devices 230:248 implantable devices 230:248 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 1 28 theme biological 198:207 arg1 vectors 267:273 nanoparticle vectors 254:273 nanoparticle vectors 254:273 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 1 28 theme biological 198:207 arg1 applications 209:220 biological applications 198:220 biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors 198:273 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 0 29 theme Fouling 22:28 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 0:135 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 3 30 theme reflectance 580:590 arg1 spectroscopy 603:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 2 31 theme protein 421:427 arg1 studies 440:446 protein adsorption studies 421:446 protein adsorption studies 421:446 In this work, protein adsorption studies were carried out at carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides. 27108562 0 32 theme Protein 14:20 arg1 Fouling 22:28 Protein Fouling 14:28 Protein Fouling 14:28 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 1 33 theme biological 389:398 arg1 media 400:404 biological media 389:404 biological media 389:404 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 3 34 theme absorption 592:601 arg1 spectroscopy 603:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 1 35 from composition 352:362 arg1 media 400:404 biological media 389:404 biological media 389:404 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 6 36 theme phenylglycoside 1415:1429 arg1 layers 1431:1436 these phenylglycoside layers 1409:1436 these phenylglycoside layers 1409:1436 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 3 37 theme lysozyme 690:697 arg1 adsorption 667:676 adsorption 667:676 adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen 667:712 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 2 38 theme carbon 468:473 arg1 surfaces 475:482 carbon surfaces 468:482 carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides 468:566 In this work, protein adsorption studies were carried out at carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides. 27108562 0 39 from Surfaces 67:74 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 0:135 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 5 40 theme surface 1099:1105 arg1 density 1114:1120 surface charge density 1099:1120 surface charge density 1099:1120 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 1 41 theme implantable 230:240 arg1 devices 242:248 implantable devices 230:248 implantable devices 230:248 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 1 42 from formation 338:346 arg1 media 400:404 biological media 389:404 biological media 389:404 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 2 43 theme di-saccharide 543:555 arg1 glycosides 557:566 mono- and di-saccharide glycosides 533:566 mono- and di-saccharide glycosides 533:566 In this work, protein adsorption studies were carried out at carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides. 27108562 4 44 theme protein 936:942 arg1 values 958:963 near-physiological protein concentration values 917:963 near-physiological protein concentration values 917:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 2 45 theme aryldiazonium 504:516 arg1 layers 518:523 aryldiazonium layers 504:523 aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides 504:566 In this work, protein adsorption studies were carried out at carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides. 27108562 3 46 theme quartz 620:625 arg1 microbalance 635:646 quartz crystal microbalance 620:646 quartz crystal microbalance 620:646 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 0 47 theme Properties 46:55 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 0:135 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 4 48 theme near-physiological 917:934 arg1 values 958:963 near-physiological protein concentration values 917:963 near-physiological protein concentration values 917:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 3 49 theme crystal 627:633 arg1 microbalance 635:646 quartz crystal microbalance 620:646 quartz crystal microbalance 620:646 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 5 50 theme ζ-potential 966:976 arg1 measurements 978:989 ζ-potential measurements 966:989 ζ-potential measurements 966:989 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 6 51 theme polar 1275:1279 arg1 components 1281:1290 acid-base polar components 1265:1290 acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1265:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 6 52 theme protein 1387:1393 arg1 resistance 1395:1404 protein resistance 1387:1404 protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers 1387:1436 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 5 53 theme phenylglycosides 1062:1077 arg1 immobilization 1044:1057 the immobilization 1040:1057 the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption 1040:1175 ζ-potential measurements revealed that aryldiazonium chemistry results in the immobilization of phenylglycosides without a change in surface charge density, which is known to be important for protein adsorption. 27108562 4 54 theme enhanced 813:820 arg1 rejection 822:830 enhanced rejection 813:830 enhanced rejection 813:830 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 6 55 theme surfaces 1313:1320 arg1 energy 1254:1259 surface free energy 1241:1259 surface free energy 1241:1259 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 6 55 theme surfaces 1313:1320 arg1 components 1281:1290 acid-base polar components 1265:1290 acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1265:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 1 56 theme Carbon 137:142 arg1 materials 144:152 Carbon materials 137:152 Carbon materials 137:152 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 4 57 theme bare 782:785 arg1 surfaces 794:801 bare carbon surfaces 782:801 bare carbon surfaces 782:801 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 4 58 located observed 836:843 arg2 rejection 822:830 enhanced rejection 813:830 enhanced rejection 813:830 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 4 58 located observed 836:843 arg1 case 852:855 the case 848:855 the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values 848:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 4 59 theme concentration 944:956 arg1 values 958:963 near-physiological protein concentration values 917:963 near-physiological protein concentration values 917:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 6 60 theme bare 1295:1298 arg1 surfaces 1313:1320 bare and modified surfaces 1295:1320 bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1295:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 6 61 theme acid-base 1265:1273 arg1 components 1281:1290 acid-base polar components 1265:1290 acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1265:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 6 62 theme contact 1191:1197 arg1 measurements 1205:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 4 63 theme mono-saccharides 896:911 arg1 case 852:855 the case 848:855 the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values 848:963 Protein adsorption was found to decrease by 30-90% with respect to bare carbon surfaces; notably, enhanced rejection was observed in the case of the tested di-saccharide vs. simple mono-saccharides for near-physiological protein concentration values. 27108562 6 64 theme angle 1199:1203 arg1 measurements 1205:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 3 65 theme fibrinogen 703:712 arg1 adsorption 667:676 adsorption 667:676 adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen 667:712 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 6 66 theme modified 1304:1311 arg1 surfaces 1313:1320 bare and modified surfaces 1295:1320 bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model 1295:1362 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 6 67 theme Multisolvent 1178:1189 arg1 measurements 1205:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements 1178:1216 Multisolvent contact angle measurements were used to calculate surface free energy and acid-base polar components of bare and modified surfaces based on the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model: results indicate that protein resistance in these phenylglycoside layers correlates positively with wetting behavior and Lewis basicity. 27108562 1 68 theme nanoparticle 254:265 arg1 vectors 267:273 nanoparticle vectors 254:273 nanoparticle vectors 254:273 Carbon materials and nanomaterials are of great interest for biological applications such as implantable devices and nanoparticle vectors, however, to realize their potential it is critical to control formation and composition of the protein corona in biological media. 27108562 0 69 theme Carbon 60:65 arg1 Surfaces 67:74 Carbon Surfaces 60:74 Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry 60:134 Modulation of Protein Fouling and Interfacial Properties at Carbon Surfaces via Immobilization of Glycans Using Aryldiazonium Chemistry. 27108562 2 70 theme adsorption 429:438 arg1 studies 440:446 protein adsorption studies 421:446 protein adsorption studies 421:446 In this work, protein adsorption studies were carried out at carbon surfaces functionalized with aryldiazonium layers bearing mono- and di-saccharide glycosides. 27108562 3 71 used used 653:656 arg2 spectroscopy 603:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy 569:614 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 27108562 3 71 used used 653:656 arg2 microbalance 635:646 quartz crystal microbalance 620:646 quartz crystal microbalance 620:646 Surface IR reflectance absorption spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance were used to study adsorption of albumin, lysozyme and fibrinogen. 28325317 3 0 with heparin 512:518 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 0 with heparin 512:518 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 4 1 theme shellfish 833:841 arg1 tissues 843:849 these shellfish tissues 827:849 these shellfish tissues 827:849 U4-7 showed tissue- and species-specificity while the other UACPs prevalently existed in these shellfish tissues. 28325317 6 2 theme composition 1090:1100 arg1 related 1135:1141 related 1135:1141 related 1135:1141 And this investigation also indicates that the similarity of UACPs composition between different shellfishes is related to the genetic relationship. 28325317 6 2 theme composition 1090:1100 arg1 similarity 1070:1079 the similarity 1066:1079 the similarity of UACPs composition between different shellfishes 1066:1130 And this investigation also indicates that the similarity of UACPs composition between different shellfishes is related to the genetic relationship. 28325317 2 3 theme tissues 268:274 arg1 compositions 242:253 UACP compositions 237:253 UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri 237:419 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 4 theme edible 294:299 arg1 shellfishes 301:311 edible shellfishes 294:311 edible shellfishes 294:311 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 6 5 theme different 1110:1118 arg1 shellfishes 1120:1130 different shellfishes 1110:1130 different shellfishes 1110:1130 And this investigation also indicates that the similarity of UACPs composition between different shellfishes is related to the genetic relationship. 28325317 1 6 contain possessing 161:170 arg1 UACPs 154:158 UACPs 154:158 UACPs 154:158 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 6 contain possessing 161:170 arg1 polysaccharides 137:151 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 114:151 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities 114:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 6 contain possessing 161:170 arg2 activities 203:212 biological and pharmacological activities 172:212 biological and pharmacological activities 172:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 6 7 theme genetic 1150:1156 arg1 relationship 1158:1169 the genetic relationship 1146:1169 the genetic relationship 1146:1169 And this investigation also indicates that the similarity of UACPs composition between different shellfishes is related to the genetic relationship. 28325317 5 8 from compositions 857:868 arg1 tissues 873:879 tissues 873:879 tissues from the same shellfish species 873:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 5 8 from compositions 857:868 arg1 species 905:911 the same shellfish species 886:911 the same shellfish species 886:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 3 9 theme unknown 554:560 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 562:579 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans 552:579 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 552:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 1 10 theme polysaccharides 137:151 arg1 Mollusks 84:91 Mollusks 84:91 Mollusks 84:91 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 10 theme polysaccharides 137:151 arg1 source 104:109 a rich source 97:109 a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities 97:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 11 theme biological 172:181 arg1 activities 203:212 biological and pharmacological activities 172:212 biological and pharmacological activities 172:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 3 12 dep non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 non-GAGs 665:672 4 unknown non-GAGs 655:672 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 655:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 12 dep non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 U5 683:684 U5 683:684 U5 683:684 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 12 dep non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 U4 679:680 U4 679:680 U4 679:680 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 12 dep non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 U2 675:676 U2 675:676 U2 675:676 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 12 dep non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 U7 690:691 U7 690:691 U7 690:691 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 6 13 theme UACPs 1084:1088 arg1 composition 1090:1100 UACPs composition 1084:1100 UACPs composition 1084:1100 And this investigation also indicates that the similarity of UACPs composition between different shellfishes is related to the genetic relationship. 28325317 5 14 dep didyma 992:997 arg1 janthostomoides 1006:1020 janthostomoides 1006:1020 janthostomoides 1006:1020 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 3 15 with glycosaminoglycans 562:579 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 15 with glycosaminoglycans 562:579 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 16 with sulfate 503:509 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 16 with sulfate 503:509 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 5 17 from species 905:911 arg1 tissues 873:879 tissues 873:879 tissues from the same shellfish species 873:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 5 17 from species 905:911 arg1 compositions 857:868 UACP compositions 852:868 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species 852:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 3 18 with non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 18 with non-GAGs 665:672 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 1 19 theme pharmacological 187:201 arg1 activities 203:212 biological and pharmacological activities 172:212 biological and pharmacological activities 172:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 3 20 theme hexuronic 699:707 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 21 theme unknown 657:663 arg1 U7 690:691 U7 690:691 U7 690:691 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 21 theme unknown 657:663 arg1 U5 683:684 U5 683:684 U5 683:684 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 21 theme unknown 657:663 arg1 U4 679:680 U4 679:680 U4 679:680 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 21 theme unknown 657:663 arg1 U2 675:676 U2 675:676 U2 675:676 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 21 theme unknown 657:663 arg1 non-GAGs 665:672 4 unknown non-GAGs 655:672 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 655:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 5 22 theme UACP 852:855 arg1 compositions 857:868 UACP compositions 852:868 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species 852:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 0 23 theme acid-containing 23:37 arg1 polysaccharides 39:53 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 16:53 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 16:53 Distribution of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 species of shellfishes. 28325317 3 24 theme acid-hexose 709:719 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 1 25 theme rich 99:102 arg1 Mollusks 84:91 Mollusks 84:91 Mollusks 84:91 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 25 theme rich 99:102 arg1 source 104:109 a rich source 97:109 a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities 97:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 0 26 theme uronic 16:21 arg1 polysaccharides 39:53 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 16:53 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 16:53 Distribution of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 species of shellfishes. 28325317 2 27 theme shellfishes 301:311 arg1 purpurata 372:380 purpurata 372:380 purpurata 372:380 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 27 theme shellfishes 301:311 arg1 species 283:289 5 species 281:289 5 species of edible shellfishes 281:311 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 27 theme shellfishes 301:311 arg1 Chlamys 405:411 Chlamys 405:411 Chlamys 405:411 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 27 theme shellfishes 301:311 arg1 didyma 330:335 didyma 330:335 didyma 330:335 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 27 theme shellfishes 301:311 arg1 Cyclina 383:389 Cyclina 383:389 Cyclina 383:389 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 27 theme shellfishes 301:311 arg1 janthostomoides 345:359 janthostomoides 345:359 janthostomoides 345:359 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 3 28 with mannoglucuronan 535:549 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 28 with mannoglucuronan 535:549 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 5 29 theme same 890:893 arg1 species 905:911 the same shellfish species 886:911 the same shellfish species 886:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 0 30 theme polysaccharides 39:53 arg1 Distribution 0:11 Distribution 0:11 Distribution of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 species of shellfishes. 0:82 Distribution of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 species of shellfishes. 28325317 3 31 theme hexuronic 608:616 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 32 theme acid-hexosamine 618:632 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 2 33 dep Chlamys 405:411 arg1 farreri 413:419 Chlamys farreri 405:419 Chlamys farreri 405:419 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 3 34 theme repeating 634:642 arg1 units 644:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units 608:648 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 0 35 from Distribution 0:11 arg1 species 60:66 5 species 58:66 5 species of shellfishes 58:81 Distribution of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 species of shellfishes. 28325317 3 36 theme repeating 721:729 arg1 units 731:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units 699:735 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 2 37 theme present 222:228 arg1 study 230:234 the present study 218:234 the present study 218:234 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 4 38 theme other 792:796 arg1 UACPs 798:802 the other UACPs 788:802 the other UACPs 788:802 U4-7 showed tissue- and species-specificity while the other UACPs prevalently existed in these shellfish tissues. 28325317 1 39 theme uronic 114:119 arg1 UACPs 154:158 UACPs 154:158 UACPs 154:158 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 39 theme uronic 114:119 arg1 polysaccharides 137:151 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 114:151 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities 114:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 2 40 from species 283:289 arg1 compositions 242:253 UACP compositions 237:253 UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri 237:419 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 2 41 theme UACP 237:240 arg1 compositions 242:253 UACP compositions 237:253 UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri 237:419 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 1 42 theme acid-containing 121:135 arg1 UACPs 154:158 UACPs 154:158 UACPs 154:158 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 1 42 theme acid-containing 121:135 arg1 polysaccharides 137:151 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides 114:151 uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities 114:212 Mollusks are a rich source of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides (UACPs) possessing biological and pharmacological activities. 28325317 2 43 dep Cyclina 383:389 arg1 sinensis 391:398 Cyclina sinensis 383:398 Cyclina sinensis 383:398 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 3 44 theme chondroitin 491:501 arg1 sulfate 503:509 chondroitin sulfate 491:509 chondroitin sulfate 491:509 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 5 45 theme shellfish 895:903 arg1 species 905:911 the same shellfish species 886:911 the same shellfish species 886:911 UACP compositions in tissues from the same shellfish species were similar for S. purpurata and C. sinensis but different for C. farreri, N. didyma and N. janthostomoides. 28325317 0 46 theme shellfishes 71:81 arg1 species 60:66 5 species 58:66 5 species of shellfishes 58:81 Distribution of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in 5 species of shellfishes. 28325317 2 47 theme different 258:266 arg1 tissues 268:274 different tissues 258:274 different tissues 258:274 In the present study, UACP compositions of different tissues from 5 species of edible shellfishes, namely Neverita didyma, Natica janthostomoides, Saxidomus purpurata, Cyclina sinensis, and Chlamys farreri were systemically analyzed. 28325317 3 48 dep glycosaminoglycans 562:579 arg1 U3 592:593 U3 592:593 U3 592:593 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 48 dep glycosaminoglycans 562:579 arg1 U1 588:589 U1 588:589 U1 588:589 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 48 dep glycosaminoglycans 562:579 arg1 GAGs 582:585 GAGs 582:585 GAGs 582:585 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 48 dep glycosaminoglycans 562:579 arg1 U6 599:600 U6 599:600 U6 599:600 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 28325317 3 49 theme identified 524:533 arg1 mannoglucuronan 535:549 an identified mannoglucuronan 521:549 an identified mannoglucuronan 521:549 Totally 10 UACPs were observed, including chondroitin sulfate, heparin, an identified mannoglucuronan, 3 unknown glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, U1, U3 and U6) with hexuronic acid-hexosamine repeating units, and 4 unknown non-GAGs (U2, U4, U5 and U7) with hexuronic acid-hexose repeating units. 27988289 4 0 theme absorption 459:468 arg1 spectrum 470:477 infrared absorption spectrum 450:477 infrared absorption spectrum 450:477 SDS-PAGE and infrared absorption spectrum showed that carbohydrates were distinctly reduced after enzymolysis. 27988289 1 1 theme new 123:125 arg1 antibody 139:146 a new therapeutic antibody 121:146 a new therapeutic antibody 121:146 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 1 1 theme new 123:125 arg1 Y 110:110 Immunoglobulin Y 95:110 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) 95:116 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 8 2 gly Deglycosylated 923:936 arg1 IgY 938:940 Deglycosylated IgY 923:940 Deglycosylated IgY 923:940 Deglycosylated IgY exhibited less resistance to guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding. 27988289 10 3 theme IgY 1176:1178 arg1 stability 1163:1171 stability 1163:1171 stability 1163:1171 Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY. 27988289 10 3 theme IgY 1176:1178 arg1 structure 1149:1157 structure 1149:1157 structure 1149:1157 Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY. 27988289 0 4 theme Y 78:78 arg1 conformation 33:44 conformation 33:44 conformation 33:44 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 4 theme Y 78:78 arg1 stability 50:58 stability 50:58 stability 50:58 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 5 from impact 4:9 arg1 conformation 33:44 conformation 33:44 conformation 33:44 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 5 from impact 4:9 arg1 stability 50:58 stability 50:58 stability 50:58 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 10 6 theme important 1108:1116 arg1 role 1118:1121 an important role 1105:1121 an important role 1105:1121 Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY. 27988289 1 7 theme therapeutic 127:137 arg1 antibody 139:146 a new therapeutic antibody 121:146 a new therapeutic antibody 121:146 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 1 7 theme therapeutic 127:137 arg1 Y 110:110 Immunoglobulin Y 95:110 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) 95:116 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 7 8 theme size-exclusion 883:896 arg1 analysis 913:920 size-exclusion chromatography analysis 883:920 size-exclusion chromatography analysis 883:920 Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. 27988289 7 9 theme chromatography 898:911 arg1 analysis 913:920 size-exclusion chromatography analysis 883:920 size-exclusion chromatography analysis 883:920 Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. 27988289 0 10 theme egg 85:87 arg1 yolk 89:92 egg yolk 85:92 egg yolk 85:92 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 11 from stability 50:58 arg1 yolk 89:92 egg yolk 85:92 egg yolk 85:92 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 6 12 theme hydrophobic 751:761 arg1 environment 763:773 a more hydrophobic environment 744:773 a more hydrophobic environment 744:773 The fluorescence intensity revealed that Trp residues were buried in a more hydrophobic environment after disposal of N-glycan. 27988289 5 13 theme IgY 599:601 arg1 molecule 603:610 the IgY molecule 595:610 the IgY molecule 595:610 The circular dichroism spectrum indicated that the IgY molecule became more flexible and disordered after removal of N-glycan. 27988289 2 14 theme N-glycosylation 237:251 arg1 effects 226:232 the effects 222:232 the effects of N-glycosylation on IgY 222:258 To provide insight into the effects of N-glycosylation on IgY, its conformation and stability were studied. 27988289 6 15 theme Trp 716:718 arg1 residues 720:727 Trp residues 716:727 Trp residues 716:727 The fluorescence intensity revealed that Trp residues were buried in a more hydrophobic environment after disposal of N-glycan. 27988289 10 16 theme stability 1163:1171 arg1 maintenance 1130:1140 the maintenance 1126:1140 the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY 1126:1178 Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY. 27988289 0 17 from conformation 33:44 arg1 yolk 89:92 egg yolk 85:92 egg yolk 85:92 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 5 18 theme circular 552:559 arg1 spectrum 571:578 The circular dichroism spectrum 548:578 The circular dichroism spectrum 548:578 The circular dichroism spectrum indicated that the IgY molecule became more flexible and disordered after removal of N-glycan. 27988289 7 19 theme oligosaccharide 851:865 arg1 chains 867:872 oligosaccharide chains 851:872 oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis 851:920 Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. 27988289 3 20 theme peptide-N4- 377:387 arg1 asparagine-amidase 417:434 peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase 377:434 peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase 377:434 In this research, IgY was extracted from egg yolk and then digested by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase. 27988289 10 21 theme structure 1149:1157 arg1 maintenance 1130:1140 the maintenance 1126:1140 the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY 1126:1178 Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY. 27988289 5 22 theme dichroism 561:569 arg1 spectrum 571:578 The circular dichroism spectrum 548:578 The circular dichroism spectrum 548:578 The circular dichroism spectrum indicated that the IgY molecule became more flexible and disordered after removal of N-glycan. 27988289 7 23 theme chains 867:872 arg1 removal 840:846 the removal 836:846 the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis 836:920 Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. 27988289 6 24 theme fluorescence 679:690 arg1 intensity 692:700 The fluorescence intensity 675:700 The fluorescence intensity 675:700 The fluorescence intensity revealed that Trp residues were buried in a more hydrophobic environment after disposal of N-glycan. 27988289 0 25 theme N-glycosylation 14:28 arg1 impact 4:9 The impact 0:9 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk 0:92 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 10 26 dep structure 1149:1157 arg1 the 1145:1147 the 1145:1147 the 1145:1147 Therefore, N-glycosylation played an important role in the maintenance of the structure and stability of IgY. 27988289 8 27 theme Deglycosylated 923:936 arg1 IgY 938:940 Deglycosylated IgY 923:940 Deglycosylated IgY 923:940 Deglycosylated IgY exhibited less resistance to guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding. 27988289 8 28 theme hydrochloride-induced 981:1001 arg1 unfolding 1003:1011 guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding 971:1011 guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding 971:1011 Deglycosylated IgY exhibited less resistance to guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding. 27988289 1 29 theme Immunoglobulin 95:108 arg1 IgY 113:115 IgY 113:115 IgY 113:115 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 1 29 theme Immunoglobulin 95:108 arg1 Y 110:110 Immunoglobulin Y 95:110 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) 95:116 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 1 29 theme Immunoglobulin 95:108 arg1 antibody 139:146 a new therapeutic antibody 121:146 a new therapeutic antibody 121:146 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 7 30 theme Storage 803:809 arg1 stability 811:819 Storage stability 803:819 Storage stability 803:819 Storage stability decreased with the removal of oligosaccharide chains based on size-exclusion chromatography analysis. 27988289 3 31 theme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl 389:414 arg1 asparagine-amidase 417:434 peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase 377:434 peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase 377:434 In this research, IgY was extracted from egg yolk and then digested by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase. 27988289 5 32 theme N-glycan 665:672 arg1 removal 654:660 removal 654:660 removal of N-glycan 654:672 The circular dichroism spectrum indicated that the IgY molecule became more flexible and disordered after removal of N-glycan. 27988289 4 33 theme infrared 450:457 arg1 spectrum 470:477 infrared absorption spectrum 450:477 infrared absorption spectrum 450:477 SDS-PAGE and infrared absorption spectrum showed that carbohydrates were distinctly reduced after enzymolysis. 27988289 3 34 theme egg 347:349 arg1 yolk 351:354 egg yolk 347:354 egg yolk 347:354 In this research, IgY was extracted from egg yolk and then digested by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) asparagine-amidase. 27988289 1 35 from applications 157:168 arg1 industry 173:180 industry 173:180 industry 173:180 Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a new therapeutic antibody, and its applications in industry are very broad. 27988289 6 36 theme N-glycan 793:800 arg1 disposal 781:788 disposal 781:788 disposal of N-glycan 781:800 The fluorescence intensity revealed that Trp residues were buried in a more hydrophobic environment after disposal of N-glycan. 27988289 8 37 theme guanidine 971:979 arg1 unfolding 1003:1011 guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding 971:1011 guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding 971:1011 Deglycosylated IgY exhibited less resistance to guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding. 27988289 2 38 from effects 226:232 arg1 IgY 256:258 IgY 256:258 IgY 256:258 To provide insight into the effects of N-glycosylation on IgY, its conformation and stability were studied. 27988289 0 39 from yolk 89:92 arg1 Y 78:78 immunoglobulin Y 63:78 immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk 63:92 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 39 from yolk 89:92 arg1 conformation 33:44 conformation 33:44 conformation 33:44 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 39 from yolk 89:92 arg1 stability 50:58 stability 50:58 stability 50:58 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 27988289 0 40 theme immunoglobulin 63:76 arg1 Y 78:78 immunoglobulin Y 63:78 immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk 63:92 The impact of N-glycosylation on conformation and stability of immunoglobulin Y from egg yolk. 28187329 5 0 located localized 566:574 arg1 cytoplasm 587:595 the cytoplasm 583:595 the cytoplasm of the cell 583:607 No predicted signal peptide was observed, suggesting this enzyme to be localized within the cytoplasm of the cell. 28187329 5 0 located localized 566:574 arg2 enzyme 553:558 this enzyme 548:558 this enzyme 548:558 No predicted signal peptide was observed, suggesting this enzyme to be localized within the cytoplasm of the cell. 28187329 11 1 theme natural 1295:1301 arg1 carbohydrates 1303:1315 the natural carbohydrates 1291:1315 the natural carbohydrates assayed 1291:1323 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 1 2 dep encoded 110:116 arg1 Although 101:108 Although 101:108 Although 101:108 Although encoded in the genome of many Lactobacillus spp. 28187329 12 3 theme transglycosylation 1579:1596 arg1 activity 1598:1605 no transglycosylation activity 1576:1605 no transglycosylation activity 1576:1605 However, under the conditions of the assay, the enzyme showed no transglycosylation activity. 28187329 7 4 theme coded 880:884 arg1 enzyme 886:891 the coded enzyme 876:891 the coded enzyme 876:891 malL was cloned in Escherichia coli and the coded enzyme overexpressed as a histidine-tagged protein (MalLHis). 28187329 13 5 theme complement 1639:1648 arg1 Characterization 1608:1623 Characterization 1608:1623 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum 1608:1680 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 10 6 theme specific 1202:1209 arg1 activities 1211:1220 similar specific activities 1194:1220 similar specific activities between pH5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42°C (optimum 30°C) 1194:1282 When using pNP-α-Glu as a substrate, MalLHis showed similar specific activities between pH5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42°C (optimum 30°C). 28187329 11 7 theme Vmax 1373:1376 arg1 values 1385:1390 Vmax and Km values 1373:1390 Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM 1373:1423 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 11 8 dep less 1435:1438 arg1 values 1469:1474 Vmax and Km values 1457:1474 Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM 1457:1510 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 13 9 theme entire 1632:1637 arg1 complement 1639:1648 the entire complement 1628:1648 the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum 1628:1680 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 5 10 theme cell 604:607 arg1 cytoplasm 587:595 the cytoplasm 583:595 the cytoplasm of the cell 583:607 No predicted signal peptide was observed, suggesting this enzyme to be localized within the cytoplasm of the cell. 28187329 10 11 theme similar 1194:1200 arg1 activities 1211:1220 similar specific activities 1194:1220 similar specific activities between pH5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42°C (optimum 30°C) 1194:1282 When using pNP-α-Glu as a substrate, MalLHis showed similar specific activities between pH5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42°C (optimum 30°C). 28187329 3 12 theme Lactobacillus 373:385 arg1 LL441 397:401 Lactobacillus plantarum LL441 373:401 Lactobacillus plantarum LL441 373:401 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 4 13 theme 66.31kDa 485:492 arg1 mass 477:480 a calculated total molecular mass 448:480 a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 448:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 10 14 theme optimum 1270:1276 arg1 30°C 1278:1281 optimum 30°C 1270:1281 optimum 30°C 1270:1281 When using pNP-α-Glu as a substrate, MalLHis showed similar specific activities between pH5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42°C (optimum 30°C). 28187329 10 14 theme optimum 1270:1276 arg1 20 1257:1258 20 1257:1258 20 1257:1258 When using pNP-α-Glu as a substrate, MalLHis showed similar specific activities between pH5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42°C (optimum 30°C). 28187329 4 15 theme amino 423:427 arg1 residues 434:441 572 amino acid residues 419:441 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 419:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 5 16 theme predicted 498:506 arg1 peptide 515:521 No predicted signal peptide 495:521 No predicted signal peptide 495:521 No predicted signal peptide was observed, suggesting this enzyme to be localized within the cytoplasm of the cell. 28187329 9 17 theme strong 1011:1016 arg1 activity 1029:1036 strong hydrolytic activity 1011:1036 strong hydrolytic activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-α-Glu) 1011:1090 MalLHis protein showed strong hydrolytic activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-α-Glu) but not to other pNP-α-d- or pNP-β-d-derivatives. 28187329 9 18 theme MalLHis 988:994 arg1 protein 996:1002 MalLHis protein 988:1002 MalLHis protein 988:1002 MalLHis protein showed strong hydrolytic activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-α-Glu) but not to other pNP-α-d- or pNP-β-d-derivatives. 28187329 6 19 theme glycosyl 768:775 arg1 hydrolases 777:786 glycosyl hydrolases 768:786 glycosyl hydrolases 768:786 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 13 20 theme foods 1810:1814 arg1 development 1784:1794 the development 1780:1794 the development of functional foods 1780:1814 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 5 21 theme signal 508:513 arg1 peptide 515:521 No predicted signal peptide 495:521 No predicted signal peptide 495:521 No predicted signal peptide was observed, suggesting this enzyme to be localized within the cytoplasm of the cell. 28187329 6 22 from sequence 653:660 arg1 area 669:672 the area 665:672 the area of its active sites 665:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 13 23 theme species 1715:1721 arg1 strains 1699:1705 strains 1699:1705 strains of this species 1699:1721 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 13 24 from plantarum 1672:1680 arg1 Characterization 1608:1623 Characterization 1608:1623 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum 1608:1680 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 3 25 theme putative 270:277 arg1 gene 329:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene 268:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) 268:339 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 3 25 theme putative 270:277 arg1 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 11 26 theme 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 1479:1497 arg1 values 1469:1474 Vmax and Km values 1457:1474 Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM 1457:1510 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 6 27 theme sites 688:692 arg1 area 669:672 the area 665:672 the area of its active sites 665:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 28 theme Homology 610:617 arg1 studies 619:625 Homology studies 610:625 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites 610:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 29 theme superfamily 753:763 arg1 family 794:799 family 13 794:802 family 13 (GH13) 794:809 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 29 theme superfamily 753:763 arg1 enzyme 709:714 the enzyme 705:714 the enzyme 705:714 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 29 theme superfamily 753:763 arg1 member 721:726 a member 719:726 a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH) 719:791 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 29 theme superfamily 753:763 arg1 GH 789:790 GH 789:790 GH 789:790 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 30 from area 669:672 arg1 studies 619:625 Homology studies 610:625 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites 610:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 31 theme active 681:686 arg1 sites 688:692 its active sites 677:692 its active sites 677:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 0 32 theme Genetic 0:6 arg1 characterization 24:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization 0:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 0:99 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 28187329 9 33 theme hydrolytic 1018:1027 arg1 activity 1029:1036 strong hydrolytic activity 1011:1036 strong hydrolytic activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-α-Glu) 1011:1090 MalLHis protein showed strong hydrolytic activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-α-Glu) but not to other pNP-α-d- or pNP-β-d-derivatives. 28187329 4 34 theme calculated 450:459 arg1 mass 477:480 a calculated total molecular mass 448:480 a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 448:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 3 35 theme plantarum 387:395 arg1 LL441 397:401 Lactobacillus plantarum LL441 373:401 Lactobacillus plantarum LL441 373:401 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 13 36 from Characterization 1608:1623 arg1 plantarum 1672:1680 L. plantarum 1669:1680 L. plantarum 1669:1680 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 3 37 theme oligo 295:299 arg1 gene 329:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene 268:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) 268:339 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 3 37 theme oligo 295:299 arg1 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 6 38 theme AmyAC 746:750 arg1 superfamily 753:763 the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily 731:763 the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases 731:786 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 11 39 theme 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 1395:1412 arg1 values 1385:1390 Vmax and Km values 1373:1390 Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM 1373:1423 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 3 40 theme LL441 397:401 arg1 genome 363:368 the genome 359:368 the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441 359:401 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 4 41 theme total 461:465 arg1 mass 477:480 a calculated total molecular mass 448:480 a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 448:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 12 42 theme assay 1551:1555 arg1 conditions 1533:1542 the conditions 1529:1542 the conditions of the assay 1529:1555 However, under the conditions of the assay, the enzyme showed no transglycosylation activity. 28187329 11 43 theme Km 1382:1383 arg1 values 1385:1390 Vmax and Km values 1373:1390 Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM 1373:1423 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 13 44 theme new 1740:1742 arg1 applications 1761:1772 new biotechnological applications 1740:1772 new biotechnological applications 1740:1772 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 3 45 theme oligosaccharide 279:293 arg1 gene 329:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene 268:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) 268:339 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 3 45 theme oligosaccharide 279:293 arg1 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 2 46 theme little 197:202 arg1 attention 204:212 little attention 197:212 little attention 197:212 strains, α-glucosidases have received little attention compared to other glycosyl hydrolases. 28187329 11 47 theme 6.22mM 1418:1423 arg1 values 1385:1390 Vmax and Km values 1373:1390 Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM 1373:1423 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 4 48 with residues 434:441 arg1 mass 477:480 a calculated total molecular mass 448:480 a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 448:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 13 49 theme glycosidases 1653:1664 arg1 complement 1639:1648 the entire complement 1628:1648 the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum 1628:1680 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 13 50 used used 1732:1735 arg2 strains 1699:1705 strains 1699:1705 strains of this species 1699:1721 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 0 51 from plantarum 90:98 arg1 characterization 24:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization 0:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 0:99 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 28187329 0 51 from plantarum 90:98 arg1 oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase 47:69 an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase 44:69 an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum 44:98 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 28187329 13 52 from complement 1639:1648 arg1 plantarum 1672:1680 L. plantarum 1669:1680 L. plantarum 1669:1680 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 6 53 theme hydrolases 777:786 arg1 superfamily 753:763 the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily 731:763 the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases 731:786 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 4 54 theme molecular 467:475 arg1 mass 477:480 a calculated total molecular mass 448:480 a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 448:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 6 55 theme α-amylase 735:743 arg1 superfamily 753:763 the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily 731:763 the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases 731:786 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 0 56 theme oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase 47:69 arg1 characterization 24:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization 0:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 0:99 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 28187329 11 57 dep showed 1334:1339 arg1 values 1385:1390 Vmax and Km values 1373:1390 Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM 1373:1423 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 2 58 theme glycosyl 232:239 arg1 hydrolases 241:250 other glycosyl hydrolases 226:250 other glycosyl hydrolases 226:250 strains, α-glucosidases have received little attention compared to other glycosyl hydrolases. 28187329 4 59 theme acid 429:432 arg1 residues 434:441 572 amino acid residues 419:441 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa 419:492 malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31kDa. 28187329 11 60 theme 244.52mM 1503:1510 arg1 values 1469:1474 Vmax and Km values 1457:1474 Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM 1457:1510 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 1 61 theme many 135:138 arg1 spp 154:156 many Lactobacillus spp 135:156 many Lactobacillus spp 135:156 Although encoded in the genome of many Lactobacillus spp. 28187329 3 62 theme -α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding 301:327 arg1 gene 329:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene 268:332 a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) 268:339 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 3 62 theme -α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding 301:327 arg1 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 malL 335:338 In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. 28187329 2 63 theme other 226:230 arg1 hydrolases 241:250 other glycosyl hydrolases 226:250 other glycosyl hydrolases 226:250 strains, α-glucosidases have received little attention compared to other glycosyl hydrolases. 28187329 11 64 theme Km 1466:1467 arg1 values 1469:1474 Vmax and Km values 1457:1474 Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM 1457:1510 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28187329 1 65 theme Lactobacillus 140:152 arg1 spp 154:156 many Lactobacillus spp 135:156 many Lactobacillus spp 135:156 Although encoded in the genome of many Lactobacillus spp. 28187329 6 66 theme sequence 653:660 arg1 studies 619:625 Homology studies 610:625 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites 610:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 6 67 from studies 619:625 arg1 area 669:672 the area 665:672 the area of its active sites 665:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 1 68 theme spp 154:156 arg1 genome 125:130 the genome 121:130 the genome of many Lactobacillus spp 121:156 Although encoded in the genome of many Lactobacillus spp. 28187329 6 69 theme acid 648:651 arg1 sequence 653:660 the deduced amino acid sequence 630:660 the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites 630:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 13 70 theme biotechnological 1744:1759 arg1 applications 1761:1772 new biotechnological applications 1740:1772 new biotechnological applications 1740:1772 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 13 71 theme functional 1799:1808 arg1 foods 1810:1814 functional foods 1799:1814 functional foods 1799:1814 Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods. 28187329 7 72 theme histidine-tagged 912:927 arg1 MalLHis 938:944 MalLHis 938:944 MalLHis 938:944 malL was cloned in Escherichia coli and the coded enzyme overexpressed as a histidine-tagged protein (MalLHis). 28187329 7 72 theme histidine-tagged 912:927 arg1 protein 929:935 a histidine-tagged protein 910:935 a histidine-tagged protein (MalLHis) 910:945 malL was cloned in Escherichia coli and the coded enzyme overexpressed as a histidine-tagged protein (MalLHis). 28187329 6 73 theme amino 642:646 arg1 sequence 653:660 the deduced amino acid sequence 630:660 the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites 630:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 0 74 from characterization 24:39 arg1 plantarum 90:98 Lactobacillus plantarum 76:98 Lactobacillus plantarum 76:98 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 28187329 0 75 theme biochemical 12:22 arg1 characterization 24:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization 0:39 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 0:99 Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum. 28187329 6 76 theme deduced 634:640 arg1 sequence 653:660 the deduced amino acid sequence 630:660 the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites 630:692 Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). 28187329 11 77 theme Vmax 1457:1460 arg1 values 1469:1474 Vmax and Km values 1457:1474 Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM 1457:1510 Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64μmolmin-1mg-1 and 6.22mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86μmolmin-1mg-1 and 244.52mM). 28629153 2 0 from SC 463:464 arg1 SC 430:431 SC 430:431 SC 430:431 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 2 0 from SC 463:464 arg1 crassifolium 416:427 pretreat Sargassum crassifolium 397:427 pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) 397:432 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 2 0 from SC 463:464 arg1 fucoidans 448:456 extracted fucoidans 438:456 extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water 438:478 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 4 1 theme algal 836:840 arg1 odor 842:845 the unpleasant algal odor 821:845 the unpleasant algal odor 821:845 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 8 2 theme rat 1427:1429 arg1 cells 1454:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 3 dep showed 1328:1333 arg1 suggested 1517:1525 suggested 1517:1525 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases 1514:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 4 theme pheochromocytoma 1431:1446 arg1 cells 1454:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 0 5 theme Properties 90:99 arg1 Evaluations 43:53 In Vitro Evaluations 34:53 In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 34:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 0 5 theme Properties 90:99 arg1 Characteristics 14:28 Compositional Characteristics 0:28 Compositional Characteristics 0:28 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 4 6 theme unpleasant 825:834 arg1 odor 842:845 the unpleasant algal odor 821:845 the unpleasant algal odor 821:845 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 8 7 theme PC-12 1448:1452 arg1 cells 1454:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 0 8 theme Extracts 110:117 arg1 Properties 90:99 Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties 58:99 Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 58:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 3 9 theme neuroprotective 650:664 arg1 activities 666:675 antioxidant and neuroprotective activities 634:675 activities 666:675 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 8 10 theme cytotoxicity 1411:1422 arg1 reversion 1385:1393 the reversion 1381:1393 the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1381:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 4 11 theme bulk 735:738 arg1 density 740:746 the bulk density 731:746 the bulk density of algal samples 731:763 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 6 12 theme various 1013:1019 arg1 characteristics 1021:1035 various characteristics 1013:1035 various characteristics of fucoidan 1013:1047 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 1 13 theme brown 316:320 arg1 algae 322:326 brown algae 316:326 brown algae 316:326 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 0 14 theme Crude 104:108 arg1 Extracts 110:117 Crude Extracts 104:117 Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 104:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 6 15 theme molecular 1148:1156 arg1 weight 1158:1163 molecular weight 1148:1163 molecular weight 1148:1163 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 3 16 from kg/cm² 524:529 arg1 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 16 from kg/cm² 524:529 arg1 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 16 from kg/cm² 524:529 arg1 puffing 511:517 puffing 511:517 puffing at 0 kg/cm² 511:529 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 16 from kg/cm² 524:529 arg1 puffing 537:543 puffing 537:543 puffing at 1.7 kg/cm² 537:557 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 16 from kg/cm² 524:529 arg1 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 16 from kg/cm² 524:529 arg1 extracts 496:503 Three fucoidan extracts 481:503 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) 481:590 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 17 dep SC1 506:508 arg1 kg/cm² 584:589 puffing at 6.3 kg/cm² 569:589 SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm² 506:589 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 8 18 theme diseases 1620:1627 arg1 treatment 1589:1597 the preventive treatment 1574:1597 the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases 1574:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 0 19 theme Fucoidan 122:129 arg1 Extracts 110:117 Crude Extracts 104:117 Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 104:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 6 20 theme infrared 1114:1121 arg1 spectroscopy 1130:1141 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1114:1141 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1114:1141 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 8 21 from agent 1565:1569 arg1 treatment 1589:1597 the preventive treatment 1574:1597 the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases 1574:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 22 theme high 1275:1278 arg1 properties 1312:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 23 theme extraction 1344:1353 arg1 yield 1355:1359 a higher extraction yield 1335:1359 a higher extraction yield 1335:1359 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 24 from reversion 1385:1393 arg1 cells 1454:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1427:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 25 theme neurodegenerative 1602:1618 arg1 diseases 1620:1627 neurodegenerative diseases 1602:1627 neurodegenerative diseases 1602:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 0 26 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 Characteristics 14:28 Compositional Characteristics 0:28 Compositional Characteristics 0:28 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 8 27 theme neuronal 1292:1299 arg1 properties 1312:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 28 theme H₂O₂-induced 1398:1409 arg1 cytotoxicity 1411:1422 H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity 1398:1422 H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity 1398:1422 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 7 29 theme antioxidant 1200:1210 arg1 activity 1212:1219 antioxidant activity 1200:1219 antioxidant activity 1200:1219 All three extracts SC1-SC3 showed antioxidant activity dose-dependently. 28629153 8 30 theme preventive 1578:1587 arg1 treatment 1589:1597 the preventive treatment 1574:1597 the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases 1574:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 1 31 theme fucose-containing 214:230 arg1 polysaccharide 241:254 a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide 212:254 a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions 212:288 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 1 31 theme fucose-containing 214:230 arg1 Fucoidan 202:209 Fucoidan 202:209 Fucoidan 202:209 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 2 32 theme warm 469:472 arg1 water 474:478 warm water 469:478 warm water 469:478 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 1 33 theme sulfated 232:239 arg1 polysaccharide 241:254 a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide 212:254 a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions 212:288 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 1 33 theme sulfated 232:239 arg1 Fucoidan 202:209 Fucoidan 202:209 Fucoidan 202:209 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 0 34 theme In 34:35 arg1 Evaluations 43:53 In Vitro Evaluations 34:53 In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 34:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 8 35 contain possessed 1265:1273 arg2 properties 1312:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 35 contain possessed 1265:1273 arg1 SC2 1261:1263 SC2 1261:1263 SC2 1261:1263 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 35 contain possessed 1265:1273 arg1 SC1 1253:1255 SC1 1253:1255 SC1 1253:1255 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 36 theme similar 1284:1290 arg1 properties 1312:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 5 37 theme fucoidans 916:924 arg1 impurities 902:911 impurities 902:911 impurities of fucoidans 902:924 The extraction yields of fucoidans were increased and impurities of fucoidans were decreased by increasing the pressures used in CPP. 28629153 3 38 theme fucoidan 487:494 arg1 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 38 theme fucoidan 487:494 arg1 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 38 theme fucoidan 487:494 arg1 puffing 511:517 puffing 511:517 puffing at 0 kg/cm² 511:529 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 38 theme fucoidan 487:494 arg1 puffing 537:543 puffing 537:543 puffing at 1.7 kg/cm² 537:557 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 38 theme fucoidan 487:494 arg1 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 38 theme fucoidan 487:494 arg1 extracts 496:503 Three fucoidan extracts 481:503 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) 481:590 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 6 39 theme weight 1158:1163 arg1 analyses 1071:1078 the analyses 1067:1078 the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight 1067:1163 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 8 40 theme higher 1362:1367 arg1 efficacy 1369:1376 higher efficacy 1362:1376 higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1362:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 6 41 theme composition 1083:1093 arg1 analyses 1071:1078 the analyses 1067:1078 the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight 1067:1163 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 8 42 from impurities 1471:1480 arg1 reversion 1385:1393 the reversion 1381:1393 the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1381:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 43 theme good 1532:1535 arg1 candidate 1537:1545 a good candidate 1530:1545 a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases 1530:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 1 44 with polysaccharide 241:254 arg1 functions 280:288 diverse biological functions 261:288 diverse biological functions 261:288 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 1 45 theme diverse 261:267 arg1 functions 280:288 diverse biological functions 261:288 diverse biological functions 261:288 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 4 46 theme algal 779:783 arg1 structures 794:803 the algal cellular structures 775:803 the algal cellular structures 775:803 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 6 47 theme fucoidan 1040:1047 arg1 characteristics 1021:1035 various characteristics 1013:1035 various characteristics of fucoidan 1013:1047 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 2 48 theme extracted 438:446 arg1 fucoidans 448:456 extracted fucoidans 438:456 extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water 438:478 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 8 49 theme protective 1301:1310 arg1 properties 1312:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 high and similar neuronal protective properties 1275:1321 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 8 50 from yield 1355:1359 arg1 reversion 1385:1393 the reversion 1381:1393 the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1381:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 1 51 theme biological 269:278 arg1 functions 280:288 diverse biological functions 261:288 diverse biological functions 261:288 Fucoidan, a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide with diverse biological functions, is mainly recovered from brown algae. 28629153 0 52 theme Antioxidant 58:68 arg1 Properties 90:99 Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties 58:99 Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 58:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 5 53 theme fucoidans 873:881 arg1 yields 863:868 The extraction yields 848:868 The extraction yields of fucoidans 848:881 The extraction yields of fucoidans were increased and impurities of fucoidans were decreased by increasing the pressures used in CPP. 28629153 8 54 theme lower 1465:1469 arg1 impurities 1471:1480 lower impurities 1465:1480 lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 1465:1512 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 4 55 theme cellular 785:792 arg1 structures 794:803 the algal cellular structures 775:803 the algal cellular structures 775:803 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 6 56 dep Fourier 1096:1102 arg1 transform 1104:1112 transform 1104:1112 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 1104:1141 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 8 57 theme therapeutic 1553:1563 arg1 agent 1565:1569 a therapeutic agent 1551:1569 a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases 1551:1627 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 3 58 theme antioxidant 634:644 arg1 activities 666:675 antioxidant and neuroprotective activities 634:675 activities 666:675 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 0 59 dep In 34:35 arg1 Vitro 37:41 Vitro 37:41 Vitro 37:41 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 6 60 theme SC1-SC3 986:992 arg1 extracts 994:1001 The SC1-SC3 extracts 982:1001 The SC1-SC3 extracts 982:1001 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 6 61 theme Fourier 1096:1102 arg1 analyses 1071:1078 the analyses 1067:1078 the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight 1067:1163 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 3 62 from kg/cm² 552:557 arg1 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 62 from kg/cm² 552:557 arg1 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 62 from kg/cm² 552:557 arg1 puffing 511:517 puffing 511:517 puffing at 0 kg/cm² 511:529 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 62 from kg/cm² 552:557 arg1 puffing 537:543 puffing 537:543 puffing at 1.7 kg/cm² 537:557 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 62 from kg/cm² 552:557 arg1 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 62 from kg/cm² 552:557 arg1 extracts 496:503 Three fucoidan extracts 481:503 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) 481:590 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 8 63 theme higher 1337:1342 arg1 yield 1355:1359 a higher extraction yield 1335:1359 a higher extraction yield 1335:1359 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 4 64 theme algal 751:755 arg1 samples 757:763 algal samples 751:763 algal samples 751:763 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 2 65 theme compressional-puffing 358:378 arg1 CPP 389:391 CPP 389:391 CPP 389:391 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 2 65 theme compressional-puffing 358:378 arg1 process 380:386 a compressional-puffing process 356:386 a compressional-puffing process (CPP) 356:392 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 2 66 used utilized 347:354 arg2 we 344:345 we 344:345 we 344:345 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 4 67 theme samples 757:763 arg1 density 740:746 the bulk density 731:746 the bulk density of algal samples 731:763 The results suggest that CPP decreased the bulk density of algal samples, expanded the algal cellular structures, and eliminated the unpleasant algal odor. 28629153 0 68 theme Neuroprotective 74:88 arg1 Properties 90:99 Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties 58:99 Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan 58:129 Compositional Characteristics and In Vitro Evaluations of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Crude Extracts of Fucoidan Prepared from Compressional Puffing-Pretreated Sargassum crassifolium. 28629153 5 69 theme extraction 852:861 arg1 yields 863:868 The extraction yields 848:868 The extraction yields of fucoidans 848:881 The extraction yields of fucoidans were increased and impurities of fucoidans were decreased by increasing the pressures used in CPP. 28629153 6 70 dep infrared 1114:1121 arg1 FTIR 1124:1127 FTIR 1124:1127 FTIR 1124:1127 The SC1-SC3 extracts displayed various characteristics of fucoidan as illustrated by the analyses of composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular weight. 28629153 2 71 theme Sargassum 406:414 arg1 SC 430:431 SC 430:431 SC 430:431 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 2 71 theme Sargassum 406:414 arg1 crassifolium 416:427 pretreat Sargassum crassifolium 397:427 pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) 397:432 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 3 72 dep extracts 496:503 arg1 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 SC1 506:508 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 72 dep extracts 496:503 arg1 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 SC2 532:534 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 72 dep extracts 496:503 arg1 puffing 511:517 puffing 511:517 puffing at 0 kg/cm² 511:529 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 72 dep extracts 496:503 arg1 puffing 537:543 puffing 537:543 puffing at 1.7 kg/cm² 537:557 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 72 dep extracts 496:503 arg1 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 SC3 564:566 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 3 72 dep extracts 496:503 arg1 extracts 496:503 Three fucoidan extracts 481:503 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) 481:590 Three fucoidan extracts (SC1: puffing at 0 kg/cm²; SC2: puffing at 1.7 kg/cm²; and SC3: puffing at 6.3 kg/cm²) were obtained, and their composition, and antioxidant and neuroprotective activities were examined. 28629153 2 73 theme pretreat 397:404 arg1 SC 430:431 SC 430:431 SC 430:431 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 2 73 theme pretreat 397:404 arg1 crassifolium 416:427 pretreat Sargassum crassifolium 397:427 pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) 397:432 In this study, we utilized a compressional-puffing process (CPP) to pretreat Sargassum crassifolium (SC) and extracted fucoidans from SC by warm water. 28629153 8 74 from efficacy 1369:1376 arg1 reversion 1385:1393 the reversion 1381:1393 the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells 1381:1458 Although both SC1 and SC2 possessed high and similar neuronal protective properties, SC2 showed a higher extraction yield, higher efficacy in the reversion of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells, and lower impurities compared with SC1, and thus SC2 is suggested as a good candidate for a therapeutic agent in the preventive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 28629153 7 75 theme extracts 1176:1183 arg1 SC1-SC3 1185:1191 All three extracts SC1-SC3 1166:1191 All three extracts SC1-SC3 1166:1191 All three extracts SC1-SC3 showed antioxidant activity dose-dependently. 27662881 5 0 theme twoplex 1135:1141 arg1 manner 1143:1148 a twoplex manner 1133:1148 a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1133:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 1 1 theme oligosaccharide 275:289 arg1 analysis 302:309 oligosaccharide structural analysis 275:309 oligosaccharide structural analysis 275:309 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 7 2 theme performance 1883:1893 arg1 verification 1854:1865 verification 1854:1865 verification 1854:1865 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 7 2 theme performance 1883:1893 arg1 elucidation 1839:1849 elucidation 1839:1849 elucidation 1839:1849 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 6 3 theme glycosylation 1596:1608 arg1 sites 1610:1614 different glycosylation sites 1586:1614 different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1586:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 6 4 theme differential 1449:1460 arg1 analysis 1471:1478 differential glycomic analysis 1449:1478 differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1449:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 1 5 theme excellent 189:197 arg1 efficiency 199:208 excellent efficiency 189:208 excellent efficiency 189:208 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 4 6 theme background 879:888 arg1 electrolyte 890:900 the background electrolyte 875:900 the background electrolyte 875:900 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 7 7 theme structural 1828:1837 arg1 elucidation 1839:1849 elucidation 1839:1849 elucidation 1839:1849 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 2 8 theme resolution 340:349 arg1 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 2 8 theme resolution 340:349 arg1 spectrometry 356:367 high resolution mass spectrometry 335:367 high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis 335:392 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 6 9 theme microheterogeneity 1555:1572 arg1 analysis 1574:1581 quantitative microheterogeneity analysis 1542:1581 quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1542:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 7 10 theme CE 1701:1702 arg1 requirements 1685:1696 the low injection volume requirements 1660:1696 the low injection volume requirements of CE 1660:1702 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 4 11 theme capillary 941:949 arg1 inlet 951:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 7 12 theme techniques 1813:1822 arg1 use 1784:1786 the use 1780:1786 the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance 1780:1893 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 0 13 theme mass 132:135 arg1 spectrometry 137:148 capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry 106:148 capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry 106:148 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 4 14 dep concentration 851:863 arg1 the 847:849 the 847:849 the 847:849 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 15 from length 975:980 arg1 inlet 951:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 5 16 theme quantitative 1100:1111 arg1 profiling 1120:1128 quantitative glycan profiling 1100:1128 quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1100:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 1 17 theme chromatographic 238:252 arg1 separations 259:269 liquid chromatographic (LC) separations 231:269 liquid chromatographic (LC) separations 231:269 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 7 18 theme injection 1668:1676 arg1 requirements 1685:1696 the low injection volume requirements 1660:1696 the low injection volume requirements of CE 1660:1702 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 4 19 theme applied 917:923 arg1 pressure 925:932 applied pressure 917:932 applied pressure 917:932 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 6 20 theme quantitative 1300:1311 arg1 analysis 1326:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis 1288:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform 1288:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 21 theme developed 1064:1072 arg1 method 1074:1079 the developed method 1060:1079 the developed method 1060:1079 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 3 22 theme acid 609:612 arg1 glycans 630:636 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans 594:636 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans 594:636 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 5 23 dep light 1225:1229 arg1 clusters 1278:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 4 24 theme excellent 738:746 arg1 precision 748:756 excellent precision 738:756 excellent precision 738:756 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 5 25 theme isotope 1270:1276 arg1 clusters 1278:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 1 26 theme Capillary 151:159 arg1 CE 178:179 CE 178:179 CE 178:179 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 1 26 theme Capillary 151:159 arg1 electrophoresis 161:175 Capillary electrophoresis 151:175 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) 151:180 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 6 27 theme biopharmaceuticals 1394:1411 arg1 assessment 1380:1389 comparability assessment 1366:1389 comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, 1366:1443 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 4 28 from effect 907:912 arg1 inlet 951:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 3 29 theme labelled 621:628 arg1 glycans 630:636 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans 594:636 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans 594:636 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 2 30 theme offline 516:522 arg1 separations 527:537 offline CE separations 516:537 offline CE separations 516:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 0 31 theme 2-aminobenzoic 72:85 arg1 labelling 92:100 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling 72:100 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling 72:100 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 4 32 theme capillary 965:973 arg1 length 975:980 the capillary length 961:980 the capillary length 961:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 33 theme excessive 786:794 arg1 times 805:809 excessive analysis times 786:809 excessive analysis times 786:809 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 5 34 theme labelled 1254:1261 arg1 clusters 1278:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 7 35 theme same 1738:1741 arg1 sample 1743:1748 the same sample 1734:1748 the same sample 1734:1748 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 2 36 theme due 421:423 arg1 task 416:419 a challenging task 402:419 a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations 402:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 0 37 theme capillary 106:114 arg1 electrophoresis 116:130 capillary electrophoresis 106:130 capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry 106:148 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 2 38 theme buffers 477:483 arg1 incompatibility 435:449 the MS incompatibility 428:449 the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations 428:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 2 39 theme challenging 404:414 arg1 task 416:419 a challenging task 402:419 a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations 402:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 0 40 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 analysis 28:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis 0:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis 0:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 5 41 theme electropherograms 1191:1207 arg1 generation 1163:1172 the generation 1159:1172 the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1159:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 7 42 theme LC-MS 1716:1720 arg1 analysis 1722:1729 subsequent LC-MS analysis 1705:1729 subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample 1705:1748 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 2 43 theme background 454:463 arg1 buffers 477:483 background electrolyte buffers 454:483 background electrolyte buffers 454:483 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 0 44 theme glycan 21:26 arg1 analysis 28:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis 0:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis 0:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 6 45 theme monoclonal 1422:1431 arg1 antibodies 1433:1442 monoclonal antibodies 1422:1442 monoclonal antibodies 1422:1442 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 46 theme 2-AA 1054:1057 arg1 isotopologues 1037:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues 1004:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA 1004:1057 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 2 47 theme additives 489:497 arg1 incompatibility 435:449 the MS incompatibility 428:449 the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations 428:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 0 48 theme stable 57:62 arg1 isotope 64:70 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry 57:148 isotope 64:70 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 5 49 theme extracted 1177:1185 arg1 EIE 1210:1212 EIE 1210:1212 EIE 1210:1212 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 5 49 theme extracted 1177:1185 arg1 electropherograms 1191:1207 extracted ion electropherograms 1177:1207 extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1177:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 4 50 theme CE 812:813 arg1 length 975:980 the capillary length 961:980 the capillary length 961:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 50 theme CE 812:813 arg1 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 50 theme CE 812:813 arg1 conditions 826:835 CE separation conditions 812:835 CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length 812:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 50 theme CE 812:813 arg1 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 50 theme CE 812:813 arg1 effect 907:912 the effect 903:912 the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet 903:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 6 51 theme biomarker 1515:1523 arg1 discovery 1525:1533 potential biomarker discovery 1505:1533 potential biomarker discovery 1505:1533 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 52 theme 12/13C6 1022:1028 arg1 isotopologues 1037:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues 1004:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA 1004:1057 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 7 53 theme quantitative 1870:1881 arg1 performance 1883:1893 quantitative performance 1870:1893 quantitative performance 1870:1893 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 2 54 theme glycan 378:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 glycan analysis 378:392 glycan analysis 378:392 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 6 55 theme clinical 1483:1490 arg1 material 1492:1499 clinical material 1483:1499 clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1483:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 4 56 theme electrolyte 890:900 arg1 length 975:980 the capillary length 961:980 the capillary length 961:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 56 theme electrolyte 890:900 arg1 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 56 theme electrolyte 890:900 arg1 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 56 theme electrolyte 890:900 arg1 effect 907:912 the effect 903:912 the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet 903:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 2 57 theme CE 327:328 arg1 Combination 312:322 Combination 312:322 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis 312:392 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 1 58 theme structural 291:300 arg1 analysis 302:309 oligosaccharide structural analysis 275:309 oligosaccharide structural analysis 275:309 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 3 59 theme novel 548:552 arg1 method 554:559 a novel method 546:559 a novel method 546:559 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 6 60 theme different 1586:1594 arg1 sites 1610:1614 different glycosylation sites 1586:1614 different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1586:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 2 61 theme mass 351:354 arg1 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 2 61 theme mass 351:354 arg1 spectrometry 356:367 high resolution mass spectrometry 335:367 high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis 335:392 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 7 62 theme separation 1802:1811 arg1 techniques 1813:1822 orthogonal separation techniques 1791:1822 orthogonal separation techniques 1791:1822 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 2 63 theme high 335:338 arg1 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 2 63 theme high 335:338 arg1 spectrometry 356:367 high resolution mass spectrometry 335:367 high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis 335:392 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 6 64 theme quantitative 1542:1553 arg1 analysis 1574:1581 quantitative microheterogeneity analysis 1542:1581 quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1542:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 7 65 theme volume 1678:1683 arg1 requirements 1685:1696 the low injection volume requirements 1660:1696 the low injection volume requirements of CE 1660:1702 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 6 66 theme analysis 1326:1333 arg1 platform 1335:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform 1288:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform 1288:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 1 67 theme liquid 231:236 arg1 separations 259:269 liquid chromatographic (LC) separations 231:269 liquid chromatographic (LC) separations 231:269 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 7 68 theme low 1664:1666 arg1 requirements 1685:1696 the low injection volume requirements 1660:1696 the low injection volume requirements of CE 1660:1702 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 6 69 theme CE-MS 1313:1317 arg1 analysis 1326:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis 1288:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform 1288:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 70 theme glycan 1113:1118 arg1 profiling 1120:1128 quantitative glycan profiling 1100:1128 quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1100:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 3 71 theme 2-aminobenzoic 594:607 arg1 2-AA 615:618 2-AA 615:618 2-AA 615:618 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 3 71 theme 2-aminobenzoic 594:607 arg1 acid 609:612 2-aminobenzoic acid 594:612 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans 594:636 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 4 72 from concentration 851:863 arg1 inlet 951:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 73 theme maximum 715:721 arg1 resolution 723:732 maximum resolution 715:732 maximum resolution 715:732 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 5 74 theme glycan 1263:1268 arg1 clusters 1278:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 6 75 theme twoplex 1292:1298 arg1 analysis 1326:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis 1288:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform 1288:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 6 76 gly glycosylation 1596:1608 arg2 sites 1610:1614 different glycosylation sites 1586:1614 different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1586:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 3 77 theme glycans 630:636 arg1 analysis 582:589 the analysis 578:589 the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans 578:636 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 7 78 theme orthogonal 1791:1800 arg1 techniques 1813:1822 orthogonal separation techniques 1791:1822 orthogonal separation techniques 1791:1822 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 2 79 with Combination 312:322 arg1 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 MS 370:371 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 2 79 with Combination 312:322 arg1 spectrometry 356:367 high resolution mass spectrometry 335:367 high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis 335:392 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 4 80 theme pressure 925:932 arg1 length 975:980 the capillary length 961:980 the capillary length 961:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 80 theme pressure 925:932 arg1 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 80 theme pressure 925:932 arg1 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 80 theme pressure 925:932 arg1 effect 907:912 the effect 903:912 the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet 903:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 2 81 theme CE 524:525 arg1 separations 527:537 offline CE separations 516:537 offline CE separations 516:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 0 82 theme acid 87:90 arg1 labelling 92:100 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling 72:100 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling 72:100 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 6 83 theme sites 1610:1614 arg1 analysis 1574:1581 quantitative microheterogeneity analysis 1542:1581 quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1542:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 84 theme 2-AA 1249:1252 arg1 clusters 1278:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1249:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 6 85 theme comparability 1366:1378 arg1 assessment 1380:1389 comparability assessment 1366:1389 comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, 1366:1443 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 0 86 theme electrophoresis 116:130 arg1 spectrometry 137:148 capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry 106:148 capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry 106:148 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 7 87 theme sample 1743:1748 arg1 analysis 1722:1729 subsequent LC-MS analysis 1705:1729 subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample 1705:1748 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 4 88 theme analysis 796:803 arg1 times 805:809 excessive analysis times 786:809 excessive analysis times 786:809 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 0 89 theme twoplex 13:19 arg1 analysis 28:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis 0:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis 0:35 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 4 90 from pH 869:870 arg1 inlet 951:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 the capillary inlet 937:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 2 91 theme electrolyte 465:475 arg1 buffers 477:483 background electrolyte buffers 454:483 background electrolyte buffers 454:483 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 5 92 from profiling 1120:1128 arg1 manner 1143:1148 a twoplex manner 1133:1148 a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1133:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 0 93 dep isotope 64:70 arg1 labelling 92:100 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling 72:100 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling 72:100 Quantitative twoplex glycan analysis using 12C6 and 13C6 stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid labelling and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. 27662881 2 94 theme MS 432:433 arg1 incompatibility 435:449 the MS incompatibility 428:449 the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations 428:537 Combination of CE with high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for glycan analysis remains a challenging task due to the MS incompatibility of background electrolyte buffers and additives commonly used in offline CE separations. 27662881 7 95 theme subsequent 1705:1714 arg1 analysis 1722:1729 subsequent LC-MS analysis 1705:1729 subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample 1705:1748 Additionally, due to the low injection volume requirements of CE, subsequent LC-MS analysis of the same sample can be performed facilitating the use of orthogonal separation techniques for structural elucidation or verification of quantitative performance. 27662881 3 96 theme capillary 641:649 arg1 electrophoresis 651:665 capillary electrophoresis 641:665 capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) 641:702 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 1 97 theme LC 255:256 arg1 separations 259:269 liquid chromatographic (LC) separations 231:269 liquid chromatographic (LC) separations 231:269 Capillary electrophoresis (CE) offers excellent efficiency and orthogonality to liquid chromatographic (LC) separations for oligosaccharide structural analysis. 27662881 6 98 theme glycan 1319:1324 arg1 analysis 1326:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis 1288:1333 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform 1288:1342 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 99 theme ion 1187:1189 arg1 EIE 1210:1212 EIE 1210:1212 EIE 1210:1212 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 5 99 theme ion 1187:1189 arg1 electropherograms 1191:1207 extracted ion electropherograms 1177:1207 extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters 1177:1285 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 5 100 theme available 1012:1020 arg1 isotopologues 1037:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues 1004:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA 1004:1057 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 3 101 theme mass 678:681 arg1 spectrometry 683:694 mass spectrometry 678:694 mass spectrometry (CE-MS) 678:702 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 3 101 theme mass 678:681 arg1 CE-MS 697:701 CE-MS 697:701 CE-MS 697:701 Here, a novel method is presented for the analysis of 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) labelled glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). 27662881 6 102 theme potential 1505:1513 arg1 discovery 1525:1533 potential biomarker discovery 1505:1533 potential biomarker discovery 1505:1533 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 6 103 gly glycoprotein 1625:1636 arg1 glycoprotein 1625:1636 a glycoprotein 1623:1636 a glycoprotein 1623:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 5 104 theme stable 1030:1035 arg1 isotopologues 1037:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues 1004:1049 readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA 1004:1057 Using readily available 12/13C6 stable isotopologues of 2-AA, the developed method can be applied for quantitative glycan profiling in a twoplex manner based on the generation of extracted ion electropherograms (EIE) for 12C6 'light' and 13C6 'heavy' 2-AA labelled glycan isotope clusters. 27662881 4 105 theme separation 815:824 arg1 length 975:980 the capillary length 961:980 the capillary length 961:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 105 theme separation 815:824 arg1 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 pH 869:870 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 105 theme separation 815:824 arg1 conditions 826:835 CE separation conditions 812:835 CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length 812:980 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 105 theme separation 815:824 arg1 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 concentration 851:863 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 4 105 theme separation 815:824 arg1 effect 907:912 the effect 903:912 the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet 903:955 To ensure maximum resolution and excellent precision without the requirement for excessive analysis times, CE separation conditions including the concentration and pH of the background electrolyte, the effect of applied pressure on the capillary inlet and the capillary length were evaluated. 27662881 6 106 theme glycomic 1462:1469 arg1 analysis 1471:1478 differential glycomic analysis 1449:1478 differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1449:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 27662881 6 107 theme material 1492:1499 arg1 analysis 1471:1478 differential glycomic analysis 1449:1478 differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein 1449:1636 The twoplex quantitative CE-MS glycan analysis platform is ideally suited for comparability assessment of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies, for differential glycomic analysis of clinical material for potential biomarker discovery or for quantitative microheterogeneity analysis of different glycosylation sites within a glycoprotein. 25369263 4 0 theme phthalimido 742:752 arg1 groups 754:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 4 0 theme phthalimido 742:752 arg1 precursor 783:791 the precursor 779:791 the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 779:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 1 1 theme Edwardsiella 249:260 arg1 tarda 262:266 Edwardsiella tarda 249:266 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 249:275 A convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156. 25369263 2 2 theme trichloroacetimidate 509:528 arg1 activation 495:504 activation 495:504 activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only 495:549 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 1 3 theme tarda 262:266 arg1 1156 272:275 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 249:275 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 249:275 A convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156. 25369263 0 4 theme tarda 107:111 arg1 strain 122:127 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 4 5 theme group 818:822 arg1 groups 754:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 4 5 theme group 818:822 arg1 precursor 783:791 the precursor 779:791 the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 779:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 1 6 theme PCM 268:270 arg1 1156 272:275 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 249:275 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 249:275 A convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156. 25369263 0 7 theme Edwardsiella 94:105 arg1 tarda 107:111 Edwardsiella tarda 94:111 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 4 8 theme acetamido 808:816 arg1 group 818:822 the desired acetamido group 796:822 the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 796:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 1 9 theme convergent 132:141 arg1 strategy 143:150 A convergent strategy 130:150 A convergent strategy 130:150 A convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156. 25369263 0 10 theme 1156 117:120 arg1 strain 122:127 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 4 11 used used 771:774 arg2 precursor 783:791 the precursor 779:791 the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 779:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 4 11 used used 771:774 arg2 groups 754:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 2 12 theme Sequential 278:287 arg1 glycosylations 289:302 Sequential glycosylations 278:302 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 278:367 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 0 13 theme PCM 113:115 arg1 strain 122:127 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain 94:127 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 3 14 dep yields 719:724 arg1 to 706:707 to 706:707 to 706:707 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 2 15 theme thioglycosides 411:424 arg1 activation 397:406 the activation 393:406 the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica 393:487 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 3 16 theme desired 613:619 arg1 linkage 621:627 the desired linkage 609:627 the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity 609:659 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 4 17 theme azido 732:736 arg1 groups 754:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups 727:759 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 4 17 theme azido 732:736 arg1 precursor 783:791 the precursor 779:791 the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 779:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 0 18 theme Concise 0:6 arg1 synthesis 8:16 Concise synthesis 0:16 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 0:78 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 3 19 theme linkage 621:627 arg1 formation 596:604 the formation 592:604 the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity 592:659 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 4 20 theme linkage 889:895 arg1 requirement 841:851 the requirement 837:851 the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 837:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 2 21 theme series 309:314 arg1 glycosylations 289:302 Sequential glycosylations 278:302 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 278:367 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 3 22 with linkage 621:627 arg1 stereoselectivity 643:659 absolute stereoselectivity 634:659 absolute stereoselectivity 634:659 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 1 23 theme tetrasaccharide 196:210 arg1 synthesis 179:187 the synthesis 175:187 the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 175:275 A convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156. 25369263 3 24 theme excellent 709:717 arg1 yields 719:724 good to excellent yields 701:724 good to excellent yields 701:724 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 4 25 theme 1,2-trans-glycosidic 868:887 arg1 linkage 889:895 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 856:895 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 856:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 0 26 theme tetrasaccharide 25:39 arg1 synthesis 8:16 Concise synthesis 0:16 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide 0:78 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 2 27 with conjunction 459:469 arg1 H2SO4-silica 476:487 H2SO4-silica 476:487 H2SO4-silica 476:487 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 2 28 gly glycosylations 289:302 arg1 series 309:314 a series 307:314 a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 307:367 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 3 29 theme good 701:704 arg1 yields 719:724 good to excellent yields 701:724 good to excellent yields 701:724 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 2 30 from activation 397:406 arg1 conjunction 459:469 conjunction 459:469 conjunction with H2SO4-silica 459:487 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 3 31 theme absolute 634:641 arg1 stereoselectivity 643:659 absolute stereoselectivity 634:659 absolute stereoselectivity 634:659 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 2 32 theme intermediates 355:367 arg1 series 309:314 a series 307:314 a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 307:367 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 3 33 theme required 677:684 arg1 derivatives 686:696 the required derivatives 673:696 the required derivatives 673:696 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 2 34 theme monosaccharide 340:353 arg1 intermediates 355:367 rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 319:367 rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 319:367 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 4 35 theme desired 800:806 arg1 group 818:822 the desired acetamido group 796:822 the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 796:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 2 36 theme protected 330:338 arg1 intermediates 355:367 rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 319:367 rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates 319:367 Sequential glycosylations of a series of rationally protected monosaccharide intermediates were achieved either by the activation of thioglycosides using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) in conjunction with H2SO4-silica or by activation of trichloroacetimidate by H2SO4-silica only. 25369263 0 37 theme O-polysaccharide 63:78 arg1 unit 51:54 unit 51:54 unit of the O-polysaccharide 51:78 Concise synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156 strain. 25369263 4 38 theme 1,2-cis- 856:863 arg1 linkage 889:895 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 856:895 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage 856:895 Both azido and phthalimido groups have been used as the precursor of the desired acetamido group depending on the requirement of 1,2-cis- or 1,2-trans-glycosidic linkage. 25369263 3 39 theme glycosylation 556:568 arg1 reactions 570:578 All glycosylation reactions 552:578 All glycosylation reactions 552:578 All glycosylation reactions resulted in the formation of the desired linkage with absolute stereoselectivity and yielded the required derivatives in good to excellent yields. 25369263 1 40 theme O-antigen 234:242 arg1 unit 222:225 unit 222:225 unit of the O-antigen 222:242 A convergent strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Edwardsiella tarda PCM 1156. 25151386 4 0 theme high 469:472 arg1 density 474:480 a high density 467:480 a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 467:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 5 1 theme glycans 630:636 arg1 composition 615:625 chemical composition 606:625 chemical composition 606:625 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 5 1 theme glycans 630:636 arg1 size 597:600 size 597:600 size 597:600 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 9 2 theme pump 1354:1357 arg1 structures 1359:1368 ion pump structures 1350:1368 ion pump structures 1350:1368 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 5 3 from Changes 582:588 arg1 composition 615:625 chemical composition 606:625 chemical composition 606:625 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 5 3 from Changes 582:588 arg1 size 597:600 size 597:600 size 597:600 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 4 4 theme ion 568:570 arg1 channels 572:579 ion channels 568:579 ion channels 568:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 9 5 from effects 1401:1407 arg1 function 1530:1537 nervous system function 1515:1537 nervous system function 1515:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 5 from effects 1401:1407 arg1 availability 1441:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 5 from effects 1401:1407 arg1 glycosylation 1498:1510 glycosylation 1498:1510 glycosylation 1498:1510 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 5 from effects 1401:1407 arg1 function 1458:1465 function 1458:1465 function 1458:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 8 6 theme various 1255:1261 arg1 nucleus 1298:1304 the nucleus 1294:1304 the nucleus 1294:1304 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 8 6 theme various 1255:1261 arg1 loci 1263:1266 various loci 1255:1266 various loci within the cell including the nucleus 1255:1304 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 9 7 theme nervous 1515:1521 arg1 system 1523:1528 nervous system 1515:1528 nervous system function 1515:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 3 8 theme N-linked 351:358 arg1 large 388:392 large 388:392 large 388:392 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 8 theme N-linked 351:358 arg1 glycans 360:366 The N-linked glycans 347:366 The N-linked glycans of ion channels 347:382 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 6 9 theme transport 912:920 arg1 proteins 922:929 ion transport proteins 908:929 ion transport proteins 908:929 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 9 10 theme channel 1433:1439 arg1 availability 1441:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 2 11 link N-linked 260:267 arg1 glycosylation 269:281 N-linked glycosylation 260:281 N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function 260:344 Transport proteins undergo N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function. 25151386 8 12 theme plasma 1184:1189 arg1 membrane 1191:1198 the plasma membrane 1180:1198 the plasma membrane 1180:1198 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 6 13 theme ion 908:910 arg1 proteins 922:929 ion transport proteins 908:929 ion transport proteins 908:929 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 6 14 theme appropriate 1011:1021 arg1 signaling 1023:1031 appropriate signaling 1011:1031 appropriate signaling 1011:1031 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 6 15 theme considerable 814:825 arg1 influence 827:835 considerable influence 814:835 considerable influence 814:835 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 8 16 located localized 1167:1175 arg2 processes 1153:1161 these processes 1147:1161 these processes 1147:1161 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 8 16 located localized 1167:1175 arg1 membrane 1191:1198 the plasma membrane 1180:1198 the plasma membrane 1180:1198 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 8 16 located localized 1167:1175 arg2 some 1139:1142 some 1139:1142 some 1139:1142 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 4 17 theme channels 572:579 arg1 gating 558:563 voltage-dependent gating 540:563 voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 540:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 2 18 gly glycosylation 269:281 arg1 proteins 243:250 Transport proteins 233:250 Transport proteins 233:250 Transport proteins undergo N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function. 25151386 1 19 theme large 95:99 arg1 proteins 115:122 large transmembrane proteins 95:122 large transmembrane proteins 95:122 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 19 theme large 95:99 arg1 transporters 219:230 transporters 219:230 transporters 219:230 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 19 theme large 95:99 arg1 pumps 209:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 19 theme large 95:99 arg1 channels 172:179 gated ion channels 162:179 gated ion channels 162:179 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 8 20 theme ganglioside-regulated 1201:1221 arg1 transport 1227:1235 ganglioside-regulated ion transport 1201:1235 ganglioside-regulated ion transport 1201:1235 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 1 21 theme nervous 57:63 arg1 system 65:70 The nervous system 53:70 The nervous system 53:70 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 21 theme nervous 57:63 arg1 endowed 82:88 endowed 82:88 endowed 82:88 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 9 22 theme ion 1350:1352 arg1 structures 1359:1368 ion pump structures 1350:1368 ion pump structures 1350:1368 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 5 23 theme many 750:753 arg1 channels 759:766 many ion channels 750:766 many ion channels 750:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 9 24 theme ion 1334:1336 arg1 channel 1338:1344 ion channel 1334:1344 ion channel 1334:1344 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 5 25 theme chemical 606:613 arg1 composition 615:625 chemical composition 606:625 chemical composition 606:625 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 9 26 theme system 1523:1528 arg1 function 1530:1537 nervous system function 1515:1537 nervous system function 1515:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 1 27 theme gated 162:166 arg1 channels 172:179 gated ion channels 162:179 gated ion channels 162:179 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 28 with endowed 82:88 arg1 proteins 115:122 large transmembrane proteins 95:122 large transmembrane proteins 95:122 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 28 with endowed 82:88 arg1 transporters 219:230 transporters 219:230 transporters 219:230 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 28 with endowed 82:88 arg1 pumps 209:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 28 with endowed 82:88 arg1 channels 172:179 gated ion channels 162:179 gated ion channels 162:179 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 6 29 theme direct 884:889 arg1 association 891:901 direct association 884:901 direct association with ion transport proteins 884:929 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 7 30 theme ganglioside 1109:1119 arg1 regulation 1121:1130 ganglioside regulation 1109:1130 ganglioside regulation 1109:1130 Examples of both pumps and ion channels have been revealed which depend on ganglioside regulation. 25151386 6 31 with association 953:963 arg1 proteins 970:977 proteins 970:977 proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling 970:1031 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 1 32 theme ion 168:170 arg1 channels 172:179 gated ion channels 162:179 gated ion channels 162:179 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 8 33 theme ion 1223:1225 arg1 transport 1227:1235 ganglioside-regulated ion transport 1201:1235 ganglioside-regulated ion transport 1201:1235 While some of these processes are localized in the plasma membrane, ganglioside-regulated ion transport can also occur at various loci within the cell including the nucleus. 25151386 9 34 theme functional 1390:1399 arg1 effects 1401:1407 the functional effects 1386:1407 the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function 1386:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 5 35 theme functional 725:734 arg1 properties 736:745 the biophysical and functional properties 705:745 the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels 705:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 10 36 theme transport 1643:1651 arg1 regulation 1625:1634 glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation 1593:1634 glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport 1593:1651 It will also summarize highlights of the research on glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport. 25151386 3 37 theme molecular 436:444 arg1 weight 446:451 their molecular weight 430:451 their molecular weight 430:451 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 38 theme ion 371:373 arg1 channels 375:382 ion channels 371:382 ion channels 371:382 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 39 link N-linked 351:358 arg1 large 388:392 large 388:392 large 388:392 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 39 link N-linked 351:358 arg1 glycans 360:366 The N-linked glycans 347:366 The N-linked glycans of ion channels 347:382 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 40 theme weight 446:451 arg1 % 425:425 5 and 50 % 416:425 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight 416:451 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 40 theme weight 446:451 arg1 weight 446:451 their molecular weight 430:451 their molecular weight 430:451 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 10 41 theme glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated 1593:1623 arg1 regulation 1625:1634 glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation 1593:1634 glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport 1593:1651 It will also summarize highlights of the research on glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport. 25151386 4 42 theme voltage-dependent 540:556 arg1 gating 558:563 voltage-dependent gating 540:563 voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 540:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 5 43 theme biophysical 709:719 arg1 properties 736:745 the biophysical and functional properties 705:745 the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels 705:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 10 44 theme ion 1639:1641 arg1 transport 1643:1651 ion transport 1639:1651 ion transport 1639:1651 It will also summarize highlights of the research on glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport. 25151386 9 45 gly glycosylation 1412:1424 arg1 ion 1429:1431 ion channel availability 1429:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 45 gly glycosylation 1412:1424 arg1 system 1523:1528 nervous system 1515:1528 nervous system function 1515:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 45 gly glycosylation 1412:1424 arg1 channel 1433:1439 ion channel availability 1429:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 0 46 theme ion 16:18 arg1 Glycobiology 0:11 Glycobiology 0:11 Glycobiology of ion 0:18 Glycobiology of ion transport in the nervous system. 25151386 4 47 theme sialic 504:509 arg1 residues 516:523 negatively charged sialic acid residues 485:523 negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 485:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 10 48 from research 1581:1588 arg1 regulation 1625:1634 glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation 1593:1634 glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport 1593:1651 It will also summarize highlights of the research on glycolipid/ganglioside-mediated regulation of ion transport. 25151386 7 49 theme pumps 1051:1055 arg1 Examples 1034:1041 Examples 1034:1041 Examples of both pumps and ion channels 1034:1072 Examples of both pumps and ion channels have been revealed which depend on ganglioside regulation. 25151386 1 50 theme energy-consuming 192:207 arg1 pumps 209:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 4 51 theme charged 496:502 arg1 residues 516:523 negatively charged sialic acid residues 485:523 negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 485:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 5 52 theme developmental 658:670 arg1 variability 690:700 developmental and cell-specific variability 658:700 developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels 658:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 6 53 theme transport 858:866 arg1 forms 845:849 some forms 840:849 some forms of ion transport 840:866 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 7 54 theme ion 1061:1063 arg1 channels 1065:1072 ion channels 1061:1072 ion channels 1061:1072 Examples of both pumps and ion channels have been revealed which depend on ganglioside regulation. 25151386 4 55 contain contain 459:465 arg2 density 474:480 a high density 467:480 a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 467:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 4 55 contain contain 459:465 arg1 Many 454:457 Many 454:457 Many 454:457 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 0 56 theme nervous 37:43 arg1 system 45:50 the nervous system 33:50 the nervous system 33:50 Glycobiology of ion transport in the nervous system. 25151386 4 57 theme residues 516:523 arg1 density 474:480 a high density 467:480 a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 467:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 9 58 theme glycosylation 1412:1424 arg1 effects 1472:1478 effects 1472:1478 effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function 1472:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 58 theme glycosylation 1412:1424 arg1 effects 1401:1407 the functional effects 1386:1407 the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function 1386:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 6 59 theme ion 854:856 arg1 transport 858:866 ion transport 854:866 ion transport 854:866 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 9 60 from focus 1377:1381 arg1 effects 1472:1478 effects 1472:1478 effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function 1472:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 60 from focus 1377:1381 arg1 effects 1401:1407 the functional effects 1386:1407 the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function 1386:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 61 from alterations 1483:1493 arg1 glycosylation 1498:1510 glycosylation 1498:1510 glycosylation 1498:1510 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 1 62 theme transmembrane 101:113 arg1 proteins 115:122 large transmembrane proteins 95:122 large transmembrane proteins 95:122 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 62 theme transmembrane 101:113 arg1 transporters 219:230 transporters 219:230 transporters 219:230 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 62 theme transmembrane 101:113 arg1 pumps 209:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 energy-consuming pumps 192:213 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 1 62 theme transmembrane 101:113 arg1 channels 172:179 gated ion channels 162:179 gated ion channels 162:179 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 4 63 theme acid 511:514 arg1 residues 516:523 negatively charged sialic acid residues 485:523 negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels 485:579 Many contain a high density of negatively charged sialic acid residues which modulate voltage-dependent gating of ion channels. 25151386 5 64 theme cell-specific 676:688 arg1 variability 690:700 developmental and cell-specific variability 658:700 developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels 658:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 2 65 theme N-linked 260:267 arg1 glycosylation 269:281 N-linked glycosylation 260:281 N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function 260:344 Transport proteins undergo N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function. 25151386 5 66 dep size 597:600 arg1 the 593:595 the 593:595 the 593:595 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 7 67 theme channels 1065:1072 arg1 Examples 1034:1041 Examples 1034:1041 Examples of both pumps and ion channels 1034:1072 Examples of both pumps and ion channels have been revealed which depend on ganglioside regulation. 25151386 9 68 from glycosylation 1498:1510 arg1 effects 1472:1478 effects 1472:1478 effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function 1472:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 68 from glycosylation 1498:1510 arg1 effects 1401:1407 the functional effects 1386:1407 the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function 1386:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 69 from effects 1472:1478 arg1 function 1530:1537 nervous system function 1515:1537 nervous system function 1515:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 69 from effects 1472:1478 arg1 availability 1441:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 69 from effects 1472:1478 arg1 glycosylation 1498:1510 glycosylation 1498:1510 glycosylation 1498:1510 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 69 from effects 1472:1478 arg1 function 1458:1465 function 1458:1465 function 1458:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 1 70 theme ion 137:139 arg1 transport 141:149 ion transport 137:149 ion transport 137:149 The nervous system is richly endowed with large transmembrane proteins that mediate ion transport, including gated ion channels as well as energy-consuming pumps and transporters. 25151386 5 71 from variability 690:700 arg1 properties 736:745 the biophysical and functional properties 705:745 the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels 705:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 5 72 theme ion 755:757 arg1 channels 759:766 many ion channels 750:766 many ion channels 750:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 9 73 theme alterations 1483:1493 arg1 effects 1472:1478 effects 1472:1478 effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function 1472:1537 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 9 73 theme alterations 1483:1493 arg1 effects 1401:1407 the functional effects 1386:1407 the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function 1386:1465 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 25151386 6 74 with association 891:901 arg1 proteins 922:929 ion transport proteins 908:929 ion transport proteins 908:929 Glycolipids, principally gangliosides, exert considerable influence on some forms of ion transport, either through direct association with ion transport proteins or indirectly through association with proteins that activate transport through appropriate signaling. 25151386 5 75 theme channels 759:766 arg1 properties 736:745 the biophysical and functional properties 705:745 the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels 705:766 Changes in the size and chemical composition of glycans are responsible for developmental and cell-specific variability in the biophysical and functional properties of many ion channels. 25151386 2 76 theme Transport 233:241 arg1 proteins 243:250 Transport proteins 233:250 Transport proteins 233:250 Transport proteins undergo N-linked glycosylation which can affect expression, location, stability, and function. 25151386 3 77 theme channels 375:382 arg1 large 388:392 large 388:392 large 388:392 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 3 77 theme channels 375:382 arg1 glycans 360:366 The N-linked glycans 347:366 The N-linked glycans of ion channels 347:382 The N-linked glycans of ion channels are large, contributing between 5 and 50 % of their molecular weight. 25151386 9 78 theme ion 1429:1431 arg1 availability 1441:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 ion channel availability 1429:1452 This chapter will describe ion channel and ion pump structures with a focus on the functional effects of glycosylation on ion channel availability and function, and effects of alterations in glycosylation on nervous system function. 28363544 5 0 theme MS 702:703 arg1 results 713:719 The MS and NMR results 698:719 results 713:719 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 7 1 theme carbohydrates 1021:1033 arg1 determination 989:1001 The structural determination 974:1001 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates 974:1033 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates may contribute to future studies on the relationship between structure and bioactivities. 28363544 4 2 theme hydrolysis 632:641 arg1 method 643:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method 619:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method 619:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method was used to obtain three carbohydrate products. 28363544 1 3 theme structural 270:279 arg1 characteristics 281:295 the structural characteristics 266:295 the structural characteristics of PE 266:301 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 7 4 theme sulfated 1012:1019 arg1 carbohydrates 1021:1033 these sulfated carbohydrates 1006:1033 these sulfated carbohydrates 1006:1033 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates may contribute to future studies on the relationship between structure and bioactivities. 28363544 4 5 used used 654:657 arg2 method 643:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method 619:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method 619:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method was used to obtain three carbohydrate products. 28363544 1 6 theme biological 175:184 arg1 activities 186:195 biological activities 175:195 biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 175:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 1 6 theme biological 175:184 arg1 activities 250:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 7 7 from studies 1060:1066 arg1 relationship 1075:1086 the relationship 1071:1086 the relationship between structure and bioactivities 1071:1122 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates may contribute to future studies on the relationship between structure and bioactivities. 28363544 5 8 theme p 860:860 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 5 9 theme -3-sulfate-l-Rha 843:858 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 6 10 from rich 915:918 arg1 rhamnose 932:939 sulfated rhamnose 923:939 sulfated rhamnose 923:939 In this study, specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose were prepared from E. prolifera. 28363544 7 11 theme future 1053:1058 arg1 studies 1060:1066 future studies 1053:1066 future studies on the relationship between structure and bioactivities 1053:1122 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates may contribute to future studies on the relationship between structure and bioactivities. 28363544 5 12 theme p-β- 818:821 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 1 13 theme PE 300:301 arg1 characteristics 281:295 the structural characteristics 266:295 the structural characteristics of PE 266:301 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 4 14 theme enzymatic 622:630 arg1 method 643:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method 619:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method 619:648 An enzymatic hydrolysis method was used to obtain three carbohydrate products. 28363544 1 15 contain have 170:173 arg2 activities 186:195 biological activities 175:195 biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 175:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 1 15 contain have 170:173 arg1 Polysaccharide 101:114 Polysaccharide 101:114 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) 101:147 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 1 15 contain have 170:173 arg2 activities 250:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 5 16 theme D-GlcUAp-α- 785:795 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 5 17 theme NMR 709:711 arg1 results 713:719 The MS and NMR results 698:719 results 713:719 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 6 18 from rhamnose 932:939 arg1 rich 915:918 rich 915:918 rich 915:918 In this study, specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose were prepared from E. prolifera. 28363544 3 19 theme sulfated 447:454 arg1 PE 424:425 PE 424:425 PE 424:425 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 3 19 theme sulfated 447:454 arg1 polysaccharide 456:469 a sulfated polysaccharide 445:469 a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) 445:537 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 5 20 theme residues 730:737 arg1 results 713:719 The MS and NMR results 698:719 results 713:719 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 2 21 theme IR 398:399 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 IR spectroscopy 398:412 IR spectroscopy 398:412 In this study, the composition of PE was characterized using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy and HPLC. 28363544 2 21 theme IR 398:399 arg1 methods 389:395 chemical methods 380:395 chemical methods 380:395 In this study, the composition of PE was characterized using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy and HPLC. 28363544 0 22 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 characteristics 29:43 Compositional and structural characteristics 0:43 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 0:99 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 7 23 theme structural 978:987 arg1 determination 989:1001 The structural determination 974:1001 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates 974:1033 The structural determination of these sulfated carbohydrates may contribute to future studies on the relationship between structure and bioactivities. 28363544 1 24 theme Enteromorpha 121:132 arg1 PE 145:146 PE 145:146 PE 145:146 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 1 24 theme Enteromorpha 121:132 arg1 prolifera 134:142 Enteromorpha prolifera 121:142 Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) 121:147 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 6 25 theme specific 884:891 arg1 residues 906:913 specific carbohydrate residues 884:913 specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose 884:939 In this study, specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose were prepared from E. prolifera. 28363544 1 26 theme anticancer 205:214 arg1 activities 250:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 5 27 theme p-β- 834:837 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 0 28 theme structural 18:27 arg1 characteristics 29:43 Compositional and structural characteristics 0:43 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 0:99 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 5 29 theme 1→4 839:841 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 4 30 theme carbohydrate 675:686 arg1 products 688:695 three carbohydrate products 669:695 three carbohydrate products 669:695 An enzymatic hydrolysis method was used to obtain three carbohydrate products. 28363544 1 31 theme antioxidant 217:227 arg1 activities 250:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 0 32 theme sulfated 48:55 arg1 polysaccharide 57:70 sulfated polysaccharide 48:70 sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera 48:98 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 3 33 theme average 580:586 arg1 weight 598:603 the average molecular weight 576:603 the average molecular weight 576:603 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 3 33 theme average 580:586 arg1 620.3kDa 609:616 620.3kDa 609:616 620.3kDa 609:616 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 5 34 theme 1→4 797:799 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 5 35 theme PE 769:770 arg1 backbone 757:764 the backbone 753:764 the backbone of PE 753:770 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 0 36 from prolifera 90:98 arg1 characteristics 29:43 Compositional and structural characteristics 0:43 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 0:99 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 0 36 from prolifera 90:98 arg1 polysaccharide 57:70 sulfated polysaccharide 48:70 sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera 48:98 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 3 37 theme 3.2 559:561 arg1 ratio 550:554 a molar ratio 542:554 a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1 542:569 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 1 38 theme immunomodulatory 233:248 arg1 activities 250:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 205:259 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 3 39 theme molar 544:548 arg1 ratio 550:554 a molar ratio 542:554 a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1 542:569 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 5 40 theme 1→4 823:825 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 0 41 theme polysaccharide 57:70 arg1 characteristics 29:43 Compositional and structural characteristics 0:43 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 0:99 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 2 42 theme PE 353:354 arg1 composition 338:348 the composition 334:348 the composition of PE 334:354 In this study, the composition of PE was characterized using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy and HPLC. 28363544 1 43 from prolifera 134:142 arg1 Polysaccharide 101:114 Polysaccharide 101:114 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) 101:147 Polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (PE) has been reported to have biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, but the structural characteristics of PE remain unclear. 28363544 5 44 theme -d-Xyl 827:832 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 3 45 theme molecular 588:596 arg1 weight 598:603 the average molecular weight 576:603 the average molecular weight 576:603 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 3 45 theme molecular 588:596 arg1 620.3kDa 609:616 620.3kDa 609:616 620.3kDa 609:616 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 5 46 theme -3-sulfate-l-Rha 801:816 arg1 units 862:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units 785:866 The MS and NMR results of these residues revealed that the backbone of PE consisted of D-GlcUAp-α-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p-β-(1→4)-d-Xyl p-β-(1→4)-3-sulfate-l-Rha p units. 28363544 6 47 theme rich 915:918 arg1 residues 906:913 specific carbohydrate residues 884:913 specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose 884:939 In this study, specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose were prepared from E. prolifera. 28363544 6 48 theme sulfated 923:930 arg1 rhamnose 932:939 sulfated rhamnose 923:939 sulfated rhamnose 923:939 In this study, specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose were prepared from E. prolifera. 28363544 3 49 dep ratio 550:554 arg1 1.1 564:566 1.1 564:566 1.1 564:566 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 3 49 dep ratio 550:554 arg1 1 569:569 1 569:569 1 569:569 PE was identified as a sulfated polysaccharide mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic (GlcUA), xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 3.2: 1.1: 1, and the average molecular weight was 620.3kDa. 28363544 0 50 from characteristics 29:43 arg1 prolifera 90:98 prolifera 90:98 prolifera 90:98 Compositional and structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera. 28363544 2 51 theme chemical 380:387 arg1 spectroscopy 401:412 IR spectroscopy 398:412 IR spectroscopy 398:412 In this study, the composition of PE was characterized using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy and HPLC. 28363544 2 51 theme chemical 380:387 arg1 HPLC 418:421 HPLC 418:421 HPLC 418:421 In this study, the composition of PE was characterized using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy and HPLC. 28363544 2 51 theme chemical 380:387 arg1 methods 389:395 chemical methods 380:395 chemical methods 380:395 In this study, the composition of PE was characterized using chemical methods, IR spectroscopy and HPLC. 28363544 6 52 theme carbohydrate 893:904 arg1 residues 906:913 specific carbohydrate residues 884:913 specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose 884:939 In this study, specific carbohydrate residues rich in sulfated rhamnose were prepared from E. prolifera. 24328092 0 0 theme microarray 102:111 arg1 imaging 113:119 lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging 75:119 lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging 75:119 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 5 1 gly glycosylation 976:988 arg1 fibrinogens 1015:1025 the porcine and human fibrinogens 993:1025 fibrinogens 1015:1025 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 1 2 theme plasmon 173:179 arg1 properties 198:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties 160:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format 160:258 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 24328092 2 3 theme KD 482:483 arg1 nM 489:490 KD ∼10 nM 482:490 KD ∼10 nM 482:490 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 2 4 from constants 456:464 arg1 order 473:477 the order 469:477 the order of KD ∼10 nM 469:490 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 1 5 theme light-scattering 181:196 arg1 properties 198:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties 160:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format 160:258 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 24328092 4 6 theme human 752:756 arg1 glycoproteins 769:781 the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins 736:781 glycoproteins 769:781 Subsequently, a nine-lectin screen was performed on the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins. 24328092 2 7 theme detailed 314:321 arg1 analysis 323:330 a detailed analysis 312:330 a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 312:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 5 8 theme glycans 931:937 arg1 structure 914:922 the structure 910:922 the structure of the glycans 910:937 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 5 9 theme observed 788:795 arg1 spectra 797:803 The observed spectra 784:803 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates 784:844 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 2 10 theme lectin-monosaccharide 500:520 arg1 interaction 522:532 the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 496:532 the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 496:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 2 11 theme agglutinin 387:396 arg1 binding 339:345 the binding 335:345 the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 335:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 6 12 contain has 1049:1051 arg1 technology 1038:1047 The array technology 1028:1047 The array technology 1028:1047 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 6 12 contain has 1049:1051 arg2 potential 1057:1065 the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity 1053:1202 the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity 1053:1202 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 0 13 theme Glycosylation 0:12 arg1 characterization 14:29 Glycosylation characterization 0:29 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 0:120 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 0 14 theme biophotonic 90:100 arg1 imaging 113:119 lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging 75:119 lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging 75:119 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 4 15 gly glycoproteins 769:781 arg1 glycoproteins 769:781 the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins 736:781 glycoproteins 769:781 Subsequently, a nine-lectin screen was performed on the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins. 24328092 2 16 theme binding 339:345 arg1 analysis 323:330 a detailed analysis 312:330 a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 312:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 1 17 theme gold 212:215 arg1 nanoparticles 217:229 gold nanoparticles 212:229 gold nanoparticles printed into an array format 212:258 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 24328092 2 18 theme affinity 447:454 arg1 constants 456:464 affinity constants 447:464 affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 447:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 4 19 theme nine-lectin 700:710 arg1 screen 712:717 a nine-lectin screen 698:717 a nine-lectin screen 698:717 Subsequently, a nine-lectin screen was performed on the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins. 24328092 2 20 theme germ 382:385 arg1 WGA 399:401 WGA 399:401 WGA 399:401 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 2 20 theme germ 382:385 arg1 agglutinin 387:396 wheat germ agglutinin 376:396 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) 376:402 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 0 21 theme human 34:38 arg1 proteins 63:70 human and porcine fibrinogen proteins 34:70 human and porcine fibrinogen proteins 34:70 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 5 22 theme porcine 997:1003 arg1 fibrinogens 1015:1025 the porcine and human fibrinogens 993:1025 fibrinogens 1015:1025 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 1 23 theme Lectin 122:127 arg1 binding 129:135 Lectin binding 122:135 Lectin binding 122:135 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 24328092 5 24 theme human 1009:1013 arg1 fibrinogens 1015:1025 the porcine and human fibrinogens 993:1025 fibrinogens 1015:1025 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 2 25 theme target 413:418 arg1 monosaccharides 420:434 their target monosaccharides 407:434 their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 407:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 6 26 theme protein 1153:1159 arg1 glycosylation 1161:1173 protein glycosylation 1153:1173 protein glycosylation 1153:1173 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 6 27 from information 1138:1148 arg1 glycosylation 1161:1173 protein glycosylation 1153:1173 protein glycosylation 1153:1173 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 6 27 from information 1138:1148 arg1 microheterogeneity 1185:1202 their microheterogeneity 1179:1202 their microheterogeneity 1179:1202 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 6 28 theme multilectin 1080:1090 arg1 screen 1092:1097 a multilectin screen 1078:1097 a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins 1078:1126 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 5 29 theme specific 823:830 arg1 rates 840:844 lectin-protein specific binding rates 808:844 lectin-protein specific binding rates 808:844 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 0 30 theme porcine 44:50 arg1 proteins 63:70 human and porcine fibrinogen proteins 34:70 human and porcine fibrinogen proteins 34:70 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 6 31 theme proteins 1119:1126 arg1 numbers 1108:1114 large numbers 1102:1114 large numbers of proteins 1102:1126 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 3 32 theme injection 590:598 arg1 time 600:603 a 200 s injection time 582:603 a 200 s injection time 582:603 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 1 33 theme nanoparticles 217:229 arg1 properties 198:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties 160:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format 160:258 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 24328092 5 34 theme binding 832:838 arg1 rates 840:844 lectin-protein specific binding rates 808:844 lectin-protein specific binding rates 808:844 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 5 35 theme characteristic 856:869 arg1 patterns 871:878 characteristic patterns 856:878 characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens 856:1025 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 5 36 theme fibrinogens 1015:1025 arg1 glycosylation 976:988 glycosylation 976:988 glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens 976:1025 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 1 37 theme array 247:251 arg1 format 253:258 an array format 244:258 an array format 244:258 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 24328092 0 38 theme proteins 63:70 arg1 characterization 14:29 Glycosylation characterization 0:29 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 0:120 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 6 39 theme array 1032:1036 arg1 technology 1038:1047 The array technology 1028:1047 The array technology 1028:1047 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 3 40 theme 200 584:586 arg1 s 588:588 s 588:588 s 588:588 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 6 41 theme large 1102:1106 arg1 numbers 1108:1114 large numbers 1102:1114 large numbers of proteins 1102:1126 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 0 42 theme fibrinogen 52:61 arg1 proteins 63:70 human and porcine fibrinogen proteins 34:70 human and porcine fibrinogen proteins 34:70 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 3 43 theme s 588:588 arg1 time 600:603 a 200 s injection time 582:603 a 200 s injection time 582:603 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 2 44 theme A 363:363 arg1 binding 339:345 the binding 335:345 the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction 335:532 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 4 45 theme fibrinogen 758:767 arg1 glycoproteins 769:781 the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins 736:781 glycoproteins 769:781 Subsequently, a nine-lectin screen was performed on the porcine and human fibrinogen glycoproteins. 24328092 2 46 theme concanavalin 350:361 arg1 A 363:363 concanavalin A 350:363 concanavalin A (ConA) 350:370 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 2 46 theme concanavalin 350:361 arg1 ConA 366:369 ConA 366:369 ConA 366:369 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 3 47 theme detection 539:547 arg1 limits 549:554 The detection limits 535:554 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time 535:603 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 3 47 theme detection 539:547 arg1 ng/mL 627:631 10 ng/mL 624:631 10 ng/mL 624:631 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 3 47 theme detection 539:547 arg1 nM 641:642 0.23 nM 636:642 0.23 nM 636:642 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 3 47 theme detection 539:547 arg1 ng/mL 652:656 100 ng/mL 648:656 100 ng/mL 648:656 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 3 47 theme detection 539:547 arg1 nM 666:667 0.93 nM 661:667 0.93 nM 661:667 The detection limits for the lectins following a 200 s injection time were determined as 10 ng/mL or 0.23 nM and 100 ng/mL or 0.93 nM, respectively. 24328092 2 48 theme assay 288:292 arg1 Performance 261:271 Performance 261:271 Performance of the kinetic assay 261:292 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 6 49 theme numbers 1108:1114 arg1 screen 1092:1097 a multilectin screen 1078:1097 a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins 1078:1126 The array technology has the potential to perform a multilectin screen of large numbers of proteins providing information on protein glycosylation and their microheterogeneity. 24328092 0 50 theme lectin-binding 75:88 arg1 imaging 113:119 lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging 75:119 lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging 75:119 Glycosylation characterization of human and porcine fibrinogen proteins by lectin-binding biophotonic microarray imaging. 24328092 5 51 theme rates 840:844 arg1 spectra 797:803 The observed spectra 784:803 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates 784:844 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 2 52 theme kinetic 280:286 arg1 assay 288:292 the kinetic assay 276:292 the kinetic assay 276:292 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 5 53 theme lectin-protein 808:821 arg1 rates 840:844 lectin-protein specific binding rates 808:844 lectin-protein specific binding rates 808:844 The observed spectra of lectin-protein specific binding rates result in characteristic patterns that evidently correlate with the structure of the glycans and allow one to distinguish between glycosylation of the porcine and human fibrinogens. 24328092 2 54 theme wheat 376:380 arg1 WGA 399:401 WGA 399:401 WGA 399:401 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 2 54 theme wheat 376:380 arg1 agglutinin 387:396 wheat germ agglutinin 376:396 wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) 376:402 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 2 55 theme nM 489:490 arg1 order 473:477 the order 469:477 the order of KD ∼10 nM 469:490 Performance of the kinetic assay is evaluated from a detailed analysis of the binding of concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to their target monosaccharides indicating affinity constants in the order of KD ∼10 nM for the lectin-monosaccharide interaction. 24328092 1 56 theme particle 164:171 arg1 properties 198:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties 160:207 the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format 160:258 Lectin binding has been studied using the particle plasmon light-scattering properties of gold nanoparticles printed into an array format. 25942604 0 0 theme Polymerization 79:92 arg1 Mechanism 56:64 the Molecular Mechanism 42:64 the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA 42:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 3 1 theme nonreducing 685:695 arg1 end 697:699 the nonreducing end 681:699 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 2 from O4 701:702 arg1 O4 576:577 the nonreducing end O4 556:577 the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1 556:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 2 from O4 701:702 arg1 proton 669:674 proton 669:674 proton from the nonreducing end O4 669:702 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 2 from O4 701:702 arg1 transfer 657:664 the transfer 653:664 the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 653:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 2 from O4 701:702 arg1 breaking 610:617 the breaking 606:617 the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1 606:646 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 1 3 theme synthase 160:167 arg1 mechanism 127:135 The catalytic mechanism 113:135 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase 113:167 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 6 4 theme added 1106:1110 arg1 unit 1112:1115 the initially added unit 1092:1115 the initially added unit 1092:1115 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 0 5 theme Cellulose 69:77 arg1 Polymerization 79:92 Cellulose Polymerization 69:92 Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA 69:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 3 6 theme proton 669:674 arg1 O4 576:577 the nonreducing end O4 556:577 the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1 556:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 6 theme proton 669:674 arg1 transfer 657:664 the transfer 653:664 the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 653:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 6 theme proton 669:674 arg1 breaking 610:617 the breaking 606:617 the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1 606:646 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 0 7 from Mechanism 56:64 arg1 CESA 107:110 Bacterial CESA 97:110 Bacterial CESA 97:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 3 8 theme C1-O1 642:646 arg1 O4 576:577 the nonreducing end O4 556:577 the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1 556:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 8 theme C1-O1 642:646 arg1 transfer 657:664 the transfer 653:664 the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 653:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 8 theme C1-O1 642:646 arg1 breaking 610:617 the breaking 606:617 the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1 606:646 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 0 9 theme Bacterial 97:105 arg1 CESA 107:110 Bacterial CESA 97:110 Bacterial CESA 97:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 4 10 theme activation 734:743 arg1 barrier 745:751 The activation barrier 730:751 The activation barrier found for this SN2-type transition state 730:792 The activation barrier found for this SN2-type transition state is 68 kJ/mol. 25942604 4 10 theme activation 734:743 arg1 kJ/mol 800:805 68 kJ/mol 797:805 68 kJ/mol 797:805 The activation barrier found for this SN2-type transition state is 68 kJ/mol. 25942604 5 11 theme transition 878:887 arg1 theory 895:900 transition state theory 878:900 transition state theory 878:900 The rate constant of polymerization is estimated to be ∼8.0 s(-1) via transition state theory. 25942604 3 12 theme nonreducing 560:570 arg1 O4 576:577 the nonreducing end O4 556:577 the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1 556:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 2 13 theme cellulose 346:354 arg1 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 13 theme cellulose 346:354 arg1 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 13 theme cellulose 346:354 arg1 subunits 365:372 the cellulose synthase subunits 342:372 the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 342:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 3 14 theme SN2-type 482:489 arg1 structure 502:510 an SN2-type transition structure 479:510 an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 479:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 5 15 theme rate 812:815 arg1 s 868:868 ∼8.0 s 863:868 ∼8.0 s(-1) 863:872 The rate constant of polymerization is estimated to be ∼8.0 s(-1) via transition state theory. 25942604 5 15 theme rate 812:815 arg1 constant 817:824 The rate constant 808:824 The rate constant of polymerization 808:842 The rate constant of polymerization is estimated to be ∼8.0 s(-1) via transition state theory. 25942604 7 16 theme glucose 1194:1200 arg1 molecule 1202:1209 one glucose molecule 1190:1209 one glucose molecule 1190:1209 This study provides detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units. 25942604 5 17 theme state 889:893 arg1 theory 895:900 transition state theory 878:900 transition state theory 878:900 The rate constant of polymerization is estimated to be ∼8.0 s(-1) via transition state theory. 25942604 2 18 theme diphosphate 409:419 arg1 molecule 421:428 a uridine diphosphate molecule 399:428 a uridine diphosphate molecule 399:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 19 theme complex 278:284 arg1 model 286:290 The Michaelis complex model 264:290 The Michaelis complex model 264:290 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 3 20 from breaking 610:617 arg1 C1 602:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 20 from breaking 610:617 arg1 O4 701:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 7 21 theme detailed 1138:1145 arg1 insights 1147:1154 detailed insights 1138:1154 detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units 1138:1294 This study provides detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units. 25942604 3 22 theme end 697:699 arg1 O4 701:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 7 23 theme glucose 1244:1250 arg1 units 1252:1256 the individual glucose units 1229:1256 the individual glucose units 1229:1256 This study provides detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units. 25942604 2 24 theme Michaelis 268:276 arg1 model 286:290 The Michaelis complex model 264:290 The Michaelis complex model 264:290 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 5 25 theme polymerization 829:842 arg1 s 868:868 ∼8.0 s 863:868 ∼8.0 s(-1) 863:872 The rate constant of polymerization is estimated to be ∼8.0 s(-1) via transition state theory. 25942604 5 25 theme polymerization 829:842 arg1 constant 817:824 The rate constant 808:824 The rate constant of polymerization 808:842 The rate constant of polymerization is estimated to be ∼8.0 s(-1) via transition state theory. 25942604 0 26 theme Cellulose 4:12 arg1 Study 33:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 3 27 theme nucleophilic 533:544 arg1 attack 546:551 the nucleophilic attack 529:551 the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 529:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 28 from transfer 657:664 arg1 C1 602:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 28 from transfer 657:664 arg1 O4 701:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 6 29 theme polysaccharide 1014:1027 arg1 chain 1029:1033 the growing polysaccharide chain 1002:1033 the growing polysaccharide chain 1002:1033 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 2 30 theme translocating 436:448 arg1 glucan 450:455 a translocating glucan 434:455 a translocating glucan 434:455 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 6 31 theme transition 922:931 arg1 structure 933:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure 903:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure 903:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 3 32 theme transfer 657:664 arg1 attack 546:551 the nucleophilic attack 529:551 the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 529:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 6 33 theme growing 1006:1012 arg1 chain 1029:1033 the growing polysaccharide chain 1002:1033 the growing polysaccharide chain 1002:1033 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 0 34 theme QM/MM 27:31 arg1 Study 33:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 6 35 theme SN2-type 913:920 arg1 structure 933:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure 903:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure 903:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 6 36 theme similar 905:911 arg1 structure 933:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure 903:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure 903:941 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 3 37 theme end 572:574 arg1 O4 576:577 the nonreducing end O4 556:577 the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1 556:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 1 38 theme hybrid 197:202 arg1 mechanics 212:220 hybrid quantum mechanics 197:220 hybrid quantum mechanics 197:220 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 0 39 theme Elongates--A 14:25 arg1 Study 33:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 3 40 theme general 711:717 arg1 D343 724:727 the general base D343 707:727 the general base D343 707:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 2 41 theme subunits 365:372 arg1 structure 329:337 the X-ray crystal structure 311:337 the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 311:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 41 theme subunits 365:372 arg1 glucan 450:455 a translocating glucan 434:455 a translocating glucan 434:455 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 0 42 from Polymerization 79:92 arg1 CESA 107:110 Bacterial CESA 97:110 Bacterial CESA 97:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 3 43 theme O4 576:577 arg1 attack 546:551 the nucleophilic attack 529:551 the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 529:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 44 from C1 602:603 arg1 attack 546:551 the nucleophilic attack 529:551 the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 529:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 1 45 theme quantum 204:210 arg1 mechanics 212:220 hybrid quantum mechanics 197:220 hybrid quantum mechanics 197:220 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 3 46 theme base 719:722 arg1 D343 724:727 the general base D343 707:727 the general base D343 707:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 2 47 theme uridine 401:407 arg1 molecule 421:428 a uridine diphosphate molecule 399:428 a uridine diphosphate molecule 399:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 4 48 theme SN2-type 768:775 arg1 state 788:792 this SN2-type transition state 763:792 this SN2-type transition state 763:792 The activation barrier found for this SN2-type transition state is 68 kJ/mol. 25942604 1 49 theme mechanics 212:220 arg1 approach 254:261 a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach 195:261 a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach 195:261 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 6 50 theme glucose 976:982 arg1 molecule 984:991 a second glucose molecule 967:991 a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit 967:1115 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 3 51 theme glycosidic 626:635 arg1 C1-O1 642:646 the glycosidic bond C1-O1 622:646 the glycosidic bond C1-O1 622:646 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 0 52 theme Molecular 46:54 arg1 Mechanism 56:64 the Molecular Mechanism 42:64 the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA 42:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 7 53 theme repeating 1280:1288 arg1 units 1290:1294 cellobiose repeating units 1269:1294 cellobiose repeating units 1269:1294 This study provides detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units. 25942604 2 54 contain containing 388:397 arg2 molecule 421:428 a uridine diphosphate molecule 399:428 a uridine diphosphate molecule 399:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 54 contain containing 388:397 arg1 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 54 contain containing 388:397 arg1 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 54 contain containing 388:397 arg1 subunits 365:372 the cellulose synthase subunits 342:372 the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 342:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 3 55 theme anomeric 586:593 arg1 carbon 595:600 the anomeric carbon 582:600 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 56 theme transition 491:500 arg1 structure 502:510 an SN2-type transition structure 479:510 an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 479:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 2 57 theme synthase 356:363 arg1 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 57 theme synthase 356:363 arg1 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 57 theme synthase 356:363 arg1 subunits 365:372 the cellulose synthase subunits 342:372 the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 342:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 3 58 theme bond 637:640 arg1 C1-O1 642:646 the glycosidic bond C1-O1 622:646 the glycosidic bond C1-O1 622:646 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 59 theme carbon 595:600 arg1 C1 602:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 1 60 theme catalytic 117:125 arg1 mechanism 127:135 The catalytic mechanism 113:135 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase 113:167 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 3 61 theme breaking 610:617 arg1 attack 546:551 the nucleophilic attack 529:551 the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343 529:727 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 0 62 from CESA 107:110 arg1 Mechanism 56:64 the Molecular Mechanism 42:64 the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA 42:110 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 6 63 theme second 969:974 arg1 molecule 984:991 a second glucose molecule 967:991 a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit 967:1115 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 2 64 theme crystal 321:327 arg1 structure 329:337 the X-ray crystal structure 311:337 the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 311:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 3 65 from O4 576:577 arg1 C1 602:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 3 65 from O4 576:577 arg1 O4 701:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 the nonreducing end O4 681:702 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 25942604 1 66 theme molecular 226:234 arg1 QM/MM 247:251 QM/MM 247:251 QM/MM 247:251 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 1 66 theme molecular 226:234 arg1 mechanics 236:244 molecular mechanics 226:244 molecular mechanics (QM/MM) 226:252 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 6 67 theme polymer 1059:1065 arg1 180° 1067:1070 the polymer 180° 1055:1070 the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit 1055:1115 A similar SN2-type transition structure was also identified for a second glucose molecule added to the growing polysaccharide chain, which aligned with the polymer 180° rotated compared to the initially added unit. 25942604 2 68 theme X-ray 315:319 arg1 structure 329:337 the X-ray crystal structure 311:337 the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 311:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 1 69 theme mechanics 236:244 arg1 approach 254:261 a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach 195:261 a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach 195:261 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 4 70 theme transition 777:786 arg1 state 788:792 this SN2-type transition state 763:792 this SN2-type transition state 763:792 The activation barrier found for this SN2-type transition state is 68 kJ/mol. 25942604 7 71 theme individual 1233:1242 arg1 units 1252:1256 the individual glucose units 1229:1256 the individual glucose units 1229:1256 This study provides detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units. 25942604 1 72 theme bacterial 140:148 arg1 synthase 160:167 bacterial cellulose synthase 140:167 bacterial cellulose synthase 140:167 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 7 73 theme cellobiose 1269:1278 arg1 units 1290:1294 cellobiose repeating units 1269:1294 cellobiose repeating units 1269:1294 This study provides detailed insights into how cellulose is extended by one glucose molecule at a time and how the individual glucose units align into cellobiose repeating units. 25942604 0 74 theme Mechanism 56:64 arg1 Study 33:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study 4:37 How Cellulose Elongates--A QM/MM Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Cellulose Polymerization in Bacterial CESA. 25942604 2 75 dep subunits 365:372 arg1 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 BcsB 383:386 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 75 dep subunits 365:372 arg1 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 BcsA 374:377 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 2 75 dep subunits 365:372 arg1 subunits 365:372 the cellulose synthase subunits 342:372 the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule 342:428 The Michaelis complex model was built based on the X-ray crystal structure of the cellulose synthase subunits BcsA and BcsB containing a uridine diphosphate molecule and a translocating glucan. 25942604 1 76 theme cellulose 150:158 arg1 synthase 160:167 bacterial cellulose synthase 140:167 bacterial cellulose synthase 140:167 The catalytic mechanism of bacterial cellulose synthase was investigated by using a hybrid quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach. 25942604 3 77 from attack 546:551 arg1 C1 602:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 the anomeric carbon C1 582:603 Our study identified an SN2-type transition structure corresponding to the nucleophilic attack of the nonreducing end O4 on the anomeric carbon C1, the breaking of the glycosidic bond C1-O1, and the transfer of proton from the nonreducing end O4 to the general base D343. 28325331 0 0 theme arabinogalactan 86:100 arg1 composition 31:41 composition 31:41 composition of potentially immunomodulatory mannan and arabinogalactan 31:100 Two banana cultivars differ in composition of potentially immunomodulatory mannan and arabinogalactan. 28325331 1 1 theme immunomodulatory 327:342 arg1 activity 344:351 immunomodulatory activity 327:351 immunomodulatory activity 327:351 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 5 2 dep does 814:817 arg1 than 809:812 than 809:812 than 809:812 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 3 3 theme low 513:515 arg1 amounts 517:523 low amounts 513:523 low amounts of mannan 513:533 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 3 3 theme low 513:515 arg1 mannan 528:533 mannan 528:533 mannan 528:533 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 2 4 theme polysaccharides 484:498 arg1 forms 469:473 the forms 465:473 the forms of these polysaccharides 465:498 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 7 5 theme beneficial 1140:1149 arg1 properties 1151:1160 beneficial properties 1140:1160 beneficial properties 1140:1160 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 1 6 dep Banana 103:108 arg1 acuminata 116:124 Musa acuminata 111:124 Musa acuminata 111:124 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 1 6 dep Banana 103:108 arg1 acuminata 133:141 acuminata 133:141 acuminata 133:141 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 7 7 theme disease 1021:1027 arg1 resistance 1029:1038 introgress disease resistance 1010:1038 introgress disease resistance from wild species 1010:1056 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 2 8 from differences 450:460 arg1 forms 469:473 the forms 465:473 the forms of these polysaccharides 465:498 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 7 9 theme fruit 1122:1126 arg1 quality 1128:1134 fruit quality 1122:1134 fruit quality 1122:1134 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 2 10 dep cultivars 358:366 arg1 cultivars 358:366 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap 354:383 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo 354:388 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 2 10 dep cultivars 358:366 arg1 Thap 380:383 Thap 380:383 Thap 380:383 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 2 10 dep cultivars 358:366 arg1 Nanicão 368:374 Nanicão 368:374 Nanicão 368:374 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 7 11 dep structure 937:945 arg1 the 928:930 the 928:930 the 928:930 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 5 12 theme Thap 729:732 arg1 Maeo 734:737 Thap Maeo 729:737 Thap Maeo 729:737 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 13 contain has 739:741 arg1 Maeo 734:737 Thap Maeo 729:737 Thap Maeo 729:737 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 13 contain has 739:741 arg2 glucans 772:778 non-starch glucans 761:778 non-starch glucans associated with wild species 761:807 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 13 contain has 739:741 arg2 amounts 750:756 higher amounts 743:756 higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão 743:825 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 14 dep -β-d-glucans 700:711 arg1 1→3 690:692 1→3 690:692 1→3 690:692 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 4 15 theme high 606:609 arg1 amounts 611:617 high amounts 606:617 high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan 606:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 4 15 theme high 606:609 arg1 arabinogalactan 636:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 1 16 theme fruit 160:164 arg1 walls 171:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls 103:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls 103:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 3 17 contain has 509:511 arg1 Nanicão 501:507 Nanicão 501:507 Nanicão 501:507 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 3 17 contain has 509:511 arg2 mannan 528:533 mannan 528:533 mannan 528:533 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 3 17 contain has 509:511 arg2 amounts 517:523 low amounts 513:523 low amounts of mannan 513:533 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 5 18 theme commelinoid 659:669 arg1 monocots 671:678 These commelinoid monocots 653:678 These commelinoid monocots 653:678 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 7 19 theme fine 932:935 arg1 structure 937:945 fine structure 932:945 fine structure 932:945 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 1 20 theme cell 166:169 arg1 walls 171:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls 103:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls 103:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 0 21 theme banana 4:9 arg1 cultivars 11:19 Two banana cultivars 0:19 Two banana cultivars 0:19 Two banana cultivars differ in composition of potentially immunomodulatory mannan and arabinogalactan. 28325331 5 22 theme non-starch 761:770 arg1 glucans 772:778 non-starch glucans 761:778 non-starch glucans associated with wild species 761:807 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 7 23 theme structural 1089:1098 arg1 features 1100:1107 these special structural features 1075:1107 these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties 1075:1160 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 5 24 theme higher 743:748 arg1 amounts 750:756 higher amounts 743:756 higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão 743:825 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 24 theme higher 743:748 arg1 glucans 772:778 non-starch glucans 761:778 non-starch glucans associated with wild species 761:807 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 1 25 theme Banana 103:108 arg1 walls 171:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls 103:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls 103:175 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 2 26 theme compositional 436:448 arg1 differences 450:460 compositional differences 436:460 compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides 436:498 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 1 27 theme certain 282:288 arg1 forms 290:294 certain forms 282:294 certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity 282:351 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 1 27 theme certain 282:288 arg1 xylogalacturonan 220:235 xylogalacturonan 220:235 xylogalacturonan 220:235 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 3 28 theme water-soluble 562:574 arg1 fraction 576:583 the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction 538:583 the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction 538:583 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 7 29 theme special 1081:1087 arg1 features 1100:1107 these special structural features 1075:1107 these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties 1075:1160 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 1 30 theme Musa 111:114 arg1 acuminata 116:124 Musa acuminata 111:124 Musa acuminata 111:124 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 5 31 theme glucans 772:778 arg1 amounts 750:756 higher amounts 743:756 higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão 743:825 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 31 theme glucans 772:778 arg1 glucans 772:778 non-starch glucans 761:778 non-starch glucans associated with wild species 761:807 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 32 theme grasses 716:722 arg1 -β-d-glucans 700:711 the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans 685:711 -β-d-glucans 700:711 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 33 dep amounts 750:756 arg1 does 814:817 does 814:817 does 814:817 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 1 34 from mannans 189:195 arg1 rich 181:184 rich 181:184 rich 181:184 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 2 35 theme widely 404:409 arg1 variants 411:418 two widely variants 400:418 two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides 400:498 The cultivars Nanicão and Thap Maeo represent two widely variants with respect to compositional differences in the forms of these polysaccharides. 28325331 1 36 from xylogalacturonan 220:235 arg1 rich 181:184 rich 181:184 rich 181:184 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 6 37 theme callose 843:849 arg1 amount 833:838 High amount 828:838 High amount of callose 828:849 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 6 37 theme callose 843:849 arg1 callose 843:849 callose 843:849 callose 843:849 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 5 38 theme 1→4 696:698 arg1 -β-d-glucans 700:711 the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans 685:711 -β-d-glucans 700:711 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 5 39 theme wild 796:799 arg1 species 801:807 wild species 796:807 wild species 796:807 These commelinoid monocots lack the (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucans of grasses, but Thap Maeo has higher amounts of non-starch glucans associated with wild species than does Nanicão. 28325331 4 40 contain have 601:604 arg1 cultivars 591:599 Both cultivars 586:599 Both cultivars 586:599 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 4 40 contain have 601:604 arg2 arabinogalactan 636:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 4 40 contain have 601:604 arg2 amounts 611:617 high amounts 606:617 high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan 606:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 1 41 from rich 181:184 arg1 xylogalacturonan 220:235 xylogalacturonan 220:235 xylogalacturonan 220:235 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 1 41 from rich 181:184 arg1 forms 290:294 certain forms 282:294 certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity 282:351 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 1 41 from rich 181:184 arg1 homogalacturonans 198:214 homogalacturonans 198:214 homogalacturonans 198:214 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 1 41 from rich 181:184 arg1 mannans 189:195 mannans 189:195 mannans 189:195 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 1 42 from homogalacturonans 198:214 arg1 rich 181:184 rich 181:184 rich 181:184 Banana (Musa acuminata and M. acuminata x M. balbisiana) fruit cell walls are rich in mannans, homogalacturonans and xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and arabinogalactans, certain forms of which is considered to have immunomodulatory activity. 28325331 7 43 theme introgress 1010:1019 arg1 resistance 1029:1038 introgress disease resistance 1010:1038 introgress disease resistance from wild species 1010:1056 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 4 44 theme water-soluble 622:634 arg1 arabinogalactan 636:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 7 45 theme wild 1045:1048 arg1 species 1050:1056 wild species 1045:1056 wild species 1045:1056 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 6 46 theme High 828:831 arg1 amount 833:838 High amount 828:838 High amount of callose 828:849 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 6 46 theme High 828:831 arg1 callose 843:849 callose 843:849 callose 843:849 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 3 47 theme water-insoluble 542:556 arg1 fraction 576:583 the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction 538:583 the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction 538:583 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 7 48 theme breeding 989:996 arg1 programs 998:1005 breeding programs 989:1005 breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species 989:1056 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 7 49 theme immunomodulatory 883:898 arg1 activity 900:907 immunomodulatory activity 883:907 immunomodulatory activity 883:907 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 0 50 theme mannan 75:80 arg1 composition 31:41 composition 31:41 composition of potentially immunomodulatory mannan and arabinogalactan 31:100 Two banana cultivars differ in composition of potentially immunomodulatory mannan and arabinogalactan. 28325331 6 51 located found 855:859 arg2 callose 843:849 callose 843:849 callose 843:849 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 6 51 located found 855:859 arg1 cultivars 869:877 both cultivars 864:877 both cultivars 864:877 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 6 51 located found 855:859 arg2 amount 833:838 High amount 828:838 High amount of callose 828:849 High amount of callose was found in both cultivars. 28325331 7 52 from species 1050:1056 arg1 resistance 1029:1038 introgress disease resistance 1010:1038 introgress disease resistance from wild species 1010:1056 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 0 53 theme immunomodulatory 58:73 arg1 mannan 75:80 mannan 75:80 mannan 75:80 Two banana cultivars differ in composition of potentially immunomodulatory mannan and arabinogalactan. 28325331 7 54 theme polysaccharides 972:986 arg1 interaction 951:961 interaction 951:961 interaction 951:961 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 7 54 theme polysaccharides 972:986 arg1 structure 937:945 fine structure 932:945 fine structure 932:945 As immunomodulatory activity is associated with the fine structure and interaction of these polysaccharides, breeding programs to introgress disease resistance from wild species must account for these special structural features in retaining fruit quality and beneficial properties. 28325331 3 55 theme mannan 528:533 arg1 amounts 517:523 low amounts 513:523 low amounts of mannan 513:533 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 3 55 theme mannan 528:533 arg1 mannan 528:533 mannan 528:533 mannan 528:533 Nanicão has low amounts of mannan in the water-insoluble and water-soluble fraction. 28325331 4 56 theme arabinogalactan 636:650 arg1 amounts 611:617 high amounts 606:617 high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan 606:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 28325331 4 56 theme arabinogalactan 636:650 arg1 arabinogalactan 636:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 water-soluble arabinogalactan 622:650 Both cultivars have high amounts of water-soluble arabinogalactan. 27664611 5 0 theme GTF180-ΔN 706:714 arg1 W1065 697:701 residue W1065 689:701 residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN 689:714 We performed random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN, resulting in the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity. 27664611 3 1 theme glucosyl 556:563 arg1 moiety 565:570 the glucosyl moiety 552:570 the glucosyl moiety 552:570 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 8 2 theme aromatic 1145:1152 arg1 residue 1154:1160 an aromatic residue 1142:1160 an aromatic residue at position 1065 1142:1177 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 7 3 with oligosaccharides 1063:1078 arg1 composition 1101:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 Using sucrose, and sucrose (donor) plus maltose (acceptor) as substrates, the mutant enzymes synthesized polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with changed linkage composition. 27664611 0 4 theme altered 118:124 arg1 composition 134:144 altered linkage composition 118:144 altered linkage composition 118:144 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 2 5 theme α-glucans 330:338 arg1 synthesis 317:325 the synthesis 313:325 the synthesis of α-glucans 313:338 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 5 6 theme random 660:665 arg1 mutagenesis 667:677 random mutagenesis 660:677 random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN 660:714 We performed random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN, resulting in the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity. 27664611 0 7 theme linkage 126:132 arg1 composition 134:144 altered linkage composition 118:144 altered linkage composition 118:144 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 3 8 theme acceptor 470:477 arg1 sites 487:491 the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2 466:501 the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2 466:501 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 8 9 from interaction 1127:1137 arg1 position 1165:1172 position 1065 1165:1177 position 1065 1165:1177 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 6 10 theme enzymes 861:867 arg1 Characterization 834:849 Characterization 834:849 Characterization of mutant enzymes 834:867 Characterization of mutant enzymes showed that residue W1065 is critical for the activity of GTF180-ΔN. 27664611 6 11 theme mutant 854:859 arg1 enzymes 861:867 mutant enzymes 854:867 mutant enzymes 854:867 Characterization of mutant enzymes showed that residue W1065 is critical for the activity of GTF180-ΔN. 27664611 2 12 theme linkage 355:361 arg1 size 377:380 size 377:380 size 377:380 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 2 12 theme linkage 355:361 arg1 properties 403:412 physico-chemical properties 386:412 physico-chemical properties 386:412 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 2 12 theme linkage 355:361 arg1 compositions 363:374 different linkage compositions 345:374 different linkage compositions 345:374 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 1 13 theme food 224:227 arg1 applications 229:240 food applications 224:240 food applications 224:240 Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria are extensively used for food applications. 27664611 0 14 theme glucansucrase 24:36 arg1 enzymes 58:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes 20:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition 20:144 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 5 15 theme mutant 751:756 arg1 enzymes 758:764 10 mutant enzymes 748:764 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity 748:831 We performed random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN, resulting in the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity. 27664611 2 16 theme different 345:353 arg1 size 377:380 size 377:380 size 377:380 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 2 16 theme different 345:353 arg1 properties 403:412 physico-chemical properties 386:412 physico-chemical properties 386:412 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 2 16 theme different 345:353 arg1 compositions 363:374 different linkage compositions 345:374 different linkage compositions 345:374 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 3 17 dep sites 487:491 arg1 +2 500:501 +2 500:501 +2 500:501 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 3 17 dep sites 487:491 arg1 +1 493:494 +1 493:494 +1 493:494 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 3 18 theme GTF180-ΔN 443:451 arg1 studies 432:438 Crystallographic studies 415:438 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN 415:451 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 5 19 theme enzymes 758:764 arg1 generation 734:743 the generation 730:743 the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity 730:831 We performed random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN, resulting in the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity. 27664611 0 20 theme W1065 45:49 arg1 enzymes 58:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes 20:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition 20:144 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 4 21 theme W1065 615:619 arg1 roles 606:610 the detailed functional roles 582:610 the detailed functional roles of W1065 582:619 However, the detailed functional roles of W1065 have not been elucidated. 27664611 2 22 theme bacteria 280:287 arg1 enzymes 257:263 Glucansucrase enzymes 243:263 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria 243:287 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 0 23 theme GTF180 38:43 arg1 enzymes 58:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes 20:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition 20:144 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 3 24 theme binding 479:485 arg1 sites 487:491 the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2 466:501 the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2 466:501 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 6 25 theme GTF180-ΔN 927:935 arg1 activity 915:922 the activity 911:922 the activity of GTF180-ΔN 911:935 Characterization of mutant enzymes showed that residue W1065 is critical for the activity of GTF180-ΔN. 27664611 2 26 theme acid 275:278 arg1 bacteria 280:287 lactic acid bacteria 268:287 lactic acid bacteria 268:287 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 3 27 theme residue 504:510 arg1 W1065 512:516 residue W1065 504:516 residue W1065 504:516 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 0 28 theme enzymes 58:64 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 0:145 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 3 29 theme Crystallographic 415:430 arg1 studies 432:438 Crystallographic studies 415:438 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN 415:451 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 2 30 theme lactic 268:273 arg1 bacteria 280:287 lactic acid bacteria 268:287 lactic acid bacteria 268:287 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 7 31 theme changed 1085:1091 arg1 composition 1101:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 Using sucrose, and sucrose (donor) plus maltose (acceptor) as substrates, the mutant enzymes synthesized polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with changed linkage composition. 27664611 2 32 theme physico-chemical 386:401 arg1 properties 403:412 physico-chemical properties 386:412 physico-chemical properties 386:412 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 2 32 theme physico-chemical 386:401 arg1 compositions 363:374 different linkage compositions 345:374 different linkage compositions 345:374 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 0 33 theme mutant 51:56 arg1 enzymes 58:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes 20:64 the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition 20:144 Characterization of the glucansucrase GTF180 W1065 mutant enzymes producing polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with altered linkage composition. 27664611 4 34 theme functional 595:604 arg1 roles 606:610 the detailed functional roles 582:610 the detailed functional roles of W1065 582:619 However, the detailed functional roles of W1065 have not been elucidated. 27664611 8 35 theme residue 1154:1160 arg1 interaction 1127:1137 The stacking interaction 1114:1137 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 1114:1177 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 8 35 theme residue 1154:1160 arg1 essential 1182:1190 essential 1182:1190 essential 1182:1190 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 5 36 theme residue 689:695 arg1 W1065 697:701 residue W1065 689:701 residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN 689:714 We performed random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN, resulting in the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity. 27664611 8 37 theme stacking 1118:1125 arg1 interaction 1127:1137 The stacking interaction 1114:1137 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 1114:1177 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 8 37 theme stacking 1118:1125 arg1 essential 1182:1190 essential 1182:1190 essential 1182:1190 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 4 38 theme detailed 586:593 arg1 roles 606:610 the detailed functional roles 582:610 the detailed functional roles of W1065 582:619 However, the detailed functional roles of W1065 have not been elucidated. 27664611 7 39 theme linkage 1093:1099 arg1 composition 1101:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 Using sucrose, and sucrose (donor) plus maltose (acceptor) as substrates, the mutant enzymes synthesized polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with changed linkage composition. 27664611 2 40 theme Glucansucrase 243:255 arg1 enzymes 257:263 Glucansucrase enzymes 243:263 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria 243:287 Glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria use sucrose to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different linkage compositions, size and physico-chemical properties. 27664611 3 41 theme stacking 527:534 arg1 interactions 536:547 stacking interactions 527:547 stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety 527:570 Crystallographic studies of GTF180-ΔN show that at the acceptor binding sites +1 and +2, residue W1065 provides stacking interactions to the glucosyl moiety. 27664611 8 42 from position 1165:1172 arg1 interaction 1127:1137 The stacking interaction 1114:1137 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 1114:1177 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 8 42 from position 1165:1172 arg1 essential 1182:1190 essential 1182:1190 essential 1182:1190 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 8 42 from position 1165:1172 arg1 residue 1154:1160 an aromatic residue 1142:1160 an aromatic residue at position 1065 1142:1177 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 5 43 theme product 813:819 arg1 specificity 821:831 product specificity 813:831 product specificity 813:831 We performed random mutagenesis targeting residue W1065 of GTF180-ΔN, resulting in the generation of 10 mutant enzymes that were characterized regarding activity and product specificity. 27664611 1 44 used used 215:218 arg2 Exopolysaccharides 147:164 Exopolysaccharides 147:164 Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria 147:197 Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria are extensively used for food applications. 27664611 1 45 theme lactic 178:183 arg1 bacteria 190:197 lactic acid bacteria 178:197 lactic acid bacteria 178:197 Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria are extensively used for food applications. 27664611 8 46 theme polysaccharide 1196:1209 arg1 synthesis 1211:1219 polysaccharide synthesis 1196:1219 polysaccharide synthesis 1196:1219 The stacking interaction of an aromatic residue at position 1065 is essential for polysaccharide synthesis. 27664611 7 47 theme mutant 1016:1021 arg1 enzymes 1023:1029 the mutant enzymes 1012:1029 the mutant enzymes 1012:1029 Using sucrose, and sucrose (donor) plus maltose (acceptor) as substrates, the mutant enzymes synthesized polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with changed linkage composition. 27664611 1 48 theme acid 185:188 arg1 bacteria 190:197 lactic acid bacteria 178:197 lactic acid bacteria 178:197 Exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria are extensively used for food applications. 27664611 7 49 with polysaccharides 1043:1057 arg1 composition 1101:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 changed linkage composition 1085:1111 Using sucrose, and sucrose (donor) plus maltose (acceptor) as substrates, the mutant enzymes synthesized polysaccharides and oligosaccharides with changed linkage composition. 28189238 1 0 theme residues 371:378 arg1 presence 347:354 presence 347:354 presence 347:354 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 0 theme residues 371:378 arg1 absence 335:341 absence 335:341 absence 335:341 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 0 1 theme polysaccharide 83:96 arg1 nano-complexes 54:67 nano-complexes 54:67 nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 54:133 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 2 2 from potentials 576:585 arg1 size 594:597 the size 590:597 the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy 590:654 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 1 3 theme NMR 468:470 arg1 spectroscopy 472:483 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy 459:483 spectroscopy 472:483 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 6 4 theme high 1116:1119 arg1 permeation 1121:1130 high permeation 1116:1130 high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans 1116:1257 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 0 5 theme chitosan 114:121 arg1 derivatives 123:133 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 102:133 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 102:133 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 1 6 theme deoxycholic 302:312 arg1 residues 319:326 deoxycholic acid residues 302:326 deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 302:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 0 7 theme amphiphilic 102:112 arg1 derivatives 123:133 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 102:133 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 102:133 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 2 8 theme electron 636:643 arg1 microscopy 645:654 scanning electron microscopy 627:654 scanning electron microscopy 627:654 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 4 9 theme scattering 825:834 arg1 spectroscopy 836:847 resonance light scattering spectroscopy 809:847 resonance light scattering spectroscopy 809:847 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 1 10 theme acid 314:317 arg1 residues 319:326 deoxycholic acid residues 302:326 deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 302:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 2 11 theme positive 562:569 arg1 potentials 576:585 positive zeta potentials 562:585 positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy 562:654 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 4 12 theme electrostatic 923:935 arg1 interaction 937:947 electrostatic interaction 923:947 electrostatic interaction 923:947 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 5 13 theme human 1029:1033 arg1 cells 1065:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 1 14 theme Astragalus 191:200 arg1 APS 219:221 APS 219:221 APS 219:221 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 14 theme Astragalus 191:200 arg1 polysaccharides 202:216 Astragalus polysaccharides 191:216 Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) 191:222 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 0 15 theme derivatives 123:133 arg1 nano-complexes 54:67 nano-complexes 54:67 nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 54:133 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 1 16 dep absence 335:341 arg1 the 331:333 the 331:333 the 331:333 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 17 theme polysaccharides 202:216 arg1 efficacy 179:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy 147:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) 147:222 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 2 18 theme APS 486:488 arg1 derivatives 519:529 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 486:529 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 486:529 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 1 19 from residues 319:326 arg1 presence 347:354 presence 347:354 presence 347:354 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 19 from residues 319:326 arg1 absence 335:341 absence 335:341 absence 335:341 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 3 20 theme Congo 709:713 arg1 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 3 20 theme Congo 709:713 arg1 derivative 742:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative 707:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) 707:760 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 5 21 theme adenocarcinoma 1041:1054 arg1 cells 1065:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 6 22 theme APS/VB12-DA-Chit 1076:1091 arg1 nano-complex 1093:1104 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex 1072:1104 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex 1072:1104 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 4 23 theme interaction 937:947 arg1 formation 863:871 the formation 859:871 the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex 859:906 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 4 23 theme interaction 937:947 arg1 result 913:918 a result 911:918 a result of electrostatic interaction 911:947 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 5 24 theme APS/VB12-DA-Chit 970:985 arg1 nano-complexes 987:1000 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes 950:1000 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes 950:1000 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 5 24 theme APS/VB12-DA-Chit 970:985 arg1 toxic 1011:1015 toxic 1011:1015 toxic 1011:1015 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 5 25 theme colon 1035:1039 arg1 cells 1065:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 4 26 theme light 819:823 arg1 scattering 825:834 resonance light scattering 809:834 resonance light scattering spectroscopy 809:847 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 0 27 theme complexation 13:24 arg1 mechanism 26:34 complexation mechanism 13:34 complexation mechanism 13:34 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 6 28 theme intestinal 1140:1149 arg1 enterocytes 1151:1161 intestinal enterocytes 1140:1161 intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans 1140:1257 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 4 29 theme resonance 809:817 arg1 scattering 825:834 resonance light scattering 809:834 resonance light scattering spectroscopy 809:847 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 6 30 theme cell 1180:1183 arg1 beneficial 1207:1216 beneficial 1207:1216 beneficial 1207:1216 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 6 30 theme cell 1180:1183 arg1 model 1185:1189 the Caco-2 cell model 1169:1189 the Caco-2 cell model 1169:1189 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 2 31 theme chitosan 510:517 arg1 derivatives 519:529 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 486:529 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 486:529 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 1 32 dep residues 371:378 arg1 VB12-DA-Chit 393:404 VB12-DA-Chit 393:404 VB12-DA-Chit 393:404 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 32 dep residues 371:378 arg1 DA-Chit 381:387 DA-Chit 381:387 DA-Chit 381:387 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 32 dep residues 371:378 arg1 residues 371:378 vitamin B12 residues 359:378 vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 359:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 6 33 theme Caco-2 1173:1178 arg1 beneficial 1207:1216 beneficial 1207:1216 beneficial 1207:1216 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 6 33 theme Caco-2 1173:1178 arg1 model 1185:1189 the Caco-2 cell model 1169:1189 the Caco-2 cell model 1169:1189 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 1 34 theme oral 232:235 arg1 administration 237:250 oral administration 232:250 oral administration 232:250 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 2 35 theme amphiphilic 498:508 arg1 chitosan 510:517 the amphiphilic chitosan 494:517 the amphiphilic chitosan 494:517 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 4 36 theme nano-complex 895:906 arg1 formation 863:871 the formation 859:871 the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex 859:906 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 4 36 theme nano-complex 895:906 arg1 result 913:918 a result 911:918 a result of electrostatic interaction 911:947 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 0 37 theme nano-complexes 54:67 arg1 properties 40:49 properties 40:49 properties 40:49 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 0 37 theme nano-complexes 54:67 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 0 37 theme nano-complexes 54:67 arg1 mechanism 26:34 complexation mechanism 13:34 complexation mechanism 13:34 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 2 38 theme scanning 627:634 arg1 microscopy 645:654 scanning electron microscopy 627:654 scanning electron microscopy 627:654 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 3 39 theme APS 702:704 arg1 properties 688:697 the fluorescent properties 672:697 the fluorescent properties of APS 672:704 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 6 40 theme small 1221:1225 arg1 absorption 1238:1247 small intestinal absorption 1221:1247 small intestinal absorption of humans 1221:1257 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 3 41 theme residue-conjugated 719:736 arg1 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 3 41 theme residue-conjugated 719:736 arg1 derivative 742:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative 707:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) 707:760 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 6 42 theme humans 1252:1257 arg1 absorption 1238:1247 small intestinal absorption 1221:1247 small intestinal absorption of humans 1221:1257 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 1 43 theme vitamin 359:365 arg1 B12 367:369 vitamin B12 359:369 vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 359:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 3 44 theme APS 738:740 arg1 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 3 44 theme APS 738:740 arg1 derivative 742:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative 707:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) 707:760 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 3 45 theme fluorescent 676:686 arg1 properties 688:697 the fluorescent properties 672:697 the fluorescent properties of APS 672:704 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 4 46 theme Fluorescence 779:790 arg1 spectroscopy 792:803 Fluorescence spectroscopy 779:803 Fluorescence spectroscopy 779:803 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 5 47 theme Caco-2 1057:1062 arg1 cells 1065:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells 1025:1069 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 2 48 theme 100-150nm 602:610 arg1 size 594:597 the size 590:597 the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy 590:654 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 28189238 1 49 theme FTIR 459:462 arg1 spectroscopy 472:483 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy 459:483 spectroscopy 472:483 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 50 theme small 151:155 arg1 efficacy 179:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy 147:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) 147:222 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 51 theme amphiphilic 253:263 arg1 derivatives 274:284 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 253:284 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 253:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 0 52 theme Astragalus 72:81 arg1 polysaccharide 83:96 Astragalus polysaccharide 72:96 Astragalus polysaccharide 72:96 Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives. 28189238 3 53 theme red 715:717 arg1 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 CR-APS 754:759 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 3 53 theme red 715:717 arg1 derivative 742:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative 707:751 a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) 707:760 To investigate the fluorescent properties of APS, a Congo red residue-conjugated APS derivative (CR-APS) was synthesized. 28189238 4 54 theme CR-APS/DA-Chit 880:893 arg1 nano-complex 895:906 the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex 876:906 the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex 876:906 Fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the CR-APS/DA-Chit nano-complex as a result of electrostatic interaction. 28189238 1 55 theme intestinal 157:166 arg1 efficacy 179:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy 147:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) 147:222 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 5 56 theme APS/DA-Chit 954:964 arg1 nano-complexes 987:1000 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes 950:1000 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes 950:1000 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 5 56 theme APS/DA-Chit 954:964 arg1 toxic 1011:1015 toxic 1011:1015 toxic 1011:1015 The APS/DA-Chit and APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complexes were not toxic against the human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. 28189238 1 57 theme chitosan 265:272 arg1 derivatives 274:284 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives 253:284 amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 253:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 6 58 theme intestinal 1227:1236 arg1 absorption 1238:1247 small intestinal absorption 1221:1247 small intestinal absorption of humans 1221:1257 The APS/VB12-DA-Chit nano-complex exhibited high permeation through intestinal enterocytes using the Caco-2 cell model, which could be beneficial to small intestinal absorption of humans. 28189238 1 59 theme B12 367:369 arg1 VB12-DA-Chit 393:404 VB12-DA-Chit 393:404 VB12-DA-Chit 393:404 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 59 theme B12 367:369 arg1 DA-Chit 381:387 DA-Chit 381:387 DA-Chit 381:387 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 59 theme B12 367:369 arg1 residues 371:378 vitamin B12 residues 359:378 vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) 359:419 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 1 60 theme absorption 168:177 arg1 efficacy 179:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy 147:186 the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) 147:222 To improve the small intestinal absorption efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) through oral administration, amphiphilic chitosan derivatives conjugated with deoxycholic acid residues in the absence and presence of vitamin B12 residues (DA-Chit and VB12-DA-Chit, respectively) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. 28189238 2 61 theme zeta 571:574 arg1 potentials 576:585 positive zeta potentials 562:585 positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy 562:654 APS and the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formed the nano-complexes with positive zeta potentials in the size of 100-150nm observed using scanning electron microscopy. 26085151 13 0 theme oligomannose 2402:2413 arg1 structures 2379:2388 the structures 2375:2388 the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures 2375:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 4 1 theme mobility 590:597 arg1 spectrometry 604:615 ion mobility mass spectrometry 586:615 ion mobility mass spectrometry 586:615 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 5 2 theme systems 830:836 arg1 capacity 797:804 The capacity 793:804 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation 793:946 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 9 3 theme HIV-1 1647:1651 arg1 Env 1653:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 6 4 theme vaccine 1132:1138 arg1 design 1140:1145 vaccine design 1132:1145 vaccine design 1132:1145 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 11 5 theme HIV 2005:2007 arg1 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 5 theme HIV 2005:2007 arg1 glycoproteins 2018:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins 2001:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 2001:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 5 theme HIV 2005:2007 arg1 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 4 6 theme multistep 557:565 arg1 approach 567:574 a complementary, multistep approach 540:574 approach 567:574 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 10 7 theme vaccine 1905:1911 arg1 component 1879:1887 an important component 1866:1887 an important component of an effective vaccine 1866:1911 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 10 7 theme vaccine 1905:1911 arg1 elicitation 1826:1836 elicitation 1826:1836 elicitation of HIV bnAbs 1826:1849 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 3 8 theme Env 501:503 arg1 immunogens 505:514 Env immunogens 501:514 Env immunogens 501:514 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 7 9 theme acid 1355:1358 arg1 residues 1360:1367 sialic acid residues 1348:1367 sialic acid residues that cap these glycans 1348:1390 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 4 10 used used 535:538 arg2 we 532:533 we 532:533 we 532:533 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 7 11 located observed 1275:1282 arg2 structures 1264:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures 1223:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120 1223:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 7 11 located observed 1275:1282 arg1 gp120 1300:1304 PBMC-derived gp120 1287:1304 PBMC-derived gp120 1287:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 10 12 theme vaccine 1765:1771 arg1 Development 1743:1753 IMPORTANCE Development 1732:1753 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine 1732:1771 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 5 13 theme different 809:817 arg1 systems 830:836 different expression systems 809:836 different expression systems 809:836 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 5 13 theme different 809:817 arg1 trimers 900:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 5 13 theme different 809:817 arg1 particles 861:869 pseudoviral particles 849:869 pseudoviral particles 849:869 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 4 14 attach present 714:720 arg1 gp120 731:735 HIV-1 gp120 725:735 HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 725:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 4 14 attach present 714:720 arg2 structures 703:712 the glycan structures 692:712 the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 692:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 5 15 theme surface 892:898 arg1 trimers 900:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 7 16 theme precise 1329:1335 arg1 linkage 1337:1343 the precise linkage 1325:1343 the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans 1325:1390 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 1 17 theme envelope 107:114 arg1 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 17 theme envelope 107:114 arg1 glycoprotein 116:127 The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 86:127 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) 75:133 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 13 18 theme glycans 2432:2438 arg1 structures 2379:2388 the structures 2375:2388 the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures 2375:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 2 19 theme carbohydrate 229:240 arg1 coat 242:245 This dense carbohydrate coat 218:245 This dense carbohydrate coat 218:245 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 9 20 theme immunogen 1698:1706 arg1 design 1708:1713 immunogen design 1698:1713 immunogen design 1698:1713 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 12 21 theme native-Env 2273:2282 arg1 glycosylation 2284:2296 native-Env glycosylation 2273:2296 native-Env glycosylation 2273:2296 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 4 22 theme high-performance 621:636 arg1 chromatography 645:658 high-performance liquid chromatography 621:658 high-performance liquid chromatography 621:658 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 11 23 theme HIV 1928:1930 arg1 bnAbs 1932:1936 HIV bnAbs 1928:1936 HIV bnAbs 1928:1936 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 6 24 theme glycans 996:1002 arg1 population 969:978 A population 967:978 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 967:1011 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 11 25 link N-linked 1976:1983 arg1 glycans 1985:1991 the N-linked glycans 1972:1991 the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 1972:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 7 26 theme 293T 1181:1184 arg1 cells 1186:1190 HEK 293T cells 1177:1190 HEK 293T cells 1177:1190 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 7 27 link PBMC-derived 1287:1298 arg1 gp120 1300:1304 PBMC-derived gp120 1287:1304 PBMC-derived gp120 1287:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 12 28 theme vaccines 2242:2249 arg1 development 2227:2237 development 2227:2237 development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation 2227:2296 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 12 29 theme native 2182:2187 arg1 gp120 2208:2212 native, virion-associated gp120 2182:2212 native, virion-associated gp120 2182:2212 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 2 30 with target 282:287 arg1 glycans 299:305 its glycans 295:305 its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 295:391 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 13 31 dep oligomannose 2402:2413 arg1 the 2398:2400 the 2398:2400 the 2398:2400 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 8 32 theme complex-type 1472:1483 arg1 sugars 1485:1490 complex-type sugars 1472:1490 complex-type sugars 1472:1490 Finally, we show that unlike for gp120, the glycans decorating gp41 are mostly complex-type sugars, consistent with the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region. 26085151 8 32 theme complex-type 1472:1483 arg1 glycans 1437:1443 the glycans 1433:1443 the glycans decorating gp41 1433:1459 Finally, we show that unlike for gp120, the glycans decorating gp41 are mostly complex-type sugars, consistent with the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region. 26085151 6 33 from population 969:978 arg1 gp120 1007:1011 gp120 1007:1011 gp120 1007:1011 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 2 34 theme antibodies 374:383 arg1 number 332:337 a number 330:337 a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 330:391 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 12 35 theme glycan 2153:2158 arg1 structures 2160:2169 the glycan structures 2149:2169 the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation 2149:2296 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 0 36 theme Cell- 0:4 arg1 Glycosylation 27:39 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation 0:39 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native 0:49 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope. 26085151 1 37 theme HIV-1 101:105 arg1 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 37 theme HIV-1 101:105 arg1 glycoprotein 116:127 The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 86:127 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) 75:133 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 12 38 theme present 2171:2177 arg1 structures 2160:2169 the glycan structures 2149:2169 the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation 2149:2296 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 8 39 with consistent 1493:1502 arg1 specificity 1520:1530 the glycan specificity 1509:1530 the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region 1509:1563 Finally, we show that unlike for gp120, the glycans decorating gp41 are mostly complex-type sugars, consistent with the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region. 26085151 0 40 theme Protein-Directed 10:25 arg1 Glycosylation 27:39 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation 0:39 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native 0:49 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope. 26085151 7 41 theme PBMC-derived 1287:1298 arg1 gp120 1300:1304 PBMC-derived gp120 1287:1304 PBMC-derived gp120 1287:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 8 42 theme glycan 1513:1518 arg1 specificity 1520:1530 the glycan specificity 1509:1530 the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region 1509:1563 Finally, we show that unlike for gp120, the glycans decorating gp41 are mostly complex-type sugars, consistent with the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region. 26085151 1 43 dep 50 170:171 arg1 to 167:168 to 167:168 to 167:168 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 2 44 theme neutralizing 361:372 arg1 bnAbs 386:390 bnAbs 386:390 bnAbs 386:390 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 2 44 theme neutralizing 361:372 arg1 antibodies 374:383 potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies 342:383 potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 342:391 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 13 45 theme potential 2516:2524 arg1 immunogens 2530:2539 potential HIV immunogens 2516:2539 potential HIV immunogens 2516:2539 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 10 46 theme new 1806:1808 arg1 infections 1810:1819 new infections 1806:1819 new infections 1806:1819 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 3 47 theme HIV-1 449:453 arg1 Env 455:457 native HIV-1 Env 442:457 native HIV-1 Env 442:457 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 13 48 theme immunogens 2530:2539 arg1 ability 2505:2511 the ability 2501:2511 the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures 2501:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 9 49 used used 1668:1671 arg2 findings 1572:1579 These findings 1566:1579 These findings 1566:1579 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 0 50 gly Glycosylation 27:39 arg1 Native 44:49 Native 44:49 Native 44:49 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope. 26085151 7 51 theme glycan 1257:1262 arg1 structures 1264:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures 1223:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120 1223:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 10 52 theme HIV 1841:1843 arg1 bnAbs 1845:1849 HIV bnAbs 1841:1849 HIV bnAbs 1841:1849 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 4 53 theme blood 760:764 arg1 PBMCs 785:789 PBMCs 785:789 PBMCs 785:789 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 4 53 theme blood 760:764 arg1 cells 778:782 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 749:782 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 749:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 7 54 theme processed 1234:1242 arg1 structures 1264:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures 1223:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120 1223:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 13 55 theme HIV 2526:2528 arg1 immunogens 2530:2539 potential HIV immunogens 2516:2539 potential HIV immunogens 2516:2539 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 6 56 theme intrinsic 1081:1089 arg1 property 1091:1098 an intrinsic property 1078:1098 an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design 1078:1145 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 11 57 theme important 2069:2077 arg1 them 2061:2064 them 2061:2064 them 2061:2064 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 57 theme important 2069:2077 arg1 targets 2079:2085 important targets 2069:2085 important targets for vaccine design 2069:2104 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 3 58 attach present 431:437 arg2 structures 420:429 the glycan structures 409:429 the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env 409:457 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 3 58 attach present 431:437 arg1 Env 455:457 native HIV-1 Env 442:457 native HIV-1 Env 442:457 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 13 59 attach present 2440:2446 arg2 oligomannose 2402:2413 oligomannose 2402:2413 oligomannose 2402:2413 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 13 59 attach present 2440:2446 arg1 Env 2458:2460 native Env 2451:2460 native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures 2451:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 11 60 dep glycoproteins 2018:2030 arg1 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 60 dep glycoproteins 2018:2030 arg1 glycoproteins 2018:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins 2001:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 2001:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 60 dep glycoproteins 2018:2030 arg1 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 61 theme N-linked 1976:1983 arg1 glycans 1985:1991 the N-linked glycans 1972:1991 the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 1972:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 9 62 theme native 1624:1629 arg1 Env 1653:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 5 63 theme expression 819:828 arg1 systems 830:836 different expression systems 809:836 different expression systems 809:836 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 5 63 theme expression 819:828 arg1 trimers 900:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 5 63 theme expression 819:828 arg1 particles 861:869 pseudoviral particles 849:869 pseudoviral particles 849:869 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 9 64 theme recombinant 1635:1645 arg1 Env 1653:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 4 65 theme ion 586:588 arg1 spectrometry 604:615 ion mobility mass spectrometry 586:615 ion mobility mass spectrometry 586:615 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 10 66 theme important 1869:1877 arg1 component 1879:1887 an important component 1866:1887 an important component of an effective vaccine 1866:1911 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 10 66 theme important 1869:1877 arg1 elicitation 1826:1836 elicitation 1826:1836 elicitation of HIV bnAbs 1826:1849 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 3 67 theme immunogens 505:514 arg1 design 491:496 the design 487:496 the design of Env immunogens 487:514 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 9 68 theme Env 1653:1655 arg1 glycosylation 1607:1619 the glycosylation 1603:1619 the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1603:1655 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 4 69 theme mass 599:602 arg1 spectrometry 604:615 ion mobility mass spectrometry 586:615 ion mobility mass spectrometry 586:615 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 13 70 theme present 2440:2446 arg1 oligomannose 2402:2413 oligomannose 2402:2413 oligomannose 2402:2413 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 1 71 link N-linked 200:207 arg1 glycans 209:215 N-linked glycans 200:215 N-linked glycans 200:215 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 2 72 theme vaccine 274:280 arg1 target 282:287 a promising vaccine target 262:287 a promising vaccine target 262:287 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 11 73 theme envelope 2009:2016 arg1 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 73 theme envelope 2009:2016 arg1 glycoproteins 2018:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins 2001:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 2001:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 73 theme envelope 2009:2016 arg1 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 5 74 theme recombinant 875:885 arg1 trimers 900:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 10 75 theme effective 1895:1903 arg1 vaccine 1905:1911 an effective vaccine 1892:1911 an effective vaccine 1892:1911 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 13 76 theme native 2451:2456 arg1 Env 2458:2460 native Env 2451:2460 native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures 2451:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 1 77 theme mass 181:184 arg1 % 172:172 up to 50% 164:172 up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans 164:215 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 77 theme mass 181:184 arg1 mass 181:184 its mass 177:184 its mass consisting of N-linked glycans 177:215 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 7 78 theme residues 1360:1367 arg1 linkage 1337:1343 the precise linkage 1325:1343 the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans 1325:1390 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 1 79 gly glycosylated 145:156 arg1 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 79 gly glycosylated 145:156 arg1 glycoprotein 116:127 The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 86:127 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) 75:133 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 10 80 theme HIV 1761:1763 arg1 vaccine 1765:1771 an HIV vaccine 1758:1771 an HIV vaccine 1758:1771 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 5 81 theme cell 887:890 arg1 trimers 900:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 recombinant cell surface trimers 875:906 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 7 82 theme sialic 1348:1353 arg1 residues 1360:1367 sialic acid residues 1348:1367 sialic acid residues that cap these glycans 1348:1390 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 13 83 theme complex-type 2419:2430 arg1 glycans 2432:2438 complex-type glycans 2419:2438 complex-type glycans 2419:2438 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 10 84 theme IMPORTANCE 1732:1741 arg1 Development 1743:1753 IMPORTANCE Development 1732:1753 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine 1732:1771 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 13 85 theme techniques 2345:2354 arg1 number 2324:2329 a number 2322:2329 a number of analytical techniques 2322:2354 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 13 86 theme native 2600:2605 arg1 structures 2607:2616 these native structures 2594:2616 these native structures 2594:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 2 87 theme dense 223:227 arg1 coat 242:245 This dense carbohydrate coat 218:245 This dense carbohydrate coat 218:245 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 5 88 theme pseudoviral 849:859 arg1 particles 861:869 pseudoviral particles 849:869 pseudoviral particles 849:869 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 11 89 gly glycoproteins 2018:2030 arg1 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 gp120 2032:2036 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 89 gly glycoproteins 2018:2030 arg1 glycoproteins 2018:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins 2001:2030 the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 2001:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 11 89 gly glycoproteins 2018:2030 arg1 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 gp41 2042:2045 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 7 90 theme HEK 1177:1179 arg1 cells 1186:1190 HEK 293T cells 1177:1190 HEK 293T cells 1177:1190 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 12 91 dep native 2182:2187 arg1 virion-associated 2190:2206 virion-associated 2190:2206 virion-associated 2190:2206 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 6 92 theme oligomannose 983:994 arg1 glycans 996:1002 oligomannose glycans 983:1002 oligomannose glycans 983:1002 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 4 93 theme liquid 638:643 arg1 chromatography 645:658 high-performance liquid chromatography 621:658 high-performance liquid chromatography 621:658 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 13 94 theme glycosylation 2569:2581 arg1 pattern 2583:2589 the glycosylation pattern 2565:2589 the glycosylation pattern on these native structures 2565:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 2 95 theme promising 264:272 arg1 target 282:287 a promising vaccine target 262:287 a promising vaccine target 262:287 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 4 96 theme HIV-1 725:729 arg1 gp120 731:735 HIV-1 gp120 725:735 HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 725:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 1 97 gly glycoprotein 116:127 arg1 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 97 gly glycoprotein 116:127 arg1 glycoprotein 116:127 The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 86:127 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) 75:133 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 98 theme UNLABELLED 75:84 arg1 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 98 theme UNLABELLED 75:84 arg1 glycoprotein 116:127 The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 86:127 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) 75:133 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 13 99 used used 2317:2320 arg2 we 2314:2315 we 2314:2315 we 2314:2315 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 12 100 attach present 2171:2177 arg1 gp41 2218:2221 gp41 2218:2221 gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation 2218:2296 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 12 100 attach present 2171:2177 arg1 gp120 2208:2212 native, virion-associated gp120 2182:2212 native, virion-associated gp120 2182:2212 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 12 100 attach present 2171:2177 arg2 structures 2160:2169 the glycan structures 2149:2169 the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation 2149:2296 It is therefore important to characterize the glycan structures present on native, virion-associated gp120 and gp41 for development of vaccines that accurately mimic native-Env glycosylation. 26085151 11 101 theme vaccine 2091:2097 arg1 design 2099:2104 vaccine design 2091:2104 vaccine design 2091:2104 Increasingly, HIV bnAbs are being identified that bind to the N-linked glycans coating the HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, highlighting them as important targets for vaccine design. 26085151 2 102 theme potent 342:347 arg1 bnAbs 386:390 bnAbs 386:390 bnAbs 386:390 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 2 102 theme potent 342:347 arg1 antibodies 374:383 potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies 342:383 potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) 342:391 This dense carbohydrate coat has emerged as a promising vaccine target, with its glycans acting as epitopes for a number of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). 26085151 1 103 theme gp120/gp41 90:99 arg1 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 Env 130:132 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 1 103 theme gp120/gp41 90:99 arg1 glycoprotein 116:127 The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 86:127 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) 75:133 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 7 104 from linkage 1337:1343 arg1 particular 1314:1323 particular 1314:1323 particular 1314:1323 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 4 105 theme glycan 696:701 arg1 structures 703:712 the glycan structures 692:712 the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 692:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 5 106 theme native-like 922:932 arg1 glycosylation 934:946 native-like glycosylation 922:946 native-like glycosylation 922:946 The capacity of different expression systems, including pseudoviral particles and recombinant cell surface trimers, to reproduce native-like glycosylation was then assessed. 26085151 6 107 theme expression 1039:1048 arg1 systems 1050:1056 all expression systems 1035:1056 all expression systems 1035:1056 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 4 108 theme present 714:720 arg1 structures 703:712 the glycan structures 692:712 the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 692:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 3 109 theme present 431:437 arg1 structures 420:429 the glycan structures 409:429 the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env 409:457 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 0 110 theme Native 44:49 arg1 Glycosylation 27:39 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation 0:39 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native 0:49 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope. 26085151 8 111 theme bnAbs 1535:1539 arg1 specificity 1520:1530 the glycan specificity 1509:1530 the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region 1509:1563 Finally, we show that unlike for gp120, the glycans decorating gp41 are mostly complex-type sugars, consistent with the glycan specificity of bnAbs that target this region. 26085151 3 112 theme glycan 413:418 arg1 structures 420:429 the glycan structures 409:429 the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env 409:457 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 0 113 theme HIV-1 59:63 arg1 Envelope 65:72 HIV-1 Envelope 59:72 HIV-1 Envelope 59:72 Cell- and Protein-Directed Glycosylation of Native Cleaved HIV-1 Envelope. 26085151 13 114 from pattern 2583:2589 arg1 structures 2607:2616 these native structures 2594:2616 these native structures 2594:2616 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 13 115 theme analytical 2334:2343 arg1 techniques 2345:2354 analytical techniques 2334:2354 analytical techniques 2334:2354 In this study, we used a number of analytical techniques to precisely study the structures of both the oligomannose and complex-type glycans present on native Env to provide a reference for determining the ability of potential HIV immunogens to accurately replicate the glycosylation pattern on these native structures. 26085151 7 116 theme complex-type 1244:1255 arg1 structures 1264:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures 1223:1273 the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120 1223:1304 In contrast, Env produced in HEK 293T cells failed to accurately reproduce the highly processed complex-type glycan structures observed on PBMC-derived gp120, and in particular the precise linkage of sialic acid residues that cap these glycans. 26085151 10 117 theme bnAbs 1845:1849 arg1 component 1879:1887 an important component 1866:1887 an important component of an effective vaccine 1866:1911 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 10 117 theme bnAbs 1845:1849 arg1 elicitation 1826:1836 elicitation 1826:1836 elicitation of HIV bnAbs 1826:1849 IMPORTANCE Development of an HIV vaccine is desperately needed to control new infections, and elicitation of HIV bnAbs will likely be an important component of an effective vaccine. 26085151 9 118 gly glycosylation 1607:1619 arg1 Env 1653:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 native and recombinant HIV-1 Env 1624:1655 These findings provide insights into the glycosylation of native and recombinant HIV-1 Env and can be used to inform strategies for immunogen design and preparation. 26085151 6 119 theme Env 1103:1105 arg1 property 1091:1098 an intrinsic property 1078:1098 an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design 1078:1145 A population of oligomannose glycans on gp120 was reproduced across all expression systems, supporting this as an intrinsic property of Env that can be targeted for vaccine design. 26085151 4 120 theme peripheral 749:758 arg1 PBMCs 785:789 PBMCs 785:789 PBMCs 785:789 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 4 120 theme peripheral 749:758 arg1 cells 778:782 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 749:782 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 749:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 3 121 theme native 442:447 arg1 Env 455:457 native HIV-1 Env 442:457 native HIV-1 Env 442:457 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26085151 1 122 theme N-linked 200:207 arg1 glycans 209:215 N-linked glycans 200:215 N-linked glycans 200:215 UNLABELLED The gp120/gp41 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is highly glycosylated, with up to 50% of its mass consisting of N-linked glycans. 26085151 4 123 theme complementary 542:554 arg1 approach 567:574 a complementary, multistep approach 540:574 approach 567:574 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 4 124 theme mononuclear 766:776 arg1 PBMCs 785:789 PBMCs 785:789 PBMCs 785:789 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 4 124 theme mononuclear 766:776 arg1 cells 778:782 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 749:782 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 749:790 In this study, we used a complementary, multistep approach involving ion mobility mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to comprehensively characterize the glycan structures present on HIV-1 gp120 produced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 26085151 3 125 theme critical 469:476 arg1 goal 478:481 a critical goal 467:481 a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens 467:514 Characterizing the glycan structures present on native HIV-1 Env is thus a critical goal for the design of Env immunogens. 26704737 0 0 theme spontaneous 94:104 arg1 osteogenesis 106:117 spontaneous osteogenesis 94:117 spontaneous osteogenesis 94:117 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis. 26704737 6 1 from differentiation 1542:1556 arg1 absence 1594:1600 the absence 1590:1600 the absence of osteogenic media 1590:1620 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 2 theme culture 1425:1431 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the cell culture beads 1416:1437 the cell culture beads 1416:1437 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 3 3 theme mechanical 864:873 arg1 properties 875:884 mechanical properties 864:884 mechanical properties 864:884 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 2 4 used used 370:373 arg2 beads 328:332 Culture beads 320:332 Culture beads formed from such materials 320:359 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 1 5 theme great 187:191 arg1 interest 193:200 great interest 187:200 great interest 187:200 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 6 6 theme cell 1420:1423 arg1 beads 1433:1437 the cell culture beads 1416:1437 the cell culture beads 1416:1437 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 1 7 theme structural 270:279 arg1 resemblance 299:309 a structural and compositional resemblance 268:309 a structural and compositional resemblance to bone 268:317 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 2 8 theme large-scale 532:542 arg1 reconstruction 549:562 large-scale bone reconstruction 532:562 large-scale bone reconstruction 532:562 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 4 9 theme gum-nano 909:916 arg1 nHA 940:942 nHA 940:942 nHA 940:942 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 4 9 theme gum-nano 909:916 arg1 hydroxyapatite 924:937 gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite 909:937 gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites 902:954 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 6 10 theme media 1616:1620 arg1 absence 1594:1600 the absence 1590:1600 the absence of osteogenic media 1590:1620 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 11 from culture 1475:1481 arg1 formation 1451:1459 the formation 1447:1459 the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells 1447:1499 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 3 12 theme little 844:849 arg1 tailoring 851:859 relatively little tailoring 833:859 relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties 833:884 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 4 13 theme gellan 902:907 arg1 composites 945:954 gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites 902:954 gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites 902:954 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 6 14 theme osteogenic 1605:1614 arg1 media 1616:1620 osteogenic media 1605:1620 osteogenic media 1605:1620 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 15 theme nodules 1464:1470 arg1 formation 1451:1459 the formation 1447:1459 the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells 1447:1499 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 1 16 theme compositional 285:297 arg1 resemblance 299:309 a structural and compositional resemblance 268:309 a structural and compositional resemblance to bone 268:317 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 2 17 theme cells 522:526 arg1 number 512:517 enough large number 499:517 enough large number of cells 499:526 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 6 18 theme same 1679:1682 arg1 condition 1684:1692 the same condition 1675:1692 the same condition 1675:1692 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 5 19 theme nHA 1275:1277 arg1 concentration 1279:1291 nHA concentration 1275:1291 nHA concentration 1275:1291 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 2 20 theme such 346:349 arg1 materials 351:359 such materials 346:359 such materials 346:359 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 6 21 theme cells 1495:1499 arg1 culture 1475:1481 culture 1475:1481 culture of MC3T3-E1 cells 1475:1499 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 3 22 theme materials 590:598 arg1 beads 694:698 culture beads 686:698 culture beads 686:698 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 22 theme materials 590:598 arg1 combinations 574:585 combinations 574:585 combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates 574:658 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 6 23 theme MC3T3-E1 1486:1493 arg1 cells 1495:1499 MC3T3-E1 cells 1486:1499 MC3T3-E1 cells 1486:1499 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 24 theme nHA 1409:1411 arg1 addition 1397:1404 the addition 1393:1404 the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads 1393:1437 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 3 25 theme culture 686:692 arg1 beads 694:698 culture beads 686:698 culture beads 686:698 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 25 theme culture 686:692 arg1 combinations 574:585 combinations 574:585 combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates 574:658 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 6 26 from nodules 1464:1470 arg1 culture 1475:1481 culture 1475:1481 culture of MC3T3-E1 cells 1475:1499 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 27 theme osteogenic 1531:1540 arg1 differentiation 1542:1556 the osteogenic differentiation 1527:1556 the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media 1527:1620 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 0 28 theme gum 23:25 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 0:61 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis. 26704737 6 29 theme cells 1581:1585 arg1 differentiation 1542:1556 the osteogenic differentiation 1527:1556 the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media 1527:1620 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 5 30 from increase 1263:1270 arg1 concentration 1279:1291 nHA concentration 1275:1291 nHA concentration 1275:1291 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 6 31 from formation 1451:1459 arg1 culture 1475:1481 culture 1475:1481 culture of MC3T3-E1 cells 1475:1499 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 0 32 theme gellan 16:21 arg1 gum 23:25 gellan gum 16:25 gellan gum 16:25 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis. 26704737 5 33 theme 5 wt 1193:1196 arg1 nHA 1202:1204 nHA 1202:1204 nHA 1202:1204 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 5 33 theme 5 wt 1193:1196 arg1 % 1197:1197 5 wt% 1193:1197 5 wt% of nHA 1193:1204 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 5 34 theme nHA 1202:1204 arg1 nHA 1202:1204 nHA 1202:1204 nHA 1202:1204 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 5 34 theme nHA 1202:1204 arg1 % 1197:1197 5 wt% 1193:1197 5 wt% of nHA 1193:1204 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 2 35 theme Culture 320:326 arg1 beads 328:332 Culture beads 320:332 Culture beads formed from such materials 320:359 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 1 36 theme bone 224:227 arg1 replacements 235:246 bone graft replacements 224:246 bone graft replacements 224:246 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 0 37 theme nanocrystalline 32:46 arg1 hydroxyapatite 48:61 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 32:61 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 32:61 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis. 26704737 5 38 theme % 1197:1197 arg1 addition 1181:1188 the addition 1177:1188 the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads 1177:1225 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 1 39 contain have 263:266 arg2 resemblance 299:309 a structural and compositional resemblance 268:309 a structural and compositional resemblance to bone 268:317 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 1 39 contain have 263:266 arg1 they 254:257 they 254:257 they 254:257 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 5 40 dep 25 wt 1302:1306 arg1 to 1299:1300 to 1299:1300 to 1299:1300 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 1 41 theme graft 229:233 arg1 replacements 235:246 bone graft replacements 224:246 bone graft replacements 224:246 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 6 42 theme marrow 1566:1571 arg1 cells 1581:1585 bone marrow stromal cells 1561:1585 bone marrow stromal cells 1561:1585 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 2 43 theme bone 544:547 arg1 reconstruction 549:562 large-scale bone reconstruction 532:562 large-scale bone reconstruction 532:562 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 3 44 theme phosphates 649:658 arg1 beads 694:698 culture beads 686:698 culture beads 686:698 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 44 theme phosphates 649:658 arg1 combinations 574:585 combinations 574:585 combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates 574:658 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 2 45 theme efficient 451:459 arg1 manner 461:466 a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction 436:562 a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction 436:562 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 6 46 theme stromal 1573:1579 arg1 cells 1581:1585 bone marrow stromal cells 1561:1585 bone marrow stromal cells 1561:1585 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 1 47 theme replacements 235:246 arg1 development 209:219 the development 205:219 the development of bone graft replacements 205:246 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 3 48 theme physiological 797:809 arg1 conditions 811:820 physiological conditions 797:820 physiological conditions 797:820 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 4 49 theme hydroxyapatite 924:937 arg1 composites 945:954 gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites 902:954 gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites 902:954 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 2 50 theme large 506:510 arg1 number 512:517 enough large number 499:517 enough large number of cells 499:526 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 4 51 dep cell 1124:1127 arg1 attachment 1129:1138 attachment 1129:1138 attachment 1129:1138 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 4 52 theme sized 918:922 arg1 nHA 940:942 nHA 940:942 nHA 940:942 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 4 52 theme sized 918:922 arg1 hydroxyapatite 924:937 gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite 909:937 gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites 902:954 In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. 26704737 6 53 theme culture 1648:1654 arg1 TCP 1665:1667 TCP 1665:1667 TCP 1665:1667 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 53 theme culture 1648:1654 arg1 plastic 1656:1662 tissue culture plastic 1641:1662 tissue culture plastic (TCP) 1641:1668 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 54 theme tissue 1641:1646 arg1 TCP 1665:1667 TCP 1665:1667 TCP 1665:1667 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 54 theme tissue 1641:1646 arg1 plastic 1656:1662 tissue culture plastic 1641:1662 tissue culture plastic (TCP) 1641:1668 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 6 55 theme bone 1561:1564 arg1 marrow 1566:1571 bone marrow 1561:1571 bone marrow stromal cells 1561:1585 Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. 26704737 3 56 theme various 633:639 arg1 phosphates 649:658 various calcium phosphates 633:658 various calcium phosphates 633:658 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 56 theme various 633:639 arg1 alginate 608:615 alginate 608:615 alginate 608:615 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 57 theme collagens 618:626 arg1 beads 694:698 culture beads 686:698 culture beads 686:698 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 57 theme collagens 618:626 arg1 combinations 574:585 combinations 574:585 combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates 574:658 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 0 58 with Modification 0:11 arg1 hydroxyapatite 48:61 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 32:61 nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite 32:61 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis. 26704737 10 59 dep © 1736:1736 arg1 Inc. 1762:1765 Inc. 1762:1765 Inc. 1762:1765 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 26704737 5 60 theme proliferation 1335:1347 arg1 rate 1322:1325 the rate 1318:1325 the rate of cell proliferation 1318:1347 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 5 61 theme culture 1213:1219 arg1 beads 1221:1225 the culture beads 1209:1225 the culture beads 1209:1225 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 9 62 dep 1568-1576 1725:1733 arg1 2016 1715:1718 2016 1715:1718 2016 1715:1718 2016;113: 1568-1576. 26704737 3 63 theme calcium 641:647 arg1 phosphates 649:658 various calcium phosphates 633:658 various calcium phosphates 633:658 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 3 63 theme calcium 641:647 arg1 alginate 608:615 alginate 608:615 alginate 608:615 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 1 64 theme calcium 161:167 arg1 phosphates 169:178 calcium phosphates 161:178 calcium phosphates 161:178 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 3 65 theme properties 875:884 arg1 tailoring 851:859 relatively little tailoring 833:859 relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties 833:884 Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. 26704737 2 66 theme number 512:517 arg1 generation 485:494 the generation 481:494 the generation of enough large number of cells 481:526 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 2 67 theme cell 418:421 arg1 expansion 423:431 cell expansion 418:431 cell expansion 418:431 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 5 68 theme cell 1330:1333 arg1 proliferation 1335:1347 cell proliferation 1330:1347 cell proliferation 1330:1347 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26704737 2 69 theme tank 386:389 arg1 culture 391:397 stirred tank culture 378:397 stirred tank culture 378:397 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 0 70 theme cell 75:78 arg1 expansion 80:88 cell expansion 75:88 cell expansion 75:88 Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis. 26704737 1 71 from interest 193:200 arg1 development 209:219 the development 205:219 the development of bone graft replacements 205:246 Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. 26704737 2 72 theme stirred 378:384 arg1 culture 391:397 stirred tank culture 378:397 stirred tank culture 378:397 Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. 26704737 5 73 theme cell 1235:1238 arg1 attachment 1240:1249 cell attachment 1235:1249 cell attachment 1235:1249 It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. 26712768 7 0 theme Laminaran 999:1007 arg1 fractions 1016:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions 999:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions 999:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 5 1 from addition 785:792 arg1 necessary 807:815 necessary 807:815 necessary 807:815 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 2 2 dep considered 331:340 arg1 included 342:349 included 342:349 considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide 331:525 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 6 3 contain had 984:986 arg2 effect 991:996 no effect 988:996 no effect 988:996 Moreover, the type of monosaccharide had no effect. 26712768 6 3 contain had 984:986 arg1 type 961:964 the type 957:964 the type of monosaccharide 957:982 Moreover, the type of monosaccharide had no effect. 26712768 1 4 theme structure-activity 180:197 arg1 relationships 199:211 the structure-activity relationships 176:211 the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway 176:320 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 6 5 theme monosaccharide 969:982 arg1 type 961:964 the type 957:964 the type of monosaccharide 957:982 Moreover, the type of monosaccharide had no effect. 26712768 5 6 contain had 891:893 arg1 linkage 869:875 linkage 869:875 linkage 869:875 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 5 6 contain had 891:893 arg1 pattern 860:866 the sulfate pattern 848:866 the sulfate pattern 848:866 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 5 6 contain had 891:893 arg1 branching 881:889 branching 881:889 branching 881:889 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 5 6 contain had 891:893 arg1 content 839:845 the sulfate content 827:845 the sulfate content 827:845 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 5 6 contain had 891:893 arg2 effect 898:903 no effect 895:903 no effect 895:903 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 2 7 theme molar 405:409 arg1 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 7 theme molar 405:409 arg1 ratio 411:415 molar ratio 405:415 molar ratio of galactose to fucose 405:438 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 1 8 theme classical 304:312 arg1 pathway 314:320 the classical pathway 300:320 the classical pathway 300:320 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 content 467:473 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 ratio 411:415 molar ratio 405:415 molar ratio of galactose to fucose 405:438 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 sulfate 441:447 sulfate 441:447 sulfate 441:447 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 type 504:507 the type 500:507 the type of monosaccharide 500:525 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 linkage 476:482 linkage 476:482 linkage 476:482 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 weight 397:402 molecular weight 387:402 molecular weight 387:402 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 9 theme monosaccharide 512:525 arg1 branching 485:493 branching 485:493 branching 485:493 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 4 10 theme positive 664:671 arg1 ratio 617:621 The molar ratio 607:621 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) 607:656 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 10 theme positive 664:671 arg1 factor 673:678 a positive factor 662:678 a positive factor 662:678 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 11 dep concentration 748:760 arg1 µg/mL 775:779 µg/mL 775:779 µg/mL 775:779 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 7 12 contain had 1026:1028 arg1 fractions 1016:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions 999:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions 999:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 7 12 contain had 1026:1028 arg2 activity 1033:1040 no activity 1030:1040 no activity 1030:1040 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 7 13 theme active 1181:1186 arg1 compositions 1188:1199 the active compositions 1177:1199 the active compositions 1177:1199 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 9 14 theme sulfated 1294:1301 arg1 galactofucan 1303:1314 sulfated galactofucan 1294:1314 sulfated galactofucan 1294:1314 Finally, it was observed that sulfated galactofucan showed good anti-complement activity after separation. 26712768 9 15 theme anti-complement 1328:1342 arg1 activity 1344:1351 good anti-complement activity 1323:1351 good anti-complement activity 1323:1351 Finally, it was observed that sulfated galactofucan showed good anti-complement activity after separation. 26712768 0 16 theme Structure-Activity 4:21 arg1 Relationship 23:34 The Structure-Activity Relationship 0:34 The Structure-Activity Relationship between Marine Algae Polysaccharides and Anti-Complement Activity. 0:101 The Structure-Activity Relationship between Marine Algae Polysaccharides and Anti-Complement Activity. 26712768 3 17 theme molecular 561:569 arg1 weights 571:577 the molecular weights 557:577 the larger the molecular weights 546:577 It was shown that the larger the molecular weights, the better the activities. 26712768 3 18 dep better 584:589 arg1 activities 595:604 the activities 591:604 the better the activities 580:604 It was shown that the larger the molecular weights, the better the activities. 26712768 4 19 dep µg/mL 775:779 arg1 10 772:773 10 772:773 10 772:773 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 20 from concentration 685:697 arg1 ratio 617:621 The molar ratio 607:621 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) 607:656 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 20 from concentration 685:697 arg1 factor 673:678 a positive factor 662:678 a positive factor 662:678 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 8 21 theme methods 1231:1237 arg1 effect 1206:1211 The effect 1202:1211 The effect of the extraction methods 1202:1237 The effect of the extraction methods could not be determined. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 content 467:473 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 ratio 411:415 molar ratio 405:415 molar ratio of galactose to fucose 405:438 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 sulfate 441:447 sulfate 441:447 sulfate 441:447 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 type 504:507 the type 500:507 the type of monosaccharide 500:525 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 linkage 476:482 linkage 476:482 linkage 476:482 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 weight 397:402 molecular weight 387:402 molecular weight 387:402 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 22 theme galactose 420:428 arg1 branching 485:493 branching 485:493 branching 485:493 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 5 23 from necessary 807:815 arg1 addition 785:792 addition 785:792 addition 785:792 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 2 24 theme extraction 351:360 arg1 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 24 theme extraction 351:360 arg1 methods 362:368 extraction methods 351:368 extraction methods 351:368 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 25 theme acid 457:460 arg1 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 25 theme acid 457:460 arg1 content 467:473 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 8 26 theme extraction 1220:1229 arg1 methods 1231:1237 the extraction methods 1216:1237 the extraction methods 1216:1237 The effect of the extraction methods could not be determined. 26712768 4 27 theme lower 699:703 arg1 concentration 685:697 a concentration 683:697 a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL 683:717 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 2 28 theme uronic 450:455 arg1 UA 463:464 UA 463:464 UA 463:464 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 28 theme uronic 450:455 arg1 acid 457:460 uronic acid 450:460 uronic acid (UA) content 450:473 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 0 29 theme Algae 51:55 arg1 Polysaccharides 57:71 Marine Algae Polysaccharides 44:71 Marine Algae Polysaccharides 44:71 The Structure-Activity Relationship between Marine Algae Polysaccharides and Anti-Complement Activity. 26712768 1 30 from activity 288:295 arg1 pathway 314:320 the classical pathway 300:320 the classical pathway 300:320 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 9 31 theme good 1323:1326 arg1 activity 1344:1351 good anti-complement activity 1323:1351 good anti-complement activity 1323:1351 Finally, it was observed that sulfated galactofucan showed good anti-complement activity after separation. 26712768 0 32 theme Marine 44:49 arg1 Polysaccharides 57:71 Marine Algae Polysaccharides 44:71 Marine Algae Polysaccharides 44:71 The Structure-Activity Relationship between Marine Algae Polysaccharides and Anti-Complement Activity. 26712768 1 33 theme marine 254:259 arg1 algae 261:265 marine algae 254:265 marine algae 254:265 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 7 34 theme UA 1013:1014 arg1 fractions 1016:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions 999:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions 999:1024 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 1 35 theme different 121:129 arg1 polysaccharides 131:145 33 different polysaccharides 118:145 33 different polysaccharides 118:145 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 2 36 theme molecular 387:395 arg1 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 fractionations 371:384 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 2 36 theme molecular 387:395 arg1 weight 397:402 molecular weight 387:402 molecular weight 387:402 Factors considered included extraction methods, fractionations, molecular weight, molar ratio of galactose to fucose, sulfate, uronic acid (UA) content, linkage, branching, and the type of monosaccharide. 26712768 1 37 from algae 261:265 arg1 polysaccharides 225:239 the polysaccharides 221:239 the polysaccharides 221:239 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 1 37 from algae 261:265 arg1 activity 288:295 anti-complement activity 272:295 anti-complement activity in the classical pathway 272:320 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 5 38 theme sulfate 831:837 arg1 content 839:845 the sulfate content 827:845 the sulfate content 827:845 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 5 39 theme sulfate 852:858 arg1 pattern 860:866 the sulfate pattern 848:866 the sulfate pattern 848:866 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 5 40 theme µg/mL 940:944 arg1 concentration 910:922 a concentration 908:922 a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL 908:944 In addition, sulfate was necessary; however, the sulfate content, the sulfate pattern, linkage and branching had no effect at a concentration of more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 7 41 theme composition 1139:1149 arg1 concentration 1111:1123 the effective concentration 1097:1123 the effective concentration of the active composition 1097:1149 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 7 42 theme active 1132:1137 arg1 composition 1139:1149 the active composition 1128:1149 the active composition 1128:1149 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 4 43 theme galactose 626:634 arg1 ratio 617:621 The molar ratio 607:621 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) 607:656 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 43 theme galactose 626:634 arg1 factor 673:678 a positive factor 662:678 a positive factor 662:678 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 1 44 from polysaccharides 225:239 arg1 pathway 314:320 the classical pathway 300:320 the classical pathway 300:320 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 26712768 3 45 dep larger 550:555 arg1 weights 571:577 the molecular weights 557:577 the larger the molecular weights 546:577 It was shown that the larger the molecular weights, the better the activities. 26712768 4 46 theme molar 611:615 arg1 ratio 617:621 The molar ratio 607:621 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) 607:656 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 46 theme molar 611:615 arg1 factor 673:678 a positive factor 662:678 a positive factor 662:678 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 0 47 theme Anti-Complement 77:91 arg1 Activity 93:100 Anti-Complement Activity 77:100 Anti-Complement Activity 77:100 The Structure-Activity Relationship between Marine Algae Polysaccharides and Anti-Complement Activity. 26712768 4 48 contain had 729:731 arg1 it 726:727 it 726:727 it 726:727 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 4 48 contain had 729:731 arg2 effect 736:741 no effect 733:741 no effect 733:741 The molar ratio of galactose (Gal) to fucose (Fuc) was a positive factor at a concentration lower than 10 µg/mL, while it had no effect at a concentration more than 10 µg/mL. 26712768 7 49 theme effective 1101:1109 arg1 concentration 1111:1123 the effective concentration 1097:1123 the effective concentration of the active composition 1097:1149 Laminaran and UA fractions had no activity; however, they could reduce the activity by decreasing the effective concentration of the active composition when they were mixed with the active compositions. 26712768 1 50 theme anti-complement 272:286 arg1 activity 288:295 anti-complement activity 272:295 anti-complement activity in the classical pathway 272:320 In this study, 33 different polysaccharides were prepared to investigate the structure-activity relationships between the polysaccharides, mainly from marine algae, and anti-complement activity in the classical pathway. 24905550 4 0 theme % 514:514 arg1 excess 496:501 an enantiomeric excess 480:501 an enantiomeric excess of up to 80% 480:514 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction were moderate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 80%. 24905550 1 1 theme glycosyl 158:165 arg1 scaffolds 190:198 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 158:198 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 158:198 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 2 2 theme one-pot 288:294 arg1 reaction 334:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 They were synthesised in high yields by a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction. 24905550 1 3 contain containing 147:156 arg1 ureas 141:145 Chiral ureas 134:145 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 134:198 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 1 3 contain containing 147:156 arg1 organocatalyst 230:243 an effective organocatalyst 217:243 an effective organocatalyst 217:243 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 1 3 contain containing 147:156 arg2 scaffolds 190:198 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 158:198 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 158:198 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 0 4 contain containing 10:19 arg2 scaffolds 53:61 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 21:61 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 21:61 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 0 4 contain containing 10:19 arg1 ureas 4:8 New ureas 0:8 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 0:132 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 1 5 theme diphenylphosphinyl 171:188 arg1 scaffolds 190:198 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 158:198 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 158:198 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 0 6 dep first 82:86 arg1 attempts 88:95 attempts 88:95 attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis 88:131 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 0 7 theme New 0:2 arg1 ureas 4:8 New ureas 0:8 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 0:132 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 4 8 dep 80 512:513 arg1 to 509:510 to 509:510 to 509:510 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction were moderate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 80%. 24905550 2 9 theme coupling 325:332 arg1 reaction 334:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 They were synthesised in high yields by a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction. 24905550 3 10 theme asymmetric 380:389 arg1 synthesis 391:399 asymmetric synthesis 380:399 asymmetric synthesis 380:399 The first attempts of using them in asymmetric synthesis are presented. 24905550 0 11 theme asymmetric 112:121 arg1 synthesis 123:131 asymmetric synthesis 112:131 asymmetric synthesis 112:131 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 2 12 theme Staudinger/aza-Wittig 303:323 arg1 reaction 334:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 They were synthesised in high yields by a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction. 24905550 4 13 with moderate 466:473 arg1 excess 496:501 an enantiomeric excess 480:501 an enantiomeric excess of up to 80% 480:514 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction were moderate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 80%. 24905550 2 14 theme tandem 296:301 arg1 reaction 334:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction 286:341 They were synthesised in high yields by a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction. 24905550 0 15 theme diphenylphosphinyl 34:51 arg1 scaffolds 53:61 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 21:61 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 21:61 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 0 16 theme glycosyl 21:28 arg1 scaffolds 53:61 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 21:61 glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 21:61 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 4 17 theme enantiomeric 483:494 arg1 excess 496:501 an enantiomeric excess 480:501 an enantiomeric excess of up to 80% 480:514 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction were moderate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 80%. 24905550 4 18 theme reaction 452:459 arg1 Yields 416:421 Yields 416:421 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction 416:459 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction were moderate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 80%. 24905550 4 19 theme Morita-Baylis-Hillman 430:450 arg1 reaction 452:459 the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction 426:459 the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction 426:459 Yields of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction were moderate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 80%. 24905550 2 20 theme high 271:274 arg1 yields 276:281 high yields 271:281 high yields 271:281 They were synthesised in high yields by a one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig coupling reaction. 24905550 1 21 theme effective 220:228 arg1 ureas 141:145 Chiral ureas 134:145 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 134:198 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 1 21 theme effective 220:228 arg1 organocatalyst 230:243 an effective organocatalyst 217:243 an effective organocatalyst 217:243 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 3 22 theme first 348:352 arg1 attempts 354:361 The first attempts 344:361 The first attempts of using them in asymmetric synthesis 344:399 The first attempts of using them in asymmetric synthesis are presented. 24905550 0 23 dep ureas 4:8 arg1 synthesis 64:72 synthesis 64:72 synthesis 64:72 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 0 23 dep ureas 4:8 arg1 first 82:86 first 82:86 first 82:86 New ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds: synthesis and the first attempts to use them in asymmetric synthesis. 24905550 1 24 theme Chiral 134:139 arg1 ureas 141:145 Chiral ureas 134:145 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds 134:198 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 24905550 1 24 theme Chiral 134:139 arg1 organocatalyst 230:243 an effective organocatalyst 217:243 an effective organocatalyst 217:243 Chiral ureas containing glycosyl and diphenylphosphinyl scaffolds were found to be an effective organocatalyst. 26658920 4 0 theme paracrystalline 1077:1091 arg1 cellulose 1093:1101 only paracrystalline cellulose 1072:1101 only paracrystalline cellulose 1072:1101 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 3 1 theme regions 704:710 arg1 creation 692:699 the creation 688:699 the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange 688:822 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 5 2 theme intertwined 1229:1239 arg1 ribbons 1241:1247 intertwined ribbons 1229:1247 intertwined ribbons 1229:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 3 3 theme scattering 744:753 arg1 density 762:768 neutron scattering length density 736:768 neutron scattering length density 736:768 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 1 4 theme composites 270:279 arg1 structure 217:225 the structure 213:225 the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof 213:287 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 4 5 theme core-shell 858:867 arg1 formalism 869:877 a core-shell formalism 856:877 a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water 856:1111 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 5 6 theme cellulose 1432:1440 arg1 hydrogels 1442:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 4 7 theme impermeable 946:956 arg1 crystallites 958:969 impermeable crystallites 946:969 impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water 946:1111 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 3 8 theme density 762:768 arg1 values 726:731 distinct values 717:731 distinct values 717:731 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 3 9 theme scattering 562:571 arg1 profiles 573:580 the neutron scattering profiles 550:580 the neutron scattering profiles 550:580 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 6 10 theme xyloglucan 1560:1569 arg1 mechanisms 1529:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms 1508:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan 1508:1569 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 2 11 theme solid 443:447 arg1 systems 459:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 2 11 theme solid 443:447 arg1 ribbons 431:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 6 12 theme cellulose 1728:1736 arg1 process 1717:1723 the biosynthesis process 1700:1723 the biosynthesis process of cellulose 1700:1736 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 1 13 theme angle 148:152 arg1 scattering 162:171 Small angle neutron scattering 142:171 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) 142:178 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 13 theme angle 148:152 arg1 SANS 174:177 SANS 174:177 SANS 174:177 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 4 14 theme cellulose 1014:1022 arg1 network 987:993 a network 985:993 a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water 985:1046 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 14 theme cellulose 1014:1022 arg1 shell 1055:1059 a shell 1053:1059 a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose 1053:1101 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 14 theme cellulose 1014:1022 arg1 water 1107:1111 water 1107:1111 water 1107:1111 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 3 15 theme H2O/D2O 807:813 arg1 exchange 815:822 H2O/D2O exchange 807:822 H2O/D2O exchange 807:822 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 0 16 theme cell 69:72 arg1 wall 74:77 composite plant cell wall 53:77 composite plant cell wall 53:77 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 3 17 theme cellulose 625:633 arg1 microfibrils 635:646 cellulose microfibrils 625:646 cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons 625:675 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 5 18 theme polydisperse 1282:1293 arg1 radius 1295:1300 polydisperse radius 1282:1300 polydisperse radius 1282:1300 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 0 19 theme polysaccharide 79:92 arg1 hydrogels 94:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 6 20 theme biosynthesis 1704:1715 arg1 process 1717:1723 the biosynthesis process 1700:1723 the biosynthesis process of cellulose 1700:1736 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 2 21 theme cellulose 528:536 arg1 data 505:508 the SANS data 496:508 the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose 496:536 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 5 22 theme fitting 1129:1135 arg1 function 1137:1144 a fitting function 1127:1144 a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons 1127:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 5 22 theme fitting 1129:1135 arg1 cylinder 1268:1275 plus a core-shell cylinder 1250:1275 cylinder 1268:1275 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 6 23 from role 1647:1650 arg1 process 1717:1723 the biosynthesis process 1700:1723 the biosynthesis process of cellulose 1700:1736 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 2 24 theme pure 513:516 arg1 cellulose 528:536 pure bacterial cellulose 513:536 pure bacterial cellulose 513:536 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 1 25 dep polysaccharides 315:329 arg1 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 25 dep polysaccharides 315:329 arg1 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 25 dep polysaccharides 315:329 arg1 polysaccharides 315:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides 295:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan) 295:359 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 0 26 theme angle 116:120 arg1 scattering 130:139 small angle neutron scattering 110:139 small angle neutron scattering 110:139 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 6 27 theme wall 1676:1679 arg1 polysaccharides 1681:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 5 28 theme SANS 1371:1374 arg1 data 1395:1398 all SANS contrast variation data 1367:1398 all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1367:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 0 29 theme Hierarchical 0:11 arg1 architecture 13:24 Hierarchical architecture 0:24 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 0:102 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 6 30 theme plant 1665:1669 arg1 polysaccharides 1681:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 4 31 theme only 1072:1075 arg1 cellulose 1093:1101 only paracrystalline cellulose 1072:1101 only paracrystalline cellulose 1072:1101 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 5 32 theme scale 1210:1214 arg1 structure 1216:1224 the large scale structure 1200:1224 the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons 1200:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 4 33 contain containing 935:944 arg1 core 930:933 a core 928:933 a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water 928:1111 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 33 contain containing 935:944 arg2 crystallites 958:969 impermeable crystallites 946:969 impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water 946:1111 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 34 theme water 1042:1046 arg1 network 987:993 a network 985:993 a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water 985:1046 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 34 theme water 1042:1046 arg1 shell 1055:1059 a shell 1053:1059 a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose 1053:1101 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 34 theme water 1042:1046 arg1 water 1107:1111 water 1107:1111 water 1107:1111 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 2 35 theme bacterial 411:419 arg1 systems 459:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 2 35 theme bacterial 411:419 arg1 ribbons 431:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 0 36 theme cellulose 39:47 arg1 hydrogels 94:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 1 37 theme plant 299:303 arg1 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 37 theme plant 299:303 arg1 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 37 theme plant 299:303 arg1 polysaccharides 315:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides 295:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan) 295:359 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 5 38 theme term 1180:1183 arg1 sum 1161:1163 the sum 1157:1163 the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons 1157:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 4 39 theme paracrystalline 998:1012 arg1 cellulose 1014:1022 paracrystalline cellulose 998:1022 paracrystalline cellulose 998:1022 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 0 40 theme composite 53:61 arg1 wall 74:77 composite plant cell wall 53:77 composite plant cell wall 53:77 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 1 41 theme wall 310:313 arg1 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 41 theme wall 310:313 arg1 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 41 theme wall 310:313 arg1 polysaccharides 315:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides 295:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan) 295:359 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 5 42 theme bacterial 1422:1430 arg1 hydrogels 1442:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 5 43 with cylinder 1268:1275 arg1 radius 1295:1300 polydisperse radius 1282:1300 polydisperse radius 1282:1300 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 2 44 theme published 375:383 arg1 models 385:390 Conventional published models 362:390 Conventional published models 362:390 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 6 45 theme interaction 1517:1527 arg1 mechanisms 1529:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms 1508:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan 1508:1569 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 5 46 theme core-shell 1257:1266 arg1 function 1137:1144 a fitting function 1127:1144 a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons 1127:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 5 46 theme core-shell 1257:1266 arg1 cylinder 1268:1275 plus a core-shell cylinder 1250:1275 cylinder 1268:1275 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 1 47 theme hydrogels 255:263 arg1 structure 217:225 the structure 213:225 the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof 213:287 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 6 48 theme fitting 1480:1486 arg1 parameters 1488:1497 the resultant fitting parameters 1466:1497 the resultant fitting parameters 1466:1497 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 5 49 theme ribbons 1241:1247 arg1 structure 1216:1224 the large scale structure 1200:1224 the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons 1200:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 4 50 theme cellulose 898:906 arg1 ribbons 908:914 the cellulose ribbons 894:914 the cellulose ribbons 894:914 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 3 51 theme length 755:760 arg1 density 762:768 neutron scattering length density 736:768 neutron scattering length density 736:768 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 4 52 contain containing 1061:1070 arg1 network 987:993 a network 985:993 a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water 985:1046 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 52 contain containing 1061:1070 arg1 shell 1055:1059 a shell 1053:1059 a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose 1053:1101 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 4 52 contain containing 1061:1070 arg2 cellulose 1093:1101 only paracrystalline cellulose 1072:1101 only paracrystalline cellulose 1072:1101 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 3 53 theme neutron 736:742 arg1 scattering 744:753 neutron scattering 736:753 neutron scattering length density 736:768 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 5 54 theme hydrogels 1442:1450 arg1 data 1395:1398 all SANS contrast variation data 1367:1398 all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1367:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 3 55 theme profiles 573:580 arg1 Fitting 539:545 Fitting 539:545 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles 539:580 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 3 56 theme neutron 554:560 arg1 scattering 562:571 the neutron scattering 550:571 the neutron scattering profiles 550:580 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 3 57 theme microfibrils 635:646 arg1 sub-structure 608:620 the sub-structure 604:620 the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons 604:675 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 1 58 theme Small 142:146 arg1 scattering 162:171 Small angle neutron scattering 142:171 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) 142:178 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 58 theme Small 142:146 arg1 SANS 174:177 SANS 174:177 SANS 174:177 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 0 59 theme wall 74:77 arg1 hydrogels 94:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 6 60 theme approach 1619:1626 arg1 potential 1601:1609 the potential 1597:1609 the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose 1597:1736 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 1 61 theme neutron 154:160 arg1 scattering 162:171 Small angle neutron scattering 142:171 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) 142:178 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 61 theme neutron 154:160 arg1 SANS 174:177 SANS 174:177 SANS 174:177 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 2 62 theme SANS 500:503 arg1 data 505:508 the SANS data 496:508 the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose 496:536 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 0 63 theme hydrogels 94:102 arg1 architecture 13:24 Hierarchical architecture 0:24 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 0:102 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 0 64 theme small 110:114 arg1 scattering 130:139 small angle neutron scattering 110:139 small angle neutron scattering 110:139 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 5 65 theme power-law 1170:1178 arg1 term 1180:1183 a power-law term 1168:1183 a power-law term 1168:1183 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 2 66 theme bacterial 518:526 arg1 cellulose 528:536 pure bacterial cellulose 513:536 pure bacterial cellulose 513:536 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 0 67 theme neutron 122:128 arg1 scattering 130:139 small angle neutron scattering 110:139 small angle neutron scattering 110:139 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 6 68 theme polysaccharides 1681:1695 arg1 role 1647:1650 the role 1643:1650 the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose 1643:1736 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 6 69 theme resultant 1470:1478 arg1 parameters 1488:1497 the resultant fitting parameters 1466:1497 the resultant fitting parameters 1466:1497 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 6 70 theme cell 1671:1674 arg1 polysaccharides 1681:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 2 71 theme one-phase 449:457 arg1 systems 459:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 2 71 theme one-phase 449:457 arg1 ribbons 431:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 0 72 theme bacterial 29:37 arg1 hydrogels 94:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels 29:102 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 5 73 theme large 1204:1208 arg1 structure 1216:1224 the large scale structure 1200:1224 the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons 1200:1247 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 6 74 theme different 1655:1663 arg1 polysaccharides 1681:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 1655:1695 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 5 75 theme variation 1385:1393 arg1 data 1395:1398 all SANS contrast variation data 1367:1398 all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1367:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 2 76 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 systems 459:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 solid one-phase systems 443:465 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 2 76 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 ribbons 431:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 bacterial cellulose ribbons 411:437 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 4 77 theme bound 1036:1040 arg1 water 1042:1046 tightly bound water 1028:1046 tightly bound water 1028:1046 This may be represented within a core-shell formalism that considers the cellulose ribbons to comprise a core containing impermeable crystallites surrounded by a network of paracrystalline cellulose and tightly bound water, and a shell containing only paracrystalline cellulose and water. 26658920 1 78 theme bacterial 235:243 arg1 hydrogels 255:263 pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels 230:263 pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels 230:263 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 5 79 theme pure 1403:1406 arg1 hydrogels 1442:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 0 80 theme plant 63:67 arg1 wall 74:77 composite plant cell wall 53:77 composite plant cell wall 53:77 Hierarchical architecture of bacterial cellulose and composite plant cell wall polysaccharide hydrogels using small angle neutron scattering. 26658920 1 81 theme cell 305:308 arg1 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 xyloglucan 349:358 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 81 theme cell 305:308 arg1 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 arabinoxylan 332:343 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 1 81 theme cell 305:308 arg1 polysaccharides 315:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides 295:329 two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan) 295:359 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 5 82 theme composite 1412:1420 arg1 hydrogels 1442:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1403:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 6 83 theme arabinoxylan 1543:1554 arg1 mechanisms 1529:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms 1508:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan 1508:1569 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 5 84 theme contrast 1376:1383 arg1 data 1395:1398 all SANS contrast variation data 1367:1398 all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels 1367:1450 Accordingly, a fitting function comprising the sum of a power-law term to account for the large scale structure of intertwined ribbons, plus a core-shell cylinder with polydisperse radius, has been applied; it is demonstrated to simultaneously describe all SANS contrast variation data of pure and composite bacterial cellulose hydrogels. 26658920 1 85 theme pure 230:233 arg1 hydrogels 255:263 pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels 230:263 pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels 230:263 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 26658920 6 86 theme distinct 1508:1515 arg1 mechanisms 1529:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms 1508:1538 distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan 1508:1569 In addition, the resultant fitting parameters indicate distinct interaction mechanisms of arabinoxylan and xyloglucan with cellulose, revealing the potential of this approach to investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides on the biosynthesis process of cellulose. 26658920 3 87 theme distinct 717:724 arg1 values 726:731 distinct values 717:731 distinct values 717:731 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 2 88 theme Conventional 362:373 arg1 models 385:390 Conventional published models 362:390 Conventional published models 362:390 Conventional published models, which assume that bacterial cellulose ribbons are solid one-phase systems, fail to adequately describe the SANS data of pure bacterial cellulose. 26658920 3 89 with regions 704:710 arg1 values 726:731 distinct values 717:731 distinct values 717:731 Fitting of the neutron scattering profiles instead suggests that the sub-structure of cellulose microfibrils contained within the ribbons results in the creation of regions with distinct values of neutron scattering length density, when the hydrogels are subjected to H2O/D2O exchange. 26658920 1 90 theme cellulose 245:253 arg1 hydrogels 255:263 pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels 230:263 pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels 230:263 Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been applied to characterise the structure of pure bacterial cellulose hydrogels, and composites thereof, with two plant cell wall polysaccharides (arabinoxylan and xyloglucan). 25015043 2 0 theme Leptopsammia 513:524 arg1 corals 543:548 Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals 486:548 corals 543:548 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 0 1 from study 27:31 arg1 matrices 59:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices 36:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals 36:92 Analytical pyrolysis-based study on intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals. 25015043 2 2 from diverse 435:441 arg1 form 453:456 growth form 446:456 growth form 446:456 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 2 from diverse 435:441 arg1 strategy 470:477 trophic strategy 462:477 trophic strategy 462:477 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 7 3 theme markers 1303:1309 arg1 presence 1270:1277 The presence 1266:1277 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers 1266:1309 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 5 4 theme amino 1136:1140 arg1 compositions 1149:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 9 5 theme coral 1590:1594 arg1 ecology 1596:1602 coral ecology 1590:1602 coral ecology 1590:1602 Again, no correlation was observed in relation to coral ecology. 25015043 1 6 theme matrix 366:371 arg1 characterization 319:334 the characterization 315:334 the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals 315:422 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 5 7 theme OM 1128:1129 arg1 compositions 1149:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 4 8 theme quantitative 906:917 arg1 distribution 919:930 Their quantitative distribution 900:930 Their quantitative distribution 900:930 Their quantitative distribution showed for all the species a low protein content with respect to lipids and polysaccharides. 25015043 5 9 theme mean 1131:1134 arg1 compositions 1149:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 10 10 theme units 1783:1787 arg1 it 1723:1724 it 1723:1724 it 1723:1724 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 10 10 theme units 1783:1787 arg1 organization 1742:1753 the textural organization 1729:1753 the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units 1729:1787 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 4 11 theme protein 965:971 arg1 content 973:979 a low protein content 959:979 a low protein content with respect to lipids and polysaccharides 959:1022 Their quantitative distribution showed for all the species a low protein content with respect to lipids and polysaccharides. 25015043 8 12 theme model 1509:1513 arg1 dipeptides 1528:1537 model polar linear dipeptides 1509:1537 model polar linear dipeptides 1509:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 6 13 theme coral 1247:1251 arg1 form 1260:1263 coral growth form 1247:1263 coral growth form 1247:1263 The small compositional diversity across coral species was tentatively related with coral growth form. 25015043 3 14 theme polysaccharide 852:865 arg1 lipid 744:748 lipid 744:748 lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols) 744:802 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 14 theme polysaccharide 852:865 arg1 precursors 888:897 protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors 805:897 precursors 888:897 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 14 theme polysaccharide 852:865 arg1 anhydrosugars 873:885 anhydrosugars 873:885 anhydrosugars 873:885 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 15 theme fatty 769:773 arg1 acids 762:766 fatty acids 756:766 fatty acids 756:766 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 15 theme fatty 769:773 arg1 alcohols 775:782 fatty alcohols 769:782 fatty alcohols 769:782 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 2 16 contain having 566:571 arg2 corals 646:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 16 contain having 566:571 arg1 europaea 500:507 Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals 486:548 europaea 500:507 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 16 contain having 566:571 arg2 first 663:667 first 663:667 first 663:667 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 16 contain having 566:571 arg1 first 560:564 first 560:564 first 560:564 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 11 17 theme similar 1860:1866 arg1 macromolecules 1868:1881 similar macromolecules 1860:1881 similar macromolecules 1860:1881 Therefore, they suggest that coral’s biomineralization is governed by similar macromolecules, and probably mechanisms, independently from their ecology. 25015043 2 18 from strategy 470:477 arg1 diverse 435:441 diverse 435:441 diverse 435:441 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 7 19 with link 1334:1337 arg1 tissues 1360:1366 other calcified tissues 1344:1366 other calcified tissues containing chitin 1344:1384 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 8 20 theme novel 1439:1443 arg1 markers 1449:1455 novel DKP markers 1439:1455 novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides 1439:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 10 21 theme textural 1733:1740 arg1 it 1723:1724 it 1723:1724 it 1723:1724 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 10 21 theme textural 1733:1740 arg1 organization 1742:1753 the textural organization 1729:1753 the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units 1729:1787 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 7 22 contain containing 1368:1377 arg1 tissues 1360:1366 other calcified tissues 1344:1366 other calcified tissues containing chitin 1344:1384 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 7 22 contain containing 1368:1377 arg2 chitin 1379:1384 chitin 1379:1384 chitin 1379:1384 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 1 23 theme Off-line 95:102 arg1 pyrolysis 115:123 Off-line analytical pyrolysis 95:123 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis 95:279 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 2 24 with first 663:667 arg1 zooxanthelle 674:685 zooxanthelle 674:685 zooxanthelle 674:685 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 10 25 theme bulk 1648:1651 arg1 structure 1653:1661 bulk structure 1648:1661 bulk structure 1648:1661 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 2 26 theme trophic 462:468 arg1 strategy 470:477 trophic strategy 462:477 trophic strategy 462:477 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 3 27 dep 2,5-diketopiperazines 819:839 arg1 e.g. 814:817 e.g. 814:817 e.g. 814:817 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 28 dep lipid 744:748 arg1 monoacylglicerols 785:801 monoacylglicerols 785:801 monoacylglicerols 785:801 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 28 dep lipid 744:748 arg1 acids 762:766 fatty acids 756:766 fatty acids 756:766 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 28 dep lipid 744:748 arg1 alcohols 775:782 fatty alcohols 769:782 fatty alcohols 769:782 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 1 29 theme analytical 104:113 arg1 pyrolysis 115:123 Off-line analytical pyrolysis 95:123 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis 95:279 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 5 30 theme acidic 1142:1147 arg1 compositions 1149:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 OM mean amino acidic compositions 1128:1160 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 10 31 theme studied 1692:1698 arg1 corals 1700:1705 studied corals 1692:1705 studied corals 1692:1705 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 1 32 theme first 301:305 arg1 time 307:310 the first time 297:310 the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals 297:422 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 9 33 located observed 1566:1573 arg1 relation 1578:1585 relation 1578:1585 relation to coral ecology 1578:1602 Again, no correlation was observed in relation to coral ecology. 25015043 9 33 located observed 1566:1573 arg2 correlation 1550:1560 no correlation 1547:1560 no correlation 1547:1560 Again, no correlation was observed in relation to coral ecology. 25015043 10 34 theme analytical 1611:1620 arg1 results 1622:1628 These analytical results 1605:1628 These analytical results 1605:1628 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 8 35 theme DKP 1445:1447 arg1 markers 1449:1455 novel DKP markers 1439:1455 novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides 1439:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 5 36 theme principal 1054:1062 arg1 PCA 1084:1086 PCA 1084:1086 PCA 1084:1086 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 5 36 theme principal 1054:1062 arg1 analysis 1074:1081 principal component analysis 1054:1081 principal component analysis (PCA) 1054:1087 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 2 37 theme caespitosa 600:609 arg1 first 663:667 first 663:667 first 663:667 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 37 theme caespitosa 600:609 arg1 corals 646:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 6 38 theme coral 1204:1208 arg1 species 1210:1216 coral species 1204:1216 coral species 1204:1216 The small compositional diversity across coral species was tentatively related with coral growth form. 25015043 2 39 from form 453:456 arg1 diverse 435:441 diverse 435:441 diverse 435:441 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 10 40 theme skeleton 1762:1769 arg1 units 1783:1787 the skeleton mineralized units 1758:1787 the skeleton mineralized units 1758:1787 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 2 41 theme growth 446:451 arg1 form 453:456 growth form 446:456 growth form 446:456 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 4 42 theme low 961:963 arg1 content 973:979 a low protein content 959:979 a low protein content with respect to lipids and polysaccharides 959:1022 Their quantitative distribution showed for all the species a low protein content with respect to lipids and polysaccharides. 25015043 1 43 theme Mediterranean 398:410 arg1 corals 417:422 four Mediterranean hard corals 393:422 four Mediterranean hard corals 393:422 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 8 44 theme dipeptides 1528:1537 arg1 pyrolysis 1496:1504 analytical pyrolysis 1485:1504 analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides 1485:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 0 45 theme organic 51:57 arg1 matrices 59:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices 36:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals 36:92 Analytical pyrolysis-based study on intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals. 25015043 6 46 theme compositional 1173:1185 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 The small compositional diversity 1163:1195 The small compositional diversity across coral species 1163:1216 The small compositional diversity across coral species was tentatively related with coral growth form. 25015043 1 47 theme hard 412:415 arg1 corals 417:422 four Mediterranean hard corals 393:422 four Mediterranean hard corals 393:422 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 8 48 theme analytical 1485:1494 arg1 pyrolysis 1496:1504 analytical pyrolysis 1485:1504 analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides 1485:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 6 49 theme growth 1253:1258 arg1 form 1260:1263 coral growth form 1247:1263 coral growth form 1247:1263 The small compositional diversity across coral species was tentatively related with coral growth form. 25015043 1 50 theme infrared 235:242 arg1 spectroscopy 244:255 infrared spectroscopy 235:255 infrared spectroscopy 235:255 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 0 51 theme intra-skeletal 36:49 arg1 matrices 59:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices 36:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals 36:92 Analytical pyrolysis-based study on intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals. 25015043 3 52 dep acids 762:766 arg1 e.g. 751:754 e.g. 751:754 e.g. 751:754 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 2 53 theme Balanophyllia 486:498 arg1 first 560:564 first 560:564 first 560:564 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 53 theme Balanophyllia 486:498 arg1 europaea 500:507 Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals 486:548 europaea 500:507 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 0 54 from corals 87:92 arg1 matrices 59:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices 36:66 intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals 36:92 Analytical pyrolysis-based study on intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals. 25015043 11 55 theme coral’s 1819:1825 arg1 biomineralization 1827:1843 coral’s biomineralization 1819:1843 coral’s biomineralization 1819:1843 Therefore, they suggest that coral’s biomineralization is governed by similar macromolecules, and probably mechanisms, independently from their ecology. 25015043 10 56 dep structure 1653:1661 arg1 the 1644:1646 the 1644:1646 the 1644:1646 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 2 57 theme pruvoti—solitary 526:541 arg1 corals 543:548 Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals 486:548 corals 543:548 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 1 58 theme gas 139:141 arg1 spectroscopy 163:174 gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy 139:174 gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) 139:182 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 1 58 theme gas 139:141 arg1 GC–MS 177:181 GC–MS 177:181 GC–MS 177:181 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 2 59 theme calycularis—colonial 625:644 arg1 first 663:667 first 663:667 first 663:667 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 59 theme calycularis—colonial 625:644 arg1 corals 646:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 8 60 theme linear 1521:1526 arg1 dipeptides 1528:1537 model polar linear dipeptides 1509:1537 model polar linear dipeptides 1509:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 7 61 theme other 1344:1348 arg1 tissues 1360:1366 other calcified tissues 1344:1366 other calcified tissues containing chitin 1344:1384 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 1 62 theme chromatography–mass 143:161 arg1 spectroscopy 163:174 gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy 139:174 gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) 139:182 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 1 62 theme chromatography–mass 143:161 arg1 GC–MS 177:181 GC–MS 177:181 GC–MS 177:181 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 10 63 theme OMs 1682:1684 arg1 composition 1667:1677 composition 1667:1677 composition 1667:1677 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 10 63 theme OMs 1682:1684 arg1 structure 1653:1661 bulk structure 1648:1661 bulk structure 1648:1661 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 1 64 theme intra-skeletal 343:356 arg1 OM 374:375 OM 374:375 OM 374:375 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 1 64 theme intra-skeletal 343:356 arg1 matrix 366:371 the intra-skeletal organic matrix 339:371 the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals 339:422 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 2 65 theme Astroides 615:623 arg1 first 663:667 first 663:667 first 663:667 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 2 65 theme Astroides 615:623 arg1 corals 646:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals 573:651 They were diverse in growth form and trophic strategy namely Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti—solitary corals, only the first having zooxanthelle—and Cladocora caespitosa and Astroides calycularis—colonial corals, only the first with zooxanthelle. 25015043 5 66 theme clustering 1093:1102 arg1 analysis 1104:1111 clustering analysis 1093:1111 clustering analysis 1093:1111 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 8 67 theme polar 1515:1519 arg1 dipeptides 1528:1537 model polar linear dipeptides 1509:1537 model polar linear dipeptides 1509:1537 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 6 68 theme small 1167:1171 arg1 diversity 1187:1195 The small compositional diversity 1163:1195 The small compositional diversity across coral species 1163:1216 The small compositional diversity across coral species was tentatively related with coral growth form. 25015043 5 69 theme chemometric 1027:1037 arg1 approach 1039:1046 A chemometric approach 1025:1046 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis 1025:1111 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 7 70 theme calcified 1350:1358 arg1 tissues 1360:1366 other calcified tissues 1344:1366 other calcified tissues containing chitin 1344:1384 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 3 71 theme Pyrolysis 688:696 arg1 products 698:705 Pyrolysis products 688:705 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM 688:721 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 10 72 theme mineralized 1771:1781 arg1 units 1783:1787 the skeleton mineralized units 1758:1787 the skeleton mineralized units 1758:1787 These analytical results revealed that the bulk structure and composition of OMs among studied corals are similar, as it is the textural organization of the skeleton mineralized units. 25015043 1 73 theme amino 261:265 arg1 analysis 272:279 amino acid analysis 261:279 amino acid analysis 261:279 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 7 74 theme N-acetyl 1282:1289 arg1 markers 1303:1309 N-acetyl glucosamine markers 1282:1309 N-acetyl glucosamine markers 1282:1309 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 3 75 dep anhydrosugars 873:885 arg1 e.g. 868:871 e.g. 868:871 e.g. 868:871 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 1 76 dep along 224:228 arg1 with 230:233 with 230:233 with 230:233 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 8 77 theme protein 1391:1397 arg1 fraction 1399:1406 The protein fraction 1387:1406 The protein fraction 1387:1406 The protein fraction was further investigated using novel DKP markers tentatively identified from analytical pyrolysis of model polar linear dipeptides. 25015043 7 78 theme glucosamine 1291:1301 arg1 markers 1303:1309 N-acetyl glucosamine markers 1282:1309 N-acetyl glucosamine markers 1282:1309 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 25015043 1 79 theme acid 267:270 arg1 analysis 272:279 amino acid analysis 261:279 amino acid analysis 261:279 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 0 80 theme Mediterranean 73:85 arg1 corals 87:92 Mediterranean corals 73:92 Mediterranean corals 73:92 Analytical pyrolysis-based study on intra-skeletal organic matrices from Mediterranean corals. 25015043 1 81 theme organic 358:364 arg1 OM 374:375 OM 374:375 OM 374:375 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 1 81 theme organic 358:364 arg1 matrix 366:371 the intra-skeletal organic matrix 339:371 the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals 339:422 Off-line analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), directly or after trimethylsilylation, along with infrared spectroscopy and amino acid analysis was applied for the first time to the characterization of the intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) extracted from four Mediterranean hard corals. 25015043 5 82 theme component 1064:1072 arg1 PCA 1084:1086 PCA 1084:1086 PCA 1084:1086 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 5 82 theme component 1064:1072 arg1 analysis 1074:1081 principal component analysis 1054:1081 principal component analysis (PCA) 1054:1087 A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis was applied on OM mean amino acidic compositions. 25015043 3 83 theme fatty 756:760 arg1 monoacylglicerols 785:801 monoacylglicerols 785:801 monoacylglicerols 785:801 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 83 theme fatty 756:760 arg1 acids 762:766 fatty acids 756:766 fatty acids 756:766 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 3 83 theme fatty 756:760 arg1 alcohols 775:782 fatty alcohols 769:782 fatty alcohols 769:782 Pyrolysis products evolved from OM could be assigned to lipid (e.g. fatty acids, fatty alcohols, monoacylglicerols), protein (e.g. 2,5-diketopiperazines, DKPs) and polysaccharide (e.g. anhydrosugars) precursors. 25015043 7 84 theme functional 1323:1332 arg1 link 1334:1337 a functional link 1321:1337 a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin 1321:1384 The presence of N-acetyl glucosamine markers suggested a functional link with other calcified tissues containing chitin. 24658466 6 0 theme distinct 945:952 arg1 platforms 960:968 distinct array platforms 945:968 distinct array platforms 945:968 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 5 1 theme presentation 671:682 arg1 modes 655:659 different modes 645:659 different modes of glycan presentation 645:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 3 2 from systems 461:467 arg1 analysis 421:428 the analysis 417:428 the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems 417:467 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 5 3 dep lectins 720:726 arg1 A 742:742 concanavalin A 729:742 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 8 4 theme rich 1277:1280 arg1 dataset 1282:1288 a rich dataset 1275:1288 a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms 1275:1339 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 8 5 theme microarrays 1398:1408 arg1 implementation 1380:1393 the implementation 1376:1393 the implementation of microarrays 1376:1408 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 3 6 from analysis 421:428 arg1 systems 461:467 biological systems 450:467 biological systems 450:467 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 5 7 theme glycan 612:617 arg1 platforms 630:638 six different glycan microarray platforms 598:638 six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation 598:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 1 8 theme cell-cell 176:184 arg1 interactions 186:197 cell-cell interactions 176:197 cell-cell interactions 176:197 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 8 9 theme glycan 1318:1323 arg1 platforms 1331:1339 glycan array platforms 1318:1339 glycan array platforms 1318:1339 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 7 10 theme determinants 1184:1195 arg1 presentation 1168:1179 presentation 1168:1179 presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods 1168:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 3 11 theme specificities 370:382 arg1 understanding 349:361 A detailed understanding 338:361 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents 338:400 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 3 11 theme specificities 370:382 arg1 critical 405:412 critical 405:412 critical 405:412 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 7 12 theme strongest 975:983 arg1 binders 985:991 The strongest binders 971:991 The strongest binders of each lectin 971:1006 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 5 13 theme microarray 619:628 arg1 platforms 630:638 six different glycan microarray platforms 598:638 six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation 598:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 8 14 theme GBPs 1437:1440 arg1 characterization 1417:1432 the characterization 1413:1432 the characterization of GBPs 1413:1440 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 6 15 theme systematic 915:924 arg1 comparisons 926:936 systematic comparisons 915:936 systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms 915:968 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 8 16 contain has 1345:1347 arg2 implications 1359:1370 important implications 1349:1370 important implications for the implementation of microarrays 1349:1408 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 8 16 contain has 1345:1347 arg1 work 1261:1264 This work 1256:1264 This work 1256:1264 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 8 17 theme comparative 1294:1304 arg1 analysis 1306:1313 comparative analysis 1294:1313 comparative analysis of glycan array platforms 1294:1339 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 5 18 theme different 645:653 arg1 modes 655:659 different modes 645:659 different modes of glycan presentation 645:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 8 19 theme platforms 1331:1339 arg1 analysis 1306:1313 comparative analysis 1294:1313 comparative analysis of glycan array platforms 1294:1339 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 3 20 theme biological 450:459 arg1 systems 461:467 biological systems 450:467 biological systems 450:467 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 5 21 theme Maackia 771:777 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 21 theme Maackia 771:777 arg1 lectin 789:794 Maackia amurensis lectin I 771:796 Maackia amurensis lectin I 771:796 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 22 with platforms 630:638 arg1 modes 655:659 different modes 645:659 different modes of glycan presentation 645:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 23 theme Sambucus 799:806 arg1 agglutinin 814:823 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 799:823 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 799:823 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 23 theme Sambucus 799:806 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 1 24 theme every 92:96 arg1 aspect 98:103 almost every aspect 85:103 almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions 85:197 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 6 25 theme array 954:958 arg1 platforms 960:968 distinct array platforms 945:968 distinct array platforms 945:968 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 5 26 theme wheat 829:833 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 26 theme wheat 829:833 arg1 agglutinin 840:849 wheat germ agglutinin 829:849 wheat germ agglutinin 829:849 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 27 theme amurensis 779:787 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 27 theme amurensis 779:787 arg1 lectin 789:794 Maackia amurensis lectin I 771:796 Maackia amurensis lectin I 771:796 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 3 28 theme carbohydrates 433:445 arg1 analysis 421:428 the analysis 417:428 the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems 417:467 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 0 29 theme Cross-platform 0:13 arg1 comparison 15:24 Cross-platform comparison 0:24 Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats 0:53 Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats. 24658466 7 30 theme self-reported 1220:1232 arg1 methods 1247:1253 self-reported thresholding methods 1220:1253 self-reported thresholding methods 1220:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 5 31 theme glycan 664:669 arg1 presentation 671:682 glycan presentation 664:682 glycan presentation 664:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 7 32 theme binders 1106:1112 arg1 identification 1081:1094 identification 1081:1094 identification of weaker binders 1081:1112 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 5 33 theme pomatia 751:757 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 33 theme pomatia 751:757 arg1 agglutinin 759:768 Helix pomatia agglutinin 745:768 Helix pomatia agglutinin 745:768 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 8 34 theme array 1325:1329 arg1 platforms 1331:1339 glycan array platforms 1318:1339 glycan array platforms 1318:1339 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 0 35 theme glycan 29:34 arg1 formats 47:53 glycan microarray formats 29:53 glycan microarray formats 29:53 Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats. 24658466 5 36 theme germ 835:838 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 36 theme germ 835:838 arg1 agglutinin 840:849 wheat germ agglutinin 829:849 wheat germ agglutinin 829:849 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 37 theme concanavalin 729:740 arg1 A 742:742 concanavalin A 729:742 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 1 38 from sorting 129:135 arg1 aspect 98:103 almost every aspect 85:103 almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions 85:197 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 1 39 dep cell 151:154 arg1 differentiation 156:170 differentiation 156:170 differentiation 156:170 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 3 40 theme reagents 393:400 arg1 specificities 370:382 the specificities 366:382 the specificities of these reagents 366:400 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 4 41 theme Glycan 470:475 arg1 microarrays 477:487 Glycan microarrays 470:487 Glycan microarrays 470:487 Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). 24658466 2 42 theme anti-glycan 303:313 arg1 antibodies 315:324 anti-glycan antibodies 303:324 anti-glycan antibodies 303:324 To date, the majority of data gathered on glycan expression has been obtained via analysis with either anti-glycan antibodies or lectins. 24658466 0 43 theme formats 47:53 arg1 comparison 15:24 Cross-platform comparison 0:24 Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats 0:53 Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats. 24658466 7 44 theme weaker 1099:1104 arg1 binders 1106:1112 weaker binders 1099:1112 weaker binders 1099:1112 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 2 45 theme glycan 242:247 arg1 expression 249:258 glycan expression 242:258 glycan expression 242:258 To date, the majority of data gathered on glycan expression has been obtained via analysis with either anti-glycan antibodies or lectins. 24658466 0 46 theme microarray 36:45 arg1 formats 47:53 glycan microarray formats 29:53 glycan microarray formats 29:53 Cross-platform comparison of glycan microarray formats. 24658466 4 47 theme proteins 566:573 arg1 specificity 536:546 the binding specificity 524:546 the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) 524:580 Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). 24658466 5 48 theme Helix 745:749 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 48 theme Helix 745:749 arg1 agglutinin 759:768 Helix pomatia agglutinin 745:768 Helix pomatia agglutinin 745:768 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 7 49 theme thresholding 1234:1245 arg1 methods 1247:1253 self-reported thresholding methods 1220:1253 self-reported thresholding methods 1220:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 8 50 theme important 1349:1357 arg1 implications 1359:1370 important implications 1349:1370 important implications for the implementation of microarrays 1349:1408 This work compiles a rich dataset for comparative analysis of glycan array platforms and has important implications for the implementation of microarrays in the characterization of GBPs. 24658466 7 51 theme array 1198:1202 arg1 composition 1204:1214 array composition 1198:1214 array composition 1198:1214 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 4 52 theme glycan-binding 551:564 arg1 GBPs 576:579 GBPs 576:579 GBPs 576:579 Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). 24658466 4 52 theme glycan-binding 551:564 arg1 proteins 566:573 glycan-binding proteins 551:573 glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) 551:580 Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). 24658466 6 53 theme universal 866:874 arg1 method 858:863 A new method 852:863 A new method (universal threshold) 852:885 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 6 53 theme universal 866:874 arg1 threshold 876:884 universal threshold 866:884 universal threshold 866:884 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 1 54 theme protein 121:127 arg1 sorting 129:135 protein sorting 121:135 protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions 121:197 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 4 55 used used 506:509 arg2 microarrays 477:487 Glycan microarrays 470:487 Glycan microarrays 470:487 Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). 24658466 5 56 theme well-known 709:718 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 56 theme well-known 709:718 arg1 lectin 789:794 Maackia amurensis lectin I 771:796 Maackia amurensis lectin I 771:796 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 56 theme well-known 709:718 arg1 agglutinin 840:849 wheat germ agglutinin 829:849 wheat germ agglutinin 829:849 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 56 theme well-known 709:718 arg1 agglutinin 759:768 Helix pomatia agglutinin 745:768 Helix pomatia agglutinin 745:768 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 56 theme well-known 709:718 arg1 agglutinin 814:823 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 799:823 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 799:823 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 2 57 theme data 225:228 arg1 majority 213:220 the majority 209:220 the majority of data gathered on glycan expression 209:258 To date, the majority of data gathered on glycan expression has been obtained via analysis with either anti-glycan antibodies or lectins. 24658466 7 58 theme universal 1034:1042 arg1 threshold 1044:1052 the universal threshold 1030:1052 the universal threshold across all platforms 1030:1073 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 5 59 theme different 602:610 arg1 platforms 630:638 six different glycan microarray platforms 598:638 six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation 598:682 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 7 60 theme composition 1204:1214 arg1 presentation 1168:1179 presentation 1168:1179 presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods 1168:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 7 61 theme lectin 1001:1006 arg1 binders 985:991 The strongest binders 971:991 The strongest binders of each lectin 971:1006 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 1 62 theme biology 108:114 arg1 aspect 98:103 almost every aspect 85:103 almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions 85:197 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 2 63 with analysis 282:289 arg1 antibodies 315:324 anti-glycan antibodies 303:324 anti-glycan antibodies 303:324 To date, the majority of data gathered on glycan expression has been obtained via analysis with either anti-glycan antibodies or lectins. 24658466 2 63 with analysis 282:289 arg1 lectins 329:335 lectins 329:335 lectins 329:335 To date, the majority of data gathered on glycan expression has been obtained via analysis with either anti-glycan antibodies or lectins. 24658466 6 64 theme new 854:856 arg1 method 858:863 A new method 852:863 A new method (universal threshold) 852:885 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 6 64 theme new 854:856 arg1 threshold 876:884 universal threshold 866:884 universal threshold 866:884 A new method (universal threshold) was developed to facilitate systematic comparisons across distinct array platforms. 24658466 3 65 from carbohydrates 433:445 arg1 systems 461:467 biological systems 450:467 biological systems 450:467 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 1 66 theme modulating 140:149 arg1 cell 151:154 modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions 140:197 cell 151:154 Carbohydrates participate in almost every aspect of biology from protein sorting to modulating cell differentiation and cell-cell interactions. 24658466 7 67 theme platform-specific 1132:1148 arg1 factors 1150:1156 platform-specific factors 1132:1156 platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods 1132:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 7 67 theme platform-specific 1132:1148 arg1 presentation 1168:1179 presentation 1168:1179 presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods 1168:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 24658466 3 68 theme detailed 340:347 arg1 understanding 349:361 A detailed understanding 338:361 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents 338:400 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 3 68 theme detailed 340:347 arg1 critical 405:412 critical 405:412 critical 405:412 A detailed understanding of the specificities of these reagents is critical to the analysis of carbohydrates in biological systems. 24658466 4 69 theme binding 528:534 arg1 specificity 536:546 the binding specificity 524:546 the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) 524:580 Glycan microarrays are increasingly used to determine the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). 24658466 5 70 theme nigra 808:812 arg1 agglutinin 814:823 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 799:823 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 799:823 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 5 70 theme nigra 808:812 arg1 lectins 720:726 five well-known lectins 704:726 five well-known lectins; concanavalin A 704:742 In this study, six different glycan microarray platforms with different modes of glycan presentation were compared using five well-known lectins; concanavalin A, Helix pomatia agglutinin, Maackia amurensis lectin I, Sambucus nigra agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. 24658466 7 71 theme methods 1247:1253 arg1 presentation 1168:1179 presentation 1168:1179 presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods 1168:1253 The strongest binders of each lectin were identified using the universal threshold across all platforms while identification of weaker binders was influenced by platform-specific factors including presentation of determinants, array composition and self-reported thresholding methods. 25939779 4 0 theme conformational 791:804 arg1 landscape 806:814 a dynamic conformational landscape 781:814 a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 781:827 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 3 1 theme cooperative 568:578 arg1 mechanism 580:588 a cooperative mechanism 566:588 a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 566:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 0 2 theme protein 88:94 arg1 O-glycosylation 96:110 protein O-glycosylation 88:110 protein O-glycosylation 88:110 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 5 3 theme conformational 994:1007 arg1 heterogeneity 1009:1021 conformational heterogeneity 994:1021 conformational heterogeneity 994:1021 Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity and relies on a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains. 25939779 4 4 theme dynamic 783:789 arg1 landscape 806:814 a dynamic conformational landscape 781:814 a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 781:827 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 2 5 theme GalNAc-Ts 316:324 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 316:324 GalNAc-Ts 316:324 GalNAc-Ts 316:324 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 2 5 theme GalNAc-Ts 316:324 arg1 domains 305:311 the lectin domains 294:311 the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts 294:324 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 5 6 theme flexible 1039:1046 arg1 linker 1048:1053 a flexible linker 1037:1053 a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains 1037:1106 Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity and relies on a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains. 25939779 4 7 theme compact 853:859 arg1 structures 861:870 compact structures 853:870 compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis 853:917 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 3 8 with complexes 444:452 arg1 glycopeptides 472:484 glycopeptides 472:484 glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 472:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 4 9 theme force 704:708 arg1 microscopy 710:719 Atomic force microscopy 697:719 Atomic force microscopy 697:719 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 10 dep required 886:893 arg1 both 881:884 both 881:884 both 881:884 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 11 theme scattering 743:752 arg1 experiments 754:764 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments 697:764 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments 697:764 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 12 theme efficient 899:907 arg1 catalysis 909:917 efficient catalysis 899:917 efficient catalysis 899:917 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 2 13 theme lectin 298:303 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 316:324 GalNAc-Ts 316:324 GalNAc-Ts 316:324 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 2 13 theme lectin 298:303 arg1 domains 305:311 the lectin domains 294:311 the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts 294:324 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 4 14 theme X-ray 737:741 arg1 scattering 743:752 small-angle X-ray scattering 725:752 small-angle X-ray scattering 725:752 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 3 15 theme crystal 422:428 arg1 structures 430:439 the first crystal structures 412:439 the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 412:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 6 16 theme proteins 1183:1190 arg1 decoration 1169:1178 dense decoration 1163:1178 dense decoration of proteins with O-glycans 1163:1205 Our results also shed light on how GalNAc-Ts generate dense decoration of proteins with O-glycans. 25939779 4 17 theme prominent 835:843 arg1 role 845:848 a prominent role 833:848 a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis 833:917 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 18 theme small-angle 725:735 arg1 scattering 743:752 small-angle X-ray scattering 725:752 small-angle X-ray scattering 725:752 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 0 19 theme Dynamic 0:6 arg1 interplay 8:16 Dynamic interplay 0:16 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases 0:76 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 1 20 theme Protein 113:119 arg1 O-glycosylation 121:135 Protein O-glycosylation 113:135 Protein O-glycosylation 113:135 Protein O-glycosylation is controlled by polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain. 25939779 6 21 theme dense 1163:1167 arg1 decoration 1169:1178 dense decoration 1163:1178 dense decoration of proteins with O-glycans 1163:1205 Our results also shed light on how GalNAc-Ts generate dense decoration of proteins with O-glycans. 25939779 0 22 theme catalytic 26:34 arg1 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 0 22 theme catalytic 26:34 arg1 domains 47:53 catalytic and lectin domains 26:53 domains 47:53 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 3 23 theme catalytic 679:687 arg1 domain 689:694 the catalytic domain 675:694 the catalytic domain 675:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 24 theme free 625:628 arg1 sites 639:643 free acceptor sites binding 625:651 free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides 625:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 24 theme free 625:628 arg1 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 25 theme sampling 514:521 arg1 simulations 542:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 2 26 theme glycopeptide 340:351 arg1 specificity 353:363 glycopeptide specificity 340:363 glycopeptide specificity 340:363 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 3 27 theme acceptor 630:637 arg1 sites 639:643 free acceptor sites binding 625:651 free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides 625:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 27 theme acceptor 630:637 arg1 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 28 theme molecular 523:531 arg1 simulations 542:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 0 29 theme lectin 40:45 arg1 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 0 29 theme lectin 40:45 arg1 domains 47:53 catalytic and lectin domains 26:53 domains 47:53 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 1 30 theme lectin 241:246 arg1 domain 248:253 lectin domain 241:253 lectin domain 241:253 Protein O-glycosylation is controlled by polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain. 25939779 2 31 theme molecular 271:279 arg1 basis 281:285 The underlying molecular basis 256:285 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis 256:377 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 3 32 gly glycopeptides 656:668 arg2 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 33 theme GalNAc-T2 457:465 arg1 complexes 444:452 complexes 444:452 complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 444:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 5 34 theme GalNAc-T2 969:977 arg1 profile 958:964 the activity profile 945:964 the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 945:977 Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity and relies on a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains. 25939779 6 35 with proteins 1183:1190 arg1 O-glycans 1197:1205 O-glycans 1197:1205 O-glycans 1197:1205 Our results also shed light on how GalNAc-Ts generate dense decoration of proteins with O-glycans. 25939779 2 36 theme underlying 260:269 arg1 basis 281:285 The underlying molecular basis 256:285 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis 256:377 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 3 37 theme enhanced 505:512 arg1 simulations 542:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 38 theme complexes 444:452 arg1 structures 430:439 the first crystal structures 412:439 the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 412:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 39 theme glycopeptides 656:668 arg1 sites 639:643 free acceptor sites binding 625:651 free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides 625:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 39 theme glycopeptides 656:668 arg1 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 5 40 theme lectin 1093:1098 arg1 domains 1100:1106 the lectin domains 1089:1106 the lectin domains 1089:1106 Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity and relies on a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains. 25939779 1 41 theme polypeptide 154:164 arg1 GalNAc-Ts 187:195 GalNAc-Ts 187:195 GalNAc-Ts 187:195 Protein O-glycosylation is controlled by polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain. 25939779 1 41 theme polypeptide 154:164 arg1 GalNAc-transferases 166:184 polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 154:184 polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain 154:253 Protein O-glycosylation is controlled by polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain. 25939779 5 42 theme located 1055:1061 arg1 linker 1048:1053 a flexible linker 1037:1053 a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains 1037:1106 Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity and relies on a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains. 25939779 3 43 theme lectin 603:608 arg1 domain 610:615 the lectin domain 599:615 the lectin domain 599:615 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 4 44 theme structures 861:870 arg1 role 845:848 a prominent role 833:848 a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis 833:917 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 44 theme structures 861:870 arg1 landscape 806:814 a dynamic conformational landscape 781:814 a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 781:827 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 45 theme GalNAc-T2 819:827 arg1 role 845:848 a prominent role 833:848 a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis 833:917 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 45 theme GalNAc-T2 819:827 arg1 landscape 806:814 a dynamic conformational landscape 781:814 a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 781:827 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 3 46 theme dynamics 533:540 arg1 simulations 542:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations 505:552 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 2 47 gly glycopeptide 340:351 arg2 glycopeptide 340:351 glycopeptide specificity 340:363 glycopeptide specificity 340:363 The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. 25939779 5 48 theme activity 949:956 arg1 profile 958:964 the activity profile 945:964 the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 945:977 Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity and relies on a flexible linker located between the catalytic and the lectin domains. 25939779 3 49 gly glycopeptides 472:484 arg2 glycopeptides 472:484 glycopeptides 472:484 glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 472:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 4 50 theme microscopy 710:719 arg1 experiments 754:764 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments 697:764 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments 697:764 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 4 51 theme Atomic 697:702 arg1 microscopy 710:719 Atomic force microscopy 697:719 Atomic force microscopy 697:719 Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. 25939779 0 52 theme GalNAc-transferases 58:76 arg1 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 GalNAc-transferases 58:76 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 0 52 theme GalNAc-transferases 58:76 arg1 domains 47:53 catalytic and lectin domains 26:53 domains 47:53 Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation. 25939779 3 53 theme first 416:420 arg1 structures 430:439 the first crystal structures 412:439 the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain 412:694 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 54 theme binding 645:651 arg1 sites 639:643 free acceptor sites binding 625:651 free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides 625:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 25939779 3 54 theme binding 645:651 arg1 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 glycopeptides 656:668 Here we present the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. 27226767 1 0 theme systemic 166:173 arg1 Paracoccidioidomycosis 121:142 Paracoccidioidomycosis 121:142 Paracoccidioidomycosis 121:142 Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. 27226767 1 0 theme systemic 166:173 arg1 mycosis 175:181 the most prevalent systemic mycosis 147:181 the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America 147:198 Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. 27226767 5 1 theme P. 676:677 arg1 genes 692:696 P. brasiliensis genes 676:696 P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling 676:728 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 0 2 theme Genes 69:73 arg1 Expression 26:35 Expression 26:35 Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 26:118 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 7 3 theme possible 1204:1211 arg1 mechanisms 1226:1235 possible compensatory mechanisms 1204:1235 possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM 1204:1312 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 0 4 theme brasiliensis 95:106 arg1 Cells 114:118 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 78:118 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 78:118 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 0 5 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Expression 26:35 Expression 26:35 Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 26:118 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 1 6 from mycosis 175:181 arg1 America 192:198 America 192:198 America 192:198 Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. 27226767 3 7 theme glycoproteins 376:388 arg1 network 365:371 a network 363:371 a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides 363:408 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 0 8 theme Yeast 108:112 arg1 Cells 114:118 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 78:118 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 78:118 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 0 9 from Expression 26:35 arg1 Cells 114:118 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 78:118 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells 78:118 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 7 10 theme gene 1174:1177 arg1 levels 1190:1195 gene expression levels 1174:1195 gene expression levels 1174:1195 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 3 11 dep P. 295:296 arg1 brasiliensis 298:309 brasiliensis 298:309 brasiliensis 298:309 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 3 12 theme outer 334:338 arg1 structure 340:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 3 12 theme outer 334:338 arg1 wall 316:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 5 13 theme wall 714:717 arg1 remodeling 719:728 cell wall remodeling 709:728 cell wall remodeling 709:728 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 4 14 theme other 562:566 arg1 functions 568:576 other functions 562:576 other functions 562:576 These glycoproteins can interact with the host to affect infection rates, and are known to perform other functions. 27226767 5 15 theme N-linked 592:599 arg1 glycosylation 601:613 N-linked glycosylation 592:613 N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM) 592:636 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 3 16 theme N-glycosylated 438:451 arg1 proteins 453:460 N-glycosylated proteins 438:460 N-glycosylated proteins 438:460 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 3 17 gly glycoproteins 376:388 arg1 glycoproteins 376:388 glycoproteins 376:388 glycoproteins 376:388 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 6 18 theme related 776:782 arg1 wall 914:917 cell wall 909:917 cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2) 909:1054 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 18 theme related 776:782 arg1 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3) 799:834 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 18 theme related 776:782 arg1 synthase 852:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase 837:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1) 837:868 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 18 theme related 776:782 arg1 genes 784:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 18 theme related 776:782 arg1 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 19 theme N-glycosylation 1096:1110 arg1 inhibition 1112:1121 the N-glycosylation inhibition 1092:1121 the N-glycosylation inhibition 1092:1121 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 3 20 theme polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 network 365:371 a network 363:371 a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides 363:408 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 5 21 theme cell 709:712 arg1 remodeling 719:728 cell wall remodeling 709:728 cell wall remodeling 709:728 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 6 22 theme related 929:935 arg1 genes 937:941 related genes 929:941 related genes 929:941 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 22 theme related 929:935 arg1 α-1,3-glucanase 991:1005 α-1,3-glucanase 991:1005 α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN) 991:1013 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 22 theme related 929:935 arg1 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 952:979 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase 952:979 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1) 952:988 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 22 theme related 929:935 arg1 β-1,3-glucanase 1020:1034 β-1,3-glucanase 1020:1034 β-1,3-glucanase 1020:1034 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 3 23 theme P. 295:296 arg1 structure 340:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 3 23 theme P. 295:296 arg1 wall 316:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 2 24 theme fungus 253:258 arg1 brasiliensis 277:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 It is caused by the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 27226767 7 25 theme glycosylation 1287:1299 arg1 lack 1279:1282 the lack 1275:1282 the lack of glycosylation caused by TM 1275:1312 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 7 26 theme due 1268:1270 arg1 activity 1259:1266 diminished enzyme activity 1241:1266 diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM 1241:1312 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 0 27 theme N-glycans 13:21 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 0:119 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 2 28 theme dimorphic 243:251 arg1 brasiliensis 277:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 It is caused by the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 27226767 6 29 theme synthesis 766:774 arg1 wall 914:917 cell wall 909:917 cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2) 909:1054 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 29 theme synthesis 766:774 arg1 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3) 799:834 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 29 theme synthesis 766:774 arg1 synthase 852:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase 837:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1) 837:868 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 29 theme synthesis 766:774 arg1 genes 784:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 29 theme synthesis 766:774 arg1 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 0 30 theme Wall 45:48 arg1 Genes 69:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 7 31 theme observed 1152:1159 arg1 increases 1161:1169 The observed increases 1148:1169 The observed increases in gene expression levels 1148:1195 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 3 32 theme dynamic 326:332 arg1 structure 340:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 3 32 theme dynamic 326:332 arg1 wall 316:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 7 33 from increases 1161:1169 arg1 levels 1190:1195 gene expression levels 1174:1195 gene expression levels 1174:1195 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 2 34 theme temperature-dependent 221:241 arg1 brasiliensis 277:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 It is caused by the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 27226767 6 35 theme wall 761:764 arg1 wall 914:917 cell wall 909:917 cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2) 909:1054 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 35 theme wall 761:764 arg1 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3) 799:834 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 35 theme wall 761:764 arg1 synthase 852:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase 837:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1) 837:868 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 35 theme wall 761:764 arg1 genes 784:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 35 theme wall 761:764 arg1 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 7 36 theme enzyme 1252:1257 arg1 activity 1259:1266 diminished enzyme activity 1241:1266 diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM 1241:1312 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 0 37 theme Cell 40:43 arg1 Genes 69:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 6 38 theme cell 909:912 arg1 wall 914:917 cell wall 909:917 cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2) 909:1054 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 3 39 theme cell 311:314 arg1 structure 340:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 a dynamic outer structure 324:348 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 3 39 theme cell 311:314 arg1 wall 316:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall 291:319 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 6 40 theme cell 756:759 arg1 wall 914:917 cell wall 909:917 cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2) 909:1054 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 40 theme cell 756:759 arg1 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase 799:825 β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3) 799:834 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 40 theme cell 756:759 arg1 synthase 852:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase 837:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1) 837:868 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 40 theme cell 756:759 arg1 genes 784:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 cell wall synthesis related genes 756:788 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 40 theme cell 756:759 arg1 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 α-1,4-amylase 875:887 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 7 41 theme expression 1179:1188 arg1 levels 1190:1195 gene expression levels 1174:1195 gene expression levels 1174:1195 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 6 42 dep increased 1079:1087 arg1 detected 1127:1134 detected 1127:1134 detected by qRT-PCR 1127:1145 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 5 43 theme genes 692:696 arg1 expression 662:671 the expression 658:671 the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling 658:728 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 6 44 theme 1,3-β-D-glucan 837:850 arg1 PbFKS1 862:867 PbFKS1 862:867 PbFKS1 862:867 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 6 44 theme 1,3-β-D-glucan 837:850 arg1 synthase 852:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase 837:859 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1) 837:868 Our results suggest that cell wall synthesis related genes, such as β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase (PbGEL3), 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase (PbFKS1), and α-1,4-amylase (PbAMY), as well as cell wall degrading related genes, such as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (PbNAG1), α-1,3-glucanase (PbAGN), and β-1,3-glucanase (PbBGN1 and PbBGN2), have their expression increased by the N-glycosylation inhibition, as detected by qRT-PCR. 27226767 4 45 gly glycoproteins 469:481 arg1 glycoproteins 469:481 These glycoproteins 463:481 These glycoproteins 463:481 These glycoproteins can interact with the host to affect infection rates, and are known to perform other functions. 27226767 5 46 link N-linked 592:599 arg1 glycosylation 601:613 N-linked glycosylation 592:613 N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM) 592:636 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 5 47 theme related 698:704 arg1 genes 692:696 P. brasiliensis genes 676:696 P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling 676:728 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 27226767 7 48 theme diminished 1241:1250 arg1 activity 1259:1266 diminished enzyme activity 1241:1266 diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM 1241:1312 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 0 49 theme Related 61:67 arg1 Genes 69:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 3 50 gly N-glycosylated 438:451 arg1 proteins 453:460 N-glycosylated proteins 438:460 N-glycosylated proteins 438:460 The P. brasiliensis cell wall is a dynamic outer structure, composed of a network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, such as chitin, glucan and N-glycosylated proteins. 27226767 7 51 theme compensatory 1213:1224 arg1 mechanisms 1226:1235 possible compensatory mechanisms 1204:1235 possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM 1204:1312 The observed increases in gene expression levels reveal possible compensatory mechanisms for diminished enzyme activity due to the lack of glycosylation caused by TM. 27226767 0 52 theme Remodeling 50:59 arg1 Genes 69:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes 40:73 Influence of N-glycans on Expression of Cell Wall Remodeling Related Genes in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Yeast Cells. 27226767 4 53 theme infection 520:528 arg1 rates 530:534 infection rates 520:534 infection rates 520:534 These glycoproteins can interact with the host to affect infection rates, and are known to perform other functions. 27226767 2 54 theme Paracoccidioides 260:275 arg1 brasiliensis 277:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 217:288 It is caused by the temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. 27226767 5 55 theme brasiliensis 679:690 arg1 genes 692:696 P. brasiliensis genes 676:696 P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling 676:728 We inhibited N-linked glycosylation using tunicamycin (TM), and then evaluated the expression of P. brasiliensis genes related to cell wall remodeling. 25808045 3 0 theme proteins 492:499 arg1 conformation 476:487 the conformation 472:487 the conformation of proteins 472:499 It was suggested that the formation of AGEs not only modify the conformation of proteins but also induces altered biological activity. 25808045 1 1 theme proteins 248:255 arg1 cross-links 233:243 inter and intramolecular cross-links 208:243 cross-links 233:243 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, leads to the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins. 25808045 0 2 theme Altered 79:85 arg1 Activity 87:94 Altered Activity 79:94 Altered Activity 79:94 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin Leads to Conformational Changes and Altered Activity. 25808045 7 3 theme glycated 979:986 arg1 cystatin 988:995 glycated cystatin 979:995 glycated cystatin 979:995 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 7 4 theme cystatin 988:995 arg1 data 971:974 Biological activity data 951:974 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin 951:995 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 2 5 theme advanced 288:295 arg1 products 306:313 advanced Maillard products 288:313 advanced Maillard products 288:313 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 4 6 theme glycation 687:695 arg1 process 697:703 the glycation process 683:703 the glycation process 683:703 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 2 7 theme glycation 327:335 arg1 products 341:348 advanced glycation end products 318:348 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 318:355 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 2 7 theme glycation 327:335 arg1 AGEs 351:354 AGEs 351:354 AGEs 351:354 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 3 8 theme altered 518:524 arg1 activity 537:544 altered biological activity 518:544 altered biological activity 518:544 It was suggested that the formation of AGEs not only modify the conformation of proteins but also induces altered biological activity. 25808045 2 9 theme last 398:401 arg1 decades 403:409 last decades 398:409 last decades 398:409 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 7 10 theme Biological 951:960 arg1 data 971:974 Biological activity data 951:974 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin 951:995 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 3 11 theme biological 526:535 arg1 activity 537:544 altered biological activity 518:544 altered biological activity 518:544 It was suggested that the formation of AGEs not only modify the conformation of proteins but also induces altered biological activity. 25808045 7 12 theme activity 962:969 arg1 data 971:974 Biological activity data 951:974 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin 951:995 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 2 13 theme advanced 318:325 arg1 products 341:348 advanced glycation end products 318:348 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 318:355 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 2 13 theme advanced 318:325 arg1 AGEs 351:354 AGEs 351:354 AGEs 351:354 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 0 14 theme Non-enzymatic 0:12 arg1 Glycation 14:22 Non-enzymatic Glycation 0:22 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin 0:41 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin Leads to Conformational Changes and Altered Activity. 25808045 2 15 theme tremendous 371:380 arg1 attention 382:390 tremendous attention 371:390 tremendous attention 371:390 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 0 16 theme Almond 27:32 arg1 Cystatin 34:41 Almond Cystatin 27:41 Almond Cystatin 27:41 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin Leads to Conformational Changes and Altered Activity. 25808045 1 17 theme non-enzymatic 101:113 arg1 reaction 115:122 The non-enzymatic reaction 97:122 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, 97:180 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, leads to the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins. 25808045 5 18 theme FTIR 836:839 arg1 techniques 841:850 FTIR techniques 836:850 FTIR techniques 836:850 Structural changes induced in cystatin on glycation were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD and FTIR techniques. 25808045 7 19 theme altered 1085:1091 arg1 activity 1093:1100 maximum altered activity 1077:1100 maximum altered activity 1077:1100 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 2 20 theme Maillard 297:304 arg1 products 306:313 advanced Maillard products 288:313 advanced Maillard products 288:313 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 4 21 theme different 617:625 arg1 fructose 651:658 fructose 651:658 fructose 651:658 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 4 21 theme different 617:625 arg1 D-ribose 641:648 D-ribose 641:648 D-ribose 641:648 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 4 21 theme different 617:625 arg1 sugars 627:632 three different sugars 611:632 three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose 611:670 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 4 21 theme different 617:625 arg1 lactose 664:670 lactose 664:670 lactose 664:670 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 5 22 theme UV-visible 777:786 arg1 spectroscopy 788:799 UV-visible spectroscopy 777:799 UV-visible spectroscopy 777:799 Structural changes induced in cystatin on glycation were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD and FTIR techniques. 25808045 5 23 theme Structural 706:715 arg1 changes 717:723 Structural changes 706:723 Structural changes induced in cystatin on glycation 706:756 Structural changes induced in cystatin on glycation were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD and FTIR techniques. 25808045 0 24 theme Cystatin 34:41 arg1 Glycation 14:22 Non-enzymatic Glycation 0:22 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin 0:41 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin Leads to Conformational Changes and Altered Activity. 25808045 1 25 theme inter 208:212 arg1 cross-links 233:243 inter and intramolecular cross-links 208:243 cross-links 233:243 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, leads to the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins. 25808045 0 26 theme Conformational 52:65 arg1 Changes 67:73 Conformational Changes 52:73 Conformational Changes 52:73 Non-enzymatic Glycation of Almond Cystatin Leads to Conformational Changes and Altered Activity. 25808045 4 27 dep sugars 627:632 arg1 fructose 651:658 fructose 651:658 fructose 651:658 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 4 27 dep sugars 627:632 arg1 D-ribose 641:648 D-ribose 641:648 D-ribose 641:648 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 4 27 dep sugars 627:632 arg1 sugars 627:632 three different sugars 611:632 three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose 611:670 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 4 27 dep sugars 627:632 arg1 lactose 664:670 lactose 664:670 lactose 664:670 In this study, cystatin purified from almond was incubated with three different sugars namely D-ribose, fructose and lactose to monitor the glycation process. 25808045 5 28 theme fluorescence 802:813 arg1 spectroscopy 815:826 fluorescence spectroscopy 802:826 fluorescence spectroscopy 802:826 Structural changes induced in cystatin on glycation were studied using UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD and FTIR techniques. 25808045 7 29 theme maximum 1077:1083 arg1 activity 1093:1100 maximum altered activity 1077:1100 maximum altered activity 1077:1100 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 6 30 theme Glycated 853:860 arg1 cystatin 862:869 Glycated cystatin 853:869 Glycated cystatin 853:869 Glycated cystatin was found to migrate slower on electrophoresis as compared to control cystatin. 25808045 7 31 theme conformational 1049:1062 arg1 changes 1064:1070 conformational changes 1049:1070 conformational changes 1049:1070 Biological activity data of glycated cystatin showed that D-ribose was most effective in inducing conformational changes with maximum altered activity. 25808045 2 32 theme end 265:267 arg1 products 269:276 Stable end products 258:276 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 258:355 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 2 33 theme end 337:339 arg1 products 341:348 advanced glycation end products 318:348 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 318:355 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 2 33 theme end 337:339 arg1 AGEs 351:354 AGEs 351:354 AGEs 351:354 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 2 34 theme Stable 258:263 arg1 products 269:276 Stable end products 258:276 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 258:355 Stable end products called as advanced Maillard products or advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received tremendous attention since last decades. 25808045 1 35 theme reducing 145:152 arg1 sugars 154:159 reducing sugars 145:159 reducing sugars 145:159 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, leads to the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins. 25808045 1 36 theme intramolecular 218:231 arg1 cross-links 233:243 inter and intramolecular cross-links 208:243 cross-links 233:243 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, leads to the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins. 25808045 3 37 theme AGEs 451:454 arg1 formation 438:446 the formation 434:446 the formation of AGEs 434:454 It was suggested that the formation of AGEs not only modify the conformation of proteins but also induces altered biological activity. 25808045 1 38 theme cross-links 233:243 arg1 formation 195:203 the formation 191:203 the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins 191:255 The non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and reducing sugars, known as glycation, leads to the formation of inter and intramolecular cross-links of proteins. 25808045 6 39 theme control 933:939 arg1 cystatin 941:948 control cystatin 933:948 control cystatin 933:948 Glycated cystatin was found to migrate slower on electrophoresis as compared to control cystatin. 24359545 2 0 theme Glc- 549:552 arg1 -Hep4P 570:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 0 theme Glc- 549:552 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 3 1 theme early 716:720 arg1 introduction 722:733 the early introduction 712:733 the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 712:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 2 2 theme methyl 621:626 arg1 acceptor 644:651 a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor 619:651 a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps 619:673 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 1 3 theme core 253:256 arg1 region 258:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region 207:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria 207:294 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 3 4 theme 1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl 830:875 arg1 group 878:882 a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group 821:882 a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 821:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 0 5 theme regioselective 120:133 arg1 cleavage 135:142 regioselective cleavage 120:142 regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group 120:204 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 3 6 gly glycosylation 925:937 arg1 position 942:949 position 7 942:951 position 7 942:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 3 6 gly glycosylation 925:937 arg2 position 942:949 position 7 942:951 position 7 942:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 3 7 theme straightforward 899:913 arg1 access 915:920 a straightforward access 897:920 a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 897:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 4 8 theme heptosyl 1011:1018 arg1 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 8 theme heptosyl 1011:1018 arg1 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 8 theme heptosyl 1011:1018 arg1 donors 1063:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 3 9 theme 6,7-O- 823:828 arg1 group 878:882 a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group 821:882 a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 821:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 2 10 dep disaccharides 452:464 arg1 -Hep4P 491:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 10 dep disaccharides 452:464 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 10 dep disaccharides 452:464 arg1 -Hep4P 511:516 Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P 502:516 Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P 502:516 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 11 theme Glc- 466:469 arg1 -Hep4P 491:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 11 theme Glc- 466:469 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 0 12 theme protecting 189:198 arg1 group 200:204 a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group 147:204 a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group 147:204 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 3 13 theme phosphotriester 740:754 arg1 introduction 722:733 the early introduction 712:733 the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 712:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 2 14 dep -Hep4P 570:575 arg1 1→7 565:567 1→7 565:567 1→7 565:567 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 15 theme -Hep4P 475:480 arg1 -Hep4P 491:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 15 theme -Hep4P 475:480 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 4 16 theme Perbenzylated 954:966 arg1 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 16 theme Perbenzylated 954:966 arg1 donors 1063:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 16 theme Perbenzylated 954:966 arg1 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 0 17 theme 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl 149:187 arg1 group 200:204 a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group 147:204 a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group 147:204 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 2 18 theme branched 526:533 arg1 -Hep4P 570:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 18 theme branched 526:533 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 19 theme 1→7 507:509 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 19 theme 1→7 507:509 arg1 -Hep4P 511:516 Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P 502:516 Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P 502:516 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 1 20 theme many 268:271 arg1 bacteria 287:294 many Gram-negative bacteria 268:294 many Gram-negative bacteria 268:294 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 3 21 from introduction 722:733 arg1 position 759:766 position 4 759:768 position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 759:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 2 22 theme trisaccharide 535:547 arg1 -Hep4P 570:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 22 theme trisaccharide 535:547 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 4 23 theme α-selective 1042:1052 arg1 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 23 theme α-selective 1042:1052 arg1 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 23 theme α-selective 1042:1052 arg1 donors 1063:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 1 24 theme Gram-negative 273:285 arg1 bacteria 287:294 many Gram-negative bacteria 268:294 many Gram-negative bacteria 268:294 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 0 25 theme Convergent 0:9 arg1 synthesis 11:19 Convergent synthesis 0:19 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 0:109 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 2 26 theme heptopyranoside 628:642 arg1 acceptor 644:651 a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor 619:651 a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps 619:673 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 1 27 theme bacteria 287:294 arg1 region 258:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region 207:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria 207:294 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 0 28 theme 4-O-phosphorylated 24:41 arg1 oligosaccharides 94:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 4 29 theme N-phenyl 968:975 arg1 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 29 theme N-phenyl 968:975 arg1 donors 1063:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 29 theme N-phenyl 968:975 arg1 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 2 30 theme Hep- 502:505 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 30 theme Hep- 502:505 arg1 -Hep4P 511:516 Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P 502:516 Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P 502:516 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 0 31 theme group 200:204 arg1 cleavage 135:142 regioselective cleavage 120:142 regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group 120:204 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 1 32 dep L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 356:380 arg1 D-Hep 385:389 D-Hep 385:389 D-Hep 385:389 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 1 32 dep L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 356:380 arg1 L 383:383 L 383:383 L 383:383 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 2 33 theme 1→3 471:473 arg1 -Hep4P 491:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 33 theme 1→3 471:473 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 0 34 theme lipopolysaccharide 70:87 arg1 oligosaccharides 94:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 0 35 theme L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl 43:68 arg1 oligosaccharides 94:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 2 36 from acceptor 644:651 arg1 steps 669:673 less than 10 steps 656:673 less than 10 steps 656:673 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 4 37 theme trifluoroacetimidate 977:996 arg1 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 37 theme trifluoroacetimidate 977:996 arg1 donors 1063:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 37 theme trifluoroacetimidate 977:996 arg1 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 3 38 theme regioselective 795:808 arg1 opening 810:816 a regioselective opening 793:816 a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 793:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 2 39 theme 1→3 487:489 arg1 -Hep4P 491:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 39 theme 1→3 487:489 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 0 40 theme oligosaccharides 94:109 arg1 synthesis 11:19 Convergent synthesis 0:19 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 0:109 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 2 41 theme -[Hep- 558:563 arg1 -Hep4P 570:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 41 theme -[Hep- 558:563 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 3 42 from position 759:766 arg1 introduction 722:733 the early introduction 712:733 the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 712:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 3 42 from position 759:766 arg1 phosphotriester 740:754 a phosphotriester 738:754 a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 738:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 0 43 theme core 89:92 arg1 oligosaccharides 94:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides 24:109 Convergent synthesis of 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptosyl lipopolysaccharide core oligosaccharides based on regioselective cleavage of a 6,7-O-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl protecting group. 24359545 3 44 theme heptose 773:779 arg1 position 759:766 position 4 759:768 position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 759:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 1 45 contain containing 326:335 arg2 units 392:396 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units 337:396 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units 337:396 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 1 45 contain containing 326:335 arg2 ligands 412:418 ligands 412:418 ligands for antibodies and lectins 412:445 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 1 45 contain containing 326:335 arg1 trisaccharides 311:324 trisaccharides 311:324 trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins 311:445 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 4 46 theme glycosyl 1054:1061 arg1 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 derivatives 1020:1030 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 46 theme glycosyl 1054:1061 arg1 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives 954:1030 glucosyl 998:1005 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 4 46 theme glycosyl 1054:1061 arg1 donors 1063:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 α-selective glycosyl donors 1042:1068 Perbenzylated N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate glucosyl and heptosyl derivatives served as α-selective glycosyl donors. 24359545 3 47 from position 942:949 arg1 glycosylation 925:937 glycosylation 925:937 glycosylation at position 7 925:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 3 48 theme group 878:882 arg1 opening 810:816 a regioselective opening 793:816 a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7 793:951 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 1 49 theme 4-O-phosphorylated 337:354 arg1 L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 356:380 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 337:380 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units 337:396 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 2 50 theme 1→3 554:556 arg1 -Hep4P 570:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P 522:575 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 50 theme 1→3 554:556 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 3 51 theme synthetic 680:688 arg1 strategy 690:697 The synthetic strategy 676:697 The synthetic strategy 676:697 The synthetic strategy was based on the early introduction of a phosphotriester at position 4 of heptose followed by a regioselective opening of a 6,7-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxane-1,3-diyl) group allowing for a straightforward access to glycosylation at position 7. 24359545 1 52 theme conserved 224:232 arg1 region 258:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region 207:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria 207:294 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 2 53 theme Hep- 482:485 arg1 -Hep4P 491:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P 466:496 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 2 53 theme Hep- 482:485 arg1 disaccharides 452:464 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, 448:590 The disaccharides Glc-(1→3)-Hep4P Hep-(1→3)-Hep4P and Hep-(1→7)-Hep4P and the branched trisaccharide Glc-(1→3)-[Hep-(1→7)]-Hep4P, respectively, have been synthesized from a methyl heptopyranoside acceptor in less than 10 steps. 24359545 1 54 theme L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 356:380 arg1 ligands 412:418 ligands 412:418 ligands for antibodies and lectins 412:445 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 1 54 theme L-glycero-D-manno-heptose 356:380 arg1 units 392:396 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units 337:396 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units 337:396 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 24359545 1 55 theme lipopolysaccharide 234:251 arg1 region 258:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region 207:263 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria 207:294 The structurally conserved lipopolysaccharide core region of many Gram-negative bacteria is composed of trisaccharides containing 4-O-phosphorylated L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep) units, which act as ligands for antibodies and lectins. 25151388 8 0 theme Sialylated 1179:1188 arg1 structures 1203:1212 Sialylated carbohydrate structures 1179:1212 Sialylated carbohydrate structures 1179:1212 Sialylated carbohydrate structures play a particularly prominent part in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels. 25151388 12 1 theme conserved 2146:2154 arg1 functions 2156:2164 evolutionarily conserved functions 2131:2164 evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation 2131:2183 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 1 2 gly glycoproteins 157:169 arg1 glycoproteins 157:169 glycoproteins 157:169 glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology 157:223 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 6 3 theme types 832:836 arg1 function 812:819 the function 808:819 the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake 808:963 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 4 theme neurotransmitter 917:932 arg1 release 934:940 neurotransmitter release 917:940 neurotransmitter release 917:940 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 7 5 theme principal 1130:1138 arg1 determinants 1140:1151 the principal determinants 1126:1151 the principal determinants of neuronal excitability 1126:1176 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 2 6 theme development 286:296 arg1 aspects 268:274 different aspects 258:274 different aspects of neural development 258:296 The importance of N-glycans for different aspects of neural development has been well documented. 25151388 5 7 from processes 718:726 arg1 roles 689:693 novel roles 683:693 novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes 683:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 5 7 from processes 718:726 arg1 control 736:742 the control 732:742 the control of neural excitability 732:765 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 11 8 dep in 1797:1798 arg1 vivo 1800:1803 vivo 1800:1803 vivo 1800:1803 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 8 9 theme channels 1288:1295 arg1 modulation 1256:1265 the modulation 1252:1265 the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels 1252:1295 Sialylated carbohydrate structures play a particularly prominent part in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels. 25151388 12 10 dep in 1935:1936 arg1 vivo 1938:1941 vivo 1938:1941 vivo 1938:1941 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 8 11 theme prominent 1234:1242 arg1 part 1244:1247 a particularly prominent part 1219:1247 a particularly prominent part 1219:1247 Sialylated carbohydrate structures play a particularly prominent part in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels. 25151388 6 12 theme synaptic 884:891 arg1 transmission 893:904 synaptic transmission 884:904 synaptic transmission 884:904 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 5 13 theme neural 652:657 arg1 transmission 659:670 neural transmission 652:670 neural transmission 652:670 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 11 14 theme glycan 1630:1635 arg1 structures 1637:1646 glycan structures 1630:1646 glycan structures 1630:1646 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 1 15 theme nervous 183:189 arg1 system 191:196 nervous system development and physiology 183:223 nervous system development and physiology 183:223 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 12 16 from experiments 1943:1953 arg1 vertebrates 1958:1968 vertebrates 1958:1968 vertebrates 1958:1968 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 7 17 theme environmental 1072:1084 arg1 stimuli 1086:1092 environmental stimuli 1072:1092 environmental stimuli 1072:1092 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 5 18 from control 736:742 arg1 processes 718:726 synaptic processes 709:726 synaptic processes 709:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 8 19 theme voltage-gated 1270:1282 arg1 channels 1288:1295 voltage-gated ion channels 1270:1295 voltage-gated ion channels 1270:1295 Sialylated carbohydrate structures play a particularly prominent part in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels. 25151388 12 20 theme nervous 2192:2198 arg1 system 2200:2205 the nervous system 2188:2205 the nervous system 2188:2205 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 2 21 theme different 258:266 arg1 aspects 268:274 different aspects 258:274 different aspects of neural development 258:296 The importance of N-glycans for different aspects of neural development has been well documented. 25151388 7 22 theme channel 1007:1013 arg1 channels 1037:1044 TRP channels 1033:1044 TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels 1033:1123 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 7 22 theme channel 1007:1013 arg1 proteins 1015:1022 channel proteins 1007:1022 channel proteins 1007:1022 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 1 23 theme ways 126:129 arg1 ways 126:129 ways 126:129 ways 126:129 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 1 23 theme ways 126:129 arg1 variety 115:121 a variety 113:121 a variety of ways 113:129 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 9 24 theme channel 1328:1334 arg1 functions 1336:1344 channel functions 1328:1344 channel functions 1328:1344 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 2 25 theme N-glycans 244:252 arg1 importance 230:239 The importance 226:239 The importance of N-glycans for different aspects of neural development 226:296 The importance of N-glycans for different aspects of neural development has been well documented. 25151388 0 26 from regulation 19:28 arg1 N-glycosylation 0:14 N-glycosylation 0:14 N-glycosylation 0:14 N-glycosylation in regulation of the nervous system. 25151388 5 27 theme novel 683:687 arg1 roles 689:693 novel roles 683:693 novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes 683:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 0 28 from N-glycosylation 0:14 arg1 regulation 19:28 regulation 19:28 regulation of the nervous system 19:50 N-glycosylation in regulation of the nervous system. 25151388 3 29 theme N-linked 342:349 arg1 structures 364:373 some N-linked carbohydrate structures 337:373 some N-linked carbohydrate structures 337:373 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 10 30 theme structural 1543:1552 arg1 features 1554:1561 some structural features 1538:1561 some structural features of glycans 1538:1572 Experiments also indicated that some structural features of glycans can be particularly important for their function. 25151388 3 31 theme axonal 432:437 arg1 targeting 439:447 axonal targeting 432:447 axonal targeting 432:447 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 9 32 theme other 1489:1493 arg1 molecules 1495:1503 other molecules 1489:1503 other molecules 1489:1503 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 12 33 theme recent 1971:1976 arg1 studies 1978:1984 recent studies 1971:1984 recent studies 1971:1984 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 5 34 theme Recent 584:589 arg1 studies 591:597 Recent studies 584:597 Recent studies 584:597 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 1 35 theme nervous 95:101 arg1 system 103:108 the nervous system 91:108 the nervous system in a variety of ways 91:129 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 4 36 theme neural 541:546 arg1 physiology 548:557 neural physiology 541:557 neural physiology 541:557 At the same time, the involvement of glycosylation in the regulation of neural physiology remains less understood. 25151388 12 37 theme in 1935:1936 arg1 experiments 1943:1953 in vivo experiments 1935:1953 in vivo experiments in vertebrates 1935:1968 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 3 38 theme neural 407:412 arg1 adhesion 419:426 neural cell adhesion 407:426 neural cell adhesion 407:426 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 6 39 theme key 871:873 arg1 steps 875:879 key steps 871:879 key steps of synaptic transmission 871:904 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 12 40 theme glycosylation 1879:1891 arg1 pathways 1893:1900 glycosylation pathways 1879:1900 glycosylation pathways 1879:1900 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 12 41 theme important 2094:2102 arg1 advantages 2104:2113 important advantages 2094:2113 important advantages 2094:2113 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 11 42 theme cell 1689:1692 arg1 types 1694:1698 different cell types 1679:1698 different cell types 1679:1698 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 0 43 theme system 45:50 arg1 regulation 19:28 regulation 19:28 regulation of the nervous system 19:50 N-glycosylation in regulation of the nervous system. 25151388 11 44 theme in 1797:1798 arg1 approaches 1805:1814 in vivo approaches 1797:1814 in vivo approaches 1797:1814 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 9 45 with interactions 1471:1482 arg1 molecules 1495:1503 other molecules 1489:1503 other molecules 1489:1503 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 5 46 from glycans 698:704 arg1 processes 718:726 synaptic processes 709:726 synaptic processes 709:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 6 47 theme synaptic 841:848 arg1 proteins 850:857 synaptic proteins 841:857 synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission 841:904 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 12 48 theme system 1853:1858 arg1 complexity 1827:1836 the complexity 1823:1836 the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways 1823:1900 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 1 49 dep system 191:196 arg1 development 198:208 development 198:208 development 198:208 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 1 49 dep system 191:196 arg1 physiology 214:223 physiology 214:223 physiology 214:223 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 9 50 with effects 1459:1465 arg1 molecules 1495:1503 other molecules 1489:1503 other molecules 1489:1503 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 9 51 theme steric 1452:1457 arg1 effects 1459:1465 steric effects 1452:1465 steric effects 1452:1465 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 12 52 theme intricacies 1864:1874 arg1 complexity 1827:1836 the complexity 1823:1836 the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways 1823:1900 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 5 53 gly N-glycosylation 615:629 arg1 regulation 638:647 the regulation 634:647 the regulation of neural transmission 634:670 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 5 54 theme transmission 659:670 arg1 regulation 638:647 the regulation 634:647 the regulation of neural transmission 634:670 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 7 55 dep channels 1037:1044 arg1 determinants 1140:1151 the principal determinants 1126:1151 the principal determinants of neuronal excitability 1126:1176 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 11 56 theme metabolic 1718:1726 arg1 state 1728:1732 the metabolic state 1714:1732 the metabolic state of the cell 1714:1744 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 4 57 from involvement 491:501 arg1 regulation 527:536 the regulation 523:536 the regulation of neural physiology 523:557 At the same time, the involvement of glycosylation in the regulation of neural physiology remains less understood. 25151388 6 58 theme several 824:830 arg1 uptake 958:963 uptake 958:963 uptake 958:963 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 58 theme several 824:830 arg1 release 934:940 neurotransmitter release 917:940 neurotransmitter release 917:940 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 58 theme several 824:830 arg1 reception 943:951 reception 943:951 reception 943:951 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 58 theme several 824:830 arg1 types 832:836 several types 824:836 several types 824:836 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 3 59 link N-linked 342:349 arg1 structures 364:373 some N-linked carbohydrate structures 337:373 some N-linked carbohydrate structures 337:373 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 8 60 theme carbohydrate 1190:1201 arg1 structures 1203:1212 Sialylated carbohydrate structures 1179:1212 Sialylated carbohydrate structures 1179:1212 Sialylated carbohydrate structures play a particularly prominent part in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels. 25151388 2 61 theme neural 279:284 arg1 development 286:296 neural development 279:296 neural development 279:296 The importance of N-glycans for different aspects of neural development has been well documented. 25151388 1 62 theme glycoproteins 157:169 arg1 functions 144:152 functions 144:152 functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology 144:223 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 7 63 theme excitability 1165:1176 arg1 determinants 1140:1151 the principal determinants 1126:1151 the principal determinants of neuronal excitability 1126:1176 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 6 64 theme transmission 893:904 arg1 steps 875:879 key steps 871:879 key steps of synaptic transmission 871:904 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 8 65 theme ion 1284:1286 arg1 channels 1288:1295 voltage-gated ion channels 1270:1295 voltage-gated ion channels 1270:1295 Sialylated carbohydrate structures play a particularly prominent part in the modulation of voltage-gated ion channels. 25151388 11 66 theme cell 1741:1744 arg1 state 1728:1732 the metabolic state 1714:1732 the metabolic state of the cell 1714:1744 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 7 67 theme voltage-gated 1098:1110 arg1 channels 1116:1123 voltage-gated ion channels 1098:1123 voltage-gated ion channels 1098:1123 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 12 68 theme model 2047:2051 arg1 organisms 2053:2061 more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms 2006:2061 more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila 2006:2077 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 7 69 theme ion 1112:1114 arg1 channels 1116:1123 voltage-gated ion channels 1098:1123 voltage-gated ion channels 1098:1123 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 5 70 theme synaptic 709:716 arg1 processes 718:726 synaptic processes 709:726 synaptic processes 709:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 12 71 theme simple 2011:2016 arg1 organisms 2053:2061 more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms 2006:2061 more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila 2006:2077 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 9 72 theme Sialic 1298:1303 arg1 acids 1305:1309 Sialic acids 1298:1309 Sialic acids 1298:1309 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 7 73 theme TRP 1033:1035 arg1 channels 1037:1044 TRP channels 1033:1044 TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels 1033:1123 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 5 74 theme glycans 698:704 arg1 roles 689:693 novel roles 683:693 novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes 683:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 5 74 theme glycans 698:704 arg1 control 736:742 the control 732:742 the control of neural excitability 732:765 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 7 75 theme proteins 1015:1022 arg1 number 997:1002 a number 995:1002 a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability 995:1176 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 7 75 theme proteins 1015:1022 arg1 channels 1037:1044 TRP channels 1033:1044 TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels 1033:1123 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 4 76 theme glycosylation 506:518 arg1 involvement 491:501 the involvement 487:501 the involvement of glycosylation in the regulation of neural physiology 487:557 At the same time, the involvement of glycosylation in the regulation of neural physiology remains less understood. 25151388 12 77 theme N-glycosylation 2169:2183 arg1 functions 2156:2164 evolutionarily conserved functions 2131:2164 evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation 2131:2183 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 9 78 theme several 1350:1356 arg1 interactions 1387:1398 charge interactions 1380:1398 charge interactions 1380:1398 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 9 78 theme several 1350:1356 arg1 interactions 1418:1429 other interactions 1412:1429 other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules 1412:1503 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 9 78 theme several 1350:1356 arg1 mechanisms 1358:1367 several mechanisms 1350:1367 several mechanisms 1350:1367 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 1 79 theme Protein 53:59 arg1 N-glycosylation 61:75 Protein N-glycosylation 53:75 Protein N-glycosylation 53:75 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 4 80 theme same 476:479 arg1 time 481:484 the same time 472:484 the same time 472:484 At the same time, the involvement of glycosylation in the regulation of neural physiology remains less understood. 25151388 5 81 theme neural 747:752 arg1 excitability 754:765 neural excitability 747:765 neural excitability 747:765 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 3 82 theme carbohydrate 351:362 arg1 structures 364:373 some N-linked carbohydrate structures 337:373 some N-linked carbohydrate structures 337:373 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 9 83 theme charge 1380:1385 arg1 interactions 1387:1398 charge interactions 1380:1398 charge interactions 1380:1398 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 3 84 theme key 394:396 arg1 roles 398:402 key roles 394:402 key roles 394:402 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 4 85 theme physiology 548:557 arg1 regulation 527:536 the regulation 523:536 the regulation of neural physiology 523:557 At the same time, the involvement of glycosylation in the regulation of neural physiology remains less understood. 25151388 10 86 theme glycans 1566:1572 arg1 features 1554:1561 some structural features 1538:1561 some structural features of glycans 1538:1572 Experiments also indicated that some structural features of glycans can be particularly important for their function. 25151388 0 87 theme nervous 37:43 arg1 system 45:50 the nervous system 33:50 the nervous system 33:50 N-glycosylation in regulation of the nervous system. 25151388 0 88 gly N-glycosylation 0:14 arg1 regulation 19:28 regulation 19:28 regulation of the nervous system 19:50 N-glycosylation in regulation of the nervous system. 25151388 3 89 theme cell 414:417 arg1 adhesion 419:426 neural cell adhesion 407:426 neural cell adhesion 407:426 For example, some N-linked carbohydrate structures were found to play key roles in neural cell adhesion and axonal targeting during development. 25151388 5 90 from roles 689:693 arg1 processes 718:726 synaptic processes 709:726 synaptic processes 709:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 11 91 theme different 1679:1687 arg1 types 1694:1698 different cell types 1679:1698 different cell types 1679:1698 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 5 92 theme excitability 754:765 arg1 roles 689:693 novel roles 683:693 novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes 683:726 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 5 92 theme excitability 754:765 arg1 control 736:742 the control 732:742 the control of neural excitability 732:765 Recent studies have implicated N-glycosylation in the regulation of neural transmission, revealing novel roles of glycans in synaptic processes and the control of neural excitability. 25151388 7 93 theme neuronal 1156:1163 arg1 excitability 1165:1176 neuronal excitability 1156:1176 neuronal excitability 1156:1176 Glycosylation also regulates a number of channel proteins, such as TRP channels that control responses to environmental stimuli and voltage-gated ion channels, the principal determinants of neuronal excitability. 25151388 9 94 theme other 1412:1416 arg1 interactions 1418:1429 other interactions 1412:1429 other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules 1412:1503 Sialic acids appear to affect channel functions via several mechanisms, including charge interactions, as well as other interactions that probably engage steric effects and interactions with other molecules. 25151388 12 95 theme serious 1913:1919 arg1 obstacles 1921:1929 serious obstacles 1913:1929 serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates 1913:1968 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 1 96 from system 103:108 arg1 ways 126:129 ways 126:129 ways 126:129 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 1 96 from system 103:108 arg1 variety 115:121 a variety 113:121 a variety of ways 113:129 Protein N-glycosylation can influence the nervous system in a variety of ways by affecting functions of glycoproteins involved in nervous system development and physiology. 25151388 6 97 theme proteins 850:857 arg1 uptake 958:963 uptake 958:963 uptake 958:963 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 97 theme proteins 850:857 arg1 release 934:940 neurotransmitter release 917:940 neurotransmitter release 917:940 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 97 theme proteins 850:857 arg1 reception 943:951 reception 943:951 reception 943:951 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 6 97 theme proteins 850:857 arg1 types 832:836 several types 824:836 several types 824:836 N-Glycans were found to markedly affect the function of several types of synaptic proteins involved in key steps of synaptic transmission, including neurotransmitter release, reception, and uptake. 25151388 12 98 theme pathways 1893:1900 arg1 intricacies 1864:1874 intricacies 1864:1874 intricacies of glycosylation pathways 1864:1900 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 12 98 theme pathways 1893:1900 arg1 system 1853:1858 the nervous system 1841:1858 the nervous system 1841:1858 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 11 99 theme glycan 1774:1779 arg1 functions 1781:1789 glycan functions 1774:1789 glycan functions 1774:1789 Since glycan structures can vary significantly between different cell types and depend on the metabolic state of the cell, it is important to analyze glycan functions using in vivo approaches. 25151388 12 100 theme nervous 1845:1851 arg1 system 1853:1858 the nervous system 1841:1858 the nervous system 1841:1858 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 25151388 12 101 theme tractable 2037:2045 arg1 organisms 2053:2061 more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms 2006:2061 more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila 2006:2077 While the complexity of the nervous system and intricacies of glycosylation pathways can create serious obstacles for in vivo experiments in vertebrates, recent studies have indicated that more simple and experimentally tractable model organisms like Drosophila should provide important advantages for elucidating evolutionarily conserved functions of N-glycosylation in the nervous system. 29050610 8 0 theme BNC-based 1243:1251 arg1 tubes 1253:1257 the heparinized BNC-based tubes 1227:1257 the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1227:1331 This work demonstrates the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis. 29050610 0 1 from improvements 12:23 arg1 double-silicone-tube 54:73 unique double-silicone-tube 47:73 unique double-silicone-tube 47:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 1 2 theme Double-Silicone-Tube 422:441 arg1 bioreactors 443:453 unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 415:453 unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 415:453 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 0 3 from double-silicone-tube 54:73 arg1 tubes 36:40 the BNC tubes 28:40 the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube 28:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 0 3 from double-silicone-tube 54:73 arg1 improvements 12:23 Performance improvements 0:23 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube 0:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 8 4 theme great 1264:1268 arg1 potential 1270:1278 great potential 1264:1278 great potential 1264:1278 This work demonstrates the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis. 29050610 4 5 theme burst 807:811 arg1 pressure 813:820 burst pressure 807:820 burst pressure 807:820 The results indicated that strength at break was increased but burst pressure decreased slightly after compositing. 29050610 6 6 theme EDC/NHS 957:963 arg1 crosslinking 965:976 The EDC/NHS crosslinking 953:976 The EDC/NHS crosslinking 953:976 The EDC/NHS crosslinking catalyzed both amide bonds and ester bonds formation in the BNC/CH-Hep composites. 29050610 2 7 theme endothelialization 596:613 arg1 performance 561:571 performance 561:571 performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization 561:613 Heparin (Hep) was then chemically grafted into the BNC-based tubes using EDC/NHS crosslinking to improve performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization. 29050610 1 8 theme clinical 277:284 arg1 application 286:296 clinical application 277:296 clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts 277:329 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 2 9 theme BNC-based 507:515 arg1 tubes 517:521 the BNC-based tubes 503:521 the BNC-based tubes using EDC/NHS crosslinking to improve performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization 503:613 Heparin (Hep) was then chemically grafted into the BNC-based tubes using EDC/NHS crosslinking to improve performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization. 29050610 7 10 theme BNC-based 1187:1195 arg1 tubes 1197:1201 BNC-based tubes 1187:1201 BNC-based tubes 1187:1201 Three-dimensional surface structure and roughness were firstly obtained and discussed in relation to the hemocompatibility of BNC-based tubes. 29050610 7 11 theme tubes 1197:1201 arg1 hemocompatibility 1166:1182 the hemocompatibility 1162:1182 the hemocompatibility of BNC-based tubes 1162:1201 Three-dimensional surface structure and roughness were firstly obtained and discussed in relation to the hemocompatibility of BNC-based tubes. 29050610 1 12 theme fibril 369:374 arg1 network 376:382 the fibril network 365:382 the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 365:453 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 6 13 theme BNC/CH-Hep 1038:1047 arg1 composites 1049:1058 the BNC/CH-Hep composites 1034:1058 the BNC/CH-Hep composites 1034:1058 The EDC/NHS crosslinking catalyzed both amide bonds and ester bonds formation in the BNC/CH-Hep composites. 29050610 2 14 theme anticoagulation 576:590 arg1 performance 561:571 performance 561:571 performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization 561:613 Heparin (Hep) was then chemically grafted into the BNC-based tubes using EDC/NHS crosslinking to improve performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization. 29050610 0 15 theme Performance 0:10 arg1 improvements 12:23 Performance improvements 0:23 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube 0:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 1 16 theme application 286:296 arg1 requirements 261:272 the requirements 257:272 the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts 257:329 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 4 17 from break 783:787 arg1 strength 771:778 strength 771:778 strength at break 771:787 The results indicated that strength at break was increased but burst pressure decreased slightly after compositing. 29050610 8 18 dep tubes 1253:1257 arg1 have 1259:1262 have 1259:1262 have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1259:1331 This work demonstrates the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis. 29050610 8 19 theme vascular 1313:1320 arg1 prosthesis 1322:1331 small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1298:1331 small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1298:1331 This work demonstrates the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis. 29050610 5 20 theme tubes 883:887 arg1 Performance 860:870 Performance 860:870 Performance of the BNC tubes 860:887 Performance of the BNC tubes was improved remarkably after introducing chitosan and heparin. 29050610 5 21 theme BNC 879:881 arg1 tubes 883:887 the BNC tubes 875:887 the BNC tubes 875:887 Performance of the BNC tubes was improved remarkably after introducing chitosan and heparin. 29050610 1 22 theme small 301:305 arg1 grafts 324:329 small caliber vascular grafts 301:329 small caliber vascular grafts 301:329 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 1 23 theme bacterial 215:223 arg1 BNC 241:243 BNC 241:243 BNC 241:243 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 1 23 theme bacterial 215:223 arg1 nano-cellulose 225:238 bacterial nano-cellulose 215:238 bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) 215:244 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 0 24 theme tubes 36:40 arg1 improvements 12:23 Performance improvements 0:23 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube 0:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 1 25 theme caliber 307:313 arg1 grafts 324:329 small caliber vascular grafts 301:329 small caliber vascular grafts 301:329 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 0 26 theme artificial 157:166 arg1 vessels 174:180 small-diameter artificial blood vessels 142:180 small-diameter artificial blood vessels 142:180 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 3 27 theme Physicochemical 616:630 arg1 property 647:654 property 647:654 property 647:654 Physicochemical and mechanical property, blood compatibility, and cytocompatibility were compared before and after compositing. 29050610 1 28 theme nano-cellulose 225:238 arg1 property 203:210 property 203:210 property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts 203:329 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 0 29 theme BNC 32:34 arg1 tubes 36:40 the BNC tubes 28:40 the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube 28:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 1 30 theme vascular 315:322 arg1 grafts 324:329 small caliber vascular grafts 301:329 small caliber vascular grafts 301:329 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 2 31 theme EDC/NHS 529:535 arg1 crosslinking 537:548 EDC/NHS crosslinking 529:548 EDC/NHS crosslinking 529:548 Heparin (Hep) was then chemically grafted into the BNC-based tubes using EDC/NHS crosslinking to improve performance of anticoagulation and endothelialization. 29050610 0 32 theme unique 47:52 arg1 double-silicone-tube 54:73 unique double-silicone-tube 47:73 unique double-silicone-tube 47:73 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 6 33 theme bonds 1015:1019 arg1 formation 1021:1029 both amide bonds and ester bonds formation 988:1029 both amide bonds and ester bonds formation 988:1029 The EDC/NHS crosslinking catalyzed both amide bonds and ester bonds formation in the BNC/CH-Hep composites. 29050610 1 34 theme BNC 391:393 arg1 tubes 395:399 the BNC tubes 387:399 the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 387:453 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 0 35 theme small-diameter 142:155 arg1 vessels 174:180 small-diameter artificial blood vessels 142:180 small-diameter artificial blood vessels 142:180 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 0 36 theme blood 168:172 arg1 vessels 174:180 small-diameter artificial blood vessels 142:180 small-diameter artificial blood vessels 142:180 Performance improvements of the BNC tubes from unique double-silicone-tube bioreactors by introducing chitosan and heparin for application as small-diameter artificial blood vessels. 29050610 1 37 theme tubes 395:399 arg1 network 376:382 the fibril network 365:382 the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 365:453 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 6 38 theme bonds 999:1003 arg1 formation 1021:1029 both amide bonds and ester bonds formation 988:1029 both amide bonds and ester bonds formation 988:1029 The EDC/NHS crosslinking catalyzed both amide bonds and ester bonds formation in the BNC/CH-Hep composites. 29050610 3 39 theme blood 657:661 arg1 compatibility 663:675 blood compatibility 657:675 blood compatibility 657:675 Physicochemical and mechanical property, blood compatibility, and cytocompatibility were compared before and after compositing. 29050610 7 40 theme Three-dimensional 1061:1077 arg1 structure 1087:1095 Three-dimensional surface structure 1061:1095 Three-dimensional surface structure 1061:1095 Three-dimensional surface structure and roughness were firstly obtained and discussed in relation to the hemocompatibility of BNC-based tubes. 29050610 8 41 theme heparinized 1231:1241 arg1 tubes 1253:1257 the heparinized BNC-based tubes 1227:1257 the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1227:1331 This work demonstrates the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis. 29050610 1 42 theme unique 415:420 arg1 bioreactors 443:453 unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 415:453 unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors 415:453 In order to improve property of bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) to achieve the requirements of clinical application as small caliber vascular grafts, chitosan (CH) was deposited into the fibril network of the BNC tubes fabricated in unique Double-Silicone-Tube bioreactors. 29050610 3 43 theme mechanical 636:645 arg1 property 647:654 property 647:654 property 647:654 Physicochemical and mechanical property, blood compatibility, and cytocompatibility were compared before and after compositing. 29050610 7 44 theme surface 1079:1085 arg1 structure 1087:1095 Three-dimensional surface structure 1061:1095 Three-dimensional surface structure 1061:1095 Three-dimensional surface structure and roughness were firstly obtained and discussed in relation to the hemocompatibility of BNC-based tubes. 29050610 6 45 theme amide 993:997 arg1 bonds 999:1003 amide bonds 993:1003 amide bonds 993:1003 The EDC/NHS crosslinking catalyzed both amide bonds and ester bonds formation in the BNC/CH-Hep composites. 29050610 8 46 theme small-diameter 1298:1311 arg1 prosthesis 1322:1331 small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1298:1331 small-diameter vascular prosthesis 1298:1331 This work demonstrates the heparinized BNC-based tubes have great potential in application as small-diameter vascular prosthesis. 29050610 6 47 theme ester 1009:1013 arg1 bonds 1015:1019 ester bonds 1009:1019 ester bonds 1009:1019 The EDC/NHS crosslinking catalyzed both amide bonds and ester bonds formation in the BNC/CH-Hep composites. 24608122 0 0 theme protein 82:88 arg1 lactoferrin 90:100 the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 59:100 the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 59:100 EndoE from Enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth. 24608122 5 1 theme major 659:663 arg1 glycoforms 665:674 major glycoforms 659:674 major glycoforms from this protein 659:692 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 8 2 theme surface-associated 987:1004 arg1 enolase 1006:1012 a surface-associated enolase 985:1012 a surface-associated enolase of E. faecalis 985:1027 In addition, hLF binds to a surface-associated enolase of E. faecalis. 24608122 7 3 theme intact 890:895 arg1 hLF 897:899 intact hLF 890:899 intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm 890:956 Glycans of hLF influence the binding to E. faecalis, and EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF inhibits biofilm formation to lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm. 24608122 0 4 theme inhibiting 71:80 arg1 lactoferrin 90:100 the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 59:100 the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 59:100 EndoE from Enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth. 24608122 9 5 theme carbon 1153:1158 arg1 source 1160:1165 a carbon source 1151:1165 a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available 1151:1272 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 9 5 theme carbon 1153:1158 arg1 glycans 1115:1121 the glycans 1111:1121 the glycans derived from lactoferrin 1111:1146 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 8 6 theme E. 1017:1018 arg1 faecalis 1020:1027 E. faecalis 1017:1027 E. faecalis 1017:1027 In addition, hLF binds to a surface-associated enolase of E. faecalis. 24608122 12 7 theme possible 1759:1766 arg1 implications 1768:1779 possible implications 1759:1779 possible implications for both commensalism and opportunism 1759:1817 Taken together, our results underline the importance of glycans in the interplay between bacteria and the human host, with possible implications for both commensalism and opportunism. 24608122 7 8 theme lesser 871:876 arg1 extent 878:883 lesser extent 871:883 lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm 871:956 Glycans of hLF influence the binding to E. faecalis, and EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF inhibits biofilm formation to lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm. 24608122 8 9 theme faecalis 1020:1027 arg1 enolase 1006:1012 a surface-associated enolase 985:1012 a surface-associated enolase of E. faecalis 985:1027 In addition, hLF binds to a surface-associated enolase of E. faecalis. 24608122 3 10 theme immunoglobulin 405:418 arg1 IgG 423:425 IgG 423:425 IgG 423:425 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 3 10 theme immunoglobulin 405:418 arg1 G 420:420 the human immunoglobulin G 395:420 the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 395:426 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 12 11 from importance 1678:1687 arg1 interplay 1707:1715 the interplay 1703:1715 the interplay between bacteria and the human host 1703:1751 Taken together, our results underline the importance of glycans in the interplay between bacteria and the human host, with possible implications for both commensalism and opportunism. 24608122 5 12 theme mass 612:615 arg1 spectrometry 617:628 mass spectrometry 612:628 mass spectrometry 612:628 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 4 13 gly glycoprotein 468:479 arg1 glycoprotein 468:479 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin 458:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) 458:497 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 3 14 theme G 420:420 arg1 glycans 384:390 the N-linked glycans 371:390 the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 371:426 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 11 15 gly glycoprotein 1426:1437 arg1 glycoprotein 1426:1437 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 7 16 theme biofilm 950:956 arg1 inhibition 936:945 the inhibition 932:945 the inhibition of biofilm 932:956 Glycans of hLF influence the binding to E. faecalis, and EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF inhibits biofilm formation to lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm. 24608122 9 17 used used 1197:1200 arg2 nutrients 1205:1213 nutrients 1205:1213 nutrients 1205:1213 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 9 17 used used 1197:1200 arg2 they 1183:1186 they 1183:1186 they 1183:1186 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 3 18 contain has 355:357 arg2 activity 359:366 activity 359:366 activity 359:366 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 3 18 contain has 355:357 arg1 EndoE 349:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE 303:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE 303:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 2 19 dep pathogen 191:198 arg1 faecalis 213:220 Enterococcus faecalis 200:220 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis 167:220 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 6 20 theme biofilm 720:726 arg1 formation 728:736 biofilm formation 720:736 biofilm formation of E. faecalis 720:751 hLF was shown to inhibit biofilm formation of E. faecalis in vitro. 24608122 11 21 theme biofilm 1503:1509 arg1 formation 1511:1519 biofilm formation 1503:1519 biofilm formation 1503:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 11 22 theme human 1420:1424 arg1 hLF 1439:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 3 23 theme human 399:403 arg1 IgG 423:425 IgG 423:425 IgG 423:425 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 3 23 theme human 399:403 arg1 G 420:420 the human immunoglobulin G 395:420 the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 395:426 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 11 24 with consequences 1463:1474 arg1 inhibition 1489:1498 reduced inhibition 1481:1498 reduced inhibition of biofilm formation 1481:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 5 25 theme lectin 589:594 arg1 blot 596:599 lectin blot 589:599 lectin blot 589:599 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 9 26 theme preferred 1237:1245 arg1 source 1254:1259 no other preferred carbon source 1228:1259 no other preferred carbon source 1228:1259 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 9 27 theme EndoE 1078:1082 arg1 activity 1066:1073 the activity 1062:1073 the activity of EndoE 1062:1082 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 4 28 theme new 504:506 arg1 substrate 508:516 a new substrate 502:516 a new substrate for EndoE 502:526 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 4 28 theme new 504:506 arg1 lactoferrin 481:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin 458:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) 458:497 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 11 29 theme hLF 1566:1568 arg1 functions 1553:1561 innate immunity functions 1537:1561 innate immunity functions of hLF 1537:1568 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 11 29 theme hLF 1566:1568 arg1 mechanism 1586:1594 a bacterial mechanism 1574:1594 a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function 1574:1633 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 7 30 theme biofilm 850:856 arg1 formation 858:866 biofilm formation 850:866 biofilm formation 850:866 Glycans of hLF influence the binding to E. faecalis, and EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF inhibits biofilm formation to lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm. 24608122 11 31 theme immunity 1617:1624 arg1 function 1626:1633 this innate immunity function 1605:1633 this innate immunity function 1605:1633 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 9 32 theme carbon 1247:1252 arg1 source 1254:1259 no other preferred carbon source 1228:1259 no other preferred carbon source 1228:1259 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 11 33 theme immunity 1544:1551 arg1 functions 1553:1561 innate immunity functions 1537:1561 innate immunity functions of hLF 1537:1568 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 3 34 link N-linked 375:382 arg1 glycans 384:390 the N-linked glycans 371:390 the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 371:426 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 7 35 theme EndoE-hydrolyzed 820:835 arg1 hLF 837:839 EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF 820:839 EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF 820:839 Glycans of hLF influence the binding to E. faecalis, and EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF inhibits biofilm formation to lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm. 24608122 11 36 with hLF 1439:1441 arg1 inhibition 1489:1498 reduced inhibition 1481:1498 reduced inhibition of biofilm formation 1481:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 12 37 theme human 1742:1746 arg1 host 1748:1751 the human host 1738:1751 the human host 1738:1751 Taken together, our results underline the importance of glycans in the interplay between bacteria and the human host, with possible implications for both commensalism and opportunism. 24608122 3 38 theme identified 307:316 arg1 EndoE 349:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE 303:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE 303:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 11 39 theme innate 1610:1615 arg1 immunity 1617:1624 this innate immunity 1605:1624 this innate immunity function 1605:1633 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 3 40 theme endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 318:347 arg1 EndoE 349:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE 303:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE 303:353 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 11 41 theme glycoprotein 1426:1437 arg1 hLF 1439:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 10 42 theme important 1292:1300 arg1 information 1302:1312 important information 1292:1312 important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis 1292:1397 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 9 43 attach derived 1123:1129 arg2 source 1160:1165 a carbon source 1151:1165 a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available 1151:1272 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 9 43 attach derived 1123:1129 arg1 lactoferrin 1136:1146 lactoferrin 1136:1146 lactoferrin 1136:1146 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 9 43 attach derived 1123:1129 arg2 glycans 1115:1121 the glycans 1111:1121 the glycans derived from lactoferrin 1111:1146 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 11 44 theme reduced 1481:1487 arg1 inhibition 1489:1498 reduced inhibition 1481:1498 reduced inhibition of biofilm formation 1481:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 11 45 theme functional 1452:1461 arg1 consequences 1463:1474 the functional consequences 1448:1474 the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation 1448:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 5 46 from hLF 562:564 arg1 N-glycans 547:555 the N-glycans 543:555 the N-glycans from hLF 543:564 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 5 46 from hLF 562:564 arg1 Hydrolysis 529:538 Hydrolysis 529:538 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF 529:564 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 2 47 theme human 185:189 arg1 pathogen 191:198 The opportunistic human pathogen 167:198 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis 167:220 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 2 47 theme human 185:189 arg1 glycosidases 247:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 10 48 theme enzymatic 1324:1332 arg1 activity 1334:1341 the enzymatic activity 1320:1341 the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis 1320:1397 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 2 49 theme opportunistic 171:183 arg1 pathogen 191:198 The opportunistic human pathogen 167:198 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis 167:220 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 2 49 theme opportunistic 171:183 arg1 glycosidases 247:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 11 50 from activity 1404:1411 arg1 consequences 1463:1474 the functional consequences 1448:1474 the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation 1448:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 11 50 from activity 1404:1411 arg1 hLF 1439:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 the human glycoprotein hLF 1416:1441 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 10 51 from commensal 1361:1369 arg1 activity 1334:1341 the enzymatic activity 1320:1341 the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis 1320:1397 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 2 52 theme putative 238:245 arg1 pathogen 191:198 The opportunistic human pathogen 167:198 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis 167:220 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 2 52 theme putative 238:245 arg1 glycosidases 247:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 9 53 theme other 1231:1235 arg1 source 1254:1259 no other preferred carbon source 1228:1259 no other preferred carbon source 1228:1259 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 11 54 theme bacterial 1576:1584 arg1 mechanism 1586:1594 a bacterial mechanism 1574:1594 a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function 1574:1633 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 7 55 theme hLF 774:776 arg1 Glycans 763:769 Glycans 763:769 Glycans of hLF 763:776 Glycans of hLF influence the binding to E. faecalis, and EndoE-hydrolyzed hLF inhibits biofilm formation to lesser extent than intact hLF indicating that EndoE prevents the inhibition of biofilm. 24608122 2 56 theme several 230:236 arg1 pathogen 191:198 The opportunistic human pathogen 167:198 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis 167:220 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 2 56 theme several 230:236 arg1 glycosidases 247:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 several putative glycosidases 230:258 The opportunistic human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis encodes several putative glycosidases but little is known about their functions. 24608122 11 57 theme formation 1511:1519 arg1 inhibition 1489:1498 reduced inhibition 1481:1498 reduced inhibition of biofilm formation 1481:1519 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 11 58 theme innate 1537:1542 arg1 functions 1553:1561 innate immunity functions 1537:1561 innate immunity functions of hLF 1537:1568 The activity on the human glycoprotein hLF, and the functional consequences with reduced inhibition of biofilm formation highlights both innate immunity functions of hLF and a bacterial mechanism to evade this innate immunity function. 24608122 10 59 from opportunist 1375:1385 arg1 activity 1334:1341 the enzymatic activity 1320:1341 the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis 1320:1397 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 12 60 theme glycans 1692:1698 arg1 importance 1678:1687 the importance 1674:1687 the importance of glycans in the interplay between bacteria and the human host 1674:1751 Taken together, our results underline the importance of glycans in the interplay between bacteria and the human host, with possible implications for both commensalism and opportunism. 24608122 4 61 theme glycoprotein 468:479 arg1 substrate 508:516 a new substrate 502:516 a new substrate for EndoE 502:526 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 4 61 theme glycoprotein 468:479 arg1 hLF 494:496 hLF 494:496 hLF 494:496 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 4 61 theme glycoprotein 468:479 arg1 lactoferrin 481:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin 458:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) 458:497 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 5 62 from Hydrolysis 529:538 arg1 hLF 562:564 hLF 562:564 hLF 562:564 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 6 63 theme faecalis 744:751 arg1 formation 728:736 biofilm formation 720:736 biofilm formation of E. faecalis 720:751 hLF was shown to inhibit biofilm formation of E. faecalis in vitro. 24608122 0 64 theme biofilm 63:69 arg1 lactoferrin 90:100 the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 59:100 the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 59:100 EndoE from Enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth. 24608122 4 65 theme human 462:466 arg1 substrate 508:516 a new substrate 502:516 a new substrate for EndoE 502:526 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 4 65 theme human 462:466 arg1 hLF 494:496 hLF 494:496 hLF 494:496 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 4 65 theme human 462:466 arg1 lactoferrin 481:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin 458:491 the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) 458:497 In this report we identified the human glycoprotein lactoferrin (hLF) as a new substrate for EndoE. 24608122 3 66 theme N-linked 375:382 arg1 glycans 384:390 the N-linked glycans 371:390 the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG) 371:426 The identified endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase EndoE has activity on the N-linked glycans of the human immunoglobulin G (IgG). 24608122 10 67 theme EndoE 1346:1350 arg1 activity 1334:1341 the enzymatic activity 1320:1341 the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis 1320:1397 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 9 68 theme Culture 1030:1036 arg1 experiments 1038:1048 Culture experiments 1030:1048 Culture experiments 1030:1048 Culture experiments showed that the activity of EndoE enables E. faecalis to use the glycans derived from lactoferrin as a carbon source indicating that they could be used as nutrients in vivo when no other preferred carbon source is available. 24608122 5 69 from protein 686:692 arg1 glycoforms 665:674 major glycoforms 659:674 major glycoforms from this protein 659:692 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 0 70 from faecalis 24:31 arg1 EndoE 0:4 EndoE 0:4 EndoE from Enterococcus faecalis 0:31 EndoE from Enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth. 24608122 5 71 theme N-glycans 547:555 arg1 Hydrolysis 529:538 Hydrolysis 529:538 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF 529:564 Hydrolysis of the N-glycans from hLF was investigated using lectin blot, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, showing that EndoE releases major glycoforms from this protein. 24608122 10 72 dep commensal 1361:1369 arg1 faecalis 1390:1397 E. faecalis 1387:1397 E. faecalis 1387:1397 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 10 72 dep commensal 1361:1369 arg1 the 1357:1359 the 1357:1359 the 1357:1359 This report adds important information about the enzymatic activity of EndoE from the commensal and opportunist E. faecalis. 24608122 0 73 theme lactoferrin 90:100 arg1 glycans 48:54 the glycans 44:54 the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin 44:100 EndoE from Enterococcus faecalis hydrolyzes the glycans of the biofilm inhibiting protein lactoferrin and mediates growth. 24945804 6 0 from HA 1035:1036 arg1 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 0 from HA 1035:1036 arg1 complex 1051:1057 the Golgi complex 1041:1057 the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity 1041:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 0 from HA 1035:1036 arg1 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 0 from HA 1035:1036 arg1 reticulum 1005:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum 989:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 989:1018 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 9 1 with consistent 1580:1589 arg1 lack 1598:1601 a lack 1596:1601 a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size 1596:1668 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 6 2 theme novel 899:903 arg1 assay 935:939 a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay 897:939 a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay 897:939 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 3 theme effective 1127:1135 arg1 immunogens 1155:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 12 4 theme HA 2101:2102 arg1 region 2109:2114 the HA stem region 2097:2114 the HA stem region 2097:2114 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 9 5 theme N-linked 1606:1613 arg1 oligosaccharide 1615:1629 N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance 1606:1646 N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance 1606:1646 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 6 6 theme good 1103:1106 arg1 news 1108:1111 potentially good news 1091:1111 potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1091:1164 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 9 7 theme small 1659:1663 arg1 size 1665:1668 its small size 1655:1668 its small size 1655:1668 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 4 8 theme thorough 682:689 arg1 comprehension 691:703 thorough comprehension 682:703 thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity 682:741 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 3 9 theme stem-based 534:543 arg1 immunogens 545:554 HA stem-based immunogens 531:554 HA stem-based immunogens 531:554 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 9 10 theme steric 1631:1636 arg1 hindrance 1638:1646 steric hindrance 1631:1646 N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance 1606:1646 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 12 11 theme immune 2078:2083 arg1 pressure 2085:2092 sufficient immune pressure 2067:2092 sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region 2067:2114 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 2 12 theme influenza 275:283 arg1 strains 291:297 influenza virus strains 275:297 influenza virus strains 275:297 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 5 13 theme IAV 844:846 arg1 strains 853:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains 828:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 828:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 7 14 theme full 1278:1281 arg1 antigenicity 1283:1294 full antigenicity 1278:1294 full antigenicity 1278:1294 Though HA stem epitopes are nestled among several N-linked oligosaccharides, glycosylation is not required for full antigenicity. 24945804 4 15 theme StRAb 649:653 arg1 functions 664:672 StRAb effector functions 649:672 StRAb effector functions 649:672 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 10 16 theme N-linked 1724:1731 arg1 glycans 1733:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 1 17 theme influenza 124:132 arg1 IAV 143:145 IAV 143:145 IAV 143:145 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 1 17 theme influenza 124:132 arg1 virus 136:140 influenza A virus 124:140 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 124:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 2 18 theme HA 239:240 arg1 stem 242:245 the HA stem 235:245 the HA stem 235:245 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 1 19 theme virus 136:140 arg1 HA 163:164 HA 163:164 HA 163:164 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 1 19 theme virus 136:140 arg1 hemagglutinin 148:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin 124:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 124:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 6 20 theme endoplasmic 993:1003 arg1 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 20 theme endoplasmic 993:1003 arg1 reticulum 1005:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum 989:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 989:1018 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 21 theme HA 1147:1148 arg1 immunogens 1155:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 7 22 theme stem 1177:1180 arg1 epitopes 1182:1189 HA stem epitopes 1174:1189 HA stem epitopes 1174:1189 Though HA stem epitopes are nestled among several N-linked oligosaccharides, glycosylation is not required for full antigenicity. 24945804 5 23 theme various 828:834 arg1 strains 853:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains 828:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 828:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 11 24 theme cross-linking 1787:1799 arg1 experiments 1801:1811 Chemical cross-linking experiments 1778:1811 Chemical cross-linking experiments 1778:1811 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 4 25 theme stem 711:714 arg1 structure 716:724 HA stem structure 708:724 HA stem structure 708:724 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 5 26 theme HA 777:778 arg1 epitopes 785:792 HA stem epitopes 777:792 HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 777:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 1 27 theme hemagglutinin 148:160 arg1 hemagglutinin 148:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin 124:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 124:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 1 27 theme hemagglutinin 148:160 arg1 domain 114:119 the globular domain 101:119 the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 101:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 6 28 theme monomeric 973:981 arg1 HA 983:984 monomeric HA 973:984 monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 973:1018 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 11 29 theme HA 1972:1973 arg1 flexibility 1957:1967 the conformational flexibility 1938:1967 the conformational flexibility of HA 1938:1973 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 10 30 contain carrying 1708:1715 arg1 HA 1705:1706 recombinant HA 1693:1706 recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner 1693:1775 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 10 30 contain carrying 1708:1715 arg2 glycans 1733:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 8 31 theme N-linked 1308:1315 arg1 glycans 1317:1323 N-linked glycans 1308:1323 N-linked glycans 1308:1323 Rather, as N-linked glycans increase in size during intracellular transport of HA through the GC, StRAb binding becomes temperature-sensitive, binding poorly to HA at 4°C and well at 37°C. 24945804 6 32 from news 1108:1111 arg1 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 32 from news 1108:1111 arg1 complex 1051:1057 the Golgi complex 1041:1057 the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity 1041:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 32 from news 1108:1111 arg1 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 32 from news 1108:1111 arg1 reticulum 1005:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum 989:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 989:1018 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 0 33 theme hemagglutinin 32:44 arg1 epitopes 68:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 6 34 from HA 983:984 arg1 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 34 from HA 983:984 arg1 complex 1051:1057 the Golgi complex 1041:1057 the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity 1041:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 34 from HA 983:984 arg1 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 ER 1016:1017 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 34 from HA 983:984 arg1 reticulum 1005:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum 989:1013 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 989:1018 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 11 35 theme StRAb 1866:1870 arg1 binding 1872:1878 StRAb binding 1866:1878 StRAb binding 1866:1878 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 6 36 theme trimerized 1024:1033 arg1 HA 1035:1036 trimerized HA 1024:1036 trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity 1024:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 12 37 theme N-linked 2191:2198 arg1 glycans 2200:2206 N-linked glycans 2191:2206 N-linked glycans 2191:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 3 38 theme viral 423:427 arg1 replication 429:439 viral replication 423:439 viral replication in animal models 423:456 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 0 39 theme influenza 14:22 arg1 epitopes 68:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 8 40 theme intracellular 1349:1361 arg1 transport 1363:1371 intracellular transport 1349:1371 intracellular transport of HA through the GC 1349:1392 Rather, as N-linked glycans increase in size during intracellular transport of HA through the GC, StRAb binding becomes temperature-sensitive, binding poorly to HA at 4°C and well at 37°C. 24945804 11 41 theme local 1890:1894 arg1 effects 1896:1902 direct local effects 1883:1902 direct local effects 1883:1902 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 0 42 theme virus 26:30 arg1 epitopes 68:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 5 43 theme epitopes 785:792 arg1 biogenesis 763:772 the biogenesis 759:772 the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 759:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 0 44 theme epitopes 68:75 arg1 Biogenesis 0:9 Biogenesis 0:9 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 0:76 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 12 45 theme increased 2159:2167 arg1 hindrance 2176:2184 increased steric hindrance 2159:2184 increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans 2159:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 0 46 theme cross-protective 46:61 arg1 epitopes 68:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 9 47 theme HA 1542:1543 arg1 stem 1545:1548 the mature HA stem 1531:1548 the mature HA stem independently of temperature 1531:1577 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 6 48 theme similar 1069:1075 arg1 avidity 1082:1088 similar high avidity 1069:1088 similar high avidity 1069:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 10 49 theme temperature-independent 1746:1768 arg1 manner 1770:1775 a temperature-independent manner 1744:1775 a temperature-independent manner 1744:1775 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 3 50 from replication 429:439 arg1 models 451:456 animal models 444:456 animal models 444:456 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 2 51 theme stem-reactive 303:315 arg1 antibodies 317:326 HA stem-reactive antibodies 300:326 HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) 300:335 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 2 51 theme stem-reactive 303:315 arg1 StRAbs 329:334 StRAbs 329:334 StRAbs 329:334 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 1 52 theme major 204:208 arg1 pathogen 216:223 this major human pathogen 199:223 this major human pathogen 199:223 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 7 53 theme N-linked 1217:1224 arg1 oligosaccharides 1226:1241 several N-linked oligosaccharides 1209:1241 several N-linked oligosaccharides 1209:1241 Though HA stem epitopes are nestled among several N-linked oligosaccharides, glycosylation is not required for full antigenicity. 24945804 12 54 theme viral 2133:2137 arg1 mutants 2146:2152 viral escape mutants 2133:2152 viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans 2133:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 9 55 theme temperature 1567:1577 arg1 stem 1545:1548 the mature HA stem 1531:1548 the mature HA stem independently of temperature 1531:1577 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 11 56 theme N-linked 1823:1830 arg1 oligosaccharides 1832:1847 N-linked oligosaccharides 1823:1847 N-linked oligosaccharides 1823:1847 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 1 57 from variation 88:96 arg1 hemagglutinin 148:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin 124:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 124:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 1 57 from variation 88:96 arg1 domain 114:119 the globular domain 101:119 the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 101:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 6 58 theme immunofluorescence 905:922 arg1 assay 935:939 a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay 897:939 a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay 897:939 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 59 theme Golgi 1045:1049 arg1 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 GC 1060:1061 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 6 59 theme Golgi 1045:1049 arg1 complex 1051:1057 the Golgi complex 1041:1057 the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity 1041:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 10 60 theme simple 1717:1722 arg1 glycans 1733:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 6 61 with complex 1051:1057 arg1 avidity 1082:1088 similar high avidity 1069:1088 similar high avidity 1069:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 9 62 dep designed 1496:1503 arg1 65-residue 1506:1515 65-residue 1506:1515 65-residue 1506:1515 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 4 63 theme effector 655:662 arg1 functions 664:672 StRAb effector functions 649:672 StRAb effector functions 649:672 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 8 64 link N-linked 1308:1315 arg1 glycans 1317:1323 N-linked glycans 1308:1323 N-linked glycans 1308:1323 Rather, as N-linked glycans increase in size during intracellular transport of HA through the GC, StRAb binding becomes temperature-sensitive, binding poorly to HA at 4°C and well at 37°C. 24945804 3 65 theme HA 531:532 arg1 immunogens 545:554 HA stem-based immunogens 531:554 HA stem-based immunogens 531:554 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 12 66 from glycans 2200:2206 arg1 hindrance 2176:2184 increased steric hindrance 2159:2184 increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans 2159:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 6 67 theme human 955:959 arg1 StRAbs 961:966 human StRAbs 955:966 human StRAbs 955:966 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 9 68 theme oligosaccharide 1615:1629 arg1 lack 1598:1601 a lack 1596:1601 a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size 1596:1668 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 12 69 theme stem 2104:2107 arg1 region 2109:2114 the HA stem region 2097:2114 the HA stem region 2097:2114 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 2 70 theme virus 285:289 arg1 strains 291:297 influenza virus strains 275:297 influenza virus strains 275:297 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 5 71 theme drifted 836:842 arg1 strains 853:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains 828:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 828:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 8 72 theme StRAb 1395:1399 arg1 binding 1401:1407 StRAb binding 1395:1407 StRAb binding 1395:1407 Rather, as N-linked glycans increase in size during intracellular transport of HA through the GC, StRAb binding becomes temperature-sensitive, binding poorly to HA at 4°C and well at 37°C. 24945804 12 73 theme sufficient 2067:2076 arg1 pressure 2085:2092 sufficient immune pressure 2067:2092 sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region 2067:2114 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 3 74 theme drift-resistant 559:573 arg1 vaccines 575:582 drift-resistant vaccines 559:582 drift-resistant vaccines 559:582 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 5 75 theme H1N1 848:851 arg1 strains 853:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains 828:859 various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 828:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 11 76 theme Chemical 1778:1785 arg1 experiments 1801:1811 Chemical cross-linking experiments 1778:1811 Chemical cross-linking experiments 1778:1811 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 3 77 theme immunogens 545:554 arg1 potential 518:526 the potential 514:526 the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines 514:582 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 6 78 theme -based 928:933 arg1 assay 935:939 a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay 897:939 a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay 897:939 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 7 79 link N-linked 1217:1224 arg1 oligosaccharides 1226:1241 several N-linked oligosaccharides 1209:1241 several N-linked oligosaccharides 1209:1241 Though HA stem epitopes are nestled among several N-linked oligosaccharides, glycosylation is not required for full antigenicity. 24945804 4 80 theme structure 716:724 arg1 comprehension 691:703 thorough comprehension 682:703 thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity 682:741 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 9 81 dep oligosaccharide 1615:1629 arg1 hindrance 1638:1646 steric hindrance 1631:1646 N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance 1606:1646 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 11 82 link N-linked 1823:1830 arg1 oligosaccharides 1832:1847 N-linked oligosaccharides 1823:1847 N-linked oligosaccharides 1823:1847 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 1 83 theme A 134:134 arg1 IAV 143:145 IAV 143:145 IAV 143:145 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 1 83 theme A 134:134 arg1 virus 136:140 influenza A virus 124:140 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 124:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 6 84 theme stem 1150:1153 arg1 immunogens 1155:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 4 85 theme antigenicity 730:741 arg1 comprehension 691:703 thorough comprehension 682:703 thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity 682:741 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 10 86 link N-linked 1724:1731 arg1 glycans 1733:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 simple N-linked glycans 1717:1739 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 7 87 theme HA 1174:1175 arg1 epitopes 1182:1189 HA stem epitopes 1174:1189 HA stem epitopes 1174:1189 Though HA stem epitopes are nestled among several N-linked oligosaccharides, glycosylation is not required for full antigenicity. 24945804 11 88 theme conformational 1942:1955 arg1 flexibility 1957:1967 the conformational flexibility 1938:1967 the conformational flexibility of HA 1938:1973 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 1 89 theme effective 177:185 arg1 immunity 187:194 effective immunity 177:194 effective immunity to this major human pathogen 177:223 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 6 90 theme monomeric 1137:1145 arg1 immunogens 1155:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 effective monomeric HA stem immunogens 1127:1164 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 12 91 link N-linked 2191:2198 arg1 glycans 2200:2206 N-linked glycans 2191:2206 N-linked glycans 2191:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 4 92 theme HA 708:709 arg1 structure 716:724 HA stem structure 708:724 HA stem structure 708:724 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 24945804 10 93 theme recombinant 1693:1703 arg1 HA 1705:1706 recombinant HA 1693:1706 recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner 1693:1775 Likewise, StRAbs bind recombinant HA carrying simple N-linked glycans in a temperature-independent manner. 24945804 3 94 theme animal 444:449 arg1 models 451:456 animal models 444:456 animal models 444:456 It is now clear, however, that StRAbs reduce viral replication in animal models and protect against pathogenicity and death, supporting the potential of HA stem-based immunogens as drift-resistant vaccines. 24945804 1 95 theme Antigenic 78:86 arg1 variation 88:96 Antigenic variation 78:96 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 78:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 9 96 link N-linked 1606:1613 arg1 oligosaccharide 1615:1629 N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance 1606:1646 N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance 1606:1646 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 12 97 with mutants 2146:2152 arg1 hindrance 2176:2184 increased steric hindrance 2159:2184 increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans 2159:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 11 98 theme direct 1883:1888 arg1 effects 1896:1902 direct local effects 1883:1902 direct local effects 1883:1902 Chemical cross-linking experiments show that N-linked oligosaccharides likely influence StRAb binding by direct local effects rather than by globally modifying the conformational flexibility of HA. 24945804 12 99 from pressure 2085:2092 arg1 region 2109:2114 the HA stem region 2097:2114 the HA stem region 2097:2114 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 9 100 theme designed 1496:1503 arg1 protein 1517:1523 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein 1486:1523 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein 1486:1523 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 12 101 theme steric 2169:2174 arg1 hindrance 2176:2184 increased steric hindrance 2159:2184 increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans 2159:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 0 102 theme a 24:24 arg1 epitopes 68:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 1 103 theme globular 105:112 arg1 hemagglutinin 148:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin 124:160 influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 124:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 1 103 theme globular 105:112 arg1 domain 114:119 the globular domain 101:119 the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) 101:165 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 5 104 theme stem 780:783 arg1 epitopes 785:792 HA stem epitopes 777:792 HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs 777:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 12 105 theme escape 2139:2144 arg1 mutants 2146:2152 viral escape mutants 2133:2152 viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans 2133:2206 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 0 106 theme stem 63:66 arg1 epitopes 68:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes 14:75 Biogenesis of influenza a virus hemagglutinin cross-protective stem epitopes. 24945804 9 107 theme mature 1535:1540 arg1 stem 1545:1548 the mature HA stem 1531:1548 the mature HA stem independently of temperature 1531:1577 A de novo designed, 65-residue protein binds the mature HA stem independently of temperature, consistent with a lack of N-linked oligosaccharide steric hindrance due to its small size. 24945804 6 108 theme high 1077:1080 arg1 avidity 1082:1088 similar high avidity 1069:1088 similar high avidity 1069:1088 Using a novel immunofluorescence (IF)-based assay, we find that human StRAbs bind monomeric HA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trimerized HA in the Golgi complex (GC) with similar high avidity, potentially good news for producing effective monomeric HA stem immunogens. 24945804 5 109 dep mouse 867:871 arg1 StRAbs 883:888 StRAbs 883:888 StRAbs 883:888 Here, we study the biogenesis of HA stem epitopes recognized in cells infected with various drifted IAV H1N1 strains using mouse and human StRAbs. 24945804 7 110 theme several 1209:1215 arg1 oligosaccharides 1226:1241 several N-linked oligosaccharides 1209:1241 several N-linked oligosaccharides 1209:1241 Though HA stem epitopes are nestled among several N-linked oligosaccharides, glycosylation is not required for full antigenicity. 24945804 8 111 theme HA 1376:1377 arg1 transport 1363:1371 intracellular transport 1349:1371 intracellular transport of HA through the GC 1349:1392 Rather, as N-linked glycans increase in size during intracellular transport of HA through the GC, StRAb binding becomes temperature-sensitive, binding poorly to HA at 4°C and well at 37°C. 24945804 2 112 theme HA 300:301 arg1 antibodies 317:326 HA stem-reactive antibodies 300:326 HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) 300:335 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 2 112 theme HA 300:301 arg1 StRAbs 329:334 StRAbs 329:334 StRAbs 329:334 Although the HA stem is highly conserved between influenza virus strains, HA stem-reactive antibodies (StRAbs) were long considered biologically inert. 24945804 1 113 theme human 210:214 arg1 pathogen 216:223 this major human pathogen 199:223 this major human pathogen 199:223 Antigenic variation in the globular domain of influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA) precludes effective immunity to this major human pathogen. 24945804 12 114 theme StRAb 2003:2007 arg1 binding 2009:2015 StRAb binding 2003:2015 StRAb binding to HA 2003:2021 Our findings indicate that StRAb binding to HA is precarious, raising the possibility that sufficient immune pressure on the HA stem region could select for viral escape mutants with increased steric hindrance from N-linked glycans. 24945804 4 115 theme StRAb-inducing 605:618 arg1 immunogens 620:629 StRAb-inducing immunogens 605:629 StRAb-inducing immunogens 605:629 Optimally designing StRAb-inducing immunogens and understanding StRAb effector functions require thorough comprehension of HA stem structure and antigenicity. 28456644 9 0 theme acidic 1194:1199 arg1 medium 1201:1206 acidic medium 1194:1206 acidic medium (pH 1.2) 1194:1215 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 9 0 theme acidic 1194:1199 arg1 pH 1209:1210 pH 1.2 1209:1214 pH 1.2 1209:1214 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 11 1 theme drug 1435:1438 arg1 effects 1420:1426 the gastrointestinal side effects 1394:1426 the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug 1394:1438 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 8 2 theme release 1037:1043 arg1 data 1045:1048 The drug release data 1028:1048 The drug release data 1028:1048 The drug release data corroborated well with the swelling properties of the nanocomposites. 28456644 6 3 theme maximum 788:794 arg1 efficiency 812:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency 784:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% 784:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 3 4 theme particle 513:520 arg1 size 522:525 particle size 513:525 particle size of the composites 513:543 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 6 5 dep obtained 875:882 arg1 ratio 900:904 CS mass ratio 892:904 CS mass ratio of 1:5 892:911 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 2 6 theme materials 360:368 arg1 formation 337:345 the formation 333:345 the formation of composite materials 333:368 Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of composite materials and ensured the chemical compatibility between drug and polymers. 28456644 0 7 theme aceclofenac 93:103 arg1 delivery 81:88 delivery 81:88 delivery of aceclofenac 81:103 Chitosan - Locust bean gum interpenetrating polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac. 28456644 10 8 theme transport 1283:1291 arg1 mechanism 1293:1301 anomalous transport mechanism 1273:1301 anomalous transport mechanism 1273:1301 The drug delivery from the nanocomposites occurred via anomalous transport mechanism in vitro. 28456644 11 9 theme LBG-based 1347:1355 arg1 system 1372:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 11 10 theme chitosan- 1333:1341 arg1 system 1372:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 11 11 theme novel 1327:1331 arg1 system 1372:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 6 12 theme 318nm-size 860:869 arg1 efficiency 812:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency 784:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% 784:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 12 theme 318nm-size 860:869 arg1 318nm-size 860:869 318nm-size 860:869 318nm-size 860:869 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 12 theme 318nm-size 860:869 arg1 composites 846:855 smallest composites 837:855 smallest composites of 318nm-size 837:869 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 12 theme 318nm-size 860:869 arg1 % 831:831 78.92% 826:831 78.92% 826:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 4 13 theme 40 621:622 arg1 % 616:616 % 616:616 % 616:616 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 3 14 theme component 450:458 arg1 polymers 460:467 component polymers 450:467 component polymers 450:467 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 11 15 theme sustained 1474:1482 arg1 fashion 1484:1490 a slow sustained fashion 1467:1490 a slow sustained fashion 1467:1490 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 3 16 theme composites 534:543 arg1 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 3 16 theme composites 534:543 arg1 efficiency 492:501 the drug entrapment efficiency 472:501 the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) 472:507 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 3 16 theme composites 534:543 arg1 size 522:525 particle size 513:525 particle size of the composites 513:543 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 1 17 theme natural 183:189 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 natural polysaccharides 183:205 natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker 183:289 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 17 theme natural 183:189 arg1 gum 244:246 locust bean gum 232:246 locust bean gum (LBG) 232:252 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 17 theme natural 183:189 arg1 chitosan 214:221 chitosan 214:221 chitosan (CS) 214:226 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 6 18 theme 1:5 909:911 arg1 ratio 900:904 CS mass ratio 892:904 CS mass ratio of 1:5 892:911 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 4 19 theme larger 638:643 arg1 particles 645:653 larger particles 638:653 larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions 638:677 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 11 20 theme gastrointestinal 1398:1413 arg1 effects 1420:1426 the gastrointestinal side effects 1394:1426 the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug 1394:1438 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 4 21 theme 372-485nm 658:666 arg1 dimensions 668:677 372-485nm dimensions 658:677 372-485nm dimensions 658:677 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 8 22 theme swelling 1077:1084 arg1 properties 1086:1095 the swelling properties 1073:1095 the swelling properties of the nanocomposites 1073:1117 The drug release data corroborated well with the swelling properties of the nanocomposites. 28456644 4 23 theme Increasing 559:568 arg1 content 574:580 Increasing LBG content 559:580 Increasing LBG content 559:580 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 9 24 theme drug 1186:1189 arg1 release 1175:1181 the burst release 1165:1181 the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2) 1165:1215 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 2 25 theme chemical 386:393 arg1 compatibility 395:407 the chemical compatibility 382:407 the chemical compatibility between drug and polymers 382:433 Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of composite materials and ensured the chemical compatibility between drug and polymers. 28456644 0 26 theme bean 18:21 arg1 gum 23:25 Locust bean gum 11:25 Locust bean gum 11:25 Chitosan - Locust bean gum interpenetrating polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac. 28456644 7 27 theme buffer 993:998 arg1 pH 1010:1011 pH 6.8 1010:1015 pH 6.8 1010:1015 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 7 27 theme buffer 993:998 arg1 solution 1000:1007 phosphate buffer solution 983:1007 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 983:1016 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 9 28 theme composite 1124:1132 arg1 systems 1134:1140 The composite systems 1120:1140 The composite systems 1120:1140 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 2 29 theme spectroscopy 301:312 arg1 analysis 314:321 Infrared spectroscopy analysis 292:321 Infrared spectroscopy analysis 292:321 Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of composite materials and ensured the chemical compatibility between drug and polymers. 28456644 9 30 from release 1175:1181 arg1 medium 1201:1206 acidic medium 1194:1206 acidic medium (pH 1.2) 1194:1215 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 9 30 from release 1175:1181 arg1 pH 1209:1210 pH 1.2 1209:1214 pH 1.2 1209:1214 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 3 31 theme drug 476:479 arg1 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 3 31 theme drug 476:479 arg1 efficiency 492:501 the drug entrapment efficiency 472:501 the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) 472:507 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 0 32 theme Locust 11:16 arg1 gum 23:25 Locust bean gum 11:25 Locust bean gum 11:25 Chitosan - Locust bean gum interpenetrating polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac. 28456644 5 33 theme opposite 692:699 arg1 trend 701:705 an opposite trend 689:705 an opposite trend 689:705 However, an opposite trend was noted as the concentration of CS was increased. 28456644 6 34 theme smallest 837:844 arg1 318nm-size 860:869 318nm-size 860:869 318nm-size 860:869 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 34 theme smallest 837:844 arg1 % 831:831 78.92% 826:831 78.92% 826:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 34 theme smallest 837:844 arg1 composites 846:855 smallest composites 837:855 smallest composites of 318nm-size 837:869 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 2 35 theme Infrared 292:299 arg1 analysis 314:321 Infrared spectroscopy analysis 292:321 Infrared spectroscopy analysis 292:321 Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of composite materials and ensured the chemical compatibility between drug and polymers. 28456644 4 36 from % 623:623 arg1 DEE 605:607 the DEE 601:607 the DEE from 72% to 40% 601:623 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 3 37 theme entrapment 481:490 arg1 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 3 37 theme entrapment 481:490 arg1 efficiency 492:501 the drug entrapment efficiency 472:501 the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) 472:507 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 4 38 theme LBG 570:572 arg1 content 574:580 Increasing LBG content 559:580 Increasing LBG content 559:580 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 1 39 dep polysaccharides 191:205 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 natural polysaccharides 183:205 natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker 183:289 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 39 dep polysaccharides 191:205 arg1 LBG 249:251 LBG 249:251 LBG 249:251 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 39 dep polysaccharides 191:205 arg1 gum 244:246 locust bean gum 232:246 locust bean gum (LBG) 232:252 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 39 dep polysaccharides 191:205 arg1 CS 224:225 CS 224:225 CS 224:225 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 39 dep polysaccharides 191:205 arg1 chitosan 214:221 chitosan 214:221 chitosan (CS) 214:226 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 11 40 theme nanocomposites 1357:1370 arg1 system 1372:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system 1322:1377 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 8 41 theme nanocomposites 1104:1117 arg1 properties 1086:1095 the swelling properties 1073:1095 the swelling properties of the nanocomposites 1073:1117 The drug release data corroborated well with the swelling properties of the nanocomposites. 28456644 7 42 theme phosphate 983:991 arg1 pH 1010:1011 pH 6.8 1010:1015 pH 6.8 1010:1015 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 7 42 theme phosphate 983:991 arg1 solution 1000:1007 phosphate buffer solution 983:1007 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 983:1016 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 6 43 theme % 831:831 arg1 efficiency 812:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency 784:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% 784:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 43 theme % 831:831 arg1 318nm-size 860:869 318nm-size 860:869 318nm-size 860:869 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 43 theme % 831:831 arg1 composites 846:855 smallest composites 837:855 smallest composites of 318nm-size 837:869 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 6 43 theme % 831:831 arg1 % 831:831 78.92% 826:831 78.92% 826:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 7 44 dep 8h 1024:1025 arg1 up 1018:1019 up 1018:1019 up 1018:1019 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 0 45 theme network 54:60 arg1 nanocomposites 62:75 polymeric network nanocomposites 44:75 polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac 44:103 Chitosan - Locust bean gum interpenetrating polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac. 28456644 7 46 theme release 963:969 arg1 profiles 971:978 the slowest drug release profiles 946:978 the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h 946:1025 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 2 47 theme composite 350:358 arg1 materials 360:368 composite materials 350:368 composite materials 350:368 Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of composite materials and ensured the chemical compatibility between drug and polymers. 28456644 0 48 theme polymeric 44:52 arg1 nanocomposites 62:75 polymeric network nanocomposites 44:75 polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac 44:103 Chitosan - Locust bean gum interpenetrating polymeric network nanocomposites for delivery of aceclofenac. 28456644 6 49 theme mass 895:898 arg1 ratio 900:904 CS mass ratio 892:904 CS mass ratio of 1:5 892:911 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 9 50 theme burst 1169:1173 arg1 release 1175:1181 the burst release 1165:1181 the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2) 1165:1215 The composite systems efficiently suppressed the burst release of drug in acidic medium (pH 1.2). 28456644 10 51 theme drug 1222:1225 arg1 delivery 1227:1234 The drug delivery 1218:1234 The drug delivery from the nanocomposites 1218:1258 The drug delivery from the nanocomposites occurred via anomalous transport mechanism in vitro. 28456644 10 52 theme anomalous 1273:1281 arg1 mechanism 1293:1301 anomalous transport mechanism 1273:1301 anomalous transport mechanism 1273:1301 The drug delivery from the nanocomposites occurred via anomalous transport mechanism in vitro. 28456644 6 53 theme CS 892:893 arg1 ratio 900:904 CS mass ratio 892:904 CS mass ratio of 1:5 892:911 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 7 54 theme slowest 950:956 arg1 profiles 971:978 the slowest drug release profiles 946:978 the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h 946:1025 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 4 55 dep % 616:616 arg1 to 618:619 to 618:619 to 618:619 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 1 56 theme aceclofenac-loaded 121:138 arg1 nanocomposites 144:157 aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites 121:157 aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites 121:157 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 11 57 theme side 1415:1418 arg1 effects 1420:1426 the gastrointestinal side effects 1394:1426 the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug 1394:1438 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 4 58 theme 72 614:615 arg1 % 616:616 % 616:616 % 616:616 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 7 59 theme drug 958:961 arg1 profiles 971:978 the slowest drug release profiles 946:978 the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h 946:1025 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 6 60 theme entrapment 801:810 arg1 efficiency 812:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency 784:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% 784:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 3 61 from effect 440:445 arg1 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 DEE 504:506 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 3 61 from effect 440:445 arg1 efficiency 492:501 the drug entrapment efficiency 472:501 the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) 472:507 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 3 61 from effect 440:445 arg1 size 522:525 particle size 513:525 particle size of the composites 513:543 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 1 62 theme IPN 140:142 arg1 nanocomposites 144:157 aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites 121:157 aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites 121:157 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 63 theme locust 232:237 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 natural polysaccharides 183:205 natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker 183:289 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 63 theme locust 232:237 arg1 LBG 249:251 LBG 249:251 LBG 249:251 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 63 theme locust 232:237 arg1 gum 244:246 locust bean gum 232:246 locust bean gum (LBG) 232:252 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 8 64 theme drug 1032:1035 arg1 data 1045:1048 The drug release data 1028:1048 The drug release data 1028:1048 The drug release data corroborated well with the swelling properties of the nanocomposites. 28456644 6 65 theme drug 796:799 arg1 efficiency 812:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency 784:821 the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% 784:831 Out of these composites, the maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 78.92% and smallest composites of 318nm-size was obtained at LBG: CS mass ratio of 1:5. 28456644 10 66 from nanocomposites 1245:1258 arg1 delivery 1227:1234 The drug delivery 1218:1234 The drug delivery from the nanocomposites 1218:1258 The drug delivery from the nanocomposites occurred via anomalous transport mechanism in vitro. 28456644 3 67 theme polymers 460:467 arg1 effect 440:445 The effect 436:445 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites 436:543 The effect of component polymers on the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and particle size of the composites was examined. 28456644 1 68 theme bean 239:242 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 natural polysaccharides 183:205 natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker 183:289 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 68 theme bean 239:242 arg1 LBG 249:251 LBG 249:251 LBG 249:251 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 1 68 theme bean 239:242 arg1 gum 244:246 locust bean gum 232:246 locust bean gum (LBG) 232:252 In this study, aceclofenac-loaded IPN nanocomposites were developed based on natural polysaccharides namely chitosan (CS) and locust bean gum (LBG) using glutaraldehyde as cross-linker. 28456644 5 69 theme CS 741:742 arg1 concentration 724:736 the concentration 720:736 the concentration of CS 720:742 However, an opposite trend was noted as the concentration of CS was increased. 28456644 11 70 theme slow 1469:1472 arg1 fashion 1484:1490 a slow sustained fashion 1467:1490 a slow sustained fashion 1467:1490 Overall, this novel chitosan- and LBG-based nanocomposites system could minimize the gastrointestinal side effects of the drug by providing medication in a slow sustained fashion. 28456644 4 71 theme dimensions 668:677 arg1 particles 645:653 larger particles 638:653 larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions 638:677 Increasing LBG content actually decreased the DEE from 72% to 40% and produced larger particles of 372-485nm dimensions. 28456644 7 72 from profiles 971:978 arg1 pH 1010:1011 pH 6.8 1010:1015 pH 6.8 1010:1015 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28456644 7 72 from profiles 971:978 arg1 solution 1000:1007 phosphate buffer solution 983:1007 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) 983:1016 However, CS: LBG (1:5) provided the slowest drug release profiles in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) up to 8h. 28579464 0 0 theme Glycine 105:111 arg1 soja 113:116 Glycine soja 105:116 Glycine soja 105:116 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 1 1 theme polysaccharide 344:357 arg1 fractions 359:367 three polysaccharide fractions 338:367 three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) 338:392 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 1 theme polysaccharide 344:357 arg1 GPS-1 376:380 GPS-1 376:380 GPS-1 376:380 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 1 theme polysaccharide 344:357 arg1 GPS-2 387:391 GPS-2 387:391 GPS-2 387:391 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 1 theme polysaccharide 344:357 arg1 CGPS 370:373 CGPS 370:373 CGPS 370:373 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 2 2 dep conditions 464:473 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 2 dep conditions 464:473 arg1 293.7W 528:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 2 dep conditions 464:473 arg1 34.7min 587:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 2 dep conditions 464:473 arg1 68.9°C 559:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 2 dep conditions 464:473 arg1 ratio 476:480 ratio 476:480 ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g 476:508 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 4 3 theme them 904:907 arg1 structures 890:899 the chemical structures 877:899 the chemical structures of them 877:907 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) indicated the chemical structures of them. 28579464 1 4 theme fractions 359:367 arg1 characterization 318:333 a preliminary characterization 304:333 a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities 304:425 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 2 5 theme liquid 485:490 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 5 theme liquid 485:490 arg1 293.7W 528:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 5 theme liquid 485:490 arg1 34.7min 587:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 5 theme liquid 485:490 arg1 68.9°C 559:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 5 theme liquid 485:490 arg1 ratio 476:480 ratio 476:480 ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g 476:508 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 4 6 theme chemical 881:888 arg1 structures 890:899 the chemical structures 877:899 the chemical structures of them 877:907 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) indicated the chemical structures of them. 28579464 1 7 theme Glycine 279:285 arg1 CGPS 293:296 CGPS 293:296 CGPS 293:296 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 7 theme Glycine 279:285 arg1 soja 287:290 Glycine soja 279:290 Glycine soja (CGPS) 279:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 2 8 theme power 522:526 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 8 theme power 522:526 arg1 293.7W 528:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 3 9 theme Sephadex-100 686:697 arg1 chromatography 699:712 DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography 667:712 chromatography 699:712 CGPS was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2), and their monosaccharides compositions were characterized by HPLC. 28579464 5 10 theme concentration-dependent 968:990 arg1 manner 992:997 a concentration-dependent manner 966:997 a concentration-dependent manner 966:997 Moreover, they exhibited high antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 28579464 2 11 theme extraction 511:520 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 11 theme extraction 511:520 arg1 293.7W 528:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 12 theme time 582:585 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 12 theme time 582:585 arg1 34.7min 587:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 6 13 theme antioxidant 1186:1196 arg1 agents 1198:1203 potential antioxidant agents 1176:1203 potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food 1176:1234 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 6 13 theme antioxidant 1186:1196 arg1 polysaccharides 1139:1153 the polysaccharides 1135:1153 the polysaccharides 1135:1153 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 2 14 theme optimal 456:462 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 14 theme optimal 456:462 arg1 293.7W 528:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 extraction power 293.7W 511:533 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 14 theme optimal 456:462 arg1 34.7min 587:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 14 theme optimal 456:462 arg1 68.9°C 559:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 14 theme optimal 456:462 arg1 ratio 476:480 ratio 476:480 ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g 476:508 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 6 15 theme potential 1176:1184 arg1 agents 1198:1203 potential antioxidant agents 1176:1203 potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food 1176:1234 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 6 15 theme potential 1176:1184 arg1 polysaccharides 1139:1153 the polysaccharides 1135:1153 the polysaccharides 1135:1153 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 2 16 theme CGPS 613:616 arg1 6.04mg/g 628:635 6.04mg/g 628:635 6.04mg/g 628:635 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 16 theme CGPS 613:616 arg1 yield 618:622 the experimental CGPS yield 596:622 the experimental CGPS yield 596:622 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 17 theme solid 495:499 arg1 42.7mL/g 501:508 solid 42.7mL/g 495:508 solid 42.7mL/g 495:508 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 5 18 theme antioxidant 940:950 arg1 activities 952:961 high antioxidant activities 935:961 high antioxidant activities 935:961 Moreover, they exhibited high antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 28579464 6 19 theme effective 1069:1077 arg1 method 1079:1084 a very effective method 1062:1084 a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja 1062:1129 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 6 19 theme effective 1069:1077 arg1 UAE 1054:1056 UAE 1054:1056 UAE 1054:1056 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 1 20 dep fractions 359:367 arg1 fractions 359:367 three polysaccharide fractions 338:367 three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) 338:392 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 20 dep fractions 359:367 arg1 GPS-1 376:380 GPS-1 376:380 GPS-1 376:380 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 20 dep fractions 359:367 arg1 GPS-2 387:391 GPS-2 387:391 GPS-2 387:391 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 20 dep fractions 359:367 arg1 CGPS 370:373 CGPS 370:373 CGPS 370:373 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 2 21 theme experimental 600:611 arg1 6.04mg/g 628:635 6.04mg/g 628:635 6.04mg/g 628:635 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 21 theme experimental 600:611 arg1 yield 618:622 the experimental CGPS yield 596:622 the experimental CGPS yield 596:622 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 3 22 theme monosaccharides 767:781 arg1 compositions 783:794 their monosaccharides compositions 761:794 their monosaccharides compositions 761:794 CGPS was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2), and their monosaccharides compositions were characterized by HPLC. 28579464 0 23 theme preliminary 25:35 arg1 characterization 37:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 1 24 from soja 287:290 arg1 polysaccharides 258:272 polysaccharides 258:272 polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS) 258:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 24 from soja 287:290 arg1 conditions 244:253 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions 203:253 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS) 203:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 4 25 theme Fourier-transform 824:840 arg1 FT-IR 860:864 FT-IR 860:864 FT-IR 860:864 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) indicated the chemical structures of them. 28579464 4 25 theme Fourier-transform 824:840 arg1 spectra 851:857 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 824:857 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) 824:865 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) indicated the chemical structures of them. 28579464 1 26 theme Single-factor 119:131 arg1 experiment 133:142 Single-factor experiment 119:142 Single-factor experiment 119:142 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 27 theme ultrasound-assisted 207:225 arg1 extraction 227:236 ultrasound-assisted extraction 207:236 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS) 203:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 27 theme ultrasound-assisted 207:225 arg1 UAE 239:241 UAE 239:241 UAE 239:241 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 2 28 theme extraction 536:545 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 28 theme extraction 536:545 arg1 68.9°C 559:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 6 29 theme extract 1089:1095 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 extract polysaccharides 1089:1111 extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja 1089:1129 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 1 30 theme extraction 227:236 arg1 conditions 244:253 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions 203:253 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS) 203:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 6 31 dep medicine 1209:1216 arg1 food 1231:1234 food 1231:1234 food 1231:1234 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 1 32 theme preliminary 306:316 arg1 characterization 318:333 a preliminary characterization 304:333 a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities 304:425 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 2 33 theme extraction 571:580 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 33 theme extraction 571:580 arg1 34.7min 587:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 extraction time 34.7min 571:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 4 34 theme infrared 842:849 arg1 FT-IR 860:864 FT-IR 860:864 FT-IR 860:864 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) indicated the chemical structures of them. 28579464 4 34 theme infrared 842:849 arg1 spectra 851:857 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 824:857 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) 824:865 Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) indicated the chemical structures of them. 28579464 6 35 from soja 1126:1129 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 extract polysaccharides 1089:1111 extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja 1089:1129 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 0 36 theme antioxidant 58:68 arg1 activities 70:79 antioxidant activities 58:79 antioxidant activities 58:79 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 3 37 dep fractions 728:736 arg1 GPS-2 749:753 GPS-2 749:753 GPS-2 749:753 CGPS was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2), and their monosaccharides compositions were characterized by HPLC. 28579464 3 37 dep fractions 728:736 arg1 GPS-1 739:743 GPS-1 739:743 GPS-1 739:743 CGPS was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2), and their monosaccharides compositions were characterized by HPLC. 28579464 3 37 dep fractions 728:736 arg1 fractions 728:736 two fractions 724:736 two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2) 724:754 CGPS was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2), and their monosaccharides compositions were characterized by HPLC. 28579464 2 38 theme temperature 547:557 arg1 conditions 464:473 the optimal conditions 452:473 the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min 452:593 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 2 38 theme temperature 547:557 arg1 68.9°C 559:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 extraction temperature 68.9°C 536:564 Under the optimal conditions: ratio of liquid to solid 42.7mL/g, extraction power 293.7W, extraction temperature 68.9°C, and extraction time 34.7min, the experimental CGPS yield was 6.04mg/g. 28579464 3 39 theme DEAE-cellulose 667:680 arg1 chromatography 699:712 DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography 667:712 chromatography 699:712 CGPS was further purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex-100 chromatography to obtain two fractions (GPS-1 and GPS-2), and their monosaccharides compositions were characterized by HPLC. 28579464 1 40 theme Central 148:154 arg1 CCD 174:176 CCD 174:176 CCD 174:176 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 40 theme Central 148:154 arg1 Design 166:171 Central Composite Design 148:171 Central Composite Design (CCD) 148:177 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 41 theme antioxidant 404:414 arg1 activities 416:425 their antioxidant activities 398:425 their antioxidant activities 398:425 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 42 theme Composite 156:164 arg1 CCD 174:176 CCD 174:176 CCD 174:176 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 42 theme Composite 156:164 arg1 Design 166:171 Central Composite Design 148:171 Central Composite Design (CCD) 148:177 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 43 from conditions 244:253 arg1 CGPS 293:296 CGPS 293:296 CGPS 293:296 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 43 from conditions 244:253 arg1 soja 287:290 Glycine soja 279:290 Glycine soja (CGPS) 279:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 1 44 theme activities 416:425 arg1 characterization 318:333 a preliminary characterization 304:333 a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities 304:425 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 28579464 5 45 theme high 935:938 arg1 activities 952:961 high antioxidant activities 935:961 high antioxidant activities 935:961 Moreover, they exhibited high antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 28579464 0 46 theme polysaccharides 84:98 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 0 46 theme polysaccharides 84:98 arg1 characterization 37:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 0 46 theme polysaccharides 84:98 arg1 activities 70:79 antioxidant activities 58:79 antioxidant activities 58:79 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 0 47 from soja 113:116 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 0 47 from soja 113:116 arg1 characterization 37:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 0 47 from soja 113:116 arg1 activities 70:79 antioxidant activities 58:79 antioxidant activities 58:79 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 6 48 theme Glycine 1118:1124 arg1 soja 1126:1129 Glycine soja 1118:1129 Glycine soja 1118:1129 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 6 49 theme present 1025:1031 arg1 study 1033:1037 the present study 1021:1037 the present study 1021:1037 In summary, the present study suggested that UAE was a very effective method to extract polysaccharides from Glycine soja and the polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant agents for medicine and function food. 28579464 0 50 dep Extraction 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 optimization 11:22 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Glycine soja. 28579464 1 51 theme polysaccharides 258:272 arg1 conditions 244:253 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions 203:253 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS) 203:297 Single-factor experiment and Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of polysaccharides from Glycine soja (CGPS), and a preliminary characterization of three polysaccharide fractions (CGPS, GPS-1, and GPS-2) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. 27879335 17 0 theme virulence 2554:2562 arg1 repertoire 2564:2573 its virulence repertoire 2550:2573 its virulence repertoire 2550:2573 Hence, here we show that EHEC senses multiple sugar sources and oxygen levels to optimally control the expression of its virulence repertoire. 27879335 18 1 theme different 2631:2639 arg1 compartments 2652:2663 sense different intestinal compartments 2625:2663 sense different intestinal compartments 2625:2663 This exquisite regulatory control equips EHEC to sense different intestinal compartments to colonize the host. 27879335 13 2 theme diverse 2002:2008 arg1 microenvironments 2014:2030 diverse gut microenvironments 2002:2030 diverse gut microenvironments 2002:2030 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens have to be crafty when interpreting multiple environmental cues to successfully establish themselves within complex and diverse gut microenvironments. 27879335 6 3 theme secretion 842:850 arg1 T3SS 860:863 T3SS 860:863 T3SS 860:863 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 3 theme secretion 842:850 arg1 system 852:857 III secretion system 838:857 its type III secretion system (T3SS) 829:864 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 5 4 theme complex 528:534 arg1 cues 550:553 complex environmental cues 528:553 complex environmental cues 528:553 They expertly navigate complex environmental cues and interkingdom signaling to colonize and infect their hosts. 27879335 17 5 theme sugar 2479:2483 arg1 sources 2485:2491 multiple sugar sources 2470:2491 multiple sugar sources 2470:2491 Hence, here we show that EHEC senses multiple sugar sources and oxygen levels to optimally control the expression of its virulence repertoire. 27879335 16 6 theme effective 2413:2421 arg1 it 2391:2392 it 2391:2392 it 2391:2392 It has a very low infectious dose, which requires it to be an extremely effective pathogen. 27879335 16 6 theme effective 2413:2421 arg1 pathogen 2423:2430 an extremely effective pathogen 2400:2430 an extremely effective pathogen 2400:2430 It has a very low infectious dose, which requires it to be an extremely effective pathogen. 27879335 18 7 theme regulatory 2591:2600 arg1 control 2602:2608 This exquisite regulatory control 2576:2608 This exquisite regulatory control 2576:2608 This exquisite regulatory control equips EHEC to sense different intestinal compartments to colonize the host. 27879335 11 8 theme sense 1560:1564 arg1 signals 1608:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 15 9 theme enteric 2218:2224 arg1 EHEC 2207:2210 EHEC 2207:2210 EHEC 2207:2210 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 15 9 theme enteric 2218:2224 arg1 pathogen 2226:2233 an enteric pathogen 2215:2233 an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2215:2338 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 1 10 from diverse 113:119 arg1 axis 141:144 its longitudinal axis 124:144 its longitudinal axis 124:144 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 11 11 link mucin-derived 1654:1666 arg1 sugars 1668:1673 mucin-derived sugars 1654:1673 mucin-derived sugars 1654:1673 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 12 12 from precision 1745:1753 arg1 regulation 1763:1772 gene regulation 1758:1772 gene regulation 1758:1772 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 3 13 theme enteric 318:324 arg1 pathogens 326:334 enteric pathogens 318:334 enteric pathogens 318:334 Moreover, enteric pathogens can orchestrate further modifications to gain a competitive advantage toward host colonization. 27879335 4 14 theme human 492:496 arg1 colon 498:502 the human colon 488:502 the human colon 488:502 These pathogens are versatile and adept when exploiting the human colon. 27879335 2 15 theme Differential 193:204 arg1 oxygenation 206:216 Differential oxygenation 193:216 Differential oxygenation 193:216 Differential oxygenation and nutrient composition drive the membership of microbial communities in these habitats. 27879335 2 16 theme nutrient 222:229 arg1 composition 231:241 nutrient composition 222:241 nutrient composition 222:241 Differential oxygenation and nutrient composition drive the membership of microbial communities in these habitats. 27879335 15 17 theme bloody 2284:2289 arg1 diarrhea 2291:2298 bloody diarrhea 2284:2298 bloody diarrhea 2284:2298 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 9 18 link mucin-derived 1269:1281 arg1 sugars 1283:1288 mucin-derived sugars 1269:1288 mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1269:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 6 19 theme transcription 709:721 arg1 KdpE 737:740 KdpE 737:740 KdpE 737:740 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 19 theme transcription 709:721 arg1 FusR 747:750 FusR 747:750 FusR 747:750 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 19 theme transcription 709:721 arg1 Cra 732:734 Cra 732:734 Cra 732:734 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 19 theme transcription 709:721 arg1 factors 723:729 three sugar-sensing transcription factors 689:729 three sugar-sensing transcription factors 689:729 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 9 20 theme mucin-derived 1269:1281 arg1 sugars 1283:1288 mucin-derived sugars 1269:1288 mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1269:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 2 21 theme microbial 267:275 arg1 communities 277:287 microbial communities 267:287 microbial communities 267:287 Differential oxygenation and nutrient composition drive the membership of microbial communities in these habitats. 27879335 7 22 theme genes 1029:1033 arg1 growth 994:999 EHEC growth 989:999 EHEC growth 989:999 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 7 22 theme genes 1029:1033 arg1 expression 1005:1014 expression 1005:1014 expression 1005:1014 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 1 23 theme longitudinal 128:139 arg1 axis 141:144 its longitudinal axis 124:144 its longitudinal axis 124:144 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 3 24 theme further 352:358 arg1 modifications 360:372 further modifications 352:372 further modifications 352:372 Moreover, enteric pathogens can orchestrate further modifications to gain a competitive advantage toward host colonization. 27879335 16 25 theme low 2355:2357 arg1 dose 2370:2373 a very low infectious dose 2348:2373 a very low infectious dose 2348:2373 It has a very low infectious dose, which requires it to be an extremely effective pathogen. 27879335 10 26 attach derived 1414:1420 arg1 pectin 1427:1432 pectin 1427:1432 pectin 1427:1432 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 10 26 attach derived 1414:1420 arg1 polysaccharide 1451:1464 a complex plant polysaccharide 1435:1464 a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine 1435:1496 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 10 26 attach derived 1414:1420 arg2 Sugars 1407:1412 Sugars 1407:1412 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, 1407:1497 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 0 27 theme Virulence 71:79 arg1 Catabolite 0:9 Catabolite 0:9 Catabolite 0:9 Catabolite and Oxygen Regulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence. 27879335 0 27 theme Virulence 71:79 arg1 Regulation 22:31 Oxygen Regulation 15:31 Oxygen Regulation 15:31 Catabolite and Oxygen Regulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence. 27879335 15 28 theme worldwide 2330:2338 arg1 outbreaks 2271:2279 outbreaks 2271:2279 outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2271:2338 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 14 29 theme enteric 2188:2194 arg1 pathogens 2196:2204 enteric pathogens 2188:2204 enteric pathogens 2188:2204 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 10 30 theme complex 1437:1443 arg1 polysaccharide 1451:1464 a complex plant polysaccharide 1435:1464 a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine 1435:1496 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 10 30 theme complex 1437:1443 arg1 pectin 1427:1432 pectin 1427:1432 pectin 1427:1432 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 13 31 theme environmental 1927:1939 arg1 cues 1941:1944 multiple environmental cues 1918:1944 multiple environmental cues 1918:1944 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens have to be crafty when interpreting multiple environmental cues to successfully establish themselves within complex and diverse gut microenvironments. 27879335 5 32 theme interkingdom 559:570 arg1 signaling 572:580 interkingdom signaling 559:580 interkingdom signaling 559:580 They expertly navigate complex environmental cues and interkingdom signaling to colonize and infect their hosts. 27879335 9 33 theme O-linked 1313:1320 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 1 34 from axis 141:144 arg1 diverse 113:119 diverse 113:119 diverse 113:119 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 1 34 from axis 141:144 arg1 biogeography 86:97 The biogeography 82:97 The biogeography of the gut 82:108 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 9 35 link N-linked 1326:1333 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 10 36 theme large 1482:1486 arg1 intestine 1488:1496 the large intestine 1478:1496 the large intestine 1478:1496 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 16 37 theme infectious 2359:2368 arg1 dose 2370:2373 a very low infectious dose 2348:2373 a very low infectious dose 2348:2373 It has a very low infectious dose, which requires it to be an extremely effective pathogen. 27879335 9 38 theme N-linked 1326:1333 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 7 39 theme sources 978:984 arg1 effect 934:939 the effect 930:939 the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes 930:1033 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 9 40 link O-linked 1313:1320 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 3 41 theme host 413:416 arg1 colonization 418:429 host colonization 413:429 host colonization 413:429 Moreover, enteric pathogens can orchestrate further modifications to gain a competitive advantage toward host colonization. 27879335 7 42 theme nonpreferred 958:969 arg1 sources 978:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 14 43 theme oxygen 2048:2053 arg1 tension 2055:2061 oxygen tension 2048:2061 oxygen tension 2048:2061 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 13 44 theme IMPORTANCE 1853:1862 arg1 pathogens 1872:1880 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens 1853:1880 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens 1853:1880 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens have to be crafty when interpreting multiple environmental cues to successfully establish themselves within complex and diverse gut microenvironments. 27879335 0 45 theme Oxygen 15:20 arg1 Regulation 22:31 Oxygen Regulation 15:31 Oxygen Regulation 15:31 Catabolite and Oxygen Regulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence. 27879335 9 46 theme large 1350:1354 arg1 intestine 1356:1364 the large intestine 1346:1364 the large intestine 1346:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 16 47 contain has 2344:2346 arg1 It 2341:2342 It 2341:2342 It 2341:2342 It has a very low infectious dose, which requires it to be an extremely effective pathogen. 27879335 16 47 contain has 2344:2346 arg2 dose 2370:2373 a very low infectious dose 2348:2373 a very low infectious dose 2348:2373 It has a very low infectious dose, which requires it to be an extremely effective pathogen. 27879335 14 48 theme microbiota 2126:2135 arg1 biogeography 2102:2113 the biogeography 2098:2113 the biogeography of the gut microbiota 2098:2135 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 15 49 theme hemolytic-uremic 2304:2319 arg1 worldwide 2330:2338 hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2304:2338 hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2304:2338 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 6 50 theme various 882:888 arg1 concentrations 897:910 various oxygen concentrations 882:910 various oxygen concentrations 882:910 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 0 51 dep Escherichia 54:64 arg1 coli 66:69 coli 66:69 coli 66:69 Catabolite and Oxygen Regulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence. 27879335 12 52 theme low 1832:1834 arg1 dose 1847:1850 an extremely low infectious dose 1819:1850 an extremely low infectious dose 1819:1850 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 6 53 theme virulence 795:803 arg1 factors 805:811 virulence factors 795:811 virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) 795:864 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 0 54 theme Escherichia 54:64 arg1 Virulence 71:79 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence 36:79 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence 36:79 Catabolite and Oxygen Regulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence. 27879335 9 55 theme gene 1377:1380 arg1 expression 1382:1391 virulence gene expression 1367:1391 virulence gene expression 1367:1391 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 10 56 theme gene 1524:1527 arg1 expression 1529:1538 virulence gene expression 1514:1538 virulence gene expression 1514:1538 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 7 57 theme mucin-derived 944:956 arg1 sources 978:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 7 58 link mucin-derived 944:956 arg1 sources 978:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 15 59 theme syndrome 2321:2328 arg1 worldwide 2330:2338 hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2304:2338 hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2304:2338 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 18 60 theme intestinal 2641:2650 arg1 compartments 2652:2663 sense different intestinal compartments 2625:2663 sense different intestinal compartments 2625:2663 This exquisite regulatory control equips EHEC to sense different intestinal compartments to colonize the host. 27879335 8 61 theme anaerobic 1161:1169 arg1 lumen 1171:1175 the largely anaerobic lumen 1149:1175 the largely anaerobic lumen 1149:1175 Taken together, the results show that EHEC represses the expression of its T3SS when oxygen is absent, mimicking the largely anaerobic lumen, and activates its T3SS when oxygen is available through Cra. 27879335 17 62 theme repertoire 2564:2573 arg1 expression 2536:2545 the expression 2532:2545 the expression of its virulence repertoire 2532:2573 Hence, here we show that EHEC senses multiple sugar sources and oxygen levels to optimally control the expression of its virulence repertoire. 27879335 11 63 theme mucin-derived 1654:1666 arg1 sugars 1668:1673 mucin-derived sugars 1654:1673 mucin-derived sugars 1654:1673 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 13 64 theme gut 2010:2012 arg1 microenvironments 2014:2030 diverse gut microenvironments 2002:2030 diverse gut microenvironments 2002:2030 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens have to be crafty when interpreting multiple environmental cues to successfully establish themselves within complex and diverse gut microenvironments. 27879335 17 65 theme multiple 2470:2477 arg1 sources 2485:2491 multiple sugar sources 2470:2491 multiple sugar sources 2470:2491 Hence, here we show that EHEC senses multiple sugar sources and oxygen levels to optimally control the expression of its virulence repertoire. 27879335 5 66 theme environmental 536:548 arg1 cues 550:553 complex environmental cues 528:553 complex environmental cues 528:553 They expertly navigate complex environmental cues and interkingdom signaling to colonize and infect their hosts. 27879335 12 67 theme gene 1758:1761 arg1 regulation 1763:1772 gene regulation 1758:1772 gene regulation 1758:1772 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 6 68 dep type 833:836 arg1 T3SS 860:863 T3SS 860:863 T3SS 860:863 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 68 dep type 833:836 arg1 system 852:857 III secretion system 838:857 its type III secretion system (T3SS) 829:864 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 15 69 theme diarrhea 2291:2298 arg1 outbreaks 2271:2279 outbreaks 2271:2279 outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide 2271:2338 EHEC is an enteric pathogen that colonizes the colon and causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome worldwide. 27879335 11 70 theme microbiota-derived 1576:1593 arg1 signals 1608:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 1 71 theme specific 165:172 arg1 microenvironments 174:190 specific microenvironments 165:190 specific microenvironments 165:190 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 9 72 from glycans 1335:1341 arg1 present 1298:1304 present 1298:1304 present 1298:1304 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 17 73 theme oxygen 2497:2502 arg1 levels 2504:2509 oxygen levels 2497:2509 oxygen levels 2497:2509 Hence, here we show that EHEC senses multiple sugar sources and oxygen levels to optimally control the expression of its virulence repertoire. 27879335 18 74 theme exquisite 2581:2589 arg1 control 2602:2608 This exquisite regulatory control 2576:2608 This exquisite regulatory control 2576:2608 This exquisite regulatory control equips EHEC to sense different intestinal compartments to colonize the host. 27879335 11 75 theme host- 1566:1570 arg1 signals 1608:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 18 76 theme sense 2625:2629 arg1 compartments 2652:2663 sense different intestinal compartments 2625:2663 sense different intestinal compartments 2625:2663 This exquisite regulatory control equips EHEC to sense different intestinal compartments to colonize the host. 27879335 12 77 with pathogen 1805:1812 arg1 dose 1847:1850 an extremely low infectious dose 1819:1850 an extremely low infectious dose 1819:1850 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 9 78 from present 1298:1304 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 2 79 theme communities 277:287 arg1 membership 253:262 the membership 249:262 the membership of microbial communities in these habitats 249:305 Differential oxygenation and nutrient composition drive the membership of microbial communities in these habitats. 27879335 6 80 theme sugar-sensing 695:707 arg1 KdpE 737:740 KdpE 737:740 KdpE 737:740 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 80 theme sugar-sensing 695:707 arg1 FusR 747:750 FusR 747:750 FusR 747:750 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 80 theme sugar-sensing 695:707 arg1 Cra 732:734 Cra 732:734 Cra 732:734 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 6 80 theme sugar-sensing 695:707 arg1 factors 723:729 three sugar-sensing transcription factors 689:729 three sugar-sensing transcription factors 689:729 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 9 81 theme present 1298:1304 arg1 sugars 1283:1288 mucin-derived sugars 1269:1288 mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1269:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 7 82 theme virulence 1019:1027 arg1 genes 1029:1033 virulence genes 1019:1033 virulence genes 1019:1033 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 10 83 theme plant 1445:1449 arg1 polysaccharide 1451:1464 a complex plant polysaccharide 1435:1464 a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine 1435:1496 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 10 83 theme plant 1445:1449 arg1 pectin 1427:1432 pectin 1427:1432 pectin 1427:1432 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 13 84 theme multiple 1918:1925 arg1 cues 1941:1944 multiple environmental cues 1918:1944 multiple environmental cues 1918:1944 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens have to be crafty when interpreting multiple environmental cues to successfully establish themselves within complex and diverse gut microenvironments. 27879335 7 85 theme EHEC 989:992 arg1 growth 994:999 EHEC growth 989:999 EHEC growth 989:999 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 3 86 theme competitive 384:394 arg1 advantage 396:404 a competitive advantage 382:404 a competitive advantage toward host colonization 382:429 Moreover, enteric pathogens can orchestrate further modifications to gain a competitive advantage toward host colonization. 27879335 9 87 attach present 1298:1304 arg2 sugars 1283:1288 mucin-derived sugars 1269:1288 mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1269:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 9 87 attach present 1298:1304 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 14 88 theme nutrient 2067:2074 arg1 composition 2076:2086 nutrient composition 2067:2086 nutrient composition 2067:2086 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 14 89 from Differences 2033:2043 arg1 tension 2055:2061 oxygen tension 2048:2061 oxygen tension 2048:2061 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 14 89 from Differences 2033:2043 arg1 composition 2076:2086 nutrient composition 2067:2086 nutrient composition 2067:2086 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 14 90 theme unique 2149:2154 arg1 niches 2156:2161 unique niches 2149:2161 unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens 2149:2204 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 7 91 from effect 934:939 arg1 growth 994:999 EHEC growth 989:999 EHEC growth 989:999 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 7 91 from effect 934:939 arg1 expression 1005:1014 expression 1005:1014 expression 1005:1014 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 8 92 theme T3SS 1111:1114 arg1 expression 1093:1102 the expression 1089:1102 the expression of its T3SS 1089:1114 Taken together, the results show that EHEC represses the expression of its T3SS when oxygen is absent, mimicking the largely anaerobic lumen, and activates its T3SS when oxygen is available through Cra. 27879335 7 93 theme carbon 971:976 arg1 sources 978:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources 944:984 We also explored the effect of mucin-derived nonpreferred carbon sources on EHEC growth and expression of virulence genes. 27879335 1 94 theme gut 106:108 arg1 diverse 113:119 diverse 113:119 diverse 113:119 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 1 94 theme gut 106:108 arg1 biogeography 86:97 The biogeography 82:97 The biogeography of the gut 82:108 The biogeography of the gut is diverse in its longitudinal axis, as well as within specific microenvironments. 27879335 2 95 from membership 253:262 arg1 habitats 298:305 these habitats 292:305 these habitats 292:305 Differential oxygenation and nutrient composition drive the membership of microbial communities in these habitats. 27879335 13 96 theme Enteric 1864:1870 arg1 pathogens 1872:1880 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens 1853:1880 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens 1853:1880 IMPORTANCE Enteric pathogens have to be crafty when interpreting multiple environmental cues to successfully establish themselves within complex and diverse gut microenvironments. 27879335 0 97 theme Enterohemorrhagic 36:52 arg1 Virulence 71:79 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence 36:79 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence 36:79 Catabolite and Oxygen Regulation of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence. 27879335 9 98 theme intestine 1356:1364 arg1 glycans 1335:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans 1309:1341 the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine 1309:1364 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 6 99 theme oxygen 890:895 arg1 concentrations 897:910 various oxygen concentrations 882:910 various oxygen concentrations 882:910 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 14 100 theme gut 2122:2124 arg1 microbiota 2126:2135 the gut microbiota 2118:2135 the gut microbiota 2118:2135 Differences in oxygen tension and nutrient composition determine the biogeography of the gut microbiota and provide unique niches that can be exploited by enteric pathogens. 27879335 6 101 theme factors 805:811 arg1 expression 781:790 the expression 777:790 the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) 777:864 Here we demonstrate how enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) uses three sugar-sensing transcription factors, Cra, KdpE, and FusR, to exquisitely regulate the expression of virulence factors associated with its type III secretion system (T3SS) when exposed to various oxygen concentrations. 27879335 9 102 theme virulence 1367:1375 arg1 expression 1382:1391 virulence gene expression 1367:1391 virulence gene expression 1367:1391 In addition, when EHEC senses mucin-derived sugars heavily present in the O-linked and N-linked glycans of the large intestine, virulence gene expression is initiated. 27879335 11 103 theme interkingdom 1595:1606 arg1 signals 1608:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 12 104 theme infectious 1836:1845 arg1 dose 1847:1850 an extremely low infectious dose 1819:1850 an extremely low infectious dose 1819:1850 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 10 105 theme virulence 1514:1522 arg1 expression 1529:1538 virulence gene expression 1514:1538 virulence gene expression 1514:1538 Sugars derived from pectin, a complex plant polysaccharide digested in the large intestine, also increased virulence gene expression. 27879335 11 106 theme T3SS 1734:1737 arg1 expression 1716:1725 expression 1716:1725 expression of the T3SS 1716:1737 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 11 107 theme oxygen 1630:1635 arg1 availability 1637:1648 oxygen availability 1630:1648 oxygen availability 1630:1648 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27879335 12 108 theme efficient 1795:1803 arg1 pathogen 1805:1812 an efficient pathogen 1792:1812 an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose 1792:1850 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 12 108 theme efficient 1795:1803 arg1 EHEC 1781:1784 EHEC 1781:1784 EHEC 1781:1784 This precision in gene regulation allows EHEC to be an efficient pathogen with an extremely low infectious dose. 27879335 11 109 link microbiota-derived 1576:1593 arg1 signals 1608:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals 1555:1614 Not only does EHEC sense host- and microbiota-derived interkingdom signals, it also uses oxygen availability and mucin-derived sugars liberated by the microbiota to stimulate expression of the T3SS. 27883156 0 0 theme capsular 84:91 arg1 polysaccharide 93:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 4 1 theme excellent 659:667 arg1 yields 669:674 excellent yields 659:674 excellent yields 659:674 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions were executed in excellent yields and stereoselectivity based on neighboring group participation. 27883156 7 2 theme various 1164:1170 arg1 studies 1183:1189 various biological studies 1164:1189 various biological studies 1164:1189 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 7 3 theme biological 1172:1181 arg1 studies 1183:1189 various biological studies 1164:1189 various biological studies 1164:1189 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 7 4 with conjugation 1127:1137 arg1 molecules 1150:1158 other molecules 1144:1158 other molecules for various biological studies and applications 1144:1206 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 0 5 theme 23F 80:82 arg1 polysaccharide 93:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 1 6 theme biological 170:179 arg1 unit 191:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit 135:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 135:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 2 7 with tetrasaccharide 318:332 arg1 branch 357:362 a phosphoglycerol branch 339:362 a phosphoglycerol branch 339:362 The synthetic target contained a tetrasaccharide with a phosphoglycerol branch. 27883156 7 8 from end 1105:1107 arg1 group 1083:1087 a free amino group 1070:1087 a free amino group at its reducing end 1070:1107 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 3 9 from linkage 466:472 arg1 structure 481:489 its structure 477:489 its structure 477:489 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 7 10 theme reducing 1096:1103 arg1 end 1105:1107 its reducing end 1092:1107 its reducing end 1092:1107 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 0 11 theme polysaccharide 93:106 arg1 unit 38:41 the biological repeating unit 13:41 the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 13:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 3 12 theme aglycon 570:576 arg1 delivery 578:585 naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery 531:585 naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) 531:591 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 3 12 theme aglycon 570:576 arg1 IAD 588:590 IAD 588:590 IAD 588:590 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 3 13 theme naphthylmethyl-assisted 531:553 arg1 delivery 578:585 naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery 531:585 naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) 531:591 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 3 13 theme naphthylmethyl-assisted 531:553 arg1 IAD 588:590 IAD 588:590 IAD 588:590 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 1 14 theme repeating 181:189 arg1 unit 191:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit 135:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 135:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 3 15 theme β-rhamnosyl 454:464 arg1 linkage 466:472 the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage 438:472 the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure 438:489 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 6 16 theme building 951:958 arg1 blocks 960:965 monosaccharide building blocks 936:965 monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield 936:1018 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 2 17 theme synthetic 289:297 arg1 target 299:304 The synthetic target 285:304 The synthetic target 285:304 The synthetic target contained a tetrasaccharide with a phosphoglycerol branch. 27883156 1 18 theme unit 191:194 arg1 synthesis 122:130 An efficient synthesis 109:130 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 109:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 3 19 theme linear 412:417 arg1 glycosylation 419:431 linear glycosylation 412:431 linear glycosylation 412:431 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 5 20 theme phosphoglycerol 744:758 arg1 branch 760:765 The phosphoglycerol branch 740:765 The phosphoglycerol branch 740:765 The phosphoglycerol branch was installed by the phosphoramidite method with benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite as the substrate. 27883156 6 21 theme monosaccharide 936:949 arg1 blocks 960:965 monosaccharide building blocks 936:965 monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield 936:1018 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 2 22 theme phosphoglycerol 341:355 arg1 branch 357:362 a phosphoglycerol branch 339:362 a phosphoglycerol branch 339:362 The synthetic target contained a tetrasaccharide with a phosphoglycerol branch. 27883156 7 23 contain contained 1060:1068 arg1 addition 1024:1031 addition 1024:1031 addition 1024:1031 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 7 23 contain contained 1060:1068 arg2 target 1048:1053 the synthetic target 1034:1053 the synthetic target 1034:1053 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 7 23 contain contained 1060:1068 arg1 target 1048:1053 the synthetic target 1034:1053 the synthetic target 1034:1053 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 7 23 contain contained 1060:1068 arg2 group 1083:1087 a free amino group 1070:1087 a free amino group at its reducing end 1070:1107 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 1 24 theme Streptococcus 199:211 arg1 23F 233:235 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 199:265 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 199:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 0 25 theme biological 17:26 arg1 unit 38:41 the biological repeating unit 13:41 the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 13:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 6 26 dep linear 981:986 arg1 longest 973:979 longest 973:979 longest 973:979 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 5 27 theme glycerol 838:845 arg1 2-phosphoramidite 847:863 benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite 816:863 benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite as the substrate 816:880 The phosphoglycerol branch was installed by the phosphoramidite method with benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite as the substrate. 27883156 2 28 contain contained 306:314 arg1 target 299:304 The synthetic target 285:304 The synthetic target 285:304 The synthetic target contained a tetrasaccharide with a phosphoglycerol branch. 27883156 2 28 contain contained 306:314 arg2 tetrasaccharide 318:332 a tetrasaccharide 316:332 a tetrasaccharide with a phosphoglycerol branch 316:362 The synthetic target contained a tetrasaccharide with a phosphoglycerol branch. 27883156 1 29 theme efficient 112:120 arg1 synthesis 122:130 An efficient synthesis 109:130 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 109:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 1 30 theme serotype 224:231 arg1 23F 233:235 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 199:265 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 199:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 0 31 theme unit 38:41 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 0:107 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 6 32 theme overall 1006:1012 arg1 yield 1014:1018 a 3.85% overall yield 998:1018 a 3.85% overall yield 998:1018 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 0 33 dep Streptococcus 46:58 arg1 pneumoniae 60:69 pneumoniae 60:69 pneumoniae 60:69 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 7 34 theme synthetic 1038:1046 arg1 target 1048:1053 the synthetic target 1034:1053 the synthetic target 1034:1053 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 1 35 theme 23F 233:235 arg1 unit 191:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit 135:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 135:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 0 36 theme repeating 28:36 arg1 unit 38:41 the biological repeating unit 13:41 the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 13:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 4 37 theme 1,2-trans 608:616 arg1 reactions 632:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions 594:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions 594:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions were executed in excellent yields and stereoselectivity based on neighboring group participation. 27883156 6 38 theme % 1004:1004 arg1 yield 1014:1018 a 3.85% overall yield 998:1018 a 3.85% overall yield 998:1018 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 1 39 dep Streptococcus 199:211 arg1 pneumoniae 213:222 pneumoniae 213:222 pneumoniae 213:222 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 7 40 theme other 1144:1148 arg1 molecules 1150:1158 other molecules 1144:1158 other molecules for various biological studies and applications 1144:1206 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 1 41 theme capsular 237:244 arg1 CPS 262:264 CPS 262:264 CPS 262:264 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 1 41 theme capsular 237:244 arg1 polysaccharide 246:259 capsular polysaccharide 237:259 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 199:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 0 42 theme Streptococcus 46:58 arg1 polysaccharide 93:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 4 43 theme remaining 598:606 arg1 reactions 632:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions 594:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions 594:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions were executed in excellent yields and stereoselectivity based on neighboring group participation. 27883156 5 44 theme phosphoramidite 788:802 arg1 method 804:809 the phosphoramidite method 784:809 the phosphoramidite method 784:809 The phosphoglycerol branch was installed by the phosphoramidite method with benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite as the substrate. 27883156 6 45 theme 3.85 1000:1003 arg1 % 1004:1004 % 1004:1004 % 1004:1004 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 3 46 theme challenging 442:452 arg1 linkage 466:472 the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage 438:472 the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure 438:489 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 7 47 theme amino 1077:1081 arg1 group 1083:1087 a free amino group 1070:1087 a free amino group at its reducing end 1070:1107 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 6 48 theme target 899:904 arg1 molecule 906:913 the target molecule 895:913 the target molecule 895:913 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 4 49 theme glycosylation 618:630 arg1 reactions 632:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions 594:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions 594:640 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions were executed in excellent yields and stereoselectivity based on neighboring group participation. 27883156 7 50 theme free 1072:1075 arg1 group 1083:1087 a free amino group 1070:1087 a free amino group at its reducing end 1070:1107 In addition, the synthetic target also contained a free amino group at its reducing end, facilitating its conjugation with other molecules for various biological studies and applications. 27883156 1 51 dep 23F 233:235 arg1 CPS 262:264 CPS 262:264 CPS 262:264 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 1 51 dep 23F 233:235 arg1 polysaccharide 246:259 capsular polysaccharide 237:259 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 199:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 3 52 theme intramolecular 555:568 arg1 delivery 578:585 naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery 531:585 naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) 531:591 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 3 52 theme intramolecular 555:568 arg1 IAD 588:590 IAD 588:590 IAD 588:590 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 4 53 theme neighboring 707:717 arg1 participation 725:737 neighboring group participation 707:737 neighboring group participation 707:737 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions were executed in excellent yields and stereoselectivity based on neighboring group participation. 27883156 5 54 theme benzylidene-protected 816:836 arg1 2-phosphoramidite 847:863 benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite 816:863 benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite as the substrate 816:880 The phosphoglycerol branch was installed by the phosphoramidite method with benzylidene-protected glycerol 2-phosphoramidite as the substrate. 27883156 1 55 theme 3-aminopropyl 139:151 arg1 unit 191:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit 135:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 135:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 0 56 theme serotype 71:78 arg1 polysaccharide 93:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide 46:106 Synthesis of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide. 27883156 6 57 theme linear 981:986 arg1 steps 988:992 17 longest linear steps 970:992 17 longest linear steps 970:992 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 1 58 theme glycoside 153:161 arg1 unit 191:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit 135:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 135:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 6 59 from blocks 960:965 arg1 steps 988:992 17 longest linear steps 970:992 17 longest linear steps 970:992 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 6 59 from blocks 960:965 arg1 yield 1014:1018 a 3.85% overall yield 998:1018 a 3.85% overall yield 998:1018 Eventually, the target molecule was synthesized from monosaccharide building blocks in 17 longest linear steps and a 3.85% overall yield. 27883156 3 60 theme oligosaccharide 369:383 arg1 backbone 385:392 Its oligosaccharide backbone 365:392 Its oligosaccharide backbone 365:392 Its oligosaccharide backbone was assembled via linear glycosylation, and the challenging β-rhamnosyl linkage in its structure was achieved stereospecifically through naphthylmethyl-assisted intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD). 27883156 1 61 theme of 163:164 arg1 unit 191:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit 135:194 the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 135:265 An efficient synthesis of the 3-aminopropyl glycoside of the biological repeating unit of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23F capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was accomplished. 27883156 4 62 theme group 719:723 arg1 participation 725:737 neighboring group participation 707:737 neighboring group participation 707:737 The remaining 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions were executed in excellent yields and stereoselectivity based on neighboring group participation. 26657283 6 0 theme trafficking 958:968 arg1 disorder 970:977 a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis 921:1003 disorder 970:977 Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis. 26657283 2 1 theme chemokine 345:353 arg1 receptor 355:362 the central chemokine receptor 333:362 the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs 333:428 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 2 1 theme chemokine 345:353 arg1 CCR7 327:330 CCR7 327:330 CCR7 327:330 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 2 2 contain carries 431:437 arg1 receptor 355:362 the central chemokine receptor 333:362 the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs 333:428 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 2 2 contain carries 431:437 arg1 CCR7 327:330 CCR7 327:330 CCR7 327:330 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 2 2 contain carries 431:437 arg2 acid 450:453 polysialic acid 439:453 polysialic acid 439:453 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 3 3 theme CCR7 514:517 arg1 ligand 519:524 the CCR7 ligand CCL21 510:530 the CCR7 ligand CCL21 510:530 This modification is essential for the recognition of the CCR7 ligand CCL21. 26657283 6 4 theme mechanistic 987:997 arg1 basis 999:1003 a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis 921:1003 basis 999:1003 Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis. 26657283 1 5 theme developmental 261:273 arg1 plasticity 275:284 the developmental plasticity 257:284 the developmental plasticity of the nervous system 257:306 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 5 6 with interaction 869:879 arg1 acid 897:900 polysialic acid 886:900 polysialic acid 886:900 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. 26657283 4 7 theme disturbed 647:655 arg1 homeostasis 668:678 disturbed lymph node homeostasis 647:678 disturbed lymph node homeostasis 647:678 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 4 8 theme inflammatory 704:715 arg1 stimuli 717:723 inflammatory stimuli 704:723 inflammatory stimuli 704:723 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 4 9 theme cell 561:564 arg1 consequence 538:548 a consequence 536:548 a consequence 536:548 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 4 9 theme cell 561:564 arg1 trafficking 566:576 dendritic cell trafficking 551:576 dendritic cell trafficking 551:576 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 2 10 theme cell 383:386 arg1 trafficking 388:398 immune cell trafficking 376:398 immune cell trafficking 376:398 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 5 11 theme polysialic 886:895 arg1 acid 897:900 polysialic acid 886:900 polysialic acid 886:900 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. 26657283 4 12 theme dendritic 551:559 arg1 consequence 538:548 a consequence 536:548 a consequence 536:548 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 4 12 theme dendritic 551:559 arg1 trafficking 566:576 dendritic cell trafficking 551:576 dendritic cell trafficking 551:576 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 1 13 theme polysialic 105:114 arg1 acid 116:119 polysialic acid 105:119 polysialic acid 105:119 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 2 14 theme immune 376:381 arg1 trafficking 388:398 immune cell trafficking 376:398 immune cell trafficking 376:398 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 2 15 theme polysialic 439:448 arg1 acid 450:453 polysialic acid 439:453 polysialic acid 439:453 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 1 16 theme acid 116:119 arg1 addition 93:100 The addition 89:100 The addition 89:100 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 1 16 theme acid 116:119 arg1 modification 212:223 a rare posttranslational modification 187:223 a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system 187:306 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 1 17 theme rare 189:192 arg1 addition 93:100 The addition 89:100 The addition 89:100 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 1 17 theme rare 189:192 arg1 modification 212:223 a rare posttranslational modification 187:223 a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system 187:306 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 0 18 theme dendritic 25:33 arg1 trafficking 40:50 dendritic cell trafficking 25:50 dendritic cell trafficking 25:50 Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. 26657283 1 19 theme nervous 293:299 arg1 system 301:306 the nervous system 289:306 the nervous system 289:306 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 5 20 theme chemokine-receptor 757:774 arg1 interactions 776:787 chemokine-receptor interactions 757:787 chemokine-receptor interactions 757:787 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. 26657283 6 21 theme cell 953:956 arg1 disorder 970:977 a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis 921:1003 disorder 970:977 Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis. 26657283 2 22 theme central 337:343 arg1 receptor 355:362 the central chemokine receptor 333:362 the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs 333:428 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 2 22 theme central 337:343 arg1 CCR7 327:330 CCR7 327:330 CCR7 327:330 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 1 23 theme posttranslational 194:210 arg1 addition 93:100 The addition 89:100 The addition 89:100 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 1 23 theme posttranslational 194:210 arg1 modification 212:223 a rare posttranslational modification 187:223 a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system 187:306 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 1 24 theme system 301:306 arg1 plasticity 275:284 the developmental plasticity 257:284 the developmental plasticity of the nervous system 257:306 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 5 25 theme interactions 776:787 arg1 analysis 745:752 Structure-function analysis 726:752 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions 726:787 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. 26657283 6 26 theme immune 946:951 arg1 disorder 970:977 a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis 921:1003 disorder 970:977 Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis. 26657283 2 27 theme lymphatic 413:421 arg1 organs 423:428 secondary lymphatic organs 403:428 secondary lymphatic organs 403:428 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 6 28 theme glycosylation-mediated 923:944 arg1 disorder 970:977 a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis 921:1003 disorder 970:977 Thus, we describe a glycosylation-mediated immune cell trafficking disorder and its mechanistic basis. 26657283 0 29 theme cell 35:38 arg1 trafficking 40:50 dendritic cell trafficking 25:50 dendritic cell trafficking 25:50 Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. 26657283 2 30 theme secondary 403:411 arg1 organs 423:428 secondary lymphatic organs 403:428 secondary lymphatic organs 403:428 Here we show that CCR7, the central chemokine receptor controlling immune cell trafficking to secondary lymphatic organs, carries polysialic acid. 26657283 0 31 theme chemokine 66:74 arg1 recognition 76:86 chemokine recognition 66:86 chemokine recognition 66:86 Polysialylation controls dendritic cell trafficking by regulating chemokine recognition. 26657283 1 32 link O-linked 134:141 arg1 glycans 143:149 O-linked glycans 134:149 O-linked glycans 134:149 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 5 33 theme Structure-function 726:743 arg1 analysis 745:752 Structure-function analysis 726:752 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions 726:787 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. 26657283 1 34 theme O-linked 134:141 arg1 glycans 143:149 O-linked glycans 134:149 O-linked glycans 134:149 The addition of polysialic acid to N- and/or O-linked glycans, referred to as polysialylation, is a rare posttranslational modification that is mainly known to control the developmental plasticity of the nervous system. 26657283 5 35 theme autoinhibited 818:830 arg1 conformation 832:843 an autoinhibited conformation 815:843 an autoinhibited conformation 815:843 Structure-function analysis of chemokine-receptor interactions reveals that CCL21 adopts an autoinhibited conformation, which is released upon interaction with polysialic acid. 26657283 4 36 theme node 663:666 arg1 homeostasis 668:678 disturbed lymph node homeostasis 647:678 disturbed lymph node homeostasis 647:678 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 4 37 theme lymph 657:661 arg1 node 663:666 lymph node 657:666 disturbed lymph node homeostasis 647:678 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 26657283 3 38 theme ligand 519:524 arg1 recognition 495:505 the recognition 491:505 the recognition of the CCR7 ligand CCL21 491:530 This modification is essential for the recognition of the CCR7 ligand CCL21. 26657283 4 39 theme polysialyltransferase-deficient 594:624 arg1 mice 626:629 polysialyltransferase-deficient mice 594:629 polysialyltransferase-deficient mice 594:629 As a consequence, dendritic cell trafficking is abrogated in polysialyltransferase-deficient mice, manifesting as disturbed lymph node homeostasis and unresponsiveness to inflammatory stimuli. 24604396 8 0 theme alkaline 1109:1116 arg1 phosphatase 1118:1128 alkaline phosphatase 1109:1128 alkaline phosphatase 1109:1128 However, an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase was also observed. 24604396 3 1 theme colon 529:533 arg1 cells 542:546 colon cancer cells 529:546 colon cancer cells 529:546 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 10 2 theme cancer 1446:1451 arg1 cells 1453:1457 the colon cancer cells 1436:1457 the colon cancer cells 1436:1457 Overall, changes in glycosylation were associated with the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells. 24604396 7 3 theme same 956:959 arg1 conditions 974:983 the same experimental conditions 952:983 the same experimental conditions 952:983 Under the same experimental conditions, a decrease in the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans was recorded. 24604396 3 4 theme cancer 535:540 arg1 cells 542:546 colon cancer cells 529:546 colon cancer cells 529:546 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 11 5 theme useful 1500:1505 arg1 target 1507:1512 a useful target 1498:1512 a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity 1498:1574 In conclusion, polylactosamine may be a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity. 24604396 11 5 theme useful 1500:1505 arg1 polylactosamine 1475:1489 polylactosamine 1475:1489 polylactosamine 1475:1489 In conclusion, polylactosamine may be a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity. 24604396 4 6 theme present 590:596 arg1 study 598:602 the present study 586:602 the present study 586:602 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 10 7 theme 5-FU 1428:1431 arg1 effect 1418:1423 the anticancer effect 1403:1423 the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells 1403:1457 Overall, changes in glycosylation were associated with the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells. 24604396 10 8 theme colon 1440:1444 arg1 cells 1453:1457 the colon cancer cells 1436:1457 the colon cancer cells 1436:1457 Overall, changes in glycosylation were associated with the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells. 24604396 7 9 theme experimental 961:972 arg1 conditions 974:983 the same experimental conditions 952:983 the same experimental conditions 952:983 Under the same experimental conditions, a decrease in the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans was recorded. 24604396 1 10 theme cancer 268:273 arg1 surface 280:286 the cancer cell surface 264:286 the cancer cell surface 264:286 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 6 11 from phase 881:885 arg1 percentage 856:865 An increased percentage 843:865 An increased percentage of cells in S phase 843:885 An increased percentage of cells in S phase was also observed among the SW620 cells treated with 5-FU. 24604396 0 12 from changes 55:61 arg1 N‑glycans 87:95 polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans 66:95 polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans 66:95 Colon cancer cells treated with 5‑fluorouracil exhibit changes in polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans. 24604396 9 13 theme cells 1188:1192 arg1 pretreatment 1162:1173 pretreatment 1162:1173 pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU 1162:1202 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 11 14 from target 1507:1512 arg1 conclusion 1463:1472 conclusion 1463:1472 conclusion 1463:1472 In conclusion, polylactosamine may be a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity. 24604396 1 15 theme cell 275:278 arg1 surface 280:286 the cancer cell surface 264:286 the cancer cell surface 264:286 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 4 16 theme 5-FU 712:715 arg1 IC50 678:681 IC50 678:681 IC50; determined by MTT-assay 678:706 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 4 16 theme 5-FU 712:715 arg1 concentration 663:675 the half maximal inhibitory concentration 635:675 the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU 635:715 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 3 17 theme polylactosamine 500:514 arg1 effect 567:572 the anticancer effect 552:572 the anticancer effect of 5-FU 552:580 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 3 17 theme polylactosamine 500:514 arg1 levels 490:495 the levels 486:495 the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells 486:546 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 5 18 theme flow 745:748 arg1 analysis 761:768 flow cytometric analysis 745:768 flow cytometric analysis 745:768 Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 5-FU administration resulted in apoptosis in SW620 cells. 24604396 5 19 from apoptosis 817:825 arg1 cells 836:840 SW620 cells 830:840 SW620 cells 830:840 Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 5-FU administration resulted in apoptosis in SW620 cells. 24604396 3 20 theme anticancer 556:565 arg1 effect 567:572 the anticancer effect 552:572 the anticancer effect of 5-FU 552:580 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 1 21 theme colorectal 177:186 arg1 carcinoma 188:196 colorectal carcinoma 177:196 colorectal carcinoma 177:196 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 0 22 theme cancer 6:11 arg1 cells 13:17 Colon cancer cells 0:17 Colon cancer cells treated with 5‑fluorouracil 0:45 Colon cancer cells treated with 5‑fluorouracil exhibit changes in polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans. 24604396 9 23 theme time-dependent 1325:1338 arg1 manner 1340:1345 a time-dependent manner 1323:1345 a time-dependent manner 1323:1345 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 5 24 theme cytometric 750:759 arg1 analysis 761:768 flow cytometric analysis 745:768 flow cytometric analysis 745:768 Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 5-FU administration resulted in apoptosis in SW620 cells. 24604396 1 25 theme carcinoma 188:196 arg1 treatment 164:172 the treatment 160:172 the treatment 160:172 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 0 26 theme Colon 0:4 arg1 cells 13:17 Colon cancer cells 0:17 Colon cancer cells treated with 5‑fluorouracil 0:45 Colon cancer cells treated with 5‑fluorouracil exhibit changes in polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans. 24604396 11 27 theme substances 1540:1549 arg1 identification 1522:1535 the identification 1518:1535 the identification of substances with anticancer activity 1518:1574 In conclusion, polylactosamine may be a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity. 24604396 11 28 theme anticancer 1556:1565 arg1 activity 1567:1574 anticancer activity 1556:1574 anticancer activity 1556:1574 In conclusion, polylactosamine may be a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity. 24604396 6 29 from cells 870:874 arg1 phase 881:885 S phase 879:885 S phase 879:885 An increased percentage of cells in S phase was also observed among the SW620 cells treated with 5-FU. 24604396 7 30 from decrease 988:995 arg1 inhibition 1017:1026 the 5-FU‑induced inhibition 1000:1026 the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans 1000:1053 Under the same experimental conditions, a decrease in the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans was recorded. 24604396 5 31 theme SW620 830:834 arg1 cells 836:840 SW620 cells 830:840 SW620 cells 830:840 Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 5-FU administration resulted in apoptosis in SW620 cells. 24604396 3 32 theme 5-FU 577:580 arg1 effect 567:572 the anticancer effect 552:572 the anticancer effect of 5-FU 552:580 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 3 32 theme 5-FU 577:580 arg1 levels 490:495 the levels 486:495 the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells 486:546 However, little is known with regard to the correlation between the levels of polylactosamine expressed in colon cancer cells and the anticancer effect of 5-FU. 24604396 10 33 theme anticancer 1407:1416 arg1 effect 1418:1423 the anticancer effect 1403:1423 the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells 1403:1457 Overall, changes in glycosylation were associated with the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells. 24604396 6 34 theme S 879:879 arg1 phase 881:885 S phase 879:885 S phase 879:885 An increased percentage of cells in S phase was also observed among the SW620 cells treated with 5-FU. 24604396 10 35 from changes 1357:1363 arg1 glycosylation 1368:1380 glycosylation 1368:1380 glycosylation 1368:1380 Overall, changes in glycosylation were associated with the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells. 24604396 5 36 theme 5-FU 785:788 arg1 administration 790:803 5-FU administration 785:803 5-FU administration 785:803 Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 5-FU administration resulted in apoptosis in SW620 cells. 24604396 9 37 theme β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 1232:1269 arg1 expression 1218:1227 the expression 1214:1227 the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 1214:1318 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 4 38 theme inhibitory 652:661 arg1 IC50 678:681 IC50 678:681 IC50; determined by MTT-assay 678:706 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 4 38 theme inhibitory 652:661 arg1 concentration 663:675 the half maximal inhibitory concentration 635:675 the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU 635:715 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 10 39 from effect 1418:1423 arg1 cells 1453:1457 the colon cancer cells 1436:1457 the colon cancer cells 1436:1457 Overall, changes in glycosylation were associated with the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the colon cancer cells. 24604396 5 40 theme Hoechst 718:724 arg1 staining 732:739 Hoechst 33258 staining 718:739 Hoechst 33258 staining 718:739 Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis indicated that 5-FU administration resulted in apoptosis in SW620 cells. 24604396 6 41 theme cells 870:874 arg1 percentage 856:865 An increased percentage 843:865 An increased percentage of cells in S phase 843:885 An increased percentage of cells in S phase was also observed among the SW620 cells treated with 5-FU. 24604396 1 42 contain containing 234:243 arg2 polylactosamine 245:259 polylactosamine 245:259 polylactosamine 245:259 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 1 42 contain containing 234:243 arg1 N-glycans 224:232 N-glycans 224:232 N-glycans containing polylactosamine 224:259 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 7 43 theme 5-FU‑induced 1004:1015 arg1 inhibition 1017:1026 the 5-FU‑induced inhibition 1000:1026 the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans 1000:1053 Under the same experimental conditions, a decrease in the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans was recorded. 24604396 4 44 theme maximal 644:650 arg1 IC50 678:681 IC50 678:681 IC50; determined by MTT-assay 678:706 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 4 44 theme maximal 644:650 arg1 concentration 663:675 the half maximal inhibitory concentration 635:675 the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU 635:715 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 6 45 from percentage 856:865 arg1 phase 881:885 S phase 879:885 S phase 879:885 An increased percentage of cells in S phase was also observed among the SW620 cells treated with 5-FU. 24604396 7 46 theme glycans 1047:1053 arg1 inhibition 1017:1026 the 5-FU‑induced inhibition 1000:1026 the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans 1000:1053 Under the same experimental conditions, a decrease in the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans was recorded. 24604396 2 47 dep expression 308:317 arg1 the 304:306 the 304:306 the 304:306 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 11 48 with substances 1540:1549 arg1 activity 1567:1574 anticancer activity 1556:1574 anticancer activity 1556:1574 In conclusion, polylactosamine may be a useful target for the identification of substances with anticancer activity. 24604396 1 49 contain have 219:222 arg2 N-glycans 224:232 N-glycans 224:232 N-glycans containing polylactosamine 224:259 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 1 49 contain have 219:222 arg1 treatment 164:172 the treatment 160:172 the treatment 160:172 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 2 50 theme glycans 352:358 arg1 expression 308:317 expression 308:317 expression 308:317 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 2 50 theme glycans 352:358 arg1 structure 323:331 structure 323:331 structure 323:331 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 8 51 theme phosphatase 1118:1128 arg1 activity 1097:1104 the activity 1093:1104 the activity of alkaline phosphatase 1093:1128 However, an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase was also observed. 24604396 6 52 theme increased 846:854 arg1 percentage 856:865 An increased percentage 843:865 An increased percentage of cells in S phase 843:885 An increased percentage of cells in S phase was also observed among the SW620 cells treated with 5-FU. 24604396 9 53 theme SW620 1182:1186 arg1 cells 1188:1192 the SW620 cells 1178:1192 the SW620 cells 1178:1192 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 1 54 theme major 127:131 arg1 5-Fluorouracil 98:111 5-Fluorouracil 98:111 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 98:118 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 1 54 theme major 127:131 arg1 agent 150:154 the major chemotherapeutic agent 123:154 the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface 123:286 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 9 55 with pretreatment 1162:1173 arg1 5-FU 1199:1202 5-FU 1199:1202 5-FU 1199:1202 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 7 56 theme polylactosamine 1031:1045 arg1 glycans 1047:1053 polylactosamine glycans 1031:1053 polylactosamine glycans 1031:1053 Under the same experimental conditions, a decrease in the 5-FU‑induced inhibition of polylactosamine glycans was recorded. 24604396 9 57 theme cluster 1285:1291 arg1 expression 1218:1227 the expression 1214:1227 the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 1214:1318 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 1 58 theme chemotherapeutic 133:148 arg1 5-Fluorouracil 98:111 5-Fluorouracil 98:111 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 98:118 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 1 58 theme chemotherapeutic 133:148 arg1 agent 150:154 the major chemotherapeutic agent 123:154 the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface 123:286 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the major chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma, which were found to have N-glycans containing polylactosamine on the cancer cell surface. 24604396 2 59 theme polylactosamine 336:350 arg1 glycans 352:358 polylactosamine glycans 336:358 polylactosamine glycans 336:358 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 0 60 theme polylactosamine‑type 66:85 arg1 N‑glycans 87:95 polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans 66:95 polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans 66:95 Colon cancer cells treated with 5‑fluorouracil exhibit changes in polylactosamine‑type N‑glycans. 24604396 2 61 from Alterations 289:299 arg1 expression 308:317 expression 308:317 expression 308:317 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 2 61 from Alterations 289:299 arg1 structure 323:331 structure 323:331 structure 323:331 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 8 62 from increase 1081:1088 arg1 activity 1097:1104 the activity 1093:1104 the activity of alkaline phosphatase 1093:1128 However, an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase was also observed. 24604396 4 63 theme SW620 605:609 arg1 cells 611:615 SW620 cells 605:615 SW620 cells 605:615 In the present study, SW620 cells were treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50; determined by MTT-assay) of 5-FU. 24604396 9 64 theme differentiation 1296:1310 arg1 CD 1313:1314 CD 1313:1314 CD 1313:1314 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 9 64 theme differentiation 1296:1310 arg1 β3Gn-T8 1272:1278 β3Gn-T8 1272:1278 β3Gn-T8 1272:1278 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 9 64 theme differentiation 1296:1310 arg1 cluster 1285:1291 cluster 1285:1291 cluster of differentiation (CD) 1285:1315 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 9 64 theme differentiation 1296:1310 arg1 β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 1232:1269 β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 1232:1269 β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) 1232:1279 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 24604396 2 65 theme cellular 380:387 arg1 differentiation 389:403 cellular differentiation 380:403 cellular differentiation 380:403 Alterations in the expression and structure of polylactosamine glycans are associated with cellular differentiation and oncogenesis. 24604396 9 66 dep β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 1232:1269 arg1 147 1316:1318 147 1316:1318 147 1316:1318 Furthermore, pretreatment of the SW620 cells with 5-FU inhibited the expression of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3Gn-T8) and cluster of differentiation (CD)147 in a time-dependent manner. 27130732 0 0 theme matriglycan 88:98 arg1 addition 100:107 matriglycan addition 88:107 matriglycan addition 88:107 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan contains a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition. 27130732 4 1 theme CDP-ribitol 577:587 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 598:614 a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase 575:614 a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 575:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 4 1 theme CDP-ribitol 577:587 arg1 ISPD 567:570 ISPD 567:570 ISPD 567:570 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 0 2 contain contains 50:57 arg2 phospho-ribitol 61:75 a phospho-ribitol 59:75 a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition 59:107 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan contains a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition. 27130732 0 2 contain contains 50:57 arg1 glycan 25:30 The functional O-mannose glycan 0:30 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan 0:48 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan contains a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition. 27130732 1 3 theme alpha-dystroglycan 185:202 arg1 modification 169:180 the proper modification 158:180 the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan 158:202 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 4 4 theme ribose 590:595 arg1 pyrophosphorylase 598:614 a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase 575:614 a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 575:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 4 4 theme ribose 590:595 arg1 ISPD 567:570 ISPD 567:570 ISPD 567:570 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 7 5 theme structure-a 994:1004 arg1 ribitol 1006:1012 a novel structure-a ribitol 986:1012 a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains 986:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 4 6 theme ribitol 681:687 arg1 insertion 668:676 the insertion 664:676 the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 664:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 5 7 theme UDP-xylosyl 749:759 arg1 transferase 761:771 a UDP-xylosyl transferase 747:771 a UDP-xylosyl transferase that elaborates the structure 747:801 TMEM5 is a UDP-xylosyl transferase that elaborates the structure. 27130732 5 7 theme UDP-xylosyl 749:759 arg1 TMEM5 738:742 TMEM5 738:742 TMEM5 738:742 TMEM5 is a UDP-xylosyl transferase that elaborates the structure. 27130732 7 8 theme phosphodiester 1019:1032 arg1 linkage-for 1034:1044 a phosphodiester linkage-for 1017:1044 a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains 1017:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 7 9 theme novel 988:992 arg1 ribitol 1006:1012 a novel structure-a ribitol 986:1012 a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains 986:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 4 10 from insertion 668:676 arg1 linkage 709:715 a phosphodiester linkage 692:715 a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 692:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 7 11 theme LG 1155:1156 arg1 domains 1158:1164 LG domains 1155:1164 LG domains 1155:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 6 12 from defects 875:881 arg1 TMEM5 886:890 TMEM5 886:890 TMEM5 886:890 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 0 13 theme functional 4:13 arg1 glycan 25:30 The functional O-mannose glycan 0:30 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan 0:48 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan contains a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition. 27130732 4 14 gly glycoprotein 724:735 arg1 glycoprotein 724:735 the glycoprotein 720:735 the glycoprotein 720:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 3 15 theme ribitol 504:510 arg1 structure 512:520 a novel ribitol structure 496:520 a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose 496:564 This functional glycan contains a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose. 27130732 3 16 theme functional 469:478 arg1 glycan 480:485 This functional glycan 464:485 This functional glycan 464:485 This functional glycan contains a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose. 27130732 4 17 theme sugar 643:647 arg1 nucleotide 649:658 the reduced sugar nucleotide 631:658 the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 631:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 6 18 theme human 856:860 arg1 patient 862:868 a human patient 854:868 a human patient 854:868 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 4 19 theme reduced 635:641 arg1 nucleotide 649:658 the reduced sugar nucleotide 631:658 the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 631:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 27130732 2 20 theme glycan 357:362 arg1 structure 321:329 the structure 317:329 the structure of an O-mannose-initiated glycan on alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide 317:461 Here we elucidate further the structure of an O-mannose-initiated glycan on alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide. 27130732 3 21 contain contains 487:494 arg2 structure 512:520 a novel ribitol structure 496:520 a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose 496:564 This functional glycan contains a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose. 27130732 3 21 contain contains 487:494 arg1 glycan 480:485 This functional glycan 464:485 This functional glycan 464:485 This functional glycan contains a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose. 27130732 0 22 theme O-mannose 15:23 arg1 glycan 25:30 The functional O-mannose glycan 0:30 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan 0:48 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan contains a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition. 27130732 7 23 theme ECM 1135:1137 arg1 proteins 1139:1146 ECM proteins 1135:1146 ECM proteins having LG domains 1135:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 6 24 theme brain 950:954 arg1 development 956:966 abnormal brain development 941:966 abnormal brain development 941:966 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 2 25 theme O-mannose-initiated 337:355 arg1 glycan 357:362 an O-mannose-initiated glycan 334:362 an O-mannose-initiated glycan 334:362 Here we elucidate further the structure of an O-mannose-initiated glycan on alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide. 27130732 1 26 theme encoding 225:232 arg1 genes 234:238 the encoding genes 221:238 the encoding genes 221:238 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 7 27 theme functional 1111:1120 arg1 receptor 1122:1129 the functional receptor 1107:1129 the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains 1107:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 6 28 theme abnormal 941:948 arg1 development 956:966 abnormal brain development 941:966 abnormal brain development 941:966 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 7 29 from moiety 1050:1055 arg1 linkage-for 1034:1044 a phosphodiester linkage-for 1017:1044 a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains 1017:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 3 30 theme novel 498:502 arg1 structure 512:520 a novel ribitol structure 496:520 a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose 496:564 This functional glycan contains a novel ribitol structure that links a phosphotrisaccharide to xylose. 27130732 6 31 from dystrophy 911:919 arg1 combination 924:934 combination 924:934 combination with abnormal brain development 924:966 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 7 32 contain having 1148:1153 arg1 proteins 1139:1146 ECM proteins 1135:1146 ECM proteins having LG domains 1135:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 7 32 contain having 1148:1153 arg2 domains 1158:1164 LG domains 1155:1164 LG domains 1155:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 7 33 from ribitol 1006:1012 arg1 linkage-for 1034:1044 a phosphodiester linkage-for 1017:1044 a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains 1017:1164 Thus, we propose a novel structure-a ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage-for the moiety on which TMEM5, B4GAT1, and LARGE act to generate the functional receptor for ECM proteins having LG domains. 27130732 2 34 from structure 321:329 arg1 alpha-dystroglycan 367:384 alpha-dystroglycan 367:384 alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide 367:461 Here we elucidate further the structure of an O-mannose-initiated glycan on alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide. 27130732 1 35 theme proper 162:167 arg1 modification 169:180 the proper modification 158:180 the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan 158:202 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 1 36 theme Multiple 110:117 arg1 glycosyltransferases 119:138 Multiple glycosyltransferases 110:138 Multiple glycosyltransferases 110:138 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 1 37 theme congenital/limb-girdle 246:267 arg1 dystrophies 278:288 congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies 246:288 congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies 246:288 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 6 38 theme muscular 902:909 arg1 dystrophy 911:919 muscular dystrophy 902:919 muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development 902:966 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 1 39 from mutations 208:216 arg1 genes 234:238 the encoding genes 221:238 the encoding genes 221:238 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 1 40 theme muscular 269:276 arg1 dystrophies 278:288 congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies 246:288 congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies 246:288 Multiple glycosyltransferases are essential for the proper modification of alpha-dystroglycan, as mutations in the encoding genes cause congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. 27130732 6 41 theme zebrafish 824:832 arg1 model 834:838 a zebrafish model 822:838 a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient 822:868 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 2 42 theme matrix-binding 433:446 arg1 polysaccharide 448:461 its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide 415:461 its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide 415:461 Here we elucidate further the structure of an O-mannose-initiated glycan on alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide. 27130732 6 43 with combination 924:934 arg1 development 956:966 abnormal brain development 941:966 abnormal brain development 941:966 We demonstrate in a zebrafish model as well as in a human patient that defects in TMEM5 result in muscular dystrophy in combination with abnormal brain development. 27130732 0 44 from glycan 25:30 arg1 α-dystroglycan 35:48 α-dystroglycan 35:48 α-dystroglycan 35:48 The functional O-mannose glycan on α-dystroglycan contains a phospho-ribitol primed for matriglycan addition. 27130732 2 45 theme extracellular 419:431 arg1 polysaccharide 448:461 its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide 415:461 its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide 415:461 Here we elucidate further the structure of an O-mannose-initiated glycan on alpha-dystroglycan that is required to generate its extracellular matrix-binding polysaccharide. 27130732 4 46 theme phosphodiester 694:707 arg1 linkage 709:715 a phosphodiester linkage 692:715 a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein 692:735 ISPD is a CDP-ribitol (ribose) pyrophosphorylase that generates the reduced sugar nucleotide for the insertion of ribitol in a phosphodiester linkage to the glycoprotein. 29210649 4 0 theme fusiforme 525:533 arg1 polysaccharides 535:549 S. fusiforme polysaccharides 522:549 S. fusiforme polysaccharides 522:549 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 9 1 theme small 1601:1605 arg1 intestine 1607:1615 the small intestine 1597:1615 the small intestine 1597:1615 CONCLUSION The results suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging. 29210649 5 2 theme mice 781:784 arg1 intestine 768:776 the small intestine 758:776 the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process 758:815 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 4 3 theme physiological 618:630 arg1 status 632:637 physiological status 618:637 physiological status 618:637 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 5 4 theme aging 803:807 arg1 process 809:815 the aging process 799:815 the aging process 799:815 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 5 theme cytoprotective 694:707 arg1 effect 709:714 the cytoprotective effect 690:714 the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) 690:753 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 3 6 contain possess 434:440 arg2 activities 468:477 antioxidant and antiaging activities 442:477 antioxidant and antiaging activities 442:477 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 29210649 3 6 contain possess 434:440 arg1 polysaccharides 418:432 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides 398:432 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides 398:432 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 29210649 0 7 theme Physiol 97:103 arg1 ogy 105:107 its Physiol ogy 93:107 its Physiol ogy 93:107 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 5 8 theme mice 986:989 arg1 intestine 964:972 the small intestine 954:972 the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet 954:1064 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 7 9 theme small 1350:1354 arg1 intestine 1356:1364 the small intestine 1346:1364 the small intestine 1346:1364 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 5 10 theme small 958:962 arg1 intestine 964:972 the small intestine 954:972 the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet 954:1064 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 7 11 theme Nrf2/ARE 1386:1393 arg1 pathway 1405:1411 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 1382:1411 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 1382:1411 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 8 12 dep intestine 1488:1496 arg1 microbiota 1498:1507 microbiota 1498:1507 the small intestine microbiota 1478:1507 Moreover, SFPS could partially rejuvenate the overall status of the small intestine microbiota. 29210649 6 13 theme intestine 1127:1135 arg1 microbiota 1137:1146 the small intestine microbiota 1117:1146 the small intestine microbiota 1117:1146 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 0 14 from Intestine 58:66 arg1 Mice 71:74 Mice 71:74 Mice 71:74 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 9 15 theme dietary 1548:1554 arg1 SFPS 1556:1559 dietary SFPS 1548:1559 dietary SFPS 1548:1559 CONCLUSION The results suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging. 29210649 7 16 theme signaling 1395:1403 arg1 pathway 1405:1411 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 1382:1411 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 1382:1411 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 9 17 dep CONCLUSION 1510:1519 arg1 suggested 1533:1541 suggested 1533:1541 suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging 1533:1656 CONCLUSION The results suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging. 29210649 7 18 theme SFPS 1284:1287 arg1 intake 1274:1279 dietary intake 1266:1279 dietary intake of SFPS 1266:1287 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 3 19 theme antiaging 458:466 arg1 activities 468:477 antioxidant and antiaging activities 442:477 antioxidant and antiaging activities 442:477 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 29210649 3 20 theme Numerous 361:368 arg1 studies 370:376 Numerous studies 361:376 Numerous studies 361:376 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 29210649 4 21 theme S. 522:523 arg1 polysaccharides 535:549 S. fusiforme polysaccharides 522:549 S. fusiforme polysaccharides 522:549 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 0 22 theme Sargassum 0:8 arg1 Rejuvenat 35:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat 0:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat 0:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 8 23 theme overall 1460:1466 arg1 status 1468:1473 the overall status 1456:1473 the overall status of the small intestine microbiota 1456:1507 Moreover, SFPS could partially rejuvenate the overall status of the small intestine microbiota. 29210649 7 24 theme declined 1310:1317 arg1 capacity 1334:1341 the declined cytoprotective capacity 1306:1341 the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine 1306:1364 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 0 25 theme fusiforme 10:18 arg1 Rejuvenat 35:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat 0:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat 0:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 5 26 dep markers 881:887 arg1 SOD-2 890:894 SOD-2 890:894 SOD-2 890:894 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 26 dep markers 881:887 arg1 markers 881:887 several representative markers 858:887 several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) 858:915 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 26 dep markers 881:887 arg1 HO-1 911:914 HO-1 911:914 HO-1 911:914 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 26 dep markers 881:887 arg1 NQO1 902:905 NQO1 902:905 NQO1 902:905 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 26 dep markers 881:887 arg1 CAT 897:899 CAT 897:899 CAT 897:899 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 7 27 theme dietary 1266:1272 arg1 intake 1274:1279 dietary intake 1266:1279 dietary intake of SFPS 1266:1287 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 5 28 theme signaling 933:941 arg1 pathway 943:949 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 920:949 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 920:949 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 2 29 dep status 277:282 arg1 The 259:261 The 259:261 The 259:261 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 3 30 theme fusiforme 408:416 arg1 polysaccharides 418:432 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides 398:432 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides 398:432 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 29210649 4 31 theme aging 589:593 arg1 insult 567:572 the insult 563:572 the insult of oxidant and aging 563:593 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 6 32 theme diversity 1214:1222 arg1 analyses 1224:1231 diversity analyses 1214:1231 diversity analyses 1214:1231 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 6 33 theme small 1121:1125 arg1 intestine 1127:1135 the small intestine 1117:1135 the small intestine microbiota 1117:1146 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 5 34 theme pathway 943:949 arg1 expressions 834:844 the expressions 830:844 the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 830:949 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 9 35 theme healthy 1644:1650 arg1 aging 1652:1656 a healthy aging 1642:1656 a healthy aging 1642:1656 CONCLUSION The results suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging. 29210649 2 36 attach linked 332:337 arg2 status 277:282 physiological status 263:282 physiological status 263:282 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 2 36 attach linked 332:337 arg1 process 352:358 the aging process 342:358 the aging process 342:358 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 2 36 attach linked 332:337 arg2 microbiota 288:297 microbiota 288:297 microbiota 288:297 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 0 37 theme Microbiota 117:126 arg1 Composition 128:138 Gut Microbiota Composition 113:138 Gut Microbiota Composition 113:138 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 9 38 theme intestine 1607:1615 arg1 condition 1584:1592 the health condition 1573:1592 the health condition of the small intestine 1573:1615 CONCLUSION The results suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging. 29210649 1 39 dep BACKGROUND 141:150 arg1 Aging 166:170 Aging 166:170 Aging 166:170 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aging can result in a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function. 29210649 1 40 theme progressive 188:198 arg1 decline 200:206 a progressive decline 186:206 a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function 186:256 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aging can result in a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function. 29210649 0 41 theme Polysaccharide 20:33 arg1 Rejuvenat 35:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat 0:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat 0:43 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 0 42 theme Gut 113:115 arg1 Composition 128:138 Gut Microbiota Composition 113:138 Gut Microbiota Composition 113:138 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 2 43 theme intestine 306:314 arg1 microbiota 288:297 microbiota 288:297 microbiota 288:297 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 2 43 theme intestine 306:314 arg1 status 277:282 physiological status 263:282 physiological status 263:282 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 5 44 theme several 858:864 arg1 SOD-2 890:894 SOD-2 890:894 SOD-2 890:894 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 44 theme several 858:864 arg1 markers 881:887 several representative markers 858:887 several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) 858:915 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 44 theme several 858:864 arg1 HO-1 911:914 HO-1 911:914 HO-1 911:914 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 44 theme several 858:864 arg1 NQO1 902:905 NQO1 902:905 NQO1 902:905 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 44 theme several 858:864 arg1 CAT 897:899 CAT 897:899 CAT 897:899 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 3 45 theme antioxidant 442:452 arg1 activities 468:477 antioxidant and antiaging activities 442:477 antioxidant and antiaging activities 442:477 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 29210649 6 46 theme compositional 1092:1104 arg1 changes 1106:1112 the overall compositional changes 1080:1112 the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota 1080:1146 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 4 47 dep status 632:637 arg1 the 614:616 the 614:616 the 614:616 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 5 48 theme representative 866:879 arg1 SOD-2 890:894 SOD-2 890:894 SOD-2 890:894 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 48 theme representative 866:879 arg1 markers 881:887 several representative markers 858:887 several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) 858:915 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 48 theme representative 866:879 arg1 HO-1 911:914 HO-1 911:914 HO-1 911:914 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 48 theme representative 866:879 arg1 NQO1 902:905 NQO1 902:905 NQO1 902:905 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 48 theme representative 866:879 arg1 CAT 897:899 CAT 897:899 CAT 897:899 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 49 theme SFPS-containing 1045:1059 arg1 diet 1061:1064 a SFPS-containing diet 1043:1064 a SFPS-containing diet 1043:1064 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 4 50 theme intestine 661:669 arg1 status 632:637 physiological status 618:637 physiological status 618:637 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 4 50 theme intestine 661:669 arg1 microbiota 643:652 microbiota 643:652 microbiota 643:652 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 1 51 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 protection 220:229 cellular protection 211:229 cellular protection 211:229 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aging can result in a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function. 29210649 5 52 theme small 762:766 arg1 intestine 768:776 the small intestine 758:776 the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process 758:815 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 53 theme S. 719:720 arg1 polysaccharides 732:746 S. fusiforme polysaccharides 719:746 S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) 719:753 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 53 theme S. 719:720 arg1 SFPS 749:752 SFPS 749:752 SFPS 749:752 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 7 54 theme cytoprotective 1319:1332 arg1 capacity 1334:1341 the declined cytoprotective capacity 1306:1341 the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine 1306:1364 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 0 55 theme Small 52:56 arg1 Intestine 58:66 the Small Intestine 48:66 the Small Intestine in Mice 48:74 Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharide Rejuvenat es the Small Intestine in Mice Through Altering its Physiol ogy and Gut Microbiota Composition. 29210649 4 56 theme oxidant 577:583 arg1 insult 567:572 the insult 563:572 the insult of oxidant and aging 563:593 However, it remains unclear as to whether S. fusiforme polysaccharides can prevent the insult of oxidant and aging through modulating the physiological status and microbiota of the intestine. 29210649 5 57 theme fusiforme 722:730 arg1 polysaccharides 732:746 S. fusiforme polysaccharides 719:746 S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) 719:753 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 57 theme fusiforme 722:730 arg1 SFPS 749:752 SFPS 749:752 SFPS 749:752 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 7 58 theme intestine 1356:1364 arg1 capacity 1334:1341 the declined cytoprotective capacity 1306:1341 the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine 1306:1364 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 6 59 from changes 1106:1112 arg1 microbiota 1137:1146 the small intestine microbiota 1117:1146 the small intestine microbiota 1117:1146 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 2 60 theme aging 346:350 arg1 process 352:358 the aging process 342:358 the aging process 342:358 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 6 61 theme 16s 1167:1169 arg1 sequencing 1176:1185 16s rDNA sequencing 1167:1185 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses 1167:1231 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 5 62 theme polysaccharides 732:746 arg1 effect 709:714 the cytoprotective effect 690:714 the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) 690:753 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 63 theme control 1002:1008 arg1 diet 1010:1013 a control diet 1000:1013 a control diet 1000:1013 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 5 64 theme ICR 982:984 arg1 mice 986:989 male ICR mice 977:989 male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet 977:1064 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 1 65 from decline 200:206 arg1 protection 220:229 cellular protection 211:229 cellular protection 211:229 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aging can result in a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function. 29210649 1 65 from decline 200:206 arg1 function 249:256 physiological function 235:256 physiological function 235:256 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aging can result in a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function. 29210649 6 66 theme overall 1084:1090 arg1 changes 1106:1112 the overall compositional changes 1080:1112 the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota 1080:1146 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 9 67 theme health 1577:1582 arg1 condition 1584:1592 the health condition 1573:1592 the health condition of the small intestine 1573:1615 CONCLUSION The results suggested that dietary SFPS may promote the health condition of the small intestine, consequently leading to a healthy aging. 29210649 5 68 theme male 977:980 arg1 mice 986:989 male ICR mice 977:989 male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet 977:1064 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 2 69 theme physiological 263:275 arg1 status 277:282 physiological status 263:282 physiological status 263:282 The physiological status and microbiota of the intestine are intensively linked to the aging process. 29210649 8 70 theme small 1482:1486 arg1 intestine 1488:1496 the small intestine microbiota 1478:1507 the small intestine microbiota 1478:1507 Moreover, SFPS could partially rejuvenate the overall status of the small intestine microbiota. 29210649 5 71 theme Nrf2/ARE 924:931 arg1 pathway 943:949 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 920:949 the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 920:949 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 7 72 dep RESULTS 1234:1240 arg1 showed 1254:1259 showed 1254:1259 showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 1254:1411 RESULTS The results showed that dietary intake of SFPS could ameliorate the declined cytoprotective capacity of the small intestine by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. 29210649 5 73 theme markers 881:887 arg1 expressions 834:844 the expressions 830:844 the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 830:949 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 6 74 theme rDNA 1171:1174 arg1 sequencing 1176:1185 16s rDNA sequencing 1167:1185 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses 1167:1231 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 6 75 dep alpha 1199:1203 arg1 analyses 1224:1231 diversity analyses 1214:1231 diversity analyses 1214:1231 In addition, the overall compositional changes in the small intestine microbiota were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing followed by alpha and beta diversity analyses. 29210649 1 76 theme physiological 235:247 arg1 function 249:256 physiological function 235:256 physiological function 235:256 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aging can result in a progressive decline in cellular protection and physiological function. 29210649 8 77 theme intestine 1488:1496 arg1 status 1468:1473 the overall status 1456:1473 the overall status of the small intestine microbiota 1456:1507 Moreover, SFPS could partially rejuvenate the overall status of the small intestine microbiota. 29210649 5 78 theme Nrf2 849:852 arg1 expressions 834:844 the expressions 830:844 the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway 830:949 METHODS To assess the cytoprotective effect of S. fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPS) in the small intestine of mice embarking on the aging process, we compared the expressions of Nrf2 and several representative markers (SOD-2, CAT, NQO1 and HO-1) of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the small intestine of male ICR mice fed with a control diet with those of mice fed with a SFPS-containing diet. 29210649 3 79 theme Sargassum 398:406 arg1 polysaccharides 418:432 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides 398:432 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides 398:432 Numerous studies have suggested that Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides possess antioxidant and antiaging activities. 28965966 9 0 theme significant 1176:1186 arg1 reductions 1188:1197 significant reductions 1176:1197 significant reductions in pH values 1176:1210 Mice administrated with HERP at 400mg/kgbw showed significant reductions in pH values while obvious increases in moisture amounts. 28965966 9 1 from reductions 1188:1197 arg1 values 1205:1210 pH values 1202:1210 pH values 1202:1210 Mice administrated with HERP at 400mg/kgbw showed significant reductions in pH values while obvious increases in moisture amounts. 28965966 8 2 theme treated 1110:1116 arg1 groups 1118:1123 polysaccharide treated groups 1095:1123 polysaccharide treated groups 1095:1123 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 8 3 theme mice 1072:1075 arg1 feces 1063:1067 feces 1063:1067 feces of mice 1063:1075 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 8 3 theme mice 1072:1075 arg1 productions 1016:1026 Short-chain fatty acids productions 992:1026 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents 992:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 4 4 theme HERP 531:534 arg1 effect 521:526 the effect 517:526 the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice 517:560 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 8 5 theme colonic 1031:1037 arg1 contents 1049:1056 colonic and cecum contents 1031:1056 contents 1049:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 1 6 theme Hericium 156:163 arg1 erinaceus 165:173 Hericium erinaceus 156:173 Hericium erinaceus 156:173 Hericium erinaceus was extracted with boiling water to obtain the crude polysaccharide (HECP) and refined polysaccharide (HERP). 28965966 4 7 theme oral 582:585 arg1 administration 587:600 oral administration 582:600 oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw) 582:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 0 8 theme erinaceus 104:112 arg1 body 87:90 fruiting body 78:90 fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice 78:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 8 9 theme fatty 1004:1008 arg1 acids 1010:1014 Short-chain fatty acids 992:1014 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents 992:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 4 10 from effect 521:526 arg1 health 547:552 colonic health 539:552 colonic health of mice 539:560 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 6 11 theme monosaccharide 853:866 arg1 compositions 868:879 different monosaccharide compositions 843:879 different monosaccharide compositions 843:879 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 0 12 theme Hericium 95:102 arg1 erinaceus 104:112 Hericium erinaceus 95:112 Hericium erinaceus 95:112 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 6 13 theme main 892:895 arg1 Glc 918:920 Glc 918:920 Glc 918:920 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 6 13 theme main 892:895 arg1 monosaccharides 897:911 the main monosaccharides 888:911 the main monosaccharides 888:911 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 8 14 theme cecum 1043:1047 arg1 contents 1049:1056 colonic and cecum contents 1031:1056 contents 1049:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 8 15 theme Short-chain 992:1002 arg1 acids 1010:1014 Short-chain fatty acids 992:1014 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents 992:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 1 16 theme refined 254:260 arg1 HERP 278:281 HERP 278:281 HERP 278:281 Hericium erinaceus was extracted with boiling water to obtain the crude polysaccharide (HECP) and refined polysaccharide (HERP). 28965966 1 16 theme refined 254:260 arg1 polysaccharide 262:275 refined polysaccharide 254:275 refined polysaccharide (HERP) 254:282 Hericium erinaceus was extracted with boiling water to obtain the crude polysaccharide (HECP) and refined polysaccharide (HERP). 28965966 6 17 contain had 839:841 arg2 compositions 868:879 different monosaccharide compositions 843:879 different monosaccharide compositions 843:879 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 6 17 contain had 839:841 arg1 fractions 829:837 the five purified fractions 811:837 the five purified fractions 811:837 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 6 17 contain had 839:841 arg1 HECP 802:805 HECP 802:805 HECP 802:805 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 6 17 contain had 839:841 arg1 HERP 796:799 HERP 796:799 HERP 796:799 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 7 18 theme similar 947:953 arg1 structure 955:963 similar structure 947:963 similar structure 947:963 They all showed similar structure with amorphous appearance. 28965966 5 19 theme polysaccharide 773:786 arg1 purity 788:793 polysaccharide purity 773:793 polysaccharide purity 773:793 Results showed that the gradual ethanol precipitation could remarkably increase polysaccharide purity. 28965966 5 20 theme gradual 717:723 arg1 precipitation 733:745 the gradual ethanol precipitation 713:745 the gradual ethanol precipitation 713:745 Results showed that the gradual ethanol precipitation could remarkably increase polysaccharide purity. 28965966 9 21 theme obvious 1218:1224 arg1 increases 1226:1234 obvious increases 1218:1234 obvious increases in moisture amounts 1218:1254 Mice administrated with HERP at 400mg/kgbw showed significant reductions in pH values while obvious increases in moisture amounts. 28965966 8 22 theme acids 1010:1014 arg1 productions 1016:1026 Short-chain fatty acids productions 992:1026 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents 992:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 4 23 theme weight 646:651 arg1 100 616:618 100 616:618 100 616:618 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 4 23 theme weight 646:651 arg1 mg/kgbw 654:660 mg/kgbw 654:660 mg/kgbw 654:660 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 4 23 theme weight 646:651 arg1 weight 646:651 body weight 641:651 body weight (mg/kgbw) 641:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 5 24 theme ethanol 725:731 arg1 precipitation 733:745 the gradual ethanol precipitation 713:745 the gradual ethanol precipitation 713:745 Results showed that the gradual ethanol precipitation could remarkably increase polysaccharide purity. 28965966 10 25 theme ethanol 1290:1296 arg1 precipitation 1298:1310 gradual ethanol precipitation 1282:1310 gradual ethanol precipitation 1282:1310 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 4 26 theme body 641:644 arg1 mg/kgbw 654:660 mg/kgbw 654:660 mg/kgbw 654:660 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 4 26 theme body 641:644 arg1 weight 646:651 body weight 641:651 body weight (mg/kgbw) 641:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 3 27 theme physicochemical 383:397 arg1 properties 399:408 Their physicochemical properties 377:408 Their physicochemical properties 377:408 Their physicochemical properties were evaluated, including chemical components, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. 28965966 10 28 theme polysaccharide 1345:1358 arg1 purification 1329:1340 purification 1329:1340 purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus 1329:1382 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 3 29 theme chemical 436:443 arg1 components 445:454 chemical components 436:454 chemical components 436:454 Their physicochemical properties were evaluated, including chemical components, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. 28965966 4 30 theme mice 557:560 arg1 health 547:552 colonic health 539:552 colonic health of mice 539:560 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 4 31 theme 400mg/kg 629:636 arg1 dosages 605:611 dosages 605:611 dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw) 605:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 0 32 theme effect 122:127 arg1 body 87:90 fruiting body 78:90 fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice 78:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 9 33 theme moisture 1239:1246 arg1 amounts 1248:1254 moisture amounts 1239:1254 moisture amounts 1239:1254 Mice administrated with HERP at 400mg/kgbw showed significant reductions in pH values while obvious increases in moisture amounts. 28965966 9 34 theme pH 1202:1203 arg1 values 1205:1210 pH values 1202:1210 pH values 1202:1210 Mice administrated with HERP at 400mg/kgbw showed significant reductions in pH values while obvious increases in moisture amounts. 28965966 3 35 theme molecular 488:496 arg1 weight 498:503 molecular weight 488:503 molecular weight 488:503 Their physicochemical properties were evaluated, including chemical components, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. 28965966 0 36 from body 87:90 arg1 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 0 36 from body 87:90 arg1 properties 44:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 0 36 from body 87:90 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 0 36 from body 87:90 arg1 health 140:145 colonic health 132:145 colonic health of mice 132:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 10 37 from erinaceus 1374:1382 arg1 purification 1329:1340 purification 1329:1340 purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus 1329:1382 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 3 38 theme monosaccharide 457:470 arg1 composition 472:482 monosaccharide composition 457:482 monosaccharide composition 457:482 Their physicochemical properties were evaluated, including chemical components, monosaccharide composition and molecular weight. 28965966 0 39 theme physicochemical 28:42 arg1 properties 44:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 4 40 theme colonic 539:545 arg1 health 547:552 colonic health 539:552 colonic health of mice 539:560 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 0 41 theme colonic 132:138 arg1 health 140:145 colonic health 132:145 colonic health of mice 132:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 6 42 theme different 843:851 arg1 compositions 868:879 different monosaccharide compositions 843:879 different monosaccharide compositions 843:879 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 0 43 theme polysaccharide 58:71 arg1 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 purification 11:22 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 0 43 theme polysaccharide 58:71 arg1 properties 44:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 physicochemical properties 28:53 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 0 43 theme polysaccharide 58:71 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 4 44 from dosages 605:611 arg1 administration 587:600 oral administration 582:600 oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw) 582:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 0 45 theme mice 150:153 arg1 health 140:145 colonic health 132:145 colonic health of mice 132:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 2 46 theme ethanol 325:331 arg1 precipitation 333:345 gradual ethanol precipitation 317:345 gradual ethanol precipitation 317:345 HERP was further purified using gradual ethanol precipitation to obtain five sub-fractions. 28965966 8 47 theme polysaccharide 1095:1108 arg1 groups 1118:1123 polysaccharide treated groups 1095:1123 polysaccharide treated groups 1095:1123 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 10 48 theme Hericium 1365:1372 arg1 erinaceus 1374:1382 Hericium erinaceus 1365:1382 Hericium erinaceus 1365:1382 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 2 49 theme gradual 317:323 arg1 precipitation 333:345 gradual ethanol precipitation 317:345 gradual ethanol precipitation 317:345 HERP was further purified using gradual ethanol precipitation to obtain five sub-fractions. 28965966 9 50 from increases 1226:1234 arg1 amounts 1248:1254 moisture amounts 1239:1254 moisture amounts 1239:1254 Mice administrated with HERP at 400mg/kgbw showed significant reductions in pH values while obvious increases in moisture amounts. 28965966 6 51 theme purified 820:827 arg1 fractions 829:837 the five purified fractions 811:837 the five purified fractions 811:837 HERP, HECP and the five purified fractions had different monosaccharide compositions, while the main monosaccharides were Glc and Gal. 28965966 10 52 theme extracted 1392:1400 arg1 polysaccharide 1402:1415 the extracted polysaccharide 1388:1415 the extracted polysaccharide 1388:1415 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 0 53 from health 140:145 arg1 body 87:90 fruiting body 78:90 fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice 78:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 0 54 from erinaceus 104:112 arg1 health 140:145 colonic health 132:145 colonic health of mice 132:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 8 55 from productions 1016:1026 arg1 contents 1049:1056 colonic and cecum contents 1031:1056 contents 1049:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 1 56 theme crude 222:226 arg1 polysaccharide 228:241 the crude polysaccharide 218:241 the crude polysaccharide (HECP) 218:248 Hericium erinaceus was extracted with boiling water to obtain the crude polysaccharide (HECP) and refined polysaccharide (HERP). 28965966 1 56 theme crude 222:226 arg1 HECP 244:247 HECP 244:247 HECP 244:247 Hericium erinaceus was extracted with boiling water to obtain the crude polysaccharide (HECP) and refined polysaccharide (HERP). 28965966 0 57 theme fruiting 78:85 arg1 body 87:90 fruiting body 78:90 fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice 78:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 28965966 10 58 theme gradual 1282:1288 arg1 precipitation 1298:1310 gradual ethanol precipitation 1282:1310 gradual ethanol precipitation 1282:1310 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 10 59 theme colonic 1431:1437 arg1 health 1439:1444 colonic health 1431:1444 colonic health 1431:1444 This study suggests that gradual ethanol precipitation is available for purification of polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus and the extracted polysaccharide could improve colonic health. 28965966 4 60 theme 200 621:623 arg1 dosages 605:611 dosages 605:611 dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw) 605:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 7 61 theme amorphous 970:978 arg1 appearance 980:989 amorphous appearance 970:989 amorphous appearance 970:989 They all showed similar structure with amorphous appearance. 28965966 4 62 theme 100 616:618 arg1 dosages 605:611 dosages 605:611 dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw) 605:661 Meanwhile, the effect of HERP on colonic health of mice was investigated by oral administration at dosages of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgbw), comparing with that of HECP. 28965966 8 63 from feces 1063:1067 arg1 contents 1049:1056 colonic and cecum contents 1031:1056 contents 1049:1056 Short-chain fatty acids productions in colonic and cecum contents, and feces of mice were increased in polysaccharide treated groups. 28965966 0 64 from effect 122:127 arg1 health 140:145 colonic health 132:145 colonic health of mice 132:153 Isolation, purification and physicochemical properties of polysaccharide from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and its effect on colonic health of mice. 27356388 3 0 with Rha 499:501 arg1 ratio 541:545 the molar ratio 531:545 the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79 531:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 1 1 theme Paeoniae 156:163 arg1 PYPS 191:194 PYPS 191:194 PYPS 191:194 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 1 1 theme Paeoniae 156:163 arg1 polysaccharide 176:189 Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide 156:189 Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS) 156:195 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 1 2 theme Radix 165:169 arg1 PYPS 191:194 PYPS 191:194 PYPS 191:194 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 1 2 theme Radix 165:169 arg1 polysaccharide 176:189 Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide 156:189 Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS) 156:195 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 0 3 from [Analysis 0:8 arg1 Polysaccharide 64:77 Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 44:77 Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 44:77 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide]. 27356388 3 4 with Glc 504:506 arg1 ratio 541:545 the molar ratio 531:545 the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79 531:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 0 5 dep Paeoniae 44:51 arg1 Radix 53:57 Radix 53:57 Radix 53:57 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide]. 27356388 2 6 theme molar 306:310 arg1 ratio 312:316 the molar ratio 302:316 the molar ratio 302:316 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 4 7 theme other 676:680 arg1 monosaccharides 687:701 the other five monosaccharides 672:701 the other five monosaccharides 672:701 Glc molar ratio increased gradually with the increasing of growth years, while the other five monosaccharides decreased. 27356388 2 8 from root 350:353 arg1 ratio 312:316 the molar ratio 302:316 the molar ratio 302:316 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 8 from root 350:353 arg1 composition 286:296 monosaccharide composition 271:296 monosaccharide composition 271:296 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 8 from root 350:353 arg1 PYPS 321:324 PYPS 321:324 PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years 321:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 9 theme different 358:366 arg1 years 375:379 different growth years 358:379 different growth years 358:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 5 10 theme growth 857:862 arg1 years 864:868 the different growth years 843:868 the different growth years 843:868 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 11 theme HPLC 746:749 arg1 method 751:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 1 12 dep composition 121:131 arg1 the 102:104 the 102:104 the 102:104 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 5 13 theme different 847:855 arg1 years 864:868 the different growth years 843:868 the different growth years 843:868 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 1 14 theme Alba 171:174 arg1 PYPS 191:194 PYPS 191:194 PYPS 191:194 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 1 14 theme Alba 171:174 arg1 polysaccharide 176:189 Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide 156:189 Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS) 156:195 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 2 15 theme monosaccharide 271:284 arg1 composition 286:296 monosaccharide composition 271:296 monosaccharide composition 271:296 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 1 16 theme polysaccharide 176:189 arg1 composition 121:131 monosaccharide composition 106:131 monosaccharide composition 106:131 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 1 16 theme polysaccharide 176:189 arg1 ratio 147:151 the molar ratio 137:151 the molar ratio 137:151 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 3 17 with Xyl 522:524 arg1 ratio 541:545 the molar ratio 531:545 the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79 531:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 3 18 with Man 494:496 arg1 ratio 541:545 the molar ratio 531:545 the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79 531:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 2 19 theme PYPS 321:324 arg1 ratio 312:316 the molar ratio 302:316 the molar ratio 302:316 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 19 theme PYPS 321:324 arg1 composition 286:296 monosaccharide composition 271:296 monosaccharide composition 271:296 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 4 20 theme molar 597:601 arg1 ratio 603:607 Glc molar ratio 593:607 Glc molar ratio 593:607 Glc molar ratio increased gradually with the increasing of growth years, while the other five monosaccharides decreased. 27356388 3 21 dep RESULTS 427:433 arg1 results 439:445 The results 435:445 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis 427:462 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 3 22 theme molar 535:539 arg1 ratio 541:545 the molar ratio 531:545 the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79 531:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 4 23 theme Glc 593:595 arg1 ratio 603:607 Glc molar ratio 593:607 Glc molar ratio 593:607 Glc molar ratio increased gradually with the increasing of growth years, while the other five monosaccharides decreased. 27356388 0 24 theme Compositions 28:39 arg1 [Analysis 0:8 [Analysis 0:8 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 0:77 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide]. 27356388 5 25 theme molecular 874:882 arg1 weight 884:889 molecular weight 874:889 molecular weight 874:889 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 0 26 theme Monosaccharide 13:26 arg1 Compositions 28:39 Monosaccharide Compositions 13:39 Monosaccharide Compositions 13:39 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide]. 27356388 5 27 theme PYPS 898:901 arg1 years 864:868 the different growth years 843:868 the different growth years 843:868 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 27 theme PYPS 898:901 arg1 weight 884:889 molecular weight 874:889 molecular weight 874:889 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 3 28 theme 1.17 580:583 arg1 ratio 541:545 the molar ratio 531:545 the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79 531:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 1 29 theme monosaccharide 106:119 arg1 composition 121:131 monosaccharide composition 106:131 monosaccharide composition 106:131 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 5 30 theme PYPS 938:941 arg1 Glc 904:906 Glc 904:906 Glc 904:906 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 30 theme PYPS 938:941 arg1 monosaccharide 920:933 the main monosaccharide 911:933 the main monosaccharide of PYPS 911:941 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 2 31 dep composition 286:296 arg1 the 267:269 the 267:269 the 267:269 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 0 32 theme Paeoniae 44:51 arg1 Polysaccharide 64:77 Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 44:77 Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 44:77 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide]. 27356388 5 33 dep PYPS 806:809 arg1 years 864:868 the different growth years 843:868 the different growth years 843:868 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 33 dep PYPS 806:809 arg1 weight 884:889 molecular weight 874:889 molecular weight 874:889 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 33 dep PYPS 806:809 arg1 ratio 818:822 molar ratio 812:822 molar ratio 812:822 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 3 34 theme analysis 455:462 arg1 results 439:445 The results 435:445 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis 427:462 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 2 35 theme graded 397:402 arg1 precipitation 412:424 graded alcohol precipitation 397:424 graded alcohol precipitation 397:424 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 5 36 theme CONCLUSION 714:723 arg1 method 751:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 2 37 theme alcohol 404:410 arg1 precipitation 412:424 graded alcohol precipitation 397:424 graded alcohol precipitation 397:424 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 0 38 theme Alba 59:62 arg1 Polysaccharide 64:77 Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 44:77 Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide 44:77 [Analysis of Monosaccharide Compositions in Paeoniae Radix Alba Polysaccharide]. 27356388 5 39 theme molar 812:816 arg1 ratio 818:822 molar ratio 812:822 molar ratio 812:822 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 2 40 theme HPLC 228:231 arg1 method 233:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 5 41 dep PYPS 898:901 arg1 Glc 904:906 Glc 904:906 Glc 904:906 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 41 dep PYPS 898:901 arg1 monosaccharide 920:933 the main monosaccharide 911:933 the main monosaccharide of PYPS 911:941 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 42 theme derivation 735:744 arg1 method 751:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 2 43 theme Pre-column 206:215 arg1 method 233:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 44 theme derivation 217:226 arg1 method 233:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 45 theme lactiflora 339:348 arg1 root 350:353 Paeonia lactiflora root 331:353 Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years 331:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 46 from composition 286:296 arg1 root 350:353 Paeonia lactiflora root 331:353 Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years 331:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 47 theme METHODS 198:204 arg1 method 233:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method 198:238 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 48 theme Paeonia 331:337 arg1 root 350:353 Paeonia lactiflora root 331:353 Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years 331:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 5 49 used used 765:768 arg2 method 751:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 1 50 theme molar 141:145 arg1 ratio 147:151 the molar ratio 137:151 the molar ratio 137:151 OBJECTIVE To analyze the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of Paeoniae Radix Alba polysaccharide(PYPS). 27356388 4 51 theme growth 652:657 arg1 years 659:663 growth years 652:663 growth years 652:663 Glc molar ratio increased gradually with the increasing of growth years, while the other five monosaccharides decreased. 27356388 2 52 theme years 375:379 arg1 root 350:353 Paeonia lactiflora root 331:353 Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years 331:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 3 53 theme HPLC 450:453 arg1 analysis 455:462 HPLC analysis 450:462 HPLC analysis 450:462 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 3 54 dep 1.17 580:583 arg1 0.79 587:590 0.79 587:590 0.79 587:590 RESULTS The results of HPLC analysis showed that PYPS consisted of Man, Rha, Glc, Ara, Gal and Xyl with the molar ratio of 156.26 : 0.73 : 0.85 : 1.03 : 1.17 : 0.79. 27356388 5 55 theme Precolumn 725:733 arg1 method 751:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method 714:756 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 56 theme main 915:918 arg1 Glc 904:906 Glc 904:906 Glc 904:906 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 56 theme main 915:918 arg1 monosaccharide 920:933 the main monosaccharide 911:933 the main monosaccharide of PYPS 911:941 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 5 57 from monosaccharides 787:801 arg1 PYPS 806:809 PYPS 806:809 PYPS 806:809 CONCLUSION Precolumn derivation HPLC method can be used to determine the monosaccharides in PYPS, molar ratio are differently in the different growth years and molecular weight of the PYPS, Glc is the main monosaccharide of PYPS. 27356388 2 58 theme growth 368:373 arg1 years 375:379 different growth years 358:379 different growth years 358:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27356388 2 59 from ratio 312:316 arg1 root 350:353 Paeonia lactiflora root 331:353 Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years 331:379 METHODS Pre-column derivation HPLC method was developed to determine the monosaccharide composition and the molar ratio of PYPS from Paeonia lactiflora root of different growth years and obtained by graded alcohol precipitation. 27015739 1 0 theme Mediterranean 325:337 arg1 Sea 339:341 the Mediterranean Sea 321:341 the Mediterranean Sea 321:341 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 1 1 theme Acinetospora 251:262 arg1 crinita 264:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 7 2 theme fatty 1264:1268 arg1 pool 1275:1278 the fatty acid pool 1260:1278 the fatty acid pool 1260:1278 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 1 3 theme Sea 339:341 arg1 bottoms 310:316 the rocky bottoms 300:316 the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea 300:341 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 6 4 theme A. crinita 1155:1164 arg1 algae 1166:1170 the isolated A. crinita algae 1142:1170 the isolated A. crinita algae 1142:1170 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 2 5 theme abundant 527:534 arg1 community 550:558 an abundant phytoplankton community 524:558 an abundant phytoplankton community 524:558 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 7 6 theme heterotrophic 1350:1362 arg1 growth 1364:1369 their heterotrophic growth 1344:1369 their heterotrophic growth 1344:1369 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 4 7 theme mucilages 780:788 arg1 similar 835:841 similar 835:841 similar 835:841 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 4 7 theme mucilages 780:788 arg1 compositions 740:751 The monosaccharide compositions 721:751 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita 721:822 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 5 8 theme exopolymers 966:976 arg1 composition 914:924 the average composition 902:924 the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 902:976 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 4 9 theme Tyrrhenian 769:778 arg1 mucilages 780:788 Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages 756:788 Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita 756:822 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 1 10 dep elemental 137:145 arg1 the 133:135 the 133:135 the 133:135 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 5 11 theme sample 872:877 arg1 compositions 879:890 the Adriatic sample compositions 859:890 the Adriatic sample compositions 859:890 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 6 12 theme diatom 1214:1219 arg1 species 1221:1227 embedded diatom species 1205:1227 embedded diatom species 1205:1227 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 5 13 theme molecular 949:957 arg1 exopolymers 966:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 1 14 theme fatty 168:172 arg1 compositions 179:190 fatty acid compositions 168:190 fatty acid compositions 168:190 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 0 15 theme alga 54:57 arg1 crinita 72:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita 29:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales) 29:111 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 0 15 theme alga 54:57 arg1 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 3 16 theme aggregates 709:718 arg1 inside/outside 687:700 inside/outside 687:700 inside/outside of the aggregates 687:718 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 6 17 theme isolated 1146:1153 arg1 algae 1166:1170 the isolated A. crinita algae 1142:1170 the isolated A. crinita algae 1142:1170 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 6 18 theme embedded 1205:1212 arg1 species 1221:1227 embedded diatom species 1205:1227 embedded diatom species 1205:1227 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 1 19 theme acid 174:177 arg1 compositions 179:190 fatty acid compositions 168:190 fatty acid compositions 168:190 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 3 20 theme processes 666:674 arg1 evidence 650:657 evidence 650:657 evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates 650:718 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 3 21 theme stable 577:582 arg1 isotopes 584:591 the stable isotopes 573:591 the stable isotopes of C and N 573:602 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 6 22 from species 1221:1227 arg1 contributions 1186:1198 variable contributions 1177:1198 variable contributions from embedded diatom species 1177:1227 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 0 23 theme Organic 0:6 arg1 aggregates 8:17 Organic aggregates 0:17 Organic aggregates 0:17 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 3 24 theme isotopes 584:591 arg1 Analyses 561:568 Analyses 561:568 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N 561:602 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 6 25 theme variable 1177:1184 arg1 contributions 1186:1198 variable contributions 1177:1198 variable contributions from embedded diatom species 1177:1227 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 1 26 theme benthic 195:201 arg1 aggregates 203:212 benthic aggregates 195:212 benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea 195:341 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 2 27 theme nutrients 428:436 arg1 recycling 442:450 recycling 442:450 recycling of dissolved organic matter 442:478 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 2 27 theme nutrients 428:436 arg1 regeneration 412:423 regeneration 412:423 regeneration of nutrients 412:436 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 6 28 located observed 1130:1137 arg2 those 1124:1128 those 1124:1128 those 1124:1128 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 6 28 located observed 1130:1137 arg1 algae 1166:1170 the isolated A. crinita algae 1142:1170 the isolated A. crinita algae 1142:1170 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 4 29 theme Adriatic 756:763 arg1 mucilages 780:788 Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages 756:788 Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita 756:822 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 1 30 theme aggregates 203:212 arg1 compositions 179:190 fatty acid compositions 168:190 fatty acid compositions 168:190 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 1 30 theme aggregates 203:212 arg1 polysaccharide 148:161 polysaccharide 148:161 polysaccharide 148:161 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 1 30 theme aggregates 203:212 arg1 elemental 137:145 elemental 137:145 elemental 137:145 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 0 31 theme brown 48:52 arg1 crinita 72:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita 29:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales) 29:111 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 0 31 theme brown 48:52 arg1 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 5 32 theme observed 987:994 arg1 differences 996:1006 the observed differences 983:1006 the observed differences 983:1006 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 2 33 theme community 550:558 arg1 development 509:519 the development 505:519 the development of an abundant phytoplankton community 505:558 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 7 34 theme known 1318:1322 arg1 conditions 1329:1338 the known poor conditions 1314:1338 the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth 1314:1369 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 2 35 theme matter 473:478 arg1 recycling 442:450 recycling 442:450 recycling of dissolved organic matter 442:478 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 2 35 theme matter 473:478 arg1 regeneration 412:423 regeneration 412:423 regeneration of nutrients 412:436 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 0 36 theme benthopleustophyte 29:46 arg1 crinita 72:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita 29:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales) 29:111 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 0 36 theme benthopleustophyte 29:46 arg1 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 3 37 theme N 602:602 arg1 isotopes 584:591 the stable isotopes 573:591 the stable isotopes of C and N 573:602 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 5 38 theme Adriatic 863:870 arg1 compositions 879:890 the Adriatic sample compositions 859:890 the Adriatic sample compositions 859:890 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 0 39 theme Acinetospora 59:70 arg1 crinita 72:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita 29:78 benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales) 29:111 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 0 39 theme Acinetospora 59:70 arg1 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Ectocarpales 99:110 Organic aggregates formed by benthopleustophyte brown alga Acinetospora crinita (Acinetosporaceae, Ectocarpales). 27015739 1 40 theme rocky 304:308 arg1 bottoms 310:316 the rocky bottoms 300:316 the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea 300:341 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 5 41 theme Tyrrhenian 933:942 arg1 exopolymers 966:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 2 42 theme phytoplankton 536:548 arg1 community 550:558 an abundant phytoplankton community 524:558 an abundant phytoplankton community 524:558 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 7 43 theme bacterial 1234:1242 arg1 contribution 1244:1255 The bacterial contribution 1230:1255 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool 1230:1278 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 7 43 theme bacterial 1234:1242 arg1 low 1290:1292 low 1290:1292 low 1290:1292 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 2 44 theme dissolved 455:463 arg1 matter 473:478 dissolved organic matter 455:478 dissolved organic matter 455:478 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 3 45 theme C 596:596 arg1 isotopes 584:591 the stable isotopes 573:591 the stable isotopes of C and N 573:602 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 5 46 theme high 944:947 arg1 exopolymers 966:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 4 47 theme alga 808:811 arg1 A. crinita 813:822 brown alga A. crinita 802:822 brown alga A. crinita 802:822 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 3 48 theme marine 618:623 arg1 origin 625:630 their marine origin 612:630 their marine origin 612:630 Analyses of the stable isotopes of C and N display their marine origin and could provide evidence of the processes that occur inside/outside of the aggregates. 27015739 4 49 theme monosaccharide 725:738 arg1 similar 835:841 similar 835:841 similar 835:841 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 4 49 theme monosaccharide 725:738 arg1 compositions 740:751 The monosaccharide compositions 721:751 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita 721:822 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 6 50 theme fatty 1063:1067 arg1 patterns 1074:1081 The fatty acid patterns 1059:1081 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates 1059:1106 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 6 50 theme fatty 1063:1067 arg1 similar 1113:1119 similar 1113:1119 similar 1113:1119 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 4 51 theme brown 802:806 arg1 A. crinita 813:822 brown alga A. crinita 802:822 brown alga A. crinita 802:822 The monosaccharide compositions of Adriatic and Tyrrhenian mucilages produced by brown alga A. crinita were quite similar. 27015739 5 52 theme weight 959:964 arg1 exopolymers 966:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 929:976 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 1 53 theme filamentous 228:238 arg1 crinita 264:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 7 54 theme acid 1270:1273 arg1 pool 1275:1278 the fatty acid pool 1260:1278 the fatty acid pool 1260:1278 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 6 55 theme acid 1069:1072 arg1 patterns 1074:1081 The fatty acid patterns 1059:1081 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates 1059:1106 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 6 55 theme acid 1069:1072 arg1 similar 1113:1119 similar 1113:1119 similar 1113:1119 The fatty acid patterns found for the aggregates were similar to those observed in the isolated A. crinita algae with variable contributions from embedded diatom species. 27015739 5 56 theme different 1029:1037 arg1 stages 1051:1056 different degradation stages 1029:1056 different degradation stages 1029:1056 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 7 57 theme poor 1324:1327 arg1 conditions 1329:1338 the known poor conditions 1314:1338 the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth 1314:1369 The bacterial contribution to the fatty acid pool was quite low, most likely due to the known poor conditions for their heterotrophic growth. 27015739 5 58 theme average 906:912 arg1 composition 914:924 the average composition 902:924 the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers 902:976 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 2 59 theme mineralized 383:393 arg1 aggregates 348:357 The aggregates 344:357 The aggregates 344:357 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 2 59 theme mineralized 383:393 arg1 centers 395:401 mineralized centers 383:401 mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community 383:558 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 1 60 theme brown 240:244 arg1 crinita 264:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 27015739 2 61 theme organic 465:471 arg1 matter 473:478 dissolved organic matter 455:478 dissolved organic matter 455:478 The aggregates can be characterized as mineralized centers in which regeneration of nutrients and recycling of dissolved organic matter actively occur and favor the development of an abundant phytoplankton community. 27015739 5 62 theme degradation 1039:1049 arg1 stages 1051:1056 different degradation stages 1029:1056 different degradation stages 1029:1056 In particular, the Adriatic sample compositions resembled the average composition of the Tyrrhenian high molecular weight exopolymers, and the observed differences could be ascribed to different degradation stages. 27015739 1 63 theme alga 246:249 arg1 crinita 264:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita 224:270 This work presents the elemental, polysaccharide, and fatty acid compositions of benthic aggregates formed by the filamentous brown alga Acinetospora crinita, which are widely spread on the rocky bottoms of the Mediterranean Sea. 28936655 5 0 theme binding 849:855 arg1 specificity 821:831 the specificity 817:831 the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 817:1154 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 1 1 theme ubiquitous 151:160 arg1 proteins 101:108 The arabinogalactan proteins 81:108 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 81:115 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 1 theme ubiquitous 151:160 arg1 proteins 141:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 2 theme several 240:246 arg1 suber 309:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 2 theme several 240:246 arg1 species 254:260 several plant species 240:260 several plant species 240:260 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 3 from ubiquitous 151:160 arg1 plants 165:170 plants 165:170 plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 165:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 2 4 theme cell 334:337 arg1 membranes 339:347 cell membranes 334:347 cell membranes 334:347 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 1 5 theme plant 248:252 arg1 suber 309:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 5 theme plant 248:252 arg1 species 254:260 several plant species 240:260 several plant species 240:260 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 3 6 from oak 593:595 arg1 maturations 538:548 the maturations 534:548 the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak 534:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 0 7 from Immunolocalization 0:17 arg1 Quercus 42:48 Quercus 42:48 Quercus 42:48 Immunolocalization of AGPs and Pectins in Quercus suber Gametophytic Structures. 28936655 5 8 theme immunolocalization 962:979 arg1 technique 981:989 the immunolocalization technique 958:989 the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber 958:1043 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 6 9 theme aspects 1193:1199 arg1 description 1170:1180 An extensive description 1157:1180 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique 1157:1217 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 6 10 theme results 1315:1321 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 the critical analysis 1290:1310 the critical analysis 1290:1310 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 2 11 located found 325:329 arg1 membranes 339:347 cell membranes 334:347 cell membranes 334:347 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 2 11 located found 325:329 arg1 walls 358:362 cell walls 353:362 cell walls 353:362 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 2 11 located found 325:329 arg2 AGPs 316:319 AGPs 316:319 AGPs 316:319 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 6 12 theme extensive 1160:1168 arg1 description 1170:1180 An extensive description 1157:1180 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique 1157:1217 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 5 13 theme London 1052:1057 arg1 Resin 1059:1063 London Resin 1052:1063 London Resin (LR-White) 1052:1074 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 5 13 theme London 1052:1057 arg1 medium 1093:1098 the embedding medium 1079:1098 the embedding medium 1079:1098 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 5 13 theme London 1052:1057 arg1 LR-White 1066:1073 LR-White 1066:1073 LR-White 1066:1073 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 3 14 from gametophyte 573:583 arg1 oak 593:595 cork oak 588:595 cork oak 588:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 2 15 theme types 371:375 arg1 membranes 339:347 cell membranes 334:347 cell membranes 334:347 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 2 15 theme types 371:375 arg1 walls 358:362 cell walls 353:362 cell walls 353:362 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 5 16 with epitope 886:892 arg1 dye.In 913:918 a fluorescent dye.In 899:918 a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 899:1154 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 1 17 theme arabinogalactan 85:99 arg1 proteins 101:108 The arabinogalactan proteins 81:108 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 81:115 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 17 theme arabinogalactan 85:99 arg1 proteins 141:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 17 theme arabinogalactan 85:99 arg1 AGPs 111:114 AGPs 111:114 AGPs 111:114 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 5 18 theme vacuum 1107:1112 arg1 fixation 1114:1121 vacuum fixation 1107:1121 vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 1107:1154 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 4 19 theme AGP 676:678 arg1 epitopes 692:699 AGP and pectins epitopes 676:699 AGP and pectins epitopes 676:699 These findings were only possible to reveal, due to the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling. 28936655 5 20 theme antibody 840:847 arg1 binding 849:855 the antibody binding 836:855 the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 836:1154 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 6 21 dep stages 1270:1275 arg1 selection 1277:1285 selection 1277:1285 selection 1277:1285 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 6 22 theme critical 1294:1301 arg1 analysis 1303:1310 the critical analysis 1290:1310 the critical analysis 1290:1310 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 5 23 with fixation 1114:1121 arg1 formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 1128:1154 formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 1128:1154 formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 1128:1154 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 4 24 theme epitopes 692:699 arg1 study 667:671 the histological study 650:671 the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling 650:717 These findings were only possible to reveal, due to the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling. 28936655 5 25 attach linked 780:785 arg2 antibodies 769:778 antibodies 769:778 antibodies linked to fluorophores 769:801 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 5 25 attach linked 780:785 arg1 fluorophores 790:801 fluorophores 790:801 fluorophores 790:801 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 0 26 theme AGPs 22:25 arg1 Immunolocalization 0:17 Immunolocalization 0:17 Immunolocalization of AGPs and Pectins in Quercus 0:48 Immunolocalization of AGPs and Pectins in Quercus suber Gametophytic Structures. 28936655 1 27 theme monoecious 277:286 arg1 species 293:299 monoecious tree species 277:299 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 4 28 theme pectins 684:690 arg1 epitopes 692:699 AGP and pectins epitopes 676:699 AGP and pectins epitopes 676:699 These findings were only possible to reveal, due to the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling. 28936655 3 29 theme cell 442:445 arg1 Pectins 430:436 Pectins 430:436 Pectins 430:436 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 3 29 theme cell 442:445 arg1 components 452:461 cell wall components 442:461 cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak 442:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 5 30 theme immunofluorescence 724:741 arg1 microscopy 743:752 The immunofluorescence microscopy 720:752 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique 720:762 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 1 31 theme tree 288:291 arg1 species 293:299 monoecious tree species 277:299 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 32 gly glycosylated 128:139 arg1 proteins 101:108 The arabinogalactan proteins 81:108 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 81:115 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 32 gly glycosylated 128:139 arg1 proteins 141:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 2 33 theme tissues 380:386 arg1 types 371:375 all types 367:375 all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs 367:427 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 3 34 theme male 557:560 arg1 gametophyte 573:583 the male and female gametophyte 553:583 the male and female gametophyte in cork oak 553:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 1 35 theme numerous 197:204 arg1 aspects 206:212 numerous aspects 197:212 numerous aspects of sexual reproduction 197:235 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 0 36 theme Pectins 31:37 arg1 Immunolocalization 0:17 Immunolocalization 0:17 Immunolocalization of AGPs and Pectins in Quercus 0:48 Immunolocalization of AGPs and Pectins in Quercus suber Gametophytic Structures. 28936655 1 37 theme species 293:299 arg1 suber 309:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 5 38 theme microscopy 743:752 arg1 technique 754:762 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique 720:762 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique 720:762 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 5 39 theme suber 1039:1043 arg1 flowers 1020:1026 male and female flowers 1004:1026 male and female flowers of Quercus suber 1004:1043 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 1 40 theme Quercus 301:307 arg1 suber 309:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 4 41 theme histological 654:665 arg1 study 667:671 the histological study 650:671 the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling 650:717 These findings were only possible to reveal, due to the histological study of AGP and pectins epitopes by immunolabeling. 28936655 6 42 theme developmental 1256:1268 arg1 stages 1270:1275 the plant material developmental stages 1237:1275 the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations 1237:1390 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 5 43 theme male 1004:1007 arg1 flowers 1020:1026 male and female flowers 1004:1026 male and female flowers of Quercus suber 1004:1043 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 6 44 theme technique 1209:1217 arg1 aspects 1193:1199 all the aspects 1185:1199 all the aspects of this technique 1185:1217 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 5 45 theme embedding 1083:1091 arg1 Resin 1059:1063 London Resin 1052:1063 London Resin (LR-White) 1052:1074 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 5 45 theme embedding 1083:1091 arg1 medium 1093:1098 the embedding medium 1079:1098 the embedding medium 1079:1098 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 3 46 theme gametophyte 573:583 arg1 maturations 538:548 the maturations 534:548 the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak 534:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 6 47 theme material 1247:1254 arg1 stages 1270:1275 the plant material developmental stages 1237:1275 the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations 1237:1390 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 1 48 attach linked 187:192 arg2 plants 165:170 plants 165:170 plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 165:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 48 attach linked 187:192 arg3 suber 309:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 the monoecious tree species Quercus suber 273:313 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 48 attach linked 187:192 arg3 species 254:260 several plant species 240:260 several plant species 240:260 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 48 attach linked 187:192 arg1 aspects 206:212 numerous aspects 197:212 numerous aspects of sexual reproduction 197:235 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 3 49 theme wall 447:450 arg1 Pectins 430:436 Pectins 430:436 Pectins 430:436 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 3 49 theme wall 447:450 arg1 components 452:461 cell wall components 442:461 cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak 442:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 5 50 theme fluorescent 901:911 arg1 dye.In 913:918 a fluorescent dye.In 899:918 a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde 899:1154 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 6 51 theme plant 1241:1245 arg1 stages 1270:1275 the plant material developmental stages 1237:1275 the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations 1237:1390 An extensive description of all the aspects of this technique is provided, from the plant material developmental stages selection to the critical analysis of results performed, continuously supported by troubleshooting recommendations. 28936655 5 52 theme female 1013:1018 arg1 flowers 1020:1026 male and female flowers 1004:1026 male and female flowers of Quercus suber 1004:1043 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 3 53 theme cork 588:591 arg1 oak 593:595 cork oak 588:595 cork oak 588:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 5 54 theme Quercus 1031:1037 arg1 suber 1039:1043 Quercus suber 1031:1043 Quercus suber 1031:1043 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 28936655 1 55 theme glycosylated 128:139 arg1 proteins 101:108 The arabinogalactan proteins 81:108 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 81:115 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 55 theme glycosylated 128:139 arg1 proteins 141:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 highly glycosylated proteins 121:148 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 1 56 theme sexual 217:222 arg1 reproduction 224:235 sexual reproduction 217:235 sexual reproduction 217:235 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 3 57 theme female 566:571 arg1 gametophyte 573:583 the male and female gametophyte 553:583 the male and female gametophyte in cork oak 553:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 2 58 theme cell 353:356 arg1 walls 358:362 cell walls 353:362 cell walls 353:362 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 3 59 from maturations 538:548 arg1 oak 593:595 cork oak 588:595 cork oak 588:595 Pectins are cell wall components that also have been shown to change in composition and quantity during the maturations of the male and female gametophyte in cork oak. 28936655 1 60 theme reproduction 224:235 arg1 aspects 206:212 numerous aspects 197:212 numerous aspects of sexual reproduction 197:235 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 0 61 theme Gametophytic 56:67 arg1 Structures 69:78 Gametophytic Structures 56:78 Gametophytic Structures 56:78 Immunolocalization of AGPs and Pectins in Quercus suber Gametophytic Structures. 28936655 2 62 theme reproductive 399:410 arg1 cells 412:416 reproductive cells 399:416 reproductive cells 399:416 AGPs are found in cell membranes and cell walls of all types of tissues, including reproductive cells and organs. 28936655 1 63 from plants 165:170 arg1 ubiquitous 151:160 ubiquitous 151:160 ubiquitous 151:160 The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins, ubiquitous in plants that have been linked to numerous aspects of sexual reproduction in several plant species, including the monoecious tree species Quercus suber. 28936655 5 64 dep dye.In 913:918 arg1 explore 950:956 explore 950:956 explore 950:956 The immunofluorescence microscopy technique uses antibodies linked to fluorophores and relies on the specificity of the antibody binding to its antigen, labeling the epitope with a fluorescent dye.In the method presented here, we explore the immunolocalization technique performed in male and female flowers of Quercus suber, using London Resin (LR-White) as the embedding medium, after vacuum fixation with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde. 29247593 6 0 with treatment 898:906 arg1 sialyltransferase 920:936 α(2,6) sialyltransferase 913:936 α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA 913:964 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 7 1 theme antibody 1018:1025 arg1 antibody 1018:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody 991:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) 991:1035 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 1 theme antibody 1018:1025 arg1 % 986:986 >90% 983:986 >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 983:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 1 theme antibody 1018:1025 arg1 quantities 1051:1060 equimolar quantities 1041:1060 equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1041:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 1 theme antibody 1018:1025 arg1 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 10 2 theme rapid 1495:1499 arg1 This 1470:1473 This 1470:1473 This 1470:1473 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 10 2 theme rapid 1495:1499 arg1 method 1501:1506 an efficient and rapid method 1478:1506 an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles 1478:1580 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 7 3 theme human 1106:1110 arg1 antibodies 1112:1121 human antibodies 1106:1121 human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1106:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 6 4 theme stage 816:820 arg1 sialidase 850:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 11 5 theme glycans 1672:1678 arg1 relationship 1647:1658 the structure-function relationship 1624:1658 the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans 1624:1678 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 29247593 7 6 theme forms 1097:1101 arg1 antibody 1018:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody 991:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) 991:1035 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 6 theme forms 1097:1101 arg1 quantities 1051:1060 equimolar quantities 1041:1060 equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1041:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 6 theme forms 1097:1101 arg1 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 1 7 theme cell 126:129 arg1 culture 131:137 mammalian cell culture 116:137 mammalian cell culture 116:137 Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. 29247593 3 8 dep antibodies 338:347 arg1 immobilized 355:365 immobilized 355:365 immobilized on an affinity column 355:387 The authors report a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column. 29247593 5 9 theme reaction 634:641 arg1 process 643:649 a one stage reaction process 622:649 a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues 622:699 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 7 10 dep forms 1097:1101 arg1 monosialylated 1065:1078 monosialylated 1065:1078 monosialylated 1065:1078 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 10 dep forms 1097:1101 arg1 disialylated 1084:1095 disialylated 1084:1095 disialylated 1084:1095 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 9 11 theme steps 1416:1420 arg1 series 1396:1401 a series 1394:1401 a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification 1394:1467 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 8 12 theme high 1174:1177 arg1 levels 1179:1184 Such high levels 1169:1184 Such high levels of sialylation 1169:1199 Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. 29247593 6 13 theme CMP-NANA 957:964 arg1 presence 945:952 the presence 941:952 the presence of CMP-NANA 941:964 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 8 14 theme typical 1233:1239 arg1 methods 1254:1260 typical cell culture methods 1233:1260 typical cell culture methods 1233:1260 Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. 29247593 10 15 theme glycosylation 1559:1571 arg1 profiles 1573:1580 predefined glycosylation profiles 1548:1580 predefined glycosylation profiles 1548:1580 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 7 16 theme equimolar 1041:1049 arg1 quantities 1051:1060 equimolar quantities 1041:1060 equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1041:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 4 17 theme G 466:466 arg1 columns 468:474 Protein A or G columns 453:474 Protein A or G columns 453:474 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 8 18 theme culture 1246:1252 arg1 methods 1254:1260 typical cell culture methods 1233:1260 typical cell culture methods 1233:1260 Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. 29247593 5 19 theme Galactosylated 567:580 arg1 antibodies 582:591 Galactosylated antibodies 567:591 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) 567:604 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 19 theme Galactosylated 567:580 arg1 yield 599:603 >90% yield 594:603 >90% yield 594:603 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 20 theme acid 687:690 arg1 residues 692:699 any sialic acid residues 676:699 any sialic acid residues 676:699 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 3 21 theme enzymatic-based 311:325 arg1 changes 327:333 sequential enzymatic-based changes 300:333 sequential enzymatic-based changes 300:333 The authors report a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column. 29247593 7 22 theme human-llama 1006:1016 arg1 antibody 1018:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody 991:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) 991:1035 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 22 theme human-llama 1006:1016 arg1 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 1 23 theme heterogeneous 142:154 arg1 Antibodies 86:95 Antibodies 86:95 Antibodies 86:95 Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. 29247593 1 23 theme heterogeneous 142:154 arg1 mixtures 156:163 heterogeneous mixtures 142:163 heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms 142:177 Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. 29247593 4 24 theme A 461:461 arg1 columns 468:474 Protein A or G columns 453:474 Protein A or G columns 453:474 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 4 25 dep antibodies 398:407 arg1 monoclonal 410:419 monoclonal 410:419 monoclonal 410:419 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 4 25 dep antibodies 398:407 arg1 polyclonal 425:434 polyclonal 425:434 polyclonal 425:434 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 0 26 theme Glycoform 64:72 arg1 Antibodies 74:83 Single Glycoform Antibodies 57:83 Single Glycoform Antibodies 57:83 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. 29247593 2 27 theme glycoforms 201:210 arg1 Production 180:189 Production 180:189 Production of single glycoforms 180:210 Production of single glycoforms remains a challenge despite their value as therapeutics. 29247593 4 28 theme enzymes 529:535 arg1 addition 517:524 sequential addition 506:524 sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation 506:564 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 3 29 theme affinity 373:380 arg1 column 382:387 an affinity column 370:387 an affinity column 370:387 The authors report a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column. 29247593 7 30 dep antibodies 1112:1121 arg1 αIL8-hFc 1124:1131 αIL8-hFc 1124:1131 αIL8-hFc 1124:1131 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 30 dep antibodies 1112:1121 arg1 polyclonal 1143:1152 polyclonal 1143:1152 polyclonal 1143:1152 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 5 31 theme % 597:597 arg1 antibodies 582:591 Galactosylated antibodies 567:591 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) 567:604 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 31 theme % 597:597 arg1 yield 599:603 >90% yield 594:603 >90% yield 594:603 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 0 32 theme Solid-Phase 0:10 arg1 Remodeling 22:31 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling 0:31 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling 0:31 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. 29247593 11 33 theme glycosylation 1700:1712 arg1 profile 1714:1720 the desired glycosylation profile 1688:1720 the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity 1688:1749 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 29247593 9 34 dep method 1268:1273 arg1 held 1315:1318 held 1315:1318 is held on a solid-phase column 1312:1342 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 1 35 theme mammalian 116:124 arg1 culture 131:137 mammalian cell culture 116:137 mammalian cell culture 116:137 Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. 29247593 2 36 theme single 194:199 arg1 glycoforms 201:210 single glycoforms 194:210 single glycoforms 194:210 Production of single glycoforms remains a challenge despite their value as therapeutics. 29247593 0 37 theme High 42:45 arg1 Yields 47:52 High Yields 42:52 High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies 42:83 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. 29247593 10 38 theme therapeutic 1520:1530 arg1 antibodies 1532:1541 therapeutic antibodies 1520:1541 therapeutic antibodies 1520:1541 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 6 39 from sialyltransferase 920:936 arg1 presence 945:952 the presence 941:952 the presence of CMP-NANA 941:964 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 4 40 theme Various 390:396 arg1 antibodies 398:407 Various antibodies 390:407 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) 390:435 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 11 41 theme functional 1731:1740 arg1 activity 1742:1749 high functional activity 1726:1749 high functional activity 1726:1749 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 29247593 6 42 theme Sialylated 767:776 arg1 antibodies 778:787 Sialylated antibodies 767:787 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) 767:794 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 6 42 theme Sialylated 767:776 arg1 % 793:793 >90% 790:793 >90% 790:793 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 6 43 theme involving 833:841 arg1 sialidase 850:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 9 44 theme previous 1359:1366 arg1 methods 1368:1374 previous methods 1359:1374 previous methods 1359:1374 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 0 45 theme Single 57:62 arg1 Antibodies 74:83 Single Glycoform Antibodies 57:83 Single Glycoform Antibodies 57:83 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. 29247593 6 46 theme 2,6 915:917 arg1 sialyltransferase 920:936 α(2,6) sialyltransferase 913:936 α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA 913:964 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 6 47 theme α 913:913 arg1 sialyltransferase 920:936 α(2,6) sialyltransferase 913:936 α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA 913:964 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 10 48 theme predefined 1548:1557 arg1 profiles 1573:1580 predefined glycosylation profiles 1548:1580 predefined glycosylation profiles 1548:1580 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 12 49 used used 1796:1799 arg2 method 1782:1787 the method 1778:1787 the method 1778:1787 With further optimization the method can be used to modify antibodies in large-scale manufacturing. 29247593 5 50 theme stage 628:632 arg1 process 643:649 a one stage reaction process 622:649 a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues 622:699 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 7 51 gly monosialylated 1065:1078 arg1 forms 1097:1101 monosialylated and disialylated forms 1065:1101 monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1065:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 11 52 theme antibody 1663:1670 arg1 glycans 1672:1678 antibody glycans 1663:1678 antibody glycans 1663:1678 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 29247593 7 53 theme quantities 1051:1060 arg1 antibody 1018:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody 991:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) 991:1035 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 53 theme quantities 1051:1060 arg1 % 986:986 >90% 983:986 >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 983:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 53 theme quantities 1051:1060 arg1 quantities 1051:1060 equimolar quantities 1041:1060 equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1041:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 53 theme quantities 1051:1060 arg1 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 9 54 theme enzymatic 1406:1414 arg1 steps 1416:1420 enzymatic steps 1406:1420 enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification 1406:1467 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 12 55 theme further 1757:1763 arg1 optimization 1765:1776 further optimization 1757:1776 further optimization 1757:1776 With further optimization the method can be used to modify antibodies in large-scale manufacturing. 29247593 8 56 theme Such 1169:1172 arg1 levels 1179:1184 Such high levels 1169:1184 Such high levels of sialylation 1169:1199 Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. 29247593 3 57 theme sequential 300:309 arg1 changes 327:333 sequential enzymatic-based changes 300:333 sequential enzymatic-based changes 300:333 The authors report a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column. 29247593 5 58 theme galactose 717:725 arg1 process 643:649 a one stage reaction process 622:649 a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues 622:699 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 58 theme galactose 717:725 arg1 addition 705:712 addition 705:712 addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal 705:764 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 8 59 theme cell 1241:1244 arg1 methods 1254:1260 typical cell culture methods 1233:1260 typical cell culture methods 1233:1260 Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. 29247593 5 60 theme sialic 680:685 arg1 residues 692:699 any sialic acid residues 676:699 any sialic acid residues 676:699 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 9 61 theme intermediate 1443:1454 arg1 purification 1456:1467 intermediate purification 1443:1467 intermediate purification 1443:1467 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 8 62 theme sialylation 1189:1199 arg1 levels 1179:1184 Such high levels 1169:1184 Such high levels of sialylation 1169:1199 Such high levels of sialylation are very difficult to obtain by typical cell culture methods. 29247593 4 63 theme Protein 453:459 arg1 A 461:461 Protein A 453:461 Protein A 453:461 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 7 64 theme disialylated 993:1004 arg1 antibody 1018:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody 991:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) 991:1035 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 64 theme disialylated 993:1004 arg1 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 5 65 theme >90 594:596 arg1 % 597:597 % 597:597 % 597:597 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 3 66 theme changes 327:333 arg1 method 290:295 a method 288:295 a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column 288:387 The authors report a method of sequential enzymatic-based changes to antibodies while immobilized on an affinity column. 29247593 7 67 gly disialylated 993:1004 arg1 antibody 1018:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody 991:1025 a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) 991:1035 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 7 67 gly disialylated 993:1004 arg1 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 EG2-hFc 1028:1034 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 0 68 theme Antibodies 74:83 arg1 Yields 47:52 High Yields 42:52 High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies 42:83 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. 29247593 1 69 theme glycoforms 168:177 arg1 Antibodies 86:95 Antibodies 86:95 Antibodies 86:95 Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. 29247593 1 69 theme glycoforms 168:177 arg1 mixtures 156:163 heterogeneous mixtures 142:163 heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms 142:177 Antibodies are synthesized in mammalian cell culture as heterogeneous mixtures of glycoforms. 29247593 9 70 theme transformation 1278:1291 arg1 method 1268:1273 This method 1263:1273 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column 1263:1342 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 4 71 theme sequential 506:515 arg1 addition 517:524 sequential addition 506:524 sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation 506:564 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 0 72 theme Enzymatic 12:20 arg1 Remodeling 22:31 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling 0:31 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling 0:31 Solid-Phase Enzymatic Remodeling Produces High Yields of Single Glycoform Antibodies. 29247593 11 73 theme desired 1692:1698 arg1 profile 1714:1720 the desired glycosylation profile 1688:1720 the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity 1688:1749 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 29247593 5 74 with addition 705:712 arg1 UDP-Gal 758:764 UDP-Gal 758:764 UDP-Gal 758:764 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 74 with addition 705:712 arg1 galactosyltransferase 732:752 galactosyltransferase 732:752 galactosyltransferase 732:752 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 74 with addition 705:712 arg1 sialidase 656:664 sialidase 656:664 sialidase 656:664 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 4 75 theme desired 543:549 arg1 transformation 551:564 a desired transformation 541:564 a desired transformation 541:564 Various antibodies (monoclonal and polyclonal) are isolated on Protein A or G columns and their glycans modified by sequential addition of enzymes for a desired transformation. 29247593 7 76 theme antibodies 1112:1121 arg1 forms 1097:1101 monosialylated and disialylated forms 1065:1101 monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) 1065:1153 By this method, >90% of a disialylated human-llama antibody (EG2-hFc) and equimolar quantities of monosialylated and disialylated forms of human antibodies (αIL8-hFc and human polyclonal) are produced. 29247593 9 77 theme solid-phase 1325:1335 arg1 column 1337:1342 a solid-phase column 1323:1342 a solid-phase column 1323:1342 This method of transformation while the antibody is held on a solid-phase column is superior to previous methods because it allows a series of enzymatic steps without the need for intermediate purification. 29247593 6 78 theme 2,3 845:847 arg1 sialidase 850:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 5 79 with process 643:649 arg1 UDP-Gal 758:764 UDP-Gal 758:764 UDP-Gal 758:764 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 79 with process 643:649 arg1 galactosyltransferase 732:752 galactosyltransferase 732:752 galactosyltransferase 732:752 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 5 79 with process 643:649 arg1 sialidase 656:664 sialidase 656:664 sialidase 656:664 Galactosylated antibodies (>90% yield) are produced by a one stage reaction process with sialidase to remove any sialic acid residues and addition of galactose with galactosyltransferase and UDP-Gal. 29247593 10 80 theme efficient 1481:1489 arg1 This 1470:1473 This 1470:1473 This 1470:1473 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 10 80 theme efficient 1481:1489 arg1 method 1501:1506 an efficient and rapid method 1478:1506 an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles 1478:1580 This is an efficient and rapid method to generate therapeutic antibodies with predefined glycosylation profiles. 29247593 11 81 theme high 1726:1729 arg1 activity 1742:1749 high functional activity 1726:1749 high functional activity 1726:1749 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 29247593 6 82 theme α 843:843 arg1 sialidase 850:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 12 83 theme large-scale 1825:1835 arg1 manufacturing 1837:1849 large-scale manufacturing 1825:1849 large-scale manufacturing 1825:1849 With further optimization the method can be used to modify antibodies in large-scale manufacturing. 29247593 6 84 theme conversion 822:831 arg1 sialidase 850:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase 812:858 Sialylated antibodies (>90%) are produced by a 2 stage conversion involving α(2,3) sialidase and galactosyltransferase followed by treatment with α(2,6) sialyltransferase in the presence of CMP-NANA. 29247593 11 85 theme structure-function 1628:1645 arg1 relationship 1647:1658 the structure-function relationship 1624:1658 the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans 1624:1678 This should also assist in investigating the structure-function relationship of antibody glycans to find the desired glycosylation profile for high functional activity. 26751696 9 0 theme Tam/Fktn 1912:1919 arg1 groups 1927:1932 Tam/Fktn study groups 1912:1932 Tam/Fktn study groups 1912:1932 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 2 1 theme complex 426:432 arg1 glycan 444:449 a complex O-mannose glycan 424:449 a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling 424:505 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 10 2 gly glycosylated 1990:2001 arg1 α-dystroglycan 2003:2016 functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan 1977:2016 functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan 1977:2016 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 1 3 theme dystrophin-glycoprotein 303:325 arg1 complex 327:333 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 299:333 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 299:333 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 26751696 6 4 theme type 1218:1221 arg1 specification 1223:1235 mature fiber type specification 1205:1235 mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1205:1259 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 2 5 theme muscle 465:470 arg1 integrity 483:491 muscle structural integrity 465:491 muscle structural integrity 465:491 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 5 6 theme heavy 951:955 arg1 chain 957:961 embryonic myosin heavy chain 934:961 embryonic myosin heavy chain 934:961 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 9 7 theme mature 1723:1728 arg1 specification 1741:1753 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 6 8 theme mature 1205:1210 arg1 specification 1223:1235 mature fiber type specification 1205:1235 mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1205:1259 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 1 9 theme matrix 234:239 arg1 proteins 241:248 extracellular matrix proteins 220:248 extracellular matrix proteins 220:248 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 26751696 9 10 theme type 1736:1739 arg1 specification 1741:1753 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 0 11 theme Dystrophy 141:149 arg1 Mice 151:154 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 2 12 theme dystroglycanopathy 349:366 arg1 dystrophy 377:385 secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy 339:385 secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy 339:385 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 4 13 from typing 764:769 arg1 muscle 818:823 young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 774:823 young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 774:823 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 9 14 theme post-injury 1755:1765 arg1 specification 1741:1753 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 5 15 with mice 829:832 arg1 disruption 844:853 Fktn disruption 839:853 Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO) 839:905 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 4 16 theme young 774:778 arg1 muscle 818:823 young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 774:823 young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 774:823 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 3 17 with dystrophy 583:591 arg1 muscle 607:612 skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects 598:654 muscle 607:612 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 3 17 with dystrophy 583:591 arg1 regeneration 635:646 regeneration 635:646 regeneration 635:646 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 5 18 theme embryonic 934:942 arg1 chain 957:961 embryonic myosin heavy chain 934:961 embryonic myosin heavy chain 934:961 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 8 19 from delay 1670:1674 arg1 programs 1710:1717 differentiation programs 1694:1717 differentiation programs 1694:1717 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 5 20 theme old 991:993 arg1 weeks 985:989 4 weeks old 983:993 4 weeks old 983:993 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 9 21 theme significant 1779:1789 arg1 interactions 1791:1802 significant interactions 1779:1802 significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers 1779:1870 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 1 22 theme Glycosylated 157:168 arg1 α-dystroglycan 170:183 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan 157:183 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan 157:183 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 26751696 7 23 theme fiber 1371:1375 arg1 types 1377:1381 muscle fiber types 1364:1381 muscle fiber types 1364:1381 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 5 24 dep fibers 1020:1025 arg1 nucleated 1038:1046 nucleated 1038:1046 nucleated 1038:1046 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 10 25 theme muscle 2039:2044 arg1 regeneration 2046:2057 muscle regeneration 2039:2057 muscle regeneration 2039:2057 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 0 26 theme Mature 63:68 arg1 Specification 81:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 10 27 theme type 2083:2086 arg1 specification 2088:2100 fiber type specification post-injury 2077:2112 fiber type specification post-injury 2077:2112 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 0 28 theme Type 76:79 arg1 Specification 81:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 5 29 theme age 1187:1189 arg1 weeks 1178:1182 4 weeks 1176:1182 4 weeks of age 1176:1189 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 1 30 theme essential 197:205 arg1 link 207:210 an essential link 194:210 an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton 194:293 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 26751696 5 31 theme degeneration/regeneration 1134:1158 arg1 activity 1160:1167 peak degeneration/regeneration activity 1129:1167 peak degeneration/regeneration activity 1129:1167 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 0 32 theme Dystroglycanopathy 113:130 arg1 Dystrophy 141:149 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy 98:149 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 0 33 theme Mild 43:46 arg1 Alterations 48:58 Mild Alterations 43:58 Mild Alterations 43:58 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 7 34 theme muscle 1364:1369 arg1 types 1377:1381 muscle fiber types 1364:1381 muscle fiber types 1364:1381 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 8 35 theme Tam/Fktn 1565:1572 arg1 KO 1574:1575 Tam/Fktn KO 1565:1575 Tam/Fktn KO 1565:1575 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 0 36 theme Fiber 70:74 arg1 Specification 81:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 3 37 theme dystroglycanopathy 523:540 arg1 mice 542:545 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice 508:545 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice 508:545 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 0 38 theme Abnormal 0:7 arg1 Regeneration 25:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 0:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 0:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 1 39 gly dystrophin-glycoprotein 303:325 arg1 dystrophin-glycoprotein 303:325 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 299:333 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 299:333 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 26751696 5 40 theme regenerated 1008:1018 arg1 fibers 1020:1025 total regenerated fibers 1002:1025 total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) 1002:1047 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 4 41 dep young 774:778 arg1 old 797:799 old 797:799 old 797:799 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 3 42 theme muscular 574:581 arg1 dystrophy 583:591 severe muscular dystrophy 567:591 severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects 567:654 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 0 43 theme Muscle 18:23 arg1 Regeneration 25:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 0:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 0:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 9 44 theme type 1937:1940 arg1 fibers 1945:1950 type 2b fibers 1937:1950 type 2b fibers 1937:1950 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 7 45 dep KO 1401:1402 arg1 specific 1421:1428 specific 1421:1428 specific 1421:1428 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 8 46 theme embryonic 1603:1611 arg1 expression 1632:1641 embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1603:1641 embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1603:1641 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 5 47 theme Myf5/Fktn 893:901 arg1 specification 878:890 skeletal muscle specification 862:890 skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO) 862:905 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 5 47 theme Myf5/Fktn 893:901 arg1 KO 903:904 Myf5/Fktn KO 893:904 Myf5/Fktn KO 893:904 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 5 48 theme anterior 1089:1096 arg1 tibialis 1080:1087 tibialis anterior 1080:1096 tibialis anterior (TA) 1080:1101 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 5 48 theme anterior 1089:1096 arg1 TA 1099:1100 TA 1099:1100 TA 1099:1100 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 7 49 theme toxin-induced 1316:1328 arg1 injury 1330:1335 necrotic toxin-induced injury 1307:1335 necrotic toxin-induced injury 1307:1335 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 8 50 theme heavy 1620:1624 arg1 chain 1626:1630 myosin heavy chain 1613:1630 embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1603:1641 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 10 51 theme post-injury 2102:2112 arg1 specification 2088:2100 fiber type specification post-injury 2077:2112 fiber type specification post-injury 2077:2112 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 8 52 theme expression 1632:1641 arg1 levels 1593:1598 higher levels 1586:1598 higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1586:1641 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 2 53 theme necessary 451:459 arg1 glycan 444:449 a complex O-mannose glycan 424:449 a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling 424:505 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 8 54 theme differentiation 1694:1708 arg1 programs 1710:1717 differentiation programs 1694:1717 differentiation programs 1694:1717 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 7 55 theme equivalent 1519:1528 arg1 time 1530:1533 equivalent time 1519:1533 equivalent time 1519:1533 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 2 56 theme O-mannose 434:442 arg1 glycan 444:449 a complex O-mannose glycan 424:449 a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling 424:505 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 6 57 from unchanged 1276:1284 arg1 contrast 1195:1202 contrast 1195:1202 contrast 1195:1202 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 9 58 theme study 1921:1925 arg1 groups 1927:1932 Tam/Fktn study groups 1912:1932 Tam/Fktn study groups 1912:1932 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 4 59 theme α-dystroglycan 703:716 arg1 role 682:685 the role 678:685 the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes 678:735 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 2 60 theme secondary 339:347 arg1 dystrophy 377:385 secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy 339:385 secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy 339:385 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 7 61 theme Tam/Fktn 1498:1505 arg1 KO 1507:1508 Tam/Fktn KO 1498:1508 Tam/Fktn KO 1498:1508 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 7 61 theme Tam/Fktn 1498:1505 arg1 knockout 1448:1455 knockout 1448:1455 knockout 1448:1455 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 7 62 theme tamoxifen 1470:1478 arg1 post-development 1480:1495 tamoxifen post-development 1470:1495 tamoxifen post-development 1470:1495 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 5 63 theme myosin 944:949 arg1 chain 957:961 embryonic myosin heavy chain 934:961 embryonic myosin heavy chain 934:961 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 6 64 theme fiber 1212:1216 arg1 specification 1223:1235 mature fiber type specification 1205:1235 mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1205:1259 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 9 65 theme 2b 1942:1943 arg1 fibers 1945:1950 type 2b fibers 1937:1950 type 2b fibers 1937:1950 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 5 66 theme skeletal 862:869 arg1 specification 878:890 skeletal muscle specification 862:890 skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO) 862:905 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 5 66 theme skeletal 862:869 arg1 KO 903:904 Myf5/Fktn KO 893:904 Myf5/Fktn KO 893:904 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 1 67 theme extracellular 220:232 arg1 proteins 241:248 extracellular matrix proteins 220:248 extracellular matrix proteins 220:248 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 26751696 9 68 theme fiber 1730:1734 arg1 specification 1741:1753 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 mature fiber type specification post-injury 1723:1765 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 10 69 theme glycosylated 1990:2001 arg1 α-dystroglycan 2003:2016 functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan 1977:2016 functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan 1977:2016 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 2 70 theme muscular 368:375 arg1 dystrophy 377:385 secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy 339:385 secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy 339:385 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 5 71 theme regenerated 914:924 arg1 fibers 926:931 newly regenerated fibers 908:931 newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) 908:971 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 9 72 from difference 1879:1888 arg1 fibers 1945:1950 type 2b fibers 1937:1950 type 2b fibers 1937:1950 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 4 73 theme fiber 758:762 arg1 typing 764:769 muscle fiber typing 751:769 muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 751:823 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 6 74 theme old 1257:1259 arg1 weeks 1251:1255 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1240:1259 weeks 1251:1255 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 10 75 theme unique 2024:2029 arg1 role 2031:2034 a unique role 2022:2034 a unique role 2022:2034 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 9 76 dep type 1846:1849 arg1 fibers 1865:1870 fibers 1865:1870 fibers 1865:1870 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 5 77 theme peak 1129:1132 arg1 activity 1160:1167 peak degeneration/regeneration activity 1129:1167 peak degeneration/regeneration activity 1129:1167 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 6 78 theme 8 1249:1249 arg1 weeks 1251:1255 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1240:1259 weeks 1251:1255 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 6 79 from weeks 1251:1255 arg1 specification 1223:1235 mature fiber type specification 1205:1235 mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1205:1259 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 4 80 gly glycosylated 690:701 arg1 α-dystroglycan 703:716 glycosylated α-dystroglycan 690:716 glycosylated α-dystroglycan 690:716 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 7 81 theme Myf5/Fktn 1391:1399 arg1 KO 1401:1402 Myf5/Fktn KO 1391:1402 Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) 1391:1429 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 10 82 contain has 2018:2020 arg2 role 2031:2034 a unique role 2022:2034 a unique role 2022:2034 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 10 82 contain has 2018:2020 arg1 α-dystroglycan 2003:2016 functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan 1977:2016 functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan 1977:2016 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 4 83 theme regenerated 806:816 arg1 muscle 818:823 young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 774:823 young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 774:823 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 5 84 theme Fktn 839:842 arg1 disruption 844:853 Fktn disruption 839:853 Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO) 839:905 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 0 85 from Regeneration 25:36 arg1 Specification 81:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Mature Fiber Type Specification 63:93 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 0 85 from Regeneration 25:36 arg1 Mice 151:154 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 6 86 theme 2 1240:1240 arg1 weeks 1251:1255 2, 4 and 8 weeks old 1240:1259 weeks 1251:1255 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 8 87 dep delay 1670:1674 arg1 a 1668:1668 a 1668:1668 a 1668:1668 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 9 88 theme toxin 1825:1829 arg1 parameters 1831:1840 toxin parameters 1825:1840 toxin parameters 1825:1840 In mature fiber type specification post-injury, there were significant interactions between genotype and toxin parameters for type 1, 2a, and 2x fibers, and a difference between Myf5/Fktn and Tam/Fktn study groups in type 2b fibers. 26751696 10 89 theme fiber 2077:2081 arg1 specification 2088:2100 fiber type specification post-injury 2077:2112 fiber type specification post-injury 2077:2112 These data suggest that functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan has a unique role in muscle regeneration and may influence fiber type specification post-injury. 26751696 0 90 theme Fktn-Deficient 98:111 arg1 Dystrophy 141:149 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy 98:149 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 7 91 dep days 1296:1299 arg1 injury 1330:1335 necrotic toxin-induced injury 1307:1335 necrotic toxin-induced injury 1307:1335 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 3 92 theme skeletal 598:605 arg1 muscle 607:612 skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects 598:654 muscle 607:612 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 0 93 theme Muscular 132:139 arg1 Dystrophy 141:149 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy 98:149 Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice 98:154 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 3 94 dep muscle 607:612 arg1 developmental 614:626 developmental 614:626 developmental 614:626 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 3 94 dep muscle 607:612 arg1 defects 648:654 defects 648:654 defects 648:654 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 8 95 from abnormality 1679:1689 arg1 programs 1710:1717 differentiation programs 1694:1717 differentiation programs 1694:1717 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 2 96 theme structural 472:481 arg1 integrity 483:491 muscle structural integrity 465:491 muscle structural integrity 465:491 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 0 97 theme Skeletal 9:16 arg1 Regeneration 25:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 0:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration 0:36 Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Regeneration plus Mild Alterations in Mature Fiber Type Specification in Fktn-Deficient Dystroglycanopathy Muscular Dystrophy Mice. 26751696 5 98 theme total 1002:1006 arg1 fibers 1020:1025 total regenerated fibers 1002:1025 total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) 1002:1047 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 8 99 theme higher 1586:1591 arg1 levels 1593:1598 higher levels 1586:1598 higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1586:1641 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 6 100 from contrast 1195:1202 arg1 unchanged 1276:1284 unchanged 1276:1284 unchanged 1276:1284 In contrast, mature fiber type specification at 2, 4 and 8 weeks old was relatively unchanged. 26751696 4 101 from role 682:685 arg1 processes 727:735 these processes 721:735 these processes 721:735 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 4 102 theme glycosylated 690:701 arg1 α-dystroglycan 703:716 glycosylated α-dystroglycan 690:716 glycosylated α-dystroglycan 690:716 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 5 103 theme muscle 871:876 arg1 specification 878:890 skeletal muscle specification 862:890 skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO) 862:905 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 5 103 theme muscle 871:876 arg1 KO 903:904 Myf5/Fktn KO 893:904 Myf5/Fktn KO 893:904 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 5 104 theme old 1073:1075 arg1 weeks 1067:1071 8 weeks old 1065:1075 8 weeks old 1065:1075 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 3 105 theme Fktn-deficient 508:521 arg1 mice 542:545 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice 508:545 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice 508:545 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 8 106 theme myosin 1613:1618 arg1 chain 1626:1630 myosin heavy chain 1613:1630 embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1603:1641 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 3 107 theme severe 567:572 arg1 dystrophy 583:591 severe muscular dystrophy 567:591 severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects 567:654 Fktn-deficient dystroglycanopathy mice develop moderate to severe muscular dystrophy with skeletal muscle developmental and/or regeneration defects. 26751696 7 108 theme necrotic 1307:1314 arg1 injury 1330:1335 necrotic toxin-induced injury 1307:1335 necrotic toxin-induced injury 1307:1335 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 8 109 theme chain 1626:1630 arg1 expression 1632:1641 embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1603:1641 embryonic myosin heavy chain expression 1603:1641 Notably, Tam/Fktn KO retained higher levels of embryonic myosin heavy chain expression after injury, suggesting a delay or abnormality in differentiation programs. 26751696 2 110 theme glycosylation 388:400 arg1 abnormalities 402:414 glycosylation abnormalities 388:414 glycosylation abnormalities 388:414 In secondary dystroglycanopathy muscular dystrophy, glycosylation abnormalities disrupt a complex O-mannose glycan necessary for muscle structural integrity and signaling. 26751696 7 111 theme gene 1541:1544 arg1 deletion 1546:1553 gene deletion 1541:1553 gene deletion 1541:1553 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 7 112 from divergence 1350:1359 arg1 types 1377:1381 muscle fiber types 1364:1381 muscle fiber types 1364:1381 Fourteen days after necrotic toxin-induced injury, there was a divergence in muscle fiber types between Myf5/Fktn KO (skeletal-muscle specific) and whole animal knockout induced with tamoxifen post-development (Tam/Fktn KO) despite equivalent time after gene deletion. 26751696 4 113 theme muscle 751:756 arg1 typing 764:769 muscle fiber typing 751:769 muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle 751:823 To gain insight into the role of glycosylated α-dystroglycan in these processes, we performed muscle fiber typing in young (2, 4 and 8 week old) and regenerated muscle. 26751696 5 114 dep fibers 926:931 arg1 positive 963:970 positive 963:970 positive 963:970 In mice with Fktn disruption during skeletal muscle specification (Myf5/Fktn KO), newly regenerated fibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain positive) peaked at 4 weeks old, while total regenerated fibers (centrally nucleated) were highest at 8 weeks old in tibialis anterior (TA) and iliopsoas, indicating peak degeneration/regeneration activity around 4 weeks of age. 26751696 1 115 theme cellular 273:280 arg1 cytoskeleton 282:293 the cellular cytoskeleton 269:293 the cellular cytoskeleton 269:293 Glycosylated α-dystroglycan provides an essential link between extracellular matrix proteins, like laminin, and the cellular cytoskeleton via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. 25460993 0 0 theme hemicellulosic 89:102 arg1 substrates 104:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 7 1 theme expansins 1150:1158 arg1 application 1135:1145 the wider application 1125:1145 the wider application of expansins on enhancing polysaccharide hydrolysis, particularly on hemicellulosic substrates 1125:1240 The work gives insights into the wider application of expansins on enhancing polysaccharide hydrolysis, particularly on hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 1 2 theme wall 177:180 arg1 structure 182:190 plant cell wall structure 166:190 plant cell wall structure 166:190 Expansins are non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure. 25460993 6 3 theme reducing 1038:1045 arg1 yield 1053:1057 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield 1020:1057 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield 1020:1057 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 0 4 from characteristics 8:22 arg1 substrates 104:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 4 5 theme acid-swollen 572:583 arg1 PASC 596:599 PASC 596:599 PASC 596:599 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 5 theme acid-swollen 572:583 arg1 cellulose 585:593 the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose 557:593 the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) 557:600 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 5 theme acid-swollen 572:583 arg1 arabinoxylan 626:637 then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan 603:637 then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 603:695 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 6 6 from pumilus 903:909 arg1 BpEX 884:887 BpEX 884:887 BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis 884:949 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 2 7 from action 241:246 arg1 polysaccharides 309:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 6 8 from CmEX 915:918 arg1 BpEX 884:887 BpEX 884:887 BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis 884:949 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 2 9 theme hemicellulosic 294:307 arg1 polysaccharides 309:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 4 10 theme microcrystalline 655:670 arg1 cellulose 672:680 the microcrystalline cellulose 651:680 the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 651:695 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 10 theme microcrystalline 655:670 arg1 PH101 690:694 Avicel PH101 683:694 Avicel PH101 683:694 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 2 11 from kinetics 216:223 arg1 polysaccharides 309:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 6 12 dep Clavibacter 925:935 arg1 michiganensis 937:949 Clavibacter michiganensis 925:949 Clavibacter michiganensis 925:949 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 5 13 theme varying 824:830 arg1 degrees 832:838 varying degrees 824:838 varying degrees 824:838 The expansins enhanced the action of Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees. 25460993 0 14 from effects 40:46 arg1 substrates 104:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 0 15 theme cellulosic 74:83 arg1 substrates 104:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 74:113 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 7 16 theme hemicellulosic 1216:1229 arg1 substrates 1231:1240 hemicellulosic substrates 1216:1240 hemicellulosic substrates 1216:1240 The work gives insights into the wider application of expansins on enhancing polysaccharide hydrolysis, particularly on hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 0 17 theme Binding 0:6 arg1 characteristics 8:22 Binding characteristics 0:22 Binding characteristics 0:22 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 6 18 dep substrates 851:860 arg1 the 847:849 the 847:849 the 847:849 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 0 19 theme bacterial 51:59 arg1 expansins 61:69 bacterial expansins 51:69 bacterial expansins 51:69 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 0 20 theme synergistic 28:38 arg1 effects 40:46 synergistic effects 28:46 synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 28:113 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 7 21 theme wider 1129:1133 arg1 application 1135:1145 the wider application 1125:1145 the wider application of expansins on enhancing polysaccharide hydrolysis, particularly on hemicellulosic substrates 1125:1240 The work gives insights into the wider application of expansins on enhancing polysaccharide hydrolysis, particularly on hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 4 22 theme phosphoric 561:570 arg1 PASC 596:599 PASC 596:599 PASC 596:599 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 22 theme phosphoric 561:570 arg1 cellulose 585:593 the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose 557:593 the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) 557:600 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 22 theme phosphoric 561:570 arg1 arabinoxylan 626:637 then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan 603:637 then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 603:695 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 23 theme efficiency 461:470 arg1 pattern 442:448 A common pattern 433:448 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) 433:480 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 24 theme hemicellulose 612:624 arg1 arabinoxylan 626:637 then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan 603:637 then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 603:695 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 24 theme hemicellulose 612:624 arg1 cellulose 585:593 the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose 557:593 the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) 557:600 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 25 theme binding 453:459 arg1 efficiency 461:470 binding efficiency 453:470 binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) 453:480 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 25 theme binding 453:459 arg1 Bmax/Kd 473:479 Bmax/Kd 473:479 Bmax/Kd 473:479 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 5 26 theme cellulase/hemicellulase 754:776 arg1 mixture 778:784 cellulase/hemicellulase mixture 754:784 Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees 735:838 The expansins enhanced the action of Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees. 25460993 6 27 theme greater 1030:1036 arg1 yield 1053:1057 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield 1020:1057 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield 1020:1057 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 7 28 theme polysaccharide 1173:1186 arg1 hydrolysis 1188:1197 polysaccharide hydrolysis 1173:1197 polysaccharide hydrolysis 1173:1197 The work gives insights into the wider application of expansins on enhancing polysaccharide hydrolysis, particularly on hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 5 29 theme reesei 747:752 arg1 action 725:730 the action 721:730 the action of Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees 721:838 The expansins enhanced the action of Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees. 25460993 0 30 theme expansins 61:69 arg1 characteristics 8:22 Binding characteristics 0:22 Binding characteristics 0:22 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 0 30 theme expansins 61:69 arg1 effects 40:46 synergistic effects 28:46 synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates 28:113 Binding characteristics and synergistic effects of bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. 25460993 6 31 theme enhancement 971:981 arg1 effect 983:988 the greatest enhancement effect 958:988 the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan 958:1004 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 1 32 theme non-catalytic 130:142 arg1 Expansins 116:124 Expansins 116:124 Expansins 116:124 Expansins are non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure. 25460993 1 32 theme non-catalytic 130:142 arg1 proteins 144:151 non-catalytic proteins 130:151 non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure 130:190 Expansins are non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure. 25460993 3 33 theme different 411:419 arg1 substrates 421:430 different substrates 411:430 different substrates 411:430 The expansins differed in binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) for different substrates. 25460993 6 34 theme greatest 962:969 arg1 effect 983:988 the greatest enhancement effect 958:988 the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan 958:1004 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 5 35 dep reesei 747:752 arg1 mixture 778:784 cellulase/hemicellulase mixture 754:784 Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees 735:838 The expansins enhanced the action of Trichoderma reesei cellulase/hemicellulase mixture for degrading all three substrates to varying degrees. 25460993 4 36 theme common 435:440 arg1 pattern 442:448 A common pattern 433:448 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) 433:480 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 2 37 theme synergistic 229:239 arg1 action 241:246 synergistic action 229:246 synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 229:323 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 6 38 from effect 983:988 arg1 arabinoxylan 993:1004 arabinoxylan 993:1004 arabinoxylan 993:1004 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 6 39 with reaction 1068:1075 arg1 enzyme 1082:1087 enzyme 1082:1087 enzyme 1082:1087 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 25460993 2 40 theme cellulosic 279:288 arg1 polysaccharides 309:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 279:323 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 2 41 theme binding 208:214 arg1 kinetics 216:223 binding kinetics 208:223 binding kinetics 208:223 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 4 42 theme Avicel 683:688 arg1 cellulose 672:680 the microcrystalline cellulose 651:680 the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 651:695 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 4 42 theme Avicel 683:688 arg1 PH101 690:694 Avicel PH101 683:694 Avicel PH101 683:694 A common pattern of binding efficiency (Bmax/Kd) was found among the expansins tested, in which efficiency was greatest for the phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), then the hemicellulose arabinoxylan followed by the microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101). 25460993 3 43 theme binding 365:371 arg1 Bmax 383:386 Bmax 383:386 Bmax 383:386 The expansins differed in binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) for different substrates. 25460993 3 43 theme binding 365:371 arg1 capacity 373:380 binding capacity 365:380 binding capacity (Bmax) 365:387 The expansins differed in binding capacity (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) for different substrates. 25460993 2 44 theme expansins 266:274 arg1 kinetics 216:223 binding kinetics 208:223 binding kinetics 208:223 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 2 44 theme expansins 266:274 arg1 action 241:246 synergistic action 229:246 synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 229:323 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 1 45 theme plant 166:170 arg1 structure 182:190 plant cell wall structure 166:190 plant cell wall structure 166:190 Expansins are non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure. 25460993 2 46 theme bacterial 256:264 arg1 expansins 266:274 five bacterial expansins 251:274 five bacterial expansins 251:274 In this study, binding kinetics and synergistic action of five bacterial expansins on cellulosic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides were studied. 25460993 1 47 theme cell 172:175 arg1 structure 182:190 plant cell wall structure 166:190 plant cell wall structure 166:190 Expansins are non-catalytic proteins which loosen plant cell wall structure. 25460993 6 48 theme sugar 1047:1051 arg1 yield 1053:1057 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield 1020:1057 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield 1020:1057 Among the substrates and expansins tested, BpEX from Bacillus pumilus and CmEX from Clavibacter michiganensis showed the greatest enhancement effect on arabinoxylan with 11.4 and 12.2-fold greater reducing sugar yield than the reaction with enzyme alone. 28502560 1 0 theme human 146:150 arg1 hTf 159:161 hTf 159:161 hTf 159:161 A microscale procedure for the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) is described in this study. 28502560 1 0 theme human 146:150 arg1 serum 152:156 human serum 146:156 human serum (hTf) 146:162 A microscale procedure for the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) is described in this study. 28502560 10 1 theme interaction 1236:1246 arg1 type 1228:1231 the ligand-receptor type 1208:1231 the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor 1208:1268 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 6 2 with Immunoblotting 560:573 arg1 antibodies 580:589 antibodies 580:589 antibodies against other major serum proteins 580:624 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 4 3 theme isolated 355:362 arg1 hTf 364:366 the isolated hTf 351:366 the isolated hTf 351:366 The yield of the isolated hTf is 58%, which is considerable in biochemical terms. 28502560 5 4 dep methods 480:486 arg1 electrophoresis 489:503 electrophoresis 489:503 electrophoresis followed by protein staining 489:532 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 5 4 dep methods 480:486 arg1 HPLC 554:557 HPLC 554:557 HPLC 554:557 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 5 4 dep methods 480:486 arg1 immunoblotting 535:548 immunoblotting 535:548 immunoblotting 535:548 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 5 4 dep methods 480:486 arg1 methods 480:486 three methods 474:486 three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC 474:557 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 9 5 theme saturation 1024:1033 arg1 decreases 1035:1043 saturation decreases 1024:1043 saturation decreases 1024:1043 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 9 6 theme Isolated 899:906 arg1 hTf 908:910 Isolated hTf 899:910 Isolated hTf 899:910 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 5 7 theme protein 517:523 arg1 staining 525:532 protein staining 517:532 protein staining 517:532 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 8 8 theme emission 813:820 arg1 spectroscopy 822:833 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy 801:833 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf 801:853 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf has shown no changes in tertiary structure. 28502560 3 9 theme 250μL 331:335 arg1 volume 321:326 the initial sample volume 302:326 the initial sample volume of 250μL 302:335 It lasts 90min with the initial sample volume of 250μL. 28502560 9 10 dep % 932:932 arg1 degree 1014:1019 a degree 1012:1019 a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure 1012:1085 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 11 11 theme hTf 1407:1409 arg1 isolate 1411:1417 high-purity hTf isolate 1395:1417 high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties 1395:1469 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 8 12 theme isolated 842:849 arg1 hTf 851:853 the isolated hTf 838:853 the isolated hTf 838:853 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf has shown no changes in tertiary structure. 28502560 3 13 theme sample 314:319 arg1 volume 321:326 the initial sample volume 302:326 the initial sample volume of 250μL 302:335 It lasts 90min with the initial sample volume of 250μL. 28502560 4 14 theme hTf 364:366 arg1 yield 342:346 The yield 338:346 The yield of the isolated hTf 338:366 The yield of the isolated hTf is 58%, which is considerable in biochemical terms. 28502560 4 14 theme hTf 364:366 arg1 % 373:373 58% 371:373 58% 371:373 The yield of the isolated hTf is 58%, which is considerable in biochemical terms. 28502560 6 15 theme isolated 641:648 arg1 hTf 650:652 isolated hTf 641:652 isolated hTf 641:652 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 11 16 theme sample 1366:1371 arg1 handling 1373:1380 multiple sample handling 1357:1380 multiple sample handling 1357:1380 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 10 17 theme isolated 1147:1154 arg1 hTf 1156:1158 isolated hTf 1147:1158 isolated hTf 1147:1158 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 5 18 theme isolated 438:445 arg1 hTf 447:449 the isolated hTf 434:449 the isolated hTf 434:449 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 11 19 theme multiple 1357:1364 arg1 handling 1373:1380 multiple sample handling 1357:1380 multiple sample handling 1357:1380 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 0 20 theme microscale 2:11 arg1 protocol 13:20 A microscale protocol 0:20 A microscale protocol for the isolation of transferrin 0:53 A microscale protocol for the isolation of transferrin directly from serum. 28502560 9 21 with saturated 934:942 arg1 ion 954:956 iron ion 949:956 iron ion 949:956 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 5 22 theme hTf 447:449 arg1 % 456:456 97% 454:456 97% 454:456 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 5 22 theme hTf 447:449 arg1 purity 424:429 The purity 420:429 The purity of the isolated hTf 420:449 The purity of the isolated hTf is 97%, as assessed by three methods: electrophoresis followed by protein staining, immunoblotting and HPLC. 28502560 7 23 theme isolated 757:764 arg1 hTf 766:768 isolated hTf 757:768 isolated hTf 757:768 Lectin dot-blot demonstrated that isolated hTf preserved its glycan moieties. 28502560 4 24 from terms 413:417 arg1 considerable 385:396 considerable 385:396 considerable 385:396 The yield of the isolated hTf is 58%, which is considerable in biochemical terms. 28502560 1 25 theme microscale 78:87 arg1 procedure 89:97 A microscale procedure 76:97 A microscale procedure for the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) 76:162 A microscale procedure for the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) is described in this study. 28502560 7 26 theme glycan 784:789 arg1 moieties 791:798 its glycan moieties 780:798 its glycan moieties 780:798 Lectin dot-blot demonstrated that isolated hTf preserved its glycan moieties. 28502560 9 27 theme saturated 934:942 arg1 % 932:932 approximately 26% 916:932 approximately 26% 916:932 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 6 28 theme serum 611:615 arg1 proteins 617:624 other major serum proteins 599:624 other major serum proteins 599:624 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 11 29 theme preserved 1424:1432 arg1 properties 1460:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 2 30 theme chromatography 266:279 arg1 application 251:261 application 251:261 application of chromatography 251:279 The protocol is based on three precipitation steps without application of chromatography. 28502560 6 31 theme major 605:609 arg1 proteins 617:624 other major serum proteins 599:624 other major serum proteins 599:624 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 11 32 theme structural 1434:1443 arg1 properties 1460:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 9 33 theme iron 949:952 arg1 ion 954:956 iron ion 949:956 iron ion 949:956 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 4 34 from considerable 385:396 arg1 terms 413:417 biochemical terms 401:417 biochemical terms 401:417 The yield of the isolated hTf is 58%, which is considerable in biochemical terms. 28502560 6 35 theme other 599:603 arg1 proteins 617:624 other major serum proteins 599:624 other major serum proteins 599:624 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 9 36 theme decreases 1035:1043 arg1 degree 1014:1019 a degree 1012:1019 a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure 1012:1085 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 7 37 theme Lectin 723:728 arg1 dot-blot 730:737 Lectin dot-blot 723:737 Lectin dot-blot 723:737 Lectin dot-blot demonstrated that isolated hTf preserved its glycan moieties. 28502560 10 38 theme ligand 1173:1178 arg1 characteristics 1180:1194 its ligand characteristics 1169:1194 its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor 1169:1268 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 4 39 theme biochemical 401:411 arg1 terms 413:417 biochemical terms 401:417 biochemical terms 401:417 The yield of the isolated hTf is 58%, which is considerable in biochemical terms. 28502560 8 40 theme tertiary 879:886 arg1 structure 888:896 tertiary structure 879:896 tertiary structure 879:896 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf has shown no changes in tertiary structure. 28502560 10 41 theme hTf 1257:1259 arg1 receptor 1261:1268 the hTf receptor 1253:1268 the hTf receptor 1253:1268 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 6 42 contain contain 663:669 arg2 alpha-2-macroglobulin 700:720 alpha-2-macroglobulin 700:720 alpha-2-macroglobulin 700:720 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 6 42 contain contain 663:669 arg2 G 695:695 immunoglobulin G 680:695 immunoglobulin G 680:695 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 6 42 contain contain 663:669 arg2 albumin 671:677 albumin 671:677 albumin 671:677 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 6 42 contain contain 663:669 arg1 hTf 650:652 isolated hTf 641:652 isolated hTf 641:652 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 10 43 theme co-immunoprecipitation 1098:1119 arg1 experiment 1121:1130 co-immunoprecipitation experiment 1098:1130 co-immunoprecipitation experiment 1098:1130 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 3 44 theme initial 306:312 arg1 volume 321:326 the initial sample volume 302:326 the initial sample volume of 250μL 302:335 It lasts 90min with the initial sample volume of 250μL. 28502560 10 45 theme crucial 1196:1202 arg1 characteristics 1180:1194 its ligand characteristics 1169:1194 its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor 1169:1268 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 11 46 theme high-purity 1395:1405 arg1 isolate 1411:1417 high-purity hTf isolate 1395:1417 high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties 1395:1469 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 6 47 theme immunoglobulin 680:693 arg1 G 695:695 immunoglobulin G 680:695 immunoglobulin G 680:695 Immunoblotting with antibodies against other major serum proteins indicated that isolated hTf does not contain albumin, immunoglobulin G or alpha-2-macroglobulin. 28502560 10 48 theme ligand-receptor 1212:1226 arg1 type 1228:1231 the ligand-receptor type 1208:1231 the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor 1208:1268 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 8 49 from changes 868:874 arg1 structure 888:896 tertiary structure 879:896 tertiary structure 879:896 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf has shown no changes in tertiary structure. 28502560 2 50 theme precipitation 223:235 arg1 steps 237:241 three precipitation steps 217:241 three precipitation steps without application of chromatography 217:279 The protocol is based on three precipitation steps without application of chromatography. 28502560 1 51 from serum 152:156 arg1 isolation 107:115 the isolation 103:115 the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) 103:162 A microscale procedure for the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) is described in this study. 28502560 10 52 with interaction 1236:1246 arg1 receptor 1261:1268 the hTf receptor 1253:1268 the hTf receptor 1253:1268 Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiment confirmed that isolated hTf retained its ligand characteristics crucial for the ligand-receptor type of interaction with the hTf receptor. 28502560 9 53 theme isolation 1067:1075 arg1 procedure 1077:1085 isolation procedure 1067:1085 isolation procedure 1067:1085 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 1 54 theme transferrin 120:130 arg1 isolation 107:115 the isolation 103:115 the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) 103:162 A microscale procedure for the isolation of transferrin directly from human serum (hTf) is described in this study. 28502560 11 55 theme functional 1449:1458 arg1 properties 1460:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 8 56 theme hTf 851:853 arg1 spectroscopy 822:833 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy 801:833 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf 801:853 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf has shown no changes in tertiary structure. 28502560 11 57 with isolate 1411:1417 arg1 properties 1460:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 preserved structural and functional properties 1424:1469 To conclude, the procedure described in this work, is time and cost-effective, allows multiple sample handling and provides high-purity hTf isolate with preserved structural and functional properties. 28502560 9 58 theme physiological 982:994 arg1 value 996:1000 physiological value 982:1000 physiological value 982:1000 Isolated hTf was approximately 26% saturated with iron ion, which is comparable to physiological value (although a degree of saturation decreases to some extent during isolation procedure). 28502560 0 59 theme transferrin 43:53 arg1 isolation 30:38 the isolation 26:38 the isolation of transferrin 26:53 A microscale protocol for the isolation of transferrin directly from serum. 28502560 8 60 theme Fluorescent 801:811 arg1 spectroscopy 822:833 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy 801:833 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf 801:853 Fluorescent emission spectroscopy of the isolated hTf has shown no changes in tertiary structure. 24528748 0 0 theme blazei 87:92 arg1 Murrill 94:100 Agaricus blazei Murrill 78:100 Agaricus blazei Murrill 78:100 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill. 24528748 4 1 theme ABTS 820:823 arg1 scavenging 833:842 ABTS radical scavenging 820:842 ABTS radical scavenging 820:842 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 1 2 theme vacuum 228:233 arg1 drying 235:240 vacuum drying 228:240 vacuum drying 228:240 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 0 3 theme Agaricus 78:85 arg1 Murrill 94:100 Agaricus blazei Murrill 78:100 Agaricus blazei Murrill 78:100 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill. 24528748 0 4 from effects 7:13 arg1 properties 34:43 the antioxidant properties 18:43 the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides 18:62 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill. 24528748 3 5 contain have 531:534 arg2 properties 578:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 Results showed that the three ABMPs have different physicochemical and antioxidant properties. 24528748 3 5 contain have 531:534 arg1 ABMPs 525:529 the three ABMPs 515:529 the three ABMPs 515:529 Results showed that the three ABMPs have different physicochemical and antioxidant properties. 24528748 2 6 theme -chelating 475:484 arg1 ability 486:492 Fe(2+)-chelating ability 469:492 Fe(2+)-chelating ability 469:492 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 4 7 theme scavenging 833:842 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 7 theme scavenging 833:842 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 7 theme scavenging 833:842 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 7 theme scavenging 833:842 arg1 yield 722:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 5 8 theme blazei 888:893 arg1 polysaccharides 903:917 Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides 879:917 Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides 879:917 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 4 9 theme drying 626:631 arg1 methods 633:639 vacuum drying methods 619:639 vacuum drying methods 619:639 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 5 10 theme polysaccharides 1020:1034 arg1 preparation 1000:1010 the preparation 996:1010 the preparation of such polysaccharides 996:1034 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 4 11 theme radical 825:831 arg1 scavenging 833:842 ABTS radical scavenging 820:842 ABTS radical scavenging 820:842 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 5 12 theme Murrill 895:901 arg1 polysaccharides 903:917 Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides 879:917 Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides 879:917 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 1 13 theme air 246:248 arg1 drying 250:255 air drying 246:255 air drying 246:255 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 4 14 theme acid 736:739 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 2 15 theme assay 376:380 arg1 basis 367:371 the basis 363:371 the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability 363:492 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 5 16 used used 1050:1053 arg2 method 961:966 freeze drying method 947:966 freeze drying method 947:966 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 5 16 used used 1050:1053 arg2 choice 985:990 a good choice 978:990 a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides 978:1034 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 4 17 theme radical 797:803 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 17 theme radical 797:803 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 17 theme radical 797:803 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 17 theme radical 797:803 arg1 yield 722:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 18 with ABMP 675:678 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 18 with ABMP 675:678 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 18 with ABMP 675:678 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 18 with ABMP 675:678 arg1 yield 722:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 19 theme uronic 729:734 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 20 theme vacuum 619:624 arg1 methods 633:639 vacuum drying methods 619:639 vacuum drying methods 619:639 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 2 21 theme ABTS 418:421 arg1 radical 428:434 ABTS free radical 418:434 ABTS free radical scavenging ability 418:453 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 4 22 theme radical 811:817 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 22 theme radical 811:817 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 22 theme radical 811:817 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 22 theme radical 811:817 arg1 yield 722:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 1 23 theme Agaricus 169:176 arg1 Murrill 185:191 Agaricus blazei Murrill 169:191 Agaricus blazei Murrill 169:191 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 0 24 theme Drying 0:5 arg1 effects 7:13 Drying effects 0:13 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides 0:62 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill. 24528748 4 25 theme DPPH 806:809 arg1 radical 811:817 DPPH radical 806:817 DPPH radical 806:817 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 26 theme neutral 692:698 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 1 27 theme blazei 178:183 arg1 Murrill 185:191 Agaricus blazei Murrill 169:191 Agaricus blazei Murrill 169:191 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 4 28 theme stronger 754:761 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 29 theme -chelating 854:863 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 29 theme -chelating 854:863 arg1 content 741:747 uronic acid content 729:747 uronic acid content 729:747 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 29 theme -chelating 854:863 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 29 theme -chelating 854:863 arg1 yield 722:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 2 30 theme chemical 278:285 arg1 compositions 287:298 Their chemical compositions 272:298 Their chemical compositions 272:298 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 5 31 theme drying 954:959 arg1 choice 985:990 a good choice 978:990 a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides 978:1034 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 5 31 theme drying 954:959 arg1 method 961:966 freeze drying method 947:966 freeze drying method 947:966 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 4 32 theme air 604:606 arg1 drying 608:613 air drying 604:613 air drying 604:613 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 2 33 theme DPPH 404:407 arg1 radical 409:415 DPPH radical 404:415 DPPH radical 404:415 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 5 34 theme Agaricus 879:886 arg1 polysaccharides 903:917 Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides 879:917 Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides 879:917 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 3 35 theme physicochemical 546:560 arg1 properties 578:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 Results showed that the three ABMPs have different physicochemical and antioxidant properties. 24528748 2 36 theme hydroxyl 386:393 arg1 radical 395:401 hydroxyl radical 386:401 hydroxyl radical 386:401 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 0 37 theme antioxidant 22:32 arg1 properties 34:43 the antioxidant properties 18:43 the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides 18:62 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill. 24528748 2 38 theme scavenging 436:445 arg1 ability 447:453 ABTS free radical scavenging ability 418:453 ABTS free radical scavenging ability 418:453 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 4 39 theme antioxidant 763:773 arg1 abilities 775:783 stronger antioxidant abilities 754:783 stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating 754:863 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 0 40 theme polysaccharides 48:62 arg1 properties 34:43 the antioxidant properties 18:43 the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides 18:62 Drying effects on the antioxidant properties of polysaccharides obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill. 24528748 5 41 theme food 1083:1086 arg1 industry 1088:1095 food industry 1083:1095 food industry 1083:1095 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 5 42 theme such 1015:1018 arg1 polysaccharides 1020:1034 such polysaccharides 1015:1034 such polysaccharides 1015:1034 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 4 43 theme hydroxyl 788:795 arg1 radical 797:803 hydroxyl radical 788:803 hydroxyl radical 788:803 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 2 44 theme antioxidant 319:329 arg1 activities 331:340 antioxidant activities 319:340 antioxidant activities 319:340 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 2 45 theme free 423:426 arg1 radical 428:434 ABTS free radical 418:434 ABTS free radical scavenging ability 418:453 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 3 46 theme different 536:544 arg1 properties 578:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 Results showed that the three ABMPs have different physicochemical and antioxidant properties. 24528748 5 47 theme good 980:983 arg1 choice 985:990 a good choice 978:990 a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides 978:1034 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 5 47 theme good 980:983 arg1 method 961:966 freeze drying method 947:966 freeze drying method 947:966 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 4 48 theme higher 685:690 arg1 sugar 700:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 higher neutral sugar 685:704 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 49 theme polysaccharide 707:720 arg1 yield 722:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 polysaccharide yield 707:726 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 4 50 theme freeze 642:647 arg1 method 656:661 freeze drying method 642:661 freeze drying method 642:661 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 1 51 theme freeze 213:218 arg1 drying 220:225 freeze drying 213:225 freeze drying 213:225 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 3 52 theme antioxidant 566:576 arg1 properties 578:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 different physicochemical and antioxidant properties 536:587 Results showed that the three ABMPs have different physicochemical and antioxidant properties. 24528748 4 53 theme drying 649:654 arg1 method 656:661 freeze drying method 642:661 freeze drying method 642:661 Compared with air drying and vacuum drying methods, freeze drying method resulted to ABMP with higher neutral sugar, polysaccharide yield, uronic acid content, and stronger antioxidant abilities of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS radical scavenging and Fe(2+)-chelating. 24528748 2 54 theme radical 428:434 arg1 ability 447:453 ABTS free radical scavenging ability 418:453 ABTS free radical scavenging ability 418:453 Their chemical compositions were examined, and antioxidant activities were investigated on the basis of assay for hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical, ABTS free radical scavenging ability and assay for Fe(2+)-chelating ability. 24528748 5 55 theme freeze 947:952 arg1 choice 985:990 a good choice 978:990 a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides 978:1034 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 5 55 theme freeze 947:952 arg1 method 961:966 freeze drying method 947:966 freeze drying method 947:966 As a result, Agaricus blazei Murrill polysaccharides are natural antioxidant and freeze drying method serves as a good choice for the preparation of such polysaccharides and should be used to produce antioxidants for food industry. 24528748 1 56 dep polysaccharides 109:123 arg1 ABMP-A 142:147 ABMP-A 142:147 ABMP-A 142:147 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 1 56 dep polysaccharides 109:123 arg1 ABMP-V 134:139 ABMP-V 134:139 ABMP-V 134:139 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 24528748 1 56 dep polysaccharides 109:123 arg1 ABMP-F 126:131 ABMP-F 126:131 ABMP-F 126:131 Three polysaccharides (ABMP-F, ABMP-V, ABMP-A) were obtained from Agaricus blazei Murrill via methods such as freeze drying, vacuum drying and air drying, respectively. 29399163 4 0 theme complex 709:715 arg1 types 717:721 the complex types 705:721 the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%) 705:762 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 3 1 theme complex 496:502 arg1 glycans 513:519 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans 475:519 glycans 513:519 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans were detected. 29399163 4 2 dep structure 589:597 arg1 % 665:665 control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66% 629:665 % 665:665 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 4 2 dep structure 589:597 arg1 whereas 669:675 whereas 669:675 whereas 669:675 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 4 2 dep structure 589:597 arg1 control 629:635 control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66% 629:665 control 629:635 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 7 3 theme glycan 1005:1010 arg1 structures 1012:1021 These three glycan structures 993:1021 These three glycan structures 993:1021 These three glycan structures may therefore be associated with tumor progression in CCA and may be useful for its diagnosis. 29399163 3 4 theme N-linked 504:511 arg1 glycans 513:519 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans 475:519 glycans 513:519 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans were detected. 29399163 2 5 used used 298:301 arg2 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 5 used used 298:301 arg2 spectrometry 271:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry 229:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) 229:292 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 6 with patients 414:421 arg1 CCA 428:430 CCA 428:430 CCA compared with healthy controls 428:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 4 7 dep types 717:721 arg1 61.17±2.55 732:741 control 61.17±2.55 724:741 control 61.17±2.55 724:741 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 4 7 dep types 717:721 arg1 % 761:761 CCA 64.68±4.23% 747:761 CCA 64.68±4.23% 747:761 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 4 8 theme high-mannose 609:620 arg1 types 622:626 the high-mannose types 605:626 the high-mannose types 605:626 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 4 9 theme CCA 652:654 arg1 % 665:665 control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66% 629:665 % 665:665 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 1 10 theme cancer 185:190 arg1 cholangiocarcinoma 203:220 cholangiocarcinoma 203:220 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) 203:226 Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 29399163 1 10 theme cancer 185:190 arg1 types 176:180 various types 168:180 various types 168:180 Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 29399163 2 11 link N-linked 381:388 arg1 glycans 390:396 the N-linked glycans 377:396 the N-linked glycans 377:396 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 5 12 theme different 785:793 arg1 N-glycans 795:803 3 different N-glycans 783:803 3 different N-glycans 783:803 The expression of 3 different N-glycans differed significantly between the CCA cases and controls. 29399163 2 13 theme healthy 446:452 arg1 controls 454:461 healthy controls 446:461 healthy controls 446:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 4 14 theme abundant 580:587 arg1 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 536:565 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 536:565 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 536:565 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 4 14 theme abundant 580:587 arg1 structure 589:597 the most abundant structure 571:597 the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types 571:626 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 2 15 from glycomics 364:372 arg1 serum 405:409 the serum 401:409 the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls 401:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 0 16 theme Increased 0:8 arg1 expression 10:19 Increased expression 0:19 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 0:44 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F tri-antennary N-glycans in cholangiocarcinoma. 29399163 2 17 theme glycans 390:396 arg1 glycomics 364:372 the comparative structural glycomics 337:372 the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls 337:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 5 18 theme CCA 840:842 arg1 cases 844:848 the CCA cases 836:848 the CCA cases 836:848 The expression of 3 different N-glycans differed significantly between the CCA cases and controls. 29399163 2 19 theme present 310:316 arg1 study 318:322 the present study 306:322 the present study 306:322 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 3 20 link N-linked 504:511 arg1 glycans 513:519 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans 475:519 glycans 513:519 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans were detected. 29399163 1 21 theme protein 124:130 arg1 glycosylation 132:144 protein glycosylation 124:144 protein glycosylation 124:144 Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 29399163 3 22 theme glycans 513:519 arg1 total 466:470 A total 464:470 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans 464:519 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans were detected. 29399163 0 23 theme M6N2 41:44 arg1 expression 10:19 Increased expression 0:19 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 0:44 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F tri-antennary N-glycans in cholangiocarcinoma. 29399163 0 23 theme M6N2 41:44 arg1 NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F 50:64 NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F 50:64 NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F 50:64 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F tri-antennary N-glycans in cholangiocarcinoma. 29399163 4 24 theme control 724:730 arg1 61.17±2.55 732:741 control 61.17±2.55 724:741 control 61.17±2.55 724:741 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 7 25 from progression 1062:1072 arg1 CCA 1077:1079 CCA 1077:1079 CCA 1077:1079 These three glycan structures may therefore be associated with tumor progression in CCA and may be useful for its diagnosis. 29399163 2 26 theme trap 261:264 arg1 spectrometry 271:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry 229:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) 229:292 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 26 theme trap 261:264 arg1 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 27 theme patients 414:421 arg1 serum 405:409 the serum 401:409 the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls 401:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 0 28 theme high-mannose 28:39 arg1 M6N2 41:44 the high-mannose M6N2 24:44 the high-mannose M6N2 24:44 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F tri-antennary N-glycans in cholangiocarcinoma. 29399163 5 29 theme N-glycans 795:803 arg1 expression 769:778 The expression 765:778 The expression of 3 different N-glycans 765:803 The expression of 3 different N-glycans differed significantly between the CCA cases and controls. 29399163 0 30 from N-glycans 80:88 arg1 cholangiocarcinoma 93:110 cholangiocarcinoma 93:110 cholangiocarcinoma 93:110 Increased expression of the high-mannose M6N2 and NeuAc3H3N3M3N2F tri-antennary N-glycans in cholangiocarcinoma. 29399163 2 31 theme ion 257:259 arg1 spectrometry 271:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry 229:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) 229:292 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 31 theme ion 257:259 arg1 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 32 theme ionization-linear 239:255 arg1 spectrometry 271:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry 229:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) 229:292 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 32 theme ionization-linear 239:255 arg1 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 33 theme structural 353:362 arg1 glycomics 364:372 the comparative structural glycomics 337:372 the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls 337:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 34 theme Nanospray 229:237 arg1 spectrometry 271:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry 229:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) 229:292 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 34 theme Nanospray 229:237 arg1 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 35 theme comparative 341:351 arg1 glycomics 364:372 the comparative structural glycomics 337:372 the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls 337:461 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 7 36 theme tumor 1056:1060 arg1 progression 1062:1072 tumor progression 1056:1072 tumor progression in CCA 1056:1079 These three glycan structures may therefore be associated with tumor progression in CCA and may be useful for its diagnosis. 29399163 4 37 theme CCA 747:749 arg1 % 761:761 CCA 64.68±4.23% 747:761 CCA 64.68±4.23% 747:761 Mannose7-N-acetyl-glucosamine2 was the most abundant structure among the high-mannose types (control 12.12±2.54 vs. CCA 9.27±2.66%), whereas NeuAc2H2N2M3N2 predominated the complex types (control 61.17±2.55 vs. CCA 64.68±4.23%). 29399163 3 38 theme high-mannose 477:488 arg1 total 466:470 A total 464:470 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans 464:519 A total of 5 high-mannose and 4 complex N-linked glycans were detected. 29399163 2 39 theme N-linked 381:388 arg1 glycans 390:396 the N-linked glycans 377:396 the N-linked glycans 377:396 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 1 40 from Changes 113:119 arg1 glycosylation 132:144 protein glycosylation 124:144 protein glycosylation 124:144 Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 29399163 2 41 theme mass 266:269 arg1 spectrometry 271:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry 229:282 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) 229:292 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 2 41 theme mass 266:269 arg1 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 NSI-MS 285:290 Nanospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (NSI-MS ) was used in the present study to determine the comparative structural glycomics of the N-linked glycans in the serum of patients with CCA compared with healthy controls. 29399163 1 42 theme various 168:174 arg1 cholangiocarcinoma 203:220 cholangiocarcinoma 203:220 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) 203:226 Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 29399163 1 42 theme various 168:174 arg1 types 176:180 various types 168:180 various types 168:180 Changes in protein glycosylation have been reported in various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). 28490102 4 0 from changes 624:630 arg1 composition 690:700 polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition 635:700 composition 690:700 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 0 from changes 624:630 arg1 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 0 from changes 624:630 arg1 PS 651:652 PS 651:652 PS 651:652 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 0 from changes 624:630 arg1 concentration 706:718 concentration 706:718 concentration 706:718 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 0 from changes 624:630 arg1 polysaccharide 635:648 polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition 635:700 polysaccharide 635:648 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 1 1 from step 179:182 arg1 production 191:200 the production 187:200 the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities 187:279 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 1 2 theme grape 243:247 arg1 juices 249:254 the grape juices 239:254 the grape juices with different qualities 239:279 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 5 3 theme pressing 776:783 arg1 cycle 785:789 the pressing cycle 772:789 the pressing cycle 772:789 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 2 4 theme industrial 348:357 arg1 scales 374:379 industrial and laboratory scales 348:379 industrial and laboratory scales 348:379 Grape juice fractions were collected during the pressing cycle at industrial and laboratory scales. 28490102 0 5 theme meunier 100:106 arg1 compositions 78:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 0 5 theme meunier 100:106 arg1 polysaccharide 43:56 polysaccharide 43:56 polysaccharide 43:56 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 compositions 78:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 polysaccharide 43:56 polysaccharide 43:56 polysaccharide 43:56 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 2 7 theme juice 288:292 arg1 fractions 294:302 Grape juice fractions 282:302 Grape juice fractions 282:302 Grape juice fractions were collected during the pressing cycle at industrial and laboratory scales. 28490102 4 8 theme cycle 747:751 arg1 changes 624:630 Significant changes 612:630 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration 612:718 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 8 theme cycle 747:751 arg1 progressed 753:762 the pressing cycle progressed 734:762 the pressing cycle progressed 734:762 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 7 9 from rich 1014:1017 arg1 galactose 1036:1044 galactose 1036:1044 galactose 1036:1044 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 7 9 from rich 1014:1017 arg1 % 1052:1052 39-54% 1047:1052 39-54% 1047:1052 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 7 9 from rich 1014:1017 arg1 arabinose 1022:1030 arabinose 1022:1030 arabinose 1022:1030 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 7 9 from rich 1014:1017 arg1 % 1079:1079 38-55% 1074:1079 38-55% 1074:1079 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 7 9 from rich 1014:1017 arg1 mannoproteins 1059:1071 mannoproteins 1059:1071 mannoproteins (38-55%) 1059:1080 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 4 10 theme pressing 738:745 arg1 changes 624:630 Significant changes 612:630 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration 612:718 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 10 theme pressing 738:745 arg1 progressed 753:762 the pressing cycle progressed 734:762 the pressing cycle progressed 734:762 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 5 11 dep 136mg/L 879:885 arg1 to 876:877 to 876:877 to 876:877 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 2 12 theme Grape 282:286 arg1 fractions 294:302 Grape juice fractions 282:302 Grape juice fractions 282:302 Grape juice fractions were collected during the pressing cycle at industrial and laboratory scales. 28490102 1 13 theme different 261:269 arg1 qualities 271:279 different qualities 261:279 different qualities 261:279 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 0 14 theme Chardonnay 112:121 arg1 compositions 78:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 0 14 theme Chardonnay 112:121 arg1 polysaccharide 43:56 polysaccharide 43:56 polysaccharide 43:56 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 3 15 from beginning 531:539 arg1 differences 510:520 strong differences 503:520 strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters 503:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 0 16 dep meunier 100:106 arg1 wines 138:142 Champagne base wines 123:142 Champagne base wines 123:142 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 1 17 theme important 169:177 arg1 fractioning 151:161 Press fractioning 145:161 Press fractioning 145:161 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 1 17 theme important 169:177 arg1 step 179:182 an important step 166:182 an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities 166:279 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 5 18 theme total 796:800 arg1 concentration 805:817 the total PS concentration 792:817 the total PS concentration 792:817 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 3 19 theme Champagne 415:423 arg1 wines 430:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines 382:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice 382:467 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 4 20 theme Significant 612:622 arg1 changes 624:630 Significant changes 612:630 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration 612:718 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 20 theme Significant 612:622 arg1 progressed 753:762 the pressing cycle progressed 734:762 the pressing cycle progressed 734:762 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 21 theme oligosaccharide 659:673 arg1 composition 690:700 polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition 635:700 composition 690:700 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 21 theme oligosaccharide 659:673 arg1 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 5 22 theme PS 802:803 arg1 concentration 805:817 the total PS concentration 792:817 the total PS concentration 792:817 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 5 23 from 136mg/L 879:885 arg1 % 864:864 32% 862:864 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) 862:886 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 5 23 from 136mg/L 879:885 arg1 % 834:834 31% 832:834 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) 832:856 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 3 24 theme cycle 570:574 arg1 step 553:556 the last step 544:556 the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters 544:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 3 25 theme meunier 392:398 arg1 wines 430:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines 382:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice 382:467 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 7 26 from arabinose 1022:1030 arg1 rich 1014:1017 rich 1014:1017 rich 1014:1017 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 6 27 theme wine 948:951 arg1 amounts 956:962 The wine OS amounts 944:962 The wine OS amounts 944:962 The wine OS amounts varied between 97 and 139mg/L. 28490102 0 28 theme juice 16:20 arg1 fractioning 28:38 grape juice press fractioning 10:38 grape juice press fractioning 10:38 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 5 29 dep meunier 901:907 arg1 the 891:893 the 891:893 the 891:893 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 0 30 theme base 133:136 arg1 wines 138:142 Champagne base wines 123:142 Champagne base wines 123:142 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 0 31 theme grape 10:14 arg1 fractioning 28:38 grape juice press fractioning 10:38 grape juice press fractioning 10:38 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 7 32 from galactose 1036:1044 arg1 rich 1014:1017 rich 1014:1017 rich 1014:1017 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 0 33 theme Champagne 123:131 arg1 wines 138:142 Champagne base wines 123:142 Champagne base wines 123:142 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 7 34 from PS 1097:1098 arg1 wines 1112:1116 the base wines 1103:1116 the base wines 1103:1116 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 3 35 theme pressing 561:568 arg1 cycle 570:574 pressing cycle 561:574 pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters 561:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 4 36 theme wine 685:688 arg1 composition 690:700 polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition 635:700 composition 690:700 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 36 theme wine 685:688 arg1 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 0 37 theme fractioning 28:38 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 0:143 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 7 38 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 polysaccharide 999:1012 The polysaccharide 995:1012 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) 995:1080 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 7 38 theme major 1091:1095 arg1 PS 1097:1098 the major PS 1087:1098 the major PS in the base wines 1087:1116 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 5 39 dep 167mg/L 849:855 arg1 to 846:847 to 846:847 to 846:847 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 3 40 theme free-run 454:461 arg1 juice 463:467 the free-run juice 450:467 the free-run juice 450:467 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 0 41 theme press 22:26 arg1 fractioning 28:38 grape juice press fractioning 10:38 grape juice press fractioning 10:38 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 3 42 theme base 425:428 arg1 wines 430:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines 382:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice 382:467 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 1 43 theme base 215:218 arg1 wines 220:224 base wines 215:224 base wines 215:224 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 3 44 theme numerous 580:587 arg1 parameters 600:609 numerous enological parameters 580:609 numerous enological parameters 580:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 3 45 theme Chardonnay 404:413 arg1 wines 430:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines 382:434 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice 382:467 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 7 46 theme rich 1014:1017 arg1 polysaccharide 999:1012 The polysaccharide 995:1012 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) 995:1080 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 7 46 theme rich 1014:1017 arg1 PS 1097:1098 the major PS 1087:1098 the major PS in the base wines 1087:1116 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 3 47 theme enological 589:598 arg1 parameters 600:609 numerous enological parameters 580:609 numerous enological parameters 580:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 7 48 theme base 1107:1110 arg1 wines 1112:1116 the base wines 1103:1116 the base wines 1103:1116 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 3 49 theme strong 503:508 arg1 differences 510:520 strong differences 503:520 strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters 503:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 1 50 with juices 249:254 arg1 qualities 271:279 different qualities 261:279 different qualities 261:279 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 2 51 theme pressing 330:337 arg1 cycle 339:343 the pressing cycle 326:343 the pressing cycle 326:343 Grape juice fractions were collected during the pressing cycle at industrial and laboratory scales. 28490102 3 52 theme last 548:551 arg1 step 553:556 the last step 544:556 the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters 544:609 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 5 53 from 167mg/L 849:855 arg1 % 864:864 32% 862:864 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) 862:886 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 5 53 from 167mg/L 849:855 arg1 % 834:834 31% 832:834 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) 832:856 During the pressing cycle, the total PS concentration decreased by 31% (from 244 to 167mg/L) and 32% (from 201 to 136mg/L) in the Pinot meunier and Chardonnay wines respectively. 28490102 4 54 theme base 680:683 arg1 composition 690:700 polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition 635:700 composition 690:700 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 4 54 theme base 680:683 arg1 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 OS 676:677 Significant changes in polysaccharide (PS) and oligosaccharide (OS) base wine composition and concentration were found as the pressing cycle progressed. 28490102 3 55 theme squeezed 477:484 arg1 juices 486:491 the squeezed juices 473:491 the squeezed juices 473:491 The Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines obtained from the free-run juice and the squeezed juices exhibited strong differences from the beginning to the last step of pressing cycle for numerous enological parameters. 28490102 0 56 theme oligosaccharide 62:76 arg1 compositions 78:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 oligosaccharide compositions 62:89 Effect of grape juice press fractioning on polysaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions of Pinot meunier and Chardonnay Champagne base wines. 28490102 1 57 theme Press 145:149 arg1 fractioning 151:161 Press fractioning 145:161 Press fractioning 145:161 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 1 57 theme Press 145:149 arg1 step 179:182 an important step 166:182 an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities 166:279 Press fractioning is an important step in the production of sparkling base wines to segregate the grape juices with different qualities. 28490102 7 58 from mannoproteins 1059:1071 arg1 rich 1014:1017 rich 1014:1017 rich 1014:1017 The polysaccharide rich in arabinose and galactose (39-54%) and mannoproteins (38-55%) were the major PS in the base wines. 28490102 2 59 theme laboratory 363:372 arg1 scales 374:379 industrial and laboratory scales 348:379 industrial and laboratory scales 348:379 Grape juice fractions were collected during the pressing cycle at industrial and laboratory scales. 28490102 6 60 theme OS 953:954 arg1 amounts 956:962 The wine OS amounts 944:962 The wine OS amounts 944:962 The wine OS amounts varied between 97 and 139mg/L. 26829325 6 0 from deficient 847:855 arg1 apoD 860:863 apoD 860:863 apoD 860:863 Our data indicate that compared to most brain regions, the hippocampus is deficient in apoD. 26829325 2 1 theme lipid 313:317 arg1 peroxidation 319:330 lipid peroxidation 313:330 lipid peroxidation 313:330 In addition, loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse increases sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and accelerates AD pathology. 26829325 8 2 attach present 1110:1116 arg2 apoD 1101:1104 brain apoD 1095:1104 brain apoD 1095:1104 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 8 2 attach present 1110:1116 arg1 weight 1148:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 10 3 theme lowest 1576:1581 arg1 levels 1583:1588 the lowest levels 1572:1588 the lowest levels of apoD 1572:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 12 4 theme peripheral 1931:1940 arg1 apoD 1942:1945 peripheral apoD 1931:1945 peripheral apoD 1931:1945 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 10 5 theme apoD 1593:1596 arg1 levels 1583:1588 the lowest levels 1572:1588 the lowest levels of apoD 1572:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 1 6 theme apoD 177:180 arg1 levels 182:187 cerebral apoD levels 168:187 cerebral apoD levels 168:187 Recent studies have shown that cerebral apoD levels increase with age and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 26829325 6 7 theme brain 813:817 arg1 regions 819:825 most brain regions 808:825 most brain regions 808:825 Our data indicate that compared to most brain regions, the hippocampus is deficient in apoD. 26829325 8 8 theme lower 1123:1127 arg1 weight 1148:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 5 9 theme using 610:614 arg1 blotting 624:631 this using western blotting 605:631 this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain 605:770 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 8 10 theme molecular 1138:1146 arg1 weight 1148:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 10 11 theme brain 1456:1460 arg1 hippocampus 1471:1481 hippocampus 1471:1481 hippocampus 1471:1481 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 11 theme brain 1456:1460 arg1 cerebellum 1520:1529 cerebellum 1520:1529 cerebellum 1520:1529 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 11 theme brain 1456:1460 arg1 cortex 1492:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 11 theme brain 1456:1460 arg1 regions 1462:1468 human brain regions 1450:1468 human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD 1450:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 11 theme brain 1456:1460 arg1 cortex 1509:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 0 12 theme Brain 122:126 arg1 Regions 128:134 Mouse and Human Brain Regions 106:134 Mouse and Human Brain Regions 106:134 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. 26829325 2 13 theme cerebral 261:268 arg1 apoD 270:273 cerebral apoD 261:273 cerebral apoD 261:273 In addition, loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse increases sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and accelerates AD pathology. 26829325 8 14 theme brain 1095:1099 arg1 apoD 1101:1104 brain apoD 1095:1104 brain apoD 1095:1104 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 2 15 theme AD 348:349 arg1 pathology 351:359 AD pathology 348:359 AD pathology 348:359 In addition, loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse increases sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and accelerates AD pathology. 26829325 11 16 theme molecular 1662:1670 arg1 weight 1672:1677 a lower molecular weight 1654:1677 a lower molecular weight than in plasma 1654:1692 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 7 17 theme protein 1046:1052 arg1 levels 1054:1059 total protein levels 1040:1059 total protein levels 1040:1059 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 12 18 theme cerebral 1883:1890 arg1 apoD 1892:1895 cerebral apoD 1883:1895 cerebral apoD 1883:1895 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 12 19 theme lower 1903:1907 arg1 weight 1919:1924 a lower molecular weight 1901:1924 a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein 1901:2010 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 5 20 theme regions 652:658 arg1 blotting 624:631 this using western blotting 605:631 this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain 605:770 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 9 21 dep composition 1311:1321 arg1 sialylation 1332:1342 sialylation 1332:1342 sialylation alone 1332:1348 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 7 22 theme adrenal 938:944 arg1 gland 946:950 adrenal gland 938:950 adrenal gland 938:950 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 22 theme adrenal 938:944 arg1 organs 895:900 other major organs 883:900 other major organs 883:900 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 1 23 theme Recent 137:142 arg1 studies 144:150 Recent studies 137:150 Recent studies 137:150 Recent studies have shown that cerebral apoD levels increase with age and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 liver 915:919 liver 915:919 liver 915:919 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 gland 946:950 adrenal gland 938:950 adrenal gland 938:950 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 organs 895:900 other major organs 883:900 other major organs 883:900 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 spleen 922:927 spleen 922:927 spleen 922:927 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 heart 953:957 heart 953:957 heart 953:957 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 kidney 930:935 kidney 930:935 kidney 930:935 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 comparison 869:878 comparison 869:878 comparison 869:878 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 24 dep organs 895:900 arg1 muscle 972:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 stem 747:750 brain stem 741:750 brain stem 741:750 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 hippocampus 677:687 hippocampus 677:687 hippocampus 677:687 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 cerebellum 716:725 cerebellum 716:725 cerebellum 716:725 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 thalamus 728:735 thalamus 728:735 thalamus 728:735 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 cortex 698:703 frontal cortex 690:703 frontal cortex 690:703 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 striatum 706:713 striatum 706:713 striatum 706:713 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 25 theme olfactory 661:669 arg1 bulb 671:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 11 26 theme human 1622:1626 arg1 apoD 1634:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 liver 915:919 liver 915:919 liver 915:919 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 gland 946:950 adrenal gland 938:950 adrenal gland 938:950 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 organs 895:900 other major organs 883:900 other major organs 883:900 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 spleen 922:927 spleen 922:927 spleen 922:927 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 heart 953:957 heart 953:957 heart 953:957 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 kidney 930:935 kidney 930:935 kidney 930:935 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 27 theme major 889:893 arg1 muscle 972:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 9 28 theme peptide 1194:1200 arg1 N-glycosidase-F 1202:1216 peptide N-glycosidase-F 1194:1216 peptide N-glycosidase-F 1194:1216 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 0 29 theme Cerebral 0:7 arg1 Apolipoprotein-D 9:24 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D 0:24 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D 0:24 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. 26829325 12 30 theme protein 1730:1736 arg1 levels 1738:1743 apoD protein levels 1725:1743 apoD protein levels 1725:1743 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 10 31 dep regions 1462:1468 arg1 hippocampus 1471:1481 hippocampus 1471:1481 hippocampus 1471:1481 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 31 dep regions 1462:1468 arg1 cerebellum 1520:1529 cerebellum 1520:1529 cerebellum 1520:1529 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 31 dep regions 1462:1468 arg1 cortex 1492:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 31 dep regions 1462:1468 arg1 cortex 1509:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 31 dep regions 1462:1468 arg1 regions 1462:1468 human brain regions 1450:1468 human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD 1450:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 4 32 theme brain 505:509 arg1 peroxidation 517:528 brain lipid peroxidation 505:528 brain lipid peroxidation 505:528 This is important as both brain lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration occur in a region-specific manner. 26829325 12 33 theme protein 2004:2010 arg1 content 1989:1995 the N-glycan content 1976:1995 the N-glycan content of the protein 1976:2010 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 5 34 theme brain 766:770 arg1 regions 652:658 seven different regions 636:658 seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain 636:770 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 6 35 theme most 808:811 arg1 regions 819:825 most brain regions 808:825 most brain regions 808:825 Our data indicate that compared to most brain regions, the hippocampus is deficient in apoD. 26829325 5 36 theme brain 741:745 arg1 stem 747:750 brain stem 741:750 brain stem 741:750 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 36 theme brain 741:745 arg1 bulb 671:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 7 37 theme total 1040:1044 arg1 levels 1054:1059 total protein levels 1040:1059 total protein levels 1040:1059 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 3 38 theme little 367:372 arg1 data 374:377 Very little data 362:377 Very little data 362:377 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26829325 12 39 theme N-glycan 1980:1987 arg1 content 1989:1995 the N-glycan content 1976:1995 the N-glycan content of the protein 1976:2010 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 3 40 from expression 417:426 arg1 regions 470:476 different brain regions 454:476 different brain regions 454:476 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26829325 0 41 theme Peripheral 58:67 arg1 Tissues 69:75 Peripheral Tissues 58:75 Peripheral Tissues 58:75 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. 26829325 9 42 theme sialic 1260:1265 arg1 acids 1267:1271 sialic acids 1260:1271 sialic acids 1260:1271 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 0 43 gly Hypoglycosylated 29:44 arg1 Apolipoprotein-D 9:24 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D 0:24 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D 0:24 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. 26829325 3 44 theme protein 436:442 arg1 levels 444:449 apoD protein levels 431:449 apoD protein levels 431:449 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26829325 4 45 theme region-specific 563:577 arg1 manner 579:584 a region-specific manner 561:584 a region-specific manner 561:584 This is important as both brain lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration occur in a region-specific manner. 26829325 8 46 dep tissue 1160:1165 arg1 apoD 1178:1181 apoD 1178:1181 apoD 1178:1181 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 5 47 theme western 616:622 arg1 blotting 624:631 this using western blotting 605:631 this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain 605:770 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 3 48 theme brain 464:468 arg1 regions 470:476 different brain regions 454:476 different brain regions 454:476 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26829325 12 49 theme other 1848:1852 arg1 tissues 1854:1860 tissues 1854:1860 tissues 1854:1860 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 10 50 theme human 1450:1454 arg1 hippocampus 1471:1481 hippocampus 1471:1481 hippocampus 1471:1481 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 50 theme human 1450:1454 arg1 cerebellum 1520:1529 cerebellum 1520:1529 cerebellum 1520:1529 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 50 theme human 1450:1454 arg1 cortex 1492:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 50 theme human 1450:1454 arg1 regions 1462:1468 human brain regions 1450:1468 human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD 1450:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 50 theme human 1450:1454 arg1 cortex 1509:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 9 51 theme N-glycan 1302:1309 arg1 composition 1311:1321 N-glycan composition 1302:1321 N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) 1302:1349 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 11 52 from weight 1672:1677 arg1 present 1643:1649 present 1643:1649 present 1643:1649 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 7 53 theme brain 981:985 arg1 apoD 987:990 brain apoD 981:990 brain apoD 981:990 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 1 54 theme cerebral 168:175 arg1 levels 182:187 cerebral apoD levels 168:187 cerebral apoD levels 168:187 Recent studies have shown that cerebral apoD levels increase with age and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 26829325 9 55 from reduction 1377:1385 arg1 weight 1400:1405 molecular weight 1390:1405 molecular weight 1390:1405 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 11 56 located present 1643:1649 arg2 apoD 1634:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 11 56 located present 1643:1649 arg1 weight 1672:1677 a lower molecular weight 1654:1677 a lower molecular weight than in plasma 1654:1692 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 12 57 theme apoD 1795:1798 arg1 levels 1800:1805 apoD levels 1795:1805 apoD levels 1795:1805 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 10 58 theme regions 1462:1468 arg1 analysis 1438:1445 an analysis 1435:1445 an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD 1435:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 7 59 theme skeletal 963:970 arg1 organs 895:900 other major organs 883:900 other major organs 883:900 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 59 theme skeletal 963:970 arg1 muscle 972:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 2 60 theme apoD 270:273 arg1 loss 253:256 loss 253:256 loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse 253:286 In addition, loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse increases sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and accelerates AD pathology. 26829325 8 61 theme apparent 1129:1136 arg1 weight 1148:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 12 62 theme brain 1775:1779 arg1 regions 1781:1787 different brain regions 1765:1787 different brain regions 1765:1787 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 10 63 contain had 1568:1570 arg1 hippocampus 1556:1566 the hippocampus 1552:1566 the hippocampus 1552:1566 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 63 contain had 1568:1570 arg2 levels 1583:1588 the lowest levels 1572:1588 the lowest levels of apoD 1572:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 12 64 theme molecular 1909:1917 arg1 weight 1919:1924 a lower molecular weight 1901:1924 a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein 1901:2010 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 10 65 theme frontal 1484:1490 arg1 cortex 1492:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 frontal cortex 1484:1497 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 65 theme frontal 1484:1490 arg1 regions 1462:1468 human brain regions 1450:1468 human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD 1450:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 5 66 theme frontal 690:696 arg1 cortex 698:703 frontal cortex 690:703 frontal cortex 690:703 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 66 theme frontal 690:696 arg1 bulb 671:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 67 theme different 642:650 arg1 regions 652:658 seven different regions 636:658 seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain 636:770 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 12 68 contain has 1897:1899 arg2 weight 1919:1924 a lower molecular weight 1901:1924 a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein 1901:2010 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 12 68 contain has 1897:1899 arg1 apoD 1892:1895 cerebral apoD 1883:1895 cerebral apoD 1883:1895 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 11 69 theme lower 1656:1660 arg1 weight 1672:1677 a lower molecular weight 1654:1677 a lower molecular weight than in plasma 1654:1692 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 8 70 from weight 1148:1153 arg1 present 1110:1116 present 1110:1116 present 1110:1116 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 9 71 theme molecular 1390:1398 arg1 weight 1400:1405 molecular weight 1390:1405 molecular weight 1390:1405 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 2 72 from loss 253:256 arg1 mouse 282:286 the mouse 278:286 the mouse 278:286 In addition, loss of cerebral apoD in the mouse increases sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and accelerates AD pathology. 26829325 7 73 dep higher 1018:1023 arg1 corrected 1026:1034 corrected 1026:1034 corrected 1026:1034 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 8 74 located present 1110:1116 arg2 apoD 1101:1104 brain apoD 1095:1104 brain apoD 1095:1104 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 8 74 located present 1110:1116 arg1 weight 1148:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 a lower apparent molecular weight 1121:1153 Our analysis also revealed that brain apoD was present at a lower apparent molecular weight than tissue and plasma apoD. 26829325 11 75 theme brain 1628:1632 arg1 apoD 1634:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 0 76 theme Mouse 106:110 arg1 Regions 128:134 Mouse and Human Brain Regions 106:134 Mouse and Human Brain Regions 106:134 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. 26829325 12 77 theme different 1765:1773 arg1 regions 1781:1787 different brain regions 1765:1787 different brain regions 1765:1787 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 0 78 theme Human 116:120 arg1 Regions 128:134 Mouse and Human Brain Regions 106:134 Mouse and Human Brain Regions 106:134 Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. 26829325 12 79 theme apoD 1725:1728 arg1 levels 1738:1743 apoD protein levels 1725:1743 apoD protein levels 1725:1743 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 liver 915:919 liver 915:919 liver 915:919 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 gland 946:950 adrenal gland 938:950 adrenal gland 938:950 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 organs 895:900 other major organs 883:900 other major organs 883:900 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 spleen 922:927 spleen 922:927 spleen 922:927 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 heart 953:957 heart 953:957 heart 953:957 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 kidney 930:935 kidney 930:935 kidney 930:935 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 7 80 theme other 883:887 arg1 muscle 972:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 skeletal muscle 963:977 In comparison to other major organs and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, heart and skeletal muscle), brain apoD was approximately 10-fold higher (corrected for total protein levels). 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 stem 747:750 brain stem 741:750 brain stem 741:750 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 hippocampus 677:687 hippocampus 677:687 hippocampus 677:687 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 cerebellum 716:725 cerebellum 716:725 cerebellum 716:725 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 thalamus 728:735 thalamus 728:735 thalamus 728:735 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 cortex 698:703 frontal cortex 690:703 frontal cortex 690:703 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 striatum 706:713 striatum 706:713 striatum 706:713 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 5 81 dep regions 652:658 arg1 bulb 671:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 olfactory bulb 661:674 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 11 82 attach present 1643:1649 arg2 apoD 1634:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 human brain apoD 1622:1637 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 11 82 attach present 1643:1649 arg1 weight 1672:1677 a lower molecular weight 1654:1677 a lower molecular weight than in plasma 1654:1692 We also confirmed that human brain apoD was present at a lower molecular weight than in plasma. 26829325 4 83 theme lipid 511:515 arg1 peroxidation 517:528 brain lipid peroxidation 505:528 brain lipid peroxidation 505:528 This is important as both brain lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration occur in a region-specific manner. 26829325 10 84 theme temporal 1500:1507 arg1 cortex 1509:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 temporal cortex 1500:1514 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 10 84 theme temporal 1500:1507 arg1 regions 1462:1468 human brain regions 1450:1468 human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD 1450:1596 We extended the studies to an analysis of human brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex and cerebellum) where we found that the hippocampus had the lowest levels of apoD. 26829325 5 85 theme mouse 760:764 arg1 brain 766:770 the mouse brain 756:770 the mouse brain 756:770 Here we addressed this using western blotting of seven different regions (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, frontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum, thalamus and brain stem) of the mouse brain. 26829325 3 86 theme apoD 431:434 arg1 levels 444:449 apoD protein levels 431:449 apoD protein levels 431:449 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26829325 12 87 dep weight 1919:1924 arg1 phenomenon 1950:1959 a phenomenon 1948:1959 a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein 1901:2010 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 12 87 dep weight 1919:1924 arg1 due 1969:1971 due 1969:1971 due 1969:1971 In conclusion, we demonstrate apoD protein levels are variable across different brain regions, that apoD levels are much higher in the brain compared to other tissues and organs, and that cerebral apoD has a lower molecular weight than peripheral apoD; a phenomenon that is due to the N-glycan content of the protein. 26829325 9 88 dep sialylation 1332:1342 arg1 not 1328:1330 not 1328:1330 not 1328:1330 Utilising peptide N-glycosidase-F and neuraminidase to remove N-glycans and sialic acids, respectively, we found that N-glycan composition (but not sialylation alone) were responsible for this reduction in molecular weight. 26829325 6 89 from apoD 860:863 arg1 deficient 847:855 deficient 847:855 deficient 847:855 Our data indicate that compared to most brain regions, the hippocampus is deficient in apoD. 26829325 6 89 from apoD 860:863 arg1 hippocampus 832:842 the hippocampus 828:842 the hippocampus 828:842 Our data indicate that compared to most brain regions, the hippocampus is deficient in apoD. 26829325 3 90 theme different 454:462 arg1 regions 470:476 different brain regions 454:476 different brain regions 454:476 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26829325 3 91 theme levels 444:449 arg1 expression 417:426 the expression 413:426 the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions 413:476 Very little data are available, however, regarding the expression of apoD protein levels in different brain regions. 26859770 7 0 theme major 1388:1392 arg1 changes 1394:1400 major changes 1388:1400 major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota 1388:1445 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 7 1 theme acid 1490:1493 arg1 production 1495:1504 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 6 2 theme glycobiome 1190:1199 arg1 expansion 1162:1170 an expansion 1159:1170 an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates 1159:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 7 3 theme metabolomic 1409:1419 arg1 profile 1421:1427 the metabolomic profile 1405:1427 the metabolomic profile of the microbiota 1405:1445 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 8 4 theme bifidobacteria 1607:1620 arg1 role 1599:1602 an ecological role 1585:1602 an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota 1585:1764 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 2 5 theme breve 538:542 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 5 theme breve 538:542 arg1 12L 544:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 6 6 link plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 carbohydrates 1247:1259 plant-derived carbohydrates 1233:1259 plant-derived carbohydrates 1233:1259 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 6 link plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 substrates 1322:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 6 link plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 arabinoxylan 1277:1288 arabinoxylan 1277:1288 arabinoxylan 1277:1288 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 6 link plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 starch 1291:1296 starch 1291:1296 starch 1291:1296 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 6 link plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 xylan 1270:1274 xylan 1270:1274 xylan 1270:1274 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 7 theme carbohydrates 1247:1259 arg1 degradation 1218:1228 enzymatic degradation 1208:1228 enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates 1208:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 8 link host-derived 1302:1313 arg1 substrates 1322:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 9 theme strains 1142:1148 arg1 associations 1110:1121 single, dual or multiple associations 1085:1121 single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1085:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 8 10 theme gut 1689:1691 arg1 microbiome 1700:1709 the gut murine microbiome 1685:1709 the gut murine microbiome 1685:1709 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 7 11 theme murine 1543:1548 arg1 cecum 1550:1554 the murine cecum 1539:1554 the murine cecum 1539:1554 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 7 12 theme chain 1478:1482 arg1 acid 1490:1493 short chain fatty acid 1472:1493 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 3 13 dep infantis 582:589 arg1 intestine 609:617 the intestine 605:617 the intestine of conventional mice 605:638 infantis ATCC15697, in the intestine of conventional mice. 26859770 6 14 theme bifidobacterial 1126:1140 arg1 strains 1142:1148 bifidobacterial strains 1126:1148 bifidobacterial strains 1126:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 0 15 theme multi-omics 100:110 arg1 approach 112:119 a multi-omics approach 98:119 a multi-omics approach 98:119 Deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach. 26859770 6 16 theme transcription 1024:1036 arg1 profiling 1038:1046 Whole-genome transcription profiling 1011:1046 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1011:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 4 17 theme intestine 872:880 arg1 environment 843:853 the highly competitive environment 820:853 the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine 820:880 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 18 theme generated 645:653 arg1 information 655:665 The generated information 641:665 The generated information 641:665 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 0 19 from impact 70:75 arg1 microbiota 84:93 gut microbiota 80:93 gut microbiota 80:93 Deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach. 26859770 5 20 theme strains 931:937 arg1 Introduction 883:894 Introduction 883:894 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains 883:937 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 7 21 from changes 1394:1400 arg1 profile 1421:1427 the metabolomic profile 1405:1427 the metabolomic profile of the microbiota 1405:1445 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 2 22 theme human 433:437 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 22 theme human 433:437 arg1 subsp 575:579 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 552:579 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 552:579 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 22 theme human 433:437 arg1 12L 544:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 22 theme human 433:437 arg1 PRL2010 479:485 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 455:485 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 455:485 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 22 theme human 433:437 arg1 22L 517:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 23 theme longum 568:573 arg1 subsp 575:579 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 552:579 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 552:579 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 23 theme longum 568:573 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 5 24 theme two 899:901 arg1 Introduction 883:894 Introduction 883:894 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains 883:937 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 2 25 theme Bifidobacterium 488:502 arg1 22L 517:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 25 theme Bifidobacterium 488:502 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 6 26 theme glycan 1315:1320 arg1 substrates 1322:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 3 27 theme conventional 622:633 arg1 mice 635:638 conventional mice 622:638 conventional mice 622:638 infantis ATCC15697, in the intestine of conventional mice. 26859770 6 28 theme Whole-genome 1011:1022 arg1 profiling 1038:1046 Whole-genome transcription profiling 1011:1046 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1011:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 7 29 theme fatty 1484:1488 arg1 acid 1490:1493 short chain fatty acid 1472:1493 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 8 30 theme murine 1693:1698 arg1 microbiome 1700:1709 the gut murine microbiome 1685:1709 the gut murine microbiome 1685:1709 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 6 31 theme associations 1110:1121 arg1 analyses 1073:1080 metagenomic analyses 1061:1080 metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1061:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 3 32 theme mice 635:638 arg1 intestine 609:617 the intestine 605:617 the intestine of conventional mice 605:638 infantis ATCC15697, in the intestine of conventional mice. 26859770 1 33 theme particular 220:229 arg1 components 231:240 particular components 220:240 particular components of the gut microbiota 220:262 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms are poorly investigated for particular components of the gut microbiota. 26859770 6 34 theme multiple 1101:1108 arg1 associations 1110:1121 single, dual or multiple associations 1085:1121 single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1085:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 7 35 from availability 1523:1534 arg1 cecum 1550:1554 the murine cecum 1539:1554 the murine cecum 1539:1554 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 2 36 theme bifidobacterial 328:342 arg1 species 344:350 different bifidobacterial species 318:350 different bifidobacterial species 318:350 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 37 theme Bifidobacterium 455:469 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 37 theme Bifidobacterium 455:469 arg1 PRL2010 479:485 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 455:485 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 455:485 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 0 38 theme metabolic 37:45 arg1 interactions 47:58 bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions 12:58 bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions 12:58 Deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach. 26859770 8 39 theme microbiota 1755:1764 arg1 enrichment 1727:1736 an enrichment 1724:1736 an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota 1724:1764 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 4 40 theme various 676:682 arg1 glycan-harvesting 727:743 glycan-harvesting 727:743 glycan-harvesting 727:743 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 40 theme various 676:682 arg1 behavior 781:788 cross-feeding behavior 767:788 cross-feeding behavior 767:788 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 40 theme various 676:682 arg1 glycan-breakdown 746:761 glycan-breakdown 746:761 glycan-breakdown 746:761 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 40 theme various 676:682 arg1 strategies 705:714 various ecological/metabolic strategies 676:714 various ecological/metabolic strategies 676:714 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 2 41 theme different 318:326 arg1 species 344:350 different bifidobacterial species 318:350 different bifidobacterial species 318:350 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 7 42 from shifts 1462:1467 arg1 production 1495:1504 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 7 42 from shifts 1462:1467 arg1 availability 1523:1534 carbohydrate availability 1510:1534 carbohydrate availability 1510:1534 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 1 43 theme competition 157:167 arg1 intricacies 126:136 The intricacies 122:136 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms 122:190 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms are poorly investigated for particular components of the gut microbiota. 26859770 2 44 theme Bifidobacterium 522:536 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 44 theme Bifidobacterium 522:536 arg1 12L 544:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 6 45 theme dual 1093:1096 arg1 associations 1110:1121 single, dual or multiple associations 1085:1121 single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1085:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 7 46 theme bifidobacterial 1353:1367 arg1 communities 1369:1379 these bifidobacterial communities 1347:1379 these bifidobacterial communities 1347:1379 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 4 47 theme cross-feeding 767:779 arg1 behavior 781:788 cross-feeding behavior 767:788 cross-feeding behavior 767:788 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 6 48 theme gut 1186:1188 arg1 glycobiome 1190:1199 the murine gut glycobiome 1175:1199 the murine gut glycobiome 1175:1199 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 49 theme plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 carbohydrates 1247:1259 plant-derived carbohydrates 1233:1259 plant-derived carbohydrates 1233:1259 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 49 theme plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 substrates 1322:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 49 theme plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 arabinoxylan 1277:1288 arabinoxylan 1277:1288 arabinoxylan 1277:1288 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 49 theme plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 starch 1291:1296 starch 1291:1296 starch 1291:1296 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 49 theme plant-derived 1233:1245 arg1 xylan 1270:1274 xylan 1270:1274 xylan 1270:1274 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 7 50 from production 1495:1504 arg1 cecum 1550:1554 the murine cecum 1539:1554 the murine cecum 1539:1554 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 5 51 theme microbiota 967:976 arg1 composition 978:988 the microbiota composition 963:988 the microbiota composition of the murine cecum 963:1008 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 1 52 theme gut 249:251 arg1 microbiota 253:262 the gut microbiota 245:262 the gut microbiota 245:262 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms are poorly investigated for particular components of the gut microbiota. 26859770 5 53 theme multiple 906:913 arg1 strains 931:937 multiple bifidobacterial strains 906:937 multiple bifidobacterial strains 906:937 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 5 54 theme cecum 1004:1008 arg1 composition 978:988 the microbiota composition 963:988 the microbiota composition of the murine cecum 963:1008 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 5 55 theme bifidobacterial 915:929 arg1 strains 931:937 multiple bifidobacterial strains 906:937 multiple bifidobacterial strains 906:937 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 2 56 dep Bifidobacterium 455:469 arg1 bifidum 471:477 bifidum 471:477 bifidum 471:477 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 57 theme adolescentis 504:515 arg1 22L 517:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 57 theme adolescentis 504:515 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 6 58 theme metagenomic 1061:1071 arg1 analyses 1073:1080 metagenomic analyses 1061:1080 metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1061:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 8 59 theme cross-feeding 1649:1661 arg1 activities 1663:1672 cross-feeding activities 1649:1672 cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota 1649:1764 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 6 60 theme murine 1179:1184 arg1 glycobiome 1190:1199 the murine gut glycobiome 1175:1199 the murine gut glycobiome 1175:1199 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 5 61 from shift 954:958 arg1 composition 978:988 the microbiota composition 963:988 the microbiota composition of the murine cecum 963:1008 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 2 62 theme mammalian 367:375 arg1 gut 377:379 the mammalian gut 363:379 the mammalian gut 363:379 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 8 63 theme saccharolytic 1741:1753 arg1 microbiota 1755:1764 saccharolytic microbiota 1741:1764 saccharolytic microbiota 1741:1764 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 5 64 theme murine 997:1002 arg1 cecum 1004:1008 the murine cecum 993:1008 the murine cecum 993:1008 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 8 65 theme ecological 1588:1597 arg1 role 1599:1602 an ecological role 1585:1602 an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota 1585:1764 Overall, these data support an ecological role of bifidobacteria acting directly or through cross-feeding activities in shaping the gut murine microbiome to instigate an enrichment of saccharolytic microbiota. 26859770 1 66 theme cooperation 141:151 arg1 intricacies 126:136 The intricacies 122:136 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms 122:190 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms are poorly investigated for particular components of the gut microbiota. 26859770 4 67 theme mammalian 862:870 arg1 intestine 872:880 the mammalian intestine 858:880 the mammalian intestine 858:880 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 1 68 theme microbiota 253:262 arg1 components 231:240 particular components 220:240 particular components of the gut microbiota 220:262 The intricacies of cooperation and competition between microorganisms are poorly investigated for particular components of the gut microbiota. 26859770 6 69 theme single 1085:1090 arg1 associations 1110:1121 single, dual or multiple associations 1085:1121 single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains 1085:1148 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 6 70 theme enzymatic 1208:1216 arg1 degradation 1218:1228 enzymatic degradation 1208:1228 enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates 1208:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 4 71 theme competitive 831:841 arg1 environment 843:853 the highly competitive environment 820:853 the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine 820:880 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 2 72 theme gut 439:441 arg1 commensals 443:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 four human gut commensals 428:452 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 72 theme gut 439:441 arg1 subsp 575:579 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 552:579 Bifidobacterium longum subsp 552:579 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 72 theme gut 439:441 arg1 12L 544:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 Bifidobacterium breve 12L 522:546 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 72 theme gut 439:441 arg1 PRL2010 479:485 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 455:485 Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010 455:485 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 2 72 theme gut 439:441 arg1 22L 517:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L 488:519 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 7 73 theme carbohydrate 1510:1521 arg1 availability 1523:1534 carbohydrate availability 1510:1534 carbohydrate availability 1510:1534 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 7 74 theme short 1472:1476 arg1 acid 1490:1493 short chain fatty acid 1472:1493 short chain fatty acid production 1472:1504 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 2 75 theme possible 398:405 arg1 interactions 407:418 possible interactions 398:418 possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp 398:579 In order to obtain insights into the manner by which different bifidobacterial species coexist in the mammalian gut, we investigated possible interactions between four human gut commensals, Bifidobacterium bifidum PRL2010, Bifidobacterium adolescentis 22L, Bifidobacterium breve 12L and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. 26859770 6 76 theme host-derived 1302:1313 arg1 substrates 1322:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 host-derived glycan substrates 1302:1331 Whole-genome transcription profiling coupled with metagenomic analyses of single, dual or multiple associations of bifidobacterial strains revealed an expansion of the murine gut glycobiome toward enzymatic degradation of plant-derived carbohydrates, such as xylan, arabinoxylan, starch and host-derived glycan substrates. 26859770 0 77 theme gut 80:82 arg1 microbiota 84:93 gut microbiota 80:93 gut microbiota 80:93 Deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach. 26859770 0 78 from interactions 47:58 arg1 microbiota 84:93 gut microbiota 80:93 gut microbiota 80:93 Deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach. 26859770 5 79 theme clear 948:952 arg1 shift 954:958 a clear shift 946:958 a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum 946:1008 Introduction of two or multiple bifidobacterial strains caused a clear shift in the microbiota composition of the murine cecum. 26859770 7 80 theme microbiota 1436:1445 arg1 profile 1421:1427 the metabolomic profile 1405:1427 the metabolomic profile of the microbiota 1405:1445 Furthermore, these bifidobacterial communities evoked major changes in the metabolomic profile of the microbiota as observed by shifts in short chain fatty acid production and carbohydrate availability in the murine cecum. 26859770 0 81 theme bifidobacterial-mediated 12:35 arg1 interactions 47:58 bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions 12:58 bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions 12:58 Deciphering bifidobacterial-mediated metabolic interactions and their impact on gut microbiota by a multi-omics approach. 26859770 4 82 from bifidobacteria 802:815 arg1 environment 843:853 the highly competitive environment 820:853 the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine 820:880 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 83 theme ecological/metabolic 684:703 arg1 glycan-harvesting 727:743 glycan-harvesting 727:743 glycan-harvesting 727:743 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 83 theme ecological/metabolic 684:703 arg1 behavior 781:788 cross-feeding behavior 767:788 cross-feeding behavior 767:788 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 83 theme ecological/metabolic 684:703 arg1 glycan-breakdown 746:761 glycan-breakdown 746:761 glycan-breakdown 746:761 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 26859770 4 83 theme ecological/metabolic 684:703 arg1 strategies 705:714 various ecological/metabolic strategies 676:714 various ecological/metabolic strategies 676:714 The generated information revealed various ecological/metabolic strategies, including glycan-harvesting, glycan-breakdown and cross-feeding behavior, adopted by bifidobacteria in the highly competitive environment of the mammalian intestine. 24721053 0 0 theme potential 64:72 arg1 reinforcement 74:86 potential reinforcement 64:86 potential reinforcement of polymer composites 64:108 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 2 1 theme plant 300:304 arg1 stem 288:291 the stem 284:291 the stem 284:291 The fibers are extracted from the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world. 24721053 5 2 theme standard 899:906 arg1 methods 913:919 standard test methods 899:919 standard test methods 899:919 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 3 3 theme polymer 442:448 arg1 composites 450:459 polymer composites 442:459 polymer composites 442:459 To use these lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, it is necessary to investigate their microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties. 24721053 1 4 theme polymer 216:222 arg1 composites 224:233 polymer composites 216:233 polymer composites 216:233 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 6 5 theme data 1052:1055 arg1 analysis 1023:1030 a reliability analysis 1009:1030 a reliability analysis of the experimental data 1009:1055 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 L. 58:59 L. 58:59 L. 58:59 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 4 7 theme real 721:724 arg1 density 726:732 the real density 717:732 the real density through a helium pycnometer 717:760 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 4 8 theme L. 601:602 arg1 fibers 604:609 A. donax L. fibers 592:609 A. donax L. fibers 592:609 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 5 9 from composition 776:786 arg1 terms 813:817 terms 813:817 terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 813:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 6 10 theme mechanical 926:935 arg1 characterization 937:952 The mechanical characterization 922:952 The mechanical characterization 922:952 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 7 11 theme mechanical 1201:1210 arg1 properties 1212:1221 the mechanical properties 1197:1221 the mechanical properties 1197:1221 Furthermore, a mathematical model was applied to investigate the relation between the transverse dimension of the fibers and the mechanical properties. 24721053 5 12 theme lignin 848:853 arg1 terms 813:817 terms 813:817 terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 813:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 5 13 theme fibers 803:808 arg1 composition 776:786 The chemical composition 763:786 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 763:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 0 14 theme composites 99:108 arg1 reinforcement 74:86 potential reinforcement 64:86 potential reinforcement of polymer composites 64:108 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 6 15 theme fiber 985:989 arg1 tests 999:1003 single fiber tensile tests 978:1003 single fiber tensile tests 978:1003 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 2 16 theme Mediterranean 329:341 arg1 area 343:346 Mediterranean area 329:346 Mediterranean area 329:346 The fibers are extracted from the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world. 24721053 0 17 theme polymer 91:97 arg1 composites 99:108 polymer composites 91:108 polymer composites 91:108 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 6 18 theme single 978:983 arg1 tests 999:1003 single fiber tensile tests 978:1003 single fiber tensile tests 978:1003 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 6 19 theme experimental 1039:1050 arg1 data 1052:1055 the experimental data 1035:1055 the experimental data 1035:1055 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 4 20 theme donax 595:599 arg1 fibers 604:609 A. donax L. fibers 592:609 A. donax L. fibers 592:609 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 4 21 theme thermogravimetric 686:702 arg1 analysis 704:711 thermogravimetric analysis 686:711 thermogravimetric analysis 686:711 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 5 22 theme cellulose 822:830 arg1 terms 813:817 terms 813:817 terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 813:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 5 23 theme chemical 767:774 arg1 composition 776:786 The chemical composition 763:786 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 763:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 2 24 theme outer 270:274 arg1 part 276:279 the outer part 266:279 the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world 266:383 The fibers are extracted from the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world. 24721053 4 25 theme fibers 604:609 arg1 morphology 578:587 the morphology 574:587 the morphology of A. donax L. fibers 574:609 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 0 26 theme new 22:24 arg1 fiber 34:38 a new natural fiber 20:38 a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites 20:108 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 1 27 from composites 224:233 arg1 possibility 149:159 the possibility 145:159 the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites 145:233 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 3 28 from reinforcement 425:437 arg1 composites 450:459 polymer composites 442:459 polymer composites 442:459 To use these lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, it is necessary to investigate their microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties. 24721053 1 29 theme using 164:168 arg1 possibility 149:159 the possibility 145:159 the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites 145:233 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 4 30 theme electron 636:643 arg1 microscopy 645:654 electron microscopy 636:654 electron microscopy 636:654 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 5 31 theme natural 795:801 arg1 fibers 803:808 the natural fibers 791:808 the natural fibers 791:808 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 0 32 theme fiber 34:38 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 0:109 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 5 33 theme ash 860:862 arg1 contents 864:871 ash contents 860:871 ash contents 860:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 4 34 theme A. 592:593 arg1 fibers 604:609 A. donax L. fibers 592:609 A. donax L. fibers 592:609 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 6 35 theme reliability 1011:1021 arg1 analysis 1023:1030 a reliability analysis 1009:1030 a reliability analysis of the experimental data 1009:1055 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 1 36 theme Arundo 173:178 arg1 fibers 189:194 Arundo donax L. fibers 173:194 Arundo donax L. fibers 173:194 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 0 37 theme natural 26:32 arg1 fiber 34:38 a new natural fiber 20:38 a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites 20:108 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 0 38 from L. 58:59 arg1 fiber 34:38 a new natural fiber 20:38 a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites 20:108 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 0 38 from L. 58:59 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 0:109 Characterization of a new natural fiber from Arundo donax L. as potential reinforcement of polymer composites. 24721053 3 39 theme mechanical 540:549 arg1 properties 551:560 mechanical properties 540:560 mechanical properties 540:560 To use these lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, it is necessary to investigate their microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties. 24721053 1 40 theme donax 180:184 arg1 fibers 189:194 Arundo donax L. fibers 173:194 Arundo donax L. fibers 173:194 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 7 41 theme mathematical 1087:1098 arg1 model 1100:1104 a mathematical model 1085:1104 a mathematical model 1085:1104 Furthermore, a mathematical model was applied to investigate the relation between the transverse dimension of the fibers and the mechanical properties. 24721053 7 42 theme transverse 1158:1167 arg1 dimension 1169:1177 the transverse dimension 1154:1177 the transverse dimension of the fibers 1154:1191 Furthermore, a mathematical model was applied to investigate the relation between the transverse dimension of the fibers and the mechanical properties. 24721053 3 43 theme chemical 515:522 arg1 composition 524:534 chemical composition 515:534 chemical composition 515:534 To use these lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, it is necessary to investigate their microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties. 24721053 2 44 theme stem 288:291 arg1 part 276:279 the outer part 266:279 the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world 266:383 The fibers are extracted from the outer part of the stem of the plant, which widely grows in Mediterranean area and is diffused all around the world. 24721053 4 45 theme helium 744:749 arg1 pycnometer 751:760 a helium pycnometer 742:760 a helium pycnometer 742:760 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 3 46 theme lignocellulosic 399:413 arg1 fibers 415:420 these lignocellulosic fibers 393:420 these lignocellulosic fibers 393:420 To use these lignocellulosic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites, it is necessary to investigate their microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical properties. 24721053 1 47 theme L. 186:187 arg1 fibers 189:194 Arundo donax L. fibers 173:194 Arundo donax L. fibers 173:194 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 5 48 theme test 908:911 arg1 methods 913:919 standard test methods 899:919 standard test methods 899:919 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 1 49 from possibility 149:159 arg1 composites 224:233 polymer composites 216:233 polymer composites 216:233 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 24721053 4 50 theme thermal 661:667 arg1 behavior 669:676 the thermal behavior 657:676 the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis 657:711 Therefore, the morphology of A. donax L. fibers was investigated through electron microscopy, the thermal behavior through thermogravimetric analysis and the real density through a helium pycnometer. 24721053 5 51 theme contents 864:871 arg1 terms 813:817 terms 813:817 terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 813:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 7 52 theme fibers 1186:1191 arg1 properties 1212:1221 the mechanical properties 1197:1221 the mechanical properties 1197:1221 Furthermore, a mathematical model was applied to investigate the relation between the transverse dimension of the fibers and the mechanical properties. 24721053 7 52 theme fibers 1186:1191 arg1 dimension 1169:1177 the transverse dimension 1154:1177 the transverse dimension of the fibers 1154:1191 Furthermore, a mathematical model was applied to investigate the relation between the transverse dimension of the fibers and the mechanical properties. 24721053 6 53 theme tensile 991:997 arg1 tests 999:1003 single fiber tensile tests 978:1003 single fiber tensile tests 978:1003 The mechanical characterization was carried out through single fiber tensile tests and a reliability analysis of the experimental data was performed. 24721053 5 54 theme hemicellulose 833:845 arg1 terms 813:817 terms 813:817 terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents 813:871 The chemical composition of the natural fibers in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash contents was determinated by using standard test methods. 24721053 1 55 theme paper 127:131 arg1 aim 115:117 The aim 111:117 The aim of this paper 111:131 The aim of this paper is to study the possibility of using of Arundo donax L. fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites. 27200457 5 0 from EndoS 623:627 arg1 pyogenes 635:642 S. pyogenes 632:642 S. pyogenes 632:642 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 1 1 from enzymes 166:172 arg1 SDSD 229:232 SDSD 229:232 SDSD 229:232 AIM The aim of this study was to identify and characterize EndoS-like enzymes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD). 27200457 1 1 from enzymes 166:172 arg1 dysgalactiae 215:226 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 177:226 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) 177:233 AIM The aim of this study was to identify and characterize EndoS-like enzymes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD). 27200457 2 2 theme liquid 345:350 arg1 chromatography 352:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 322:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 4 3 from IgG 564:566 arg1 core 542:545 the chitobiose core 527:545 the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG 527:566 EndoSd hydrolyzes the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG. 27200457 0 4 theme subspecies 71:80 arg1 dysgalactiae 82:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 5 5 theme acid 579:582 arg1 sequence 584:591 The amino acid sequence 569:591 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd 569:601 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 5 5 theme acid 579:582 arg1 identical 610:618 identical 610:618 identical 610:618 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 2 6 theme performance 333:343 arg1 chromatography 352:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 322:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 7 7 dep CONCLUSION 771:780 arg1 indicate 795:802 indicate 795:802 indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd 795:936 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 7 8 attach present 844:850 arg2 activity 832:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 7 8 attach present 844:850 arg1 SDSD 855:858 SDSD 855:858 SDSD 855:858 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 7 9 theme identified 913:922 arg1 EndoSd 931:936 the here identified enzyme EndoSd 904:936 the here identified enzyme EndoSd 904:936 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 2 10 theme recombinant 277:287 arg1 expression 297:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 10 theme recombinant 277:287 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 5 11 theme S. 632:633 arg1 pyogenes 635:642 S. pyogenes 632:642 S. pyogenes 632:642 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 6 12 theme medium 763:768 arg1 composition 737:747 the carbohydrate composition 720:747 the carbohydrate composition of the growth medium 720:768 EndoSd secretion is influenced by the carbohydrate composition of the growth medium. 27200457 1 13 dep was 122:124 arg1 AIM 96:98 AIM 96:98 AIM 96:98 AIM The aim of this study was to identify and characterize EndoS-like enzymes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD). 27200457 7 14 theme hydrolyzing 820:830 arg1 activity 832:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 0 15 from enzyme 34:39 arg1 dysgalactiae 82:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 7 16 from present 844:850 arg1 SDSD 855:858 SDSD 855:858 SDSD 855:858 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 5 17 theme EndoSd 596:601 arg1 sequence 584:591 The amino acid sequence 569:591 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd 569:601 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 5 17 theme EndoSd 596:601 arg1 identical 610:618 identical 610:618 identical 610:618 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 1 18 theme EndoS-like 155:164 arg1 enzymes 166:172 EndoS-like enzymes 155:172 EndoS-like enzymes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) 155:233 AIM The aim of this study was to identify and characterize EndoS-like enzymes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD). 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 expression 297:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 assay 392:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 sequencing 265:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 analysis 367:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 blot 316:319 lectin blot 309:319 lectin blot 309:319 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 19 dep METHODS 248:254 arg1 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 4 20 from core 542:545 arg1 IgG 564:566 IgG 564:566 IgG 564:566 EndoSd hydrolyzes the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG. 27200457 2 21 theme DNA 261:263 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 21 theme DNA 261:263 arg1 sequencing 265:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 7 22 theme IgG 809:811 arg1 activity 832:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 2 23 theme chitinase 382:390 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 23 theme chitinase 382:390 arg1 assay 392:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 5 24 contain has 652:654 arg2 sequence 676:683 a unique C-terminal sequence 656:683 a unique C-terminal sequence 656:683 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 5 24 contain has 652:654 arg1 it 649:650 it 649:650 it 649:650 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 2 25 theme lectin 309:314 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 25 theme lectin 309:314 arg1 blot 316:319 lectin blot 309:319 lectin blot 309:319 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 7 26 theme glycan 813:818 arg1 activity 832:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 4 27 from glycan 554:559 arg1 IgG 564:566 IgG 564:566 IgG 564:566 EndoSd hydrolyzes the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG. 27200457 0 28 theme IgG 11:13 arg1 enzyme 34:39 an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme 8:39 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 0:94 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 5 29 theme amino 573:577 arg1 sequence 584:591 The amino acid sequence 569:591 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd 569:601 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 5 29 theme amino 573:577 arg1 identical 610:618 identical 610:618 identical 610:618 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 2 30 theme ndoS-like 420:428 arg1 genes 430:434 ndoS-like genes 420:434 ndoS-like genes 420:434 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 6 31 theme carbohydrate 724:735 arg1 composition 737:747 the carbohydrate composition 720:747 the carbohydrate composition of the growth medium 720:768 EndoSd secretion is influenced by the carbohydrate composition of the growth medium. 27200457 2 32 theme protein 289:295 arg1 expression 297:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 32 theme protein 289:295 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 0 33 theme hydrolyzing 22:32 arg1 enzyme 34:39 an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme 8:39 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 0:94 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 4 34 theme glycan 554:559 arg1 core 542:545 the chitobiose core 527:545 the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG 527:566 EndoSd hydrolyzes the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG. 27200457 5 35 theme unique 658:663 arg1 sequence 676:683 a unique C-terminal sequence 656:683 a unique C-terminal sequence 656:683 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 expression 297:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 assay 392:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 sequencing 265:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 analysis 367:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 blot 316:319 lectin blot 309:319 lectin blot 309:319 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 36 theme MATERIALS 236:244 arg1 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 0 37 theme glycan 15:20 arg1 enzyme 34:39 an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme 8:39 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 0:94 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 5 38 theme C-terminal 665:674 arg1 sequence 676:683 a unique C-terminal sequence 656:683 a unique C-terminal sequence 656:683 The amino acid sequence of EndoSd is 70% identical to EndoS in S. pyogenes, but it has a unique C-terminal sequence. 27200457 4 39 theme chitobiose 531:540 arg1 core 542:545 the chitobiose core 527:545 the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG 527:566 EndoSd hydrolyzes the chitobiose core of the glycan on IgG. 27200457 3 40 theme SDSD 495:498 arg1 strains 500:506 four SDSD strains 490:506 four SDSD strains 490:506 RESULTS EndoSd were found in four SDSD strains. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 blot 316:319 lectin blot 309:319 lectin blot 309:319 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 expression 297:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 assay 392:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 analysis 367:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 41 used used 403:406 arg2 sequencing 265:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 42 theme high 328:331 arg1 chromatography 352:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 322:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 43 theme ultra 322:326 arg1 chromatography 352:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography 322:365 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 0 44 dep EndoSd 0:5 arg1 enzyme 34:39 an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme 8:39 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 0:94 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 1 45 theme study 116:120 arg1 aim 104:106 The aim 100:106 The aim of this study 100:120 AIM The aim of this study was to identify and characterize EndoS-like enzymes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD). 27200457 7 46 theme enzyme 924:929 arg1 EndoSd 931:936 the here identified enzyme EndoSd 904:936 the here identified enzyme EndoSd 904:936 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 7 47 from SDSD 855:858 arg1 present 844:850 present 844:850 present 844:850 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 6 48 theme growth 756:761 arg1 medium 763:768 the growth medium 752:768 the growth medium 752:768 EndoSd secretion is influenced by the carbohydrate composition of the growth medium. 27200457 0 49 theme dysgalactiae 58:69 arg1 dysgalactiae 82:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 6 50 theme EndoSd 686:691 arg1 secretion 693:701 EndoSd secretion 686:701 EndoSd secretion 686:701 EndoSd secretion is influenced by the carbohydrate composition of the growth medium. 27200457 0 51 theme Streptococcus 44:56 arg1 dysgalactiae 82:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae 44:93 EndoSd: an IgG glycan hydrolyzing enzyme in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae. 27200457 7 52 located present 844:850 arg2 activity 832:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity 809:839 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 7 52 located present 844:850 arg1 SDSD 855:858 SDSD 855:858 SDSD 855:858 CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that IgG glycan hydrolyzing activity is present in SDSD, and that the activity can be attributed to the here identified enzyme EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 expression 297:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 recombinant protein expression 277:306 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 assay 392:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 a chitinase assay 380:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 sequencing 265:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 DNA sequencing 261:274 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 analysis 367:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 blot 316:319 lectin blot 309:319 lectin blot 309:319 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 53 theme & 246:246 arg1 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 PCR 256:258 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 3 54 located found 481:485 arg2 EndoSd 469:474 EndoSd 469:474 EndoSd 469:474 RESULTS EndoSd were found in four SDSD strains. 27200457 3 54 located found 481:485 arg1 strains 500:506 four SDSD strains 490:506 four SDSD strains 490:506 RESULTS EndoSd were found in four SDSD strains. 27200457 3 54 located found 481:485 arg2 RESULTS 461:467 RESULTS 461:467 RESULTS EndoSd 461:474 RESULTS EndoSd were found in four SDSD strains. 27200457 2 55 theme chromatography 352:365 arg1 METHODS 248:254 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay 236:396 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 27200457 2 55 theme chromatography 352:365 arg1 analysis 367:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis 322:374 MATERIALS & METHODS PCR, DNA sequencing, recombinant protein expression, lectin blot, ultra high performance liquid chromatography analysis and a chitinase assay were used to identify ndoS-like genes and characterize EndoSd. 24360895 2 0 theme chitosan 436:443 arg1 membrane 445:452 neat chitosan membrane 431:452 neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa) 431:463 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 0 theme chitosan 436:443 arg1 MPa 460:462 38.5 MPa 455:462 38.5 MPa 455:462 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 1 theme wt 341:342 arg1 whisker 352:358 3 wt% chitin whisker 339:358 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 3 2 theme chitin 751:756 arg1 whisker 758:764 chitin whisker 751:764 chitin whisker 751:764 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 3 with strength 289:296 arg1 content 360:366 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 4 theme neat 431:434 arg1 membrane 445:452 neat chitosan membrane 431:452 neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa) 431:463 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 4 theme neat 431:434 arg1 MPa 460:462 38.5 MPa 455:462 38.5 MPa 455:462 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 5 5 from effect 1025:1030 arg1 michiganence 1093:1104 Corinebaterium michiganence 1078:1104 Corinebaterium michiganence respectively 1078:1117 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 5 5 from effect 1025:1030 arg1 aureus 1050:1055 Staphylococcus aureus 1035:1055 Staphylococcus aureus 1035:1055 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 5 5 from effect 1025:1030 arg1 coli 1069:1072 Escherchia coli 1058:1072 Escherchia coli 1058:1072 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 1 6 theme casting-evaporation 223:241 arg1 method 243:248 casting-evaporation method 223:248 casting-evaporation method 223:248 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 2 7 dep moisture 470:477 arg1 regain 479:484 regain 479:484 regain 479:484 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 8 theme decreasing 524:533 arg1 tendency 535:542 a decreasing tendency 522:542 a decreasing tendency 522:542 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 9 theme tensile 281:287 arg1 strength 289:296 tensile strength 281:296 tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content 281:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 3 10 theme chitosan 667:674 arg1 membrane 676:683 neat chitosan membrane 662:683 neat chitosan membrane 662:683 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 5 11 theme Corinebaterium 1078:1091 arg1 michiganence 1093:1104 Corinebaterium michiganence 1078:1104 Corinebaterium michiganence respectively 1078:1117 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 2 12 theme chitin 571:576 arg1 whisker 578:584 chitin whisker 571:584 chitin whisker 571:584 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 13 theme whisker 578:584 arg1 content 560:566 content 560:566 content of chitin whisker 560:584 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 14 theme Mechanical 251:260 arg1 testing 262:268 Mechanical testing 251:268 Mechanical testing 251:268 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 1 15 theme chitosan 151:158 arg1 membrane 160:167 the chitosan membrane 147:167 the chitosan membrane 147:167 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 4 16 dep transform 808:816 arg1 infrared 818:825 infrared 818:825 transform infrared spectroscopy 808:838 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 3 17 theme neat 662:665 arg1 membrane 676:683 neat chitosan membrane 662:683 neat chitosan membrane 662:683 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 4 18 theme compositing 905:915 arg1 processes 917:925 the compositing processes 901:925 the compositing processes 901:925 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 4 19 dep Fourier 800:806 arg1 transform 808:816 transform 808:816 transform infrared spectroscopy 808:838 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 1 20 used used 117:120 arg2 whisker 105:111 rod-like chitin whisker 89:111 rod-like chitin whisker 89:111 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 1 20 used used 117:120 arg2 filler 127:132 a filler 125:132 a filler 125:132 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 2 21 theme whisker 352:358 arg1 content 360:366 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 4 22 used used 845:848 arg2 diffraction 784:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 4 22 used used 845:848 arg2 Fourier 800:806 Fourier 800:806 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 800:838 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 5 23 theme effective 1004:1012 arg1 effect 1025:1030 effective inhibitory effect 1004:1030 effective inhibitory effect 1004:1030 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 1 24 theme rod-like 89:96 arg1 filler 127:132 a filler 125:132 a filler 125:132 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 1 24 theme rod-like 89:96 arg1 whisker 105:111 rod-like chitin whisker 89:111 rod-like chitin whisker 89:111 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 4 25 theme Wide 767:770 arg1 diffraction 784:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 5 26 theme wound 1178:1182 arg1 dressing 1184:1191 wound dressing 1178:1191 wound dressing 1178:1191 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 1 27 theme chitin 98:103 arg1 filler 127:132 a filler 125:132 a filler 125:132 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 1 27 theme chitin 98:103 arg1 whisker 105:111 rod-like chitin whisker 89:111 rod-like chitin whisker 89:111 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 0 28 theme whisker 35:41 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Structure and properties of chitin whisker reinforced chitosan membranes. 24360895 0 28 theme whisker 35:41 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and properties of chitin whisker reinforced chitosan membranes. 24360895 3 29 theme composite 689:697 arg1 membranes 699:707 composite membranes 689:707 composite membranes 689:707 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 30 dep 110.3 382:386 arg1 to 379:380 to 379:380 to 379:380 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 0 31 theme chitin 28:33 arg1 whisker 35:41 chitin whisker 28:41 chitin whisker 28:41 Structure and properties of chitin whisker reinforced chitosan membranes. 24360895 5 32 theme composite 976:984 arg1 membrane 986:993 this composite membrane 971:993 this composite membrane 971:993 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 0 33 theme chitosan 54:61 arg1 membranes 63:71 chitosan membranes 54:71 chitosan membranes 54:71 Structure and properties of chitin whisker reinforced chitosan membranes. 24360895 3 34 theme reinforce 728:736 arg1 mechanism 738:746 the reinforce mechanism 724:746 the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker 724:764 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 5 35 dep it 1136:1137 arg1 material 1151:1158 a promising material 1139:1158 it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing 1136:1191 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 4 36 theme x-ray 778:782 arg1 diffraction 784:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 4 37 theme structure 867:875 arg1 change 877:882 the structure change 863:882 the structure change before and after the compositing processes 863:925 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 2 38 theme membranes 503:511 arg1 moisture 470:477 moisture regain 470:484 moisture regain of all composite membranes 470:511 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 5 39 theme inhibitory 1014:1023 arg1 effect 1025:1030 effective inhibitory effect 1004:1030 effective inhibitory effect 1004:1030 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 4 40 theme angle 772:776 arg1 diffraction 784:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction 767:794 Wide angle x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure change before and after the compositing processes. 24360895 2 41 theme membrane 325:332 arg1 strength 289:296 tensile strength 281:296 tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content 281:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 3 42 used used 608:611 arg2 SEM 600:602 SEM 600:602 SEM 600:602 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 43 theme composite 493:501 arg1 membranes 503:511 all composite membranes 489:511 all composite membranes 489:511 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 3 44 theme whisker 758:764 arg1 mechanism 738:746 the reinforce mechanism 724:746 the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker 724:764 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 45 theme composite 315:323 arg1 membrane 325:332 the resulting composite membrane 301:332 the resulting composite membrane 301:332 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 1 46 theme composite 186:194 arg1 membranes 196:204 composite membranes 186:204 composite membranes 186:204 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 5 47 theme bacterostatic 941:953 arg1 test 955:958 the bacterostatic test 937:958 the bacterostatic test 937:958 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24360895 2 48 theme resulting 305:313 arg1 membrane 325:332 the resulting composite membrane 301:332 the resulting composite membrane 301:332 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 1 49 theme membranes 196:204 arg1 series 176:181 a series 174:181 a series of composite membranes 174:204 In this paper, rod-like chitin whisker was used as a filler to reinforce the chitosan membrane, and a series of composite membranes were prepared by casting-evaporation method. 24360895 2 50 theme chitin 345:350 arg1 whisker 352:358 3 wt% chitin whisker 339:358 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 3 51 theme morphology 632:641 arg1 difference 643:652 the morphology difference 628:652 the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes 628:707 Furthermore, SEM was used to investigate the morphology difference between neat chitosan membrane and composite membranes, to understand the reinforce mechanism of chitin whisker. 24360895 2 52 theme % 343:343 arg1 whisker 352:358 3 wt% chitin whisker 339:358 3 wt% chitin whisker content 339:366 Mechanical testing shows that tensile strength of the resulting composite membrane with 3 wt% chitin whisker content reaches up to 110.3 MPa, which is about 2.8 times than that of neat chitosan membrane (38.5 MPa), and moisture regain of all composite membranes presents a decreasing tendency with increasing content of chitin whisker. 24360895 5 53 theme promising 1141:1149 arg1 material 1151:1158 a promising material 1139:1158 it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing 1136:1191 Besides, the bacterostatic test shows that this composite membrane presents effective inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli and Corinebaterium michiganence respectively, which indicates it a promising material for packaging and wound dressing. 24594179 7 0 theme wall 1092:1095 arg1 solubilization 1097:1110 cell wall solubilization 1087:1110 cell wall solubilization 1087:1110 Polygalacturonase (PG) showed better association with cell wall solubilization at RT than the enzymes involved in arabinan or galactan disassembly. 24594179 4 1 theme phenolics 717:725 arg1 contents 699:706 higher contents 692:706 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 4 1 theme phenolics 717:725 arg1 potency 807:813 greater antioxidant potency 787:813 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 3 2 theme days 422:425 arg1 maintenance 427:437 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance 403:437 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) 403:509 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 4 3 theme hydroxycinnamic 743:757 arg1 acid-derivatives 759:774 hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives 743:774 hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives 743:774 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 1 4 theme Eriobotrya 232:241 arg1 cvs 252:254 Eriobotrya japonica cvs 232:254 Eriobotrya japonica cvs 232:254 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 0 5 theme loquat 68:73 arg1 Eriobotrya 76:85 Eriobotrya 76:85 Eriobotrya 76:85 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 0 5 theme loquat 68:73 arg1 cultivars 97:105 two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars 64:105 two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars 64:105 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 4 6 theme total 711:715 arg1 phenolics 717:725 total phenolics 711:725 total phenolics 711:725 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 6 7 theme pectin 957:962 arg1 backbones 964:972 the pectin backbones 953:972 the pectin backbones 953:972 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 1 8 theme japonica 243:250 arg1 cvs 252:254 Eriobotrya japonica cvs 232:254 Eriobotrya japonica cvs 232:254 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 3 9 theme additional 515:524 arg1 ripening 526:533 additional ripening 515:533 additional ripening 515:533 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 8 10 theme pectin 1258:1263 arg1 solubilization 1265:1278 more extensive pectin solubilization 1243:1278 more extensive pectin solubilization 1243:1278 During postharvest ripening after harvest, 'Karantoki' showed more extensive pectin solubilization than 'Morphitiki'. 24594179 7 11 theme cell 1087:1090 arg1 solubilization 1097:1110 cell wall solubilization 1087:1110 cell wall solubilization 1087:1110 Polygalacturonase (PG) showed better association with cell wall solubilization at RT than the enzymes involved in arabinan or galactan disassembly. 24594179 7 12 dep arabinan 1147:1154 arg1 disassembly 1168:1178 disassembly 1168:1178 disassembly 1168:1178 Polygalacturonase (PG) showed better association with cell wall solubilization at RT than the enzymes involved in arabinan or galactan disassembly. 24594179 4 13 theme cultivar 620:627 arg1 differences 629:639 substantial cultivar differences 608:639 substantial cultivar differences 608:639 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 9 14 theme cold 1314:1317 arg1 storage 1319:1325 cold storage 1314:1325 cold storage 1314:1325 Interestingly, cold storage inhibited the cell wall disassembly in 'Karantoki' but not in 'Morphitiki', suggesting that the cultivars may differ in their susceptibility to chilling-related wall disorders. 24594179 0 15 theme cultivars 97:105 arg1 antioxidants 23:34 antioxidants 23:34 antioxidants 23:34 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 0 15 theme cultivars 97:105 arg1 content 14:20 Phytochemical content 0:20 Phytochemical content 0:20 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 0 15 theme cultivars 97:105 arg1 metabolism 50:59 cell wall metabolism 40:59 cell wall metabolism 40:59 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 4 16 theme higher 692:697 arg1 contents 699:706 higher contents 692:706 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 1 17 from Changes 140:146 arg1 content 174:180 phytochemical content 160:180 phytochemical content 160:180 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 1 17 from Changes 140:146 arg1 metabolism 196:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 1 17 from Changes 140:146 arg1 quality 151:157 quality 151:157 quality 151:157 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 6 18 theme Greater 920:926 arg1 changes 928:934 Greater changes 920:934 Greater changes 920:934 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 0 19 theme wall 45:48 arg1 metabolism 50:59 cell wall metabolism 40:59 cell wall metabolism 40:59 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 6 20 theme side 994:997 arg1 chains 999:1004 polyuronide side chains 982:1004 polyuronide side chains 982:1004 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 0 21 dep Eriobotrya 76:85 arg1 japonica 87:94 Eriobotrya japonica 76:94 Eriobotrya japonica 76:94 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 1 22 theme phytochemical 160:172 arg1 content 174:180 phytochemical content 160:180 phytochemical content 160:180 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 6 23 located observed 941:948 arg1 chains 999:1004 polyuronide side chains 982:1004 polyuronide side chains 982:1004 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 6 23 located observed 941:948 arg2 changes 928:934 Greater changes 920:934 Greater changes 920:934 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 6 23 located observed 941:948 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 cross-linking glycans 1010:1030 cross-linking glycans 1010:1030 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 6 23 located observed 941:948 arg1 backbones 964:972 the pectin backbones 953:972 the pectin backbones 953:972 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 8 24 theme extensive 1248:1256 arg1 solubilization 1265:1278 more extensive pectin solubilization 1243:1278 more extensive pectin solubilization 1243:1278 During postharvest ripening after harvest, 'Karantoki' showed more extensive pectin solubilization than 'Morphitiki'. 24594179 3 25 from 4°C 506:508 arg1 maintenance 427:437 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance 403:437 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) 403:509 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 3 25 from 4°C 506:508 arg1 ripening 526:533 additional ripening 515:533 additional ripening 515:533 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 0 26 theme Phytochemical 0:12 arg1 content 14:20 Phytochemical content 0:20 Phytochemical content 0:20 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 3 27 dep maintenance 427:437 arg1 days 498:501 14 days 495:501 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) 403:509 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 9 28 theme cell 1341:1344 arg1 disassembly 1351:1361 the cell wall disassembly 1337:1361 the cell wall disassembly 1337:1361 Interestingly, cold storage inhibited the cell wall disassembly in 'Karantoki' but not in 'Morphitiki', suggesting that the cultivars may differ in their susceptibility to chilling-related wall disorders. 24594179 8 29 theme postharvest 1188:1198 arg1 ripening 1200:1207 postharvest ripening 1188:1207 postharvest ripening after harvest 1188:1221 During postharvest ripening after harvest, 'Karantoki' showed more extensive pectin solubilization than 'Morphitiki'. 24594179 0 30 theme different 113:121 arg1 regimes 131:137 different storage regimes 113:137 different storage regimes 113:137 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 5 31 theme extensive 898:906 arg1 remodeling 908:917 extensive remodeling 898:917 extensive remodeling 898:917 Although firmness did not change markedly during storage, the cell wall exhibited extensive remodeling. 24594179 4 32 theme substantial 608:618 arg1 differences 629:639 substantial cultivar differences 608:639 substantial cultivar differences 608:639 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 5 33 theme cell 878:881 arg1 wall 883:886 the cell wall 874:886 the cell wall 874:886 Although firmness did not change markedly during storage, the cell wall exhibited extensive remodeling. 24594179 1 34 theme cell 186:189 arg1 metabolism 196:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 4 35 theme Compositional 576:588 arg1 analysis 590:597 Compositional analysis 576:597 Compositional analysis 576:597 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 3 36 dep RT 460:461 arg1 20°C 466:469 ∼ 20°C 464:469 ∼ 20°C 464:469 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 1 37 dep cultivars 221:229 arg1 cvs 252:254 Eriobotrya japonica cvs 232:254 Eriobotrya japonica cvs 232:254 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 6 38 theme cross-linking 1010:1022 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 cross-linking glycans 1010:1030 cross-linking glycans 1010:1030 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 1 39 theme wall 191:194 arg1 metabolism 196:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 0 40 theme cell 40:43 arg1 metabolism 50:59 cell wall metabolism 40:59 cell wall metabolism 40:59 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 4 41 theme antioxidant 795:805 arg1 potency 807:813 greater antioxidant potency 787:813 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 4 42 theme greater 787:793 arg1 potency 807:813 greater antioxidant potency 787:813 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 10 43 theme temperature-induced 1508:1526 arg1 alterations 1528:1538 Low temperature-induced alterations 1504:1538 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly 1504:1558 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly may impact juice and phytochemical release upon consumption. 24594179 10 44 theme wall 1543:1546 arg1 disassembly 1548:1558 wall disassembly 1543:1558 wall disassembly 1543:1558 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly may impact juice and phytochemical release upon consumption. 24594179 0 45 theme storage 123:129 arg1 regimes 131:137 different storage regimes 113:137 different storage regimes 113:137 Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars under different storage regimes. 24594179 7 46 with association 1070:1080 arg1 solubilization 1097:1110 cell wall solubilization 1087:1110 cell wall solubilization 1087:1110 Polygalacturonase (PG) showed better association with cell wall solubilization at RT than the enzymes involved in arabinan or galactan disassembly. 24594179 10 47 from alterations 1528:1538 arg1 disassembly 1548:1558 wall disassembly 1543:1558 wall disassembly 1543:1558 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly may impact juice and phytochemical release upon consumption. 24594179 3 48 theme commercial 358:367 arg1 stage 378:382 commercial maturity stage 358:382 commercial maturity stage 358:382 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 4 49 theme flavonoids 728:737 arg1 contents 699:706 higher contents 692:706 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 4 49 theme flavonoids 728:737 arg1 potency 807:813 greater antioxidant potency 787:813 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 10 50 dep juice 1571:1575 arg1 release 1595:1601 release 1595:1601 release 1595:1601 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly may impact juice and phytochemical release upon consumption. 24594179 9 51 theme chilling-related 1471:1486 arg1 disorders 1493:1501 chilling-related wall disorders 1471:1501 chilling-related wall disorders 1471:1501 Interestingly, cold storage inhibited the cell wall disassembly in 'Karantoki' but not in 'Morphitiki', suggesting that the cultivars may differ in their susceptibility to chilling-related wall disorders. 24594179 3 52 theme maturity 369:376 arg1 stage 378:382 commercial maturity stage 358:382 commercial maturity stage 358:382 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 3 53 theme cold 481:484 arg1 storage 486:492 cold storage 481:492 cold storage 481:492 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 2 54 theme storage 300:306 arg1 regimes 308:314 different storage regimes 290:314 different storage regimes 290:314 'Morphitiki', 'Karantoki') under different storage regimes were studied. 24594179 10 55 theme Low 1504:1506 arg1 alterations 1528:1538 Low temperature-induced alterations 1504:1538 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly 1504:1558 Low temperature-induced alterations in wall disassembly may impact juice and phytochemical release upon consumption. 24594179 9 56 theme wall 1488:1491 arg1 disorders 1493:1501 chilling-related wall disorders 1471:1501 chilling-related wall disorders 1471:1501 Interestingly, cold storage inhibited the cell wall disassembly in 'Karantoki' but not in 'Morphitiki', suggesting that the cultivars may differ in their susceptibility to chilling-related wall disorders. 24594179 4 57 theme Morphitiki 647:656 arg1 fruit 659:663 the 'Morphitiki' fruit 642:663 the 'Morphitiki' fruit 642:663 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 4 57 theme Morphitiki 647:656 arg1 acidic 674:679 acidic 674:679 acidic 674:679 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 2 58 theme different 290:298 arg1 regimes 308:314 different storage regimes 290:314 different storage regimes 290:314 'Morphitiki', 'Karantoki') under different storage regimes were studied. 24594179 4 59 theme acid-derivatives 759:774 arg1 contents 699:706 higher contents 692:706 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 4 59 theme acid-derivatives 759:774 arg1 potency 807:813 greater antioxidant potency 787:813 higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency 692:813 Compositional analysis revealed substantial cultivar differences; the 'Morphitiki' fruit was more acidic and showed higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid-derivatives as well as greater antioxidant potency. 24594179 6 60 theme polyuronide 982:992 arg1 chains 999:1004 polyuronide side chains 982:1004 polyuronide side chains 982:1004 Greater changes were observed in the pectin backbones than in polyuronide side chains and cross-linking glycans. 24594179 1 61 theme loquat 214:219 arg1 cultivars 221:229 two loquat cultivars 210:229 two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs 210:254 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 9 62 theme wall 1346:1349 arg1 disassembly 1351:1361 the cell wall disassembly 1337:1361 the cell wall disassembly 1337:1361 Interestingly, cold storage inhibited the cell wall disassembly in 'Karantoki' but not in 'Morphitiki', suggesting that the cultivars may differ in their susceptibility to chilling-related wall disorders. 24594179 2 63 dep Morphitiki 258:267 arg1 Karantoki 272:280 Karantoki 272:280 Karantoki 272:280 'Morphitiki', 'Karantoki') under different storage regimes were studied. 24594179 1 64 theme cultivars 221:229 arg1 content 174:180 phytochemical content 160:180 phytochemical content 160:180 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 1 64 theme cultivars 221:229 arg1 metabolism 196:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 cell wall metabolism 186:205 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 1 64 theme cultivars 221:229 arg1 quality 151:157 quality 151:157 quality 151:157 Changes in quality, phytochemical content and cell wall metabolism of two loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica cvs. 24594179 7 65 theme better 1063:1068 arg1 association 1070:1080 better association 1063:1080 better association with cell wall solubilization 1063:1110 Polygalacturonase (PG) showed better association with cell wall solubilization at RT than the enzymes involved in arabinan or galactan disassembly. 24594179 3 66 theme room 442:445 arg1 RT 460:461 RT 460:461 RT 460:461 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 3 66 theme room 442:445 arg1 temperature 447:457 room temperature 442:457 room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) 442:470 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 3 67 from temperature 447:457 arg1 maintenance 427:437 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance 403:437 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) 403:509 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 24594179 3 67 from temperature 447:457 arg1 ripening 526:533 additional ripening 515:533 additional ripening 515:533 The fruit were harvested at commercial maturity stage and analyzed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 days maintenance at room temperature (RT, ∼ 20°C) or after cold storage (14 days at 4°C) and additional ripening at RT for 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. 25838171 0 0 theme cultured 93:100 arg1 products 102:109 cultured products 93:109 cultured products 93:109 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 8 1 theme scavenging 1036:1045 arg1 DPPH• 1047:1051 higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities 1029:1073 DPPH• 1047:1051 SP and CMP showed higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities and reducing power among four polysaccharides. 25838171 1 2 theme Chinese 168:174 arg1 mellea 144:149 Armillaria mellea 133:149 Armillaria mellea 133:149 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 1 2 theme Chinese 168:174 arg1 medicinal 176:184 a traditional Chinese medicinal 154:184 a traditional Chinese medicinal 154:184 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 5 3 theme antioxidant 758:768 arg1 activities 770:779 antioxidant activities 758:779 antioxidant activities 758:779 Their yields, carbohydrate contents, monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR spectra, NMR spectroscopy and antioxidant activities were investigated. 25838171 5 4 theme FT-IR 722:726 arg1 spectra 728:734 FT-IR spectra 722:734 FT-IR spectra 722:734 Their yields, carbohydrate contents, monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR spectra, NMR spectroscopy and antioxidant activities were investigated. 25838171 8 5 theme higher 1029:1034 arg1 DPPH• 1047:1051 higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities 1029:1073 DPPH• 1047:1051 SP and CMP showed higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities and reducing power among four polysaccharides. 25838171 3 6 theme chemical 370:377 arg1 components-polysaccharides-may 379:408 the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may 350:408 the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may 350:408 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 7 7 theme dominant 978:985 arg1 monosaccharide 987:1000 the dominant monosaccharide 974:1000 the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP 974:1008 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 7 7 theme dominant 978:985 arg1 galactose 960:968 galactose 960:968 galactose 960:968 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 9 8 from influences 1198:1207 arg1 activities 1228:1237 the antioxidant activities 1212:1237 the antioxidant activities 1212:1237 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 3 9 theme components-polysaccharides-may 379:408 arg1 activities 336:345 activities 336:345 activities 336:345 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 3 9 theme components-polysaccharides-may 379:408 arg1 composition 320:330 chemical composition 311:330 chemical composition 311:330 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 5 10 theme carbohydrate 670:681 arg1 contents 683:690 carbohydrate contents 670:690 carbohydrate contents 670:690 Their yields, carbohydrate contents, monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR spectra, NMR spectroscopy and antioxidant activities were investigated. 25838171 2 11 theme recent 293:298 arg1 years 300:304 recent years 293:304 recent years 293:304 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 2 12 used used 253:256 arg2 products 221:228 Many cultured products 207:228 Many cultured products of A. mellea 207:241 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 4 13 theme fermentation 597:608 arg1 broth 610:614 fermentation broth 597:614 fermentation broth 597:614 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 0 14 theme mellea 125:130 arg1 sporophores 77:87 sporophores 77:87 sporophores 77:87 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 0 14 theme mellea 125:130 arg1 products 102:109 cultured products 93:109 cultured products 93:109 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 10 15 theme potential 1354:1362 arg1 antioxidants 1372:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 10 15 theme potential 1354:1362 arg1 polysaccharides 1334:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 11 16 theme dietary 1514:1520 arg1 supplements 1522:1532 dietary supplements 1514:1532 dietary supplements 1514:1532 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 25838171 7 17 from monosaccharide 987:1000 arg1 CFBP 1005:1008 CFBP 1005:1008 CFBP 1005:1008 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 0 18 theme Armillaria 114:123 arg1 mellea 125:130 Armillaria mellea 114:130 Armillaria mellea 114:130 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 11 19 from products 1416:1423 arg1 mycelia 1437:1443 mycelia 1437:1443 especially mycelia 1426:1443 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 25838171 11 19 from products 1416:1423 arg1 Polysaccharides 1386:1400 Polysaccharides 1386:1400 Polysaccharides from cultured products 1386:1423 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 25838171 8 20 theme ABTS•+ 1057:1062 arg1 activities 1064:1073 higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities 1029:1073 activities 1064:1073 SP and CMP showed higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities and reducing power among four polysaccharides. 25838171 7 21 from monosaccharide 916:929 arg1 SP 934:935 SP 934:935 SP 934:935 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 7 21 from monosaccharide 916:929 arg1 CFMP 946:949 CFMP 946:949 CFMP 946:949 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 7 21 from monosaccharide 916:929 arg1 CMP 938:940 CMP 938:940 CMP 938:940 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 1 22 theme edible 190:195 arg1 mushroom 197:204 edible mushroom 190:204 edible mushroom 190:204 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 8 23 theme reducing 1079:1086 arg1 power 1088:1092 reducing power 1079:1092 reducing power among four polysaccharides 1079:1119 SP and CMP showed higher scavenging DPPH• and ABTS•+ activities and reducing power among four polysaccharides. 25838171 10 24 theme mellea 1327:1332 arg1 antioxidants 1372:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 10 24 theme mellea 1327:1332 arg1 polysaccharides 1334:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 0 25 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 compositions 9:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 0 26 from products 102:109 arg1 compositions 9:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 0 26 from products 102:109 arg1 activities 38:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 9 27 theme corresponding 1252:1264 arg1 influences 1312:1321 negative influences 1303:1321 negative influences 1303:1321 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 9 27 theme corresponding 1252:1264 arg1 xylose 1266:1271 the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage 1248:1296 xylose 1266:1271 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 10 28 theme A. 1324:1325 arg1 antioxidants 1372:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 10 28 theme A. 1324:1325 arg1 polysaccharides 1334:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 11 29 theme food 1538:1541 arg1 industries 1543:1552 food industries 1538:1552 food industries 1538:1552 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 25838171 0 30 theme antioxidant 26:36 arg1 activities 38:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 4 31 theme cultured 559:566 arg1 products 568:575 cultured products 559:575 cultured products 559:575 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 31 theme cultured 559:566 arg1 mycelia 588:594 mycelia 588:594 mycelia 588:594 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 31 theme cultured 559:566 arg1 broth 610:614 fermentation broth 597:614 fermentation broth 597:614 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 31 theme cultured 559:566 arg1 mixture 633:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 11 32 dep good 1450:1453 arg1 substitutes 1455:1465 substitutes 1455:1465 substitutes 1455:1465 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 25838171 0 33 dep sporophores 77:87 arg1 the 73:75 the 73:75 the 73:75 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 11 34 theme cultured 1407:1414 arg1 products 1416:1423 cultured products 1407:1423 cultured products 1407:1423 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 25838171 4 35 dep polysaccharides 478:492 arg1 CFBP 504:507 CFBP 504:507 CFBP 504:507 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 35 dep polysaccharides 478:492 arg1 CMP 499:501 CMP 499:501 CMP 499:501 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 35 dep polysaccharides 478:492 arg1 SP 495:496 SP 495:496 SP 495:496 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 35 dep polysaccharides 478:492 arg1 polysaccharides 478:492 Four polysaccharides 473:492 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) 473:517 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 35 dep polysaccharides 478:492 arg1 CFMP 513:516 CFMP 513:516 CFMP 513:516 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 3 36 dep composition 320:330 arg1 The 307:309 The 307:309 The 307:309 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 3 37 theme major 354:358 arg1 components-polysaccharides-may 379:408 the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may 350:408 the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may 350:408 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 9 38 theme carbohydrate 1126:1137 arg1 influences 1198:1207 positive influences 1189:1207 positive influences on the antioxidant activities 1189:1237 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 9 38 theme carbohydrate 1126:1137 arg1 content 1139:1145 The carbohydrate content 1122:1145 The carbohydrate content 1122:1145 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 9 39 theme galactose 1277:1285 arg1 percentage 1287:1296 the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage 1248:1296 percentage 1287:1296 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 4 40 theme mellea 648:653 arg1 sporophores 543:553 wild sporophores 538:553 wild sporophores 538:553 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 40 theme mellea 648:653 arg1 products 568:575 cultured products 559:575 cultured products 559:575 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 40 theme mellea 648:653 arg1 mycelia 588:594 mycelia 588:594 mycelia 588:594 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 40 theme mellea 648:653 arg1 broth 610:614 fermentation broth 597:614 fermentation broth 597:614 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 40 theme mellea 648:653 arg1 mixture 633:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 10 41 theme natural 1364:1370 arg1 antioxidants 1372:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 potential natural antioxidants 1354:1383 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 10 41 theme natural 1364:1370 arg1 polysaccharides 1334:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides 1324:1348 A. mellea polysaccharides are potential natural antioxidants. 25838171 3 42 theme raw 453:455 arg1 materials 457:465 the raw materials 449:465 the raw materials used 449:470 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 4 43 theme wild 538:541 arg1 sporophores 543:553 wild sporophores 538:553 wild sporophores 538:553 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 43 theme wild 538:541 arg1 mycelia 588:594 mycelia 588:594 mycelia 588:594 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 43 theme wild 538:541 arg1 broth 610:614 fermentation broth 597:614 fermentation broth 597:614 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 4 43 theme wild 538:541 arg1 mixture 633:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 0 44 from sporophores 77:87 arg1 compositions 9:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 0 44 from sporophores 77:87 arg1 activities 38:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 3 45 theme bioactive 360:368 arg1 components-polysaccharides-may 379:408 the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may 350:408 the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may 350:408 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 5 46 theme NMR 737:739 arg1 spectroscopy 741:752 NMR spectroscopy 737:752 NMR spectroscopy 737:752 Their yields, carbohydrate contents, monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR spectra, NMR spectroscopy and antioxidant activities were investigated. 25838171 3 47 theme chemical 311:318 arg1 composition 320:330 chemical composition 311:330 chemical composition 311:330 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 2 48 theme mellea 236:241 arg1 products 221:228 Many cultured products 207:228 Many cultured products of A. mellea 207:241 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 9 49 theme corresponding 1151:1163 arg1 percentage 1173:1182 corresponding glucose percentage 1151:1182 corresponding glucose percentage 1151:1182 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 0 50 theme polysaccharides 52:66 arg1 compositions 9:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions 0:20 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 0 50 theme polysaccharides 52:66 arg1 activities 38:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 antioxidant activities 26:47 Chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the sporophores and cultured products of Armillaria mellea. 25838171 9 51 theme negative 1303:1310 arg1 influences 1312:1321 negative influences 1303:1321 negative influences 1303:1321 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 9 51 theme negative 1303:1310 arg1 xylose 1266:1271 the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage 1248:1296 xylose 1266:1271 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 2 52 theme A. 233:234 arg1 mellea 236:241 A. mellea 233:241 A. mellea 233:241 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 9 53 theme glucose 1165:1171 arg1 percentage 1173:1182 corresponding glucose percentage 1151:1182 corresponding glucose percentage 1151:1182 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 1 54 theme Armillaria 133:142 arg1 mellea 144:149 Armillaria mellea 133:149 Armillaria mellea 133:149 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 1 54 theme Armillaria 133:142 arg1 medicinal 176:184 a traditional Chinese medicinal 154:184 a traditional Chinese medicinal 154:184 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 5 55 theme monosaccharide 693:706 arg1 compositions 708:719 monosaccharide compositions 693:719 monosaccharide compositions 693:719 Their yields, carbohydrate contents, monosaccharide compositions, FT-IR spectra, NMR spectroscopy and antioxidant activities were investigated. 25838171 2 56 theme commercial 269:278 arg1 medicines 280:288 commercial medicines 269:288 commercial medicines 269:288 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 9 57 theme antioxidant 1216:1226 arg1 activities 1228:1237 the antioxidant activities 1212:1237 the antioxidant activities 1212:1237 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 4 58 theme fermentation 620:631 arg1 mixture 633:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 fermentation mixture 620:639 Four polysaccharides (SP, CMP, CFBP and CFMP) were obtained from wild sporophores and cultured products (including mycelia, fermentation broth and fermentation mixture) of A. mellea. 25838171 2 59 theme cultured 212:219 arg1 products 221:228 Many cultured products 207:228 Many cultured products of A. mellea 207:241 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 2 60 theme Many 207:210 arg1 products 221:228 Many cultured products 207:228 Many cultured products of A. mellea 207:241 Many cultured products of A. mellea have been used to develop commercial medicines in recent years. 25838171 9 61 theme positive 1189:1196 arg1 influences 1198:1207 positive influences 1189:1207 positive influences on the antioxidant activities 1189:1237 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 9 61 theme positive 1189:1196 arg1 content 1139:1145 The carbohydrate content 1122:1145 The carbohydrate content 1122:1145 The carbohydrate content and corresponding glucose percentage were positive influences on the antioxidant activities, whereas the corresponding xylose and galactose percentage were negative influences. 25838171 3 62 from differences 434:444 arg1 materials 457:465 the raw materials 449:465 the raw materials used 449:470 The chemical composition and activities of the major bioactive chemical components-polysaccharides-may be different because of differences in the raw materials used. 25838171 1 63 theme traditional 156:166 arg1 mellea 144:149 Armillaria mellea 133:149 Armillaria mellea 133:149 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 1 63 theme traditional 156:166 arg1 medicinal 176:184 a traditional Chinese medicinal 154:184 a traditional Chinese medicinal 154:184 Armillaria mellea is a traditional Chinese medicinal and edible mushroom. 25838171 7 64 theme dominant 907:914 arg1 monosaccharide 916:929 the dominant monosaccharide 903:929 the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP 903:949 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 7 64 theme dominant 907:914 arg1 Glucose 891:897 Glucose 891:897 Glucose 891:897 Glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in SP, CMP and CFMP, whereas galactose was the dominant monosaccharide in CFBP. 25838171 11 65 theme potential 1487:1495 arg1 sources 1497:1503 potential sources 1487:1503 potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries 1487:1552 Polysaccharides from cultured products, especially mycelia, are good substitutes for SP and are also potential sources for both dietary supplements and food industries. 28912268 5 0 theme variable 771:778 arg1 O-acetylation 780:792 variable O-acetylation 771:792 variable O-acetylation 771:792 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 6 1 theme WTA 923:925 arg1 constitution 907:918 constitution 907:918 constitution of WTA 907:925 Notably, SPR analysis indicated that constitution of WTA determines the recognition by bacteriophage endolysins. 28912268 2 2 theme structural 332:341 arg1 elucidation 343:353 structural elucidation 332:353 structural elucidation of WTAs 332:361 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 2 3 from advances 303:310 arg1 analysis 322:329 glycan analysis 315:329 glycan analysis 315:329 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 1 4 theme key 230:232 arg1 roles 234:238 key roles 230:238 key roles 230:238 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 7 5 theme WTAs 1160:1163 arg1 relationship 1144:1155 the structure-function relationship 1121:1155 the structure-function relationship of WTAs 1121:1163 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 3 6 theme NMR 536:538 arg1 combination 432:442 a combination 430:442 a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR 430:538 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 3 7 theme structural 557:566 arg1 complexity 568:577 the structural complexity 553:577 the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species 553:607 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 3 8 from complexity 568:577 arg1 species 601:607 Listeria species 592:607 Listeria species 592:607 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 7 9 from studies 1110:1116 arg1 relationship 1144:1155 the structure-function relationship 1121:1155 the structure-function relationship of WTAs 1121:1163 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 5 10 theme ribitol 738:744 arg1 connectivity 746:757 ribitol connectivity 738:757 ribitol connectivity 738:757 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 4 11 theme repeating 698:706 arg1 units 708:712 repeating units 698:712 repeating units 698:712 We unveiled more than 10 different types of WTA polymers that vary in their linkage and repeating units. 28912268 3 12 theme ultra-performance 447:463 arg1 ionization 508:517 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR 447:538 ionization 508:517 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 1 13 theme Wall 74:77 arg1 acids 88:92 Wall teichoic acids 74:92 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) 74:99 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 13 theme Wall 74:77 arg1 glycopolymers 123:135 the most abundant glycopolymers 105:135 the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 105:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 13 theme Wall 74:77 arg1 WTAs 95:98 WTAs 95:98 WTAs 95:98 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 14 theme cell 150:153 arg1 wall 155:158 the cell wall 146:158 the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 146:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 5 15 theme GlcNAc 815:820 arg1 glycosylation 798:810 glycosylation 798:810 glycosylation of GlcNAc 798:820 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 5 15 theme GlcNAc 815:820 arg1 Disparity 715:723 Disparity 715:723 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation 715:792 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 1 16 located found 137:141 arg1 wall 155:158 the cell wall 146:158 the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 146:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 16 located found 137:141 arg2 glycopolymers 123:135 the most abundant glycopolymers 105:135 the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 105:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 16 located found 137:141 arg2 acids 88:92 Wall teichoic acids 74:92 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) 74:99 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 17 theme teichoic 79:86 arg1 acids 88:92 Wall teichoic acids 74:92 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) 74:99 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 17 theme teichoic 79:86 arg1 glycopolymers 123:135 the most abundant glycopolymers 105:135 the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 105:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 17 theme teichoic 79:86 arg1 WTAs 95:98 WTAs 95:98 WTAs 95:98 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 4 18 theme polymers 658:665 arg1 types 645:649 more than 10 different types 622:649 more than 10 different types of WTA polymers that vary in their linkage and repeating units 622:712 We unveiled more than 10 different types of WTA polymers that vary in their linkage and repeating units. 28912268 0 19 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 diversity 26:34 Structural and functional diversity 0:34 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 0:72 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 1 20 theme multiple 243:250 arg1 processes 263:271 multiple biological processes 243:271 multiple biological processes 243:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 7 21 theme structure-function 1125:1142 arg1 relationship 1144:1155 the structure-function relationship 1121:1155 the structure-function relationship of WTAs 1121:1163 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 2 22 theme technological 289:301 arg1 advances 303:310 recent technological advances 282:310 recent technological advances in glycan analysis 282:329 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 3 23 from species 601:607 arg1 WTAs 582:585 WTAs 582:585 WTAs from Listeria species 582:607 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 3 23 from species 601:607 arg1 complexity 568:577 the structural complexity 553:577 the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species 553:607 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 1 24 theme biological 252:261 arg1 processes 263:271 multiple biological processes 243:271 multiple biological processes 243:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 2 25 theme recent 282:287 arg1 advances 303:310 recent technological advances 282:310 recent technological advances in glycan analysis 282:329 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 1 26 theme many 163:166 arg1 bacteria 182:189 many Gram-positive bacteria 163:189 many Gram-positive bacteria 163:189 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 0 27 theme functional 15:24 arg1 diversity 26:34 Structural and functional diversity 0:34 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 0:72 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 6 28 theme SPR 879:881 arg1 analysis 883:890 SPR analysis 879:890 SPR analysis 879:890 Notably, SPR analysis indicated that constitution of WTA determines the recognition by bacteriophage endolysins. 28912268 3 29 theme WTAs 582:585 arg1 complexity 568:577 the structural complexity 553:577 the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species 553:607 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 1 30 theme Gram-positive 168:180 arg1 bacteria 182:189 many Gram-positive bacteria 163:189 many Gram-positive bacteria 163:189 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 0 31 theme Listeria 39:46 arg1 acids 67:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 2 32 theme complex 396:402 arg1 nature 404:409 their complex nature 390:409 their complex nature 390:409 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 1 33 theme bacteria 182:189 arg1 wall 155:158 the cell wall 146:158 the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 146:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 7 34 theme further 1102:1108 arg1 studies 1110:1116 further studies 1102:1116 further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs 1102:1163 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 4 35 theme different 635:643 arg1 types 645:649 more than 10 different types 622:649 more than 10 different types of WTA polymers that vary in their linkage and repeating units 622:712 We unveiled more than 10 different types of WTA polymers that vary in their linkage and repeating units. 28912268 7 36 theme cell 1051:1054 arg1 carbohydrates 1072:1084 Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1042:1084 Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1042:1084 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 4 37 theme WTA 654:656 arg1 polymers 658:665 WTA polymers 654:665 WTA polymers 654:665 We unveiled more than 10 different types of WTA polymers that vary in their linkage and repeating units. 28912268 0 38 theme wall 53:56 arg1 acids 67:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 6 39 theme bacteriophage 957:969 arg1 endolysins 971:980 bacteriophage endolysins 957:980 bacteriophage endolysins 957:980 Notably, SPR analysis indicated that constitution of WTA determines the recognition by bacteriophage endolysins. 28912268 5 40 dep connectivity 746:757 arg1 GlcNAc 728:733 GlcNAc 728:733 GlcNAc 728:733 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 7 41 theme wall-associated 1056:1070 arg1 carbohydrates 1072:1084 Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1042:1084 Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1042:1084 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 3 42 theme electrospray 495:506 arg1 ionization 508:517 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR 447:538 ionization 508:517 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 0 43 theme cell 48:51 arg1 acids 67:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 3 44 theme liquid 465:470 arg1 ionization 508:517 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR 447:538 ionization 508:517 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 3 45 theme ionization 508:517 arg1 combination 432:442 a combination 430:442 a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR 430:538 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 1 46 theme abundant 114:121 arg1 glycopolymers 123:135 the most abundant glycopolymers 105:135 the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes 105:271 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 1 46 theme abundant 114:121 arg1 acids 88:92 Wall teichoic acids 74:92 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) 74:99 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 7 47 theme Listeria 1042:1049 arg1 carbohydrates 1072:1084 Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1042:1084 Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1042:1084 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 2 48 theme glycan 315:320 arg1 analysis 322:329 glycan analysis 315:329 glycan analysis 315:329 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 3 49 dep ionization 508:517 arg1 tandem-MS/MS 519:530 tandem-MS/MS 519:530 tandem-MS/MS 519:530 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 7 50 theme detailed 1020:1027 arg1 insight 1029:1035 detailed insight 1020:1035 detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates 1020:1084 Collectively, these findings provide detailed insight into Listeria cell wall-associated carbohydrates, and will guide further studies on the structure-function relationship of WTAs. 28912268 3 51 theme chromatography-coupled 472:493 arg1 ionization 508:517 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR 447:538 ionization 508:517 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 28912268 1 52 theme diverse 198:204 arg1 structures 214:223 structures 214:223 structures 214:223 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 5 53 theme WTAs 864:867 arg1 diversity 851:859 the structural diversity 836:859 the structural diversity of WTAs 836:867 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 5 54 theme structural 840:849 arg1 diversity 851:859 the structural diversity 836:859 the structural diversity of WTAs 836:867 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 2 55 theme WTAs 358:361 arg1 elucidation 343:353 structural elucidation 332:353 structural elucidation of WTAs 332:361 Despite recent technological advances in glycan analysis, structural elucidation of WTAs remains challenging due to their complex nature. 28912268 1 56 theme surface 206:212 arg1 structures 214:223 structures 214:223 structures 214:223 Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are the most abundant glycopolymers found on the cell wall of many Gram-positive bacteria, whose diverse surface structures play key roles in multiple biological processes. 28912268 0 57 theme teichoic 58:65 arg1 acids 67:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 0 58 from diversity 26:34 arg1 acids 67:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Listeria cell wall teichoic acids 39:71 Structural and functional diversity in Listeria cell wall teichoic acids. 28912268 5 59 gly glycosylation 798:810 arg1 WTAs 864:867 WTAs 864:867 WTAs 864:867 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 5 59 gly glycosylation 798:810 arg1 GlcNAc 815:820 GlcNAc 815:820 GlcNAc 815:820 Disparity in GlcNAc to ribitol connectivity, as well as variable O-acetylation and glycosylation of GlcNAc contribute to the structural diversity of WTAs. 28912268 3 60 theme Listeria 592:599 arg1 species 601:607 Listeria species 592:607 Listeria species 592:607 Here, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-coupled electrospray ionization tandem-MS/MS and NMR to determine the structural complexity of WTAs from Listeria species. 24606938 3 0 theme polar 633:637 arg1 residues 639:646 five polar residues 628:646 five polar residues 628:646 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 6 1 theme protein 1195:1201 arg1 structure 1203:1211 the local protein structure 1185:1211 the local protein structure 1185:1211 N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. 24606938 6 2 theme structure 1203:1211 arg1 integrity 1172:1180 the integrity 1168:1180 the integrity of the local protein structure 1168:1211 N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. 24606938 2 3 theme flexible 350:357 arg1 docking 399:405 backbone perturbation docking 377:405 backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock) 377:415 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 3 theme flexible 350:357 arg1 approach 367:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 1 4 theme envelope 232:239 arg1 gp120 249:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 0 5 theme binding 83:89 arg1 energetics 51:60 the energetics 47:60 the energetics of glycan-cyanovirin binding 47:89 A flexible docking scheme efficiently captures the energetics of glycan-cyanovirin binding. 24606938 6 6 theme local 1189:1193 arg1 structure 1203:1211 the local protein structure 1185:1211 the local protein structure 1185:1211 N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. 24606938 2 7 theme inexpensive 338:348 arg1 docking 399:405 backbone perturbation docking 377:405 backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock) 377:415 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 7 theme inexpensive 338:348 arg1 approach 367:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 1 8 theme protein 241:247 arg1 gp120 249:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 12 9 theme novel 1885:1889 arg1 mutants 1891:1897 novel mutants 1885:1897 novel mutants with enhanced binding properties 1885:1930 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 3 10 with dimannose 495:503 arg1 affinity 515:522 high affinity 510:522 high affinity 510:522 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 5 11 theme energy 962:967 arg1 scores 969:974 binding energy scores 954:974 binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 954:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 5 12 theme E41A/G 895:900 arg1 mutations 911:919 the E41A/G and T57A mutations 891:919 the E41A/G and T57A mutations 891:919 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 10 13 theme micromolar 1600:1609 arg1 range 1611:1615 the low micromolar range 1592:1615 the low micromolar range 1592:1615 N53S showed a binding constant in the low micromolar range, similar to that observed for P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 3 14 theme small 651:655 arg1 chains 671:676 small nonpolar side chains 651:676 small nonpolar side chains 651:676 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 4 15 theme single-point 808:819 arg1 models 832:837 single-point CVN mutant models 808:837 single-point CVN mutant models 808:837 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 1 16 gly glycosylated 219:230 arg1 gp120 249:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 3 17 theme domain 532:537 arg1 B 539:539 domain B 532:539 domain B 532:539 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 5 18 theme simulations 864:874 arg1 Analysis 840:847 Analysis 840:847 Analysis of the docking simulations 840:874 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 3 19 theme nonpolar 657:664 arg1 chains 671:676 small nonpolar side chains 651:676 small nonpolar side chains 651:676 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 12 20 theme binding 1776:1782 arg1 pattern 1793:1799 the relative binding affinity pattern 1763:1799 the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants 1763:1829 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 3 21 theme high 510:513 arg1 affinity 515:522 high affinity 510:522 high affinity 510:522 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 1 22 theme agents 170:175 arg1 class 151:155 a class 149:155 a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 149:253 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 12 23 theme silico-designed 1807:1821 arg1 mutants 1823:1829 silico-designed mutants 1807:1829 silico-designed mutants 1807:1829 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 6 24 dep CVN 1142:1144 arg1 mutDB 1147:1151 mutDB 1147:1151 mutDB 1147:1151 N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. 24606938 3 25 theme residues 639:646 arg1 mutation 616:623 mutation 616:623 mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains 616:676 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 12 26 theme relative 1767:1774 arg1 pattern 1793:1799 the relative binding affinity pattern 1763:1799 the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants 1763:1829 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 4 27 theme energetic 699:707 arg1 contribution 709:720 the energetic contribution 695:720 the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models 695:837 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 1 28 theme antiviral 160:168 arg1 agents 170:175 antiviral agents 160:175 antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 160:253 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 0 29 theme flexible 2:9 arg1 scheme 19:24 A flexible docking scheme 0:24 A flexible docking scheme 0:24 A flexible docking scheme efficiently captures the energetics of glycan-cyanovirin binding. 24606938 5 30 theme binding 1060:1066 arg1 cavity 1068:1073 the binding cavity 1056:1073 the binding cavity 1056:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 4 31 theme docking 787:793 arg1 dimannose 795:803 docking dimannose 787:803 docking dimannose 787:803 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 5 32 theme significant 930:940 arg1 decrease 942:949 a significant decrease 928:949 a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 928:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 2 33 theme glycan 295:300 arg1 recognition 302:312 glycan recognition 295:312 glycan recognition 295:312 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 34 theme backbone 377:384 arg1 BP-Dock 408:414 BP-Dock 408:414 BP-Dock 408:414 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 34 theme backbone 377:384 arg1 docking 399:405 backbone perturbation docking 377:405 backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock) 377:415 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 34 theme backbone 377:384 arg1 approach 367:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 12 35 theme affinity 1784:1791 arg1 pattern 1793:1799 the relative binding affinity pattern 1763:1799 the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants 1763:1829 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 8 36 theme binding 1381:1387 arg1 pattern 1398:1404 the binding affinity pattern 1377:1404 the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock 1377:1425 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock. 24606938 4 37 theme residues 737:744 arg1 contribution 709:720 the energetic contribution 695:720 the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models 695:837 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 9 38 theme millimolar 1540:1549 arg1 range 1551:1555 the millimolar range 1536:1555 the millimolar range 1536:1555 Despite their mostly conserved fold and stability, E41A, E41G, and T57A displayed dissociation constants in the millimolar range. 24606938 9 39 theme dissociation 1510:1521 arg1 constants 1523:1531 dissociation constants 1510:1531 dissociation constants 1510:1531 Despite their mostly conserved fold and stability, E41A, E41G, and T57A displayed dissociation constants in the millimolar range. 24606938 6 40 theme binding 1095:1101 arg1 score 1103:1107 the binding score 1091:1107 the binding score 1091:1107 N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. 24606938 0 41 theme docking 11:17 arg1 scheme 19:24 A flexible docking scheme 0:24 A flexible docking scheme 0:24 A flexible docking scheme efficiently captures the energetics of glycan-cyanovirin binding. 24606938 3 42 theme side 666:669 arg1 chains 671:676 small nonpolar side chains 651:676 small nonpolar side chains 651:676 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 8 43 theme mutants 1339:1345 arg1 characterization 1310:1325 Experimental characterization 1297:1325 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy 1297:1365 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock. 24606938 3 44 theme domain 580:585 arg1 B 587:587 domain B 580:587 domain B 580:587 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 3 45 dep CVN 546:548 arg1 mutDB 551:555 mutDB 551:555 mutDB 551:555 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 9 46 theme conserved 1449:1457 arg1 fold 1459:1462 their mostly conserved fold 1436:1462 their mostly conserved fold 1436:1462 Despite their mostly conserved fold and stability, E41A, E41G, and T57A displayed dissociation constants in the millimolar range. 24606938 5 47 theme T57A 906:909 arg1 mutations 911:919 the E41A/G and T57A mutations 891:919 the E41A/G and T57A mutations 891:919 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 5 48 from decrease 942:949 arg1 scores 969:974 binding energy scores 954:974 binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 954:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 5 49 theme hydrogen-bond 1005:1017 arg1 network 1019:1025 the hydrogen-bond network 1001:1025 the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 1001:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 7 50 theme similar 1273:1279 arg1 score 1266:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 In contrast, N53S resulted in a high binding energy score, similar to P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 10 51 theme binding 1572:1578 arg1 constant 1580:1587 a binding constant 1570:1587 a binding constant 1570:1587 N53S showed a binding constant in the low micromolar range, similar to that observed for P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 5 52 theme network 1019:1025 arg1 rearrangements 983:996 rearrangements 983:996 rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 983:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 3 53 dep benchmarked 421:431 arg1 abolished 598:606 abolished 598:606 has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains 589:676 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 12 54 theme useful 1729:1734 arg1 tool 1736:1739 a useful tool 1727:1739 a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type 1727:1853 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 12 54 theme useful 1729:1734 arg1 BP-Dock 1716:1722 BP-Dock 1716:1722 BP-Dock 1716:1722 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 4 55 theme additional 761:770 arg1 position 772:779 the additional position 53 757:782 the additional position 53 by docking dimannose 757:803 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 6 56 theme comparable 1120:1129 arg1 level 1114:1118 a level 1112:1118 a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) 1112:1153 N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN((mutDB)) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. 24606938 4 57 theme mutant 825:830 arg1 models 832:837 single-point CVN mutant models 808:837 single-point CVN mutant models 808:837 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 5 58 theme due 976:978 arg1 scores 969:974 binding energy scores 954:974 binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 954:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 8 59 theme Experimental 1297:1308 arg1 characterization 1310:1325 Experimental characterization 1297:1325 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy 1297:1365 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock. 24606938 10 60 from constant 1580:1587 arg1 range 1611:1615 the low micromolar range 1592:1615 the low micromolar range 1592:1615 N53S showed a binding constant in the low micromolar range, similar to that observed for P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 4 61 theme CVN 821:823 arg1 models 832:837 single-point CVN mutant models 808:837 single-point CVN mutant models 808:837 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 7 62 theme high 1246:1249 arg1 score 1266:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 In contrast, N53S resulted in a high binding energy score, similar to P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 12 63 with mutants 1891:1897 arg1 properties 1921:1930 enhanced binding properties 1904:1930 enhanced binding properties 1904:1930 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 7 64 theme binding 1251:1257 arg1 score 1266:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 In contrast, N53S resulted in a high binding energy score, similar to P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 5 65 theme binding 954:960 arg1 scores 969:974 binding energy scores 954:974 binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity 954:1073 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 1 66 theme cyanobacterial 114:127 arg1 lectin 129:134 a cyanobacterial lectin 112:134 a cyanobacterial lectin 112:134 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 1 66 theme cyanobacterial 114:127 arg1 Cyanovirin-N 92:103 Cyanovirin-N 92:103 Cyanovirin-N (CVN) 92:109 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 24606938 12 67 from pattern 1793:1799 arg1 mutants 1823:1829 silico-designed mutants 1807:1829 silico-designed mutants 1807:1829 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 5 68 theme docking 856:862 arg1 simulations 864:874 the docking simulations 852:874 the docking simulations 852:874 Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. 24606938 8 69 theme NMR 1350:1352 arg1 spectroscopy 1354:1365 NMR spectroscopy 1350:1365 NMR spectroscopy 1350:1365 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock. 24606938 7 70 theme energy 1259:1264 arg1 score 1266:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 a high binding energy score 1244:1270 In contrast, N53S resulted in a high binding energy score, similar to P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 2 71 theme recognition 302:312 arg1 energetics 281:290 the energetics 277:290 the energetics of glycan recognition 277:312 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 12 72 theme binding 1913:1919 arg1 properties 1921:1930 enhanced binding properties 1904:1930 enhanced binding properties 1904:1930 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 3 73 theme CVN 465:467 arg1 P51G-m4-CVN 470:480 P51G-m4-CVN 470:480 P51G-m4-CVN 470:480 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 3 73 theme CVN 465:467 arg1 mutants 454:460 two mutants 450:460 two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)) 450:557 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 3 73 theme CVN 465:467 arg1 CVN 546:548 CVN 546:548 CVN((mutDB)) 546:557 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 0 74 theme glycan-cyanovirin 65:81 arg1 binding 83:89 glycan-cyanovirin binding 65:89 glycan-cyanovirin binding 65:89 A flexible docking scheme efficiently captures the energetics of glycan-cyanovirin binding. 24606938 8 75 theme affinity 1389:1396 arg1 pattern 1398:1404 the binding affinity pattern 1377:1404 the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock 1377:1425 Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock. 24606938 3 76 dep mutants 454:460 arg1 P51G-m4-CVN 470:480 P51G-m4-CVN 470:480 P51G-m4-CVN 470:480 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 3 76 dep mutants 454:460 arg1 mutants 454:460 two mutants 450:460 two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)) 450:557 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 3 76 dep mutants 454:460 arg1 CVN 546:548 CVN 546:548 CVN((mutDB)) 546:557 We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN((mutDB)), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. 24606938 10 77 theme similar 1618:1624 arg1 constant 1580:1587 a binding constant 1570:1587 a binding constant 1570:1587 N53S showed a binding constant in the low micromolar range, similar to that observed for P51G-m4-CVN. 24606938 2 78 theme perturbation 386:397 arg1 BP-Dock 408:414 BP-Dock 408:414 BP-Dock 408:414 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 78 theme perturbation 386:397 arg1 docking 399:405 backbone perturbation docking 377:405 backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock) 377:415 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 78 theme perturbation 386:397 arg1 approach 367:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 12 79 theme enhanced 1904:1911 arg1 properties 1921:1930 enhanced binding properties 1904:1930 enhanced binding properties 1904:1930 Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties. 24606938 4 80 theme polar 731:735 arg1 residues 737:744 these polar residues 725:744 these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose 725:803 We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. 24606938 2 81 theme docking 359:365 arg1 docking 399:405 backbone perturbation docking 377:405 backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock) 377:415 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 2 81 theme docking 359:365 arg1 approach 367:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach 320:374 Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). 24606938 1 82 theme glycosylated 219:230 arg1 gp120 249:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120 208:253 Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. 27858135 2 0 theme 12 511:512 arg1 quantities 497:506 quantities 497:506 quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively 497:558 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 1 1 theme SuperMan5 347:355 arg1 strain 357:362 GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain 334:362 GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain 334:362 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 5 2 dep -gossypol 950:958 arg1 + 948:948 + 948:948 + 948:948 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 6 3 theme characterized 1035:1047 arg1 DIRs 1049:1052 previously characterized DIRs 1024:1052 previously characterized DIRs 1024:1052 Similar to previously characterized DIRs, GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 lacked oxidizing activity and depended on an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals. 27858135 0 4 theme proteins 73:80 arg1 characterization 34:49 characterization 34:49 characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol 34:121 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 0 4 theme proteins 73:80 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression in Pichia pastoris 0:28 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 6 5 theme oxidizing 1118:1126 arg1 laccase/O2 1136:1145 laccase/O2 1136:1145 laccase/O2 1136:1145 Similar to previously characterized DIRs, GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 lacked oxidizing activity and depended on an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals. 27858135 6 5 theme oxidizing 1118:1126 arg1 system 1128:1133 an oxidizing system 1115:1133 an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals 1115:1187 Similar to previously characterized DIRs, GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 lacked oxidizing activity and depended on an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals. 27858135 9 6 from process 1417:1423 arg1 combination 1428:1438 combination 1428:1438 combination with enzymatic deglycosylation 1428:1469 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 0 7 from Expression 0:9 arg1 pastoris 21:28 Pichia pastoris 14:28 Pichia pastoris 14:28 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 9 8 with combination 1428:1438 arg1 deglycosylation 1455:1469 enzymatic deglycosylation 1445:1469 enzymatic deglycosylation 1445:1469 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 3 9 theme Glycosylation 561:573 arg1 sites 575:579 Glycosylation sites 561:579 Glycosylation sites 561:579 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 3 10 dep six 703:705 arg1 to 700:701 to 700:701 to 700:701 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 0 11 theme atropselective 86:99 arg1 formation 101:109 atropselective formation 86:109 atropselective formation of gossypol 86:121 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 5 12 theme hemigossypol 990:1001 arg1 radicals 1003:1010 hemigossypol radicals 990:1010 hemigossypol radicals 990:1010 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 4 13 theme predominant 785:795 arg1 structure 804:812 The predominant glycan structure 781:812 The predominant glycan structure 781:812 The predominant glycan structure was Man5GlcNAc2 with, however, a significant contribution of Man4-10GlcNAc2. 27858135 9 14 theme cotton 1564:1569 arg1 DIRs 1571:1574 cotton DIRs 1564:1574 cotton DIRs 1564:1574 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 2 15 theme culture 531:537 arg1 volume 539:544 culture volume 531:544 culture volume 531:544 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 3 16 theme NxS/T 757:761 arg1 context 772:778 the NxS/T sequence context 753:778 the NxS/T sequence context 753:778 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 4 17 theme Man4-10GlcNAc2 875:888 arg1 contribution 859:870 a significant contribution 845:870 a significant contribution of Man4-10GlcNAc2 845:888 The predominant glycan structure was Man5GlcNAc2 with, however, a significant contribution of Man4-10GlcNAc2. 27858135 9 18 theme fermentation 1404:1415 arg1 process 1417:1423 The described fermentation process 1390:1423 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation 1390:1469 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 5 19 theme radicals 1003:1010 arg1 coupling 978:985 atropselective coupling 963:985 atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals 963:1010 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 3 20 gly deglycosylated 638:651 arg1 proteins 653:660 the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins 620:660 the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins 620:660 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 5 21 theme dirigent 896:903 arg1 proteins 905:912 Both dirigent proteins 891:912 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) 891:919 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 5 21 theme dirigent 896:903 arg1 DIRs 915:918 DIRs 915:918 DIRs 915:918 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 0 22 from characterization 34:49 arg1 pastoris 21:28 Pichia pastoris 14:28 Pichia pastoris 14:28 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 5 23 theme -gossypol 950:958 arg1 formation 934:942 the formation 930:942 the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals 930:1010 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 2 24 theme His 404:406 arg1 proteins 417:424 The two (His)6-tagged proteins 395:424 The two (His)6-tagged proteins 395:424 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 3 25 theme sites 744:748 arg1 six 703:705 six 703:705 six 703:705 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 3 25 theme sites 744:748 arg1 sites 744:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 7 26 theme lignans 1242:1248 arg1 biosynthesis 1226:1237 the biosynthesis 1222:1237 the biosynthesis of lignans 1222:1248 In contrast to DIRs involved in the biosynthesis of lignans, glycosylation was not essential for function. 27858135 2 27 theme 15 mg L-1 518:526 arg1 quantities 497:506 quantities 497:506 quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively 497:558 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 1 28 dep fermentation 162:173 arg1 process 175:181 process 175:181 process 175:181 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 1 29 theme novel 191:195 arg1 proteins 206:213 two novel dirigent proteins 187:213 two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants 187:232 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 2 30 theme affinity 457:464 arg1 chromatography 466:479 metal-chelate affinity chromatography 443:479 metal-chelate affinity chromatography 443:479 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 6 31 theme radicals 1180:1187 arg1 generation 1156:1165 the generation 1152:1165 the generation of substrate radicals 1152:1187 Similar to previously characterized DIRs, GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 lacked oxidizing activity and depended on an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals. 27858135 1 32 theme dirigent 197:204 arg1 proteins 206:213 two novel dirigent proteins 187:213 two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants 187:232 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 2 33 theme metal-chelate 443:455 arg1 chromatography 466:479 metal-chelate affinity chromatography 443:479 metal-chelate affinity chromatography 443:479 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 9 34 gly deglycosylation 1455:1469 arg1 combination 1428:1438 combination 1428:1438 combination with enzymatic deglycosylation 1428:1469 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 5 35 theme atropselective 963:976 arg1 coupling 978:985 atropselective coupling 963:985 atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals 963:1010 Both dirigent proteins (DIRs) mediated the formation of (+)-gossypol by atropselective coupling of hemigossypol radicals. 27858135 9 36 theme structural 1509:1518 arg1 studies 1520:1526 mechanistic and structural studies 1493:1526 mechanistic and structural studies 1493:1526 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 0 37 theme Pichia 14:19 arg1 pastoris 21:28 Pichia pastoris 14:28 Pichia pastoris 14:28 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 3 38 theme sequence 763:770 arg1 context 772:778 the NxS/T sequence context 753:778 the NxS/T sequence context 753:778 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 9 39 theme atropselective 1609:1622 arg1 synthesis 1631:1639 atropselective biaryl synthesis 1609:1639 atropselective biaryl synthesis 1609:1639 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 9 40 theme biomimetic 1581:1590 arg1 approach 1592:1599 a biomimetic approach 1579:1599 a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis 1579:1639 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 6 41 theme oxidizing 1080:1088 arg1 activity 1090:1097 oxidizing activity 1080:1097 oxidizing activity 1080:1097 Similar to previously characterized DIRs, GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 lacked oxidizing activity and depended on an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals. 27858135 9 42 theme described 1394:1402 arg1 process 1417:1423 The described fermentation process 1390:1423 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation 1390:1469 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 8 43 theme enzymatic 1310:1318 arg1 deglycosylation 1320:1334 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation 1297:1334 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation 1297:1334 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation yielded active GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 in excellent purity. 27858135 0 44 theme gossypol 114:121 arg1 formation 101:109 atropselective formation 86:109 atropselective formation of gossypol 86:121 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 1 45 theme cotton 220:225 arg1 plants 227:232 cotton plants 220:232 cotton plants 220:232 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 9 46 theme mechanistic 1493:1503 arg1 studies 1520:1526 mechanistic and structural studies 1493:1526 mechanistic and structural studies 1493:1526 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 3 47 gly glycosylation 730:742 arg2 sites 744:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 3 47 gly glycosylation 730:742 arg2 seven 714:718 seven 714:718 seven 714:718 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 3 48 theme mass 665:668 arg1 spectrometry 670:681 mass spectrometry 665:681 mass spectrometry 665:681 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 2 49 theme 6-tagged 408:415 arg1 proteins 417:424 The two (His)6-tagged proteins 395:424 The two (His)6-tagged proteins 395:424 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 1 50 theme engineered 307:316 arg1 pastoris 325:332 the engineered Pichia pastoris 303:332 the engineered Pichia pastoris 303:332 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 1 51 from plants 227:232 arg1 proteins 206:213 two novel dirigent proteins 187:213 two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants 187:232 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 1 52 theme Pichia 318:323 arg1 pastoris 325:332 the engineered Pichia pastoris 303:332 the engineered Pichia pastoris 303:332 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 3 53 theme predicted 720:728 arg1 sites 744:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 4 54 theme significant 847:857 arg1 contribution 859:870 a significant contribution 845:870 a significant contribution of Man4-10GlcNAc2 845:888 The predominant glycan structure was Man5GlcNAc2 with, however, a significant contribution of Man4-10GlcNAc2. 27858135 9 55 from application 1549:1559 arg1 approach 1592:1599 a biomimetic approach 1579:1599 a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis 1579:1639 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 7 56 dep DIRs 1205:1208 arg1 contrast 1193:1200 contrast 1193:1200 contrast 1193:1200 In contrast to DIRs involved in the biosynthesis of lignans, glycosylation was not essential for function. 27858135 6 57 theme substrate 1170:1178 arg1 radicals 1180:1187 substrate radicals 1170:1187 substrate radicals 1170:1187 Similar to previously characterized DIRs, GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 lacked oxidizing activity and depended on an oxidizing system (laccase/O2) for the generation of substrate radicals. 27858135 9 58 theme biaryl 1624:1629 arg1 synthesis 1631:1639 atropselective biaryl synthesis 1609:1639 atropselective biaryl synthesis 1609:1639 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 4 59 theme glycan 797:802 arg1 structure 804:812 The predominant glycan structure 781:812 The predominant glycan structure 781:812 The predominant glycan structure was Man5GlcNAc2 with, however, a significant contribution of Man4-10GlcNAc2. 27858135 8 60 theme active 1344:1349 arg1 GbDIR2 1351:1356 active GbDIR2 1344:1356 active GbDIR2 1344:1356 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation yielded active GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 in excellent purity. 27858135 8 61 theme excellent 1372:1380 arg1 purity 1382:1387 excellent purity 1372:1387 excellent purity 1372:1387 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation yielded active GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 in excellent purity. 27858135 9 62 theme enzymatic 1445:1453 arg1 deglycosylation 1455:1469 enzymatic deglycosylation 1445:1469 enzymatic deglycosylation 1445:1469 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 0 63 theme dirigent 64:71 arg1 proteins 73:80 two novel dirigent proteins 54:80 two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol 54:121 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 8 64 theme Quantitative 1297:1308 arg1 deglycosylation 1320:1334 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation 1297:1334 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation 1297:1334 Quantitative enzymatic deglycosylation yielded active GbDIR2 and GhDIR3 in excellent purity. 27858135 9 65 theme DIRs 1571:1574 arg1 application 1549:1559 the application 1545:1559 the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis 1545:1639 The described fermentation process in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation will pave the way for mechanistic and structural studies and, eventually, the application of cotton DIRs in a biomimetic approach towards atropselective biaryl synthesis. 27858135 1 66 theme efficient 142:150 arg1 fermentation 162:173 an efficient fed-batch fermentation 139:173 an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants 139:232 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 1 66 theme efficient 142:150 arg1 GbDIR2 235:240 GbDIR2 235:240 GbDIR2 235:240 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 0 67 theme novel 58:62 arg1 proteins 73:80 two novel dirigent proteins 54:80 two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol 54:121 Expression in Pichia pastoris and characterization of two novel dirigent proteins for atropselective formation of gossypol. 27858135 1 68 theme GlycoSwitch® 334:345 arg1 strain 357:362 GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain 334:362 GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain 334:362 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 3 69 theme deglycosylated 638:651 arg1 proteins 653:660 the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins 620:660 the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins 620:660 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 3 70 theme glycosylation 730:742 arg1 sites 744:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 the seven predicted glycosylation sites 710:748 Glycosylation sites were identified for the native and for the enzymatically deglycosylated proteins by mass spectrometry, confirming five to six of the seven predicted glycosylation sites in the NxS/T sequence context. 27858135 1 71 theme fed-batch 152:160 arg1 fermentation 162:173 an efficient fed-batch fermentation 139:173 an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants 139:232 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 1 71 theme fed-batch 152:160 arg1 GbDIR2 235:240 GbDIR2 235:240 GbDIR2 235:240 We established an efficient fed-batch fermentation process for two novel dirigent proteins from cotton plants, GbDIR2 from Gossypium barbadense and GhDIR3 from G. hirsutum, using the engineered Pichia pastoris GlycoSwitch® SuperMan5 strain to prevent hyperglycosylation. 27858135 2 72 theme volume 539:544 arg1 volume 539:544 culture volume 531:544 culture volume 531:544 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 27858135 2 72 theme volume 539:544 arg1 12 511:512 12 511:512 12 511:512 The two (His)6-tagged proteins were purified by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and obtained in quantities of 12 and 15 mg L-1 of culture volume, respectively. 29243423 1 0 dep January 299:305 arg1 December 310:317 December 310:317 December 310:317 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 1 0 dep January 299:305 arg1 to 307:308 to 307:308 to 307:308 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 4 1 theme polysaccharide 862:875 arg1 accumulation 877:888 polysaccharide accumulation 862:888 polysaccharide accumulation 862:888 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 1 2 theme polysaccharides 155:169 arg1 trend 146:150 the accumulation trend 129:150 the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum 129:193 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 1 3 theme D. 257:258 arg1 clone 274:278 D. Catenatum D21 clone 257:278 D. Catenatum D21 clone 257:278 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 0 4 theme temperature-controlled 75:96 arg1 condition 98:106 temperature-controlled condition 75:106 temperature-controlled condition 75:106 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 29243423 1 5 theme Catenatum 260:268 arg1 clone 274:278 D. Catenatum D21 clone 257:278 D. Catenatum D21 clone 257:278 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 0 6 from [Effects 0:7 arg1 polysaccharides 29:43 polysaccharides 29:43 polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum 29:67 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 29243423 3 7 with consistent 777:786 arg1 trend 797:801 the trend 793:801 the trend of field planting 793:819 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 1 8 theme D21 270:272 arg1 clone 274:278 D. Catenatum D21 clone 257:278 D. Catenatum D21 clone 257:278 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 4 9 from trend 853:857 arg1 plant 897:901 the plant 893:901 the plant 893:901 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 4 10 theme accumulation 877:888 arg1 trend 853:857 the trend 849:857 the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant 849:901 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 4 10 theme accumulation 877:888 arg1 related 912:918 related 912:918 related 912:918 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 1 11 from trend 146:150 arg1 catenatum 185:193 Dendrobium catenatum 174:193 Dendrobium catenatum 174:193 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 4 12 theme sensory 946:952 arg1 seasons 954:960 the sensory seasons 942:960 the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber 942:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 3 13 theme planting 812:819 arg1 trend 797:801 the trend 793:801 the trend of field planting 793:819 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 0 14 from polysaccharides 29:43 arg1 [Effects 0:7 [Effects 0:7 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition 0:106 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 29243423 1 15 dep reveal 122:127 arg1 to 119:120 to 119:120 to 119:120 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 4 16 theme life 927:930 arg1 rhythm 932:937 the life rhythm 923:937 the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber 923:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 4 17 theme seasons 954:960 arg1 rhythm 932:937 the life rhythm 923:937 the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber 923:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 1 18 theme growth 360:365 arg1 chamber 367:373 the growth chamber 356:373 the growth chamber with constant temperature 356:399 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 2 19 theme acid 453:456 arg1 method 458:463 phenol-sulfuric acid method 437:463 phenol-sulfuric acid method 437:463 Polysaccharides were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by pre-column derivative-UPLC. 29243423 4 20 theme culture 1079:1085 arg1 chamber 1087:1093 the culture chamber 1075:1093 the culture chamber 1075:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 0 21 theme time 21:24 arg1 [Effects 0:7 [Effects 0:7 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition 0:106 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 29243423 1 22 dep 5 344:344 arg1 to 341:342 to 341:342 to 341:342 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 0 23 theme sampling 12:19 arg1 time 21:24 sampling time 12:24 sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum 12:67 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 29243423 3 24 theme polysaccharide 585:598 arg1 content 574:580 the content 570:580 the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose 570:628 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 1 25 with chamber 367:373 arg1 temperature 389:399 constant temperature 380:399 constant temperature 380:399 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 4 26 theme harvesting 1019:1028 arg1 season 1030:1035 the harvesting season 1015:1035 the harvesting season 1015:1035 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 3 27 from polysaccharides 699:713 arg1 kinds 722:726 all kinds 718:726 all kinds of culture 718:737 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 3 28 theme mannose 622:628 arg1 content 574:580 the content 570:580 the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose 570:628 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 4 29 theme chamber 1087:1093 arg1 condition 1062:1070 the constant condition 1049:1070 the constant condition of the culture chamber 1049:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 2 30 theme monosaccharide 473:486 arg1 compositions 488:499 the monosaccharide compositions 469:499 the monosaccharide compositions 469:499 Polysaccharides were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by pre-column derivative-UPLC. 29243423 4 31 theme D. 965:966 arg1 seasons 954:960 the sensory seasons 942:960 the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber 942:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 1 32 theme constant 380:387 arg1 temperature 389:399 constant temperature 380:399 constant temperature 380:399 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 2 33 theme phenol-sulfuric 437:451 arg1 method 458:463 phenol-sulfuric acid method 437:463 phenol-sulfuric acid method 437:463 Polysaccharides were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by pre-column derivative-UPLC. 29243423 1 34 theme sampling 223:230 arg1 time 232:235 sampling time 223:235 sampling time 223:235 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 3 35 from kinds 722:726 arg1 contents 687:694 the contents 683:694 the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture 683:737 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 3 36 from contents 687:694 arg1 kinds 722:726 all kinds 718:726 all kinds of culture 718:737 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 3 37 theme key 608:610 arg1 mannose 622:628 its key component mannose 604:628 its key component mannose 604:628 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 3 38 theme culture 731:737 arg1 kinds 722:726 all kinds 718:726 all kinds of culture 718:737 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 4 39 dep D. 965:966 arg1 affected 1003:1010 affected 1003:1010 affected 1003:1010 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 4 39 dep D. 965:966 arg1 catenatum 968:976 D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber 965:1093 catenatum 968:976 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 3 40 theme component 612:620 arg1 mannose 622:628 its key component mannose 604:628 its key component mannose 604:628 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 3 41 dep 6 756:756 arg1 to 753:754 to 753:754 to 753:754 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 3 42 theme culture 665:671 arg1 time 673:676 the culture time 661:676 the culture time 661:676 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 4 43 theme constant 1053:1060 arg1 condition 1062:1070 the constant condition 1049:1070 the constant condition of the culture chamber 1049:1093 The results suggested that the trend of polysaccharide accumulation in the plant could be related to the life rhythm of the sensory seasons of D. catenatum, which was significantly affected by the harvesting season, even under the constant condition of the culture chamber. 29243423 3 44 theme polysaccharides 699:713 arg1 contents 687:694 the contents 683:694 the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture 683:737 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 1 45 from effect 213:218 arg1 polysaccharides 240:254 polysaccharides 240:254 polysaccharides 240:254 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 1 46 theme time 232:235 arg1 effect 213:218 the effect 209:218 the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides 209:254 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 1 47 theme accumulation 133:144 arg1 trend 146:150 the accumulation trend 129:150 the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum 129:193 In order to reveal the accumulation trend of polysaccharides in Dendrobium catenatum and determine the effect of sampling time on polysaccharides, D. Catenatum D21 clone was harvested from January to December after culturing for 2 to 5 months in the growth chamber with constant temperature. 29243423 3 48 theme field 806:810 arg1 planting 812:819 field planting 806:819 field planting 806:819 The results showed that the content of polysaccharide and its key component mannose was positively correlated with the culture time, but the contents of polysaccharides in all kinds of culture peaked from 5 to 6 months, which were consistent with the trend of field planting. 29243423 2 49 theme pre-column 518:527 arg1 derivative-UPLC 529:543 pre-column derivative-UPLC 518:543 pre-column derivative-UPLC 518:543 Polysaccharides were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by pre-column derivative-UPLC. 29243423 0 50 theme catenatum 59:67 arg1 polysaccharides 29:43 polysaccharides 29:43 polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum 29:67 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 29243423 0 51 from time 21:24 arg1 polysaccharides 29:43 polysaccharides 29:43 polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum 29:67 [Effects of sampling time on polysaccharides of Dendrobium catenatum under temperature-controlled condition]. 27629769 9 0 theme highest 1739:1745 arg1 number 1747:1752 the highest number 1735:1752 the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it 1735:1787 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 7 1 theme plant 1280:1284 arg1 polysaccharides 1296:1310 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1276:1310 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1276:1310 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 2 2 theme cell 356:359 arg1 walls 361:365 Plant cell walls 350:365 Plant cell walls 350:365 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 11 3 theme cell 2142:2145 arg1 walls 2147:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 1 4 theme human 258:262 arg1 pathogen 274:281 human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination 258:310 pathogen 274:281 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 14 5 theme greater 2595:2601 arg1 surface 2603:2609 a greater surface 2593:2609 a greater surface for Salmonella cells to attach through the thickening of cellulose fibrils 2593:2684 When present with pectin, xyloglucan provides a greater surface for Salmonella cells to attach through the thickening of cellulose fibrils. 27629769 9 6 theme cells 1768:1772 arg1 number 1747:1752 the highest number 1735:1752 the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it 1735:1787 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 4 7 contain had 734:736 arg2 effect 741:746 no effect 738:746 no effect 738:746 We demonstrated that Salmonella attachment was favoured in the presence of pectin while xyloglucan had no effect on its attachment. 27629769 4 7 contain had 734:736 arg1 xyloglucan 723:732 xyloglucan 723:732 xyloglucan 723:732 We demonstrated that Salmonella attachment was favoured in the presence of pectin while xyloglucan had no effect on its attachment. 27629769 11 8 theme plant 2136:2140 arg1 walls 2147:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 1 9 theme fresh 172:176 arg1 Processing 158:167 BACKGROUND Processing 147:167 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce 147:184 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 12 10 theme cell 2278:2281 arg1 models 2288:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 6 11 theme attachment 1193:1202 arg1 surface 1204:1210 the attachment surface 1189:1210 the attachment surface 1189:1210 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 4 12 theme Salmonella 656:665 arg1 attachment 667:676 Salmonella attachment 656:676 Salmonella attachment 656:676 We demonstrated that Salmonella attachment was favoured in the presence of pectin while xyloglucan had no effect on its attachment. 27629769 3 13 theme cell 530:533 arg1 models 540:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 6 14 theme wall 964:967 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 949:983 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 949:983 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 11 15 theme specific 2173:2180 arg1 interactions 2195:2206 specific carbohydrate interactions 2173:2206 specific carbohydrate interactions 2173:2206 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 8 16 theme arranged 1520:1527 arg1 network 1549:1555 the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network 1508:1555 the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network 1508:1555 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 12 17 theme strains 2257:2263 arg1 attachment 2232:2241 the attachment 2228:2241 the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models 2228:2293 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 12 17 theme strains 2257:2263 arg1 dependent 2305:2313 dependent 2305:2313 dependent 2305:2313 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 0 18 theme specific 111:118 arg1 interactions 133:144 specific carbohydrate interactions 111:144 specific carbohydrate interactions 111:144 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 5 19 theme cell 850:853 arg1 model 860:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 1 20 theme plant 210:214 arg1 walls 221:225 plant cell walls 210:225 plant cell walls 210:225 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 6 21 theme plant 953:957 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 949:983 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 949:983 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 9 22 theme cellulose 1816:1824 arg1 fibrils 1826:1832 significantly thicker cellulose fibrils 1794:1832 significantly thicker cellulose fibrils 1794:1832 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 8 23 theme cellulose 1539:1547 arg1 network 1549:1555 the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network 1508:1555 the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network 1508:1555 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 3 24 theme plant 607:611 arg1 components 623:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 13 25 theme cellulose 2422:2430 arg1 fibrils 2432:2438 cellulose fibrils 2422:2438 cellulose fibrils 2422:2438 Pectin reduces the porosity and space between cellulose fibrils, which then forms a matrix that is able to retain Salmonella cells within the bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 11 26 theme cells 2123:2127 arg1 attachment 2098:2107 the attachment 2094:2107 the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls 2094:2151 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 12 27 theme attachment 2356:2365 arg1 surface 2367:2373 the attachment surface 2352:2373 the attachment surface 2352:2373 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 10 28 theme bacterial 1945:1953 arg1 composites 1976:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 10 28 theme bacterial 1945:1953 arg1 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 9 29 theme force 1598:1602 arg1 microscopy 1604:1613 atomic force microscopy 1591:1613 atomic force microscopy 1591:1613 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 6 30 theme cell 1054:1057 arg1 models 1064:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 9 31 theme other 1846:1850 arg1 composites 1852:1861 other composites 1846:1861 other composites 1846:1861 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 7 32 theme bacterial 1362:1370 arg1 models 1404:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 0 33 theme wall 49:52 arg1 model 54:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 5 34 theme wall 855:858 arg1 model 860:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 6 35 theme cellulose-based 1032:1046 arg1 models 1064:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 7 36 dep RESULTS 1213:1219 arg1 found 1224:1228 found 1224:1228 found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1224:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 1 37 dep pathogen 274:281 arg1 attachment 283:292 attachment 283:292 attachment 283:292 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 8 38 theme Confocal 1412:1419 arg1 microscopy 1436:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1412:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1412:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 7 39 theme monosaccharides 1247:1261 arg1 none 1235:1238 none 1235:1238 none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1235:1310 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 9 40 theme cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan 1643:1669 arg1 xyloglucan 1698:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 7 41 theme cellulose-based 1372:1386 arg1 models 1404:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 8 42 theme scanning 1427:1434 arg1 microscopy 1436:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1412:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1412:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 14 43 with present 2552:2558 arg1 pectin 2565:2570 pectin 2565:2570 pectin 2565:2570 When present with pectin, xyloglucan provides a greater surface for Salmonella cells to attach through the thickening of cellulose fibrils. 27629769 5 44 theme plant 844:848 arg1 model 860:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 1 45 theme foodborne 264:272 arg1 pathogen 274:281 human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination 258:310 pathogen 274:281 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 12 46 attach attachment 2232:2241 arg2 strains 2257:2263 Salmonella strains 2246:2263 Salmonella strains 2246:2263 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 12 46 attach attachment 2232:2241 arg1 models 2288:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 7 47 theme cell 1394:1397 arg1 models 1404:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 8 48 theme Salmonella 1459:1468 arg1 cells 1470:1474 Salmonella cells 1459:1474 Salmonella cells 1459:1474 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 9 49 attach attached 1774:1781 arg2 cells 1768:1772 Salmonella cells 1757:1772 Salmonella cells attached to it 1757:1787 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 9 49 attach attached 1774:1781 arg1 it 1786:1787 it 1786:1787 it 1786:1787 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 0 50 theme Salmonella 14:23 arg1 strains 25:31 Salmonella strains 14:31 Salmonella strains 14:31 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 6 51 theme specific 1079:1086 arg1 interactions 1101:1112 specific carbohydrate interactions 1079:1112 specific carbohydrate interactions 1079:1112 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 3 52 used used 493:496 arg2 work 488:491 Our previous work 475:491 Our previous work 475:491 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 5 53 theme Salmonella 820:829 arg1 cells 831:835 Salmonella cells 820:835 Salmonella cells 820:835 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 14 54 theme cellulose 2668:2676 arg1 fibrils 2678:2684 cellulose fibrils 2668:2684 cellulose fibrils 2668:2684 When present with pectin, xyloglucan provides a greater surface for Salmonella cells to attach through the thickening of cellulose fibrils. 27629769 5 55 with association 886:896 arg1 pectin 903:908 pectin 903:908 pectin 903:908 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 12 56 theme structural 2322:2331 arg1 characteristics 2333:2347 the structural characteristics 2318:2347 the structural characteristics of the attachment surface 2318:2373 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 3 57 theme bacterial 498:506 arg1 models 540:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 0 58 theme plant 38:42 arg1 model 54:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 13 59 theme cellulose 2528:2536 arg1 network 2538:2544 the bacterial cellulose network 2514:2544 the bacterial cellulose network 2514:2544 Pectin reduces the porosity and space between cellulose fibrils, which then forms a matrix that is able to retain Salmonella cells within the bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 10 60 theme cellulose 1931:1939 arg1 composites 1976:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 10 60 theme cellulose 1931:1939 arg1 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 9 61 contain had 1790:1792 arg2 fibrils 1826:1832 significantly thicker cellulose fibrils 1794:1832 significantly thicker cellulose fibrils 1794:1832 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 9 61 contain had 1790:1792 arg1 xyloglucan 1698:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 1 62 theme cell 216:219 arg1 walls 221:225 plant cell walls 210:225 plant cell walls 210:225 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 2 63 dep polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 polysaccharides 394:408 the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses 390:445 the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan) 390:472 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 2 63 dep polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 hemicelluloses 432:445 hemicelluloses 432:445 hemicelluloses 432:445 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 2 63 dep polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 xyloglucan 462:471 xyloglucan 462:471 xyloglucan 462:471 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 2 63 dep polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 pectin 421:426 pectin 421:426 pectin 421:426 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 2 63 dep polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 cellulose 410:418 cellulose 410:418 cellulose 410:418 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 6 64 from effects 1129:1135 arg1 characteristics 1170:1184 the physical characteristics 1157:1184 the physical characteristics of the attachment surface 1157:1210 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 3 65 theme wall 535:538 arg1 models 540:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 0 66 theme cell 44:47 arg1 model 54:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 6 67 theme carbohydrates 1140:1152 arg1 effects 1129:1135 the effects 1125:1135 the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface 1125:1210 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 3 68 theme plant 524:528 arg1 models 540:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 14 69 theme Salmonella 2615:2624 arg1 cells 2626:2630 Salmonella cells 2615:2630 Salmonella cells 2615:2630 When present with pectin, xyloglucan provides a greater surface for Salmonella cells to attach through the thickening of cellulose fibrils. 27629769 0 70 attach Attachment 0:9 arg2 strains 25:31 Salmonella strains 14:31 Salmonella strains 14:31 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 0 70 attach Attachment 0:9 arg1 model 54:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 a plant cell wall model 36:58 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 7 71 theme cell 1286:1289 arg1 polysaccharides 1296:1310 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1276:1310 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1276:1310 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 10 72 theme other 2025:2029 arg1 composites 2031:2040 the other composites 2021:2040 the other composites containing pectin 2021:2058 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 10 73 theme Scanning 1864:1871 arg1 microscopy 1882:1891 Scanning electron microscopy 1864:1891 Scanning electron microscopy images 1864:1898 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 9 74 theme Salmonella 1757:1766 arg1 cells 1768:1772 Salmonella cells 1757:1772 Salmonella cells attached to it 1757:1787 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 2 75 theme Plant 350:354 arg1 walls 361:365 Plant cell walls 350:365 Plant cell walls 350:365 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 11 76 theme cut 2132:2134 arg1 walls 2147:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 11 77 theme Salmonella 2112:2121 arg1 cells 2123:2127 Salmonella cells 2112:2127 Salmonella cells 2112:2127 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 10 78 contain containing 2042:2051 arg2 pectin 2053:2058 pectin 2053:2058 pectin 2053:2058 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 10 78 contain containing 2042:2051 arg1 composites 2031:2040 the other composites 2021:2040 the other composites containing pectin 2021:2058 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 6 79 theme Salmonella 993:1002 arg1 attachment 1004:1013 Salmonella attachment 993:1013 Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 993:1069 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 6 80 theme surface 1204:1210 arg1 characteristics 1170:1184 the physical characteristics 1157:1184 the physical characteristics of the attachment surface 1157:1210 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 12 81 theme plant 2272:2276 arg1 models 2288:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 10 82 theme microscopy 1882:1891 arg1 images 1893:1898 Scanning electron microscopy images 1864:1898 Scanning electron microscopy images 1864:1898 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 1 83 theme cut 194:196 arg1 surfaces 198:205 cut surfaces 194:205 cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica 194:347 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 8 84 theme bacterial 1529:1537 arg1 network 1549:1555 the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network 1508:1555 the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network 1508:1555 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 9 85 with composite 1671:1679 arg1 % 1690:1690 0.3 % 1686:1690 0.3 % (w/v) 1686:1696 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 9 85 with composite 1671:1679 arg1 w/v 1693:1695 w/v 1693:1695 w/v 1693:1695 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 0 86 theme carbohydrate 120:131 arg1 interactions 133:144 specific carbohydrate interactions 111:144 specific carbohydrate interactions 111:144 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 3 87 theme cell 613:616 arg1 components 623:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 6 88 theme cell 959:962 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 949:983 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 949:983 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 9 89 theme thicker 1808:1814 arg1 fibrils 1826:1832 significantly thicker cellulose fibrils 1794:1832 significantly thicker cellulose fibrils 1794:1832 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 12 90 theme Salmonella 2246:2255 arg1 strains 2257:2263 Salmonella strains 2246:2263 Salmonella strains 2246:2263 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 11 91 attach attachment 2098:2107 arg1 walls 2147:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 cut plant cell walls 2132:2151 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 11 91 attach attachment 2098:2107 arg2 cells 2123:2127 Salmonella cells 2112:2127 Salmonella cells 2112:2127 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 3 92 theme various 599:605 arg1 components 623:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 10 93 theme cellulose-xyloglucan 1955:1974 arg1 composites 1976:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 10 93 theme cellulose-xyloglucan 1955:1974 arg1 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 9 94 theme atomic 1591:1596 arg1 microscopy 1604:1613 atomic force microscopy 1591:1613 atomic force microscopy 1591:1613 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 6 95 theme wall 1059:1062 arg1 models 1064:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 6 96 theme plant 1048:1052 arg1 models 1064:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 1 97 theme BACKGROUND 147:156 arg1 Processing 158:167 BACKGROUND Processing 147:167 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce 147:184 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 6 98 theme bacterial 1022:1030 arg1 models 1064:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1018:1069 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 0 99 theme surface 76:82 arg1 characteristics 84:98 surface characteristics 76:98 surface characteristics 76:98 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 9 100 theme bacterial 1633:1641 arg1 xyloglucan 1698:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 10 101 theme electron 1873:1880 arg1 microscopy 1882:1891 Scanning electron microscopy 1864:1891 Scanning electron microscopy images 1864:1898 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 12 102 theme surface 2367:2373 arg1 characteristics 2333:2347 the structural characteristics 2318:2347 the structural characteristics of the attachment surface 2318:2373 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 4 103 dep pectin 710:715 arg1 the 694:696 the 694:696 the 694:696 We demonstrated that Salmonella attachment was favoured in the presence of pectin while xyloglucan had no effect on its attachment. 27629769 4 103 dep pectin 710:715 arg1 presence 698:705 presence 698:705 presence 698:705 We demonstrated that Salmonella attachment was favoured in the presence of pectin while xyloglucan had no effect on its attachment. 27629769 7 104 theme wall 1399:1402 arg1 models 1404:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 8 105 theme laser 1421:1425 arg1 microscopy 1436:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1412:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 1412:1445 Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Salmonella cells can penetrate and attach within the tightly arranged bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 2 106 dep xyloglucan 462:471 arg1 predominantly 448:460 predominantly 448:460 predominantly 448:460 Plant cell walls are mainly composed of the polysaccharides cellulose, pectin and hemicelluloses (predominantly xyloglucan). 27629769 7 107 theme plant 1388:1392 arg1 models 1404:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1358:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 0 108 theme strains 25:31 arg1 Attachment 0:9 Attachment 0:9 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model 0:58 Attachment of Salmonella strains to a plant cell wall model is modulated by surface characteristics and not by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 10 109 theme bacterial 1921:1929 arg1 composites 1976:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites 1917:1985 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 10 109 theme bacterial 1921:1929 arg1 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 porous 1997:2002 Scanning electron microscopy images also showed that the bacterial cellulose and bacterial cellulose-xyloglucan composites were more porous when compared to the other composites containing pectin. 27629769 6 110 theme carbohydrate 1088:1099 arg1 interactions 1101:1112 specific carbohydrate interactions 1079:1112 specific carbohydrate interactions 1079:1112 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 9 111 theme composite 1671:1679 arg1 xyloglucan 1698:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan 1629:1707 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 13 112 dep porosity 2395:2402 arg1 the 2391:2393 the 2391:2393 the 2391:2393 Pectin reduces the porosity and space between cellulose fibrils, which then forms a matrix that is able to retain Salmonella cells within the bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 3 113 theme previous 479:486 arg1 work 488:491 Our previous work 475:491 Our previous work 475:491 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 14 114 theme fibrils 2678:2684 arg1 thickening 2654:2663 the thickening 2650:2663 the thickening of cellulose fibrils 2650:2684 When present with pectin, xyloglucan provides a greater surface for Salmonella cells to attach through the thickening of cellulose fibrils. 27629769 11 115 theme CONCLUSIONS 2061:2071 arg1 study 2077:2081 CONCLUSIONS Our study 2061:2081 CONCLUSIONS Our study 2061:2081 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 5 116 theme cells 831:835 arg1 attachment 806:815 the attachment 802:815 the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model 802:864 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 13 117 theme bacterial 2518:2526 arg1 network 2538:2544 the bacterial cellulose network 2514:2544 the bacterial cellulose network 2514:2544 Pectin reduces the porosity and space between cellulose fibrils, which then forms a matrix that is able to retain Salmonella cells within the bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 7 118 theme Salmonella 1333:1342 arg1 attachment 1344:1353 Salmonella attachment 1333:1353 Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 1333:1409 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 27629769 11 119 theme carbohydrate 2182:2193 arg1 interactions 2195:2206 specific carbohydrate interactions 2173:2206 specific carbohydrate interactions 2173:2206 CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the attachment of Salmonella cells to cut plant cell walls was not mediated by specific carbohydrate interactions. 27629769 1 120 dep fresh 172:176 arg1 produce 178:184 produce 178:184 produce 178:184 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 5 121 attach attachment 806:815 arg1 model 860:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 the plant cell wall model 840:864 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 5 121 attach attachment 806:815 arg2 cells 831:835 Salmonella cells 820:835 Salmonella cells 820:835 Xyloglucan significantly increased the attachment of Salmonella cells to the plant cell wall model only when it was in association with pectin. 27629769 3 122 theme cellulose-based 508:522 arg1 models 540:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models 498:545 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 3 123 theme wall 618:621 arg1 components 623:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 the various plant cell wall components 595:632 Our previous work used bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models to study the interaction between Salmonella and the various plant cell wall components. 27629769 6 124 theme physical 1161:1168 arg1 characteristics 1170:1184 the physical characteristics 1157:1184 the physical characteristics of the attachment surface 1157:1210 In this study, we investigate whether the plant cell wall polysaccharides mediate Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models through specific carbohydrate interactions or through the effects of carbohydrates on the physical characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 12 125 theme wall 2283:2286 arg1 models 2288:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 the plant cell wall models 2268:2293 This suggests that the attachment of Salmonella strains to the plant cell wall models were more dependent on the structural characteristics of the attachment surface. 27629769 1 126 theme walls 221:225 arg1 surfaces 198:205 cut surfaces 194:205 cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica 194:347 BACKGROUND Processing of fresh produce exposes cut surfaces of plant cell walls that then become vulnerable to human foodborne pathogen attachment and contamination, particularly by Salmonella enterica. 27629769 9 127 theme images 1570:1575 arg1 Analysis 1558:1565 Analysis 1558:1565 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy 1558:1613 Analysis of images obtained from atomic force microscopy revealed that the bacterial cellulose-pectin-xyloglucan composite with 0.3 % (w/v) xyloglucan, previously shown to have the highest number of Salmonella cells attached to it, had significantly thicker cellulose fibrils compared to other composites. 27629769 13 128 theme Salmonella 2490:2499 arg1 cells 2501:2505 Salmonella cells 2490:2505 Salmonella cells within the bacterial cellulose network 2490:2544 Pectin reduces the porosity and space between cellulose fibrils, which then forms a matrix that is able to retain Salmonella cells within the bacterial cellulose network. 27629769 7 129 theme wall 1291:1294 arg1 polysaccharides 1296:1310 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1276:1310 the plant cell wall polysaccharides 1276:1310 RESULTS We found that none of the monosaccharides that make up the plant cell wall polysaccharides specifically inhibit Salmonella attachment to the bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models. 28078649 7 0 theme acid 1217:1220 arg1 yields 1222:1227 acid yields 1217:1227 acid yields 1217:1227 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 4 1 theme water 689:693 arg1 hardwood 695:702 hot water hardwood 685:702 hot water hardwood 685:702 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 4 2 theme mixed 576:580 arg1 acids 593:597 mixed carboxylic acids 576:597 mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions 576:748 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 0 3 theme Bioproducts 73:83 arg1 Production 49:58 Production 49:58 Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing 49:119 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 6 4 theme oligomeric 900:909 arg1 hemicellulose 911:923 oligomeric hemicellulose 900:923 oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes 900:952 The extract digestions were capable of hydrolyzing oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes and converting all types of released sugars. 28078649 7 5 theme thermophilic 1111:1122 arg1 systems 1124:1130 thermophilic systems 1111:1130 thermophilic systems 1111:1130 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 2 6 theme carboxylic 354:363 arg1 acids 365:369 mixed carboxylic acids 348:369 mixed carboxylic acids 348:369 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 2 6 theme carboxylic 354:363 arg1 products 397:404 products 397:404 products 397:404 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 0 7 theme Platform 101:108 arg1 Processing 110:119 Carboxylate Platform Processing 89:119 Carboxylate Platform Processing 89:119 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg1 product 1071:1077 the main product 1062:1077 the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems 1062:1130 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg1 acid 1056:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg2 conversion 1205:1214 carbohydrate conversion 1192:1214 carbohydrate conversion 1192:1214 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg2 conversion 1180:1189 higher hydrolysis conversion 1162:1189 higher hydrolysis conversion 1162:1189 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg2 selectivity 1234:1244 selectivity 1234:1244 selectivity for C3-C7 acids 1234:1260 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg2 yields 1222:1227 acid yields 1217:1227 acid yields 1217:1227 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 8 contain had 1158:1160 arg1 fermentations 1144:1156 mesophilic fermentations 1133:1156 mesophilic fermentations 1133:1156 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 2 9 theme microbial 290:298 arg1 cultures 300:307 Mixed microbial cultures 284:307 Mixed microbial cultures 284:307 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 1 10 theme biofuels 259:266 arg1 production 245:254 the production 241:254 the production of biofuels or bioproducts 241:281 Hemicellulose extracted from wood prior to processing the wood into paper or composite materials can be a resource for the production of biofuels or bioproducts. 28078649 0 11 theme Carboxylate 89:99 arg1 Processing 110:119 Carboxylate Platform Processing 89:119 Carboxylate Platform Processing 89:119 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 2 12 theme Mixed 284:288 arg1 cultures 300:307 Mixed microbial cultures 284:307 Mixed microbial cultures 284:307 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 4 13 theme carboxylic 582:591 arg1 acids 593:597 mixed carboxylic acids 576:597 mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions 576:748 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 8 14 theme wood 1286:1289 arg1 extracts 1291:1298 the wood extracts 1282:1298 the wood extracts 1282:1298 Carbon balances on the wood extracts closed to within ±9%. 28078649 9 15 from production 1330:1339 arg1 cases 1348:1352 all cases 1344:1352 all cases 1344:1352 Methane production in all cases was essentially zero. 28078649 4 16 theme sugar 734:738 arg1 solutions 740:748 baseline sugar solutions 725:748 baseline sugar solutions 725:748 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 8 17 from balances 1270:1277 arg1 extracts 1291:1298 the wood extracts 1282:1298 the wood extracts 1282:1298 Carbon balances on the wood extracts closed to within ±9%. 28078649 4 18 theme green 668:672 arg1 liquor 674:679 unconditioned green liquor 654:679 unconditioned green liquor 654:679 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 6 19 theme sugars 991:996 arg1 types 973:977 all types 969:977 all types of released sugars 969:996 The extract digestions were capable of hydrolyzing oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes and converting all types of released sugars. 28078649 0 20 theme Acidogenic 0:9 arg1 Digestion 11:19 Acidogenic Digestion 0:19 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 0:120 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 4 21 theme unconditioned 654:666 arg1 liquor 674:679 unconditioned green liquor 654:679 unconditioned green liquor 654:679 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 7 22 theme hydrolysis 1169:1178 arg1 conversion 1180:1189 higher hydrolysis conversion 1162:1189 higher hydrolysis conversion 1162:1189 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 6 23 theme released 982:989 arg1 sugars 991:996 released sugars 982:996 released sugars 982:996 The extract digestions were capable of hydrolyzing oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes and converting all types of released sugars. 28078649 1 24 dep processing 165:174 arg1 wood 180:183 the wood 176:183 processing the wood 165:183 Hemicellulose extracted from wood prior to processing the wood into paper or composite materials can be a resource for the production of biofuels or bioproducts. 28078649 7 25 theme acetic 1049:1054 arg1 product 1071:1077 the main product 1062:1077 the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems 1062:1130 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 25 theme acetic 1049:1054 arg1 fermentations 1144:1156 mesophilic fermentations 1133:1156 mesophilic fermentations 1133:1156 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 25 theme acetic 1049:1054 arg1 acid 1056:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 2 26 theme other 434:438 arg1 biochemicals 440:451 other biochemicals 434:451 other biochemicals 434:451 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 1 27 theme bioproducts 271:281 arg1 production 245:254 the production 241:254 the production of biofuels or bioproducts 241:281 Hemicellulose extracted from wood prior to processing the wood into paper or composite materials can be a resource for the production of biofuels or bioproducts. 28078649 4 28 theme baseline 725:732 arg1 solutions 740:748 baseline sugar solutions 725:748 baseline sugar solutions 725:748 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 4 29 theme liquor 674:679 arg1 extracts 704:711 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts 605:711 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts 605:711 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 0 30 theme Pre-pulping 24:34 arg1 Extracts 36:43 Pre-pulping Extracts 24:43 Pre-pulping Extracts 24:43 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 9 31 theme Methane 1322:1328 arg1 production 1330:1339 Methane production 1322:1339 Methane production in all cases 1322:1352 Methane production in all cases was essentially zero. 28078649 1 32 theme composite 199:207 arg1 materials 209:217 composite materials 199:217 composite materials 199:217 Hemicellulose extracted from wood prior to processing the wood into paper or composite materials can be a resource for the production of biofuels or bioproducts. 28078649 7 33 theme higher 1162:1167 arg1 conversion 1180:1189 higher hydrolysis conversion 1162:1189 higher hydrolysis conversion 1162:1189 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 34 theme main 1066:1069 arg1 product 1071:1077 the main product 1062:1077 the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems 1062:1130 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 34 theme main 1066:1069 arg1 acid 1056:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 6 35 theme extract 853:859 arg1 capable 877:883 capable 877:883 capable 877:883 The extract digestions were capable of hydrolyzing oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes and converting all types of released sugars. 28078649 6 35 theme extract 853:859 arg1 digestions 861:870 The extract digestions 849:870 The extract digestions 849:870 The extract digestions were capable of hydrolyzing oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes and converting all types of released sugars. 28078649 4 36 theme hardwood 695:702 arg1 extracts 704:711 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts 605:711 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts 605:711 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 4 37 theme fermentation 633:644 arg1 extracts 704:711 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts 605:711 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts 605:711 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 7 38 theme mesophilic 1133:1142 arg1 fermentations 1144:1156 mesophilic fermentations 1133:1156 mesophilic fermentations 1133:1156 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 38 theme mesophilic 1133:1142 arg1 acid 1056:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 39 theme C3-C7 1250:1254 arg1 acids 1256:1260 C3-C7 acids 1250:1260 C3-C7 acids 1250:1260 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 40 from prominent 1015:1023 arg1 systems 1037:1043 lower pH systems 1028:1043 lower pH systems 1028:1043 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 0 41 theme Extracts 36:43 arg1 Digestion 11:19 Acidogenic Digestion 0:19 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 0:120 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 7 42 from pH. 1095:1097 arg1 product 1071:1077 the main product 1062:1077 the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems 1062:1130 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 42 from pH. 1095:1097 arg1 acid 1056:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 acetic acid 1049:1059 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 5 43 theme gas 837:839 arg1 volume 841:846 gas volume 837:846 gas volume 837:846 Daily samples were taken from the fermentations and analyzed for composition, pH, and gas volume. 28078649 3 44 theme Mixed 454:458 arg1 systems 491:497 robust conversion systems 473:497 robust conversion systems 473:497 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 28078649 3 44 theme Mixed 454:458 arg1 cultures 460:467 Mixed cultures 454:467 Mixed cultures 454:467 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 28078649 7 45 theme lower 1028:1032 arg1 systems 1037:1043 lower pH systems 1028:1043 lower pH systems 1028:1043 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 2 46 theme mixed 348:352 arg1 acids 365:369 mixed carboxylic acids 348:369 mixed carboxylic acids 348:369 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 2 46 theme mixed 348:352 arg1 products 397:404 products 397:404 products 397:404 Mixed microbial cultures are capable of converting biomass into mixed carboxylic acids, which can be purified as products or converted to biofuels or other biochemicals. 28078649 7 47 theme carbohydrate 1192:1203 arg1 conversion 1205:1214 carbohydrate conversion 1192:1214 carbohydrate conversion 1192:1214 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 6 48 theme supplemental 933:944 arg1 enzymes 946:952 supplemental enzymes 933:952 supplemental enzymes 933:952 The extract digestions were capable of hydrolyzing oligomeric hemicellulose without supplemental enzymes and converting all types of released sugars. 28078649 7 49 theme pH 1034:1035 arg1 systems 1037:1043 lower pH systems 1028:1043 lower pH systems 1028:1043 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 4 50 theme hot 685:687 arg1 hardwood 695:702 hot water hardwood 685:702 hot water hardwood 685:702 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 3 51 theme robust 473:478 arg1 systems 491:497 robust conversion systems 473:497 robust conversion systems 473:497 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 28078649 3 51 theme robust 473:478 arg1 cultures 460:467 Mixed cultures 454:467 Mixed cultures 454:467 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 28078649 4 52 theme mesophilic 605:614 arg1 fermentation 633:644 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation 605:644 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw 605:651 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 7 53 dep pH. 1095:1097 arg1 Compared 1099:1106 Compared 1099:1106 Compared to thermophilic systems 1099:1130 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 7 54 theme Lactic 999:1004 arg1 acid 1006:1009 Lactic acid 999:1009 Lactic acid 999:1009 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 3 55 theme conversion 480:489 arg1 systems 491:497 robust conversion systems 473:497 robust conversion systems 473:497 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 28078649 3 55 theme conversion 480:489 arg1 cultures 460:467 Mixed cultures 454:467 Mixed cultures 454:467 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 28078649 7 56 from systems 1037:1043 arg1 prominent 1015:1023 prominent 1015:1023 prominent 1015:1023 Lactic acid was prominent in lower pH systems and acetic acid, the main product at more neutral pH. Compared to thermophilic systems, mesophilic fermentations had higher hydrolysis conversion, carbohydrate conversion, acid yields, and selectivity for C3-C7 acids. 28078649 5 57 theme Daily 751:755 arg1 samples 757:763 Daily samples 751:763 Daily samples 751:763 Daily samples were taken from the fermentations and analyzed for composition, pH, and gas volume. 28078649 4 58 theme raw 649:651 arg1 hardwood 695:702 hot water hardwood 685:702 hot water hardwood 685:702 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 4 58 theme raw 649:651 arg1 fermentation 633:644 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation 605:644 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw 605:651 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 4 58 theme raw 649:651 arg1 liquor 674:679 unconditioned green liquor 654:679 unconditioned green liquor 654:679 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 8 59 theme Carbon 1263:1268 arg1 balances 1270:1277 Carbon balances 1263:1277 Carbon balances on the wood extracts 1263:1298 Carbon balances on the wood extracts closed to within ±9%. 28078649 1 60 theme prior 156:160 arg1 wood 151:154 wood 151:154 wood prior to processing the wood 151:183 Hemicellulose extracted from wood prior to processing the wood into paper or composite materials can be a resource for the production of biofuels or bioproducts. 28078649 4 61 theme thermophilic 620:631 arg1 fermentation 633:644 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation 605:644 mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw 605:651 We produced mixed carboxylic acids using mesophilic and thermophilic fermentation of raw, unconditioned green liquor and hot water hardwood extracts, as well as baseline sugar solutions. 28078649 0 62 theme Fuels 63:67 arg1 Production 49:58 Production 49:58 Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing 49:119 Acidogenic Digestion of Pre-pulping Extracts for Production of Fuels and Bioproducts Via Carboxylate Platform Processing. 28078649 3 63 theme added 518:522 arg1 enzymes 524:530 added enzymes 518:530 added enzymes 518:530 Mixed cultures are robust conversion systems and do not require added enzymes to hydrolyze biomass to sugars. 25259950 0 0 theme deposition 102:111 arg1 inhibition 42:51 in vitro inhibition 33:51 in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 33:111 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 6 1 theme microtiter 1083:1092 arg1 plates 1094:1099 microtiter plates 1083:1099 microtiter plates 1083:1099 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. 25259950 7 2 theme agalactosylated 1223:1237 arg1 IVIGs 1258:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 7 2 theme agalactosylated 1223:1237 arg1 IVIGs 1216:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs 1201:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs) 1201:1263 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 2 3 theme Fc 400:401 arg1 portion 403:409 the IgG Fc portion 392:409 the IgG Fc portion 392:409 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 8 4 from IVIG 1353:1356 arg1 treatment 1365:1373 the treatment 1361:1373 the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1361:1417 Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases. 25259950 1 5 theme antibody-mediated 274:290 arg1 cytotoxicity 313:324 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 257:324 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 257:324 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 0 6 theme complement 91:100 arg1 deposition 102:111 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 56:111 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 56:111 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 2 7 theme IgG 396:398 arg1 portion 403:409 the IgG Fc portion 392:409 the IgG Fc portion 392:409 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 1 8 theme complement-dependent 292:311 arg1 cytotoxicity 313:324 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 257:324 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 257:324 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 5 9 theme multifocal 874:883 arg1 neuropathy 891:900 multifocal motor neuropathy 874:900 multifocal motor neuropathy 874:900 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 7 10 theme galactosylated 1117:1130 arg1 IVIGs 1132:1136 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs 1102:1136 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs 1102:1136 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 3 11 theme antibody-mediated 589:605 arg1 cytotoxicity 628:639 antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 589:639 antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 589:639 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 2 12 theme potential 341:349 arg1 mechanisms 351:360 many potential mechanisms 336:360 many potential mechanisms of action 336:370 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 5 13 theme motor 885:889 arg1 neuropathy 891:900 multifocal motor neuropathy 874:900 multifocal motor neuropathy 874:900 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 6 14 theme deposition 982:991 arg1 Inhibition 957:966 Inhibition 957:966 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b 957:1065 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. 25259950 2 15 theme many 336:339 arg1 mechanisms 351:360 many potential mechanisms 336:360 many potential mechanisms of action 336:370 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 3 16 theme glycoforms 557:566 arg1 effects 531:537 the effects 527:537 the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 527:639 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 3 17 theme different 542:550 arg1 glycoforms 557:566 different IVIG glycoforms 542:566 different IVIG glycoforms 542:566 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 3 18 theme cytotoxicity 628:639 arg1 inhibition 575:584 the inhibition 571:584 the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 571:639 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 19 theme Guillain-Barré 180:193 arg1 syndrome 195:202 Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy 180:234 syndrome 195:202 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 4 20 gly sialylated 695:704 arg1 IgG 706:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 7 21 theme original 1184:1191 arg1 IVIG 1193:1196 original IVIG 1184:1196 original IVIG 1184:1196 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 2 22 theme anti-inflammatory 429:445 arg1 effect 447:452 an anti-inflammatory effect 426:452 an anti-inflammatory effect 426:452 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 0 23 theme IVIG 10:13 arg1 glycoforms 15:24 Different IVIG glycoforms 0:24 Different IVIG glycoforms 0:24 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 3 24 theme complement-dependent 607:626 arg1 cytotoxicity 628:639 antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 589:639 antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 589:639 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 7 25 theme Sialylated 1102:1111 arg1 IVIGs 1132:1136 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs 1102:1136 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs 1102:1136 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 7 26 theme deglycosylated 1243:1256 arg1 IVIGs 1258:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 7 26 theme deglycosylated 1243:1256 arg1 IVIGs 1216:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs 1201:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs) 1201:1263 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 0 27 theme Different 0:8 arg1 glycoforms 15:24 Different IVIG glycoforms 0:24 Different IVIG glycoforms 0:24 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 6 28 theme subsequent 993:1002 arg1 deposition 982:991 complement deposition 971:991 complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding 971:1037 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. 25259950 5 29 with patients 808:815 arg1 syndrome 837:844 Guillain-Barré syndrome 822:844 Guillain-Barré syndrome 822:844 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 5 29 with patients 808:815 arg1 neuropathy 891:900 multifocal motor neuropathy 874:900 multifocal motor neuropathy 874:900 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 5 29 with patients 808:815 arg1 syndrome 861:868 Miller Fisher syndrome 847:868 Miller Fisher syndrome 847:868 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 1 30 theme Intravenous 114:124 arg1 treatment 166:174 the first line treatment 151:174 the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 151:324 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 30 theme Intravenous 114:124 arg1 IVIG 142:145 IVIG 142:145 IVIG 142:145 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 30 theme Intravenous 114:124 arg1 immunoglobulin 126:139 Intravenous immunoglobulin 114:139 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 114:146 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 31 theme multifocal 208:217 arg1 neuropathy 225:234 Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy 180:234 neuropathy 225:234 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 2 32 contain has 332:334 arg1 IVIG 327:330 IVIG 327:330 IVIG 327:330 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 2 32 contain has 332:334 arg2 mechanisms 351:360 many potential mechanisms 336:360 many potential mechanisms of action 336:370 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 5 33 theme Miller 847:852 arg1 syndrome 861:868 Miller Fisher syndrome 847:868 Miller Fisher syndrome 847:868 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 6 34 theme complement 971:980 arg1 deposition 982:991 complement deposition 971:991 complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding 971:1037 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. 25259950 3 35 gly glycoforms 557:566 arg1 IVIG 552:555 different IVIG glycoforms 542:566 different IVIG glycoforms 542:566 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 36 theme motor 219:223 arg1 neuropathy 225:234 Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy 180:234 neuropathy 225:234 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 2 37 theme action 365:370 arg1 mechanisms 351:360 many potential mechanisms 336:360 many potential mechanisms of action 336:370 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 5 38 theme Fisher 854:859 arg1 syndrome 861:868 Miller Fisher syndrome 847:868 Miller Fisher syndrome 847:868 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 2 39 contain has 422:424 arg2 effect 447:452 an anti-inflammatory effect 426:452 an anti-inflammatory effect 426:452 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 2 39 contain has 422:424 arg1 sialylation 377:387 sialylation 377:387 sialylation of the IgG Fc portion 377:409 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 2 40 theme cell-mediated 476:488 arg1 cytotoxicity 490:501 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 457:501 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models 457:508 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 4 41 theme galactosylated 676:689 arg1 IgG 706:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 8 42 theme galactosylated 1292:1305 arg1 IVIGs 1307:1311 galactosylated IVIGs 1292:1311 galactosylated IVIGs 1292:1311 Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases. 25259950 4 43 with treatment 744:752 arg1 glycosyltransferases 776:795 glycosyltransferases 776:795 glycosyltransferases 776:795 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 4 43 with treatment 744:752 arg1 glycosidases 759:770 glycosidases 759:770 glycosidases 759:770 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 2 44 theme antibody-dependent 457:474 arg1 cytotoxicity 490:501 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 457:501 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models 457:508 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 0 45 theme in 33:34 arg1 inhibition 42:51 in vitro inhibition 33:51 in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 33:111 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 4 46 theme sialylated 695:704 arg1 IgG 706:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 8 47 theme conventional 1340:1351 arg1 IVIG 1353:1356 conventional IVIG 1340:1356 conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1340:1417 Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases. 25259950 7 48 theme enzyme-treated 1201:1214 arg1 IVIGs 1258:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 7 48 theme enzyme-treated 1201:1214 arg1 IVIGs 1216:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs 1201:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs) 1201:1263 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 8 49 theme autoimmune 1399:1408 arg1 diseases 1410:1417 complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1378:1417 complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1378:1417 Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases. 25259950 6 50 dep IgG 1007:1009 arg1 binding 1031:1037 autoantibody binding 1018:1037 autoantibody binding 1018:1037 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. 25259950 5 51 from patients 808:815 arg1 Sera 798:801 Sera 798:801 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies 798:944 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 4 52 theme degalactosylated 658:673 arg1 IgG 706:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 0 53 gly glycoforms 15:24 arg1 IVIG 10:13 Different IVIG glycoforms 0:24 Different IVIG glycoforms 0:24 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 3 54 from effects 531:537 arg1 inhibition 575:584 the inhibition 571:584 the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 571:639 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 7 55 gly deglycosylated 1243:1256 arg1 IVIGs 1258:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs 1223:1262 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 7 55 gly deglycosylated 1243:1256 arg1 IVIGs 1216:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs 1201:1220 enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs) 1201:1263 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 5 56 used used 951:954 arg2 Sera 798:801 Sera 798:801 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies 798:944 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 5 57 theme Guillain-Barré 822:835 arg1 syndrome 837:844 Guillain-Barré syndrome 822:844 Guillain-Barré syndrome 822:844 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 6 58 theme autoantibody 1018:1029 arg1 binding 1031:1037 autoantibody binding 1018:1037 autoantibody binding 1018:1037 Inhibition of complement deposition subsequent to IgG or IgM autoantibody binding to ganglioside, GM1 or GQ1b was assessed on microtiter plates. 25259950 0 59 dep in 33:34 arg1 vitro 36:40 vitro 36:40 vitro 36:40 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 4 60 theme Deglycosylated 642:655 arg1 IgG 706:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 5 61 theme anti-ganglioside 918:933 arg1 antibodies 935:944 anti-ganglioside antibodies 918:944 anti-ganglioside antibodies 918:944 Sera from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies were used. 25259950 3 62 theme IVIG 552:555 arg1 glycoforms 557:566 different IVIG glycoforms 542:566 different IVIG glycoforms 542:566 We investigated the effects of different IVIG glycoforms on the inhibition of antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 7 63 theme C3 1165:1166 arg1 deposition 1168:1177 C3 deposition 1165:1177 C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs) 1165:1263 Sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs more effectively inhibited C3 deposition than original IVIG or enzyme-treated IVIGs (agalactosylated and deglycosylated IVIGs). 25259950 2 64 gly sialylation 377:387 arg1 portion 403:409 the IgG Fc portion 392:409 the IgG Fc portion 392:409 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 8 65 theme complement-dependent 1378:1397 arg1 diseases 1410:1417 complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1378:1417 complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1378:1417 Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases. 25259950 2 66 theme portion 403:409 arg1 sialylation 377:387 sialylation 377:387 sialylation of the IgG Fc portion 377:409 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 0 67 theme antibody-mediated 73:89 arg1 deposition 102:111 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 56:111 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 56:111 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 2 68 theme cytotoxicity 490:501 arg1 models 503:508 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models 457:508 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models 457:508 IVIG has many potential mechanisms of action, and sialylation of the IgG Fc portion reportedly has an anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity models. 25259950 1 69 theme first 155:159 arg1 immunoglobulin 126:139 Intravenous immunoglobulin 114:139 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 114:146 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 69 theme first 155:159 arg1 treatment 166:174 the first line treatment 151:174 the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 151:324 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 0 70 theme anti-ganglioside 56:71 arg1 deposition 102:111 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 56:111 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition 56:111 Different IVIG glycoforms affect in vitro inhibition of anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement deposition. 25259950 8 71 theme diseases 1410:1417 arg1 treatment 1365:1373 the treatment 1361:1373 the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases 1361:1417 Therefore, sialylated and galactosylated IVIGs may be more effective than conventional IVIG in the treatment of complement-dependent autoimmune diseases. 25259950 4 72 gly Deglycosylated 642:655 arg1 IgG 706:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG 642:708 Deglycosylated, degalactosylated, galactosylated and sialylated IgG were prepared from IVIG following treatment with glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 25259950 1 73 theme line 161:164 arg1 immunoglobulin 126:139 Intravenous immunoglobulin 114:139 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 114:146 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 73 theme line 161:164 arg1 treatment 166:174 the first line treatment 151:174 the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 151:324 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 25259950 1 74 theme anti-ganglioside 257:272 arg1 cytotoxicity 313:324 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 257:324 anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity 257:324 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome and multifocal motor neuropathy, which are caused by anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity. 29088064 0 0 theme Cortex 90:95 arg1 Periplocae 97:106 Cortex Periplocae 90:106 Cortex Periplocae 90:106 Purification, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cortex Periplocae. 29088064 6 1 theme polysaccharides 901:915 arg1 activities 875:884 the antioxidant activities 859:884 the antioxidant activities of these three polysaccharides 859:915 In addition, the antioxidant activities of these three polysaccharides were investigated. 29088064 5 2 theme gel 657:659 arg1 HPGPC 688:692 HPGPC 688:692 HPGPC 688:692 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 2 theme gel 657:659 arg1 chromatography 672:685 high-performance gel permeation chromatography 640:685 high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 640:693 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 9 3 from sources 1401:1407 arg1 food 1452:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 4 theme additives 1424:1432 arg1 cosmetics 1458:1466 cosmetics 1458:1466 cosmetics 1458:1466 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 4 theme additives 1424:1432 arg1 polysaccharides 1346:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 4 theme additives 1424:1432 arg1 industries 1488:1497 pharmaceutical industries 1473:1497 pharmaceutical industries 1473:1497 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 4 theme additives 1424:1432 arg1 sources 1401:1407 potential natural sources 1383:1407 potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food 1383:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 8 5 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1136:1164 arg1 radical 1173:1179 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 1136:1179 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 1136:1179 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 5 6 theme permeation 661:670 arg1 HPGPC 688:692 HPGPC 688:692 HPGPC 688:692 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 6 theme permeation 661:670 arg1 chromatography 672:685 high-performance gel permeation chromatography 640:685 high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 640:693 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 9 7 from cosmetics 1458:1466 arg1 food 1452:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 8 8 from activities 1100:1109 arg1 assays 1119:1124 four assays 1114:1124 four assays 1114:1124 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 8 9 theme DPPH 1167:1170 arg1 radical 1173:1179 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 1136:1179 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 1136:1179 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 9 10 theme functional 1441:1450 arg1 food 1452:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 3 11 theme anion 346:350 arg1 chromatography 361:374 DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography 338:374 DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography 338:374 Then, they were further purified and separated through DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. 29088064 5 12 theme CPPs 614:617 arg1 weights 527:533 The average molecular weights 505:533 The average molecular weights 505:533 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 12 theme CPPs 614:617 arg1 analysis 551:558 monosaccharide analysis 536:558 monosaccharide analysis 536:558 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 12 theme CPPs 614:617 arg1 morphology 569:578 surface morphology 561:578 surface morphology 561:578 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 12 theme CPPs 614:617 arg1 compositions 594:605 chemical compositions 585:605 chemical compositions 585:605 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 3 13 theme exchange 352:359 arg1 chromatography 361:374 DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography 338:374 DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography 338:374 Then, they were further purified and separated through DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. 29088064 6 14 theme antioxidant 863:873 arg1 activities 875:884 the antioxidant activities 859:884 the antioxidant activities of these three polysaccharides 859:915 In addition, the antioxidant activities of these three polysaccharides were investigated. 29088064 8 15 theme 2,2'-azino-bis 1182:1195 arg1 radical 1244:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 9 16 used utilized 1371:1378 arg2 cosmetics 1458:1466 cosmetics 1458:1466 cosmetics 1458:1466 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 16 used utilized 1371:1378 arg2 industries 1488:1497 pharmaceutical industries 1473:1497 pharmaceutical industries 1473:1497 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 16 used utilized 1371:1378 arg2 sources 1401:1407 potential natural sources 1383:1407 potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food 1383:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 16 used utilized 1371:1378 arg2 polysaccharides 1346:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 5 17 theme UV-vis 742:747 arg1 spectroscopy 749:760 UV-vis spectroscopy 742:760 UV-vis spectroscopy 742:760 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 3 18 theme gel 395:397 arg1 chromatography 410:423 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography 380:423 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography 380:423 Then, they were further purified and separated through DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. 29088064 8 19 theme antioxidant 1088:1098 arg1 activities 1100:1109 antioxidant activities 1088:1109 antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity 1088:1298 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 8 19 theme antioxidant 1088:1098 arg1 activity 1291:1298 total antioxidant activity 1273:1298 total antioxidant activity 1273:1298 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 8 19 theme antioxidant 1088:1098 arg1 power 1262:1266 reducing power 1253:1266 reducing power 1253:1266 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 8 19 theme antioxidant 1088:1098 arg1 radical 1173:1179 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 1136:1179 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 1136:1179 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 8 19 theme antioxidant 1088:1098 arg1 radical 1244:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 3 20 theme filtration 399:408 arg1 chromatography 410:423 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography 380:423 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography 380:423 Then, they were further purified and separated through DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. 29088064 5 21 theme high-performance 640:655 arg1 HPGPC 688:692 HPGPC 688:692 HPGPC 688:692 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 21 theme high-performance 640:655 arg1 chromatography 672:685 high-performance gel permeation chromatography 640:685 high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 640:693 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 8 22 theme reducing 1253:1260 arg1 power 1262:1266 reducing power 1253:1266 reducing power 1253:1266 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 3 23 theme Sephadex 380:387 arg1 chromatography 410:423 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography 380:423 Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography 380:423 Then, they were further purified and separated through DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. 29088064 5 24 theme chromatography-mass 700:718 arg1 spectrometry 720:731 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 696:731 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 696:739 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 24 theme chromatography-mass 700:718 arg1 GC/MS 734:738 GC/MS 734:738 GC/MS 734:738 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 25 theme chemical 585:592 arg1 compositions 594:605 chemical compositions 585:605 chemical compositions 585:605 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 8 26 theme acid 1231:1234 arg1 radical 1244:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 9 27 theme potential 1383:1391 arg1 polysaccharides 1346:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 27 theme potential 1383:1391 arg1 sources 1401:1407 potential natural sources 1383:1407 potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food 1383:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 5 28 theme magnetic 820:827 arg1 NMR 840:842 NMR 840:842 NMR 840:842 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 28 theme magnetic 820:827 arg1 resonance 829:837 nuclear magnetic resonance 812:837 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 812:843 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 9 29 theme pharmaceutical 1473:1486 arg1 polysaccharides 1346:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 29 theme pharmaceutical 1473:1486 arg1 industries 1488:1497 pharmaceutical industries 1473:1497 pharmaceutical industries 1473:1497 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 0 30 theme Antioxidant 36:46 arg1 Activity 48:55 Antioxidant Activity 36:55 Antioxidant Activity 36:55 Purification, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cortex Periplocae. 29088064 8 31 theme antioxidant 1279:1289 arg1 activity 1291:1298 total antioxidant activity 1273:1298 total antioxidant activity 1273:1298 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 5 32 theme FT-IR 791:795 arg1 spectrum 798:805 (FT-IR) spectrum 790:805 (FT-IR) spectrum 790:805 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 33 dep Fourier 763:769 arg1 transform 771:779 transform 771:779 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum 771:805 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 34 theme nuclear 812:818 arg1 NMR 840:842 NMR 840:842 NMR 840:842 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 34 theme nuclear 812:818 arg1 resonance 829:837 nuclear magnetic resonance 812:837 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 812:843 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 35 theme monosaccharide 536:549 arg1 analysis 551:558 monosaccharide analysis 536:558 monosaccharide analysis 536:558 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 8 36 theme total 1273:1277 arg1 activity 1291:1298 total antioxidant activity 1273:1298 total antioxidant activity 1273:1298 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 0 37 theme Polysaccharides 60:74 arg1 Characterization 14:29 Characterization 14:29 Characterization 14:29 Purification, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cortex Periplocae. 29088064 0 37 theme Polysaccharides 60:74 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cortex Periplocae. 29088064 0 37 theme Polysaccharides 60:74 arg1 Activity 48:55 Antioxidant Activity 36:55 Antioxidant Activity 36:55 Purification, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides Isolated from Cortex Periplocae. 29088064 8 38 theme ABTS 1238:1241 arg1 radical 1244:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 5 39 dep transform 771:779 arg1 infrared 781:788 infrared 781:788 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum 771:805 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 4 40 theme main 446:449 arg1 fractions-CPP1 451:464 Three main fractions-CPP1 440:464 Three main fractions-CPP1 440:464 Three main fractions-CPP1, CPP2, and CPP3, (CPPs)-were obtained. 29088064 4 40 theme main 446:449 arg1 CPPs 484:487 CPPs 484:487 CPPs 484:487 Three main fractions-CPP1, CPP2, and CPP3, (CPPs)-were obtained. 29088064 4 41 dep -were 489:493 arg1 obtained 495:502 obtained 495:502 -were obtained 489:502 Three main fractions-CPP1, CPP2, and CPP3, (CPPs)-were obtained. 29088064 2 42 theme papain-Sevage 260:272 arg1 methods 274:280 papain-Sevage methods 260:280 papain-Sevage methods 260:280 CCPPs were decolored with AB-8 resin and deproteinated using papain-Sevage methods. 29088064 5 43 theme surface 561:567 arg1 morphology 569:578 surface morphology 561:578 surface morphology 561:578 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 1 44 theme crude 124:128 arg1 polysaccharides 148:162 crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides 124:162 crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) 124:170 In this study, crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) were extracted with water. 29088064 1 44 theme crude 124:128 arg1 CCPPs 165:169 CCPPs 165:169 CCPPs 165:169 In this study, crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) were extracted with water. 29088064 9 45 theme natural 1393:1399 arg1 polysaccharides 1346:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 these three polysaccharides 1334:1360 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 9 45 theme natural 1393:1399 arg1 sources 1401:1407 potential natural sources 1383:1407 potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food 1383:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 5 46 theme gas 696:698 arg1 spectrometry 720:731 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 696:731 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) 696:739 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 5 46 theme gas 696:698 arg1 GC/MS 734:738 GC/MS 734:738 GC/MS 734:738 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 9 47 from industries 1488:1497 arg1 food 1452:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 the functional food 1437:1455 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 29088064 5 48 theme average 509:515 arg1 weights 527:533 The average molecular weights 505:533 The average molecular weights 505:533 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 1 49 theme Cortex 130:135 arg1 polysaccharides 148:162 crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides 124:162 crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) 124:170 In this study, crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) were extracted with water. 29088064 1 49 theme Cortex 130:135 arg1 CCPPs 165:169 CCPPs 165:169 CCPPs 165:169 In this study, crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) were extracted with water. 29088064 5 50 theme molecular 517:525 arg1 weights 527:533 The average molecular weights 505:533 The average molecular weights 505:533 The average molecular weights, monosaccharide analysis, surface morphology, and chemical compositions of the CPPs were investigated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 29088064 1 51 theme Periplocae 137:146 arg1 polysaccharides 148:162 crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides 124:162 crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) 124:170 In this study, crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) were extracted with water. 29088064 1 51 theme Periplocae 137:146 arg1 CCPPs 165:169 CCPPs 165:169 CCPPs 165:169 In this study, crude Cortex Periplocae polysaccharides (CCPPs) were extracted with water. 29088064 3 52 theme DEAE-52 338:344 arg1 chromatography 361:374 DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography 338:374 DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography 338:374 Then, they were further purified and separated through DEAE-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. 29088064 8 53 theme 3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic 1197:1229 arg1 radical 1244:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 1182:1250 These three polysaccharides exhibited antioxidant activities in four assays including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity in vitro. 29088064 9 54 theme alternative 1412:1422 arg1 additives 1424:1432 alternative additives 1412:1432 alternative additives 1412:1432 The data indicated that these three polysaccharides could be utilized as potential natural sources of alternative additives in the functional food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. 24514561 0 0 theme microalga 79:87 arg1 pathway 60:66 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway 18:66 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga 18:87 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 0 1 dep study 123:127 arg1 Genes 0:4 Genes 0:4 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. 0:104 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 0 2 theme red 75:77 arg1 microalga 79:87 the red microalga 71:87 the red microalga 71:87 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 8 3 theme other 1516:1520 arg1 organisms 1522:1530 other organisms 1516:1530 other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.) 1516:1562 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 8 4 theme known 1374:1378 arg1 sequences 1404:1412 almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences 1363:1412 almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences 1363:1412 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 5 5 from pathway 909:915 arg1 sp. 933:935 Porphyridium sp. 920:935 Porphyridium sp. 920:935 In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. 24514561 3 6 theme valuable 537:544 arg1 microalga 486:494 the red microalga 478:494 the red microalga 478:494 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 3 6 theme valuable 537:544 arg1 source 546:551 a potentially valuable source 523:551 a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals 523:625 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 8 7 theme sp. 1448:1450 arg1 pathway 1424:1430 the ER pathway 1417:1430 the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp. 1417:1450 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 2 8 theme biological 319:328 arg1 process 330:336 this important biological process 304:336 this important biological process 304:336 Although this important biological process has been extensively studied in mammals, only limited knowledge exists regarding glycosylation in algae. 24514561 6 9 theme sequence 998:1005 arg1 similarities 1007:1018 sequence similarities 998:1018 sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) 998:1124 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 2 10 theme important 309:317 arg1 process 330:336 this important biological process 304:336 this important biological process 304:336 Although this important biological process has been extensively studied in mammals, only limited knowledge exists regarding glycosylation in algae. 24514561 7 11 theme encoded-genes 1258:1270 arg1 identification 1237:1250 the identification 1233:1250 the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp 1233:1336 This approach led to the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 24514561 2 12 theme limited 384:390 arg1 knowledge 392:400 only limited knowledge 379:400 only limited knowledge 379:400 Although this important biological process has been extensively studied in mammals, only limited knowledge exists regarding glycosylation in algae. 24514561 7 13 theme N-glycosylation 1295:1309 arg1 pathway 1311:1317 the ER N-glycosylation pathway 1288:1317 the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp 1288:1336 This approach led to the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 24514561 3 14 theme various 557:563 arg1 food 601:604 food 601:604 food 601:604 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 3 14 theme various 557:563 arg1 pharmaceuticals 611:625 pharmaceuticals 611:625 pharmaceuticals 611:625 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 3 14 theme various 557:563 arg1 therapy 592:598 skin therapy 587:598 skin therapy 587:598 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 3 14 theme various 557:563 arg1 applications 565:576 various applications 557:576 various applications 557:576 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 0 15 theme reticulum 34:42 arg1 pathway 60:66 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway 18:66 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga 18:87 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 4 16 theme regulation 769:778 arg1 s 749:749 the mechanism(s) 735:750 the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation 735:778 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 4 16 theme regulation 769:778 arg1 unknown 794:800 unknown 794:800 unknown 794:800 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 6 17 theme conserved 1109:1117 arg1 parts 1119:1123 their conserved parts 1103:1123 their conserved parts 1103:1123 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 1 18 theme important 165:173 arg1 modifications 194:206 the most important post-translational modifications 156:206 the most important post-translational modifications 156:206 N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. 24514561 6 19 theme algae 1175:1179 arg1 contigs 1194:1200 algae DNA scaffold contigs 1175:1200 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 1 20 theme post-translational 175:192 arg1 modifications 194:206 the most important post-translational modifications 156:206 the most important post-translational modifications 156:206 N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. 24514561 5 21 theme bioinformatic 946:958 arg1 approach 960:967 a bioinformatic approach 944:967 a bioinformatic approach 944:967 In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. 24514561 4 22 theme genetic 761:767 arg1 regulation 769:778 their genetic regulation 755:778 their genetic regulation 755:778 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 1 23 theme modifications 194:206 arg1 one 149:151 one 149:151 one 149:151 N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. 24514561 1 23 theme modifications 194:206 arg1 modifications 194:206 the most important post-translational modifications 156:206 the most important post-translational modifications 156:206 N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. 24514561 5 24 theme pioneering 834:843 arg1 attempt 845:851 our pioneering attempt 830:851 our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 830:935 In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. 24514561 7 25 from pathway 1311:1317 arg1 sp 1335:1336 Porphyridium sp 1322:1336 Porphyridium sp 1322:1336 This approach led to the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 24514561 6 26 from function 1159:1166 arg1 database 1202:1209 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 6 27 theme N-glycosylation 1068:1082 arg1 pathway 1084:1090 the ER N-glycosylation pathway 1061:1090 the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) 1061:1124 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 8 28 theme protein 1396:1402 arg1 sequences 1404:1412 almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences 1363:1412 almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences 1363:1412 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 0 29 theme bioinformatic 109:121 arg1 study 123:127 a bioinformatic study 107:127 a bioinformatic study 107:127 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 3 30 theme skin 587:590 arg1 therapy 592:598 skin therapy 587:598 skin therapy 587:598 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 6 31 theme ER 1065:1066 arg1 pathway 1084:1090 the ER N-glycosylation pathway 1061:1090 the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) 1061:1124 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 3 32 theme current 447:453 arg1 research 455:462 The current research 443:462 The current research 443:462 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 6 33 theme Homology 970:977 arg1 searches 979:986 Homology searches 970:986 Homology searches 970:986 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 3 34 theme red 482:484 arg1 microalga 486:494 the red microalga 478:494 the red microalga 478:494 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 3 34 theme red 482:484 arg1 source 546:551 a potentially valuable source 523:551 a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals 523:625 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 4 35 theme N-glycans 687:695 arg1 biosynthesis 656:667 biosynthesis 656:667 biosynthesis 656:667 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 4 35 theme N-glycans 687:695 arg1 processing 673:682 processing 673:682 processing 673:682 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 1 36 theme protein 223:229 arg1 polymorphism 231:242 protein polymorphism 223:242 protein polymorphism 223:242 N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. 24514561 0 37 theme endoplasmic 22:32 arg1 reticulum 34:42 the endoplasmic reticulum 18:42 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga 18:87 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 4 38 dep biosynthesis 656:667 arg1 the 652:654 the 652:654 the 652:654 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 7 39 theme Porphyridium 1322:1333 arg1 sp 1335:1336 Porphyridium sp 1322:1336 Porphyridium sp 1322:1336 This approach led to the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 24514561 6 40 theme TBLASTN 1151:1157 arg1 function 1159:1166 the TBLASTN function 1147:1166 the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1147:1209 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 0 41 theme N-glycosylation 44:58 arg1 pathway 60:66 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway 18:66 the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga 18:87 Genes involved in the endoplasmic reticulum N-glycosylation pathway of the red microalga Porphyridium sp.: a bioinformatic study. 24514561 6 42 theme contigs 1194:1200 arg1 database 1202:1209 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 8 43 located found 1353:1357 arg1 pathway 1424:1430 the ER pathway 1417:1430 the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp. 1417:1450 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 8 43 located found 1353:1357 arg2 Homologs 1339:1346 Homologs 1339:1346 Homologs 1339:1346 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 8 44 theme ER 1421:1422 arg1 pathway 1424:1430 the ER pathway 1417:1430 the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp. 1417:1450 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 4 45 theme mechanism 739:747 arg1 s 749:749 the mechanism(s) 735:750 the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation 735:778 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 4 45 theme mechanism 739:747 arg1 unknown 794:800 unknown 794:800 unknown 794:800 The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of N-glycans remain undefined in this species, and the mechanism(s) of their genetic regulation is completely unknown. 24514561 5 46 theme endoplasmic 871:881 arg1 reticulum 883:891 endoplasmic reticulum 871:891 the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 867:935 In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. 24514561 8 47 theme N-glycosylation 1380:1394 arg1 sequences 1404:1412 almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences 1363:1412 almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences 1363:1412 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 6 48 theme DNA 1181:1183 arg1 contigs 1194:1200 algae DNA scaffold contigs 1175:1200 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 3 49 dep microalga 486:494 arg1 sp. 509:511 Porphyridium sp. 496:511 Porphyridium sp. 496:511 The current research is focused on the red microalga Porphyridium sp., which is a potentially valuable source for various applications, such as skin therapy, food, and pharmaceuticals. 24514561 7 50 theme ER 1292:1293 arg1 pathway 1311:1317 the ER N-glycosylation pathway 1288:1317 the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp 1288:1336 This approach led to the identification of 24 encoded-genes implicated with the ER N-glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 24514561 5 51 theme reticulum 883:891 arg1 pathway 909:915 the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway 867:915 the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 867:935 In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. 24514561 6 52 theme scaffold 1185:1192 arg1 contigs 1194:1200 algae DNA scaffold contigs 1175:1200 the algae DNA scaffold contigs database 1171:1209 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 1 53 theme protein 255:261 arg1 structures 263:272 protein structures 255:272 protein structures 255:272 N-glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications that influence protein polymorphism, including protein structures and their functions. 24514561 6 54 with similarities 1007:1018 arg1 genes 1025:1029 genes 1025:1029 genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) 1025:1124 Homology searches, based on sequence similarities with genes encoding proteins involved in the ER N-glycosylation pathway (including their conserved parts) were conducted using the TBLASTN function on the algae DNA scaffold contigs database. 24514561 5 55 theme N-Glycosylation 893:907 arg1 pathway 909:915 the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway 867:915 the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp. 867:935 In this study, we describe our pioneering attempt to understand the endoplasmic reticulum N-Glycosylation pathway in Porphyridium sp., using a bioinformatic approach. 24514561 8 56 dep organisms 1522:1530 arg1 yeasts 1550:1555 yeasts 1550:1555 yeasts 1550:1555 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 8 56 dep organisms 1522:1530 arg1 plants 1542:1547 plants 1542:1547 plants 1542:1547 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 8 56 dep organisms 1522:1530 arg1 animals 1533:1539 animals 1533:1539 animals 1533:1539 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 24514561 8 56 dep organisms 1522:1530 arg1 etc 1558:1560 etc 1558:1560 etc 1558:1560 Homologs were found for almost all known N-glycosylation protein sequences in the ER pathway of Porphyridium sp.; thus, suggesting that the ER-pathway is conserved; as it is in other organisms (animals, plants, yeasts, etc.). 25505447 8 0 theme posttranslational 1592:1608 arg1 modification 1610:1621 this posttranslational modification 1587:1621 this posttranslational modification 1587:1621 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 5 1 from members 892:898 arg1 metabolism 950:959 trehalose metabolism 940:959 trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) 940:981 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 5 1 from members 892:898 arg1 HBP 907:909 the HBP 903:909 the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) 903:934 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 2 2 theme N-linked 380:387 arg1 glycans 402:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 6 3 theme oga-1 1118:1122 arg1 mutants 1124:1130 the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants 1104:1130 mutants 1124:1130 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 2 4 theme UDP-GlcNAc 488:497 arg1 use 460:462 the use 456:462 the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 456:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 7 5 theme genes 1399:1403 arg1 production 1338:1347 nucleotide sugar production 1321:1347 nucleotide sugar production 1321:1347 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 7 5 theme genes 1399:1403 arg1 composition 1365:1375 overall glycan composition 1350:1375 overall glycan composition 1350:1375 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 7 5 theme genes 1399:1403 arg1 transcription 1382:1394 transcription 1382:1394 transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes 1382:1438 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 8 6 theme nutrient 1632:1639 arg1 sensing 1641:1647 nutrient sensing 1632:1647 nutrient sensing 1632:1647 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 2 7 theme hexosamine 523:532 arg1 HBP 556:558 HBP 556:558 HBP 556:558 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 7 theme hexosamine 523:532 arg1 pathway 547:553 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 519:553 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 519:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 0 8 from Disruption 0:9 arg1 elegans 37:43 C. elegans 34:43 C. elegans 34:43 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 7 9 theme sugar 1332:1336 arg1 production 1338:1347 nucleotide sugar production 1321:1347 nucleotide sugar production 1321:1347 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 6 10 theme O-linked 1184:1191 arg1 glycans 1193:1199 O-linked glycans 1184:1199 O-linked glycans 1184:1199 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 4 11 theme steady-state 764:775 arg1 levels 777:782 steady-state levels 764:782 steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose 764:823 In ogt-1 null animals, steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose were substantially elevated. 25505447 4 12 theme null 750:753 arg1 animals 755:761 ogt-1 null animals 744:761 ogt-1 null animals 744:761 In ogt-1 null animals, steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose were substantially elevated. 25505447 1 13 theme cell 270:273 arg1 signaling 275:283 cell signaling 270:283 cell signaling 270:283 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 0 14 theme Complex 81:87 arg1 Glycans 89:95 Complex Glycans 81:95 Complex Glycans 81:95 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 2 15 link N-linked 380:387 arg1 glycans 402:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 1 16 dep serine 131:136 arg1 residues 152:159 residues 152:159 residues 152:159 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 2 17 theme other 336:340 arg1 modifications 355:367 other carbohydrate modifications 336:367 other carbohydrate modifications 336:367 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 17 theme other 336:340 arg1 glycolipids 411:421 glycolipids 411:421 glycolipids 411:421 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 17 theme other 336:340 arg1 glycans 402:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 17 theme other 336:340 arg1 polymers 434:441 sugar polymers 428:441 sugar polymers 428:441 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 1 18 theme O-linked 166:173 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 181:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine 166:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 166:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 18 theme O-linked 166:173 arg1 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 2 19 link O-linked 393:400 arg1 glycans 402:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 0 20 theme C. 34:35 arg1 elegans 37:43 C. elegans 34:43 C. elegans 34:43 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 5 21 dep metabolism 950:959 arg1 tps-2 976:980 tps-2 976:980 tps-2 976:980 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 5 21 dep metabolism 950:959 arg1 tre-2 969:973 tre-2 969:973 tre-2 969:973 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 5 21 dep metabolism 950:959 arg1 tre-1 962:966 tre-1 962:966 tre-1 962:966 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 7 22 theme nucleotide 1321:1330 arg1 production 1338:1347 nucleotide sugar production 1321:1347 nucleotide sugar production 1321:1347 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 7 23 theme processing 1421:1430 arg1 enzymes 1432:1438 glycan processing enzymes 1414:1438 glycan processing enzymes 1414:1438 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 1 24 theme beta- 175:179 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 181:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine 166:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 166:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 24 theme beta- 175:179 arg1 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 3 25 theme O-GlcNAcase 717:727 arg1 activities 729:738 O-GlcNAcase activities 717:738 O-GlcNAcase activities 717:738 In this paper, we describe the biochemical consequences resulting from perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway in C. elegans lacking O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase activities. 25505447 1 26 link O-linked 166:173 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 181:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine 166:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 166:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 26 link O-linked 166:173 arg1 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 0 27 theme Sugar 65:69 arg1 Pools 71:75 Nucleotide Sugar Pools 54:75 Nucleotide Sugar Pools 54:75 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 4 28 theme ogt-1 744:748 arg1 animals 755:761 ogt-1 null animals 744:761 ogt-1 null animals 744:761 In ogt-1 null animals, steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose were substantially elevated. 25505447 6 29 link O-linked 1184:1191 arg1 glycans 1193:1199 O-linked glycans 1184:1199 O-linked glycans 1184:1199 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 1 30 with modification 115:126 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 181:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine 166:199 O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 166:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 30 with modification 115:126 arg1 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 O-GlcNAc 202:209 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 5 31 theme key 888:890 arg1 members 892:898 key members 888:898 key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) 888:981 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 5 32 theme trehalose 940:948 arg1 metabolism 950:959 trehalose metabolism 940:959 trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) 940:981 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 0 33 theme Cycling 23:29 arg1 Disruption 0:9 Disruption 0:9 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans 0:43 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 5 34 dep HBP 907:909 arg1 gfat-2 912:917 gfat-2 912:917 gfat-2 912:917 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 5 34 dep HBP 907:909 arg1 C36A4.4 927:933 C36A4.4 927:933 C36A4.4 927:933 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 5 34 dep HBP 907:909 arg1 gna-2 920:924 gna-2 920:924 gna-2 920:924 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 0 35 theme O-GlcNAc 14:21 arg1 Cycling 23:29 O-GlcNAc Cycling 14:29 O-GlcNAc Cycling 14:29 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 6 36 theme insensitive 1141:1151 arg1 glycans 1133:1139 glycans 1133:1139 glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) 1133:1232 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 6 37 link N-linked 1084:1091 arg1 glycans 1093:1099 N-linked glycans 1084:1099 N-linked glycans 1084:1099 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 2 38 theme O-GlcNAc 303:310 arg1 modification 312:323 The O-GlcNAc modification 299:323 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, 299:442 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 5 39 theme genes 869:873 arg1 Transcripts 854:864 Transcripts 854:864 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) 854:981 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 2 40 theme sugar 482:486 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 488:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 40 theme sugar 482:486 arg1 product 508:514 the end product 500:514 the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 500:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 41 theme pathway 547:553 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 488:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 41 theme pathway 547:553 arg1 product 508:514 the end product 500:514 the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 500:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 8 42 dep influence 1577:1585 arg1 plays 1623:1627 plays 1623:1627 plays in nutrient sensing 1623:1647 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 7 43 theme glycan 1358:1363 arg1 composition 1365:1375 overall glycan composition 1350:1375 overall glycan composition 1350:1375 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 2 44 theme sugar 428:432 arg1 polymers 434:441 sugar polymers 428:441 sugar polymers 428:441 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 45 theme nucleotide 471:480 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 488:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 45 theme nucleotide 471:480 arg1 product 508:514 the end product 500:514 the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 500:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 8 46 theme noteworthy 1566:1575 arg1 influence 1577:1585 the noteworthy influence 1562:1585 the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing 1562:1647 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 2 47 theme biosynthetic 534:545 arg1 HBP 556:558 HBP 556:558 HBP 556:558 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 47 theme biosynthetic 534:545 arg1 pathway 547:553 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway 519:553 the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 519:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 5 48 theme ogt-1 1000:1004 arg1 animals 1011:1017 ogt-1 null animals 1000:1017 ogt-1 null animals 1000:1017 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 8 49 theme O-GlcNAc 1504:1511 arg1 cycling 1513:1519 O-GlcNAc cycling 1504:1519 O-GlcNAc cycling 1504:1519 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 5 50 theme null 1006:1009 arg1 animals 1011:1017 ogt-1 null animals 1000:1017 ogt-1 null animals 1000:1017 Transcripts of genes encoding for key members in the HBP (gfat-2, gna-2, C36A4.4) and trehalose metabolism (tre-1, tre-2, tps-2) were elevated in ogt-1 null animals. 25505447 7 51 theme glycan 1414:1419 arg1 enzymes 1432:1438 glycan processing enzymes 1414:1438 glycan processing enzymes 1414:1438 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 1 52 theme carbohydrate 102:113 arg1 modification 115:126 The carbohydrate modification 98:126 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 98:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 52 theme carbohydrate 102:113 arg1 ubiquitous 215:224 ubiquitous 215:224 ubiquitous 215:224 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 8 53 from disruption 1490:1499 arg1 cycling 1513:1519 O-GlcNAc cycling 1504:1519 O-GlcNAc cycling 1504:1519 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 8 54 theme previous 1467:1474 arg1 findings 1476:1483 our previous findings 1463:1483 our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage 1463:1548 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 6 55 theme glycans 1093:1099 arg1 profile 1073:1079 the profile 1069:1079 the profile of N-linked glycans 1069:1099 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 4 56 theme UDP-glucose 813:823 arg1 levels 777:782 steady-state levels 764:782 steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose 764:823 In ogt-1 null animals, steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose were substantially elevated. 25505447 8 57 theme macronutrient 1528:1540 arg1 storage 1542:1548 macronutrient storage 1528:1548 macronutrient storage 1528:1548 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 7 58 theme overall 1350:1356 arg1 composition 1365:1375 overall glycan composition 1350:1375 overall glycan composition 1350:1375 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 2 59 theme carbohydrate 342:353 arg1 modifications 355:367 other carbohydrate modifications 336:367 other carbohydrate modifications 336:367 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 59 theme carbohydrate 342:353 arg1 glycolipids 411:421 glycolipids 411:421 glycolipids 411:421 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 59 theme carbohydrate 342:353 arg1 glycans 402:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 59 theme carbohydrate 342:353 arg1 polymers 434:441 sugar polymers 428:441 sugar polymers 428:441 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 6 60 theme ogt-1 1108:1112 arg1 mutants 1124:1130 the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants 1104:1130 mutants 1124:1130 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 3 61 theme O-GlcNAc 653:660 arg1 pathway 662:668 the O-GlcNAc pathway 649:668 the O-GlcNAc pathway 649:668 In this paper, we describe the biochemical consequences resulting from perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway in C. elegans lacking O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase activities. 25505447 4 62 theme UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc 787:807 arg1 levels 777:782 steady-state levels 764:782 steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose 764:823 In ogt-1 null animals, steady-state levels of UDP-GlcNAc/UDP-GalNAc and UDP-glucose were substantially elevated. 25505447 1 63 theme serine 131:136 arg1 modification 115:126 The carbohydrate modification 98:126 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 98:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 63 theme serine 131:136 arg1 ubiquitous 215:224 ubiquitous 215:224 ubiquitous 215:224 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 7 64 from changes 1287:1293 arg1 O-GlcNAcylation 1298:1312 O-GlcNAcylation 1298:1312 O-GlcNAcylation 1298:1312 Our data support that changes in O-GlcNAcylation alters nucleotide sugar production, overall glycan composition, and transcription of genes encoding glycan processing enzymes. 25505447 6 65 theme N-linked 1084:1091 arg1 glycans 1093:1099 N-linked glycans 1084:1099 N-linked glycans 1084:1099 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 2 66 theme end 504:506 arg1 UDP-GlcNAc 488:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc 467:497 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 2 66 theme end 504:506 arg1 product 508:514 the end product 500:514 the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) 500:559 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 3 67 theme pathway 662:668 arg1 perturbation 633:644 perturbation 633:644 perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway 633:668 In this paper, we describe the biochemical consequences resulting from perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway in C. elegans lacking O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase activities. 25505447 6 68 theme PNGase 1156:1161 arg1 digestion 1163:1171 PNGase digestion 1156:1171 PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) 1156:1232 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 6 69 from changes 1058:1064 arg1 profile 1073:1079 the profile 1069:1079 the profile of N-linked glycans 1069:1099 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 6 69 from changes 1058:1064 arg1 mutants 1124:1130 the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants 1104:1130 mutants 1124:1130 While there is no evidence to suggest changes in the profile of N-linked glycans in the ogt-1 and oga-1 mutants, glycans insensitive to PNGase digestion (including O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and glycopolymers) were altered in these strains. 25505447 2 70 theme O-linked 393:400 arg1 glycans 402:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 N-linked and O-linked glycans 380:408 The O-GlcNAc modification along with other carbohydrate modifications, including N-linked and O-linked glycans, glycolipids, and sugar polymers, all require the use of the nucleotide sugar UDP-GlcNAc, the end product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). 25505447 1 71 theme cellular 238:245 arg1 processes 247:255 cellular processes 238:255 cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis 238:296 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 0 72 theme Nucleotide 54:63 arg1 Pools 71:75 Nucleotide Sugar Pools 54:75 Nucleotide Sugar Pools 54:75 Disruption of O-GlcNAc Cycling in C. elegans Perturbs Nucleotide Sugar Pools and Complex Glycans. 25505447 3 73 theme O-GlcNAc 692:699 arg1 transferase 701:711 O-GlcNAc transferase 692:711 O-GlcNAc transferase 692:711 In this paper, we describe the biochemical consequences resulting from perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway in C. elegans lacking O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase activities. 25505447 3 74 theme biochemical 593:603 arg1 consequences 605:616 the biochemical consequences 589:616 the biochemical consequences resulting from perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway in C. elegans lacking O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase activities 589:738 In this paper, we describe the biochemical consequences resulting from perturbation of the O-GlcNAc pathway in C. elegans lacking O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase activities. 25505447 8 75 dep findings 1476:1483 arg1 alters 1521:1526 alters 1521:1526 alters macronutrient storage 1521:1548 These data along with our previous findings that disruption in O-GlcNAc cycling alters macronutrient storage underscores the noteworthy influence this posttranslational modification plays in nutrient sensing. 25505447 1 76 theme threonine 142:150 arg1 modification 115:126 The carbohydrate modification 98:126 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) 98:210 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25505447 1 76 theme threonine 142:150 arg1 ubiquitous 215:224 ubiquitous 215:224 ubiquitous 215:224 The carbohydrate modification of serine and threonine residues with O-linked beta- N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is ubiquitous and governs cellular processes ranging from cell signaling to apoptosis. 25271164 0 0 from assembly 14:21 arg1 xanthus 61:67 Myxococcus xanthus 50:67 Myxococcus xanthus 50:67 Synthesis and assembly of a novel glycan layer in Myxococcus xanthus spores. 25271164 9 1 theme surface 1554:1560 arg1 necessary 1599:1607 necessary 1599:1607 necessary 1599:1607 The Nfs proteins function together to modulate the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 9 1 theme surface 1554:1560 arg1 polysaccharides 1562:1576 the surface polysaccharides 1550:1576 the surface polysaccharides 1550:1576 The Nfs proteins function together to modulate the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 8 2 theme rigid 1320:1324 arg1 coat 1332:1335 a rigid spore coat 1318:1335 a rigid spore coat 1318:1335 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 9 3 theme Nfs 1487:1489 arg1 proteins 1491:1498 The Nfs proteins 1483:1498 The Nfs proteins 1483:1498 The Nfs proteins function together to modulate the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 5 4 with contamination 952:964 arg1 compounds 1024:1032 storage compounds 1016:1032 storage compounds 1016:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 4 with contamination 952:964 arg1 O-antigen 1002:1010 O-antigen 1002:1010 O-antigen 1002:1010 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 4 with contamination 952:964 arg1 polysaccharides 985:999 extracellular polysaccharides 971:999 extracellular polysaccharides 971:999 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 5 link 1-4-linked 839:848 arg1 Glc 859:861 Glc 859:861 Glc 859:861 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 5 link 1-4-linked 839:848 arg1 component 882:890 a minor component 874:890 a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 874:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 5 link 1-4-linked 839:848 arg1 glucose 850:856 1-4-linked glucose 839:856 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) 839:862 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 4 6 link 1-3-linked 714:723 arg1 polymers 732:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers 699:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides 699:823 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 2 7 from assembly 323:330 arg1 surface 377:383 the surface 373:383 the surface of the outer membrane 373:405 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 8 8 dep membrane 1454:1461 arg1 -B 1470:1471 -B 1470:1471 -B 1470:1471 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 8 8 dep membrane 1454:1461 arg1 -C 1478:1479 -C 1478:1479 -C 1478:1479 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 8 8 dep membrane 1454:1461 arg1 NfsA 1464:1467 NfsA 1464:1467 NfsA 1464:1467 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 0 9 from Synthesis 0:8 arg1 xanthus 61:67 Myxococcus xanthus 50:67 Myxococcus xanthus 50:67 Synthesis and assembly of a novel glycan layer in Myxococcus xanthus spores. 25271164 3 10 theme necessary 493:501 arg1 machinery 483:491 the machinery 479:491 the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix 479:595 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 3 11 theme spore 520:524 arg1 material 531:538 spore coat material 520:538 spore coat material 520:538 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 2 12 dep rigid 337:341 arg1 wall-like 349:357 wall-like 349:357 wall-like 349:357 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 5 13 theme coat 905:908 arg1 glucose 850:856 1-4-linked glucose 839:856 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) 839:862 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 13 theme coat 905:908 arg1 component 882:890 a minor component 874:890 a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 874:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 8 14 theme spore 1326:1330 arg1 coat 1332:1335 a rigid spore coat 1318:1335 a rigid spore coat 1318:1335 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 7 15 theme Wzy-like 1208:1215 arg1 synthesis 1232:1240 a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis 1206:1240 a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis 1206:1240 Our analyses indicate the GalNAc/Glc polymer and glycine are exported by the ExoA-I system, a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis and export machinery. 25271164 3 16 theme coat 526:529 arg1 material 531:538 spore coat material 520:538 spore coat material 520:538 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 4 17 theme 1-4- 705:708 arg1 polymers 732:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers 699:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides 699:823 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 8 18 dep membrane 1417:1424 arg1 -E 1433:1434 -E 1433:1434 -E 1433:1434 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 8 18 dep membrane 1417:1424 arg1 -G 1441:1442 -G 1441:1442 -G 1441:1442 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 8 18 dep membrane 1417:1424 arg1 NfsD 1427:1430 NfsD 1427:1430 NfsD 1427:1430 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 6 19 theme spores 1106:1111 arg1 formation 1083:1091 the formation 1079:1091 the formation of resistant spores 1079:1111 Neither of these structures is required for the formation of resistant spores. 25271164 7 20 theme GalNAc/Glc 1140:1149 arg1 polymer 1151:1157 the GalNAc/Glc polymer 1136:1157 the GalNAc/Glc polymer 1136:1157 Our analyses indicate the GalNAc/Glc polymer and glycine are exported by the ExoA-I system, a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis and export machinery. 25271164 3 21 theme spore 443:447 arg1 composition 454:464 the spore coat composition 439:464 the spore coat composition 439:464 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 5 22 theme Glc 935:937 arg1 majority 919:926 the majority 915:926 the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 915:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 6 23 theme resistant 1096:1104 arg1 spores 1106:1111 resistant spores 1096:1111 resistant spores 1096:1111 Neither of these structures is required for the formation of resistant spores. 25271164 5 24 theme minor 876:880 arg1 glucose 850:856 1-4-linked glucose 839:856 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) 839:862 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 24 theme minor 876:880 arg1 component 882:890 a minor component 874:890 a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 874:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 9 25 theme chain 1534:1538 arg1 length 1540:1545 the chain length 1530:1545 the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix 1530:1655 The Nfs proteins function together to modulate the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 4 26 theme glycosidic 763:772 arg1 branching 774:782 significant glycosidic branching 751:782 significant glycosidic branching 751:782 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 4 27 theme material 639:646 arg1 analyses 607:614 Chemical analyses 598:614 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material 598:646 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 7 28 theme ExoA-I 1191:1196 arg1 system 1198:1203 the ExoA-I system 1187:1203 the ExoA-I system 1187:1203 Our analyses indicate the GalNAc/Glc polymer and glycine are exported by the ExoA-I system, a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis and export machinery. 25271164 7 29 theme polysaccharide 1217:1230 arg1 synthesis 1232:1240 a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis 1206:1240 a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis 1206:1240 Our analyses indicate the GalNAc/Glc polymer and glycine are exported by the ExoA-I system, a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis and export machinery. 25271164 4 30 theme GalNAc 725:730 arg1 polymers 732:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers 699:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides 699:823 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 7 31 theme export 1246:1251 arg1 machinery 1253:1261 export machinery 1246:1261 export machinery 1246:1261 Our analyses indicate the GalNAc/Glc polymer and glycine are exported by the ExoA-I system, a Wzy-like polysaccharide synthesis and export machinery. 25271164 3 32 theme subsequent 548:557 arg1 assembly 559:566 its subsequent assembly 544:566 its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix 544:595 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 4 33 theme significant 751:761 arg1 branching 774:782 significant glycosidic branching 751:782 significant glycosidic branching 751:782 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 9 34 theme polysaccharides 1562:1576 arg1 length 1540:1545 the chain length 1530:1545 the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix 1530:1655 The Nfs proteins function together to modulate the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 5 35 with coat 905:908 arg1 majority 919:926 the majority 915:926 the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 915:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 36 theme spore 899:903 arg1 coat 905:908 the spore coat 895:908 the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 895:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 3 37 theme material 531:538 arg1 secretion 507:515 secretion 507:515 secretion of spore coat material 507:538 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 3 37 theme material 531:538 arg1 assembly 559:566 its subsequent assembly 544:566 its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix 544:595 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 1 38 theme quiescent 201:209 arg1 spores 211:216 metabolically quiescent spores 187:216 metabolically quiescent spores that are resistant to heat and desiccation 187:259 Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative deltaproteobacterium that has evolved the ability to differentiate into metabolically quiescent spores that are resistant to heat and desiccation. 25271164 4 39 theme 1-3-linked 714:723 arg1 polymers 732:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers 699:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides 699:823 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 2 40 theme processes 306:314 arg1 feature 275:281 An essential feature 262:281 An essential feature of the differentiation processes 262:314 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 2 40 theme processes 306:314 arg1 assembly 323:330 the assembly 319:330 the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane 319:405 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 2 41 theme membrane 398:405 arg1 surface 377:383 the surface 373:383 the surface of the outer membrane 373:405 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 0 42 theme novel 28:32 arg1 layer 41:45 a novel glycan layer 26:45 a novel glycan layer 26:45 Synthesis and assembly of a novel glycan layer in Myxococcus xanthus spores. 25271164 2 43 theme rigid 337:341 arg1 coat 365:368 a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat 335:368 a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat 335:368 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 4 44 theme coat 634:637 arg1 material 639:646 isolated spore coat material 619:646 isolated spore coat material 619:646 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 4 45 theme glycine 808:814 arg1 peptides 816:823 glycine peptides 808:823 glycine peptides 808:823 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 2 46 theme outer 392:396 arg1 membrane 398:405 the outer membrane 388:405 the outer membrane 388:405 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 8 47 theme polysaccharides 1297:1311 arg1 Arrangement 1264:1274 Arrangement 1264:1274 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat 1264:1335 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 3 48 theme stress-bearing 575:588 arg1 matrix 590:595 a stress-bearing matrix 573:595 a stress-bearing matrix 573:595 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 4 49 theme spore 628:632 arg1 material 639:646 isolated spore coat material 619:646 isolated spore coat material 619:646 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 0 50 theme layer 41:45 arg1 assembly 14:21 assembly 14:21 assembly 14:21 Synthesis and assembly of a novel glycan layer in Myxococcus xanthus spores. 25271164 0 50 theme layer 41:45 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and assembly of a novel glycan layer in Myxococcus xanthus spores. 25271164 9 51 theme stress-bearing 1635:1648 arg1 matrix 1650:1655 a stress-bearing matrix 1633:1655 a stress-bearing matrix 1633:1655 The Nfs proteins function together to modulate the chain length of the surface polysaccharides, which is apparently necessary for their assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 8 52 theme NfsA-H 1350:1355 arg1 proteins 1357:1364 the NfsA-H proteins 1346:1364 the NfsA-H proteins 1346:1364 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 8 52 theme NfsA-H 1350:1355 arg1 members 1367:1373 members 1367:1373 members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C) 1367:1480 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 4 53 theme short 699:703 arg1 polymers 732:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers 699:739 short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides 699:823 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 0 54 theme glycan 34:39 arg1 layer 41:45 a novel glycan layer 26:45 a novel glycan layer 26:45 Synthesis and assembly of a novel glycan layer in Myxococcus xanthus spores. 25271164 1 55 theme Gram-negative 101:113 arg1 deltaproteobacterium 115:134 a Gram-negative deltaproteobacterium 99:134 a Gram-negative deltaproteobacterium that has evolved the ability to differentiate into metabolically quiescent spores that are resistant to heat and desiccation 99:259 Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative deltaproteobacterium that has evolved the ability to differentiate into metabolically quiescent spores that are resistant to heat and desiccation. 25271164 1 55 theme Gram-negative 101:113 arg1 xanthus 88:94 Myxococcus xanthus 77:94 Myxococcus xanthus 77:94 Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative deltaproteobacterium that has evolved the ability to differentiate into metabolically quiescent spores that are resistant to heat and desiccation. 25271164 8 56 theme cytoplasmic 1405:1415 arg1 membrane 1417:1424 the cytoplasmic membrane 1401:1424 the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) 1401:1443 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 5 57 theme storage 1016:1022 arg1 compounds 1024:1032 storage compounds 1016:1032 storage compounds 1016:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 2 58 theme essential 265:273 arg1 feature 275:281 An essential feature 262:281 An essential feature of the differentiation processes 262:314 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 2 58 theme essential 265:273 arg1 assembly 323:330 the assembly 319:330 the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane 319:405 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 3 59 theme coat 449:452 arg1 composition 454:464 the spore coat composition 439:464 the spore coat composition 439:464 In this study, we characterize the spore coat composition and describe the machinery necessary for secretion of spore coat material and its subsequent assembly into a stress-bearing matrix. 25271164 2 60 theme differentiation 290:304 arg1 processes 306:314 the differentiation processes 286:314 the differentiation processes 286:314 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 4 61 theme spore 666:670 arg1 coat 672:675 the spore coat 662:675 the spore coat 662:675 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 8 62 theme capsular-like 1283:1295 arg1 polysaccharides 1297:1311 the capsular-like polysaccharides 1279:1311 the capsular-like polysaccharides 1279:1311 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 5 63 theme 1-4-linked 839:848 arg1 Glc 859:861 Glc 859:861 Glc 859:861 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 63 theme 1-4-linked 839:848 arg1 component 882:890 a minor component 874:890 a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds 874:1032 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 5 63 theme 1-4-linked 839:848 arg1 glucose 850:856 1-4-linked glucose 839:856 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) 839:862 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 4 64 theme isolated 619:626 arg1 material 639:646 isolated spore coat material 619:646 isolated spore coat material 619:646 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 25271164 2 65 theme coat 365:368 arg1 feature 275:281 An essential feature 262:281 An essential feature of the differentiation processes 262:314 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 2 65 theme coat 365:368 arg1 assembly 323:330 the assembly 319:330 the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane 319:405 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 8 66 theme outer 1448:1452 arg1 membrane 1454:1461 outer membrane 1448:1461 outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C) 1448:1480 Arrangement of the capsular-like polysaccharides into a rigid spore coat requires the NfsA-H proteins, members of which reside in either the cytoplasmic membrane (NfsD, -E, and -G) or outer membrane (NfsA, -B, and -C). 25271164 5 67 theme extracellular 971:983 arg1 polysaccharides 985:999 extracellular polysaccharides 971:999 extracellular polysaccharides 971:999 We show that 1-4-linked glucose (Glc) is likely a minor component of the spore coat with the majority of the Glc arising from contamination with extracellular polysaccharides, O-antigen, or storage compounds. 25271164 2 68 theme spore 359:363 arg1 coat 365:368 a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat 335:368 a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat 335:368 An essential feature of the differentiation processes is the assembly of a rigid, cell wall-like spore coat on the surface of the outer membrane. 25271164 4 69 theme Chemical 598:605 arg1 analyses 607:614 Chemical analyses 598:614 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material 598:646 Chemical analyses of isolated spore coat material indicate that the spore coat consists primarily of short 1-4- and 1-3-linked GalNAc polymers that lack significant glycosidic branching and may be connected by glycine peptides. 28955895 8 0 theme Experimental 1413:1424 arg1 data 1426:1429 Experimental data 1413:1429 Experimental data 1413:1429 Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants. 28955895 2 1 theme HCV 293:295 arg1 glycoproteins 306:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins 293:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins 293:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 3 2 dep Helle 601:605 arg1 2010 615:618 2010) [1] 615:623 2010) [1] 615:623 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 2 dep Helle 601:605 arg1 al. 610:612 Helle et al., 2010) [1] 601:623 al. 610:612 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 7 3 gly glycoproteins 1330:1342 arg1 glycoproteins 1330:1342 misfolded glycoproteins 1320:1342 misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1320:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 3 4 theme HCV 491:493 arg1 glycoproteins 495:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 8 5 theme mutant 1493:1498 arg1 variants 1500:1507 E1 mutant variants 1490:1507 E1 mutant variants 1490:1507 Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants. 28955895 4 6 theme mammalian 730:738 arg1 cells 740:744 insect and mammalian cells 719:744 insect and mammalian cells 719:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 3 7 theme different 471:479 arg1 genotypes 481:489 different genotypes 471:489 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 1 8 theme Hepatitis 147:155 arg1 HCV 166:168 HCV 166:168 HCV 166:168 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 8 theme Hepatitis 147:155 arg1 virus 159:163 Hepatitis C virus 147:163 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 147:169 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 6 9 theme expression 1041:1050 arg1 system 1052:1057 baculovirus expression system 1029:1057 baculovirus expression system 1029:1057 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 1 10 contain has 250:252 arg2 multitude 270:278 multitude 270:278 multitude of subtypes 270:290 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 10 contain has 250:252 arg1 it 247:248 it 247:248 it 247:248 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 10 contain has 250:252 arg2 genotypes 256:264 6 genotypes 254:264 6 genotypes 254:264 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 10 contain has 250:252 arg2 consequence 234:244 a consequence 232:244 a consequence 232:244 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 7 11 dep sites 1186:1190 arg1 N2 1196:1197 N2 1196:1197 N2 1196:1197 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 0 12 theme particles 106:114 arg1 formation 87:95 formation 87:95 formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells 87:144 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 3 13 dep Goffard 579:585 arg1 Helle 601:605 Helle 601:605 Helle 601:605 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 13 dep Goffard 579:585 arg1 [2 626:627 [2 626:627 [2 626:627 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 0 14 theme insect 119:124 arg1 cells 140:144 insect and mammalian cells 119:144 insect and mammalian cells 119:144 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 5 15 gly glycosylation 787:799 arg2 sites 801:805 glycosylation sites 787:805 glycosylation sites 787:805 We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. 28955895 0 16 theme mammalian 130:138 arg1 cells 140:144 insect and mammalian cells 119:144 insect and mammalian cells 119:144 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 17 theme HCV 1373:1375 arg1 particles 1377:1385 HCV particles 1373:1385 HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1373:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 3 18 from differences 527:537 arg1 functions 542:550 functions 542:550 functions of the individual glycans 542:576 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 0 19 theme sites 47:51 arg1 role 23:26 The role 19:26 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 0:145 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 3 20 theme glycans 570:576 arg1 functions 542:550 functions 542:550 functions of the individual glycans 542:576 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 21 dep shows 509:513 arg1 Goffard 579:585 Goffard 579:585 Goffard 579:585 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 6 22 theme Point 895:899 arg1 mutations 901:909 Point mutations 895:909 Point mutations 895:909 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 2 23 theme virus 418:422 arg1 infectivity 424:434 virus infectivity 418:434 virus infectivity 418:434 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 0 24 theme viral 56:60 arg1 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 1 25 theme subtypes 283:290 arg1 multitude 270:278 multitude 270:278 multitude of subtypes 270:290 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 25 theme subtypes 283:290 arg1 genotypes 256:264 6 genotypes 254:264 6 genotypes 254:264 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 25 theme subtypes 283:290 arg1 consequence 234:244 a consequence 232:244 a consequence 232:244 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 4 26 from sites 673:677 arg1 cells 740:744 insect and mammalian cells 719:744 insect and mammalian cells 719:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 5 27 theme glycosylation 787:799 arg1 sites 801:805 glycosylation sites 787:805 glycosylation sites 787:805 We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. 28955895 4 28 theme differential 646:657 arg1 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 4 28 theme differential 646:657 arg1 sites 673:677 differential glycosylation sites 646:677 differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells 646:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 0 29 theme 1b 71:72 arg1 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 30 theme misfolded 1320:1328 arg1 glycoproteins 1330:1342 misfolded glycoproteins 1320:1342 misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1320:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 6 31 theme protein 934:940 arg1 HCV 967:969 HCV 967:969 HCV (genotype 1b) 967:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 31 theme protein 934:940 arg1 sites 958:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites 930:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) 930:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 2 32 theme virion 340:345 arg1 formation 347:355 the virion formation 336:355 the virion formation 336:355 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 6 33 theme HCV 967:969 arg1 HCV 967:969 HCV 967:969 HCV (genotype 1b) 967:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 33 theme HCV 967:969 arg1 sites 958:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites 930:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) 930:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 2 34 theme proteins 387:394 arg1 folding 370:376 the correct folding 358:376 the correct folding of these proteins 358:394 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 0 35 theme Hepatitis 0:8 arg1 virus 12:16 Hepatitis C virus 0:16 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 0:145 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 36 theme envelope 1164:1171 arg1 proteins 1173:1180 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 36 theme envelope 1164:1171 arg1 E1 1209:1210 E1 1209:1210 E1 (sites N1, N5) 1209:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 36 theme envelope 1164:1171 arg1 E2 1182:1183 E2 1182:1183 E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) 1182:1203 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 2 37 gly glycoproteins 306:318 arg1 glycoproteins 306:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins 293:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins 293:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 2 38 theme correct 362:368 arg1 folding 370:376 the correct folding 358:376 the correct folding of these proteins 358:394 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 5 39 theme proteins 840:847 arg1 folding 825:831 folding 825:831 folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles 825:892 We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. 28955895 7 40 theme HCV 1157:1159 arg1 proteins 1173:1180 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 40 theme HCV 1157:1159 arg1 E1 1209:1210 E1 1209:1210 E1 (sites N1, N5) 1209:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 40 theme HCV 1157:1159 arg1 E2 1182:1183 E2 1182:1183 E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) 1182:1203 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 8 41 theme E1 1490:1491 arg1 variants 1500:1507 E1 mutant variants 1490:1507 E1 mutant variants 1490:1507 Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants. 28955895 4 42 theme proteins 707:714 arg1 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 4 42 theme proteins 707:714 arg1 sites 673:677 differential glycosylation sites 646:677 differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells 646:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 7 43 theme particles 1299:1307 arg1 formation 1275:1283 the formation 1271:1283 the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1271:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 4 44 theme insect 719:724 arg1 cells 740:744 insect and mammalian cells 719:744 insect and mammalian cells 719:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 4 45 theme HCV 682:684 arg1 1b 695:696 HCV genotype 1b 682:696 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 5 46 theme viral 878:882 arg1 particles 884:892 viral particles 878:892 viral particles 878:892 We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. 28955895 4 47 theme 1b 695:696 arg1 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 3 48 theme certain 454:460 arg1 glycoproteins 495:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 48 theme certain 454:460 arg1 sites 462:466 certain sites 454:466 certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 454:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 8 49 theme mathematical 1448:1459 arg1 modeling 1461:1468 mathematical modeling 1448:1468 mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants 1448:1507 Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants. 28955895 1 50 theme considerable 191:202 arg1 variability 212:222 considerable genetic variability 191:222 considerable genetic variability 191:222 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 7 51 theme typical 1361:1367 arg1 densities 1351:1359 densities 1351:1359 densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1351:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 52 theme HCV 1127:1129 arg1 1a 1131:1132 HCV 1a 1127:1132 HCV 1a 1127:1132 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 4 53 gly glycosylation 659:671 arg2 sites 673:677 differential glycosylation sites 646:677 differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells 646:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 4 53 gly glycosylation 659:671 arg1 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 4 53 gly glycosylation 659:671 arg2 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 2 54 theme envelope 297:304 arg1 glycoproteins 306:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins 293:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins 293:318 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 6 55 theme genotype 972:979 arg1 HCV 967:969 HCV 967:969 HCV (genotype 1b) 967:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 55 theme genotype 972:979 arg1 1b 981:982 genotype 1b 972:982 genotype 1b 972:982 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 7 56 dep proteins 1173:1180 arg1 sites 1213:1217 sites N1 1213:1220 sites N1 1213:1220 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 56 dep proteins 1173:1180 arg1 sites 1186:1190 sites N1, N2, N10 1186:1202 sites N1, N2, N10 1186:1202 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 56 dep proteins 1173:1180 arg1 proteins 1173:1180 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 56 dep proteins 1173:1180 arg1 E1 1209:1210 E1 1209:1210 E1 (sites N1, N5) 1209:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 56 dep proteins 1173:1180 arg1 E2 1182:1183 E2 1182:1183 E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) 1182:1203 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 3 57 theme genotypes 481:489 arg1 glycoproteins 495:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 8 58 theme structure 1477:1485 arg1 modeling 1461:1468 mathematical modeling 1448:1468 mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants 1448:1507 Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants. 28955895 6 59 theme mammalian 1062:1070 arg1 cells 1083:1087 mammalian and insect cells 1062:1087 mammalian and insect cells 1062:1087 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 3 60 from sites 462:466 arg1 Glycosylation 437:449 Glycosylation 437:449 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 437:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 7 61 with formation 1275:1283 arg1 glycoproteins 1330:1342 misfolded glycoproteins 1320:1342 misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1320:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 62 dep N2 1196:1197 arg1 N10 1200:1202 N10 1200:1202 N10 1200:1202 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 3 63 theme substantial 515:525 arg1 differences 527:537 substantial differences 515:537 substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans 515:576 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 8 64 theme variants 1500:1507 arg1 structure 1477:1485 the structure 1473:1485 the structure of E1 mutant variants 1473:1507 Experimental data are supported by mathematical modeling of the structure of E1 mutant variants. 28955895 1 65 theme C 157:157 arg1 HCV 166:168 HCV 166:168 HCV 166:168 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 1 65 theme C 157:157 arg1 virus 159:163 Hepatitis C virus 147:163 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) 147:169 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 28955895 6 66 theme baculovirus 1029:1039 arg1 system 1052:1057 baculovirus expression system 1029:1057 baculovirus expression system 1029:1057 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 0 67 theme viral 100:104 arg1 particles 106:114 viral particles 100:114 viral particles 100:114 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 3 68 theme glycoproteins 495:507 arg1 glycoproteins 495:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 68 theme glycoproteins 495:507 arg1 sites 462:466 certain sites 454:466 certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 454:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 7 69 dep sites 1213:1217 arg1 N5 1223:1224 N5 1223:1224 N5 1223:1224 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 69 dep sites 1213:1217 arg1 N1 1219:1220 N1 1219:1220 sites N1 1213:1220 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 70 theme RNA 1398:1400 arg1 fragments 1402:1410 RNA fragments 1398:1410 RNA fragments 1398:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 5 71 theme sites 801:805 arg1 part 779:782 part 779:782 part of glycosylation sites 779:805 We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. 28955895 0 72 from formation 87:95 arg1 cells 140:144 insect and mammalian cells 119:144 insect and mammalian cells 119:144 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 3 73 gly glycoproteins 495:507 arg1 glycoproteins 495:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 74 theme individual 559:568 arg1 glycans 570:576 the individual glycans 555:576 the individual glycans 555:576 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 6 75 theme insect 1076:1081 arg1 cells 1083:1087 mammalian and insect cells 1062:1087 mammalian and insect cells 1062:1087 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 0 76 theme genotype 62:69 arg1 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 0 77 theme proteins 74:81 arg1 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 0 77 theme proteins 74:81 arg1 sites 47:51 N-glycosylation sites 31:51 N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins 31:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 0 78 dep virus 12:16 arg1 role 23:26 The role 19:26 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 0:145 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 79 contain containing 1387:1396 arg1 particles 1377:1385 HCV particles 1373:1385 HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1373:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 79 contain containing 1387:1396 arg2 fragments 1402:1410 RNA fragments 1398:1410 RNA fragments 1398:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 80 theme proteins 1173:1180 arg1 folding 1146:1152 the folding 1142:1152 the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1142:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 4 81 theme glycosylation 659:671 arg1 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 4 81 theme glycosylation 659:671 arg1 sites 673:677 differential glycosylation sites 646:677 differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells 646:744 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 0 82 theme C 10:10 arg1 virus 12:16 Hepatitis C virus 0:16 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 0:145 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 83 theme 1b 1161:1162 arg1 proteins 1173:1180 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) 1157:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 83 theme 1b 1161:1162 arg1 E1 1209:1210 E1 1209:1210 E1 (sites N1, N5) 1209:1225 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 83 theme 1b 1161:1162 arg1 E2 1182:1183 E2 1182:1183 E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) 1182:1203 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 6 84 theme N-glycosylation 942:956 arg1 HCV 967:969 HCV 967:969 HCV (genotype 1b) 967:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 84 theme N-glycosylation 942:956 arg1 sites 958:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites 930:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) 930:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 85 gly N-glycosylation 942:956 arg2 HCV 967:969 HCV 967:969 HCV (genotype 1b) 967:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 85 gly N-glycosylation 942:956 arg1 HCV 967:969 HCV 967:969 HCV (genotype 1b) 967:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 85 gly N-glycosylation 942:956 arg2 sites 958:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites 930:962 the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) 930:983 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 6 85 gly N-glycosylation 942:956 arg1 1b 981:982 genotype 1b 972:982 genotype 1b 972:982 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 2 86 theme key 406:408 arg1 role 410:413 the key role 402:413 the key role 402:413 HCV envelope glycoproteins are involved in the virion formation; the correct folding of these proteins plays the key role in virus infectivity. 28955895 4 87 theme envelope 698:705 arg1 proteins 707:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 0 88 theme N-glycosylation 31:45 arg1 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 0 88 theme N-glycosylation 31:45 arg1 sites 47:51 N-glycosylation sites 31:51 N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins 31:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 89 contain having 1344:1349 arg1 glycoproteins 1330:1342 misfolded glycoproteins 1320:1342 misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1320:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 89 contain having 1344:1349 arg2 densities 1351:1359 densities 1351:1359 densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments 1351:1410 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 0 90 gly N-glycosylation 31:45 arg2 sites 47:51 N-glycosylation sites 31:51 N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins 31:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 0 90 gly N-glycosylation 31:45 arg2 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 0 90 gly N-glycosylation 31:45 arg1 proteins 74:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 viral genotype 1b proteins 56:81 Hepatitis C virus: The role of N-glycosylation sites of viral genotype 1b proteins for formation of viral particles in insect and mammalian cells. 28955895 7 91 theme virus-like 1288:1297 arg1 VLP 1310:1312 VLP 1310:1312 VLP 1310:1312 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 7 91 theme virus-like 1288:1297 arg1 particles 1299:1307 virus-like particles 1288:1307 virus-like particles (VLP) 1288:1313 Our data showed that, in contrast to HCV 1a and 2a, the folding of HCV 1b envelope proteins E2 (sites N1, N2, N10) and E1 (sites N1, N5) was disrupted, however that did not prevent the formation of virus-like particles (VLP) with misfolded glycoproteins having densities typical for HCV particles containing RNA fragments. 28955895 6 92 theme mutant 993:998 arg1 proteins 1000:1007 the mutant proteins 989:1007 the mutant proteins 989:1007 Point mutations were introduced in the protein N-glycosylation sites of HCV (genotype 1b) and the mutant proteins were analyzed using baculovirus expression system in mammalian and insect cells. 28955895 3 93 gly Glycosylation 437:449 arg2 sites 462:466 certain sites 454:466 certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 454:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 3 93 gly Glycosylation 437:449 arg2 glycoproteins 495:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 different genotypes HCV glycoproteins 471:507 Glycosylation at certain sites of different genotypes HCV glycoproteins shows substantial differences in functions of the individual glycans (Goffard et al., 2005; Helle et al., 2010) [1], [2]. 28955895 5 94 theme particles 884:892 arg1 formation 865:873 the formation 861:873 the formation of viral particles 861:892 We showed that part of glycosylation sites was important for folding of the proteins involved in the formation of viral particles. 28955895 4 95 theme genotype 686:693 arg1 1b 695:696 HCV genotype 1b 682:696 HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins 682:714 In this study, differential glycosylation sites of HCV genotype 1b envelope proteins in insect and mammalian cells was demonstrated. 28955895 1 96 theme genetic 204:210 arg1 variability 212:222 considerable genetic variability 191:222 considerable genetic variability 191:222 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by considerable genetic variability and, as a consequence, it has 6 genotypes and multitude of subtypes. 29180407 4 0 theme mitochondrial 525:537 arg1 machinery 548:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery 516:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 516:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 2 1 theme mitochondrial 375:387 arg1 machinery 398:406 the mitochondrial division machinery 371:406 the mitochondrial division machinery 371:406 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 6 2 theme obstructed 1122:1131 arg1 assembly 1141:1148 obstructed MD ring assembly 1122:1148 obstructed MD ring assembly 1122:1148 Down-regulation of MDR1 strongly interrupted mitochondrial division and obstructed MD ring assembly. 29180407 0 3 theme polyglucan 94:103 arg1 nanofilaments 105:117 polyglucan nanofilaments 94:117 polyglucan nanofilaments 94:117 Glycosyltransferase MDR1 assembles a dividing ring for mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments. 29180407 7 4 theme nanofilaments 1234:1246 arg1 synthesis 1210:1218 the synthesis 1206:1218 the synthesis of polyglucan nanofilaments that assemble to form the MD ring 1206:1280 Taken together, our results suggest that MDR1 mediates the synthesis of polyglucan nanofilaments that assemble to form the MD ring. 29180407 4 5 theme single 768:773 arg1 ring 775:778 a single ring 766:778 a single ring at the mitochondrial division site 766:813 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 1 6 theme binary 283:288 arg1 division 290:297 binary division 283:297 binary division 283:297 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 4 7 theme machinery 548:556 arg1 analysis 504:511 Multi-omics analysis 492:511 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 492:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 7 8 theme polyglucan 1223:1232 arg1 nanofilaments 1234:1246 polyglucan nanofilaments 1223:1246 polyglucan nanofilaments that assemble to form the MD ring 1223:1280 Taken together, our results suggest that MDR1 mediates the synthesis of polyglucan nanofilaments that assemble to form the MD ring. 29180407 8 9 theme endosymbiotic 1474:1486 arg1 organelles 1488:1497 endosymbiotic organelles 1474:1497 endosymbiotic organelles 1474:1497 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 1 10 contain contain 187:193 arg1 Mitochondria 120:131 Mitochondria 120:131 Mitochondria 120:131 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 1 10 contain contain 187:193 arg2 systems 225:231 genetic systems 217:231 genetic systems 217:231 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 1 10 contain contain 187:193 arg2 genomes 205:211 their own genomes 195:211 their own genomes 195:211 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 6 11 theme mitochondrial 1095:1107 arg1 division 1109:1116 mitochondrial division 1095:1116 mitochondrial division 1095:1116 Down-regulation of MDR1 strongly interrupted mitochondrial division and obstructed MD ring assembly. 29180407 5 12 theme polymeric 1017:1025 arg1 nanofilaments 1035:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 8 13 theme crucial 1439:1445 arg1 event 1447:1451 a singular, crucial event 1427:1451 event 1447:1451 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 8 13 theme crucial 1439:1445 arg1 establishment 1368:1380 the establishment 1364:1380 the establishment of MDR1 family proteins 1364:1404 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 2 14 theme main 344:347 arg1 structure 358:366 the main skeletal structure 340:366 the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery 340:406 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 2 14 theme main 344:347 arg1 ring 332:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 5 15 theme Nanoscale 816:824 arg1 imaging 826:832 Nanoscale imaging 816:832 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis 816:890 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 4 16 theme Multi-omics 492:502 arg1 analysis 504:511 Multi-omics analysis 492:511 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 492:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 5 17 theme ring 933:936 arg1 formation 938:946 MD ring formation 930:946 MD ring formation 930:946 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 2 18 theme mitochondrion-dividing 304:325 arg1 structure 358:366 the main skeletal structure 340:366 the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery 340:406 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 2 18 theme mitochondrion-dividing 304:325 arg1 ring 332:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 2 18 theme mitochondrion-dividing 304:325 arg1 MD 328:329 MD 328:329 MD 328:329 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 4 19 theme mitochondrial 733:745 arg1 division 747:754 mitochondrial division 733:754 mitochondrial division 733:754 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 20 theme MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING 657:678 arg1 MDR1 687:690 MDR1 687:690 MDR1 687:690 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 20 theme MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING 657:678 arg1 glycosyltransferase 636:654 an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase 617:654 an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase 617:654 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 20 theme MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING 657:678 arg1 RING1 680:684 MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 657:684 MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1) 657:691 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 21 theme isolated 516:523 arg1 machinery 548:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery 516:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 516:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 3 22 dep mechanism 431:439 arg1 the 418:420 the 418:420 the 418:420 However, the assembly mechanism and molecular identity of the MD ring are unknown. 29180407 1 23 theme own 201:203 arg1 genomes 205:211 their own genomes 195:211 their own genomes 195:211 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 4 24 from analysis 504:511 arg1 merolae 600:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 5 25 theme glucose 1027:1033 arg1 nanofilaments 1035:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 5 26 theme MD 961:962 arg1 filaments 969:977 the MD ring filaments 957:977 the MD ring filaments 957:977 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 0 27 theme Glycosyltransferase 0:18 arg1 MDR1 20:23 Glycosyltransferase MDR1 0:23 Glycosyltransferase MDR1 0:23 Glycosyltransferase MDR1 assembles a dividing ring for mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments. 29180407 7 28 theme MD 1274:1275 arg1 ring 1277:1280 the MD ring 1270:1280 the MD ring 1270:1280 Taken together, our results suggest that MDR1 mediates the synthesis of polyglucan nanofilaments that assemble to form the MD ring. 29180407 4 29 theme mitochondrial 787:799 arg1 site 810:813 the mitochondrial division site 783:813 the mitochondrial division site 783:813 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 5 30 theme ring 964:967 arg1 filaments 969:977 the MD ring filaments 957:977 the MD ring filaments 957:977 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 8 31 theme MDR1 1307:1310 arg1 homolog 1296:1302 a homolog 1294:1302 a homolog of MDR1 1294:1310 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 6 32 theme MDR1 1069:1072 arg1 Down-regulation 1050:1064 Down-regulation 1050:1064 Down-regulation of MDR1 1050:1072 Down-regulation of MDR1 strongly interrupted mitochondrial division and obstructed MD ring assembly. 29180407 4 33 from site 810:813 arg1 ring 775:778 a single ring 766:778 a single ring at the mitochondrial division site 766:813 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 8 34 theme organelles 1488:1497 arg1 emergence 1461:1469 the emergence 1457:1469 the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles 1457:1497 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 1 35 theme genetic 217:223 arg1 systems 225:231 genetic systems 217:231 genetic systems 217:231 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 4 36 from merolae 600:606 arg1 machinery 548:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery 516:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 516:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 36 from merolae 600:606 arg1 analysis 504:511 Multi-omics analysis 492:511 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 492:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 37 theme uncharacterized 620:634 arg1 glycosyltransferase 636:654 an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase 617:654 an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase 617:654 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 4 37 theme uncharacterized 620:634 arg1 RING1 680:684 MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 657:684 MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1) 657:691 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 5 38 gly glycosylated 995:1006 arg1 nanofilaments 1035:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 8 39 theme singular 1429:1436 arg1 event 1447:1451 a singular, crucial event 1427:1451 event 1447:1451 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 8 39 theme singular 1429:1436 arg1 establishment 1368:1380 the establishment 1364:1380 the establishment of MDR1 family proteins 1364:1404 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 1 40 theme bacterial 167:175 arg1 ancestor 177:184 a free-living bacterial ancestor 153:184 a free-living bacterial ancestor 153:184 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 5 41 theme componential 870:881 arg1 analysis 883:890 componential analysis 870:890 componential analysis 870:890 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 8 42 theme proteins 1397:1404 arg1 event 1447:1451 a singular, crucial event 1427:1451 event 1447:1451 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 8 42 theme proteins 1397:1404 arg1 establishment 1368:1380 the establishment 1364:1380 the establishment of MDR1 family proteins 1364:1404 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 8 43 theme family 1390:1395 arg1 proteins 1397:1404 MDR1 family proteins 1385:1404 MDR1 family proteins 1385:1404 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 3 44 theme ring 474:477 arg1 mechanism 431:439 assembly mechanism 422:439 assembly mechanism 422:439 However, the assembly mechanism and molecular identity of the MD ring are unknown. 29180407 3 44 theme ring 474:477 arg1 identity 455:462 molecular identity 445:462 molecular identity 445:462 However, the assembly mechanism and molecular identity of the MD ring are unknown. 29180407 0 45 theme dividing 37:44 arg1 ring 46:49 a dividing ring 35:49 a dividing ring for mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments 35:117 Glycosyltransferase MDR1 assembles a dividing ring for mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments. 29180407 4 46 theme unicellular 567:577 arg1 merolae 600:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 3 47 theme molecular 445:453 arg1 identity 455:462 molecular identity 445:462 molecular identity 445:462 However, the assembly mechanism and molecular identity of the MD ring are unknown. 29180407 6 48 theme ring 1136:1139 arg1 assembly 1141:1148 obstructed MD ring assembly 1122:1148 obstructed MD ring assembly 1122:1148 Down-regulation of MDR1 strongly interrupted mitochondrial division and obstructed MD ring assembly. 29180407 8 49 theme MDR1 1385:1388 arg1 proteins 1397:1404 MDR1 family proteins 1385:1404 MDR1 family proteins 1385:1404 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 0 50 theme mitochondrial 55:67 arg1 proliferation 69:81 mitochondrial proliferation 55:81 mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments 55:117 Glycosyltransferase MDR1 assembles a dividing ring for mitochondrial proliferation comprising polyglucan nanofilaments. 29180407 8 51 theme similar 1321:1327 arg1 functions 1329:1337 similar functions 1321:1337 similar functions 1321:1337 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 5 52 theme immunoelectron 840:853 arg1 microscopy 855:864 immunoelectron microscopy 840:864 immunoelectron microscopy 840:864 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 5 53 theme glycosylated 995:1006 arg1 nanofilaments 1035:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 4 54 theme Cyanidioschyzon 584:598 arg1 merolae 600:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 5 55 theme MDR1 1008:1011 arg1 nanofilaments 1035:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments 995:1047 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 4 56 theme alga 579:582 arg1 merolae 600:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 563:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 2 57 theme skeletal 349:356 arg1 structure 358:366 the main skeletal structure 340:366 the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery 340:406 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 2 57 theme skeletal 349:356 arg1 ring 332:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 8 58 theme chloroplast 1342:1352 arg1 division 1354:1361 chloroplast division 1342:1361 chloroplast division 1342:1361 Given that a homolog of MDR1 performs similar functions in chloroplast division, the establishment of MDR1 family proteins appears to have been a singular, crucial event for the emergence of endosymbiotic organelles. 29180407 1 59 theme free-living 155:165 arg1 ancestor 177:184 a free-living bacterial ancestor 153:184 a free-living bacterial ancestor 153:184 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 4 60 theme division 801:808 arg1 site 810:813 the mitochondrial division site 783:813 the mitochondrial division site 783:813 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 5 61 theme MD 930:931 arg1 formation 938:946 MD ring formation 930:946 MD ring formation 930:946 Nanoscale imaging using immunoelectron microscopy and componential analysis demonstrated that MDR1 is involved in MD ring formation and that the MD ring filaments are composed of glycosylated MDR1 and polymeric glucose nanofilaments. 29180407 2 62 theme machinery 398:406 arg1 structure 358:366 the main skeletal structure 340:366 the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery 340:406 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 2 62 theme machinery 398:406 arg1 ring 332:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring 300:335 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 3 63 theme MD 471:472 arg1 ring 474:477 the MD ring 467:477 the MD ring 467:477 However, the assembly mechanism and molecular identity of the MD ring are unknown. 29180407 1 64 theme preexisting 255:265 arg1 mitochondria 267:278 preexisting mitochondria 255:278 preexisting mitochondria 255:278 Mitochondria, which evolved from a free-living bacterial ancestor, contain their own genomes and genetic systems and are produced from preexisting mitochondria by binary division. 29180407 3 65 theme assembly 422:429 arg1 mechanism 431:439 assembly mechanism 422:439 assembly mechanism 422:439 However, the assembly mechanism and molecular identity of the MD ring are unknown. 29180407 4 66 theme division 539:546 arg1 machinery 548:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery 516:556 isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 516:606 Multi-omics analysis of isolated mitochondrial division machinery from the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae revealed an uncharacterized glycosyltransferase, MITOCHONDRION-DIVIDING RING1 (MDR1), which is specifically expressed during mitochondrial division and forms a single ring at the mitochondrial division site. 29180407 2 67 theme division 389:396 arg1 machinery 398:406 the mitochondrial division machinery 371:406 the mitochondrial division machinery 371:406 The mitochondrion-dividing (MD) ring is the main skeletal structure of the mitochondrial division machinery. 29180407 6 68 theme MD 1133:1134 arg1 assembly 1141:1148 obstructed MD ring assembly 1122:1148 obstructed MD ring assembly 1122:1148 Down-regulation of MDR1 strongly interrupted mitochondrial division and obstructed MD ring assembly. 25466005 2 0 theme extract 402:408 arg1 treatment 378:386 freeze-thaw treatment 366:386 freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW) 366:413 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 0 1 theme buriti 108:113 arg1 pulp 100:103 pulp 100:103 pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region 100:178 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 2 from pulp 100:103 arg1 -β-D-xylan 84:93 -β-D-xylan 84:93 -β-D-xylan 84:93 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 2 3 theme aqueous 394:400 arg1 BW 411:412 BW 411:412 BW 411:412 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 2 3 theme aqueous 394:400 arg1 extract 402:408 an aqueous extract 391:408 an aqueous extract (BW) 391:413 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 1 4 theme edible 258:263 arg1 buriti 265:270 edible buriti 258:270 edible buriti 258:270 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 4 5 theme alkaline 655:662 arg1 extract 664:670 an alkaline extract 652:670 an alkaline extract (BK) 652:675 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 4 5 theme alkaline 655:662 arg1 BK 673:674 BK 673:674 BK 673:674 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 0 6 dep -α-D-glucan 63:73 arg1 1→3 53:55 (1→3)- 52:57 (1→3)- 52:57 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 2 7 dep obtained 506:513 arg1 yield 521:525 0.2% yield 516:525 0.2% yield 516:525 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 4 8 theme extract 664:670 arg1 treatments 638:647 freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments 614:647 freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK) 614:675 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 1 9 theme buriti 265:270 arg1 pulp 250:253 ripe pulp 245:253 ripe pulp of edible buriti 245:270 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 1 9 theme buriti 265:270 arg1 fruit 292:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 0 10 theme Mauritia 116:123 arg1 buriti 108:113 buriti 108:113 buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) 108:133 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 10 theme Mauritia 116:123 arg1 flexuosa 125:132 Mauritia flexuosa 116:132 Mauritia flexuosa 116:132 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 11 theme edible 139:144 arg1 palm 146:149 an edible palm 136:149 an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region 136:178 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 11 theme edible 139:144 arg1 buriti 108:113 buriti 108:113 buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) 108:133 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 5 12 theme chemical 736:743 arg1 structures 745:754 Their chemical structures 730:754 Their chemical structures 730:754 Their chemical structures were performed by sugar composition, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25466005 3 13 theme 1→3 548:550 arg1 proportion 533:542 The proportion 529:542 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units 529:580 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 25466005 3 13 theme 1→3 548:550 arg1 1:4 586:588 1:4 586:588 1:4 586:588 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 25466005 2 14 contain containing 427:436 arg2 -α-L-arabinan 452:464 a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan 438:464 a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan 438:464 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 2 14 contain containing 427:436 arg2 1→5 448:450 1→5 448:450 1→5 448:450 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 2 14 contain containing 427:436 arg2 -α-D-glucan 490:500 a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan 470:500 a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan 470:500 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 2 14 contain containing 427:436 arg1 fraction 418:425 a fraction 416:425 a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan 416:500 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 6 15 theme palms 1017:1021 arg1 walls 1008:1012 primary cell walls 995:1012 primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 995:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 0 16 theme fruit 151:155 arg1 palm 146:149 an edible palm 136:149 an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region 136:178 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 16 theme fruit 151:155 arg1 buriti 108:113 buriti 108:113 buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) 108:133 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 1 17 theme exotic 276:281 arg1 fruit 292:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 1 17 theme exotic 276:281 arg1 pulp 250:253 ripe pulp 245:253 ripe pulp of edible buriti 245:270 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 4 18 theme Fehling 630:636 arg1 treatments 638:647 freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments 614:647 freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK) 614:675 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 0 19 theme Amazon 166:171 arg1 region 173:178 the Amazon region 162:178 the Amazon region 162:178 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 20 theme linear 8:13 arg1 polysaccharides 15:29 Unusual linear polysaccharides 0:29 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 0:179 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 1 21 theme tropical 283:290 arg1 fruit 292:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 1 21 theme tropical 283:290 arg1 pulp 250:253 ripe pulp 245:253 ripe pulp of edible buriti 245:270 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 6 22 theme walls 1008:1012 arg1 compositions 979:990 polysaccharide compositions 964:990 polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 964:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 2 23 theme % 519:519 arg1 yield 521:525 0.2% yield 516:525 0.2% yield 516:525 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 6 24 theme SBK 912:914 arg1 analysis 892:899 monosaccharide analysis 877:899 monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK 877:914 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 0 25 theme Unusual 0:6 arg1 polysaccharides 15:29 Unusual linear polysaccharides 0:29 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 0:179 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 6 26 theme cell 1003:1006 arg1 walls 1008:1012 primary cell walls 995:1012 primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 995:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 2 27 theme 0.2 516:518 arg1 % 519:519 % 519:519 % 519:519 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 6 28 from data 956:959 arg1 compositions 979:990 polysaccharide compositions 964:990 polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 964:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 1 29 theme structural 183:192 arg1 characterisation 194:209 A structural characterisation 181:209 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm 181:324 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 6 30 theme polysaccharide 964:977 arg1 compositions 979:990 polysaccharide compositions 964:990 polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 964:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 6 31 theme SBW 904:906 arg1 analysis 892:899 monosaccharide analysis 877:899 monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK 877:914 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 2 32 theme linear 440:445 arg1 -α-L-arabinan 452:464 a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan 438:464 a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan 438:464 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 2 32 theme linear 440:445 arg1 1→5 448:450 1→5 448:450 1→5 448:450 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 5 33 theme spectroscopy 813:824 arg1 analysis 826:833 NMR spectroscopy analysis 809:833 NMR spectroscopy analysis 809:833 Their chemical structures were performed by sugar composition, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25466005 6 34 theme monosaccharide 877:890 arg1 analysis 892:899 monosaccharide analysis 877:899 monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK 877:914 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 4 35 dep purified 707:714 arg1 % 720:720 0.6% 717:720 0.6% yield 717:726 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 6 36 theme primary 995:1001 arg1 walls 1008:1012 primary cell walls 995:1012 primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 995:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 6 37 theme commelinid 1024:1033 arg1 palms 1017:1021 palms 1017:1021 palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 1017:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 6 37 theme commelinid 1024:1033 arg1 monocotyledons 1035:1048 commelinid monocotyledons 1024:1048 commelinid monocotyledons 1024:1048 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 1 38 theme polysaccharides 214:228 arg1 characterisation 194:209 A structural characterisation 181:209 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm 181:324 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 1 39 theme Mauritia 303:310 arg1 palm 321:324 Mauritia flexuosa palm 303:324 Mauritia flexuosa palm 303:324 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 3 40 theme -linked 563:569 arg1 units 576:580 (1→4)-linked Glcp units 558:580 (1→4)-linked Glcp units 558:580 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 25466005 3 41 theme Glcp 571:574 arg1 units 576:580 (1→4)-linked Glcp units 558:580 (1→4)-linked Glcp units 558:580 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 25466005 1 42 theme flexuosa 312:319 arg1 palm 321:324 Mauritia flexuosa palm 303:324 Mauritia flexuosa palm 303:324 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 5 43 theme sugar 774:778 arg1 composition 780:790 sugar composition 774:790 sugar composition 774:790 Their chemical structures were performed by sugar composition, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25466005 3 44 link -linked 563:569 arg1 units 576:580 (1→4)-linked Glcp units 558:580 (1→4)-linked Glcp units 558:580 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 25466005 2 45 theme freeze-thaw 366:376 arg1 treatment 378:386 freeze-thaw treatment 366:386 freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW) 366:413 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 4 46 theme freeze-thaw 614:624 arg1 treatments 638:647 freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments 614:647 freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK) 614:675 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 2 47 theme linear 472:477 arg1 -α-D-glucan 490:500 a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan 470:500 a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan 470:500 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 1 48 theme ripe 245:248 arg1 pulp 250:253 ripe pulp 245:253 ripe pulp of edible buriti 245:270 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 1 48 theme ripe 245:248 arg1 fruit 292:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 an exotic tropical fruit 273:296 A structural characterisation of polysaccharides extracted from ripe pulp of edible buriti, an exotic tropical fruit from Mauritia flexuosa palm was carried out. 25466005 4 49 theme linear 680:685 arg1 -β-D-xylan 692:701 a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan 678:701 a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan 678:701 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 4 50 dep % 720:720 arg1 yield 722:726 yield 722:726 0.6% yield 717:726 After fractionation by freeze-thaw and Fehling treatments of an alkaline extract (BK), a linear (1→4)-β-D-xylan was purified (0.6% yield). 25466005 0 51 dep polysaccharides 15:29 arg1 -β-D-xylan 84:93 -β-D-xylan 84:93 -β-D-xylan 84:93 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 51 dep polysaccharides 15:29 arg1 -α-D-glucan 63:73 -α-D-glucan 63:73 -α-D-glucan 63:73 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 0 51 dep polysaccharides 15:29 arg1 -α-L-arabinan 37:49 -α-L-arabinan 37:49 -α-L-arabinan 37:49 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 5 52 theme NMR 809:811 arg1 analysis 826:833 NMR spectroscopy analysis 809:833 NMR spectroscopy analysis 809:833 Their chemical structures were performed by sugar composition, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25466005 6 53 theme literature 945:954 arg1 data 956:959 literature data 945:959 literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons) 945:1049 In addition, these results together with monosaccharide analysis of SBW and SBK are discussed in relation to literature data on polysaccharide compositions of primary cell walls of palms (commelinid monocotyledons). 25466005 0 54 from region 173:178 arg1 fruit 151:155 fruit 151:155 fruit 151:155 Unusual linear polysaccharides: (1→5)-α-L-arabinan, (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan and (1→4)-β-D-xylan from pulp of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), an edible palm fruit from the Amazon region. 25466005 2 55 dep -α-D-glucan 490:500 arg1 1→3 480:482 1→3 480:482 1→3 480:482 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 2 55 dep -α-D-glucan 490:500 arg1 1→4 486:488 1→4 486:488 1→4 486:488 After fractionation by freeze-thaw treatment of an aqueous extract (BW), a fraction containing a linear (1→5)-α-L-arabinan and a linear (1→3)-(1→4)-α-D-glucan was obtained (0.2% yield). 25466005 3 56 theme units 576:580 arg1 proportion 533:542 The proportion 529:542 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units 529:580 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 25466005 3 56 theme units 576:580 arg1 1:4 586:588 1:4 586:588 1:4 586:588 The proportion of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked Glcp units was 1:4. 26428120 5 0 theme photoelectron 784:796 arg1 XPS 812:814 XPS 812:814 XPS 812:814 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 5 0 theme photoelectron 784:796 arg1 spectroscopy 798:809 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 778:809 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 778:815 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 1 1 theme acid 316:319 arg1 derivatives 321:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 9 2 theme initial 1348:1354 arg1 temperature 1368:1378 a higher initial degradation temperature 1339:1378 a higher initial degradation temperature 1339:1378 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 1 3 theme study 143:147 arg1 aim 131:133 The aim 127:133 The aim of this study 127:147 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 1 4 theme fibers 228:233 arg1 surface 173:179 the surface 169:179 the surface 169:179 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 1 4 theme fibers 228:233 arg1 properties 209:218 thermal properties 201:218 thermal properties 201:218 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 0 5 theme acid 71:74 arg1 derivatives 76:86 sulfonic acid derivatives 62:86 sulfonic acid derivatives 62:86 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 8 6 theme lower 1183:1187 arg1 polarity 1197:1204 lower surface polarity 1183:1204 lower surface polarity 1183:1204 Grafting of the sulfonic derivatives resulted in lower surface polarity. 26428120 9 7 theme lower 1285:1289 arg1 degradation 1299:1309 lower percent degradation 1285:1309 lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C 1285:1332 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 5 8 dep Fourier 821:827 arg1 transform 829:837 transform 829:837 transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) 829:867 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 4 9 theme proposed 588:595 arg1 method 597:602 The proposed method 584:602 The proposed method 584:602 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 7 10 theme groups 1126:1131 arg1 characteristic 1076:1089 characteristic 1076:1089 characteristic 1076:1089 FTIR confirmed the reaction with the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups. 26428120 9 11 theme Thermogravimetric 1207:1223 arg1 analysis 1225:1232 Thermogravimetric analysis 1207:1232 Thermogravimetric analysis 1207:1232 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 0 12 theme thermal 101:107 arg1 characterization 109:124 thermal characterization 101:124 thermal characterization 101:124 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 7 13 theme benzene 1108:1114 arg1 characteristic 1076:1089 characteristic 1076:1089 characteristic 1076:1089 FTIR confirmed the reaction with the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups. 26428120 0 14 dep Surface 89:95 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives 0:86 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 9 15 theme higher 1341:1346 arg1 temperature 1368:1378 a higher initial degradation temperature 1339:1378 a higher initial degradation temperature 1339:1378 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 2 16 theme fibers 380:385 arg1 component 363:371 the cellulosic component 348:371 the cellulosic component of the fibers 348:385 Specifically, the cellulosic component of the fibers were targeted, because cellulose is not easily removed during chemical treatment. 26428120 6 17 from fibers 901:906 arg1 data 874:877 XPS data 870:877 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers 870:906 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 3 18 contain have 481:484 arg1 acids 475:479 These acids 469:479 These acids 469:479 These acids have the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications. 26428120 3 18 contain have 481:484 arg2 potential 490:498 the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications 486:581 the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications 486:581 These acids have the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications. 26428120 6 19 theme C-C-O 1003:1007 arg1 signature 1009:1017 the C-C-O signature 999:1017 the C-C-O signature 999:1017 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 4 20 theme solvents 652:659 arg1 absence 620:626 the absence 616:626 the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures 616:690 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 6 21 theme treated 888:894 arg1 fibers 901:906 the treated hemp fibers 884:906 the treated hemp fibers 884:906 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 4 22 theme reaction 670:677 arg1 temperatures 679:690 high reaction temperatures 665:690 high reaction temperatures 665:690 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 9 23 theme degradation 1356:1366 arg1 temperature 1368:1378 a higher initial degradation temperature 1339:1378 a higher initial degradation temperature 1339:1378 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 7 24 theme disubstituted 1094:1106 arg1 benzene 1108:1114 disubstituted benzene 1094:1114 disubstituted benzene 1094:1114 FTIR confirmed the reaction with the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups. 26428120 9 25 theme treated 1248:1254 arg1 fibers 1256:1261 treated fibers 1248:1261 treated fibers 1248:1261 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 3 26 theme composite 560:568 arg1 applications 570:581 composite applications 560:581 composite applications 560:581 These acids have the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications. 26428120 8 27 theme derivatives 1159:1169 arg1 Grafting 1134:1141 Grafting 1134:1141 Grafting of the sulfonic derivatives 1134:1169 Grafting of the sulfonic derivatives resulted in lower surface polarity. 26428120 4 28 theme high 665:668 arg1 temperatures 679:690 high reaction temperatures 665:690 high reaction temperatures 665:690 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 0 29 theme cellulosic 20:29 arg1 component 31:39 the cellulosic component 16:39 the cellulosic component of hemp fibers 16:54 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 1 30 theme available 265:273 arg1 derivatives 321:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 7 31 theme peaks 1070:1074 arg1 emergence 1057:1065 the emergence 1053:1065 the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups 1053:1131 FTIR confirmed the reaction with the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups. 26428120 3 32 theme natural 541:547 arg1 fibers 549:554 natural fibers 541:554 natural fibers 541:554 These acids have the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications. 26428120 7 33 theme characteristic 1076:1089 arg1 peaks 1070:1074 peaks 1070:1074 peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups 1070:1131 FTIR confirmed the reaction with the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups. 26428120 3 34 theme fibers 549:554 arg1 surfaces 529:536 the surfaces 525:536 the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications 525:581 These acids have the potential to selectively transform the surfaces of natural fibers for composite applications. 26428120 6 35 from increase 974:981 arg1 abundance 986:994 abundance 986:994 abundance of the C-C-O signature 986:1017 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 6 35 from increase 974:981 arg1 ratio 961:965 O/C ratio 957:965 O/C ratio 957:965 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 1 36 theme inexpensive 276:286 arg1 derivatives 321:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 4 37 theme organic 644:650 arg1 solvents 652:659 conventional organic solvents 631:659 conventional organic solvents 631:659 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 0 38 theme component 31:39 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives 0:86 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 2 39 theme chemical 449:456 arg1 treatment 458:466 chemical treatment 449:466 chemical treatment 449:466 Specifically, the cellulosic component of the fibers were targeted, because cellulose is not easily removed during chemical treatment. 26428120 8 40 theme sulfonic 1150:1157 arg1 derivatives 1159:1169 the sulfonic derivatives 1146:1169 the sulfonic derivatives 1146:1169 Grafting of the sulfonic derivatives resulted in lower surface polarity. 26428120 5 41 theme infra-red 839:847 arg1 FTIR 863:866 FTIR 863:866 FTIR 863:866 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 5 41 theme infra-red 839:847 arg1 spectroscopy 849:860 infra-red spectroscopy 839:860 infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) 839:867 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 4 42 theme conventional 631:642 arg1 solvents 652:659 conventional organic solvents 631:659 conventional organic solvents 631:659 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 0 43 theme fibers 49:54 arg1 component 31:39 the cellulosic component 16:39 the cellulosic component of hemp fibers 16:54 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 6 44 theme O/C 957:959 arg1 ratio 961:965 O/C ratio 957:965 O/C ratio 957:965 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 6 45 theme XPS 870:872 arg1 data 874:877 XPS data 870:877 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers 870:906 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 6 46 theme hemp 896:899 arg1 fibers 901:906 the treated hemp fibers 884:906 the treated hemp fibers 884:906 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 0 47 theme hemp 44:47 arg1 fibers 49:54 hemp fibers 44:54 hemp fibers 44:54 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 6 48 from reduction 944:952 arg1 abundance 986:994 abundance 986:994 abundance of the C-C-O signature 986:1017 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 6 48 from reduction 944:952 arg1 ratio 961:965 O/C ratio 957:965 O/C ratio 957:965 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 9 49 theme percent 1291:1297 arg1 degradation 1299:1309 lower percent degradation 1285:1309 lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C 1285:1332 Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that treated fibers were characterized by lower percent degradation between 200 and 300 °C, and a higher initial degradation temperature. 26428120 7 50 theme amino 1120:1124 arg1 groups 1126:1131 amino groups 1120:1131 amino groups 1120:1131 FTIR confirmed the reaction with the emergence of peaks characteristic of disubstituted benzene and amino groups. 26428120 1 51 theme soluble 299:305 arg1 derivatives 321:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 5 52 theme Surface 693:699 arg1 composition 710:720 Surface chemical composition 693:720 Surface chemical composition 693:720 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 1 53 theme thermal 201:207 arg1 properties 209:218 thermal properties 201:218 thermal properties 201:218 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 5 54 theme chemical 701:708 arg1 composition 710:720 Surface chemical composition 693:720 Surface chemical composition 693:720 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 0 55 theme sulfonic 62:69 arg1 derivatives 76:86 sulfonic acid derivatives 62:86 sulfonic acid derivatives 62:86 Modification of the cellulosic component of hemp fibers using sulfonic acid derivatives: Surface and thermal characterization. 26428120 5 56 theme gravimetric 756:766 arg1 analysis 768:775 gravimetric analysis 756:775 gravimetric analysis 756:775 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 8 57 theme surface 1189:1195 arg1 polarity 1197:1204 lower surface polarity 1183:1204 lower surface polarity 1183:1204 Grafting of the sulfonic derivatives resulted in lower surface polarity. 26428120 2 58 theme cellulosic 352:361 arg1 component 363:371 the cellulosic component 348:371 the cellulosic component of the fibers 348:385 Specifically, the cellulosic component of the fibers were targeted, because cellulose is not easily removed during chemical treatment. 26428120 5 59 theme X-ray 778:782 arg1 XPS 812:814 XPS 812:814 XPS 812:814 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 5 59 theme X-ray 778:782 arg1 spectroscopy 798:809 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 778:809 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 778:815 Surface chemical composition and signature were measured using gravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). 26428120 1 60 theme sulfonic 307:314 arg1 derivatives 321:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 248:331 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 26428120 6 61 theme signature 1009:1017 arg1 abundance 986:994 abundance 986:994 abundance of the C-C-O signature 986:1017 XPS data from the treated hemp fibers were characterized by measuring the reduction in O/C ratio and an increase in abundance of the C-C-O signature. 26428120 4 62 theme temperatures 679:690 arg1 absence 620:626 the absence 616:626 the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures 616:690 The proposed method proceeds in the absence of conventional organic solvents and high reaction temperatures. 26428120 1 63 theme hemp 223:226 arg1 fibers 228:233 hemp fibers 223:233 hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives 223:331 The aim of this study was to characterize the surface, morphological, and thermal properties of hemp fibers treated with two commercially available, inexpensive, and water soluble sulfonic acid derivatives. 28606531 8 0 theme flexible 1076:1083 arg1 environment 1094:1104 a flexible chemical environment 1074:1104 a flexible chemical environment 1074:1104 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 3 1 theme specific 346:353 arg1 functionalities 355:369 specific functionalities 346:369 specific functionalities 346:369 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 5 2 theme oat 659:661 arg1 BG 673:674 BG 673:674 BG 673:674 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 5 2 theme oat 659:661 arg1 β-glucan 663:670 oat β-glucan 659:670 an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system 656:692 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 6 3 theme BG 806:807 arg1 ratios 809:814 BG ratios 806:814 BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG) 806:872 To optimize performing conditions, we investigated the full range of ST:BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG). 28606531 11 4 theme bio-plastics 1460:1471 arg1 systems 1473:1479 all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1433:1479 all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1433:1479 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 11 5 theme other 1350:1354 arg1 polysaccharides 1364:1378 other natural polysaccharides 1350:1378 other natural polysaccharides 1350:1378 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 5 6 theme β-glucan 663:670 arg1 system 687:692 an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system 656:692 an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system 656:692 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 3 7 dep Mater-Bi 475:482 arg1 e.g. 470:473 e.g. 470:473 e.g. 470:473 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 8 8 contain had 1070:1072 arg2 environment 1094:1104 a flexible chemical environment 1074:1104 a flexible chemical environment 1074:1104 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 8 8 contain had 1070:1072 arg1 films 1043:1047 the composite films 1029:1047 the composite films with high BG content 1029:1068 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 8 9 theme chemical 1085:1092 arg1 environment 1094:1104 a flexible chemical environment 1074:1104 a flexible chemical environment 1074:1104 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 4 10 theme all-natural 505:515 arg1 bio-plastics 533:544 all-natural and compostable bio-plastics 505:544 all-natural and compostable bio-plastics 505:544 As an alternative, all-natural and compostable bio-plastics can be produced by blending starch with other polysaccharides. 28606531 4 10 theme all-natural 505:515 arg1 alternative 492:502 an alternative 489:502 an alternative 489:502 As an alternative, all-natural and compostable bio-plastics can be produced by blending starch with other polysaccharides. 28606531 10 11 theme BG 1291:1292 arg1 content 1294:1300 high BG content 1286:1300 high BG content 1286:1300 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction displayed a decrease in crystallinity at high BG content. 28606531 5 12 theme maize 634:638 arg1 starch 640:645 a maize starch 632:645 a maize starch (ST) 632:650 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 1 13 theme potential 93:101 arg1 materials 116:124 potential valuable raw materials 93:124 potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 93:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 11 14 theme starch 1338:1343 arg1 blending 1326:1333 the blending 1322:1333 the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides 1322:1378 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 11 14 theme starch 1338:1343 arg1 noteworthy 1385:1394 a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1383:1479 a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1383:1479 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 8 15 theme spin 1005:1008 arg1 probe 1010:1014 a spin probe 1003:1014 a spin probe 1003:1014 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 8 15 theme spin 1005:1008 arg1 TEMPO 955:959 TEMPO 955:959 TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) 955:998 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 1 16 theme valuable 103:110 arg1 materials 116:124 potential valuable raw materials 93:124 potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 93:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 9 17 dep showed 1112:1117 arg1 decreased 1119:1127 decreased 1119:1127 decreased brittleness 1119:1139 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 9 17 dep showed 1112:1117 arg1 improved 1145:1152 improved 1145:1152 improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break 1145:1213 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 2 18 theme Thermoplastic 194:206 arg1 TPS 216:218 TPS 216:218 TPS 216:218 Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is processed using conventional plastic technology, such as casting, extrusion, and molding. 28606531 2 18 theme Thermoplastic 194:206 arg1 starch 208:213 Thermoplastic starch 194:213 Thermoplastic starch (TPS) 194:219 Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is processed using conventional plastic technology, such as casting, extrusion, and molding. 28606531 11 19 with blending 1326:1333 arg1 polysaccharides 1364:1378 other natural polysaccharides 1350:1378 other natural polysaccharides 1350:1378 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 11 20 theme systems 1473:1479 arg1 functionality 1416:1428 the functionality 1412:1428 the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1412:1479 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 1 21 theme raw 112:114 arg1 materials 116:124 potential valuable raw materials 93:124 potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 93:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 8 22 theme composite 1033:1041 arg1 films 1043:1047 the composite films 1029:1047 the composite films with high BG content 1029:1068 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 6 23 theme full 789:792 arg1 range 794:798 the full range 785:798 the full range of ST 785:804 To optimize performing conditions, we investigated the full range of ST:BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG). 28606531 10 24 theme Wide-angle 1216:1225 arg1 diffraction 1233:1243 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction 1216:1243 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction 1216:1243 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction displayed a decrease in crystallinity at high BG content. 28606531 5 25 theme bio-plastic 705:715 arg1 films 727:731 bio-plastic prototype films 705:731 bio-plastic prototype films 705:731 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 0 26 theme All-natural 0:10 arg1 bio-plastics 12:23 All-natural bio-plastics 0:23 All-natural bio-plastics 0:23 All-natural bio-plastics using starch-betaglucan composites. 28606531 3 27 dep required 460:467 arg1 Mater-Bi 475:482 Mater-Bi 475:482 Mater-Bi 475:482 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 8 28 theme Paramagnetic 919:930 arg1 EPR 943:945 EPR 943:945 EPR 943:945 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 8 28 theme Paramagnetic 919:930 arg1 Resonance 932:940 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 910:940 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) 910:946 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 0 29 theme starch-betaglucan 31:47 arg1 composites 49:58 starch-betaglucan composites 31:58 starch-betaglucan composites 31:58 All-natural bio-plastics using starch-betaglucan composites. 28606531 3 30 with functionalities 355:369 arg1 polycaprolactone 439:454 polycaprolactone 439:454 polycaprolactone 439:454 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 3 30 with functionalities 355:369 arg1 polymers 421:428 synthetic polymers 411:428 synthetic polymers 411:428 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 9 31 theme high 1172:1175 arg1 stress 1177:1182 high stress 1172:1182 high stress 1172:1182 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 1 32 theme next-generation 130:144 arg1 plastics 184:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 9 33 theme stress 1177:1182 arg1 values 1195:1200 high stress and strain values 1172:1200 high stress and strain values at the break 1172:1213 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 1 34 theme advanced 146:153 arg1 plastics 184:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 9 35 with cohesiveness 1154:1165 arg1 values 1195:1200 high stress and strain values 1172:1200 high stress and strain values at the break 1172:1213 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 3 36 dep functionalities 355:369 arg1 modifications 380:392 chemical modifications 371:392 chemical modifications 371:392 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 5 37 used used 627:630 arg2 we 624:625 we 624:625 we 624:625 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 8 38 theme BG 1059:1060 arg1 content 1062:1068 high BG content 1054:1068 high BG content 1054:1068 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 5 39 theme prototype 717:725 arg1 films 727:731 bio-plastic prototype films 705:731 bio-plastic prototype films 705:731 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 9 40 theme strain 1188:1193 arg1 values 1195:1200 high stress and strain values 1172:1200 high stress and strain values at the break 1172:1213 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 3 41 theme synthetic 411:419 arg1 polycaprolactone 439:454 polycaprolactone 439:454 polycaprolactone 439:454 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 3 41 theme synthetic 411:419 arg1 polymers 421:428 synthetic polymers 411:428 synthetic polymers 411:428 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 6 42 theme ST 803:804 arg1 range 794:798 the full range 785:798 the full range of ST 785:804 To optimize performing conditions, we investigated the full range of ST:BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG). 28606531 4 43 theme other 586:590 arg1 polysaccharides 592:606 other polysaccharides 586:606 other polysaccharides 586:606 As an alternative, all-natural and compostable bio-plastics can be produced by blending starch with other polysaccharides. 28606531 3 44 with blending 397:404 arg1 polycaprolactone 439:454 polycaprolactone 439:454 polycaprolactone 439:454 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 3 44 with blending 397:404 arg1 polymers 421:428 synthetic polymers 411:428 synthetic polymers 411:428 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 4 45 theme compostable 521:531 arg1 bio-plastics 533:544 all-natural and compostable bio-plastics 505:544 all-natural and compostable bio-plastics 505:544 As an alternative, all-natural and compostable bio-plastics can be produced by blending starch with other polysaccharides. 28606531 4 45 theme compostable 521:531 arg1 alternative 492:502 an alternative 489:502 an alternative 489:502 As an alternative, all-natural and compostable bio-plastics can be produced by blending starch with other polysaccharides. 28606531 10 46 theme high 1286:1289 arg1 content 1294:1300 high BG content 1286:1300 high BG content 1286:1300 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction displayed a decrease in crystallinity at high BG content. 28606531 1 47 theme environmentally 159:173 arg1 plastics 184:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 11 48 theme all-natural 1433:1443 arg1 systems 1473:1479 all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1433:1479 all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1433:1479 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 5 49 theme composite 677:685 arg1 system 687:692 an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system 656:692 an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system 656:692 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 2 50 theme plastic 253:259 arg1 technology 261:270 conventional plastic technology 240:270 conventional plastic technology 240:270 Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is processed using conventional plastic technology, such as casting, extrusion, and molding. 28606531 10 51 from decrease 1257:1264 arg1 crystallinity 1269:1281 crystallinity 1269:1281 crystallinity 1269:1281 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction displayed a decrease in crystallinity at high BG content. 28606531 6 52 theme performing 746:755 arg1 conditions 757:766 performing conditions 746:766 performing conditions 746:766 To optimize performing conditions, we investigated the full range of ST:BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG). 28606531 1 53 theme friendly 175:182 arg1 plastics 184:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics 130:191 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 5 54 dep starch 640:645 arg1 ST 648:649 ST 648:649 ST 648:649 In this study, we used a maize starch (ST) and an oat β-glucan (BG) composite system to produce bio-plastic prototype films. 28606531 8 55 theme high 1054:1057 arg1 content 1062:1068 high BG content 1054:1068 high BG content 1054:1068 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 2 56 theme conventional 240:251 arg1 technology 261:270 conventional plastic technology 240:270 conventional plastic technology 240:270 Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is processed using conventional plastic technology, such as casting, extrusion, and molding. 28606531 6 57 dep optimize 737:744 arg1 ratios 809:814 BG ratios 806:814 BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG) 806:872 To optimize performing conditions, we investigated the full range of ST:BG ratios for the casting (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 BG). 28606531 10 58 theme X-ray 1227:1231 arg1 diffraction 1233:1243 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction 1216:1243 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction 1216:1243 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction displayed a decrease in crystallinity at high BG content. 28606531 9 59 from break 1209:1213 arg1 values 1195:1200 high stress and strain values 1172:1200 high stress and strain values at the break 1172:1213 They showed decreased brittleness and improved cohesiveness with high stress and strain values at the break. 28606531 8 60 with films 1043:1047 arg1 content 1062:1068 high BG content 1054:1068 high BG content 1054:1068 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 1 61 theme Grain 61:65 arg1 polysaccharides 67:81 Grain polysaccharides 61:81 Grain polysaccharides 61:81 Grain polysaccharides represent potential valuable raw materials for next-generation advanced and environmentally friendly plastics. 28606531 11 62 theme polysaccharide 1445:1458 arg1 systems 1473:1479 all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1433:1479 all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems 1433:1479 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28606531 3 63 theme chemical 371:378 arg1 modifications 380:392 chemical modifications 371:392 chemical modifications 371:392 However, to adapt the starch to specific functionalities chemical modifications or blending with synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone are required (e.g. Mater-Bi). 28606531 8 64 theme Electron 910:917 arg1 EPR 943:945 EPR 943:945 EPR 943:945 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 8 64 theme Electron 910:917 arg1 Resonance 932:940 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 910:940 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) 910:946 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) as a spin probe, showed that the composite films with high BG content had a flexible chemical environment. 28606531 11 65 theme natural 1356:1362 arg1 polysaccharides 1364:1378 other natural polysaccharides 1350:1378 other natural polysaccharides 1350:1378 Our data show that the blending of starch with other natural polysaccharides is a noteworthy path to improve the functionality of all-natural polysaccharide bio-plastics systems. 28656506 4 0 theme β-Gal 579:583 arg1 α-GalNAc 591:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 0 theme β-Gal 579:583 arg1 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) 565:599 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 6 1 from effect 1100:1105 arg1 conformation 1140:1151 the overall peptide conformation 1120:1151 the overall peptide conformation 1120:1151 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28656506 9 2 theme drosocin 1457:1464 arg1 forms 1466:1470 All the drosocin forms 1449:1470 All the drosocin forms 1449:1470 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 4 3 theme 1 → 3 585:589 arg1 α-GalNAc 591:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 3 theme 1 → 3 585:589 arg1 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) 565:599 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 9 4 theme murine 1595:1600 arg1 macrophages 1602:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 5 5 gly monoglycosylated 866:881 arg1 drosocin 883:890 monoglycosylated drosocin 866:890 monoglycosylated drosocin 866:890 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 4 6 theme functional 638:647 arg1 properties 649:658 its structural and functional properties 619:658 its structural and functional properties 619:658 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 2 7 theme few 257:259 arg1 members 261:267 few members 257:267 few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification 257:340 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 5 8 from length 1010:1015 arg1 activity 1024:1031 the activity 1020:1031 the activity 1020:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 5 9 theme Gram 915:918 arg1 bacteria 929:936 all the tested Gram negative bacteria 900:936 all the tested Gram negative bacteria 900:936 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 5 10 theme sugar 973:977 arg1 role 954:957 the role 950:957 the role of the distal sugar 950:977 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 5 10 theme sugar 973:977 arg1 increase 982:989 increase 982:989 increase in the sugar chain length on the activity 982:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 2 11 theme class 277:281 arg1 members 261:267 few members 257:267 few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification 257:340 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 5 12 theme monoglycosylated 866:881 arg1 drosocin 883:890 monoglycosylated drosocin 866:890 monoglycosylated drosocin 866:890 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 10 13 theme glycosylated 1684:1695 arg1 forms 1697:1701 two different glycosylated forms 1670:1701 two different glycosylated forms of drosocin 1670:1713 This study provides insights about naturally occurring two different glycosylated forms of drosocin. 28656506 4 14 theme structural 623:632 arg1 properties 649:658 its structural and functional properties 619:658 its structural and functional properties 619:658 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 9 15 theme TNF-α 1521:1525 arg1 secretion 1508:1516 the secretion 1504:1516 the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 1504:1534 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 8 16 theme murine 1399:1404 arg1 macrophages 1406:1416 murine macrophages 1399:1416 murine macrophages 1399:1416 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 2 17 theme rich 205:208 arg1 AMPs 210:213 proline rich AMPs 197:213 proline rich AMPs from insects 197:226 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 9 18 theme IL-6 1531:1534 arg1 secretion 1508:1516 the secretion 1504:1516 the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 1504:1534 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 9 19 dep tested 1472:1477 arg1 neither 1480:1486 neither 1480:1486 neither 1480:1486 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 4 20 theme i.e. 727:730 arg1 α-GalNAc-drosocin 732:748 drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin 718:748 drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 718:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 21 gly monoglycosylated 693:708 arg1 α-GalNAc-drosocin 732:748 drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin 718:748 drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 718:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 21 gly monoglycosylated 693:708 arg1 form 710:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form 665:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 665:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 10 22 gly glycosylated 1684:1695 arg1 drosocin 1706:1713 drosocin 1706:1713 drosocin 1706:1713 This study provides insights about naturally occurring two different glycosylated forms of drosocin. 28656506 10 22 gly glycosylated 1684:1695 arg1 forms 1697:1701 two different glycosylated forms 1670:1701 two different glycosylated forms of drosocin 1670:1713 This study provides insights about naturally occurring two different glycosylated forms of drosocin. 28656506 1 23 theme key 132:134 arg1 peptides 112:119 Antimicrobial peptides 98:119 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 98:126 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 1 23 theme key 132:134 arg1 players 136:142 key players 132:142 key players of innate immunity 132:161 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 6 24 theme dichroism 1043:1051 arg1 studies 1053:1059 Circular dichroism studies 1034:1059 Circular dichroism studies 1034:1059 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28656506 8 25 theme drosocins 1343:1351 arg1 effect 1305:1310 the effect 1301:1310 the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages 1301:1446 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 4 26 gly non-glycosylated 766:781 arg1 drosocin 783:790 non-glycosylated drosocin 766:790 non-glycosylated drosocin 766:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 9 27 theme LPS-induced 1555:1565 arg1 levels 1567:1572 LPS-induced levels 1555:1572 LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages 1555:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 9 28 from IL-6 1587:1590 arg1 macrophages 1602:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 4 29 theme monoglycosylated 693:708 arg1 form 710:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form 665:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 665:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 7 30 theme sugar 1245:1249 arg1 length 1257:1262 the sugar chain length 1241:1262 the sugar chain length 1241:1262 Haemolytic and cytotoxic properties of drosocin were not altered due to an increase in the sugar chain length. 28656506 1 31 theme immunity 154:161 arg1 peptides 112:119 Antimicrobial peptides 98:119 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 98:126 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 1 31 theme immunity 154:161 arg1 players 136:142 key players 132:142 key players of innate immunity 132:161 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 9 32 from TNF-α 1577:1581 arg1 macrophages 1602:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 4 33 theme non-glycosylated 766:781 arg1 drosocin 783:790 non-glycosylated drosocin 766:790 non-glycosylated drosocin 766:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 8 34 gly glycosylated 1330:1341 arg1 drosocins 1343:1351 differentially glycosylated drosocins 1315:1351 differentially glycosylated drosocins 1315:1351 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 8 35 from effect 1305:1310 arg1 cytokines 1377:1385 two pro-inflammatory cytokines 1356:1385 two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages 1356:1446 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 0 36 theme rich 60:63 arg1 Drosocin 88:95 Drosocin 88:95 Drosocin 88:95 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 0 36 theme rich 60:63 arg1 peptide 79:85 proline rich antibacterial peptide 52:85 proline rich antibacterial peptide 52:85 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 10 37 theme drosocin 1706:1713 arg1 forms 1697:1701 two different glycosylated forms 1670:1701 two different glycosylated forms of drosocin 1670:1713 This study provides insights about naturally occurring two different glycosylated forms of drosocin. 28656506 5 38 theme chain 1004:1008 arg1 length 1010:1015 the sugar chain length 994:1015 the sugar chain length on the activity 994:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 2 39 from insects 220:226 arg1 AMPs 210:213 proline rich AMPs 197:213 proline rich AMPs from insects 197:226 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 0 40 theme peptide 79:85 arg1 forms 43:47 naturally occurring glycosylated forms 10:47 naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin 10:95 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 3 41 theme rich 409:412 arg1 class 414:418 proline rich class 401:418 proline rich class 401:418 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 5 42 theme lower 840:844 arg1 potency 846:852 lower potency 840:852 lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria 840:936 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 1 43 theme Antimicrobial 98:110 arg1 AMPs 122:125 AMPs 122:125 AMPs 122:125 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 1 43 theme Antimicrobial 98:110 arg1 peptides 112:119 Antimicrobial peptides 98:119 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 98:126 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 1 43 theme Antimicrobial 98:110 arg1 players 136:142 key players 132:142 key players of innate immunity 132:161 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 6 44 theme differential 1087:1098 arg1 effect 1100:1105 the differential effect 1083:1105 the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation 1083:1151 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28656506 3 45 theme acid 364:367 arg1 AMP 382:384 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 3 45 theme acid 364:367 arg1 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 2 46 theme various 172:178 arg1 classes 180:186 various classes 172:186 various classes of AMPs 172:194 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 5 47 theme disaccharide 797:808 arg1 drosocin 821:828 The disaccharide containing drosocin 793:828 The disaccharide containing drosocin 793:828 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 7 48 theme drosocin 1193:1200 arg1 Haemolytic 1154:1163 Haemolytic 1154:1163 Haemolytic 1154:1163 Haemolytic and cytotoxic properties of drosocin were not altered due to an increase in the sugar chain length. 28656506 0 49 theme antibacterial 65:77 arg1 Drosocin 88:95 Drosocin 88:95 Drosocin 88:95 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 0 49 theme antibacterial 65:77 arg1 peptide 79:85 proline rich antibacterial peptide 52:85 proline rich antibacterial peptide 52:85 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 0 50 gly glycosylated 30:41 arg1 Drosocin 88:95 Drosocin 88:95 Drosocin 88:95 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 0 50 gly glycosylated 30:41 arg1 peptide 79:85 proline rich antibacterial peptide 52:85 proline rich antibacterial peptide 52:85 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 0 50 gly glycosylated 30:41 arg1 forms 43:47 naturally occurring glycosylated forms 10:47 naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin 10:95 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 4 51 theme chemical 525:532 arg1 synthesis 534:542 the chemical synthesis 521:542 the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 521:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 5 52 from increase 982:989 arg1 length 1010:1015 the sugar chain length 994:1015 the sugar chain length on the activity 994:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 5 52 from increase 982:989 arg1 activity 1024:1031 the activity 1020:1031 the activity 1020:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 4 53 with comparison 605:614 arg1 form 710:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form 665:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 665:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 5 54 theme containing 810:819 arg1 drosocin 821:828 The disaccharide containing drosocin 793:828 The disaccharide containing drosocin 793:828 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 6 55 theme overall 1124:1130 arg1 conformation 1140:1151 the overall peptide conformation 1120:1151 the overall peptide conformation 1120:1151 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28656506 9 56 from levels 1567:1572 arg1 macrophages 1602:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 murine macrophages 1595:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 4 57 with form 710:713 arg1 drosocin 783:790 non-glycosylated drosocin 766:790 non-glycosylated drosocin 766:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 58 with disaccharide 565:576 arg1 form 710:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form 665:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 665:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 5 59 from activity 1024:1031 arg1 role 954:957 the role 950:957 the role of the distal sugar 950:977 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 5 59 from activity 1024:1031 arg1 increase 982:989 increase 982:989 increase in the sugar chain length on the activity 982:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 4 60 contain carrying 556:563 arg2 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) 565:599 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 60 contain carrying 556:563 arg1 drosocin 547:554 drosocin 547:554 drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 547:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 60 contain carrying 556:563 arg2 α-GalNAc 591:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 60 contain carrying 556:563 arg2 comparison 605:614 comparison 605:614 comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 605:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 5 61 theme tested 908:913 arg1 bacteria 929:936 all the tested Gram negative bacteria 900:936 all the tested Gram negative bacteria 900:936 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 4 62 theme properties 649:658 arg1 α-GalNAc 591:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc 579:598 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 62 theme properties 649:658 arg1 comparison 605:614 comparison 605:614 comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 605:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 62 theme properties 649:658 arg1 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide 565:576 disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) 565:599 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 10 63 theme different 1674:1682 arg1 forms 1697:1701 two different glycosylated forms 1670:1701 two different glycosylated forms of drosocin 1670:1713 This study provides insights about naturally occurring two different glycosylated forms of drosocin. 28656506 7 64 from increase 1229:1236 arg1 length 1257:1262 the sugar chain length 1241:1262 the sugar chain length 1241:1262 Haemolytic and cytotoxic properties of drosocin were not altered due to an increase in the sugar chain length. 28656506 4 65 theme drosocin 718:725 arg1 α-GalNAc-drosocin 732:748 drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin 718:748 drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 718:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 7 66 theme chain 1251:1255 arg1 length 1257:1262 the sugar chain length 1241:1262 the sugar chain length 1241:1262 Haemolytic and cytotoxic properties of drosocin were not altered due to an increase in the sugar chain length. 28656506 2 67 theme special 234:240 arg1 attention 242:250 special attention 234:250 special attention 234:250 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 5 68 theme negative 920:927 arg1 bacteria 929:936 all the tested Gram negative bacteria 900:936 all the tested Gram negative bacteria 900:936 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 9 69 from macrophages 1602:1612 arg1 levels 1567:1572 LPS-induced levels 1555:1572 LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages 1555:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 6 70 theme Circular 1034:1041 arg1 studies 1053:1059 Circular dichroism studies 1034:1059 Circular dichroism studies 1034:1059 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28656506 8 71 theme glycosylated 1330:1341 arg1 drosocins 1343:1351 differentially glycosylated drosocins 1315:1351 differentially glycosylated drosocins 1315:1351 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 1 72 theme innate 147:152 arg1 immunity 154:161 innate immunity 147:161 innate immunity 147:161 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key players of innate immunity. 28656506 4 73 theme occurring 683:691 arg1 form 710:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form 665:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 665:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 9 74 theme TNF-α 1577:1581 arg1 levels 1567:1572 LPS-induced levels 1555:1572 LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages 1555:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 3 75 theme amino 358:362 arg1 acid 364:367 a 19 amino acid 353:367 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 8 76 theme pro-inflammatory 1360:1375 arg1 cytokines 1377:1385 two pro-inflammatory cytokines 1356:1385 two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages 1356:1446 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 3 77 theme melanogaster 465:476 arg1 haemolymph 440:449 the haemolymph 436:449 the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster 436:476 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 9 78 theme IL-6 1587:1590 arg1 levels 1567:1572 LPS-induced levels 1555:1572 LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages 1555:1612 All the drosocin forms tested, neither could stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 nor could modulate LPS-induced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in murine macrophages. 28656506 6 79 theme sugars 1110:1115 arg1 effect 1100:1105 the differential effect 1083:1105 the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation 1083:1151 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28656506 3 80 gly glycosylated 369:380 arg1 AMP 382:384 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 3 80 gly glycosylated 369:380 arg1 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 5 81 theme distal 966:971 arg1 sugar 973:977 the distal sugar 962:977 the distal sugar 962:977 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 4 82 theme drosocin 547:554 arg1 synthesis 534:542 the chemical synthesis 521:542 the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 521:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 4 83 theme α-GalNAc-drosocin 732:748 arg1 form 710:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form 665:713 another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin 665:790 We report herein the chemical synthesis of drosocin carrying disaccharide (β-Gal(1 → 3)α-GalNAc) and comparison of its structural and functional properties with another naturally occurring monoglycosylated form of drosocin i.e. α-GalNAc-drosocin as well as with non-glycosylated drosocin. 28656506 3 84 theme class 414:418 arg1 member 391:396 a member 389:396 a member 389:396 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 3 84 theme class 414:418 arg1 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 0 85 theme glycosylated 30:41 arg1 forms 43:47 naturally occurring glycosylated forms 10:47 naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin 10:95 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 5 86 from role 954:957 arg1 length 1010:1015 the sugar chain length 994:1015 the sugar chain length on the activity 994:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 5 86 from role 954:957 arg1 activity 1024:1031 the activity 1020:1031 the activity 1020:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 3 87 theme glycosylated 369:380 arg1 AMP 382:384 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP 353:384 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 3 87 theme glycosylated 369:380 arg1 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin 343:350 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 5 88 theme sugar 998:1002 arg1 length 1010:1015 the sugar chain length 994:1015 the sugar chain length on the activity 994:1031 The disaccharide containing drosocin exhibited lower potency compared to monoglycosylated drosocin against all the tested Gram negative bacteria, suggesting the role of the distal sugar or increase in the sugar chain length on the activity. 28656506 8 89 theme stimulated 1425:1434 arg1 macrophages 1436:1446 LPS stimulated macrophages 1421:1446 LPS stimulated macrophages 1421:1446 In addition, we have also evaluated the effect of differentially glycosylated drosocins on two pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by murine macrophages or LPS stimulated macrophages. 28656506 7 90 theme cytotoxic 1169:1177 arg1 properties 1179:1188 cytotoxic properties 1169:1188 cytotoxic properties 1169:1188 Haemolytic and cytotoxic properties of drosocin were not altered due to an increase in the sugar chain length. 28656506 3 91 theme bacterial 483:491 arg1 challenge 493:501 bacterial challenge 483:501 bacterial challenge 483:501 Drosocin, a 19 amino acid glycosylated AMP is a member of proline rich class, synthesized in the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster upon bacterial challenge. 28656506 0 92 dep glycosylated 30:41 arg1 occurring 20:28 occurring 20:28 occurring 20:28 Comparing naturally occurring glycosylated forms of proline rich antibacterial peptide, Drosocin. 28656506 2 93 theme AMPs 191:194 arg1 classes 180:186 various classes 172:186 various classes of AMPs 172:194 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 2 94 theme post-translational 310:327 arg1 modification 329:340 post-translational modification 310:340 post-translational modification 310:340 Amongst various classes of AMPs, proline rich AMPs from insects enjoy special attention with few members of this class bearing O-glycosylation as post-translational modification. 28656506 6 95 theme peptide 1132:1138 arg1 conformation 1140:1151 the overall peptide conformation 1120:1151 the overall peptide conformation 1120:1151 Circular dichroism studies failed to demonstrate the differential effect of sugars on the overall peptide conformation. 28417371 0 0 theme Transformed 78:88 arg1 Spectroscopy 103:114 Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy 70:114 Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 70:122 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 0 0 theme Transformed 78:88 arg1 FT-IR 117:121 FT-IR 117:121 FT-IR 117:121 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 4 1 theme enzyme 839:844 arg1 processes 863:871 complex enzyme saccharification processes 831:871 complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 831:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 2 dep Roach 388:392 arg1 al. 397:399 Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363 388:428 al. 397:399 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 2 dep Roach 388:392 arg1 Physiol 408:414 Physiol 408:414 Physiol 408:414 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 3 3 theme principal 692:700 arg1 PCA 722:724 PCA 722:724 PCA 722:724 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 3 3 theme principal 692:700 arg1 analysis 712:719 principal component analysis 692:719 principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall 692:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 0 4 theme Fourier 70:76 arg1 Spectroscopy 103:114 Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy 70:114 Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 70:122 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 0 4 theme Fourier 70:76 arg1 FT-IR 117:121 FT-IR 117:121 FT-IR 117:121 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 4 5 dep Roach 1183:1187 arg1 al. 1192:1194 Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363 1183:1223 al. 1192:1194 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 5 dep Roach 1183:1187 arg1 Physiol 1203:1209 Physiol 1203:1209 Physiol 1203:1209 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 2 6 theme sample 489:494 arg1 fingerprint 472:482 a fingerprint 470:482 a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material 470:615 The infrared spectrum generates a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material. 28417371 2 7 theme vibrations 552:561 arg1 frequency 539:547 the frequency 535:547 the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material 535:615 The infrared spectrum generates a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material. 28417371 4 8 from moieties 919:926 arg1 low-quality 931:941 low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015) 931:1028 low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015) 931:1028 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 3 9 theme component 702:710 arg1 PCA 722:724 PCA 722:724 PCA 722:724 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 3 9 theme component 702:710 arg1 analysis 712:719 principal component analysis 692:719 principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall 692:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 0 10 from Analysis 0:7 arg1 Wall 59:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 5 11 theme major 1314:1318 arg1 differences 1334:1344 the major compositional differences 1310:1344 the major compositional differences across a large set of samples 1310:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 4 12 theme cell 1058:1061 arg1 lines 1075:1079 cell wall mutant lines 1058:1079 cell wall mutant lines 1058:1079 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 13 theme complex 831:837 arg1 processes 863:871 complex enzyme saccharification processes 831:871 complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 831:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 0 14 theme Mid-Infrared 90:101 arg1 Spectroscopy 103:114 Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy 70:114 Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) 70:122 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 0 14 theme Mid-Infrared 90:101 arg1 FT-IR 117:121 FT-IR 117:121 FT-IR 117:121 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 5 15 theme FTIR 1237:1240 arg1 method 1242:1247 The FTIR method 1233:1247 The FTIR method described here 1233:1262 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 5 16 theme compositional 1320:1332 arg1 differences 1334:1344 the major compositional differences 1310:1344 the major compositional differences across a large set of samples 1310:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 3 17 theme plant 766:770 arg1 wall 777:780 the plant cell wall 762:780 the plant cell wall 762:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 4 18 theme Res 1002:1004 arg1 Badhan 980:985 Badhan 980:985 Badhan 980:985 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 18 theme Res 1002:1004 arg1 Int 1006:1008 BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015 995:1027 Int 1006:1008 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 5 19 theme cost 1385:1388 arg1 manner 1409:1414 a low cost and nondestructive manner 1379:1414 a low cost and nondestructive manner 1379:1414 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 4 20 theme BioMed 995:1000 arg1 Badhan 980:985 Badhan 980:985 Badhan 980:985 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 20 theme BioMed 995:1000 arg1 Int 1006:1008 BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015 995:1027 Int 1006:1008 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 21 theme mutant 1068:1073 arg1 lines 1075:1079 cell wall mutant lines 1058:1079 cell wall mutant lines 1058:1079 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 3 22 theme cell 772:775 arg1 wall 777:780 the plant cell wall 762:780 the plant cell wall 762:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 4 23 dep Badhan 1134:1139 arg1 2011 1226:1229 2011 1226:1229 2011 1226:1229 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 23 dep Badhan 1134:1139 arg1 Roach 1183:1187 Roach 1183:1187 Roach 1183:1187 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 23 dep Badhan 1134:1139 arg1 Biofuels 1160:1167 Biofuels 1160:1167 Biofuels 1160:1167 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 23 dep Badhan 1134:1139 arg1 al. 1144:1146 Badhan et al. 1134:1146 Badhan et al. 1134:1146 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 0 24 from Composition 33:43 arg1 Wall 59:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 5 25 theme high-throughput 1276:1290 arg1 identification 1292:1305 high-throughput identification 1276:1305 high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples 1276:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 4 26 dep digestion 884:892 arg1 characterize 1045:1056 characterize 1045:1056 to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 1042:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 26 dep digestion 884:892 arg1 identify 897:904 identify 897:904 to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015) 894:1028 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 2 27 with sample 489:494 arg1 peaks 512:516 absorption peaks 501:516 absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material 501:615 The infrared spectrum generates a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material. 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Badhan 338:343 Badhan 338:343 Badhan 338:343 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Int 364:366 BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015 353:385 Int 364:366 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 2011 431:434 2011 431:434 2011 431:434 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Biofuels 315:322 Biofuels 315:322 Biofuels 315:322 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Plant 266:270 Front Plant 260:270 Front Plant 260:270 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Badhan 289:294 Badhan 289:294 Badhan 289:294 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Sci 272:274 Sci 272:274 Sci 272:274 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 al. 255:257 Acebes et al., Front Plant 245:270 al. 255:257 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 28 dep Acebes 245:250 arg1 Roach 388:392 Roach 388:392 Roach 388:392 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 29 dep resist 956:961 arg1 Badhan 980:985 Badhan 980:985 Badhan 980:985 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 29 dep resist 956:961 arg1 Int 1006:1008 BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015 995:1027 Int 1006:1008 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 30 theme powerful 183:190 arg1 spectroscopy 158:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy 125:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 125:176 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 30 theme powerful 183:190 arg1 tool 192:195 a powerful tool 181:195 a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls 181:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 0 31 theme Carbohydrate 20:31 arg1 Composition 33:43 Complex Carbohydrate Composition 12:43 Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall 12:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 1 32 theme Front 260:264 arg1 Plant 266:270 Front Plant 260:270 Front Plant 260:270 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 2 33 theme infrared 442:449 arg1 spectrum 451:458 The infrared spectrum 438:458 The infrared spectrum 438:458 The infrared spectrum generates a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material. 28417371 4 34 theme wall 1063:1066 arg1 lines 1075:1079 cell wall mutant lines 1058:1079 cell wall mutant lines 1058:1079 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 0 35 theme Complex 12:18 arg1 Composition 33:43 Complex Carbohydrate Composition 12:43 Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall 12:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 1 36 dep Badhan 289:294 arg1 al. 299:301 Badhan et al. 289:301 Badhan et al. 289:301 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 37 dep Badhan 980:985 arg1 al. 990:992 Badhan et al. 980:992 Badhan et al. 980:992 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 3 38 theme wall 777:780 arg1 composition 747:757 the composition 743:757 the composition of the plant cell wall 743:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 5 39 theme samples 1368:1374 arg1 samples 1368:1374 samples 1368:1374 samples 1368:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 5 39 theme samples 1368:1374 arg1 set 1361:1363 a large set 1353:1363 a large set of samples 1353:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 4 40 theme exogenous 1112:1120 arg1 hydrolases 1122:1131 exogenous hydrolases 1112:1131 exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 1112:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 40 theme exogenous 1112:1120 arg1 Badhan 1134:1139 Badhan 1134:1139 Badhan 1134:1139 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 41 theme compositional 201:213 arg1 analysis 215:222 compositional analysis 201:222 compositional analysis of plant cell walls 201:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 0 42 theme Composition 33:43 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall 0:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 4 43 theme saccharification 846:861 arg1 processes 863:871 complex enzyme saccharification processes 831:871 complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 831:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 44 theme recalcitrant 906:917 arg1 moieties 919:926 recalcitrant moieties 906:926 recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015) 906:1028 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 3 45 with combination 675:685 arg1 PCA 722:724 PCA 722:724 PCA 722:724 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 3 45 with combination 675:685 arg1 analysis 712:719 principal component analysis 692:719 principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall 692:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 0 46 theme Cell 54:57 arg1 Wall 59:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 3 47 from use 660:662 arg1 combination 675:685 combination 675:685 combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall 675:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 0 48 from Wall 59:62 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall 0:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 0 49 theme Plant 48:52 arg1 Wall 59:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Plant Cell Wall 48:62 Analysis of Complex Carbohydrate Composition in Plant Cell Wall Using Fourier Transformed Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). 28417371 4 50 theme transgenic 1084:1093 arg1 lines 1095:1099 transgenic lines 1084:1099 transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 1084:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 2 51 theme atoms 588:592 arg1 bonds 575:579 the bonds 571:579 the bonds of the atoms making up the material 571:615 The infrared spectrum generates a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material. 28417371 4 52 used used 817:820 arg2 method 788:793 This method 783:793 This method 783:793 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 53 dep low-quality 931:941 arg1 forage 943:948 forage 943:948 forage 943:948 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 54 theme Fourier 125:131 arg1 spectroscopy 158:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy 125:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 125:176 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 54 theme Fourier 125:131 arg1 tool 192:195 a powerful tool 181:195 a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls 181:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 54 theme Fourier 125:131 arg1 FTIR 172:175 FTIR 172:175 FTIR 172:175 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 2 55 theme absorption 501:510 arg1 peaks 512:516 absorption peaks 501:516 absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material 501:615 The infrared spectrum generates a fingerprint of a sample with absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of vibrations between the bonds of the atoms making up the material. 28417371 1 56 dep Badhan 338:343 arg1 al. 348:350 Badhan et al. 338:350 Badhan et al. 338:350 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 5 57 theme large 1355:1359 arg1 samples 1368:1374 samples 1368:1374 samples 1368:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 5 57 theme large 1355:1359 arg1 set 1361:1363 a large set 1353:1363 a large set of samples 1353:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 1 58 theme BioMed 353:358 arg1 Int 364:366 BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015 353:385 Int 364:366 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 59 theme transformed 133:143 arg1 spectroscopy 158:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy 125:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 125:176 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 59 theme transformed 133:143 arg1 tool 192:195 a powerful tool 181:195 a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls 181:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 59 theme transformed 133:143 arg1 FTIR 172:175 FTIR 172:175 FTIR 172:175 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 60 theme plant 227:231 arg1 walls 238:242 plant cell walls 227:242 plant cell walls 227:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 5 61 theme nondestructive 1394:1407 arg1 manner 1409:1414 a low cost and nondestructive manner 1379:1414 a low cost and nondestructive manner 1379:1414 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 1 62 theme Res 360:362 arg1 Int 364:366 BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015 353:385 Int 364:366 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 63 dep tool 192:195 arg1 Acebes 245:250 Acebes 245:250 Acebes 245:250 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 5 64 theme differences 1334:1344 arg1 identification 1292:1305 high-throughput identification 1276:1305 high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples 1276:1374 The FTIR method described here facilitates high-throughput identification of the major compositional differences across a large set of samples in a low cost and nondestructive manner. 28417371 1 65 theme mid-infrared 145:156 arg1 spectroscopy 158:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy 125:169 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 125:176 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 65 theme mid-infrared 145:156 arg1 tool 192:195 a powerful tool 181:195 a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls 181:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 65 theme mid-infrared 145:156 arg1 FTIR 172:175 FTIR 172:175 FTIR 172:175 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 66 theme rumen 963:967 arg1 digestion 969:977 rumen digestion 963:977 rumen digestion 963:977 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 1 67 theme cell 233:236 arg1 walls 238:242 plant cell walls 227:242 plant cell walls 227:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 4 68 theme rumen 878:882 arg1 digestion 884:892 rumen digestion 878:892 rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011) 878:1230 This method has been successfully used to study complex enzyme saccharification processes like rumen digestion to identify recalcitrant moieties in low-quality forage which resist rumen digestion (Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015), as well as to characterize cell wall mutant lines or transgenic lines expressing exogenous hydrolases (Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28417371 3 69 theme FTIR 667:670 arg1 use 660:662 the use 656:662 the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall 656:780 Here, we describe a method focused on the use of FTIR in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the composition of the plant cell wall. 28417371 1 70 theme walls 238:242 arg1 analysis 215:222 compositional analysis 201:222 compositional analysis of plant cell walls 201:242 Fourier transformed mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful tool for compositional analysis of plant cell walls (Acebes et al., Front Plant Sci 5:303, 2014; Badhan et al., Biotechnol Biofuels 7:1-15, 2014; Badhan et al., BioMed Res Int 2015: 562952, 2015; Roach et al., Plant Physiol 156:1351-1363, 2011). 28457468 6 0 theme glycan 944:949 arg1 glucuronoxylan 842:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan 831:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions 831:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 6 0 theme glycan 944:949 arg1 component 951:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component 919:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls 919:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 5 1 theme wall 672:675 arg1 treatment 650:658 Accellerase-1500® treatment 632:658 Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 632:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 2 theme hemicellulose 779:791 arg1 roles 759:763 the roles 755:763 the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass 755:828 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 6 3 theme non-cellulosic 929:942 arg1 glucuronoxylan 842:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan 831:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions 831:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 6 3 theme non-cellulosic 929:942 arg1 component 951:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component 919:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls 919:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 5 4 theme glucose 612:618 arg1 amounts 601:607 The amounts 597:607 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 597:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 4 theme glucose 612:618 arg1 residue 695:701 the cell wall residue 681:701 the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction 681:733 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 4 theme glucose 612:618 arg1 glucose 612:618 glucose 612:618 glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 612:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 5 theme cell 685:688 arg1 wall 690:693 the cell wall 681:693 the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction 681:733 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 7 6 theme enzymatic 1145:1153 arg1 hydrolysis 1155:1164 enzymatic hydrolysis 1145:1164 enzymatic hydrolysis 1145:1164 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 5 7 from roles 759:763 arg1 recalcitrance 800:812 the recalcitrance 796:812 the recalcitrance of Sida biomass 796:828 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 0 8 from Insights 0:7 arg1 recalcitrance 77:89 recalcitrance 77:89 recalcitrance 77:89 Insights into cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita and its influence on recalcitrance. 28457468 6 9 theme side 882:885 arg1 substitutions 887:899 side substitutions 882:899 side substitutions 882:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 1 10 dep hermaphrodita 117:129 arg1 Sida 132:135 Sida 132:135 Sida 132:135 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) is attracting attention as potential energy crop. 28457468 3 11 theme Sida 346:349 arg1 stems 351:355 Sida stems 346:355 Sida stems 346:355 Cell walls were prepared from Sida stems and sequentially extracted with aqueous buffers and alkali. 28457468 4 12 theme present 482:488 arg1 polysaccharides 466:480 the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides 435:480 the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction 435:505 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 4 13 from fraction 498:505 arg1 present 482:488 present 482:488 present 482:488 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 4 14 theme polysaccharides 466:480 arg1 structures 421:430 The structures 417:430 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction 417:505 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 7 15 theme cell 1118:1121 arg1 recalcitrance 1128:1140 Sida cell wall recalcitrance 1113:1140 Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis 1113:1164 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 5 16 theme Accellerase-1500® 632:648 arg1 treatment 650:658 Accellerase-1500® treatment 632:658 Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 632:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 2 17 theme polysaccharide 251:264 arg1 composition 266:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 0 18 theme Sida 37:40 arg1 hermaphrodita 42:54 Sida hermaphrodita 37:54 Sida hermaphrodita 37:54 Insights into cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita and its influence on recalcitrance. 28457468 7 19 theme wall 1123:1126 arg1 recalcitrance 1128:1140 Sida cell wall recalcitrance 1113:1140 Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis 1113:1164 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 2 20 theme wall 246:249 arg1 composition 266:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 2 21 from view 213:216 arg1 composition 266:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 2 21 from view 213:216 arg1 architecture 293:304 architecture 293:304 architecture 293:304 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 2 21 from view 213:216 arg1 structure 279:287 structure 279:287 structure 279:287 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 6 22 theme Sida 964:967 arg1 walls 979:983 Sida stem cell walls 964:983 Sida stem cell walls 964:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 5 23 theme Sida 817:820 arg1 biomass 822:828 Sida biomass 817:828 Sida biomass 817:828 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 6 24 theme walls 979:983 arg1 glucuronoxylan 842:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan 831:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions 831:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 6 24 theme walls 979:983 arg1 component 951:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component 919:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls 919:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 4 25 from present 482:488 arg1 fraction 498:505 each fraction 493:505 each fraction 493:505 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 1 26 theme potential 165:173 arg1 crop 182:185 potential energy crop 165:185 potential energy crop 165:185 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) is attracting attention as potential energy crop. 28457468 5 27 theme biomass 822:828 arg1 recalcitrance 800:812 the recalcitrance 796:812 the recalcitrance of Sida biomass 796:828 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 28 theme cell 667:670 arg1 wall 672:675 the cell wall 663:675 the cell wall 663:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 1 29 theme energy 175:180 arg1 crop 182:185 potential energy crop 165:185 potential energy crop 165:185 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) is attracting attention as potential energy crop. 28457468 0 30 theme wall 19:22 arg1 structure 24:32 cell wall structure 14:32 cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita 14:54 Insights into cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita and its influence on recalcitrance. 28457468 6 31 theme 4-O-Methyl 831:840 arg1 glucuronoxylan 842:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan 831:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions 831:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 6 31 theme 4-O-Methyl 831:840 arg1 component 951:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component 919:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls 919:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 0 32 theme cell 14:17 arg1 structure 24:32 cell wall structure 14:32 cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita 14:54 Insights into cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita and its influence on recalcitrance. 28457468 6 33 theme substitutions 887:899 arg1 proportion 868:877 a low proportion 862:877 a low proportion of side substitutions 862:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 1 34 theme perennial 96:104 arg1 hermaphrodita 117:129 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita 92:129 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) 92:136 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) is attracting attention as potential energy crop. 28457468 6 35 with glucuronoxylan 842:855 arg1 proportion 868:877 a low proportion 862:877 a low proportion of side substitutions 862:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 5 36 used used 740:743 arg2 glucose 612:618 glucose 612:618 glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 612:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 36 used used 740:743 arg2 residue 695:701 the cell wall residue 681:701 the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction 681:733 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 36 used used 740:743 arg2 amounts 601:607 The amounts 597:607 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 597:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 4 37 theme mass 578:581 arg1 spectrometry 583:594 mass spectrometry 578:594 mass spectrometry 578:594 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 0 38 from influence 64:72 arg1 recalcitrance 77:89 recalcitrance 77:89 recalcitrance 77:89 Insights into cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita and its influence on recalcitrance. 28457468 7 39 contain have 1099:1102 arg2 roles 1104:1108 roles 1104:1108 roles 1104:1108 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 7 39 contain have 1099:1102 arg1 polysaccharides 1083:1097 these polysaccharides 1077:1097 these polysaccharides 1077:1097 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 6 40 theme cell 974:977 arg1 walls 979:983 Sida stem cell walls 964:983 Sida stem cell walls 964:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 4 41 theme predominant 454:464 arg1 polysaccharides 466:480 the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides 435:480 the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction 435:505 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 2 42 theme detailed 204:211 arg1 view 213:216 the first detailed view 194:216 the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture 194:304 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 0 43 theme hermaphrodita 42:54 arg1 structure 24:32 cell wall structure 14:32 cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita 14:54 Insights into cell wall structure of Sida hermaphrodita and its influence on recalcitrance. 28457468 4 44 theme biochemical 526:536 arg1 characterization 538:553 biochemical characterization 526:553 biochemical characterization 526:553 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 5 45 theme wall 690:693 arg1 residue 695:701 the cell wall residue 681:701 the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction 681:733 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 5 45 theme wall 690:693 arg1 glucose 612:618 glucose 612:618 glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall 612:675 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 2 46 theme first 198:202 arg1 view 213:216 the first detailed view 194:216 the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture 194:304 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 1 47 theme plant 106:110 arg1 hermaphrodita 117:129 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita 92:129 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) 92:136 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) is attracting attention as potential energy crop. 28457468 3 48 theme aqueous 389:395 arg1 buffers 397:403 aqueous buffers 389:403 aqueous buffers 389:403 Cell walls were prepared from Sida stems and sequentially extracted with aqueous buffers and alkali. 28457468 4 49 theme glycome 556:562 arg1 profiling 564:572 glycome profiling 556:572 glycome profiling 556:572 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 6 50 theme low 864:866 arg1 proportion 868:877 a low proportion 862:877 a low proportion of side substitutions 862:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 1 51 theme Sida 112:115 arg1 hermaphrodita 117:129 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita 92:129 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) 92:136 The perennial plant Sida hermaphrodita (Sida) is attracting attention as potential energy crop. 28457468 2 52 theme cell 241:244 arg1 composition 266:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 2 53 theme Sida 236:239 arg1 composition 266:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 7 54 theme Sida 1113:1116 arg1 recalcitrance 1128:1140 Sida cell wall recalcitrance 1113:1140 Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis 1113:1164 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 3 55 theme Cell 316:319 arg1 walls 321:325 Cell walls 316:325 Cell walls 316:325 Cell walls were prepared from Sida stems and sequentially extracted with aqueous buffers and alkali. 28457468 2 56 theme non-cellulosic 221:234 arg1 composition 266:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition 221:276 Here, the first detailed view on non-cellulosic Sida cell wall polysaccharide composition, structure and architecture is given. 28457468 7 57 theme Pectic 986:991 arg1 polysaccharides 993:1007 Pectic polysaccharides 986:1007 Pectic polysaccharides 986:1007 Pectic polysaccharides and xylans were found to be associated with lignin, suggesting that these polysaccharides have roles in Sida cell wall recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis. 28457468 6 58 theme major 923:927 arg1 glucuronoxylan 842:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan 831:855 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions 831:899 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 6 58 theme major 923:927 arg1 component 951:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component 919:959 the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls 919:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28457468 5 59 theme pectin 768:773 arg1 roles 759:763 the roles 755:763 the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass 755:828 The amounts of glucose released by Accellerase-1500® treatment of the cell wall and the cell wall residue remaining after each extraction were used to assess the roles of pectin and hemicellulose in the recalcitrance of Sida biomass. 28457468 4 60 attach present 482:488 arg2 polysaccharides 466:480 the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides 435:480 the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction 435:505 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 4 60 attach present 482:488 arg1 fraction 498:505 each fraction 493:505 each fraction 493:505 The structures of the quantitatively predominant polysaccharides present in each fraction were determined by biochemical characterization, glycome profiling and mass spectrometry. 28457468 6 61 theme stem 969:972 arg1 walls 979:983 Sida stem cell walls 964:983 Sida stem cell walls 964:983 4-O-Methyl glucuronoxylan with a low proportion of side substitutions was identified as the major non-cellulosic glycan component of Sida stem cell walls. 28091546 0 0 theme human 97:101 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 128:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 1 from system 1049:1054 arg1 endo-galactanase 1022:1037 the endo-galactanase 1018:1037 the endo-galactanase from this system 1018:1054 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 1 from system 1049:1054 arg1 Characterization 998:1013 Characterization 998:1013 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system 998:1054 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 2 theme longer 1087:1092 arg1 substrates 1098:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 1 3 theme prebiotic 180:188 arg1 Galactooligosaccharides 146:168 Galactooligosaccharides 146:168 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) 146:174 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 1 3 theme prebiotic 180:188 arg1 carbohydrates 190:202 prebiotic carbohydrates 180:202 prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants 180:330 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 5 4 theme B. 927:928 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 930:945 B. thetaiotaomicron 927:945 B. thetaiotaomicron 927:945 We show that several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans are activated in B. thetaiotaomicron by GOS, as well as the galactan utilization sytem. 28091546 2 5 theme specific 387:394 arg1 strains 406:412 specific bacterial strains 387:412 specific bacterial strains 387:412 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 6 6 theme endo-galactanase 1022:1037 arg1 Characterization 998:1013 Characterization 998:1013 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system 998:1054 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 0 7 theme symbiont 107:114 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 128:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 8 from activity 1067:1074 arg1 substrates 1098:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 5 9 theme utilization 979:989 arg1 sytem 991:995 the galactan utilization sytem 966:995 the galactan utilization sytem 966:995 We show that several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans are activated in B. thetaiotaomicron by GOS, as well as the galactan utilization sytem. 28091546 5 10 theme galactan 970:977 arg1 sytem 991:995 the galactan utilization sytem 966:995 the galactan utilization sytem 966:995 We show that several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans are activated in B. thetaiotaomicron by GOS, as well as the galactan utilization sytem. 28091546 0 11 theme gut 103:105 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 128:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 3 12 theme underlying 577:586 arg1 mechanisms 598:607 the underlying molecular mechanisms 573:607 the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs 573:629 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 3 12 theme underlying 577:586 arg1 unknown 646:652 unknown 646:652 unknown 646:652 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 2 13 theme bacterial 396:404 arg1 strains 406:412 specific bacterial strains 387:412 specific bacterial strains 387:412 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 7 14 theme mucin-glycan 1285:1296 arg1 pathways 1298:1305 mucin-glycan pathways 1285:1305 mucin-glycan pathways 1285:1305 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 6 15 theme GOS 1127:1129 arg1 compounds 1131:1139 GOS compounds 1127:1139 GOS compounds 1127:1139 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 5 16 theme several 863:869 arg1 pathways 871:878 several pathways 863:878 several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans 863:908 We show that several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans are activated in B. thetaiotaomicron by GOS, as well as the galactan utilization sytem. 28091546 6 17 theme B. 1211:1212 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 1214:1229 B. thetaiotaomicron 1211:1229 B. thetaiotaomicron 1211:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 4 18 theme GOS 686:688 arg1 utilization 690:700 GOS utilization 686:700 GOS utilization 686:700 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 0 19 theme Bacteroides 116:126 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 128:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 93:143 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 5 20 theme O-mucin 894:900 arg1 glycans 902:908 targeting O-mucin glycans 884:908 targeting O-mucin glycans 884:908 We show that several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans are activated in B. thetaiotaomicron by GOS, as well as the galactan utilization sytem. 28091546 7 21 theme pathways 1298:1305 arg1 inducer 1274:1280 an inducer 1271:1280 an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways 1271:1305 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 7 21 theme pathways 1298:1305 arg1 GOS 1254:1256 GOS 1254:1256 GOS 1254:1256 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 6 22 theme metabolism 1197:1206 arg1 subset 1117:1122 a subset 1115:1122 a subset of GOS compounds 1115:1139 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 22 theme metabolism 1197:1206 arg1 activators 1170:1179 potential activators 1160:1179 potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron 1160:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 23 from thetaiotaomicron 1214:1229 arg1 subset 1117:1122 a subset 1115:1122 a subset of GOS compounds 1115:1139 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 23 from thetaiotaomicron 1214:1229 arg1 activators 1170:1179 potential activators 1160:1179 potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron 1160:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 0 24 theme Prebiotic 0:8 arg1 galactooligosaccharides 10:32 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides 0:32 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides 0:32 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 8 25 theme infant 1496:1501 arg1 formula 1503:1509 infant formula 1496:1509 infant formula 1496:1509 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures may serve to explain the beneficial effects that are seen for GOS supplemented infant formula. 28091546 2 26 theme milk 349:352 arg1 HMOs 372:375 HMOs 372:375 HMOs 372:375 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 2 26 theme milk 349:352 arg1 oligosaccharides 354:369 human milk oligosaccharides 343:369 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 343:376 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 4 27 from effects 675:681 arg1 symbiont 721:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 4 27 from effects 675:681 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 743:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 3 28 theme same 475:478 arg1 effects 480:486 These same effects 469:486 These same effects 469:486 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 0 29 theme mucin 43:47 arg1 pathways 81:88 mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways 43:88 pathways 81:88 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 1 30 theme breast-fed 313:322 arg1 infants 324:330 breast-fed infants 313:330 breast-fed infants 313:330 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 2 31 theme human 343:347 arg1 HMOs 372:375 HMOs 372:375 HMOs 372:375 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 2 31 theme human 343:347 arg1 oligosaccharides 354:369 human milk oligosaccharides 343:369 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 343:376 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 6 32 theme GOS 1094:1096 arg1 substrates 1098:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 33 theme glycan 1190:1195 arg1 metabolism 1197:1206 mucin glycan metabolism 1184:1206 mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron 1184:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 4 34 theme gut 717:719 arg1 symbiont 721:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 4 34 theme gut 717:719 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 743:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 6 35 from metabolism 1197:1206 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 1214:1229 B. thetaiotaomicron 1211:1229 B. thetaiotaomicron 1211:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 1 36 theme gut 231:233 arg1 composition 245:255 the gut bacterial composition 227:255 the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants 227:330 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 0 37 theme pectic 53:58 arg1 pathways 81:88 mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways 43:88 pathways 81:88 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 7 38 theme nutrient 1325:1332 arg1 source 1334:1339 a nutrient source 1323:1339 a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1323:1373 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 6 39 from Characterization 998:1013 arg1 system 1049:1054 this system 1044:1054 this system 1044:1054 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 1 40 theme bacterial 235:243 arg1 composition 245:255 the gut bacterial composition 227:255 the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants 227:330 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 4 41 theme utilization 690:700 arg1 effects 675:681 the effects 671:681 the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 671:847 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 2 42 theme infant 451:456 arg1 intestine 458:466 the infant intestine 447:466 the infant intestine 447:466 Consuming human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides specific bacterial strains with an advantage for colonizing the infant intestine. 28091546 5 43 theme targeting 884:892 arg1 glycans 902:908 targeting O-mucin glycans 884:908 targeting O-mucin glycans 884:908 We show that several pathways for targeting O-mucin glycans are activated in B. thetaiotaomicron by GOS, as well as the galactan utilization sytem. 28091546 8 44 theme mixtures 1408:1415 arg1 features 1392:1399 These metabolic features 1376:1399 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures 1376:1415 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures may serve to explain the beneficial effects that are seen for GOS supplemented infant formula. 28091546 7 45 from source 1334:1339 arg1 form 1348:1351 the form 1344:1351 the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1344:1373 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 0 46 theme utilization 69:79 arg1 pathways 81:88 mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways 43:88 pathways 81:88 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 8 47 theme metabolic 1382:1390 arg1 features 1392:1399 These metabolic features 1376:1399 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures 1376:1415 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures may serve to explain the beneficial effects that are seen for GOS supplemented infant formula. 28091546 4 48 theme Bacteroides 731:741 arg1 symbiont 721:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 4 48 theme Bacteroides 731:741 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 743:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 0 49 theme galactan 60:67 arg1 pathways 81:88 mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways 43:88 pathways 81:88 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides activate mucin and pectic galactan utilization pathways in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 7 50 theme β- 1356:1357 arg1 -galactan 1365:1373 β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1356:1373 β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1356:1373 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 6 51 theme mucin 1184:1188 arg1 metabolism 1197:1206 mucin glycan metabolism 1184:1206 mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron 1184:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 52 from activators 1170:1179 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 1214:1229 B. thetaiotaomicron 1211:1229 B. thetaiotaomicron 1211:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 53 theme potential 1160:1168 arg1 subset 1117:1122 a subset 1115:1122 a subset of GOS compounds 1115:1139 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 53 theme potential 1160:1168 arg1 activators 1170:1179 potential activators 1160:1179 potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron 1160:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 7 54 theme -galactan 1365:1373 arg1 form 1348:1351 the form 1344:1351 the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1344:1373 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 4 55 theme mucin 813:817 arg1 pathways 840:847 mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 813:847 mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 813:847 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 3 56 theme GOS 514:516 arg1 consumption 518:528 GOS consumption 514:528 GOS consumption 514:528 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 3 57 theme molecular 588:596 arg1 mechanisms 598:607 the underlying molecular mechanisms 573:607 the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs 573:629 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 3 57 theme molecular 588:596 arg1 unknown 646:652 unknown 646:652 unknown 646:652 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 8 58 theme beneficial 1442:1451 arg1 effects 1453:1459 the beneficial effects 1438:1459 the beneficial effects that are seen for GOS supplemented infant formula 1438:1509 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures may serve to explain the beneficial effects that are seen for GOS supplemented infant formula. 28091546 1 59 from changes 216:222 arg1 composition 245:255 the gut bacterial composition 227:255 the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants 227:330 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 6 60 theme compounds 1131:1139 arg1 activators 1170:1179 potential activators 1160:1179 potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron 1160:1229 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 6 60 theme compounds 1131:1139 arg1 subset 1117:1122 a subset 1115:1122 a subset of GOS compounds 1115:1139 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 28091546 1 61 theme formula-fed 260:270 arg1 infants 272:278 formula-fed infants 260:278 formula-fed infants 260:278 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 8 62 theme GOS 1404:1406 arg1 mixtures 1408:1415 GOS mixtures 1404:1415 GOS mixtures 1404:1415 These metabolic features of GOS mixtures may serve to explain the beneficial effects that are seen for GOS supplemented infant formula. 28091546 4 63 theme degradation 828:838 arg1 pathways 840:847 mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 813:847 mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 813:847 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 4 64 theme prominent 707:715 arg1 symbiont 721:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 a prominent gut symbiont 705:728 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 4 64 theme prominent 707:715 arg1 thetaiotaomicron 743:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 731:758 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 7 65 theme 1 → 4 1359:1363 arg1 -galactan 1365:1373 β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1356:1373 β-(1 → 4)-galactan 1356:1373 Our results show that GOS functions as an inducer of mucin-glycan pathways while providing a nutrient source in the form of β-(1 → 4)-galactan. 28091546 1 66 theme infants 272:278 arg1 composition 245:255 the gut bacterial composition 227:255 the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants 227:330 Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are prebiotic carbohydrates that impart changes in the gut bacterial composition of formula-fed infants to more closely resemble that of breast-fed infants. 28091546 4 67 theme O-glycan 819:826 arg1 pathways 840:847 mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 813:847 mucin O-glycan degradation pathways 813:847 Here we studied the effects of GOS utilization on a prominent gut symbiont, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which has been previously shown to consume HMOs via mucin O-glycan degradation pathways. 28091546 3 68 theme complex 552:558 arg1 mixtures 560:567 very complex mixtures 547:567 very complex mixtures 547:567 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 3 68 theme complex 552:558 arg1 GOS 539:541 GOS 539:541 GOS 539:541 These same effects are seen in infants after GOS consumption, however GOS are very complex mixtures and the underlying molecular mechanisms of how GOS mimic HMOs are relatively unknown. 28091546 6 69 theme various 1079:1085 arg1 substrates 1098:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 various longer GOS substrates 1079:1107 Characterization of the endo-galactanase from this system identified activity on various longer GOS substrates while a subset of GOS compounds were identified as potential activators of mucin glycan metabolism in B. thetaiotaomicron. 29150937 6 0 theme bNAb 1141:1144 arg1 column 1155:1160 a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography 1134:1194 column 1155:1160 The trimers were then purified by chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. 29150937 3 1 theme I 700:700 arg1 trials 733:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 2 2 theme trimers 350:356 arg1 generation 324:333 a new generation 318:333 a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 318:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 7 3 theme required 1296:1303 arg1 extent 1305:1310 the required extent 1292:1310 the required extent of >12 log10 1292:1323 The chosen procedures allowed any adventitious viruses to be cleared from the final product to the required extent of >12 log10 . 29150937 1 4 gly glycoprotein 195:206 arg1 glycoprotein 195:206 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 170:206 BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 164:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 3 5 theme successful 535:544 arg1 translation 546:556 The successful translation 531:556 The successful translation of this prototype 531:574 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 1 6 theme SOSIP.664 170:178 arg1 glycoprotein 195:206 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 170:206 BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 164:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 4 7 theme substantial 889:899 arg1 challenge 901:909 a substantial challenge 887:909 a substantial challenge to cGMP production 887:928 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 1 8 theme envelope 186:193 arg1 glycoprotein 195:206 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 170:206 BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 164:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 9 9 from 50°C 1696:1699 arg1 stable 1607:1612 stable 1607:1612 stable 1607:1612 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 9 9 from 50°C 1696:1699 arg1 trimers 1518:1524 The purified trimers 1505:1524 The purified trimers 1505:1524 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 9 9 from 50°C 1696:1699 arg1 native-like 1537:1547 native-like 1537:1547 native-like 1537:1547 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 0 10 theme vaccine 115:121 arg1 candidate 123:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 0 10 theme vaccine 115:121 arg1 production 5:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 3 11 theme prototype 566:574 arg1 translation 546:556 The successful translation 531:556 The successful translation of this prototype 531:574 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 8 12 gly glycoprotein 1491:1502 arg1 glycoprotein 1491:1502 such a complex glycoprotein 1476:1502 such a complex glycoprotein 1476:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 13 theme final 1331:1335 arg1 run 1353:1355 The final cGMP production run 1327:1355 The final cGMP production run 1327:1355 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 3 14 theme similar 618:624 arg1 immunogens 626:635 similar immunogens 618:635 similar immunogens 618:635 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 8 15 theme production 1342:1351 arg1 run 1353:1355 The final cGMP production run 1327:1355 The final cGMP production run 1327:1355 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 11 16 theme various 1959:1965 arg1 designs 1967:1973 various designs 1959:1973 various designs 1959:1973 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 8 17 theme complex 1483:1489 arg1 glycoprotein 1491:1502 such a complex glycoprotein 1476:1502 such a complex glycoprotein 1476:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 4 18 theme SOSIP.664 747:755 arg1 trimers 757:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 3 19 theme appropriate 643:653 arg1 scale 655:659 an appropriate scale 640:659 an appropriate scale 640:659 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 5 20 theme CHO 971:973 arg1 line 980:983 a stable CHO cell line 962:983 a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins 962:1067 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 5 21 theme serum-free 1005:1014 arg1 conditions 1024:1033 serum-free culture conditions 1005:1033 serum-free culture conditions 1005:1033 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 11 22 gly glycoprotein 1935:1946 arg1 glycoprotein 1935:1946 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 0 23 theme glycosylated 64:75 arg1 glycoprotein 102:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 49:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 10 24 with consistent 1775:1784 arg1 trimers 1791:1797 trimers 1791:1797 trimers produced on a research laboratory scale 1791:1837 Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. 29150937 10 25 theme disulfide 1722:1730 arg1 patterns 1737:1744 disulfide bond patterns 1722:1744 disulfide bond patterns 1722:1744 Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. 29150937 9 26 theme electron 1577:1584 arg1 microscopy 1586:1595 negative-stain electron microscopy 1562:1595 negative-stain electron microscopy 1562:1595 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 8 27 theme purified 1397:1404 arg1 trimers 1406:1412 fully purified trimers 1391:1412 fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) 1391:1429 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 27 theme purified 1397:1404 arg1 Substance 1420:1428 Drug Substance 1415:1428 Drug Substance 1415:1428 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 2 28 theme structure-guided 386:401 arg1 programs 425:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs 381:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 381:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 0 29 theme envelope 93:100 arg1 glycoprotein 102:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 49:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 5 30 theme culture 1016:1022 arg1 conditions 1024:1033 serum-free culture conditions 1005:1033 serum-free culture conditions 1005:1033 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 11 31 theme cGMP 1894:1897 arg1 production 1899:1908 the cGMP production 1890:1908 the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1890:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 0 32 theme cGMP 0:3 arg1 production 5:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 0 32 theme cGMP 0:3 arg1 candidate 123:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 0 33 dep glycosylated 64:75 arg1 trimeric 78:85 trimeric 78:85 trimeric 78:85 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 6 34 theme chromatographic 1104:1118 arg1 methods 1120:1126 chromatographic methods 1104:1126 chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography 1104:1194 The trimers were then purified by chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. 29150937 11 35 theme glycoprotein 1935:1946 arg1 trimers 1948:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 7 36 theme adventitious 1231:1242 arg1 viruses 1244:1250 any adventitious viruses 1227:1250 any adventitious viruses 1227:1250 The chosen procedures allowed any adventitious viruses to be cleared from the final product to the required extent of >12 log10 . 29150937 0 37 gly glycoprotein 102:113 arg1 glycoprotein 102:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 49:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 11 38 theme native-like 1919:1929 arg1 trimers 1948:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 2 39 theme development 413:423 arg1 programs 425:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs 381:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 381:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 9 40 theme multi-month 1621:1631 arg1 period 1633:1638 a multi-month period 1619:1638 a multi-month period at room temperature or below 1619:1667 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 2 41 theme broadly 466:472 arg1 bNAbs 499:503 bNAbs 499:503 bNAbs 499:503 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 2 41 theme broadly 466:472 arg1 antibodies 487:496 broadly neutralizing antibodies 466:496 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 466:513 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 8 42 theme 200 L 1438:1442 arg1 yield 1466:1470 a notable yield 1456:1470 a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein 1456:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 42 theme 200 L 1438:1442 arg1 bioreactor 1444:1453 a 200 L bioreactor 1436:1453 a 200 L bioreactor 1436:1453 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 2 43 theme native-like 338:348 arg1 basis 371:375 the basis 367:375 the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 367:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 2 43 theme native-like 338:348 arg1 trimers 350:356 native-like trimers 338:356 native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 338:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 7 44 theme chosen 1201:1206 arg1 procedures 1208:1217 The chosen procedures 1197:1217 The chosen procedures 1197:1217 The chosen procedures allowed any adventitious viruses to be cleared from the final product to the required extent of >12 log10 . 29150937 3 45 theme Phase 694:698 arg1 trials 733:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 2 46 theme generation 324:333 arg1 proteins 292:299 These proteins 286:299 These proteins 286:299 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 2 46 theme generation 324:333 arg1 first 309:313 first 309:313 first 309:313 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 1 47 theme current 231:237 arg1 cGMP 268:271 cGMP 268:271 cGMP 268:271 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 1 47 theme current 231:237 arg1 Practice 258:265 current Good Manufacturing Practice 231:265 current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 231:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 11 48 theme Env 1931:1933 arg1 trimers 1948:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 8 49 theme notable 1458:1464 arg1 yield 1466:1470 a notable yield 1456:1470 a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein 1456:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 49 theme notable 1458:1464 arg1 bioreactor 1444:1453 a 200 L bioreactor 1436:1453 a 200 L bioreactor 1436:1453 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 1 50 theme Manufacturing 244:256 arg1 cGMP 268:271 cGMP 268:271 cGMP 268:271 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 1 50 theme Manufacturing 244:256 arg1 Practice 258:265 current Good Manufacturing Practice 231:265 current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 231:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 5 51 theme envelope 1046:1053 arg1 glycoproteins 1055:1067 envelope glycoproteins 1046:1067 envelope glycoproteins 1046:1067 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 6 52 theme affinity 1146:1153 arg1 column 1155:1160 a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography 1134:1194 column 1155:1160 The trimers were then purified by chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. 29150937 3 53 theme clinical 724:731 arg1 trials 733:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 10 54 theme bond 1732:1735 arg1 patterns 1737:1744 disulfide bond patterns 1722:1744 disulfide bond patterns 1722:1744 Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. 29150937 6 55 theme 2G12 1136:1139 arg1 column 1155:1160 a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography 1134:1194 column 1155:1160 The trimers were then purified by chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. 29150937 3 56 theme experimental 702:713 arg1 trials 733:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 4 57 theme cGMP 914:917 arg1 production 919:928 cGMP production 914:928 cGMP production 914:928 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 10 58 theme glycan 1751:1756 arg1 composition 1758:1768 glycan composition 1751:1768 glycan composition 1751:1768 Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. 29150937 1 59 theme HIV-1 180:184 arg1 glycoprotein 195:206 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 170:206 BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 164:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 1 60 theme glycoprotein 195:206 arg1 trimers 208:214 BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers 164:214 BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 164:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 10 61 theme laboratory 1822:1831 arg1 scale 1833:1837 a research laboratory scale 1811:1837 a research laboratory scale 1811:1837 Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. 29150937 8 62 from bioreactor 1444:1453 arg1 3.52 g 1365:1370 3.52 g 1365:1370 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein 1365:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 62 from bioreactor 1444:1453 arg1 mass 1382:1385 peptidic mass 1373:1385 peptidic mass 1373:1385 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 9 63 theme purified 1509:1516 arg1 stable 1607:1612 stable 1607:1612 stable 1607:1612 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 9 63 theme purified 1509:1516 arg1 trimers 1518:1524 The purified trimers 1505:1524 The purified trimers 1505:1524 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 9 63 theme purified 1509:1516 arg1 native-like 1537:1547 native-like 1537:1547 native-like 1537:1547 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 8 64 theme cGMP 1337:1340 arg1 run 1353:1355 The final cGMP production run 1327:1355 The final cGMP production run 1327:1355 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 4 65 contain contain 795:801 arg2 bonds 822:826 numerous disulfide bonds 803:826 numerous disulfide bonds 803:826 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 4 65 contain contain 795:801 arg1 trimers 757:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 5 66 theme stable 964:969 arg1 line 980:983 a stable CHO cell line 962:983 a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins 962:1067 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 4 67 theme BG505 741:745 arg1 trimers 757:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 6 68 theme size-exclusion 1166:1179 arg1 chromatography 1181:1194 a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography 1134:1194 chromatography 1181:1194 The trimers were then purified by chromatographic methods using a 2G12 bNAb affinity column and size-exclusion chromatography. 29150937 11 69 theme genotypes 1979:1987 arg1 trimers 1948:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 7 70 theme final 1275:1279 arg1 product 1281:1287 the final product 1271:1287 the final product 1271:1287 The chosen procedures allowed any adventitious viruses to be cleared from the final product to the required extent of >12 log10 . 29150937 8 71 theme peptidic 1373:1380 arg1 3.52 g 1365:1370 3.52 g 1365:1370 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein 1365:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 71 theme peptidic 1373:1380 arg1 mass 1382:1385 peptidic mass 1373:1385 peptidic mass 1373:1385 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 0 72 theme HIV-1 87:91 arg1 glycoprotein 102:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 49:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 9 73 theme negative-stain 1562:1575 arg1 microscopy 1586:1595 negative-stain electron microscopy 1562:1595 negative-stain electron microscopy 1562:1595 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 0 74 theme glycoprotein 102:113 arg1 candidate 123:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 0 74 theme glycoprotein 102:113 arg1 production 5:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 1 75 theme trimers 208:214 arg1 properties 150:159 the properties 146:159 the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 146:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 0 76 gly glycosylated 64:75 arg1 glycoprotein 102:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 49:113 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 9 77 from below 1663:1667 arg1 period 1633:1638 a multi-month period 1619:1638 a multi-month period at room temperature or below 1619:1667 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 4 78 theme numerous 803:810 arg1 bonds 822:826 numerous disulfide bonds 803:826 numerous disulfide bonds 803:826 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 2 79 theme many 381:384 arg1 programs 425:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs 381:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 381:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 5 80 theme cell 975:978 arg1 line 980:983 a stable CHO cell line 962:983 a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins 962:1067 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 9 81 from temperature 1648:1658 arg1 period 1633:1638 a multi-month period 1619:1638 a multi-month period at room temperature or below 1619:1667 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 5 82 gly glycoproteins 1055:1067 arg1 glycoproteins 1055:1067 envelope glycoproteins 1046:1067 envelope glycoproteins 1046:1067 Our strategy involved creating a stable CHO cell line that was adapted to serum-free culture conditions to produce envelope glycoproteins. 29150937 8 83 theme trimers 1406:1412 arg1 3.52 g 1365:1370 3.52 g 1365:1370 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein 1365:1502 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 83 theme trimers 1406:1412 arg1 mass 1382:1385 peptidic mass 1373:1385 peptidic mass 1373:1385 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 4 84 theme proteolytic 840:850 arg1 cleavage 852:859 proteolytic cleavage 840:859 proteolytic cleavage 840:859 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 11 85 theme designs 1967:1973 arg1 trimers 1948:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 4 86 theme disulfide 812:820 arg1 bonds 822:826 numerous disulfide bonds 803:826 numerous disulfide bonds 803:826 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 8 87 theme Drug 1415:1418 arg1 trimers 1406:1412 fully purified trimers 1391:1412 fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) 1391:1429 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 8 87 theme Drug 1415:1418 arg1 Substance 1420:1428 Drug Substance 1415:1428 Drug Substance 1415:1428 The final cGMP production run yielded 3.52 g (peptidic mass) of fully purified trimers (Drug Substance) from a 200 L bioreactor, a notable yield for such a complex glycoprotein. 29150937 11 88 theme trimers 1948:1954 arg1 production 1899:1908 the cGMP production 1890:1908 the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1890:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 0 89 theme BG505 32:36 arg1 analysis 20:27 analysis 20:27 analysis 20:27 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 0 89 theme BG505 32:36 arg1 production 5:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production 0:14 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 0 89 theme BG505 32:36 arg1 candidate 123:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate 49:131 cGMP production and analysis of BG505 SOSIP.664, an extensively glycosylated, trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate. 29150937 2 90 theme neutralizing 474:485 arg1 bNAbs 499:503 bNAbs 499:503 bNAbs 499:503 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 2 90 theme neutralizing 474:485 arg1 antibodies 487:496 broadly neutralizing antibodies 466:496 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 466:513 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 2 91 theme immunogen 403:411 arg1 programs 425:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs 381:432 many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 381:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 9 92 theme room 1643:1646 arg1 temperature 1648:1658 room temperature 1643:1658 room temperature 1643:1658 The purified trimers were fully native-like as judged by negative-stain electron microscopy, and were stable over a multi-month period at room temperature or below and for at least 1 week at 50°C. 29150937 10 93 theme research 1813:1820 arg1 scale 1833:1837 a research laboratory scale 1811:1837 a research laboratory scale 1811:1837 Their antigenicity, disulfide bond patterns, and glycan composition were consistent with trimers produced on a research laboratory scale. 29150937 7 94 theme log10 1319:1323 arg1 extent 1305:1310 the required extent 1292:1310 the required extent of >12 log10 1292:1323 The chosen procedures allowed any adventitious viruses to be cleared from the final product to the required extent of >12 log10 . 29150937 3 95 theme acceptable 671:680 arg1 quality 682:688 an acceptable quality 668:688 an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 668:738 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 2 96 theme new 320:322 arg1 generation 324:333 a new generation 318:333 a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination 318:528 These proteins are the first of a new generation of native-like trimers that are the basis for many structure-guided immunogen development programs aimed at devising how to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV-1 by vaccination. 29150937 1 97 theme Good 239:242 arg1 cGMP 268:271 cGMP 268:271 cGMP 268:271 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 1 97 theme Good 239:242 arg1 Practice 258:265 current Good Manufacturing Practice 231:265 current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 231:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 29150937 4 98 gly glycosylated 781:792 arg1 trimers 757:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers 741:763 BG505 SOSIP.664 trimers are extensively glycosylated, contain numerous disulfide bonds and require proteolytic cleavage, all properties that pose a substantial challenge to cGMP production. 29150937 11 99 theme other 1913:1917 arg1 trimers 1948:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers 1913:1954 other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes 1913:1987 The methods reported here should pave the way for the cGMP production of other native-like Env glycoprotein trimers of various designs and genotypes. 29150937 3 100 theme medicine 715:722 arg1 trials 733:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials 694:738 The successful translation of this prototype demonstrates the feasibility of producing similar immunogens on an appropriate scale and of an acceptable quality for Phase I experimental medicine clinical trials. 29150937 1 101 theme Practice 258:265 arg1 conditions 274:283 current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 231:283 current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions 231:283 We describe the properties of BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers produced under current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) conditions. 27176489 0 0 theme Coupled 88:94 arg1 Receptor 96:103 G-Protein Coupled Receptor 78:103 G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression 78:114 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 4 1 theme substantial 1043:1053 arg1 quantities 1055:1064 substantial quantities 1043:1064 substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1043:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 1 theme substantial 1043:1053 arg1 culture 1088:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 3 2 theme multiple 546:553 arg1 modules 567:573 multiple engineering modules 546:573 multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris 546:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 3 3 from pastoris 585:592 arg1 integration 531:541 the integration 527:541 the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris 527:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 1 4 theme heterologous 257:268 arg1 expression 270:279 heterologous expression 257:279 heterologous expression 257:279 Membrane protein research is still hampered by the generally very low levels at which these proteins are naturally expressed, necessitating heterologous expression. 27176489 0 5 theme G-Protein 78:86 arg1 Receptor 96:103 G-Protein Coupled Receptor 78:103 G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression 78:114 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 3 6 theme coupled 728:734 arg1 receptor 736:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor 702:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example 702:757 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 5 7 from expression 1220:1229 arg1 quantity 1262:1269 quantity 1262:1269 quantity 1262:1269 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 5 7 from expression 1220:1229 arg1 quality 1275:1281 quality 1275:1281 quality 1275:1281 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 3 8 theme engineering 555:565 arg1 modules 567:573 multiple engineering modules 546:573 multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris 546:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 4 9 theme low 964:966 arg1 level 979:983 a low expression level 962:983 a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 962:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 5 10 theme structural 1311:1320 arg1 studies 1322:1328 functional and structural studies 1296:1328 functional and structural studies 1296:1328 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 3 11 theme modules 567:573 arg1 integration 531:541 the integration 527:541 the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris 527:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 4 12 theme ER 809:810 arg1 capacity 820:827 enhanced ER folding capacity 800:827 enhanced ER folding capacity 800:827 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 13 theme proteolysis 787:797 arg1 combination 764:774 The combination 760:774 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization 760:903 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 0 14 theme Receptor 96:103 arg1 Expression 105:114 G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression 78:114 G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression 78:114 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 4 15 from expression 918:927 arg1 pastoris 948:955 P. pastoris 945:955 P. pastoris 945:955 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 16 theme GPCR 937:940 arg1 expression 918:927 the expression 914:927 the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris 914:955 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 3 17 from modules 567:573 arg1 pastoris 585:592 Pichia pastoris 578:592 Pichia pastoris 578:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 2 18 theme folding 303:309 arg1 problems 311:318 folding problems 303:318 folding problems 303:318 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 4 19 theme reduced 779:785 arg1 proteolysis 787:797 reduced proteolysis 779:797 reduced proteolysis 779:797 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 3 20 theme Pichia 578:583 arg1 pastoris 585:592 Pichia pastoris 578:592 Pichia pastoris 578:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 2 21 theme heterogeneous 428:440 arg1 products 450:457 heterogeneous protein products 428:457 heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies 428:500 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 4 22 theme glycosylated 1006:1017 arg1 product 1032:1038 a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product 988:1038 a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 988:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 23 theme stabilization 891:903 arg1 combination 764:774 The combination 760:774 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization 760:903 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 24 theme shake 1076:1080 arg1 quantities 1055:1064 substantial quantities 1043:1064 substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1043:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 24 theme shake 1076:1080 arg1 culture 1088:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 25 theme nonproteolyzed 1102:1115 arg1 proteoform 1145:1154 a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1100:1154 a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1100:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 1 26 theme low 183:185 arg1 levels 187:192 the generally very low levels 164:192 the generally very low levels at which these proteins are naturally expressed, necessitating heterologous expression 164:279 Membrane protein research is still hampered by the generally very low levels at which these proteins are naturally expressed, necessitating heterologous expression. 27176489 4 27 theme flask 1082:1086 arg1 quantities 1055:1064 substantial quantities 1043:1064 substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1043:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 27 theme flask 1082:1086 arg1 culture 1088:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 0 28 from Engineering 36:46 arg1 pastoris 58:65 Pichia pastoris 51:65 Pichia pastoris 51:65 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 2 29 theme post-translational 335:352 arg1 modifications 354:366 undesired post-translational modifications 325:366 undesired post-translational modifications 325:366 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 2 30 theme structural 483:492 arg1 studies 494:500 structural studies 483:500 structural studies 483:500 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 3 31 from integration 531:541 arg1 pastoris 585:592 Pichia pastoris 578:592 Pichia pastoris 578:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 2 32 theme undesired 325:333 arg1 modifications 354:366 undesired post-translational modifications 325:366 undesired post-translational modifications 325:366 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 5 33 theme tools 1184:1188 arg1 tools 1184:1188 tools 1184:1188 tools 1184:1188 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 5 33 theme tools 1184:1188 arg1 set 1177:1179 this set 1172:1179 this set of tools 1172:1188 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 2 34 theme expression 407:416 arg1 levels 418:423 low expression levels 403:423 low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies 403:500 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 0 35 theme System 29:34 arg1 Engineering 36:46 Secretory System Engineering 19:46 Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris 19:65 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 5 36 theme more 1234:1237 arg1 proteins 1248:1255 more membrane proteins 1234:1255 more membrane proteins 1234:1255 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 4 37 theme expression 968:977 arg1 level 979:983 a low expression level 962:983 a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 962:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 38 gly glycosylated 1006:1017 arg1 product 1032:1038 a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product 988:1038 a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 988:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 0 39 theme Secretory 19:27 arg1 Engineering 36:46 Secretory System Engineering 19:46 Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris 19:65 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 5 40 theme membrane 1239:1246 arg1 proteins 1248:1255 more membrane proteins 1234:1255 more membrane proteins 1234:1255 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 4 41 theme capacity 820:827 arg1 combination 764:774 The combination 760:774 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization 760:903 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 42 theme enhanced 800:807 arg1 capacity 820:827 enhanced ER folding capacity 800:827 enhanced ER folding capacity 800:827 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 1 43 theme Membrane 117:124 arg1 research 134:141 Membrane protein research 117:141 Membrane protein research 117:141 Membrane protein research is still hampered by the generally very low levels at which these proteins are naturally expressed, necessitating heterologous expression. 27176489 3 44 used used 601:604 arg2 integration 531:541 the integration 527:541 the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris 527:592 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 5 45 theme proteins 1248:1255 arg1 expression 1220:1229 successful expression 1209:1229 successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies 1209:1328 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 3 46 theme overexpressed 655:667 arg1 proteins 687:694 overexpressed integral membrane proteins 655:694 overexpressed integral membrane proteins 655:694 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 2 47 theme products 450:457 arg1 levels 418:423 low expression levels 403:423 low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies 403:500 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 3 48 theme membrane 678:685 arg1 proteins 687:694 overexpressed integral membrane proteins 655:694 overexpressed integral membrane proteins 655:694 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 2 49 theme protein 442:448 arg1 products 450:457 heterogeneous protein products 428:457 heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies 428:500 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 4 50 theme mg/L 1071:1074 arg1 quantities 1055:1064 substantial quantities 1043:1064 substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1043:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 50 theme mg/L 1071:1074 arg1 culture 1088:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 51 dep glycosylated 1006:1017 arg1 proteolyzed 1020:1030 proteolyzed 1020:1030 proteolyzed 1020:1030 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 3 52 theme proteins 687:694 arg1 quality 627:633 the quality 623:633 the quality 623:633 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 3 52 theme proteins 687:694 arg1 quantity 643:650 the quantity 639:650 the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins 639:694 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 4 53 theme fold 886:889 arg1 stabilization 891:903 nanobody-based fold stabilization 871:903 nanobody-based fold stabilization 871:903 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 1 54 theme protein 126:132 arg1 research 134:141 Membrane protein research 117:141 Membrane protein research 117:141 Membrane protein research is still hampered by the generally very low levels at which these proteins are naturally expressed, necessitating heterologous expression. 27176489 0 55 theme Pichia 51:56 arg1 pastoris 58:65 Pichia pastoris 51:65 Pichia pastoris 51:65 Modular Integrated Secretory System Engineering in Pichia pastoris To Enhance G-Protein Coupled Receptor Expression. 27176489 5 56 theme successful 1209:1218 arg1 expression 1220:1229 successful expression 1209:1229 successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies 1209:1328 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 3 57 theme CXCR4 712:716 arg1 receptor 736:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor 702:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example 702:757 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 4 58 theme nanobody-based 871:884 arg1 stabilization 891:903 nanobody-based fold stabilization 871:903 nanobody-based fold stabilization 871:903 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 5 59 theme suitable 1283:1290 arg1 quantity 1262:1269 quantity 1262:1269 quantity 1262:1269 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 3 60 theme G-protein 718:726 arg1 receptor 736:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor 702:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example 702:757 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 2 61 theme Protein 282:288 arg1 degradation 290:300 Protein degradation 282:300 Protein degradation 282:300 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 4 62 dep nonproteolyzed 1102:1115 arg1 glycosylated 1132:1143 glycosylated 1132:1143 glycosylated 1132:1143 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 63 theme folding 812:818 arg1 capacity 820:827 enhanced ER folding capacity 800:827 enhanced ER folding capacity 800:827 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 3 64 theme integral 669:676 arg1 proteins 687:694 overexpressed integral membrane proteins 655:694 overexpressed integral membrane proteins 655:694 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 5 65 dep quantity 1262:1269 arg1 a 1260:1260 a 1260:1260 a 1260:1260 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 27176489 4 66 theme GlycoDelete-based 830:846 arg1 trimming 857:864 GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming 830:864 GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming 830:864 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 67 theme product 1032:1038 arg1 level 979:983 a low expression level 962:983 a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 962:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 3 68 theme human 706:710 arg1 receptor 736:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor 702:743 the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example 702:757 We here demonstrate how the integration of multiple engineering modules in Pichia pastoris can be used to increase both the quality and the quantity of overexpressed integral membrane proteins, with the human CXCR4 G-protein coupled receptor as an example. 27176489 4 69 theme trimming 857:864 arg1 combination 764:774 The combination 760:774 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization 760:903 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 2 70 theme low 403:405 arg1 levels 418:423 low expression levels 403:423 low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies 403:500 Protein degradation, folding problems, and undesired post-translational modifications often occur, together resulting in low expression levels of heterogeneous protein products that are unsuitable for structural studies. 27176489 4 71 theme proteoform 1145:1154 arg1 quantities 1055:1064 substantial quantities 1043:1064 substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform 1043:1154 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 71 theme proteoform 1145:1154 arg1 culture 1088:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 2-3 mg/L shake flask culture 1067:1094 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 4 72 theme N-Glycan 848:855 arg1 trimming 857:864 GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming 830:864 GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming 830:864 The combination of reduced proteolysis, enhanced ER folding capacity, GlycoDelete-based N-Glycan trimming, and nanobody-based fold stabilization improved the expression of this GPCR in P. pastoris from a low expression level of a heterogeneously glycosylated, proteolyzed product to substantial quantities (2-3 mg/L shake flask culture) of a nonproteolyzed, homogeneously glycosylated proteoform. 27176489 5 73 theme functional 1296:1305 arg1 studies 1322:1328 functional and structural studies 1296:1328 functional and structural studies 1296:1328 We expect that this set of tools will contribute to successful expression of more membrane proteins in a quantity and quality suitable for functional and structural studies. 29220650 1 0 theme complex 160:166 arg1 glycopeptides 168:180 complex glycopeptides 160:180 complex glycopeptides 160:180 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 0 1 theme Needles 24:30 arg1 Full 16:19 Full 16:19 Full 16:19 The Haystack Is Full of Needles: Technology Rescues Sugars! 29220650 0 1 theme Needles 24:30 arg1 Haystack 4:11 The Haystack 0:11 The Haystack 0:11 The Haystack Is Full of Needles: Technology Rescues Sugars! 29220650 1 2 theme novel 115:119 arg1 algorithm 121:129 a novel algorithm 113:129 a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure 113:299 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 3 gly glycosylation 262:274 arg2 glycosylation 262:274 glycosylation 262:274 glycosylation 262:274 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 3 gly glycosylation 262:274 arg2 site 254:257 the site 250:257 the site of glycosylation 250:274 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 0 4 theme Sugars 52:57 arg1 ! 58:58 Sugars! 52:58 Sugars! 52:58 The Haystack Is Full of Needles: Technology Rescues Sugars! 29220650 1 5 gly glycopeptides 168:180 arg2 glycopeptides 168:180 complex glycopeptides 160:180 complex glycopeptides 160:180 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 6 theme glycosylation 262:274 arg1 glycosylation 262:274 glycosylation 262:274 glycosylation 262:274 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 6 theme glycosylation 262:274 arg1 site 254:257 the site 250:257 the site of glycosylation 250:274 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 6 theme glycosylation 262:274 arg1 structure 291:299 the glycan structure 280:299 the glycan structure 280:299 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 7 theme recent 64:69 arg1 paper 71:75 The recent paper 60:75 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) 60:102 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 8 theme glycan 284:289 arg1 structure 291:299 the glycan structure 280:299 the glycan structure 280:299 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 29220650 1 9 theme complex 203:209 arg1 mixtures 211:218 complex mixtures 203:218 complex mixtures 203:218 The recent paper by Stadlmann et al. (2017) provides a novel algorithm for glycoproteomics in which complex glycopeptides can be identified in complex mixtures to aid in characterizing both the site of glycosylation and the glycan structure. 28521990 0 0 theme palm 83:86 arg1 bunch 100:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 1 1 theme aqueous 334:340 arg1 solutions 342:350 aqueous solutions 334:350 aqueous solutions 334:350 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 5 2 theme FTIR 725:728 arg1 spectra 730:736 FTIR spectra 725:736 FTIR spectra 725:736 FTIR spectra confirmed that cellulose particles were incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 28521990 12 3 theme adsorption 1499:1508 arg1 performance 1510:1520 good adsorption performance 1494:1520 good adsorption performance 1494:1520 Furthermore, the adsorbent still exhibited good adsorption performance after regeneration. 28521990 1 4 theme fruit 250:254 arg1 bunch 256:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 0 5 theme oil 79:81 arg1 bunch 100:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 8 6 theme composites 1087:1096 arg1 index 1078:1082 the crystallinity index 1060:1082 the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles 1060:1143 The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles. 28521990 8 7 theme diffraction 1030:1040 arg1 patterns 1042:1049 The X-ray diffraction patterns 1020:1049 The X-ray diffraction patterns 1020:1049 The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles. 28521990 2 8 theme Cellulose 353:361 arg1 particles 363:371 Cellulose particles 353:371 Cellulose particles 353:371 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 10 9 theme contact 1326:1332 arg1 time 1334:1337 contact time 1326:1337 contact time 1326:1337 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 0 10 theme fruit 94:98 arg1 bunch 100:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 7 11 with composite 945:953 arg1 particles 976:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 11 12 theme adsorption 1363:1372 arg1 isotherm 1374:1381 The adsorption isotherm 1359:1381 The adsorption isotherm of Cd ions onto the composite 1359:1411 The adsorption isotherm of Cd ions onto the composite was well fitted to Langmuir equation. 28521990 8 13 theme X-ray 1024:1028 arg1 patterns 1042:1049 The X-ray diffraction patterns 1020:1049 The X-ray diffraction patterns 1020:1049 The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles. 28521990 4 14 theme infrared 631:638 arg1 FTIR 654:657 FTIR 654:657 FTIR 654:657 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 4 14 theme infrared 631:638 arg1 spectroscopy 640:651 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 611:651 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 611:658 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 0 15 theme empty 88:92 arg1 bunch 100:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 11 16 theme ions 1389:1392 arg1 isotherm 1374:1381 The adsorption isotherm 1359:1381 The adsorption isotherm of Cd ions onto the composite 1359:1411 The adsorption isotherm of Cd ions onto the composite was well fitted to Langmuir equation. 28521990 7 17 theme tensile 1002:1008 arg1 strength 1010:1017 the highest tensile strength 990:1017 the highest tensile strength 990:1017 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 0 18 dep bunch 100:104 arg1 removal 138:144 removal 138:144 removal from aqueous solutions 138:167 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 4 19 theme transformed 619:629 arg1 FTIR 654:657 FTIR 654:657 FTIR 654:657 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 4 19 theme transformed 619:629 arg1 spectroscopy 640:651 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 611:651 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 611:658 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 7 20 contain had 986:988 arg2 strength 1010:1017 the highest tensile strength 990:1017 the highest tensile strength 990:1017 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 7 20 contain had 986:988 arg1 composite 945:953 The composite 941:953 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles 941:984 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 8 21 theme cellulose 1125:1133 arg1 particles 1135:1143 cellulose particles 1125:1143 cellulose particles 1125:1143 The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles. 28521990 4 22 theme mechanical 689:698 arg1 measurement 712:722 mechanical performance measurement 689:722 mechanical performance measurement 689:722 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 2 23 theme palm 406:409 arg1 bunch 423:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch 402:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid 402:450 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 10 24 theme aqueous 1275:1281 arg1 solutions 1283:1291 aqueous solutions 1275:1291 aqueous solutions 1275:1291 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 0 25 from solutions 159:167 arg1 removal 138:144 removal 138:144 removal from aqueous solutions 138:167 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 8 26 theme crystallinity 1064:1076 arg1 index 1078:1082 the crystallinity index 1060:1082 the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles 1060:1143 The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles. 28521990 1 27 theme Chitosan 170:177 arg1 films 189:193 Chitosan composite films 170:193 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch 170:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 4 28 theme Fourier 611:617 arg1 FTIR 654:657 FTIR 654:657 FTIR 654:657 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 4 28 theme Fourier 611:617 arg1 spectroscopy 640:651 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy 611:651 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 611:658 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 2 29 with bunch 423:427 arg1 acid 447:450 hydrochloric acid 434:450 hydrochloric acid 434:450 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 7 30 theme highest 994:1000 arg1 strength 1010:1017 the highest tensile strength 990:1017 the highest tensile strength 990:1017 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 12 31 theme good 1494:1497 arg1 performance 1510:1520 good adsorption performance 1494:1520 good adsorption performance 1494:1520 Furthermore, the adsorbent still exhibited good adsorption performance after regeneration. 28521990 1 32 theme composite 179:187 arg1 films 189:193 Chitosan composite films 170:193 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch 170:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 4 33 theme composites 579:588 arg1 structure 547:555 The structure 543:555 The structure 543:555 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 4 33 theme composites 579:588 arg1 properties 565:574 the properties 561:574 the properties of composites 561:588 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 8 34 theme particles 1135:1143 arg1 addition 1113:1120 addition 1113:1120 addition of cellulose particles 1113:1143 The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate the crystallinity index of composites decreased with addition of cellulose particles. 28521990 6 35 theme test 825:828 arg1 results 830:836 Tensile test results 817:836 Tensile test results 817:836 Tensile test results showed that the contents of chitosan and cellulose influenced the mechanical properties of composites. 28521990 11 36 theme Cd 1386:1387 arg1 ions 1389:1392 Cd ions 1386:1392 Cd ions 1386:1392 The adsorption isotherm of Cd ions onto the composite was well fitted to Langmuir equation. 28521990 9 37 dep ions 1192:1195 arg1 removal 1197:1203 removal 1197:1203 removal 1197:1203 This low crystallinity is important for metal ions removal in water treatment. 28521990 0 38 theme composite 24:32 arg1 film 34:37 chitosan composite film 15:37 chitosan composite film 15:37 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 6 39 theme Tensile 817:823 arg1 results 830:836 Tensile test results 817:836 Tensile test results 817:836 Tensile test results showed that the contents of chitosan and cellulose influenced the mechanical properties of composites. 28521990 4 40 theme X-ray 661:665 arg1 diffraction 667:677 X-ray diffraction 661:677 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 661:683 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 4 40 theme X-ray 661:665 arg1 XRD 680:682 XRD 680:682 XRD 680:682 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 0 41 theme chitosan 15:22 arg1 film 34:37 chitosan composite film 15:37 chitosan composite film 15:37 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 3 42 theme composites 531:540 arg1 ratio 522:526 the chitosan/cellulose ratio 499:526 the chitosan/cellulose ratio of composites 499:540 Several compositions were prepared by varying the chitosan/cellulose ratio of composites. 28521990 9 43 theme metal 1186:1190 arg1 ions 1192:1195 metal ions 1186:1195 metal ions removal in water treatment 1186:1222 This low crystallinity is important for metal ions removal in water treatment. 28521990 1 44 from solutions 342:350 arg1 removal 321:327 cadmium ions removal 308:327 cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions 308:350 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 9 45 theme low 1151:1153 arg1 crystallinity 1155:1167 This low crystallinity 1146:1167 This low crystallinity 1146:1167 This low crystallinity is important for metal ions removal in water treatment. 28521990 9 46 from removal 1197:1203 arg1 treatment 1214:1222 water treatment 1208:1222 water treatment 1208:1222 This low crystallinity is important for metal ions removal in water treatment. 28521990 7 47 theme 10wt 960:963 arg1 particles 976:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 2 48 theme fruit 417:421 arg1 bunch 423:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch 402:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid 402:450 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 0 49 theme film 34:37 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of chitosan composite film 0:37 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 10 50 theme composite 1240:1248 arg1 Application 1225:1235 Application 1225:1235 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions 1225:1291 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 0 51 theme cadmium 125:131 arg1 ions 133:136 cadmium ions 125:136 cadmium ions 125:136 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 6 52 theme mechanical 904:913 arg1 properties 915:924 the mechanical properties 900:924 the mechanical properties of composites 900:938 Tensile test results showed that the contents of chitosan and cellulose influenced the mechanical properties of composites. 28521990 10 53 theme cadmium 1254:1260 arg1 removal 1262:1268 cadmium removal 1254:1268 cadmium removal from aqueous solutions 1254:1291 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 0 54 attach isolated 65:72 arg2 cellulose 55:63 cellulose 55:63 cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions 55:167 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 0 54 attach isolated 65:72 arg1 application 110:120 application 110:120 application in cadmium ions 110:136 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 0 54 attach isolated 65:72 arg1 bunch 100:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 oil palm empty fruit bunch 79:104 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 2 55 theme empty 411:415 arg1 bunch 423:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch 402:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid 402:450 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 1 56 theme cadmium 308:314 arg1 ions 316:319 cadmium ions 308:319 cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions 308:350 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 10 57 from solutions 1283:1291 arg1 removal 1262:1268 cadmium removal 1254:1268 cadmium removal from aqueous solutions 1254:1291 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 3 58 theme chitosan/cellulose 503:520 arg1 ratio 522:526 the chitosan/cellulose ratio 499:526 the chitosan/cellulose ratio of composites 499:540 Several compositions were prepared by varying the chitosan/cellulose ratio of composites. 28521990 5 59 theme cellulose 753:761 arg1 particles 763:771 cellulose particles 753:771 cellulose particles 753:771 FTIR spectra confirmed that cellulose particles were incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 28521990 1 60 theme ions 316:319 arg1 removal 321:327 cadmium ions removal 308:327 cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions 308:350 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 6 61 theme cellulose 879:887 arg1 contents 854:861 the contents 850:861 the contents of chitosan and cellulose 850:887 Tensile test results showed that the contents of chitosan and cellulose influenced the mechanical properties of composites. 28521990 9 62 theme water 1208:1212 arg1 treatment 1214:1222 water treatment 1208:1222 water treatment 1208:1222 This low crystallinity is important for metal ions removal in water treatment. 28521990 6 63 theme composites 929:938 arg1 properties 915:924 the mechanical properties 900:924 the mechanical properties of composites 900:938 Tensile test results showed that the contents of chitosan and cellulose influenced the mechanical properties of composites. 28521990 7 64 theme % 964:964 arg1 particles 976:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 0 65 from bunch 100:104 arg1 ions 133:136 cadmium ions 125:136 cadmium ions 125:136 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 10 66 theme solution 1313:1320 arg1 pH 1322:1323 various solution pH 1305:1323 various solution pH 1305:1323 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 7 67 theme cellulose 966:974 arg1 particles 976:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 10wt% cellulose particles 960:984 The composite with 10wt% cellulose particles had the highest tensile strength. 28521990 0 68 theme aqueous 151:157 arg1 solutions 159:167 aqueous solutions 151:167 aqueous solutions 151:167 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 1 69 attach isolated 221:228 arg1 bunch 256:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 1 69 attach isolated 221:228 arg2 cellulose 211:219 cellulose 211:219 cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch 211:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 11 70 theme Langmuir 1432:1439 arg1 equation 1441:1448 Langmuir equation 1432:1448 Langmuir equation 1432:1448 The adsorption isotherm of Cd ions onto the composite was well fitted to Langmuir equation. 28521990 10 71 theme various 1305:1311 arg1 pH 1322:1323 various solution pH 1305:1323 various solution pH 1305:1323 Application of composite for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions was done by various solution pH, contact time and concentrations. 28521990 1 72 theme oil 235:237 arg1 bunch 256:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 3 73 theme Several 453:459 arg1 compositions 461:472 Several compositions 453:472 Several compositions 453:472 Several compositions were prepared by varying the chitosan/cellulose ratio of composites. 28521990 6 74 theme chitosan 866:873 arg1 contents 854:861 the contents 850:861 the contents of chitosan and cellulose 850:887 Tensile test results showed that the contents of chitosan and cellulose influenced the mechanical properties of composites. 28521990 2 75 theme hydrochloric 434:445 arg1 acid 447:450 hydrochloric acid 434:450 hydrochloric acid 434:450 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 2 76 theme oil 402:404 arg1 bunch 423:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch 402:427 oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid 402:450 Cellulose particles were isolated by hydrolyzing oil palm empty fruit bunch with hydrochloric acid. 28521990 1 77 theme palm 239:242 arg1 bunch 256:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 5 78 theme chitosan 800:807 arg1 matrix 809:814 the chitosan matrix 796:814 the chitosan matrix 796:814 FTIR spectra confirmed that cellulose particles were incorporated into the chitosan matrix. 28521990 1 79 theme empty 244:248 arg1 bunch 256:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 oil palm empty fruit bunch 235:260 Chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch had been successfully prepared and applied in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28521990 4 80 theme performance 700:710 arg1 measurement 712:722 mechanical performance measurement 689:722 mechanical performance measurement 689:722 The structure and the properties of composites were investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical performance measurement. 28521990 0 81 from application 110:120 arg1 ions 133:136 cadmium ions 125:136 cadmium ions 125:136 Preparation of chitosan composite film reinforced with cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch and application in cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions. 28024540 0 0 theme açaí 77:80 arg1 walls 61:65 primary cell walls 48:65 primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm 48:140 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 5 1 theme 3,6-O-linked 825:836 arg1 chains 843:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 2 link 3-O-linked 862:871 arg1 Galp 873:876 3-O-linked Galp 862:876 a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp 777:876 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 4 3 theme 22kDa 656:660 arg1 Mw 650:651 Mw 650:651 Mw of 22kDa 650:660 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 4 3 theme 22kDa 656:660 arg1 DM 636:637 a DM 634:637 a DM of 88% 634:644 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 0 4 theme edible 70:75 arg1 fruits 111:116 fruits 111:116 fruits 111:116 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 4 theme edible 70:75 arg1 Euterpe 83:89 Euterpe 83:89 Euterpe 83:89 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 4 theme edible 70:75 arg1 açaí 77:80 edible açaí 70:80 edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) 70:100 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 8 5 theme primary 1282:1288 arg1 walls 1295:1299 primary cell walls 1282:1299 primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae) 1282:1320 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 8 6 theme wall 1384:1387 arg1 composition 1389:1399 a distinct cell wall composition 1368:1399 a distinct cell wall composition 1368:1399 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 7 7 from action 1110:1115 arg1 response 1158:1165 innate immune response 1144:1165 innate immune response 1144:1165 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 7 8 theme fine 1057:1060 arg1 structure 1071:1079 the fine chemical structure 1053:1079 the fine chemical structure 1053:1079 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 1 9 theme other 222:226 arg1 countries 228:236 other countries 222:236 other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption 222:318 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 4 10 theme methoxylated 599:610 arg1 homogalacturonan 612:627 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan 590:627 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan 590:705 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 7 11 theme chemical 1062:1069 arg1 structure 1071:1079 the fine chemical structure 1053:1079 the fine chemical structure 1053:1079 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 8 12 theme walls 1295:1299 arg1 composition 1267:1277 polysaccharide composition 1252:1277 polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae) 1252:1320 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 5 13 theme chains 843:848 arg1 portions 798:805 high portions 793:805 high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 793:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 7 14 theme innate 1144:1149 arg1 response 1158:1165 innate immune response 1144:1165 innate immune response 1144:1165 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 5 15 link 6-O-linked 810:819 arg1 chains 843:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 3 16 from berries 484:490 arg1 polysaccharides 458:472 pectic polysaccharides 451:472 pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries 451:490 In this work, we characterize pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries through monosaccharide composition, HPSEC, methylation and 13C and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses. 28024540 0 17 dep Euterpe 83:89 arg1 oleraceae 91:99 Euterpe oleraceae 83:99 Euterpe oleraceae 83:99 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 4 18 theme % 644:644 arg1 Mw 650:651 Mw 650:651 Mw of 22kDa 650:660 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 4 18 theme % 644:644 arg1 DM 636:637 a DM 634:637 a DM of 88% 634:644 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 1 19 theme Açaí 143:146 arg1 Euterpe 157:163 Euterpe 157:163 Euterpe 157:163 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 1 19 theme Açaí 143:146 arg1 berries 148:154 Açaí berries 143:154 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) 143:173 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 7 20 theme immune 1151:1156 arg1 response 1158:1165 innate immune response 1144:1165 innate immune response 1144:1165 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 7 21 theme reported 1101:1108 arg1 action 1110:1115 the previously reported action 1086:1115 the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response 1086:1165 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 3 22 theme monosaccharide 500:513 arg1 composition 515:525 monosaccharide composition 500:525 monosaccharide composition 500:525 In this work, we characterize pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries through monosaccharide composition, HPSEC, methylation and 13C and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses. 28024540 2 23 theme chemical 343:350 arg1 structure 352:360 the complete chemical structure 330:360 the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides 330:389 However, the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides was not fully elucidated yet. 28024540 7 24 theme polysaccharides 1125:1139 arg1 action 1110:1115 the previously reported action 1086:1115 the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response 1086:1165 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 8 25 theme view 1206:1209 arg1 point 1197:1201 the taxonomic point 1183:1201 the taxonomic point of view 1183:1209 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 0 26 dep açaí 77:80 arg1 berries 102:108 berries 102:108 berries 102:108 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 2 27 theme complete 334:341 arg1 structure 352:360 the complete chemical structure 330:360 the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides 330:389 However, the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides was not fully elucidated yet. 28024540 6 28 theme type 932:935 arg1 arabinogalactan 940:954 The type II arabinogalactan 928:954 The type II arabinogalactan 928:954 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 6 28 theme type 932:935 arg1 chain 976:980 a side chain 969:980 a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan 969:1011 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 6 29 theme rhamnogalacturonan 994:1011 arg1 arabinogalactan 940:954 The type II arabinogalactan 928:954 The type II arabinogalactan 928:954 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 6 29 theme rhamnogalacturonan 994:1011 arg1 chain 976:980 a side chain 969:980 a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan 969:1011 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 6 30 theme I 992:992 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 994:1011 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 985:1011 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 985:1011 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 7 31 theme açaí 1120:1123 arg1 polysaccharides 1125:1139 açaí polysaccharides 1120:1139 açaí polysaccharides 1120:1139 These findings contribute to correlate the fine chemical structure with the previously reported action of açaí polysaccharides on innate immune response. 28024540 1 32 theme nutritional 243:253 arg1 supplement 255:264 a nutritional supplement 241:264 a nutritional supplement 241:264 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 5 33 contain containing 766:775 arg1 Mw=45kDa 756:763 Mw=45kDa 756:763 Mw=45kDa 756:763 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 33 contain containing 766:775 arg1 arabinogalactan 739:753 a type II arabinogalactan 729:753 a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp 729:876 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 33 contain containing 766:775 arg2 backbone 779:786 a backbone 777:786 a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp 777:876 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 33 contain containing 766:775 arg2 Galp 873:876 3-O-linked Galp 862:876 a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp 777:876 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 4 34 theme mannoglucan 695:705 arg1 mannoglucan 695:705 a mannoglucan 693:705 a mannoglucan 693:705 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 4 34 theme mannoglucan 695:705 arg1 amounts 682:688 small amounts 676:688 small amounts of a mannoglucan 676:705 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 2 35 theme polysaccharides 375:389 arg1 structure 352:360 the complete chemical structure 330:360 the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides 330:389 However, the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides was not fully elucidated yet. 28024540 5 36 with backbone 779:786 arg1 portions 798:805 high portions 793:805 high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 793:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 37 theme 3-O-linked 862:871 arg1 Galp 873:876 3-O-linked Galp 862:876 a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp 777:876 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 38 link 3,6-O-linked 825:836 arg1 chains 843:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 8 39 theme cell 1379:1382 arg1 composition 1389:1399 a distinct cell wall composition 1368:1399 a distinct cell wall composition 1368:1399 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 3 40 theme 1H/13C 559:564 arg1 analyses 580:587 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses 559:587 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses 559:587 In this work, we characterize pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries through monosaccharide composition, HPSEC, methylation and 13C and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses. 28024540 2 41 theme bioactive 365:373 arg1 polysaccharides 375:389 bioactive polysaccharides 365:389 bioactive polysaccharides 365:389 However, the complete chemical structure of bioactive polysaccharides was not fully elucidated yet. 28024540 0 42 theme pectins 35:41 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 42 theme pectins 35:41 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 5 43 theme type 731:734 arg1 Mw=45kDa 756:763 Mw=45kDa 756:763 Mw=45kDa 756:763 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 5 43 theme type 731:734 arg1 arabinogalactan 739:753 a type II arabinogalactan 729:753 a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp 729:876 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 1 44 dep Euterpe 157:163 arg1 oleracea 165:172 Euterpe oleracea 157:172 Euterpe oleracea 157:172 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 6 45 theme type 987:990 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 994:1011 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 985:1011 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 985:1011 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 5 46 theme high 793:796 arg1 portions 798:805 high portions 793:805 high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 793:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 0 47 theme cell 56:59 arg1 walls 61:65 primary cell walls 48:65 primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm 48:140 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 1 48 theme due 267:269 arg1 supplement 255:264 a nutritional supplement 241:264 a nutritional supplement 241:264 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 0 49 theme monocotyledon 123:135 arg1 palm 137:140 a monocotyledon palm 121:140 a monocotyledon palm 121:140 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 50 from walls 61:65 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 50 from walls 61:65 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 51 theme primary 48:54 arg1 walls 61:65 primary cell walls 48:65 primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm 48:140 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 5 52 theme 6-O-linked 810:819 arg1 chains 843:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 8 53 theme commelinid 1342:1351 arg1 monocots 1353:1360 commelinid monocots 1342:1360 commelinid monocots 1342:1360 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 3 54 theme pectic 451:456 arg1 polysaccharides 458:472 pectic polysaccharides 451:472 pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries 451:490 In this work, we characterize pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries through monosaccharide composition, HPSEC, methylation and 13C and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses. 28024540 1 55 theme health 274:279 arg1 benefits 281:288 health benefits 274:288 health benefits attributed to its consumption 274:318 Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea) are greatly consumed in Brazil and exported to other countries as a nutritional supplement, due to health benefits attributed to its consumption. 28024540 3 56 theme HSQC-DEPT-NMR 566:578 arg1 analyses 580:587 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses 559:587 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses 559:587 In this work, we characterize pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries through monosaccharide composition, HPSEC, methylation and 13C and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses. 28024540 8 57 theme polysaccharide 1252:1265 arg1 composition 1267:1277 polysaccharide composition 1252:1277 polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae) 1252:1320 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 8 58 theme palms 1304:1308 arg1 walls 1295:1299 primary cell walls 1282:1299 primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae) 1282:1320 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 0 59 theme palm 137:140 arg1 fruits 111:116 fruits 111:116 fruits 111:116 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 59 theme palm 137:140 arg1 Euterpe 83:89 Euterpe 83:89 Euterpe 83:89 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 0 59 theme palm 137:140 arg1 açaí 77:80 edible açaí 70:80 edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) 70:100 Extraction and characterization of pectins from primary cell walls of edible açaí (Euterpe oleraceae) berries, fruits of a monocotyledon palm. 28024540 4 60 with homogalacturonan 612:627 arg1 Mw 650:651 Mw 650:651 Mw of 22kDa 650:660 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 4 60 with homogalacturonan 612:627 arg1 DM 636:637 a DM 634:637 a DM of 88% 634:644 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 4 61 theme small 676:680 arg1 mannoglucan 695:705 a mannoglucan 693:705 a mannoglucan 693:705 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 4 61 theme small 676:680 arg1 amounts 682:688 small amounts 676:688 small amounts of a mannoglucan 676:705 A highly methoxylated homogalacturonan with a DM of 88% and Mw of 22kDa together with small amounts of a mannoglucan were found. 28024540 8 62 theme cell 1290:1293 arg1 walls 1295:1299 primary cell walls 1282:1299 primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae) 1282:1320 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 6 63 theme side 971:974 arg1 arabinogalactan 940:954 The type II arabinogalactan 928:954 The type II arabinogalactan 928:954 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 6 63 theme side 971:974 arg1 chain 976:980 a side chain 969:980 a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan 969:1011 The type II arabinogalactan was found as a side chain of a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 28024540 8 64 theme distinct 1370:1377 arg1 composition 1389:1399 a distinct cell wall composition 1368:1399 a distinct cell wall composition 1368:1399 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 3 65 theme açaí 479:482 arg1 berries 484:490 açaí berries 479:490 açaí berries 479:490 In this work, we characterize pectic polysaccharides from açaí berries through monosaccharide composition, HPSEC, methylation and 13C and 1H/13C HSQC-DEPT-NMR analyses. 28024540 8 66 theme taxonomic 1187:1195 arg1 point 1197:1201 the taxonomic point 1183:1201 the taxonomic point of view 1183:1209 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 28024540 5 67 theme Galp 838:841 arg1 chains 843:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains 810:848 Moreover, a type II arabinogalactan (Mw=45kDa) containing a backbone with high portions of 6-O-linked and 3,6-O-linked Galp chains rather than 3-O-linked Galp was also isolated and structurally characterized. 28024540 8 68 theme new 1230:1232 arg1 information 1234:1244 new information 1230:1244 new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae) 1230:1320 Moreover, from the taxonomic point of view, the results bring new information about polysaccharide composition of primary cell walls of palms (Arecaceae), that despite being commelinid monocots, have a distinct cell wall composition. 26736075 0 0 theme 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 74:105 arg1 metabolism 60:69 the microbial metabolism 46:69 the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 46:105 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 26736075 12 1 theme molecule 1505:1512 arg1 potential 1478:1486 the biological potential 1463:1486 the biological potential of the substrate molecule 1463:1512 Thus, through oxidation, the biological potential of the substrate molecule can be enhanced. 26736075 6 2 dep spectroscopy 733:744 arg1 MS 751:752 MS 751:752 MS 751:752 Structure elucidation was performed through extensive spectroscopy (IR, MS and NMR). 26736075 6 2 dep spectroscopy 733:744 arg1 IR 747:748 IR 747:748 IR 747:748 Structure elucidation was performed through extensive spectroscopy (IR, MS and NMR). 26736075 6 2 dep spectroscopy 733:744 arg1 NMR 758:760 NMR 758:760 NMR 758:760 Structure elucidation was performed through extensive spectroscopy (IR, MS and NMR). 26736075 8 3 theme metabolite 905:914 arg1 Structure 892:900 Results Structure 884:900 Results Structure of metabolite II 884:917 Results Structure of metabolite II was characterized as 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide (II). 26736075 8 3 theme metabolite 905:914 arg1 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide 940:977 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide 940:977 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide (II) 940:982 Results Structure of metabolite II was characterized as 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide (II). 26736075 4 4 dep Compound 537:544 arg1 100 mg 550:555 100 mg 550:555 100 mg 550:555 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) was incubated with Aspergillus niger culture for 12 d. 26736075 4 4 dep Compound 537:544 arg1 I 547:547 I 547:547 I 547:547 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) was incubated with Aspergillus niger culture for 12 d. 26736075 3 5 theme Microbial 364:372 arg1 transformation 374:387 Microbial transformation 364:387 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) 353:427 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 3 5 theme Microbial 364:372 arg1 I 426:426 I 426:426 I 426:426 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 10 6 dep In 1050:1051 arg1 vitro 1053:1057 vitro 1053:1057 vitro 1053:1057 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 0 7 theme Aspergillus 110:120 arg1 culture 128:134 Aspergillus niger culture 110:134 Aspergillus niger culture 110:134 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 26736075 4 8 dep Aspergillus 577:587 arg1 niger 589:593 niger 589:593 niger 589:593 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) was incubated with Aspergillus niger culture for 12 d. 26736075 5 9 theme column 656:661 arg1 chromatography 663:676 column chromatography 656:676 column chromatography 656:676 The metabolite formed was purified through column chromatography. 26736075 2 10 theme anti-HIV 314:321 arg1 activities 341:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 6 11 theme Structure 679:687 arg1 elucidation 689:699 Structure elucidation 679:699 Structure elucidation 679:699 Structure elucidation was performed through extensive spectroscopy (IR, MS and NMR). 26736075 9 12 theme oxidized 1018:1025 arg1 Metabolite 985:994 Metabolite II 985:997 Metabolite II 985:997 Metabolite II was found to be an oxidized product of compound I. 26736075 9 12 theme oxidized 1018:1025 arg1 product 1027:1033 an oxidized product 1015:1033 an oxidized product of compound I 1015:1047 Metabolite II was found to be an oxidized product of compound I. 26736075 3 13 theme 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 392:423 arg1 transformation 374:387 Microbial transformation 364:387 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) 353:427 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 3 13 theme 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 392:423 arg1 I 426:426 I 426:426 I 426:426 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 13 14 theme Conclusion 1531:1540 arg1 Biotransformation 1542:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation 1531:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation 1531:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 13 14 theme Conclusion 1531:1540 arg1 tool 1587:1590 a potential tool 1575:1590 a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules 1575:1642 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 3 15 with derivatives 462:472 arg1 potential 504:512 improved pharmacological potential 479:512 improved pharmacological potential 479:512 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 11 16 theme 82.51 ± 1.2 1413:1423 arg1 % 1424:1424 % 1424:1424 % 1424:1424 Antiglycation potential of compound II was also high with 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition. 26736075 0 17 theme niger 122:126 arg1 culture 128:134 Aspergillus niger culture 110:134 Aspergillus niger culture 110:134 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 26736075 12 18 theme substrate 1495:1503 arg1 molecule 1505:1512 the substrate molecule 1491:1512 the substrate molecule 1491:1512 Thus, through oxidation, the biological potential of the substrate molecule can be enhanced. 26736075 11 19 theme compound 1382:1389 arg1 potential 1369:1377 Antiglycation potential 1355:1377 Antiglycation potential of compound II 1355:1392 Antiglycation potential of compound II was also high with 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition. 26736075 2 20 theme potent 295:300 arg1 activities 341:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 9 21 theme compound 1038:1045 arg1 Metabolite 985:994 Metabolite II 985:997 Metabolite II 985:997 Metabolite II was found to be an oxidized product of compound I. 26736075 9 21 theme compound 1038:1045 arg1 product 1027:1033 an oxidized product 1015:1033 an oxidized product of compound I 1015:1047 Metabolite II was found to be an oxidized product of compound I. 26736075 11 22 theme Antiglycation 1355:1367 arg1 potential 1369:1377 Antiglycation potential 1355:1377 Antiglycation potential of compound II 1355:1392 Antiglycation potential of compound II was also high with 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition. 26736075 13 23 theme molecules 1634:1642 arg1 production 1600:1609 the production 1596:1609 the production of biologically potent molecules 1596:1642 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 10 24 theme IC50 1327:1330 arg1 acarbose 1317:1324 acarbose 1317:1324 compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM) 1266:1352 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 24 theme IC50 1327:1330 arg1 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM 1332:1351 IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM 1327:1351 IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM 1327:1351 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 3 25 theme improved 479:486 arg1 potential 504:512 improved pharmacological potential 479:512 improved pharmacological potential 479:512 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 3 26 theme pharmacological 488:502 arg1 potential 504:512 improved pharmacological potential 479:512 improved pharmacological potential 479:512 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 3 27 dep Objectives 353:362 arg1 transformation 374:387 Microbial transformation 364:387 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) 353:427 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 3 27 dep Objectives 353:362 arg1 I 426:426 I 426:426 I 426:426 Objectives Microbial transformation of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) was performed in order to obtain derivatives with improved pharmacological potential. 26736075 2 28 theme antimicrobial 327:339 arg1 activities 341:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 2 29 theme anticancer 302:311 arg1 activities 341:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 11 30 with high 1403:1406 arg1 inhibition 1426:1435 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition 1413:1435 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition 1413:1435 Antiglycation potential of compound II was also high with 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition. 26736075 1 31 theme most 211:214 arg1 species 222:228 most plant species 211:228 most plant species 211:228 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 0 32 theme epoxide 30:36 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 0:135 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 26736075 7 33 theme metabolite 857:866 arg1 potentials 824:833 β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials 780:833 potentials 824:833 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 26736075 7 33 theme metabolite 857:866 arg1 α- 773:774 In vitro α- 764:774 In vitro α- 764:774 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 26736075 4 34 theme Materials 515:523 arg1 Compound 537:544 Materials and methods Compound 515:544 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) 515:556 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) was incubated with Aspergillus niger culture for 12 d. 26736075 10 35 theme In 1050:1051 arg1 α- 1059:1060 In vitro α- 1050:1060 In vitro α- 1050:1060 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 1 36 theme plant 216:220 arg1 species 222:228 most plant species 211:228 most plant species 211:228 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 0 37 theme potent 23:28 arg1 epoxide 30:36 a highly potent epoxide 14:36 a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 14:105 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 26736075 10 38 theme metabolite 1232:1241 arg1 effect 1222:1227 the inhibitory effect 1207:1227 the inhibitory effect of metabolite II 1207:1244 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 38 theme metabolite 1232:1241 arg1 better 1254:1259 better 1254:1259 better 1254:1259 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 1 39 located found 202:206 arg2 triterpenoid 185:196 triterpenoid 185:196 triterpenoid 185:196 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 1 39 located found 202:206 arg2 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 145:176 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 137:176 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) 137:180 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 1 39 located found 202:206 arg2 I 179:179 I 179:179 I 179:179 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 1 39 located found 202:206 arg1 species 222:228 most plant species 211:228 most plant species 211:228 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 10 40 theme inhibitory 1211:1220 arg1 effect 1222:1227 the inhibitory effect 1207:1227 the inhibitory effect of metabolite II 1207:1244 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 40 theme inhibitory 1211:1220 arg1 better 1254:1259 better 1254:1259 better 1254:1259 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 11 41 theme % 1424:1424 arg1 inhibition 1426:1435 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition 1413:1435 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition 1413:1435 Antiglycation potential of compound II was also high with 82.51 ± 1.2% inhibition. 26736075 4 42 theme Aspergillus 577:587 arg1 culture 595:601 Aspergillus niger culture 577:601 Aspergillus niger culture 577:601 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) was incubated with Aspergillus niger culture for 12 d. 26736075 4 43 theme methods 529:535 arg1 Compound 537:544 Materials and methods Compound 515:544 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) 515:556 Materials and methods Compound (I, 100 mg) was incubated with Aspergillus niger culture for 12 d. 26736075 2 44 theme Pharmacologically 231:247 arg1 triterpenes 249:259 Pharmacologically triterpenes 231:259 Pharmacologically triterpenes 231:259 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 2 44 theme Pharmacologically 231:247 arg1 compounds 280:288 very effective compounds 265:288 very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 265:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 10 45 theme selective 1126:1134 arg1 metabolite 1095:1104 metabolite II 1095:1107 metabolite II 1095:1107 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 45 theme selective 1126:1134 arg1 IC50 1164:1167 IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM 1164:1190 IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM 1164:1190 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 45 theme selective 1126:1134 arg1 inhibitor 1136:1144 a potent and selective inhibitor 1113:1144 a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM) 1113:1191 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 13 46 theme potent 1627:1632 arg1 molecules 1634:1642 biologically potent molecules 1614:1642 biologically potent molecules 1614:1642 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 1 47 theme Context 137:143 arg1 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 145:176 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 137:176 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I) 137:180 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 1 47 theme Context 137:143 arg1 triterpenoid 185:196 triterpenoid 185:196 triterpenoid 185:196 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 1 47 theme Context 137:143 arg1 I 179:179 I 179:179 I 179:179 Context 3β-Acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide (I), a triterpenoid, is found in most plant species. 26736075 8 48 theme Results 884:890 arg1 Structure 892:900 Results Structure 884:900 Results Structure of metabolite II 884:917 Results Structure of metabolite II was characterized as 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide (II). 26736075 8 48 theme Results 884:890 arg1 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide 940:977 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide 940:977 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide (II) 940:982 Results Structure of metabolite II was characterized as 3β-acetoxyurs-11,12-epoxy-13β,28-olide (II). 26736075 2 49 with compounds 280:288 arg1 activities 341:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 295:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 10 50 theme potent 1115:1120 arg1 metabolite 1095:1104 metabolite II 1095:1107 metabolite II 1095:1107 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 50 theme potent 1115:1120 arg1 IC50 1164:1167 IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM 1164:1190 IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM 1164:1190 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 50 theme potent 1115:1120 arg1 inhibitor 1136:1144 a potent and selective inhibitor 1113:1144 a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM) 1113:1191 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 13 51 theme potential 1577:1585 arg1 Biotransformation 1542:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation 1531:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation 1531:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 13 51 theme potential 1577:1585 arg1 tool 1587:1590 a potential tool 1575:1590 a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules 1575:1642 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 12 52 theme biological 1467:1476 arg1 potential 1478:1486 the biological potential 1463:1486 the biological potential of the substrate molecule 1463:1512 Thus, through oxidation, the biological potential of the substrate molecule can be enhanced. 26736075 6 53 theme extensive 723:731 arg1 spectroscopy 733:744 extensive spectroscopy 723:744 extensive spectroscopy (IR, MS and NMR) 723:761 Structure elucidation was performed through extensive spectroscopy (IR, MS and NMR). 26736075 7 54 theme antiglycation 810:822 arg1 potentials 824:833 β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials 780:833 potentials 824:833 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 26736075 2 55 theme effective 270:278 arg1 triterpenes 249:259 Pharmacologically triterpenes 231:259 Pharmacologically triterpenes 231:259 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 2 55 theme effective 270:278 arg1 compounds 280:288 very effective compounds 265:288 very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities 265:350 Pharmacologically triterpenes are very effective compounds with potent anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. 26736075 10 56 theme IC50 1278:1281 arg1 compound 1266:1273 compound I 1266:1275 compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM) 1266:1352 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 56 theme IC50 1278:1281 arg1 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM 1283:1303 IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM 1278:1303 IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM 1278:1303 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 0 57 theme microbial 50:58 arg1 metabolism 60:69 the microbial metabolism 46:69 the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide 46:105 Production of a highly potent epoxide through the microbial metabolism of 3β-acetoxyurs-11-en-13β,28-olide by Aspergillus niger culture. 26736075 10 58 theme α-glucosidase 1149:1161 arg1 metabolite 1095:1104 metabolite II 1095:1107 metabolite II 1095:1107 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 58 theme α-glucosidase 1149:1161 arg1 IC50 1164:1167 IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM 1164:1190 IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM 1164:1190 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 10 58 theme α-glucosidase 1149:1161 arg1 inhibitor 1136:1144 a potent and selective inhibitor 1113:1144 a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM) 1113:1191 In vitro α- and β-glucosidases revealed that metabolite II was a potent and selective inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50 value = 3.56 ± 0.38 μM), showing that the inhibitory effect of metabolite II was far better than compound I (IC50 value = 14.7 ± 1.3 μM) as well as acarbose (IC50 value = 545 ± 7.9 μM). 26736075 7 59 dep In 764:765 arg1 vitro 767:771 vitro 767:771 vitro 767:771 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 26736075 13 60 used used 1567:1570 arg2 tool 1587:1590 a potential tool 1575:1590 a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules 1575:1642 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 13 60 used used 1567:1570 arg2 Biotransformation 1542:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation 1531:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation 1531:1558 Conclusion Biotransformation can be used as a potential tool for the production of biologically potent molecules. 26736075 7 61 theme In 764:765 arg1 α- 773:774 In vitro α- 764:774 In vitro α- 764:774 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 26736075 7 62 theme substrate 843:851 arg1 potentials 824:833 β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials 780:833 potentials 824:833 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 26736075 7 62 theme substrate 843:851 arg1 α- 773:774 In vitro α- 764:774 In vitro α- 764:774 In vitro α- and β-glucosidase inhibitory, and antiglycation potentials of both substrate and metabolite were evaluated. 24528728 2 0 theme unit 362:365 arg1 presence 326:333 the presence 322:333 the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide 322:387 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 1 theme repeating 352:360 arg1 unit 362:365 the following repeating unit 338:365 the following repeating unit 338:365 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 1 2 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 polysaccharide 109:122 A water-soluble polysaccharide 93:122 A water-soluble polysaccharide 93:122 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 1 2 attach isolated 128:135 arg1 extract 154:160 the aqueous extract 142:160 the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino 142:190 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 2 3 attach presence 326:333 arg1 polysaccharide 374:387 the polysaccharide 370:387 the polysaccharide 370:387 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 3 attach presence 326:333 arg2 unit 362:365 the following repeating unit 338:365 the following repeating unit 338:365 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 4 from presence 326:333 arg1 polysaccharide 374:387 the polysaccharide 370:387 the polysaccharide 370:387 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 1 5 theme Makino 185:190 arg1 extract 154:160 the aqueous extract 142:160 the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino 142:190 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 1 6 theme Dioscored 165:173 arg1 Makino 185:190 Dioscored nipponica Makino 165:190 Dioscored nipponica Makino 165:190 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 1 7 theme nipponica 175:183 arg1 Makino 185:190 Dioscored nipponica Makino 165:190 Dioscored nipponica Makino 165:190 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 2 8 dep studies 260:266 arg1 HMBC 307:310 HMBC 307:310 HMBC 307:310 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 8 dep studies 260:266 arg1 COSY 291:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 8 dep studies 260:266 arg1 HSQC 297:300 HSQC 297:300 HSQC 297:300 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 8 dep studies 260:266 arg1 C 279:279 (13)C 275:279 (13)C 275:279 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 8 dep studies 260:266 arg1 H 272:272 (1)H 269:272 (1)H 269:272 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 8 dep studies 260:266 arg1 studies 260:266 NMR studies 256:266 NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) 256:311 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 0 9 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation of a polysaccharide (DMB) 0:49 Structural investigation of a polysaccharide (DMB) purified from Dioscorea nipponica Makino. 24528728 1 10 theme water-soluble 95:107 arg1 polysaccharide 109:122 A water-soluble polysaccharide 93:122 A water-soluble polysaccharide 93:122 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 2 11 theme following 342:350 arg1 unit 362:365 the following repeating unit 338:365 the following repeating unit 338:365 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 0 12 theme polysaccharide 30:43 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation of a polysaccharide (DMB) 0:49 Structural investigation of a polysaccharide (DMB) purified from Dioscorea nipponica Makino. 24528728 2 13 theme methylation 230:240 arg1 analysis 242:249 methylation analysis 230:249 methylation analysis 230:249 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 14 theme IR 217:218 arg1 analysis 220:227 IR analysis 217:227 IR analysis 217:227 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 15 dep H 272:272 arg1 1 270:270 1 270:270 1 270:270 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 16 theme NMR 256:258 arg1 HMBC 307:310 HMBC 307:310 HMBC 307:310 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 16 theme NMR 256:258 arg1 COSY 291:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 16 theme NMR 256:258 arg1 HSQC 297:300 HSQC 297:300 HSQC 297:300 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 16 theme NMR 256:258 arg1 C 279:279 (13)C 275:279 (13)C 275:279 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 16 theme NMR 256:258 arg1 H 272:272 (1)H 269:272 (1)H 269:272 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 16 theme NMR 256:258 arg1 studies 260:266 NMR studies 256:266 NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) 256:311 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 1 17 theme aqueous 146:152 arg1 extract 154:160 the aqueous extract 142:160 the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino 142:190 A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the aqueous extract of Dioscored nipponica Makino. 24528728 2 18 theme Compositional 193:205 arg1 analysis 207:214 Compositional analysis 193:214 Compositional analysis 193:214 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 19 dep COSY 291:294 arg1 1 287:287 1 287:287 1 287:287 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 19 dep COSY 291:294 arg1 1 283:283 1 283:283 1 283:283 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 20 theme H 289:289 arg1 COSY 291:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 20 theme H 289:289 arg1 studies 260:266 NMR studies 256:266 NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) 256:311 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 21 theme H 285:285 arg1 COSY 291:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 (1)H(1)H COSY 282:294 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 24528728 2 21 theme H 285:285 arg1 studies 260:266 NMR studies 256:266 NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) 256:311 Compositional analysis, IR analysis, methylation analysis, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H(1)H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) revealed the presence of the following repeating unit in the polysaccharide: 25797403 0 0 theme polysaccharides 75:89 arg1 composition 35:45 composition 35:45 composition 35:45 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 0 theme polysaccharides 75:89 arg1 activity 63:70 antioxidant activity 51:70 antioxidant activity 51:70 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 0 theme polysaccharides 75:89 arg1 production 23:32 production 23:32 production 23:32 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 7 1 theme monosaccharide 1340:1353 arg1 compositions 1355:1366 the six monosaccharide compositions 1332:1366 the six monosaccharide compositions 1332:1366 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 7 2 theme sugar 1308:1312 arg1 content 1297:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content 1267:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions 1267:1366 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 5 3 theme control 1046:1052 arg1 medium 1054:1059 the control medium 1042:1059 the control medium 1042:1059 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 4 4 theme % 804:804 arg1 increase 767:774 a increase 765:774 a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1% 765:804 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 1 5 theme medicinal 174:182 arg1 obliquus 202:209 the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 170:209 the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 170:209 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 6 theme Inonotus 94:101 arg1 obliquus 103:110 Inonotus obliquus 94:110 Inonotus obliquus 94:110 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 35:45 composition 35:45 composition 35:45 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activity 63:70 antioxidant activity 51:70 antioxidant activity 51:70 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 production 23:32 production 23:32 production 23:32 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 4 8 dep phase 859:863 arg1 24h 866:868 24h 866:868 24h after inoculation 866:886 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 7 9 dep EPS 1215:1217 arg1 the 1211:1213 the 1211:1213 the 1211:1213 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 6 10 from medium 1092:1097 arg1 antioxidant 1122:1132 the most effective antioxidant 1103:1132 the most effective antioxidant 1103:1132 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 6 10 from medium 1092:1097 arg1 IPS1 1062:1065 IPS1 1062:1065 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium 1062:1097 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 6 11 with antioxidant 1122:1132 arg1 value 1158:1162 an estimated IC50 value 1140:1162 an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL 1140:1175 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 4 12 theme maximum 700:706 arg1 production 708:717 maximum production 700:717 maximum production of mycelial biomass 700:737 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 7 13 theme Tween 1236:1240 arg1 medium 1256:1261 the Tween 80-containing medium 1232:1261 the Tween 80-containing medium 1232:1261 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 1 14 theme mushroom 184:191 arg1 obliquus 202:209 the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 170:209 the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 170:209 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 0 15 theme obliquus 103:110 arg1 polysaccharides 75:89 polysaccharides 75:89 polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus 75:110 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 8 16 theme EPS 1451:1453 arg1 evident 1518:1524 evident 1518:1524 evident 1518:1524 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 8 16 theme EPS 1451:1453 arg1 accumulation 1425:1436 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation 1397:1436 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 1397:1512 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 6 17 theme 0.74mg/mL 1167:1175 arg1 value 1158:1162 an estimated IC50 value 1140:1162 an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL 1140:1175 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 6 18 theme 80-containing 1078:1090 arg1 medium 1092:1097 Tween 80-containing medium 1072:1097 Tween 80-containing medium 1072:1097 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 7 19 from medium 1256:1261 arg1 IPS 1223:1225 IPS 1223:1225 IPS 1223:1225 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 7 19 from medium 1256:1261 arg1 EPS 1215:1217 EPS 1215:1217 EPS 1215:1217 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 1 20 theme Inonotus 193:200 arg1 obliquus 202:209 the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 170:209 the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 170:209 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 6 21 theme Tween 1072:1076 arg1 medium 1092:1097 Tween 80-containing medium 1072:1097 Tween 80-containing medium 1072:1097 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 4 22 theme biomass 731:737 arg1 IPS1 745:748 IPS1 745:748 IPS1 745:748 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 4 22 theme biomass 731:737 arg1 IPS2 755:758 IPS2 755:758 IPS2 755:758 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 4 22 theme biomass 731:737 arg1 EPS 740:742 EPS 740:742 EPS 740:742 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 4 22 theme biomass 731:737 arg1 production 708:717 maximum production 700:717 maximum production of mycelial biomass 700:737 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 8 23 theme enhanced 1416:1423 arg1 evident 1518:1524 evident 1518:1524 evident 1518:1524 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 8 23 theme enhanced 1416:1423 arg1 accumulation 1425:1436 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation 1397:1436 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 1397:1512 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 8 24 theme IPS 1459:1461 arg1 evident 1518:1524 evident 1518:1524 evident 1518:1524 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 8 24 theme IPS 1459:1461 arg1 accumulation 1425:1436 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation 1397:1436 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 1397:1512 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 4 25 theme mycelial 722:729 arg1 biomass 731:737 mycelial biomass 722:737 mycelial biomass 722:737 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 5 26 dep significantly 920:932 arg1 p<0.05 935:940 p<0.05 935:940 p<0.05 935:940 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 2 27 theme submerged 463:471 arg1 fermentation 473:484 submerged fermentation 463:484 submerged fermentation of I. obliquus 463:499 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 6 28 theme effective 1112:1120 arg1 antioxidant 1122:1132 the most effective antioxidant 1103:1132 the most effective antioxidant 1103:1132 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 6 28 theme effective 1112:1120 arg1 IPS1 1062:1065 IPS1 1062:1065 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium 1062:1097 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 4 29 theme growth 852:857 arg1 phase 859:863 the early growth phase 842:863 the early growth phase (24h after inoculation) 842:887 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 7 30 theme higher 1290:1295 arg1 content 1297:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content 1267:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions 1267:1366 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 6 31 theme IC50 1153:1156 arg1 value 1158:1162 an estimated IC50 value 1140:1162 an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL 1140:1175 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 0 32 theme chemicals 10:18 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 0:111 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 8 33 theme cultured 1466:1473 arg1 obliquus 1478:1485 cultured I. obliquus 1466:1485 cultured I. obliquus 1466:1485 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 4 34 theme early 846:850 arg1 phase 859:863 the early growth phase 842:863 the early growth phase (24h after inoculation) 842:887 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 2 35 theme stimulatory 334:344 arg1 effects 346:352 their stimulatory effects 328:352 their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) 328:458 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 7 36 dep higher 1290:1295 arg1 p<0.05 1282:1287 p<0.05 1282:1287 p<0.05 1282:1287 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 3 37 theme chemicals 525:533 arg1 evaluation 508:517 evaluation 508:517 evaluation of 14 chemicals 508:533 After evaluation of 14 chemicals, oleic acid, Tween 80, and TritonX-100 were chosen for optimization of addition concentration and addition time. 25797403 5 38 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 980:1008 arg1 radicals 1017:1024 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 980:1024 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 980:1024 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 3 39 theme addition 606:613 arg1 concentration 615:627 addition concentration 606:627 addition concentration 606:627 After evaluation of 14 chemicals, oleic acid, Tween 80, and TritonX-100 were chosen for optimization of addition concentration and addition time. 25797403 8 40 theme obliquus 1478:1485 arg1 IPS 1459:1461 IPS 1459:1461 IPS 1459:1461 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 8 40 theme obliquus 1478:1485 arg1 EPS 1451:1453 bioactive EPS 1441:1453 bioactive EPS 1441:1453 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 2 41 theme organic 249:255 arg1 solvents 257:264 organic solvents 249:264 organic solvents 249:264 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 42 theme endopolysaccharides 434:452 arg1 production 391:400 production 391:400 production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) 391:458 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 42 theme endopolysaccharides 434:452 arg1 growth 361:366 the growth 357:366 the growth of fungal mycelium 357:385 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 43 theme obliquus 492:499 arg1 fermentation 473:484 submerged fermentation 463:484 submerged fermentation of I. obliquus 463:499 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 8 44 theme I. 1475:1476 arg1 obliquus 1478:1485 cultured I. obliquus 1466:1485 cultured I. obliquus 1466:1485 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 5 45 theme DPPH 1011:1014 arg1 radicals 1017:1024 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 980:1024 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 980:1024 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 2 46 theme mycelium 378:385 arg1 production 391:400 production 391:400 production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) 391:458 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 46 theme mycelium 378:385 arg1 growth 361:366 the growth 357:366 the growth of fungal mycelium 357:385 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 47 theme I. 489:490 arg1 obliquus 492:499 I. obliquus 489:499 I. obliquus 489:499 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 6 48 theme estimated 1143:1151 arg1 value 1158:1162 an estimated IC50 value 1140:1162 an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL 1140:1175 IPS1 from Tween 80-containing medium was the most effective antioxidant, with an estimated IC50 value of 0.74mg/mL. 25797403 3 49 theme oleic 536:540 arg1 acid 542:545 oleic acid 536:545 oleic acid 536:545 After evaluation of 14 chemicals, oleic acid, Tween 80, and TritonX-100 were chosen for optimization of addition concentration and addition time. 25797403 2 50 theme fungal 371:376 arg1 mycelium 378:385 fungal mycelium 371:385 fungal mycelium 371:385 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 7 51 theme 80-containing 1242:1254 arg1 medium 1256:1261 the Tween 80-containing medium 1232:1261 the Tween 80-containing medium 1232:1261 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 5 52 theme stronger 943:950 arg1 activity 963:970 significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity 920:970 significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 920:1024 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 3 53 theme time 642:645 arg1 optimization 590:601 optimization 590:601 optimization of addition concentration and addition time 590:645 After evaluation of 14 chemicals, oleic acid, Tween 80, and TritonX-100 were chosen for optimization of addition concentration and addition time. 25797403 3 54 theme concentration 615:627 arg1 optimization 590:601 optimization 590:601 optimization of addition concentration and addition time 590:645 After evaluation of 14 chemicals, oleic acid, Tween 80, and TritonX-100 were chosen for optimization of addition concentration and addition time. 25797403 1 55 theme important 133:141 arg1 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 1 55 theme important 133:141 arg1 metabolites 153:163 important secondary metabolites 133:163 important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 133:209 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 7 56 theme glucose 1318:1324 arg1 content 1297:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content 1267:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions 1267:1366 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 2 57 theme fatty 220:224 arg1 acids 226:230 Various fatty acids 212:230 Various fatty acids 212:230 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 58 theme membrane-reorganizing 274:294 arg1 chemicals 296:304 cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals 269:304 cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals 269:304 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 1 59 from obliquus 202:209 arg1 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 1 59 from obliquus 202:209 arg1 metabolites 153:163 important secondary metabolites 133:163 important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 133:209 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 1 60 theme secondary 143:151 arg1 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides 113:127 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 1 60 theme secondary 143:151 arg1 metabolites 153:163 important secondary metabolites 133:163 important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus 133:209 Polysaccharides are important secondary metabolites from the medicinal mushroom Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 5 61 theme scavenging 952:961 arg1 activity 963:970 significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity 920:970 significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 920:1024 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 2 62 theme Various 212:218 arg1 acids 226:230 Various fatty acids 212:230 Various fatty acids 212:230 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 63 theme cell 269:272 arg1 chemicals 296:304 cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals 269:304 cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals 269:304 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 8 64 theme bioactive 1441:1449 arg1 EPS 1451:1453 bioactive EPS 1441:1453 bioactive EPS 1441:1453 The simultaneously enhanced accumulation of bioactive EPS and IPS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with Tween 80 was evident. 25797403 2 65 theme exopolysaccharides 405:422 arg1 production 391:400 production 391:400 production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) 391:458 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 65 theme exopolysaccharides 405:422 arg1 growth 361:366 the growth 357:366 the growth of fungal mycelium 357:385 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 5 66 contain had 916:918 arg2 activity 963:970 significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity 920:970 significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 920:1024 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 5 66 contain had 916:918 arg1 IPS1 901:904 IPS1 901:904 IPS1 901:904 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 5 66 contain had 916:918 arg1 IPS2 911:914 IPS2 911:914 IPS2 911:914 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 5 66 contain had 916:918 arg1 EPS 896:898 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 890:914 EPS 896:898 These EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 had significantly (p<0.05) stronger scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals than those from the control medium. 25797403 7 67 contain had 1263:1265 arg1 IPS 1223:1225 IPS 1223:1225 IPS 1223:1225 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 7 67 contain had 1263:1265 arg1 EPS 1215:1217 EPS 1215:1217 EPS 1215:1217 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 7 67 contain had 1263:1265 arg2 content 1297:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content 1267:1303 significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions 1267:1366 This might be attributed to that the EPS and IPS from the Tween 80-containing medium had significantly (p<0.05) higher content of sugar and glucose among the six monosaccharide compositions than those from the control. 25797403 0 68 theme antioxidant 51:61 arg1 activity 63:70 antioxidant activity 51:70 antioxidant activity 51:70 Effect of chemicals on production, composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides of Inonotus obliquus. 25797403 3 69 theme addition 633:640 arg1 time 642:645 addition time 633:645 addition time 633:645 After evaluation of 14 chemicals, oleic acid, Tween 80, and TritonX-100 were chosen for optimization of addition concentration and addition time. 25797403 4 70 dep % 678:678 arg1 Tween 686:690 Tween 686:690 Tween 686:690 Among the three chemicals, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 80 gave maximum production of mycelial biomass, EPS, IPS1, and IPS2 with a increase of 16.6, 81.6, 37.7 and 18.1%, respectively, when supplemented at the early growth phase (24h after inoculation). 25797403 2 71 from effects 346:352 arg1 production 391:400 production 391:400 production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) 391:458 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 25797403 2 71 from effects 346:352 arg1 growth 361:366 the growth 357:366 the growth of fungal mycelium 357:385 Various fatty acids, surfactants and organic solvents as cell membrane-reorganizing chemicals were investigated for their stimulatory effects on the growth of fungal mycelium and production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and endopolysaccharides (IPS) by submerged fermentation of I. obliquus. 27743370 2 0 theme data 364:367 arg1 prerequisite 382:393 the major prerequisite 372:393 the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation 372:571 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 2 0 theme data 364:367 arg1 preprocessing 331:343 preprocessing 331:343 preprocessing 331:343 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 7 1 theme glycan 1505:1510 arg1 peaks 1512:1516 glycan peaks 1505:1516 glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1505:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 8 2 dep instrument 1805:1814 arg1 USA 1830:1832 USA 1830:1832 USA 1830:1832 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 2 dep instrument 1805:1814 arg1 MA 1826:1827 MA 1826:1827 MA 1826:1827 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 6 3 theme peak 1332:1335 arg1 detection 1337:1345 automatic peak detection 1322:1345 automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1322:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 8 4 theme glycomics 1750:1758 arg1 integration 1767:1777 IgG glycomics signal integration 1746:1777 IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) 1746:1833 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 5 theme integration 1767:1777 arg1 cost 1738:1741 cost 1738:1741 cost 1738:1741 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 5 theme integration 1767:1777 arg1 time 1729:1732 time 1729:1732 time 1729:1732 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 1 6 theme due 175:177 arg1 N-glycosylation 159:173 IgG Fc N-glycosylation 152:173 IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 152:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 4 7 theme confounding 917:927 arg1 source 907:912 a source 905:912 a source of confounding due to their dependence on human labelers 905:969 Such procedures are meticulous and time-consuming, and may be a source of confounding due to their dependence on human labelers. 27743370 1 8 theme branch-specific 257:271 arg1 information 273:283 branch-specific information 257:283 branch-specific information of glycan species 257:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 6 9 theme practical 1298:1306 arg1 challenges 1308:1317 practical challenges 1298:1317 practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1298:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 8 10 theme Waters 1785:1790 arg1 instrument 1805:1814 Waters Acquity UPLC instrument 1785:1814 Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) 1785:1833 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 5 11 theme analysis 1124:1131 arg1 area 1106:1109 the area 1102:1109 the area of glycomics analysis 1102:1131 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 3 12 theme chromatograms 601:613 arg1 complexity 578:587 The complexity 574:587 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms 574:613 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 8 13 theme UPLC 1800:1803 arg1 instrument 1805:1814 Waters Acquity UPLC instrument 1785:1814 Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) 1785:1833 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 4 14 theme human 956:960 arg1 labelers 962:969 human labelers 956:969 human labelers 956:969 Such procedures are meticulous and time-consuming, and may be a source of confounding due to their dependence on human labelers. 27743370 7 15 theme Automatic 1429:1437 arg1 ACE 1424:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE 1391:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1391:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 15 theme Automatic 1429:1437 arg1 Extraction 1452:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 5 16 theme liquid 981:986 arg1 field 1015:1019 a mature field 1006:1019 a mature field 1006:1019 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 5 16 theme liquid 981:986 arg1 chromatography 988:1001 liquid chromatography 981:1001 liquid chromatography 981:1001 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 8 17 dep time 1729:1732 arg1 the 1725:1727 the 1725:1727 the 1725:1727 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 6 18 theme glycomics 1355:1363 arg1 chromatograms 1365:1377 UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1350:1377 UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1350:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 3 19 theme annotation 674:683 arg1 algorithms 702:711 automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms 659:711 automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms 659:711 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 1 20 theme accurate 131:138 arg1 analysis 140:147 accurate analysis 131:147 accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 131:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 7 21 from alignment 1478:1486 arg1 chromatograms 1521:1533 chromatograms 1521:1533 chromatograms 1521:1533 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 4 22 from dependence 942:951 arg1 labelers 962:969 human labelers 956:969 human labelers 956:969 Such procedures are meticulous and time-consuming, and may be a source of confounding due to their dependence on human labelers. 27743370 3 23 theme automated 659:667 arg1 annotation 674:683 automated data annotation 659:683 automated data annotation 659:683 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 7 24 from detection 1492:1500 arg1 chromatograms 1521:1533 chromatograms 1521:1533 chromatograms 1521:1533 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 2 25 theme immune 513:518 arg1 response 520:527 humoral immune response 505:527 humoral immune response 505:527 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 8 26 theme several 1838:1844 arg1 cohorts 1852:1858 several human cohorts 1838:1858 several human cohorts with blind technical replicas 1838:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 1 27 theme Fc 156:157 arg1 N-glycosylation 159:173 IgG Fc N-glycosylation 152:173 IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 152:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 1 28 theme liquid 68:73 arg1 chromatography 75:88 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography 50:88 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 50:95 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 1 28 theme liquid 68:73 arg1 technology 116:125 the established technology 100:125 the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 100:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 1 28 theme liquid 68:73 arg1 UPLC 91:94 UPLC 91:94 UPLC 91:94 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 8 29 from reduction 1712:1720 arg1 cost 1738:1741 cost 1738:1741 cost 1738:1741 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 29 from reduction 1712:1720 arg1 time 1729:1732 time 1729:1732 time 1729:1732 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 30 theme blind 1865:1869 arg1 replicas 1881:1888 blind technical replicas 1865:1888 blind technical replicas 1865:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 5 31 theme methods 1037:1043 arg1 number 1027:1032 a number 1025:1032 a number of methods 1025:1043 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 2 32 theme biomarker 467:475 arg1 discovery 477:485 biomarker discovery 467:485 biomarker discovery 467:485 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 5 33 theme substantial 1240:1250 arg1 modifications 1252:1264 substantial modifications 1240:1264 substantial modifications 1240:1264 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 0 34 theme Automated 0:8 arg1 Integration 10:20 Automated Integration 0:20 Automated Integration of a UPLC Glycomic Profile 0:47 Automated Integration of a UPLC Glycomic Profile. 27743370 5 35 theme glycomic 1214:1221 arg1 profiles 1223:1230 UPLC glycomic profiles 1209:1230 UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications 1209:1264 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 5 36 theme mature 1008:1013 arg1 field 1015:1019 a mature field 1006:1019 a mature field 1006:1019 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 5 36 theme mature 1008:1013 arg1 chromatography 988:1001 liquid chromatography 981:1001 liquid chromatography 981:1001 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 2 37 theme isomers 456:462 arg1 inference 432:440 inference 432:440 inference of structural isomers 432:462 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 7 38 theme Limited 1601:1607 arg1 Genos 1595:1599 Genos Limited 1595:1607 Genos Limited (Croatia) 1595:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 38 theme Limited 1601:1607 arg1 Croatia 1610:1616 Croatia 1610:1616 Croatia 1610:1616 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 0 39 theme UPLC 27:30 arg1 Profile 41:47 a UPLC Glycomic Profile 25:47 a UPLC Glycomic Profile 25:47 Automated Integration of a UPLC Glycomic Profile. 27743370 1 40 theme species 295:301 arg1 information 273:283 branch-specific information 257:283 branch-specific information of glycan species 257:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 5 41 theme peak 1079:1082 arg1 detection 1084:1092 automatic peak detection 1069:1092 automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis 1069:1131 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 5 42 theme automatic 1184:1192 arg1 integration 1194:1204 automatic integration 1184:1204 automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications 1184:1264 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 3 43 theme quantitation 689:700 arg1 algorithms 702:711 automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms 659:711 automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms 659:711 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 2 44 theme chromatographic 348:362 arg1 data 364:367 chromatographic data 348:367 chromatographic data 348:367 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 0 45 theme Profile 41:47 arg1 Integration 10:20 Automated Integration 0:20 Automated Integration of a UPLC Glycomic Profile 0:47 Automated Integration of a UPLC Glycomic Profile. 27743370 8 46 theme tool 1639:1642 arg1 Application 1620:1630 Application 1620:1630 Application of the tool 1620:1642 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 3 47 theme manual 744:749 arg1 approaches 766:775 manual or semi-manual approaches 744:775 manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration 744:840 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 8 48 theme significant 1700:1710 arg1 reduction 1712:1720 a significant reduction 1698:1720 a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas 1698:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 49 theme minimal 1653:1659 arg1 interference 1667:1678 minimal human interference 1653:1678 minimal human interference 1653:1678 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 8 50 with cohorts 1852:1858 arg1 replicas 1881:1888 blind technical replicas 1865:1888 blind technical replicas 1865:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 2 51 theme major 376:380 arg1 prerequisite 382:393 the major prerequisite 372:393 the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation 372:571 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 2 51 theme major 376:380 arg1 preprocessing 331:343 preprocessing 331:343 preprocessing 331:343 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 7 52 theme Limited 1560:1566 arg1 Pharmatics 1549:1558 Pharmatics Limited 1549:1566 Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1549:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 52 theme Limited 1560:1566 arg1 UK 1569:1570 UK 1569:1570 UK 1569:1570 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 6 53 theme UPLC 1350:1353 arg1 chromatograms 1365:1377 UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1350:1377 UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1350:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 3 54 theme semi-manual 754:764 arg1 approaches 766:775 manual or semi-manual approaches 744:775 manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration 744:840 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 6 55 theme detection 1337:1345 arg1 challenges 1308:1317 practical challenges 1298:1317 practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1298:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 7 56 theme peaks 1512:1516 arg1 alignment 1478:1486 automated alignment 1468:1486 automated alignment 1468:1486 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 56 theme peaks 1512:1516 arg1 detection 1492:1500 detection 1492:1500 detection 1492:1500 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 57 with collaboration 1576:1588 arg1 Genos 1595:1599 Genos Limited 1595:1607 Genos Limited (Croatia) 1595:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 57 with collaboration 1576:1588 arg1 Croatia 1610:1616 Croatia 1610:1616 Croatia 1610:1616 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 6 58 theme automatic 1322:1330 arg1 detection 1337:1345 automatic peak detection 1322:1345 automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1322:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 8 59 theme IgG 1746:1748 arg1 integration 1767:1777 IgG glycomics signal integration 1746:1777 IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) 1746:1833 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 1 60 theme N-glycosylation 159:173 arg1 analysis 140:147 accurate analysis 131:147 accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 131:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 8 61 theme signal 1760:1765 arg1 integration 1767:1777 IgG glycomics signal integration 1746:1777 IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) 1746:1833 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 7 62 from chromatograms 1521:1533 arg1 alignment 1478:1486 automated alignment 1468:1486 automated alignment 1468:1486 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 62 from chromatograms 1521:1533 arg1 detection 1492:1500 detection 1492:1500 detection 1492:1500 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 3 63 theme glycomic 592:599 arg1 chromatograms 601:613 glycomic chromatograms 592:613 glycomic chromatograms 592:613 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 1 64 theme superior 186:193 arg1 sensitivity 195:205 its superior sensitivity 182:205 its superior sensitivity 182:205 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 7 65 theme automated 1468:1476 arg1 alignment 1478:1486 automated alignment 1468:1486 automated alignment 1468:1486 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 3 66 theme peak 811:814 arg1 detection 816:824 peak detection 811:824 peak detection 811:824 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 3 67 theme challenges 633:642 arg1 number 623:628 a number 621:628 a number 621:628 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 8 68 theme Acquity 1792:1798 arg1 instrument 1805:1814 Waters Acquity UPLC instrument 1785:1814 Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) 1785:1833 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 7 69 from Pharmatics 1549:1558 arg1 collaboration 1576:1588 collaboration 1576:1588 collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1576:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 1 70 theme established 104:114 arg1 chromatography 75:88 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography 50:88 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 50:95 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 1 70 theme established 104:114 arg1 technology 116:125 the established technology 100:125 the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 100:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 2 71 from changes 548:554 arg1 glycosylation 559:571 glycosylation 559:571 glycosylation 559:571 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 7 72 theme Chromatogram 1439:1450 arg1 ACE 1424:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE 1391:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1391:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 72 theme Chromatogram 1439:1450 arg1 Extraction 1452:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 6 73 theme chromatograms 1365:1377 arg1 detection 1337:1345 automatic peak detection 1322:1345 automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms 1322:1377 In this chapter, we illustrate practical challenges of automatic peak detection of UPLC glycomics chromatograms. 27743370 3 74 theme data 669:672 arg1 annotation 674:683 automated data annotation 659:683 automated data annotation 659:683 The complexity of glycomic chromatograms poses a number of challenges for developing automated data annotation and quantitation algorithms, which frequently necessitated manual or semi-manual approaches to preprocessing, most notably to peak detection and integration. 27743370 5 75 theme glycomics 1114:1122 arg1 analysis 1124:1131 glycomics analysis 1114:1131 glycomics analysis 1114:1131 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 2 76 theme response 520:527 arg1 prediction 491:500 prediction 491:500 prediction of humoral immune response 491:527 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 2 76 theme response 520:527 arg1 discovery 477:485 biomarker discovery 467:485 biomarker discovery 467:485 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 7 77 theme method 1417:1422 arg1 ACE 1424:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE 1391:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1391:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 77 theme method 1417:1422 arg1 Extraction 1452:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 1 78 theme IgG 152:154 arg1 N-glycosylation 159:173 IgG Fc N-glycosylation 152:173 IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 152:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 2 79 theme humoral 505:511 arg1 response 520:527 humoral immune response 505:527 humoral immune response 505:527 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 1 80 theme Ultra-performance 50:66 arg1 chromatography 75:88 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography 50:88 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 50:95 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 1 80 theme Ultra-performance 50:66 arg1 technology 116:125 the established technology 100:125 the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species 100:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 1 80 theme Ultra-performance 50:66 arg1 UPLC 91:94 UPLC 91:94 UPLC 91:94 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 7 81 from peaks 1512:1516 arg1 chromatograms 1521:1533 chromatograms 1521:1533 chromatograms 1521:1533 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 8 82 theme human 1846:1850 arg1 cohorts 1852:1858 several human cohorts 1838:1858 several human cohorts with blind technical replicas 1838:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 7 83 theme robust 1393:1398 arg1 ACE 1424:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE 1391:1426 a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia) 1391:1617 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 7 83 theme robust 1393:1398 arg1 Extraction 1452:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 Automatic Chromatogram Extraction 1429:1461 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 2 84 theme characterized 534:546 arg1 changes 548:554 characterized changes 534:554 characterized changes in glycosylation 534:571 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 4 85 theme Such 843:846 arg1 procedures 848:857 Such procedures 843:857 Such procedures 843:857 Such procedures are meticulous and time-consuming, and may be a source of confounding due to their dependence on human labelers. 27743370 2 86 theme subsequent 399:408 arg1 analyses 410:417 subsequent analyses 399:417 subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation 399:571 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 8 87 from cost 1738:1741 arg1 cohorts 1852:1858 several human cohorts 1838:1858 several human cohorts with blind technical replicas 1838:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 5 88 theme profiles 1223:1230 arg1 integration 1194:1204 automatic integration 1184:1204 automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications 1184:1264 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 8 89 theme technical 1871:1879 arg1 replicas 1881:1888 blind technical replicas 1865:1888 blind technical replicas 1865:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 2 90 theme structural 445:454 arg1 isomers 456:462 structural isomers 445:462 structural isomers 445:462 Correct and cost-efficient preprocessing of chromatographic data is the major prerequisite for subsequent analyses ranging from inference of structural isomers to biomarker discovery and prediction of humoral immune response from characterized changes in glycosylation. 27743370 8 91 from time 1729:1732 arg1 cohorts 1852:1858 several human cohorts 1838:1858 several human cohorts with blind technical replicas 1838:1888 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 27743370 0 92 theme Glycomic 32:39 arg1 Profile 41:47 a UPLC Glycomic Profile 25:47 a UPLC Glycomic Profile 25:47 Automated Integration of a UPLC Glycomic Profile. 27743370 1 93 theme glycan 288:293 arg1 species 295:301 glycan species 288:301 glycan species 288:301 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) is the established technology for accurate analysis of IgG Fc N-glycosylation due to its superior sensitivity, resolution, speed, and its capability to provide branch-specific information of glycan species. 27743370 5 94 theme automatic 1069:1077 arg1 detection 1084:1092 automatic peak detection 1069:1092 automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis 1069:1131 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 7 95 dep robust 1393:1398 arg1 semi-supervised 1401:1415 semi-supervised 1401:1415 semi-supervised 1401:1415 We outline a robust, semi-supervised method ACE (Automatic Chromatogram Extraction) for automated alignment and detection of glycan peaks in chromatograms, developed by Pharmatics Limited (UK) in collaboration with Genos Limited (Croatia). 27743370 5 96 theme UPLC 1209:1212 arg1 profiles 1223:1230 UPLC glycomic profiles 1209:1230 UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications 1209:1264 Although liquid chromatography is a mature field and a number of methods have been developed for automatic peak detection outside the area of glycomics analysis, we found that hardly any of them are suitable for automatic integration of UPLC glycomic profiles without substantial modifications. 27743370 8 97 theme human 1661:1665 arg1 interference 1667:1678 minimal human interference 1653:1678 minimal human interference 1653:1678 Application of the tool requires minimal human interference, which results in a significant reduction in the time and cost of IgG glycomics signal integration using Waters Acquity UPLC instrument (Milford, MA, USA) in several human cohorts with blind technical replicas. 25439946 5 0 dep exhibit 743:749 arg1 G. 686:687 G. 686:687 G. 686:687 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 7 1 theme structural 1049:1058 arg1 features 1060:1067 distinctive morphological and structural features 1019:1067 distinctive morphological and structural features 1019:1067 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium showed distinctive morphological and structural features compared to that from glucose medium. 25439946 6 2 theme EPS 923:925 arg1 incorporation 906:918 significant incorporation 894:918 significant incorporation of EPS into the cellulose composites 894:955 Microscopic observation further confirmed significant incorporation of EPS into the cellulose composites. 25439946 5 3 theme Gluconacetobacter 658:674 arg1 hansenii 676:683 Gluconacetobacter hansenii 658:683 Gluconacetobacter hansenii 658:683 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 2 4 theme Gluconacetobacter 337:353 arg1 strain 355:360 Gluconacetobacter strain 337:360 Gluconacetobacter strain 337:360 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 4 5 theme cellulose 647:655 arg1 crystallization 628:642 the crystallization 624:642 the crystallization of cellulose 624:655 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 3 6 theme free 421:424 arg1 EPS 426:428 the free EPS 417:428 the free EPS 417:428 The carbon substrate also affected the composition of the free EPS. 25439946 4 7 theme exclusive 459:467 arg1 galactose 436:444 galactose 436:444 galactose 436:444 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 7 theme exclusive 459:467 arg1 source 476:481 an exclusive carbon source 456:481 an exclusive carbon source 456:481 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 8 dep xylinus 502:508 arg1 xylinus 502:508 Gluconacetobacter xylinus 484:508 Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 484:548 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 8 dep xylinus 502:508 arg1 ATCC 523:526 ATCC 53524 523:532 ATCC 53524 523:532 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 8 dep xylinus 502:508 arg1 ATCC 538:541 ATCC 700178 538:548 ATCC 700178 538:548 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 8 dep xylinus 502:508 arg1 xylinus 514:520 G. xylinus 511:520 G. xylinus 511:520 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 5 9 theme cellulose 777:785 arg1 properties 795:804 cellulose crystal properties 777:804 cellulose crystal properties 777:804 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 5 10 theme crystal 787:793 arg1 properties 795:804 cellulose crystal properties 777:804 cellulose crystal properties 777:804 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 5 11 theme significant 755:765 arg1 change 767:772 any significant change 751:772 any significant change in cellulose crystal properties 751:804 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 2 12 theme carbon 319:324 arg1 source 326:331 carbon source 319:331 carbon source 319:331 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 1 13 theme Gluconacetobacter 201:217 arg1 strains 219:225 four Gluconacetobacter strains 196:225 four Gluconacetobacter strains 196:225 This study characterized the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 7 14 theme morphological 1031:1043 arg1 features 1060:1067 distinctive morphological and structural features 1019:1067 distinctive morphological and structural features 1019:1067 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium showed distinctive morphological and structural features compared to that from glucose medium. 25439946 6 15 theme cellulose 936:944 arg1 composites 946:955 the cellulose composites 932:955 the cellulose composites 932:955 Microscopic observation further confirmed significant incorporation of EPS into the cellulose composites. 25439946 7 16 theme distinctive 1019:1029 arg1 features 1060:1067 distinctive morphological and structural features 1019:1067 distinctive morphological and structural features 1019:1067 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium showed distinctive morphological and structural features compared to that from glucose medium. 25439946 7 17 theme galactose 995:1003 arg1 medium 1005:1010 galactose medium 995:1010 galactose medium 995:1010 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium showed distinctive morphological and structural features compared to that from glucose medium. 25439946 3 18 theme EPS 426:428 arg1 composition 402:412 the composition 398:412 the composition of the free EPS 398:428 The carbon substrate also affected the composition of the free EPS. 25439946 0 19 theme cellulose 20:28 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of cellulose and other exopolysaccharides 0:57 Characterization of cellulose and other exopolysaccharides produced from Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 1 20 theme cellulosic 129:138 arg1 exopolysaccharides 159:176 the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides 125:176 the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains 125:225 This study characterized the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 1 20 theme cellulosic 129:138 arg1 EPS 179:181 EPS 179:181 EPS 179:181 This study characterized the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 0 21 theme exopolysaccharides 40:57 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of cellulose and other exopolysaccharides 0:57 Characterization of cellulose and other exopolysaccharides produced from Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 2 22 theme polysaccharides 280:294 arg1 yields 232:237 The yields 228:237 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 228:294 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 2 22 theme polysaccharides 280:294 arg1 dependent 301:309 dependent 301:309 dependent 301:309 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 0 23 theme other 34:38 arg1 exopolysaccharides 40:57 other exopolysaccharides 34:57 other exopolysaccharides 34:57 Characterization of cellulose and other exopolysaccharides produced from Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 4 24 theme alkaline 570:577 arg1 product 598:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 5 25 used used 825:828 arg2 galactose 811:819 galactose 811:819 galactose 811:819 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 5 25 used used 825:828 arg2 source 844:849 the carbon source 833:849 the carbon source 833:849 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 5 26 from change 767:772 arg1 properties 795:804 cellulose crystal properties 777:804 cellulose crystal properties 777:804 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 2 27 theme water-soluble 266:278 arg1 polysaccharides 280:294 bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 242:294 bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 242:294 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 4 28 theme distinct 561:568 arg1 product 598:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 6 29 theme significant 894:904 arg1 incorporation 906:918 significant incorporation 894:918 significant incorporation of EPS into the cellulose composites 894:955 Microscopic observation further confirmed significant incorporation of EPS into the cellulose composites. 25439946 5 30 theme carbon 837:842 arg1 galactose 811:819 galactose 811:819 galactose 811:819 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 5 30 theme carbon 837:842 arg1 source 844:849 the carbon source 833:849 the carbon source 833:849 Gluconacetobacter hansenii (G. hansenii) ATCC 23769 and ATCC 53582, however, did not exhibit any significant change in cellulose crystal properties when galactose was used as the carbon source. 25439946 4 31 theme crystalline 586:596 arg1 product 598:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 3 32 theme carbon 367:372 arg1 substrate 374:382 The carbon substrate 363:382 The carbon substrate 363:382 The carbon substrate also affected the composition of the free EPS. 25439946 2 33 theme bacterial 242:250 arg1 polysaccharides 280:294 bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 242:294 bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 242:294 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 2 34 theme cellulose 252:260 arg1 polysaccharides 280:294 bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 242:294 bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides 242:294 The yields of bacterial cellulose and water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on both carbon source and Gluconacetobacter strain. 25439946 7 35 theme glucose 1091:1097 arg1 medium 1099:1104 glucose medium 1091:1104 glucose medium 1091:1104 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium showed distinctive morphological and structural features compared to that from glucose medium. 25439946 1 36 theme non-cellulosic 144:157 arg1 exopolysaccharides 159:176 the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides 125:176 the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains 125:225 This study characterized the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 1 36 theme non-cellulosic 144:157 arg1 EPS 179:181 EPS 179:181 EPS 179:181 This study characterized the cellulosic and non-cellulosic exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by four Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 4 37 theme stable 579:584 arg1 product 598:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product 559:604 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 38 theme carbon 469:474 arg1 galactose 436:444 galactose 436:444 galactose 436:444 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 38 theme carbon 469:474 arg1 source 476:481 an exclusive carbon source 456:481 an exclusive carbon source 456:481 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 6 39 theme Microscopic 852:862 arg1 observation 864:874 Microscopic observation 852:874 Microscopic observation 852:874 Microscopic observation further confirmed significant incorporation of EPS into the cellulose composites. 25439946 4 40 theme Gluconacetobacter 484:500 arg1 ATCC 538:541 ATCC 700178 538:548 ATCC 700178 538:548 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 40 theme Gluconacetobacter 484:500 arg1 ATCC 523:526 ATCC 53524 523:532 ATCC 53524 523:532 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 4 40 theme Gluconacetobacter 484:500 arg1 xylinus 502:508 Gluconacetobacter xylinus 484:508 Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 484:548 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 25439946 7 41 theme cellulosic 962:971 arg1 network 973:979 The cellulosic network 958:979 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium 958:1010 The cellulosic network produced from galactose medium showed distinctive morphological and structural features compared to that from glucose medium. 25439946 0 42 theme Gluconacetobacter 73:89 arg1 strains 91:97 Gluconacetobacter strains 73:97 Gluconacetobacter strains 73:97 Characterization of cellulose and other exopolysaccharides produced from Gluconacetobacter strains. 25439946 4 43 dep produced 550:557 arg1 influenced 613:622 influenced 613:622 influenced the crystallization of cellulose 613:655 When galactose served as an exclusive carbon source, Gluconacetobacter xylinus (G. xylinus) ATCC 53524 and ATCC 700178 produced a distinct alkaline stable crystalline product, which influenced the crystallization of cellulose. 28189248 7 0 theme ζ-potential 1447:1457 arg1 values 1459:1464 their positive ζ-potential values 1432:1464 their positive ζ-potential values 1432:1464 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 6 1 theme reference 1216:1224 arg1 antibiotics 1226:1236 the reference antibiotics 1212:1236 the reference antibiotics 1212:1236 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 7 2 theme antifungal 1321:1330 arg1 activities 1332:1341 antibacterial and antifungal activities 1303:1341 activities 1332:1341 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 4 3 theme positive 759:766 arg1 regions 768:774 more positive regions 754:774 more positive regions 754:774 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) caused to shift the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions. 28189248 6 4 theme various 1068:1074 arg1 microorganisms 1131:1144 various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms 1068:1144 various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms 1068:1144 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 2 5 theme aqueous 339:345 arg1 medium 347:352 aqueous medium 339:352 aqueous medium 339:352 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 5 6 from effect 801:806 arg1 ζ-potential 811:821 ζ-potential 811:821 ζ-potential 811:821 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 6 7 theme bacterial 1076:1084 arg1 microorganisms 1131:1144 various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms 1068:1144 various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms 1068:1144 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 5 8 theme composites 830:839 arg1 effect 801:806 the most negative effect 783:806 the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites 783:839 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 5 9 theme /O-BNT 1006:1011 arg1 composite 1013:1021 /O-BNT composite 1006:1021 CS(3)/O-BNT composite 1001:1021 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 3 10 theme negative 537:544 arg1 ζ=+13mV 576:582 ζ=+13mV 576:582 ζ=+13mV 576:582 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 3 10 theme negative 537:544 arg1 region 568:573 negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region 537:573 negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) 537:583 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 1 11 theme chitosan/organo-bentonite 177:201 arg1 composites 228:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites 177:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions 177:273 In this study, chitosan (CS), Na+-bentonite (Na+-BNT) and chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions were investigated. 28189248 0 12 theme electrokinetic 9:22 arg1 properties 24:33 electrokinetic properties 9:33 electrokinetic properties 9:33 Enhanced electrokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities of biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites. 28189248 7 13 theme CS/O-BNT 1350:1357 arg1 composites 1359:1368 the CS/O-BNT composites 1346:1368 the CS/O-BNT composites 1346:1368 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 4 14 theme Divalent 662:669 arg1 BaCl2 688:692 BaCl2 688:692 BaCl2 688:692 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) caused to shift the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions. 28189248 4 14 theme Divalent 662:669 arg1 electrolyte 675:685 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte 662:685 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) 662:693 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) caused to shift the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 surfactants 411:421 surfactants 411:421 surfactants (CTAB and SDS) 411:436 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 temperature 443:453 temperature 443:453 temperature 443:453 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 NaCl 394:397 NaCl 394:397 NaCl 394:397 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 CTAB 424:427 CTAB 424:427 CTAB 424:427 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 BaCl2 403:407 BaCl2 403:407 BaCl2 403:407 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 effects 368:374 the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature 364:453 the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature 364:453 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 SDS 433:435 SDS 433:435 SDS 433:435 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 pH 376:377 pH 376:377 pH 376:377 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 15 dep effects 368:374 arg1 electrolytes 380:391 electrolytes 380:391 electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2) 380:408 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 4 16 theme dispersions 739:749 arg1 ζ-potentials 715:726 the ζ-potentials 711:726 the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions 711:774 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) caused to shift the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions. 28189248 1 17 theme CS/O-BNT 204:211 arg1 composites 228:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites 177:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions 177:273 In this study, chitosan (CS), Na+-bentonite (Na+-BNT) and chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions were investigated. 28189248 5 18 theme negative 792:799 arg1 effect 801:806 the most negative effect 783:806 the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites 783:839 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 2 19 dep electrolytes 380:391 arg1 NaCl 394:397 NaCl 394:397 NaCl 394:397 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 19 dep electrolytes 380:391 arg1 electrolytes 380:391 electrolytes 380:391 electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2) 380:408 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 19 dep electrolytes 380:391 arg1 BaCl2 403:407 BaCl2 403:407 BaCl2 403:407 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 6 20 theme various 1149:1155 arg1 concentrations 1157:1170 various concentrations 1149:1170 various concentrations 1149:1170 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 6 21 dep bacterial 1076:1084 arg1 Gram-negative 1105:1117 Gram-negative 1105:1117 Gram-negative 1105:1117 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 6 21 dep bacterial 1076:1084 arg1 Gram-positive 1087:1099 Gram-positive 1087:1099 Gram-positive 1087:1099 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 7 22 theme composites 1359:1368 arg1 activities 1332:1341 antibacterial and antifungal activities 1303:1341 activities 1332:1341 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 3 23 theme composite 632:640 arg1 structure 642:650 the composite structure 628:650 the composite structure as aimed 628:659 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 1 24 theme biodegradable 214:226 arg1 composites 228:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites 177:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions 177:273 In this study, chitosan (CS), Na+-bentonite (Na+-BNT) and chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions were investigated. 28189248 3 25 dep negative 537:544 arg1 to 556:557 to 556:557 to 556:557 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 3 25 dep negative 537:544 arg1 ζ=-35mV 547:553 ζ=-35mV 547:553 ζ=-35mV 547:553 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 3 25 dep negative 537:544 arg1 positive 559:566 positive 559:566 positive 559:566 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 5 26 theme positive 947:954 arg1 effect 956:961 the most positive effect 938:961 the most positive effect 938:961 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 7 27 with proportional 1414:1425 arg1 values 1459:1464 their positive ζ-potential values 1432:1464 their positive ζ-potential values 1432:1464 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 5 28 dep composite 927:935 arg1 1 918:918 1 918:918 1 918:918 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 0 29 theme antimicrobial 39:51 arg1 activities 53:62 antimicrobial activities 39:62 antimicrobial activities 39:62 Enhanced electrokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities of biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites. 28189248 0 30 theme biodegradable 67:79 arg1 composites 107:116 biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites 67:116 biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites 67:116 Enhanced electrokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities of biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites. 28189248 7 31 theme antibacterial 1303:1315 arg1 activities 1332:1341 antibacterial and antifungal activities 1303:1341 activities 1332:1341 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 7 32 theme CS 1400:1401 arg1 content 1403:1409 CS content 1400:1409 CS content 1400:1409 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 1 33 contain having 239:244 arg1 composites 228:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites 177:237 chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions 177:273 In this study, chitosan (CS), Na+-bentonite (Na+-BNT) and chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions were investigated. 28189248 1 33 contain having 239:244 arg2 compositions 262:273 three different compositions 246:273 three different compositions 246:273 In this study, chitosan (CS), Na+-bentonite (Na+-BNT) and chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions were investigated. 28189248 6 34 theme fungal 1124:1129 arg1 microorganisms 1131:1144 various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms 1068:1144 various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms 1068:1144 Further, the composites were tested against various bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal microorganisms at various concentrations and results obtained were compared with the reference antibiotics and fungicide. 28189248 3 35 theme initial 493:499 arg1 ζ-potential 501:511 the initial ζ-potential 489:511 the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT 489:522 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 2 36 dep surfactants 411:421 arg1 surfactants 411:421 surfactants 411:421 surfactants (CTAB and SDS) 411:436 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 36 dep surfactants 411:421 arg1 SDS 433:435 SDS 433:435 SDS 433:435 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 2 36 dep surfactants 411:421 arg1 CTAB 424:427 CTAB 424:427 CTAB 424:427 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 5 37 theme composite 927:935 arg1 value 881:885 the value 877:885 the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite 877:935 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 3 38 theme CS 614:615 arg1 content 617:623 polycationic CS content 601:623 polycationic CS content 601:623 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 5 39 dep CS 1001:1002 arg1 3 1004:1004 3 1004:1004 3 1004:1004 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 5 39 dep CS 1001:1002 arg1 composite 1013:1021 /O-BNT composite 1006:1021 CS(3)/O-BNT composite 1001:1021 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 5 40 theme /O-BNT 920:925 arg1 composite 927:935 ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite 890:935 ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite 890:935 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 2 41 theme Electrokinetic 294:307 arg1 measurements 309:320 Electrokinetic measurements 294:320 Electrokinetic measurements 294:320 Electrokinetic measurements were examined in aqueous medium by taking the effects pH, electrolytes (NaCl and BaCl2), surfactants (CTAB and SDS), and temperature into account. 28189248 5 42 theme ζ-potential 890:900 arg1 composite 927:935 ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite 890:935 ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite 890:935 While the most negative effect on ζ-potential of the composites was reached with SDS, which reduced the value of ζ-potential to -39mV for CS(1)/O-BNT composite, the most positive effect was monitored with CTAB (ζ=+40mV) for CS(3)/O-BNT composite. 28189248 1 43 theme different 252:260 arg1 compositions 262:273 three different compositions 246:273 three different compositions 246:273 In this study, chitosan (CS), Na+-bentonite (Na+-BNT) and chitosan/organo-bentonite (CS/O-BNT) biodegradable composites having three different compositions were investigated. 28189248 0 44 theme composites 107:116 arg1 properties 24:33 electrokinetic properties 9:33 electrokinetic properties 9:33 Enhanced electrokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities of biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites. 28189248 0 44 theme composites 107:116 arg1 activities 53:62 antimicrobial activities 39:62 antimicrobial activities 39:62 Enhanced electrokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities of biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites. 28189248 7 45 theme zone 1277:1280 arg1 values 1282:1287 inhibition zone values 1266:1287 inhibition zone values accomplished 1266:1300 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 3 46 theme Na+-BNT 516:522 arg1 ζ-potential 501:511 the initial ζ-potential 489:511 the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT 489:522 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 7 47 theme inhibition 1266:1275 arg1 values 1282:1287 inhibition zone values 1266:1287 inhibition zone values accomplished 1266:1300 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 0 48 theme chitosan/organo-bentonite 81:105 arg1 composites 107:116 biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites 67:116 biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites 67:116 Enhanced electrokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities of biodegradable chitosan/organo-bentonite composites. 28189248 7 49 theme positive 1438:1445 arg1 values 1459:1464 their positive ζ-potential values 1432:1464 their positive ζ-potential values 1432:1464 According to inhibition zone values accomplished, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the CS/O-BNT composites are increased with increasing CS content as proportional with their positive ζ-potential values. 28189248 3 50 theme polycationic 601:612 arg1 content 617:623 polycationic CS content 601:623 polycationic CS content 601:623 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 28189248 4 51 theme 2:1 671:673 arg1 BaCl2 688:692 BaCl2 688:692 BaCl2 688:692 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) caused to shift the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions. 28189248 4 51 theme 2:1 671:673 arg1 electrolyte 675:685 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte 662:685 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) 662:693 Divalent 2:1 electrolyte (BaCl2) caused to shift the ζ-potentials of all the dispersions to more positive regions. 28189248 3 52 dep structure 642:650 arg1 aimed 655:659 aimed 655:659 aimed 655:659 It was noticed that the initial ζ-potential of Na+-BNT shifted from negative (ζ=-35mV) to positive region (ζ=+13mV) with increasing polycationic CS content in the composite structure as aimed. 24507368 4 0 theme potential 621:629 arg1 applications 642:653 potential biomedical applications 621:653 potential biomedical applications 621:653 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 4 1 contain have 604:607 arg2 number 611:616 a number 609:616 a number of potential biomedical applications 609:653 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 4 1 contain have 604:607 arg1 fibers 597:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 4 2 theme applications 642:653 arg1 number 611:616 a number 609:616 a number of potential biomedical applications 609:653 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 1 3 theme Composite 73:81 arg1 fibers 98:103 Composite polysaccharide fibers 73:103 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, 73:190 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 0 4 theme Composite 0:8 arg1 fibers 25:30 Composite polysaccharide fibers 0:30 Composite polysaccharide fibers 0:30 Composite polysaccharide fibers prepared by electrospinning and coating. 24507368 4 5 theme biomedical 631:640 arg1 applications 642:653 potential biomedical applications 621:653 potential biomedical applications 621:653 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 3 6 theme swelling 535:542 arg1 ratio 544:548 the swelling ratio 531:548 the swelling ratio to 30% 531:555 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 3 7 theme coating 514:520 arg1 presence 480:487 the presence 476:487 the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating 476:520 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 1 8 theme polysaccharide 83:96 arg1 fibers 98:103 Composite polysaccharide fibers 73:103 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, 73:190 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 3 9 theme controlled 402:411 arg1 release 413:419 controlled release 402:419 controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline 402:469 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 2 10 theme electron 307:314 arg1 microscopy 316:325 scanning electron microscopy 298:325 scanning electron microscopy 298:325 The fiber size distribution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 24507368 3 11 theme 3-wt 492:495 arg1 % 496:496 % 496:496 % 496:496 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 0 12 theme polysaccharide 10:23 arg1 fibers 25:30 Composite polysaccharide fibers 0:30 Composite polysaccharide fibers 0:30 Composite polysaccharide fibers prepared by electrospinning and coating. 24507368 3 13 theme phosphate 445:453 arg1 saline 464:469 phosphate buffered saline 445:469 phosphate buffered saline 445:469 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 1 14 theme electrospinning 209:223 arg1 coating 240:246 electrospinning and subsequent coating 209:246 electrospinning and subsequent coating 209:246 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 3 15 theme hyaluronic 424:433 arg1 acid 435:438 hyaluronic acid 424:438 hyaluronic acid 424:438 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 3 16 theme acid 509:512 arg1 coating 514:520 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating 492:520 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating 492:520 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 3 17 theme acid 435:438 arg1 release 413:419 controlled release 402:419 controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline 402:469 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 3 18 theme Chitosan/hyaluronic 328:346 arg1 fibers 363:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers 328:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers 328:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 1 19 theme charged 129:135 arg1 chitosan 162:169 chitosan 162:169 chitosan 162:169 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 1 19 theme charged 129:135 arg1 acid 186:189 hyaluronic acid 175:189 hyaluronic acid 175:189 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 1 19 theme charged 129:135 arg1 polysaccharides 145:159 two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides 114:159 two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides 114:159 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 1 20 theme subsequent 229:238 arg1 coating 240:246 electrospinning and subsequent coating 209:246 electrospinning and subsequent coating 209:246 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 4 21 theme delivery 697:704 arg1 systems 706:712 drug delivery systems 692:712 drug delivery systems 692:712 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 3 22 theme % 496:496 arg1 acid 509:512 3-wt% hyaluronic acid 492:512 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating 492:520 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 4 23 theme resulting 562:570 arg1 fibers 597:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 2 24 theme size 259:262 arg1 distribution 264:275 The fiber size distribution 249:275 The fiber size distribution 249:275 The fiber size distribution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 24507368 3 25 theme hyaluronic 498:507 arg1 acid 509:512 3-wt% hyaluronic acid 492:512 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating 492:520 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 3 26 theme buffered 455:462 arg1 saline 464:469 phosphate buffered saline 445:469 phosphate buffered saline 445:469 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 2 27 theme fiber 253:257 arg1 distribution 264:275 The fiber size distribution 249:275 The fiber size distribution 249:275 The fiber size distribution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 24507368 1 28 theme natural 137:143 arg1 chitosan 162:169 chitosan 162:169 chitosan 162:169 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 1 28 theme natural 137:143 arg1 acid 186:189 hyaluronic acid 175:189 hyaluronic acid 175:189 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 1 28 theme natural 137:143 arg1 polysaccharides 145:159 two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides 114:159 two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides 114:159 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 4 29 theme polysaccharide 582:595 arg1 fibers 597:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 3 30 from stable 375:380 arg1 water 385:389 water 385:389 water 385:389 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 4 31 theme composite 572:580 arg1 fibers 597:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers 558:602 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 3 32 theme acid 348:351 arg1 fibers 363:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers 328:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers 328:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 2 33 theme scanning 298:305 arg1 microscopy 316:325 scanning electron microscopy 298:325 scanning electron microscopy 298:325 The fiber size distribution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. 24507368 4 34 theme wound 658:662 arg1 healing 664:670 wound healing 658:670 wound healing applications 658:683 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 3 35 theme composite 353:361 arg1 fibers 363:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers 328:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers 328:368 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 3 36 from water 385:389 arg1 stable 375:380 stable 375:380 stable 375:380 Chitosan/hyaluronic acid composite fibers were stable in water but showed controlled release of hyaluronic acid into phosphate buffered saline, and the presence of 3-wt% hyaluronic acid coating improved the swelling ratio to 30%. 24507368 4 37 theme drug 692:695 arg1 systems 706:712 drug delivery systems 692:712 drug delivery systems 692:712 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 24507368 1 38 theme hyaluronic 175:184 arg1 acid 186:189 hyaluronic acid 175:189 hyaluronic acid 175:189 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 1 38 theme hyaluronic 175:184 arg1 polysaccharides 145:159 two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides 114:159 two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides 114:159 Composite polysaccharide fibers composed two oppositely charged natural polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid, were prepared by electrospinning and subsequent coating. 24507368 4 39 theme healing 664:670 arg1 applications 672:683 wound healing applications 658:683 wound healing applications 658:683 The resulting composite polysaccharide fibers have a number of potential biomedical applications in wound healing applications and in drug delivery systems. 26050894 0 0 from extraction 19:28 arg1 nodosum 86:92 Ascophyllum nodosum 74:92 Ascophyllum nodosum 74:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 4 1 theme fucoidan 682:689 arg1 acid 646:649 glucuronic acid 635:649 glucuronic acid 635:649 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 1 theme fucoidan 682:689 arg1 monosaccharide 664:677 the main monosaccharide 655:677 the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight 655:735 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 5 2 theme reducing 911:918 arg1 power 920:924 reducing power 911:924 reducing power 911:924 All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. 26050894 4 3 theme fucoidan 770:777 arg1 content 749:755 sulfate content 741:755 sulfate content of extracted fucoidan 741:777 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 6 4 from seaweed 1073:1079 arg1 polysaccharides 1052:1066 extract sulfated polysaccharides 1035:1066 extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed 1035:1079 This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants. 26050894 4 5 theme molecular 720:728 arg1 weight 730:735 the molecular weight 716:735 the molecular weight 716:735 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 6 theme sulfate 741:747 arg1 content 749:755 sulfate content 741:755 sulfate content of extracted fucoidan 741:777 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 3 7 theme Compositional 439:451 arg1 analysis 453:460 Compositional analysis 439:460 Compositional analysis 439:460 Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. 26050894 2 8 theme temperature 289:299 arg1 conditions 275:284 Different conditions 265:284 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) 265:338 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 0 9 theme antioxidant 102:112 arg1 activity 114:121 its antioxidant activity 98:121 its antioxidant activity 98:121 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 4 10 theme glucuronic 635:644 arg1 acid 646:649 glucuronic acid 635:649 glucuronic acid 635:649 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 10 theme glucuronic 635:644 arg1 monosaccharide 664:677 the main monosaccharide 655:677 the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight 655:735 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 0 11 theme assisted 10:17 arg1 extraction 19:28 Microwave assisted extraction 0:28 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum 0:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 2 12 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 min 335:337 5-30 min 330:337 5-30 min 330:337 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 2 12 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 temperature 289:299 temperature 289:299 temperature (90-150°C) 289:310 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 2 12 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 time 324:327 extraction time 313:327 extraction time (5-30 min) 313:338 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 3 13 theme sulfated 538:545 arg1 polysaccharides 547:561 extracted sulfated polysaccharides 528:561 extracted sulfated polysaccharides 528:561 Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. 26050894 0 14 theme Microwave 0:8 arg1 extraction 19:28 Microwave assisted extraction 0:28 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum 0:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 1 15 dep brown 165:169 arg1 seaweed 171:177 seaweed 171:177 seaweed 171:177 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 2 16 theme fucoidan 367:374 arg1 yield 376:380 optimal fucoidan yield 359:380 optimal fucoidan yield 359:380 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 6 17 theme sulfated 1043:1050 arg1 polysaccharides 1052:1066 extract sulfated polysaccharides 1035:1066 extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed 1035:1079 This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants. 26050894 3 18 theme polysaccharides 547:561 arg1 characterization 508:523 characterization 508:523 characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides 508:561 Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. 26050894 4 19 theme extracted 760:768 arg1 fucoidan 770:777 extracted fucoidan 760:777 extracted fucoidan 760:777 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 0 20 from nodosum 86:92 arg1 extraction 19:28 Microwave assisted extraction 0:28 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum 0:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 0 20 from nodosum 86:92 arg1 polysaccharides 42:56 sulfated polysaccharides 33:56 sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum 33:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 0 20 from nodosum 86:92 arg1 fucoidan 59:66 fucoidan 59:66 fucoidan 59:66 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 0 20 from nodosum 86:92 arg1 activity 114:121 its antioxidant activity 98:121 its antioxidant activity 98:121 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 3 21 theme extracted 528:536 arg1 polysaccharides 547:561 extracted sulfated polysaccharides 528:561 extracted sulfated polysaccharides 528:561 Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. 26050894 2 22 theme optimal 359:365 arg1 yield 376:380 optimal fucoidan yield 359:380 optimal fucoidan yield 359:380 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 0 23 theme polysaccharides 42:56 arg1 extraction 19:28 Microwave assisted extraction 0:28 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum 0:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 0 23 theme polysaccharides 42:56 arg1 activity 114:121 its antioxidant activity 98:121 its antioxidant activity 98:121 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 6 24 theme natural 1141:1147 arg1 antioxidants 1149:1160 natural antioxidants 1141:1160 natural antioxidants 1141:1160 This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants. 26050894 5 25 theme antioxidant 853:863 arg1 activities 865:874 antioxidant activities 853:874 antioxidant activities 853:874 All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. 26050894 5 26 theme DPPH 891:894 arg1 scavenging 896:905 DPPH scavenging 891:905 DPPH scavenging 891:905 All fucoidans exhibited antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH scavenging and reducing power, among which fucoidan extracted at 90°C was highest. 26050894 1 27 theme microwave 217:225 arg1 technology 253:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 0 28 theme sulfated 33:40 arg1 polysaccharides 42:56 sulfated polysaccharides 33:56 sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum 33:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 0 28 theme sulfated 33:40 arg1 fucoidan 59:66 fucoidan 59:66 fucoidan 59:66 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 4 29 theme extraction 805:814 arg1 temperature 816:826 extraction temperature 805:826 extraction temperature 805:826 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 1 30 theme assisted 227:234 arg1 technology 253:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 0 31 from activity 114:121 arg1 nodosum 86:92 Ascophyllum nodosum 74:92 Ascophyllum nodosum 74:92 Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. 26050894 1 32 theme Sulfated 124:131 arg1 polysaccharides 133:147 Sulfated polysaccharides 124:147 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum 124:197 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 1 32 theme Sulfated 124:131 arg1 fucoidan 150:157 fucoidan 150:157 fucoidan 150:157 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 6 33 theme efficient 1011:1019 arg1 MAE 1001:1003 MAE 1001:1003 MAE 1001:1003 This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants. 26050894 6 33 theme efficient 1011:1019 arg1 technology 1021:1030 an efficient technology 1008:1030 an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed 1008:1079 This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants. 26050894 1 34 theme extraction 236:245 arg1 technology 253:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 2 35 theme Different 265:273 arg1 conditions 275:284 Different conditions 265:284 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) 265:338 Different conditions of temperature (90-150°C), extraction time (5-30 min) were evaluated and optimal fucoidan yield was 16.08%, obtained from 120°C for 15 min's extraction. 26050894 1 36 from nodosum 191:197 arg1 polysaccharides 133:147 Sulfated polysaccharides 124:147 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum 124:197 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 1 36 from nodosum 191:197 arg1 fucoidan 150:157 fucoidan 150:157 fucoidan 150:157 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 4 37 dep 150°C. 704:709 arg1 Both 711:714 Both 711:714 Both 711:714 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 38 theme main 579:582 arg1 monosaccharide 584:597 the main monosaccharide 575:597 the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C 575:627 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 38 theme main 579:582 arg1 Fucose 564:569 Fucose 564:569 Fucose 564:569 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 6 39 theme extract 1035:1041 arg1 polysaccharides 1052:1066 extract sulfated polysaccharides 1035:1066 extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed 1035:1079 This study shows that MAE is an efficient technology to extract sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed and Ascophyllum nodosum could potentially be a resource for natural antioxidants. 26050894 4 40 theme fucoidan 602:609 arg1 monosaccharide 584:597 the main monosaccharide 575:597 the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C 575:627 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 40 theme fucoidan 602:609 arg1 Fucose 564:569 Fucose 564:569 Fucose 564:569 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 3 41 theme IR 478:479 arg1 analysis 481:488 IR analysis 478:488 IR analysis 478:488 Compositional analysis, GPC, HPAEC and IR analysis were employed for characterization of extracted sulfated polysaccharides. 26050894 1 42 theme MAE 248:250 arg1 technology 253:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology 217:262 Sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum were extracted by microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technology. 26050894 4 43 theme main 659:662 arg1 acid 646:649 glucuronic acid 635:649 glucuronic acid 635:649 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26050894 4 43 theme main 659:662 arg1 monosaccharide 664:677 the main monosaccharide 655:677 the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight 655:735 Fucose was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 90°C while glucuronic acid was the main monosaccharide of fucoidan extracted at 150°C. Both the molecular weight and sulfate content of extracted fucoidan increased with decreasing extraction temperature. 26277747 6 0 theme natural 1279:1285 arg1 antioxidants 1287:1298 natural antioxidants 1279:1298 natural antioxidants 1279:1298 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 26277747 3 1 theme response 558:565 arg1 RSM 588:590 RSM 588:590 RSM 588:590 Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of DAP. 26277747 3 1 theme response 558:565 arg1 methodology 575:585 response surface methodology 558:585 response surface methodology (RSM) 558:591 Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of DAP. 26277747 0 2 from activity 12:19 arg1 roots 79:83 the roots 75:83 the roots of Dipsacus asperoides 75:106 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 3 3 theme surface 567:573 arg1 RSM 588:590 RSM 588:590 RSM 588:590 Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of DAP. 26277747 3 3 theme surface 567:573 arg1 methodology 575:585 response surface methodology 558:585 response surface methodology (RSM) 558:591 Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of DAP. 26277747 0 4 theme asperoides 97:106 arg1 roots 79:83 the roots 75:83 the roots of Dipsacus asperoides 75:106 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 1 5 theme strong 397:402 arg1 power 413:417 strong reducing power 397:417 strong reducing power 397:417 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 5 6 theme monosaccharide 1019:1032 arg1 compositions 1034:1045 the monosaccharide compositions 1015:1045 the monosaccharide compositions of DAP 1015:1052 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 1 7 dep Dipsacus 140:147 arg1 asperoides 149:158 asperoides 149:158 asperoides 149:158 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 5 8 theme high 945:948 arg1 HPLC 985:988 HPLC 985:988 HPLC 985:988 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 8 theme high 945:948 arg1 chromatography 969:982 high performance liquid chromatography 945:982 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 945:998 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 1 9 theme 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic 273:316 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 0 10 theme Dipsacus 88:95 arg1 asperoides 97:106 Dipsacus asperoides 88:106 Dipsacus asperoides 88:106 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 1 11 theme reducing 404:411 arg1 power 413:417 strong reducing power 397:417 strong reducing power 397:417 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 5 12 theme liquid 962:967 arg1 HPLC 985:988 HPLC 985:988 HPLC 985:988 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 12 theme liquid 962:967 arg1 chromatography 969:982 high performance liquid chromatography 945:982 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 945:998 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 1 13 from roots 160:164 arg1 extraction 124:133 Polysaccharide extraction 109:133 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) 109:170 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 4 14 theme ultrasonic 773:782 arg1 power 784:788 ultrasonic power 773:788 ultrasonic power 773:788 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 1 15 theme acid 318:321 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 5 16 theme chromatography 969:982 arg1 analysis 991:998 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 945:998 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 945:998 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 2 17 theme cells 538:542 arg1 injury 544:549 H2O2-induced L02 cells injury 521:549 H2O2-induced L02 cells injury 521:549 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 6 18 theme potential 1258:1266 arg1 sources 1268:1274 potential sources 1258:1274 potential sources of natural antioxidants 1258:1298 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 26277747 6 18 theme potential 1258:1266 arg1 DAP 1231:1233 DAP 1231:1233 DAP 1231:1233 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 26277747 4 19 theme maximum 889:895 arg1 89°C. 855:859 89°C. 855:859 89°C. Under these conditions 855:882 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 19 theme maximum 889:895 arg1 yield 897:901 the maximum yield 885:901 the maximum yield of DAP obtained 885:917 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 0 20 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 3 21 theme ultrasonic 621:630 arg1 extraction 632:641 the ultrasonic extraction 617:641 the ultrasonic extraction of DAP 617:648 Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of DAP. 26277747 1 22 theme ABTS 324:327 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 23 theme strong 194:199 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 23 theme strong 194:199 arg1 power 413:417 strong reducing power 397:417 strong reducing power 397:417 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 23 theme strong 194:199 arg1 activities 213:222 strong antioxidant activities 194:222 strong antioxidant activities 194:222 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 23 theme strong 194:199 arg1 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 235:263 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 235:263 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 235:270 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 23 theme strong 194:199 arg1 bleaching 383:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 24 contain possess 186:192 arg2 activities 213:222 strong antioxidant activities 194:222 strong antioxidant activities 194:222 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 24 contain possess 186:192 arg2 bleaching 383:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 24 contain possess 186:192 arg2 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 24 contain possess 186:192 arg2 power 413:417 strong reducing power 397:417 strong reducing power 397:417 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 24 contain possess 186:192 arg1 extraction 124:133 Polysaccharide extraction 109:133 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) 109:170 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 24 contain possess 186:192 arg2 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 235:263 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 235:263 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 235:270 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 25 theme Polysaccharide 109:122 arg1 extraction 124:133 Polysaccharide extraction 109:133 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) 109:170 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 26 theme antioxidant 201:211 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 26 theme antioxidant 201:211 arg1 power 413:417 strong reducing power 397:417 strong reducing power 397:417 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 26 theme antioxidant 201:211 arg1 activities 213:222 strong antioxidant activities 194:222 strong antioxidant activities 194:222 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 26 theme antioxidant 201:211 arg1 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 235:263 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 235:263 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 235:270 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 26 theme antioxidant 201:211 arg1 bleaching 383:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 0 27 theme extraction 41:50 arg1 optimization 25:36 optimization 25:36 optimization 25:36 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 0 27 theme extraction 41:50 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 1 28 theme radical 330:336 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 0 29 from roots 79:83 arg1 extraction 41:50 extraction 41:50 extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides 41:106 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 0 29 from roots 79:83 arg1 optimization 25:36 optimization 25:36 optimization 25:36 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 0 29 from roots 79:83 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 3 30 theme DAP 646:648 arg1 extraction 632:641 the ultrasonic extraction 617:641 the ultrasonic extraction of DAP 617:648 Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of DAP. 26277747 2 31 theme L02 534:536 arg1 injury 544:549 H2O2-induced L02 cells injury 521:549 H2O2-induced L02 cells injury 521:549 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 1 32 theme scavenging 338:347 arg1 activities 349:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities 273:358 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 glucose 1091:1097 glucose 1091:1097 glucose 1091:1097 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 mannose 1074:1080 mannose 1074:1080 mannose 1074:1080 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 galactose 1100:1108 galactose 1100:1108 galactose 1100:1108 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 ribose 1083:1088 ribose 1083:1088 ribose 1083:1088 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 xylose 1111:1116 xylose 1111:1116 xylose 1111:1116 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg2 arabinose 1122:1130 arabinose 1122:1130 arabinose 1122:1130 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 33 contain contained 1054:1062 arg1 compositions 1034:1045 the monosaccharide compositions 1015:1045 the monosaccharide compositions of DAP 1015:1052 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 2 34 theme crude 453:457 arg1 DAP 459:461 the crude DAP 449:461 the crude DAP 449:461 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 2 34 theme crude 453:457 arg1 effective 503:511 effective 503:511 effective 503:511 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 0 35 theme polysaccharide 55:68 arg1 extraction 41:50 extraction 41:50 extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides 41:106 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 5 36 theme 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41 1155:1183 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 a molar ratio 1138:1150 a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41 1138:1183 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 4 37 theme extraction 831:840 arg1 temperature 842:852 extraction temperature 831:852 extraction temperature 831:852 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 time 811:814 extraction time 800:814 extraction time 800:814 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 temperature 842:852 extraction temperature 831:852 extraction temperature 831:852 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 89°C. 855:859 89°C. 855:859 89°C. Under these conditions 855:882 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 power 784:788 ultrasonic power 773:788 ultrasonic power 773:788 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 38.61min 817:824 38.61min 817:824 38.61min 817:824 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 308.68W 791:797 308.68W 791:797 308.68W 791:797 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 ratio 730:734 ratio 730:734 ratio of water to raw material 730:759 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 38 theme water 739:743 arg1 38.61mL/g 762:770 38.61mL/g 762:770 38.61mL/g 762:770 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 5 39 theme molar 1140:1144 arg1 ratio 1146:1150 a molar ratio 1138:1150 a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41 1138:1183 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 1 40 theme β-carotene 372:381 arg1 bleaching 383:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 6 41 theme study 1213:1217 arg1 results 1190:1196 The results 1186:1196 The results of the present study 1186:1217 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 26277747 1 42 theme inhibiting 361:370 arg1 bleaching 383:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 inhibiting β-carotene bleaching 361:391 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 4 43 theme DAP 906:908 arg1 89°C. 855:859 89°C. 855:859 89°C. Under these conditions 855:882 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 43 theme DAP 906:908 arg1 yield 897:901 the maximum yield 885:901 the maximum yield of DAP obtained 885:917 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 5 44 theme DAP 1050:1052 arg1 compositions 1034:1045 the monosaccharide compositions 1015:1045 the monosaccharide compositions of DAP 1015:1052 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 4 45 theme extraction 800:809 arg1 time 811:814 extraction time 800:814 extraction time 800:814 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 1 46 theme Dipsacus 140:147 arg1 DAP 167:169 DAP 167:169 DAP 167:169 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 1 46 theme Dipsacus 140:147 arg1 roots 160:164 Dipsacus asperoides roots 140:164 Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) 140:170 Polysaccharide extraction from Dipsacus asperoides roots (DAP) was proved to possess strong antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, inhibiting β-carotene bleaching and strong reducing power. 26277747 4 47 theme optimum 655:661 arg1 variables 663:671 The optimum variables 651:671 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) 651:711 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 6 48 theme antioxidants 1287:1298 arg1 sources 1268:1274 potential sources 1258:1274 potential sources of natural antioxidants 1258:1298 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 26277747 6 48 theme antioxidants 1287:1298 arg1 DAP 1231:1233 DAP 1231:1233 DAP 1231:1233 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 26277747 2 49 contain possessed 463:471 arg1 DAP 459:461 the crude DAP 449:461 the crude DAP 449:461 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 2 49 contain possessed 463:471 arg1 effective 503:511 effective 503:511 effective 503:511 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 2 49 contain possessed 463:471 arg2 activity 485:492 antioxidant activity 473:492 antioxidant activity 473:492 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 5 50 theme performance 950:960 arg1 HPLC 985:988 HPLC 985:988 HPLC 985:988 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 5 50 theme performance 950:960 arg1 chromatography 969:982 high performance liquid chromatography 945:982 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 945:998 Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested that the monosaccharide compositions of DAP contained primarily mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose, xylose and arabinose, with a molar ratio of 0.22:0.48:2.29:0.34:1.39:1.41. 26277747 4 51 theme raw 748:750 arg1 material 752:759 raw material 748:759 raw material 748:759 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 52 theme composite 690:698 arg1 CCD 708:710 CCD 708:710 CCD 708:710 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 52 theme composite 690:698 arg1 design 700:705 central composite design 682:705 central composite design (CCD) 682:711 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 2 53 theme antioxidant 473:483 arg1 activity 485:492 antioxidant activity 473:492 antioxidant activity 473:492 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 2 54 theme Cell 420:423 arg1 assay 425:429 Cell assay 420:429 Cell assay 420:429 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 2 55 theme H2O2-induced 521:532 arg1 injury 544:549 H2O2-induced L02 cells injury 521:549 H2O2-induced L02 cells injury 521:549 Cell assay demonstrated that the crude DAP possessed antioxidant activity and were effective against H2O2-induced L02 cells injury. 26277747 0 56 from optimization 25:36 arg1 roots 79:83 the roots 75:83 the roots of Dipsacus asperoides 75:106 Antioxidant activity and optimization of extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of Dipsacus asperoides. 26277747 4 57 theme central 682:688 arg1 CCD 708:710 CCD 708:710 CCD 708:710 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 4 57 theme central 682:688 arg1 design 700:705 central composite design 682:705 central composite design (CCD) 682:711 The optimum variables given by central composite design (CCD) were as follows: ratio of water to raw material, 38.61mL/g; ultrasonic power, 308.68W; extraction time, 38.61min; and extraction temperature, 89°C. Under these conditions, the maximum yield of DAP obtained was 7.12±0.45%. 26277747 6 58 theme present 1205:1211 arg1 study 1213:1217 the present study 1201:1217 the present study 1201:1217 The results of the present study showed that DAP could be considered as potential sources of natural antioxidants. 28258313 0 0 theme reuteri 95:101 arg1 enzymes 70:76 glucansucrase enzymes 56:76 glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri 56:101 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 2 1 theme GtfA-ΔN 472:478 arg1 incubation 458:467 prolonged incubation 448:467 prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose 448:518 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 3 2 theme 1→4 700:702 arg1 -α-D-Glcp-catechol 704:721 α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol 690:721 α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol 690:721 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 3 2 theme 1→4 700:702 arg1 substrates 732:741 donor substrates 726:741 donor substrates 726:741 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 3 2 theme 1→4 700:702 arg1 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 5 3 dep L. 1160:1161 arg1 reuteri 1163:1169 reuteri 1163:1169 reuteri 1163:1169 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 4 4 theme sucrose 853:859 arg1 absence 842:848 the absence 838:848 the absence of sucrose 838:859 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 5 5 theme catechol 1271:1278 arg1 glucosides 1280:1289 catechol glucosides 1271:1289 catechol glucosides 1271:1289 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 4 6 theme catechol 944:951 arg1 glucosides 953:962 catechol glucosides 944:962 catechol glucosides 944:962 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 3 7 theme α-D-Glcp- 690:698 arg1 -α-D-Glcp-catechol 704:721 α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol 690:721 α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol 690:721 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 3 7 theme α-D-Glcp- 690:698 arg1 substrates 732:741 donor substrates 726:741 donor substrates 726:741 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 3 7 theme α-D-Glcp- 690:698 arg1 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 4 8 theme polymerization 1052:1065 arg1 degree 1042:1047 a degree 1040:1047 a degree of polymerization of 4 1040:1070 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 2 9 theme 1000 mM 504:510 arg1 sucrose 512:518 1000 mM sucrose 504:518 1000 mM sucrose 504:518 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 5 10 theme other 1082:1086 arg1 glucansucrases 1088:1101 two other glucansucrases 1078:1101 two other glucansucrases tested 1078:1108 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 5 10 theme other 1082:1086 arg1 Gtf180-ΔN 1111:1119 Gtf180-ΔN 1111:1119 Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1 1111:1173 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 1 11 theme catechol 290:297 arg1 glucosides 299:308 catechol glucosides 290:308 catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016) 290:401 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 1 12 dep attached 341:348 arg1 Poele 354:358 Poele 354:358 Poele 354:358 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 1 12 dep attached 341:348 arg1 units 335:339 up to five glucosyl units 315:339 up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016) 315:401 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 6 13 theme donor 1335:1339 arg1 substrate 1341:1349 donor substrate 1335:1349 donor substrate 1335:1349 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 1 14 theme Lactobacillus 171:183 arg1 121 193:195 Lactobacillus reuteri 121 171:195 Lactobacillus reuteri 121 171:195 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 3 15 theme sugar 818:822 arg1 oligomers 824:832 sugar oligomers 818:832 sugar oligomers 818:832 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 1 16 dep five 321:324 arg1 to 318:319 to 318:319 to 318:319 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 4 17 dep donor 901:905 arg1 substrate 920:928 substrate 920:928 substrate 920:928 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 4 17 dep donor 901:905 arg1 both 893:896 both 893:896 both 893:896 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 3 18 theme donor 726:730 arg1 -α-D-Glcp-catechol 704:721 α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol 690:721 α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol 690:721 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 3 18 theme donor 726:730 arg1 substrates 732:741 donor substrates 726:741 donor substrates 726:741 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 3 18 theme donor 726:730 arg1 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 α-D-Glcp-catechol 668:684 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 1 19 theme 121 193:195 arg1 enzyme 161:166 the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme 135:166 the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme 135:166 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 0 20 theme Catechol 0:7 arg1 substrates 42:51 donor/acceptor substrates 27:51 donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri 27:101 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 0 20 theme Catechol 0:7 arg1 glucosides 9:18 Catechol glucosides 0:18 Catechol glucosides 0:18 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 1 21 dep Poele 354:358 arg1 al. 363:365 te Poele et al. 351:365 te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946 351:394 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 6 22 dep compounds 1427:1435 arg1 gallate 1471:1477 ethyl gallate 1465:1477 ethyl gallate 1465:1477 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 22 dep compounds 1427:1435 arg1 compounds 1427:1435 the phenolic compounds 1414:1435 the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate 1414:1477 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 22 dep compounds 1427:1435 arg1 resorcinol 1449:1458 resorcinol 1449:1458 resorcinol 1449:1458 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 22 dep compounds 1427:1435 arg1 pyrogallol 1437:1446 pyrogallol 1437:1446 pyrogallol 1437:1446 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 1 23 with glucosides 299:308 arg1 Poele 354:358 Poele 354:358 Poele 354:358 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 1 23 with glucosides 299:308 arg1 units 335:339 up to five glucosyl units 315:339 up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016) 315:401 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 3 24 theme other 777:781 arg1 molecules 802:810 other catechol glycoside molecules 777:810 other catechol glycoside molecules 777:810 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 4 25 used used 870:873 arg2 GtfA-ΔN 862:868 GtfA-ΔN 862:868 GtfA-ΔN 862:868 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 6 26 theme glucansucrase 1362:1374 arg1 enzymes 1376:1382 the three glucansucrase enzymes 1352:1382 the three glucansucrase enzymes 1352:1382 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 2 27 theme present 411:417 arg1 study 419:423 the present study 407:423 the present study 407:423 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 6 28 theme ethyl 1465:1469 arg1 gallate 1471:1477 ethyl gallate 1465:1477 ethyl gallate 1465:1477 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 28 theme ethyl 1465:1469 arg1 compounds 1427:1435 the phenolic compounds 1414:1435 the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate 1414:1477 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 5 29 from reuteri 1129:1135 arg1 glucansucrases 1088:1101 two other glucansucrases 1078:1101 two other glucansucrases tested 1078:1108 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 5 29 from reuteri 1129:1135 arg1 Gtf180-ΔN 1111:1119 Gtf180-ΔN 1111:1119 Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1 1111:1173 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 3 30 theme glucansucrase 636:648 arg1 GtfA-ΔN 650:656 this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN 631:656 this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN 631:656 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 2 31 theme prolonged 448:456 arg1 incubation 458:467 prolonged incubation 448:467 prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose 448:518 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 3 32 used used 658:661 arg2 GtfA-ΔN 650:656 this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN 631:656 this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN 631:656 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 0 33 theme donor/acceptor 27:40 arg1 substrates 42:51 donor/acceptor substrates 27:51 donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri 27:101 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 0 33 theme donor/acceptor 27:40 arg1 glucosides 9:18 Catechol glucosides 0:18 Catechol glucosides 0:18 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 3 34 theme sucrose 622:628 arg1 depletion 609:617 depletion 609:617 depletion of sucrose 609:628 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 0 35 theme glucansucrase 56:68 arg1 enzymes 70:76 glucansucrase enzymes 56:76 glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri 56:101 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 1 36 theme glucosyl 326:333 arg1 Poele 354:358 Poele 354:358 Poele 354:358 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 1 36 theme glucosyl 326:333 arg1 units 335:339 up to five glucosyl units 315:339 up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016) 315:401 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 5 37 dep reuteri 1129:1135 arg1 GtfML1-ΔN 1145:1153 GtfML1-ΔN 1145:1153 GtfML1-ΔN 1145:1153 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 5 37 dep reuteri 1129:1135 arg1 180 1137:1139 180 1137:1139 180 1137:1139 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 1 38 dep Lactobacillus 171:183 arg1 reuteri 185:191 reuteri 185:191 reuteri 185:191 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 5 39 used used 1176:1179 arg2 Gtf180-ΔN 1111:1119 Gtf180-ΔN 1111:1119 Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1 1111:1173 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 5 39 used used 1176:1179 arg2 glucansucrases 1088:1101 two other glucansucrases 1078:1101 two other glucansucrases tested 1078:1108 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 3 40 theme glucose 761:767 arg1 unit 769:772 a glucose unit 759:772 a glucose unit 759:772 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 4 41 dep 10 974:975 arg1 to 971:972 to 971:972 to 971:972 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 6 42 used used 1512:1515 arg2 substrates 1535:1544 donor/acceptor substrates 1520:1544 donor/acceptor substrates 1520:1544 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 42 used used 1512:1515 arg2 mono-glucosides 1491:1505 these mono-glucosides 1485:1505 these mono-glucosides 1485:1505 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 43 theme phenolic 1418:1425 arg1 gallate 1471:1477 ethyl gallate 1465:1477 ethyl gallate 1465:1477 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 43 theme phenolic 1418:1425 arg1 compounds 1427:1435 the phenolic compounds 1414:1435 the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate 1414:1477 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 43 theme phenolic 1418:1425 arg1 pyrogallol 1437:1446 pyrogallol 1437:1446 pyrogallol 1437:1446 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 4 44 theme 4 1070:1070 arg1 polymerization 1052:1065 polymerization 1052:1065 polymerization of 4 1052:1070 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 6 45 theme donor/acceptor 1520:1533 arg1 substrates 1535:1544 donor/acceptor substrates 1520:1544 donor/acceptor substrates 1520:1544 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 6 45 theme donor/acceptor 1520:1533 arg1 mono-glucosides 1491:1505 these mono-glucosides 1485:1505 these mono-glucosides 1485:1505 With sucrose as donor substrate, the three glucansucrase enzymes also efficiently glucosylated the phenolic compounds pyrogallol, resorcinol, and ethyl gallate; also these mono-glucosides were used as donor/acceptor substrates. 28258313 5 46 theme donor/acceptor 1227:1240 arg1 substrate 1242:1250 donor/acceptor substrate 1227:1250 donor/acceptor substrate 1227:1250 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 2 47 theme 50 mM 485:489 arg1 catechol 491:498 50 mM catechol 485:498 50 mM catechol 485:498 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 1 48 theme glucansucrase 139:151 arg1 enzyme 161:166 the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme 135:166 the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme 135:166 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 5 49 theme L. 1160:1161 arg1 ML1 1171:1173 L. reuteri ML1 1160:1173 L. reuteri ML1 1160:1173 Also two other glucansucrases tested, Gtf180-ΔN from L. reuteri 180 and GtfML1-ΔN from L. reuteri ML1, used α-D-Glcp-catechol and di-glucosyl-catechol as donor/acceptor substrate to synthesize both catechol glucosides and gluco-oligosaccharides. 28258313 3 50 theme catechol 783:790 arg1 molecules 802:810 other catechol glycoside molecules 777:810 other catechol glycoside molecules 777:810 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 28258313 0 51 theme enzymes 70:76 arg1 substrates 42:51 donor/acceptor substrates 27:51 donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri 27:101 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 0 51 theme enzymes 70:76 arg1 glucosides 9:18 Catechol glucosides 0:18 Catechol glucosides 0:18 Catechol glucosides act as donor/acceptor substrates of glucansucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri. 28258313 4 52 theme glucose 977:983 arg1 units 985:989 2 to 10 glucose units 969:989 2 to 10 glucose units 969:989 In the absence of sucrose, GtfA-ΔN used α-D-Glcp-catechol both as donor and acceptor substrate to synthesize catechol glucosides with 2 to 10 glucose units attached and formed gluco-oligosaccharides up to a degree of polymerization of 4. 28258313 2 53 with incubation 458:467 arg1 catechol 491:498 50 mM catechol 485:498 50 mM catechol 485:498 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 2 53 with incubation 458:467 arg1 sucrose 512:518 1000 mM sucrose 504:518 1000 mM sucrose 504:518 In the present study, we observed that upon prolonged incubation of GtfA-ΔN with 50 mM catechol and 1000 mM sucrose, all catechol had become completely glucosylated and then started to reappear. 28258313 1 54 theme GtfA-ΔN 153:159 arg1 enzyme 161:166 the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme 135:166 the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme 135:166 Previously, we have shown that the glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121, incubated with sucrose, efficiently glucosylated catechol and we structurally characterized catechol glucosides with up to five glucosyl units attached (te Poele et al. in Bioconjug Chem 27:937-946, 2016). 28258313 3 55 theme glycoside 792:800 arg1 molecules 802:810 other catechol glycoside molecules 777:810 other catechol glycoside molecules 777:810 Following depletion of sucrose, this glucansucrase GtfA-ΔN used both α-D-Glcp-catechol and α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-α-D-Glcp-catechol as donor substrates and transferred a glucose unit to other catechol glycoside molecules or to sugar oligomers. 24507309 4 0 theme CZE 656:658 arg1 method 660:665 The optimized CZE method 642:665 The optimized CZE method 642:665 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 3 1 dep separated 617:625 arg1 baseline 608:615 baseline 608:615 baseline 608:615 The 10 PMP-labeled monosaccharides were rapidly baseline separated within 20 min. 24507309 4 2 theme monosaccharide 749:762 arg1 composition 764:774 the monosaccharide composition 745:774 the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs) 745:868 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 1 3 theme uronic 270:275 arg1 acids 277:281 uronic acids 270:281 uronic acids 270:281 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 2 4 theme borate 489:494 arg1 buffer 496:501 175 mM borate buffer 482:501 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE 482:557 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 4 theme borate 489:494 arg1 nm 465:466 245 nm 461:466 245 nm with pH 11.0 461:479 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 0 5 from Analysis 0:7 arg1 polysaccharides 52:66 fungus polysaccharides 45:66 fungus polysaccharides 45:66 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 2 6 with nm 465:466 arg1 pH 473:474 pH 11.0 473:479 pH 11.0 473:479 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 6 7 theme polysaccharides 1150:1164 arg1 analysis 1131:1138 the monosaccharide analysis 1112:1138 the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides 1112:1164 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 24507309 2 8 theme mM 486:487 arg1 buffer 496:501 175 mM borate buffer 482:501 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE 482:557 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 8 theme mM 486:487 arg1 nm 465:466 245 nm 461:466 245 nm with pH 11.0 461:479 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 6 9 theme fungus 1143:1148 arg1 polysaccharides 1150:1164 fungus polysaccharides 1143:1164 fungus polysaccharides 1143:1164 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 24507309 4 10 from identification 727:740 arg1 polysaccharides 804:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides 779:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) 779:825 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 10 from identification 727:740 arg1 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 10 from identification 727:740 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides 831:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs) 831:868 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 5 11 theme quantitative 875:886 arg1 recovery 888:895 The quantitative recovery 871:895 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides 871:958 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 5 12 theme monosaccharides 914:928 arg1 recovery 888:895 The quantitative recovery 871:895 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides 871:958 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 2 13 theme 175 482:484 arg1 mM 486:487 mM 486:487 mM 486:487 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 0 14 from polysaccharides 52:66 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 0:101 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 5 15 theme component 904:912 arg1 monosaccharides 914:928 the component monosaccharides 900:928 the component monosaccharides 900:928 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 2 16 theme 50 417:418 arg1 μm 420:421 μm 420:421 μm 420:421 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 4 17 from separation 712:721 arg1 polysaccharides 804:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides 779:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) 779:825 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 17 from separation 712:721 arg1 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 17 from separation 712:721 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides 831:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs) 831:868 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 6 18 theme monosaccharide 1116:1129 arg1 analysis 1131:1138 the monosaccharide analysis 1112:1138 the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides 1112:1164 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 24507309 5 19 theme % 990:990 arg1 range 971:975 the range 967:975 the range of 92.0-101.0% 967:990 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 5 20 theme fungus 937:942 arg1 polysaccharides 944:958 the fungus polysaccharides 933:958 the fungus polysaccharides 933:958 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 4 21 dep Panus 831:835 arg1 giganteus 837:845 giganteus 837:845 giganteus 837:845 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 2 22 from °C 549:550 arg1 buffer 496:501 175 mM borate buffer 482:501 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE 482:557 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 22 from °C 549:550 arg1 nm 465:466 245 nm 461:466 245 nm with pH 11.0 461:479 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 4 23 theme Panus 831:835 arg1 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 23 theme Panus 831:835 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides 831:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs) 831:868 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 1 24 theme rapid 105:109 arg1 method 122:127 A rapid analytical method 103:127 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 103:167 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 1 25 theme simultaneous 193:204 arg1 separation 206:215 simultaneous separation 193:215 simultaneous separation 193:215 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 0 26 theme monosaccharides 26:40 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 0:101 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 4 27 theme Termitomyces 779:790 arg1 polysaccharides 804:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides 779:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) 779:825 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 1 28 theme analytical 111:120 arg1 method 122:127 A rapid analytical method 103:127 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 103:167 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 0 29 theme compositional 12:24 arg1 monosaccharides 26:40 compositional monosaccharides 12:40 compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides 12:66 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 2 30 theme voltage 506:512 arg1 kV 517:518 voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C 506:550 kV 517:518 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 4 31 theme simultaneous 699:710 arg1 separation 712:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 2 32 theme × 428:428 arg1 cm 435:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 32 theme × 428:428 arg1 capillary 406:414 an uncoated capillary 394:414 an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) 394:437 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 0 33 theme fungus 45:50 arg1 polysaccharides 52:66 fungus polysaccharides 45:66 fungus polysaccharides 45:66 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 4 34 dep polysaccharides 804:818 arg1 TAPs 821:824 TAPs 821:824 TAPs 821:824 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 2 35 theme uncoated 397:404 arg1 cm 435:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 35 theme uncoated 397:404 arg1 capillary 406:414 an uncoated capillary 394:414 an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) 394:437 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 36 theme i.d. 423:426 arg1 cm 435:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 36 theme i.d. 423:426 arg1 capillary 406:414 an uncoated capillary 394:414 an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) 394:437 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 4 37 dep Termitomyces 779:790 arg1 albuminosus 792:802 albuminosus 792:802 albuminosus 792:802 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 2 38 from kV 517:518 arg1 buffer 496:501 175 mM borate buffer 482:501 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE 482:557 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 38 from kV 517:518 arg1 nm 465:466 245 nm 461:466 245 nm with pH 11.0 461:479 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 5 39 theme CV 1000:1001 arg1 lower 1013:1017 lower 1013:1017 lower 1013:1017 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 5 39 theme CV 1000:1001 arg1 value 1003:1007 the CV value 996:1007 the CV value 996:1007 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 2 40 theme μm 420:421 arg1 cm 435:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm 417:436 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 40 theme μm 420:421 arg1 capillary 406:414 an uncoated capillary 394:414 an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) 394:437 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 2 41 theme temperature 534:544 arg1 °C 549:550 voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C 506:550 °C 549:550 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 1 42 dep monosaccharides 241:255 arg1 aldoses 258:264 aldoses 258:264 aldoses 258:264 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 1 42 dep monosaccharides 241:255 arg1 acids 277:281 uronic acids 270:281 uronic acids 270:281 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 4 43 from polysaccharides 847:861 arg1 identification 727:740 identification 727:740 identification 727:740 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 43 from polysaccharides 847:861 arg1 separation 712:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 2 44 theme capillary 524:532 arg1 °C 549:550 voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C 506:550 °C 549:550 The monosaccharides were labeled with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), and subsequently separated using an uncoated capillary (50 μm i.d. × 58.5 cm) and detected by UV at 245 nm with pH 11.0, 175 mM borate buffer at voltage 20 kV and capillary temperature 25 °C by CZE. 24507309 4 45 from polysaccharides 804:818 arg1 identification 727:740 identification 727:740 identification 727:740 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 45 from polysaccharides 804:818 arg1 separation 712:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 1 46 theme capillary 132:140 arg1 CZE 164:166 CZE 164:166 CZE 164:166 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 1 46 theme capillary 132:140 arg1 electrophoresis 147:161 capillary zone electrophoresis 132:161 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 132:167 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 4 47 theme composition 764:774 arg1 identification 727:740 identification 727:740 identification 727:740 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 47 theme composition 764:774 arg1 separation 712:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 the simultaneous separation 695:721 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 5 48 from recovery 888:895 arg1 polysaccharides 944:958 the fungus polysaccharides 933:958 the fungus polysaccharides 933:958 The quantitative recovery of the component monosaccharides in the fungus polysaccharides was in the range of 92.0-101.0% and the CV value was lower than 3.5%. 24507309 1 49 theme zone 142:145 arg1 CZE 164:166 CZE 164:166 CZE 164:166 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 1 49 theme zone 142:145 arg1 electrophoresis 147:161 capillary zone electrophoresis 132:161 capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 132:167 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 4 50 theme optimized 646:654 arg1 method 660:665 The optimized CZE method 642:665 The optimized CZE method 642:665 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 3 51 theme PMP-labeled 567:577 arg1 monosaccharides 579:593 The 10 PMP-labeled monosaccharides 560:593 The 10 PMP-labeled monosaccharides 560:593 The 10 PMP-labeled monosaccharides were rapidly baseline separated within 20 min. 24507309 1 52 theme electrophoresis 147:161 arg1 method 122:127 A rapid analytical method 103:127 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 103:167 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 1 53 theme monosaccharides 241:255 arg1 determination 221:233 determination 221:233 determination 221:233 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 1 53 theme monosaccharides 241:255 arg1 separation 206:215 simultaneous separation 193:215 simultaneous separation 193:215 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 0 54 theme zone 81:84 arg1 electrophoresis 86:100 capillary zone electrophoresis 71:100 capillary zone electrophoresis 71:100 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 1 55 dep separation 206:215 arg1 the 189:191 the 189:191 the 189:191 A rapid analytical method of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was established for the simultaneous separation and determination of 10 monosaccharides (aldoses and uronic acids). 24507309 6 56 theme CZE 1072:1074 arg1 precise 1086:1092 precise 1086:1092 precise 1086:1092 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 24507309 6 56 theme CZE 1072:1074 arg1 method 1076:1081 the proposed CZE method 1059:1081 the proposed CZE method 1059:1081 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 24507309 0 57 theme capillary 71:79 arg1 electrophoresis 86:100 capillary zone electrophoresis 71:100 capillary zone electrophoresis 71:100 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 0 58 from monosaccharides 26:40 arg1 polysaccharides 52:66 fungus polysaccharides 45:66 fungus polysaccharides 45:66 Analysis of compositional monosaccharides in fungus polysaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis. 24507309 4 59 from composition 764:774 arg1 polysaccharides 804:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides 779:818 Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) 779:825 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 59 from composition 764:774 arg1 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 PGPs 864:867 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 4 59 from composition 764:774 arg1 polysaccharides 847:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides 831:861 Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs) 831:868 The optimized CZE method was successfully applied to the simultaneous separation and identification of the monosaccharide composition in Termitomyces albuminosus polysaccharides (TAPs) and Panus giganteus polysaccharides (PGPs). 24507309 6 60 theme proposed 1063:1070 arg1 precise 1086:1092 precise 1086:1092 precise 1086:1092 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 24507309 6 60 theme proposed 1063:1070 arg1 method 1076:1081 the proposed CZE method 1059:1081 the proposed CZE method 1059:1081 The results demonstrate that the proposed CZE method is precise and practical for the monosaccharide analysis of fungus polysaccharides. 25014402 9 0 theme existing 1558:1565 arg1 GLYCOVIS 1577:1584 GLYCOVIS 1577:1584 GLYCOVIS 1577:1584 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 9 0 theme existing 1558:1565 arg1 software 1567:1574 existing software 1558:1574 existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways 1558:1627 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 1 1 gly glycosylation 163:175 arg1 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 227:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 1 1 gly glycosylation 163:175 arg1 antibody 217:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 1 2 theme ovary 263:267 arg1 cells 275:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 2 3 theme antibody 582:589 arg1 growth 535:540 the cell growth 526:540 the cell growth 526:540 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 2 3 theme antibody 582:589 arg1 glycoprofiles 550:562 the glycoprofiles 546:562 the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 546:595 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 7 4 theme glycosylation 1381:1393 arg1 levels 1395:1400 higher glycosylation levels 1374:1400 higher glycosylation levels 1374:1400 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 1 5 theme CHO 270:272 arg1 cells 275:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 4 6 theme liquid 827:832 arg1 chromatography 834:847 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 803:847 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 803:855 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 4 6 theme liquid 827:832 arg1 HILIC 850:854 HILIC 850:854 HILIC 850:854 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 7 7 theme desirable 1364:1372 arg1 achievement 1349:1359 the achievement 1345:1359 the achievement of desirable 1345:1372 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 7 7 theme desirable 1364:1372 arg1 productivity 1328:1339 Mab productivity 1324:1339 Mab productivity 1324:1339 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 6 8 theme lower 1202:1206 arg1 growth 1208:1213 lower growth 1202:1213 lower growth 1202:1213 Similarly, reducing the average pH of culture resulted in lower growth but higher SI and GI levels. 25014402 1 9 theme humanized 188:196 arg1 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 227:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 1 9 theme humanized 188:196 arg1 antibody 217:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 9 10 theme glycosylation 1606:1618 arg1 pathways 1620:1627 the glycosylation pathways 1602:1627 the glycosylation pathways 1602:1627 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 3 11 theme time 708:711 arg1 span 713:716 a specific time span 697:716 a specific time span 697:716 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 1 12 theme monoclonal 206:215 arg1 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 227:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 1 12 theme monoclonal 206:215 arg1 antibody 217:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 4 13 theme sialylation 900:910 arg1 SI 919:920 SI 919:920 SI 919:920 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 4 13 theme sialylation 900:910 arg1 index 912:916 the sialylation index 896:916 the sialylation index (SI) 896:921 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 7 14 theme Mab 1324:1326 arg1 productivity 1328:1339 Mab productivity 1324:1339 Mab productivity 1324:1339 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 8 15 theme dynamic 1405:1411 arg1 model 1413:1417 A dynamic model 1403:1417 A dynamic model 1403:1417 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 6 16 theme culture 1182:1188 arg1 pH 1176:1177 the average pH 1164:1177 the average pH of culture 1164:1188 Similarly, reducing the average pH of culture resulted in lower growth but higher SI and GI levels. 25014402 7 17 theme cell 1301:1304 arg1 growth 1306:1311 cell growth 1301:1311 cell growth 1301:1311 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 5 18 theme lower 1024:1028 arg1 yield 1035:1039 lower cell yield 1024:1039 lower cell yield 1024:1039 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 9 19 from impact 1656:1661 arg1 glycoprofiles 1695:1707 the glycoprofiles 1691:1707 the glycoprofiles 1691:1707 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 1 20 theme conditions 145:154 arg1 impact 125:130 The impact 121:130 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 121:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 2 21 theme depletion 485:493 arg1 levels 495:500 nutrient depletion levels 476:500 nutrient depletion levels 476:500 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 8 22 theme metabolic 1431:1439 arg1 analysis 1446:1453 a metabolic flux analysis 1429:1453 a metabolic flux analysis (MFA) 1429:1459 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 8 22 theme metabolic 1431:1439 arg1 MFA 1456:1458 MFA 1456:1458 MFA 1456:1458 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 0 23 theme glycosylation 57:69 arg1 pattern 71:77 the glycosylation pattern 53:77 the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 53:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 0 24 from Effects 0:6 arg1 pattern 71:77 the glycosylation pattern 53:77 the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 53:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 2 25 theme build 514:518 arg1 up 520:521 ammonia build up 506:521 ammonia build up 506:521 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 4 26 theme relative 745:752 arg1 abundance 754:762 The relative abundance 741:762 The relative abundance of glycan structures 741:783 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 0 27 theme monoclonal 100:109 arg1 antibody 111:118 camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 82:118 camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 82:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 1 28 from impact 125:130 arg1 pattern 177:183 the glycosylation pattern 159:183 the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 159:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 5 29 theme Lower 940:944 arg1 concentrations 954:967 Lower initial concentrations 940:967 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine 940:980 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 2 30 from effect 466:471 arg1 growth 535:540 the cell growth 526:540 the cell growth 526:540 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 2 30 from effect 466:471 arg1 glycoprofiles 550:562 the glycoprofiles 546:562 the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 546:595 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 3 31 from effect 602:607 arg1 level 650:654 glycosylation level 636:654 glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span 636:716 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 2 32 theme different 374:382 arg1 levels 384:389 different levels 374:389 different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations 374:429 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 2 33 theme concentrations 416:429 arg1 levels 384:389 different levels 374:389 different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations 374:429 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 0 34 theme nutrient 11:18 arg1 levels 20:25 nutrient levels 11:25 nutrient levels 11:25 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 3 35 theme reduction 623:631 arg1 effect 602:607 The effect 598:607 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span 598:716 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 3 36 theme average 612:618 arg1 reduction 623:631 average pH reduction 612:631 average pH reduction 612:631 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 4 37 theme hydrophilic 803:813 arg1 chromatography 834:847 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 803:847 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 803:855 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 4 37 theme hydrophilic 803:813 arg1 HILIC 850:854 HILIC 850:854 HILIC 850:854 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 0 38 theme culture 39:45 arg1 pH 47:48 average culture pH 31:48 average culture pH 31:48 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 5 39 theme initial 1118:1124 arg1 levels 1136:1141 higher initial glutamine levels 1111:1141 higher initial glutamine levels 1111:1141 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 9 40 used used 1633:1636 arg2 GLYCOVIS 1577:1584 GLYCOVIS 1577:1584 GLYCOVIS 1577:1584 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 9 40 used used 1633:1636 arg2 software 1567:1574 existing software 1558:1574 existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways 1558:1627 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 5 41 theme glucose 1000:1006 arg1 consumption 1008:1018 lower glucose consumption 994:1018 lower glucose consumption 994:1018 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 8 42 theme nutrients 1504:1512 arg1 productivity 1535:1546 Mab productivity 1531:1546 Mab productivity 1531:1546 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 8 42 theme nutrients 1504:1512 arg1 metabolism 1490:1499 the metabolism 1486:1499 the metabolism of nutrients 1486:1512 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 8 42 theme nutrients 1504:1512 arg1 growth 1520:1525 cell growth 1515:1525 cell growth 1515:1525 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 8 43 theme cell 1515:1518 arg1 growth 1520:1525 cell growth 1515:1525 cell growth 1515:1525 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 3 44 theme glycosylation 636:648 arg1 level 650:654 glycosylation level 636:654 glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span 636:716 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 4 45 theme structures 774:783 arg1 abundance 754:762 The relative abundance 741:762 The relative abundance of glycan structures 741:783 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 5 46 theme glutamine 972:980 arg1 concentrations 954:967 Lower initial concentrations 940:967 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine 940:980 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 9 47 theme species 1680:1686 arg1 impact 1656:1661 the impact 1652:1661 the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles 1652:1707 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 1 48 theme hamster 255:261 arg1 cells 275:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 3 49 theme entire 667:672 arg1 time 682:685 the entire culture time 663:685 the entire culture time 663:685 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 2 50 theme monoclonal 571:580 arg1 Mab 592:594 Mab 592:594 Mab 592:594 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 2 50 theme monoclonal 571:580 arg1 antibody 582:589 the monoclonal antibody 567:589 the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 567:595 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 3 51 theme specific 699:706 arg1 span 713:716 a specific time span 697:716 a specific time span 697:716 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 6 52 theme higher 1219:1224 arg1 SI 1226:1227 higher SI and GI levels 1219:1241 SI 1226:1227 Similarly, reducing the average pH of culture resulted in lower growth but higher SI and GI levels. 25014402 1 53 theme glycosylation 163:175 arg1 pattern 177:183 the glycosylation pattern 159:183 the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 159:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 4 54 theme interaction 815:825 arg1 chromatography 834:847 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 803:847 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 803:855 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 4 54 theme interaction 815:825 arg1 HILIC 850:854 HILIC 850:854 HILIC 850:854 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 7 55 theme higher 1374:1379 arg1 levels 1395:1400 higher glycosylation levels 1374:1400 higher glycosylation levels 1374:1400 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 1 56 theme camelid 198:204 arg1 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc 227:233 EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 227:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 1 56 theme camelid 198:204 arg1 antibody 217:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 humanized camelid monoclonal antibody 188:224 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 7 57 dep productivity 1328:1339 arg1 levels 1395:1400 higher glycosylation levels 1374:1400 higher glycosylation levels 1374:1400 These findings indicate that there is a tradeoff between cell growth, resulting Mab productivity and the achievement of desirable higher glycosylation levels. 25014402 1 58 theme antibody 217:224 arg1 pattern 177:183 the glycosylation pattern 159:183 the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 159:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 9 59 theme extracellular 1666:1678 arg1 species 1680:1686 extracellular species 1666:1686 extracellular species 1666:1686 Finally, existing software (GLYCOVIS) that describes the glycosylation pathways was used to illustrate the impact of extracellular species on the glycoprofiles. 25014402 5 60 theme GI 1055:1056 arg1 levels 1065:1070 GI and SI levels 1055:1070 GI and SI levels 1055:1070 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 4 61 theme galactosylation 865:879 arg1 GI 888:889 GI 888:889 GI 888:889 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 4 61 theme galactosylation 865:879 arg1 index 881:885 the galactosylation index 861:885 the galactosylation index (GI) 861:890 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 6 62 theme average 1168:1174 arg1 pH 1176:1177 the average pH 1164:1177 the average pH of culture 1164:1188 Similarly, reducing the average pH of culture resulted in lower growth but higher SI and GI levels. 25014402 5 63 theme cell 1030:1033 arg1 yield 1035:1039 lower cell yield 1024:1039 lower cell yield 1024:1039 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 1 64 theme operating 135:143 arg1 conditions 145:154 operating conditions 135:154 operating conditions 135:154 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 2 65 theme levels 495:500 arg1 effect 466:471 the effect 462:471 the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 462:595 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 8 66 theme flux 1441:1444 arg1 analysis 1446:1453 a metabolic flux analysis 1429:1453 a metabolic flux analysis (MFA) 1429:1459 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 8 66 theme flux 1441:1444 arg1 MFA 1456:1458 MFA 1456:1458 MFA 1456:1458 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 1 67 theme experiments 320:330 arg1 combination 305:315 a combination 303:315 a combination of experiments and modeling 303:343 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 2 68 theme nutrient 476:483 arg1 levels 495:500 nutrient depletion levels 476:500 nutrient depletion levels 476:500 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 0 69 theme camelid-humanized 82:98 arg1 antibody 111:118 camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 82:118 camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 82:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 1 70 theme modeling 336:343 arg1 combination 305:315 a combination 303:315 a combination of experiments and modeling 303:343 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 25014402 2 71 theme up 520:521 arg1 effect 466:471 the effect 462:471 the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab) 462:595 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 0 72 theme antibody 111:118 arg1 pattern 71:77 the glycosylation pattern 53:77 the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 53:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 5 73 theme SI 1062:1063 arg1 levels 1065:1070 GI and SI levels 1055:1070 GI and SI levels 1055:1070 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 0 74 gly glycosylation 57:69 arg1 antibody 111:118 camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 82:118 camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 82:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 2 75 theme ammonia 506:512 arg1 up 520:521 ammonia build up 506:521 ammonia build up 506:521 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 2 76 theme cell 530:533 arg1 growth 535:540 the cell growth 526:540 the cell growth 526:540 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 0 77 theme levels 20:25 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 0:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 3 78 theme pH 620:621 arg1 reduction 623:631 average pH reduction 612:631 average pH reduction 612:631 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 2 79 theme glutamine 406:414 arg1 concentrations 416:429 glucose and glutamine concentrations 394:429 glucose and glutamine concentrations 394:429 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 0 80 theme average 31:37 arg1 pH 47:48 average culture pH 31:48 average culture pH 31:48 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 2 81 theme glucose 394:400 arg1 concentrations 416:429 glucose and glutamine concentrations 394:429 glucose and glutamine concentrations 394:429 Cells were cultivated under different levels of glucose and glutamine concentrations with the goal of investigating the effect of nutrient depletion levels and ammonia build up on the cell growth and the glycoprofiles of the monoclonal antibody (Mab). 25014402 0 82 theme pH 47:48 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody 0:118 Effects of nutrient levels and average culture pH on the glycosylation pattern of camelid-humanized monoclonal antibody. 25014402 5 83 theme higher 1111:1116 arg1 levels 1136:1141 higher initial glutamine levels 1111:1141 higher initial glutamine levels 1111:1141 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 5 84 theme lower 994:998 arg1 consumption 1008:1018 lower glucose consumption 994:1018 lower glucose consumption 994:1018 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 5 85 theme glutamine 1126:1134 arg1 levels 1136:1141 higher initial glutamine levels 1111:1141 higher initial glutamine levels 1111:1141 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 6 86 theme GI 1233:1234 arg1 levels 1236:1241 higher SI and GI levels 1219:1241 levels 1236:1241 Similarly, reducing the average pH of culture resulted in lower growth but higher SI and GI levels. 25014402 5 87 theme initial 946:952 arg1 concentrations 954:967 Lower initial concentrations 940:967 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine 940:980 Lower initial concentrations of glutamine resulted in lower glucose consumption and lower cell yield but increased GI and SI levels when compared to cultures started with higher initial glutamine levels. 25014402 8 88 theme Mab 1531:1533 arg1 productivity 1535:1546 Mab productivity 1531:1546 Mab productivity 1531:1546 A dynamic model, based on a metabolic flux analysis (MFA), is proposed to describe the metabolism of nutrients, cell growth and Mab productivity. 25014402 3 89 theme culture 674:680 arg1 time 682:685 the entire culture time 663:685 the entire culture time 663:685 The effect of average pH reduction on glycosylation level during the entire culture time or during a specific time span was also investigated. 25014402 4 90 theme glycan 767:772 arg1 structures 774:783 glycan structures 767:783 glycan structures 767:783 The relative abundance of glycan structures was quantified by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and the galactosylation index (GI) and the sialylation index (SI) were determined. 25014402 1 91 theme Chinese 247:253 arg1 cells 275:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 247:279 The impact of operating conditions on the glycosylation pattern of humanized camelid monoclonal antibody, EG2-hFc produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been evaluated by a combination of experiments and modeling. 24377940 9 0 theme strong 1819:1824 arg1 bonds 1835:1839 strong hydrogen bonds 1819:1839 strong hydrogen bonds 1819:1839 Compared to hydroxy groups, amino groups cannot form strong hydrogen bonds. 24377940 3 1 theme % 492:492 arg1 CS 494:495 100% CS 489:495 100% CS 489:495 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 6 2 theme sufficient 1115:1124 arg1 selectivity 1139:1149 sufficient enantiomeric selectivity 1115:1149 sufficient enantiomeric selectivity 1115:1149 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 8 3 dep diffuse 1690:1696 arg1 difficult 1653:1661 difficult 1653:1661 difficult 1653:1661 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 4 4 contain has 642:644 arg1 CEL 638:640 100% CEL 633:640 100% CEL 633:640 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 4 4 contain has 642:644 arg2 selectivity 694:704 enantiomeric selectivity 681:704 enantiomeric selectivity 681:704 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 4 4 contain has 642:644 arg2 capacity 668:675 the lowest adsorption capacity 646:675 the lowest adsorption capacity 646:675 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 6 5 theme chiral 1187:1192 arg1 separations 1194:1204 routine chiral separations 1179:1204 routine chiral separations 1179:1204 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 4 6 dep sufficient 724:733 arg1 enable 763:768 enable 763:768 to enable it to be used for chiral resolution 760:804 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 7 7 theme subsequent 1346:1355 arg1 stage 1357:1361 the subsequent stage 1342:1361 the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle 1342:1519 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 11 8 theme 100 2153:2155 arg1 % 2156:2156 % 2156:2156 % 2156:2156 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 3 9 theme 50:50 545:549 arg1 CEL/CS 551:556 50:50 CEL/CS 545:556 50:50 CEL/CS 545:556 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 8 10 theme adsorbate 1667:1675 arg1 molecules 1677:1685 adsorbate molecules 1667:1685 adsorbate molecules 1667:1685 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 7 11 theme surface 1309:1315 arg1 adsorption 1317:1326 the initial surface adsorption 1297:1326 the initial surface adsorption 1297:1326 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 1 12 contain containing 99:108 arg2 CEL 121:123 CEL 121:123 CEL 121:123 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 1 12 contain containing 99:108 arg2 chitosan 130:137 chitosan 130:137 chitosan (CS) 130:142 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 1 12 contain containing 99:108 arg2 CS 140:141 CS 140:141 CS 140:141 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 1 12 contain containing 99:108 arg2 cellulose 110:118 cellulose 110:118 cellulose (CEL) 110:124 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 1 12 contain containing 99:108 arg1 liquid 242:247 liquid 242:247 liquid 242:247 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 1 12 contain containing 99:108 arg1 composite 89:97 A composite 87:97 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 87:230 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 11 13 theme Adsorbate 1972:1980 arg1 molecules 1982:1990 Adsorbate molecules 1972:1990 Adsorbate molecules 1972:1990 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 5 14 theme extensive 983:991 arg1 swelling 993:1000 extensive swelling 983:1000 extensive swelling 983:1000 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 3 15 theme 100 585:587 arg1 % 588:588 % 588:588 % 588:588 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 5 16 theme high 851:854 arg1 selectivity 869:879 its high enantiomeric selectivity 847:879 its high enantiomeric selectivity 847:879 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 8 17 theme dense 1623:1627 arg1 structure 1629:1637 a very dense structure 1616:1637 a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity 1616:1763 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 10 18 theme inner 1913:1917 arg1 structure 1919:1927 its inner structure 1909:1927 its inner structure 1909:1927 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 0 19 theme composite 66:74 arg1 materials 76:84 polysaccharide composite materials 51:84 polysaccharide composite materials 51:84 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials. 24377940 11 20 theme inner 2046:2050 arg1 structure 2052:2060 its inner structure 2042:2060 its inner structure 2042:2060 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 4 21 theme 100 633:635 arg1 % 636:636 % 636:636 % 636:636 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 1 22 theme amino 332:336 arg1 acids 338:342 amino acids 332:342 amino acids 332:342 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 8 23 theme enantiomeric 1740:1751 arg1 selectivity 1753:1763 low enantiomeric selectivity 1736:1763 low enantiomeric selectivity 1736:1763 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 11 24 theme enantiomeric 2124:2135 arg1 selectivity 2137:2147 higher enantiomeric selectivity 2117:2147 higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS 2117:2159 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 10 25 from extensive 1884:1892 arg1 CEL 1900:1902 CEL 1900:1902 CEL 1900:1902 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 4 26 theme 50:50 707:711 arg1 CEL/CS 713:718 50:50 CEL/CS 707:718 50:50 CEL/CS 707:718 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 6 27 theme 50 1010:1011 arg1 % 1012:1012 % 1012:1012 % 1012:1012 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 4 28 theme adsorption 657:666 arg1 capacity 668:675 the lowest adsorption capacity 646:675 the lowest adsorption capacity 646:675 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 0 29 theme Enantiomeric 0:11 arg1 adsorption 23:32 Enantiomeric selective adsorption 0:32 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials 0:84 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials. 24377940 2 30 theme 100 423:425 arg1 % 426:426 % 426:426 % 426:426 The highest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity are exhibited by 100% CS. 24377940 5 31 theme % 884:884 arg1 CS 886:887 100% CS 881:887 100% CS 881:887 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 3 32 theme racemic 434:440 arg1 acid 448:451 A racemic amino acid 432:451 A racemic amino acid 432:451 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 0 33 theme amino 37:41 arg1 acid 43:46 amino acid 37:46 amino acid 37:46 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials. 24377940 1 34 theme enantiomeric 282:293 arg1 selectivity 295:305 remarkable enantiomeric selectivity 271:305 remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids 271:342 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 5 35 theme poor 942:945 arg1 properties 958:967 relatively poor mechanical properties 931:967 relatively poor mechanical properties 931:967 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 9 36 theme hydroxy 1778:1784 arg1 groups 1786:1791 hydroxy groups 1778:1791 hydroxy groups 1778:1791 Compared to hydroxy groups, amino groups cannot form strong hydrogen bonds. 24377940 4 37 used used 779:782 arg2 it 770:771 it 770:771 it 770:771 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 7 38 theme composites 1447:1456 arg1 particles 1430:1438 the particles 1426:1438 the particles of the composites 1426:1456 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 6 39 theme mechanical 1051:1060 arg1 properties 1062:1071 the mechanical properties 1047:1071 the mechanical properties 1047:1071 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 1 40 theme butylmethylimmidazolium 199:221 arg1 chloride 223:230 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 199:230 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 199:230 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 8 41 theme intermolecular 1533:1546 arg1 network 1581:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network 1522:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL 1522:1594 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 3 42 theme % 604:604 arg1 CEL 606:608 100% CEL 601:608 100% CEL 601:608 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 4 43 theme enantiomeric 735:746 arg1 selectivity 748:758 enantiomeric selectivity 735:758 enantiomeric selectivity 735:758 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 2 44 theme adsorption 357:366 arg1 capacity 368:375 The highest adsorption capacity 345:375 The highest adsorption capacity 345:375 The highest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity are exhibited by 100% CS. 24377940 5 45 contain has 927:929 arg1 it 924:925 it 924:925 it 924:925 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 5 45 contain has 927:929 arg2 properties 958:967 relatively poor mechanical properties 931:967 relatively poor mechanical properties 931:967 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 8 46 theme intramolecular 1552:1565 arg1 network 1581:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network 1522:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL 1522:1594 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 10 47 theme hydrogen 1846:1853 arg1 extensive 1884:1892 extensive 1884:1892 extensive 1884:1892 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 10 47 theme hydrogen 1846:1853 arg1 network 1860:1866 The hydrogen bond network 1842:1866 The hydrogen bond network in CS 1842:1872 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 3 48 theme 100 489:491 arg1 % 492:492 % 492:492 % 492:492 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 4 49 theme chiral 788:793 arg1 resolution 795:804 chiral resolution 788:804 chiral resolution 788:804 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 9 50 theme hydrogen 1826:1833 arg1 bonds 1835:1839 strong hydrogen bonds 1819:1839 strong hydrogen bonds 1819:1839 Compared to hydroxy groups, amino groups cannot form strong hydrogen bonds. 24377940 8 51 theme bond 1576:1579 arg1 network 1581:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network 1522:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL 1522:1594 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 6 52 used used 1170:1173 arg2 it 1161:1162 it 1161:1162 it 1161:1162 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 7 53 theme adsorbate 1376:1384 arg1 molecules 1386:1394 the adsorbate molecules 1372:1394 the adsorbate molecules 1372:1394 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 11 54 theme % 2156:2156 arg1 CS 2158:2159 100% CS 2153:2159 100% CS 2153:2159 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 6 55 theme routine 1179:1185 arg1 separations 1194:1204 routine chiral separations 1179:1204 routine chiral separations 1179:1204 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 1 56 theme simple 161:166 arg1 method 183:188 a simple and recyclable method 159:188 a simple and recyclable method 159:188 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 11 57 theme outer 2025:2029 arg1 surface 2031:2037 the outer surface 2021:2037 the outer surface to its inner structure 2021:2060 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 1 58 theme recyclable 172:181 arg1 method 183:188 a simple and recyclable method 159:188 a simple and recyclable method 159:188 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 10 59 from network 1860:1866 arg1 CS 1871:1872 CS 1871:1872 CS 1871:1872 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 4 60 theme % 636:636 arg1 CEL 638:640 100% CEL 633:640 100% CEL 633:640 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 8 61 from network 1581:1587 arg1 CEL 1592:1594 CEL 1592:1594 CEL 1592:1594 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 7 62 theme initial 1301:1307 arg1 adsorption 1317:1326 the initial surface adsorption 1297:1326 the initial surface adsorption 1297:1326 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 7 63 theme particle 1512:1519 arg1 interior 1495:1502 the interior 1491:1502 the interior of each particle 1491:1519 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 6 64 theme enantiomeric 1126:1137 arg1 selectivity 1139:1149 sufficient enantiomeric selectivity 1115:1149 sufficient enantiomeric selectivity 1115:1149 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 1 65 theme acids 338:342 arg1 adsorption 318:327 the adsorption 314:327 the adsorption of amino acids 314:342 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 8 66 theme low 1736:1738 arg1 selectivity 1753:1763 low enantiomeric selectivity 1736:1763 low enantiomeric selectivity 1736:1763 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 4 67 theme enantiomeric 681:692 arg1 selectivity 694:704 enantiomeric selectivity 681:704 enantiomeric selectivity 681:704 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 10 68 from CEL 1900:1902 arg1 extensive 1884:1892 extensive 1884:1892 extensive 1884:1892 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 10 68 from CEL 1900:1902 arg1 network 1860:1866 The hydrogen bond network 1842:1866 The hydrogen bond network in CS 1842:1872 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 6 69 theme % 1012:1012 arg1 CEL 1014:1016 50% CEL 1010:1016 50% CEL 1010:1016 Adding 50% CEL to CS substantially improves the mechanical properties and reduces its swelling while it retains sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for routine chiral separations. 24377940 11 70 theme higher 2117:2122 arg1 selectivity 2137:2147 higher enantiomeric selectivity 2117:2147 higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS 2117:2159 Adsorbate molecules can, therefore, diffuse from the outer surface to its inner structure relatively more easily than in CEL, thereby leading to higher enantiomeric selectivity for 100% CS. 24377940 2 71 theme enantiomeric 381:392 arg1 selectivity 394:404 enantiomeric selectivity 381:404 enantiomeric selectivity 381:404 The highest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity are exhibited by 100% CS. 24377940 0 72 theme selective 13:21 arg1 adsorption 23:32 Enantiomeric selective adsorption 0:32 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials 0:84 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials. 24377940 5 73 theme enantiomeric 856:867 arg1 selectivity 869:879 its high enantiomeric selectivity 847:879 its high enantiomeric selectivity 847:879 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 7 74 theme selective 1262:1270 arg1 adsorption 1272:1281 the enantiomerically selective adsorption 1241:1281 the enantiomerically selective adsorption 1241:1281 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 7 74 theme selective 1262:1270 arg1 due 1286:1288 due 1286:1288 due 1286:1288 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 4 75 theme lowest 650:655 arg1 capacity 668:675 the lowest adsorption capacity 646:675 the lowest adsorption capacity 646:675 Specifically, whereas 100% CEL has the lowest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity, 50:50 CEL/CS has sufficient enantiomeric selectivity to enable it to be used for chiral resolution. 24377940 5 76 theme 100 881:883 arg1 % 884:884 % 884:884 % 884:884 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 2 77 theme % 426:426 arg1 CS 428:429 100% CS 423:429 100% CS 423:429 The highest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity are exhibited by 100% CS. 24377940 0 78 theme acid 43:46 arg1 adsorption 23:32 Enantiomeric selective adsorption 0:32 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials 0:84 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials. 24377940 1 79 theme remarkable 271:280 arg1 selectivity 295:305 remarkable enantiomeric selectivity 271:305 remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids 271:342 A composite containing cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) synthesized by a simple and recyclable method by using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride, an ionic liquid, was found to exhibit remarkable enantiomeric selectivity toward the adsorption of amino acids. 24377940 3 80 theme % 588:588 arg1 CS 590:591 100% CS 585:591 100% CS than to 100% CEL 585:608 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 3 81 theme amino 442:446 arg1 acid 448:451 A racemic amino acid 432:451 A racemic amino acid 432:451 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 0 82 theme polysaccharide 51:64 arg1 materials 76:84 polysaccharide composite materials 51:84 polysaccharide composite materials 51:84 Enantiomeric selective adsorption of amino acid by polysaccharide composite materials. 24377940 5 83 theme mechanical 947:956 arg1 properties 958:967 relatively poor mechanical properties 931:967 relatively poor mechanical properties 931:967 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 7 84 theme kinetic 1211:1217 arg1 results 1219:1225 The kinetic results 1207:1225 The kinetic results 1207:1225 The kinetic results indicate that the enantiomerically selective adsorption is due not to the initial surface adsorption but rather to the subsequent stage in which the adsorbate molecules diffuse into the pores within the particles of the composites and consequently are adsorbed by the interior of each particle. 24377940 8 85 theme strong 1526:1531 arg1 network 1581:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network 1522:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL 1522:1594 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 9 86 theme amino 1794:1798 arg1 groups 1800:1805 amino groups 1794:1805 amino groups 1794:1805 Compared to hydroxy groups, amino groups cannot form strong hydrogen bonds. 24377940 3 87 theme 100 601:603 arg1 % 604:604 % 604:604 % 604:604 A racemic amino acid can be enantiomerically resolved by 100% CS in about 96-120 h. Interestingly, adsorption by 50:50 CEL/CS is more similar to that by 100% CS than to 100% CEL. 24377940 5 88 used used 911:914 arg2 CS 886:887 100% CS 881:887 100% CS 881:887 This is significant because in spite of its high enantiomeric selectivity 100% CS cannot practically be used because it has relatively poor mechanical properties and undergoes extensive swelling. 24377940 8 89 theme hydrogen 1567:1574 arg1 network 1581:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network 1522:1587 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL 1522:1594 The strong intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond network in CEL enables it to adopt a very dense structure that makes it difficult for adsorbate molecules to diffuse into its interior, thereby leading to low enantiomeric selectivity. 24377940 10 90 theme bond 1855:1858 arg1 extensive 1884:1892 extensive 1884:1892 extensive 1884:1892 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 10 90 theme bond 1855:1858 arg1 network 1860:1866 The hydrogen bond network 1842:1866 The hydrogen bond network in CS 1842:1872 The hydrogen bond network in CS is not as extensive as in CEL, and its inner structure is relatively less dense than that of CEL. 24377940 2 91 theme highest 349:355 arg1 capacity 368:375 The highest adsorption capacity 345:375 The highest adsorption capacity 345:375 The highest adsorption capacity and enantiomeric selectivity are exhibited by 100% CS. 24703881 6 0 theme prominent 951:959 arg1 characteristics 969:983 prominent surface characteristics 951:983 prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters 951:1007 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 6 0 theme prominent 951:959 arg1 clusters 1000:1007 charge clusters 993:1007 charge clusters 993:1007 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 13 1 theme constant 1850:1857 arg1 region 1859:1864 the HC constant region 1843:1864 the HC constant region 1843:1864 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology and crystallization propensity can thus be modulated by the properties genetically and biochemically encoded in the HC constant region. 24703881 2 2 theme hematological 329:341 arg1 disorders 343:351 other hematological disorders 323:351 other hematological disorders 323:351 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 8 3 theme CBs 1228:1230 arg1 morphology 1214:1223 the morphology 1210:1223 the morphology of CBs 1210:1230 For example, deletion of the entire Fc domain changed the morphology of CBs into thin filaments. 24703881 4 4 theme CHO 690:692 arg1 cells 694:698 CHO cells 690:698 CHO cells 690:698 When stably overexpressed from CHO cells, the IgG2/λ clone spontaneously produced spindle-shaped CBs in the ER. 24703881 3 5 theme IgG2/λ 526:531 arg1 clone 533:537 a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone 498:537 a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment 498:656 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 8 6 theme thin 1237:1240 arg1 filaments 1242:1250 thin filaments 1237:1250 thin filaments 1237:1250 For example, deletion of the entire Fc domain changed the morphology of CBs into thin filaments. 24703881 11 7 theme CB 1601:1602 arg1 formation 1604:1612 the CB formation 1597:1612 the CB formation 1597:1612 The IgG3 version, in contrast, suppressed the CB formation. 24703881 9 8 from reduction 1362:1370 arg1 secretion 1379:1387 IgG secretion 1375:1387 IgG secretion 1375:1387 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 7 9 theme CB 1141:1142 arg1 morphology 1144:1153 CB morphology 1141:1153 CB morphology 1141:1153 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 9 10 theme glycan 1280:1285 arg1 Elimination 1253:1263 Elimination 1253:1263 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation 1253:1305 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 3 11 theme spindle-shaped 553:566 arg1 crystals 582:589 spindle-shaped intracellular crystals 553:589 spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 553:629 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 1 12 theme endoplasmic 178:188 arg1 ER 201:202 ER 201:202 ER 201:202 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24703881 1 12 theme endoplasmic 178:188 arg1 reticulum 190:198 the endoplasmic reticulum 174:198 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells 174:231 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24703881 13 13 dep in 1704:1705 arg1 vivo 1707:1710 vivo 1707:1710 vivo 1707:1710 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology and crystallization propensity can thus be modulated by the properties genetically and biochemically encoded in the HC constant region. 24703881 5 14 theme pathway 876:882 arg1 origin 884:889 secretory pathway origin 866:889 secretory pathway origin 866:889 Some CBs were released to the extracellular space while remaining enclosed by the membranes of secretory pathway origin. 24703881 4 15 theme spindle-shaped 741:754 arg1 CBs 756:758 spindle-shaped CBs 741:758 spindle-shaped CBs 741:758 When stably overexpressed from CHO cells, the IgG2/λ clone spontaneously produced spindle-shaped CBs in the ER. 24703881 3 16 theme transiently-transfected 594:616 arg1 cells 625:629 transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 594:629 transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 594:629 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 7 17 theme constant 1042:1049 arg1 properties 1066:1075 the constant domain-encoded properties 1038:1075 the constant domain-encoded properties 1038:1075 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 7 18 theme modulatory 1092:1101 arg1 roles 1103:1107 their modulatory roles 1086:1107 their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology 1086:1153 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 9 19 theme Russell 1316:1322 arg1 biogenesis 1329:1338 Russell body biogenesis 1316:1338 Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion 1316:1387 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 4 20 theme IgG2/λ 705:710 arg1 clone 712:716 the IgG2/λ clone 701:716 the IgG2/λ clone 701:716 When stably overexpressed from CHO cells, the IgG2/λ clone spontaneously produced spindle-shaped CBs in the ER. 24703881 3 21 from crystals 582:589 arg1 cells 625:629 transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 594:629 transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 594:629 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 0 22 theme secretory 49:57 arg1 pathway 59:65 the secretory pathway 45:65 the secretory pathway 45:65 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 3 23 theme Brefeldin 636:644 arg1 A 646:646 Brefeldin A 636:646 Brefeldin A treatment 636:656 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 10 24 theme long 1508:1511 arg1 needle 1513:1518 long needle 1508:1518 long needle 1508:1518 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 0 25 from Modulation 0:9 arg1 pathway 59:65 the secretory pathway 45:65 the secretory pathway 45:65 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 0 26 theme chain 76:80 arg1 switching 96:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 2 27 theme biogenesis 372:381 arg1 details 358:364 the details 354:364 the details of CB biogenesis 354:381 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 2 27 theme biogenesis 372:381 arg1 roles 392:396 CB's roles 387:396 CB's roles in pathophysiology 387:415 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 0 28 theme class 90:94 arg1 switching 96:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 9 29 theme IgG 1375:1377 arg1 secretion 1379:1387 IgG secretion 1375:1387 IgG secretion 1375:1387 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 0 30 link N-linked 110:117 arg1 glycosylation 119:131 N-linked glycosylation 110:131 N-linked glycosylation 110:131 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 13 31 theme in 1704:1705 arg1 morphology 1720:1729 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology 1695:1729 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology 1695:1729 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology and crystallization propensity can thus be modulated by the properties genetically and biochemically encoded in the HC constant region. 24703881 0 32 theme in 14:15 arg1 crystallization 26:40 in vivo IgG crystallization 14:40 in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway 14:65 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 0 33 theme IgG 22:24 arg1 crystallization 26:40 in vivo IgG crystallization 14:40 in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway 14:65 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 5 34 theme extracellular 801:813 arg1 space 815:819 the extracellular space 797:819 the extracellular space 797:819 Some CBs were released to the extracellular space while remaining enclosed by the membranes of secretory pathway origin. 24703881 10 35 theme class 1398:1402 arg1 switching 1404:1412 Isotype class switching 1390:1412 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 1390:1452 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 2 36 theme other 323:327 arg1 disorders 343:351 other hematological disorders 323:351 other hematological disorders 323:351 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 3 37 theme imaging-based 452:464 arg1 method 476:481 an imaging-based screening method 449:481 an imaging-based screening method 449:481 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 0 38 dep in 14:15 arg1 vivo 17:20 vivo 17:20 vivo 17:20 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 9 39 link N-linked 1271:1278 arg1 glycan 1280:1285 an N-linked glycan 1268:1285 an N-linked glycan 1268:1285 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 10 40 theme original 1423:1430 arg1 IgG2 1432:1435 the original IgG2 1419:1435 the original IgG2 1419:1435 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 8 41 theme entire 1185:1190 arg1 domain 1195:1200 the entire Fc domain 1181:1200 the entire Fc domain 1181:1200 For example, deletion of the entire Fc domain changed the morphology of CBs into thin filaments. 24703881 6 42 theme surface 961:967 arg1 characteristics 969:983 prominent surface characteristics 951:983 prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters 951:1007 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 6 42 theme surface 961:967 arg1 clusters 1000:1007 charge clusters 993:1007 charge clusters 993:1007 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 2 43 from roles 392:396 arg1 pathophysiology 401:415 pathophysiology 401:415 pathophysiology 401:415 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 13 44 theme HC 1847:1848 arg1 region 1859:1864 the HC constant region 1843:1864 the HC constant region 1843:1864 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology and crystallization propensity can thus be modulated by the properties genetically and biochemically encoded in the HC constant region. 24703881 1 45 theme cells 227:231 arg1 ER 201:202 ER 201:202 ER 201:202 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24703881 1 45 theme cells 227:231 arg1 reticulum 190:198 the endoplasmic reticulum 174:198 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells 174:231 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24703881 8 46 theme domain 1195:1200 arg1 deletion 1169:1176 deletion 1169:1176 deletion of the entire Fc domain 1169:1200 For example, deletion of the entire Fc domain changed the morphology of CBs into thin filaments. 24703881 13 47 theme crystal 1712:1718 arg1 morphology 1720:1729 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology 1695:1729 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology 1695:1729 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology and crystallization propensity can thus be modulated by the properties genetically and biochemically encoded in the HC constant region. 24703881 3 48 theme intracellular 568:580 arg1 crystals 582:589 spindle-shaped intracellular crystals 553:589 spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 553:629 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 3 49 theme human 520:524 arg1 clone 533:537 a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone 498:537 a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment 498:656 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 5 50 theme origin 884:889 arg1 membranes 853:861 the membranes 849:861 the membranes of secretory pathway origin 849:889 Some CBs were released to the extracellular space while remaining enclosed by the membranes of secretory pathway origin. 24703881 10 51 theme crystal 1466:1472 arg1 morphology 1474:1483 the crystal morphology 1462:1483 the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped 1462:1538 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 2 52 theme plasma 296:301 arg1 dyscrasias 308:317 plasma cell dyscrasias 296:317 plasma cell dyscrasias 296:317 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 10 53 from spindle-shaped 1490:1503 arg1 morphology 1474:1483 the crystal morphology 1462:1483 the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped 1462:1538 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 6 54 from modeling 903:910 arg1 variable-region 919:933 the variable-region 915:933 the variable-region 915:933 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 0 55 theme N-linked 110:117 arg1 glycosylation 119:131 N-linked glycosylation 110:131 N-linked glycosylation 110:131 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 9 56 theme N-linked 1271:1278 arg1 glycan 1280:1285 an N-linked glycan 1268:1285 an N-linked glycan 1268:1285 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 7 57 theme CB-inducing 1112:1122 arg1 propensities 1124:1135 CB-inducing propensities 1112:1135 CB-inducing propensities 1112:1135 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 3 58 theme HEK293 618:623 arg1 cells 625:629 transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 594:629 transiently-transfected HEK293 cells 594:629 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 5 59 theme secretory 866:874 arg1 origin 884:889 secretory pathway origin 866:889 secretory pathway origin 866:889 Some CBs were released to the extracellular space while remaining enclosed by the membranes of secretory pathway origin. 24703881 6 60 theme charge 993:998 arg1 clusters 1000:1007 charge clusters 993:1007 charge clusters 993:1007 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 0 61 from pathway 59:65 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 0:132 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 9 62 theme N297A 1292:1296 arg1 mutation 1298:1305 a N297A mutation 1290:1305 a N297A mutation 1290:1305 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 10 63 from shaped 1533:1538 arg1 morphology 1474:1483 the crystal morphology 1462:1483 the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped 1462:1538 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 3 64 theme A 646:646 arg1 treatment 648:656 Brefeldin A treatment 636:656 Brefeldin A treatment 636:656 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 7 65 theme domain-encoded 1051:1064 arg1 properties 1066:1075 the constant domain-encoded properties 1038:1075 the constant domain-encoded properties 1038:1075 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 9 66 theme body 1324:1327 arg1 biogenesis 1329:1338 Russell body biogenesis 1316:1338 Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion 1316:1387 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 1 67 theme Crystalline 134:144 arg1 bodies 146:151 Crystalline bodies 134:151 Crystalline bodies (CBs) 134:157 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24703881 1 67 theme Crystalline 134:144 arg1 CBs 154:156 CBs 154:156 CBs 154:156 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24703881 0 68 theme heavy 70:74 arg1 switching 96:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 2 69 with association 279:289 arg1 disorders 343:351 other hematological disorders 323:351 other hematological disorders 323:351 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 2 69 with association 279:289 arg1 dyscrasias 308:317 plasma cell dyscrasias 296:317 plasma cell dyscrasias 296:317 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 11 70 theme IgG3 1559:1562 arg1 version 1564:1570 The IgG3 version 1555:1570 The IgG3 version 1555:1570 The IgG3 version, in contrast, suppressed the CB formation. 24703881 0 71 theme isotype 82:88 arg1 switching 96:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 heavy chain isotype class switching 70:104 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 9 72 theme marked 1355:1360 arg1 reduction 1362:1370 marked reduction 1355:1370 marked reduction in IgG secretion 1355:1387 Elimination of an N-linked glycan by a N297A mutation promoted Russell body biogenesis accompanied by marked reduction in IgG secretion. 24703881 13 73 theme crystallization 1735:1749 arg1 propensity 1751:1760 crystallization propensity 1735:1760 crystallization propensity 1735:1760 An IgG's in vivo crystal morphology and crystallization propensity can thus be modulated by the properties genetically and biochemically encoded in the HC constant region. 24703881 2 74 theme cell 303:306 arg1 dyscrasias 308:317 plasma cell dyscrasias 296:317 plasma cell dyscrasias 296:317 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 12 75 theme CB 1680:1681 arg1 biogenesis 1683:1692 CB biogenesis 1680:1692 CB biogenesis 1680:1692 Either the HC or LC alone or the Fc-domain alone did not trigger CB biogenesis. 24703881 0 76 from crystallization 26:40 arg1 pathway 59:65 the secretory pathway 45:65 the secretory pathway 45:65 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 2 77 theme CB 369:370 arg1 biogenesis 372:381 CB biogenesis 369:381 CB biogenesis 369:381 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 0 78 theme crystallization 26:40 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 0:132 Modulation of in vivo IgG crystallization in the secretory pathway by heavy chain isotype class switching and N-linked glycosylation. 24703881 6 79 theme Structural 892:901 arg1 modeling 903:910 Structural modeling 892:910 Structural modeling on the variable-region 892:933 Structural modeling on the variable-region did not uncover prominent surface characteristics such as charge clusters. 24703881 10 80 from IgG2 1432:1435 arg1 switching 1404:1412 Isotype class switching 1390:1412 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 1390:1452 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 2 81 from details 358:364 arg1 pathophysiology 401:415 pathophysiology 401:415 pathophysiology 401:415 Although this phenotype is often reported in association with plasma cell dyscrasias and other hematological disorders, the details of CB biogenesis and CB's roles in pathophysiology remain poorly understood. 24703881 10 82 theme Isotype 1390:1396 arg1 switching 1404:1412 Isotype class switching 1390:1412 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 1390:1452 Isotype class switching from the original IgG2 to IgG1 and IgG4 changed the crystal morphology from spindle-shaped to long needle and acicular shaped, respectively. 24703881 3 83 theme screening 466:474 arg1 method 476:481 an imaging-based screening method 449:481 an imaging-based screening method 449:481 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 8 84 theme Fc 1192:1193 arg1 domain 1195:1200 the entire Fc domain 1181:1200 the entire Fc domain 1181:1200 For example, deletion of the entire Fc domain changed the morphology of CBs into thin filaments. 24703881 7 85 from roles 1103:1107 arg1 propensities 1124:1135 CB-inducing propensities 1112:1135 CB-inducing propensities 1112:1135 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 7 85 from roles 1103:1107 arg1 morphology 1144:1153 CB morphology 1141:1153 CB morphology 1141:1153 In contrast, alterations to the constant domain-encoded properties revealed their modulatory roles in CB-inducing propensities and CB morphology. 24703881 3 86 theme secretion-competent 500:518 arg1 clone 533:537 a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone 498:537 a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment 498:656 Using an imaging-based screening method, we identified a secretion-competent human IgG2/λ clone that develops spindle-shaped intracellular crystals in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells upon Brefeldin A treatment. 24703881 1 87 theme antibody-producing 208:225 arg1 cells 227:231 antibody-producing cells 208:231 antibody-producing cells 208:231 Crystalline bodies (CBs) can develop in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells. 24837829 5 0 theme proteins 701:708 arg1 set 688:690 a defined set 678:690 a defined set of cargo proteins 678:708 Gal3 interacted with a defined set of cargo proteins. 24837829 5 0 theme proteins 701:708 arg1 proteins 701:708 cargo proteins 695:708 cargo proteins 695:708 Gal3 interacted with a defined set of cargo proteins. 24837829 9 1 theme GSLs 1121:1124 arg1 capacity 1109:1116 the capacity 1105:1116 the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1105:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 4 2 theme membrane 639:646 arg1 bending 648:654 membrane bending 639:654 membrane bending 639:654 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies showed that Gal3 required GSLs for clustering and membrane bending. 24837829 4 3 theme reconstitution 566:579 arg1 studies 581:587 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies 545:587 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies 545:587 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies showed that Gal3 required GSLs for clustering and membrane bending. 24837829 1 4 theme Several 91:97 arg1 molecules 112:120 Several cell surface molecules 91:120 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors 91:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 1 4 theme Several 91:97 arg1 receptors 143:151 signalling receptors 132:151 signalling receptors 132:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 8 5 theme distinct 904:911 arg1 profile 913:919 a distinct profile 902:919 a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures 902:952 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 8 6 theme different 983:991 arg1 populations 998:1008 different CLIC populations 983:1008 different CLIC populations 983:1008 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 1 7 theme cell 99:102 arg1 molecules 112:120 Several cell surface molecules 91:120 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors 91:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 1 7 theme cell 99:102 arg1 receptors 143:151 signalling receptors 132:151 signalling receptors 132:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 8 8 theme cargoes 924:930 arg1 profile 913:919 a distinct profile 902:919 a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures 902:952 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 9 9 theme clathrin-independent 1135:1154 arg1 bending 1172:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 9 theme clathrin-independent 1135:1154 arg1 step 1191:1194 a first step 1183:1194 a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1183:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 5 10 theme defined 680:686 arg1 set 688:690 a defined set 678:690 a defined set of cargo proteins 678:708 Gal3 interacted with a defined set of cargo proteins. 24837829 5 10 theme defined 680:686 arg1 proteins 701:708 cargo proteins 695:708 cargo proteins 695:708 Gal3 interacted with a defined set of cargo proteins. 24837829 1 11 theme surface 104:110 arg1 molecules 112:120 Several cell surface molecules 91:120 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors 91:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 1 11 theme surface 104:110 arg1 receptors 143:151 signalling receptors 132:151 signalling receptors 132:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 9 12 theme plasma 1156:1161 arg1 bending 1172:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 12 theme plasma 1156:1161 arg1 step 1191:1194 a first step 1183:1194 a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1183:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 13 theme cargo 1085:1089 arg1 proteins 1091:1098 cargo proteins 1085:1098 cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1085:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 14 with proteins 1091:1098 arg1 capacity 1109:1116 the capacity 1105:1116 the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1105:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 15 theme carbohydrate 1057:1068 arg1 specificity 1070:1080 carbohydrate specificity 1057:1080 carbohydrate specificity 1057:1080 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 8 16 theme uptake 936:941 arg1 structures 943:952 uptake structures 936:952 uptake structures 936:952 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 2 17 dep remains 291:297 arg1 initiated 227:235 initiated 227:235 is initiated 224:235 How this process is initiated, how cargo proteins are sorted and membranes are bent remains unknown. 24837829 6 18 theme CD44 745:748 arg1 uptake 720:725 Cellular uptake 711:725 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 711:748 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 was dependent on Gal3, GSLs and branched N-glycosylation. 24837829 3 19 theme distinct 459:466 arg1 class 468:472 a morphologically distinct class 441:472 a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) 441:542 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 3 20 theme -dependent 416:425 arg1 biogenesis 427:436 the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis 389:436 the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) 389:542 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 5 21 theme cargo 695:699 arg1 proteins 701:708 cargo proteins 695:708 cargo proteins 695:708 Gal3 interacted with a defined set of cargo proteins. 24837829 1 22 theme signalling 132:141 arg1 receptors 143:151 signalling receptors 132:151 signalling receptors 132:151 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 6 23 theme cargo 739:743 arg1 CD44 745:748 the CLIC cargo CD44 730:748 the CLIC cargo CD44 730:748 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 was dependent on Gal3, GSLs and branched N-glycosylation. 24837829 3 24 theme class 468:472 arg1 biogenesis 427:436 the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis 389:436 the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) 389:542 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 6 25 theme CLIC 734:737 arg1 CD44 745:748 the CLIC cargo CD44 730:748 the CLIC cargo CD44 730:748 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 was dependent on Gal3, GSLs and branched N-glycosylation. 24837829 0 26 theme glycosphingolipid-dependent 18:44 arg1 biogenesis 46:55 glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis 18:55 glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers 18:88 Galectin-3 drives glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers. 24837829 9 27 theme biogenesis 1204:1213 arg1 bending 1172:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 27 theme biogenesis 1204:1213 arg1 step 1191:1194 a first step 1183:1194 a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1183:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 28 theme first 1185:1189 arg1 bending 1172:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 28 theme first 1185:1189 arg1 step 1191:1194 a first step 1183:1194 a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1183:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 3 29 theme clathrin-independent 506:525 arg1 CLICs 537:541 CLICs 537:541 CLICs 537:541 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 3 29 theme clathrin-independent 506:525 arg1 carriers 527:534 clathrin-independent carriers 506:534 clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) 506:542 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 0 30 theme clathrin-independent 60:79 arg1 carriers 81:88 clathrin-independent carriers 60:88 clathrin-independent carriers 60:88 Galectin-3 drives glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers. 24837829 8 31 theme different 873:881 arg1 galectins 883:891 different galectins 873:891 different galectins 873:891 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 3 32 theme structures 487:496 arg1 class 468:472 a morphologically distinct class 441:472 a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs) 441:542 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 9 33 theme CLIC 1199:1202 arg1 biogenesis 1204:1213 CLIC biogenesis 1199:1213 CLIC biogenesis 1199:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 0 34 theme carriers 81:88 arg1 biogenesis 46:55 glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis 18:55 glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers 18:88 Galectin-3 drives glycosphingolipid-dependent biogenesis of clathrin-independent carriers. 24837829 8 35 theme CLIC 993:996 arg1 populations 998:1008 different CLIC populations 983:1008 different CLIC populations 983:1008 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 7 36 theme β1-integrin 823:833 arg1 Endocytosis 808:818 Endocytosis 808:818 Endocytosis of β1-integrin 808:833 Endocytosis of β1-integrin was also reliant on Gal3. 24837829 6 37 theme branched 782:789 arg1 N-glycosylation 791:805 branched N-glycosylation 782:805 branched N-glycosylation 782:805 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 was dependent on Gal3, GSLs and branched N-glycosylation. 24837829 1 38 theme clathrin-independent 173:192 arg1 endocytosis 194:204 clathrin-independent endocytosis 173:204 clathrin-independent endocytosis 173:204 Several cell surface molecules including signalling receptors are internalized by clathrin-independent endocytosis. 24837829 6 39 theme Cellular 711:718 arg1 uptake 720:725 Cellular uptake 711:725 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 711:748 Cellular uptake of the CLIC cargo CD44 was dependent on Gal3, GSLs and branched N-glycosylation. 24837829 3 40 theme carbohydrate-binding 330:349 arg1 galectin-3 360:369 galectin-3 360:369 galectin-3 (Gal3) 360:376 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 3 40 theme carbohydrate-binding 330:349 arg1 protein 351:357 a carbohydrate-binding protein 328:357 a carbohydrate-binding protein 328:357 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 8 41 theme structures 943:952 arg1 profile 913:919 a distinct profile 902:919 a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures 902:952 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 8 42 theme galectins 883:891 arg1 Analysis 861:868 Analysis 861:868 Analysis of different galectins 861:891 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 9 43 theme membrane 1163:1170 arg1 bending 1172:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending 1135:1178 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 9 43 theme membrane 1163:1170 arg1 step 1191:1194 a first step 1183:1194 a first step of CLIC biogenesis 1183:1213 We conclude that Gal3 functionally integrates carbohydrate specificity on cargo proteins with the capacity of GSLs to drive clathrin-independent plasma membrane bending as a first step of CLIC biogenesis. 24837829 2 44 theme cargo 242:246 arg1 proteins 248:255 cargo proteins 242:255 cargo proteins 242:255 How this process is initiated, how cargo proteins are sorted and membranes are bent remains unknown. 24837829 8 45 theme populations 998:1008 arg1 existence 970:978 the existence 966:978 the existence of different CLIC populations 966:1008 Analysis of different galectins revealed a distinct profile of cargoes and uptake structures, suggesting the existence of different CLIC populations. 24837829 3 46 theme endocytic 477:485 arg1 structures 487:496 endocytic structures 477:496 endocytic structures 477:496 Here, we found that a carbohydrate-binding protein, galectin-3 (Gal3), triggered the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-dependent biogenesis of a morphologically distinct class of endocytic structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs). 24837829 4 47 theme Super-resolution 545:560 arg1 studies 581:587 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies 545:587 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies 545:587 Super-resolution and reconstitution studies showed that Gal3 required GSLs for clustering and membrane bending. 26733465 13 0 from changes 1545:1551 arg1 form 1585:1588 a polydispersed form 1569:1588 a polydispersed form in the cell walls 1569:1606 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 1 1 theme wall 236:239 arg1 corners 241:247 cell wall corners 231:247 cell wall corners 231:247 Du ring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. 26733465 4 2 theme cell 568:571 arg1 composition 578:588 the cell wall composition 564:588 the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation 564:647 This softening process is believed to be mainly connected with changes in the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation. 26733465 6 3 theme microscopy 805:814 arg1 application 784:794 the application 780:794 the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage 780:948 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 13 4 from form 1585:1588 arg1 walls 1602:1606 the cell walls 1593:1606 the cell walls 1593:1606 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 13 4 from form 1585:1588 arg1 pectins 1556:1562 pectins 1556:1562 pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls 1556:1606 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 13 4 from form 1585:1588 arg1 changes 1545:1551 changes 1545:1551 changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners 1545:1647 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 10 5 theme middle 1337:1342 arg1 lamella 1344:1350 the middle lamella 1333:1350 the middle lamella 1333:1350 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 1 6 theme pectin 155:160 arg1 distribution 162:173 the pectin distribution 151:173 the pectin distribution 151:173 Du ring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. 26733465 6 7 theme cell 885:888 arg1 wall 890:893 the cell wall 881:893 the cell wall of apples 881:903 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 9 8 theme chemical 1167:1174 arg1 analysis 1176:1183 the chemical analysis 1163:1183 the chemical analysis 1163:1183 The Raman maps, as well as the chemical analysis were obtained for each harvest date and after 1, 2 and 3 months of storage, respectively. 26733465 16 9 theme cell 2077:2080 arg1 wall 2082:2085 the cell wall 2073:2085 the cell wall 2073:2085 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 4 10 theme enzymatic 627:635 arg1 degradation 637:647 an enzymatic degradation 624:647 an enzymatic degradation 624:647 This softening process is believed to be mainly connected with changes in the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation. 26733465 15 11 theme Raman 1799:1803 arg1 imaging 1814:1820 Raman chemical imaging 1799:1820 Raman chemical imaging 1799:1820 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 15 11 theme Raman 1799:1803 arg1 tool 1845:1848 a very useful tool 1831:1848 a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1831:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 5 12 theme chemical 721:728 arg1 analysis 730:737 chemical analysis 721:737 chemical analysis 721:737 These changes in polysaccharides are currently mainly investigated via chemical analysis or monoclonal labeling. 26733465 7 13 theme harvest 1012:1018 arg1 date 1020:1023 optimal harvest date 1004:1023 optimal harvest date 1004:1023 The apples were harvested 1 month and 2 weeks before optimal harvest date as well as at the optimal harvest date. 26733465 1 14 theme cell 205:208 arg1 wall 210:213 cell wall 205:213 cell wall 205:213 Du ring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. 26733465 9 15 theme harvest 1208:1214 arg1 date 1216:1219 each harvest date 1203:1219 each harvest date 1203:1219 The Raman maps, as well as the chemical analysis were obtained for each harvest date and after 1, 2 and 3 months of storage, respectively. 26733465 12 16 theme analysis 1508:1515 arg1 results 1517:1523 the chemical analysis results 1495:1523 the chemical analysis results 1495:1523 These findings were confirmed by the chemical analysis results. 26733465 15 17 from changes 1894:1900 arg1 tissue 1911:1916 plant tissue 1905:1916 plant tissue 1905:1916 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 14 18 theme substantial 1732:1742 arg1 decrease 1751:1758 an substantial pectin decrease 1729:1758 an substantial pectin decrease 1729:1758 In contrast after 3 months of apple storage we could observe an substantial pectin decrease. 26733465 13 19 theme cumulated 1613:1621 arg1 form 1623:1626 a cumulated form 1611:1626 a cumulated form in cell wall corners 1611:1647 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 0 20 theme cell 68:71 arg1 wall 73:76 the cell wall 64:76 the cell wall 64:76 Raman imaging of changes in the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall during apple fruit development and senescence. 26733465 13 21 theme cell 1597:1600 arg1 walls 1602:1606 the cell walls 1593:1606 the cell walls 1593:1606 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 3 22 theme tissue 409:414 arg1 properties 389:398 the texture properties 377:398 the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage 377:487 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 4 23 from changes 553:559 arg1 composition 578:588 the cell wall composition 564:588 the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation 564:647 This softening process is believed to be mainly connected with changes in the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation. 26733465 3 24 theme cell 356:359 arg1 wall 361:364 The plant cell wall 346:364 The plant cell wall 346:364 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 16 25 theme polysaccharides 2050:2064 arg1 identification 2032:2045 identification 2032:2045 identification 2032:2045 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 16 25 theme polysaccharides 2050:2064 arg1 localization 2015:2026 simultaneous localization 2002:2026 simultaneous localization 2002:2026 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 2 26 dep evenly 308:313 arg1 dispersed 315:323 dispersed 315:323 to evenly dispersed along the cell wall 305:343 During apple storage, the pectin distribution returned to evenly dispersed along the cell wall. 26733465 15 27 theme first 1856:1860 arg1 identification 1862:1875 a first identification 1854:1875 a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1854:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 16 28 theme great 1948:1952 arg1 microspectroscopy 1970:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy 1944:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy 1944:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 13 29 theme polydispersed 1571:1583 arg1 form 1585:1588 a polydispersed form 1569:1588 a polydispersed form in the cell walls 1569:1606 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 10 30 theme maps 1301:1304 arg1 analysis 1279:1286 The analysis 1275:1286 The analysis of the Raman maps 1275:1304 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 14 31 theme storage 1704:1710 arg1 months 1688:1693 3 months 1686:1693 3 months of apple storage 1686:1710 In contrast after 3 months of apple storage we could observe an substantial pectin decrease. 26733465 1 32 theme ring 128:131 arg1 ripening 141:148 ring on-tree ripening 128:148 ring on-tree ripening 128:148 Du ring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. 26733465 3 33 theme texture 381:387 arg1 properties 389:398 the texture properties 377:398 the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage 377:487 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 15 34 theme plant 1905:1909 arg1 tissue 1911:1916 plant tissue 1905:1916 plant tissue 1905:1916 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 15 35 theme changes 1894:1900 arg1 identification 1862:1875 a first identification 1854:1875 a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1854:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 0 36 theme polysaccharides 32:46 arg1 distribution 48:59 the polysaccharides distribution 28:59 the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall 28:76 Raman imaging of changes in the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall during apple fruit development and senescence. 26733465 8 37 theme harvest 1097:1103 arg1 date 1105:1108 optimal harvest date 1089:1108 optimal harvest date 1089:1108 The apples harvested at optimal harvest date were stored for 3 months. 26733465 1 38 theme on-tree 133:139 arg1 ripening 141:148 ring on-tree ripening 128:148 ring on-tree ripening 128:148 Du ring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. 26733465 4 39 theme wall 573:576 arg1 composition 578:588 the cell wall composition 564:588 the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation 564:647 This softening process is believed to be mainly connected with changes in the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation. 26733465 10 40 from pectins 1322:1328 arg1 lamella 1344:1350 the middle lamella 1333:1350 the middle lamella 1333:1350 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 10 40 from pectins 1322:1328 arg1 wall 1369:1372 primary cell wall 1356:1372 primary cell wall 1356:1372 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 4 41 theme due 590:592 arg1 composition 578:588 the cell wall composition 564:588 the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation 564:647 This softening process is believed to be mainly connected with changes in the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation. 26733465 9 42 theme Raman 1140:1144 arg1 maps 1146:1149 The Raman maps 1136:1149 The Raman maps 1136:1149 The Raman maps, as well as the chemical analysis were obtained for each harvest date and after 1, 2 and 3 months of storage, respectively. 26733465 2 43 theme cell 335:338 arg1 wall 340:343 the cell wall 331:343 the cell wall 331:343 During apple storage, the pectin distribution returned to evenly dispersed along the cell wall. 26733465 16 44 theme Raman 1964:1968 arg1 microspectroscopy 1970:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy 1944:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy 1944:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 1 45 theme cell 231:234 arg1 corners 241:247 cell wall corners 231:247 cell wall corners 231:247 Du ring on-tree ripening, the pectin distribution changed from polydispersed in cell wall to cumulated in cell wall corners. 26733465 10 46 theme cell 1364:1367 arg1 wall 1369:1372 primary cell wall 1356:1372 primary cell wall 1356:1372 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 6 47 theme apples 898:903 arg1 wall 890:893 the cell wall 881:893 the cell wall of apples 881:903 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 6 48 dep ripening 917:924 arg1 storage 942:948 storage 942:948 storage 942:948 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 16 49 dep localization 2015:2026 arg1 the 1998:2000 the 1998:2000 the 1998:2000 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 6 50 theme Raman 799:803 arg1 microscopy 805:814 Raman microscopy 799:814 Raman microscopy 799:814 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 2 51 theme apple 257:261 arg1 storage 263:269 apple storage 257:269 apple storage 257:269 During apple storage, the pectin distribution returned to evenly dispersed along the cell wall. 26733465 13 52 theme pectins 1556:1562 arg1 changes 1545:1551 changes 1545:1551 changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners 1545:1647 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 15 53 theme chemical 1805:1812 arg1 imaging 1814:1820 Raman chemical imaging 1799:1820 Raman chemical imaging 1799:1820 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 15 53 theme chemical 1805:1812 arg1 tool 1845:1848 a very useful tool 1831:1848 a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1831:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 7 54 theme harvest 1051:1057 arg1 date 1059:1062 the optimal harvest date 1039:1062 the optimal harvest date 1039:1062 The apples were harvested 1 month and 2 weeks before optimal harvest date as well as at the optimal harvest date. 26733465 2 55 theme pectin 276:281 arg1 distribution 283:294 the pectin distribution 272:294 the pectin distribution 272:294 During apple storage, the pectin distribution returned to evenly dispersed along the cell wall. 26733465 6 56 from changes 835:841 arg1 distribution 865:876 the polysaccharide distribution 846:876 the polysaccharide distribution 846:876 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 6 56 from changes 835:841 arg1 wall 890:893 the cell wall 881:893 the cell wall of apples 881:903 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 12 57 theme chemical 1499:1506 arg1 results 1517:1523 the chemical analysis results 1495:1523 the chemical analysis results 1495:1523 These findings were confirmed by the chemical analysis results. 26733465 16 58 dep offers 1988:1993 arg1 identification 2032:2045 identification 2032:2045 identification 2032:2045 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 16 58 dep offers 1988:1993 arg1 localization 2015:2026 simultaneous localization 2002:2026 simultaneous localization 2002:2026 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 15 59 from identification 1862:1875 arg1 tissue 1911:1916 plant tissue 1905:1916 plant tissue 1905:1916 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 7 60 theme optimal 1004:1010 arg1 date 1020:1023 optimal harvest date 1004:1023 optimal harvest date 1004:1023 The apples were harvested 1 month and 2 weeks before optimal harvest date as well as at the optimal harvest date. 26733465 14 61 theme pectin 1744:1749 arg1 decrease 1751:1758 an substantial pectin decrease 1729:1758 an substantial pectin decrease 1729:1758 In contrast after 3 months of apple storage we could observe an substantial pectin decrease. 26733465 0 62 from changes 17:23 arg1 distribution 48:59 the polysaccharides distribution 28:59 the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall 28:76 Raman imaging of changes in the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall during apple fruit development and senescence. 26733465 4 63 theme softening 495:503 arg1 process 505:511 This softening process 490:511 This softening process 490:511 This softening process is believed to be mainly connected with changes in the cell wall composition due to polysaccharides undergoing an enzymatic degradation. 26733465 10 64 theme primary 1356:1362 arg1 wall 1369:1372 primary cell wall 1356:1372 primary cell wall 1356:1372 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 16 65 theme simultaneous 2002:2013 arg1 localization 2015:2026 simultaneous localization 2002:2026 simultaneous localization 2002:2026 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 15 66 from tissue 1911:1916 arg1 identification 1862:1875 a first identification 1854:1875 a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1854:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 0 67 theme apple 85:89 arg1 development 97:107 apple fruit development 85:107 apple fruit development 85:107 Raman imaging of changes in the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall during apple fruit development and senescence. 26733465 0 68 from distribution 48:59 arg1 wall 73:76 the cell wall 64:76 the cell wall 64:76 Raman imaging of changes in the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall during apple fruit development and senescence. 26733465 13 69 theme cell 1631:1634 arg1 corners 1641:1647 cell wall corners 1631:1647 cell wall corners 1631:1647 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 5 70 theme monoclonal 742:751 arg1 labeling 753:760 monoclonal labeling 742:760 monoclonal labeling 742:760 These changes in polysaccharides are currently mainly investigated via chemical analysis or monoclonal labeling. 26733465 13 71 theme wall 1636:1639 arg1 corners 1641:1647 cell wall corners 1631:1647 cell wall corners 1631:1647 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 9 72 theme storage 1252:1258 arg1 months 1242:1247 1, 2 and 3 months 1231:1247 1, 2 and 3 months of storage 1231:1258 The Raman maps, as well as the chemical analysis were obtained for each harvest date and after 1, 2 and 3 months of storage, respectively. 26733465 3 73 dep properties 389:398 arg1 become 435:440 become 435:440 become softer during ripening and postharvest storage 435:487 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 15 74 theme useful 1838:1843 arg1 imaging 1814:1820 Raman chemical imaging 1799:1820 Raman chemical imaging 1799:1820 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 15 74 theme useful 1838:1843 arg1 tool 1845:1848 a very useful tool 1831:1848 a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1831:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 3 75 theme fruit 403:407 arg1 tissue 409:414 fruit tissue 403:414 fruit tissue for example 403:426 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 11 76 from changes 1401:1407 arg1 hemicellulose 1426:1438 hemicellulose 1426:1438 hemicellulose 1426:1438 The changes in cellulose and hemicellulose were less pronounced. 26733465 11 76 from changes 1401:1407 arg1 cellulose 1412:1420 cellulose 1412:1420 cellulose 1412:1420 The changes in cellulose and hemicellulose were less pronounced. 26733465 3 77 theme plant 350:354 arg1 wall 361:364 The plant cell wall 346:364 The plant cell wall 346:364 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 14 78 theme apple 1698:1702 arg1 storage 1704:1710 apple storage 1698:1710 apple storage 1698:1710 In contrast after 3 months of apple storage we could observe an substantial pectin decrease. 26733465 0 79 theme fruit 91:95 arg1 development 97:107 apple fruit development 85:107 apple fruit development 85:107 Raman imaging of changes in the polysaccharides distribution in the cell wall during apple fruit development and senescence. 26733465 16 80 theme plant 2091:2095 arg1 tissue 2097:2102 plant tissue 2091:2102 plant tissue 2091:2102 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 5 81 from changes 656:662 arg1 polysaccharides 667:681 polysaccharides 667:681 polysaccharides 667:681 These changes in polysaccharides are currently mainly investigated via chemical analysis or monoclonal labeling. 26733465 8 82 theme optimal 1089:1095 arg1 date 1105:1108 optimal harvest date 1089:1108 optimal harvest date 1089:1108 The apples harvested at optimal harvest date were stored for 3 months. 26733465 6 83 theme polysaccharide 850:863 arg1 distribution 865:876 the polysaccharide distribution 846:876 the polysaccharide distribution 846:876 Here, we propose the application of Raman microscopy for evaluating the changes in the polysaccharide distribution in the cell wall of apples during both ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 7 84 theme optimal 1043:1049 arg1 date 1059:1062 the optimal harvest date 1039:1062 the optimal harvest date 1039:1062 The apples were harvested 1 month and 2 weeks before optimal harvest date as well as at the optimal harvest date. 26733465 16 85 theme advantage 1954:1962 arg1 microspectroscopy 1970:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy 1944:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy 1944:1986 The great advantage Raman microspectroscopy offers is the simultaneous localization and identification of polysaccharides within the cell wall and plant tissue. 26733465 3 86 theme postharvest 469:479 arg1 storage 481:487 postharvest storage 469:487 postharvest storage 469:487 The plant cell wall influences the texture properties of fruit tissue for example apples become softer during ripening and postharvest storage. 26733465 13 87 from form 1623:1626 arg1 corners 1641:1647 cell wall corners 1631:1647 cell wall corners 1631:1647 During development changes of pectins from a polydispersed form in the cell walls to a cumulated form in cell wall corners could be observed. 26733465 15 88 theme compositional 1880:1892 arg1 changes 1894:1900 compositional changes 1880:1900 compositional changes in plant tissue during their development 1880:1941 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26733465 10 89 theme Raman 1295:1299 arg1 maps 1301:1304 the Raman maps 1291:1304 the Raman maps 1291:1304 The analysis of the Raman maps showed that the pectins in the middle lamella and primary cell wall undergo a degradation. 26733465 15 90 theme obtained 1765:1772 arg1 results 1774:1780 The obtained results 1761:1780 The obtained results 1761:1780 The obtained results demonstrate that Raman chemical imaging might be a very useful tool for a first identification of compositional changes in plant tissue during their development. 26700758 0 0 theme thin-film 75:83 arg1 TFC 96:98 TFC 96:98 TFC 96:98 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 0 0 theme thin-film 75:83 arg1 composite 85:93 thin-film composite 75:93 thin-film composite (TFC) 75:99 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 1 1 dep process 270:276 arg1 polyamide 336:344 composite (TFC) polyamide 320:344 composite (TFC) polyamide 320:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 1 2 theme membrane 222:229 arg1 materials 231:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials 193:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide 193:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 2 3 theme membrane 432:439 arg1 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 2 3 theme membrane 432:439 arg1 bioreactors 441:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors 424:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 424:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 5 4 theme FO 1002:1003 arg1 membrane 1005:1012 the CTA FO membrane 994:1012 the CTA FO membrane 994:1012 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 5 5 theme CTA 998:1000 arg1 membrane 1005:1012 the CTA FO membrane 994:1012 the CTA FO membrane 994:1012 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 1 6 theme materials 231:239 arg1 types 184:188 two types 180:188 two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide 180:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 4 7 theme FO 862:863 arg1 membrane 865:872 the TFC FO membrane 854:872 the TFC FO membrane 854:872 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 1 8 theme thin 310:313 arg1 film 315:318 thin film 310:318 thin film 310:318 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 3 9 theme FO 582:583 arg1 membrane 585:592 the CTA FO membrane 574:592 the CTA FO membrane 574:592 In current study, its biofouling behaviors in OMBRs were investigated and further compared to the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 6 10 theme surface 1185:1191 arg1 properties 1193:1202 different membrane surface properties 1166:1202 different membrane surface properties 1166:1202 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 3 11 theme current 483:489 arg1 study 491:495 current study 483:495 current study 483:495 In current study, its biofouling behaviors in OMBRs were investigated and further compared to the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 5 12 theme biofouling 939:948 arg1 layer 950:954 a tighter biofouling layer 929:954 a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume 929:978 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 0 13 theme composite 85:93 arg1 membranes 127:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes 44:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors 44:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 2 14 from membrane 412:419 arg1 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 2 14 from membrane 412:419 arg1 bioreactors 441:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors 424:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 424:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 6 15 theme FO 1134:1135 arg1 membranes 1137:1145 CTA and TFC FO membranes 1122:1145 membranes 1137:1145 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 4 16 theme biovolume 716:724 arg1 % 705:705 approximately 77% 689:705 approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane 689:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 16 theme biovolume 716:724 arg1 biovolume 716:724 total biovolume 710:724 total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane 710:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 1 17 theme composite 320:328 arg1 polyamide 336:344 composite (TFC) polyamide 320:344 composite (TFC) polyamide 320:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 4 18 from biovolume 716:724 arg1 membrane 740:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 19 theme CTA 733:735 arg1 membrane 740:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 2 20 theme FO 409:410 arg1 membrane 412:419 commercial TFC FO membrane 394:419 commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 394:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 2 21 theme osmotic 424:430 arg1 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 2 21 theme osmotic 424:430 arg1 bioreactors 441:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors 424:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 424:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 4 22 dep polysaccharides 773:787 arg1 ratio 800:804 biovolume ratio 790:804 biovolume ratio of 81.1% 790:813 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 2 23 theme TFC 405:407 arg1 membrane 412:419 commercial TFC FO membrane 394:419 commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 394:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 1 24 theme TFC 331:333 arg1 polyamide 336:344 composite (TFC) polyamide 320:344 composite (TFC) polyamide 320:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 1 25 from researches 253:262 arg1 CTA 301:303 CTA 301:303 CTA 301:303 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 1 25 from researches 253:262 arg1 process 270:276 FO process 267:276 FO process 267:276 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 1 25 from researches 253:262 arg1 triacetate 289:298 cellulose triacetate 279:298 cellulose triacetate (CTA) 279:304 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 1 25 from researches 253:262 arg1 film 315:318 thin film 310:318 thin film 310:318 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 3 26 theme biofouling 502:511 arg1 behaviors 513:521 its biofouling behaviors 498:521 its biofouling behaviors in OMBRs 498:530 In current study, its biofouling behaviors in OMBRs were investigated and further compared to the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 2 27 theme commercial 394:403 arg1 membrane 412:419 commercial TFC FO membrane 394:419 commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 394:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 4 28 theme % 813:813 arg1 ratio 800:804 biovolume ratio 790:804 biovolume ratio of 81.1% 790:813 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 29 from % 705:705 arg1 membrane 740:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 6 30 theme CTA 1122:1124 arg1 membranes 1137:1145 CTA and TFC FO membranes 1122:1145 membranes 1137:1145 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 0 31 theme mechanisms 25:34 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 0:168 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 0 32 theme forward 111:117 arg1 membranes 127:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes 44:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors 44:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 6 33 theme membrane 1176:1183 arg1 properties 1193:1202 different membrane surface properties 1166:1202 different membrane surface properties 1166:1202 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 4 34 theme total 710:714 arg1 biovolume 716:724 total biovolume 710:724 total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane 710:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 2 35 theme fouling 372:378 arg1 mechanisms 380:389 performance and fouling mechanisms 356:389 performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 356:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 0 36 theme biofouling 14:23 arg1 mechanisms 25:34 biofouling mechanisms 14:34 biofouling mechanisms 14:34 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 1 37 theme FO 267:268 arg1 process 270:276 FO process 267:276 FO process 267:276 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 0 38 theme polyamide 101:109 arg1 membranes 127:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes 44:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors 44:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 2 39 from bioreactors 441:451 arg1 mechanisms 380:389 performance and fouling mechanisms 356:389 performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 356:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 5 40 theme biofouling 895:904 arg1 structure 906:914 the biofouling structure 891:914 the biofouling structure 891:914 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 0 41 theme cellulose 44:52 arg1 CTA 66:68 CTA 66:68 CTA 66:68 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 0 41 theme cellulose 44:52 arg1 triacetate 54:63 cellulose triacetate 44:63 cellulose triacetate (CTA) 44:69 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 2 42 theme performance 356:366 arg1 mechanisms 380:389 performance and fouling mechanisms 356:389 performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 356:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 1 43 theme popular 193:199 arg1 materials 231:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials 193:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide 193:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 0 44 theme osmosis 119:125 arg1 membranes 127:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes 44:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors 44:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 5 45 theme larger 963:968 arg1 biovolume 970:978 a larger biovolume 961:978 a larger biovolume 961:978 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 1 46 theme forward 201:207 arg1 materials 231:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials 193:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide 193:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 2 47 theme membrane 412:419 arg1 mechanisms 380:389 performance and fouling mechanisms 356:389 performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 356:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 1 48 theme cellulose 279:287 arg1 CTA 301:303 CTA 301:303 CTA 301:303 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 1 48 theme cellulose 279:287 arg1 triacetate 289:298 cellulose triacetate 279:298 cellulose triacetate (CTA) 279:304 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 0 49 theme osmotic 140:146 arg1 bioreactors 157:167 osmotic membrane bioreactors 140:167 osmotic membrane bioreactors 140:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 3 50 theme CTA 578:580 arg1 membrane 585:592 the CTA FO membrane 574:592 the CTA FO membrane 574:592 In current study, its biofouling behaviors in OMBRs were investigated and further compared to the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 2 51 from mechanisms 380:389 arg1 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 OMBRs 454:458 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 2 51 from mechanisms 380:389 arg1 bioreactors 441:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors 424:451 osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) 424:459 However, performance and fouling mechanisms of commercial TFC FO membrane in osmotic membrane bioreactors (OMBRs) are still unknown. 26700758 0 52 theme triacetate 54:63 arg1 membranes 127:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes 44:135 cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors 44:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 4 53 theme biovolume 790:798 arg1 ratio 800:804 biovolume ratio 790:804 biovolume ratio of 81.1% 790:813 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 54 theme dominant 830:837 arg1 biofoulants 839:849 the only dominant biofoulants 821:849 the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane 821:872 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 54 theme dominant 830:837 arg1 polysaccharides 773:787 β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides 755:787 β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) 755:814 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 55 theme TFC 858:860 arg1 membrane 865:872 the TFC FO membrane 854:872 the TFC FO membrane 854:872 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 6 56 theme TFC 1130:1132 arg1 membranes 1137:1145 CTA and TFC FO membranes 1122:1145 membranes 1137:1145 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 5 57 theme tighter 931:937 arg1 layer 950:954 a tighter biofouling layer 929:954 a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume 929:978 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 6 58 theme biofoulants 1065:1075 arg1 composition 1077:1087 biofoulants composition 1065:1087 biofoulants composition 1065:1087 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 0 59 from membranes 127:135 arg1 bioreactors 157:167 osmotic membrane bioreactors 140:167 osmotic membrane bioreactors 140:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 0 60 theme membrane 148:155 arg1 bioreactors 157:167 osmotic membrane bioreactors 140:167 osmotic membrane bioreactors 140:167 Comparison of biofouling mechanisms between cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes in osmotic membrane bioreactors. 26700758 6 61 theme different 1166:1174 arg1 properties 1193:1202 different membrane surface properties 1166:1202 different membrane surface properties 1166:1202 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 4 62 theme FO 737:738 arg1 membrane 740:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 the CTA FO membrane 729:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 6 63 theme biofouling 1034:1043 arg1 behaviors 1045:1053 biofouling behaviors 1034:1053 biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure 1034:1112 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 6 63 theme biofouling 1034:1043 arg1 composition 1077:1087 biofoulants composition 1065:1087 biofoulants composition 1065:1087 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 6 63 theme biofouling 1034:1043 arg1 structure 1104:1112 biofouling structure 1093:1112 biofouling structure 1093:1112 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 5 64 from analyses 879:886 arg1 structure 906:914 the biofouling structure 891:914 the biofouling structure 891:914 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 5 65 with layer 950:954 arg1 biovolume 970:978 a larger biovolume 961:978 a larger biovolume 961:978 The analyses on the biofouling structure implied that a tighter biofouling layer with a larger biovolume was formed on the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 4 66 from biofoulants 839:849 arg1 membrane 865:872 the TFC FO membrane 854:872 the TFC FO membrane 854:872 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 67 theme β-D-glucopyranose 755:771 arg1 biofoulants 839:849 the only dominant biofoulants 821:849 the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane 821:872 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 67 theme β-D-glucopyranose 755:771 arg1 polysaccharides 773:787 β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides 755:787 β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) 755:814 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 6 68 from differences 1019:1029 arg1 behaviors 1045:1053 biofouling behaviors 1034:1053 biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure 1034:1112 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 6 68 from differences 1019:1029 arg1 composition 1077:1087 biofoulants composition 1065:1087 biofoulants composition 1065:1087 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 6 68 from differences 1019:1029 arg1 structure 1104:1112 biofouling structure 1093:1112 biofouling structure 1093:1112 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 4 69 theme β-D-glucopyranose 622:638 arg1 polysaccharides 640:654 β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides 622:654 β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides 622:654 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 3 70 from behaviors 513:521 arg1 OMBRs 526:530 OMBRs 526:530 OMBRs 526:530 In current study, its biofouling behaviors in OMBRs were investigated and further compared to the CTA FO membrane. 26700758 1 71 theme FO 218:219 arg1 materials 231:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials 193:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide 193:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 26700758 6 72 theme biofouling 1093:1102 arg1 structure 1104:1112 biofouling structure 1093:1112 biofouling structure 1093:1112 The differences in biofouling behaviors including biofoulants composition and biofouling structure between CTA and TFC FO membranes were attributed to different membrane surface properties. 26700758 4 73 from membrane 740:747 arg1 % 705:705 approximately 77% 689:705 approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane 689:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 4 73 from membrane 740:747 arg1 biovolume 716:724 total biovolume 710:724 total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane 710:747 The results indicated that β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides and microorganisms accounted for approximately 77% of total biovolume on the CTA FO membrane while β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides (biovolume ratio of 81.1%) were the only dominant biofoulants on the TFC FO membrane. 26700758 1 74 theme osmosis 209:215 arg1 materials 231:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials 193:239 popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide 193:344 There are two types of popular forward osmosis (FO) membrane materials applied for researches on FO process, cellulose triacetate (CTA) and thin film composite (TFC) polyamide. 25129717 4 0 from arabinose 727:735 arg1 rich 719:722 rich 719:722 rich 719:722 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 0 from arabinose 727:735 arg1 others 707:712 the others 703:712 the others 703:712 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 5 1 theme proliferation 833:845 arg1 index 847:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 7 2 theme biological 1032:1041 arg1 activities 1043:1052 biological activities 1032:1052 biological activities 1032:1052 Their observed differences in biological activities were probably due to their structure differences. 25129717 3 3 theme β-type 604:609 arg1 linkages 622:629 β-type glycosidic linkages 604:629 β-type glycosidic linkages 604:629 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 3 4 theme glycosidic 611:620 arg1 linkages 622:629 β-type glycosidic linkages 604:629 β-type glycosidic linkages 604:629 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 7 5 from differences 1017:1027 arg1 activities 1043:1052 biological activities 1032:1052 biological activities 1032:1052 Their observed differences in biological activities were probably due to their structure differences. 25129717 7 6 theme observed 1008:1015 arg1 differences 1017:1027 Their observed differences 1002:1027 Their observed differences in biological activities 1002:1052 Their observed differences in biological activities were probably due to their structure differences. 25129717 1 7 dep depressa 160:167 arg1 PDSP-1 170:175 PDSP-1 170:175 PDSP-1 170:175 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 1 7 dep depressa 160:167 arg1 PDSP-4 197:202 PDSP-4 197:202 PDSP-4 197:202 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 1 7 dep depressa 160:167 arg1 PDSP-3 186:191 PDSP-3 186:191 PDSP-3 186:191 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 1 7 dep depressa 160:167 arg1 PDSP-2 178:183 PDSP-2 178:183 PDSP-2 178:183 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 2 8 theme molecular 355:363 arg1 weight 365:370 molecular weight 355:370 molecular weight 355:370 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 5 9 theme immunomodulatory 772:787 arg1 effects 789:795 The immunomodulatory effects 768:795 The immunomodulatory effects of them 768:803 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 3 10 theme molecular 545:553 arg1 weight 555:560 high molecular weight 540:560 high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 540:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 8 11 theme linkage 1137:1143 arg1 types 1145:1149 linkage types 1137:1149 linkage types 1137:1149 And monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular weight may affect their immunomodulatory activities. 25129717 5 12 theme splenocyte 822:831 arg1 index 847:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 1 13 theme Sephacryl 277:285 arg1 chromatography 296:309 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography 255:309 chromatography 296:309 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 6 14 theme immunomodulatory 930:945 arg1 activities 947:956 significant immunomodulatory activities 918:956 significant immunomodulatory activities 918:956 They all showed significant immunomodulatory activities, and PDSP-3 presented the strongest effect. 25129717 4 15 from rich 719:722 arg1 arabinose 727:735 arabinose 727:735 arabinose 727:735 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 15 from rich 719:722 arg1 fucose 738:743 fucose 738:743 fucose 738:743 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 15 from rich 719:722 arg1 acid 762:765 galacturonic acid 749:765 galacturonic acid 749:765 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 6 16 theme significant 918:928 arg1 activities 947:956 significant immunomodulatory activities 918:956 significant immunomodulatory activities 918:956 They all showed significant immunomodulatory activities, and PDSP-3 presented the strongest effect. 25129717 8 17 theme monosaccharide 1108:1121 arg1 compositions 1123:1134 monosaccharide compositions 1108:1134 monosaccharide compositions 1108:1134 And monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular weight may affect their immunomodulatory activities. 25129717 1 18 theme purified 103:110 arg1 fractions 127:135 Four purified polysaccharide fractions 98:135 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) 98:203 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 1 19 theme S-400 287:291 arg1 chromatography 296:309 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography 255:309 chromatography 296:309 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 4 20 theme galacturonic 749:760 arg1 acid 762:765 galacturonic acid 749:765 galacturonic acid 749:765 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 1 21 from seeds 142:146 arg1 fractions 127:135 Four purified polysaccharide fractions 98:135 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) 98:203 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 1 22 theme polysaccharide 112:125 arg1 fractions 127:135 Four purified polysaccharide fractions 98:135 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) 98:203 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 2 23 theme glycosidic 405:414 arg1 linkage 416:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 1 24 theme HR 293:294 arg1 chromatography 296:309 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography 255:309 chromatography 296:309 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 2 25 theme physicochemical 318:332 arg1 FT-IR 395:399 FT-IR 395:399 FT-IR 395:399 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 25 theme physicochemical 318:332 arg1 properties 334:343 Basic physicochemical properties 312:343 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions 312:441 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 25 theme physicochemical 318:332 arg1 weight 365:370 molecular weight 355:370 molecular weight 355:370 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 25 theme physicochemical 318:332 arg1 composition 382:392 chemical composition 373:392 chemical composition 373:392 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 25 theme physicochemical 318:332 arg1 linkage 416:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 3 26 theme protein-bound 499:511 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 513:533 homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides 480:533 homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 480:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 5 27 theme NO 871:872 arg1 production 857:866 production 857:866 production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages 857:899 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 5 27 theme NO 871:872 arg1 index 847:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 8 28 theme molecular 1155:1163 arg1 weight 1165:1170 molecular weight 1155:1170 molecular weight 1155:1170 And monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular weight may affect their immunomodulatory activities. 25129717 2 29 theme Basic 312:316 arg1 FT-IR 395:399 FT-IR 395:399 FT-IR 395:399 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 29 theme Basic 312:316 arg1 properties 334:343 Basic physicochemical properties 312:343 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions 312:441 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 29 theme Basic 312:316 arg1 weight 365:370 molecular weight 355:370 molecular weight 355:370 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 29 theme Basic 312:316 arg1 composition 382:392 chemical composition 373:392 chemical composition 373:392 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 29 theme Basic 312:316 arg1 linkage 416:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 5 30 theme TNF-α 878:882 arg1 production 857:866 production 857:866 production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages 857:899 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 5 30 theme TNF-α 878:882 arg1 index 847:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 4 31 from fucose 738:743 arg1 rich 719:722 rich 719:722 rich 719:722 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 31 from fucose 738:743 arg1 others 707:712 the others 703:712 the others 703:712 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 3 32 theme homogeneous 480:490 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 513:533 homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides 480:533 homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 480:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 0 33 theme immunomodulatory 35:50 arg1 effects 52:58 immunomodulatory effects 35:58 immunomodulatory effects 35:58 Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides. 25129717 3 34 contain contained 583:591 arg1 They 462:465 They 462:465 They 462:465 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 3 34 contain contained 583:591 arg2 lot 595:597 a lot 593:597 a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type 593:641 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 3 35 with heteropolysaccharides 513:533 arg1 weight 555:560 high molecular weight 540:560 high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 540:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 7 36 theme structure 1081:1089 arg1 differences 1091:1101 their structure differences 1075:1101 their structure differences 1075:1101 Their observed differences in biological activities were probably due to their structure differences. 25129717 2 37 theme fractions 433:441 arg1 FT-IR 395:399 FT-IR 395:399 FT-IR 395:399 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 37 theme fractions 433:441 arg1 weight 365:370 molecular weight 355:370 molecular weight 355:370 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 37 theme fractions 433:441 arg1 composition 382:392 chemical composition 373:392 chemical composition 373:392 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 2 37 theme fractions 433:441 arg1 linkage 416:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 glycosidic linkage 405:422 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 0 38 theme Plantago 63:70 arg1 polysaccharides 81:95 Plantago depressa polysaccharides 63:95 Plantago depressa polysaccharides 63:95 Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides. 25129717 8 39 theme immunomodulatory 1189:1204 arg1 activities 1206:1215 their immunomodulatory activities 1183:1215 their immunomodulatory activities 1183:1215 And monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular weight may affect their immunomodulatory activities. 25129717 5 40 theme them 800:803 arg1 effects 789:795 The immunomodulatory effects 768:795 The immunomodulatory effects of them 768:803 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 5 41 from macrophages 889:899 arg1 production 857:866 production 857:866 production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages 857:899 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 5 41 from macrophages 889:899 arg1 index 847:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 splenocyte proliferation index 822:851 The immunomodulatory effects of them were assessed by splenocyte proliferation index and production of NO and TNF-α from macrophages. 25129717 2 42 theme chemical 373:380 arg1 composition 382:392 chemical composition 373:392 chemical composition 373:392 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weight, chemical composition, FT-IR and glycosidic linkage of these fractions were investigated. 25129717 4 43 from acid 762:765 arg1 rich 719:722 rich 719:722 rich 719:722 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 43 from acid 762:765 arg1 others 707:712 the others 703:712 the others 703:712 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 6 44 theme strongest 984:992 arg1 effect 994:999 the strongest effect 980:999 the strongest effect 980:999 They all showed significant immunomodulatory activities, and PDSP-3 presented the strongest effect. 25129717 1 45 theme Plantago 151:158 arg1 depressa 160:167 Plantago depressa 151:167 Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) 151:203 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 3 46 theme more 599:602 arg1 lot 595:597 a lot 593:597 a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type 593:641 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 1 47 theme depressa 160:167 arg1 seeds 142:146 seeds 142:146 seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) 142:203 Four purified polysaccharide fractions from seeds of Plantago depressa (PDSP-1, PDSP-2, PDSP-3 and PDSP-4) were obtained by isolation and purification using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 HR chromatography. 25129717 0 48 theme polysaccharides 81:95 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides. 25129717 0 48 theme polysaccharides 81:95 arg1 effects 52:58 immunomodulatory effects 35:58 immunomodulatory effects 35:58 Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides. 25129717 0 48 theme polysaccharides 81:95 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides. 25129717 3 49 theme acidic 492:497 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 513:533 homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides 480:533 homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 480:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 3 50 dep more 599:602 arg1 linkages 622:629 β-type glycosidic linkages 604:629 β-type glycosidic linkages 604:629 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 3 51 theme high 540:543 arg1 weight 555:560 high molecular weight 540:560 high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 540:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25129717 0 52 theme depressa 72:79 arg1 polysaccharides 81:95 Plantago depressa polysaccharides 63:95 Plantago depressa polysaccharides 63:95 Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory effects of Plantago depressa polysaccharides. 25129717 4 53 contain contained 658:666 arg2 arabinose 677:685 arabinose 677:685 arabinose 677:685 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 53 contain contained 658:666 arg1 PDSP-3 644:649 PDSP-3 644:649 PDSP-3 644:649 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 53 contain contained 658:666 arg2 fucose 691:696 fucose 691:696 fucose 691:696 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 4 53 contain contained 658:666 arg2 mannose 668:674 mannose 668:674 mannose 668:674 PDSP-3 mainly contained mannose, arabinose and fucose, and the others were rich in arabinose, fucose and galacturonic acid. 25129717 3 54 theme kDa 575:577 arg1 weight 555:560 high molecular weight 540:560 high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa 540:577 They seemed to be homogeneous acidic protein-bound heteropolysaccharides with high molecular weight of over 1000 kDa and contained a lot more β-type glycosidic linkages than α-type. 25204167 6 0 from composition 954:964 arg1 leaf 969:972 leaf 969:972 leaf 969:972 Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. 25204167 1 1 theme scientific 149:158 arg1 basics 160:165 scientific basics 149:165 scientific basics 149:165 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 1 2 theme phenol-sulfuric 258:272 arg1 method 279:284 the phenol-sulfuric acid method 254:284 the phenol-sulfuric acid method 254:284 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 1 3 theme acid 274:277 arg1 method 279:284 the phenol-sulfuric acid method 254:284 the phenol-sulfuric acid method 254:284 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 0 4 from [Comparison 0:10 arg1 stems 85:89 stems 85:89 stems 85:89 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 0 4 from [Comparison 0:10 arg1 content 30:36 polysaccharide content 15:36 polysaccharide content 15:36 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 0 4 from [Comparison 0:10 arg1 fingerprints 51:62 PMP-HPLC fingerprints 42:62 PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide 42:80 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 0 4 from [Comparison 0:10 arg1 leaves 95:100 leaves 95:100 leaves 95:100 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 3 5 theme Chinese 587:593 arg1 2004A 605:609 2004A 605:609 2004A 605:609 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 3 5 theme Chinese 587:593 arg1 medicine 595:602 traditional Chinese medicine 575:602 traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) 575:610 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 9 6 theme officinale 1478:1487 arg1 parts 1466:1470 the medicinal parts 1452:1470 the medicinal parts of D. officinale 1452:1487 The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale. 25204167 3 7 theme medicine 595:602 arg1 fingerprint 560:570 chromatographic fingerprint 544:570 chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) 544:610 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 7 8 from stems 1045:1049 arg1 polysaccharide 1025:1038 The polysaccharide 1021:1038 The polysaccharide from stems 1021:1049 The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25204167 0 9 theme Dendrobium 105:114 arg1 officinale 116:125 Dendrobium officinale 105:125 Dendrobium officinale 105:125 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 6 10 theme Monosaccharide 939:952 arg1 composition 954:964 Monosaccharide composition 939:964 Monosaccharide composition in leaf 939:972 Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. 25204167 8 11 theme similarity 1280:1289 arg1 value 1291:1295 The similarity value 1276:1295 The similarity value of the 14 batches 1276:1313 The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. 25204167 3 12 theme traditional 575:585 arg1 2004A 605:609 2004A 605:609 2004A 605:609 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 3 12 theme traditional 575:585 arg1 medicine 595:602 traditional Chinese medicine 575:602 traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) 575:610 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 1 13 theme exploitation 171:182 arg1 application 199:209 exploitation and sufficient application 171:209 exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources 171:251 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 2 14 theme mannose 459:465 arg1 contents 447:454 the contents 443:454 the contents of mannose and glucose 443:477 The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. 25204167 1 15 theme sufficient 188:197 arg1 application 199:209 exploitation and sufficient application 171:209 exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources 171:251 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 5 16 theme polysaccharide 875:888 arg1 higher 911:916 higher 911:916 higher 911:916 The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. 25204167 5 16 theme polysaccharide 875:888 arg1 content 890:896 The polysaccharide content 871:896 The polysaccharide content of stems 871:905 The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. 25204167 8 17 theme fingerprints 1360:1371 arg1 similarity 1346:1355 similarity 1346:1355 similarity of fingerprints among different samples 1346:1395 The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. 25204167 7 18 theme acid 1129:1132 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 1134:1153 acid heteropolysaccharide 1129:1153 acid heteropolysaccharide 1129:1153 The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25204167 0 19 theme polysaccharide 15:28 arg1 content 30:36 polysaccharide content 15:36 polysaccharide content 15:36 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 4 20 theme composition 801:811 arg1 ratio 813:817 composition ratio 801:817 composition ratio 801:817 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 5 21 theme stems 901:905 arg1 higher 911:916 higher 911:916 higher 911:916 The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. 25204167 5 21 theme stems 901:905 arg1 content 890:896 The polysaccharide content 871:896 The polysaccharide content of stems 871:905 The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. 25204167 0 22 theme PMP-HPLC 42:49 arg1 fingerprints 51:62 PMP-HPLC fingerprints 42:62 PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide 42:80 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 4 23 theme polysaccharide 745:758 arg1 content 760:766 polysaccharide content 745:766 polysaccharide content 745:766 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 3 24 theme samples 690:696 arg1 analysis 674:681 similarity analysis 663:681 similarity analysis of the samples 663:696 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 8 25 theme different 1379:1387 arg1 samples 1389:1395 different samples 1379:1395 different samples 1379:1395 The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. 25204167 8 26 theme batches 1307:1313 arg1 value 1291:1295 The similarity value 1276:1295 The similarity value of the 14 batches 1276:1313 The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. 25204167 1 27 theme Dendrobium 214:223 arg1 officinale 225:234 Dendrobium officinale 214:234 Dendrobium officinale leaves resources 214:251 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 7 28 theme galacturonic 1223:1234 arg1 acid 1236:1239 galacturonic acid 1223:1239 galacturonic acid 1223:1239 The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25204167 1 29 theme polysaccharide 315:328 arg1 content 330:336 the polysaccharide content 311:336 the polysaccharide content 311:336 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 9 30 theme D. 1475:1476 arg1 officinale 1478:1487 D. officinale 1475:1487 D. officinale 1475:1487 The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale. 25204167 1 31 theme officinale 225:234 arg1 resources 243:251 Dendrobium officinale leaves resources 214:251 Dendrobium officinale leaves resources 214:251 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 2 32 theme glucose 471:477 arg1 contents 447:454 the contents 443:454 the contents of mannose and glucose 443:477 The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. 25204167 6 33 from that 1007:1010 arg1 different 992:1000 different 992:1000 different 992:1000 Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. 25204167 3 34 theme Similarity 511:520 arg1 system 533:538 Similarity evaluation system 511:538 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) 511:610 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 4 35 contain had 819:821 arg2 difference 834:843 an obvious difference 823:843 an obvious difference between stems and leaves 823:868 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 4 35 contain had 819:821 arg1 content 760:766 polysaccharide content 745:766 polysaccharide content 745:766 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 4 35 contain had 819:821 arg1 compositions 784:795 monosaccharide compositions 769:795 monosaccharide compositions 769:795 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 4 35 contain had 819:821 arg1 ratio 813:817 composition ratio 801:817 composition ratio 801:817 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 3 36 theme evaluation 522:531 arg1 system 533:538 Similarity evaluation system 511:538 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) 511:610 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 4 37 theme monosaccharide 769:782 arg1 compositions 784:795 monosaccharide compositions 769:795 monosaccharide compositions 769:795 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 4 38 theme obvious 826:832 arg1 difference 834:843 an obvious difference 823:843 an obvious difference between stems and leaves 823:868 The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. 25204167 3 39 theme similarity 663:672 arg1 analysis 674:681 similarity analysis 663:681 similarity analysis of the samples 663:696 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 1 40 theme resources 243:251 arg1 application 199:209 exploitation and sufficient application 171:209 exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources 171:251 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 25204167 3 41 theme mean 641:644 arg1 chromatogram 646:657 the mean chromatogram 637:657 the mean chromatogram 637:657 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 3 42 theme chromatographic 544:558 arg1 fingerprint 560:570 chromatographic fingerprint 544:570 chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) 544:610 Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. 25204167 9 43 theme medicinal 1456:1464 arg1 parts 1466:1470 the medicinal parts 1452:1470 the medicinal parts of D. officinale 1452:1487 The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale. 25204167 0 44 theme polysaccharide 67:80 arg1 content 30:36 polysaccharide content 15:36 polysaccharide content 15:36 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 0 44 theme polysaccharide 67:80 arg1 fingerprints 51:62 PMP-HPLC fingerprints 42:62 PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide 42:80 [Comparison on polysaccharide content and PMP-HPLC fingerprints of polysaccharide in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale]. 25204167 1 45 dep officinale 225:234 arg1 leaves 236:241 leaves 236:241 leaves 236:241 In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. 24401438 0 0 theme oxide-chitosan 106:119 arg1 film 131:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 4 1 theme flowing 1121:1127 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 2 theme working 1192:1198 arg1 potential 1200:1208 constant working potential 1183:1208 constant working potential of +0.55 V 1183:1219 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 1 3 theme composite 327:335 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 3 theme composite 327:335 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 0 4 theme graphene 97:104 arg1 film 131:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 3 5 theme matrix 938:943 arg1 film 945:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 0 6 theme Phellinus 227:235 arg1 igniarius 237:245 Phellinus igniarius 227:245 Phellinus igniarius 227:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 4 7 theme dynamic 1319:1325 arg1 ranges 1334:1339 the dynamic linear ranges 1315:1339 the dynamic linear ranges 1315:1339 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 1 8 theme film 337:340 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 8 theme film 337:340 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 4 9 theme current 1079:1085 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 10 theme analyzed 1294:1301 arg1 sugars 1303:1308 the analyzed sugars 1290:1308 the analyzed sugars 1290:1308 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 5 11 theme real 1515:1518 arg1 samples 1520:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 1 12 theme modified 342:349 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 12 theme modified 342:349 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 0 13 theme composite 121:129 arg1 film 131:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 5 14 theme monosaccharide 1438:1451 arg1 composition 1453:1463 monosaccharide composition 1438:1463 monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples 1438:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 4 15 theme HPAEC-DC 1111:1118 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 5 16 theme proposed 1380:1387 arg1 method 1389:1394 The proposed method 1376:1394 The proposed method 1376:1394 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 0 17 from composition 191:201 arg1 igniarius 237:245 Phellinus igniarius 227:245 Phellinus igniarius 227:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 2 18 theme electrochemical 600:614 arg1 EIS 640:642 EIS 640:642 EIS 640:642 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 2 18 theme electrochemical 600:614 arg1 spectroscopy 626:637 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 600:637 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 600:643 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 1 19 theme stable 431:436 arg1 film 457:460 a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film 429:460 a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process 429:494 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 2 20 theme modified 501:508 arg1 electrode 510:518 The modified electrode 497:518 The modified electrode 497:518 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 4 21 dep L 1280:1280 arg1 to 1269:1270 to 1269:1270 to 1269:1270 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 1 22 theme glassy 351:356 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 22 theme glassy 351:356 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 23 theme r-GO-chitosan 438:450 arg1 film 457:460 a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film 429:460 a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process 429:494 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 2 24 theme electron 570:577 arg1 SEM 591:593 SEM 591:593 SEM 591:593 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 2 24 theme electron 570:577 arg1 microscopy 579:588 scanning electron microscopy 561:588 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 561:594 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 5 25 theme crude 1468:1472 arg1 polysaccharides 1474:1488 crude polysaccharides 1468:1488 crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples 1468:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 4 26 theme amperometric 1087:1098 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 27 theme exchange 1048:1055 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 28 theme detection 1100:1108 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 2 29 theme cyclic 541:546 arg1 voltammetry 548:558 cyclic voltammetry 541:558 cyclic voltammetry 541:558 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 1 30 theme thin 452:455 arg1 film 457:460 a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film 429:460 a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process 429:494 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 4 31 used used 988:991 arg2 CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE 960:982 the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE 956:982 the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE 956:982 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 31 used used 988:991 arg2 sensor 1015:1020 an electrochemical sensor 996:1020 an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V 996:1219 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 2 32 with monosaccharides 706:720 arg1 stability 732:740 high stability 727:740 high stability 727:740 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 0 33 theme Ion-exchange 0:11 arg1 chromatography 13:26 Ion-exchange chromatography 0:26 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 0:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 1 34 theme carbon 358:363 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 34 theme carbon 358:363 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 2 35 theme high 727:730 arg1 stability 732:740 high stability 727:740 high stability 727:740 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 4 36 theme constant 1183:1190 arg1 potential 1200:1208 constant working potential 1183:1208 constant working potential of +0.55 V 1183:1219 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 37 theme performance 1030:1040 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 38 theme linear 1327:1332 arg1 ranges 1334:1339 the dynamic linear ranges 1315:1339 the dynamic linear ranges 1315:1339 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 3 39 theme chitosan 924:931 arg1 film 945:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 5 40 theme igniarius 1505:1513 arg1 samples 1520:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 1 41 theme novel 250:254 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 41 theme novel 250:254 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 0 42 from igniarius 237:245 arg1 polysaccharides 206:220 polysaccharides 206:220 polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius 206:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 0 42 from igniarius 237:245 arg1 composition 191:201 monosaccharide composition 176:201 monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius 176:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 4 43 theme high 1025:1028 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 44 theme mg 1366:1367 arg1 L 1369:1369 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1) 1354:1373 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1) 1354:1373 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 45 dep 500 1362:1364 arg1 to 1359:1360 to 1359:1360 to 1359:1360 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 1 46 theme Cu 256:257 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 46 theme Cu 256:257 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 0 47 theme current 49:55 arg1 detection 70:78 direct current amperometric detection 42:78 direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 42:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 3 48 theme CuNPs 863:867 arg1 effect 844:849 the synergistic effect 828:849 the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs 828:867 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 0 49 theme monosaccharide 176:189 arg1 composition 191:201 monosaccharide composition 176:201 monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius 176:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 4 50 theme anion 1042:1046 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 1 51 theme nanoparticles/reduced 259:279 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 51 theme nanoparticles/reduced 259:279 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 0 52 theme direct 42:47 arg1 detection 70:78 direct current amperometric detection 42:78 direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 42:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 2 53 theme scanning 561:568 arg1 SEM 591:593 SEM 591:593 SEM 591:593 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 2 53 theme scanning 561:568 arg1 microscopy 579:588 scanning electron microscopy 561:588 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 561:594 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 1 54 theme electrodeposition 470:486 arg1 process 488:494 electrodeposition process 470:494 electrodeposition process 470:494 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 55 theme graphene 281:288 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 55 theme graphene 281:288 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 5 56 theme polysaccharides 1474:1488 arg1 composition 1453:1463 monosaccharide composition 1438:1463 monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples 1438:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 2 57 theme electrocatalytic 672:687 arg1 oxidation 689:697 electrocatalytic oxidation 672:697 electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability 672:740 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 3 58 theme electrocatalytic 752:767 arg1 activity 769:776 The good electrocatalytic activity 743:776 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode 743:803 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 3 59 theme synergistic 832:842 arg1 effect 844:849 the synergistic effect 828:849 the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs 828:867 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 0 60 theme amperometric 57:68 arg1 detection 70:78 direct current amperometric detection 42:78 direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 42:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 4 61 theme electrochemical 999:1013 arg1 sensor 1015:1020 an electrochemical sensor 996:1020 an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V 996:1219 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 61 theme electrochemical 999:1013 arg1 CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE 960:982 the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE 956:982 the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE 956:982 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 0 62 theme composition 191:201 arg1 determination 159:171 determination 159:171 determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius 159:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 3 63 theme electrode 795:803 arg1 activity 769:776 The good electrocatalytic activity 743:776 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode 743:803 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 5 64 theme composition 1453:1463 arg1 determination 1421:1433 the determination 1417:1433 the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples 1417:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 3 65 theme good 747:750 arg1 activity 769:776 The good electrocatalytic activity 743:776 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode 743:803 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 5 66 from composition 1453:1463 arg1 samples 1520:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 5 67 theme phellinus 1495:1503 arg1 samples 1520:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 phellinus igniarius real samples 1495:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 3 68 theme r-GO 854:857 arg1 effect 844:849 the synergistic effect 828:849 the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs 828:867 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 4 69 from sensor 1015:1020 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 70 theme V 1219:1219 arg1 potential 1200:1208 constant working potential 1183:1208 constant working potential of +0.55 V 1183:1219 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 1 71 theme oxide-chitosan 290:303 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 71 theme oxide-chitosan 290:303 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 0 72 theme polysaccharides 206:220 arg1 composition 191:201 monosaccharide composition 176:201 monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius 176:245 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 0 73 from film 131:134 arg1 detection 70:78 direct current amperometric detection 42:78 direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 42:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 3 74 theme thin 933:936 arg1 film 945:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 4 75 theme chromatography-direct 1057:1077 arg1 system 1129:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system 1025:1134 high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides 1025:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 76 theme detection 1226:1234 arg1 S/N=3 1244:1248 S/N=3 1244:1248 S/N=3 1244:1248 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 4 76 theme detection 1226:1234 arg1 limits 1236:1241 the detection limits 1222:1241 the detection limits (S/N=3) 1222:1249 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 3 77 theme r-GO 915:918 arg1 film 945:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film 911:948 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 0 78 theme CuNPs/reduced 83:95 arg1 film 131:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film 83:134 Ion-exchange chromatography combined with direct current amperometric detection at CuNPs/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan composite film modified electrode for determination of monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides from Phellinus igniarius. 24401438 3 79 theme modified 786:793 arg1 electrode 795:803 this modified electrode 781:803 this modified electrode 781:803 The good electrocatalytic activity of this modified electrode might be attributed to the synergistic effect of r-GO and CuNPs, and the stability might be attributed to the r-GO and chitosan thin matrix film. 24401438 4 80 theme mg 1277:1278 arg1 L 1280:1280 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) 1263:1284 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars 1263:1308 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 5 81 from samples 1520:1526 arg1 composition 1453:1463 monosaccharide composition 1438:1463 monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples 1438:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 5 81 from samples 1520:1526 arg1 polysaccharides 1474:1488 crude polysaccharides 1468:1488 crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples 1468:1526 The proposed method has been applied for the determination of monosaccharide composition of crude polysaccharides from phellinus igniarius real samples, and the results were satisfactory. 24401438 1 82 theme CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan 306:324 arg1 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 GCE 376:378 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 1 82 theme CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan 306:324 arg1 electrode 365:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode 248:373 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) 248:379 A novel Cu nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated by dispersing CuNPs uniformly on a stable r-GO-chitosan thin film through electrodeposition process. 24401438 4 83 theme monosaccharides 1161:1175 arg1 determination 1144:1156 the determination 1140:1156 the determination of monosaccharides 1140:1175 When the CuNPs/r-GO-chitosan/GCE was used as an electrochemical sensor in high performance anion exchange chromatography-direct current amperometric detection (HPAEC-DC) flowing system for the determination of monosaccharides under constant working potential of +0.55 V, the detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 0.006 to 0.02 mg L(-1) for the analyzed sugars, and the dynamic linear ranges spanned from 0.02 to 500 mg L(-1). 24401438 2 84 theme impedance 616:624 arg1 EIS 640:642 EIS 640:642 EIS 640:642 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 24401438 2 84 theme impedance 616:624 arg1 spectroscopy 626:637 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 600:637 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) 600:643 The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and exhibited efficiently electrocatalytic oxidation toward monosaccharides with high stability. 27733679 8 0 from unit 1277:1280 arg1 glycan 1296:1301 O-mannosyl glycan 1285:1301 O-mannosyl glycan 1285:1301 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 1 1 theme aberrant 256:263 arg1 glycosylation 287:299 aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 256:299 aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 256:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 7 2 theme xylosyltransferase 1136:1153 arg1 activity 1155:1162 xylosyltransferase activity 1136:1162 xylosyltransferase activity 1136:1162 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 27733679 5 3 from linkage 896:902 arg1 glycan 918:923 O-mannosyl glycan 907:923 O-mannosyl glycan 907:923 Here, we report that TMEM5 is a xylosyltransferase that forms the Xylβ1-4Rbo5P linkage on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 1 4 theme α-dystroglycan 265:278 arg1 glycosylation 287:299 aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 256:299 aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 256:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 7 5 theme α-dystroglycanopathy 1097:1116 arg1 patients 1118:1125 α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1097:1125 α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1097:1125 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 27733679 5 6 theme Xylβ1-4Rbo5P 883:894 arg1 linkage 896:902 the Xylβ1-4Rbo5P linkage 879:902 the Xylβ1-4Rbo5P linkage on O-mannosyl glycan 879:923 Here, we report that TMEM5 is a xylosyltransferase that forms the Xylβ1-4Rbo5P linkage on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 4 7 theme linkage 742:748 arg1 formation 750:758 this linkage formation 737:758 this linkage formation 737:758 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 9 8 theme O-mannosyl 1450:1459 arg1 glycan 1461:1466 O-mannosyl glycan 1450:1466 O-mannosyl glycan 1450:1466 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 0 9 theme Functional 93:102 arg1 Glycosylation 104:116 the Functional Glycosylation 89:116 the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan 89:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 3 10 theme first 562:566 arg1 residue 572:578 the first Xyl residue 558:578 the first Xyl residue 558:578 However, the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) is not clear. 27733679 1 11 theme α-DG 281:284 arg1 glycosylation 287:299 aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 256:299 aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 256:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 0 12 theme Dystroglycan 121:132 arg1 Glycosylation 104:116 the Functional Glycosylation 89:116 the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan 89:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 5 13 theme O-mannosyl 907:916 arg1 glycan 918:923 O-mannosyl glycan 907:923 O-mannosyl glycan 907:923 Here, we report that TMEM5 is a xylosyltransferase that forms the Xylβ1-4Rbo5P linkage on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 4 14 theme experimental 774:785 arg1 evidence 787:794 the experimental evidence 770:794 the experimental evidence 770:794 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 4 14 theme experimental 774:785 arg1 incomplete 805:814 incomplete 805:814 incomplete 805:814 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 4 15 theme responsible 649:659 arg1 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 4 15 theme responsible 649:659 arg1 product 641:647 a gene product 634:647 a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy 634:684 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 9 16 theme glycan 1461:1466 arg1 pathway 1439:1445 the biosynthetic pathway 1422:1445 the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan 1422:1466 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 1 17 from defect 137:142 arg1 glycan 158:163 O-mannosyl glycan 147:163 O-mannosyl glycan 147:163 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 8 18 theme TMEM5 1200:1204 arg1 gene 1206:1209 the TMEM5 gene 1196:1209 the TMEM5 gene 1196:1209 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 2 19 theme Manα1- 432:437 arg1 structure 323:331 the entire structure 312:331 the entire structure 312:331 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 2 20 theme α-DG 477:480 arg1 binding 466:472 the binding 462:472 the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands 462:512 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 2 21 theme entire 316:321 arg1 structure 323:331 the entire structure 312:331 the entire structure 312:331 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 8 22 from elongation 1240:1249 arg1 glycan 1296:1301 O-mannosyl glycan 1285:1301 O-mannosyl glycan 1285:1301 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 1 23 theme α-dystroglycanopathy 181:200 arg1 defect 137:142 A defect 135:142 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan 135:163 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 1 23 theme α-dystroglycanopathy 181:200 arg1 cause 172:176 the cause 168:176 the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 168:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 6 24 theme NMR 1022:1024 arg1 analysis 1026:1033 NMR analysis 1022:1033 NMR analysis 1022:1033 The anomeric configuration and linkage position of the product (β1,4 linkage) was determined by NMR analysis. 27733679 6 25 theme product 981:987 arg1 configuration 939:951 anomeric configuration 930:951 anomeric configuration 930:951 The anomeric configuration and linkage position of the product (β1,4 linkage) was determined by NMR analysis. 27733679 6 25 theme product 981:987 arg1 position 965:972 linkage position 957:972 linkage position 957:972 The anomeric configuration and linkage position of the product (β1,4 linkage) was determined by NMR analysis. 27733679 0 26 gly Glycosylation 104:116 arg1 Dystroglycan 121:132 Dystroglycan 121:132 Dystroglycan 121:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 8 27 theme -3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1- 1259:1274 arg1 unit 1277:1280 the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit 1254:1280 the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan 1254:1301 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 0 28 theme Gene 23:26 arg1 β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 52:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 42:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan 42:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 0 28 theme Gene 23:26 arg1 TMEM5 28:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 7 29 theme missense 1060:1067 arg1 mutations 1069:1077 two missense mutations 1056:1077 two missense mutations 1056:1077 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 27733679 3 30 theme Xyl 568:570 arg1 residue 572:578 the first Xyl residue 558:578 the first Xyl residue 558:578 However, the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) is not clear. 27733679 0 31 theme Dystrophy 13:21 arg1 β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 52:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 42:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan 42:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 0 31 theme Dystrophy 13:21 arg1 TMEM5 28:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 7 32 theme mutations 1069:1077 arg1 introduction 1040:1051 The introduction 1036:1051 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1036:1125 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 27733679 6 33 dep configuration 939:951 arg1 The 926:928 The 926:928 The 926:928 The anomeric configuration and linkage position of the product (β1,4 linkage) was determined by NMR analysis. 27733679 3 34 theme residue 572:578 arg1 linkage 547:553 the linkage 543:553 the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 543:609 However, the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) is not clear. 27733679 3 34 theme residue 572:578 arg1 clear 618:622 clear 618:622 clear 618:622 However, the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) is not clear. 27733679 8 35 theme unit 1277:1280 arg1 elongation 1240:1249 the elongation 1236:1249 the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan 1236:1301 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 4 36 theme gene 636:639 arg1 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 4 36 theme gene 636:639 arg1 product 641:647 a gene product 634:647 a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy 634:684 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 8 37 theme gene 1206:1209 arg1 disruption 1182:1191 the disruption 1178:1191 the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 1178:1224 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 3 38 theme ribitol 583:589 arg1 Rbo5P 604:608 Rbo5P 604:608 Rbo5P 604:608 However, the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) is not clear. 27733679 3 38 theme ribitol 583:589 arg1 5-phosphate 591:601 ribitol 5-phosphate 583:601 ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 583:609 However, the linkage of the first Xyl residue to ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) is not clear. 27733679 2 39 theme matrix 499:504 arg1 ligands 506:512 extracellular matrix ligands 485:512 extracellular matrix ligands 485:512 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 6 40 theme linkage 957:963 arg1 position 965:972 linkage position 957:972 linkage position 957:972 The anomeric configuration and linkage position of the product (β1,4 linkage) was determined by NMR analysis. 27733679 9 41 theme ribitol-5-phosphate 1375:1393 arg1 β1,4-xylosyltransferase 1395:1417 a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase 1360:1417 a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan 1360:1466 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 9 41 theme ribitol-5-phosphate 1375:1393 arg1 TMEM5 1346:1350 TMEM5 1346:1350 TMEM5 1346:1350 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 1 42 theme congenital 214:223 arg1 dystrophies 234:244 congenital muscular dystrophies 214:244 congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 214:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 0 43 theme Ribitol 44:50 arg1 β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 52:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 42:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan 42:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 0 43 theme Ribitol 44:50 arg1 TMEM5 28:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 9 44 theme UDP-d-xylose 1362:1373 arg1 β1,4-xylosyltransferase 1395:1417 a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase 1360:1417 a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan 1360:1466 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 9 44 theme UDP-d-xylose 1362:1373 arg1 TMEM5 1346:1350 TMEM5 1346:1350 TMEM5 1346:1350 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 4 45 theme potential 708:716 arg1 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 625:629 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 4 45 theme potential 708:716 arg1 enzyme 718:723 a potential enzyme 706:723 a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation 706:758 TMEM5 is a gene product responsible for α-dystroglycanopathy and was reported as a potential enzyme involved in this linkage formation, although the experimental evidence is still incomplete. 27733679 2 46 theme glycan 347:352 arg1 Manα1- 432:437 O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1- 336:437 Manα1- 432:437 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 6 47 theme anomeric 930:937 arg1 configuration 939:951 anomeric configuration 930:951 anomeric configuration 930:951 The anomeric configuration and linkage position of the product (β1,4 linkage) was determined by NMR analysis. 27733679 9 48 from β1,4-xylosyltransferase 1395:1417 arg1 pathway 1439:1445 the biosynthetic pathway 1422:1445 the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan 1422:1466 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 2 49 theme O-mannosyl 336:345 arg1 Manα1- 432:437 O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1- 336:437 Manα1- 432:437 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 7 50 located found 1088:1092 arg1 patients 1118:1125 α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1097:1125 α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1097:1125 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 27733679 7 50 located found 1088:1092 arg2 TMEM5 1082:1086 TMEM5 1082:1086 TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1082:1125 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 27733679 1 51 theme muscular 225:232 arg1 dystrophies 234:244 congenital muscular dystrophies 214:244 congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 214:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 8 52 from glycan 1296:1301 arg1 elongation 1240:1249 the elongation 1236:1249 the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan 1236:1301 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 2 53 theme n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 371:419 arg1 Manα1- 432:437 O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1- 336:437 Manα1- 432:437 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 1 54 theme dystrophies 234:244 arg1 α-dystroglycanopathy 181:200 α-dystroglycanopathy 181:200 α-dystroglycanopathy 181:200 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 1 54 theme dystrophies 234:244 arg1 group 205:209 a group 203:209 a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 203:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 1 54 theme dystrophies 234:244 arg1 dystrophies 234:244 congenital muscular dystrophies 214:244 congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation 214:299 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 8 55 theme O-mannosyl 1285:1294 arg1 glycan 1296:1301 O-mannosyl glycan 1285:1301 O-mannosyl glycan 1285:1301 Furthermore, the disruption of the TMEM5 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 abrogated the elongation of the (-3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1-) unit on O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 1 56 theme O-mannosyl 147:156 arg1 glycan 158:163 O-mannosyl glycan 147:163 O-mannosyl glycan 147:163 A defect in O-mannosyl glycan is the cause of α-dystroglycanopathy, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies caused by aberrant α-dystroglycan (α-DG) glycosylation. 27733679 2 57 theme extracellular 485:497 arg1 ligands 506:512 extracellular matrix ligands 485:512 extracellular matrix ligands 485:512 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 2 58 dep Manα1- 432:437 arg1 [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1 355:369 O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1- 336:437 [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1 355:369 Recently, the entire structure of O-mannosyl glycan, [3GlcAβ1-3Xylα1]n-3GlcAβ1-4Xyl-Rbo5P-1Rbo5P-3GalNAcβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-4 (phospho-6)Manα1-, which is required for the binding of α-DG to extracellular matrix ligands, has been proposed. 27733679 0 59 theme Muscular 4:11 arg1 β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 52:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase 42:74 a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan 42:132 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 0 59 theme Muscular 4:11 arg1 TMEM5 28:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 0:32 The Muscular Dystrophy Gene TMEM5 Encodes a Ribitol β1,4-Xylosyltransferase Required for the Functional Glycosylation of Dystroglycan. 27733679 9 60 theme biosynthetic 1426:1437 arg1 pathway 1439:1445 the biosynthetic pathway 1422:1445 the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan 1422:1466 Based on these results, we concluded that TMEM5 acts as a UDP-d-xylose:ribitol-5-phosphate β1,4-xylosyltransferase in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannosyl glycan. 27733679 7 61 from introduction 1040:1051 arg1 TMEM5 1082:1086 TMEM5 1082:1086 TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients 1082:1125 The introduction of two missense mutations in TMEM5 found in α-dystroglycanopathy patients impaired xylosyltransferase activity. 28444931 8 0 theme upper 984:988 arg1 limits 1000:1005 upper and lower limits 984:1005 upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows 984:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 1 1 gly macro-heterogeneity 159:177 arg1 attachment 194:203 the protein attachment 182:203 the protein attachment 182:203 Analysis of glycosylation is challenging due to micro- and macro-heterogeneity of the protein attachment. 28444931 4 2 theme phase 575:579 arg1 column 597:602 a reversed phase chromatographic column 564:602 a reversed phase chromatographic column 564:602 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 6 3 theme smaller 833:839 arg1 ones 841:844 smaller ones 833:844 smaller ones 833:844 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 8 4 theme lower 994:998 arg1 limits 1000:1005 upper and lower limits 984:1005 upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows 984:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 2 5 gly glycopeptide 275:286 arg2 glycopeptide 275:286 glycopeptide analysis 275:295 glycopeptide analysis 275:295 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 9 6 theme false-positive 1240:1253 arg1 identification 1255:1268 false-positive identification 1240:1268 false-positive identification 1240:1268 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 1 7 theme attachment 194:203 arg1 macro-heterogeneity 159:177 macro-heterogeneity 159:177 macro-heterogeneity 159:177 Analysis of glycosylation is challenging due to micro- and macro-heterogeneity of the protein attachment. 28444931 1 7 theme attachment 194:203 arg1 micro- 148:153 micro- 148:153 micro- 148:153 Analysis of glycosylation is challenging due to micro- and macro-heterogeneity of the protein attachment. 28444931 8 8 theme retention 1023:1031 arg1 windows 1038:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 5 9 theme time 644:647 arg1 reduction 617:625 reduction 617:625 reduction of the retention time 617:647 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 6 10 theme significant 791:801 arg1 shift 818:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 7 11 theme Retention 847:855 arg1 times 917:921 relative retention times 898:921 relative retention times 898:921 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 7 11 theme Retention 847:855 arg1 times 857:861 Retention times 847:861 Retention times of glycopeptides 847:878 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 8 12 theme windows 1038:1044 arg1 limits 1000:1005 upper and lower limits 984:1005 upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows 984:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 8 13 gly glycopeptide 1010:1021 arg2 glycopeptide 1010:1021 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 5 14 theme same 723:726 arg1 backbone 736:743 the same peptide backbone 719:743 the same peptide backbone 719:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 4 15 theme peptides 451:458 arg1 glycoforms 433:442 several glycoforms 425:442 several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 425:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 5 16 theme units 690:694 arg1 number 665:670 number 665:670 number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone 665:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 5 17 theme glycans 699:705 arg1 units 690:694 monosaccharide units 675:694 monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone 675:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 2 18 theme powerful 256:263 arg1 tools 265:269 the most powerful tools 247:269 the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis 247:295 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 6 19 gly Fucosylation 746:757 arg1 glycans 769:775 larger glycans 762:775 larger glycans 762:775 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 4 20 theme several 425:431 arg1 glycoforms 433:442 several glycoforms 425:442 several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 425:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 10 21 theme retention 1280:1288 arg1 time 1290:1293 Relative retention time 1271:1293 Relative retention time 1271:1293 Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides. 28444931 0 22 theme reversed 77:84 arg1 nanoLC 92:97 reversed phase nanoLC 77:97 reversed phase nanoLC 77:97 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 4 23 theme haptoglobin 492:502 arg1 digest 482:487 tryptic digest 474:487 tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 474:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 6 24 theme larger 762:767 arg1 glycans 769:775 larger glycans 762:775 larger glycans 762:775 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 3 25 theme monosaccharide 342:355 arg1 units 357:361 various monosaccharide units 334:361 various monosaccharide units 334:361 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 4 26 theme hemopexin 505:513 arg1 digest 482:487 tryptic digest 474:487 tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 474:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 4 27 theme Retention 403:411 arg1 behavior 413:420 Retention behavior 403:420 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 403:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 8 28 theme phase 1065:1069 arg1 conditions 1071:1080 the reversed phase conditions 1052:1080 the reversed phase conditions 1052:1080 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 5 29 attach attached 707:714 arg2 glycans 699:705 glycans 699:705 glycans attached to the same peptide backbone 699:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 5 29 attach attached 707:714 arg1 backbone 736:743 the same peptide backbone 719:743 the same peptide backbone 719:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 3 30 theme retention 370:378 arg1 time 380:383 the retention time 366:383 the retention time of glycopeptides 366:400 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 9 31 theme glycopeptide 1121:1132 arg1 case 1111:1114 the case 1107:1114 the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin 1107:1147 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 0 32 theme structure-dependent 9:27 arg1 behavior 45:52 structure-dependent chromatographic behavior 9:52 structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides 9:69 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 9 33 theme haptoglobin 1137:1147 arg1 glycopeptide 1121:1132 a glycopeptide 1119:1132 a glycopeptide of haptoglobin 1119:1147 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 8 34 theme retention 939:947 arg1 times 949:953 These relative retention times 924:953 These relative retention times 924:953 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 10 35 theme LC-MS/MS 1347:1354 arg1 characterization 1356:1371 LC-MS/MS characterization 1347:1371 LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides 1347:1388 Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides. 28444931 0 36 theme behavior 45:52 arg1 Study 0:4 Study 0:4 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides 0:69 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 6 37 theme glycans 769:775 arg1 Fucosylation 746:757 Fucosylation 746:757 Fucosylation of larger glycans 746:775 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 0 38 theme glycopeptides 57:69 arg1 behavior 45:52 structure-dependent chromatographic behavior 9:52 structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides 9:69 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 8 39 used used 960:963 arg2 times 949:953 These relative retention times 924:953 These relative retention times 924:953 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 4 40 theme hormone-binding 524:538 arg1 globulin 540:547 sex hormone-binding globulin 520:547 sex hormone-binding globulin 520:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 6 41 theme time 813:816 arg1 shift 818:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 9 42 theme retention 1168:1176 arg1 window 1183:1188 the predicted retention time window 1154:1188 the predicted retention time window 1154:1188 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 2 43 with combination 208:218 arg1 MS/MS 231:235 MS/MS 231:235 MS/MS 231:235 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 10 44 theme Relative 1271:1278 arg1 time 1290:1293 Relative retention time 1271:1293 Relative retention time 1271:1293 Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides. 28444931 8 45 theme limits 1000:1005 arg1 calculation 969:979 calculation 969:979 calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows 969:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 4 46 theme reversed 566:573 arg1 column 597:602 a reversed phase chromatographic column 564:602 a reversed phase chromatographic column 564:602 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 9 47 theme identification 1211:1224 arg1 confidence 1197:1206 confidence 1197:1206 confidence of identification 1197:1224 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 4 48 gly glycoforms 433:442 arg1 peptides 451:458 six peptides 447:458 six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 447:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 8 49 theme glycopeptide 1010:1021 arg1 windows 1038:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 4 50 theme chromatographic 581:595 arg1 column 597:602 a reversed phase chromatographic column 564:602 a reversed phase chromatographic column 564:602 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 2 51 theme glycopeptide 275:286 arg1 analysis 288:295 glycopeptide analysis 275:295 glycopeptide analysis 275:295 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 1 52 theme protein 186:192 arg1 attachment 194:203 the protein attachment 182:203 the protein attachment 182:203 Analysis of glycosylation is challenging due to micro- and macro-heterogeneity of the protein attachment. 28444931 8 53 theme time 1033:1036 arg1 windows 1038:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 glycopeptide retention time windows 1010:1044 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 5 54 theme retention 634:642 arg1 time 644:647 the retention time 630:647 the retention time 630:647 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 6 55 theme retention 803:811 arg1 shift 818:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 7 56 theme glycopeptides 866:878 arg1 times 917:921 relative retention times 898:921 relative retention times 898:921 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 7 56 theme glycopeptides 866:878 arg1 times 857:861 Retention times 847:861 Retention times of glycopeptides 847:878 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 7 57 theme relative 898:905 arg1 times 857:861 Retention times 847:861 Retention times of glycopeptides 847:878 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 7 57 theme relative 898:905 arg1 times 917:921 relative retention times 898:921 relative retention times 898:921 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 6 58 theme less 786:789 arg1 shift 818:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 less significant retention time shift 786:822 Fucosylation of larger glycans provides less significant retention time shift than for smaller ones. 28444931 10 59 gly glycopeptides 1376:1388 arg2 glycopeptides 1376:1388 glycopeptides 1376:1388 glycopeptides 1376:1388 Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides. 28444931 5 60 theme monosaccharide 675:688 arg1 units 690:694 monosaccharide units 675:694 monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone 675:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 2 61 theme LC 223:224 arg1 one 240:242 one 240:242 one 240:242 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 2 61 theme LC 223:224 arg1 combination 208:218 A combination 206:218 A combination of LC with MS/MS 206:235 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 2 61 theme LC 223:224 arg1 tools 265:269 the most powerful tools 247:269 the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis 247:295 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 2 62 theme tools 265:269 arg1 one 240:242 one 240:242 one 240:242 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 2 62 theme tools 265:269 arg1 combination 208:218 A combination 206:218 A combination of LC with MS/MS 206:235 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 2 62 theme tools 265:269 arg1 tools 265:269 the most powerful tools 247:269 the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis 247:295 A combination of LC with MS/MS is one of the most powerful tools for glycopeptide analysis. 28444931 4 63 theme glycoforms 433:442 arg1 behavior 413:420 Retention behavior 403:420 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 403:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 0 64 theme phase 86:90 arg1 nanoLC 92:97 reversed phase nanoLC 77:97 reversed phase nanoLC 77:97 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 3 65 from effect 324:329 arg1 time 380:383 the retention time 366:383 the retention time of glycopeptides 366:400 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 8 66 theme reversed 1056:1063 arg1 conditions 1071:1080 the reversed phase conditions 1052:1080 the reversed phase conditions 1052:1080 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 10 67 theme qualitative 1301:1311 arg1 parameter 1313:1321 a qualitative parameter 1299:1321 a qualitative parameter 1299:1321 Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides. 28444931 5 68 theme peptide 728:734 arg1 backbone 736:743 the same peptide backbone 719:743 the same peptide backbone 719:743 We observed reduction of the retention time with increasing number of monosaccharide units of glycans attached to the same peptide backbone. 28444931 3 69 gly glycopeptides 388:400 arg2 glycopeptides 388:400 glycopeptides 388:400 glycopeptides 388:400 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 3 70 theme units 357:361 arg1 effect 324:329 the effect 320:329 the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides 320:400 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 4 71 theme tryptic 474:480 arg1 digest 482:487 tryptic digest 474:487 tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 474:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 3 72 theme various 334:340 arg1 units 357:361 various monosaccharide units 334:361 various monosaccharide units 334:361 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 7 73 gly glycopeptides 866:878 arg2 glycopeptides 866:878 glycopeptides 866:878 glycopeptides 866:878 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 10 74 theme glycopeptides 1376:1388 arg1 characterization 1356:1371 LC-MS/MS characterization 1347:1371 LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides 1347:1388 Relative retention time, as a qualitative parameter, is expected to improve LC-MS/MS characterization of glycopeptides. 28444931 0 75 theme chromatographic 29:43 arg1 behavior 45:52 structure-dependent chromatographic behavior 9:52 structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides 9:69 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 1 76 theme glycosylation 112:124 arg1 Analysis 100:107 Analysis 100:107 Analysis of glycosylation 100:124 Analysis of glycosylation is challenging due to micro- and macro-heterogeneity of the protein attachment. 28444931 8 77 theme relative 930:937 arg1 times 949:953 These relative retention times 924:953 These relative retention times 924:953 These relative retention times were used for calculation of upper and lower limits of glycopeptide retention time windows under the reversed phase conditions. 28444931 4 78 theme sex 520:522 arg1 globulin 540:547 sex hormone-binding globulin 520:547 sex hormone-binding globulin 520:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 9 79 gly glycopeptide 1121:1132 arg2 glycopeptide 1121:1132 a glycopeptide 1119:1132 a glycopeptide of haptoglobin 1119:1147 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 9 79 gly glycopeptide 1121:1132 arg1 haptoglobin 1137:1147 haptoglobin 1137:1147 haptoglobin 1137:1147 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 3 80 theme glycopeptides 388:400 arg1 time 380:383 the retention time 366:383 the retention time of glycopeptides 366:400 In this work, we show the effect of various monosaccharide units on the retention time of glycopeptides. 28444931 4 81 theme globulin 540:547 arg1 digest 482:487 tryptic digest 474:487 tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin 474:547 Retention behavior of several glycoforms of six peptides obtained from tryptic digest of haptoglobin, hemopexin, and sex hormone-binding globulin was studied on a reversed phase chromatographic column. 28444931 9 82 theme predicted 1158:1166 arg1 window 1183:1188 the predicted retention time window 1154:1188 the predicted retention time window 1154:1188 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 9 83 theme time 1178:1181 arg1 window 1183:1188 the predicted retention time window 1154:1188 the predicted retention time window 1154:1188 We then demonstrated on the case of a glycopeptide of haptoglobin that the predicted retention time window boosts confidence of identification and minimizes false-positive identification. 28444931 0 84 gly glycopeptides 57:69 arg2 glycopeptides 57:69 glycopeptides 57:69 glycopeptides 57:69 Study of structure-dependent chromatographic behavior of glycopeptides using reversed phase nanoLC. 28444931 7 85 theme retention 907:915 arg1 times 857:861 Retention times 847:861 Retention times of glycopeptides 847:878 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 28444931 7 85 theme retention 907:915 arg1 times 917:921 relative retention times 898:921 relative retention times 898:921 Retention times of glycopeptides were expressed as relative retention times. 26082983 0 0 theme Culinary-Medicinal 84:101 arg1 erinaceus 121:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus 72:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) 72:153 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 0 theme Culinary-Medicinal 84:101 arg1 Basidiomycetes 139:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 5 1 theme macrophage 1109:1118 arg1 activity 1131:1138 higher macrophage activation activity 1102:1138 higher macrophage activation activity 1102:1138 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 0 2 theme Mane 79:82 arg1 erinaceus 121:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus 72:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) 72:153 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 2 theme Mane 79:82 arg1 Basidiomycetes 139:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 3 from Compositions 9:20 arg1 Stages 179:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 1 4 from erinaceus 362:370 arg1 compositions 249:260 chemical compositions 240:260 chemical compositions 240:260 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 4 from erinaceus 362:370 arg1 polysaccharides 300:314 polysaccharides 300:314 polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 300:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 4 from erinaceus 362:370 arg1 activity 288:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 4 5 dep weight 913:918 arg1 distribution 920:931 distribution 920:931 distribution 920:931 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 2 6 theme total 393:397 arg1 polysaccharides 399:413 total polysaccharides 393:413 total polysaccharides 393:413 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 1 7 theme macrophage 266:275 arg1 activity 288:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 0 8 theme Hericium 112:119 arg1 erinaceus 121:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus 72:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) 72:153 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 8 theme Hericium 112:119 arg1 Basidiomycetes 139:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 3 9 theme ethanol 690:696 arg1 method 712:717 the gradient ethanol precipitation method 677:717 the gradient ethanol precipitation method 677:717 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 10 theme maturity 566:573 arg1 V 613:613 V 613:613 V 613:613 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 10 theme maturity 566:573 arg1 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 10 theme maturity 566:573 arg1 stages 575:580 the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature) 562:654 the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature) 562:654 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 11 theme small 586:590 arg1 stage 605:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 11 theme small 586:590 arg1 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 4 12 dep fractions 851:859 arg1 HP5A 861:864 HP5A 861:864 the fractions HP5A (stage V) 847:874 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 12 dep fractions 851:859 arg1 V 873:873 stage V 867:873 stage V 867:873 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 1 13 theme activation 277:286 arg1 activity 288:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 0 14 theme Mushroom 103:110 arg1 erinaceus 121:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus 72:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) 72:153 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 14 theme Mushroom 103:110 arg1 Basidiomycetes 139:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 3 15 theme gradient 681:688 arg1 method 712:717 the gradient ethanol precipitation method 677:717 the gradient ethanol precipitation method 677:717 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 4 16 theme maturating-stage 771:786 arg1 body 808:811 the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 767:811 the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 767:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 3 17 theme fungal 592:597 arg1 stage 605:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 17 theme fungal 592:597 arg1 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 4 18 theme monosaccharide 937:950 arg1 compositions 952:963 monosaccharide compositions 937:963 monosaccharide compositions 937:963 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 5 19 theme Immunostimulating 966:982 arg1 tests 984:988 Immunostimulating tests 966:988 Immunostimulating tests 966:988 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 4 20 dep HP6A 880:883 arg1 stage 886:890 stage 886:890 stage 886:890 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 21 from fractions 851:859 arg1 difference 831:840 a significant difference 817:840 a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions 817:963 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 5 22 theme activation 1120:1129 arg1 activity 1131:1138 higher macrophage activation activity 1102:1138 higher macrophage activation activity 1102:1138 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 2 23 theme fruiting 501:508 arg1 body 510:513 fruiting body 501:513 fruiting body 501:513 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 5 24 dep body 1087:1090 arg1 VI 1074:1075 VI 1074:1075 VI 1074:1075 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 2 25 theme body 510:513 arg1 development 486:496 the maturation stage development 465:496 the maturation stage development of fruiting body 465:513 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 0 26 from Activation 37:46 arg1 Stages 179:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 1 27 from compositions 249:260 arg1 erinaceus 362:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 2 28 theme protein 434:440 arg1 content 442:448 protein content 434:448 protein content 434:448 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 0 29 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Compositions 9:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 6 30 theme functional 1251:1260 arg1 benefits 1262:1269 functional benefits 1251:1269 functional benefits 1251:1269 Our findings provided important information for the harvest and use of H. erinaceus with higher qualities and functional benefits. 26082983 6 31 theme important 1163:1171 arg1 information 1173:1183 important information 1163:1183 important information for the harvest 1163:1199 Our findings provided important information for the harvest and use of H. erinaceus with higher qualities and functional benefits. 26082983 4 32 theme stage 867:871 arg1 HP5A 861:864 HP5A 861:864 the fractions HP5A (stage V) 847:874 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 32 theme stage 867:871 arg1 V 873:873 stage V 867:873 stage V 867:873 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 0 33 theme Macrophage 26:35 arg1 Activation 37:46 Macrophage Activation 26:46 Macrophage Activation 26:46 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 1 34 theme polysaccharides 300:314 arg1 compositions 249:260 chemical compositions 240:260 chemical compositions 240:260 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 34 theme polysaccharides 300:314 arg1 activity 288:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 3 35 theme spine 599:603 arg1 stage 605:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 35 theme spine 599:603 arg1 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 4 36 theme significant 819:829 arg1 difference 831:840 a significant difference 817:840 a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions 817:963 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 2 37 theme stage 480:484 arg1 development 486:496 the maturation stage development 465:496 the maturation stage development of fruiting body 465:513 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 3 38 theme polysaccharide 521:534 arg1 3 547:547 3 547:547 3 547:547 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 38 theme polysaccharide 521:534 arg1 fractions 536:544 Nine polysaccharide fractions 516:544 Nine polysaccharide fractions 516:544 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 0 39 theme Higher 132:137 arg1 erinaceus 121:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus 72:129 Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) 72:153 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 39 theme Higher 132:137 arg1 Basidiomycetes 139:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Higher Basidiomycetes 132:152 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 5 40 theme stage 1068:1072 arg1 body 1087:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 3 41 dep stages 575:580 arg1 mature 648:653 mature 648:653 mature 648:653 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 41 dep stages 575:580 arg1 stages 575:580 the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature) 562:654 the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature) 562:654 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 41 dep stages 575:580 arg1 stage 605:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 small fungal spine stage 586:609 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 41 dep stages 575:580 arg1 stage 633:637 mid-fungal spine stage 616:637 mid-fungal spine stage 616:637 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 41 dep stages 575:580 arg1 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 IV 582:583 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 41 dep stages 575:580 arg1 V 613:613 V 613:613 V 613:613 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 2 42 theme maturation 469:478 arg1 development 486:496 the maturation stage development 465:496 the maturation stage development of fruiting body 465:513 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 4 43 theme molecular 903:911 arg1 weight 913:918 the molecular weight 899:918 the molecular weight 899:918 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 1 44 dep compositions 249:260 arg1 the 236:238 the 236:238 the 236:238 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 3 45 theme mid-fungal 616:625 arg1 V 613:613 V 613:613 V 613:613 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 45 theme mid-fungal 616:625 arg1 stage 633:637 mid-fungal spine stage 616:637 mid-fungal spine stage 616:637 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 1 46 theme maturation 216:225 arg1 stage 227:231 the maturation stage 212:231 the maturation stage 212:231 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 47 theme culinary-medicinal 325:342 arg1 erinaceus 362:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 4 48 contain had 813:815 arg1 HP4A 748:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A 720:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 720:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 48 contain had 813:815 arg2 difference 831:840 a significant difference 817:840 a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions 817:963 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 3 49 theme spine 627:631 arg1 V 613:613 V 613:613 V 613:613 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 3 49 theme spine 627:631 arg1 stage 633:637 mid-fungal spine stage 616:637 mid-fungal spine stage 616:637 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 1 50 theme stage 227:231 arg1 effect 202:207 the effect 198:207 the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 198:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 51 theme mushroom 344:351 arg1 erinaceus 362:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 0 52 theme Maturation 168:177 arg1 Stages 179:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 5 53 theme fruiting 1078:1085 arg1 body 1087:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 6 54 theme higher 1230:1235 arg1 qualities 1237:1245 higher qualities 1230:1245 higher qualities 1230:1245 Our findings provided important information for the harvest and use of H. erinaceus with higher qualities and functional benefits. 26082983 4 55 from difference 831:840 arg1 weight 913:918 the molecular weight 899:918 the molecular weight 899:918 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 55 from difference 831:840 arg1 compositions 952:963 monosaccharide compositions 937:963 monosaccharide compositions 937:963 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 0 56 theme Polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 Compositions 9:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions 0:20 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 0 56 theme Polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 Activation 37:46 Macrophage Activation 26:46 Macrophage Activation 26:46 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 1 57 theme Hericium 353:360 arg1 erinaceus 362:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 0 58 theme Different 158:166 arg1 Stages 179:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Different Maturation Stages 158:184 Chemical Compositions and Macrophage Activation of Polysaccharides from Leon's Mane Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) in Different Maturation Stages. 26082983 5 59 theme polysaccharide 1008:1021 arg1 fraction 1023:1030 the polysaccharide fraction HP6 1004:1034 the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1004:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 4 60 dep maturating-stage 771:786 arg1 stage 789:793 stage IV 789:796 stage IV 789:796 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 5 61 theme mature 1054:1059 arg1 body 1087:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 4 62 theme fruiting 799:806 arg1 body 808:811 the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 767:811 the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 767:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 63 theme fraction 739:746 arg1 HP4A 748:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A 720:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 720:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 2 64 dep increased 415:423 arg1 whereas 426:432 whereas 426:432 whereas 426:432 Results showed that total polysaccharides increased, whereas protein content decreased with the maturation stage development of fruiting body. 26082983 5 65 theme stage 1061:1065 arg1 body 1087:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 6 66 theme H. 1212:1213 arg1 erinaceus 1215:1223 H. erinaceus 1212:1223 H. erinaceus 1212:1223 Our findings provided important information for the harvest and use of H. erinaceus with higher qualities and functional benefits. 26082983 4 67 theme polysaccharide 724:737 arg1 HP4A 748:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A 720:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 720:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 3 68 dep mature 648:653 arg1 VI 644:645 VI 644:645 VI 644:645 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 4 69 from HP6A 880:883 arg1 difference 831:840 a significant difference 817:840 a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions 817:963 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 1 70 from effect 202:207 arg1 compositions 249:260 chemical compositions 240:260 chemical compositions 240:260 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 70 from effect 202:207 arg1 activity 288:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 macrophage activation activity 266:295 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 71 from activity 288:295 arg1 erinaceus 362:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus 321:370 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 1 72 theme chemical 240:247 arg1 compositions 249:260 chemical compositions 240:260 chemical compositions 240:260 We studied the effect of the maturation stage on the chemical compositions and macrophage activation activity of polysaccharides from the culinary-medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus. 26082983 4 73 dep stage 886:890 arg1 VI 892:893 VI 892:893 VI 892:893 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 3 74 theme precipitation 698:710 arg1 method 712:717 the gradient ethanol precipitation method 677:717 the gradient ethanol precipitation method 677:717 Nine polysaccharide fractions, 3 from each of the maturity stages IV (small fungal spine stage), V (mid-fungal spine stage) and VI (mature), were prepared using the gradient ethanol precipitation method. 26082983 5 75 attach isolated 1036:1043 arg1 body 1087:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1050:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 5 75 attach isolated 1036:1043 arg2 fraction 1023:1030 the polysaccharide fraction HP6 1004:1034 the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body 1004:1090 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 5 76 theme higher 1102:1107 arg1 activity 1131:1138 higher macrophage activation activity 1102:1138 higher macrophage activation activity 1102:1138 Immunostimulating tests revealed that the polysaccharide fraction HP6 isolated from the mature stage (stage VI) fruiting body presented higher macrophage activation activity. 26082983 6 77 theme erinaceus 1215:1223 arg1 use 1205:1207 use 1205:1207 use of H. erinaceus 1205:1223 Our findings provided important information for the harvest and use of H. erinaceus with higher qualities and functional benefits. 26082983 6 77 theme erinaceus 1215:1223 arg1 information 1173:1183 important information 1163:1183 important information for the harvest 1163:1199 Our findings provided important information for the harvest and use of H. erinaceus with higher qualities and functional benefits. 26082983 4 78 attach isolated 753:760 arg1 body 808:811 the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 767:811 the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 767:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 26082983 4 78 attach isolated 753:760 arg2 HP4A 748:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A 720:751 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body 720:811 The polysaccharide fraction HP4A isolated from the maturating-stage (stage IV) fruiting body had a significant difference from the fractions HP5A (stage V) and HP6A (stage VI) in the molecular weight distribution and monosaccharide compositions. 25762022 0 0 theme monoclonal 86:95 arg1 antibody 97:104 a model monoclonal antibody 78:104 a model monoclonal antibody 78:104 Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. 25762022 6 1 theme Plackett-Burman 929:943 arg1 design 955:960 a Plackett-Burman screening design 927:960 a Plackett-Burman screening design 927:960 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 9 2 theme monoclonal 1488:1497 arg1 quality 1516:1522 monoclonal antibody product quality 1488:1522 monoclonal antibody product quality 1488:1522 All of these are important for monoclonal antibody product quality. 25762022 0 3 theme model 80:84 arg1 antibody 97:104 a model monoclonal antibody 78:104 a model monoclonal antibody 78:104 Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. 25762022 8 4 theme engineering 1256:1266 arg1 changes 1268:1274 engineering changes 1256:1274 engineering changes relating to culture temperature 1256:1306 We found engineering changes relating to culture temperature and nonessential amino acid supplementation significantly impacted glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation. 25762022 1 5 theme cell 164:167 arg1 bioprocessing 177:189 cell culture bioprocessing 164:189 cell culture bioprocessing 164:189 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 9 6 theme antibody 1499:1506 arg1 quality 1516:1522 monoclonal antibody product quality 1488:1522 monoclonal antibody product quality 1488:1522 All of these are important for monoclonal antibody product quality. 25762022 6 7 theme screening 945:953 arg1 design 955:960 a Plackett-Burman screening design 927:960 a Plackett-Burman screening design 927:960 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 6 8 theme variables 1023:1031 arg1 effects 1001:1007 the main effects 992:1007 the main effects of 11 process variables 992:1031 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 3 9 theme small 383:387 arg1 changes 389:395 small changes 383:395 small changes in composition and control 383:422 When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composition and control may yield a finished product of less desirable quality. 25762022 3 10 from changes 389:395 arg1 composition 400:410 composition 400:410 composition 400:410 When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composition and control may yield a finished product of less desirable quality. 25762022 3 10 from changes 389:395 arg1 control 416:422 control 416:422 control 416:422 When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composition and control may yield a finished product of less desirable quality. 25762022 5 11 theme design-of-experiments-based 626:652 arg1 approaches 654:663 design-of-experiments-based approaches 626:663 design-of-experiments-based approaches 626:663 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 2 12 theme parameters 305:314 arg1 process 271:277 process 271:277 process 271:277 This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. 25762022 2 12 theme parameters 305:314 arg1 product 259:265 product 259:265 product 259:265 This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. 25762022 6 13 theme process 1015:1021 arg1 variables 1023:1031 11 process variables 1012:1031 11 process variables 1012:1031 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 5 14 theme product 779:785 arg1 understanding 762:774 a better understanding 753:774 a better understanding of product 753:785 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 2 15 theme bioreactor 294:303 arg1 parameters 305:314 bioreactor parameters 294:314 bioreactor parameters during development 294:333 This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. 25762022 1 16 theme culture 169:175 arg1 bioprocessing 177:189 cell culture bioprocessing 164:189 cell culture bioprocessing 164:189 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 5 17 theme critical 833:840 arg1 attributes 850:859 a product's critical quality attributes 821:859 a product's critical quality attributes 821:859 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 7 18 theme important 1137:1145 arg1 factors 1147:1153 the most important factors 1128:1153 the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1128:1244 This exercise allowed us to determine the relative importance of these variables and identify the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles. 25762022 2 19 dep product 259:265 arg1 engineering 279:289 engineering 279:289 engineering 279:289 This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. 25762022 0 20 theme process 11:17 arg1 screening 29:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening 0:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening 0:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. 25762022 7 21 theme desirable 1204:1212 arg1 profiles 1237:1244 both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1199:1244 both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1199:1244 This exercise allowed us to determine the relative importance of these variables and identify the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles. 25762022 3 22 theme finished 436:443 arg1 product 445:451 a finished product 434:451 a finished product of less desirable quality 434:477 When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composition and control may yield a finished product of less desirable quality. 25762022 0 23 theme Bioreactor 0:9 arg1 screening 29:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening 0:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening 0:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. 25762022 6 24 theme 11 1012:1013 arg1 process 1015:1021 process 1015:1021 process 1015:1021 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 5 25 with goal 724:727 arg1 understanding 762:774 a better understanding 753:774 a better understanding of product 753:785 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 5 26 theme yield 742:746 arg1 goal 724:727 this goal 719:727 this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product 719:785 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 1 27 theme Consistent 107:116 arg1 goal 155:158 a key goal 149:158 a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing 149:189 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 1 27 theme Consistent 107:116 arg1 yield 140:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 8 28 theme nonessential 1312:1323 arg1 supplementation 1336:1350 nonessential amino acid supplementation 1312:1350 nonessential amino acid supplementation 1312:1350 We found engineering changes relating to culture temperature and nonessential amino acid supplementation significantly impacted glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation. 25762022 0 29 theme parameter 19:27 arg1 screening 29:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening 0:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening 0:37 Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. 25762022 4 30 theme US 595:596 arg1 FDA 598:600 the US FDA 591:600 the US FDA for approval 591:613 Therefore, changes proposed to currently validated processes usually require justification and are reported to the US FDA for approval. 25762022 1 31 theme high-quality 118:129 arg1 goal 155:158 a key goal 149:158 a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing 149:189 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 1 31 theme high-quality 118:129 arg1 yield 140:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 6 32 theme main 996:999 arg1 effects 1001:1007 the main effects 992:1007 the main effects of 11 process variables 992:1031 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 7 33 theme undesirable 1218:1228 arg1 profiles 1237:1244 both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1199:1244 both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1199:1244 This exercise allowed us to determine the relative importance of these variables and identify the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles. 25762022 7 34 theme glycan 1230:1235 arg1 profiles 1237:1244 both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1199:1244 both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles 1199:1244 This exercise allowed us to determine the relative importance of these variables and identify the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles. 25762022 8 35 theme culture 1288:1294 arg1 temperature 1296:1306 culture temperature 1288:1306 culture temperature 1288:1306 We found engineering changes relating to culture temperature and nonessential amino acid supplementation significantly impacted glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation. 25762022 3 36 theme desirable 461:469 arg1 quality 471:477 less desirable quality 456:477 less desirable quality 456:477 When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composition and control may yield a finished product of less desirable quality. 25762022 5 37 theme better 755:760 arg1 understanding 762:774 a better understanding 753:774 a better understanding of product 753:785 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 6 38 theme model 898:902 arg1 culture 904:910 a laboratory-scale model culture 879:910 a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures 879:981 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 3 39 theme quality 471:477 arg1 product 445:451 a finished product 434:451 a finished product of less desirable quality 434:477 When the process is complex and not optimized, small changes in composition and control may yield a finished product of less desirable quality. 25762022 7 40 theme variables 1105:1113 arg1 importance 1085:1094 the relative importance 1072:1094 the relative importance of these variables 1072:1113 This exercise allowed us to determine the relative importance of these variables and identify the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles. 25762022 7 41 theme relative 1076:1083 arg1 importance 1085:1094 the relative importance 1072:1094 the relative importance of these variables 1072:1113 This exercise allowed us to determine the relative importance of these variables and identify the most important factors to be further optimized in order to control both desirable and undesirable glycan profiles. 25762022 6 42 theme laboratory-scale 881:896 arg1 culture 904:910 a laboratory-scale model culture 879:910 a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures 879:981 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 2 43 theme commercial 231:240 arg1 settings 242:249 commercial settings 231:249 commercial settings 231:249 This endpoint is typically achieved in commercial settings through product and process engineering of bioreactor parameters during development. 25762022 1 44 theme antibody 131:138 arg1 goal 155:158 a key goal 149:158 a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing 149:189 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 1 44 theme antibody 131:138 arg1 yield 140:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 0 45 theme Plackett-Burman 51:65 arg1 design 67:72 a Plackett-Burman design 49:72 a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody 49:104 Bioreactor process parameter screening utilizing a Plackett-Burman design for a model monoclonal antibody. 25762022 6 46 theme parallel 965:972 arg1 cultures 974:981 parallel cultures 965:981 parallel cultures 965:981 Here, we present a laboratory-scale model culture where we apply a Plackett-Burman screening design to parallel cultures to study the main effects of 11 process variables. 25762022 8 47 theme acid 1331:1334 arg1 supplementation 1336:1350 nonessential amino acid supplementation 1312:1350 nonessential amino acid supplementation 1312:1350 We found engineering changes relating to culture temperature and nonessential amino acid supplementation significantly impacted glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation. 25762022 8 48 theme glycan 1375:1380 arg1 profiles 1382:1389 glycan profiles 1375:1389 glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation 1375:1454 We found engineering changes relating to culture temperature and nonessential amino acid supplementation significantly impacted glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation. 25762022 5 49 theme optimized 732:740 arg1 yield 742:746 optimized yield 732:746 optimized yield 732:746 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 25762022 8 50 theme amino 1325:1329 arg1 supplementation 1336:1350 nonessential amino acid supplementation 1312:1350 nonessential amino acid supplementation 1312:1350 We found engineering changes relating to culture temperature and nonessential amino acid supplementation significantly impacted glycan profiles associated with fucosylation, β-galactosylation, and sialylation. 25762022 1 51 theme key 151:153 arg1 goal 155:158 a key goal 149:158 a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing 149:189 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 1 51 theme key 151:153 arg1 yield 140:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield 107:144 Consistent high-quality antibody yield is a key goal for cell culture bioprocessing. 25762022 9 52 theme product 1508:1514 arg1 quality 1516:1522 monoclonal antibody product quality 1488:1522 monoclonal antibody product quality 1488:1522 All of these are important for monoclonal antibody product quality. 25762022 4 53 theme validated 521:529 arg1 processes 531:539 currently validated processes 511:539 currently validated processes 511:539 Therefore, changes proposed to currently validated processes usually require justification and are reported to the US FDA for approval. 25762022 5 54 theme quality 842:848 arg1 attributes 850:859 a product's critical quality attributes 821:859 a product's critical quality attributes 821:859 Recently, design-of-experiments-based approaches have been explored to rapidly and efficiently achieve this goal of optimized yield with a better understanding of product and process variables that affect a product's critical quality attributes. 28990779 6 0 theme N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 0 theme N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 0 theme N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 arg1 variety 1503:1509 a wide variety 1496:1509 a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies 1496:1654 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 5 1 theme Asn-linked 1280:1289 arg1 moiety 1298:1303 the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1276:1303 the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1276:1303 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 3 2 theme α1,6-fucosynthase 599:615 arg1 generation 575:584 generation 575:584 generation 575:584 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 3 2 theme α1,6-fucosynthase 599:615 arg1 design 564:569 design 564:569 design 564:569 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 5 3 link Asn-linked 1280:1289 arg1 moiety 1298:1303 the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1276:1303 the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1276:1303 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 5 4 gly N-glycopeptides 1402:1416 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1402:1416 N-glycopeptides 1402:1416 N-glycopeptides 1402:1416 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 6 5 theme homogeneous 1514:1524 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 4 6 from residue 731:737 arg1 mutation 702:709 mutation 702:709 mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) 702:744 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 7 theme α1,6-fucosidase 913:927 arg1 E274 881:884 the general acid/base residue E274 851:884 the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 851:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 5 8 from N-glycans 1374:1382 arg1 context 1391:1397 the context 1387:1397 the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies 1387:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 3 9 theme direct 636:641 arg1 fucosylation 648:659 direct core fucosylation 636:659 direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins 636:685 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 6 10 theme structural 1622:1631 arg1 studies 1648:1654 structural and functional studies 1622:1654 structural and functional studies 1622:1654 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 1 11 theme glycoproteins 212:224 arg1 functions 199:207 the biological functions 184:207 the biological functions of glycoproteins 184:224 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 5 12 from moiety 1298:1303 arg1 moiety 1253:1258 an α1,6-fucose moiety 1238:1258 an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1238:1303 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 3 13 theme fucoligase 621:630 arg1 generation 575:584 generation 575:584 generation 575:584 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 3 13 theme fucoligase 621:630 arg1 design 564:569 design 564:569 design 564:569 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 4 14 theme efficient 974:982 arg1 E274A 940:944 E274A 940:944 E274A 940:944 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 14 theme efficient 974:982 arg1 glycoligases 984:995 efficient glycoligases 974:995 efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate 974:1140 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 14 theme efficient 974:982 arg1 E274G 958:962 E274G 958:962 E274G 958:962 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 14 theme efficient 974:982 arg1 mutants 826:832 several mutants 818:832 several mutants 818:832 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 14 theme efficient 974:982 arg1 E274S 947:951 E274S 947:951 E274S 947:951 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 3 15 gly fucosylation 648:659 arg1 N-glycoproteins 671:685 intact N-glycoproteins 664:685 intact N-glycoproteins 664:685 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 4 16 theme α-fucosyl 1095:1103 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 a simple donor substrate 1117:1140 a simple donor substrate 1117:1140 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 16 theme α-fucosyl 1095:1103 arg1 fluoride 1105:1112 α-fucosyl fluoride 1095:1112 α-fucosyl fluoride 1095:1112 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 17 theme typical 764:770 arg1 glycosynthase 772:784 a typical glycosynthase 762:784 a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme 762:811 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 5 18 theme complex-type 1361:1372 arg1 N-glycans 1374:1382 high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans 1344:1382 high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies 1344:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 2 19 theme glycoproteins 293:305 arg1 synthesis 236:244 the synthesis 232:244 the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins 232:305 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 1 20 theme crucial 157:163 arg1 role 165:168 a crucial role 155:168 a crucial role 155:168 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 4 21 theme wide 1021:1024 arg1 variety 1026:1032 a wide variety 1019:1032 a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins 1019:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 21 theme wide 1021:1024 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 21 theme wide 1021:1024 arg1 glycoproteins 1072:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 0 22 theme Intact 68:73 arg1 N-Glycopeptides 75:89 N-Glycopeptides 75:89 N-Glycopeptides 75:89 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 3 23 theme potential 589:597 arg1 α1,6-fucosynthase 599:615 potential α1,6-fucosynthase 589:615 potential α1,6-fucosynthase 589:615 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 4 24 theme several 818:824 arg1 E274A 940:944 E274A 940:944 E274A 940:944 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 24 theme several 818:824 arg1 glycoligases 984:995 efficient glycoligases 974:995 efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate 974:1140 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 24 theme several 818:824 arg1 E274G 958:962 E274G 958:962 E274G 958:962 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 24 theme several 818:824 arg1 mutants 826:832 several mutants 818:832 several mutants 818:832 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 24 theme several 818:824 arg1 E274S 947:951 E274S 947:951 E274S 947:951 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 5 25 theme high-mannose 1344:1355 arg1 N-glycans 1374:1382 high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans 1344:1382 high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies 1344:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 5 26 from Studies 1143:1149 arg1 specificity 1168:1178 the substrate specificity 1154:1178 the substrate specificity 1154:1178 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 5 27 theme N-glycoproteins 1419:1433 arg1 context 1391:1397 the context 1387:1397 the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies 1387:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 1 28 gly fucosylation 117:128 arg1 N-glycoproteins 133:147 N-glycoproteins 133:147 N-glycoproteins 133:147 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 5 29 theme substrate 1158:1166 arg1 specificity 1168:1178 the substrate specificity 1154:1178 the substrate specificity 1154:1178 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 6 30 theme wide 1498:1501 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 30 theme wide 1498:1501 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 30 theme wide 1498:1501 arg1 variety 1503:1509 a wide variety 1496:1509 a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies 1496:1654 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 31 theme new 1482:1484 arg1 avenue 1486:1491 a new avenue 1480:1491 a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies 1480:1654 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 4 32 theme bacterial 796:804 arg1 enzyme 806:811 this bacterial enzyme 791:811 this bacterial enzyme 791:811 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 2 33 theme α1,6-fucosyltransferase 425:447 arg1 synthesis 378:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 2 33 theme α1,6-fucosyltransferase 425:447 arg1 inability 395:403 the inability 391:403 the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach 391:533 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 0 34 theme Designer 0:7 arg1 Mutants 25:31 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants 0:31 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants 0:31 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 5 35 theme α1,6-fucose 1241:1251 arg1 moiety 1253:1258 an α1,6-fucose moiety 1238:1258 an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1238:1303 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 1 36 theme Core 112:115 arg1 fucosylation 117:128 Core fucosylation 112:128 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins 112:147 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 2 37 theme mature 489:494 arg1 N-glycans 496:504 full-size mature N-glycans 479:504 full-size mature N-glycans 479:504 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 4 38 gly fucosylate 1008:1017 arg1 variety 1026:1032 a wide variety 1019:1032 a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins 1019:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 38 gly fucosylate 1008:1017 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 38 gly fucosylate 1008:1017 arg1 glycoproteins 1072:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 39 theme N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 arg1 variety 1026:1032 a wide variety 1019:1032 a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins 1019:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 39 theme N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 39 theme N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 arg1 glycoproteins 1072:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 40 theme residue 873:879 arg1 E274 881:884 the general acid/base residue E274 851:884 the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 851:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 5 41 theme N-glycopeptides 1402:1416 arg1 context 1391:1397 the context 1387:1397 the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies 1387:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 0 42 theme Direct 40:45 arg1 Fucosylation 52:63 Direct Core Fucosylation 40:63 Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins 40:109 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 4 43 theme intact 1065:1070 arg1 glycoproteins 1072:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 2 44 theme chemical 369:376 arg1 synthesis 378:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 6 45 dep homogeneous 1514:1524 arg1 core-fucosylated 1527:1542 core-fucosylated 1527:1542 core-fucosylated 1527:1542 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 4 46 gly N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 6 47 theme functional 1637:1646 arg1 studies 1648:1654 structural and functional studies 1622:1654 structural and functional studies 1622:1654 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 4 48 theme general 855:861 arg1 E274 881:884 the general acid/base residue E274 851:884 the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 851:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 5 49 theme antibodies 1447:1456 arg1 context 1391:1397 the context 1387:1397 the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies 1387:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 2 50 theme chemoenzymatic 511:524 arg1 approach 526:533 a chemoenzymatic approach 509:533 a chemoenzymatic approach 509:533 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 4 51 theme simple 1119:1124 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 a simple donor substrate 1117:1140 a simple donor substrate 1117:1140 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 51 theme simple 1119:1124 arg1 fluoride 1105:1112 α-fucosyl fluoride 1095:1112 α-fucosyl fluoride 1095:1112 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 1 52 gly glycoproteins 212:224 arg1 glycoproteins 212:224 glycoproteins 212:224 glycoproteins 212:224 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 2 53 theme due 334:336 arg1 task 329:332 a challenging task 315:332 a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach 315:533 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 5 54 theme GlcNAc 1291:1296 arg1 moiety 1298:1303 the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1276:1303 the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety 1276:1303 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 2 55 theme challenging 317:327 arg1 task 329:332 a challenging task 315:332 a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach 315:533 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 1 56 theme biological 188:197 arg1 functions 199:207 the biological functions 184:207 the biological functions of glycoproteins 184:224 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 4 57 theme nucleophilic 718:729 arg1 residue 731:737 the nucleophilic residue 714:737 the nucleophilic residue (D200) 714:744 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 57 theme nucleophilic 718:729 arg1 D200 740:743 D200 740:743 D200 740:743 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 2 58 gly glycoproteins 293:305 arg1 glycoproteins 293:305 structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins 249:305 structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins 249:305 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 4 59 theme casei 907:911 arg1 α1,6-fucosidase 913:927 the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 889:927 the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 889:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 3 60 gly N-glycoproteins 671:685 arg1 N-glycoproteins 671:685 intact N-glycoproteins 664:685 intact N-glycoproteins 664:685 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 4 61 with mutants 826:832 arg1 mutation 839:846 mutation 839:846 mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 839:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 2 62 theme well-defined 262:273 arg1 glycoproteins 293:305 structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins 249:305 structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins 249:305 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 3 63 theme core 643:646 arg1 fucosylation 648:659 direct core fucosylation 636:659 direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins 636:685 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 4 64 from E274 881:884 arg1 mutation 839:846 mutation 839:846 mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 839:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 1 65 theme N-glycoproteins 133:147 arg1 fucosylation 117:128 Core fucosylation 112:128 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins 112:147 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 5 66 theme α1,6-fucosidase 1198:1212 arg1 mutants 1214:1220 the α1,6-fucosidase mutants 1194:1220 the α1,6-fucosidase mutants 1194:1220 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 0 67 theme N-Glycopeptides 75:89 arg1 Fucosylation 52:63 Direct Core Fucosylation 40:63 Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins 40:109 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 3 68 theme N-glycoproteins 671:685 arg1 fucosylation 648:659 direct core fucosylation 636:659 direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins 636:685 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 0 69 theme N-Glycoproteins 95:109 arg1 Fucosylation 52:63 Direct Core Fucosylation 40:63 Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins 40:109 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 6 70 gly N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 1 71 gly N-glycoproteins 133:147 arg1 N-glycoproteins 133:147 N-glycoproteins 133:147 N-glycoproteins 133:147 Core fucosylation of N-glycoproteins plays a crucial role in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins. 28990779 2 72 gly fucosylate 468:477 arg1 N-glycans 496:504 full-size mature N-glycans 479:504 full-size mature N-glycans 479:504 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 6 73 gly N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 arg2 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 2 74 from complexity 345:354 arg1 synthesis 378:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 2 74 from complexity 345:354 arg1 inability 395:403 the inability 391:403 the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach 391:533 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 0 75 theme α1,6-Fucosidase 9:23 arg1 Mutants 25:31 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants 0:31 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants 0:31 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 4 76 from enzyme 806:811 arg1 glycosynthase 772:784 a typical glycosynthase 762:784 a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme 762:811 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 77 theme glycoproteins 1072:1084 arg1 variety 1026:1032 a wide variety 1019:1032 a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins 1019:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 77 theme glycoproteins 1072:1084 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 77 theme glycoproteins 1072:1084 arg1 glycoproteins 1072:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 2 78 theme biosynthetic 412:423 arg1 FUT8 450:453 FUT8 450:453 FUT8 450:453 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 2 78 theme biosynthetic 412:423 arg1 α1,6-fucosyltransferase 425:447 the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase 408:447 the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) 408:454 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 3 79 dep design 564:569 arg1 the 560:562 the 560:562 the 560:562 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 2 80 theme full-size 479:487 arg1 N-glycans 496:504 full-size mature N-glycans 479:504 full-size mature N-glycans 479:504 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 0 81 theme Core 47:50 arg1 Fucosylation 52:63 Direct Core Fucosylation 40:63 Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins 40:109 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 2 82 dep well-defined 262:273 arg1 core-fucosylated 276:291 core-fucosylated 276:291 core-fucosylated 276:291 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 4 83 gly glycoproteins 1072:1084 arg1 glycoproteins 1072:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 intact glycoproteins 1065:1084 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 84 theme complex 1037:1043 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1045:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 complex N-glycopeptides 1037:1059 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 85 theme acid/base 863:871 arg1 E274 881:884 the general acid/base residue E274 851:884 the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase 851:927 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 3 86 theme intact 664:669 arg1 N-glycoproteins 671:685 intact N-glycoproteins 664:685 intact N-glycoproteins 664:685 We report in this paper the design and generation of potential α1,6-fucosynthase and fucoligase for direct core fucosylation of intact N-glycoproteins. 28990779 4 87 theme donor 1126:1130 arg1 substrate 1132:1140 a simple donor substrate 1117:1140 a simple donor substrate 1117:1140 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 4 87 theme donor 1126:1130 arg1 fluoride 1105:1112 α-fucosyl fluoride 1095:1112 α-fucosyl fluoride 1095:1112 We found that mutation at the nucleophilic residue (D200) did not provide a typical glycosynthase from this bacterial enzyme, but several mutants with mutation at the general acid/base residue E274 of the Lactobacillus casei α1,6-fucosidase, including E274A, E274S, and E274G, acted as efficient glycoligases that could fucosylate a wide variety of complex N-glycopeptides and intact glycoproteins by using α-fucosyl fluoride as a simple donor substrate. 28990779 5 88 theme intact 1440:1445 arg1 antibodies 1447:1456 intact antibodies 1440:1456 intact antibodies 1440:1456 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 2 89 theme multistep 359:367 arg1 synthesis 378:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 multistep chemical synthesis 359:386 Yet, the synthesis of structurally well-defined, core-fucosylated glycoproteins remains a challenging task due to the complexity in multistep chemical synthesis or the inability of the biosynthetic α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) to directly fucosylate full-size mature N-glycans in a chemoenzymatic approach. 28990779 0 90 gly Fucosylation 52:63 arg1 N-Glycoproteins 95:109 N-Glycoproteins 95:109 N-Glycoproteins 95:109 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 0 90 gly Fucosylation 52:63 arg1 N-Glycopeptides 75:89 N-Glycopeptides 75:89 N-Glycopeptides 75:89 Designer α1,6-Fucosidase Mutants Enable Direct Core Fucosylation of Intact N-Glycopeptides and N-Glycoproteins. 28990779 5 91 gly N-glycoproteins 1419:1433 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1419:1433 N-glycoproteins 1419:1433 N-glycoproteins 1419:1433 Studies on the substrate specificity revealed that the α1,6-fucosidase mutants could introduce an α1,6-fucose moiety specifically at the Asn-linked GlcNAc moiety not only to GlcNAc-peptide but also to high-mannose and complex-type N-glycans in the context of N-glycopeptides, N-glycoproteins, and intact antibodies. 28990779 6 92 theme N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 arg1 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 92 theme N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 arg1 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 N-glycopeptides 1544:1558 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 28990779 6 92 theme N-glycoproteins 1564:1578 arg1 variety 1503:1509 a wide variety 1496:1509 a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies 1496:1654 This discovery opens a new avenue to a wide variety of homogeneous, core-fucosylated N-glycopeptides and N-glycoproteins that are hitherto difficult to obtain for structural and functional studies. 24680904 0 0 theme processed 92:100 arg1 products 102:109 its processed products 88:109 its processed products 88:109 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 3 1 theme CCAP 651:654 arg1 spectra 640:646 the FT-IR spectra 630:646 the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP 630:663 The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP displayed lower transmittance at around 1050cm(-1) in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 6 2 theme CCAP 987:990 arg1 groups 1001:1006 CCAP and SCAP groups 987:1006 CCAP and SCAP groups 987:1006 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 3 3 theme FT-IR 634:638 arg1 spectra 640:646 the FT-IR spectra 630:646 the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP 630:663 The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP displayed lower transmittance at around 1050cm(-1) in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 2 4 theme tissue 559:564 arg1 contents 522:529 MDA contents 518:529 MDA contents 518:529 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 2 4 theme tissue 559:564 arg1 activities 539:548 SOD activities 535:548 SOD activities 535:548 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 2 5 from contents 522:529 arg1 mice 569:572 mice 569:572 mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage 569:603 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 angelica 75:82 Chinese angelica 67:82 Chinese angelica 67:82 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 products 102:109 its processed products 88:109 its processed products 88:109 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 2 7 theme liver 553:557 arg1 tissue 559:564 liver tissue 553:564 liver tissue 553:564 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 6 8 theme OCAP 1063:1066 arg1 groups 1077:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 2 9 from activities 539:548 arg1 mice 569:572 mice 569:572 mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage 569:603 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 5 10 with comparison 935:944 arg1 that 951:954 that 951:954 that 951:954 In CCAP, ACAP, OCAP and SCAP, the proportions of arabinose were significantly increased in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 6 11 from activities 973:982 arg1 groups 1001:1006 CCAP and SCAP groups 987:1006 CCAP and SCAP groups 987:1006 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 1 12 dep angelica 158:165 arg1 parched 175:181 parched 175:181 parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) 175:237 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 1 12 dep angelica 158:165 arg1 parched 243:249 parched 243:249 parched into charred (CCAP) 243:269 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 2 13 theme antioxidative 464:476 arg1 activities 478:487 antioxidative activities 464:487 antioxidative activities 464:487 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 3 14 theme lower 675:679 arg1 transmittance 681:693 lower transmittance 675:693 lower transmittance 675:693 The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP displayed lower transmittance at around 1050cm(-1) in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 6 15 theme CCAP 1057:1060 arg1 groups 1077:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 7 16 theme antioxidative 1225:1237 arg1 activity 1239:1246 antioxidative activity 1225:1246 antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica 1225:1284 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 2 17 theme Fourier 336:342 arg1 spectroscopy 363:374 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 336:374 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 336:382 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 2 17 theme Fourier 336:342 arg1 FT-IR 377:381 FT-IR 377:381 FT-IR 377:381 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 0 18 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 0 18 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 activities 35:44 antioxidative activities 21:44 antioxidative activities 21:44 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 7 19 theme antioxidative 1320:1332 arg1 activity 1334:1341 the strongest antioxidative activity 1306:1341 the strongest antioxidative activity 1306:1341 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 6 20 theme SOD 969:971 arg1 activities 973:982 The SOD activities 965:982 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups 965:1006 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 3 21 theme OCAP 660:663 arg1 spectra 640:646 the FT-IR spectra 630:646 the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP 630:663 The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP displayed lower transmittance at around 1050cm(-1) in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 6 22 theme UCAP 1130:1133 arg1 group 1135:1139 UCAP group 1130:1139 UCAP group 1130:1139 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 1 23 from angelica 158:165 arg1 polysaccharides 117:131 Five polysaccharides 112:131 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) 112:269 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 6 24 theme MDA 1041:1043 arg1 contents 1045:1052 MDA contents 1041:1052 MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1041:1082 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 6 25 theme SCAP 1072:1075 arg1 groups 1077:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 2 26 theme MDA 518:520 arg1 contents 522:529 MDA contents 518:529 MDA contents 518:529 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 7 27 from activity 1239:1246 arg1 angelica 1277:1284 Chinese angelica 1269:1284 Chinese angelica 1269:1284 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 0 28 theme antioxidative 21:33 arg1 activities 35:44 antioxidative activities 21:44 antioxidative activities 21:44 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 7 29 theme strongest 1310:1318 arg1 activity 1334:1341 the strongest antioxidative activity 1306:1341 the strongest antioxidative activity 1306:1341 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 6 30 from contents 1045:1052 arg1 groups 1077:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups 1057:1082 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 2 31 theme chromatography-mass 419:437 arg1 GC-MS 453:457 GC-MS 453:457 GC-MS 453:457 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 2 31 theme chromatography-mass 419:437 arg1 spectrometry 439:450 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 415:450 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 415:458 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 7 32 contain possessed 1296:1304 arg2 activity 1334:1341 the strongest antioxidative activity 1306:1341 the strongest antioxidative activity 1306:1341 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 7 32 contain possessed 1296:1304 arg1 CCAP 1291:1294 CCAP 1291:1294 CCAP 1291:1294 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 2 33 theme gas 415:417 arg1 GC-MS 453:457 GC-MS 453:457 GC-MS 453:457 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 2 33 theme gas 415:417 arg1 spectrometry 439:450 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 415:450 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 415:458 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 1 34 theme sesame 221:226 arg1 OCAP 233:236 OCAP 233:236 OCAP 233:236 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 1 34 theme sesame 221:226 arg1 alcohol 192:198 alcohol 192:198 alcohol (ACAP) 192:205 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 1 34 theme sesame 221:226 arg1 oil 228:230 sesame oil 221:230 sesame oil (OCAP) 221:237 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 2 35 theme transform-infrared 344:361 arg1 spectroscopy 363:374 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 336:374 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 336:382 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 2 35 theme transform-infrared 344:361 arg1 FT-IR 377:381 FT-IR 377:381 FT-IR 377:381 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 0 36 theme Chinese 67:73 arg1 angelica 75:82 Chinese angelica 67:82 Chinese angelica 67:82 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 3 37 dep displayed 665:673 arg1 -1 712:713 -1 712:713 -1 712:713 The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP displayed lower transmittance at around 1050cm(-1) in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 2 38 theme SOD 535:537 arg1 activities 539:548 SOD activities 535:548 SOD activities 535:548 Their structures were identified by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and antioxidative activities were compared by determining MDA contents and SOD activities of liver tissue in mice damaged with CCl4 after gavage. 24680904 7 39 theme Chinese 1269:1275 arg1 angelica 1277:1284 Chinese angelica 1269:1284 Chinese angelica 1269:1284 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 1 40 theme unprocessed 138:148 arg1 UCAP 168:171 UCAP 168:171 UCAP 168:171 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 1 40 theme unprocessed 138:148 arg1 angelica 158:165 unprocessed Chinese angelica 138:165 unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP) 138:172 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 1 41 theme Chinese 150:156 arg1 UCAP 168:171 UCAP 168:171 UCAP 168:171 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 1 41 theme Chinese 150:156 arg1 angelica 158:165 unprocessed Chinese angelica 138:165 unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP) 138:172 Five polysaccharides from unprocessed Chinese angelica (UCAP), parched one with alcohol (ACAP), soil (SCAP), sesame oil (OCAP) and parched into charred (CCAP) were extracted and purified. 24680904 7 42 theme polysaccharide 1251:1264 arg1 activity 1239:1246 antioxidative activity 1225:1246 antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica 1225:1284 This indicated that processing could change the structure, composition and enhance antioxidative activity of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica, and CCAP possessed the strongest antioxidative activity. 24680904 3 43 with comparison 719:728 arg1 that 735:738 that 735:738 that 735:738 The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of CCAP and OCAP displayed lower transmittance at around 1050cm(-1) in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 5 44 theme arabinose 893:901 arg1 proportions 878:888 the proportions 874:888 the proportions of arabinose 874:901 In CCAP, ACAP, OCAP and SCAP, the proportions of arabinose were significantly increased in comparison with that of UCAP. 24680904 6 45 theme SCAP 996:999 arg1 groups 1001:1006 CCAP and SCAP groups 987:1006 CCAP and SCAP groups 987:1006 The SOD activities in CCAP and SCAP groups were significantly enhanced, and MDA contents in CCAP, OCAP and SCAP groups were significantly decreased as compared with UCAP group. 24680904 0 46 from activities 35:44 arg1 angelica 75:82 Chinese angelica 67:82 Chinese angelica 67:82 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 24680904 0 46 from activities 35:44 arg1 products 102:109 its processed products 88:109 its processed products 88:109 Characterization and antioxidative activities of polysaccharide in Chinese angelica and its processed products. 25253131 3 0 with experiments 796:806 arg1 cultured 813:820 cultured 813:820 cultured 813:820 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 0 with experiments 796:806 arg1 cells 834:838 isolated cells 825:838 isolated cells 825:838 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 1 theme cDNAs 673:677 arg1 amino-terminus 646:659 the amino-terminus 642:659 the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs 642:677 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 5 2 theme excess 1177:1182 arg1 lactose 1184:1190 excess lactose 1177:1190 excess lactose 1177:1190 The ability to bind and elute GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose provides a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation. 25253131 4 3 dep such 952:955 arg1 innocuous 1083:1091 innocuous 1083:1091 innocuous 1083:1091 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 4 3 dep such 952:955 arg1 efficient 1069:1077 efficient 1069:1077 efficient 1069:1077 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 7 4 theme targeting 1852:1860 arg1 signal 1862:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal 1824:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1 1824:1894 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 5 theme C-terminal 1734:1743 arg1 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1780:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 5 theme C-terminal 1734:1743 arg1 domain 1770:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain 1730:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1730:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 3 6 theme glycan 778:783 arg1 arrays 785:790 glycan arrays 778:790 glycan arrays 778:790 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 7 from preparation 718:728 arg1 assays 858:863 pull-down assays 848:863 pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 848:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 7 from preparation 718:728 arg1 experiments 796:806 experiments 796:806 experiments with cultured or isolated cells 796:838 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 7 from preparation 718:728 arg1 bacteria 758:765 bacteria 758:765 bacteria for use on glycan arrays 758:790 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 5 8 theme lactose-conjugated 1143:1160 arg1 Sepharose 1162:1170 lactose-conjugated Sepharose 1143:1170 lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose 1143:1190 The ability to bind and elute GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose provides a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation. 25253131 4 9 theme glutathione-conjugated 1004:1025 arg1 Sepharose 1027:1035 glutathione-conjugated Sepharose 1004:1035 glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione 1004:1059 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 6 10 theme varied 1355:1360 arg1 approaches 1362:1371 the varied approaches 1351:1371 the varied approaches 1351:1371 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 1 11 contain containing 140:149 arg2 β-galactose 151:161 β-galactose 151:161 β-galactose 151:161 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 1 11 contain containing 140:149 arg1 glycoconjugates 124:138 glycoconjugates 124:138 glycoconjugates containing β-galactose 124:161 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 7 12 theme glycan-dependent 1828:1843 arg1 signal 1862:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal 1824:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1 1824:1894 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 4 13 with Sepharose 1027:1035 arg1 glutathione 1049:1059 excess glutathione 1042:1059 excess glutathione 1042:1059 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 2 14 theme many 587:590 arg1 sources 592:598 many sources 587:598 many sources 587:598 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 6 15 theme experimental 1509:1520 arg1 protocols 1522:1530 effective experimental protocols 1499:1530 effective experimental protocols 1499:1530 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 2 16 theme diverse 382:388 arg1 organisms 369:377 organisms 369:377 organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals 369:440 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 4 17 theme Many 900:903 arg1 galectins 905:913 Many galectins 900:913 Many galectins 900:913 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 5 18 with Sepharose 1162:1170 arg1 lactose 1184:1190 excess lactose 1177:1190 excess lactose 1177:1190 The ability to bind and elute GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose provides a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation. 25253131 7 19 theme apical 1845:1850 arg1 signal 1862:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal 1824:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1 1824:1894 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 6 20 theme recombinant 1460:1470 arg1 galectins 1472:1480 recombinant galectins 1460:1480 recombinant galectins 1460:1480 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 3 21 theme galectin 664:671 arg1 cDNAs 673:677 galectin cDNAs 664:677 galectin cDNAs 664:677 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 2 22 dep fish 417:420 arg1 elegans 408:414 C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals 405:440 elegans 408:414 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 2 23 theme biological 447:456 arg1 activities 458:467 biological activities 447:467 biological activities attributed to galectins 447:491 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 1 24 theme amino 253:257 arg1 homology 264:271 amino acid homology 253:271 amino acid homology 253:271 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 7 25 theme galectin-9 1780:1789 arg1 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1780:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 25 theme galectin-9 1780:1789 arg1 domain 1770:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain 1730:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1730:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 26 with assay 1670:1674 arg1 galectins 1707:1715 all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1681:1715 all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1681:1715 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 5 27 from Sepharose 1162:1170 arg1 GST-galectins 1124:1136 GST-galectins 1124:1136 GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose 1124:1190 The ability to bind and elute GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose provides a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation. 25253131 7 28 theme GST-tagged 1689:1698 arg1 galectins 1707:1715 all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1681:1715 all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1681:1715 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 3 29 with assays 858:863 arg1 glycoproteins 885:897 immunopurified glycoproteins 870:897 immunopurified glycoproteins 870:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 1 30 theme acid 259:262 arg1 homology 264:271 amino acid homology 253:271 amino acid homology 253:271 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 7 31 theme pull-down 1660:1668 arg1 assay 1670:1674 a pull-down assay 1658:1674 a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1658:1715 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 6 32 dep specificity 1552:1562 arg1 the 1548:1550 the 1548:1550 the 1548:1550 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 0 33 dep in 55:56 arg1 vitro 58:62 vitro 58:62 vitro 58:62 Cloning, expression, and purification of galectins for in vitro studies. 25253131 3 34 theme immunopurified 870:883 arg1 glycoproteins 885:897 immunopurified glycoproteins 870:897 immunopurified glycoproteins 870:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 2 35 theme C. 405:406 arg1 fish 417:420 fish 417:420 fish 417:420 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 2 35 theme C. 405:406 arg1 fungi 398:402 some fungi 393:402 some fungi 393:402 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 3 36 from use 771:773 arg1 arrays 785:790 glycan arrays 778:790 glycan arrays 778:790 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 37 from experiments 796:806 arg1 preparation 718:728 preparation 718:728 preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 718:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 38 theme pull-down 848:856 arg1 assays 858:863 pull-down assays 848:863 pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 848:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 6 39 theme lactose-conjugated 1421:1438 arg1 Sepharose 1440:1448 glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose 1404:1448 glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose 1404:1448 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 4 40 from binding 962:968 arg1 Sepharose 1027:1035 glutathione-conjugated Sepharose 1004:1035 glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione 1004:1059 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 3 41 theme Glutathione 601:611 arg1 GST 628:630 GST 628:630 GST 628:630 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 41 theme Glutathione 601:611 arg1 S-transferase 613:625 Glutathione S-transferase 601:625 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs 601:677 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 42 gly glycoproteins 885:897 arg1 glycoproteins 885:897 immunopurified glycoproteins 870:897 immunopurified glycoproteins 870:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 1 43 theme small 192:196 arg1 proteins 198:205 these small proteins 186:205 these small proteins 186:205 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 1 44 theme structural 280:289 arg1 domains 291:297 structural domains 280:297 structural domains 280:297 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 3 45 theme recombinant 733:743 arg1 galectins 745:753 recombinant galectins 733:753 recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 733:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 1 46 theme proteins 198:205 arg1 classification 168:181 classification 168:181 classification of these small proteins within the galectin family 168:232 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 0 47 theme galectins 41:49 arg1 expression 9:18 expression 9:18 expression 9:18 Cloning, expression, and purification of galectins for in vitro studies. 25253131 0 47 theme galectins 41:49 arg1 purification 25:36 purification 25:36 purification 25:36 Cloning, expression, and purification of galectins for in vitro studies. 25253131 0 47 theme galectins 41:49 arg1 Cloning 0:6 Cloning 0:6 Cloning 0:6 Cloning, expression, and purification of galectins for in vitro studies. 25253131 4 48 from elution 974:980 arg1 Sepharose 1027:1035 glutathione-conjugated Sepharose 1004:1035 glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione 1004:1059 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 2 49 from sources 592:598 arg1 galectins 572:580 galectins 572:580 galectins from many sources 572:598 As galectins are expressed by organisms as diverse as some fungi, C. elegans, fish, birds, and mammals, and biological activities attributed to galectins are equally diverse, it becomes essential to identify, clone, and characterize galectins from many sources. 25253131 6 50 theme glutathione- 1404:1415 arg1 Sepharose 1440:1448 glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose 1404:1448 glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose 1404:1448 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 3 51 from galectins 745:753 arg1 assays 858:863 pull-down assays 848:863 pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 848:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 51 from galectins 745:753 arg1 experiments 796:806 experiments 796:806 experiments with cultured or isolated cells 796:838 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 51 from galectins 745:753 arg1 bacteria 758:765 bacteria 758:765 bacteria for use on glycan arrays 758:790 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 4 52 theme excess 1042:1047 arg1 glutathione 1049:1059 excess glutathione 1042:1059 excess glutathione 1042:1059 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 1 53 theme exon/intron 303:313 arg1 junctions 315:323 exon/intron junctions 303:323 exon/intron junctions 303:323 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 7 54 gly glycoprotein 1878:1889 arg1 glycoprotein 1878:1889 the glycoprotein MUC1 1874:1894 the glycoprotein MUC1 1874:1894 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 3 55 from assays 858:863 arg1 preparation 718:728 preparation 718:728 preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 718:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 3 56 theme isolated 825:832 arg1 cells 834:838 isolated cells 825:838 isolated cells 825:838 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 7 57 from MUC1 1891:1894 arg1 signal 1862:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal 1824:1867 the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1 1824:1894 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 3 58 from bacteria 758:765 arg1 preparation 718:728 preparation 718:728 preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 718:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 25253131 4 59 theme GST-galectins 985:997 arg1 elution 974:980 elution 974:980 elution 974:980 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 4 59 theme GST-galectins 985:997 arg1 binding 962:968 binding 962:968 binding 962:968 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 7 60 theme glycoprotein 1878:1889 arg1 MUC1 1891:1894 the glycoprotein MUC1 1874:1894 the glycoprotein MUC1 1874:1894 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 61 theme canine 1700:1705 arg1 galectins 1707:1715 all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1681:1715 all the GST-tagged canine galectins 1681:1715 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 5 62 theme glycoconjugate 1268:1281 arg1 binding 1283:1289 glycoconjugate binding 1268:1289 glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation 1268:1314 The ability to bind and elute GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose provides a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation. 25253131 5 63 theme easy 1214:1217 arg1 means 1219:1223 a relatively easy means 1201:1223 a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation 1201:1314 The ability to bind and elute GST-galectins from lactose-conjugated Sepharose with excess lactose provides a relatively easy means to insure that galectins are competent for glycoconjugate binding prior to experimentation. 25253131 0 64 theme in 55:56 arg1 studies 64:70 in vitro studies 55:70 in vitro studies 55:70 Cloning, expression, and purification of galectins for in vitro studies. 25253131 7 65 theme carbohydrate 1745:1756 arg1 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1780:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 65 theme carbohydrate 1745:1756 arg1 domain 1770:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain 1730:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1730:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 4 66 from Sepharose 1027:1035 arg1 GST-galectins 985:997 GST-galectins 985:997 GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione 985:1059 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 4 66 from Sepharose 1027:1035 arg1 elution 974:980 elution 974:980 elution 974:980 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 4 66 from Sepharose 1027:1035 arg1 binding 962:968 binding 962:968 binding 962:968 Many galectins are stabilized by reducing reagents, such that binding and elution of GST-galectins from glutathione-conjugated Sepharose with excess glutathione is both efficient and innocuous. 25253131 6 67 theme effective 1499:1507 arg1 protocols 1522:1530 effective experimental protocols 1499:1530 effective experimental protocols 1499:1530 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 1 68 theme galectin 218:225 arg1 family 227:232 the galectin family 214:232 the galectin family 214:232 Galectins are best known for their ability to bind glycoconjugates containing β-galactose, but classification of these small proteins within the galectin family is also defined by amino acid homology within structural domains and exon/intron junctions within genes. 25253131 6 69 theme GST-galectin 1380:1391 arg1 binding 1393:1399 GST-galectin binding 1380:1399 GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose 1380:1448 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 6 70 theme galectins 1595:1603 arg1 specificity 1552:1562 specificity 1552:1562 specificity 1552:1562 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 6 70 theme galectins 1595:1603 arg1 interactions 1565:1576 interactions 1565:1576 interactions 1565:1576 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 6 70 theme galectins 1595:1603 arg1 function 1583:1590 function 1583:1590 function 1583:1590 This chapter focuses primarily on the varied approaches to use GST-galectin binding to glutathione- and lactose-conjugated Sepharose to purify recombinant galectins and then develop effective experimental protocols to characterize the specificity, interactions, and function of galectins cloned from any source. 25253131 7 71 theme recognition 1758:1768 arg1 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 1780:1789 galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1780:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 7 71 theme recognition 1758:1768 arg1 domain 1770:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain 1730:1775 the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) 1730:1798 We provide one example where a pull-down assay with all the GST-tagged canine galectins reveals that the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-9 (Gal-9C) specifically recognizes the glycan-dependent apical targeting signal from the glycoprotein MUC1. 25253131 3 72 theme galectins 745:753 arg1 preparation 718:728 preparation 718:728 preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins 718:897 Glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to the amino-terminus of galectin cDNAs has proven to be especially useful for preparation of recombinant galectins in bacteria for use on glycan arrays, in experiments with cultured or isolated cells, and in pull-down assays with immunopurified glycoproteins. 24269685 0 0 theme KIAA1199 99:106 arg1 hyaluronan-depolymerization 68:94 hyaluronan-depolymerization 68:94 hyaluronan-depolymerization 68:94 N-Terminal signal sequence is required for cellular trafficking and hyaluronan-depolymerization of KIAA1199. 24269685 0 0 theme KIAA1199 99:106 arg1 trafficking 52:62 trafficking 52:62 trafficking 52:62 N-Terminal signal sequence is required for cellular trafficking and hyaluronan-depolymerization of KIAA1199. 24269685 2 1 theme matured 504:510 arg1 KIAA1199 512:519 functionally matured KIAA1199 491:519 functionally matured KIAA1199 491:519 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 2 theme functional 369:378 arg1 modification 380:391 functional modification 369:391 functional modification 369:391 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 3 3 theme KIAA1199 721:728 arg1 sequence 762:769 a cleavable signal sequence 743:769 a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 743:854 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 3 theme KIAA1199 721:728 arg1 portion 710:716 the N-terminal portion 695:716 the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 695:728 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 4 theme molecule 617:624 arg1 loss 630:633 loss 630:633 loss of cellular HA depolymerization 630:665 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 4 theme molecule 617:624 arg1 trafficking 598:608 altered intracellular trafficking 576:608 altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule 576:624 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 5 theme signal 755:760 arg1 portion 710:716 the N-terminal portion 695:716 the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 695:728 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 5 theme signal 755:760 arg1 sequence 762:769 a cleavable signal sequence 743:769 a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 743:854 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 6 theme KIAA1199 396:403 arg1 targeting 355:363 cellular targeting 346:363 cellular targeting 346:363 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 6 theme KIAA1199 396:403 arg1 modification 380:391 functional modification 369:391 functional modification 369:391 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 2 7 theme depolymerization 650:665 arg1 loss 630:633 loss 630:633 loss of cellular HA depolymerization 630:665 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 7 theme depolymerization 650:665 arg1 trafficking 598:608 altered intracellular trafficking 576:608 altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule 576:624 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 8 theme acids 475:479 arg1 cleavage 443:450 the cleavage 439:450 the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids 439:479 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 9 theme HA 647:648 arg1 depolymerization 650:665 cellular HA depolymerization 638:665 cellular HA depolymerization 638:665 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 0 10 theme signal 11:16 arg1 sequence 18:25 N-Terminal signal sequence 0:25 N-Terminal signal sequence 0:25 N-Terminal signal sequence is required for cellular trafficking and hyaluronan-depolymerization of KIAA1199. 24269685 3 11 theme cleavable 745:753 arg1 portion 710:716 the N-terminal portion 695:716 the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 695:728 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 11 theme cleavable 745:753 arg1 sequence 762:769 a cleavable signal sequence 743:769 a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 743:854 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 12 theme cellular 638:645 arg1 depolymerization 650:665 cellular HA depolymerization 638:665 cellular HA depolymerization 638:665 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 13 theme acidic 200:205 arg1 microenvironment 216:231 an acidic cellular microenvironment 197:231 an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes) 197:282 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 0 14 theme N-Terminal 0:9 arg1 sequence 18:25 N-Terminal signal sequence 0:25 N-Terminal signal sequence 0:25 N-Terminal signal sequence is required for cellular trafficking and hyaluronan-depolymerization of KIAA1199. 24269685 3 15 theme proper 784:789 arg1 translocation 800:812 proper KIAA1199 translocation 784:812 proper KIAA1199 translocation 784:812 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 16 theme cellular 207:214 arg1 microenvironment 216:231 an acidic cellular microenvironment 197:231 an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes) 197:282 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 2 17 theme N-terminal 455:464 arg1 acids 475:479 N-terminal 30 amino acids 455:479 N-terminal 30 amino acids 455:479 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 18 theme KIAA1199 791:798 arg1 translocation 800:812 proper KIAA1199 translocation 784:812 proper KIAA1199 translocation 784:812 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 19 dep targeting 355:363 arg1 the 342:344 the 342:344 the 342:344 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 20 theme structural 314:323 arg1 basis 325:329 the structural basis 310:329 the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 310:403 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 2 21 theme portion 557:563 arg1 deletion 530:537 the deletion 526:537 the deletion of the N-terminal portion 526:563 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 22 theme KIAA1199-mediated 818:834 arg1 depolymerization 839:854 KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 818:854 KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 818:854 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 2 23 theme N-terminal 546:555 arg1 portion 557:563 the N-terminal portion 542:563 the N-terminal portion 542:563 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 24 dep vesicles 255:262 arg1 e.g. 234:237 e.g. 234:237 e.g. 234:237 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 25 theme clathrin-coated 239:253 arg1 vesicles 255:262 clathrin-coated vesicles 239:262 clathrin-coated vesicles 239:262 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 3 26 theme HA 836:837 arg1 depolymerization 839:854 KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 818:854 KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 818:854 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 0 27 theme cellular 43:50 arg1 trafficking 52:62 trafficking 52:62 trafficking 52:62 N-Terminal signal sequence is required for cellular trafficking and hyaluronan-depolymerization of KIAA1199. 24269685 3 28 theme N-terminal 699:708 arg1 sequence 762:769 a cleavable signal sequence 743:769 a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization 743:854 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 3 28 theme N-terminal 699:708 arg1 portion 710:716 the N-terminal portion 695:716 the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 695:728 These results suggest that the N-terminal portion of KIAA1199 functions as a cleavable signal sequence required for proper KIAA1199 translocation and KIAA1199-mediated HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 29 theme cellular 346:353 arg1 targeting 355:363 cellular targeting 346:363 cellular targeting 346:363 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 2 30 theme intracellular 584:596 arg1 trafficking 598:608 altered intracellular trafficking 576:608 altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule 576:624 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 31 theme KIAA1199-mediated 137:153 arg1 HA 167:168 HA 167:168 HA 167:168 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 31 theme KIAA1199-mediated 137:153 arg1 hyaluronan 155:164 KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan 137:164 KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization 137:186 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 2 32 theme altered 576:582 arg1 trafficking 598:608 altered intracellular trafficking 576:608 altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule 576:624 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 24269685 1 33 theme hyaluronan 155:164 arg1 depolymerization 171:186 KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization 137:186 KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization 137:186 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 34 dep microenvironment 216:231 arg1 vesicles 255:262 clathrin-coated vesicles 239:262 clathrin-coated vesicles 239:262 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 34 dep microenvironment 216:231 arg1 endosomes 273:281 early endosomes 267:281 early endosomes 267:281 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 1 35 theme early 267:271 arg1 endosomes 273:281 early endosomes 267:281 early endosomes 267:281 Recently, we disclosed that KIAA1199-mediated hyaluronan (HA) depolymerization requires an acidic cellular microenvironment (e.g. clathrin-coated vesicles or early endosomes), but no information about the structural basis underlying the cellular targeting and functional modification of KIAA1199 was available. 24269685 2 36 theme amino 469:473 arg1 acids 475:479 N-terminal 30 amino acids 455:479 N-terminal 30 amino acids 455:479 Here, we show that the cleavage of N-terminal 30 amino acids occurs in functionally matured KIAA1199, and the deletion of the N-terminal portion results in altered intracellular trafficking of the molecule and loss of cellular HA depolymerization. 26671648 6 0 theme cross-links 1113:1123 arg1 level 1020:1024 the level 1016:1024 the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 1016:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 7 1 theme 2D-NMR 1230:1235 arg1 experiments 1237:1247 2D-NMR experiments 1230:1247 2D-NMR experiments 1230:1247 The attachment of p-coumaric acid to lignin was demonstrated by 2D-NMR experiments. 26671648 2 2 theme consequences 385:396 arg1 modifications 348:360 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 1 3 theme physiological 260:272 arg1 effects 274:280 the physiological effects 256:280 the physiological effects of dietary fiber components 256:308 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 6 4 link ester-linked 1029:1040 arg1 monomers 1051:1058 ester-linked phenolic monomers 1029:1058 ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) 1029:1099 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 6 5 theme di- 1126:1128 arg1 acids 1145:1149 di- and triferulic acids 1126:1149 di- and triferulic acids 1126:1149 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 6 5 theme di- 1126:1128 arg1 cross-links 1113:1123 polymer cross-links 1105:1123 polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 1105:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 6 6 theme ester-linked 1029:1040 arg1 monomers 1051:1058 ester-linked phenolic monomers 1029:1058 ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) 1029:1099 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 6 7 theme monomers 1051:1058 arg1 level 1020:1024 the level 1016:1024 the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 1016:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 0 8 theme officinalis 105:115 arg1 L. 117:118 Asparagus officinalis L. 95:118 Asparagus officinalis L. 95:118 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 1 9 from Changes 175:181 arg1 composition 196:206 cell wall composition 186:206 cell wall composition 186:206 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 4 10 theme nuclear 816:822 arg1 2D-NMR 844:849 2D-NMR 844:849 2D-NMR 844:849 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 4 10 theme nuclear 816:822 arg1 resonance 833:841 nuclear magnetic resonance 816:841 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 4 11 theme monolignol 709:718 arg1 ratios 720:725 monolignol ratios 709:725 monolignol ratios 709:725 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 6 12 theme phenolic 1042:1049 arg1 monomers 1051:1058 ester-linked phenolic monomers 1029:1058 ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) 1029:1099 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 0 13 theme Asparagus 95:103 arg1 L. 117:118 Asparagus officinalis L. 95:118 Asparagus officinalis L. 95:118 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 4 14 theme two-dimensional 800:814 arg1 methods 852:858 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 7 15 attach attachment 1170:1179 arg1 lignin 1203:1208 lignin 1203:1208 lignin 1203:1208 The attachment of p-coumaric acid to lignin was demonstrated by 2D-NMR experiments. 26671648 7 15 attach attachment 1170:1179 arg2 acid 1195:1198 p-coumaric acid 1184:1198 p-coumaric acid 1184:1198 The attachment of p-coumaric acid to lignin was demonstrated by 2D-NMR experiments. 26671648 3 16 theme polysaccharide 573:586 arg1 profile 588:594 the polysaccharide profile 569:594 the polysaccharide profile 569:594 Structural analyses demonstrated postharvest changes in the polysaccharide profile, dominated by decreased portions of galactans. 26671648 1 17 theme dietary 285:291 arg1 components 299:308 dietary fiber components 285:308 dietary fiber components 285:308 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 5 18 theme lignin 965:970 arg1 polymer 972:978 the lignin polymer 961:978 the lignin polymer 961:978 Depending on the storage time and temperature, syringyl units were preferentially incorporated into the lignin polymer. 26671648 8 19 theme physiological 1305:1317 arg1 effects 1319:1325 physiological effects 1305:1325 physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber 1305:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 2 20 from asparagus 365:373 arg1 terms 401:405 terms 401:405 terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 401:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 4 21 theme resonance 833:841 arg1 methods 852:858 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 2 22 theme insoluble 410:418 arg1 fiber 428:432 insoluble dietary fiber 410:432 insoluble dietary fiber structures 410:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 23 theme fiber 428:432 arg1 structures 434:443 insoluble dietary fiber structures 410:443 insoluble dietary fiber structures 410:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 0 24 theme L. 117:118 arg1 Storage 84:90 Postharvest Storage 72:90 Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L. 72:118 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 6 25 dep acid 1078:1081 arg1 i.e. 1061:1064 i.e. 1061:1064 i.e. 1061:1064 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 8 26 theme Potential 1250:1258 arg1 consequences 1260:1271 Potential consequences 1250:1271 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber 1250:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 2 27 from consequences 385:396 arg1 terms 401:405 terms 401:405 terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 401:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 4 28 theme magnetic 824:831 arg1 2D-NMR 844:849 2D-NMR 844:849 2D-NMR 844:849 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 4 28 theme magnetic 824:831 arg1 resonance 833:841 nuclear magnetic resonance 816:841 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 4 29 theme Increasing 643:652 arg1 contents 661:668 Increasing lignin contents 643:668 Increasing lignin contents 643:668 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 1 30 theme cell 186:189 arg1 composition 196:206 cell wall composition 186:206 cell wall composition 186:206 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 8 31 from consequences 1260:1271 arg1 effects 1319:1325 physiological effects 1305:1325 physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber 1305:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 2 32 theme wall 343:346 arg1 modifications 348:360 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 6 33 theme polymer 1105:1111 arg1 acids 1145:1149 di- and triferulic acids 1126:1149 di- and triferulic acids 1126:1149 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 6 33 theme polymer 1105:1111 arg1 cross-links 1113:1123 polymer cross-links 1105:1123 polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 1105:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 1 34 theme wall 191:194 arg1 composition 196:206 cell wall composition 186:206 cell wall composition 186:206 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 1 35 theme fiber 293:297 arg1 components 299:308 dietary fiber components 285:308 dietary fiber components 285:308 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 4 36 theme polymer 760:766 arg1 changes 700:706 compositional changes 686:706 compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer 686:766 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 2 37 from terms 401:405 arg1 modifications 348:360 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 38 theme cell 338:341 arg1 modifications 348:360 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 0 39 theme Wall 25:28 arg1 Components 30:39 Cell Wall Components 20:39 Cell Wall Components 20:39 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 1 40 theme components 299:308 arg1 effects 274:280 the physiological effects 256:280 the physiological effects of dietary fiber components 256:308 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 2 41 theme postharvest 326:336 arg1 modifications 348:360 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 4 42 dep changes 700:706 arg1 ratios 720:725 monolignol ratios 709:725 monolignol ratios 709:725 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 4 42 dep changes 700:706 arg1 types 739:743 linkage types 731:743 linkage types 731:743 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 5 43 theme storage 878:884 arg1 time 886:889 the storage time 874:889 the storage time 874:889 Depending on the storage time and temperature, syringyl units were preferentially incorporated into the lignin polymer. 26671648 0 44 theme Cell 20:23 arg1 Components 30:39 Cell Wall Components 20:39 Cell Wall Components 20:39 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 0 45 theme Storage-Related 121:135 arg1 Changes 137:143 Storage-Related Changes 121:143 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 0:173 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 4 46 theme chemical 787:794 arg1 methods 852:858 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods 787:858 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 5 47 theme syringyl 908:915 arg1 units 917:921 syringyl units 908:921 syringyl units 908:921 Depending on the storage time and temperature, syringyl units were preferentially incorporated into the lignin polymer. 26671648 2 48 theme different 486:494 arg1 periods 496:502 different periods 486:502 different periods of time 486:510 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 8 49 theme fiber 1348:1352 arg1 effects 1319:1325 physiological effects 1305:1325 physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber 1305:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 0 50 theme Dietary 148:154 arg1 Composition 162:172 Dietary Fiber Composition 148:172 Dietary Fiber Composition 148:172 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 8 51 theme dietary 1340:1346 arg1 fiber 1348:1352 asparagus dietary fiber 1330:1352 asparagus dietary fiber 1330:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 4 52 theme compositional 686:698 arg1 changes 700:706 compositional changes 686:706 compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer 686:766 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 6 53 theme ferulic 1087:1093 arg1 acid 1095:1098 ferulic acid 1087:1098 ferulic acid 1087:1098 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 0 54 theme Components 30:39 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 0:173 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 7 55 theme p-coumaric 1184:1193 arg1 acid 1195:1198 p-coumaric acid 1184:1198 p-coumaric acid 1184:1198 The attachment of p-coumaric acid to lignin was demonstrated by 2D-NMR experiments. 26671648 3 56 theme galactans 632:640 arg1 portions 620:627 decreased portions 610:627 decreased portions of galactans 610:640 Structural analyses demonstrated postharvest changes in the polysaccharide profile, dominated by decreased portions of galactans. 26671648 1 57 theme plant 226:230 arg1 foods 232:236 plant foods 226:236 plant foods 226:236 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 0 58 theme Modifications 51:63 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 0:173 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 3 59 theme Structural 513:522 arg1 analyses 524:531 Structural analyses 513:531 Structural analyses 513:531 Structural analyses demonstrated postharvest changes in the polysaccharide profile, dominated by decreased portions of galactans. 26671648 3 60 theme decreased 610:618 arg1 portions 620:627 decreased portions 610:627 decreased portions of galactans 610:640 Structural analyses demonstrated postharvest changes in the polysaccharide profile, dominated by decreased portions of galactans. 26671648 6 61 theme triferulic 1134:1143 arg1 acids 1145:1149 di- and triferulic acids 1126:1149 di- and triferulic acids 1126:1149 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 6 61 theme triferulic 1134:1143 arg1 cross-links 1113:1123 polymer cross-links 1105:1123 polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 1105:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 4 62 theme lignin 753:758 arg1 polymer 760:766 the lignin polymer 749:766 the lignin polymer 749:766 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 0 63 theme Fiber 156:160 arg1 Composition 162:172 Dietary Fiber Composition 148:172 Dietary Fiber Composition 148:172 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 2 64 theme asparagus 365:373 arg1 modifications 348:360 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 65 mod modifications 348:360 arg1 asparagus 365:373 asparagus 365:373 asparagus 365:373 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 65 mod modifications 348:360 arg3 wall 343:346 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 65 mod modifications 348:360 arg1 consequences 385:396 their consequences 379:396 their consequences 379:396 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 65 mod modifications 348:360 arg3 cell 338:341 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 2 65 mod modifications 348:360 arg3 postharvest 326:336 postharvest cell wall modifications 326:360 postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 326:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 7 66 theme acid 1195:1198 arg1 attachment 1170:1179 The attachment 1166:1179 The attachment of p-coumaric acid to lignin 1166:1208 The attachment of p-coumaric acid to lignin was demonstrated by 2D-NMR experiments. 26671648 6 67 from increase 1004:1011 arg1 level 1020:1024 the level 1016:1024 the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 1016:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 2 68 from modifications 348:360 arg1 terms 401:405 terms 401:405 terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 401:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 1 69 theme foods 232:236 arg1 storage 215:221 storage 215:221 storage of plant foods 215:236 Changes in cell wall composition during storage of plant foods potentially alter the physiological effects of dietary fiber components. 26671648 6 70 theme drastic 996:1002 arg1 increase 1004:1011 a drastic increase 994:1011 a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) 994:1150 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 8 71 theme modifications 1288:1300 arg1 consequences 1260:1271 Potential consequences 1250:1271 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber 1250:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 4 72 theme linkage 731:737 arg1 types 739:743 linkage types 731:743 linkage types 731:743 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26671648 6 73 theme p-coumaric 1067:1076 arg1 acid 1078:1081 p-coumaric acid 1067:1081 p-coumaric acid 1067:1081 Furthermore, a drastic increase in the level of ester-linked phenolic monomers (i.e., p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and polymer cross-links (di- and triferulic acids) was detected. 26671648 0 74 theme Postharvest 72:82 arg1 Storage 84:90 Postharvest Storage 72:90 Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L. 72:118 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 2 75 theme structures 434:443 arg1 terms 401:405 terms 401:405 terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures 401:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 8 76 theme asparagus 1330:1338 arg1 fiber 1348:1352 asparagus dietary fiber 1330:1352 asparagus dietary fiber 1330:1352 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 2 77 theme dietary 420:426 arg1 fiber 428:432 insoluble dietary fiber 410:432 insoluble dietary fiber structures 410:443 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 0 78 from Changes 137:143 arg1 Composition 162:172 Dietary Fiber Composition 148:172 Dietary Fiber Composition 148:172 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 2 79 theme time 507:510 arg1 periods 496:502 different periods 486:502 different periods of time 486:510 To investigate postharvest cell wall modifications of asparagus and their consequences in terms of insoluble dietary fiber structures, asparagus was stored at 20 and 1 °C for different periods of time. 26671648 8 80 theme postharvest 1276:1286 arg1 modifications 1288:1300 postharvest modifications 1276:1300 postharvest modifications 1276:1300 Potential consequences of postharvest modifications on physiological effects of asparagus dietary fiber are discussed. 26671648 0 81 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 Changes 137:143 Storage-Related Changes 121:143 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 0:173 Characterization of Cell Wall Components and Their Modifications during Postharvest Storage of Asparagus officinalis L.: Storage-Related Changes in Dietary Fiber Composition. 26671648 3 82 theme postharvest 546:556 arg1 changes 558:564 postharvest changes 546:564 postharvest changes 546:564 Structural analyses demonstrated postharvest changes in the polysaccharide profile, dominated by decreased portions of galactans. 26671648 3 83 from changes 558:564 arg1 profile 588:594 the polysaccharide profile 569:594 the polysaccharide profile 569:594 Structural analyses demonstrated postharvest changes in the polysaccharide profile, dominated by decreased portions of galactans. 26671648 4 84 theme lignin 654:659 arg1 contents 661:668 Increasing lignin contents 643:668 Increasing lignin contents 643:668 Increasing lignin contents correlated with compositional changes (monolignol ratios and linkage types) of the lignin polymer as demonstrated by chemical and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) methods. 26037704 1 0 theme natural 179:185 arg1 polysaccharides 187:201 natural polysaccharides 179:201 natural polysaccharides 179:201 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 1 1 theme polyvinyl 294:302 arg1 alcohol 304:310 polyvinyl alcohol 294:310 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 1 1 theme polyvinyl 294:302 arg1 PVA 313:315 PVA 313:315 PVA 313:315 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 0 2 theme composite 100:108 arg1 hydrogels 110:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 5 3 with hybrids 935:941 arg1 CS 969:970 CS 969:970 CS 969:970 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 5 3 with hybrids 935:941 arg1 HA 963:964 HA 963:964 HA 963:964 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 5 4 theme Fe2O3/nHAP 924:933 arg1 hybrids 935:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 1 5 theme polysaccharides 187:201 arg1 effects 168:174 the synergistic effects 152:174 the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 152:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 1 6 theme alcohol 304:310 arg1 hydrogels 318:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 5 7 contain containing 897:906 arg2 Fe2O3/nHAP 947:956 Fe2O3/nHAP 947:956 Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS 947:970 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 5 7 contain containing 897:906 arg2 hybrids 935:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 5 7 contain containing 897:906 arg1 hydrogels 887:895 composite PVA hydrogels 873:895 composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS 873:970 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 8 8 theme magnetic 1360:1367 arg1 nanoparticles 1379:1391 the magnetic composite nanoparticles 1356:1391 the magnetic composite nanoparticles 1356:1391 The results demonstrated that the magnetic composite nanoparticles and polysaccharides provided synergistic promotion to cell adhesion and growth. 26037704 6 9 theme composite 1158:1166 arg1 hydrogels 1168:1176 composite hydrogels 1158:1176 composite hydrogels 1158:1176 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 3 10 theme important 551:559 arg1 components 561:570 two important components 547:570 two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) 547:610 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 10 theme important 551:559 arg1 acid 507:510 hyaluronic acid 496:510 hyaluronic acid (HA) 496:515 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 1 11 from effects 168:174 arg1 adhesion 239:246 cell adhesion 234:246 cell adhesion 234:246 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 1 11 from effects 168:174 arg1 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 growth 252:257 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 3 12 theme chondroitin 521:531 arg1 sulfate 533:539 chondroitin sulfate 521:539 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 521:544 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 12 theme chondroitin 521:531 arg1 CS 542:543 CS 542:543 CS 542:543 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 4 13 theme equilibrium 736:746 arg1 ESR 764:766 ESR 764:766 ESR 764:766 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 4 13 theme equilibrium 736:746 arg1 ratio 757:761 the equilibrium swelling ratio 732:761 the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) 732:767 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 0 14 from proliferation 57:69 arg1 hydrogels 110:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 4 15 theme compressive 797:807 arg1 strength 809:816 excellent compressive strength 787:816 excellent compressive strength of hydrogels 787:829 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 5 16 theme Fe2O3 908:912 arg1 hybrids 935:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 4 17 theme natural 666:672 arg1 polyelectrolytes 674:689 these natural polyelectrolytes 660:689 these natural polyelectrolytes 660:689 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 9 18 theme Such 1473:1476 arg1 hydrogels 1513:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels may have potentials in biomedical applications. 26037704 6 19 theme cell 1019:1022 arg1 counting 1024:1031 cell counting kit-8 1019:1037 cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) 1019:1045 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 6 19 theme cell 1019:1022 arg1 CCK-8 1040:1044 CCK-8 1040:1044 CCK-8 1040:1044 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 4 20 theme excellent 787:795 arg1 strength 809:816 excellent compressive strength 787:816 excellent compressive strength of hydrogels 787:829 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 6 21 theme HA 1097:1098 arg1 addition 1085:1092 the addition 1081:1092 the addition of HA or CS 1081:1104 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 1 22 theme inorganic 207:215 arg1 nanoparticles 217:229 inorganic nanoparticles 207:229 inorganic nanoparticles 207:229 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 0 23 from adhesion 44:51 arg1 hydrogels 110:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 7 24 theme CS 1219:1220 arg1 combination 1197:1207 the combination 1193:1207 the combination of HA and CS 1193:1220 Particularly, the combination of HA and CS exhibited further promotion to cell adhesion and proliferation compared with any single polysaccharide. 26037704 3 25 theme cartilage 575:583 arg1 ECM 607:609 ECM 607:609 ECM 607:609 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 25 theme cartilage 575:583 arg1 matrix 599:604 cartilage extracellular matrix 575:604 cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) 575:610 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 1 26 theme nanoparticles 217:229 arg1 effects 168:174 the synergistic effects 152:174 the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 152:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 0 27 theme Natural 0:6 arg1 polysaccharides 8:22 Natural polysaccharides 0:22 Natural polysaccharides 0:22 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 5 28 with Fe2O3/nHAP 947:956 arg1 CS 969:970 CS 969:970 CS 969:970 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 5 28 with Fe2O3/nHAP 947:956 arg1 HA 963:964 HA 963:964 HA 963:964 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 3 29 theme extracellular 585:597 arg1 ECM 607:609 ECM 607:609 ECM 607:609 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 29 theme extracellular 585:597 arg1 matrix 599:604 cartilage extracellular matrix 575:604 cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) 575:610 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 4 30 theme polyelectrolytes 674:689 arg1 presence 648:655 The presence 644:655 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes 644:689 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 0 31 theme chondrocyte 32:42 arg1 adhesion 44:51 chondrocyte adhesion 32:51 chondrocyte adhesion 32:51 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 8 32 theme cell 1447:1450 arg1 adhesion 1452:1459 cell adhesion 1447:1459 cell adhesion 1447:1459 The results demonstrated that the magnetic composite nanoparticles and polysaccharides provided synergistic promotion to cell adhesion and growth. 26037704 8 33 theme synergistic 1422:1432 arg1 promotion 1434:1442 synergistic promotion 1422:1442 synergistic promotion to cell adhesion and growth 1422:1470 The results demonstrated that the magnetic composite nanoparticles and polysaccharides provided synergistic promotion to cell adhesion and growth. 26037704 2 34 theme PVA 462:464 arg1 hydrogels 466:474 PVA hydrogels 462:474 PVA hydrogels 462:474 Previously, we have demonstrated that Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles are effective in increasing osteoblast growth on PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 35 theme hyaluronic 496:505 arg1 HA 513:514 HA 513:514 HA 513:514 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 35 theme hyaluronic 496:505 arg1 components 561:570 two important components 547:570 two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) 547:610 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 35 theme hyaluronic 496:505 arg1 acid 507:510 hyaluronic acid 496:510 hyaluronic acid (HA) 496:515 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 6 36 theme scanning 988:995 arg1 CLSM 1009:1012 CLSM 1009:1012 CLSM 1009:1012 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 6 36 theme scanning 988:995 arg1 microscopy 997:1006 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 973:1006 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 973:1013 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 4 37 theme pore 718:721 arg1 size 723:726 the pore size 714:726 the pore size 714:726 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 7 38 theme cell 1253:1256 arg1 adhesion 1258:1265 cell adhesion 1253:1265 cell adhesion 1253:1265 Particularly, the combination of HA and CS exhibited further promotion to cell adhesion and proliferation compared with any single polysaccharide. 26037704 7 39 theme single 1303:1308 arg1 polysaccharide 1310:1323 any single polysaccharide 1299:1323 any single polysaccharide 1299:1323 Particularly, the combination of HA and CS exhibited further promotion to cell adhesion and proliferation compared with any single polysaccharide. 26037704 6 40 theme laser 982:986 arg1 CLSM 1009:1012 CLSM 1009:1012 CLSM 1009:1012 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 6 40 theme laser 982:986 arg1 microscopy 997:1006 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 973:1006 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 973:1013 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 5 41 theme composite 873:881 arg1 hydrogels 887:895 composite PVA hydrogels 873:895 composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS 873:970 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 9 42 theme polysaccharide-augmented 1478:1501 arg1 hydrogels 1513:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels may have potentials in biomedical applications. 26037704 6 43 theme Confocal 973:980 arg1 CLSM 1009:1012 CLSM 1009:1012 CLSM 1009:1012 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 6 43 theme Confocal 973:980 arg1 microscopy 997:1006 Confocal laser scanning microscopy 973:1006 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) 973:1013 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 9 44 theme biomedical 1546:1555 arg1 applications 1557:1568 biomedical applications 1546:1568 biomedical applications 1546:1568 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels may have potentials in biomedical applications. 26037704 2 45 theme osteoblast 441:450 arg1 growth 452:457 osteoblast growth 441:457 osteoblast growth 441:457 Previously, we have demonstrated that Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles are effective in increasing osteoblast growth on PVA hydrogels. 26037704 9 46 contain have 1527:1530 arg1 hydrogels 1513:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels may have potentials in biomedical applications. 26037704 9 46 contain have 1527:1530 arg2 potentials 1532:1541 potentials 1532:1541 potentials 1532:1541 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels may have potentials in biomedical applications. 26037704 7 47 theme further 1232:1238 arg1 promotion 1240:1248 further promotion 1232:1248 further promotion to cell adhesion and proliferation 1232:1283 Particularly, the combination of HA and CS exhibited further promotion to cell adhesion and proliferation compared with any single polysaccharide. 26037704 3 48 theme matrix 599:604 arg1 components 561:570 two important components 547:570 two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) 547:610 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 3 48 theme matrix 599:604 arg1 acid 507:510 hyaluronic acid 496:510 hyaluronic acid (HA) 496:515 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 1 49 from growth 252:257 arg1 hydrogels 318:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 2 50 theme hydroxyapatite 377:390 arg1 nanoparticles 399:411 Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles 367:411 Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles 367:411 Previously, we have demonstrated that Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles are effective in increasing osteoblast growth on PVA hydrogels. 26037704 6 51 dep microscopy 997:1006 arg1 assay 1047:1051 assay 1047:1051 assay 1047:1051 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 7 52 theme HA 1212:1213 arg1 combination 1197:1207 the combination 1193:1207 the combination of HA and CS 1193:1220 Particularly, the combination of HA and CS exhibited further promotion to cell adhesion and proliferation compared with any single polysaccharide. 26037704 3 53 theme Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA 618:631 arg1 hydrogels 633:641 Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels 618:641 Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels 618:641 Herein, we blended hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), two important components of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), with Fe2O3/nHAP/PVA hydrogels. 26037704 1 54 from adhesion 239:246 arg1 hydrogels 318:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 2 55 theme Fe2O3 367:371 arg1 nanoparticles 399:411 Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles 367:411 Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles 367:411 Previously, we have demonstrated that Fe2O3 and hydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanoparticles are effective in increasing osteoblast growth on PVA hydrogels. 26037704 6 56 theme chondrocyte 1115:1125 arg1 adhesion 1127:1134 chondrocyte adhesion 1115:1134 chondrocyte adhesion 1115:1134 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 8 57 theme composite 1369:1377 arg1 nanoparticles 1379:1391 the magnetic composite nanoparticles 1356:1391 the magnetic composite nanoparticles 1356:1391 The results demonstrated that the magnetic composite nanoparticles and polysaccharides provided synergistic promotion to cell adhesion and growth. 26037704 1 58 theme synergistic 156:166 arg1 effects 168:174 the synergistic effects 152:174 the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 152:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 4 59 theme swelling 748:755 arg1 ESR 764:766 ESR 764:766 ESR 764:766 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 4 59 theme swelling 748:755 arg1 ratio 757:761 the equilibrium swelling ratio 732:761 the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) 732:767 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 0 60 theme nanoparticle/PVA 83:98 arg1 hydrogels 110:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 5 61 theme PVA 883:885 arg1 hydrogels 887:895 composite PVA hydrogels 873:895 composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS 873:970 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 1 62 theme cell 234:237 arg1 adhesion 239:246 cell adhesion 234:246 cell adhesion 234:246 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 26037704 5 63 theme nHAP 915:918 arg1 hybrids 935:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids 908:941 Chondrocytes were seeded and cultured on composite PVA hydrogels containing Fe2O3, nHAP and Fe2O3/nHAP hybrids and Fe2O3/nHAP with HA or CS. 26037704 9 64 theme composite 1503:1511 arg1 hydrogels 1513:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels 1473:1521 Such polysaccharide-augmented composite hydrogels may have potentials in biomedical applications. 26037704 0 65 theme magnetic 74:81 arg1 hydrogels 110:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels 74:118 Natural polysaccharides promote chondrocyte adhesion and proliferation on magnetic nanoparticle/PVA composite hydrogels. 26037704 4 66 theme hydrogels 821:829 arg1 strength 809:816 excellent compressive strength 787:816 excellent compressive strength of hydrogels 787:829 The presence of these natural polyelectrolytes dramatically increased the pore size and the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) while maintaining excellent compressive strength of hydrogels. 26037704 6 67 theme CS 1103:1104 arg1 addition 1085:1092 the addition 1081:1092 the addition of HA or CS 1081:1104 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay consistently confirmed that the addition of HA or CS promotes chondrocyte adhesion and growth on PVA and composite hydrogels. 26037704 1 68 theme non-adhesive 281:292 arg1 hydrogels 318:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels 262:326 This paper aims to investigate the synergistic effects of natural polysaccharides and inorganic nanoparticles on cell adhesion and growth on intrinsically cell non-adhesive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. 28674831 0 0 from comparison 19:28 arg1 livers 86:91 livers 86:91 livers using HPLC-MS/MS 86:108 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 0 0 from comparison 19:28 arg1 intestines 71:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 8 1 from components 1243:1252 arg1 livers 1277:1282 livers 1277:1282 livers 1277:1282 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 1 from components 1243:1252 arg1 intestines 1262:1271 fish intestines 1257:1271 fish intestines 1257:1271 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 4 2 theme % 738:738 arg1 deviation 717:725 relative standard deviation 699:725 relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0% 699:738 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 7 3 theme well-known 929:938 arg1 GAGs 960:963 GAGs 960:963 GAGs 960:963 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 3 theme well-known 929:938 arg1 heparin 1050:1056 heparin 1050:1056 heparin (HP) 1050:1061 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 3 theme well-known 929:938 arg1 sulfate 1033:1039 dermatan sulfate 1024:1039 dermatan sulfate (DS) 1024:1044 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 3 theme well-known 929:938 arg1 acid 987:990 hyaluronic acid 976:990 hyaluronic acid (HA) 976:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 3 theme well-known 929:938 arg1 sulfate 1010:1016 Chondroitin sulfate 998:1016 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 998:1021 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 3 theme well-known 929:938 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 940:957 well-known glycosaminoglycans 929:957 well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA) 929:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 1 4 theme delicious 164:172 arg1 food 189:192 delicious and nutritious food 164:192 delicious and nutritious food in China 164:201 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 1 4 theme delicious 164:172 arg1 livers 131:136 livers 131:136 livers 131:136 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 1 4 theme delicious 164:172 arg1 intestines 116:125 Fish intestines 111:125 Fish intestines 111:125 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 8 5 theme major 1214:1218 arg1 HP 1202:1203 HP 1202:1203 HP 1202:1203 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 5 theme major 1214:1218 arg1 CS 1195:1196 CS 1195:1196 CS 1195:1196 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 5 theme major 1214:1218 arg1 components 1243:1252 the major acidic polysaccharides components 1210:1252 the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers 1210:1282 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 3 6 theme present 373:379 arg1 study 381:385 The present study 369:385 The present study 369:385 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 0 7 from Quantification 0:13 arg1 livers 86:91 livers 86:91 livers using HPLC-MS/MS 86:108 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 0 7 from Quantification 0:13 arg1 intestines 71:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 7 8 theme Chondroitin 998:1008 arg1 CS 1019:1020 CS 1019:1020 CS 1019:1020 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 8 theme Chondroitin 998:1008 arg1 acid 987:990 hyaluronic acid 976:990 hyaluronic acid (HA) 976:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 8 theme Chondroitin 998:1008 arg1 sulfate 1010:1016 Chondroitin sulfate 998:1016 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 998:1021 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 8 theme Chondroitin 998:1008 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 940:957 well-known glycosaminoglycans 929:957 well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA) 929:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 3 9 theme triple 591:596 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 591:625 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 591:625 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 4 10 theme acidic 653:658 arg1 polysaccharides 660:674 these acidic polysaccharides 647:674 these acidic polysaccharides 647:674 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 3 11 theme quadrupole 598:607 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 591:625 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 591:625 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 4 12 theme -9.0 734:737 arg1 % 733:733 % 733:733 % 733:733 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 5 13 contain had 775:777 arg1 All 741:743 All 741:743 All 741:743 All of the acidic polysaccharides had good linearities. 28674831 5 13 contain had 775:777 arg2 linearities 784:794 good linearities 779:794 good linearities 779:794 All of the acidic polysaccharides had good linearities. 28674831 5 13 contain had 775:777 arg1 polysaccharides 759:773 the acidic polysaccharides 748:773 the acidic polysaccharides 748:773 All of the acidic polysaccharides had good linearities. 28674831 7 14 theme acidic 1072:1077 arg1 polysaccharides 1079:1093 4 novel acidic polysaccharides 1064:1093 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1064:1176 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 14 theme acidic 1072:1077 arg1 GAGs 1107:1110 2 GAGs 1105:1110 2 GAGs 1105:1110 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 14 theme acidic 1072:1077 arg1 non-GAGs 1118:1125 2 non-GAGs 1116:1125 2 non-GAGs 1116:1125 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 4 15 theme % 687:687 arg1 % 692:692 97%-115% 685:692 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0% 685:738 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 4 15 theme % 687:687 arg1 recoveries 632:641 The recoveries 628:641 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides 628:674 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 4 16 theme standard 708:715 arg1 deviation 717:725 relative standard deviation 699:725 relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0% 699:738 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 5 17 theme good 779:782 arg1 linearities 784:794 good linearities 779:794 good linearities 779:794 All of the acidic polysaccharides had good linearities. 28674831 9 18 theme absolute 1303:1310 arg1 polysaccharides 1330:1344 acidic polysaccharides 1323:1344 acidic polysaccharides 1323:1344 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 9 18 theme absolute 1303:1310 arg1 amounts 1312:1318 The absolute amounts 1299:1318 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides 1299:1344 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 2 19 theme origin 275:280 arg1 food 260:263 these food 254:263 these food of animal origin 254:280 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 1 20 theme nutritious 178:187 arg1 food 189:192 delicious and nutritious food 164:192 delicious and nutritious food in China 164:201 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 1 20 theme nutritious 178:187 arg1 livers 131:136 livers 131:136 livers 131:136 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 1 20 theme nutritious 178:187 arg1 intestines 116:125 Fish intestines 111:125 Fish intestines 111:125 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 7 21 theme repeating 1162:1170 arg1 units 1172:1176 hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1140:1176 hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1140:1176 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 2 22 from nutrients 241:249 arg1 food 260:263 these food 254:263 these food of animal origin 254:280 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 8 23 theme polysaccharides 1227:1241 arg1 HP 1202:1203 HP 1202:1203 HP 1202:1203 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 23 theme polysaccharides 1227:1241 arg1 CS 1195:1196 CS 1195:1196 CS 1195:1196 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 23 theme polysaccharides 1227:1241 arg1 components 1243:1252 the major acidic polysaccharides components 1210:1252 the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers 1210:1282 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 10 24 theme livers 1613:1618 arg1 compositions 1585:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions 1562:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines 1562:1633 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 10 25 theme intestines 1624:1633 arg1 compositions 1585:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions 1562:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines 1562:1633 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 7 26 theme novel 1066:1070 arg1 polysaccharides 1079:1093 4 novel acidic polysaccharides 1064:1093 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1064:1176 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 26 theme novel 1066:1070 arg1 GAGs 1107:1110 2 GAGs 1105:1110 2 GAGs 1105:1110 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 26 theme novel 1066:1070 arg1 non-GAGs 1118:1125 2 non-GAGs 1116:1125 2 non-GAGs 1116:1125 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 10 27 theme acidic 1510:1515 arg1 quantification 1533:1546 acidic polysaccharides quantification 1510:1546 acidic polysaccharides quantification 1510:1546 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 2 28 theme little 306:311 arg1 information 313:323 little information 306:323 little information regarding their quantitative distributions 306:366 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 6 29 from composition 843:853 arg1 intestines 909:918 intestines 909:918 intestines 909:918 Then this method was applied to determine the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 6 29 from composition 843:853 arg1 livers 898:903 5 edible fish livers 884:903 5 edible fish livers 884:903 Then this method was applied to determine the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 7 30 theme hexose-hexuronic 1140:1155 arg1 units 1172:1176 hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1140:1176 hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1140:1176 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 9 31 theme acidic 1323:1328 arg1 polysaccharides 1330:1344 acidic polysaccharides 1323:1344 acidic polysaccharides 1323:1344 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 9 32 from similarity 1415:1424 arg1 type 1438:1441 the same type 1429:1441 the same type of tissues 1429:1452 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 7 33 theme hyaluronic 976:985 arg1 acid 987:990 hyaluronic acid 976:990 hyaluronic acid (HA) 976:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 33 theme hyaluronic 976:985 arg1 HA 993:994 HA 993:994 HA 993:994 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 3 34 theme mass 609:612 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 591:625 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 591:625 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 9 35 theme tissues 1446:1452 arg1 type 1438:1441 the same type 1429:1441 the same type of tissues 1429:1452 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 7 36 theme acid 1157:1160 arg1 units 1172:1176 hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1140:1176 hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units 1140:1176 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 9 37 theme polysaccharides 1330:1344 arg1 polysaccharides 1330:1344 acidic polysaccharides 1323:1344 acidic polysaccharides 1323:1344 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 9 37 theme polysaccharides 1330:1344 arg1 amounts 1312:1318 The absolute amounts 1299:1318 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides 1299:1344 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 1 38 theme Fish 111:114 arg1 food 189:192 delicious and nutritious food 164:192 delicious and nutritious food in China 164:201 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 1 38 theme Fish 111:114 arg1 livers 131:136 livers 131:136 livers 131:136 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 1 38 theme Fish 111:114 arg1 intestines 116:125 Fish intestines 111:125 Fish intestines 111:125 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 3 39 theme acid 510:513 arg1 hydrolysis 515:524 the acid hydrolysis 506:524 the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 506:625 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 0 40 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 comparison 19:28 comparison 19:28 comparison 19:28 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 0 40 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 Quantification 0:13 Quantification 0:13 Quantification 0:13 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 3 41 theme liquid 549:554 arg1 HPLC 572:575 HPLC 572:575 HPLC 572:575 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 3 41 theme liquid 549:554 arg1 chromatography 556:569 high-performance liquid chromatography 532:569 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 532:625 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 8 42 theme acidic 1220:1225 arg1 HP 1202:1203 HP 1202:1203 HP 1202:1203 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 42 theme acidic 1220:1225 arg1 CS 1195:1196 CS 1195:1196 CS 1195:1196 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 8 42 theme acidic 1220:1225 arg1 components 1243:1252 the major acidic polysaccharides components 1210:1252 the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers 1210:1282 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 0 43 theme acidic 33:38 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 acidic polysaccharides 33:54 acidic polysaccharides 33:54 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 6 44 theme fish 893:896 arg1 livers 898:903 5 edible fish livers 884:903 5 edible fish livers 884:903 Then this method was applied to determine the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 10 45 theme fish 1608:1611 arg1 livers 1613:1618 edible fish livers 1601:1618 edible fish livers 1601:1618 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 8 46 theme fish 1257:1260 arg1 intestines 1262:1271 fish intestines 1257:1271 fish intestines 1257:1271 CS and HP were the major acidic polysaccharides components in fish intestines and livers, respectively. 28674831 0 47 theme edible 59:64 arg1 intestines 71:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 5 48 theme acidic 752:757 arg1 polysaccharides 759:773 the acidic polysaccharides 748:773 the acidic polysaccharides 748:773 All of the acidic polysaccharides had good linearities. 28674831 10 49 theme polysaccharides 1517:1531 arg1 quantification 1533:1546 acidic polysaccharides quantification 1510:1546 acidic polysaccharides quantification 1510:1546 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 6 50 theme edible 886:891 arg1 livers 898:903 5 edible fish livers 884:903 5 edible fish livers 884:903 Then this method was applied to determine the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 2 51 theme important 231:239 arg1 nutrients 241:249 important nutrients 231:249 important nutrients 231:249 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 2 51 theme important 231:239 arg1 polysaccharides 211:225 Acidic polysaccharides 204:225 Acidic polysaccharides 204:225 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 3 52 theme high-performance 532:547 arg1 HPLC 572:575 HPLC 572:575 HPLC 572:575 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 3 52 theme high-performance 532:547 arg1 chromatography 556:569 high-performance liquid chromatography 532:569 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 532:625 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 3 53 theme acidic 421:426 arg1 polysaccharides 428:442 acidic polysaccharides 421:442 acidic polysaccharides 421:442 The present study demonstrated a method to quantify acidic polysaccharides simultaneously by analyzing their disaccharides produced from the acid hydrolysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28674831 10 54 theme effective 1489:1497 arg1 method 1499:1504 an effective method 1486:1504 an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification 1486:1546 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 4 55 with % 692:692 arg1 deviation 717:725 relative standard deviation 699:725 relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0% 699:738 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 2 56 theme quantitative 341:352 arg1 distributions 354:366 their quantitative distributions 335:366 their quantitative distributions 335:366 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 9 57 theme fish 1372:1375 arg1 tissues 1377:1383 these fish tissues 1366:1383 these fish tissues 1366:1383 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 2 58 theme Acidic 204:209 arg1 nutrients 241:249 important nutrients 231:249 important nutrients 231:249 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 2 58 theme Acidic 204:209 arg1 polysaccharides 211:225 Acidic polysaccharides 204:225 Acidic polysaccharides 204:225 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 2 59 theme animal 268:273 arg1 origin 275:280 animal origin 268:280 animal origin 268:280 Acidic polysaccharides are important nutrients in these food of animal origin, but there is currently little information regarding their quantitative distributions. 28674831 7 60 theme dermatan 1024:1031 arg1 acid 987:990 hyaluronic acid 976:990 hyaluronic acid (HA) 976:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 60 theme dermatan 1024:1031 arg1 DS 1042:1043 DS 1042:1043 DS 1042:1043 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 60 theme dermatan 1024:1031 arg1 sulfate 1033:1039 dermatan sulfate 1024:1039 dermatan sulfate (DS) 1024:1044 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 7 60 theme dermatan 1024:1031 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 940:957 well-known glycosaminoglycans 929:957 well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA) 929:995 Besides well-known glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including hyaluronic acid (HA), Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin (HP), 4 novel acidic polysaccharides including 2 GAGs and 2 non-GAGs comprised of hexose-hexuronic acid repeating units were also found. 28674831 9 61 theme same 1433:1436 arg1 type 1438:1441 the same type 1429:1441 the same type of tissues 1429:1452 The absolute amounts of acidic polysaccharides differed greatly in these fish tissues, but their proportions showed similarity in the same type of tissues. 28674831 6 62 theme polysaccharides 865:879 arg1 composition 843:853 the composition 839:853 the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines 839:918 Then this method was applied to determine the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 1 63 from food 189:192 arg1 China 197:201 China 197:201 China 197:201 Fish intestines and livers are usually considered as delicious and nutritious food in China. 28674831 6 64 theme acidic 858:863 arg1 polysaccharides 865:879 acidic polysaccharides 858:879 acidic polysaccharides 858:879 Then this method was applied to determine the composition of acidic polysaccharides in 5 edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 10 65 theme polysaccharides 1569:1583 arg1 compositions 1585:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions 1562:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines 1562:1633 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 4 66 theme relative 699:706 arg1 deviation 717:725 relative standard deviation 699:725 relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0% 699:738 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 28674831 0 67 theme fish 66:69 arg1 intestines 71:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 edible fish intestines 59:80 Quantification and comparison of acidic polysaccharides in edible fish intestines and livers using HPLC-MS/MS. 28674831 10 68 theme present 1459:1465 arg1 study 1467:1471 The present study 1455:1471 The present study 1455:1471 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 10 69 theme edible 1601:1606 arg1 livers 1613:1618 edible fish livers 1601:1618 edible fish livers 1601:1618 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 10 70 theme acidic 1562:1567 arg1 compositions 1585:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions 1562:1596 acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines 1562:1633 The present study demonstrated an effective method for acidic polysaccharides quantification, and revealed acidic polysaccharides compositions of edible fish livers and intestines. 28674831 4 71 theme 3.0 730:732 arg1 % 733:733 % 733:733 % 733:733 The recoveries for these acidic polysaccharides were all 97%-115% with relative standard deviation of 3.0%-9.0%. 27316764 7 0 theme total 1430:1434 arg1 power 1445:1449 high total reducing power 1425:1449 high total reducing power 1425:1449 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 4 1 theme sphaerocephala 807:820 arg1 seeds 829:833 the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 800:833 the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 800:833 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 1 2 theme seeds 198:202 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 4 3 theme solid-liquid 675:686 arg1 ratio 688:692 solid-liquid ratio 675:692 solid-liquid ratio 675:692 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 0 4 theme antioxidant 97:107 arg1 activity 109:116 antioxidant activity 97:116 antioxidant activity 97:116 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 4 5 theme single-factor 609:621 arg1 method 632:637 a single-factor analysis method 607:637 a single-factor analysis method 607:637 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 6 6 theme typical 1203:1209 arg1 monosaccharides 1334:1348 the main constitutive monosaccharides 1312:1348 the main constitutive monosaccharides 1312:1348 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 6 theme typical 1203:1209 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 a typical heteropolysaccharide 1201:1230 a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) 1201:1304 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 4 7 theme A. 804:805 arg1 seeds 829:833 the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 800:833 the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 800:833 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 5 8 theme optimal 840:846 arg1 64°C 1059:1062 extraction temperature 64°C 1036:1062 extraction temperature 64°C 1036:1062 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 8 theme optimal 840:846 arg1 243W 978:981 ultrasonic power 243W 961:981 ultrasonic power 243W 961:981 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 8 theme optimal 840:846 arg1 64:1 1027:1030 solid-liquid ratio 64:1 1008:1030 solid-liquid ratio 64:1 1008:1030 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 8 theme optimal 840:846 arg1 following 950:958 following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C 950:1062 following 950:958 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 8 theme optimal 840:846 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 8 theme optimal 840:846 arg1 125min 1000:1005 extraction time 125min 984:1005 extraction time 125min 984:1005 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 6 9 with heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 arg1 d-galactose 1265:1275 d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose 1237:1275 d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) 1237:1283 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 9 with heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 arg1 % 1282:1282 20.2% 1278:1282 20.2% 1278:1282 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 9 with heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 arg1 d-xylose 1289:1296 d-xylose 1289:1296 d-xylose (15.5%) 1289:1304 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 9 with heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 arg1 % 1303:1303 15.5% 1299:1303 15.5% 1299:1303 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 2 10 theme Krasch 351:356 arg1 polysaccharides 364:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 7 11 theme superoxide 1512:1521 arg1 radicals 1523:1530 hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1499:1530 radicals 1523:1530 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 7 11 theme superoxide 1512:1521 arg1 DPPH 1493:1496 DPPH 1493:1496 DPPH 1493:1496 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 2 12 theme sphaerocephala 336:349 arg1 polysaccharides 364:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 3 13 theme seeds 575:579 arg1 polysaccharides 581:595 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 543:595 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 543:595 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 0 14 theme sphaerocephala 137:150 arg1 seeds 159:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 5 15 theme temperature 1047:1057 arg1 64°C 1059:1062 extraction temperature 64°C 1036:1062 extraction temperature 64°C 1036:1062 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 15 theme temperature 1047:1057 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 7 16 theme hydroxyl 1499:1506 arg1 radicals 1523:1530 hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1499:1530 radicals 1523:1530 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 7 16 theme hydroxyl 1499:1506 arg1 DPPH 1493:1496 DPPH 1493:1496 DPPH 1493:1496 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 2 17 theme Artemisia 326:334 arg1 polysaccharides 364:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 3 18 theme ultrasound-assisted 498:516 arg1 conditions 529:538 ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions 498:538 ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 498:595 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 0 19 theme Artemisia 127:135 arg1 seeds 159:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 5 20 theme extraction 1036:1045 arg1 64°C 1059:1062 extraction temperature 64°C 1036:1062 extraction temperature 64°C 1036:1062 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 20 theme extraction 1036:1045 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 21 theme seeds 909:913 arg1 polysaccharides 915:929 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 877:929 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 877:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 4 22 theme extraction 698:707 arg1 temperature 709:719 extraction temperature 698:719 extraction temperature 698:719 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 3 23 theme extraction 518:527 arg1 conditions 529:538 ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions 498:538 ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 498:595 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 3 24 theme rotatable 438:446 arg1 design 466:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 5 25 theme Krasch 902:907 arg1 polysaccharides 915:929 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 877:929 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 877:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 6 26 theme constitutive 1321:1332 arg1 monosaccharides 1334:1348 the main constitutive monosaccharides 1312:1348 the main constitutive monosaccharides 1312:1348 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 26 theme constitutive 1321:1332 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 a typical heteropolysaccharide 1201:1230 a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) 1201:1304 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 7 27 theme high 1425:1428 arg1 power 1445:1449 high total reducing power 1425:1449 high total reducing power 1425:1449 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 3 28 theme central 448:454 arg1 design 466:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 7 29 theme concentration-dependent 1538:1560 arg1 manner 1562:1567 a concentration-dependent manner 1536:1567 a concentration-dependent manner 1536:1567 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 6 30 theme main 1316:1319 arg1 monosaccharides 1334:1348 the main constitutive monosaccharides 1312:1348 the main constitutive monosaccharides 1312:1348 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 30 theme main 1316:1319 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 1211:1230 a typical heteropolysaccharide 1201:1230 a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) 1201:1304 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 5 31 theme experimental 1075:1086 arg1 yield 1088:1092 the experimental yield 1071:1092 the experimental yield 1071:1092 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 31 theme experimental 1075:1086 arg1 % 1103:1103 14.78% 1098:1103 14.78% 1098:1103 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 7 32 theme seeds 1393:1397 arg1 polysaccharides 1399:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 4 33 theme polysaccharides 769:783 arg1 yield 760:764 the yield 756:764 the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 756:833 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 2 34 theme polysaccharides 364:378 arg1 issue 401:405 an unsolved issue 389:405 an unsolved issue 389:405 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 2 34 theme polysaccharides 364:378 arg1 extraction 312:321 effective extraction 302:321 effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 302:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 5 35 theme power 972:976 arg1 243W 978:981 ultrasonic power 243W 961:981 ultrasonic power 243W 961:981 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 35 theme power 972:976 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 0 36 theme ultrasound-assisted 17:35 arg1 extraction 37:46 ultrasound-assisted extraction 17:46 ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 17:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 0 37 theme Krasch 152:157 arg1 seeds 159:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 2 38 theme seeds 358:362 arg1 polysaccharides 364:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 326:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 5 39 theme ratio 1021:1025 arg1 64:1 1027:1030 solid-liquid ratio 64:1 1008:1030 solid-liquid ratio 64:1 1008:1030 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 39 theme ratio 1021:1025 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 0 40 theme polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 extraction 37:46 ultrasound-assisted extraction 17:46 ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 17:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 4 41 theme extraction 658:667 arg1 time 669:672 extraction time 658:672 extraction time 658:672 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 6 42 theme acid 1252:1255 arg1 d-galactose 1265:1275 d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose 1237:1275 d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) 1237:1283 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 42 theme acid 1252:1255 arg1 % 1282:1282 20.2% 1278:1282 20.2% 1278:1282 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 5 43 theme solid-liquid 1008:1019 arg1 64:1 1027:1030 solid-liquid ratio 64:1 1008:1030 solid-liquid ratio 64:1 1008:1030 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 43 theme solid-liquid 1008:1019 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 7 44 theme Krasch 1386:1391 arg1 polysaccharides 1399:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 5 45 theme time 995:998 arg1 125min 1000:1005 extraction time 125min 984:1005 extraction time 125min 984:1005 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 45 theme time 995:998 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 46 theme polysaccharides 915:929 arg1 extraction 863:872 extraction 863:872 extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 863:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 7 47 theme reducing 1436:1443 arg1 power 1445:1449 high total reducing power 1425:1449 high total reducing power 1425:1449 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 0 48 from seeds 159:163 arg1 polysaccharides 51:65 polysaccharides 51:65 polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 51:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 0 48 from seeds 159:163 arg1 extraction 37:46 ultrasound-assisted extraction 17:46 ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 17:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 5 49 theme extraction 984:993 arg1 125min 1000:1005 extraction time 125min 984:1005 extraction time 125min 984:1005 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 49 theme extraction 984:993 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 0 50 theme chemical 72:79 arg1 composition 81:91 chemical composition 72:91 chemical composition 72:91 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 4 51 theme analysis 623:630 arg1 method 632:637 a single-factor analysis method 607:637 a single-factor analysis method 607:637 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 5 52 theme ultrasonic 961:970 arg1 243W 978:981 ultrasonic power 243W 961:981 ultrasonic power 243W 961:981 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 5 52 theme ultrasonic 961:970 arg1 conditions 848:857 The optimal conditions 836:857 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 836:929 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 6 53 theme d-galacturonic 1237:1250 arg1 acid 1252:1255 d-galacturonic acid 1237:1255 d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) 1237:1283 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 6 53 theme d-galacturonic 1237:1250 arg1 % 1262:1262 38.8% 1258:1262 38.8% 1258:1262 Furthermore, ASKP was identified as a typical heteropolysaccharide with d-galacturonic acid (38.8%) d-galactose (20.2%) and d-xylose (15.5%) being the main constitutive monosaccharides. 27316764 3 54 theme polysaccharides 581:595 arg1 conditions 529:538 ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions 498:538 ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 498:595 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 4 55 theme ultrasonic 640:649 arg1 power 651:655 ultrasonic power 640:655 ultrasonic power 640:655 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 3 56 theme Krasch 568:573 arg1 polysaccharides 581:595 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 543:595 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 543:595 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 7 57 theme Artemisia 1361:1369 arg1 polysaccharides 1399:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 4 58 theme Krasch 822:827 arg1 seeds 829:833 the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 800:833 the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 800:833 Based on a single-factor analysis method, ultrasonic power, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were shown to significantly affect the yield of polysaccharides extracted from the A. sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 7 59 theme considerable 1455:1466 arg1 activities 1479:1488 considerable scavenging activities 1455:1488 considerable scavenging activities 1455:1488 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 5 60 theme % 1162:1162 arg1 value 1148:1152 the predicted value 1134:1152 the predicted value of 14.81% 1134:1162 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 7 61 theme scavenging 1468:1477 arg1 activities 1479:1488 considerable scavenging activities 1455:1488 considerable scavenging activities 1455:1488 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 5 62 theme predicted 1138:1146 arg1 value 1148:1152 the predicted value 1134:1152 the predicted value of 14.81% 1134:1162 The optimal conditions for extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides were determined as following: ultrasonic power 243W, extraction time 125min, solid-liquid ratio 64:1 and extraction temperature 64°C, where the experimental yield was 14.78%, which was well matched with the predicted value of 14.81%. 27316764 2 63 theme unsolved 392:399 arg1 issue 401:405 an unsolved issue 389:405 an unsolved issue 389:405 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 2 63 theme unsolved 392:399 arg1 extraction 312:321 effective extraction 302:321 effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 302:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 1 64 theme important 260:268 arg1 activities 281:290 important biological activities 260:290 important biological activities 260:290 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 7 65 theme sphaerocephala 1371:1384 arg1 polysaccharides 1399:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 1361:1413 Moreover, Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides exhibited high total reducing power and considerable scavenging activities on DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. 27316764 2 66 theme effective 302:310 arg1 issue 401:405 an unsolved issue 389:405 an unsolved issue 389:405 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 2 66 theme effective 302:310 arg1 extraction 312:321 effective extraction 302:321 effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 302:378 However, effective extraction of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides is still an unsolved issue. 27316764 1 67 theme Artemisia 166:174 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 68 theme biological 270:279 arg1 activities 281:290 important biological activities 260:290 important biological activities 260:290 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 69 contain have 242:245 arg2 activities 281:290 important biological activities 260:290 important biological activities 260:290 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 69 contain have 242:245 arg2 variety 249:255 a variety 247:255 a variety of important biological activities 247:290 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 69 contain have 242:245 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 70 theme sphaerocephala 176:189 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 71 theme activities 281:290 arg1 activities 281:290 important biological activities 260:290 important biological activities 260:290 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 1 71 theme activities 281:290 arg1 variety 249:255 a variety 247:255 a variety of important biological activities 247:290 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 27316764 3 72 theme composite 456:464 arg1 design 466:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 0 73 from extraction 37:46 arg1 seeds 159:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds 123:163 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 3 74 theme orthogonal 427:436 arg1 design 466:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 the orthogonal rotatable central composite design 423:471 In this study, the orthogonal rotatable central composite design was employed to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides. 27316764 0 75 with polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 composition 81:91 chemical composition 72:91 chemical composition 72:91 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 0 75 with polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 activity 109:116 antioxidant activity 97:116 antioxidant activity 97:116 Optimization for ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides with chemical composition and antioxidant activity from the Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds. 27316764 1 76 theme Krasch 191:196 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides 166:218 Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds polysaccharides have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. 25569238 11 0 from difference 1312:1321 arg1 order 1330:1334 the order 1326:1334 the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins 1326:1399 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 3 1 theme multiple 322:329 arg1 subunits 331:338 multiple subunits 322:338 multiple subunits 322:338 Each structure is composed of multiple subunits, either pilins or archaellins. 25569238 1 2 contain has 133:135 arg1 maripaludis 121:131 Methanococcus maripaludis 107:131 Methanococcus maripaludis 107:131 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 1 2 contain has 133:135 arg2 appendages 159:168 two different surface appendages 137:168 two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella 137:201 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 1 3 theme type 171:174 arg1 pili 184:187 type IV-like pili 171:187 type IV-like pili 171:187 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 11 4 theme pilins 1378:1383 arg1 modifications 1361:1373 the posttranslational modifications 1339:1373 the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins 1339:1399 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 7 5 contain have 736:739 arg1 pilins 729:734 the pilins 725:734 the pilins 725:734 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 5 contain have 736:739 arg2 pentasaccharide 743:757 a pentasaccharide 741:757 a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar 741:890 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 6 link N-linked 694:701 arg1 tetrasaccharide 703:717 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 691:717 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 691:717 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 10 7 theme non-glycosylated 1247:1262 arg1 pilins 1264:1269 non-glycosylated pilins 1247:1269 non-glycosylated pilins 1247:1269 However, EppA can still remove signal peptides from non-glycosylated pilins. 25569238 9 8 contain have 1162:1165 arg2 peptide 1178:1184 the signal peptide 1167:1184 the signal peptide removed 1167:1192 In contrast, pilins are not glycosylated unless they have been acted on by EppA to have the signal peptide removed. 25569238 9 8 contain have 1162:1165 arg1 they 1127:1130 they 1127:1130 they 1127:1130 In contrast, pilins are not glycosylated unless they have been acted on by EppA to have the signal peptide removed. 25569238 11 9 theme modifications 1361:1373 arg1 order 1330:1334 the order 1326:1334 the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins 1326:1399 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 2 10 theme pilus 275:279 arg1 mechanism 281:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 Both structures are believed to be assembled using a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism. 25569238 1 11 theme IV-like 176:182 arg1 pili 184:187 type IV-like pili 171:187 type IV-like pili 171:187 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 6 12 link N-linked 649:656 arg1 glycans 658:664 N-linked glycans 649:664 N-linked glycans 649:664 In addition, both pilins and archaellins are modified with N-linked glycans. 25569238 2 13 theme IV 272:273 arg1 mechanism 281:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 Both structures are believed to be assembled using a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism. 25569238 7 14 theme unidentified 841:852 arg1 hexose 854:859 an unidentified hexose 838:859 an unidentified hexose 838:859 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 14 theme unidentified 841:852 arg1 sugar 831:835 an additional sugar 817:835 an additional sugar 817:835 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 9 15 gly glycosylated 1107:1118 arg2 pilins 1092:1097 pilins 1092:1097 pilins 1092:1097 In contrast, pilins are not glycosylated unless they have been acted on by EppA to have the signal peptide removed. 25569238 9 15 gly glycosylated 1107:1118 arg1 contrast 1082:1089 contrast 1082:1089 contrast 1082:1089 In contrast, pilins are not glycosylated unless they have been acted on by EppA to have the signal peptide removed. 25569238 9 15 gly glycosylated 1107:1118 arg1 pilins 1092:1097 pilins 1092:1097 pilins 1092:1097 In contrast, pilins are not glycosylated unless they have been acted on by EppA to have the signal peptide removed. 25569238 10 16 theme signal 1226:1231 arg1 peptides 1233:1240 signal peptides 1226:1240 signal peptides 1226:1240 However, EppA can still remove signal peptides from non-glycosylated pilins. 25569238 6 17 mod modified 635:642 arg1 pilins 608:613 pilins 608:613 pilins 608:613 In addition, both pilins and archaellins are modified with N-linked glycans. 25569238 6 17 mod modified 635:642 arg3 glycans 658:664 N-linked glycans 649:664 N-linked glycans 649:664 In addition, both pilins and archaellins are modified with N-linked glycans. 25569238 6 17 mod modified 635:642 arg1 archaellins 619:629 archaellins 619:629 archaellins 619:629 In addition, both pilins and archaellins are modified with N-linked glycans. 25569238 0 18 theme Pilin 0:4 arg1 Processing 6:15 Pilin Processing 0:15 Pilin Processing 0:15 Pilin Processing Follows a Different Temporal Route than That of Archaellins in Methanococcus maripaludis. 25569238 11 19 theme type 1422:1425 arg1 proteins 1441:1448 type IV pilin-like proteins 1422:1448 type IV pilin-like proteins 1422:1448 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 11 19 theme type 1422:1425 arg1 both 1413:1416 both 1413:1416 both 1413:1416 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 9 20 theme signal 1171:1176 arg1 peptide 1178:1184 the signal peptide 1167:1184 the signal peptide removed 1167:1192 In contrast, pilins are not glycosylated unless they have been acted on by EppA to have the signal peptide removed. 25569238 11 21 theme IV 1427:1428 arg1 proteins 1441:1448 type IV pilin-like proteins 1422:1448 type IV pilin-like proteins 1422:1448 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 11 21 theme IV 1427:1428 arg1 both 1413:1416 both 1413:1416 both 1413:1416 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 7 22 theme N-linked 694:701 arg1 tetrasaccharide 703:717 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 691:717 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 691:717 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 8 23 theme signal 1062:1067 arg1 peptides 1069:1076 their signal peptides 1056:1076 their signal peptides 1056:1076 In this report, we show that archaellins can be processed by FlaK in the absence of N-glycosylation and N-glycosylation can occur on archaellins that still retain their signal peptides. 25569238 8 24 theme N-glycosylation 977:991 arg1 absence 966:972 the absence 962:972 the absence of N-glycosylation 962:991 In this report, we show that archaellins can be processed by FlaK in the absence of N-glycosylation and N-glycosylation can occur on archaellins that still retain their signal peptides. 25569238 11 25 theme pilin-like 1430:1439 arg1 proteins 1441:1448 type IV pilin-like proteins 1422:1448 type IV pilin-like proteins 1422:1448 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 11 25 theme pilin-like 1430:1439 arg1 both 1413:1416 both 1413:1416 both 1413:1416 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 7 26 contain possess 683:689 arg2 tetrasaccharide 703:717 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 691:717 an N-linked tetrasaccharide 691:717 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 26 contain possess 683:689 arg1 archaellins 671:681 The archaellins 667:681 The archaellins 667:681 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 4 27 theme pilin-like 446:455 arg1 peptides 464:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 1 28 dep appendages 159:168 arg1 archaella 193:201 archaella 193:201 archaella 193:201 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 1 28 dep appendages 159:168 arg1 pili 184:187 type IV-like pili 171:187 type IV-like pili 171:187 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 7 29 theme additional 820:829 arg1 hexose 854:859 an unidentified hexose 838:859 an unidentified hexose 838:859 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 29 theme additional 820:829 arg1 sugar 831:835 an additional sugar 817:835 an additional sugar 817:835 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 0 30 theme Temporal 37:44 arg1 Route 46:50 a Different Temporal Route 25:50 a Different Temporal Route than That of Archaellins in Methanococcus maripaludis 25:104 Pilin Processing Follows a Different Temporal Route than That of Archaellins in Methanococcus maripaludis. 25569238 4 31 theme IV 443:444 arg1 peptides 464:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 6 32 theme N-linked 649:656 arg1 glycans 658:664 N-linked glycans 649:664 N-linked glycans 649:664 In addition, both pilins and archaellins are modified with N-linked glycans. 25569238 4 33 with preproteins 421:431 arg1 peptides 464:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 0 34 theme Different 27:35 arg1 Route 46:50 a Different Temporal Route 25:50 a Different Temporal Route than That of Archaellins in Methanococcus maripaludis 25:104 Pilin Processing Follows a Different Temporal Route than That of Archaellins in Methanococcus maripaludis. 25569238 4 35 theme prepilin 501:508 arg1 enzyme 525:530 a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme 499:530 a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme 499:530 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 4 36 theme peptidase-like 510:523 arg1 enzyme 525:530 a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme 499:530 a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme 499:530 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 7 37 attach attached 862:869 arg2 hexose 854:859 an unidentified hexose 838:859 an unidentified hexose 838:859 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 37 attach attached 862:869 arg1 sugar 886:890 the linking sugar 874:890 the linking sugar 874:890 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 37 attach attached 862:869 arg2 sugar 831:835 an additional sugar 817:835 an additional sugar 817:835 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 4 38 theme signal 457:462 arg1 peptides 464:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 10 39 gly non-glycosylated 1247:1262 arg1 pilins 1264:1269 non-glycosylated pilins 1247:1269 non-glycosylated pilins 1247:1269 However, EppA can still remove signal peptides from non-glycosylated pilins. 25569238 8 40 gly N-glycosylation 997:1011 arg2 archaellins 1026:1036 archaellins 1026:1036 archaellins that still retain their signal peptides 1026:1076 In this report, we show that archaellins can be processed by FlaK in the absence of N-glycosylation and N-glycosylation can occur on archaellins that still retain their signal peptides. 25569238 2 41 theme type 267:270 arg1 mechanism 281:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 Both structures are believed to be assembled using a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism. 25569238 4 42 theme type 438:441 arg1 peptides 464:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 type IV pilin-like signal peptides 438:471 Both pilins and archaellins are made initially as preproteins with type IV pilin-like signal peptides, which must be removed by a prepilin peptidase-like enzyme. 25569238 2 43 theme bacterial 257:265 arg1 mechanism 281:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism 255:289 Both structures are believed to be assembled using a bacterial type IV pilus mechanism. 25569238 1 44 theme different 141:149 arg1 appendages 159:168 two different surface appendages 137:168 two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella 137:201 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 11 45 theme archaellins 1389:1399 arg1 modifications 1361:1373 the posttranslational modifications 1339:1373 the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins 1339:1399 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 1 46 theme surface 151:157 arg1 appendages 159:168 two different surface appendages 137:168 two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella 137:201 Methanococcus maripaludis has two different surface appendages: type IV-like pili and archaella. 25569238 11 47 theme posttranslational 1343:1359 arg1 modifications 1361:1373 the posttranslational modifications 1339:1373 the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins 1339:1399 These findings indicate that there is a difference in the order of the posttranslational modifications of pilins and archaellins even though both are type IV pilin-like proteins. 25569238 7 48 theme linking 878:884 arg1 sugar 886:890 the linking sugar 874:890 the linking sugar 874:890 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25569238 7 49 theme archaellin 781:790 arg1 tetrasaccharide 792:806 the archaellin tetrasaccharide 777:806 the archaellin tetrasaccharide 777:806 The archaellins possess an N-linked tetrasaccharide while the pilins have a pentasaccharide which consists of the archaellin tetrasaccharide but with an additional sugar, an unidentified hexose, attached to the linking sugar. 25862865 1 0 gly N-glycosylation 81:95 arg1 integrins 100:108 integrins 100:108 integrins 100:108 N-glycosylation of integrins plays an important role in cancer progression. 25862865 6 1 from increase 903:910 arg1 progression 961:971 melanoma progression 952:971 melanoma progression 952:971 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 1 from increase 903:910 arg1 sialylation 808:818 the sialylation 804:818 the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 804:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 3 2 used used 336:339 arg2 we 333:334 we 333:334 we 333:334 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 5 3 with glycans 670:676 arg1 GlcNAc 714:719 GlcNAc 714:719 GlcNAc 714:719 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 5 3 with glycans 670:676 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 693:711 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 683:711 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 683:720 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 6 4 theme sialylation 920:930 arg1 increase 903:910 an increase 900:910 an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression 900:971 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 4 theme sialylation 920:930 arg1 shift 795:799 a shift 793:799 a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 793:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 7 5 theme nigra 1132:1136 arg1 SNA 1150:1152 SNA 1150:1152 SNA 1150:1152 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 5 theme nigra 1132:1136 arg1 αvβ3 1072:1075 αvβ3 1072:1075 αvβ3 1072:1075 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 5 theme nigra 1132:1136 arg1 agglutinin 1138:1147 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 1123:1147 Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) 1123:1153 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 5 theme nigra 1132:1136 arg1 MAA 1178:1180 MAA 1178:1180 MAA 1178:1180 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 6 6 theme integrin 828:835 arg1 sialylation 808:818 the sialylation 804:818 the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 804:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 7 theme α2-6-linked 861:871 arg1 acid 880:883 α2-6-linked sialic acid 861:883 α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 861:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 8 theme sialic 873:878 arg1 acid 880:883 α2-6-linked sialic acid 861:883 α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 861:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 4 9 theme Lectin 454:459 arg1 precipitation 461:473 Lectin precipitation 454:473 Lectin precipitation 454:473 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 3 10 theme cell 368:371 arg1 line 373:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 4 11 theme swainsonine 508:518 arg1 precipitation 461:473 Lectin precipitation 454:473 Lectin precipitation 454:473 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 4 11 theme swainsonine 508:518 arg1 digestion 483:491 enzyme digestion 476:491 enzyme digestion 476:491 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 4 11 theme swainsonine 508:518 arg1 use 501:503 the use 497:503 the use of swainsonine (SW) 497:523 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 5 12 theme bisecting 683:691 arg1 GlcNAc 714:719 GlcNAc 714:719 GlcNAc 714:719 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 5 12 theme bisecting 683:691 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 693:711 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 683:711 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 683:720 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 6 13 theme αvβ3 823:826 arg1 integrin 828:835 αvβ3 integrin 823:835 αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 823:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 8 14 theme glycosylation 1334:1346 arg1 alteration 1306:1315 alteration 1306:1315 alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 1306:1346 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 6 15 gly sialylation 920:930 arg1 subunits 940:947 both subunits 935:947 both subunits 935:947 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 7 16 theme woundhealing 1186:1197 arg1 assays 1199:1204 woundhealing assays 1186:1204 woundhealing assays 1186:1204 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 2 17 theme αvβ3 167:170 arg1 expression 181:190 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression 157:190 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression 157:218 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression is well-documented but the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. 25862865 8 18 theme integrin 1325:1332 arg1 glycosylation 1334:1346 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 1320:1346 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 1320:1346 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 2 19 from role 247:250 arg1 tumorigenesis 270:282 tumorigenesis 270:282 tumorigenesis 270:282 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression is well-documented but the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. 25862865 4 20 theme primary 595:601 arg1 cells 627:631 primary and metastatic melanoma cells 595:631 primary and metastatic melanoma cells 595:631 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 3 21 theme primary 351:357 arg1 line 373:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 2 22 theme Increased 157:165 arg1 expression 181:190 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression 157:190 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression 157:218 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression is well-documented but the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. 25862865 5 23 theme High-mannose 634:645 arg1 structures 647:656 High-mannose structures 634:656 High-mannose structures 634:656 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 7 24 theme Metastatic 974:983 arg1 melanoma 985:992 Metastatic melanoma 974:992 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) 974:1022 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 5 25 from abundant 732:739 arg1 subunits 749:756 both subunits 744:756 both subunits of primary cells 744:773 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 3 26 theme αvβ3 434:437 arg1 glycosylation 439:451 αvβ3 glycosylation 434:451 αvβ3 glycosylation 434:451 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 3 27 theme melanoma 359:366 arg1 line 373:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 3 28 theme metastatic 393:402 arg1 WM1205Lu 413:420 WM1205Lu 413:420 WM1205Lu 413:420 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 3 28 theme metastatic 393:402 arg1 variant 404:410 its highly metastatic variant 382:410 its highly metastatic variant 382:410 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 5 29 theme primary 761:767 arg1 cells 769:773 primary cells 761:773 primary cells 761:773 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 8 30 theme αvβ3 1362:1365 arg1 N-glycans 1409:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 4 31 theme enzyme 476:481 arg1 digestion 483:491 enzyme digestion 476:491 enzyme digestion 476:491 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 0 32 theme Aberrant 0:7 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 Aberrant glycosylation 0:21 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin 0:38 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin is associated with melanoma progression. 25862865 4 33 theme integrin 542:549 arg1 glycosylation 551:563 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 537:563 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 537:563 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 5 34 theme complex 662:668 arg1 glycans 670:676 complex glycans 662:676 complex glycans 662:676 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 1 35 theme integrins 100:108 arg1 N-glycosylation 81:95 N-glycosylation 81:95 N-glycosylation of integrins 81:108 N-glycosylation of integrins plays an important role in cancer progression. 25862865 0 36 theme αvβ3 26:29 arg1 integrin 31:38 αvβ3 integrin 26:38 αvβ3 integrin 26:38 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin is associated with melanoma progression. 25862865 4 37 theme αvβ3 537:540 arg1 glycosylation 551:563 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 537:563 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 537:563 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 7 38 theme Sambucus 1123:1130 arg1 SNA 1150:1152 SNA 1150:1152 SNA 1150:1152 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 38 theme Sambucus 1123:1130 arg1 αvβ3 1072:1075 αvβ3 1072:1075 αvβ3 1072:1075 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 38 theme Sambucus 1123:1130 arg1 agglutinin 1138:1147 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 1123:1147 Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) 1123:1153 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 38 theme Sambucus 1123:1130 arg1 MAA 1178:1180 MAA 1178:1180 MAA 1178:1180 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 8 39 theme β1-6-branched 1371:1383 arg1 N-glycans 1409:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 7 40 theme melanoma 985:992 arg1 migration 994:1002 Metastatic melanoma migration 974:1002 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) 974:1022 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 6 41 from shift 795:799 arg1 progression 961:971 melanoma progression 952:971 melanoma progression 952:971 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 41 from shift 795:799 arg1 sialylation 808:818 the sialylation 804:818 the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 804:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 3 42 theme WM793 345:349 arg1 line 373:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 the WM793 primary melanoma cell line 341:376 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 2 43 theme melanoma 199:206 arg1 progression 208:218 melanoma progression 199:218 melanoma progression 199:218 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression is well-documented but the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. 25862865 7 44 from migration 994:1002 arg1 VN 1020:1021 VN 1020:1021 VN 1020:1021 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 44 from migration 994:1002 arg1 vitronectin 1007:1017 vitronectin 1007:1017 vitronectin (VN) 1007:1022 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 45 dep lectins 1085:1091 arg1 PHA-L 1115:1119 PHA-L 1115:1119 PHA-L 1115:1119 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 7 45 dep lectins 1085:1091 arg1 phytohemagglutinin-L 1093:1112 phytohemagglutinin-L 1093:1112 the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) 1081:1120 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 8 46 theme melanoma 1273:1280 arg1 cells 1282:1286 melanoma cells 1273:1286 melanoma cells 1273:1286 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 6 47 theme acid 880:883 arg1 expression 885:894 α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 861:894 α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 861:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 8 48 theme complex-type 1396:1407 arg1 N-glycans 1409:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 0 49 theme integrin 31:38 arg1 glycosylation 9:21 Aberrant glycosylation 0:21 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin 0:38 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin is associated with melanoma progression. 25862865 5 50 from subunits 749:756 arg1 abundant 732:739 abundant 732:739 abundant 732:739 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 0 51 gly glycosylation 9:21 arg1 integrin 31:38 αvβ3 integrin 26:38 αvβ3 integrin 26:38 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin is associated with melanoma progression. 25862865 5 52 theme cells 769:773 arg1 subunits 749:756 both subunits 744:756 both subunits of primary cells 744:773 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 6 53 theme melanoma 952:959 arg1 progression 961:971 melanoma progression 952:971 melanoma progression 952:971 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 3 54 theme present 319:325 arg1 study 327:331 the present study 315:331 the present study 315:331 In the present study we used the WM793 primary melanoma cell line and its highly metastatic variant, WM1205Lu, to examine αvβ3 glycosylation. 25862865 2 55 theme integrin 172:179 arg1 expression 181:190 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression 157:190 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression 157:218 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression is well-documented but the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. 25862865 6 56 theme expression 885:894 arg1 reduction 848:856 reduction 848:856 reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 848:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 1 57 theme important 119:127 arg1 role 129:132 an important role 116:132 an important role 116:132 N-glycosylation of integrins plays an important role in cancer progression. 25862865 6 58 theme α2-3 915:918 arg1 sialylation 920:930 α2-3 sialylation 915:930 α2-3 sialylation of both subunits 915:947 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 59 gly sialylation 808:818 arg1 integrin 828:835 αvβ3 integrin 823:835 αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 823:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 7 60 theme antibody 1055:1062 arg1 presence 1043:1050 the presence 1039:1050 the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) 1039:1181 Metastatic melanoma migration on vitronectin (VN) was reduced in the presence of antibody against αvβ3 and the lectins phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) in woundhealing assays. 25862865 6 61 link α2-6-linked 861:871 arg1 acid 880:883 α2-6-linked sialic acid 861:883 α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 861:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 6 62 theme subunits 940:947 arg1 sialylation 920:930 α2-3 sialylation 915:930 α2-3 sialylation of both subunits 915:947 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 8 63 from migration 1447:1455 arg1 VN 1460:1461 VN 1460:1461 VN 1460:1461 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 8 64 theme melanoma 1438:1445 arg1 migration 1447:1455 metastatic melanoma migration 1427:1455 metastatic melanoma migration on VN 1427:1461 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 8 65 theme sialylated 1385:1394 arg1 N-glycans 1409:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 4 66 theme melanoma 618:625 arg1 cells 627:631 primary and metastatic melanoma cells 595:631 primary and metastatic melanoma cells 595:631 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 8 67 theme metastatic 1427:1436 arg1 migration 1447:1455 metastatic melanoma migration 1427:1455 metastatic melanoma migration on VN 1427:1461 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 1 68 theme cancer 137:142 arg1 progression 144:154 cancer progression 137:154 cancer progression 137:154 N-glycosylation of integrins plays an important role in cancer progression. 25862865 8 69 theme αvβ3 1320:1323 arg1 glycosylation 1334:1346 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 1320:1346 αvβ3 integrin glycosylation 1320:1346 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 4 70 theme metastatic 607:616 arg1 cells 627:631 primary and metastatic melanoma cells 595:631 primary and metastatic melanoma cells 595:631 Lectin precipitation, enzyme digestion and the use of swainsonine (SW) showed that αvβ3 integrin glycosylation differs significantly between primary and metastatic melanoma cells. 25862865 6 71 theme related 837:843 arg1 integrin 828:835 αvβ3 integrin 823:835 αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression 823:894 We also observed a shift in the sialylation of αvβ3 integrin related to reduction of α2-6-linked sialic acid expression and an increase of α2-3 sialylation of both subunits in melanoma progression. 25862865 8 72 theme competence 1259:1268 arg1 acquisition 1233:1243 the acquisition 1229:1243 the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells 1229:1286 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 8 73 theme metastatic 1248:1257 arg1 competence 1259:1268 metastatic competence 1248:1268 metastatic competence 1248:1268 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 0 74 theme melanoma 59:66 arg1 progression 68:78 melanoma progression 59:78 melanoma progression 59:78 Aberrant glycosylation of αvβ3 integrin is associated with melanoma progression. 25862865 2 75 theme glycans 259:265 arg1 role 247:250 the role 243:250 the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis 243:282 Increased αvβ3 integrin expression during melanoma progression is well-documented but the role of its glycans in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. 25862865 8 76 gly sialylated 1385:1394 arg1 N-glycans 1409:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans 1357:1417 Our results show that the acquisition of metastatic competence by melanoma cells is accompanied by alteration of αvβ3 integrin glycosylation and that both αvβ3 and β1-6-branched sialylated complex-type N-glycans promote metastatic melanoma migration on VN. 25862865 5 77 with structures 647:656 arg1 GlcNAc 714:719 GlcNAc 714:719 GlcNAc 714:719 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 25862865 5 77 with structures 647:656 arg1 N-acetylglucosamine 693:711 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine 683:711 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 683:720 High-mannose structures and complex glycans with bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) were more abundant in both subunits of primary cells. 24299828 2 0 contain contained 262:270 arg2 polysaccharides 279:293 pectic polysaccharides 272:293 pectic polysaccharides 272:293 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 0 contain contained 262:270 arg1 extracts 219:226 The hot-water extracts 205:226 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) 205:260 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 0 contain contained 262:270 arg1 100°C 232:236 IB 100°C 229:236 IB 100°C 229:236 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 0 contain contained 262:270 arg1 140°C 242:246 IB 140°C 239:246 IB 140°C 239:246 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 0 contain contained 262:270 arg1 160°C 255:259 IB 160°C 252:259 IB 160°C 252:259 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 7 1 theme IB 966:967 arg1 160°C 969:973 IB 160°C 966:973 IB 160°C 966:973 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 3 2 theme large 466:470 arg1 domain 496:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain 464:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans 464:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 0 3 theme immunomodulating 61:76 arg1 activities 78:87 immunomodulating activities 61:87 immunomodulating activities 61:87 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 6 4 theme macrophage 807:816 arg1 stimulation 818:828 macrophage stimulation 807:828 macrophage stimulation 807:828 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 6 4 theme macrophage 807:816 arg1 activities 764:773 two biological activities 749:773 two biological activities 749:773 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 3 5 theme rhamnogalacturonan 472:489 arg1 domain 496:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain 464:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans 464:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 7 6 theme fixation 873:880 arg1 activity 882:889 the highest complement fixation activity 850:889 the highest complement fixation activity 850:889 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 8 7 theme 160°C. 1112:1117 arg1 IB 1119:1120 IB 160°C. IB 1109:1120 IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin 1109:1210 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 2 8 theme IB 239:240 arg1 extracts 219:226 The hot-water extracts 205:226 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) 205:260 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 8 theme IB 239:240 arg1 140°C 242:246 IB 140°C 239:246 IB 140°C 239:246 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 8 9 theme IB 1109:1110 arg1 IB 1119:1120 IB 160°C. IB 1109:1120 IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin 1109:1210 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 3 10 with ramified 503:510 arg1 arabinans 533:541 highly-branched arabinans 517:541 highly-branched arabinans 517:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 7 11 theme highest 854:860 arg1 activity 882:889 the highest complement fixation activity 850:889 the highest complement fixation activity 850:889 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 4 12 theme large 570:574 arg1 amount 576:581 a large amount 568:581 a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues 568:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 4 12 theme large 570:574 arg1 residues 604:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 6 13 theme complement 783:792 arg1 fixation 794:801 complement fixation 783:801 complement fixation 783:801 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 6 13 theme complement 783:792 arg1 activities 764:773 two biological activities 749:773 two biological activities 749:773 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 3 14 theme ramified 503:510 arg1 domain 496:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain 464:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans 464:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 7 15 theme complement 862:871 arg1 activity 882:889 the highest complement fixation activity 850:889 the highest complement fixation activity 850:889 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 3 16 theme linkage 408:414 arg1 analyses 416:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 0 17 from bark 34:37 arg1 extracts 10:17 Hot-water extracts 0:17 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 0:88 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 3 18 theme glycosidic 397:406 arg1 analyses 416:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 7 19 theme control 931:937 arg1 pectin 939:944 the control pectin 927:944 the control pectin 927:944 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 2 20 theme IB 229:230 arg1 extracts 219:226 The hot-water extracts 205:226 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) 205:260 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 20 theme IB 229:230 arg1 100°C 232:236 IB 100°C 229:236 IB 100°C 229:236 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 8 21 theme IB 1048:1049 arg1 100°C 1051:1055 IB 100°C 1048:1055 IB 100°C 1048:1055 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 8 22 theme control 1197:1203 arg1 pectin 1205:1210 the control pectin 1193:1210 the control pectin 1193:1210 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 4 23 theme polymers 660:667 arg1 presence 629:636 the presence 625:636 the presence of highly substituted polymers 625:667 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 0 24 theme Hot-water 0:8 arg1 extracts 10:17 Hot-water extracts 0:17 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 0:88 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 4 25 theme IB 544:545 arg1 100°C 547:551 IB 100°C 544:551 IB 100°C 544:551 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 2 26 theme IB 252:253 arg1 extracts 219:226 The hot-water extracts 205:226 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) 205:260 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 26 theme IB 252:253 arg1 160°C 255:259 IB 160°C 252:259 IB 160°C 252:259 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 7 27 theme IB 831:832 arg1 100°C 834:838 IB 100°C 831:838 IB 100°C 831:838 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 1 28 theme hot 168:170 arg1 water 172:176 hot water 168:176 hot water 168:176 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 6 29 theme biological 753:762 arg1 fixation 794:801 complement fixation 783:801 complement fixation 783:801 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 6 29 theme biological 753:762 arg1 stimulation 818:828 macrophage stimulation 807:828 macrophage stimulation 807:828 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 6 29 theme biological 753:762 arg1 activities 764:773 two biological activities 749:773 two biological activities 749:773 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 1 30 theme inner 94:98 arg1 bark 100:103 The inner bark 90:103 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) 90:134 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 7 31 theme IB 953:954 arg1 140°C 956:960 IB 140°C 953:960 IB 140°C 953:960 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 3 32 theme Structural 336:345 arg1 analyses 347:354 Structural analyses 336:354 Structural analyses 336:354 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 3 32 theme Structural 336:345 arg1 analyses 416:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 1 33 theme Picea 123:127 arg1 spruce 115:120 Norway spruce 108:120 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 108:134 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 1 33 theme Picea 123:127 arg1 abies 129:133 Picea abies 123:133 Picea abies 123:133 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 3 34 theme content 378:384 arg1 analyses 347:354 Structural analyses 336:354 Structural analyses 336:354 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 3 34 theme content 378:384 arg1 analyses 416:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 glycosidic linkage analyses 397:423 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 2 35 theme pectic 272:277 arg1 polysaccharides 279:293 pectic polysaccharides 272:293 pectic polysaccharides 272:293 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 36 dep extracts 219:226 arg1 extracts 219:226 The hot-water extracts 205:226 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) 205:260 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 36 dep extracts 219:226 arg1 100°C 232:236 IB 100°C 229:236 IB 100°C 229:236 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 36 dep extracts 219:226 arg1 140°C 242:246 IB 140°C 239:246 IB 140°C 239:246 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 36 dep extracts 219:226 arg1 160°C 255:259 IB 160°C 252:259 IB 160°C 252:259 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 0 37 theme inner 28:32 arg1 bark 34:37 the inner bark 24:37 the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities 24:87 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 8 38 theme IB 1061:1062 arg1 140°C 1064:1068 IB 140°C 1061:1068 IB 140°C 1061:1068 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 0 39 theme Norway 42:47 arg1 spruce 49:54 Norway spruce 42:54 Norway spruce 42:54 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 8 40 from 100°C 1051:1055 arg1 manner 1090:1095 a dose-dependent manner 1073:1095 a dose-dependent manner 1073:1095 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 4 41 contain contained 558:566 arg2 residues 604:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 4 41 contain contained 558:566 arg2 amount 576:581 a large amount 568:581 a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues 568:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 4 41 contain contained 558:566 arg1 100°C 547:551 IB 100°C 544:551 IB 100°C 544:551 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 3 42 theme carbohydrate 365:376 arg1 content 378:384 their carbohydrate content 359:384 their carbohydrate content 359:384 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 5 43 theme IB 670:671 arg1 160°C 673:677 IB 160°C 670:677 IB 160°C 670:677 IB 160°C was mainly composed of starch. 24299828 3 44 with pectins 451:457 arg1 domain 496:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain 464:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans 464:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 7 45 theme similar 980:986 arg1 values 994:999 similar ICH50 values 980:999 similar ICH50 values 980:999 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 7 45 theme similar 980:986 arg1 control 1008:1014 the control 1004:1014 the control 1004:1014 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 1 46 theme Norway 108:113 arg1 spruce 115:120 Norway spruce 108:120 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 108:134 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 1 46 theme Norway 108:113 arg1 abies 129:133 Picea abies 123:133 Picea abies 123:133 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 7 47 theme higher 909:914 arg1 ICH50 916:920 a 1.7-times higher ICH50 897:920 a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin 897:944 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 4 48 theme substituted 648:658 arg1 polymers 660:667 highly substituted polymers 641:667 highly substituted polymers 641:667 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 7 49 theme ICH50 988:992 arg1 values 994:999 similar ICH50 values 980:999 similar ICH50 values 980:999 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 7 49 theme ICH50 988:992 arg1 control 1008:1014 the control 1004:1014 the control 1004:1014 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 1 50 theme spruce 115:120 arg1 bark 100:103 The inner bark 90:103 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) 90:134 The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100°C, 140°C and 160°C. 24299828 4 51 theme terminal 586:593 arg1 residues 604:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 8 52 theme dose-dependent 1075:1088 arg1 manner 1090:1095 a dose-dependent manner 1073:1095 a dose-dependent manner 1073:1095 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 3 53 theme highly-branched 517:531 arg1 arabinans 533:541 highly-branched arabinans 517:541 highly-branched arabinans 517:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 3 54 theme pectins 451:457 arg1 presence 439:446 the presence 435:446 the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans 435:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 8 55 theme comparable 1179:1188 arg1 activity 1150:1157 the highest activity 1138:1157 the highest activity 1138:1157 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 2 56 theme hot-water 209:217 arg1 extracts 219:226 The hot-water extracts 205:226 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) 205:260 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 56 theme hot-water 209:217 arg1 100°C 232:236 IB 100°C 229:236 IB 100°C 229:236 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 56 theme hot-water 209:217 arg1 140°C 242:246 IB 140°C 239:246 IB 140°C 239:246 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 2 56 theme hot-water 209:217 arg1 160°C 255:259 IB 160°C 252:259 IB 160°C 252:259 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 6 57 theme hot-water 714:722 arg1 extracts 724:731 The hot-water extracts 710:731 The hot-water extracts 710:731 The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. 24299828 3 58 theme RG-I 491:494 arg1 domain 496:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain 464:501 a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans 464:541 Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. 24299828 7 59 theme 1.7-times 899:907 arg1 ICH50 916:920 a 1.7-times higher ICH50 897:920 a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin 897:944 IB 100°C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140°C and IB 160°C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. 24299828 4 60 theme residues 604:611 arg1 amount 576:581 a large amount 568:581 a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues 568:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 4 60 theme residues 604:611 arg1 residues 604:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 24299828 0 61 theme spruce 49:54 arg1 bark 34:37 the inner bark 24:37 the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities 24:87 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 8 62 theme highest 1142:1148 arg1 activity 1150:1157 the highest activity 1138:1157 the highest activity 1138:1157 Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100°C and IB 140°C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160°C. IB 100°C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin. 24299828 0 63 with bark 34:37 arg1 activities 78:87 immunomodulating activities 61:87 immunomodulating activities 61:87 Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities. 24299828 2 64 theme immunostimulating 306:322 arg1 activities 324:333 immunostimulating activities 306:333 immunostimulating activities 306:333 The hot-water extracts (IB 100°C, IB 140°C and IB 160°C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. 24299828 4 65 theme glucosyl 595:602 arg1 residues 604:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 terminal glucosyl residues 586:611 IB 100°C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. 27106153 7 0 theme antioxidant 936:946 arg1 activities 948:957 strong potential antioxidant activities 919:957 strong potential antioxidant activities in the order of FVRP-150%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 7 6 theme GlcNAc₂ 1423:1429 arg1 structure 1409:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 1 7 theme anthrax 190:196 arg1 action 204:209 anthrax toxin action 190:209 anthrax toxin action 190:209 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 4 8 theme days 825:828 arg1 post-infiltration 830:846 eight days post-infiltration 819:846 eight days post-infiltration 819:846 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 6 9 theme rCMG2-Fc-Apo 1248:1259 arg1 protein 1261:1267 purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1239:1267 purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1239:1267 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 2 10 theme fusion 310:315 arg1 protein 317:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein 285:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 285:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 4 11 theme leaf 891:894 arg1 weight 896:901 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 875:901 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 875:901 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 5 12 theme wash 1040:1043 arg1 fluid 1045:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 2 13 theme anthrax 296:302 arg1 protein 317:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein 285:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 285:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 6 14 theme purified 1239:1246 arg1 protein 1261:1267 purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1239:1267 purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1239:1267 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 6 15 theme complex 1326:1332 arg1 structures 1339:1348 complex type structures 1326:1348 complex type structures in both protein samples 1326:1372 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 3 16 theme Mosaic 587:592 arg1 promoter 611:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 7 17 from GlcNAc₂ 1444:1450 arg1 rCMG2-Fc-Apo 1455:1466 rCMG2-Fc-Apo 1455:1466 rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid 1455:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 2 18 theme expression 546:555 arg1 system 557:562 a transient expression system 534:562 a transient expression system 534:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 3 19 theme recombinant 718:728 arg1 accumulation 765:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 5 20 theme leaf 1014:1017 arg1 extract 1019:1025 whole leaf extract 1008:1025 whole leaf extract 1008:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 4 21 theme mg/kg 879:883 arg1 weight 896:901 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 875:901 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 875:901 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 3 22 theme accumulation 765:776 arg1 level 709:713 a high level 702:713 a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 702:776 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 1 23 theme toxin 136:140 arg1 development 165:175 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development 128:175 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action 128:209 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 2 24 theme human 472:476 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 5 25 theme gel 1098:1100 arg1 electrophoresis 1102:1116 non-reducing gel electrophoresis 1085:1116 non-reducing gel electrophoresis 1085:1116 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 1 26 theme drug 160:163 arg1 development 165:175 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development 128:175 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action 128:209 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 0 27 from Purification 12:23 arg1 benthamiana 115:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 0 28 theme Anthrax 73:79 arg1 Protein 94:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 2 29 theme Nicotiana 499:507 arg1 plants 521:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 499:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 499:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 0 30 from Expression 0:9 arg1 benthamiana 115:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 0 31 theme Fusion 87:92 arg1 Protein 94:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 5 32 theme homodimeric 1062:1072 arg1 form 1074:1077 the homodimeric form 1058:1077 the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis 1058:1147 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 2 33 theme G1 493:494 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 2 33 theme G1 493:494 arg1 domain 462:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain 429:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 429:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 0 34 from Characterization 42:57 arg1 benthamiana 115:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 2 35 theme CMG2 393:396 arg1 protein 399:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein 351:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 351:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 9 36 theme apoplast 1816:1823 arg1 targeting 1825:1833 apoplast targeting 1816:1833 apoplast targeting 1816:1833 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 5 37 theme affinity 938:945 arg1 purification 962:973 A affinity chromatography purification 936:973 A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract 936:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 9 38 theme Nicotiana 1782:1790 arg1 plants 1804:1809 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 1782:1809 Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting 1782:1833 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 9 39 theme rCMG2-Fc-Apo 1726:1737 arg1 production 1712:1721 high-level production 1701:1721 high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo 1701:1737 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 2 40 theme gene-2 385:390 arg1 protein 399:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein 351:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 351:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 5 41 theme molecular 1163:1171 arg1 integrity 1173:1181 the molecular integrity 1159:1181 the molecular integrity of the secreted protein 1159:1205 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 9 42 from production 1768:1777 arg1 plants 1804:1809 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 1782:1809 Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting 1782:1833 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 2 43 theme Fc 458:459 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 2 43 theme Fc 458:459 arg1 domain 462:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain 429:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 429:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 2 44 theme protein 399:405 arg1 portion 340:346 a portion 338:346 a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 338:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 5 45 theme spectrometry 1127:1138 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis 1085:1147 non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis 1085:1147 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 7 46 theme leaf 1489:1492 arg1 extract 1494:1500 whole leaf extract 1483:1500 whole leaf extract 1483:1500 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 5 47 theme protein 995:1001 arg1 fluid 1045:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 5 47 theme protein 995:1001 arg1 purification 962:973 A affinity chromatography purification 936:973 A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract 936:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 2 48 theme crystallizable 442:455 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 2 48 theme crystallizable 442:455 arg1 domain 462:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain 429:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 429:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 8 49 theme mannose 1532:1538 arg1 structures 1549:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures 1527:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures 1527:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. 28054967 4 50 dep post-infiltration 830:846 arg1 up 813:814 up 813:814 up 813:814 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 5 51 theme whole 1008:1012 arg1 extract 1019:1025 whole leaf extract 1008:1025 whole leaf extract 1008:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 2 52 theme capillary 361:369 arg1 protein 399:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein 351:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 351:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 8 53 theme protein 1638:1644 arg1 secretion 1646:1654 the protein secretion 1634:1654 the protein secretion 1634:1654 High mannose N-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. 28054967 5 54 theme secreted 1190:1197 arg1 protein 1199:1205 the secreted protein 1186:1205 the secreted protein 1186:1205 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 7 55 theme Fuc 1440:1442 arg1 GlcNAc₂ 1444:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ 1423:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid 1423:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 7 55 theme Fuc 1440:1442 arg1 structure 1409:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 8 56 theme apoplast 1585:1592 arg1 preparation 1605:1615 the apoplast wash fluid preparation 1581:1615 the apoplast wash fluid preparation 1581:1615 High mannose N-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. 28054967 2 57 theme secreted 287:294 arg1 protein 317:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein 285:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 285:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 7 58 theme Man₃ 1435:1438 arg1 GlcNAc₂ 1444:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ 1423:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid 1423:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 7 58 theme Man₃ 1435:1438 arg1 structure 1409:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 8 59 theme fluid 1599:1603 arg1 preparation 1605:1615 the apoplast wash fluid preparation 1581:1615 the apoplast wash fluid preparation 1581:1615 High mannose N-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. 28054967 6 60 gly N-glycosylation 1212:1226 arg1 protein 1261:1267 purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1239:1267 purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1239:1267 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 7 61 dep abundant 1384:1391 arg1 % 1397:1397 >50% 1394:1397 >50% 1394:1397 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 2 62 theme fragment 433:440 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 2 62 theme fragment 433:440 arg1 domain 462:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain 429:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 429:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 7 63 theme Xyl 1431:1433 arg1 GlcNAc₂ 1444:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ 1423:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid 1423:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 7 63 theme Xyl 1431:1433 arg1 structure 1409:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 5 64 from extract 1019:1025 arg1 fluid 1045:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 5 64 from extract 1019:1025 arg1 purification 962:973 A affinity chromatography purification 936:973 A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract 936:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 6 65 theme protein 1261:1267 arg1 pattern 1228:1234 The N-glycosylation pattern 1208:1234 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1208:1267 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 9 66 with plants 1804:1809 arg1 targeting 1825:1833 apoplast targeting 1816:1833 apoplast targeting 1816:1833 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 1 67 theme toxin 198:202 arg1 action 204:209 anthrax toxin action 190:209 anthrax toxin action 190:209 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 7 68 theme N-glycan 1400:1407 arg1 GlcNAc₂ 1444:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ 1423:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid 1423:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 7 68 theme N-glycan 1400:1407 arg1 structure 1409:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 2 69 theme decoy 304:308 arg1 protein 317:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein 285:323 a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 285:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 3 70 with promoter 611:618 arg1 gene 651:654 the p19 gene 643:654 the p19 gene 643:654 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 4 71 theme fresh 885:889 arg1 weight 896:901 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 875:901 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 875:901 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 2 72 from domain 462:467 arg1 plants 521:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 499:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 499:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 3 73 theme high 704:707 arg1 level 709:713 a high level 702:713 a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 702:776 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 6 74 theme type 1334:1337 arg1 structures 1339:1348 complex type structures 1326:1348 complex type structures in both protein samples 1326:1372 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 3 75 theme Cauliflower 575:585 arg1 promoter 611:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 3 76 with co-expression 624:636 arg1 gene 651:654 the p19 gene 643:654 the p19 gene 643:654 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 1 77 theme much 224:227 arg1 attention 229:237 much attention 224:237 much attention 224:237 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 4 78 theme weight 896:901 arg1 production 861:870 maximum production 853:870 maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 853:901 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 3 79 theme rCMG2-Fc-Apo 743:754 arg1 accumulation 765:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 9 80 theme high-level 1701:1710 arg1 production 1712:1721 high-level production 1701:1721 high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo 1701:1737 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 2 81 from G1 493:494 arg1 plants 521:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 499:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 499:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 6 82 theme N-glycosylation 1212:1226 arg1 pattern 1228:1234 The N-glycosylation pattern 1208:1234 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 1208:1267 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 3 83 theme CMG2-Fc-Apo 730:740 arg1 accumulation 765:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 6 84 theme N-glycans 1304:1312 arg1 portion 1293:1299 the major portion 1283:1299 the major portion of N-glycans 1283:1312 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 3 85 theme CaMV 601:604 arg1 promoter 611:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 1 86 theme Anthrax 128:134 arg1 toxin 136:140 Anthrax toxin 128:140 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action 128:209 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 2 87 theme transient 536:544 arg1 system 557:562 a transient expression system 534:562 a transient expression system 534:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 4 88 located observed 907:914 arg1 day 919:921 day six 919:925 day six 919:925 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 4 88 located observed 907:914 arg2 production 861:870 maximum production 853:870 maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight 853:901 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 5 89 dep Protein 928:934 arg1 fluid 1045:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 5 89 dep Protein 928:934 arg1 purification 962:973 A affinity chromatography purification 936:973 A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract 936:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 0 90 theme Secreted 64:71 arg1 Protein 94:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 5 91 theme apoplast 1031:1038 arg1 fluid 1045:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 apoplast wash fluid 1031:1049 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 3 92 theme Virus 594:598 arg1 promoter 611:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 1 93 theme receptor-mediated 142:158 arg1 development 165:175 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development 128:175 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action 128:209 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 2 94 from plants 521:526 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 2 94 from plants 521:526 arg1 domain 462:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain 429:467 the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 429:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 3 95 theme protein 757:763 arg1 accumulation 765:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation 718:776 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 0 96 theme Decoy 81:85 arg1 Protein 94:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein 62:100 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 5 97 theme electrophoresis 1102:1116 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis 1085:1147 non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis 1085:1147 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 0 98 theme Protein 94:100 arg1 Purification 12:23 Purification 12:23 Purification 12:23 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 0 98 theme Protein 94:100 arg1 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression 0:9 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 0 98 theme Protein 94:100 arg1 Characterization 42:57 Biophysical Characterization 30:57 Biophysical Characterization 30:57 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 5 99 theme mass 1122:1125 arg1 spectrometry 1127:1138 mass spectrometry 1122:1138 mass spectrometry 1122:1138 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 7 100 theme wash 1515:1518 arg1 fluid 1520:1524 apoplast wash fluid 1506:1524 apoplast wash fluid 1506:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 9 101 theme transient 1758:1766 arg1 production 1768:1777 transient production 1758:1777 transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting 1758:1833 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 0 102 theme Nicotiana 105:113 arg1 benthamiana 115:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Nicotiana benthamiana 105:125 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 2 103 theme immunoglobulin 478:491 arg1 G1 493:494 human immunoglobulin G1 472:494 human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 472:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 1 104 theme recent 242:247 arg1 decades 249:255 recent decades 242:255 recent decades 242:255 Anthrax toxin receptor-mediated drug development for blocking anthrax toxin action has received much attention in recent decades. 28054967 6 105 theme protein 1358:1364 arg1 samples 1366:1372 both protein samples 1353:1372 both protein samples 1353:1372 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 5 106 theme non-reducing 1085:1096 arg1 electrophoresis 1102:1116 non-reducing gel electrophoresis 1085:1116 non-reducing gel electrophoresis 1085:1116 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 9 107 theme benthamiana 1792:1802 arg1 plants 1804:1809 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 1782:1809 Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting 1782:1833 Altogether, these findings demonstrate that high-level production of rCMG2-Fc-Apo can be achieved by transient production in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with apoplast targeting. 28054967 2 108 theme morphogenesis 371:383 arg1 protein 399:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein 351:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 351:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 7 109 theme abundant 1384:1391 arg1 GlcNAc₂ 1444:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ 1423:1450 GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid 1423:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 7 109 theme abundant 1384:1391 arg1 structure 1409:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure 1375:1417 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 8 110 theme High 1527:1530 arg1 structures 1549:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures 1527:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures 1527:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. 28054967 0 111 theme Biophysical 30:40 arg1 Characterization 42:57 Biophysical Characterization 30:57 Biophysical Characterization 30:57 Expression, Purification, and Biophysical Characterization of a Secreted Anthrax Decoy Fusion Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. 28054967 6 112 from structures 1339:1348 arg1 samples 1366:1372 both protein samples 1353:1372 both protein samples 1353:1372 The N-glycosylation pattern of purified rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein was analysed; the major portion of N-glycans consists of complex type structures in both protein samples. 28054967 7 113 theme apoplast 1506:1513 arg1 fluid 1520:1524 apoplast wash fluid 1506:1524 apoplast wash fluid 1506:1524 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 5 114 theme rCMG2-Fc-Apo 982:993 arg1 protein 995:1001 the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 978:1001 the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein 978:1001 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 8 115 theme N-glycan 1540:1547 arg1 structures 1549:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures 1527:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures 1527:1558 High mannose N-glycan structures were not detected in the apoplast wash fluid preparation, which confirmed the protein secretion. 28054967 3 116 theme 35S 607:609 arg1 promoter 611:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter 571:618 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 4 117 theme Production 779:788 arg1 kinetics 790:797 Production kinetics 779:797 Production kinetics 779:797 Production kinetics were observed up to eight days post-infiltration, and maximum production of 826 mg/kg fresh leaf weight was observed on day six. 28054967 2 118 theme benthamiana 509:519 arg1 plants 521:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants 499:526 Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 499:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 28054967 3 119 theme p19 647:649 arg1 gene 651:654 the p19 gene 643:654 the p19 gene 643:654 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 7 120 theme whole 1483:1487 arg1 extract 1494:1500 whole leaf extract 1483:1500 whole leaf extract 1483:1500 The most abundant (>50%) N-glycan structure was GlcNAc₂(Xyl)Man₃(Fuc)GlcNAc₂ in rCMG2-Fc-Apo recovered from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid. 28054967 5 121 theme chromatography 947:960 arg1 purification 962:973 A affinity chromatography purification 936:973 A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract 936:1025 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 5 122 dep showed 1051:1056 arg1 confirmed 1149:1157 confirmed 1149:1157 showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein 1051:1205 Protein A affinity chromatography purification of the rCMG2-Fc-Apo protein from whole leaf extract and apoplast wash fluid showed the homodimeric form under non-reducing gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the molecular integrity of the secreted protein. 28054967 3 123 dep promoter 611:618 arg1 suppressor 666:675 silencing suppressor 656:675 silencing suppressor 656:675 Using the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and co-expression with the p19 gene silencing suppressor, we were able to achieve a high level of recombinant CMG2-Fc-Apo (rCMG2-Fc-Apo) protein accumulation. 28054967 2 124 theme human 355:359 arg1 protein 399:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein 351:405 the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system 351:562 In this study, we produced a secreted anthrax decoy fusion protein comprised of a portion of the human capillary morphogenesis gene-2 (CMG2) protein fused via a linker to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of human immunoglobulin G1 in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a transient expression system. 24272369 0 0 theme fruiting 89:96 arg1 bodies 98:103 Tuber fruiting bodies 83:103 Tuber fruiting bodies 83:103 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 3 1 theme fermentation 739:750 arg1 system 752:757 fermentation system 739:757 fermentation system 739:757 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 2 2 from system 427:432 arg1 Polysaccharides 387:401 Polysaccharides 387:401 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system 387:432 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 3 with elution 346:352 arg1 column 379:384 an activated carbon column 359:384 an activated carbon column 359:384 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 4 theme aestivum 259:266 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 0 5 theme Tuber 83:87 arg1 bodies 98:103 Tuber fruiting bodies 83:103 Tuber fruiting bodies 83:103 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 1 6 theme fermentation 179:190 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 4 7 theme antitumor 919:927 arg1 activity 929:936 antitumor activity 919:936 antitumor activity 919:936 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification indicated that the polysaccharide fractions could promote antitumor activity. 24272369 3 8 theme fruiting 719:726 arg1 bodies 728:733 Tuber fruiting bodies 713:733 Tuber fruiting bodies 713:733 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 1 9 theme fruiting 276:283 arg1 bodies 285:290 the fruiting bodies 272:290 the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 272:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 10 attach isolated 161:168 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 10 attach isolated 161:168 arg2 polysaccharides 140:154 Fifty-two polysaccharides 130:154 Fifty-two polysaccharides 130:154 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 5 11 theme fruiting 1041:1048 arg1 bodies 1050:1055 Tuber fruiting bodies 1035:1055 Tuber fruiting bodies 1035:1055 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher than that from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 0 12 theme fermentation 109:120 arg1 system 122:127 fermentation system 109:127 fermentation system 109:127 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 1 13 theme activated 362:370 arg1 column 379:384 an activated carbon column 359:384 an activated carbon column 359:384 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 3 14 from system 752:757 arg1 polysaccharides 692:706 the polysaccharides 688:706 the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 688:757 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 5 15 from system 985:990 arg1 polysaccharides 945:959 Tuber polysaccharides 939:959 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system 939:990 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher than that from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 3 16 theme chemical 774:781 arg1 compositions 783:794 identical chemical compositions 764:794 identical chemical compositions 764:794 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 2 17 theme vitro 465:469 arg1 activity 481:488 vitro antitumor activity 465:488 vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells 465:543 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 18 theme carbon 372:377 arg1 column 379:384 an activated carbon column 359:384 an activated carbon column 359:384 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 19 theme Tuber 203:207 arg1 melanosporum 209:220 Tuber melanosporum 203:220 Tuber melanosporum 203:220 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 6 20 theme Tuber 1097:1101 arg1 mycelia 1116:1122 Tuber fermentation mycelia 1097:1122 Tuber fermentation mycelia 1097:1122 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 21 theme bodies 285:290 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 4 22 theme polysaccharide 880:893 arg1 fractions 895:903 the polysaccharide fractions 876:903 the polysaccharide fractions 876:903 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification indicated that the polysaccharide fractions could promote antitumor activity. 24272369 1 23 theme melanosporum 209:220 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 3 24 from bodies 728:733 arg1 polysaccharides 692:706 the polysaccharides 688:706 the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 688:757 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 3 25 theme identical 764:772 arg1 compositions 783:794 identical chemical compositions 764:794 identical chemical compositions 764:794 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 6 26 theme mycelia 1116:1122 arg1 potential 1084:1092 the potential 1080:1092 the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use 1080:1130 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 6 26 theme mycelia 1116:1122 arg1 resource 1150:1157 an alternative resource 1135:1157 an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies 1135:1181 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 27 theme Tuber 295:299 arg1 indicum 301:307 Tuber indicum 295:307 Tuber indicum 295:307 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 27 theme Tuber 295:299 arg1 himalayense 316:326 Tuber himalayense 310:326 Tuber himalayense 310:326 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 27 theme Tuber 295:299 arg1 sinense 335:341 Tuber sinense 329:341 Tuber sinense 329:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 3 28 contain have 759:762 arg1 polysaccharides 692:706 the polysaccharides 688:706 the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 688:757 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 3 28 contain have 759:762 arg2 compositions 783:794 identical chemical compositions 764:794 identical chemical compositions 764:794 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 1 29 theme Tuber 223:227 arg1 indicum 229:235 Tuber indicum 223:235 Tuber indicum 223:235 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 30 theme indicum 301:307 arg1 bodies 285:290 the fruiting bodies 272:290 the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 272:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 30 theme indicum 301:307 arg1 melanosporum 209:220 Tuber melanosporum 203:220 Tuber melanosporum 203:220 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 30 theme indicum 301:307 arg1 indicum 229:235 Tuber indicum 223:235 Tuber indicum 223:235 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 30 theme indicum 301:307 arg1 sinense 244:250 Tuber sinense 238:250 Tuber sinense 238:250 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 30 theme indicum 301:307 arg1 aestivum 259:266 Tuber aestivum 253:266 Tuber aestivum 253:266 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 2 31 theme fermentation 414:425 arg1 system 427:432 Tuber fermentation system 408:432 Tuber fermentation system 408:432 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 4 32 theme structural 835:844 arg1 identification 846:859 structural identification 835:859 structural identification 835:859 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification indicated that the polysaccharide fractions could promote antitumor activity. 24272369 1 33 theme indicum 229:235 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 0 34 theme polysaccharides 34:48 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 0 34 theme polysaccharides 34:48 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 2 35 theme HL-60 533:537 arg1 cells 539:543 HL-60 cells 533:543 HL-60 cells 533:543 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 5 36 theme fermentation 972:983 arg1 system 985:990 Tuber fermentation system 966:990 Tuber fermentation system 966:990 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher than that from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 2 37 theme Tuber 408:412 arg1 system 427:432 Tuber fermentation system 408:432 Tuber fermentation system 408:432 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 0 38 theme antitumor 59:67 arg1 activity 69:76 the antitumor activity 55:76 the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 55:127 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 1 39 theme Tuber 310:314 arg1 indicum 301:307 Tuber indicum 295:307 Tuber indicum 295:307 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 39 theme Tuber 310:314 arg1 himalayense 316:326 Tuber himalayense 310:326 Tuber himalayense 310:326 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 6 40 theme fermentation 1103:1114 arg1 mycelia 1116:1122 Tuber fermentation mycelia 1097:1122 Tuber fermentation mycelia 1097:1122 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 5 41 theme Tuber 1035:1039 arg1 bodies 1050:1055 Tuber fruiting bodies 1035:1055 Tuber fruiting bodies 1035:1055 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher than that from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 0 42 with characterization 14:29 arg1 activity 69:76 the antitumor activity 55:76 the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 55:127 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 5 43 theme Tuber 966:970 arg1 system 985:990 Tuber fermentation system 966:990 Tuber fermentation system 966:990 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher than that from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 2 44 theme antitumor 471:479 arg1 activity 481:488 vitro antitumor activity 465:488 vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells 465:543 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 3 45 theme Tuber 713:717 arg1 bodies 728:733 Tuber fruiting bodies 713:733 Tuber fruiting bodies 713:733 All polysaccharides were mainly composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose, which suggested that the polysaccharides from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system have identical chemical compositions. 24272369 2 46 theme fruiting 567:574 arg1 bodies 576:581 Tuber fruiting bodies 561:581 Tuber fruiting bodies 561:581 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 0 47 from system 122:127 arg1 activity 69:76 the antitumor activity 55:76 the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 55:127 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 4 48 theme identification 846:859 arg1 results 801:807 The results 797:807 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification 797:859 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification indicated that the polysaccharide fractions could promote antitumor activity. 24272369 1 49 theme Fifty-two 130:138 arg1 polysaccharides 140:154 Fifty-two polysaccharides 130:154 Fifty-two polysaccharides 130:154 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 2 50 theme Tuber 561:565 arg1 bodies 576:581 Tuber fruiting bodies 561:581 Tuber fruiting bodies 561:581 Polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, A549, HCT-116, SK-BR-3, and HL-60 cells than those from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 0 51 with Isolation 0:8 arg1 activity 69:76 the antitumor activity 55:76 the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 55:127 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 1 52 theme Tuber 238:242 arg1 sinense 244:250 Tuber sinense 238:250 Tuber sinense 238:250 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 6 53 theme fruiting 1167:1174 arg1 bodies 1176:1181 its fruiting bodies 1163:1181 its fruiting bodies 1163:1181 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 54 theme sinense 244:250 arg1 systems 192:198 the fermentation systems 175:198 the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense 175:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 0 55 from bodies 98:103 arg1 activity 69:76 the antitumor activity 55:76 the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system 55:127 Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from Tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. 24272369 4 56 theme activity 822:829 arg1 results 801:807 The results 797:807 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification 797:859 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification indicated that the polysaccharide fractions could promote antitumor activity. 24272369 6 57 theme alternative 1138:1148 arg1 potential 1084:1092 the potential 1080:1092 the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use 1080:1130 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 6 57 theme alternative 1138:1148 arg1 resource 1150:1157 an alternative resource 1135:1157 an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies 1135:1181 These results confirm the potential of Tuber fermentation mycelia for use as an alternative resource for its fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 58 theme Tuber 329:333 arg1 indicum 301:307 Tuber indicum 295:307 Tuber indicum 295:307 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 1 58 theme Tuber 329:333 arg1 sinense 335:341 Tuber sinense 329:341 Tuber sinense 329:341 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 24272369 4 59 theme antitumor 812:820 arg1 activity 822:829 antitumor activity 812:829 antitumor activity 812:829 The results of antitumor activity and structural identification indicated that the polysaccharide fractions could promote antitumor activity. 24272369 5 60 theme Tuber 939:943 arg1 polysaccharides 945:959 Tuber polysaccharides 939:959 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system 939:990 Tuber polysaccharides from Tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher than that from Tuber fruiting bodies. 24272369 1 61 theme Tuber 253:257 arg1 aestivum 259:266 Tuber aestivum 253:266 Tuber aestivum 253:266 Fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber sinense, Tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of Tuber indicum, Tuber himalayense, Tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. 26512888 5 0 theme glycan 731:736 arg1 protein 771:777 not the protein 763:777 not the protein 763:777 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 5 0 theme glycan 731:736 arg1 portion 738:744 the glycan portion 727:744 the glycan portion of the molecule 727:760 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 4 1 theme Relative 434:441 arg1 contributions 443:455 Relative contributions 434:455 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding 434:504 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 7 2 from epithelia 1030:1038 arg1 present 995:1001 present 995:1001 present 995:1001 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 4 3 theme gangliosides 460:471 arg1 contributions 443:455 Relative contributions 434:455 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding 434:504 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 1 4 theme cell 153:156 arg1 receptors 166:174 cell surface receptors 153:174 cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB) 153:200 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 5 5 theme CTB-binding 680:690 arg1 glycoprotein 692:703 one CTB-binding glycoprotein 676:703 one CTB-binding glycoprotein 676:703 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 7 6 theme CTB-binding 953:963 arg1 glycoproteins 977:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 3 7 theme surface 411:417 arg1 glycoproteins 419:431 cell surface glycoproteins 406:431 cell surface glycoproteins 406:431 Here we report that CTB binds cell surface glycoproteins. 26512888 6 8 theme fucosylated 837:847 arg1 structures 849:858 fucosylated structures 837:858 fucosylated structures 837:858 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 4 9 gly glycoproteins 554:566 arg1 glycoproteins 554:566 glycoproteins 554:566 glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines 554:599 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 1 10 theme surface 158:164 arg1 receptors 166:174 cell surface receptors 153:174 cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB) 153:200 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 6 11 theme cell 934:937 arg1 intoxication 939:950 subsequent host cell intoxication 918:950 subsequent host cell intoxication 918:950 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 4 12 theme colonic 571:577 arg1 lines 595:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 1 13 theme Cholera 86:92 arg1 CT 101:102 CT 101:102 CT 101:102 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 1 13 theme Cholera 86:92 arg1 toxin 94:98 Cholera toxin 86:98 Cholera toxin (CT) 86:103 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 6 14 theme colonic 885:891 arg1 line 909:912 a colonic epithelial cell line 883:912 a colonic epithelial cell line 883:912 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 7 15 gly glycoproteins 977:989 arg1 glycoproteins 977:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 5 16 gly glycoprotein 692:703 arg1 glycoprotein 692:703 one CTB-binding glycoprotein 676:703 one CTB-binding glycoprotein 676:703 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 7 17 theme intestinal 1019:1028 arg1 epithelia 1030:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 6 18 theme CTB 868:870 arg1 entry 872:876 CTB entry 868:876 CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication 868:950 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 6 19 theme host 929:932 arg1 intoxication 939:950 subsequent host cell intoxication 918:950 subsequent host cell intoxication 918:950 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 3 20 gly glycoproteins 419:431 arg1 glycoproteins 419:431 cell surface glycoproteins 406:431 cell surface glycoproteins 406:431 Here we report that CTB binds cell surface glycoproteins. 26512888 6 21 theme subsequent 918:927 arg1 intoxication 939:950 subsequent host cell intoxication 918:950 subsequent host cell intoxication 918:950 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 2 22 theme sole 257:260 arg1 GM1 232:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 2 22 theme sole 257:260 arg1 receptor 265:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 1 23 theme B 186:186 arg1 subunit 188:194 its B subunit 182:194 its B subunit (CTB) 182:200 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 1 23 theme B 186:186 arg1 CTB 197:199 CTB 197:199 CTB 197:199 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 2 24 theme CT 262:263 arg1 GM1 232:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 2 24 theme CT 262:263 arg1 receptor 265:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 4 25 theme cell 516:519 arg1 type 521:524 cell type 516:524 cell type 516:524 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 2 26 theme CT 354:355 arg1 internalization 335:349 internalization 335:349 internalization of CT 335:355 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 0 27 theme functional 46:55 arg1 receptors 57:65 functional receptors 46:65 functional receptors for cholera toxin 46:83 Fucosylation and protein glycosylation create functional receptors for cholera toxin. 26512888 5 28 theme CTB 793:795 arg1 motif 809:813 the CTB interaction motif 789:813 the CTB interaction motif 789:813 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 2 29 theme ganglioside 207:217 arg1 receptor 265:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 2 29 theme ganglioside 207:217 arg1 GM1 232:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 4 30 theme cell 590:593 arg1 lines 595:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 4 31 theme glycoproteins 477:489 arg1 contributions 443:455 Relative contributions 434:455 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding 434:504 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 7 32 located present 995:1001 arg2 glycoproteins 977:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 7 32 located present 995:1001 arg1 epithelia 1030:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 4 33 theme epithelial 579:588 arg1 lines 595:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 5 34 theme molecule 753:760 arg1 protein 771:777 not the protein 763:777 not the protein 763:777 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 5 34 theme molecule 753:760 arg1 portion 738:744 the glycan portion 727:744 the glycan portion of the molecule 727:760 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 6 35 theme cell 904:907 arg1 line 909:912 a colonic epithelial cell line 883:912 a colonic epithelial cell line 883:912 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 7 36 theme human 1013:1017 arg1 epithelia 1030:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 4 37 theme CTB 494:496 arg1 binding 498:504 CTB binding 494:504 CTB binding 494:504 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 5 38 theme incorporated 624:635 arg1 sugar 655:659 a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar 608:659 a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar 608:659 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 7 39 theme fucosylated 965:975 arg1 glycoproteins 977:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 6 40 gly fucosylated 837:847 arg1 structures 849:858 fucosylated structures 837:858 fucosylated structures 837:858 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 26512888 7 41 gly fucosylated 965:975 arg1 glycoproteins 977:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 5 42 theme photocrosslinking 637:653 arg1 sugar 655:659 a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar 608:659 a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar 608:659 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 3 43 theme cell 406:409 arg1 glycoproteins 419:431 cell surface glycoproteins 406:431 cell surface glycoproteins 406:431 Here we report that CTB binds cell surface glycoproteins. 26512888 7 44 theme normal 1006:1011 arg1 epithelia 1030:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 7 45 attach present 995:1001 arg2 glycoproteins 977:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins 953:989 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 7 45 attach present 995:1001 arg1 epithelia 1030:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 1 46 theme host 128:131 arg1 cells 133:137 host cells 128:137 host cells 128:137 Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). 26512888 4 47 from glycoproteins 554:566 arg1 lines 595:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 colonic epithelial cell lines 571:599 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 5 48 theme interaction 797:807 arg1 motif 809:813 the CTB interaction motif 789:813 the CTB interaction motif 789:813 Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. 26512888 2 49 theme glycolipid 220:229 arg1 receptor 265:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 the sole CT receptor 253:272 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 2 49 theme glycolipid 220:229 arg1 GM1 232:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 203:234 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 4 50 gly glycoproteins 477:489 arg1 glycoproteins 477:489 glycoproteins 477:489 glycoproteins 477:489 Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. 26512888 2 51 theme CTB 307:309 arg1 binding 311:317 CTB binding 307:317 CTB binding to GM1 307:324 The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. 26512888 0 52 theme cholera 71:77 arg1 toxin 79:83 cholera toxin 71:83 cholera toxin 71:83 Fucosylation and protein glycosylation create functional receptors for cholera toxin. 26512888 7 53 from present 995:1001 arg1 epithelia 1030:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 normal human intestinal epithelia 1006:1038 CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. 26512888 0 54 theme protein 17:23 arg1 glycosylation 25:37 protein glycosylation 17:37 protein glycosylation 17:37 Fucosylation and protein glycosylation create functional receptors for cholera toxin. 26512888 6 55 theme epithelial 893:902 arg1 line 909:912 a colonic epithelial cell line 883:912 a colonic epithelial cell line 883:912 We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. 27077895 4 0 theme region 798:803 arg1 oligosaccharides 814:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 1 1 theme heteroxylans 292:303 arg1 RE 244:245 RE 244:245 RE 244:245 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 1 1 theme heteroxylans 292:303 arg1 s 286:286 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) 252:287 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 252:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 1 1 theme heteroxylans 292:303 arg1 end 239:241 reducing end 230:241 reducing end (RE) 230:246 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 4 2 theme chain 686:690 arg1 residue 698:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 2 3 theme endosperm 324:332 arg1 residue 383:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue 362:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) 362:398 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 3 theme endosperm 324:332 arg1 walls 339:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 1 4 theme end 239:241 arg1 characterization 210:225 the characterization 206:225 the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 206:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 4 5 theme internal 789:796 arg1 oligosaccharides 814:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 3 6 theme different 542:550 arg1 approaches 552:561 Two different approaches 538:561 Two different approaches (see summary in Figure 1) 538:587 Two different approaches (see summary in Figure 1) are adopted. 27077895 4 7 theme backbone 677:684 arg1 residue 698:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 2 8 theme wheat 318:322 arg1 residue 383:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue 362:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) 362:398 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 8 theme wheat 318:322 arg1 walls 339:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 6 9 dep tagged 1035:1040 arg1 un 1032:1033 un 1032:1033 un 1032:1033 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 2 10 theme M 455:455 arg1 KOH 457:459 1 M KOH 453:459 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2) 453:535 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 10 theme M 455:455 arg1 2 534:534 2 534:534 2 534:534 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 4 11 theme intact 616:621 arg1 AXs 629:631 intact W-sol AXs 616:631 intact W-sol AXs 616:631 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 6 12 theme KOH-sol 1077:1083 arg1 Frs 1085:1087 both W- and KOH-sol Frs 1065:1087 both W- and KOH-sol Frs 1065:1087 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 2 13 theme 1 453:453 arg1 M 455:455 M 455:455 M 455:455 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 7 14 theme nuclear 1342:1348 arg1 NMR 1370:1372 NMR 1370:1372 NMR 1370:1372 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 7 14 theme nuclear 1342:1348 arg1 resonance 1359:1367 nuclear magnetic resonance 1342:1367 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration 1342:1434 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 4 15 theme sugar 692:696 arg1 residue 698:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 4 16 theme reducing 805:812 arg1 oligosaccharides 814:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 0 17 theme Mass 90:93 arg1 Spectrometry 95:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 0 17 theme Mass 90:93 arg1 Resonance 126:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 6 18 dep released 1021:1028 arg1 tagged 1035:1040 tagged 1035:1040 tagged 1035:1040 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 6 19 theme W- 1070:1071 arg1 Frs 1085:1087 both W- and KOH-sol Frs 1065:1087 both W- and KOH-sol Frs 1065:1087 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 0 20 dep Physical 80:87 arg1 Spectrometry 95:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 0 20 dep Physical 80:87 arg1 Resonance 126:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 2 21 contain containing 461:470 arg2 Fr 490:491 KOH-sol Fr 482:491 KOH-sol Fr 482:491 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 21 contain containing 461:470 arg1 KOH 457:459 1 M KOH 453:459 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2) 453:535 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 21 contain containing 461:470 arg2 NaBH4 475:479 1% NaBH4 472:479 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al 472:524 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 21 contain containing 461:470 arg1 2 534:534 2 534:534 2 534:534 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 6 22 theme oligosaccharides 1180:1195 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 the detailed structural analysis 1113:1144 the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides 1113:1195 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 4 23 theme 2AB-labelled 769:780 arg1 RE 782:783 2AB-labelled RE 769:783 2AB-labelled RE 769:783 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 6 24 theme methylated 1169:1178 arg1 oligosaccharides 1180:1195 both the native and methylated oligosaccharides 1149:1195 oligosaccharides 1180:1195 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 4 25 theme RE 674:675 arg1 residue 698:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 8 26 theme appropriate 1515:1525 arg1 endo-hydrolases 1527:1541 the appropriate endo-hydrolases 1511:1541 the appropriate endo-hydrolases 1511:1541 These techniques can be applied to other classes of polysaccharides using the appropriate endo-hydrolases. 27077895 2 27 dep Ratnayake 510:518 arg1 al 523:524 Ratnayake et al 510:524 Ratnayake et al 510:524 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 6 28 theme released 1021:1028 arg1 oligosaccharides 1043:1058 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides 1005:1058 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs 1005:1087 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 4 29 theme original 665:672 arg1 residue 698:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 the original RE backbone chain sugar residue 661:704 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 7 30 theme KOH-sol 1304:1310 arg1 AXs 1312:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs 1282:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs 1282:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 6 31 dep oligosaccharides 1180:1195 arg1 both 1149:1152 both 1149:1152 both 1149:1152 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 0 32 theme Wall 20:23 arg1 Heteroxylans 25:36 Plant Wall Heteroxylans 14:36 Plant Wall Heteroxylans 14:36 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 1 33 theme internal 252:259 arg1 s 286:286 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) 252:287 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 252:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 2 34 theme % 473:473 arg1 NaBH4 475:479 1% NaBH4 472:479 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al 472:524 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 34 theme % 473:473 arg1 Fr 490:491 KOH-sol Fr 482:491 KOH-sol Fr 482:491 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 5 35 theme second 851:856 arg1 approach 858:865 a second approach 849:865 a second approach 849:865 In a second approach, the KOH-sol Fr is hydrolyzed with endoxylanase to first generate a mixture of oligosaccharides which are subsequently labelled with 2AB. 27077895 1 36 theme specific 177:184 arg1 techniques 186:195 the specific techniques 173:195 the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 173:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 0 37 theme Plant 14:18 arg1 Heteroxylans 25:36 Plant Wall Heteroxylans 14:36 Plant Wall Heteroxylans 14:36 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 1 38 theme region 261:266 arg1 s 286:286 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) 252:287 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 252:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 2 39 theme 1 472:472 arg1 % 473:473 % 473:473 % 473:473 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 7 40 theme magnetic 1350:1357 arg1 NMR 1370:1372 NMR 1370:1372 NMR 1370:1372 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 7 40 theme magnetic 1350:1357 arg1 resonance 1359:1367 nuclear magnetic resonance 1342:1367 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration 1342:1434 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 0 41 dep Chemical 53:60 arg1 Methylation 63:73 Methylation 63:73 Methylation 63:73 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 1 42 theme glycosyl 268:275 arg1 s 286:286 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) 252:287 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 252:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 0 43 theme Magnetic 117:124 arg1 Spectrometry 95:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 0 43 theme Magnetic 117:124 arg1 Resonance 126:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 8 44 theme other 1472:1476 arg1 classes 1478:1484 other classes 1472:1484 other classes of polysaccharides 1472:1503 These techniques can be applied to other classes of polysaccharides using the appropriate endo-hydrolases. 27077895 0 45 theme Heteroxylans 25:36 arg1 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans 0:36 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 1 46 theme sequence 277:284 arg1 s 286:286 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) 252:287 internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 252:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 0 47 theme Nuclear 109:115 arg1 Spectrometry 95:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Mass Spectrometry 90:106 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 0 47 theme Nuclear 109:115 arg1 Resonance 126:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 109:134 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 6 48 theme structural 1126:1135 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 the detailed structural analysis 1113:1144 the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides 1113:1195 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 0 49 dep Enzymic 44:50 arg1 Physical 80:87 Physical 80:87 Physical 80:87 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 0 49 dep Enzymic 44:50 arg1 Chemical 53:60 Chemical 53:60 Chemical 53:60 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 2 50 theme alcohol-insoluble 365:381 arg1 1 397:397 1 397:397 1 397:397 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 50 theme alcohol-insoluble 365:381 arg1 residue 383:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue 362:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) 362:398 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 50 theme alcohol-insoluble 365:381 arg1 walls 339:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 50 theme alcohol-insoluble 365:381 arg1 AIR 392:394 AIR 392:394 AIR 392:394 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 51 dep NaBH4 475:479 arg1 described 497:505 described 497:505 described by Ratnayake et al 497:524 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 52 theme De-starched 306:316 arg1 residue 383:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue 362:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) 362:398 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 52 theme De-starched 306:316 arg1 walls 339:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 0 53 theme Enzymic 44:50 arg1 Techniques 137:146 Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques 44:146 Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques 44:146 Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques. 27077895 1 54 theme s 286:286 arg1 characterization 210:225 the characterization 206:225 the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans 206:303 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 2 55 theme KOH-sol 482:488 arg1 NaBH4 475:479 1% NaBH4 472:479 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al 472:524 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 55 theme KOH-sol 482:488 arg1 Fr 490:491 KOH-sol Fr 482:491 KOH-sol Fr 482:491 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 4 56 theme RE 782:783 arg1 mixture 758:764 a mixture 756:764 a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE 756:783 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 4 56 theme RE 782:783 arg1 oligosaccharides 814:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 internal region reducing oligosaccharides 789:829 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 7 57 theme anomeric 1413:1420 arg1 configuration 1422:1434 the anomeric configuration 1409:1434 the anomeric configuration 1409:1434 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 7 58 from information 1394:1404 arg1 configuration 1422:1434 the anomeric configuration 1409:1434 the anomeric configuration 1409:1434 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 4 59 theme W-sol 623:627 arg1 AXs 629:631 intact W-sol AXs 616:631 intact W-sol AXs 616:631 In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. 27077895 7 60 theme Endoxylanase 1282:1293 arg1 AXs 1312:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs 1282:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs 1282:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 6 61 theme detailed 1117:1124 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 the detailed structural analysis 1113:1144 the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides 1113:1195 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 3 62 dep approaches 552:561 arg1 see 564:566 see 564:566 see summary in Figure 1 564:586 Two different approaches (see summary in Figure 1) are adopted. 27077895 6 63 theme native 1158:1163 arg1 oligosaccharides 1180:1195 both the native and methylated oligosaccharides 1149:1195 oligosaccharides 1180:1195 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 5 64 theme KOH-sol 872:878 arg1 Fr 880:881 the KOH-sol Fr 868:881 the KOH-sol Fr 868:881 In a second approach, the KOH-sol Fr is hydrolyzed with endoxylanase to first generate a mixture of oligosaccharides which are subsequently labelled with 2AB. 27077895 5 65 theme oligosaccharides 946:961 arg1 mixture 935:941 a mixture 933:941 a mixture of oligosaccharides which are subsequently labelled with 2AB 933:1002 In a second approach, the KOH-sol Fr is hydrolyzed with endoxylanase to first generate a mixture of oligosaccharides which are subsequently labelled with 2AB. 27077895 6 66 from Frs 1085:1087 arg1 oligosaccharides 1043:1058 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides 1005:1058 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs 1005:1087 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 2 67 theme W-sol 439:443 arg1 water 432:436 water 432:436 water (W-sol Fr) 432:447 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 67 theme W-sol 439:443 arg1 Fr 445:446 W-sol Fr 439:446 W-sol Fr 439:446 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 7 68 theme digested 1295:1302 arg1 AXs 1312:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs 1282:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs 1282:1314 Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. 27077895 6 69 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 1233:1244 arg1 combination 1218:1228 a combination 1216:1228 a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS 1216:1244 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 6 69 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 1233:1244 arg1 ESI-MS 1271:1276 ESI-MS 1271:1276 ESI-MS 1271:1276 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 6 69 theme MALDI-TOF-MS 1233:1244 arg1 RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS 1247:1265 RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS 1247:1265 RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS 1247:1265 The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MS(n). 27077895 2 70 theme cell 334:337 arg1 residue 383:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue 362:389 an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) 362:398 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 2 70 theme cell 334:337 arg1 walls 339:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls 306:343 De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)(1) and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)(2). 27077895 8 71 theme polysaccharides 1489:1503 arg1 classes 1478:1484 other classes 1472:1484 other classes of polysaccharides 1472:1503 These techniques can be applied to other classes of polysaccharides using the appropriate endo-hydrolases. 27077895 1 72 theme reducing 230:237 arg1 RE 244:245 RE 244:245 RE 244:245 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 27077895 1 72 theme reducing 230:237 arg1 end 239:241 reducing end 230:241 reducing end (RE) 230:246 This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. 24857867 12 0 theme selenium 1255:1262 arg1 content 1264:1270 the selenium content 1251:1270 the selenium content 1251:1270 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 9 1 theme toxic 794:798 arg1 impacts 800:806 low toxic impacts 790:806 low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 790:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 1 2 dep Roots 105:109 arg1 Fish 139:142 Fish 139:142 Fish. 139:143 Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) 24857867 0 3 from roots 79:83 arg1 polysaccharides 58:72 polysaccharides 58:72 polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus 58:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 0 3 from roots 79:83 arg1 activity 46:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity 0:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus 0:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 0 4 theme membranaceus 91:102 arg1 roots 79:83 roots 79:83 roots of A. membranaceus 79:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 9 5 theme tumor-bearing 811:823 arg1 mice 825:828 tumor-bearing mice 811:828 tumor-bearing mice 811:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 11 6 theme macrophages 1144:1154 arg1 function 1116:1123 the phagocytotic function 1099:1123 the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages 1099:1154 Moreover, PAMs also selenium-dependently improved the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages and suppressed M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. 24857867 7 7 theme monosaccharides 498:512 arg1 compositions 482:493 compositions 482:493 compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids 482:528 We revealed that compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids were comparable among PAMs from different habitats. 24857867 6 8 theme major 421:425 arg1 habitats 427:434 five major habitats 416:434 five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China 416:462 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 11 9 theme tumor-associated 1195:1210 arg1 macrophages 1212:1222 tumor-associated macrophages 1195:1222 tumor-associated macrophages 1195:1222 Moreover, PAMs also selenium-dependently improved the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages and suppressed M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. 24857867 6 10 theme immunomodulating 329:344 arg1 activity 346:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 9 11 theme H22 741:743 arg1 hepatoma 753:760 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma 728:760 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma 728:760 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 9 12 theme ascitic 745:751 arg1 hepatoma 753:760 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma 728:760 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma 728:760 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 5 13 theme auxiliary 225:233 arg1 Hsiao 175:179 Hsiao 175:179 Hsiao 175:179 Hsiao (A. membranaceus) have been long used as an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment. 24857867 5 13 theme auxiliary 225:233 arg1 reagent 235:241 an auxiliary reagent 222:241 an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment 222:269 Hsiao (A. membranaceus) have been long used as an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment. 24857867 9 14 theme cells 779:783 arg1 proliferation 711:723 the in vivo proliferation 699:723 the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 699:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 12 15 from origins 1348:1354 arg1 PAMs 1315:1318 PAMs 1315:1318 PAMs from different geographical origins 1315:1354 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 12 15 from origins 1348:1354 arg1 roots 1286:1290 the roots 1282:1290 the roots of A. membranaceus 1282:1309 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 6 16 theme antitumor 319:327 arg1 activity 346:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 7 17 from habitats 572:579 arg1 PAMs 552:555 PAMs 552:555 PAMs from different habitats 552:579 We revealed that compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids were comparable among PAMs from different habitats. 24857867 8 18 theme PAMs 657:660 arg1 roots 628:632 roots 628:632 roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs 628:660 However, amounts of selenium varied widely in roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs. 24857867 12 19 theme important 1388:1396 arg1 selenium 1373:1380 selenium 1373:1380 selenium 1373:1380 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 12 19 theme important 1388:1396 arg1 contributor 1398:1408 an important contributor 1385:1408 an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs 1385:1461 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 6 20 from activity 346:353 arg1 roots 379:383 roots 379:383 roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) 379:409 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 7 21 theme different 562:570 arg1 habitats 572:579 different habitats 562:579 different habitats 562:579 We revealed that compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids were comparable among PAMs from different habitats. 24857867 6 22 from composition 303:313 arg1 roots 379:383 roots 379:383 roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) 379:409 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 11 23 theme macrophages 1212:1222 arg1 polarization 1179:1190 M2-like polarization 1171:1190 M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages 1171:1222 Moreover, PAMs also selenium-dependently improved the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages and suppressed M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. 24857867 9 24 theme transplanted 728:739 arg1 hepatoma 753:760 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma 728:760 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma 728:760 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 10 25 theme cytokine 905:912 arg1 dysregulation 914:926 serum cytokine dysregulation 899:926 serum cytokine dysregulation 899:926 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 12 26 theme geographical 1335:1346 arg1 origins 1348:1354 different geographical origins 1325:1354 different geographical origins 1325:1354 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 0 27 theme antitumor 19:27 arg1 activity 46:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity 0:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus 0:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 5 28 theme cancer 254:259 arg1 treatment 261:269 cancer treatment 254:269 cancer treatment 254:269 Hsiao (A. membranaceus) have been long used as an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment. 24857867 10 29 theme T 878:878 arg1 cell 880:883 host CD4+ T cell 868:883 host CD4+ T cell apoptosis 868:893 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 6 30 theme chemical 294:301 arg1 composition 303:313 chemical composition 294:313 chemical composition 294:313 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 0 31 theme Selenium-dependent 0:17 arg1 activity 46:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity 0:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus 0:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 12 32 theme immunomodulation 1427:1442 arg1 activities 1444:1453 the antitumor immunomodulation activities 1413:1453 the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs 1413:1461 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 10 33 theme tumor 939:943 arg1 transplantation 945:959 tumor transplantation 939:959 tumor transplantation 939:959 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 5 34 dep Hsiao 175:179 arg1 membranaceus 185:196 A. membranaceus 182:196 A. membranaceus 182:196 Hsiao (A. membranaceus) have been long used as an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment. 24857867 12 35 theme antitumor 1417:1425 arg1 activities 1444:1453 the antitumor immunomodulation activities 1413:1453 the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs 1413:1461 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 11 36 theme M2-like 1171:1177 arg1 polarization 1179:1190 M2-like polarization 1171:1190 M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages 1171:1222 Moreover, PAMs also selenium-dependently improved the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages and suppressed M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. 24857867 9 37 theme S180 766:769 arg1 cells 779:783 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells 728:783 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 728:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 1 38 theme Astragalus 114:123 arg1 membranaceus 125:136 Astragalus membranaceus 114:136 Astragalus membranaceus 114:136 Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) 24857867 7 39 theme acids 524:528 arg1 compositions 482:493 compositions 482:493 compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids 482:528 We revealed that compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids were comparable among PAMs from different habitats. 24857867 0 40 theme immunomodulating 29:44 arg1 activity 46:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity 0:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus 0:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 9 41 theme in 703:704 arg1 proliferation 711:723 the in vivo proliferation 699:723 the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 699:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 10 42 theme T 1040:1040 arg1 cells 1042:1046 CD8+ T cells 1035:1046 CD8+ T cells 1035:1046 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 1 43 theme membranaceus 125:136 arg1 Roots 105:109 Roots 105:109 Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) 105:144 Roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) 24857867 6 44 dep composition 303:313 arg1 the 290:292 the 290:292 the 290:292 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 0 45 theme polysaccharides 58:72 arg1 activity 46:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity 0:53 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus 0:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 10 46 theme CD8+ 1035:1038 arg1 cells 1042:1046 CD8+ T cells 1035:1046 CD8+ T cells 1035:1046 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 6 47 theme membranaceus 391:402 arg1 roots 379:383 roots 379:383 roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) 379:409 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 9 48 with cells 779:783 arg1 impacts 800:806 low toxic impacts 790:806 low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 790:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 12 49 theme PAMs 1458:1461 arg1 activities 1444:1453 the antitumor immunomodulation activities 1413:1453 the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs 1413:1461 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 8 50 theme selenium 602:609 arg1 selenium 602:609 selenium 602:609 selenium 602:609 However, amounts of selenium varied widely in roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs. 24857867 8 50 theme selenium 602:609 arg1 amounts 591:597 amounts 591:597 amounts of selenium 591:609 However, amounts of selenium varied widely in roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs. 24857867 9 51 theme hepatoma 753:760 arg1 cells 779:783 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells 728:783 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 728:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 11 52 theme phagocytotic 1103:1114 arg1 function 1116:1123 the phagocytotic function 1099:1123 the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages 1099:1154 Moreover, PAMs also selenium-dependently improved the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages and suppressed M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. 24857867 6 53 theme PR 455:456 arg1 Mongolia 445:452 Inner Mongolia 439:452 Inner Mongolia 439:452 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 53 theme PR 455:456 arg1 China 458:462 PR China 455:462 PR China 455:462 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 10 54 theme killer 1024:1029 arg1 activities 1002:1011 cytotoxic activities 992:1011 cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells 992:1046 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 11 55 theme intra-abdominal 1128:1142 arg1 macrophages 1144:1154 intra-abdominal macrophages 1128:1154 intra-abdominal macrophages 1128:1154 Moreover, PAMs also selenium-dependently improved the phagocytotic function of intra-abdominal macrophages and suppressed M2-like polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. 24857867 9 56 dep in 703:704 arg1 vivo 706:709 vivo 706:709 vivo 706:709 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 8 57 theme membranaceus 640:651 arg1 roots 628:632 roots 628:632 roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs 628:660 However, amounts of selenium varied widely in roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs. 24857867 5 58 used used 214:217 arg2 Hsiao 175:179 Hsiao 175:179 Hsiao 175:179 Hsiao (A. membranaceus) have been long used as an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment. 24857867 5 58 used used 214:217 arg2 reagent 235:241 an auxiliary reagent 222:241 an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment 222:269 Hsiao (A. membranaceus) have been long used as an auxiliary reagent supporting cancer treatment. 24857867 10 59 theme Selenium-containing 831:849 arg1 PAMs 851:854 Selenium-containing PAMs 831:854 Selenium-containing PAMs 831:854 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 7 60 theme amino 518:522 arg1 acids 524:528 amino acids 518:528 amino acids 518:528 We revealed that compositions of monosaccharides and amino acids were comparable among PAMs from different habitats. 24857867 10 61 theme CD4+ 873:876 arg1 cell 880:883 host CD4+ T cell 868:883 host CD4+ T cell apoptosis 868:893 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 9 62 from impacts 800:806 arg1 mice 825:828 tumor-bearing mice 811:828 tumor-bearing mice 811:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 10 63 theme cell 880:883 arg1 apoptosis 885:893 host CD4+ T cell apoptosis 868:893 host CD4+ T cell apoptosis 868:893 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 10 64 theme natural 1016:1022 arg1 killer 1024:1029 natural killer 1016:1029 natural killer 1016:1029 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 9 65 theme sarcoma 771:777 arg1 cells 779:783 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells 728:783 transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 728:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 10 66 theme host 868:871 arg1 cell 880:883 host CD4+ T cell 868:883 host CD4+ T cell apoptosis 868:893 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 6 67 from roots 379:383 arg1 polysaccharides 358:372 polysaccharides 358:372 polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) 358:409 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 67 from roots 379:383 arg1 activity 346:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 67 from roots 379:383 arg1 composition 303:313 chemical composition 294:313 chemical composition 294:313 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 68 theme Inner 439:443 arg1 Mongolia 445:452 Inner Mongolia 439:452 Inner Mongolia 439:452 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 68 theme Inner 439:443 arg1 China 458:462 PR China 455:462 PR China 455:462 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 69 theme polysaccharides 358:372 arg1 activity 346:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 69 theme polysaccharides 358:372 arg1 composition 303:313 chemical composition 294:313 chemical composition 294:313 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 12 70 theme membranaceus 1298:1309 arg1 PAMs 1315:1318 PAMs 1315:1318 PAMs from different geographical origins 1315:1354 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 12 70 theme membranaceus 1298:1309 arg1 roots 1286:1290 the roots 1282:1290 the roots of A. membranaceus 1282:1309 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 12 71 theme different 1325:1333 arg1 origins 1348:1354 different geographical origins 1325:1354 different geographical origins 1325:1354 These data suggested that the selenium content varies in the roots of A. membranaceus and PAMs from different geographical origins dramatically and selenium is an important contributor to the antitumor immunomodulation activities of PAMs. 24857867 10 72 theme cells 1042:1046 arg1 activities 1002:1011 cytotoxic activities 992:1011 cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells 992:1046 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 10 73 theme activities 1002:1011 arg1 enhancement 977:987 the enhancement 973:987 the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells 973:1046 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 10 74 theme serum 899:903 arg1 dysregulation 914:926 serum cytokine dysregulation 899:926 serum cytokine dysregulation 899:926 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 0 75 from activity 46:53 arg1 roots 79:83 roots 79:83 roots of A. membranaceus 79:102 Selenium-dependent antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus. 24857867 9 76 theme low 790:792 arg1 impacts 800:806 low toxic impacts 790:806 low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice 790:828 PAMs selenium-dependently repressed the in vivo proliferation of transplanted H22 ascitic hepatoma and S180 sarcoma cells with low toxic impacts on tumor-bearing mice. 24857867 10 77 theme cytotoxic 992:1000 arg1 activities 1002:1011 cytotoxic activities 992:1011 cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells 992:1046 Selenium-containing PAMs ameliorated host CD4+ T cell apoptosis and serum cytokine dysregulation induced by tumor transplantation, leading to the enhancement of cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. 24857867 6 78 from habitats 427:434 arg1 activity 346:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 antitumor immunomodulating activity 319:353 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 78 from habitats 427:434 arg1 China 458:462 PR China 455:462 PR China 455:462 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 78 from habitats 427:434 arg1 Mongolia 445:452 Inner Mongolia 439:452 Inner Mongolia 439:452 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 24857867 6 78 from habitats 427:434 arg1 composition 303:313 chemical composition 294:313 chemical composition 294:313 Here, we compared the chemical composition and antitumor immunomodulating activity of polysaccharides from roots of A. membranaceus (PAMs) from five major habitats in Inner Mongolia, PR China. 26483551 6 0 theme integrin 963:970 arg1 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 6 0 theme integrin 963:970 arg1 α5 972:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 4 1 theme negative 705:712 arg1 regulator 714:722 a negative regulator 703:722 a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 703:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 4 1 theme negative 705:712 arg1 α5 687:688 integrin α5 678:688 integrin α5 678:688 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 8 2 from restoration 1461:1471 arg1 domain 1508:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain 1495:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1495:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 8 2 from restoration 1461:1471 arg1 α5 1527:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 6 3 theme N-glycosylation 940:954 arg1 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 6 3 theme N-glycosylation 940:954 arg1 α5 972:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 9 4 theme α5 1737:1738 arg1 paradigm 1768:1775 a novel molecular paradigm 1750:1775 a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors 1750:1840 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 9 4 theme α5 1737:1738 arg1 N-glycosylation 1709:1723 the N-glycosylation 1705:1723 the N-glycosylation 1705:1723 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 0 5 theme Proliferation 114:126 arg1 Signaling 96:104 Its Cellular Signaling 83:104 Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation 83:146 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 0 5 theme Proliferation 114:126 arg1 Receptor 70:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 3 6 theme receptor 611:618 arg1 kinase 629:634 receptor tyrosine kinase 611:634 receptor tyrosine kinase 611:634 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 1 7 theme responses 220:228 arg1 multitude 198:206 a multitude 196:206 a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways 196:330 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 3 8 theme integrin 474:481 arg1 α5β1 483:486 integrin α5β1 474:486 integrin α5β1 474:486 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 9 9 theme molecular 1758:1766 arg1 paradigm 1768:1775 a novel molecular paradigm 1750:1775 a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors 1750:1840 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 9 9 theme molecular 1758:1766 arg1 N-glycosylation 1709:1723 the N-glycosylation 1705:1723 the N-glycosylation 1705:1723 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 8 10 theme integrin 1518:1525 arg1 α5 1527:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 7 11 theme formation 1426:1434 arg1 promotion 1372:1380 promotion 1372:1380 promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1372:1434 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 7 12 theme α5-glycolipids-EGFR 1398:1416 arg1 formation 1426:1434 the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1385:1434 the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1385:1434 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 4 13 theme signaling 767:775 arg1 regulator 714:722 a negative regulator 703:722 a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 703:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 4 13 theme signaling 767:775 arg1 α5 687:688 integrin α5 678:688 integrin α5 678:688 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 7 14 theme mechanistic 1099:1109 arg1 manner 1111:1116 a mechanistic manner 1097:1116 a mechanistic manner 1097:1116 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 8 15 theme inhibitory 1545:1554 arg1 effects 1556:1562 the inhibitory effects 1541:1562 the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR 1541:1605 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 4 16 theme growth 737:742 arg1 EGFR 761:764 EGFR 761:764 EGFR 761:764 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 4 16 theme growth 737:742 arg1 receptor 751:758 growth factor receptor 737:758 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 727:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 7 17 theme EGF 1265:1267 arg1 stimulation 1269:1279 EGF stimulation 1265:1279 EGF stimulation 1265:1279 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 1 18 theme α5β1-mediated 158:170 arg1 adhesion 177:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion 149:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion 149:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 6 19 theme cell 1074:1077 arg1 proliferation 1079:1091 cell proliferation 1074:1091 cell proliferation 1074:1091 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 4 20 theme receptor 751:758 arg1 signaling 767:775 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling 727:775 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 727:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 5 21 theme integrin 823:830 arg1 α5 832:833 WT integrin α5 820:833 WT integrin α5 820:833 Expression of WT integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR phosphorylation and internalization upon EGF stimulation. 26483551 6 22 theme signaling 1060:1068 arg1 suppression 1027:1037 the suppression 1023:1037 the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation 1023:1091 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 9 23 theme growth 1818:1823 arg1 receptors 1832:1840 growth factor receptors 1818:1840 growth factor receptors 1818:1840 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 0 24 theme Cellular 87:94 arg1 Signaling 96:104 Its Cellular Signaling 83:104 Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation 83:146 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 8 25 theme complex 1579:1585 arg1 formation 1587:1595 the complex formation 1575:1595 the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR 1541:1605 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 3 26 theme α5β1 483:486 arg1 controversial 514:526 controversial 514:526 controversial 514:526 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 3 26 theme α5β1 483:486 arg1 effects 463:469 the effects 459:469 the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation 459:508 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 2 27 theme kinase 432:437 arg1 signaling 439:447 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 394:447 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 394:447 Integrin α5β1 is known to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 26483551 0 28 theme Integrin 0:7 arg1 α5 9:10 Integrin α5 0:10 Integrin α5 0:10 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 1 29 theme different 294:302 arg1 pathways 323:330 different cellular signaling pathways 294:330 different cellular signaling pathways 294:330 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 7 30 theme lipid 1208:1212 arg1 rafts 1214:1218 the low density lipid rafts 1192:1218 the low density lipid rafts 1192:1218 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 1 31 theme signaling 313:321 arg1 pathways 323:330 different cellular signaling pathways 294:330 different cellular signaling pathways 294:330 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 7 32 theme EGFR 1348:1351 arg1 activation 1353:1362 the EGFR activation 1344:1362 the EGFR activation 1344:1362 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 8 33 with formation 1587:1595 arg1 EGFR 1602:1605 EGFR 1602:1605 EGFR 1602:1605 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 3 34 theme cell 491:494 arg1 proliferation 496:508 cell proliferation 491:508 cell proliferation 491:508 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 7 35 theme low 1196:1198 arg1 density 1200:1206 the low density 1192:1206 the low density lipid rafts 1192:1218 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 0 36 theme Factor 63:68 arg1 Receptor 70:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 2 37 theme permissive 366:375 arg1 signals 377:383 permissive signals 366:383 permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 366:447 Integrin α5β1 is known to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 26483551 5 38 theme EGFR 850:853 arg1 phosphorylation 855:869 the EGFR phosphorylation 846:869 the EGFR phosphorylation 846:869 Expression of WT integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR phosphorylation and internalization upon EGF stimulation. 26483551 7 39 theme integrin 1321:1328 arg1 α5 1330:1331 integrin α5 1321:1331 integrin α5 1321:1331 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 6 40 contain contains 988:995 arg1 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 6 40 contain contains 988:995 arg1 α5 972:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 6 40 contain contains 988:995 arg2 N-glycans 1003:1011 fewer N-glycans 997:1011 fewer N-glycans 997:1011 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 1 41 theme cell 241:244 arg1 proliferation 246:258 cell proliferation 241:258 cell proliferation 241:258 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 8 42 theme Calf-1,2 1499:1506 arg1 domain 1508:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain 1495:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1495:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 8 42 theme Calf-1,2 1499:1506 arg1 α5 1527:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 8 43 with effects 1556:1562 arg1 EGFR 1602:1605 EGFR 1602:1605 EGFR 1602:1605 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 3 44 theme integrin 593:600 arg1 α5β1 602:605 integrin α5β1 593:605 integrin α5β1 593:605 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 6 45 theme α5 972:973 arg1 expression 922:931 expression 922:931 expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, 922:1012 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 0 46 theme Epidermal 46:54 arg1 Receptor 70:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 6 47 theme mutant 956:961 arg1 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 S3-5 976:979 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 6 47 theme mutant 956:961 arg1 α5 972:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5 936:973 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 9 48 theme integrin 1728:1735 arg1 α5 1737:1738 integrin α5 1728:1738 integrin α5 1728:1738 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 8 49 from domain 1508:1513 arg1 restoration 1461:1471 consistent restoration 1450:1471 consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1450:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 7 50 theme integrin 1135:1142 arg1 α5 1144:1145 WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 1119:1145 WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 1119:1145 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 3 51 theme tyrosine 620:627 arg1 kinase 629:634 receptor tyrosine kinase 611:634 receptor tyrosine kinase 611:634 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 2 52 theme Integrin 333:340 arg1 α5β1 342:345 Integrin α5β1 333:345 Integrin α5β1 333:345 Integrin α5β1 is known to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 26483551 1 53 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 responses 220:228 cellular responses 211:228 cellular responses 211:228 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 1 53 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 survival 261:268 survival 261:268 survival 261:268 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 1 53 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 cross-talk 275:284 cross-talk 275:284 cross-talk 275:284 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 1 53 theme cellular 211:218 arg1 proliferation 246:258 cell proliferation 241:258 cell proliferation 241:258 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 4 54 theme integrin 678:685 arg1 regulator 714:722 a negative regulator 703:722 a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 703:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 4 54 theme integrin 678:685 arg1 α5 687:688 integrin α5 678:688 integrin α5 678:688 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 7 55 theme WT 1119:1120 arg1 α5 1144:1145 WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 1119:1145 WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 1119:1145 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 8 56 from N-glycans 1482:1490 arg1 domain 1508:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain 1495:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1495:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 8 56 from N-glycans 1482:1490 arg1 α5 1527:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 9 57 theme novel 1752:1756 arg1 paradigm 1768:1775 a novel molecular paradigm 1750:1775 a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors 1750:1840 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 9 57 theme novel 1752:1756 arg1 N-glycosylation 1709:1723 the N-glycosylation 1705:1723 the N-glycosylation 1705:1723 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 8 58 theme α5 1527:1528 arg1 domain 1508:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain 1495:1513 the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1495:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 8 58 theme α5 1527:1528 arg1 α5 1527:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 integrin α5 1518:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 7 59 theme complex 1229:1235 arg1 formation 1237:1245 the complex formation 1225:1245 the complex formation 1225:1245 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 6 60 theme fewer 997:1001 arg1 N-glycans 1003:1011 fewer N-glycans 997:1011 fewer N-glycans 997:1011 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 7 61 theme complex 1418:1424 arg1 formation 1426:1434 the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1385:1434 the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1385:1434 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 0 62 theme Receptor 70:77 arg1 Phosphorylation 27:41 the Phosphorylation 23:41 the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation 23:146 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 5 63 theme EGF 896:898 arg1 stimulation 900:910 EGF stimulation 896:910 EGF stimulation 896:910 Expression of WT integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR phosphorylation and internalization upon EGF stimulation. 26483551 1 64 theme Integrin 149:156 arg1 adhesion 177:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion 149:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion 149:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 6 65 theme proliferation 1079:1091 arg1 suppression 1027:1037 the suppression 1023:1037 the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation 1023:1091 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 7 66 theme integrin 1389:1396 arg1 formation 1426:1434 the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1385:1434 the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation 1385:1434 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 4 67 theme epidermal 727:735 arg1 signaling 767:775 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling 727:775 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 727:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 5 68 theme WT 820:821 arg1 α5 832:833 WT integrin α5 820:833 WT integrin α5 820:833 Expression of WT integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR phosphorylation and internalization upon EGF stimulation. 26483551 1 69 theme cell 172:175 arg1 adhesion 177:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion 149:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion 149:184 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 7 70 theme S3-5 1130:1133 arg1 α5 1144:1145 WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 1119:1145 WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 1119:1145 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 4 71 theme factor 744:749 arg1 EGFR 761:764 EGFR 761:764 EGFR 761:764 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 4 71 theme factor 744:749 arg1 receptor 751:758 growth factor receptor 737:758 epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation 727:803 Here we show that integrin α5 functions as a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling through its N-glycosylation. 26483551 0 72 theme Signaling 96:104 arg1 Phosphorylation 27:41 the Phosphorylation 23:41 the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation 23:146 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 3 73 from effects 463:469 arg1 proliferation 496:508 cell proliferation 491:508 cell proliferation 491:508 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 6 74 theme EGFR-mediated 1046:1058 arg1 signaling 1060:1068 the EGFR-mediated signaling 1042:1068 the EGFR-mediated signaling 1042:1068 However, expression of the N-glycosylation mutant integrin α5, S3-5, which contains fewer N-glycans, reversed the suppression of the EGFR-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. 26483551 9 75 theme factor 1825:1830 arg1 receptors 1832:1840 growth factor receptors 1818:1840 growth factor receptors 1818:1840 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 0 76 theme Cell 109:112 arg1 Proliferation 114:126 Cell Proliferation 109:126 Cell Proliferation 109:126 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 2 77 theme tyrosine 423:430 arg1 kinase 432:437 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase 394:437 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 394:447 Integrin α5β1 is known to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 26483551 7 78 theme density 1200:1206 arg1 rafts 1214:1218 the low density lipid rafts 1192:1218 the low density lipid rafts 1192:1218 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 1 79 theme cellular 304:311 arg1 pathways 323:330 different cellular signaling pathways 294:330 different cellular signaling pathways 294:330 Integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion regulates a multitude of cellular responses, including cell proliferation, survival, and cross-talk between different cellular signaling pathways. 26483551 2 80 theme receptor 414:421 arg1 kinase 432:437 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase 394:437 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 394:447 Integrin α5β1 is known to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 26483551 5 81 theme α5 832:833 arg1 Expression 806:815 Expression 806:815 Expression of WT integrin α5 806:833 Expression of WT integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR phosphorylation and internalization upon EGF stimulation. 26483551 7 82 theme α5 1330:1331 arg1 N-glycosylation 1302:1316 the N-glycosylation 1298:1316 the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 1298:1331 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 8 83 theme consistent 1450:1459 arg1 restoration 1461:1471 consistent restoration 1450:1471 consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1450:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 0 84 theme Growth 56:61 arg1 Receptor 70:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 46:77 Integrin α5 Suppresses the Phosphorylation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Cellular Signaling of Cell Proliferation via N-Glycosylation. 26483551 3 85 theme molecular 537:545 arg1 mechanisms 547:556 the molecular mechanisms 533:556 the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase 533:634 However, the effects of integrin α5β1 on cell proliferation are controversial, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation between integrin α5β1 and receptor tyrosine kinase remain largely unclear. 26483551 7 86 gly N-glycosylation 1302:1316 arg1 α5 1330:1331 integrin α5 1321:1331 integrin α5 1321:1331 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 9 87 theme EGFR 1669:1672 arg1 activation 1674:1683 EGFR activation 1669:1683 EGFR activation 1669:1683 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 8 88 theme N-glycans 1482:1490 arg1 restoration 1461:1471 consistent restoration 1450:1471 consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 1450:1528 Furthermore, consistent restoration of those N-glycans on the Calf-1,2 domain of integrin α5 reinstated the inhibitory effects as well as the complex formation with EGFR. 26483551 9 89 gly N-glycosylation 1709:1723 arg1 α5 1737:1738 integrin α5 1728:1738 integrin α5 1728:1738 Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that EGFR activation can be regulated by the N-glycosylation of integrin α5, which is a novel molecular paradigm for the cross-talk between integrins and growth factor receptors. 26483551 7 90 with complex 1155:1161 arg1 glycolipids 1177:1187 glycolipids 1177:1187 glycolipids 1177:1187 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 7 90 with complex 1155:1161 arg1 EGFR 1168:1171 EGFR 1168:1171 EGFR 1168:1171 In a mechanistic manner, WT but not S3-5 integrin α5 forms a complex with EGFR and glycolipids in the low density lipid rafts, and the complex formation is disrupted upon EGF stimulation, suggesting that the N-glycosylation of integrin α5 suppresses the EGFR activation through promotion of the integrin α5-glycolipids-EGFR complex formation. 26483551 2 91 theme anchorage-dependent 394:412 arg1 kinase 432:437 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase 394:437 anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 394:447 Integrin α5β1 is known to convey permissive signals enabling anchorage-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. 24334764 3 0 gly glycosylation 613:625 arg1 proteins 646:653 CS serum proteins 637:653 CS serum proteins 637:653 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 3 1 theme proteins 646:653 arg1 status 627:632 The glycosylation status 609:632 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins 609:653 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 7 2 with Experiments 1268:1278 arg1 A 1295:1295 Brefeldin A 1285:1295 Brefeldin A 1285:1295 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 1 3 theme mandatory 240:248 arg1 protein 259:265 a mandatory membrane protein 238:265 a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 238:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 3 4 theme unusual 669:675 arg1 pattern 677:683 a very unusual pattern 662:683 a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 662:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 8 5 from absent 1428:1433 arg1 cells 1444:1448 these cells 1438:1448 these cells 1438:1448 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 2 6 theme clinical 578:585 arg1 manifestations 587:600 the main clinical manifestations 569:600 the main clinical manifestations of CS 569:606 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 1 7 theme membrane 250:257 arg1 protein 259:265 a mandatory membrane protein 238:265 a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 238:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 6 8 theme glycosylation 1245:1257 arg1 defects 1259:1265 these glycosylation defects 1239:1265 these glycosylation defects 1239:1265 RNA interference against VPS13B confirmed these glycosylation defects. 24334764 2 9 theme organelle 535:543 arg1 mysfunction 515:525 mysfunction 515:525 mysfunction of this organelle 515:543 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 3 10 from defect 856:861 arg1 CS 887:888 CS 887:888 CS 887:888 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 1 11 theme VPS13B 182:187 arg1 gene 189:192 the VPS13B gene 178:192 the VPS13B gene 178:192 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 3 12 theme agalactosylated 749:763 arg1 structures 777:786 agalactosylated fucosylated structures 749:786 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 5 13 theme glycosylated 1058:1069 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 13 theme glycosylated 1058:1069 arg1 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 3 14 gly asialylated 799:809 arg1 structures 823:832 asialylated fucosylated structures 799:832 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 1 15 theme autosomal 93:101 arg1 syndrome 69:76 Cohen syndrome 63:76 Cohen syndrome (CS) 63:81 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 1 15 theme autosomal 93:101 arg1 disorder 113:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder 86:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 86:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 4 16 theme CS 900:901 arg1 transferrin 903:913 CS transferrin 900:913 CS transferrin 900:913 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 1 17 from mutations 165:173 arg1 gene 189:192 the VPS13B gene 178:192 the VPS13B gene 178:192 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 1 18 theme recessive 103:111 arg1 syndrome 69:76 Cohen syndrome 63:76 Cohen syndrome (CS) 63:81 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 1 18 theme recessive 103:111 arg1 disorder 113:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder 86:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 86:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 9 19 theme physiopathology 1787:1801 arg1 mechanisms 1770:1779 the mechanisms 1766:1779 the mechanisms of CS physiopathology 1766:1801 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 7 20 theme CS 1371:1372 arg1 fibroblasts 1374:1384 CS fibroblasts 1371:1384 CS fibroblasts 1371:1384 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 3 21 theme structures 777:786 arg1 accumulation 733:744 a significant accumulation 719:744 a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 719:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 5 22 theme altered 1103:1109 arg1 profile 1121:1127 an altered migration profile 1100:1127 an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE 1100:1139 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 1 23 theme multisytemic 127:138 arg1 features 149:156 multisytemic clinical features 127:156 multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 127:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 8 24 theme VPS13B 1519:1524 arg1 role 1511:1514 a crucial role 1501:1514 a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking 1501:1559 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 3 25 theme structures 823:832 arg1 accumulation 733:744 a significant accumulation 719:744 a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 719:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 3 26 theme glycan 866:871 arg1 maturation 873:882 glycan maturation 866:882 glycan maturation 866:882 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 8 27 theme endosomal-lysosomal 1529:1547 arg1 trafficking 1549:1559 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking 1529:1559 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking 1529:1559 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 3 28 theme asialylated 799:809 arg1 structures 823:832 asialylated fucosylated structures 799:832 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 8 29 from role 1511:1514 arg1 trafficking 1549:1559 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking 1529:1559 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking 1529:1559 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 1 30 theme Cohen 63:67 arg1 syndrome 69:76 Cohen syndrome 63:76 Cohen syndrome (CS) 63:81 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 1 30 theme Cohen 63:67 arg1 disorder 113:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder 86:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 86:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 1 30 theme Cohen 63:67 arg1 CS 79:80 CS 79:80 CS 79:80 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 2 31 theme glycosylation 486:498 arg1 defects 500:506 glycosylation defects 486:506 glycosylation defects 486:506 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 2 32 theme CS 605:606 arg1 manifestations 587:600 the main clinical manifestations 569:600 the main clinical manifestations of CS 569:606 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 2 33 theme proteins 371:378 arg1 glycosylation 336:348 glycosylation 336:348 glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins 336:378 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 1 34 with disorder 113:120 arg1 features 149:156 multisytemic clinical features 127:156 multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 127:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 8 35 theme early 1400:1404 arg1 endosomes 1406:1414 early endosomes 1400:1414 early endosomes were almost absent in these cells 1400:1448 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 0 36 theme Cohen 0:4 arg1 syndrome 6:13 Cohen syndrome 0:13 Cohen syndrome 0:13 Cohen syndrome is associated with major glycosylation defects. 24334764 5 37 theme mononuclear 1161:1171 arg1 cells 1173:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1144:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients 1144:1194 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 2 38 theme VPS13B 409:414 arg1 deficiency 416:425 VPS13B deficiency 409:425 VPS13B deficiency 409:425 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 2 38 theme VPS13B 409:414 arg1 disturbance 459:469 responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance 428:469 responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance 428:469 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 9 39 theme major 1632:1636 arg1 defect 1638:1643 a tissue-specific major defect 1614:1643 a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation 1614:1660 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 9 40 theme tissue-specific 1616:1630 arg1 defect 1638:1643 a tissue-specific major defect 1614:1643 a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation 1614:1660 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 7 41 theme cell 1340:1343 arg1 trafficking 1345:1355 intracellular retrograde cell trafficking 1315:1355 intracellular retrograde cell trafficking 1315:1355 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 2 42 theme apparatus 449:457 arg1 responsible 428:438 responsible 428:438 responsible 428:438 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 3 43 theme glycosylation 613:625 arg1 status 627:632 The glycosylation status 609:632 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins 609:653 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 1 44 theme Golgi 279:283 arg1 integrity 285:293 Golgi integrity 279:293 Golgi integrity 279:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 5 45 theme cell 1010:1013 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 45 theme cell 1010:1013 arg1 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 7 46 theme intracellular 1315:1327 arg1 trafficking 1345:1355 intracellular retrograde cell trafficking 1315:1355 intracellular retrograde cell trafficking 1315:1355 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 0 47 theme glycosylation 40:52 arg1 defects 54:60 major glycosylation defects 34:60 major glycosylation defects 34:60 Cohen syndrome is associated with major glycosylation defects. 24334764 5 48 theme peripheral 1144:1153 arg1 cells 1173:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1144:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients 1144:1194 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 9 49 theme glycosylation 1648:1660 arg1 defect 1638:1643 a tissue-specific major defect 1614:1643 a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation 1614:1660 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 9 49 theme glycosylation 1648:1660 arg1 defect 1698:1703 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect 1666:1703 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect 1666:1703 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 3 50 theme serum 640:644 arg1 proteins 646:653 CS serum proteins 637:653 CS serum proteins 637:653 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 2 51 theme Golgi 303:307 arg1 complex 309:315 the Golgi complex 299:315 the Golgi complex 299:315 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 2 51 theme Golgi 303:307 arg1 place 324:328 the place 320:328 the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs 320:385 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 9 52 theme endosomal-lysosomal 1666:1684 arg1 defect 1698:1703 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect 1666:1703 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect 1666:1703 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 7 53 theme Brefeldin 1285:1293 arg1 A 1295:1295 Brefeldin A 1285:1295 Brefeldin A 1285:1295 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 7 54 from normal 1361:1366 arg1 fibroblasts 1374:1384 CS fibroblasts 1371:1384 CS fibroblasts 1371:1384 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 5 55 attach presented 1090:1098 arg2 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 55 attach presented 1090:1098 arg1 cells 1173:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1144:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients 1144:1194 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 55 attach presented 1090:1098 arg2 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 55 attach presented 1090:1098 arg2 LAMP-2 1039:1044 LAMP-2 1039:1044 LAMP-2 1039:1044 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 3 56 theme glycosylation 688:700 arg1 pattern 677:683 a very unusual pattern 662:683 a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 662:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 1 57 theme due 158:160 arg1 features 149:156 multisytemic clinical features 127:156 multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 127:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 2 58 theme manifestations 587:600 arg1 cause 560:564 a cause 558:564 a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS 558:606 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 2 59 theme main 573:576 arg1 manifestations 587:600 the main clinical manifestations 569:600 the main clinical manifestations of CS 569:606 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 3 60 theme significant 721:731 arg1 accumulation 733:744 a significant accumulation 719:744 a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 719:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 4 61 theme transferrin 903:913 arg1 proteins 953:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 4 61 theme transferrin 903:913 arg1 profiles 925:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 5 62 from patients 1187:1194 arg1 cells 1173:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1144:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients 1144:1194 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 9 63 theme new 1738:1740 arg1 this 1722:1725 this 1722:1725 this 1722:1725 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 9 63 theme new 1738:1740 arg1 element 1746:1752 a new key element 1736:1752 a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology 1736:1801 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 8 64 from cells 1444:1448 arg1 absent 1428:1433 absent 1428:1433 absent 1428:1433 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 4 65 theme α1-AT 919:923 arg1 proteins 953:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 4 65 theme α1-AT 919:923 arg1 profiles 925:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 3 66 gly fucosylated 811:821 arg1 structures 823:832 asialylated fucosylated structures 799:832 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 3 67 theme fucosylated 765:775 arg1 structures 777:786 agalactosylated fucosylated structures 749:786 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 5 68 theme cellular 1071:1078 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 68 theme cellular 1071:1078 arg1 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 1 69 theme rare 88:91 arg1 syndrome 69:76 Cohen syndrome 63:76 Cohen syndrome (CS) 63:81 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 1 69 theme rare 88:91 arg1 disorder 113:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder 86:120 a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 86:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 9 70 theme key 1742:1744 arg1 this 1722:1725 this 1722:1725 this 1722:1725 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 9 70 theme key 1742:1744 arg1 element 1746:1752 a new key element 1736:1752 a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology 1736:1801 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 8 71 theme crucial 1503:1509 arg1 role 1511:1514 a crucial role 1501:1514 a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking 1501:1559 Furthermore, early endosomes were almost absent in these cells and lysosomes were abnormally enlarged, suggesting a crucial role of VPS13B in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. 24334764 0 72 theme major 34:38 arg1 defects 54:60 major glycosylation defects 34:60 major glycosylation defects 34:60 Cohen syndrome is associated with major glycosylation defects. 24334764 9 73 theme CS 1784:1785 arg1 physiopathology 1787:1801 CS physiopathology 1784:1801 CS physiopathology 1784:1801 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 6 74 theme RNA 1197:1199 arg1 interference 1201:1212 RNA interference 1197:1212 RNA interference against VPS13B 1197:1227 RNA interference against VPS13B confirmed these glycosylation defects. 24334764 3 75 theme major 850:854 arg1 defect 856:861 a major defect 848:861 a major defect of glycan maturation in CS 848:888 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 3 76 gly fucosylated 765:775 arg1 structures 777:786 agalactosylated fucosylated structures 749:786 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 5 77 theme migration 1111:1119 arg1 profile 1121:1127 an altered migration profile 1100:1127 an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE 1100:1139 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 1 78 theme clinical 140:147 arg1 features 149:156 multisytemic clinical features 127:156 multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity 127:293 Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisytemic clinical features due to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which has recently been described encoding a mandatory membrane protein involved in Golgi integrity. 24334764 3 79 theme maturation 873:882 arg1 defect 856:861 a major defect 848:861 a major defect of glycan maturation in CS 848:888 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 3 80 theme fucosylated 811:821 arg1 structures 823:832 asialylated fucosylated structures 799:832 agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures 749:832 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 7 81 from fibroblasts 1374:1384 arg1 normal 1361:1366 normal 1361:1366 normal 1361:1366 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 4 82 theme liver-derived 939:951 arg1 proteins 953:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 4 82 theme liver-derived 939:951 arg1 profiles 925:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 2 83 theme synthesized 359:369 arg1 proteins 371:378 newly synthesized proteins 353:378 newly synthesized proteins 353:378 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 7 84 theme retrograde 1329:1338 arg1 trafficking 1345:1355 intracellular retrograde cell trafficking 1315:1355 intracellular retrograde cell trafficking 1315:1355 Experiments with Brefeldin A demonstrated that intracellular retrograde cell trafficking was normal in CS fibroblasts. 24334764 2 85 gly glycosylation 336:348 arg1 proteins 371:378 newly synthesized proteins 353:378 newly synthesized proteins 353:378 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 5 86 from profile 1121:1127 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1132:1139 SDS-PAGE 1132:1139 SDS-PAGE 1132:1139 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 87 theme CS 1184:1185 arg1 patients 1187:1194 CS patients 1184:1194 CS patients 1184:1194 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 88 theme intercellular 996:1008 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 88 theme intercellular 996:1008 arg1 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 2 89 theme Golgi 443:447 arg1 apparatus 449:457 Golgi apparatus 443:457 Golgi apparatus 443:457 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 5 90 theme adhesion 1015:1022 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 90 theme adhesion 1015:1022 arg1 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 2 91 theme responsible 428:438 arg1 deficiency 416:425 VPS13B deficiency 409:425 VPS13B deficiency 409:425 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 2 91 theme responsible 428:438 arg1 disturbance 459:469 responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance 428:469 responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance 428:469 As the Golgi complex is the place where glycosylation of newly synthesized proteins occurs, we hypothesized that VPS13B deficiency, responsible of Golgi apparatus disturbance, could lead to glycosylation defects and/or mysfunction of this organelle, and thus be a cause of the main clinical manifestations of CS. 24334764 4 92 link liver-derived 939:951 arg1 proteins 953:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 two liver-derived proteins 935:960 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 4 92 link liver-derived 939:951 arg1 profiles 925:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles 900:932 However, CS transferrin and α1-AT profiles, two liver-derived proteins, were normal. 24334764 3 93 theme CS 637:638 arg1 proteins 646:653 CS serum proteins 637:653 CS serum proteins 637:653 The glycosylation status of CS serum proteins showed a very unusual pattern of glycosylation characterized by a significant accumulation of agalactosylated fucosylated structures as well as asialylated fucosylated structures demonstrating a major defect of glycan maturation in CS. 24334764 5 94 theme blood 1155:1159 arg1 cells 1173:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1144:1177 peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients 1144:1194 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 9 95 theme trafficking 1686:1696 arg1 defect 1698:1703 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect 1666:1703 endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect 1666:1703 Our work provides evidence that CS is associated to a tissue-specific major defect of glycosylation and endosomal-lysosomal trafficking defect, suggesting that this could be a new key element to decipher the mechanisms of CS physiopathology. 24334764 5 96 gly glycosylated 1058:1069 arg1 proteins 1080:1087 cellular proteins 1071:1087 two highly glycosylated cellular proteins 1047:1087 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 24334764 5 96 gly glycosylated 1058:1069 arg1 molecule 1024:1031 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 996:1033 We also showed that intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and LAMP-2, two highly glycosylated cellular proteins, presented an altered migration profile on SDS-PAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CS patients. 25809251 4 0 theme N 673:673 arg1 spectra 679:685 (15)N NMR spectra 669:685 (15)N NMR spectra 669:685 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 7 1 theme carbon 1517:1522 arg1 pools 1524:1528 the total carbon pools 1507:1528 the total carbon pools in intact whole cells 1507:1550 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 1 2 theme cell 162:165 arg1 essential 180:188 essential 180:188 essential 180:188 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 1 2 theme cell 162:165 arg1 wall 167:170 a thick cell wall 154:170 a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics 154:242 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 1 3 theme antibiotics 232:242 arg1 target 222:227 a major target 214:227 a major target of antibiotics 214:242 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 0 4 theme antibiotics 75:85 arg1 influence 62:70 the influence 58:70 the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR 58:103 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 0 4 theme antibiotics 75:85 arg1 snapshots 9:17 Spectral snapshots 0:17 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition 0:52 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 7 5 theme intact 1533:1538 arg1 cells 1546:1550 intact whole cells 1533:1550 intact whole cells 1533:1550 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 4 6 theme intact 866:871 arg1 cells 873:877 intact cells 866:877 intact cells 866:877 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 4 7 theme spectroscopic 702:714 arg1 selections 716:725 spectroscopic selections 702:725 spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements 702:807 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 4 8 theme whole-cell 952:961 arg1 samples 963:969 whole-cell samples 952:969 whole-cell samples 952:969 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 7 9 theme whole 1540:1544 arg1 cells 1546:1550 intact whole cells 1533:1550 intact whole cells 1533:1550 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 4 10 theme cell 883:886 arg1 walls 888:892 cell walls 883:892 cell walls 883:892 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 3 11 theme carbon 550:555 arg1 panel 541:545 the full panel 532:545 the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells 532:621 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 7 12 theme action 1469:1474 arg1 modes 1460:1464 general antibiotic modes 1441:1464 general antibiotic modes of action 1441:1474 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 0 13 theme whole-cell 90:99 arg1 NMR 101:103 whole-cell NMR 90:103 whole-cell NMR 90:103 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 7 14 from pools 1524:1528 arg1 cells 1546:1550 intact whole cells 1533:1550 intact whole cells 1533:1550 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 2 15 theme important 355:363 arg1 modes 325:329 drug modes 320:329 drug modes 320:329 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 4 16 theme compositional 832:844 arg1 differences 846:856 the dramatic compositional differences 819:856 the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls 819:892 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 3 17 theme whole-cell 482:491 arg1 spectroscopy 497:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy 463:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy 463:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 2 18 theme cell-wall 272:280 arg1 composition 282:292 cell-wall composition 272:292 cell-wall composition 272:292 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 7 19 theme total 1511:1515 arg1 pools 1524:1528 the total carbon pools 1507:1528 the total carbon pools in intact whole cells 1507:1550 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 4 20 theme dramatic 823:830 arg1 differences 846:856 the dramatic compositional differences 819:856 the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls 819:892 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 5 21 theme whole-cell 989:998 arg1 approach 1004:1011 the whole-cell NMR approach 985:1011 the whole-cell NMR approach 985:1011 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 6 22 contain contained 1344:1352 arg1 those 1309:1313 those 1309:1313 those 1309:1313 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 6 22 contain contained 1344:1352 arg2 percentage 1363:1372 a higher percentage 1354:1372 a higher percentage of peptidoglycan 1354:1389 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 5 23 theme cell-wall 1132:1140 arg1 inhibitor 1155:1163 a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor 1130:1163 a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor 1130:1163 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 23 theme cell-wall 1132:1140 arg1 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) 1118:1164 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 2 24 theme drug 320:323 arg1 modes 325:329 drug modes 320:329 drug modes 320:329 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 0 25 theme Spectral 0:7 arg1 snapshots 9:17 Spectral snapshots 0:17 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition 0:52 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 5 26 theme synthesis 1197:1205 arg1 inhibitor 1207:1215 a protein synthesis inhibitor 1187:1215 a protein synthesis inhibitor 1187:1215 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 26 theme synthesis 1197:1205 arg1 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1170:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 3 27 theme S. aureus 579:587 arg1 walls 594:598 S. aureus cell walls 579:598 S. aureus cell walls 579:598 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 4 28 theme dipolar 736:742 arg1 couplings 744:752 dipolar couplings 736:752 dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements 736:807 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 0 29 theme bacterial 22:30 arg1 composition 42:52 bacterial cell-wall composition 22:52 bacterial cell-wall composition 22:52 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 4 30 theme spin-diffusion 781:794 arg1 measurements 796:807 two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements 765:807 dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements 736:807 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 7 31 theme general 1441:1447 arg1 modes 1460:1464 general antibiotic modes 1441:1464 general antibiotic modes of action 1441:1474 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 3 32 theme nitrogen 561:568 arg1 panel 541:545 the full panel 532:545 the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells 532:621 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 7 33 theme antibiotic 1449:1458 arg1 modes 1460:1464 general antibiotic modes 1441:1464 general antibiotic modes of action 1441:1474 Thus, general antibiotic modes of action can be identified by profiling the total carbon pools in intact whole cells. 25809251 1 34 theme cell 193:196 arg1 survival 198:205 cell survival 193:205 cell survival 193:205 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 3 35 dep carbon 550:555 arg1 pools 570:574 pools 570:574 pools 570:574 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 4 36 from signatures 938:947 arg1 samples 963:969 whole-cell samples 952:969 whole-cell samples 952:969 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 1 37 theme Gram-positive 106:118 arg1 bacteria 120:127 Gram-positive bacteria 106:127 Gram-positive bacteria 106:127 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 2 38 from alterations 257:267 arg1 composition 282:292 cell-wall composition 272:292 cell-wall composition 272:292 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 2 39 theme multiple 411:418 arg1 aureus 455:460 Staphylococcus aureus 440:460 Staphylococcus aureus 440:460 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 2 39 theme multiple 411:418 arg1 antibiotics 420:430 multiple antibiotics 411:430 multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus 411:460 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 0 40 theme composition 42:52 arg1 influence 62:70 the influence 58:70 the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR 58:103 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 0 40 theme composition 42:52 arg1 snapshots 9:17 Spectral snapshots 0:17 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition 0:52 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 4 41 theme NMR 675:677 arg1 spectra 679:685 (15)N NMR spectra 669:685 (15)N NMR spectra 669:685 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 4 42 theme signatures 938:947 arg1 identification 910:923 the identification 906:923 the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples 906:969 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 6 43 theme peptidoglycan 1275:1287 arg1 contributions 1289:1301 decreased peptidoglycan contributions 1265:1301 decreased peptidoglycan contributions 1265:1301 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 6 44 theme Whole 1219:1223 arg1 cells 1225:1229 Whole cells 1219:1229 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin 1219:1253 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 4 45 from samples 963:969 arg1 identification 910:923 the identification 906:923 the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples 906:969 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 0 46 theme cell-wall 32:40 arg1 composition 42:52 bacterial cell-wall composition 22:52 bacterial cell-wall composition 22:52 Spectral snapshots of bacterial cell-wall composition and the influence of antibiotics by whole-cell NMR. 25809251 4 47 theme cell-wall 928:936 arg1 signatures 938:947 cell-wall signatures 928:947 cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples 928:969 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 6 48 theme cytoplasmic 1394:1404 arg1 content 1414:1420 cytoplasmic protein content 1394:1420 cytoplasmic protein content 1394:1420 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 3 49 theme intact 604:609 arg1 cells 617:621 intact whole cells 604:621 intact whole cells 604:621 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 3 50 theme Macromolecular 463:476 arg1 spectroscopy 497:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy 463:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy 463:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 6 51 theme peptidoglycan 1377:1389 arg1 percentage 1363:1372 a higher percentage 1354:1372 a higher percentage of peptidoglycan 1354:1389 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 4 52 from identification 910:923 arg1 samples 963:969 whole-cell samples 952:969 whole-cell samples 952:969 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 3 53 theme cell 589:592 arg1 walls 594:598 S. aureus cell walls 579:598 S. aureus cell walls 579:598 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 5 54 with treatment 1087:1095 arg1 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) 1118:1164 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 54 with treatment 1087:1095 arg1 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1170:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 54 with treatment 1087:1095 arg1 antibiotics 1106:1116 the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1102:1216 the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1102:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 55 dep antibiotics 1106:1116 arg1 inhibitor 1155:1163 a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor 1130:1163 a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor 1130:1163 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 55 dep antibiotics 1106:1116 arg1 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) 1118:1164 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 55 dep antibiotics 1106:1116 arg1 antibiotics 1106:1116 the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1102:1216 the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1102:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 55 dep antibiotics 1106:1116 arg1 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1170:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 55 dep antibiotics 1106:1116 arg1 inhibitor 1207:1215 a protein synthesis inhibitor 1187:1215 a protein synthesis inhibitor 1187:1215 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 56 theme compositional 1058:1070 arg1 changes 1072:1078 distinct compositional changes 1049:1078 distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1049:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 57 theme distinct 1049:1056 arg1 changes 1072:1078 distinct compositional changes 1049:1078 distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1049:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 2 58 theme action 334:339 arg1 modes 325:329 drug modes 320:329 drug modes 320:329 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 5 59 theme protein 1189:1195 arg1 inhibitor 1207:1215 a protein synthesis inhibitor 1187:1215 a protein synthesis inhibitor 1187:1215 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 59 theme protein 1189:1195 arg1 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol 1170:1184 chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1170:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 60 theme NMR 1000:1002 arg1 approach 1004:1011 the whole-cell NMR approach 985:1011 the whole-cell NMR approach 985:1011 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 6 61 theme decreased 1265:1273 arg1 contributions 1289:1301 decreased peptidoglycan contributions 1265:1301 decreased peptidoglycan contributions 1265:1301 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 3 62 theme NMR 493:495 arg1 spectroscopy 497:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy 463:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy 463:508 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 6 63 theme protein 1406:1412 arg1 content 1414:1420 cytoplasmic protein content 1394:1420 cytoplasmic protein content 1394:1420 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 6 64 theme higher 1356:1361 arg1 percentage 1363:1372 a higher percentage 1354:1372 a higher percentage of peptidoglycan 1354:1389 Whole cells treated with fosfomycin exhibited decreased peptidoglycan contributions while those treated with chloramphenicol contained a higher percentage of peptidoglycan as cytoplasmic protein content was reduced. 25809251 5 65 theme due 1080:1082 arg1 changes 1072:1078 distinct compositional changes 1049:1078 distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor) 1049:1216 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 2 66 theme Quantifying 245:255 arg1 alterations 257:267 Quantifying alterations 245:267 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition 245:292 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 3 67 theme full 536:539 arg1 panel 541:545 the full panel 532:545 the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells 532:621 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 1 68 theme major 216:220 arg1 target 222:227 a major target 214:227 a major target of antibiotics 214:242 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 4 69 theme one-dimensional 643:657 arg1 C 663:663 one-dimensional (13)C 643:663 one-dimensional (13)C 643:663 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 3 70 theme whole 611:615 arg1 cells 617:621 intact whole cells 604:621 intact whole cells 604:621 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 2 71 theme human 369:373 arg1 pathogens 375:383 human pathogens 369:383 human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus 369:460 Quantifying alterations in cell-wall composition are crucial to evaluating drug modes of action, particularly important for human pathogens that are now resistant to multiple antibiotics such as Staphylococcus aureus. 25809251 5 72 theme biosynthesis 1142:1153 arg1 inhibitor 1155:1163 a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor 1130:1163 a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor 1130:1163 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 5 72 theme biosynthesis 1142:1153 arg1 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin 1118:1127 fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) 1118:1164 Furthermore, the whole-cell NMR approach exhibited the sensitivity to detect distinct compositional changes due to treatment with the antibiotics fosfomycin (a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor) and chloramphenicol (a protein synthesis inhibitor). 25809251 4 73 theme two-dimensional 765:779 arg1 measurements 796:807 two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements 765:807 dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements 736:807 We discovered that one-dimensional (13)C and (15)N NMR spectra, together with spectroscopic selections based on dipolar couplings as well as two-dimensional spin-diffusion measurements, revealed the dramatic compositional differences between intact cells and cell walls and allowed the identification of cell-wall signatures in whole-cell samples. 25809251 1 74 theme thick 156:160 arg1 essential 180:188 essential 180:188 essential 180:188 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 1 74 theme thick 156:160 arg1 wall 167:170 a thick cell wall 154:170 a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics 154:242 Gram-positive bacteria surround themselves with a thick cell wall that is essential to cell survival and is a major target of antibiotics. 25809251 3 75 from panel 541:545 arg1 cells 617:621 intact whole cells 604:621 intact whole cells 604:621 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 25809251 3 75 from panel 541:545 arg1 walls 594:598 S. aureus cell walls 579:598 S. aureus cell walls 579:598 Macromolecular and whole-cell NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the full panel of carbon and nitrogen pools in S. aureus cell walls and intact whole cells. 29121887 6 0 theme major 1128:1132 arg1 monomer 1134:1140 the major monomer 1124:1140 the major monomer 1124:1140 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 6 0 theme major 1128:1132 arg1 glucose 1113:1119 glucose 1113:1119 glucose 1113:1119 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 11 1 theme antioxidant 1628:1638 arg1 activities 1640:1649 moderate antioxidant activities 1619:1649 moderate antioxidant activities 1619:1649 These EPS samples also showed moderate antioxidant activities. 29121887 1 2 theme track 416:420 arg1 " 421:421 a "slime track" 407:421 a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate 407:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 9 3 theme inhibitory 1443:1452 arg1 concentrations 1454:1467 Minimum inhibitory concentrations 1435:1467 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus 1435:1482 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus were found to be 2560 μg/mL and 1280 μg/mL for EPS from Phy. 29121887 2 4 theme biological 604:613 arg1 activities 615:624 biological activities 604:624 biological activities 604:624 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 2 5 theme Physarum 719:726 arg1 polycephalum 728:739 Physarum polycephalum 719:739 Physarum polycephalum 719:739 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 2 6 dep composition 588:598 arg1 the 575:577 the 575:577 the 575:577 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 0 7 theme crude 68:72 arg1 exopolysaccharides 74:91 crude exopolysaccharides 68:91 crude exopolysaccharides 68:91 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 2 8 theme plasmodia 706:714 arg1 surface 691:697 the surface 687:697 the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga 687:762 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 16 9 theme potential 2056:2064 arg1 source 2066:2071 a potential source 2054:2071 a potential source of anticancer compounds 2054:2095 oblonga could be a potential source of anticancer compounds. 29121887 16 9 theme potential 2056:2064 arg1 oblonga 2037:2043 oblonga 2037:2043 oblonga 2037:2043 oblonga could be a potential source of anticancer compounds. 29121887 14 10 theme inhibitory 1847:1856 arg1 concentration 1858:1870 the half inhibitory concentration 1838:1870 the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL 1838:1900 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 14 10 theme inhibitory 1847:1856 arg1 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 12 11 theme HepG2 1712:1716 arg1 cells 1725:1729 HepG2 cancer cells 1712:1729 HepG2 cancer cells 1712:1729 However, they both displayed cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. 29121887 2 12 theme oblonga 756:762 arg1 plasmodia 706:714 the plasmodia 702:714 the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga 702:762 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 0 13 theme polycephalum 129:140 arg1 plasmodia 107:115 plasmodia 107:115 plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga 107:163 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 3 14 dep RESULTS 765:771 arg1 indicated 791:799 indicated 791:799 indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups 791:915 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 1 15 theme slime 219:223 arg1 name 213:216 their common name 200:216 their common name (slime molds) 200:230 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 1 15 theme slime 219:223 arg1 molds 225:229 slime molds 219:229 slime molds 219:229 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 16 16 theme compounds 2087:2095 arg1 source 2066:2071 a potential source 2054:2071 a potential source of anticancer compounds 2054:2095 oblonga could be a potential source of anticancer compounds. 29121887 16 16 theme compounds 2087:2095 arg1 oblonga 2037:2043 oblonga 2037:2043 oblonga 2037:2043 oblonga could be a potential source of anticancer compounds. 29121887 0 17 theme Physarella 146:155 arg1 oblonga 157:163 Physarella oblonga 146:163 Physarella oblonga 146:163 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 14 18 theme HepG2 1829:1833 arg1 growth 1809:1814 the cell growth 1800:1814 the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 1800:1833 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 2 19 theme first 546:550 arg1 attempt 552:558 the first attempt 542:558 the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga 542:762 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 1 20 theme left 392:395 arg1 behind 397:402 left behind 392:402 left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate 392:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 14 21 theme MCF-7 1819:1823 arg1 growth 1809:1814 the cell growth 1800:1814 the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 1800:1833 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 8 22 theme ≥20 mm 1426:1431 arg1 zone 1407:1410 zone 1407:1410 zone of inhibition ≥20 mm 1407:1431 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 5 23 theme species 1021:1027 arg1 EPS 1037:1039 the EPS 1033:1039 the EPS of Phy 1033:1046 The slime tracks of both species and the EPS of Phy. 29121887 5 23 theme species 1021:1027 arg1 tracks 1006:1011 The slime tracks 996:1011 The slime tracks of both species 996:1027 The slime tracks of both species and the EPS of Phy. 29121887 3 24 theme slime 810:814 arg1 tracks 816:821 the slime tracks 806:821 the slime tracks 806:821 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 0 25 theme exopolysaccharides 74:91 arg1 activities 11:20 Biological activities 0:20 Biological activities 0:20 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 0 25 theme exopolysaccharides 74:91 arg1 compositions 35:46 chemical compositions 26:46 chemical compositions 26:46 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 1 26 dep stage 263:267 arg1 plasmodium 270:279 plasmodium 270:279 the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) 237:280 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 3 27 theme EPS 842:844 arg1 samples 827:833 samples 827:833 samples 827:833 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 3 27 theme EPS 842:844 arg1 tracks 816:821 the slime tracks 806:821 the slime tracks 806:821 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 2 28 theme slime 629:633 arg1 tracks 635:640 slime tracks 629:640 slime tracks 629:640 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 1 29 theme slimy 349:353 arg1 materials 355:363 slimy materials 349:363 slimy materials 349:363 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 15 30 dep Ph. 1938:1940 arg1 polycephalum 1942:1953 polycephalum 1942:1953 polycephalum 1942:1953 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 31 theme compounds 2008:2016 arg1 source 1987:1992 a potential source 1975:1992 a potential source of antifungal compounds 1975:2016 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 31 theme compounds 2008:2016 arg1 EPS 2023:2025 EPS 2023:2025 EPS from Phy 2023:2034 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 31 theme compounds 2008:2016 arg1 EPS 1929:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS 1917:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1917:1964 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 2 32 theme exopolysaccharides 650:667 arg1 composition 588:598 chemical composition 579:598 chemical composition 579:598 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 2 32 theme exopolysaccharides 650:667 arg1 activities 615:624 biological activities 604:624 biological activities 604:624 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 0 33 theme Biological 0:9 arg1 activities 11:20 Biological activities 0:20 Biological activities 0:20 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 7 34 theme moderate 1264:1271 arg1 activity 1221:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 7 34 theme moderate 1264:1271 arg1 activity 1285:1292 only moderate antioxidant activity 1259:1292 only moderate antioxidant activity 1259:1292 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 1 35 theme life 289:292 arg1 cycle 294:298 the life cycle 285:298 the life cycle 285:298 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 15 36 theme potential 1977:1985 arg1 source 1987:1992 a potential source 1975:1992 a potential source of antifungal compounds 1975:2016 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 36 theme potential 1977:1985 arg1 EPS 1929:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS 1917:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1917:1964 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 3 37 theme various 893:899 arg1 groups 910:915 various sulphate groups 893:915 various sulphate groups 893:915 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 9 38 theme fungus 1477:1482 arg1 concentrations 1454:1467 Minimum inhibitory concentrations 1435:1467 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus 1435:1482 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus were found to be 2560 μg/mL and 1280 μg/mL for EPS from Phy. 29121887 8 39 theme antimicrobial 1345:1357 arg1 activities 1359:1368 remarkable antimicrobial activities 1334:1368 remarkable antimicrobial activities 1334:1368 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 7 40 theme anticancer 1235:1244 arg1 activity 1246:1253 low anticancer activity 1231:1253 low anticancer activity 1231:1253 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 7 40 theme anticancer 1235:1244 arg1 activity 1221:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 4 41 theme present 987:993 arg1 glucose 929:935 glucose 929:935 glucose 929:935 Galactose, glucose and rhamnose are the monomers of the cabohydrates present. 29121887 4 41 theme present 987:993 arg1 Galactose 918:926 Galactose 918:926 Galactose 918:926 Galactose, glucose and rhamnose are the monomers of the cabohydrates present. 29121887 4 41 theme present 987:993 arg1 present 987:993 the cabohydrates present 970:993 the cabohydrates present 970:993 Galactose, glucose and rhamnose are the monomers of the cabohydrates present. 29121887 4 41 theme present 987:993 arg1 rhamnose 941:948 rhamnose 941:948 rhamnose 941:948 Galactose, glucose and rhamnose are the monomers of the cabohydrates present. 29121887 4 41 theme present 987:993 arg1 monomers 958:965 the monomers 954:965 the monomers of the cabohydrates present 954:993 Galactose, glucose and rhamnose are the monomers of the cabohydrates present. 29121887 0 42 theme slime 51:55 arg1 tracks 57:62 slime tracks 51:62 slime tracks 51:62 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 14 43 theme 1.11 mg/mL 1891:1900 arg1 concentration 1858:1870 the half inhibitory concentration 1838:1870 the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL 1838:1900 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 14 43 theme 1.11 mg/mL 1891:1900 arg1 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 15 44 theme CONCLUSIONS 1917:1927 arg1 source 1987:1992 a potential source 1975:1992 a potential source of antifungal compounds 1975:2016 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 44 theme CONCLUSIONS 1917:1927 arg1 EPS 1929:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS 1917:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1917:1964 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 14 45 theme 1.22 1882:1885 arg1 concentration 1858:1870 the half inhibitory concentration 1838:1870 the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL 1838:1900 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 14 45 theme 1.22 1882:1885 arg1 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 7 46 theme antimicrobial 1207:1219 arg1 activity 1246:1253 low anticancer activity 1231:1253 low anticancer activity 1231:1253 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 7 46 theme antimicrobial 1207:1219 arg1 activity 1221:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 7 46 theme antimicrobial 1207:1219 arg1 activity 1285:1292 only moderate antioxidant activity 1259:1292 only moderate antioxidant activity 1259:1292 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 1 47 theme particular 472:481 arg1 substrate 483:491 a particular substrate 470:491 a particular substrate 470:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 1 48 theme multinucleate 241:253 arg1 stage 263:267 the multinucleate trophic stage 237:267 the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) 237:280 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 13 49 theme Phy 1777:1779 arg1 plasmodium 1763:1772 the plasmodium 1759:1772 the plasmodium of Phy 1759:1779 Notably, EPS isolated from the plasmodium of Phy. 29121887 8 50 from species 1319:1325 arg1 EPSs 1304:1307 EPSs 1304:1307 EPSs from both species 1304:1325 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 7 51 theme slime 1181:1185 arg1 tracks 1187:1192 the slime tracks 1177:1192 the slime tracks 1177:1192 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 11 52 theme EPS 1595:1597 arg1 samples 1599:1605 These EPS samples 1589:1605 These EPS samples 1589:1605 These EPS samples also showed moderate antioxidant activities. 29121887 1 53 theme slime 410:414 arg1 " 421:421 a "slime track" 407:421 a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate 407:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 2 54 theme polycephalum 728:739 arg1 plasmodia 706:714 the plasmodia 702:714 the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga 702:762 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 6 55 contain had 1109:1111 arg2 monomer 1134:1140 the major monomer 1124:1140 the major monomer 1124:1140 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 6 55 contain had 1109:1111 arg2 glucose 1113:1119 glucose 1113:1119 glucose 1113:1119 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 6 55 contain had 1109:1111 arg1 EPS 1085:1087 the EPS 1081:1087 the EPS of Ph. polycephalum 1081:1107 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 15 56 from Phy 2032:2034 arg1 source 1987:1992 a potential source 1975:1992 a potential source of antifungal compounds 1975:2016 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 56 from Phy 2032:2034 arg1 EPS 2023:2025 EPS 2023:2025 EPS from Phy 2023:2034 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 56 from Phy 2032:2034 arg1 EPS 1929:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS 1917:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1917:1964 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 11 57 theme moderate 1619:1626 arg1 activities 1640:1649 moderate antioxidant activities 1619:1649 moderate antioxidant activities 1619:1649 These EPS samples also showed moderate antioxidant activities. 29121887 7 58 theme biological 1154:1163 arg1 activities 1165:1174 biological activities 1154:1174 biological activities 1154:1174 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 1 59 theme common 206:211 arg1 name 213:216 their common name 200:216 their common name (slime molds) 200:230 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 1 59 theme common 206:211 arg1 molds 225:229 slime molds 219:229 slime molds 219:229 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 2 60 theme chemical 579:586 arg1 composition 588:598 chemical composition 579:598 chemical composition 579:598 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 12 61 theme cancer 1718:1723 arg1 cells 1725:1729 HepG2 cancer cells 1712:1729 HepG2 cancer cells 1712:1729 However, they both displayed cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. 29121887 6 62 theme polycephalum 1096:1107 arg1 EPS 1085:1087 the EPS 1081:1087 the EPS of Ph. polycephalum 1081:1107 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 16 63 theme anticancer 2076:2085 arg1 compounds 2087:2095 anticancer compounds 2076:2095 anticancer compounds 2076:2095 oblonga could be a potential source of anticancer compounds. 29121887 14 64 theme half 1842:1845 arg1 concentration 1858:1870 the half inhibitory concentration 1838:1870 the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL 1838:1900 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 14 64 theme half 1842:1845 arg1 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 IC50 1873:1876 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 2 65 theme Physarella 745:754 arg1 oblonga 756:762 Physarella oblonga 745:762 Physarella oblonga 745:762 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 1 66 from stage 263:267 arg1 cycle 294:298 the life cycle 285:298 the life cycle 285:298 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 8 67 theme inhibition 1415:1424 arg1 ≥20 mm 1426:1431 inhibition ≥20 mm 1415:1431 inhibition ≥20 mm 1415:1431 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 5 68 theme Phy 1044:1046 arg1 EPS 1037:1039 the EPS 1033:1039 the EPS of Phy 1033:1046 The slime tracks of both species and the EPS of Phy. 29121887 5 68 theme Phy 1044:1046 arg1 tracks 1006:1011 The slime tracks 996:1011 The slime tracks of both species 996:1027 The slime tracks of both species and the EPS of Phy. 29121887 8 69 dep albicans 1397:1404 arg1 zone 1407:1410 zone 1407:1410 zone of inhibition ≥20 mm 1407:1431 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 9 70 from Phy 1540:1542 arg1 EPS 1531:1533 EPS 1531:1533 EPS from Phy 1531:1542 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus were found to be 2560 μg/mL and 1280 μg/mL for EPS from Phy. 29121887 6 71 contain contained 1057:1065 arg2 rhamnose 1067:1074 rhamnose 1067:1074 rhamnose 1067:1074 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 6 71 contain contained 1057:1065 arg1 oblonga 1049:1055 oblonga 1049:1055 oblonga 1049:1055 oblonga contained rhamnose, but the EPS of Ph. polycephalum had glucose as the major monomer. 29121887 7 72 theme activities 1165:1174 arg1 term 1146:1149 term 1146:1149 term of biological activities 1146:1174 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 14 73 theme cell 1804:1807 arg1 growth 1809:1814 the cell growth 1800:1814 the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 1800:1833 oblonga inhibited the cell growth of MCF-7 and HepG2 at the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.22 and 1.11 mg/mL, respectively. 29121887 3 74 theme Chemical 773:780 arg1 analyses 782:789 Chemical analyses 773:789 Chemical analyses 773:789 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 1 75 theme noticeable 328:337 arg1 amount 339:344 a noticeable amount 326:344 a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate 326:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 1 75 theme noticeable 328:337 arg1 materials 355:363 slimy materials 349:363 slimy materials 349:363 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 2 76 theme tracks 635:640 arg1 composition 588:598 chemical composition 579:598 chemical composition 579:598 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 2 76 theme tracks 635:640 arg1 activities 615:624 biological activities 604:624 biological activities 604:624 The study reported herein apparently represents the first attempt to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of slime tracks and the exopolysaccharides (EPS) which cover the surface of the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 15 77 from plasmodium 1955:1964 arg1 source 1987:1992 a potential source 1975:1992 a potential source of antifungal compounds 1975:2016 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 15 77 from plasmodium 1955:1964 arg1 EPS 1929:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS 1917:1931 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1917:1964 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 0 78 theme Physarum 120:127 arg1 polycephalum 129:140 Physarum polycephalum 120:140 Physarum polycephalum 120:140 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 1 79 theme materials 355:363 arg1 amount 339:344 a noticeable amount 326:344 a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate 326:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 1 79 theme materials 355:363 arg1 materials 355:363 slimy materials 349:363 slimy materials 349:363 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 15 80 theme antifungal 1997:2006 arg1 compounds 2008:2016 antifungal compounds 1997:2016 antifungal compounds 1997:2016 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 7 81 theme antioxidant 1273:1283 arg1 activity 1221:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 7 81 theme antioxidant 1273:1283 arg1 activity 1285:1292 only moderate antioxidant activity 1259:1292 only moderate antioxidant activity 1259:1292 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 0 82 theme oblonga 157:163 arg1 plasmodia 107:115 plasmodia 107:115 plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga 107:163 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 0 83 theme chemical 26:33 arg1 compositions 35:46 chemical compositions 26:46 chemical compositions 26:46 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 1 84 dep BACKGROUND 166:175 arg1 derive 193:198 derive 193:198 derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate 193:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 3 85 theme sulphate 901:908 arg1 groups 910:915 various sulphate groups 893:915 various sulphate groups 893:915 RESULTS Chemical analyses indicated that the slime tracks and samples of the EPS consist largely of carbohydrates, proteins and various sulphate groups. 29121887 7 86 theme low 1231:1233 arg1 activity 1246:1253 low anticancer activity 1231:1253 low anticancer activity 1231:1253 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 7 86 theme low 1231:1233 arg1 activity 1221:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 no antimicrobial activity 1204:1228 In term of biological activities, the slime tracks displayed no antimicrobial activity, low anticancer activity and only moderate antioxidant activity. 29121887 8 87 theme remarkable 1334:1343 arg1 activities 1359:1368 remarkable antimicrobial activities 1334:1368 remarkable antimicrobial activities 1334:1368 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 0 88 theme tracks 57:62 arg1 activities 11:20 Biological activities 0:20 Biological activities 0:20 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 0 88 theme tracks 57:62 arg1 compositions 35:46 chemical compositions 26:46 chemical compositions 26:46 Biological activities and chemical compositions of slime tracks and crude exopolysaccharides isolated from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum and Physarella oblonga. 29121887 5 89 theme slime 1000:1004 arg1 tracks 1006:1011 The slime tracks 996:1011 The slime tracks of both species 996:1027 The slime tracks of both species and the EPS of Phy. 29121887 4 90 theme cabohydrates 974:985 arg1 present 987:993 the cabohydrates present 970:993 the cabohydrates present 970:993 Galactose, glucose and rhamnose are the monomers of the cabohydrates present. 29121887 15 91 theme Ph. 1938:1940 arg1 plasmodium 1955:1964 Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1938:1964 Ph. polycephalum plasmodium 1938:1964 CONCLUSIONS EPS from Ph. polycephalum plasmodium could be a potential source of antifungal compounds, and EPS from Phy. 29121887 9 92 theme Minimum 1435:1441 arg1 concentrations 1454:1467 Minimum inhibitory concentrations 1435:1467 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus 1435:1482 Minimum inhibitory concentrations of this fungus were found to be 2560 μg/mL and 1280 μg/mL for EPS from Phy. 29121887 8 93 theme Candida 1389:1395 arg1 albicans 1397:1404 Candida albicans 1389:1404 Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm) 1389:1432 However, EPSs from both species showed remarkable antimicrobial activities, especially toward Candida albicans (zone of inhibition ≥20 mm). 29121887 1 94 theme substrate 483:491 arg1 surface 459:465 the surface 455:465 the surface of a particular substrate 455:491 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 29121887 1 95 theme trophic 255:261 arg1 stage 263:267 the multinucleate trophic stage 237:267 the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) 237:280 BACKGROUND The myxomycetes derive their common name (slime molds) from the multinucleate trophic stage (plasmodium) in the life cycle, which typically produces a noticeable amount of slimy materials, some of which is normally left behind as a "slime track" as the plasmodium migrates over the surface of a particular substrate. 25852272 7 0 from biomarker 1203:1211 arg1 cancer 1245:1250 pancreatic cancer 1234:1250 pancreatic cancer 1234:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 5 1 from significant 843:853 arg1 cells 880:884 gemcitabine-resistant cells 858:884 gemcitabine-resistant cells 858:884 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 1 from significant 843:853 arg1 cells 897:901 sphere cells 890:901 sphere cells 890:901 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 3 2 theme CSC 501:503 arg1 fractions 505:513 CSC fractions 501:513 CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44 501:559 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 7 3 from cancer 1245:1250 arg1 Fucosylation 1179:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation 1168:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation 1168:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 7 3 from cancer 1245:1250 arg1 biomarker 1203:1211 a biomarker 1201:1211 a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer 1201:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 0 4 theme cell-like 70:78 arg1 phenotypes 80:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 6 5 theme CSC-like 1143:1150 arg1 transformation 1152:1165 CSC-like transformation 1143:1165 CSC-like transformation 1143:1165 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 7 6 theme CONCLUSION 1168:1177 arg1 Fucosylation 1179:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation 1168:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation 1168:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 7 6 theme CONCLUSION 1168:1177 arg1 biomarker 1203:1211 a biomarker 1201:1211 a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer 1201:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 1 7 from tissue 146:151 arg1 cells 128:132 cancer stem cells 116:132 cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines 116:165 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 1 7 from tissue 146:151 arg1 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 2 8 theme CSC-like 278:285 arg1 fractions 287:295 CSC-like fractions 278:295 CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 278:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 6 9 theme transporter 1030:1040 arg1 knockdown 1002:1010 knockdown 1002:1010 knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter 1002:1040 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 4 10 theme GDP-fucose 754:763 arg1 transporters 765:776 GDP-fucose transporters 754:776 GDP-fucose transporters 754:776 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 7 11 from cells 1225:1229 arg1 cancer 1245:1250 pancreatic cancer 1234:1250 pancreatic cancer 1234:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 5 12 theme line 937:940 arg1 cells 880:884 gemcitabine-resistant cells 858:884 gemcitabine-resistant cells 858:884 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 12 theme line 937:940 arg1 cells 897:901 sphere cells 890:901 sphere cells 890:901 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 4 13 theme fucosylation 587:598 arg1 types 578:582 Several types 570:582 Several types of fucosylation 570:598 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 2 14 theme line 333:336 arg1 fractions 287:295 CSC-like fractions 278:295 CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 278:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 6 15 theme increased 1096:1104 arg1 fucosylation 1115:1126 increased cellular fucosylation 1096:1126 increased cellular fucosylation 1096:1126 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 6 15 theme increased 1096:1104 arg1 result 1133:1138 a result 1131:1138 a result of CSC-like transformation 1131:1165 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 4 16 theme CSC-like 808:815 arg1 cells 817:821 CSC-like cells 808:821 CSC-like cells 808:821 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 17 theme genes 685:689 arg1 expression 647:656 the expression 643:656 the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters 643:776 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 18 theme fucosylation 661:672 arg1 fucosyltransferases 699:717 fucosyltransferases 699:717 fucosyltransferases 699:717 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 18 theme fucosylation 661:672 arg1 transporters 765:776 GDP-fucose transporters 754:776 GDP-fucose transporters 754:776 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 18 theme fucosylation 661:672 arg1 enzymes 741:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 18 theme fucosylation 661:672 arg1 genes 685:689 fucosylation regulatory genes 661:689 fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters 661:776 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 6 19 theme GDP-fucose 1019:1028 arg1 transporter 1030:1040 the GDP-fucose transporter 1015:1040 the GDP-fucose transporter 1015:1040 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 0 20 from type 39:42 arg1 phenotypes 80:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 1 21 theme cell 156:159 arg1 lines 161:165 cell lines 156:165 cell lines 156:165 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 7 22 theme pancreatic 1234:1243 arg1 cancer 1245:1250 pancreatic cancer 1234:1250 pancreatic cancer 1234:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 3 23 from Changes 394:400 arg1 structure 412:420 glycan structure 405:420 glycan structure of CSC-like cells 405:438 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 2 24 theme human 304:308 arg1 line 333:336 human pancreatic cancer cell line 304:336 the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 300:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 4 25 dep RESULTS 562:568 arg1 enhanced 796:803 enhanced 796:803 were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells 778:821 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 25 dep RESULTS 562:568 arg1 increased 605:613 increased 605:613 were increased under these conditions 600:636 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 3 26 theme CSC-like 425:432 arg1 cells 434:438 CSC-like cells 425:438 CSC-like cells 425:438 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 7 27 theme CSC-like 1216:1223 arg1 cells 1225:1229 CSC-like cells 1216:1229 CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer 1216:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 2 28 theme drug-resistant 372:385 arg1 cells 387:391 anti-cancer drug-resistant cells 360:391 anti-cancer drug-resistant cells 360:391 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 0 29 theme common 18:23 arg1 type 39:42 a common glycosylation type 16:42 a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 16:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 0 29 theme common 18:23 arg1 Fucosylation 0:11 Fucosylation 0:11 Fucosylation 0:11 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 2 30 dep line 333:336 arg1 Panc1 338:342 Panc1 338:342 the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 300:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 3 31 theme sphere-forming 466:479 arg1 cells 481:485 sphere-forming cells 466:485 sphere-forming cells 466:485 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 5 32 theme gemcitabine-resistant 858:878 arg1 cells 880:884 gemcitabine-resistant cells 858:884 gemcitabine-resistant cells 858:884 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 4 33 theme Several 570:576 arg1 types 578:582 Several types 570:582 Several types of fucosylation 570:598 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 1 34 theme various 180:186 arg1 definitions 188:198 various definitions 180:198 various definitions 180:198 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 2 35 theme cell 328:331 arg1 line 333:336 human pancreatic cancer cell line 304:336 the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 300:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 3 36 theme cells 434:438 arg1 structure 412:420 glycan structure 405:420 glycan structure of CSC-like cells 405:438 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 5 37 theme sphere 890:895 arg1 cells 897:901 sphere cells 890:901 sphere cells 890:901 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 0 38 theme glycosylation 25:37 arg1 type 39:42 a common glycosylation type 16:42 a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 16:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 0 38 theme glycosylation 25:37 arg1 Fucosylation 0:11 Fucosylation 0:11 Fucosylation 0:11 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 6 39 theme fucosylation 986:997 arg1 downregulation 959:972 downregulation 959:972 downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter 959:1040 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 5 40 theme human 908:912 arg1 line 937:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 40 theme human 908:912 arg1 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 6 41 theme gemcitabine 1056:1066 arg1 resistance 1068:1077 gemcitabine resistance 1056:1077 gemcitabine resistance 1056:1077 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 0 42 theme pancreatic 47:56 arg1 phenotypes 80:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 5 43 theme cancer 925:930 arg1 line 937:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 43 theme cancer 925:930 arg1 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 44 from cells 897:901 arg1 significant 843:853 significant 843:853 significant 843:853 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 1 45 theme cancer 116:121 arg1 cells 128:132 cancer stem cells 116:132 cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines 116:165 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 1 45 theme cancer 116:121 arg1 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 3 46 theme glycan 405:410 arg1 structure 412:420 glycan structure 405:420 glycan structure of CSC-like cells 405:438 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 5 47 from cells 880:884 arg1 significant 843:853 significant 843:853 significant 843:853 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 1 48 theme stem 123:126 arg1 cells 128:132 cancer stem cells 116:132 cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines 116:165 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 1 48 theme stem 123:126 arg1 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 7 49 theme cells 1225:1229 arg1 Fucosylation 1179:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation 1168:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation 1168:1190 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 7 49 theme cells 1225:1229 arg1 biomarker 1203:1211 a biomarker 1201:1211 a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer 1201:1250 CONCLUSION Fucosylation might be a biomarker of CSC-like cells in pancreatic cancer. 25852272 4 50 theme synthetic 731:739 arg1 enzymes 741:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 51 theme regulatory 674:683 arg1 fucosyltransferases 699:717 fucosyltransferases 699:717 fucosyltransferases 699:717 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 51 theme regulatory 674:683 arg1 transporters 765:776 GDP-fucose transporters 754:776 GDP-fucose transporters 754:776 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 51 theme regulatory 674:683 arg1 enzymes 741:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 4 51 theme regulatory 674:683 arg1 genes 685:689 fucosylation regulatory genes 661:689 fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters 661:776 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 25852272 2 52 theme cancer 321:326 arg1 line 333:336 human pancreatic cancer cell line 304:336 the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 300:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 3 53 theme CD44 556:559 arg1 overexpression 529:542 overexpression 529:542 overexpression of CD24 and CD44 529:559 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 1 54 theme cell 204:207 arg1 markers 217:223 cell surface markers 204:223 cell surface markers 204:223 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 2 55 theme microarray 241:250 arg1 analysis 252:259 Lectin microarray analysis 234:259 Lectin microarray analysis 234:259 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 1 56 from lines 161:165 arg1 cells 128:132 cancer stem cells 116:132 cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines 116:165 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 1 56 from lines 161:165 arg1 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 CSCs 135:138 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 2 57 theme pancreatic 310:319 arg1 line 333:336 human pancreatic cancer cell line 304:336 the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 300:342 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 1 58 theme surface 209:215 arg1 markers 217:223 cell surface markers 204:223 cell surface markers 204:223 AIM To evaluate/isolate cancer stem cells (CSCs) from tissue or cell lines according to various definitions and cell surface markers. 25852272 0 59 theme stem 65:68 arg1 phenotypes 80:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 6 60 theme transformation 1152:1165 arg1 fucosylation 1115:1126 increased cellular fucosylation 1096:1126 increased cellular fucosylation 1096:1126 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 6 60 theme transformation 1152:1165 arg1 result 1133:1138 a result 1131:1138 a result of CSC-like transformation 1131:1165 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 2 61 theme Lectin 234:239 arg1 analysis 252:259 Lectin microarray analysis 234:259 Lectin microarray analysis 234:259 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 6 62 theme cellular 1106:1113 arg1 fucosylation 1115:1126 increased cellular fucosylation 1096:1126 increased cellular fucosylation 1096:1126 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 6 62 theme cellular 1106:1113 arg1 result 1133:1138 a result 1131:1138 a result of CSC-like transformation 1131:1165 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 2 63 theme anti-cancer 360:370 arg1 cells 387:391 anti-cancer drug-resistant cells 360:391 anti-cancer drug-resistant cells 360:391 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 2 64 dep METHODS 226:232 arg1 conducted 265:273 conducted 265:273 was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells 261:391 METHODS Lectin microarray analysis was conducted on CSC-like fractions of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 by establishing anti-cancer drug-resistant cells. 25852272 5 65 theme pancreatic 914:923 arg1 line 937:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 65 theme pancreatic 914:923 arg1 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 0 66 theme cancer 58:63 arg1 phenotypes 80:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes 47:89 Fucosylation is a common glycosylation type in pancreatic cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. 25852272 3 67 theme CD24 547:550 arg1 overexpression 529:542 overexpression 529:542 overexpression of CD24 and CD44 529:559 Changes in glycan structure of CSC-like cells were also investigated in sphere-forming cells as well as in CSC fractions obtained from overexpression of CD24 and CD44. 25852272 5 68 theme cell 932:935 arg1 line 937:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 a human pancreatic cancer cell line 906:940 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 5 68 theme cell 932:935 arg1 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 Panc1 943:947 These changes were significant in gemcitabine-resistant cells and sphere cells of a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Panc1. 25852272 6 69 theme cellular 977:984 arg1 fucosylation 986:997 cellular fucosylation 977:997 cellular fucosylation 977:997 However, downregulation of cellular fucosylation by knockdown of the GDP-fucose transporter did not alter gemcitabine resistance, indicating that increased cellular fucosylation is a result of CSC-like transformation. 25852272 4 70 theme GDP-fucose 720:729 arg1 enzymes 741:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes 720:747 RESULTS Several types of fucosylation were increased under these conditions, and the expression of fucosylation regulatory genes such as fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporters were dramatically enhanced in CSC-like cells. 29130773 8 0 dep glycoproteins 849:861 arg1 PWM 945:947 PWM 945:947 PWM 945:947 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 0 dep glycoproteins 849:861 arg1 PHA-E + L 991:999 PHA-E + L 991:999 PHA-E + L 991:999 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 0 dep glycoproteins 849:861 arg1 americana 934:942 Phytolacca americana 923:942 Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L) 923:987 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 10 1 theme new 1168:1170 arg1 insight 1178:1184 a new basic insight 1166:1184 a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP 1166:1219 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 5 2 theme salivary 488:495 arg1 glycosylation 505:517 salivary protein glycosylation 488:517 salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP 488:532 OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP. 29130773 1 3 theme oral 122:125 arg1 lesions 135:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions 106:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population 106:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 6 4 theme 30 591:592 arg1 age- 594:597 age- 594:597 age- 594:597 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 9 5 theme significant 1094:1104 arg1 alterations 1121:1131 significant age-associated alterations 1094:1131 significant age-associated alterations 1094:1131 Meanwhile, these glycoproteins also exhibited significant age-associated alterations. 29130773 1 6 theme mucosal 127:133 arg1 lesions 135:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions 106:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population 106:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 7 7 theme glycans 828:834 arg1 expression 806:815 the expression 802:815 the expression of certain glycans 802:834 The lectin blotting were further utilized to validate the expression of certain glycans. 29130773 9 8 gly glycoproteins 1065:1077 arg1 glycoproteins 1065:1077 these glycoproteins 1059:1077 these glycoproteins 1059:1077 Meanwhile, these glycoproteins also exhibited significant age-associated alterations. 29130773 0 9 from Alteration 0:9 arg1 planus 52:57 oral lichen planus 40:57 oral lichen planus 40:57 Alteration of salivary glycopatterns in oral lichen planus. 29130773 6 10 with volunteers 623:632 arg1 OLP 583:585 OLP 583:585 OLP 583:585 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 8 11 theme Phytolacca 923:932 arg1 PWM 945:947 PWM 945:947 PWM 945:947 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 11 theme Phytolacca 923:932 arg1 americana 934:942 Phytolacca americana 923:942 Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L) 923:987 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 2 12 theme mucosal 243:249 arg1 diseases 251:258 other oral mucosal diseases 232:258 other oral mucosal diseases 232:258 It is difficult to distinguish between OLP and other oral mucosal diseases. 29130773 8 13 dep lectins 883:889 arg1 AAL 917:919 AAL 917:919 AAL 917:919 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 13 dep lectins 883:889 arg1 lectin 909:914 [Aleuria aurantia lectin 891:914 three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 877:920 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 1 14 theme BACKGROUND 60:69 arg1 OLP 91:93 OLP 91:93 OLP 91:93 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 1 14 theme BACKGROUND 60:69 arg1 planus 83:88 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus 60:88 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) 60:94 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 2 15 theme oral 238:241 arg1 diseases 251:258 other oral mucosal diseases 232:258 other oral mucosal diseases 232:258 It is difficult to distinguish between OLP and other oral mucosal diseases. 29130773 6 16 theme test 661:664 arg1 group 666:670 the test group 657:670 the test group 657:670 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 3 17 theme saliva 298:303 arg1 proteins 305:312 saliva proteins 298:312 saliva proteins 298:312 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins might be reliable indicators of OLP. 29130773 6 18 with patients 569:576 arg1 OLP 583:585 OLP 583:585 OLP 583:585 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 1 19 theme Oral 71:74 arg1 OLP 91:93 OLP 91:93 OLP 91:93 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 1 19 theme Oral 71:74 arg1 planus 83:88 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus 60:88 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) 60:94 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 7 20 theme certain 820:826 arg1 glycans 828:834 certain glycans 820:834 certain glycans 820:834 The lectin blotting were further utilized to validate the expression of certain glycans. 29130773 1 21 theme lesions 135:141 arg1 lesions 135:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions 106:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population 106:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 1 21 theme lesions 135:141 arg1 one 99:101 one 99:101 one 99:101 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 3 22 theme proteins 305:312 arg1 glycans 287:293 the glycans 283:293 the glycans of saliva proteins 283:312 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins might be reliable indicators of OLP. 29130773 7 23 used utilized 781:788 arg2 blotting 759:766 The lectin blotting 748:766 The lectin blotting 748:766 The lectin blotting were further utilized to validate the expression of certain glycans. 29130773 1 24 theme lichen 76:81 arg1 OLP 91:93 OLP 91:93 OLP 91:93 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 1 24 theme lichen 76:81 arg1 planus 83:88 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus 60:88 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) 60:94 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 10 25 theme new 1243:1245 arg1 biomarkers 1257:1266 new potential biomarkers 1243:1266 new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP 1243:1287 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 1 26 theme 0.5-2 153:157 arg1 % 158:158 0.5-2% 153:158 0.5-2% of the adult population 153:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 1 26 theme 0.5-2 153:157 arg1 population 173:182 the adult population 163:182 the adult population 163:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 3 27 theme OLP 346:348 arg1 indicators 332:341 reliable indicators 323:341 reliable indicators of OLP 323:348 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins might be reliable indicators of OLP. 29130773 8 28 gly glycoproteins 849:861 arg1 RESULTS 837:843 RESULTS 837:843 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] 837:1001 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 28 gly glycoproteins 849:861 arg1 glycoproteins 849:861 The glycoproteins 845:861 The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 845:920 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 6 29 theme lectin 728:733 arg1 microarrays 735:745 lectin microarrays 728:745 lectin microarrays 728:745 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 10 30 dep CONCLUSIONS 1134:1144 arg1 helped 1225:1230 helped 1225:1230 helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP 1225:1287 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 10 30 dep CONCLUSIONS 1134:1144 arg1 provided 1157:1164 provided 1157:1164 provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP 1157:1219 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 0 31 theme glycopatterns 23:35 arg1 Alteration 0:9 Alteration 0:9 Alteration of salivary glycopatterns in oral lichen planus. 0:58 Alteration of salivary glycopatterns in oral lichen planus. 29130773 8 32 theme vulgaris 961:968 arg1 E + L 982:986 E + L 982:986 E + L 982:986 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 32 theme vulgaris 961:968 arg1 agglutinin 970:979 Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin 951:979 Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L) 923:987 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 33 theme Phaseolus 951:959 arg1 E + L 982:986 E + L 982:986 E + L 982:986 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 33 theme Phaseolus 951:959 arg1 agglutinin 970:979 Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin 951:979 Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L) 923:987 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 9 34 theme age-associated 1106:1119 arg1 alterations 1121:1131 significant age-associated alterations 1094:1131 significant age-associated alterations 1094:1131 Meanwhile, these glycoproteins also exhibited significant age-associated alterations. 29130773 10 35 theme potential 1247:1255 arg1 biomarkers 1257:1266 new potential biomarkers 1243:1266 new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP 1243:1287 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 0 36 theme salivary 14:21 arg1 glycopatterns 23:35 salivary glycopatterns 14:35 salivary glycopatterns 14:35 Alteration of salivary glycopatterns in oral lichen planus. 29130773 2 37 theme other 232:236 arg1 diseases 251:258 other oral mucosal diseases 232:258 other oral mucosal diseases 232:258 It is difficult to distinguish between OLP and other oral mucosal diseases. 29130773 10 38 from glycopatterns 1200:1212 arg1 OLP 1217:1219 OLP 1217:1219 OLP 1217:1219 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 8 39 dep americana 934:942 arg1 E + L 982:986 E + L 982:986 E + L 982:986 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 39 dep americana 934:942 arg1 agglutinin 970:979 Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin 951:979 Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L) 923:987 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 0 40 theme oral 40:43 arg1 planus 52:57 oral lichen planus 40:57 oral lichen planus 40:57 Alteration of salivary glycopatterns in oral lichen planus. 29130773 7 41 theme lectin 752:757 arg1 blotting 759:766 The lectin blotting 748:766 The lectin blotting 748:766 The lectin blotting were further utilized to validate the expression of certain glycans. 29130773 8 42 theme [Aleuria 891:898 arg1 AAL 917:919 AAL 917:919 AAL 917:919 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 42 theme [Aleuria 891:898 arg1 lectin 909:914 [Aleuria aurantia lectin 891:914 three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 877:920 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 10 43 theme salivary 1191:1198 arg1 glycopatterns 1200:1212 salivary glycopatterns 1191:1212 salivary glycopatterns in OLP 1191:1219 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 1 44 theme adult 167:171 arg1 population 173:182 the adult population 163:182 the adult population 163:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 6 45 theme MATERIAL 535:542 arg1 patients 569:576 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients 535:576 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP 535:585 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 4 46 theme glycopatterns 409:421 arg1 alteration 386:395 the alteration 382:395 the alteration of salivary glycopatterns during OLP 382:432 However, little is known about the alteration of salivary glycopatterns during OLP. 29130773 3 47 theme reliable 323:330 arg1 indicators 332:341 reliable indicators 323:341 reliable indicators of OLP 323:348 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins might be reliable indicators of OLP. 29130773 5 48 theme protein 497:503 arg1 glycosylation 505:517 salivary protein glycosylation 488:517 salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP 488:532 OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP. 29130773 1 49 theme population 173:182 arg1 % 158:158 0.5-2% 153:158 0.5-2% of the adult population 153:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 1 49 theme population 173:182 arg1 population 173:182 the adult population 163:182 the adult population 163:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 3 50 theme Structural 261:270 arg1 changes 272:278 Structural changes 261:278 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins 261:312 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins might be reliable indicators of OLP. 29130773 4 51 theme salivary 400:407 arg1 glycopatterns 409:421 salivary glycopatterns 400:421 salivary glycopatterns 400:421 However, little is known about the alteration of salivary glycopatterns during OLP. 29130773 5 52 theme glycosylation 505:517 arg1 alterations 473:483 the alterations 469:483 the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP 469:532 OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP. 29130773 6 53 theme Twenty-eight 556:567 arg1 patients 569:576 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients 535:576 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP 535:585 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 0 54 theme lichen 45:50 arg1 planus 52:57 oral lichen planus 40:57 oral lichen planus 40:57 Alteration of salivary glycopatterns in oral lichen planus. 29130773 5 55 theme related 519:525 arg1 glycosylation 505:517 salivary protein glycosylation 488:517 salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP 488:532 OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP. 29130773 10 56 theme OLP 1285:1287 arg1 diagnosis 1272:1280 diagnosis 1272:1280 diagnosis of OLP 1272:1287 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 8 57 theme aurantia 900:907 arg1 AAL 917:919 AAL 917:919 AAL 917:919 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 8 57 theme aurantia 900:907 arg1 lectin 909:914 [Aleuria aurantia lectin 891:914 three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) 877:920 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 6 58 theme healthy 615:621 arg1 HVs 635:637 HVs 635:637 HVs 635:637 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 6 58 theme healthy 615:621 arg1 volunteers 623:632 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers 591:632 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) 591:638 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 6 59 theme salivary 699:706 arg1 glycopatterns 708:720 salivary glycopatterns 699:720 salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays 699:745 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 6 60 theme glycopatterns 708:720 arg1 difference 685:694 the difference 681:694 the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays 681:745 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 6 61 theme sex-matched 603:613 arg1 HVs 635:637 HVs 635:637 HVs 635:637 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 6 61 theme sex-matched 603:613 arg1 volunteers 623:632 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers 591:632 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) 591:638 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 5 62 dep OBJECTIVE 435:443 arg1 aimed 448:452 aimed 448:452 aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP 448:532 OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the alterations of salivary protein glycosylation related to OLP. 29130773 10 63 theme basic 1172:1176 arg1 insight 1178:1184 a new basic insight 1166:1184 a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP 1166:1219 CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new basic insight into salivary glycopatterns in OLP and helped to develop new potential biomarkers for diagnosis of OLP. 29130773 8 64 theme OLP 1043:1045 arg1 saliva 1033:1038 the saliva 1029:1038 the saliva of OLP 1029:1045 RESULTS The glycoproteins recognized by three lectins [Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL); Phytolacca americana (PWM); Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (E + L), (PHA-E + L)] were mainly increasing in the saliva of OLP. 29130773 6 65 theme METHODS 548:554 arg1 patients 569:576 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients 535:576 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP 535:585 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 1 66 theme common 115:120 arg1 lesions 135:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions 106:141 the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population 106:182 BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal lesions affecting 0.5-2% of the adult population. 29130773 6 67 theme age- 594:597 arg1 HVs 635:637 HVs 635:637 HVs 635:637 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 6 67 theme age- 594:597 arg1 volunteers 623:632 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers 591:632 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) 591:638 MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with OLP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in the test group to probe the difference of salivary glycopatterns using lectin microarrays. 29130773 3 68 from changes 272:278 arg1 glycans 287:293 the glycans 283:293 the glycans of saliva proteins 283:312 Structural changes in the glycans of saliva proteins might be reliable indicators of OLP. 25839812 2 0 theme glycosidic 637:646 arg1 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 0 theme glycosidic 637:646 arg1 linkages 648:655 the glycosidic linkages 633:655 the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China 633:732 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 0 1 from characterization 25:40 arg1 body 79:82 the fruiting body 66:82 the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 66:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 1 2 theme evaluation 155:164 arg1 system 166:171 An evaluation system 152:171 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis 152:322 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 2 3 theme compositional 599:611 arg1 monosaccharides 613:627 the compositional monosaccharides 595:627 the compositional monosaccharides 595:627 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 3 theme compositional 599:611 arg1 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 1 4 theme GC-MS 262:266 arg1 analysis 268:275 GC-MS analysis 262:275 GC-MS analysis 262:275 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 5 from results 942:948 arg1 beneficial 967:976 beneficial 967:976 beneficial 967:976 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 5 from results 942:948 arg1 implications 918:929 The implications 914:929 The implications from these results 914:948 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 1 6 from polysaccharides 459:473 arg1 H. 478:479 H. 478:479 H. 478:479 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 2 7 from weights 586:592 arg1 erinaceus 682:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 0 8 theme erinaceus 96:104 arg1 body 79:82 the fruiting body 66:82 the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 66:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 1 9 theme polysaccharides 459:473 arg1 characters 445:454 the chemical characters 432:454 the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China 432:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 10 used used 1122:1125 arg2 system 1106:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 10 used used 1122:1125 arg2 approach 1140:1147 a routine approach 1130:1147 a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1130:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 11 theme evaluation 1095:1104 arg1 approach 1140:1147 a routine approach 1130:1147 a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1130:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 11 theme evaluation 1095:1104 arg1 system 1106:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 0 12 theme Hericium 87:94 arg1 erinaceus 96:104 Hericium erinaceus 87:104 Hericium erinaceus 87:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 3 13 from erinaceus 824:832 arg1 China 837:841 China 837:841 China 837:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 3 14 from product 810:816 arg1 China 837:841 China 837:841 China 837:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 4 15 theme quality 1157:1163 arg1 control 1165:1171 the quality control 1153:1171 the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1153:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 16 theme fruiting 1050:1057 arg1 body 1059:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 3 17 theme H. 821:822 arg1 erinaceus 824:832 H. erinaceus 821:832 H. erinaceus in China 821:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 2 18 theme H. 679:680 arg1 erinaceus 682:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 4 19 theme quality 993:999 arg1 control 1001:1007 the quality control 989:1007 the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body 989:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 1 20 theme commercial 382:391 arg1 product 393:399 commercial product 382:399 commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China 382:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 2 21 theme polysaccharides 660:674 arg1 monosaccharides 613:627 the compositional monosaccharides 595:627 the compositional monosaccharides 595:627 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 21 theme polysaccharides 660:674 arg1 linkages 648:655 the glycosidic linkages 633:655 the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China 633:732 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 21 theme polysaccharides 660:674 arg1 weights 586:592 the molecular weights 572:592 the molecular weights 572:592 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 21 theme polysaccharides 660:674 arg1 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 1 22 theme erinaceus 481:489 arg1 body 500:503 erinaceus fruiting body 481:503 erinaceus fruiting body 481:503 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 23 theme colorimetric 183:194 arg1 assay 196:200 colorimetric assay 183:200 colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide 183:233 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 0 24 theme evaluation 3:12 arg1 system 14:19 An evaluation system 0:19 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 0:150 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 1 25 theme product 393:399 arg1 identification 345:358 the identification 341:358 the identification 341:358 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 25 theme product 393:399 arg1 discrimination 364:377 discrimination 364:377 discrimination 364:377 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 26 theme fruiting 491:498 arg1 body 500:503 erinaceus fruiting body 481:503 erinaceus fruiting body 481:503 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 27 with analysis 252:259 arg1 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 27 with analysis 252:259 arg1 iodide 228:233 potassium iodide 218:233 potassium iodide 218:233 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 28 theme saccharide 282:291 arg1 mapping 293:299 saccharide mapping 282:299 saccharide mapping 282:299 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 29 from control 1165:1171 arg1 edible 1201:1206 other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1195:1230 edible 1201:1206 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 29 from control 1165:1171 arg1 mushrooms 1222:1230 other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1195:1230 mushrooms 1222:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 30 theme routine 1132:1138 arg1 approach 1140:1147 a routine approach 1130:1147 a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1130:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 30 theme routine 1132:1138 arg1 system 1106:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 1 31 theme Hericium 404:411 arg1 erinaceus 413:421 Hericium erinaceus 404:421 Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China 404:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 2 32 from monosaccharides 613:627 arg1 erinaceus 682:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 33 theme molecular 576:584 arg1 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 33 theme molecular 576:584 arg1 weights 586:592 the molecular weights 572:592 the molecular weights 572:592 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 1 34 with mapping 293:299 arg1 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 34 with mapping 293:299 arg1 iodide 228:233 potassium iodide 218:233 potassium iodide 218:233 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 3 35 from polysaccharides 771:785 arg1 product 810:816 the widely consumed product 790:816 the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China 790:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 4 36 theme other 1195:1199 arg1 edible 1201:1206 other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1195:1230 edible 1201:1206 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 37 theme polysaccharides 1012:1026 arg1 control 1001:1007 the quality control 989:1007 the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body 989:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 38 theme erinaceus 1040:1048 arg1 body 1059:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 0 39 theme product 143:149 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 25:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 0 39 theme product 143:149 arg1 identification 110:123 identification 110:123 identification of its commercial product 110:149 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 0 40 from body 79:82 arg1 polysaccharides 45:59 polysaccharides 45:59 polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 45:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 0 40 from body 79:82 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 25:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 0 40 from body 79:82 arg1 identification 110:123 identification 110:123 identification of its commercial product 110:149 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 1 41 theme potassium 218:226 arg1 iodide 228:233 potassium iodide 218:233 potassium iodide 218:233 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 42 theme H. 1037:1038 arg1 body 1059:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 1 43 theme PACE 310:313 arg1 analysis 315:322 PACE analysis 310:322 PACE analysis 310:322 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 0 44 theme commercial 132:141 arg1 product 143:149 its commercial product 128:149 its commercial product 128:149 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 1 45 theme erinaceus 413:421 arg1 product 393:399 commercial product 382:399 commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China 382:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 46 from mushrooms 1222:1230 arg1 control 1165:1171 the quality control 1153:1171 the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1153:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 47 theme medicinal 1212:1220 arg1 mushrooms 1222:1230 other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1195:1230 mushrooms 1222:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 2 48 from polysaccharides 660:674 arg1 erinaceus 682:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 4 49 from control 1001:1007 arg1 body 1059:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1033:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 2 50 from linkages 648:655 arg1 erinaceus 682:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 H. erinaceus 679:690 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 1 51 with assay 196:200 arg1 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 51 with assay 196:200 arg1 iodide 228:233 potassium iodide 218:233 potassium iodide 218:233 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 3 52 theme consumed 801:808 arg1 product 810:816 the widely consumed product 790:816 the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China 790:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 1 53 theme different 520:528 arg1 regions 530:536 different regions 520:536 different regions of China 520:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 2 54 from erinaceus 682:690 arg1 monosaccharides 613:627 the compositional monosaccharides 595:627 the compositional monosaccharides 595:627 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 54 from erinaceus 682:690 arg1 linkages 648:655 the glycosidic linkages 633:655 the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China 633:732 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 54 from erinaceus 682:690 arg1 weights 586:592 the molecular weights 572:592 the molecular weights 572:592 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 54 from erinaceus 682:690 arg1 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 similar 739:745 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 0 55 theme polysaccharides 45:59 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 25:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 0 55 theme polysaccharides 45:59 arg1 identification 110:123 identification 110:123 identification of its commercial product 110:149 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 3 56 from those 877:881 arg1 different 862:870 different 862:870 different 862:870 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 3 57 from China 837:841 arg1 product 810:816 the widely consumed product 790:816 the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China 790:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 0 58 from identification 110:123 arg1 body 79:82 the fruiting body 66:82 the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 66:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 4 59 from body 1059:1062 arg1 polysaccharides 1012:1026 polysaccharides 1012:1026 polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body 1012:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 59 from body 1059:1062 arg1 control 1001:1007 the quality control 989:1007 the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body 989:1062 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 3 60 theme fruiting 899:906 arg1 body 908:911 H. erinaceus fruiting body 886:911 H. erinaceus fruiting body 886:911 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 2 61 theme different 707:715 arg1 regions 717:723 different regions 707:723 different regions of China 707:732 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 2 62 theme China 728:732 arg1 regions 717:723 different regions 707:723 different regions of China 707:732 The results showed that the molecular weights, the compositional monosaccharides and the glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus collected from different regions of China were similar, respectively. 25839812 4 63 from edible 1201:1206 arg1 control 1165:1171 the quality control 1153:1171 the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1153:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 1 64 with analysis 268:275 arg1 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 iodine 207:212 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 64 with analysis 268:275 arg1 iodide 228:233 potassium iodide 218:233 potassium iodide 218:233 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 65 dep H. 478:479 arg1 collected 505:513 collected 505:513 collected from different regions of China 505:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 66 theme chemical 436:443 arg1 characters 445:454 the chemical characters 432:454 the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China 432:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 1 67 theme China 541:545 arg1 regions 530:536 different regions 520:536 different regions of China 520:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 3 68 theme H. 886:887 arg1 body 908:911 H. erinaceus fruiting body 886:911 H. erinaceus fruiting body 886:911 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 1 69 theme HPSEC-MALLS-RID 236:250 arg1 analysis 252:259 HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis 236:259 HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis 236:259 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 0 70 theme fruiting 70:77 arg1 body 79:82 the fruiting body 66:82 the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus 66:104 An evaluation system for characterization of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus and identification of its commercial product. 25839812 4 71 theme polysaccharides 1176:1190 arg1 control 1165:1171 the quality control 1153:1171 the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1153:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 3 72 theme erinaceus 889:897 arg1 body 908:911 H. erinaceus fruiting body 886:911 H. erinaceus fruiting body 886:911 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 25839812 1 73 from characters 445:454 arg1 H. 478:479 H. 478:479 H. 478:479 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 74 from polysaccharides 1176:1190 arg1 edible 1201:1206 other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1195:1230 edible 1201:1206 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 74 from polysaccharides 1176:1190 arg1 mushrooms 1222:1230 other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1195:1230 mushrooms 1222:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 1 75 from H. 478:479 arg1 characters 445:454 the chemical characters 432:454 the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China 432:545 An evaluation system including colorimetric assay with iodine and potassium iodide, HPSEC-MALLS-RID analysis, GC-MS analysis, and saccharide mapping based on PACE analysis was proposed for the identification and discrimination of commercial product of Hericium erinaceus based on the chemical characters of polysaccharides in H. erinaceus fruiting body collected from different regions of China. 25839812 4 76 theme proposed 1086:1093 arg1 approach 1140:1147 a routine approach 1130:1147 a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms 1130:1230 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 4 76 theme proposed 1086:1093 arg1 system 1106:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 the proposed evaluation system 1082:1111 The implications from these results were found to be beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from the H. erinaceus fruiting body, and suggest that the proposed evaluation system could be used as a routine approach for the quality control of polysaccharides in other edible and medicinal mushrooms. 25839812 3 77 theme erinaceus 824:832 arg1 product 810:816 the widely consumed product 790:816 the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China 790:841 However, polysaccharides in the widely consumed product of H. erinaceus in China were significantly different from those of H. erinaceus fruiting body. 28493026 12 0 dep cytokines 1568:1576 arg1 IFN-γ 1596:1600 IFN-γ 1596:1600 IFN-γ 1596:1600 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 0 dep cytokines 1568:1576 arg1 TNF-α 1586:1590 TNF-α 1586:1590 TNF-α 1586:1590 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 0 dep cytokines 1568:1576 arg1 IL-12 1579:1583 IL-12 1579:1583 IL-12 1579:1583 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 0 dep cytokines 1568:1576 arg1 cytokines 1568:1576 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1551:1576 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) 1551:1601 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 2 1 theme activities 287:296 arg1 number 261:266 a number 259:266 a number of pharmacological activities 259:296 Although a number of pharmacological activities have been attributed to ajowan, its role in immunomodulation is not known. 28493026 2 2 from role 334:337 arg1 immunomodulation 342:357 immunomodulation 342:357 immunomodulation 342:357 Although a number of pharmacological activities have been attributed to ajowan, its role in immunomodulation is not known. 28493026 6 3 dep proteins 768:775 arg1 30.7 kDa 778:785 30.7 kDa 778:785 30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp 778:813 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 6 4 dep 30.7 kDa 778:785 arg1 Agp 811:813 ajowan glycoprotein or Agp 788:813 Agp 811:813 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 6 4 dep 30.7 kDa 778:785 arg1 glycoprotein 795:806 ajowan glycoprotein or Agp 788:813 glycoprotein 795:806 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 1 5 from medicine 228:235 arg1 Ayurveda 240:247 Ayurveda 240:247 Ayurveda 240:247 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice has been used in food preparations and also as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda. 28493026 5 6 theme aqueous 655:661 arg1 extract 663:669 ajowan aqueous extract 648:669 ajowan aqueous extract 648:669 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 11 7 from 1 μg/mL 1378:1384 arg1 Agp 1371:1373 Agp 1371:1373 Agp at 1 μg/mL 1371:1384 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 8 8 theme constituent 1141:1151 arg1 mannose 1104:1110 mannose 1104:1110 mannose (5%) 1104:1115 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 8 8 theme constituent 1141:1151 arg1 sugars 1153:1158 the constituent sugars 1137:1158 the constituent sugars 1137:1158 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 8 8 theme constituent 1141:1151 arg1 xylose 1121:1126 xylose 1121:1126 xylose (4%) 1121:1131 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 8 8 theme constituent 1141:1151 arg1 arabinose 1071:1079 arabinose 1071:1079 arabinose (34.5%) 1071:1087 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 8 8 theme constituent 1141:1151 arg1 glucose 1090:1096 glucose 1090:1096 glucose (7%) 1090:1101 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 8 8 theme constituent 1141:1151 arg1 galactose 1052:1060 galactose 1052:1060 galactose (45.7%) 1052:1068 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 13 9 theme deglycosylated 1716:1729 arg1 Agp 1731:1733 deglycosylated Agp 1716:1733 deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) 1716:1749 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 7 10 theme mass 964:967 arg1 mass 964:967 the molecular mass 950:967 the molecular mass 950:967 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 7 10 theme mass 964:967 arg1 one-third 937:945 one-third 937:945 one-third 937:945 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 1 11 theme Ajowan 130:135 arg1 spice 161:165 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice 130:165 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice 130:165 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice has been used in food preparations and also as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda. 28493026 5 12 theme Bio-Gel 741:747 arg1 P-100 749:753 Bio-Gel P-100 741:753 Bio-Gel P-100 741:753 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 4 13 theme Macrophage 475:484 arg1 activation 486:495 Macrophage activation 475:495 Macrophage activation 475:495 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 10 14 theme peptides 1288:1295 arg1 sequencing 1262:1271 Internal sequencing 1253:1271 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides 1253:1295 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides did not show homology with the existing proteins in the database (BLAST). 28493026 13 15 theme immune 1694:1699 arg1 cells 1701:1705 murine immune cells 1687:1705 murine immune cells 1687:1705 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 13 16 dep 20 kDa 1736:1741 arg1 dgAgp 1744:1748 dgAgp 1744:1748 20 kDa; dgAgp 1736:1748 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 5 17 theme Q 717:717 arg1 Sepharose 719:727 Q Sepharose 717:727 Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100 717:753 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 8 18 theme glutamic 995:1002 arg1 acid 1004:1007 glutamic acid 995:1007 glutamic acid 995:1007 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 3 19 theme present 399:405 arg1 study 407:411 the present study 395:411 the present study 395:411 The main objective of the present study is to examine the macromolecular immunomodulatory components. 28493026 0 20 theme ammi 120:123 arg1 ajowan 98:103 ajowan 98:103 ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 98:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 0 20 theme ammi 120:123 arg1 L 125:125 Trachyspermum ammi L. 106:126 Trachyspermum ammi L. 106:126 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 9 21 theme Secondary 1161:1169 arg1 analysis 1181:1188 Secondary structure analysis 1161:1188 Secondary structure analysis 1161:1188 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 6 22 gly glycoprotein 795:806 arg1 glycoprotein 795:806 ajowan glycoprotein or Agp 788:813 glycoprotein 795:806 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 0 23 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 26:41 Structural and functional characterization 0:41 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 0:128 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 0 24 theme functional 15:24 arg1 characterization 26:41 Structural and functional characterization 0:41 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 0:128 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 8 25 theme acid 1027:1030 arg1 content 984:990 a high content 977:990 a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline 977:1042 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 6 26 theme mitogenic 833:841 arg1 activity 843:850 effective mitogenic activity 823:850 effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes 823:870 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 10 27 with homology 1310:1317 arg1 proteins 1337:1344 the existing proteins 1324:1344 the existing proteins 1324:1344 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides did not show homology with the existing proteins in the database (BLAST). 28493026 3 28 theme main 377:380 arg1 objective 382:390 The main objective 373:390 The main objective of the present study 373:411 The main objective of the present study is to examine the macromolecular immunomodulatory components. 28493026 8 29 theme proline 1036:1042 arg1 content 984:990 a high content 977:990 a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline 977:1042 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 0 30 theme glycoprotein 71:82 arg1 characterization 26:41 Structural and functional characterization 0:41 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 0:128 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 11 31 theme murine 1427:1432 arg1 splenocytes 1434:1444 B-cell enriched murine splenocytes 1411:1444 B-cell enriched murine splenocytes 1411:1444 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 0 32 theme novel 48:52 arg1 glycoprotein 71:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein 46:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 46:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 9 33 theme % 1220:1220 arg1 α-helices 1222:1230 79% α-helices 1218:1230 79% α-helices 1218:1230 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 4 34 theme oxide 519:523 arg1 release 530:536 nitric oxide (NO) release 512:536 nitric oxide (NO) release 512:536 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 11 35 theme B-cell 1411:1416 arg1 splenocytes 1434:1444 B-cell enriched murine splenocytes 1411:1444 B-cell enriched murine splenocytes 1411:1444 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 3 36 theme macromolecular 431:444 arg1 components 463:472 the macromolecular immunomodulatory components 427:472 the macromolecular immunomodulatory components 427:472 The main objective of the present study is to examine the macromolecular immunomodulatory components. 28493026 7 37 theme O-linked 882:889 arg1 glycoprotein 891:902 a O-linked glycoprotein 880:902 a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass 880:967 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 7 37 theme O-linked 882:889 arg1 Agp 873:875 Agp 873:875 Agp 873:875 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 4 38 theme pro-inflammatory 569:584 arg1 cytokines 586:594 pro-inflammatory cytokines 569:594 pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers 569:609 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 7 39 link O-linked 882:889 arg1 glycoprotein 891:902 a O-linked glycoprotein 880:902 a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass 880:967 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 7 39 link O-linked 882:889 arg1 Agp 873:875 Agp 873:875 Agp 873:875 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 11 40 theme macrophages 1460:1470 arg1 proliferation 1394:1406 proliferation 1394:1406 proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages 1394:1470 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 7 41 gly glycoprotein 891:902 arg1 glycoprotein 891:902 a O-linked glycoprotein 880:902 a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass 880:967 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 7 41 gly glycoprotein 891:902 arg1 Agp 873:875 Agp 873:875 Agp 873:875 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 13 42 theme Deproteinized 1630:1642 arg1 dpAgp 1649:1653 dpAgp 1649:1653 dpAgp 1649:1653 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 13 42 theme Deproteinized 1630:1642 arg1 Agp 1644:1646 Deproteinized Agp 1630:1646 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) 1630:1654 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 9 43 contain contains 1209:1216 arg2 α-helices 1222:1230 79% α-helices 1218:1230 79% α-helices 1218:1230 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 9 43 contain contains 1209:1216 arg1 Agp 1205:1207 Agp 1205:1207 Agp 1205:1207 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 9 43 contain contains 1209:1216 arg2 % 1238:1238 21% 1236:1238 21% random coil 1236:1250 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 1 44 theme traditional 216:226 arg1 medicine 228:235 a traditional medicine 214:235 a traditional medicine in Ayurveda 214:247 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice has been used in food preparations and also as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda. 28493026 13 45 dep Agp 1731:1733 arg1 20 kDa 1736:1741 20 kDa 1736:1741 20 kDa; dgAgp 1736:1748 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 13 46 theme compromised 1758:1768 arg1 efficiency 1770:1779 compromised efficiency 1758:1779 compromised efficiency 1758:1779 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 6 47 theme proteins 768:775 arg1 One 757:759 One 757:759 One 757:759 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 6 47 theme proteins 768:775 arg1 proteins 768:775 the proteins 764:775 the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) 764:814 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 5 48 theme Ethanol 612:618 arg1 precipitate 620:630 Ethanol precipitate 612:630 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract 612:669 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 10 49 theme Internal 1253:1260 arg1 sequencing 1262:1271 Internal sequencing 1253:1271 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides 1253:1295 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides did not show homology with the existing proteins in the database (BLAST). 28493026 7 50 with glycoprotein 891:902 arg1 glycans 913:919 the glycans 909:919 the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass 909:967 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 8 51 theme high 979:982 arg1 content 984:990 a high content 977:990 a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline 977:1042 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 2 52 theme pharmacological 271:285 arg1 activities 287:296 pharmacological activities 271:296 pharmacological activities 271:296 Although a number of pharmacological activities have been attributed to ajowan, its role in immunomodulation is not known. 28493026 9 53 dep % 1238:1238 arg1 coil 1247:1250 random coil 1240:1250 21% random coil 1236:1250 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 5 54 theme conventional 688:699 arg1 chromatography 701:714 conventional chromatography 688:714 conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100) 688:754 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 1 55 theme food 184:187 arg1 preparations 189:200 food preparations 184:200 food preparations 184:200 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice has been used in food preparations and also as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda. 28493026 5 56 theme ajowan 648:653 arg1 extract 663:669 ajowan aqueous extract 648:669 ajowan aqueous extract 648:669 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 1 57 used used 176:179 arg2 spice 161:165 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice 130:165 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice 130:165 Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) spice has been used in food preparations and also as a traditional medicine in Ayurveda. 28493026 5 58 theme extract 663:669 arg1 precipitate 620:630 Ethanol precipitate 612:630 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract 612:669 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 14 59 theme immunomodulatory 1813:1828 arg1 protein 1830:1836 an immunomodulatory protein 1810:1836 an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan 1810:1848 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 12 60 theme pro-inflammatory 1551:1566 arg1 IFN-γ 1596:1600 IFN-γ 1596:1600 IFN-γ 1596:1600 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 60 theme pro-inflammatory 1551:1566 arg1 TNF-α 1586:1590 TNF-α 1586:1590 TNF-α 1586:1590 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 60 theme pro-inflammatory 1551:1566 arg1 IL-12 1579:1583 IL-12 1579:1583 IL-12 1579:1583 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 60 theme pro-inflammatory 1551:1566 arg1 cytokines 1568:1576 pro-inflammatory cytokines 1551:1576 pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) 1551:1601 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 5 61 dep chromatography 701:714 arg1 Sepharose 719:727 Q Sepharose 717:727 Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100 717:753 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 13 62 theme murine 1687:1692 arg1 cells 1701:1705 murine immune cells 1687:1705 murine immune cells 1687:1705 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 8 63 contain has 973:975 arg2 content 984:990 a high content 977:990 a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline 977:1042 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 8 63 contain has 973:975 arg1 It 970:971 It 970:971 It 970:971 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 13 64 gly deglycosylated 1716:1729 arg1 Agp 1731:1733 deglycosylated Agp 1716:1733 deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) 1716:1749 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 7 65 theme molecular 954:962 arg1 mass 964:967 the molecular mass 950:967 the molecular mass 950:967 Agp is a O-linked glycoprotein with the glycans contributing to one-third of the molecular mass. 28493026 10 66 theme tryptic 1280:1286 arg1 peptides 1288:1295 the tryptic peptides 1276:1295 the tryptic peptides 1276:1295 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides did not show homology with the existing proteins in the database (BLAST). 28493026 13 67 theme cells 1701:1705 arg1 activation 1673:1682 activation 1673:1682 activation of murine immune cells 1673:1705 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 0 68 theme Trachyspermum 106:118 arg1 ajowan 98:103 ajowan 98:103 ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 98:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 0 68 theme Trachyspermum 106:118 arg1 L 125:125 Trachyspermum ammi L. 106:126 Trachyspermum ammi L. 106:126 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 8 69 theme acid 1004:1007 arg1 content 984:990 a high content 977:990 a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline 977:1042 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 14 70 from report 1800:1805 arg1 ajowan 1843:1848 ajowan 1843:1848 ajowan 1843:1848 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 0 71 gly glycoprotein 71:82 arg1 glycoprotein 71:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein 46:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 46:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 12 72 theme RAW 1526:1528 arg1 cells 1536:1540 RAW 264.7 cells 1526:1540 RAW 264.7 cells 1526:1540 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 8 73 theme serine 1010:1015 arg1 content 984:990 a high content 977:990 a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline 977:1042 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 3 74 theme study 407:411 arg1 objective 382:390 The main objective 373:390 The main objective of the present study 373:411 The main objective of the present study is to examine the macromolecular immunomodulatory components. 28493026 9 75 theme structure 1171:1179 arg1 analysis 1181:1188 Secondary structure analysis 1161:1188 Secondary structure analysis 1161:1188 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 8 76 theme aspartic 1018:1025 arg1 acid 1027:1030 aspartic acid 1018:1030 aspartic acid 1018:1030 It has a high content of glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid and proline whereas galactose (45.7%), arabinose (34.5%), glucose (7%), mannose (5%) and xylose (4%) are the constituent sugars. 28493026 14 77 theme first 1794:1798 arg1 This 1782:1785 This 1782:1785 This 1782:1785 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 14 77 theme first 1794:1798 arg1 report 1800:1805 the first report 1790:1805 the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan 1790:1848 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 14 78 from ajowan 1843:1848 arg1 protein 1830:1836 an immunomodulatory protein 1810:1836 an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan 1810:1848 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 14 78 from ajowan 1843:1848 arg1 This 1782:1785 This 1782:1785 This 1782:1785 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 14 78 from ajowan 1843:1848 arg1 report 1800:1805 the first report 1790:1805 the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan 1790:1848 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 13 79 dep failed 1656:1661 arg1 whereas 1708:1714 whereas 1708:1714 whereas 1708:1714 Deproteinized Agp (dpAgp) failed to elicit activation of murine immune cells, whereas deglycosylated Agp (20 kDa; dgAgp) showed compromised efficiency. 28493026 10 80 theme existing 1328:1335 arg1 proteins 1337:1344 the existing proteins 1324:1344 the existing proteins 1324:1344 Internal sequencing of the tryptic peptides did not show homology with the existing proteins in the database (BLAST). 28493026 6 81 theme effective 823:831 arg1 activity 843:850 effective mitogenic activity 823:850 effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes 823:870 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 5 82 dep precipitate 620:630 arg1 fractional 633:642 fractional 633:642 fractional 633:642 Ethanol precipitate (fractional) of ajowan aqueous extract was subjected to conventional chromatography (Q Sepharose followed by Bio-Gel P-100). 28493026 4 83 theme nitric 512:517 arg1 oxide 519:523 nitric oxide 512:523 nitric oxide (NO) release 512:536 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 4 83 theme nitric 512:517 arg1 NO 526:527 NO 526:527 NO 526:527 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 11 84 theme enriched 1418:1425 arg1 splenocytes 1434:1444 B-cell enriched murine splenocytes 1411:1444 B-cell enriched murine splenocytes 1411:1444 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 0 85 theme immunomodulatory 54:69 arg1 glycoprotein 71:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein 46:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 46:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 9 86 theme 79 1218:1219 arg1 % 1220:1220 % 1220:1220 % 1220:1220 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 28493026 0 87 attach isolated 84:91 arg2 glycoprotein 71:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein 46:82 a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 46:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 0 87 attach isolated 84:91 arg1 ajowan 98:103 ajowan 98:103 ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) 98:127 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 0 87 attach isolated 84:91 arg1 L 125:125 Trachyspermum ammi L. 106:126 Trachyspermum ammi L. 106:126 Structural and functional characterization of a novel immunomodulatory glycoprotein isolated from ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.). 28493026 4 88 theme cytokines 586:594 arg1 secretion 556:564 secretion 556:564 secretion 556:564 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 4 88 theme cytokines 586:594 arg1 phagocytosis 539:550 phagocytosis 539:550 phagocytosis 539:550 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 4 88 theme cytokines 586:594 arg1 release 530:536 nitric oxide (NO) release 512:536 nitric oxide (NO) release 512:536 Macrophage activation was studied by nitric oxide (NO) release, phagocytosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as the markers. 28493026 14 89 theme protein 1830:1836 arg1 This 1782:1785 This 1782:1785 This 1782:1785 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 14 89 theme protein 1830:1836 arg1 report 1800:1805 the first report 1790:1805 the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan 1790:1848 This is the first report of an immunomodulatory protein from ajowan. 28493026 11 90 theme activated 1450:1458 arg1 macrophages 1460:1470 activated macrophages 1450:1470 activated macrophages 1450:1470 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 3 91 theme immunomodulatory 446:461 arg1 components 463:472 the macromolecular immunomodulatory components 427:472 the macromolecular immunomodulatory components 427:472 The main objective of the present study is to examine the macromolecular immunomodulatory components. 28493026 6 92 theme ajowan 788:793 arg1 glycoprotein 795:806 ajowan glycoprotein or Agp 788:813 glycoprotein 795:806 One of the proteins (30.7 kDa; ajowan glycoprotein or Agp) showed effective mitogenic activity towards splenocytes. 28493026 12 93 theme 1 μg/mL 1606:1612 arg1 p < 0.01 1619:1626 p < 0.01 1619:1626 p < 0.01 1619:1626 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 12 93 theme 1 μg/mL 1606:1612 arg1 Agp 1614:1616 1 μg/mL Agp 1606:1616 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01) 1606:1627 RAW 264.7 cells produced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) at 1 μg/mL Agp (p < 0.01). 28493026 11 94 theme splenocytes 1434:1444 arg1 proliferation 1394:1406 proliferation 1394:1406 proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages 1394:1470 Agp at 1 μg/mL induced proliferation of B-cell enriched murine splenocytes and activated macrophages in releasing NO and promoted phagocytosis (p < 0.01). 28493026 9 95 theme random 1240:1245 arg1 coil 1247:1250 random coil 1240:1250 21% random coil 1236:1250 Secondary structure analysis indicated that Agp contains 79% α-helices and 21% random coil. 27180292 4 0 theme 3:1 575:577 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 0 theme 3:1 575:577 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 1 1 theme polysaccharide 171:184 arg1 extraction 157:166 microwave assisted extraction 138:166 microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 138:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 7 2 theme extraction 864:873 arg1 process 875:881 microwave assisted extraction process 845:881 microwave assisted extraction process 845:881 The polysaccharide extracted using microwave assisted extraction process was analyzed using FTIR Spectroscopy. 27180292 4 3 theme optimum 518:524 arg1 yield 526:530 the optimum yield 514:530 the optimum yield of 6.81677% 514:542 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 5 4 theme factors 646:652 arg1 design 685:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design 640:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM 640:707 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM was used to model the extraction process. 27180292 2 5 theme Water 307:311 arg1 variables 296:304 three independent variables 278:304 three independent variables 278:304 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 5 theme Water 307:311 arg1 ratio 331:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 5 6 used used 713:716 arg2 design 685:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design 640:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM 640:707 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM was used to model the extraction process. 27180292 7 7 theme microwave 845:853 arg1 process 875:881 microwave assisted extraction process 845:881 microwave assisted extraction process 845:881 The polysaccharide extracted using microwave assisted extraction process was analyzed using FTIR Spectroscopy. 27180292 4 8 theme water 579:583 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 8 theme water 579:583 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 9 theme time 634:637 arg1 20min 613:617 20min 613:617 20min 613:617 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 9 theme time 634:637 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 9 theme time 634:637 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 2 10 theme variables 296:304 arg1 effect 268:273 the effect 264:273 the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time 264:393 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 7 11 theme assisted 855:862 arg1 process 875:881 microwave assisted extraction process 845:881 microwave assisted extraction process 845:881 The polysaccharide extracted using microwave assisted extraction process was analyzed using FTIR Spectroscopy. 27180292 2 12 theme composite 404:412 arg1 design 414:419 central composite design 396:419 central composite design 396:419 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 13 theme independent 284:294 arg1 power 348:352 microwave power 338:352 microwave power 338:352 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 13 theme independent 284:294 arg1 variables 296:304 three independent variables 278:304 three independent variables 278:304 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 13 theme independent 284:294 arg1 ratio 331:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 1 14 theme Psidium 191:197 arg1 fruit 210:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit 191:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 191:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 5 15 dep factors 646:652 arg1 levels 660:665 three levels 654:665 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM 640:707 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM was used to model the extraction process. 27180292 4 16 theme design 491:496 arg1 model 498:502 The design model 487:502 The design model 487:502 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 5 17 theme extraction 731:740 arg1 process 742:748 the extraction process 727:748 the extraction process 727:748 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM was used to model the extraction process. 27180292 1 18 theme guajava 199:205 arg1 fruit 210:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit 191:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 191:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 4 19 theme microwave 552:560 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 19 theme microwave 552:560 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 6 20 theme model 803:807 arg1 significance 783:794 the significance 779:794 the significance of the model 779:807 ANOVA was performed to find the significance of the model. 27180292 2 21 theme material 322:329 arg1 variables 296:304 three independent variables 278:304 three independent variables 278:304 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 21 theme material 322:329 arg1 ratio 331:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 1 22 theme L. 207:208 arg1 fruit 210:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit 191:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 191:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 0 23 theme extraction 35:44 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 0:94 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 4 24 theme 200W 547:550 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 24 theme 200W 547:550 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 1 25 from optimization 122:133 arg1 fruit 210:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit 191:214 Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 191:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 2 26 theme plant 316:320 arg1 variables 296:304 three independent variables 278:304 three independent variables 278:304 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 26 theme plant 316:320 arg1 ratio 331:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 Water to plant material ratio 307:335 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 3 27 theme dependent 467:475 arg1 yield 444:448 The yield 440:448 The yield 440:448 The yield is considered as dependent variable. 27180292 3 27 theme dependent 467:475 arg1 variable 477:484 dependent variable 467:484 dependent variable 467:484 The yield is considered as dependent variable. 27180292 0 28 theme microwave-assisted 16:33 arg1 extraction 35:44 microwave-assisted extraction 16:44 microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide 16:62 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 0 29 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 extraction 35:44 microwave-assisted extraction 16:44 microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide 16:62 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 4 30 theme power 562:566 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 30 theme power 562:566 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 0 31 from fruits 88:93 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 0:94 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 7 32 theme FTIR 902:905 arg1 Spectroscopy 907:918 FTIR Spectroscopy 902:918 FTIR Spectroscopy 902:918 The polysaccharide extracted using microwave assisted extraction process was analyzed using FTIR Spectroscopy. 27180292 1 33 theme Response 222:229 arg1 methodology 239:249 Response surface methodology 222:249 Response surface methodology 222:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 1 34 theme surface 231:237 arg1 methodology 239:249 Response surface methodology 222:249 Response surface methodology 222:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 0 35 theme Psidium 69:75 arg1 fruits 88:93 Psidium guajava L. fruits 69:93 Psidium guajava L. fruits 69:93 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 4 36 theme plant 588:592 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 36 theme plant 588:592 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 5 37 theme Central 667:673 arg1 design 685:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design 640:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM 640:707 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM was used to model the extraction process. 27180292 1 38 from fruit 210:214 arg1 extraction 157:166 microwave assisted extraction 138:166 microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 138:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 1 38 from fruit 210:214 arg1 optimization 122:133 the optimization 118:133 the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 118:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 4 39 theme % 542:542 arg1 yield 526:530 the optimum yield 514:530 the optimum yield of 6.81677% 514:542 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 5 40 theme composite 675:683 arg1 design 685:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design 640:690 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM 640:707 Three factors three levels Central composite design coupled with RSM was used to model the extraction process. 27180292 4 41 dep ratio 603:607 arg1 to 585:586 to 585:586 to 585:586 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 2 42 theme microwave 338:346 arg1 power 348:352 microwave power 338:352 microwave power 338:352 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 2 42 theme microwave 338:346 arg1 variables 296:304 three independent variables 278:304 three independent variables 278:304 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 4 43 theme material 594:601 arg1 ratio 603:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 3:1 water to plant material ratio 575:607 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 4 43 theme material 594:601 arg1 level 568:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 200W microwave power level 547:572 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 2 44 dep extraction 363:372 arg1 time 390:393 time 390:393 time 390:393 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 1 45 theme microwave 138:146 arg1 extraction 157:166 microwave assisted extraction 138:166 microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 138:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 2 46 dep ratio 331:335 arg1 to 313:314 to 313:314 to 313:314 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 0 47 theme L. 85:86 arg1 fruits 88:93 Psidium guajava L. fruits 69:93 Psidium guajava L. fruits 69:93 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 4 48 theme irradiation 622:632 arg1 time 634:637 irradiation time 622:637 irradiation time 622:637 The design model estimated the optimum yield of 6.81677% at 200W microwave power level, 3:1 water to plant material ratio and 20min of irradiation time. 27180292 1 49 theme assisted 148:155 arg1 extraction 157:166 microwave assisted extraction 138:166 microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 138:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 27180292 2 50 theme central 396:402 arg1 design 414:419 central composite design 396:419 central composite design 396:419 To evaluate the effect of three independent variables, Water to plant material ratio, microwave power used for extraction and Irradiation time, central composite design has been employed. 27180292 0 51 theme guajava 77:83 arg1 fruits 88:93 Psidium guajava L. fruits 69:93 Psidium guajava L. fruits 69:93 Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruits. 27180292 1 52 theme extraction 157:166 arg1 optimization 122:133 the optimization 118:133 the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology 118:249 This study deals with the optimization of microwave assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Psidium guajava L. fruit using Response surface methodology. 24699895 7 0 theme distribution 1569:1580 arg1 patterns 1582:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 3 1 theme sporophytes 998:1008 arg1 spores 958:963 spores 958:963 spores 958:963 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 1 theme sporophytes 998:1008 arg1 organs 979:984 different organs 969:984 different organs 969:984 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 1 theme sporophytes 998:1008 arg1 gametophytes 944:955 gametophytes 944:955 gametophytes 944:955 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 8 2 theme molecular 1733:1741 arg1 design 1743:1748 the molecular design 1729:1748 the molecular design of cell walls 1729:1762 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 8 3 theme genetic 1811:1817 arg1 origin 1819:1824 genetic origin 1811:1824 functional specialization rather than genetic origin 1773:1824 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 1 4 theme plants 278:283 arg1 history 262:268 the evolutionary history 245:268 the evolutionary history of land plants 245:283 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 7 5 theme xyloglucan 1550:1559 arg1 patterns 1582:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 5 6 theme gametophytic 1285:1296 arg1 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 5 6 theme gametophytic 1285:1296 arg1 tissues 1314:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 3 7 theme glycan-directed 1027:1041 arg1 antibodies 1054:1063 glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies 1027:1063 glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies 1027:1063 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 2 8 theme model 818:822 arg1 system 824:829 a widely used model system 804:829 a widely used model system for ferns 804:839 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 8 theme model 818:822 arg1 Ceratopteris 771:782 Ceratopteris 771:782 Ceratopteris 771:782 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 9 9 from tissues 1929:1935 arg1 sporophyte 1944:1953 the sporophyte 1940:1953 the sporophyte 1940:1953 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 7 10 theme root 1482:1485 arg1 hairs 1487:1491 root hairs 1482:1491 root hairs 1482:1491 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 2 11 theme Ceratopteris 771:782 arg1 sporophytes 756:766 sporophytes 756:766 sporophytes 756:766 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 11 theme Ceratopteris 771:782 arg1 gametophytes 739:750 (free-living) gametophytes 725:750 (free-living) gametophytes 725:750 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 6 12 theme pectic 1400:1405 arg1 restricted 1428:1437 restricted 1428:1437 restricted 1428:1437 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 6 12 theme pectic 1400:1405 arg1 epitope 1416:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope 1392:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope 1392:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 1 13 theme cell-wall 406:414 arg1 modifications 416:428 involved cell-wall modifications 397:428 involved cell-wall modifications 397:428 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 14 theme key 230:232 arg1 changes 339:345 dramatic changes 330:345 dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications 330:428 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 14 theme key 230:232 arg1 factors 234:240 key factors 230:240 key factors 230:240 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 9 15 theme Glycan 1827:1832 arg1 epitopes 1834:1841 Glycan epitopes 1827:1841 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes 1827:1880 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 4 16 theme glycan 1157:1162 arg1 epitopes 1164:1171 glycan epitopes 1157:1171 glycan epitopes 1157:1171 The same probes were employed to investigate the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes. 24699895 8 17 dep CONCLUSIONS 1592:1602 arg1 indicate 1715:1722 indicate 1715:1722 indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin 1715:1824 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 1 18 from factors 234:240 arg1 history 262:268 the evolutionary history 245:268 the evolutionary history of land plants 245:283 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 18 from factors 234:240 arg1 transformations 303:317 these transformations 297:317 these transformations 297:317 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 18 from factors 234:240 arg1 most 289:292 most 289:292 most 289:292 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 2 19 theme vascularization 587:601 arg1 generation 573:582 the generation 569:582 the generation of vascularization 569:601 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 20 theme free-living 726:736 arg1 gametophytes 739:750 (free-living) gametophytes 725:750 (free-living) gametophytes 725:750 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 3 21 theme diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic 876:906 arg1 CDTA 914:917 CDTA 914:917 CDTA 914:917 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 21 theme diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic 876:906 arg1 acid 908:911 sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid 865:911 sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 865:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 5 22 theme secondary 1352:1360 arg1 walls 1367:1371 secondary cell walls 1352:1371 secondary cell walls of the sporophyte 1352:1389 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 1 23 theme BACKGROUND 151:160 arg1 Innovations 171:181 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations 151:181 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters 151:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 24 theme life 350:353 arg1 structure 361:369 life cycle structure 350:369 life cycle structure 350:369 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 25 theme AIMS 166:169 arg1 Innovations 171:181 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations 151:181 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters 151:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 2 26 theme plant 507:511 arg1 structure 513:521 plant structure 507:521 plant structure 507:521 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 3 27 theme METHODS 842:848 arg1 Microarrays 850:860 METHODS Microarrays 842:860 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 842:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 6 28 theme sporophytic 1442:1452 arg1 tissue 1461:1466 sporophytic phloem tissue 1442:1466 sporophytic phloem tissue 1442:1466 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 1 29 from Innovations 171:181 arg1 characters 214:223 vegetative and reproductive characters 186:223 vegetative and reproductive characters 186:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 3 30 theme NaOH 924:927 arg1 extractions 929:939 NaOH extractions 924:939 NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes 924:1008 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 2 31 theme cell 472:475 arg1 walls 477:481 cell walls 472:481 cell walls 472:481 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 5 32 located detected 1340:1347 arg2 RESULTS 1178:1184 KEY RESULTS 1174:1184 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans 1174:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 5 32 located detected 1340:1347 arg1 walls 1367:1371 secondary cell walls 1352:1371 secondary cell walls of the sporophyte 1352:1389 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 2 33 theme glycan 701:706 arg1 epitopes 708:715 cell-wall glycan epitopes 691:715 cell-wall glycan epitopes 691:715 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 0 34 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 profiling 19:27 Comparative glycan profiling 0:27 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes 0:91 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 8 35 theme glycan 1640:1645 arg1 composition 1657:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 9 36 from walls 1908:1912 arg1 sporophyte 1944:1953 the sporophyte 1940:1953 the sporophyte 1940:1953 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 2 37 theme more 442:445 arg1 insight 447:453 more insight 442:453 more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization 442:601 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 0 38 theme Ceratopteris 32:43 arg1 gametophytes 64:75 gametophytes 64:75 gametophytes 64:75 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 5 39 theme monoclonal 1192:1201 arg1 antibodies 1203:1212 monoclonal antibodies 1192:1212 monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans 1192:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 8 40 from similarities 1624:1635 arg1 composition 1657:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 8 41 from differences 1608:1618 arg1 composition 1657:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 0 42 dep Ceratopteris 32:43 arg1 richardii 45:53 richardii 45:53 richardii 45:53 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 0 42 dep Ceratopteris 32:43 arg1 C-Fern 56:61 C-Fern 56:61 C-Fern 56:61 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 3 43 theme organs 979:984 arg1 extractions 929:939 NaOH extractions 924:939 NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes 924:1008 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 43 theme organs 979:984 arg1 Microarrays 850:860 METHODS Microarrays 842:860 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 842:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 4 44 theme tissue- 1115:1121 arg1 distribution 1141:1152 the tissue- and cell-specific distribution 1111:1152 the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes 1111:1171 The same probes were employed to investigate the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes. 24699895 8 45 theme cell 1753:1756 arg1 walls 1758:1762 cell walls 1753:1762 cell walls 1753:1762 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 0 46 attach links 93:97 arg1 specialization 135:148 functional specialization 124:148 functional specialization 124:148 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 0 46 attach links 93:97 arg2 profiling 19:27 Comparative glycan profiling 0:27 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes 0:91 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 4 47 theme cell-specific 1127:1139 arg1 distribution 1141:1152 the tissue- and cell-specific distribution 1111:1152 the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes 1111:1171 The same probes were employed to investigate the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes. 24699895 7 48 theme epitope 1561:1567 arg1 patterns 1582:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 2 49 from role 561:564 arg1 generation 573:582 the generation 569:582 the generation of vascularization 569:601 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 6 50 theme phloem 1454:1459 arg1 tissue 1461:1466 sporophytic phloem tissue 1442:1466 sporophytic phloem tissue 1442:1466 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 1 51 from changes 339:345 arg1 structure 361:369 life cycle structure 350:369 life cycle structure 350:369 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 51 from changes 339:345 arg1 modifications 416:428 involved cell-wall modifications 397:428 involved cell-wall modifications 397:428 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 51 from changes 339:345 arg1 strategy 375:382 strategy 375:382 strategy 375:382 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 52 theme land 273:276 arg1 plants 278:283 land plants 273:283 land plants 273:283 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 5 53 theme KEY 1174:1176 arg1 RESULTS 1178:1184 KEY RESULTS 1174:1184 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans 1174:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 9 54 from sporophyte 1944:1953 arg1 walls 1908:1912 cell walls 1903:1912 cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte 1903:1953 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 2 55 theme antibody-based 607:620 arg1 approach 622:629 an antibody-based approach 604:629 an antibody-based approach 604:629 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 3 56 theme monoclonal 1043:1052 arg1 antibodies 1054:1063 glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies 1027:1063 glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies 1027:1063 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 5 57 theme labelled 1276:1283 arg1 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 5 57 theme labelled 1276:1283 arg1 tissues 1314:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 7 58 theme arabinogalactan 1516:1530 arg1 AGP 1541:1543 AGP 1541:1543 AGP 1541:1543 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 7 58 theme arabinogalactan 1516:1530 arg1 protein 1532:1538 arabinogalactan protein 1516:1538 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) 1516:1544 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 1 59 theme vegetative 186:195 arg1 characters 214:223 vegetative and reproductive characters 186:223 vegetative and reproductive characters 186:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 1 60 theme reproductive 201:212 arg1 characters 214:223 vegetative and reproductive characters 186:223 vegetative and reproductive characters 186:223 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 6 61 theme galactan 1407:1414 arg1 restricted 1428:1437 restricted 1428:1437 restricted 1428:1437 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 6 61 theme galactan 1407:1414 arg1 epitope 1416:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope 1392:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope 1392:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 4 62 theme epitopes 1164:1171 arg1 distribution 1141:1152 the tissue- and cell-specific distribution 1111:1152 the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes 1111:1171 The same probes were employed to investigate the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes. 24699895 6 63 theme LM5 1396:1398 arg1 restricted 1428:1437 restricted 1428:1437 restricted 1428:1437 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 6 63 theme LM5 1396:1398 arg1 epitope 1416:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope 1392:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope 1392:1422 The LM5 pectic galactan epitope was restricted to sporophytic phloem tissue. 24699895 2 64 theme particular 544:553 arg1 role 561:564 particular their role 544:564 particular their role in the generation of vascularization 544:601 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 3 65 theme acid 908:911 arg1 extractions 929:939 NaOH extractions 924:939 NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes 924:1008 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 65 theme acid 908:911 arg1 Microarrays 850:860 METHODS Microarrays 842:860 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 842:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 5 66 theme cell 1362:1365 arg1 walls 1367:1371 secondary cell walls 1352:1371 secondary cell walls of the sporophyte 1352:1389 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 0 67 theme gametophytes 64:75 arg1 profiling 19:27 Comparative glycan profiling 0:27 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes 0:91 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 3 68 theme sequential 865:874 arg1 CDTA 914:917 CDTA 914:917 CDTA 914:917 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 68 theme sequential 865:874 arg1 acid 908:911 sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid 865:911 sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 865:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 0 69 theme sporophytes 81:91 arg1 profiling 19:27 Comparative glycan profiling 0:27 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes 0:91 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 1 70 theme cycle 355:359 arg1 structure 361:369 life cycle structure 350:369 life cycle structure 350:369 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 9 71 located detected 1857:1864 arg2 epitopes 1834:1841 Glycan epitopes 1827:1841 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes 1827:1880 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 9 71 located detected 1857:1864 arg1 gametophytes 1869:1880 gametophytes 1869:1880 gametophytes 1869:1880 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 7 72 from similarities 1500:1511 arg1 AGP 1541:1543 AGP 1541:1543 AGP 1541:1543 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 7 72 from similarities 1500:1511 arg1 patterns 1582:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns 1550:1589 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 7 72 from similarities 1500:1511 arg1 protein 1532:1538 arabinogalactan protein 1516:1538 arabinogalactan protein (AGP) 1516:1544 Rhizoids and root hairs showed similarities in arabinogalactan protein (AGP) and xyloglucan epitope distribution patterns. 24699895 0 73 theme functional 124:133 arg1 specialization 135:148 functional specialization 124:148 functional specialization 124:148 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 5 74 dep homogalacturonan 1229:1244 arg1 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 5 74 dep homogalacturonan 1229:1244 arg1 tissues 1314:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 0 75 theme cell-wall 99:107 arg1 composition 109:119 cell-wall composition 99:119 cell-wall composition 99:119 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 9 76 theme cell 1903:1906 arg1 walls 1908:1912 cell walls 1903:1912 cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte 1903:1953 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 3 77 theme gametophytes 944:955 arg1 extractions 929:939 NaOH extractions 924:939 NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes 924:1008 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 77 theme gametophytes 944:955 arg1 Microarrays 850:860 METHODS Microarrays 842:860 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 842:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 2 78 from changes 496:502 arg1 structure 513:521 plant structure 507:521 plant structure 507:521 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 78 from changes 496:502 arg1 function 527:534 function 527:534 function 527:534 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 79 theme epitopes 708:715 arg1 distribution 675:686 distribution 675:686 distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns 675:839 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 79 theme epitopes 708:715 arg1 presence 662:669 the presence 658:669 the presence 658:669 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 1 80 theme evolutionary 249:260 arg1 history 262:268 the evolutionary history 245:268 the evolutionary history of land plants 245:283 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 0 81 theme glycan 12:17 arg1 profiling 19:27 Comparative glycan profiling 0:27 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes 0:91 Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. 24699895 1 82 theme involved 397:404 arg1 modifications 416:428 involved cell-wall modifications 397:428 involved cell-wall modifications 397:428 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 9 83 theme tissues 1929:1935 arg1 walls 1908:1912 cell walls 1903:1912 cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte 1903:1953 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 8 84 theme cell-wall 1647:1655 arg1 composition 1657:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 glycan cell-wall composition 1640:1667 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 2 85 theme cell-wall 691:699 arg1 epitopes 708:715 cell-wall glycan epitopes 691:715 cell-wall glycan epitopes 691:715 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 3 86 theme different 969:977 arg1 organs 979:984 different organs 969:984 different organs 969:984 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 4 87 theme same 1070:1073 arg1 probes 1075:1080 The same probes 1066:1080 The same probes 1066:1080 The same probes were employed to investigate the tissue- and cell-specific distribution of glycan epitopes. 24699895 5 88 theme sporophyte 1380:1389 arg1 walls 1367:1371 secondary cell walls 1352:1371 secondary cell walls of the sporophyte 1352:1389 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 3 89 theme spores 958:963 arg1 extractions 929:939 NaOH extractions 924:939 NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes 924:1008 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 3 89 theme spores 958:963 arg1 Microarrays 850:860 METHODS Microarrays 842:860 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) 842:918 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 8 90 theme C-Fern 1678:1683 arg1 gametophytes 1686:1697 'C-Fern' gametophytes 1677:1697 'C-Fern' gametophytes 1677:1697 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 1 91 theme dramatic 330:337 arg1 changes 339:345 dramatic changes 330:345 dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications 330:428 BACKGROUND AND AIMS Innovations in vegetative and reproductive characters were key factors in the evolutionary history of land plants and most of these transformations, including dramatic changes in life cycle structure and strategy, necessarily involved cell-wall modifications. 24699895 3 92 theme C-Fern 990:995 arg1 sporophytes 998:1008 'C-Fern' sporophytes 989:1008 'C-Fern' sporophytes 989:1008 METHODS Microarrays of sequential diamino-cyclohexane-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and NaOH extractions of gametophytes, spores and different organs of 'C-Fern' sporophytes were probed with glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies. 24699895 2 93 theme walls 477:481 arg1 role 464:467 the role 460:467 the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization 460:601 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 8 94 theme walls 1758:1762 arg1 design 1743:1748 the molecular design 1729:1748 the molecular design of cell walls 1729:1762 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 5 95 theme pectic 1222:1227 arg1 homogalacturonan 1229:1244 pectic homogalacturonan 1222:1244 pectic homogalacturonan 1222:1244 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 8 96 theme functional 1773:1782 arg1 specialization 1784:1797 functional specialization 1773:1797 functional specialization rather than genetic origin 1773:1824 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 24699895 5 97 theme sporophytic 1302:1312 arg1 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 xylans 1323:1328 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 5 97 theme sporophytic 1302:1312 arg1 tissues 1314:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues 1269:1320 KEY RESULTS While monoclonal antibodies against pectic homogalacturonan, mannan and xyloglucan widely labelled gametophytic and sporophytic tissues, xylans were only detected in secondary cell walls of the sporophyte. 24699895 2 98 theme used 813:816 arg1 system 824:829 a widely used model system 804:829 a widely used model system for ferns 804:839 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 2 98 theme used 813:816 arg1 Ceratopteris 771:782 Ceratopteris 771:782 Ceratopteris 771:782 To provide more insight into the role of cell walls in effecting changes in plant structure and function, and in particular their role in the generation of vascularization, an antibody-based approach was implemented to compare the presence and distribution of cell-wall glycan epitopes between (free-living) gametophytes and sporophytes of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern', a widely used model system for ferns. 24699895 9 99 theme specialized 1917:1927 arg1 tissues 1929:1935 specialized tissues 1917:1935 specialized tissues in the sporophyte 1917:1953 Glycan epitopes that were not detected in gametophytes were associated with cell walls of specialized tissues in the sporophyte. 24699895 8 100 dep differences 1608:1618 arg1 The 1604:1606 The 1604:1606 The 1604:1606 CONCLUSIONS The differences and similarities in glycan cell-wall composition between 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes indicate that the molecular design of cell walls reflects functional specialization rather than genetic origin. 26687144 3 0 theme containing 353:362 arg1 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 3 0 theme containing 353:362 arg1 domain 346:351 isoprenoid synthase domain containing 326:362 isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) 326:369 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 4 1 from homologs 651:658 arg1 absent 622:627 absent 622:627 absent 622:627 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 1 from homologs 651:658 arg1 domain 607:612 a C-terminal domain 594:612 a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 594:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 1 2 with interaction 154:164 arg1 protein ligands 171:185 protein ligands 171:185 protein ligands in the extracellular matrix 171:213 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 5 3 theme pentose 765:771 arg1 5-phosphate 824:834 ribose 5-phosphate 817:834 ribose 5-phosphate 817:834 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 5 3 theme pentose 765:771 arg1 5-phosphate 849:859 ribitol 5-phosphate 841:859 ribitol 5-phosphate 841:859 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 5 3 theme pentose 765:771 arg1 phosphates 773:782 pentose phosphates 765:782 pentose phosphates 765:782 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 5 3 theme pentose 765:771 arg1 ribulose 5-phosphate 795:814 ribulose 5-phosphate 795:814 ribulose 5-phosphate 795:814 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 3 4 theme synthase 337:344 arg1 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 3 4 theme synthase 337:344 arg1 domain 346:351 isoprenoid synthase domain containing 326:362 isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) 326:369 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 7 5 theme α-dystroglycan 1182:1195 arg1 O-mannosylation 1197:1211 functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation 1171:1211 functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1171:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 8 6 theme growing 1279:1285 arg1 list 1287:1290 the growing list 1275:1290 the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies 1275:1323 Thereby, ISPD deficiency can be added to the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 4 7 theme canonical 537:545 arg1 domain 577:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain 535:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 535:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 5 8 theme hISPD 719:723 arg1 localization 703:714 cytosolic localization 693:714 cytosolic localization of hISPD 693:723 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 6 9 theme mass 954:957 arg1 spectrometry 959:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 3 10 theme second 385:390 arg1 cause of 404:411 the second most common cause of 381:411 the second most common cause of 381:411 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 4 11 from absent 622:627 arg1 homologs 651:658 cytidyltransferase homologs 632:658 cytidyltransferase homologs 632:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 7 12 theme essential 1157:1165 arg1 sugar 1151:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar 1126:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1126:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 3 13 from Mutations 313:321 arg1 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 3 13 from Mutations 313:321 arg1 domain 346:351 isoprenoid synthase domain containing 326:362 isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) 326:369 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 6 14 theme resonance 1009:1017 arg1 spectroscopy 1019:1030 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 976:1030 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 976:1030 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 5 15 theme Functional 661:670 arg1 studies 672:678 Functional studies 661:678 Functional studies 661:678 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 8 16 theme dystroglycanopathies 1304:1323 arg1 list 1287:1290 the growing list 1275:1290 the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies 1275:1323 Thereby, ISPD deficiency can be added to the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 4 17 theme crystal 510:516 arg1 structure 518:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure 487:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure 487:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 6 18 theme CDP 878:880 arg1 sugars 882:887 the CDP sugars 874:887 the CDP sugars 874:887 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 1 19 theme unique 80:85 arg1 essential 136:144 essential 136:144 essential 136:144 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 1 19 theme unique 80:85 arg1 glycan 108:113 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan 78:113 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan 78:131 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 6 20 theme nuclear 992:998 arg1 resonance 1009:1017 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance 976:1017 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 976:1030 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 5 21 theme cytosolic 693:701 arg1 localization 703:714 cytosolic localization 693:714 cytosolic localization of hISPD 693:723 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 3 22 theme molecular 443:451 arg1 function 453:460 its molecular function 439:460 its molecular function 439:460 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 0 23 theme Human 0:4 arg1 ISPD 6:9 Human ISPD 0:9 Human ISPD 0:9 Human ISPD Is a Cytidyltransferase Required for Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation. 26687144 0 23 theme Human 0:4 arg1 Cytidyltransferase 16:33 a Cytidyltransferase 14:33 a Cytidyltransferase Required for Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation 14:75 Human ISPD Is a Cytidyltransferase Required for Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation. 26687144 1 24 theme extracellular 194:206 arg1 matrix 208:213 the extracellular matrix 190:213 the extracellular matrix 190:213 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 3 25 theme common 397:402 arg1 cause of 404:411 the second most common cause of 381:411 the second most common cause of 381:411 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 6 26 theme sugars 882:887 arg1 Identity 862:869 Identity 862:869 Identity of the CDP sugars 862:887 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 1 27 theme O-mannosyl 97:106 arg1 essential 136:144 essential 136:144 essential 136:144 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 1 27 theme O-mannosyl 97:106 arg1 glycan 108:113 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan 78:113 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan 78:131 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 6 28 theme two-dimensional 976:990 arg1 resonance 1009:1017 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance 976:1017 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 976:1030 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 4 29 attach linked 584:589 arg1 absent 622:627 absent 622:627 absent 622:627 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 29 attach linked 584:589 arg1 domain 607:612 a C-terminal domain 594:612 a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 594:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 29 attach linked 584:589 arg2 domain 577:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain 535:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 535:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 30 theme C-terminal 596:605 arg1 absent 622:627 absent 622:627 absent 622:627 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 30 theme C-terminal 596:605 arg1 domain 607:612 a C-terminal domain 594:612 a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 594:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 8 31 theme ISPD 1243:1246 arg1 deficiency 1248:1257 ISPD deficiency 1243:1257 ISPD deficiency 1243:1257 Thereby, ISPD deficiency can be added to the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 4 32 theme cytidyltransferase 558:575 arg1 domain 577:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain 535:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 535:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 33 theme ISPD 497:500 arg1 structure 518:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure 487:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure 487:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 7 34 theme functional 1171:1180 arg1 O-mannosylation 1197:1211 functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation 1171:1211 functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1171:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 7 35 theme sugar 1151:1155 arg1 presence 1114:1121 the presence 1110:1121 the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1110:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 0 36 theme Dystroglycan 48:59 arg1 O-Mannosylation 61:75 Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation 48:75 Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation 48:75 Human ISPD Is a Cytidyltransferase Required for Dystroglycan O-Mannosylation. 26687144 4 37 theme N-terminal 547:556 arg1 domain 577:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain 535:582 a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs 535:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 3 38 dep represent 371:379 arg1 disorders 419:427 these disorders 413:427 these disorders 413:427 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 4 39 theme human 491:495 arg1 hISPD 503:507 hISPD 503:507 hISPD 503:507 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 4 39 theme human 491:495 arg1 ISPD 497:500 human ISPD 491:500 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure 487:526 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 6 40 theme magnetic 1000:1007 arg1 resonance 1009:1017 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance 976:1017 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 976:1030 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 7 41 gly O-mannosylation 1197:1211 arg1 muscle 1216:1221 muscle 1216:1221 muscle 1216:1221 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 7 41 gly O-mannosylation 1197:1211 arg1 brain 1227:1231 brain 1227:1231 brain 1227:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 6 42 theme time-of-flight 939:952 arg1 spectrometry 959:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 6 43 theme quadrupole 928:937 arg1 spectrometry 959:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 7 44 theme human 1134:1138 arg1 sugar 1151:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar 1126:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1126:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 1 45 dep unique 80:85 arg1 unsolved 88:95 unsolved 88:95 unsolved 88:95 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 7 46 theme combined 1037:1044 arg1 results 1046:1052 Our combined results 1033:1052 Our combined results 1033:1052 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 5 47 theme cytidyltransferase 730:747 arg1 activity 749:756 cytidyltransferase activity 730:756 cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate 730:859 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 2 48 theme Defective 216:224 arg1 O-mannosylation 226:240 Defective O-mannosylation 216:240 Defective O-mannosylation 216:240 Defective O-mannosylation leads to a group of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 7 49 theme nucleotide 1140:1149 arg1 sugar 1151:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar 1126:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1126:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 1 50 from glycan 108:113 arg1 α-dystroglycan 118:131 α-dystroglycan 118:131 α-dystroglycan 118:131 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 8 51 theme tertiary 1295:1302 arg1 dystroglycanopathies 1304:1323 tertiary dystroglycanopathies 1295:1323 tertiary dystroglycanopathies 1295:1323 Thereby, ISPD deficiency can be added to the growing list of tertiary dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 3 52 theme isoprenoid 326:335 arg1 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 ISPD 365:368 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 3 52 theme isoprenoid 326:335 arg1 domain 346:351 isoprenoid synthase domain containing 326:362 isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) 326:369 Mutations in isoprenoid synthase domain containing (ISPD) represent the second most common cause of these disorders, however, its molecular function remains uncharacterized. 26687144 6 53 theme chromatography 913:926 arg1 spectrometry 959:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 2 54 theme dystrophies 271:281 arg1 group 253:257 a group 251:257 a group 251:257 Defective O-mannosylation leads to a group of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 2 54 theme dystrophies 271:281 arg1 dystrophies 271:281 muscular dystrophies 262:281 muscular dystrophies 262:281 Defective O-mannosylation leads to a group of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 4 55 theme cytidyltransferase 632:649 arg1 homologs 651:658 cytidyltransferase homologs 632:658 cytidyltransferase homologs 632:658 The human ISPD (hISPD) crystal structure showed a canonical N-terminal cytidyltransferase domain linked to a C-terminal domain that is absent in cytidyltransferase homologs. 26687144 6 56 theme liquid 906:911 arg1 spectrometry 959:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry 906:970 Identity of the CDP sugars was confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 26687144 2 57 theme muscular 262:269 arg1 dystrophies 271:281 muscular dystrophies 262:281 muscular dystrophies 262:281 Defective O-mannosylation leads to a group of muscular dystrophies, called dystroglycanopathies. 26687144 7 58 theme novel 1128:1132 arg1 sugar 1151:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar 1126:1155 a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain 1126:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 5 59 theme ribitol 841:847 arg1 5-phosphate 849:859 ribitol 5-phosphate 841:859 ribitol 5-phosphate 841:859 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 26687144 7 60 from O-mannosylation 1197:1211 arg1 muscle 1216:1221 muscle 1216:1221 muscle 1216:1221 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 7 60 from O-mannosylation 1197:1211 arg1 brain 1227:1231 brain 1227:1231 brain 1227:1231 Our combined results indicate that hISPD is a cytidyltransferase, suggesting the presence of a novel human nucleotide sugar essential for functional α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation in muscle and brain. 26687144 1 61 from protein ligands 171:185 arg1 matrix 208:213 the extracellular matrix 190:213 the extracellular matrix 190:213 A unique, unsolved O-mannosyl glycan on α-dystroglycan is essential for its interaction with protein ligands in the extracellular matrix. 26687144 5 62 theme ribose 817:822 arg1 5-phosphate 824:834 ribose 5-phosphate 817:834 ribose 5-phosphate 817:834 Functional studies demonstrated cytosolic localization of hISPD, and cytidyltransferase activity toward pentose phosphates, including ribulose 5-phosphate, ribose 5-phosphate, and ribitol 5-phosphate. 28923569 0 0 theme mice 95:98 arg1 tracts 85:90 the gastrointestinal tracts 64:90 the gastrointestinal tracts of mice 64:98 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. 28923569 2 1 theme gastrointestinal 454:469 arg1 tract 471:475 the gastrointestinal tract 450:475 the gastrointestinal tract 450:475 The residual GXG in the stomach could pass through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted into faeces with a very slow fermentation in the large intestine. 28923569 4 2 theme monosaccharide 804:817 arg1 compositions 819:830 monosaccharide compositions 804:830 monosaccharide compositions 804:830 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 3 theme linkage 847:853 arg1 types 855:859 glycosidic linkage types 836:859 glycosidic linkage types 836:859 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 2 4 from fermentation 523:534 arg1 intestine 549:557 the large intestine 539:557 the large intestine 539:557 The residual GXG in the stomach could pass through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted into faeces with a very slow fermentation in the large intestine. 28923569 4 5 theme compositions 819:830 arg1 ratio 795:799 the molar ratio 785:799 the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types 785:859 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 6 theme -linked 1026:1032 arg1 linkage 1001:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 6 theme -linked 1026:1032 arg1 linkage 1039:1045 (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1021:1045 especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1010:1045 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 1 7 theme stable 266:271 arg1 dGXG 283:286 dGXG 283:286 dGXG 283:286 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 1 7 theme stable 266:271 arg1 fragment 273:280 a stable fragment 264:280 a stable fragment (dGXG) 264:287 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 8 theme molar 789:793 arg1 ratio 795:799 the molar ratio 785:799 the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types 785:859 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 0 9 from polysaccharides 45:59 arg1 tracts 85:90 the gastrointestinal tracts 64:90 the gastrointestinal tracts of mice 64:98 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. 28923569 4 10 theme acid 935:938 arg1 treatment 940:948 the acid treatment 931:948 the acid treatment of GXG 931:955 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 1 11 from fragment 273:280 arg1 stomach 296:302 the stomach 292:302 the stomach 292:302 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 12 theme Galp 1034:1037 arg1 linkage 1001:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 12 theme Galp 1034:1037 arg1 linkage 1039:1045 (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1021:1045 especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1010:1045 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 0 13 theme Digestive 0:8 arg1 behavior 10:17 Digestive behavior 0:17 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium 0:31 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. 28923569 1 14 theme small 339:343 arg1 intestine 345:353 the small intestine 335:353 the small intestine 335:353 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 0 15 theme Dendrobium 22:31 arg1 behavior 10:17 Digestive behavior 0:17 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium 0:31 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. 28923569 2 16 theme slow 518:521 arg1 fermentation 523:534 a very slow fermentation 511:534 a very slow fermentation in the large intestine 511:557 The residual GXG in the stomach could pass through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted into faeces with a very slow fermentation in the large intestine. 28923569 1 17 theme fluorescent 106:116 arg1 method 131:136 fluorescent end-labeling method 106:136 fluorescent end-labeling method 106:136 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 18 link -linked 912:918 arg1 Galp 920:923 the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp 889:923 the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp 889:923 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 2 19 theme residual 403:410 arg1 GXG 412:414 The residual GXG 399:414 The residual GXG in the stomach 399:429 The residual GXG in the stomach could pass through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted into faeces with a very slow fermentation in the large intestine. 28923569 4 20 theme gastrointestinal 1083:1098 arg1 tract 1100:1104 the gastrointestinal tract 1079:1104 the gastrointestinal tract 1079:1104 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 3 21 theme acidic 610:615 arg1 responsible 655:665 responsible 655:665 responsible 655:665 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 3 21 theme acidic 610:615 arg1 condition 620:628 the acidic pH condition 606:628 the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid 606:649 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 1 22 theme end-labeling 118:129 arg1 method 131:136 fluorescent end-labeling method 106:136 fluorescent end-labeling method 106:136 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 23 theme Galp 920:923 arg1 loss 881:884 the loss 877:884 the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp 877:923 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 3 24 theme pH 617:618 arg1 responsible 655:665 responsible 655:665 responsible 655:665 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 3 24 theme pH 617:618 arg1 condition 620:628 the acidic pH condition 606:628 the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid 606:649 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 4 25 theme GXG 953:955 arg1 treatment 940:948 the acid treatment 931:948 the acid treatment of GXG 931:955 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 26 theme -linked 912:918 arg1 Galp 920:923 the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp 889:923 the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp 889:923 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 3 27 theme simulated 564:572 arg1 digestion 574:582 The simulated digestion 560:582 The simulated digestion of GXG 560:589 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 4 28 from change 775:780 arg1 ratio 795:799 the molar ratio 785:799 the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types 785:859 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 3 29 theme dGXG 733:736 arg1 digestion 720:728 the oral digestion 711:728 the oral digestion of dGXG 711:736 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 2 30 theme large 543:547 arg1 intestine 549:557 the large intestine 539:557 the large intestine 539:557 The residual GXG in the stomach could pass through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted into faeces with a very slow fermentation in the large intestine. 28923569 3 31 theme GXG 671:673 arg1 degradation 675:685 GXG degradation 671:685 GXG degradation 671:685 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 3 32 theme oral 715:718 arg1 digestion 720:728 the oral digestion 711:728 the oral digestion of dGXG 711:736 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 4 33 theme glycosidic 836:845 arg1 types 855:859 glycosidic linkage types 836:859 glycosidic linkage types 836:859 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 1 34 theme systemic 377:384 arg1 circulation 386:396 the systemic circulation 373:396 the systemic circulation 373:396 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 35 link -linked 1026:1032 arg1 linkage 1001:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 35 link -linked 1026:1032 arg1 linkage 1039:1045 (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1021:1045 especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1010:1045 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 3 36 theme gastric 637:643 arg1 fluid 645:649 the gastric fluid 633:649 the gastric fluid 633:649 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 3 37 theme GXG 587:589 arg1 digestion 574:582 The simulated digestion 560:582 The simulated digestion of GXG 560:589 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 4 38 theme types 855:859 arg1 ratio 795:799 the molar ratio 785:799 the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types 785:859 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 39 dep linkage 1039:1045 arg1 1→4 1022:1024 1→4 1022:1024 1→4 1022:1024 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 1 40 theme homogenous 141:150 arg1 GXG 191:193 GXG 191:193 GXG 191:193 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 1 40 theme homogenous 141:150 arg1 polysaccharide 175:188 a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide 139:188 a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice 139:232 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 41 theme linkage 1001:1007 arg1 cleavage 978:985 the cleavage 974:985 the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, 974:1046 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 42 theme Chemical 739:746 arg1 analysis 748:755 Chemical analysis 739:755 Chemical analysis 739:755 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 3 43 from condition 620:628 arg1 fluid 645:649 the gastric fluid 633:649 the gastric fluid 633:649 The simulated digestion of GXG indicated that the acidic pH condition in the gastric fluid was responsible for GXG degradation, which was supported by the oral digestion of dGXG. 28923569 1 44 theme Dendrobium 152:161 arg1 GXG 191:193 GXG 191:193 GXG 191:193 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 1 44 theme Dendrobium 152:161 arg1 polysaccharide 175:188 a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide 139:188 a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice 139:232 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 4 45 theme glycosidic 990:999 arg1 linkage 1039:1045 (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1021:1045 especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage 1010:1045 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 4 45 theme glycosidic 990:999 arg1 linkage 1001:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 glycosidic linkage 990:1007 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 0 46 theme gastrointestinal 68:83 arg1 tracts 85:90 the gastrointestinal tracts 64:90 the gastrointestinal tracts of mice 64:98 Digestive behavior of Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharides in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. 28923569 2 47 from GXG 412:414 arg1 stomach 423:429 the stomach 419:429 the stomach 419:429 The residual GXG in the stomach could pass through the gastrointestinal tract and was excreted into faeces with a very slow fermentation in the large intestine. 28923569 4 48 theme GXG 1060:1062 arg1 degradation 1064:1074 GXG degradation 1060:1074 GXG degradation 1060:1074 Chemical analysis not only showed a change in the molar ratio of monosaccharide compositions and glycosidic linkage types, but also found the loss of the sugar residue (1→4)-linked Galp after the acid treatment of GXG, suggesting that the cleavage of glycosidic linkage, especially (1→4)-linked Galp linkage, resulted in GXG degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. 28923569 1 49 theme huoshanense 163:173 arg1 GXG 191:193 GXG 191:193 GXG 191:193 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 28923569 1 49 theme huoshanense 163:173 arg1 polysaccharide 175:188 a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide 139:188 a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice 139:232 With fluorescent end-labeling method, a homogenous Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (GXG) that was orally administrated to mice was found to be degraded into a stable fragment (dGXG) in the stomach, where dGXG was propelled into the small intestine and absorbed into the systemic circulation. 26822404 2 0 theme responses 370:378 arg1 rise 304:307 A rise 302:307 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration 302:342 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 2 0 theme responses 370:378 arg1 responses 370:378 the first plant responses 354:378 the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) 354:442 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 2 0 theme responses 370:378 arg1 one 347:349 one 347:349 one 347:349 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 1 1 theme cellular 282:289 arg1 reactions 291:299 cellular reactions 282:299 cellular reactions 282:299 BACKGROUND Calcium, as a second messenger, transduces extracellular signals into cellular reactions. 26822404 6 2 theme defense-related 919:933 arg1 events 935:940 Downstream defense-related events 908:940 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest 908:1062 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 11 3 from structures 1919:1928 arg1 receptor 1937:1944 the receptor 1933:1944 the receptor 1933:1944 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 1 4 theme BACKGROUND 201:210 arg1 Calcium 212:218 BACKGROUND Calcium 201:218 BACKGROUND Calcium 201:218 BACKGROUND Calcium, as a second messenger, transduces extracellular signals into cellular reactions. 26822404 8 5 theme core 1315:1318 arg1 assembly 1359:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly 1315:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1315:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 3 6 theme 22-amino-acid 576:588 arg1 MAMP 590:593 a 22-amino-acid MAMP 574:593 a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 574:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 3 6 theme 22-amino-acid 576:588 arg1 flg22 567:571 flg22 567:571 flg22 567:571 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 8 7 theme Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 1336:1350 arg1 assembly 1359:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly 1315:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1315:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 7 8 theme next-generation 1118:1132 arg1 sequencing 1134:1143 next-generation sequencing 1118:1143 next-generation sequencing 1118:1143 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 2 9 theme calcium 322:328 arg1 concentration 330:342 cytosolic calcium concentration 312:342 cytosolic calcium concentration 312:342 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 8 10 theme responsible 1281:1291 arg1 This 1238:1241 This 1238:1241 This 1238:1241 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 8 10 theme responsible 1281:1291 arg1 α-1,3-mannosyltransferase 1255:1279 the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase 1251:1279 the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1251:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 8 11 theme assembly 1359:1366 arg1 step 1307:1310 the first step 1297:1310 the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1297:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 10 12 theme protein 1694:1700 arg1 glycosylation 1702:1714 Proper protein glycosylation 1687:1714 Proper protein glycosylation 1687:1714 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 9 13 theme reduced 1494:1500 arg1 function 1512:1519 the reduced enzymatic function 1490:1519 the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles 1490:1568 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 0 14 theme exported 25:32 arg1 receptors 69:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 0 14 theme exported 25:32 arg1 proteins 34:41 exported proteins 25:41 exported proteins 25:41 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 6 15 theme kinase 987:992 arg1 activation 994:1003 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 11 16 from H-insensitivity 1829:1843 arg1 mutants 1887:1893 the cce2/cce3 mutants 1873:1893 the cce2/cce3 mutants 1873:1893 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 3 17 with mutants 506:512 arg1 response 555:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response 519:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 519:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 11 18 theme altered 1904:1910 arg1 structures 1919:1928 altered glycan structures 1904:1928 altered glycan structures in the receptor 1904:1944 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 8 19 from step 1307:1310 arg1 side 1410:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 2 20 from rise 304:307 arg1 concentration 330:342 cytosolic calcium concentration 312:342 cytosolic calcium concentration 312:342 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 6 21 theme mitogen-activated 961:977 arg1 kinase 987:992 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 947:992 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 8 22 theme reticulum 1387:1395 arg1 side 1410:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 11 23 theme flg22 1848:1852 arg1 FLS2 1864:1867 FLS2 1864:1867 FLS2 1864:1867 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 11 23 theme flg22 1848:1852 arg1 receptor 1854:1861 flg22 receptor 1848:1861 flg22 receptor 1848:1861 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 0 24 theme Arabidopsis 179:189 arg1 thaliana 191:198 Arabidopsis thaliana 179:198 Arabidopsis thaliana 179:198 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 8 25 from assembly 1359:1366 arg1 side 1410:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 4 26 theme allelic 691:697 arg1 mutant 699:704 its weaker allelic mutant 680:704 its weaker allelic mutant 680:704 RESULTS Here, we characterized the cce2 mutant and its weaker allelic mutant, cce3. 26822404 0 27 theme immune 62:67 arg1 receptors 69:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 9 28 theme M5 1599:1600 arg1 accumulation 1583:1594 accumulation 1583:1594 accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER 1583:1684 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 8 29 theme luminal 1402:1408 arg1 side 1410:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 5 30 theme calcium 763:769 arg1 elevation 771:779 a reduced calcium elevation 753:779 a reduced calcium elevation 753:779 Besides flg22, the mutants respond with a reduced calcium elevation to several other MAMPs and a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding. 26822404 12 31 theme exported 2007:2014 arg1 proteins 2016:2023 other exported proteins 2001:2023 other exported proteins 2001:2023 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 3 32 attach derived 595:601 arg2 MAMP 590:593 a 22-amino-acid MAMP 574:593 a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 574:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 3 32 attach derived 595:601 arg2 flg22 567:571 flg22 567:571 flg22 567:571 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 3 32 attach derived 595:601 arg1 flagellin 618:626 bacterial flagellin 608:626 bacterial flagellin 608:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 0 33 theme molecular 157:165 arg1 patterns 167:174 microbe-associated molecular patterns 138:174 microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana 138:198 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 10 34 gly glycosylation 1702:1714 arg1 ER/Golgi 1732:1739 ER/Golgi processing 1732:1750 ER/Golgi processing 1732:1750 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 10 34 gly glycosylation 1702:1714 arg1 proteins 1780:1787 membrane proteins 1771:1787 membrane proteins 1771:1787 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 0 35 theme calcium 92:98 arg1 responses 125:133 calcium and downstream signaling responses 92:133 calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana 92:198 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 6 36 theme oxygen 1031:1036 arg1 species 1038:1044 reactive oxygen species 1022:1044 reactive oxygen species 1022:1044 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 12 37 gly glycosylation 1965:1977 arg1 proteins 2016:2023 other exported proteins 2001:2023 other exported proteins 2001:2023 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 12 37 gly glycosylation 1965:1977 arg1 receptors 1987:1995 MAMP receptors 1982:1995 MAMP receptors 1982:1995 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 12 37 gly glycosylation 1965:1977 arg1 plants 2115:2120 host plants 2110:2120 host plants 2110:2120 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 10 38 theme ER/Golgi 1732:1739 arg1 processing 1741:1750 ER/Golgi processing 1732:1750 ER/Golgi processing 1732:1750 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 0 39 theme downstream 104:113 arg1 signaling 115:123 downstream signaling 104:123 downstream signaling 104:123 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 9 40 from assays 1432:1437 arg1 mutant 1473:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 9 41 theme immature 1611:1618 arg1 M5 1599:1600 M5 1599:1600 M5(ER) 1599:1604 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 9 41 theme immature 1611:1618 arg1 structure 1660:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure 1607:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER 1607:1684 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 2 42 theme molecular 417:425 arg1 patterns 427:434 microbe-associated molecular patterns 398:434 microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) 398:442 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 2 42 theme molecular 417:425 arg1 MAMPs 437:441 MAMPs 437:441 MAMPs 437:441 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 0 43 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 glycosylation 8:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, 0:78 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 9 44 theme mannose-containing 1625:1642 arg1 M5 1599:1600 M5 1599:1600 M5(ER) 1599:1604 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 9 44 theme mannose-containing 1625:1642 arg1 structure 1660:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure 1607:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER 1607:1684 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 5 45 theme plant 810:814 arg1 peptide 827:833 a plant endogenous peptide 808:833 a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding 808:905 Besides flg22, the mutants respond with a reduced calcium elevation to several other MAMPs and a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding. 26822404 9 46 theme Complementation 1416:1430 arg1 assays 1432:1437 Complementation assays 1416:1437 Complementation assays 1416:1437 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 12 47 theme Proper 1958:1963 arg1 glycosylation 1965:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation 1947:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) 1947:2024 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 0 48 theme proteins 34:41 arg1 glycosylation 8:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, 0:78 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 0 49 gly glycosylation 8:20 arg1 receptors 69:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 0 49 gly glycosylation 8:20 arg1 proteins 34:41 exported proteins 25:41 exported proteins 25:41 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 2 50 theme plant 364:368 arg1 responses 370:378 the first plant responses 354:378 the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) 354:442 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 5 51 theme other 792:796 arg1 MAMPs 798:802 several other MAMPs 784:802 several other MAMPs 784:802 Besides flg22, the mutants respond with a reduced calcium elevation to several other MAMPs and a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding. 26822404 11 52 theme Endoglycosidase 1813:1827 arg1 H-insensitivity 1829:1843 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity 1813:1843 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants 1813:1893 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 10 53 theme proteins 1780:1787 arg1 trafficking 1756:1766 trafficking 1756:1766 trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane 1756:1810 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 10 53 theme proteins 1780:1787 arg1 processing 1741:1750 ER/Golgi processing 1732:1750 ER/Golgi processing 1732:1750 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 9 54 theme yeast 1462:1466 arg1 mutant 1473:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 3 55 dep Arabidopsis 485:495 arg1 thaliana 497:504 thaliana 497:504 thaliana 497:504 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 3 56 theme " 547:547 arg1 response 555:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response 519:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 519:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 8 57 from side 1410:1413 arg1 step 1307:1310 the first step 1297:1310 the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1297:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 1 58 theme extracellular 255:267 arg1 signals 269:275 extracellular signals 255:275 extracellular signals 255:275 BACKGROUND Calcium, as a second messenger, transduces extracellular signals into cellular reactions. 26822404 0 59 theme surface 54:60 arg1 receptors 69:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 surface immune receptors 54:77 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 6 60 theme flg22-induced 947:959 arg1 kinase 987:992 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 947:992 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 3 61 theme calcium 530:536 arg1 response 555:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response 519:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 519:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 12 62 theme plants 2115:2120 arg1 signaling 2097:2105 immune signaling 2090:2105 immune signaling of host plants 2090:2120 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 12 63 theme proteins 2016:2023 arg1 glycosylation 1965:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation 1947:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) 1947:2024 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 2 64 theme cytosolic 312:320 arg1 concentration 330:342 cytosolic calcium concentration 312:342 cytosolic calcium concentration 312:342 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 9 65 theme enzymatic 1502:1510 arg1 function 1512:1519 the reduced enzymatic function 1490:1519 the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles 1490:1568 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 6 66 theme Downstream 908:917 arg1 events 935:940 Downstream defense-related events 908:940 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest 908:1062 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 0 67 from patterns 167:174 arg1 thaliana 191:198 Arabidopsis thaliana 179:198 Arabidopsis thaliana 179:198 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 7 68 theme allelism 1149:1156 arg1 assay 1158:1162 allelism assay 1149:1162 allelism assay 1149:1162 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 3 69 theme cce 550:552 arg1 response 555:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response 519:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 519:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 12 70 theme immune 2090:2095 arg1 signaling 2097:2105 immune signaling 2090:2105 immune signaling of host plants 2090:2120 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 8 71 theme first 1301:1305 arg1 step 1307:1310 the first step 1297:1310 the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1297:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 4 72 theme cce2 664:667 arg1 mutant 669:674 the cce2 mutant 660:674 the cce2 mutant 660:674 RESULTS Here, we characterized the cce2 mutant and its weaker allelic mutant, cce3. 26822404 4 72 theme cce2 664:667 arg1 cce3 707:710 cce3 707:710 cce3 707:710 RESULTS Here, we characterized the cce2 mutant and its weaker allelic mutant, cce3. 26822404 9 73 theme proteins 1528:1535 arg1 function 1512:1519 the reduced enzymatic function 1490:1519 the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles 1490:1568 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 6 74 theme reactive 1022:1029 arg1 species 1038:1044 reactive oxygen species 1022:1044 reactive oxygen species 1022:1044 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 5 75 theme endogenous 816:825 arg1 peptide 827:833 a plant endogenous peptide 808:833 a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding 808:905 Besides flg22, the mutants respond with a reduced calcium elevation to several other MAMPs and a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding. 26822404 8 76 theme oligosaccharide 1320:1334 arg1 assembly 1359:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly 1315:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1315:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 2 77 theme first 358:362 arg1 responses 370:378 the first plant responses 354:378 the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) 354:442 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 7 78 theme genetic 1101:1107 arg1 mapping 1109:1115 genetic mapping 1101:1115 genetic mapping 1101:1115 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 1 79 theme second 226:231 arg1 messenger 233:241 a second messenger 224:241 a second messenger 224:241 BACKGROUND Calcium, as a second messenger, transduces extracellular signals into cellular reactions. 26822404 8 80 theme glycan 1352:1357 arg1 assembly 1359:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly 1315:1366 core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1315:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 10 81 theme Proper 1687:1692 arg1 glycosylation 1702:1714 Proper protein glycosylation 1687:1714 Proper protein glycosylation 1687:1714 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 12 82 theme optimal 2042:2048 arg1 responses 2050:2058 optimal responses 2042:2058 optimal responses to MAMPs 2042:2067 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 6 83 theme protein 979:985 arg1 kinase 987:992 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase 947:992 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 11 84 theme glycan 1912:1917 arg1 structures 1919:1928 altered glycan structures 1904:1928 altered glycan structures in the receptor 1904:1944 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 7 85 link Asparagine-linked 1202:1218 arg1 ALG3 1196:1199 ALG3 1196:1199 ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3) 1196:1235 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 7 85 link Asparagine-linked 1202:1218 arg1 glycosylation 1220:1232 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3 1202:1234 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3 1202:1234 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 8 86 theme endoplasmic 1375:1385 arg1 ER 1398:1399 ER 1398:1399 ER 1398:1399 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 8 86 theme endoplasmic 1375:1385 arg1 reticulum 1387:1395 endoplasmic reticulum 1375:1395 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side 1371:1413 This encodes the α-1,3-mannosyltransferase responsible for the first step of core oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 glycan assembly on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal side. 26822404 11 87 theme receptor 1854:1861 arg1 H-insensitivity 1829:1843 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity 1813:1843 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants 1813:1893 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 10 88 theme plasma 1796:1801 arg1 membrane 1803:1810 the plasma membrane 1792:1810 the plasma membrane 1792:1810 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 4 89 theme weaker 684:689 arg1 mutant 699:704 its weaker allelic mutant 680:704 its weaker allelic mutant 680:704 RESULTS Here, we characterized the cce2 mutant and its weaker allelic mutant, cce3. 26822404 5 90 theme reduced 755:761 arg1 elevation 771:779 a reduced calcium elevation 753:779 a reduced calcium elevation 753:779 Besides flg22, the mutants respond with a reduced calcium elevation to several other MAMPs and a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding. 26822404 9 91 from analysis 1450:1457 arg1 mutant 1473:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 6 92 theme growth 1050:1055 arg1 arrest 1057:1062 growth arrest 1050:1062 growth arrest 1050:1062 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 6 93 theme species 1038:1044 arg1 accumulation 1006:1017 accumulation 1006:1017 accumulation of reactive oxygen species 1006:1044 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 6 93 theme species 1038:1044 arg1 activation 994:1003 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation 947:1003 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 6 93 theme species 1038:1044 arg1 arrest 1057:1062 growth arrest 1050:1062 growth arrest 1050:1062 Downstream defense-related events such flg22-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and growth arrest are also attenuated in cce2/cce3. 26822404 0 94 theme signaling 115:123 arg1 responses 125:133 calcium and downstream signaling responses 92:133 calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana 92:198 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 11 95 theme cce2/cce3 1877:1885 arg1 mutants 1887:1893 the cce2/cce3 mutants 1873:1893 the cce2/cce3 mutants 1873:1893 Endoglycosidase H-insensitivity of flg22 receptor, FLS2, in the cce2/cce3 mutants suggests altered glycan structures in the receptor. 26822404 12 96 theme other 2001:2005 arg1 proteins 2016:2023 other exported proteins 2001:2023 other exported proteins 2001:2023 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 9 97 located found 1670:1674 arg2 structure 1660:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure 1607:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER 1607:1684 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 9 97 located found 1670:1674 arg2 M5 1599:1600 M5 1599:1600 M5(ER) 1599:1604 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 9 97 located found 1670:1674 arg1 ER 1683:1684 the ER 1679:1684 the ER 1679:1684 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 2 98 theme microbe-associated 398:415 arg1 patterns 427:434 microbe-associated molecular patterns 398:434 microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) 398:442 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 2 98 theme microbe-associated 398:415 arg1 MAMPs 437:441 MAMPs 437:441 MAMPs 437:441 A rise in cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first plant responses after exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). 26822404 7 99 theme Asparagine-linked 1202:1218 arg1 ALG3 1196:1199 ALG3 1196:1199 ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3) 1196:1235 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 7 99 theme Asparagine-linked 1202:1218 arg1 glycosylation 1220:1232 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3 1202:1234 Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3 1202:1234 By genetic mapping, next-generation sequencing and allelism assay, CCE2/CCE3 was identified to be ALG3 (Asparagine-linked glycosylation 3). 26822404 9 100 theme oligosaccharide 1644:1658 arg1 M5 1599:1600 M5 1599:1600 M5(ER) 1599:1604 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 9 100 theme oligosaccharide 1644:1658 arg1 structure 1660:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure 1607:1668 the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER 1607:1684 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 3 101 theme mutants 506:512 arg1 isolation 472:480 the isolation 468:480 the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 468:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 12 102 theme MAMP 1982:1985 arg1 receptors 1987:1995 MAMP receptors 1982:1995 MAMP receptors 1982:1995 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 9 103 theme cce2/cce3 1552:1560 arg1 alleles 1562:1568 the cce2/cce3 alleles 1548:1568 the cce2/cce3 alleles 1548:1568 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 3 104 theme Arabidopsis 485:495 arg1 mutants 506:512 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants 485:512 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 485:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 5 105 theme several 784:790 arg1 MAMPs 798:802 several other MAMPs 784:802 several other MAMPs 784:802 Besides flg22, the mutants respond with a reduced calcium elevation to several other MAMPs and a plant endogenous peptide that is proteolytically processed from pre-pro-proteins during wounding. 26822404 9 106 theme glycan 1443:1448 arg1 analysis 1450:1457 glycan analysis 1443:1457 glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant 1443:1478 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 0 107 theme microbe-associated 138:155 arg1 patterns 167:174 microbe-associated molecular patterns 138:174 microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana 138:198 Altered glycosylation of exported proteins, including surface immune receptors, compromises calcium and downstream signaling responses to microbe-associated molecular patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. 26822404 12 108 theme receptors 1987:1995 arg1 glycosylation 1965:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation 1947:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) 1947:2024 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 3 109 theme elevation 538:546 arg1 response 555:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response 519:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 519:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 3 110 theme changed 522:528 arg1 response 555:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response 519:562 a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin 519:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 12 111 theme CONCLUSION 1947:1956 arg1 glycosylation 1965:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation 1947:1977 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) 1947:2024 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 26822404 3 112 theme bacterial 608:616 arg1 flagellin 618:626 bacterial flagellin 608:626 bacterial flagellin 608:626 We reported previously the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with a "changed calcium elevation" (cce) response to flg22, a 22-amino-acid MAMP derived from bacterial flagellin. 26822404 10 113 theme membrane 1771:1778 arg1 proteins 1780:1787 membrane proteins 1771:1787 membrane proteins 1771:1787 Proper protein glycosylation is required for ER/Golgi processing and trafficking of membrane proteins to the plasma membrane. 26822404 9 114 theme alg3 1468:1471 arg1 mutant 1473:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 yeast alg3 mutant 1462:1478 Complementation assays and glycan analysis in yeast alg3 mutant confirmed the reduced enzymatic function of the proteins encoded by the cce2/cce3 alleles - leading to accumulation of M5(ER), the immature five mannose-containing oligosaccharide structure found in the ER. 26822404 12 115 theme host 2110:2113 arg1 plants 2115:2120 host plants 2110:2120 host plants 2110:2120 CONCLUSION Proper glycosylation of MAMP receptors (or other exported proteins) is required for optimal responses to MAMPs and is important for immune signaling of host plants. 28842967 6 0 theme greatest 943:950 arg1 adhesion 964:971 greatest erythrocyte adhesion 943:971 greatest erythrocyte adhesion 943:971 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 9 1 dep Biomater 1255:1262 arg1 1662-1671 1271:1279 1662-1671 1271:1279 1662-1671 1271:1279 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 28842967 4 2 theme hydrogel 539:546 arg1 particles 548:556 hydrogel particles 539:556 hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite 539:600 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 7 3 theme action 1184:1189 arg1 mechanisms 1170:1179 multiple mechanisms 1161:1179 multiple mechanisms of action 1161:1189 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 4 4 theme factor 709:714 arg1 concentration 716:728 factor concentration 709:728 factor concentration 709:728 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 7 5 theme multiple 1161:1168 arg1 mechanisms 1170:1179 multiple mechanisms 1161:1179 multiple mechanisms of action 1161:1189 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 2 6 theme coagulation 300:310 arg1 factors 312:318 coagulation factors 300:318 coagulation factors 300:318 Hemostatic agents accelerate hemostasis and help control hemorrhage by concentrating coagulation factors, acting as procoagulants and/or interacting with erythrocytes and platelets. 28842967 6 7 theme swelling 924:931 arg1 capacity 933:940 the highest swelling capacity 912:940 the highest swelling capacity 912:940 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 4 8 theme mechanical 761:770 arg1 barrier 772:778 a mechanical barrier 759:778 a mechanical barrier to blood loss 759:792 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 6 9 theme highest 916:922 arg1 capacity 933:940 the highest swelling capacity 912:940 the highest swelling capacity 912:940 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 9 10 theme Part 1242:1245 arg1 B 1247:1247 Part B 1242:1247 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 1223:1286 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 28842967 4 11 theme blood 783:787 arg1 loss 789:792 blood loss 783:792 blood loss 783:792 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 1 12 theme largest 158:164 arg1 contributor 166:176 the largest contributor 154:176 the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life 154:212 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 5 13 theme particle 803:810 arg1 compositions 812:823 Several particle compositions 795:823 Several particle compositions 795:823 Several particle compositions were synthesized and characterized. 28842967 4 14 theme work 519:522 arg1 goal 506:509 The goal 502:509 The goal of this work 502:522 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 2 15 theme control 264:270 arg1 hemorrhage 272:281 control hemorrhage 264:281 control hemorrhage 264:281 Hemostatic agents accelerate hemostasis and help control hemorrhage by concentrating coagulation factors, acting as procoagulants and/or interacting with erythrocytes and platelets. 28842967 3 16 theme biological 468:477 arg1 mechanisms 490:499 both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms 448:499 both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms 448:499 Hydrogel composites offer a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms. 28842967 0 17 theme alginate-chitosan 15:31 arg1 beads 42:46 alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads 15:46 alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads 15:46 Zeolite-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat. 28842967 0 17 theme alginate-chitosan 15:31 arg1 hemostat 61:68 a topical hemostat 51:68 a topical hemostat 51:68 Zeolite-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat. 28842967 7 18 theme hemostatic 1126:1135 arg1 agent 1137:1141 an effective hemostatic agent 1113:1141 an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action 1113:1189 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 1 19 theme leading 89:95 arg1 cause 97:101 the leading cause 85:101 the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury 85:147 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 1 19 theme leading 89:95 arg1 Hemorrhage 71:80 Hemorrhage 71:80 Hemorrhage 71:80 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 4 20 theme erythrocyte 687:697 arg1 adhesion 699:706 erythrocyte adhesion 687:706 erythrocyte adhesion 687:706 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 3 21 theme mechanical 453:462 arg1 mechanisms 490:499 both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms 448:499 both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms 448:499 Hydrogel composites offer a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms. 28842967 4 22 theme blood 644:648 arg1 coagulation 650:660 blood coagulation 644:660 blood coagulation 644:660 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 3 23 theme Hydrogel 397:404 arg1 composites 406:415 Hydrogel composites 397:415 Hydrogel composites 397:415 Hydrogel composites offer a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms. 28842967 7 24 theme effective 1116:1124 arg1 agent 1137:1141 an effective hemostatic agent 1113:1141 an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action 1113:1189 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 1 25 theme preventable 106:116 arg1 death 118:122 preventable death 106:122 preventable death after a traumatic injury 106:147 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 7 26 dep suggest 1023:1029 arg1 serve 1089:1093 serve 1089:1093 suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action 1023:1189 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 1 27 theme productive 189:198 arg1 years 200:204 productive years 189:204 productive years of life 189:212 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 6 28 theme in 986:987 arg1 cytotoxicity 995:1006 minimal in vitro cytotoxicity 978:1006 minimal in vitro cytotoxicity 978:1006 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 3 29 theme hemostatic 479:488 arg1 mechanisms 490:499 both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms 448:499 both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms 448:499 Hydrogel composites offer a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms. 28842967 1 30 theme years 200:204 arg1 loss 181:184 loss 181:184 loss of productive years of life 181:212 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 6 31 theme minimal 978:984 arg1 cytotoxicity 995:1006 minimal in vitro cytotoxicity 978:1006 minimal in vitro cytotoxicity 978:1006 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 2 32 theme Hemostatic 215:224 arg1 agents 226:231 Hemostatic agents 215:231 Hemostatic agents 215:231 Hemostatic agents accelerate hemostasis and help control hemorrhage by concentrating coagulation factors, acting as procoagulants and/or interacting with erythrocytes and platelets. 28842967 7 33 theme composite 1066:1074 arg1 material 1076:1083 a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material 1031:1083 a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material 1031:1083 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 5 34 theme Several 795:801 arg1 compositions 812:823 Several particle compositions 795:823 Several particle compositions 795:823 Several particle compositions were synthesized and characterized. 28842967 1 35 theme death 118:122 arg1 cause 97:101 the leading cause 85:101 the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury 85:147 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 1 35 theme death 118:122 arg1 contributor 166:176 the largest contributor 154:176 the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life 154:212 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 1 35 theme death 118:122 arg1 Hemorrhage 71:80 Hemorrhage 71:80 Hemorrhage 71:80 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 0 36 theme topical 53:59 arg1 beads 42:46 alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads 15:46 alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads 15:46 Zeolite-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat. 28842967 0 36 theme topical 53:59 arg1 hemostat 61:68 a topical hemostat 51:68 a topical hemostat 51:68 Zeolite-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat. 28842967 6 37 theme bead 870:873 arg1 composition 875:885 Hydrogel bead composition 861:885 Hydrogel bead composition 861:885 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 6 38 dep in 986:987 arg1 vitro 989:993 vitro 989:993 vitro 989:993 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 7 39 theme polymer 1033:1039 arg1 material 1076:1083 a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material 1031:1083 a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material 1031:1083 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 9 40 dep Res 1238:1240 arg1 2018 1282:1285 2018 1282:1285 2018 1282:1285 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 28842967 9 40 dep Res 1238:1240 arg1 106B 1265:1268 106B 1265:1268 106B 1265:1268 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 28842967 9 40 dep Res 1238:1240 arg1 B 1247:1247 Part B 1242:1247 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 1223:1286 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 28842967 9 40 dep Res 1238:1240 arg1 Biomater 1255:1262 Biomater 1255:1262 Biomater 1255:1262 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662-1671, 2018. 28842967 4 41 dep was 524:526 arg1 adhesion 699:706 erythrocyte adhesion 687:706 erythrocyte adhesion 687:706 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 4 41 dep was 524:526 arg1 concentration 716:728 factor concentration 709:728 factor concentration 709:728 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 4 41 dep was 524:526 arg1 ability 739:745 the ability 735:745 the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss 735:792 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 6 42 theme Hydrogel 861:868 arg1 composition 875:885 Hydrogel bead composition 861:885 Hydrogel bead composition 861:885 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 7 43 theme hydrogel-aluminosilicate 1041:1064 arg1 material 1076:1083 a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material 1031:1083 a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material 1031:1083 These results suggest a polymer hydrogel-aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. 28842967 1 44 theme life 209:212 arg1 years 200:204 productive years 189:204 productive years of life 189:212 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 1 45 theme traumatic 132:140 arg1 injury 142:147 a traumatic injury 130:147 a traumatic injury 130:147 Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. 28842967 4 46 theme multiple 666:673 arg1 mechanisms 675:684 multiple mechanisms 666:684 multiple mechanisms 666:684 The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. 28842967 6 47 theme erythrocyte 952:962 arg1 adhesion 964:971 greatest erythrocyte adhesion 943:971 greatest erythrocyte adhesion 943:971 Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. 28842967 0 48 theme hydrogel 33:40 arg1 beads 42:46 alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads 15:46 alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads 15:46 Zeolite-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat. 28842967 0 48 theme hydrogel 33:40 arg1 hemostat 61:68 a topical hemostat 51:68 a topical hemostat 51:68 Zeolite-loaded alginate-chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat. 28842967 8 49 dep © 1192:1192 arg1 Inc. 1218:1221 Inc. 1218:1221 Inc. 1218:1221 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 24503349 0 0 theme media 86:90 arg1 production 14:23 Bioflocculant production 0:23 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media 0:90 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 3 1 theme central 724:730 arg1 design 742:747 the central composite design 720:747 the central composite design 720:747 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 7 2 theme high 1568:1571 arg1 activity 1586:1593 The high flocculation activity 1564:1593 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant 1564:1614 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant suggests commercial potential. 24503349 4 3 theme FTIR 971:974 arg1 spectrometry 976:987 FTIR spectrometry 971:987 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant 971:1008 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 4 4 theme amino 1059:1063 arg1 groups 1065:1070 carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups 1036:1070 groups 1065:1070 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 1 5 theme 16S 259:261 arg1 sequence 268:275 16S rDNA sequence 259:275 16S rDNA sequence 259:275 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 6 6 from polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 concentration 1512:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 5 7 theme weight 1184:1189 arg1 distribution 1191:1202 The molecular weight distribution 1170:1202 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants 1170:1244 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 3 8 theme magnesium 866:874 arg1 1.6g/L 858:863 1.6g/L 858:863 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) 858:884 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 8 theme magnesium 866:874 arg1 chloride 876:883 magnesium chloride 866:883 magnesium chloride 866:883 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 1 9 theme rDNA 263:266 arg1 sequence 268:275 16S rDNA sequence 259:275 16S rDNA sequence 259:275 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 2 10 theme % 549:549 arg1 activities 533:542 flocculation activities 520:542 flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 520:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 5 11 from indication 1282:1291 arg1 composition 1313:1323 composition 1313:1323 composition 1313:1323 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 3 12 theme flocculation 903:914 arg1 activity 916:923 optimal flocculation activity 895:923 optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% 895:932 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 0 13 theme response 117:124 arg1 model 126:130 surface response model 109:130 surface response model 109:130 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 3 14 theme optimum 756:762 arg1 concentration 764:776 optimum concentration 756:776 optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) 756:884 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 6 15 from presence 1405:1412 arg1 concentration 1512:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 0 16 theme surface 109:115 arg1 model 126:130 surface response model 109:130 surface response model 109:130 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 1 17 theme bioflocculant 371:383 arg1 production 357:366 the production 353:366 the production of bioflocculant 353:383 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 6 18 theme purified 1369:1376 arg1 bioflocculant 1378:1390 the purified bioflocculant 1365:1390 the purified bioflocculant 1365:1390 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 5 19 theme heterogeneity 1296:1308 arg1 indication 1282:1291 an indication 1279:1291 an indication of heterogeneity in composition 1279:1323 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 4 20 theme interwoven 1137:1146 arg1 structure 1159:1167 an interwoven clump-like structure 1134:1167 an interwoven clump-like structure 1134:1167 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 6 21 theme bioflocculant 1378:1390 arg1 analyses 1353:1360 the chemical analyses 1340:1360 the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant 1340:1390 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 22 with proteins 1437:1444 arg1 sugar 1459:1463 neutral sugar 1451:1463 neutral sugar 1451:1463 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 22 with proteins 1437:1444 arg1 sugar 1472:1476 amino sugar 1466:1476 amino sugar 1466:1476 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 22 with proteins 1437:1444 arg1 acids 1489:1493 uronic acids 1482:1493 uronic acids 1482:1493 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 5 23 from composition 1313:1323 arg1 indication 1282:1291 an indication 1279:1291 an indication of heterogeneity in composition 1279:1323 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 3 24 theme optimal 895:901 arg1 activity 916:923 optimal flocculation activity 895:923 optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% 895:932 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 0 25 theme Bioflocculant 0:12 arg1 production 14:23 Bioflocculant production 0:23 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media 0:90 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 5 26 theme molecular 1174:1182 arg1 distribution 1191:1202 The molecular weight distribution 1170:1202 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants 1170:1244 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 6 27 dep polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 9.3mg 1535:1539 9.3mg 1535:1539 9.3mg 1535:1539 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 27 dep polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 mg 1550:1551 17.8 mg 1545:1551 17.8 mg per 100mg 1545:1561 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 27 dep polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 mg 1531:1532 5.7 mg 1527:1532 5.7 mg 1527:1532 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 27 dep polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 polysaccharides 1417:1431 polysaccharides 1417:1431 polysaccharides 1417:1431 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 7 28 theme commercial 1625:1634 arg1 potential 1636:1644 commercial potential 1625:1644 commercial potential 1625:1644 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant suggests commercial potential. 24503349 3 29 theme Plackett-Burman 690:704 arg1 design 706:711 Plackett-Burman design 690:711 Plackett-Burman design 690:711 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 30 theme % 932:932 arg1 activity 916:923 optimal flocculation activity 895:923 optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% 895:932 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 30 theme % 932:932 arg1 yield 952:956 bioflocculant yield 938:956 bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L 938:968 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 4 31 theme carboxyl 1036:1043 arg1 groups 1065:1070 carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups 1036:1070 groups 1065:1070 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 3 32 theme critical 785:792 arg1 source 806:811 the critical nutritional source 781:811 the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) 781:884 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 1 33 dep actinobacteria 144:157 arg1 identified 245:254 identified 245:254 identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas 245:291 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 1 33 dep actinobacteria 144:157 arg1 isolated 170:177 isolated 170:177 isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 170:239 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 1 34 theme Eastern 203:209 arg1 Province 216:223 the Eastern Cape Province 199:223 the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 199:239 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 2 35 theme nutritional 435:445 arg1 peptone 395:401 peptone 395:401 peptone 395:401 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 2 35 theme nutritional 435:445 arg1 chloride 417:424 magnesium chloride 407:424 magnesium chloride 407:424 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 2 35 theme nutritional 435:445 arg1 Sucrose 386:392 Sucrose 386:392 Sucrose 386:392 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 2 35 theme nutritional 435:445 arg1 sources 447:453 the nutritional sources 431:453 the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 431:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 7 36 theme flocculation 1573:1584 arg1 activity 1586:1593 The high flocculation activity 1564:1593 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant 1564:1614 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant suggests commercial potential. 24503349 6 37 theme proteins 1437:1444 arg1 presence 1405:1412 the presence 1401:1412 the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg 1401:1561 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 3 38 theme critical 654:661 arg1 peptone 620:626 peptone 620:626 peptone 620:626 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 38 theme critical 654:661 arg1 chloride 642:649 magnesium chloride 632:649 magnesium chloride 632:649 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 38 theme critical 654:661 arg1 sucrose 611:617 sucrose 611:617 sucrose 611:617 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 38 theme critical 654:661 arg1 components 669:678 critical media components 654:678 critical media components following Plackett-Burman design 654:711 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 5 39 from heterogeneity 1296:1308 arg1 composition 1313:1323 composition 1313:1323 composition 1313:1323 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 4 40 theme SEM 1113:1115 arg1 imaging 1117:1123 SEM imaging 1113:1123 SEM imaging 1113:1123 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 1 41 theme Cape 211:214 arg1 Province 216:223 the Eastern Cape Province 199:223 the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 199:239 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 2 42 theme bioflocculant 493:505 arg1 production 479:488 optimal production 471:488 optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 471:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 1 43 theme Streptomyces 297:308 arg1 Species 133:139 Species 133:139 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas 133:291 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 1 43 theme Streptomyces 297:308 arg1 consortium 338:347 a consortium 336:347 a consortium for the production of bioflocculant 336:383 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 1 43 theme Streptomyces 297:308 arg1 species 310:316 Streptomyces species 297:316 Streptomyces species 297:316 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 2 44 theme % 554:554 arg1 activities 533:542 flocculation activities 520:542 flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 520:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 3 45 theme media 663:667 arg1 peptone 620:626 peptone 620:626 peptone 620:626 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 45 theme media 663:667 arg1 chloride 642:649 magnesium chloride 632:649 magnesium chloride 632:649 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 45 theme media 663:667 arg1 sucrose 611:617 sucrose 611:617 sucrose 611:617 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 45 theme media 663:667 arg1 components 669:678 critical media components 654:678 critical media components following Plackett-Burman design 654:711 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 6 46 from concentration 1512:1524 arg1 presence 1405:1412 the presence 1401:1412 the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg 1401:1561 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 47 theme following 1502:1510 arg1 concentration 1512:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 48 theme neutral 1451:1457 arg1 sugar 1459:1463 neutral sugar 1451:1463 neutral sugar 1451:1463 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 4 49 theme bioflocculant 996:1008 arg1 spectrometry 976:987 FTIR spectrometry 971:987 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant 971:1008 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 5 50 theme constituents 1211:1222 arg1 distribution 1191:1202 The molecular weight distribution 1170:1202 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants 1170:1244 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 6 51 theme amino 1466:1470 arg1 sugar 1472:1476 amino sugar 1466:1476 amino sugar 1466:1476 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 2 52 theme magnesium 407:415 arg1 peptone 395:401 peptone 395:401 peptone 395:401 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 2 52 theme magnesium 407:415 arg1 chloride 417:424 magnesium chloride 407:424 magnesium chloride 407:424 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 2 52 theme magnesium 407:415 arg1 Sucrose 386:392 Sucrose 386:392 Sucrose 386:392 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 2 52 theme magnesium 407:415 arg1 sources 447:453 the nutritional sources 431:453 the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 431:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 7 53 theme bioflocculant 1602:1614 arg1 activity 1586:1593 The high flocculation activity 1564:1593 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant 1564:1614 The high flocculation activity of the bioflocculant suggests commercial potential. 24503349 0 54 theme Cellulomonas 61:72 arg1 species 74:80 Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species 44:80 species 74:80 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 3 55 theme surface 587:593 arg1 design 595:600 Response surface design 578:600 Response surface design 578:600 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 56 theme composite 732:740 arg1 design 742:747 the central composite design 720:747 the central composite design 720:747 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 0 57 theme Streptomyces 44:55 arg1 species 74:80 Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species 44:80 species 74:80 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 3 58 theme nutritional 794:804 arg1 source 806:811 the critical nutritional source 781:811 the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) 781:884 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 2 59 theme optimal 471:477 arg1 production 479:488 optimal production 471:488 optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 471:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 3 60 theme bioflocculant 938:950 arg1 yield 952:956 bioflocculant yield 938:956 bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L 938:968 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 61 theme source 806:811 arg1 concentration 764:776 optimum concentration 756:776 optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) 756:884 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 6 62 from proteins 1437:1444 arg1 concentration 1512:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 the following concentration 1498:1524 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 63 with polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 sugar 1459:1463 neutral sugar 1451:1463 neutral sugar 1451:1463 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 63 with polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 sugar 1472:1476 amino sugar 1466:1476 amino sugar 1466:1476 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 63 with polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 acids 1489:1493 uronic acids 1482:1493 uronic acids 1482:1493 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 64 theme chemical 1344:1351 arg1 analyses 1353:1360 the chemical analyses 1340:1360 the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant 1340:1390 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 4 65 theme groups 1065:1070 arg1 presence 1024:1031 the presence 1020:1031 the presence 1020:1031 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 5 66 theme bioflocculants 1231:1244 arg1 constituents 1211:1222 the constituents 1207:1222 the constituents of the bioflocculants 1207:1244 The molecular weight distribution of the constituents of the bioflocculants ranged 494.81-18,300.26 Da thus, an indication of heterogeneity in composition. 24503349 2 67 theme % 562:562 arg1 activities 533:542 flocculation activities 520:542 flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 520:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 3 68 theme magnesium 632:640 arg1 peptone 620:626 peptone 620:626 peptone 620:626 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 68 theme magnesium 632:640 arg1 chloride 642:649 magnesium chloride 632:649 magnesium chloride 632:649 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 68 theme magnesium 632:640 arg1 sucrose 611:617 sucrose 611:617 sucrose 611:617 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 68 theme magnesium 632:640 arg1 components 669:678 critical media components 654:678 critical media components following Plackett-Burman design 654:711 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 1 69 theme Africa 234:239 arg1 Province 216:223 the Eastern Cape Province 199:223 the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 199:239 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 0 70 theme species 74:80 arg1 production 14:23 Bioflocculant production 0:23 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media 0:90 Bioflocculant production by a consortium of Streptomyces and Cellulomonas species and media optimization via surface response model. 24503349 6 71 theme uronic 1482:1487 arg1 acids 1489:1493 uronic acids 1482:1493 uronic acids 1482:1493 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 6 72 theme polysaccharides 1417:1431 arg1 presence 1405:1412 the presence 1401:1412 the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg 1401:1561 Additionally, the chemical analyses of the purified bioflocculant revealed the presence of polysaccharides and proteins with neutral sugar, amino sugar and uronic acids in the following concentration: 5.7 mg, 9.3mg and 17.8 mg per 100mg. 24503349 4 73 theme clump-like 1148:1157 arg1 structure 1159:1167 an interwoven clump-like structure 1134:1167 an interwoven clump-like structure 1134:1167 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 1 74 theme actinobacteria 144:157 arg1 Species 133:139 Species 133:139 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas 133:291 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 1 74 theme actinobacteria 144:157 arg1 consortium 338:347 a consortium 336:347 a consortium for the production of bioflocculant 336:383 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 1 74 theme actinobacteria 144:157 arg1 species 310:316 Streptomyces species 297:316 Streptomyces species 297:316 Species of actinobacteria previously isolated from Tyume River in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and identified by 16S rDNA sequence as Cellulomonas and Streptomyces species were evaluated as a consortium for the production of bioflocculant. 24503349 4 75 theme typical 1073:1079 arg1 presence 1024:1031 the presence 1020:1031 the presence 1020:1031 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 24503349 2 76 theme flocculation 520:531 arg1 activities 533:542 flocculation activities 520:542 flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively 520:575 Sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride were the nutritional sources which supported optimal production of bioflocculant resulting in flocculation activities of 91%, 82% and 78% respectively. 24503349 3 77 theme g/L 966:968 arg1 activity 916:923 optimal flocculation activity 895:923 optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% 895:932 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 77 theme g/L 966:968 arg1 yield 952:956 bioflocculant yield 938:956 bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L 938:968 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 3 78 theme Response 578:585 arg1 design 595:600 Response surface design 578:600 Response surface design 578:600 Response surface design revealed sucrose, peptone and magnesium chloride as critical media components following Plackett-Burman design, while the central composite design showed optimum concentration of the critical nutritional source as 16.0 g/L (sucrose), 1.5 g/L (peptone) and 1.6g/L (magnesium chloride) yielding optimal flocculation activity of 98.9% and bioflocculant yield of 4.45 g/L. 24503349 4 79 theme hydroxyl 1046:1053 arg1 groups 1065:1070 carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups 1036:1070 groups 1065:1070 FTIR spectrometry of the bioflocculant indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups, typical for heteropolysaccharide, while SEM imaging revealed an interwoven clump-like structure. 25898947 3 0 from present 517:523 arg1 media 543:547 the incubation media 528:547 the incubation media 528:547 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 9 1 theme mass 1662:1665 arg1 properties 1677:1686 the mass transport properties 1658:1686 the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1658:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 2 2 theme walls 306:310 arg1 hydrogels 239:247 model cellulosic hydrogels 222:247 model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses 222:273 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 2 2 theme walls 306:310 arg1 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 6 3 from motif 1217:1221 arg1 PME 1226:1228 PME 1226:1228 PME 1226:1228 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 4 4 theme dextrans 684:691 arg1 series 651:656 a series 649:656 a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), 649:785 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 6 5 theme motif 1217:1221 arg1 lack 1188:1191 the lack 1184:1191 the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide 1184:1252 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 2 6 theme plant 295:299 arg1 walls 306:310 plant cell walls 295:310 plant cell walls 295:310 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 1 7 theme cell 195:198 arg1 walls 200:204 plant cell walls 189:204 plant cell walls 189:204 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 7 8 theme molecules 1444:1452 arg1 diffusivity 1425:1435 enhanced diffusivity 1416:1435 enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied 1416:1460 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 9 9 theme cellulose 1691:1699 arg1 networks 1701:1708 cellulose networks 1691:1708 cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1691:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 7 10 theme cellulose 1392:1400 arg1 fibres 1402:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 6 11 theme particular 1198:1207 arg1 motif 1217:1221 a particular binding motif 1196:1221 a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide 1196:1252 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 9 12 from networks 1701:1708 arg1 environments 1729:1740 highly hydrated environments 1713:1740 highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1713:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 7 13 theme arabinoxylan 1371:1382 arg1 fibres 1402:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 4 14 theme series 651:656 arg1 diffusivities 632:644 the diffusivities 628:644 the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), 628:785 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 5 15 theme molecular 1021:1029 arg1 weight 1031:1036 molecular weight 1021:1036 molecular weight higher than 10 kDa 1021:1055 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 9 16 theme hydrated 1720:1727 arg1 environments 1729:1740 highly hydrated environments 1713:1740 highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1713:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 9 17 theme relevant 1742:1749 arg1 environments 1729:1740 highly hydrated environments 1713:1740 highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1713:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 4 18 theme proteins 729:736 arg1 series 651:656 a series 649:656 a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), 649:785 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 6 19 theme possible 1266:1273 arg1 interactions 1288:1299 possible non-specific interactions 1266:1299 possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose 1266:1334 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 5 20 theme cellulose 902:910 arg1 fibres 912:917 cellulose fibres 902:917 cellulose fibres 902:917 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 5 21 theme scanning 933:940 arg1 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 5 21 theme scanning 933:940 arg1 microscopy 951:960 scanning electron microscopy 933:960 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 933:966 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 5 22 theme macromolecules 1003:1016 arg1 mobility 991:998 mobility 991:998 mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa 991:1055 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 4 23 theme molecular 707:715 arg1 weight 717:722 different molecular weight 697:722 different molecular weight 697:722 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 9 24 theme hemicelluloses 1780:1793 arg1 role 1772:1775 the role 1768:1775 the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls 1768:1833 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 5 25 theme diffusion 1077:1085 arg1 coefficients 1087:1098 lower diffusion coefficients 1071:1098 lower diffusion coefficients 1071:1098 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 9 26 from environments 1729:1740 arg1 properties 1677:1686 the mass transport properties 1658:1686 the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1658:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 0 27 from Diffusion 0:8 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels 31:78 self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels 31:78 Diffusion of macromolecules in self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels. 25898947 1 28 theme biotechnological 133:148 arg1 fields 150:155 many biotechnological fields 128:155 many biotechnological fields 128:155 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 9 29 from effect 1624:1629 arg1 properties 1677:1686 the mass transport properties 1658:1686 the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1658:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 3 30 theme Microbial 394:402 arg1 cellulose 404:412 Microbial cellulose 394:412 Microbial cellulose 394:412 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 4 31 theme plant 751:755 arg1 PME 781:783 PME 781:783 PME 781:783 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 31 theme plant 751:755 arg1 esterase 771:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase 749:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME) 749:784 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 32 theme methyl 764:769 arg1 PME 781:783 PME 781:783 PME 781:783 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 32 theme methyl 764:769 arg1 esterase 771:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase 749:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME) 749:784 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 0 33 theme macromolecules 13:26 arg1 Diffusion 0:8 Diffusion 0:8 Diffusion of macromolecules in self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels. 0:79 Diffusion of macromolecules in self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels. 25898947 9 34 with design 1846:1851 arg1 properties 1892:1901 tailored properties 1883:1901 tailored properties 1883:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 5 35 theme electron 942:949 arg1 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 SEM 963:965 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 5 35 theme electron 942:949 arg1 microscopy 951:960 scanning electron microscopy 933:960 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 933:966 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 0 36 theme self-assembled 31:44 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels 31:78 self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels 31:78 Diffusion of macromolecules in self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels. 25898947 9 37 theme plant 1856:1860 arg1 materials 1868:1876 plant based materials 1856:1876 plant based materials 1856:1876 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 8 38 theme polysaccharide 1575:1588 arg1 composition 1590:1600 polysaccharide composition 1575:1600 polysaccharide composition 1575:1600 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 2 39 theme hemicelluloses 343:356 arg1 role 335:338 the role 331:338 the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties 331:391 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 9 40 theme materials 1868:1876 arg1 design 1846:1851 design 1846:1851 design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1846:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 8 41 theme composition 1590:1600 arg1 function 1563:1570 a function 1561:1570 a function of polysaccharide composition 1561:1600 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 2 42 theme model 222:226 arg1 hydrogels 239:247 model cellulosic hydrogels 222:247 model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses 222:273 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 2 42 theme model 222:226 arg1 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 7 43 theme enhanced 1416:1423 arg1 diffusivity 1425:1435 enhanced diffusivity 1416:1435 enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied 1416:1460 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 9 44 from role 1772:1775 arg1 permeability 1802:1813 the permeability 1798:1813 the permeability of plant cell walls 1798:1833 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 9 45 theme tailored 1883:1890 arg1 properties 1892:1901 tailored properties 1883:1901 tailored properties 1883:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 2 46 theme transport 372:380 arg1 properties 382:391 their mass transport properties 361:391 their mass transport properties 361:391 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 5 47 theme xyloglucan 860:869 arg1 presence 848:855 The presence 844:855 The presence 844:855 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 9 48 theme hemicelluloses 1640:1653 arg1 effect 1624:1629 the effect 1620:1629 the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1620:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 5 49 dep weight 1031:1036 arg1 kDa 1053:1055 higher than 10 kDa 1038:1055 molecular weight higher than 10 kDa 1021:1055 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 2 50 from role 335:338 arg1 properties 382:391 their mass transport properties 361:391 their mass transport properties 361:391 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 7 51 contain containing 1360:1369 arg2 fibres 1402:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 7 51 contain containing 1360:1369 arg1 hydrogels 1350:1358 hydrogels 1350:1358 hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1350:1407 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 9 52 theme transport 1667:1675 arg1 properties 1677:1686 the mass transport properties 1658:1686 the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1658:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 2 53 theme cell 301:304 arg1 walls 306:310 plant cell walls 295:310 plant cell walls 295:310 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 1 54 theme plant 189:193 arg1 walls 200:204 plant cell walls 189:204 plant cell walls 189:204 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 1 55 used used 170:173 arg2 models 178:183 models 178:183 models for plant cell walls 178:204 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 1 55 used used 170:173 arg2 hydrogels 91:99 Cellulose hydrogels 81:99 Cellulose hydrogels 81:99 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 4 56 theme labelled 675:682 arg1 dextrans 684:691 fluorescently labelled dextrans 661:691 fluorescently labelled dextrans 661:691 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 56 theme labelled 675:682 arg1 esterase 771:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase 749:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME) 749:784 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 6 57 theme binding 1209:1215 arg1 motif 1217:1221 a particular binding motif 1196:1221 a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide 1196:1252 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 3 58 theme different 576:584 arg1 nano 586:589 different nano 576:589 different nano 576:589 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 9 59 theme networks 1701:1708 arg1 properties 1677:1686 the mass transport properties 1658:1686 the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1658:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 6 60 theme PME 1113:1115 arg1 diffusion 1117:1125 PME diffusion 1113:1125 PME diffusion 1113:1125 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 9 61 from properties 1677:1686 arg1 environments 1729:1740 highly hydrated environments 1713:1740 highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties 1713:1901 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 7 62 theme coating 1384:1390 arg1 fibres 1402:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres 1371:1407 In contrast, hydrogels containing arabinoxylan coating cellulose fibres showed enhanced diffusivity of the molecules studied. 25898947 5 63 theme weight 1031:1036 arg1 mobility 991:998 mobility 991:998 mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa 991:1055 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 6 64 theme non-specific 1275:1286 arg1 interactions 1288:1299 possible non-specific interactions 1266:1299 possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose 1266:1334 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 8 65 theme different 1467:1475 arg1 related 1496:1502 related 1496:1502 related 1496:1502 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 8 65 theme different 1467:1475 arg1 diffusivities 1477:1489 The different diffusivities 1463:1489 The different diffusivities 1463:1489 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 6 66 from lack 1188:1191 arg1 PME 1226:1228 PME 1226:1228 PME 1226:1228 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 3 67 located present 517:523 arg2 xyloglucan 484:493 xyloglucan 484:493 xyloglucan 484:493 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 67 located present 517:523 arg1 media 543:547 the incubation media 528:547 the incubation media 528:547 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 67 located present 517:523 arg2 hemicelluloses 460:473 hemicelluloses 460:473 hemicelluloses 460:473 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 67 located present 517:523 arg2 arabinoxylan 499:510 arabinoxylan 499:510 arabinoxylan 499:510 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 4 68 theme different 697:705 arg1 weight 717:722 different molecular weight 697:722 different molecular weight 697:722 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 3 69 from media 543:547 arg1 present 517:523 present 517:523 present 517:523 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 5 70 theme lower 1071:1075 arg1 coefficients 1087:1098 lower diffusion coefficients 1071:1098 lower diffusion coefficients 1071:1098 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 9 71 theme cell 1824:1827 arg1 walls 1829:1833 plant cell walls 1818:1833 plant cell walls 1818:1833 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 8 72 theme architectural 1511:1523 arg1 features 1525:1532 the architectural features 1507:1532 the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition 1507:1600 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 4 73 theme weight 717:722 arg1 dextrans 684:691 fluorescently labelled dextrans 661:691 fluorescently labelled dextrans 661:691 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 73 theme weight 717:722 arg1 esterase 771:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase 749:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME) 749:784 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 73 theme weight 717:722 arg1 proteins 729:736 proteins 729:736 proteins 729:736 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 1 74 theme Cellulose 81:89 arg1 models 178:183 models 178:183 models for plant cell walls 178:204 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 1 74 theme Cellulose 81:89 arg1 hydrogels 91:99 Cellulose hydrogels 81:99 Cellulose hydrogels 81:99 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 9 75 theme plant 1818:1822 arg1 walls 1829:1833 plant cell walls 1818:1833 plant cell walls 1818:1833 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 2 76 contain containing 249:258 arg1 hydrogels 239:247 model cellulosic hydrogels 222:247 model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses 222:273 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 2 76 contain containing 249:258 arg1 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 2 76 contain containing 249:258 arg2 hemicelluloses 260:273 hemicelluloses 260:273 hemicelluloses 260:273 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 3 77 with hydrogels 561:569 arg1 microstructures 595:609 microstructures 595:609 microstructures 595:609 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 77 with hydrogels 561:569 arg1 nano 586:589 different nano 576:589 different nano 576:589 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 9 78 theme walls 1829:1833 arg1 permeability 1802:1813 the permeability 1798:1813 the permeability of plant cell walls 1798:1833 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 1 79 theme many 128:131 arg1 fields 150:155 many biotechnological fields 128:155 many biotechnological fields 128:155 Cellulose hydrogels are extensively applied in many biotechnological fields and are also used as models for plant cell walls. 25898947 8 80 located found 1534:1538 arg1 composites 1547:1556 the composites 1543:1556 the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition 1543:1600 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 8 80 located found 1534:1538 arg2 features 1525:1532 the architectural features 1507:1532 the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition 1507:1600 The different diffusivities were related to the architectural features found in the composites as a function of polysaccharide composition. 25898947 4 81 theme pectin 757:762 arg1 PME 781:783 PME 781:783 PME 781:783 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 4 81 theme pectin 757:762 arg1 esterase 771:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase 749:778 a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME) 749:784 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 0 82 theme cellulose/hemicellulose 46:68 arg1 hydrogels 70:78 self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels 31:78 self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels 31:78 Diffusion of macromolecules in self-assembled cellulose/hemicellulose hydrogels. 25898947 5 83 theme C 976:976 arg1 NMR 978:980 (13)C NMR 972:980 (13)C NMR 972:980 The presence of xyloglucan, known to be able to crosslink cellulose fibres, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and (13)C NMR, reduced mobility of macromolecules of molecular weight higher than 10 kDa, reflected in lower diffusion coefficients. 25898947 6 84 contain containing 1153:1162 arg2 xyloglucan 1164:1173 xyloglucan 1164:1173 xyloglucan 1164:1173 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 6 84 contain containing 1153:1162 arg1 composites 1142:1151 composites 1142:1151 composites containing xyloglucan 1142:1173 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 9 85 theme based 1862:1866 arg1 materials 1868:1876 plant based materials 1856:1876 plant based materials 1856:1876 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 2 86 theme cellulosic 228:237 arg1 hydrogels 239:247 model cellulosic hydrogels 222:247 model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses 222:273 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 2 86 theme cellulosic 228:237 arg1 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 biomimetic 281:290 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 3 87 attach present 517:523 arg2 xyloglucan 484:493 xyloglucan 484:493 xyloglucan 484:493 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 87 attach present 517:523 arg1 media 543:547 the incubation media 528:547 the incubation media 528:547 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 87 attach present 517:523 arg2 hemicelluloses 460:473 hemicelluloses 460:473 hemicelluloses 460:473 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 3 87 attach present 517:523 arg2 arabinoxylan 499:510 arabinoxylan 499:510 arabinoxylan 499:510 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 25898947 2 88 theme mass 367:370 arg1 properties 382:391 their mass transport properties 361:391 their mass transport properties 361:391 We synthesised model cellulosic hydrogels containing hemicelluloses, as a biomimetic of plant cell walls, in order to study the role of hemicelluloses on their mass transport properties. 25898947 6 89 from PME 1226:1228 arg1 lack 1188:1191 the lack 1184:1191 the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide 1184:1252 Furthermore PME diffusion was reduced in composites containing xyloglucan, despite the lack of a particular binding motif in PME for this polysaccharide, suggesting possible non-specific interactions between PME and this hemicellulose. 25898947 9 90 theme model 1634:1638 arg1 hemicelluloses 1640:1653 model hemicelluloses 1634:1653 model hemicelluloses 1634:1653 Our results show the effect of model hemicelluloses in the mass transport properties of cellulose networks in highly hydrated environments relevant to understanding the role of hemicelluloses in the permeability of plant cell walls and aiding design of plant based materials with tailored properties. 25898947 4 91 theme fluorescence 793:804 arg1 recovery 806:813 fluorescence recovery 793:813 fluorescence recovery 793:813 We investigated the diffusivities of a series of fluorescently labelled dextrans, of different molecular weight, and proteins, including a plant pectin methyl esterase (PME), using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). 25898947 3 92 theme incubation 532:541 arg1 media 543:547 the incubation media 528:547 the incubation media 528:547 Microbial cellulose is able to self-assemble into composites when hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucan and arabinoxylan, are present in the incubation media, leading to hydrogels with different nano and microstructures. 26572471 0 0 theme performance 96:106 arg1 chromatography 115:128 high performance liquid chromatography 91:128 high performance liquid chromatography 91:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 6 1 theme first 1009:1013 arg1 time 1015:1018 the first time 1005:1018 the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization 1005:1189 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 4 2 theme standard 709:716 arg1 deviation 718:726 relative standard deviation 700:726 relative standard deviation 700:726 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 1 3 theme composition 184:194 arg1 analysis 196:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 161:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 161:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 2 4 from effects 358:364 arg1 separation 436:445 separation 436:445 separation 436:445 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 2 4 from effects 358:364 arg1 retention 422:430 retention 422:430 retention 422:430 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 0 5 theme high 91:94 arg1 chromatography 115:128 high performance liquid chromatography 91:128 high performance liquid chromatography 91:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 4 6 theme relative 700:707 arg1 deviation 718:726 relative standard deviation 700:726 relative standard deviation 700:726 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 0 7 theme liquid 108:113 arg1 chromatography 115:128 high performance liquid chromatography 91:128 high performance liquid chromatography 91:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 2 8 theme column 400:405 arg1 effects 358:364 The effects 354:364 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation 354:445 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 1 9 theme charged 328:334 arg1 detector 344:351 a charged aerosol detector 326:351 a charged aerosol detector 326:351 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 2 10 theme pH 393:394 arg1 effects 358:364 The effects 354:364 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation 354:445 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 4 11 theme % 773:773 arg1 recovery 775:782 94.02-103.37% recovery 761:782 94.02-103.37% recovery 761:782 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 11 theme % 773:773 arg1 accuracy 751:758 adequate accuracy 742:758 adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) 742:783 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 12 theme high 684:687 arg1 precision 689:697 high precision 684:697 high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%) 684:735 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 13 dep sensitivity 789:799 arg1 limit 812:816 detection limit 802:816 detection limit: 15-40 ng 802:826 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 5 14 dep Eclipta 898:904 arg1 L. 917:918 Eclipta prostrasta L. 898:918 Eclipta prostrasta L. 898:918 Finally, the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose were successfully profiled through this method. 26572471 4 15 theme 94.02-103.37 761:772 arg1 % 773:773 % 773:773 % 773:773 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 1 16 theme plant-derived 208:220 arg1 oligo- 222:227 plant-derived oligo- 208:227 plant-derived oligo- 208:227 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 0 17 theme monosaccharide 8:21 arg1 analysis 35:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 0:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography 0:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 6 18 dep time 1015:1018 arg1 determined 1089:1098 determined 1089:1098 determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization 1089:1189 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 6 18 dep time 1015:1018 arg1 well-separated 1070:1083 well-separated 1070:1083 well-separated 1070:1083 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 2 19 theme type 376:379 arg1 effects 358:364 The effects 354:364 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation 354:445 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 7 20 theme developed 1203:1211 arg1 method 1213:1218 This newly developed method 1192:1218 This newly developed method 1192:1218 This newly developed method is convenient, efficient and reliable for monosaccharide analysis. 26572471 1 21 theme oligo- 222:227 arg1 analysis 196:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 161:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 161:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 0 22 theme Neutral 0:6 arg1 analysis 35:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 0:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography 0:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 1 23 theme aerosol 336:342 arg1 detector 344:351 a charged aerosol detector 326:351 a charged aerosol detector 326:351 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 1 24 link plant-derived 208:220 arg1 oligo- 222:227 plant-derived oligo- 208:227 plant-derived oligo- 208:227 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 0 25 link plant-derived 47:59 arg1 oligo- 61:66 plant-derived oligo- 47:66 plant-derived oligo- 47:66 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 2 26 theme column 369:374 arg1 type 376:379 column type 369:379 column type 369:379 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 5 27 theme monosaccharide 843:856 arg1 compositions 858:869 the monosaccharide compositions 839:869 the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose 839:932 Finally, the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose were successfully profiled through this method. 26572471 4 28 theme good 652:655 arg1 linearity 657:665 good linearity 652:665 good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981) 652:681 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 28 theme good 652:655 arg1 R 668:668 R(2) ≥ 0.9981 668:680 R(2) ≥ 0.9981 668:680 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 5 29 from Eclipta 898:904 arg1 compositions 858:869 the monosaccharide compositions 839:869 the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose 839:932 Finally, the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose were successfully profiled through this method. 26572471 4 30 theme adequate 742:749 arg1 recovery 775:782 94.02-103.37% recovery 761:782 94.02-103.37% recovery 761:782 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 30 theme adequate 742:749 arg1 accuracy 751:758 adequate accuracy 742:758 adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) 742:783 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 2 31 dep type 376:379 arg1 temperature 407:417 temperature 407:417 temperature 407:417 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 1 32 theme polysaccharides 233:247 arg1 analysis 196:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 161:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 161:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 0 33 theme composition 23:33 arg1 analysis 35:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 0:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography 0:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 5 34 theme polysaccharide 878:891 arg1 compositions 858:869 the monosaccharide compositions 839:869 the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose 839:932 Finally, the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose were successfully profiled through this method. 26572471 4 35 dep limit 812:816 arg1 ng 825:826 15-40 ng 819:826 detection limit: 15-40 ng 802:826 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 0 36 theme plant-derived 47:59 arg1 oligo- 61:66 plant-derived oligo- 47:66 plant-derived oligo- 47:66 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 4 37 theme validation 607:616 arg1 results 596:602 The results 592:602 The results of validation 592:616 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 6 38 theme liquid 1135:1140 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 high performance liquid chromatography 1118:1155 high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization 1118:1189 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 4 39 theme detection 802:810 arg1 limit 812:816 detection limit 802:816 detection limit: 15-40 ng 802:826 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 3 40 theme potential 506:514 arg1 impurities 516:525 potential impurities 506:525 potential impurities 506:525 Additionally, the method could distinguish potential impurities in samples, including chloride, sulfate and sodium, from sugars. 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg1 method 641:646 this method 636:646 this method 636:646 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg2 precision 689:697 high precision 684:697 high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%) 684:735 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg2 recovery 775:782 94.02-103.37% recovery 761:782 94.02-103.37% recovery 761:782 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg2 R 668:668 R(2) ≥ 0.9981 668:680 R(2) ≥ 0.9981 668:680 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg2 sensitivity 789:799 sensitivity 789:799 sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng) 789:827 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg2 accuracy 751:758 adequate accuracy 742:758 adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) 742:783 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 41 contain had 648:650 arg2 linearity 657:665 good linearity 652:665 good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981) 652:681 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 7 42 theme monosaccharide 1262:1275 arg1 analysis 1277:1284 monosaccharide analysis 1262:1284 monosaccharide analysis 1262:1284 This newly developed method is convenient, efficient and reliable for monosaccharide analysis. 26572471 6 43 theme performance 1123:1133 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 high performance liquid chromatography 1118:1155 high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization 1118:1189 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 1 44 theme novel 133:137 arg1 method 150:155 A novel analytical method 131:155 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 131:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 0 45 theme oligo- 61:66 arg1 analysis 35:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 0:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography 0:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 1 46 theme analytical 139:148 arg1 method 150:155 A novel analytical method 131:155 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 131:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 2 47 theme additives 382:390 arg1 effects 358:364 The effects 354:364 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation 354:445 The effects of column type, additives, pH and column temperature on retention and separation were evaluated. 26572471 6 48 theme additional 1165:1174 arg1 derivatization 1176:1189 additional derivatization 1165:1189 additional derivatization 1165:1189 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 1 49 theme hydrophilic 269:279 arg1 chromatography 300:313 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 269:313 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector 269:351 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 4 50 dep precision 689:697 arg1 deviation 718:726 relative standard deviation 700:726 relative standard deviation 700:726 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 4 50 dep precision 689:697 arg1 % 734:734 4.43% 730:734 4.43% 730:734 The results of validation demonstrated that this method had good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9981), high precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 4.43%), and adequate accuracy (94.02-103.37% recovery) and sensitivity (detection limit: 15-40 ng). 26572471 6 51 theme high 1118:1121 arg1 chromatography 1142:1155 high performance liquid chromatography 1118:1155 high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization 1118:1189 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 1 52 theme interaction 281:291 arg1 chromatography 300:313 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 269:313 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector 269:351 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 6 53 theme common 1038:1043 arg1 monosaccharides 1045:1059 these common monosaccharides 1032:1059 these common monosaccharides 1032:1059 This report represents the first time that all of these common monosaccharides could be well-separated and determined simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography without additional derivatization. 26572471 1 54 theme neutral 161:167 arg1 analysis 196:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 161:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 161:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 5 55 from stachyose 924:932 arg1 compositions 858:869 the monosaccharide compositions 839:869 the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose 839:932 Finally, the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide from Eclipta prostrasta L. and stachyose were successfully profiled through this method. 26572471 1 56 theme liquid 293:298 arg1 chromatography 300:313 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 269:313 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector 269:351 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572471 0 57 theme polysaccharides 72:86 arg1 analysis 35:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 0:42 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography 0:128 Neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides by high performance liquid chromatography. 26572471 1 58 theme monosaccharide 169:182 arg1 analysis 196:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis 161:203 neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides 161:247 A novel analytical method for neutral monosaccharide composition analysis of plant-derived oligo- and polysaccharides was developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector. 26572445 0 0 theme Particle 64:71 arg1 effect 78:83 Particle size effect 64:83 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 1 1 theme CF-composite 248:259 arg1 films 261:265 the CF-composite films 244:265 the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 244:317 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 2 from performance 229:239 arg1 properties 175:184 their hydration properties 159:184 their hydration properties 159:184 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 3 theme hydration 165:173 arg1 properties 175:184 their hydration properties 159:184 their hydration properties 159:184 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 7 4 theme CF 1073:1074 arg1 properties 1041:1050 the hydration properties 1027:1050 the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF 1027:1074 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 1 5 theme films 261:265 arg1 effect 90:95 The effect 86:95 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties 86:184 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 5 theme films 261:265 arg1 performance 229:239 the performance 225:239 the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 225:317 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 5 theme films 261:265 arg1 capacity 202:209 antioxidant capacity 190:209 antioxidant capacity 190:209 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 6 6 from decrease 884:891 arg1 size 908:911 CF-particle size 896:911 CF-particle size 896:911 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 6 7 theme % 951:951 arg1 -CF- 952:955 0%-CF- 950:955 0%-CF- 950:955 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 4 8 theme calcium-crosslinked 687:705 arg1 chains 711:716 calcium-crosslinked LMP chains 687:716 calcium-crosslinked LMP chains 687:716 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 6 9 from stability 933:941 arg1 films 975:979 210 μm-CF-LMP films 961:979 210 μm-CF-LMP films 961:979 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 6 9 from stability 933:941 arg1 -CF- 952:955 0%-CF- 950:955 0%-CF- 950:955 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 4 10 theme CF 673:674 arg1 bridged 676:682 CF bridged 673:682 CF bridged 673:682 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 0 11 theme size 73:76 arg1 effect 78:83 Particle size effect 64:83 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 4 12 theme deformable 631:640 arg1 film 652:655 the least elastic and deformable composite film 609:655 the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged 609:682 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 1 13 theme antioxidant 190:200 arg1 capacity 202:209 antioxidant capacity 190:209 antioxidant capacity 190:209 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 14 theme commercial 282:291 arg1 LMP 314:316 LMP 314:316 LMP 314:316 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 14 theme commercial 282:291 arg1 pectin 306:311 commercial low methoxyl pectin 282:311 commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 282:317 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 5 15 theme loaded 758:763 arg1 CF 765:766 the loaded CF 754:766 the loaded CF 754:766 Antioxidant activity associated to the loaded CF was found in composites. 26572445 6 16 theme 0 950:950 arg1 % 951:951 % 951:951 % 951:951 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 7 17 theme hydration 1031:1039 arg1 properties 1041:1050 the hydration properties 1027:1050 the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF 1027:1074 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 1 18 theme low 293:295 arg1 LMP 314:316 LMP 314:316 LMP 314:316 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 18 theme low 293:295 arg1 pectin 306:311 commercial low methoxyl pectin 282:311 commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 282:317 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 2 19 contain contained 358:366 arg2 phenolics 384:392 phenolics 384:392 phenolics 384:392 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26572445 2 19 contain contained 358:366 arg2 carotenoids 368:378 carotenoids 368:378 carotenoids 368:378 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26572445 2 19 contain contained 358:366 arg1 CF 355:356 CF 355:356 CF 355:356 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26572445 6 20 theme CF-particle 896:906 arg1 size 908:911 CF-particle size 896:911 CF-particle size 896:911 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 0 21 theme fiber 7:11 arg1 films 28:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films 0:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 1 22 theme methoxyl 297:304 arg1 LMP 314:316 LMP 314:316 LMP 314:316 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 22 theme methoxyl 297:304 arg1 pectin 306:311 commercial low methoxyl pectin 282:311 commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 282:317 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 23 from capacity 202:209 arg1 properties 175:184 their hydration properties 159:184 their hydration properties 159:184 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 4 24 theme hydration 575:583 arg1 capability 585:594 the lowest hydration capability 564:594 the lowest hydration capability 564:594 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 0 25 theme Carrot 0:5 arg1 films 28:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films 0:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 6 26 theme hydrolytic 844:853 arg1 stability 855:863 its hydrolytic stability 840:863 its hydrolytic stability 840:863 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 1 27 from effect 90:95 arg1 properties 175:184 their hydration properties 159:184 their hydration properties 159:184 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 4 28 theme composite 642:650 arg1 film 652:655 the least elastic and deformable composite film 609:655 the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged 609:682 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 4 29 theme lowest 568:573 arg1 capability 585:594 the lowest hydration capability 564:594 the lowest hydration capability 564:594 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 0 30 theme CF 14:15 arg1 films 28:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films 0:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 7 31 from water 1110:1114 arg1 composites 1128:1137 composites 1128:1137 composites 1128:1137 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 6 32 dep -CF- 952:955 arg1 the 946:948 the 946:948 the 946:948 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 6 33 theme lowest 926:931 arg1 stability 933:941 the lowest stability 922:941 the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films 922:979 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 6 34 theme μm-CF-LMP 965:973 arg1 films 975:979 210 μm-CF-LMP films 961:979 210 μm-CF-LMP films 961:979 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 1 35 theme carrot 138:143 arg1 CF 152:153 CF 152:153 CF 152:153 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 35 theme carrot 138:143 arg1 fiber 145:149 carrot fiber 138:149 carrot fiber (CF) 138:154 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 0 36 theme composite 18:26 arg1 films 28:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films 0:32 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 5 37 located found 772:776 arg2 activity 731:738 Antioxidant activity 719:738 Antioxidant activity associated to the loaded CF 719:766 Antioxidant activity associated to the loaded CF was found in composites. 26572445 5 37 located found 772:776 arg1 composites 781:790 composites 781:790 composites 781:790 Antioxidant activity associated to the loaded CF was found in composites. 26572445 3 38 theme antioxidant 468:478 arg1 activity 480:487 antioxidant activity 468:487 antioxidant activity 468:487 CF showed antioxidant activity and produced homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites. 26572445 1 39 theme fiber 145:149 arg1 μm 131:132 53, 105 and 210 μm 115:132 53, 105 and 210 μm 115:132 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 39 theme fiber 145:149 arg1 size 109:112 particle size 100:112 particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) 100:154 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 7 40 theme pectin-containing 1055:1071 arg1 CF 1073:1074 pectin-containing CF 1055:1074 pectin-containing CF 1055:1074 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 2 41 theme rich 435:438 arg1 carotenoids 368:378 carotenoids 368:378 carotenoids 368:378 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26572445 0 42 dep films 28:32 arg1 effect 78:83 Particle size effect 64:83 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 0:84 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 4 43 link calcium-crosslinked 687:705 arg1 chains 711:716 calcium-crosslinked LMP chains 687:716 calcium-crosslinked LMP chains 687:716 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 4 44 theme elastic 619:625 arg1 film 652:655 the least elastic and deformable composite film 609:655 the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged 609:682 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 6 45 theme -ascorbic 803:811 arg1 AA 819:820 AA 819:820 AA 819:820 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 6 45 theme -ascorbic 803:811 arg1 acid 813:816 -ascorbic acid 803:816 -ascorbic acid (AA) 803:821 When L-(+)-ascorbic acid (AA) was also loaded, its hydrolytic stability increased with the decrease in CF-particle size, showing the lowest stability in the 0%-CF- and 210 μm-CF-LMP films. 26572445 4 46 theme LMP 707:709 arg1 chains 711:716 calcium-crosslinked LMP chains 687:716 calcium-crosslinked LMP chains 687:716 The 53-μm-CF showed the lowest hydration capability and produced the least elastic and deformable composite film due probably to CF bridged by calcium-crosslinked LMP chains. 26572445 3 47 theme homogeneous 502:512 arg1 composites 532:541 homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites 502:541 homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites 502:541 CF showed antioxidant activity and produced homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites. 26572445 7 48 from microstructure 1091:1104 arg1 composites 1128:1137 composites 1128:1137 composites 1128:1137 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 1 49 theme particle 100:107 arg1 μm 131:132 53, 105 and 210 μm 115:132 53, 105 and 210 μm 115:132 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 49 theme particle 100:107 arg1 size 109:112 particle size 100:112 particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) 100:154 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 3 50 theme calcium-LMP-based 514:530 arg1 composites 532:541 homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites 502:541 homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites 502:541 CF showed antioxidant activity and produced homogeneous calcium-LMP-based composites. 26572445 1 51 theme size 109:112 arg1 effect 90:95 The effect 86:95 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties 86:184 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 51 theme size 109:112 arg1 performance 229:239 the performance 225:239 the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 225:317 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 1 51 theme size 109:112 arg1 capacity 202:209 antioxidant capacity 190:209 antioxidant capacity 190:209 The effect of particle size (53, 105 and 210 μm) of carrot fiber (CF) on their hydration properties and antioxidant capacity as well as on the performance of the CF-composite films developed with commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was studied. 26572445 2 52 from rich 435:438 arg1 pectins 443:449 pectins 443:449 pectins (15%) 443:455 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26572445 2 52 from rich 435:438 arg1 % 454:454 15% 452:454 15% 452:454 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26572445 0 53 theme antioxidant 38:48 arg1 preservation 50:61 antioxidant preservation 38:61 antioxidant preservation 38:61 Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: Particle size effect. 26572445 7 54 theme particle 1002:1009 arg1 size 1011:1014 the particle size 998:1014 the particle size 998:1014 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 7 55 dep microstructure 1091:1104 arg1 the 1087:1089 the 1087:1089 the 1087:1089 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 7 55 dep microstructure 1091:1104 arg1 mobility 1116:1123 mobility 1116:1123 mobility 1116:1123 Below ≈ 250 μm, the particle size determined the hydration properties of pectin-containing CF, affecting the microstructure and water mobility in composites. 26572445 5 56 theme Antioxidant 719:729 arg1 activity 731:738 Antioxidant activity 719:738 Antioxidant activity associated to the loaded CF 719:766 Antioxidant activity associated to the loaded CF was found in composites. 26572445 2 57 from pectins 443:449 arg1 rich 435:438 rich 435:438 rich 435:438 It was determined that CF contained carotenoids and phenolics co-extracted with polysaccharides (80%), rich in pectins (15%). 26038982 0 0 theme tobacco 80:86 arg1 cultures 88:95 hydroponic tobacco cultures 69:95 hydroponic tobacco cultures 69:95 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 6 1 dep demonstration 1025:1037 arg1 necessary 1072:1080 necessary 1072:1080 necessary 1072:1080 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 1 2 theme plant 180:184 arg1 cultures 186:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 6 3 theme purification 999:1010 arg1 protocol 1012:1019 a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol 965:1019 protocol 1012:1019 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 0 4 theme hydroponic 69:78 arg1 cultures 88:95 hydroponic tobacco cultures 69:95 hydroponic tobacco cultures 69:95 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 0 5 from production 11:20 arg1 cultures 88:95 hydroponic tobacco cultures 69:95 hydroponic tobacco cultures 69:95 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 9 6 theme practical 1502:1510 arg1 cultivation 1433:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation 1413:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1413:1491 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 9 6 theme practical 1502:1510 arg1 platform 1533:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform 1500:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies 1500:1566 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 2 7 theme antivitronectin 361:375 arg1 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 7 theme antivitronectin 361:375 arg1 antibody 393:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody 353:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12 353:417 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 7 8 contain contained 1166:1174 arg1 glycoforms 1235:1244 three major glycoforms 1223:1244 three major glycoforms 1223:1244 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 7 8 contain contained 1166:1174 arg2 N-glycans 1209:1217 complex-type plant N-glycans 1190:1217 complex-type plant N-glycans 1190:1217 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 7 8 contain contained 1166:1174 arg1 mAb 1162:1164 purified mAb 1153:1164 purified mAb 1153:1164 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 7 8 contain contained 1166:1174 arg2 mAb 1162:1164 purified mAb 1153:1164 purified mAb 1153:1164 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 5 9 dep heavy 896:900 arg1 chains 912:917 chains 912:917 chains 912:917 The rhizosecretome was determined to contain 104 proteins, with the mAb heavy and light chains the most abundant. 26038982 5 9 dep heavy 896:900 arg1 the 888:890 the 888:890 the 888:890 The rhizosecretome was determined to contain 104 proteins, with the mAb heavy and light chains the most abundant. 26038982 7 10 theme MALDI-TOF 1126:1134 arg1 MS 1136:1137 MALDI-TOF MS 1126:1137 MALDI-TOF MS 1126:1137 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 1 11 from cultures 186:193 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 11 from cultures 186:193 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 8 12 theme -derived 1362:1369 arg1 counterpart 1371:1381 its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart 1331:1381 its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart 1331:1381 The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin was comparable to its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart. 26038982 3 13 theme content 579:585 arg1 profile 587:593 the total protein content profile 561:593 the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium 561:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 6 14 theme extraction 984:993 arg1 evaluation 951:960 evaluation 951:960 evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol 951:1019 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 6 14 theme extraction 984:993 arg1 demonstration 1025:1037 demonstration 1025:1037 demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography 1025:1123 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 3 15 theme profile 587:593 arg1 profiling 548:556 LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling 535:556 LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium 535:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 3 16 theme total 565:569 arg1 content 579:585 total protein content 565:585 the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium 561:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 2 17 theme IgG1 377:380 arg1 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 17 theme IgG1 377:380 arg1 antibody 393:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody 353:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12 353:417 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 18 theme platform 341:348 arg1 application 292:302 application 292:302 application 292:302 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 18 theme platform 341:348 arg1 adaptation 308:317 adaptation 308:317 adaptation 308:317 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 19 theme human 355:359 arg1 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 19 theme human 355:359 arg1 antibody 393:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody 353:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12 353:417 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 6 20 theme affinity 1101:1108 arg1 chromatography 1110:1123 protein A affinity chromatography 1091:1123 protein A affinity chromatography 1091:1123 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 4 21 theme optimization 646:657 arg1 approaches 659:668 optimization approaches 646:668 optimization approaches 646:668 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 4 22 theme plant 786:790 arg1 system 808:813 a plant secretion-based system 784:813 a plant secretion-based system 784:813 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 8 23 theme hydroponic 1280:1289 arg1 medium 1291:1296 hydroponic medium 1280:1296 hydroponic medium 1280:1296 The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin was comparable to its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart. 26038982 3 24 theme growth 447:452 arg1 additives 461:469 specific growth medium additives 438:469 specific growth medium additives 438:469 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 7 25 theme major 1229:1233 arg1 glycoforms 1235:1244 three major glycoforms 1223:1244 three major glycoforms 1223:1244 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 6 26 dep simple 967:972 arg1 scalable 975:982 scalable 975:982 scalable 975:982 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 6 27 theme A 1099:1099 arg1 chromatography 1110:1123 protein A affinity chromatography 1091:1123 protein A affinity chromatography 1091:1123 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 3 28 theme medium 454:459 arg1 additives 461:469 specific growth medium additives 438:469 specific growth medium additives 438:469 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 3 29 theme LC-ESI-MS/MS 535:546 arg1 profiling 548:556 LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling 535:556 LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium 535:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 6 30 theme protein 1091:1097 arg1 chromatography 1110:1123 protein A affinity chromatography 1091:1123 protein A affinity chromatography 1091:1123 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 5 31 contain contain 861:867 arg1 rhizosecretome 828:841 The rhizosecretome 824:841 The rhizosecretome 824:841 The rhizosecretome was determined to contain 104 proteins, with the mAb heavy and light chains the most abundant. 26038982 5 31 contain contain 861:867 arg2 proteins 873:880 104 proteins 869:880 104 proteins 869:880 The rhizosecretome was determined to contain 104 proteins, with the mAb heavy and light chains the most abundant. 26038982 2 32 theme manufacturing 327:339 arg1 platform 341:348 this manufacturing platform 322:348 this manufacturing platform 322:348 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 4 33 from yields 675:680 arg1 medium 696:701 hydroponic medium 685:701 hydroponic medium 685:701 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 1 34 theme simple 200:205 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 34 theme simple 200:205 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 0 35 theme High-yield 0:9 arg1 production 11:20 High-yield production 0:20 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures 0:95 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 4 36 theme highest 735:741 arg1 1 week 723:728 1 week 723:728 1 week 723:728 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 4 36 theme highest 735:741 arg1 figure 743:748 the highest figure 731:748 the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date 731:821 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 3 37 theme specific 438:445 arg1 additives 461:469 specific growth medium additives 438:469 specific growth medium additives 438:469 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 7 38 theme complex-type 1190:1201 arg1 N-glycans 1209:1217 complex-type plant N-glycans 1190:1217 complex-type plant N-glycans 1190:1217 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 2 39 theme monoclonal 382:391 arg1 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 mAb 403:405 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 2 39 theme monoclonal 382:391 arg1 antibody 393:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody 353:400 a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12 353:417 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 4 40 from mAb 777:779 arg1 system 808:813 a plant secretion-based system 784:813 a plant secretion-based system 784:813 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 3 41 theme protein 571:577 arg1 content 579:585 total protein content 565:585 the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium 561:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 4 42 theme approaches 659:668 arg1 combination 631:641 a combination 629:641 a combination of optimization approaches 629:668 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 7 43 theme plant 1203:1207 arg1 N-glycans 1209:1217 complex-type plant N-glycans 1190:1217 complex-type plant N-glycans 1190:1217 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 8 44 link -derived 1362:1369 arg1 counterpart 1371:1381 its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart 1331:1381 its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart 1331:1381 The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin was comparable to its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart. 26038982 2 45 dep application 292:302 arg1 the 288:290 the 288:290 the 288:290 Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. 26038982 1 46 theme cost 212:215 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 46 theme cost 212:215 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 0 47 theme monoclonal 33:42 arg1 IgG 44:46 a human monoclonal IgG 25:46 a human monoclonal IgG 25:46 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 3 48 theme root 513:516 arg1 structure 518:526 root structure 513:526 root structure 513:526 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 9 49 theme monoclonal 1546:1555 arg1 antibodies 1557:1566 monoclonal antibodies 1546:1566 monoclonal antibodies 1546:1566 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 6 50 theme minimal 1049:1055 arg1 processing 1057:1066 only minimal processing 1044:1066 only minimal processing 1044:1066 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 3 51 theme medium 613:618 arg1 profile 587:593 the total protein content profile 561:593 the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium 561:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 4 52 theme hydroponic 685:694 arg1 medium 696:701 hydroponic medium 685:701 hydroponic medium 685:701 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 4 53 theme mAb 671:673 arg1 yields 675:680 mAb yields 671:680 mAb yields in hydroponic medium 671:701 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 0 54 theme human 27:31 arg1 IgG 44:46 a human monoclonal IgG 25:46 a human monoclonal IgG 25:46 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 9 55 theme recombinant 1458:1468 arg1 rhizosecretion 1478:1491 recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1458:1491 recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1458:1491 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 9 56 dep practical 1502:1510 arg1 low-cost 1513:1520 low-cost 1513:1520 low-cost 1513:1520 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 1 57 theme reproducible 218:229 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 57 theme reproducible 218:229 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 7 58 theme purified 1153:1160 arg1 mAb 1162:1164 purified mAb 1153:1164 purified mAb 1153:1164 MALDI-TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex-type plant N-glycans, in three major glycoforms. 26038982 3 59 theme structure 518:526 arg1 analysis 501:508 phenotypic analysis 490:508 phenotypic analysis of root structure 490:526 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 6 60 theme simple 967:972 arg1 extraction 984:993 a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol 965:1019 extraction 984:993 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 9 61 theme production 1522:1531 arg1 cultivation 1433:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation 1413:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1413:1491 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 9 61 theme production 1522:1531 arg1 platform 1533:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform 1500:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies 1500:1566 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 1 62 theme recombinant 116:126 arg1 pharmaceuticals 128:142 recombinant pharmaceuticals 116:142 recombinant pharmaceuticals 116:142 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 0 63 theme IgG 44:46 arg1 production 11:20 High-yield production 0:20 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures 0:95 High-yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures. 26038982 9 64 theme hydroponic 1422:1431 arg1 cultivation 1433:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation 1413:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1413:1491 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 9 64 theme hydroponic 1422:1431 arg1 platform 1533:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform 1500:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies 1500:1566 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 3 65 theme hydroponic 602:611 arg1 medium 613:618 the hydroponic medium 598:618 the hydroponic medium 598:618 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 1 66 theme pharmaceuticals 128:142 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 66 theme pharmaceuticals 128:142 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 3 67 theme phenotypic 490:499 arg1 analysis 501:508 phenotypic analysis 490:508 phenotypic analysis of root structure 490:526 The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. 26038982 4 68 theme recombinant 765:775 arg1 mAb 777:779 a recombinant mAb 763:779 a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date 763:821 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 9 69 theme in vitro 1413:1420 arg1 cultivation 1433:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation 1413:1443 in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1413:1491 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 9 69 theme in vitro 1413:1420 arg1 platform 1533:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform 1500:1540 a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies 1500:1566 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 4 70 theme secretion-based 792:806 arg1 system 808:813 a plant secretion-based system 784:813 a plant secretion-based system 784:813 Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion-based system to date. 26038982 1 71 theme in vitro 149:156 arg1 cultures 186:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 72 theme controllable 235:246 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 72 theme controllable 235:246 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 5 73 theme 104 869:871 arg1 proteins 873:880 104 proteins 869:880 104 proteins 869:880 The rhizosecretome was determined to contain 104 proteins, with the mAb heavy and light chains the most abundant. 26038982 1 74 theme hydroponic 158:167 arg1 cultures 186:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 8 75 theme M12 1262:1264 arg1 comparable 1317:1326 comparable 1317:1326 comparable 1317:1326 The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin was comparable to its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart. 26038982 8 75 theme M12 1262:1264 arg1 binding 1251:1257 The binding 1247:1257 The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin 1247:1311 The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin was comparable to its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived counterpart. 26038982 1 76 theme production 248:257 arg1 method 259:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method 198:264 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 1 76 theme production 248:257 arg1 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion 98:111 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 98:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 9 77 theme protein 1470:1476 arg1 rhizosecretion 1478:1491 recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1458:1491 recombinant protein rhizosecretion 1458:1491 This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low-cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies. 26038982 1 78 theme transgenic 169:178 arg1 cultures 186:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures 149:193 Rhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. 26038982 6 79 theme protocol 1012:1019 arg1 evaluation 951:960 evaluation 951:960 evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol 951:1019 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 26038982 6 79 theme protocol 1012:1019 arg1 demonstration 1025:1037 demonstration 1025:1037 demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography 1025:1123 This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. 25832992 5 0 link N-linked 945:952 arg1 glycans 954:960 its N-linked glycans 941:960 its N-linked glycans 941:960 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 4 1 contain contains 711:718 arg1 F 702:702 PNGase F 695:702 PNGase F itself 695:709 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 4 1 contain contains 711:718 arg2 sites 753:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 1 2 theme amidase 156:162 arg1 F 174:174 PNGase F 167:174 PNGase F 167:174 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 2 theme amidase 156:162 arg1 F 164:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F 117:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) 117:175 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 3 theme innermost 241:249 arg1 GlcNAc 251:256 the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues 237:280 GlcNAc 251:256 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 2 4 theme glycoproteins 478:490 arg1 studies 463:469 the structural and functional studies 433:469 the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins 433:490 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 5 5 theme chain 1065:1069 arg1 analysis 1071:1078 carbohydrate chain analysis 1052:1078 carbohydrate chain analysis 1052:1078 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 5 6 theme lower 899:903 arg1 activity 915:922 the lower catalytic activity 895:922 the lower catalytic activity 895:922 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 4 7 theme PNGase 695:700 arg1 F 702:702 PNGase F 695:702 PNGase F itself 695:709 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 6 8 theme mg/20 1125:1129 arg1 larvae 1140:1145 2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae 1121:1145 2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae 1121:1145 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 7 9 theme several 1294:1300 arg1 residues 1313:1320 several amino acid residues 1294:1320 several amino acid residues 1294:1320 Besides, we confirmed by directed mutagenesis that several amino acid residues are crucial for the function of PNGase F. 25832992 4 10 gly glycosylation 739:751 arg2 sites 753:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 5 11 theme enzyme 1003:1008 arg1 form 990:993 this secreted form 976:993 this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS 976:1027 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 8 12 theme active 1433:1438 arg1 enzymes 1440:1446 active enzymes 1433:1446 active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins 1433:1485 Our results provide an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins. 25832992 3 13 theme active 528:533 arg1 forms 596:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms 559:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells 559:692 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 13 theme active 528:533 arg1 F 554:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 5 14 contain has 891:893 arg2 activity 915:922 the lower catalytic activity 895:922 the lower catalytic activity 895:922 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 5 14 contain has 891:893 arg1 F 889:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 6 15 theme recombinant 1168:1178 arg1 F 1187:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 6 15 theme recombinant 1168:1178 arg1 protein 1209:1215 an intracellular protein 1192:1215 an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations 1192:1240 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 3 16 theme recombinant 535:545 arg1 forms 596:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms 559:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells 559:692 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 16 theme recombinant 535:545 arg1 F 554:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 2 17 theme PNGase 359:364 arg1 F 366:366 The PNGase F 355:366 The PNGase F 355:366 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 1 18 theme asparagine 262:271 arg1 residues 273:280 the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues 237:280 residues 273:280 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 18 theme asparagine 262:271 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 8 19 theme mass 1414:1417 arg1 production 1419:1428 the mass production 1410:1428 the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins 1410:1485 Our results provide an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins. 25832992 5 20 theme PNGase 882:887 arg1 F 889:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 5 21 theme secreted 861:868 arg1 F 889:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 2 22 theme functional 452:461 arg1 studies 463:469 the structural and functional studies 433:469 the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins 433:490 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 1 23 from glycoproteins 340:352 arg1 GlcNAc 251:256 the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues 237:280 GlcNAc 251:256 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 23 from glycoproteins 340:352 arg1 residues 273:280 the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues 237:280 residues 273:280 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 23 from glycoproteins 340:352 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 2 24 theme structural 437:446 arg1 studies 463:469 the structural and functional studies 433:469 the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins 433:490 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 8 25 theme glycoproteins 1473:1485 arg1 study 1464:1468 the study 1460:1468 the study of glycoproteins 1460:1485 Our results provide an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins. 25832992 1 26 theme PNGase 167:172 arg1 F 174:174 PNGase F 167:174 PNGase F 167:174 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 26 theme PNGase 167:172 arg1 F 164:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F 117:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) 117:175 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 8 27 theme enzymes 1440:1446 arg1 production 1419:1428 the mass production 1410:1428 the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins 1410:1485 Our results provide an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins. 25832992 2 28 contain has 368:370 arg1 F 366:366 The PNGase F 355:366 The PNGase F 355:366 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 2 28 contain has 368:370 arg2 specificity 388:398 broad substrate specificity 372:398 broad substrate specificity 372:398 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 1 29 from residues 273:280 arg1 glycoproteins 340:352 glycoproteins 340:352 glycoproteins 340:352 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 5 30 theme N-linked 945:952 arg1 glycans 954:960 its N-linked glycans 941:960 its N-linked glycans 941:960 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 1 31 gly glycoproteins 340:352 arg1 glycoproteins 340:352 glycoproteins 340:352 glycoproteins 340:352 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 2 32 theme substrate 378:386 arg1 specificity 388:398 broad substrate specificity 372:398 broad substrate specificity 372:398 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 0 33 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 Production 5:14 Mass Production 0:14 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F 0:51 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 25832992 4 34 theme potential 720:728 arg1 sites 753:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 1 35 link N-linked 203:210 arg1 oligosaccharides 212:227 N-linked oligosaccharides 203:227 N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 203:352 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 3 36 theme secreted 559:566 arg1 forms 596:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms 559:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells 559:692 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 36 theme secreted 559:566 arg1 F 554:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 2 37 theme broad 372:376 arg1 specificity 388:398 broad substrate specificity 372:398 broad substrate specificity 372:398 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 4 38 theme glycosylation 739:751 arg1 sites 753:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 4 39 theme silkworm 827:834 arg1 cells 836:840 silkworm cells 827:840 silkworm cells 827:840 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 2 40 gly glycoproteins 478:490 arg1 glycoproteins 478:490 the glycoproteins 474:490 the glycoproteins 474:490 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 8 41 gly glycoproteins 1473:1485 arg1 glycoproteins 1473:1485 glycoproteins 1473:1485 glycoproteins 1473:1485 Our results provide an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins. 25832992 4 42 theme PNGase 804:809 arg1 F 811:811 PNGase F 804:811 PNGase F 804:811 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 1 43 theme high 285:288 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 5 44 theme catalytic 905:913 arg1 activity 915:922 the lower catalytic activity 895:922 the lower catalytic activity 895:922 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 6 45 theme active 1161:1166 arg1 F 1187:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 6 45 theme active 1161:1166 arg1 protein 1209:1215 an intracellular protein 1192:1215 an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations 1192:1240 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 0 46 theme Peptide-N-Glycosidase 29:49 arg1 F 51:51 an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F 19:51 an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F 19:51 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 25832992 1 47 theme mannose 290:296 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 6 48 dep mass-produced 1106:1118 arg1 larvae 1140:1145 2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae 1121:1145 2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae 1121:1145 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 6 49 theme intracellular 1195:1207 arg1 F 1187:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 6 49 theme intracellular 1195:1207 arg1 protein 1209:1215 an intracellular protein 1192:1215 an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations 1192:1240 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 0 50 theme Active 22:27 arg1 F 51:51 an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F 19:51 an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F 19:51 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 25832992 1 51 from GlcNAc 251:256 arg1 glycoproteins 340:352 glycoproteins 340:352 glycoproteins 340:352 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 52 theme hybrid 299:304 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 7 53 theme F 1361:1361 arg1 function 1342:1349 the function 1338:1349 the function of PNGase F 1338:1361 Besides, we confirmed by directed mutagenesis that several amino acid residues are crucial for the function of PNGase F. 25832992 5 54 theme carbohydrate 1052:1063 arg1 analysis 1071:1078 carbohydrate chain analysis 1052:1078 carbohydrate chain analysis 1052:1078 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 5 55 theme secreted 981:988 arg1 form 990:993 this secreted form 976:993 this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS 976:1027 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 6 56 theme silkworm 1131:1138 arg1 larvae 1140:1145 2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae 1121:1145 2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae 1121:1145 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 7 57 theme amino 1302:1306 arg1 residues 1313:1320 several amino acid residues 1294:1320 several amino acid residues 1294:1320 Besides, we confirmed by directed mutagenesis that several amino acid residues are crucial for the function of PNGase F. 25832992 0 58 theme F 51:51 arg1 Production 5:14 Mass Production 0:14 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F 0:51 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 25832992 3 59 theme intracellular-expressed 572:594 arg1 forms 596:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms 559:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells 559:692 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 59 theme intracellular-expressed 572:594 arg1 F 554:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 7 60 theme PNGase 1354:1359 arg1 F 1361:1361 PNGase F 1354:1361 PNGase F 1354:1361 Besides, we confirmed by directed mutagenesis that several amino acid residues are crucial for the function of PNGase F. 25832992 7 61 theme acid 1308:1311 arg1 residues 1313:1320 several amino acid residues 1294:1320 several amino acid residues 1294:1320 Besides, we confirmed by directed mutagenesis that several amino acid residues are crucial for the function of PNGase F. 25832992 1 62 theme complex 310:316 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 3 63 theme cultured 679:686 arg1 cells 688:692 cultured cells 679:692 cultured cells 679:692 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 64 theme vector 631:636 arg1 BEVS 646:649 BEVS 646:649 BEVS 646:649 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 64 theme vector 631:636 arg1 system 638:643 baculovirus expression vector system 608:643 baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 608:650 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 2 65 used used 424:427 arg2 F 366:366 The PNGase F 355:366 The PNGase F 355:366 The PNGase F has broad substrate specificity and thus is extensively used for the structural and functional studies of the glycoproteins. 25832992 4 66 theme N-linked 730:737 arg1 sites 753:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 3 67 theme PNGase 547:552 arg1 forms 596:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms 559:600 secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells 559:692 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 67 theme PNGase 547:552 arg1 F 554:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 active recombinant PNGase F 528:554 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 1 68 theme N-linked 203:210 arg1 oligosaccharides 212:227 N-linked oligosaccharides 203:227 N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 203:352 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 6 69 theme PNGase 1180:1185 arg1 F 1187:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 active recombinant PNGase F 1161:1187 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 6 69 theme PNGase 1180:1185 arg1 protein 1209:1215 an intracellular protein 1192:1215 an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations 1192:1240 Instead, we successfully mass-produced (2.1 mg/20 silkworm larvae) and purified active recombinant PNGase F as an intracellular protein without N-glycosylations. 25832992 3 70 theme silkworm 660:667 arg1 larvae 669:674 silkworm larvae 660:674 silkworm larvae 660:674 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 4 71 link N-linked 730:737 arg1 sites 753:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 potential N-linked glycosylation sites 720:757 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 1 72 theme N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl 118:142 arg1 F 174:174 PNGase F 167:174 PNGase F 167:174 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 72 theme N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl 118:142 arg1 F 164:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F 117:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) 117:175 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 73 theme oligosaccharides 212:227 arg1 cleavage 191:198 the cleavage 187:198 the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins 187:352 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 0 74 theme Expression 80:89 arg1 System 91:96 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 59:96 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 59:96 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 25832992 3 75 theme baculovirus 608:618 arg1 BEVS 646:649 BEVS 646:649 BEVS 646:649 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 75 theme baculovirus 608:618 arg1 system 638:643 baculovirus expression vector system 608:643 baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 608:650 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 8 76 theme alternative 1387:1397 arg1 method 1399:1404 an alternative method 1384:1404 an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins 1384:1485 Our results provide an alternative method for the mass production of active enzymes involved in the study of glycoproteins. 25832992 7 77 theme directed 1268:1275 arg1 mutagenesis 1277:1287 directed mutagenesis 1268:1287 directed mutagenesis 1268:1287 Besides, we confirmed by directed mutagenesis that several amino acid residues are crucial for the function of PNGase F. 25832992 5 78 theme recombinant 870:880 arg1 F 889:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 the secreted recombinant PNGase F 857:889 Intriguingly, the secreted recombinant PNGase F has the lower catalytic activity and self-digests its N-linked glycans and therefore this secreted form of this enzyme produced from BEVS is not appropriate for carbohydrate chain analysis. 25832992 4 79 gly N-glycosylated 784:797 arg1 it 777:778 it 777:778 it 777:778 PNGase F itself contains potential N-linked glycosylation sites and we found that it was N-glycosylated when PNGase F secreted from silkworm cells. 25832992 0 80 theme Silkworm-Baculovirus 59:78 arg1 System 91:96 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 59:96 Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System 59:96 Mass Production of an Active Peptide-N-Glycosidase F Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. 25832992 1 81 theme oligosaccharides 318:333 arg1 GlcNAc 251:256 the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues 237:280 GlcNAc 251:256 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 81 theme oligosaccharides 318:333 arg1 residues 273:280 the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues 237:280 residues 273:280 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 81 theme oligosaccharides 318:333 arg1 oligosaccharides 318:333 high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides 285:333 oligosaccharides 318:333 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 3 82 theme expression 620:629 arg1 BEVS 646:649 BEVS 646:649 BEVS 646:649 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 3 82 theme expression 620:629 arg1 system 638:643 baculovirus expression vector system 608:643 baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) 608:650 In this study, we tried to produce active recombinant PNGase F as secreted and intracellular-expressed forms using baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) through silkworm larvae or cultured cells. 25832992 1 83 theme asparagine 145:154 arg1 F 174:174 PNGase F 167:174 PNGase F 167:174 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 25832992 1 83 theme asparagine 145:154 arg1 F 164:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F 117:164 (N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) 117:175 The peptide-N (4)-(N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F (PNGase F) catalyzes the cleavage of N-linked oligosaccharides between the innermost GlcNAc and asparagine residues of high mannose, hybrid and complex oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. 26208370 12 0 theme intermediate 2076:2087 arg1 inactivation 2089:2100 intermediate inactivation 2076:2100 intermediate inactivation during the repolarization 2076:2126 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 4 1 theme complexity 841:850 arg1 levels 831:836 greater levels 823:836 greater levels of complexity 823:850 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 6 2 theme efficient 1104:1112 arg1 experiments 1123:1133 efficient computer experiments 1104:1133 efficient computer experiments 1104:1133 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 3 3 from details 653:659 arg1 AP 699:700 AP 699:700 AP 699:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 3 3 from details 653:659 arg1 INa 691:693 INa 691:693 INa 691:693 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 11 4 theme mechanistic 1915:1925 arg1 details 1927:1933 glyco-altered mechanistic details 1901:1933 glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions 1901:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 7 5 from set 1260:1262 arg1 variables 1235:1243 control variables 1227:1243 control variables from the large set of model parameters 1227:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 7 6 theme large 1254:1258 arg1 set 1260:1262 the large set 1250:1262 the large set of model parameters 1250:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 7 6 theme large 1254:1258 arg1 parameters 1273:1282 model parameters 1267:1282 model parameters 1267:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 13 7 theme experiments 2220:2230 arg1 design 2201:2206 The proposed statistical design 2176:2206 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments 2176:2230 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 13 7 theme experiments 2220:2230 arg1 extensible 2245:2254 extensible 2245:2254 extensible 2245:2254 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 12 8 theme higher 2040:2045 arg1 probabilities 2047:2059 higher probabilities 2040:2059 higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization 2040:2126 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 6 9 theme statistical 1066:1076 arg1 approach 1091:1098 a new statistical metamodeling approach 1060:1098 a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models 1060:1164 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 0 10 theme Statistical 0:10 arg1 Metamodeling 12:23 Statistical Metamodeling 0:23 Statistical Metamodeling 0:23 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 2 11 theme Nav 285:287 arg1 activity 289:296 Nav activity 285:296 Nav activity 285:296 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 4 12 theme nonlinear 893:901 arg1 equations 917:925 nonlinear and nonconvex equations 893:925 equations 917:925 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 0 13 theme Cardiac 123:129 arg1 Myocytes 131:138 Cardiac Myocytes 123:138 Cardiac Myocytes 123:138 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 1 14 theme mass 188:191 arg1 % 179:179 up to 35% 171:179 up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 171:226 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 1 14 theme mass 188:191 arg1 mass 188:191 the mass 184:191 the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 184:226 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 4 15 theme nonconvex 907:915 arg1 equations 917:925 nonlinear and nonconvex equations 893:925 equations 917:925 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 13 16 theme proposed 2180:2187 arg1 design 2201:2206 The proposed statistical design 2176:2206 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments 2176:2230 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 13 16 theme proposed 2180:2187 arg1 extensible 2245:2254 extensible 2245:2254 extensible 2245:2254 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 1 17 theme cardiac 196:202 arg1 channels 219:226 cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 196:226 cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 196:226 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 4 18 theme high-dimensional 859:874 arg1 space 886:890 high-dimensional parameter space 859:890 high-dimensional parameter space 859:890 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 13 19 theme large-scale 2295:2305 arg1 models 2337:2342 large-scale and computationally expensive models 2295:2342 large-scale and computationally expensive models 2295:2342 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 11 20 theme in 1850:1851 arg1 models 1860:1865 in silico models 1850:1865 in silico models 1850:1865 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 3 21 theme electrical 548:557 arg1 signaling 559:567 aberrant electrical signaling 539:567 aberrant electrical signaling 539:567 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 8 22 theme best 1479:1482 arg1 point 1491:1495 the next best design point 1470:1495 the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement 1470:1546 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 12 23 theme shorter 2140:2146 arg1 period 2159:2164 a shorter refractory period 2138:2164 a shorter refractory period than WTs 2138:2173 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 12 24 contain have 2035:2038 arg1 myocytes 2013:2020 ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes 2000:2020 ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes 2000:2020 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 12 24 contain have 2035:2038 arg2 probabilities 2047:2059 higher probabilities 2040:2059 higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization 2040:2126 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 1 25 theme Glycan 141:146 arg1 structures 148:157 Glycan structures 141:157 Glycan structures 141:157 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 11 26 theme channels 1981:1988 arg1 understanding 1884:1896 a better understanding 1875:1896 a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions 1875:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 26 theme channels 1981:1988 arg1 result 1842:1847 a result 1840:1847 a result 1840:1847 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 26 theme channels 1981:1988 arg1 distributions 1960:1972 distributions 1960:1972 distributions of Nav channels 1960:1988 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 27 from distributions 1960:1972 arg1 transitions 1944:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 0 28 theme Glyco-Altered 80:92 arg1 Gating 94:99 Model Glyco-Altered Gating 74:99 Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes 74:138 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 8 29 theme maximal 1513:1519 arg1 probability 1521:1531 the maximal probability 1509:1531 the maximal probability of improvement 1509:1546 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 11 30 dep in 1850:1851 arg1 silico 1853:1858 silico 1853:1858 silico 1853:1858 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 5 31 theme nonlinear 951:959 arg1 methods 974:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. 26208370 8 32 theme Gaussian 1366:1373 arg1 model 1383:1387 the Gaussian process model 1362:1387 the Gaussian process model 1362:1387 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 8 32 theme Gaussian 1366:1373 arg1 surrogate 1394:1402 a surrogate 1392:1402 a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models 1392:1450 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 0 33 theme Channels 111:118 arg1 Gating 94:99 Model Glyco-Altered Gating 74:99 Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes 74:138 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 6 34 theme metamodeling 1078:1089 arg1 approach 1091:1098 a new statistical metamodeling approach 1060:1098 a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models 1060:1164 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 2 35 theme different 417:425 arg1 glycosylation 505:517 full glycosylation 500:517 full glycosylation (control) 500:527 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 35 theme different 417:425 arg1 conditions 441:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 35 theme different 417:425 arg1 sialylation 469:479 reduced protein sialylation 453:479 reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) 453:494 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 0 36 theme Model 74:78 arg1 Gating 94:99 Model Glyco-Altered Gating 74:99 Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes 74:138 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 10 37 theme Experimental 1672:1683 arg1 results 1685:1691 Experimental results 1672:1691 Experimental results 1672:1691 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 7 38 theme fractional 1187:1196 arg1 design 1208:1213 a fractional factorial design 1185:1213 a fractional factorial design 1185:1213 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 6 39 theme new 1062:1064 arg1 approach 1091:1098 a new statistical metamodeling approach 1060:1098 a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models 1060:1164 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 2 40 theme apex 393:396 arg1 myocytes 398:405 ventricular apex myocytes 381:405 ventricular apex myocytes 381:405 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 11 41 from transitions 1944:1954 arg1 understanding 1884:1896 a better understanding 1875:1896 a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions 1875:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 41 from transitions 1944:1954 arg1 result 1842:1847 a result 1840:1847 a result 1840:1847 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 41 from transitions 1944:1954 arg1 distributions 1960:1972 distributions 1960:1972 distributions of Nav channels 1960:1988 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 5 42 theme linear 940:945 arg1 methods 974:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. 26208370 7 43 theme parametric 1324:1333 arg1 space 1335:1339 parametric space 1324:1339 parametric space 1324:1339 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 2 44 theme reduced 453:459 arg1 conditions 441:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 44 theme reduced 453:459 arg1 ST3Gal4 482:488 ST3Gal4 482:488 ST3Gal4(-/-) 482:493 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 44 theme reduced 453:459 arg1 sialylation 469:479 reduced protein sialylation 453:479 reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) 453:494 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 3 45 theme better 617:622 arg1 understanding 624:636 a better understanding 615:636 a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP 615:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 4 46 theme channels 784:791 arg1 model 771:775 computer model 762:775 computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes 762:812 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 10 47 theme proposed 1702:1709 arg1 algorithm 1711:1719 the proposed algorithm 1698:1719 the proposed algorithm 1698:1719 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 13 48 theme many 2259:2262 arg1 disciplines 2270:2280 many other disciplines 2259:2280 many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models 2259:2342 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 5 49 theme model 1021:1025 arg1 calibration 1027:1037 model calibration 1021:1037 model calibration 1021:1037 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. 26208370 4 50 theme cardiac 797:803 arg1 myocytes 805:812 cardiac myocytes 797:812 cardiac myocytes 797:812 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 0 51 theme Computer 50:57 arg1 Experiments 59:69 Computer Experiments 50:69 Computer Experiments 50:69 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 3 52 theme details 653:659 arg1 understanding 624:636 a better understanding 615:636 a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP 615:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 8 53 theme computer 1436:1443 arg1 models 1445:1450 expensive and time-consuming computer models 1407:1450 expensive and time-consuming computer models 1407:1450 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 2 54 theme cardiac 302:308 arg1 signaling 321:329 cardiac electrical signaling 302:329 cardiac electrical signaling 302:329 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 1 55 theme sodium 204:209 arg1 channels 219:226 cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 196:226 cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 196:226 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 10 56 theme channels 1783:1790 arg1 kinetics 1767:1774 the kinetics 1763:1774 the kinetics of Nav channels 1763:1790 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 9 57 theme real-world 1642:1651 arg1 data 1666:1669 real-world experimental data 1642:1669 real-world experimental data 1642:1669 This process iterates until convergence, and the performance is evaluated and validated with real-world experimental data. 26208370 11 58 theme Nav 1977:1979 arg1 channels 1981:1988 Nav channels 1977:1988 Nav channels 1977:1988 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 10 59 dep show 1693:1696 arg1 achieves 1721:1728 achieves 1721:1728 show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions 1693:1834 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 10 60 theme Nav 1779:1781 arg1 channels 1783:1790 Nav channels 1779:1790 Nav channels 1779:1790 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 3 61 located observed 572:579 arg2 signaling 559:567 aberrant electrical signaling 539:567 aberrant electrical signaling 539:567 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 3 61 located observed 572:579 arg1 sialylation 592:602 reduced sialylation 584:602 reduced sialylation 584:602 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 1 62 theme Nav 213:215 arg1 channels 219:226 cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 196:226 cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 196:226 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 6 63 theme computer 1114:1121 arg1 experiments 1123:1133 efficient computer experiments 1104:1133 efficient computer experiments 1104:1133 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 2 64 gly sialylation 265:275 arg1 Nav 285:287 Nav activity 285:296 Nav activity 285:296 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 11 65 theme glyco-altered 1901:1913 arg1 details 1927:1933 glyco-altered mechanistic details 1901:1933 glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions 1901:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 1 66 theme channels 219:226 arg1 mass 188:191 the mass 184:191 the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels 184:226 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 3 67 theme pathological 664:675 arg1 variations 677:686 pathological variations 664:686 pathological variations in INa and AP 664:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 2 68 theme reduced 257:263 arg1 sialylation 265:275 reduced sialylation 257:275 reduced sialylation 257:275 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 13 69 theme computer 2211:2218 arg1 experiments 2220:2230 computer experiments 2211:2230 computer experiments 2211:2230 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 11 70 theme better 1877:1882 arg1 understanding 1884:1896 a better understanding 1875:1896 a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions 1875:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 70 theme better 1877:1882 arg1 result 1842:1847 a result 1840:1847 a result 1840:1847 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 70 theme better 1877:1882 arg1 distributions 1960:1972 distributions 1960:1972 distributions of Nav channels 1960:1988 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 4 71 theme myocytes 805:812 arg1 model 771:775 computer model 762:775 computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes 762:812 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 3 72 from INa 691:693 arg1 details 653:659 mechanistic details 641:659 mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP 641:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 4 73 theme greater 823:829 arg1 levels 831:836 greater levels 823:836 greater levels of complexity 823:850 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 3 74 from AP 699:700 arg1 details 653:659 mechanistic details 641:659 mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP 641:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 3 75 theme in 734:735 arg1 studies 744:750 in silico studies 734:750 in silico studies 734:750 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 8 76 theme expensive 1407:1415 arg1 models 1445:1450 expensive and time-consuming computer models 1407:1450 expensive and time-consuming computer models 1407:1450 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 10 77 theme glycosylation 1811:1823 arg1 conditions 1825:1834 glycosylation conditions 1811:1834 glycosylation conditions 1811:1834 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 10 78 theme conditions 1825:1834 arg1 variety 1800:1806 a variety 1798:1806 a variety of glycosylation conditions 1798:1834 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 10 78 theme conditions 1825:1834 arg1 conditions 1825:1834 glycosylation conditions 1811:1834 glycosylation conditions 1811:1834 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 0 79 from Gating 94:99 arg1 Myocytes 131:138 Cardiac Myocytes 123:138 Cardiac Myocytes 123:138 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 6 80 theme models 1159:1164 arg1 optimization 1139:1150 optimization 1139:1150 optimization of Nav models 1139:1164 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 6 80 theme models 1159:1164 arg1 experiments 1123:1133 efficient computer experiments 1104:1133 efficient computer experiments 1104:1133 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 12 81 theme refractory 2148:2157 arg1 period 2159:2164 a shorter refractory period 2138:2164 a shorter refractory period than WTs 2138:2173 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 8 82 theme next 1474:1477 arg1 point 1491:1495 the next best design point 1470:1495 the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement 1470:1546 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 3 83 from variations 677:686 arg1 AP 699:700 AP 699:700 AP 699:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 3 83 from variations 677:686 arg1 INa 691:693 INa 691:693 INa 691:693 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 13 84 theme statistical 2189:2199 arg1 design 2201:2206 The proposed statistical design 2176:2206 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments 2176:2230 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 13 84 theme statistical 2189:2199 arg1 extensible 2245:2254 extensible 2245:2254 extensible 2245:2254 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 3 85 theme aberrant 539:546 arg1 signaling 559:567 aberrant electrical signaling 539:567 aberrant electrical signaling 539:567 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 12 86 theme ST3Gal4 2000:2006 arg1 myocytes 2013:2020 ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes 2000:2020 ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes 2000:2020 Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. 26208370 8 87 theme design 1484:1489 arg1 point 1491:1495 the next best design point 1470:1495 the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement 1470:1546 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 4 88 theme computer 762:769 arg1 model 771:775 computer model 762:775 computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes 762:812 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 3 89 theme reduced 584:590 arg1 sialylation 592:602 reduced sialylation 584:602 reduced sialylation 584:602 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 4 90 theme parameter 876:884 arg1 space 886:890 high-dimensional parameter space 859:890 high-dimensional parameter space 859:890 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 4 91 dep space 886:890 arg1 e.g. 853:856 e.g. 853:856 e.g. 853:856 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 13 92 theme expensive 2327:2335 arg1 models 2337:2342 large-scale and computationally expensive models 2295:2342 large-scale and computationally expensive models 2295:2342 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 2 93 dep whether 241:247 arg1 affects 277:283 affects 277:283 affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling 277:329 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 7 94 theme control 1227:1233 arg1 variables 1235:1243 control variables 1227:1243 control variables from the large set of model parameters 1227:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 2 95 theme protein 461:467 arg1 conditions 441:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 95 theme protein 461:467 arg1 ST3Gal4 482:488 ST3Gal4 482:488 ST3Gal4(-/-) 482:493 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 95 theme protein 461:467 arg1 sialylation 469:479 reduced protein sialylation 453:479 reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) 453:494 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 0 96 theme Sodium 104:109 arg1 Channels 111:118 Sodium Channels 104:118 Sodium Channels 104:118 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 3 97 dep in 734:735 arg1 silico 737:742 silico 737:742 silico 737:742 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 8 98 theme improvement 1536:1546 arg1 probability 1521:1531 the maximal probability 1509:1531 the maximal probability of improvement 1509:1546 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 11 99 from details 1927:1933 arg1 transitions 1944:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 10 100 theme superior 1730:1737 arg1 performance 1739:1749 superior performance 1730:1749 superior performance 1730:1749 Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. 26208370 7 101 theme factorial 1198:1206 arg1 design 1208:1213 a fractional factorial design 1185:1213 a fractional factorial design 1185:1213 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 5 102 theme optimization 961:972 arg1 methods 974:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. 26208370 2 103 theme in 357:358 arg1 experiments 366:376 in vitro experiments 357:376 in vitro experiments 357:376 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 11 104 theme state 1938:1942 arg1 transitions 1944:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 7 105 theme space 1335:1339 arg1 dimensionality 1306:1319 the dimensionality 1302:1319 the dimensionality of parametric space 1302:1339 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 2 106 theme full 500:503 arg1 glycosylation 505:517 full glycosylation 500:517 full glycosylation (control) 500:527 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 106 theme full 500:503 arg1 conditions 441:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 106 theme full 500:503 arg1 control 520:526 control 520:526 control 520:526 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 11 107 from understanding 1884:1896 arg1 transitions 1944:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 state transitions 1938:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 8 108 theme process 1375:1381 arg1 model 1383:1387 the Gaussian process model 1362:1387 the Gaussian process model 1362:1387 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 8 108 theme process 1375:1381 arg1 surrogate 1394:1402 a surrogate 1392:1402 a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models 1392:1450 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 0 109 theme Sequential 29:38 arg1 Design 40:45 Sequential Design 29:45 Sequential Design 29:45 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 9 110 theme experimental 1653:1664 arg1 data 1666:1669 real-world experimental data 1642:1669 real-world experimental data 1642:1669 This process iterates until convergence, and the performance is evaluated and validated with real-world experimental data. 26208370 5 111 theme Traditional 928:938 arg1 methods 974:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods 928:980 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. 26208370 2 112 theme ventricular 381:391 arg1 myocytes 398:405 ventricular apex myocytes 381:405 ventricular apex myocytes 381:405 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 11 113 theme details 1927:1933 arg1 understanding 1884:1896 a better understanding 1875:1896 a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions 1875:1954 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 113 theme details 1927:1933 arg1 result 1842:1847 a result 1840:1847 a result 1840:1847 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 11 113 theme details 1927:1933 arg1 distributions 1960:1972 distributions 1960:1972 distributions of Nav channels 1960:1988 As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. 26208370 4 114 theme Nav 780:782 arg1 channels 784:791 Nav channels 780:791 Nav channels 780:791 However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. 26208370 2 115 theme experiments 366:376 arg1 series 347:352 a series 345:352 a series of in vitro experiments 345:376 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 0 116 theme Experiments 59:69 arg1 Metamodeling 12:23 Statistical Metamodeling 0:23 Statistical Metamodeling 0:23 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 0 116 theme Experiments 59:69 arg1 Design 40:45 Sequential Design 29:45 Sequential Design 29:45 Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. 26208370 13 117 theme other 2264:2268 arg1 disciplines 2270:2280 many other disciplines 2259:2280 many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models 2259:2342 The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models. 26208370 6 118 theme Nav 1155:1157 arg1 models 1159:1164 Nav models 1155:1164 Nav models 1155:1164 This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. 26208370 2 119 theme glycosylation 427:439 arg1 glycosylation 505:517 full glycosylation 500:517 full glycosylation (control) 500:527 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 119 theme glycosylation 427:439 arg1 conditions 441:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 two different glycosylation conditions 413:450 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 2 119 theme glycosylation 427:439 arg1 sialylation 469:479 reduced protein sialylation 453:479 reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) 453:494 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 3 120 theme mechanistic 641:651 arg1 details 653:659 mechanistic details 641:659 mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP 641:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 1 121 dep 35 177:178 arg1 to 174:175 to 174:175 to 174:175 Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. 26208370 2 122 theme electrical 310:319 arg1 signaling 321:329 cardiac electrical signaling 302:329 cardiac electrical signaling 302:329 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 26208370 8 123 theme models 1445:1450 arg1 model 1383:1387 the Gaussian process model 1362:1387 the Gaussian process model 1362:1387 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 8 123 theme models 1445:1450 arg1 surrogate 1394:1402 a surrogate 1392:1402 a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models 1392:1450 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 7 124 theme parameters 1273:1282 arg1 set 1260:1262 the large set 1250:1262 the large set of model parameters 1250:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 7 124 theme parameters 1273:1282 arg1 parameters 1273:1282 model parameters 1267:1282 model parameters 1267:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 8 125 theme time-consuming 1421:1434 arg1 models 1445:1450 expensive and time-consuming computer models 1407:1450 expensive and time-consuming computer models 1407:1450 Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. 26208370 7 126 theme model 1267:1271 arg1 parameters 1273:1282 model parameters 1267:1282 model parameters 1267:1282 First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. 26208370 5 127 theme many 999:1002 arg1 difficulties 1004:1015 many difficulties 999:1015 many difficulties for model calibration 999:1037 Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. 26208370 3 128 theme variations 677:686 arg1 details 653:659 mechanistic details 641:659 mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP 641:700 Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. 26208370 2 129 dep in 357:358 arg1 vitro 360:364 vitro 360:364 vitro 360:364 To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). 27367933 6 0 theme substantive 1552:1562 arg1 differences 1578:1588 The substantive glycosylation differences 1548:1588 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, 1548:1722 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 1 1 theme binding 345:351 arg1 affinity 353:360 CD25 binding affinity 340:360 CD25 binding affinity 340:360 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 2 2 theme properties 633:642 arg1 Comparison 599:608 Comparison 599:608 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms 599:668 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 1 3 theme immunosuppressive 525:541 arg1 regimen 543:549 an immunosuppressive regimen 522:549 an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 522:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 4 theme CD25-binding 182:193 arg1 daclizumab 204:213 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab 178:213 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) 178:242 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 4 theme CD25-binding 182:193 arg1 signal 269:274 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal 247:274 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 247:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 5 5 theme CD16 1459:1462 arg1 down-modulation 1464:1478 the CD16 down-modulation 1455:1478 the CD16 down-modulation 1455:1478 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 5 5 theme CD16 1459:1462 arg1 greater 1484:1490 greater 1484:1490 greater 1484:1490 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 2 6 theme physicochemical 617:631 arg1 properties 633:642 the physicochemical properties 613:642 the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms 613:668 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 0 7 contain has 56:58 arg1 Process 48:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 0 7 contain has 56:58 arg2 pattern 85:91 a distinct glycosylation pattern 60:91 a distinct glycosylation pattern 60:91 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 1 8 theme antibody 195:202 arg1 daclizumab 204:213 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab 178:213 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) 178:242 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 8 theme antibody 195:202 arg1 signal 269:274 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal 247:274 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 247:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 2 9 theme α-Gal 873:877 arg1 oligosaccharides 782:797 oligosaccharides 782:797 oligosaccharides 782:797 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 9 theme α-Gal 873:877 arg1 oligosaccharides 880:895 galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides 827:895 oligosaccharides 880:895 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 10 gly glycosylation 683:695 arg1 DAC 708:710 DAC HYP 708:714 DAC HYP 708:714 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 0 11 theme antibody-dependent 105:122 arg1 cytotoxicity 138:149 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 105:149 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 105:149 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 2 12 theme DAC 708:710 arg1 profile 697:703 the glycosylation profile 679:703 the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP 679:714 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 3 13 theme antibody-dependent 1115:1132 arg1 cytotoxicity 1148:1159 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 1115:1159 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 1115:1166 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 3 13 theme antibody-dependent 1115:1132 arg1 ADCC 1162:1165 ADCC 1162:1165 ADCC 1162:1165 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 5 14 theme expression 1428:1437 arg1 down-modulation 1404:1418 the down-modulation 1400:1418 the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells 1400:1449 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 2 15 theme HYP 917:919 arg1 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 15 theme HYP 917:919 arg1 material 930:937 a DAC HYP antibody material 911:937 a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax 911:980 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 3 16 theme cell-mediated 1134:1146 arg1 cytotoxicity 1148:1159 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 1115:1159 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 1115:1166 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 3 16 theme cell-mediated 1134:1146 arg1 ADCC 1162:1165 ADCC 1162:1165 ADCC 1162:1165 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 3 17 theme DAC 1062:1064 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 DAC HYP antibody 1062:1077 DAC HYP antibody 1062:1077 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 5 18 theme blood 1364:1368 arg1 cells 1382:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 1 19 theme regimen 543:549 arg1 part 514:517 part 514:517 part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 514:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 2 20 theme DAC 913:915 arg1 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 20 theme DAC 913:915 arg1 material 930:937 a DAC HYP antibody material 911:937 a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax 911:980 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 6 21 theme cell 1701:1704 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 2 22 theme oligosaccharides 782:797 arg1 distribution 752:763 glycan distribution 745:763 glycan distribution 745:763 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 22 theme oligosaccharides 782:797 arg1 types 773:777 the types 769:777 the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides 769:895 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 23 theme antibody 655:662 arg1 forms 664:668 the two antibody forms 647:668 the two antibody forms 647:668 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 1 24 theme acute 449:453 arg1 rejection 461:469 acute organ rejection 449:469 acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 449:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 4 25 theme killer 1204:1209 arg1 cells 1216:1220 natural killer (NK) cells 1196:1220 natural killer (NK) cells 1196:1220 The ADCC activity required natural killer (NK) cells, but not monocytes, suggesting the effects were mediated through binding to Fc-gamma RIII (CD16). 27367933 3 26 theme complement-dependent 1018:1037 arg1 cytotoxicity 1039:1050 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 1018:1050 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 1018:1050 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 0 27 theme cell-mediated 124:136 arg1 cytotoxicity 138:149 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 105:149 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 105:149 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 5 28 with Incubation 1320:1329 arg1 cells 1382:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 1 29 theme organ 455:459 arg1 rejection 461:469 acute organ rejection 449:469 acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 449:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 3 30 theme HYP 1066:1068 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 DAC HYP antibody 1062:1077 DAC HYP antibody 1062:1077 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 1 31 theme high-yield 215:224 arg1 process 226:232 high-yield process 215:232 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) 178:242 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 31 theme high-yield 215:224 arg1 HYP 239:241 DAC HYP 235:241 DAC HYP 235:241 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 0 32 theme CD25-binding 4:15 arg1 Daclizumab 26:35 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab 0:35 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 1 33 theme distinct 379:386 arg1 form 388:391 a distinct form 377:391 a distinct form of daclizumab 377:405 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 33 theme distinct 379:386 arg1 Zenapax® 367:374 Zenapax® 367:374 Zenapax® 367:374 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 4 34 theme Fc-gamma 1298:1305 arg1 CD16 1313:1316 CD16 1313:1316 CD16 1313:1316 The ADCC activity required natural killer (NK) cells, but not monocytes, suggesting the effects were mediated through binding to Fc-gamma RIII (CD16). 27367933 4 34 theme Fc-gamma 1298:1305 arg1 RIII 1307:1310 Fc-gamma RIII 1298:1310 Fc-gamma RIII (CD16) 1298:1317 The ADCC activity required natural killer (NK) cells, but not monocytes, suggesting the effects were mediated through binding to Fc-gamma RIII (CD16). 27367933 1 35 theme rejection 461:469 arg1 prevention 435:444 the prevention 431:444 the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 431:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 5 36 from down-modulation 1404:1418 arg1 cells 1445:1449 NK cells 1442:1449 NK cells 1442:1449 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 2 37 from Zenapax 974:980 arg1 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 37 from Zenapax 974:980 arg1 material 930:937 a DAC HYP antibody material 911:937 a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax 911:980 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 6 38 theme corresponding 1625:1637 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 38 theme corresponding 1625:1637 arg1 activities 1668:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 0 39 theme Daclizumab 26:35 arg1 Process 48:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 3 40 theme cytotoxicity 1148:1159 arg1 levels 1105:1110 significantly reduced levels 1083:1110 significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 1083:1166 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 2 41 theme forms 664:668 arg1 properties 633:642 the physicochemical properties 613:642 the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms 613:668 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 42 theme glycosylation 683:695 arg1 profile 697:703 the glycosylation profile 679:703 the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP 679:714 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 1 43 theme DAC 235:237 arg1 process 226:232 high-yield process 215:232 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) 178:242 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 43 theme DAC 235:237 arg1 HYP 239:241 DAC HYP 235:241 DAC HYP 235:241 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 0 44 theme antibody 17:24 arg1 Daclizumab 26:35 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab 0:35 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 1 45 from prevention 435:444 arg1 patients 474:481 patients 474:481 patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 474:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 4 46 theme natural 1196:1202 arg1 NK 1212:1213 NK 1212:1213 NK 1212:1213 The ADCC activity required natural killer (NK) cells, but not monocytes, suggesting the effects were mediated through binding to Fc-gamma RIII (CD16). 27367933 4 46 theme natural 1196:1202 arg1 killer 1204:1209 natural killer 1196:1209 natural killer (NK) cells 1196:1220 The ADCC activity required natural killer (NK) cells, but not monocytes, suggesting the effects were mediated through binding to Fc-gamma RIII (CD16). 27367933 1 47 theme primary 308:314 arg1 sequence 327:334 primary amino acid sequence 308:334 primary amino acid sequence 308:334 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 4 48 theme ADCC 1173:1176 arg1 activity 1178:1185 The ADCC activity 1169:1185 The ADCC activity 1169:1185 The ADCC activity required natural killer (NK) cells, but not monocytes, suggesting the effects were mediated through binding to Fc-gamma RIII (CD16). 27367933 5 49 theme NK 1442:1443 arg1 cells 1445:1449 NK cells 1442:1449 NK cells 1442:1449 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 5 50 theme mononuclear 1370:1380 arg1 cells 1382:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 0 51 theme High-Yield 37:46 arg1 Process 48:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process 0:54 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 1 52 theme amino 316:320 arg1 sequence 327:334 primary amino acid sequence 308:334 primary amino acid sequence 308:334 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 2 53 theme antibody 921:928 arg1 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 distinct 960:967 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 53 theme antibody 921:928 arg1 material 930:937 a DAC HYP antibody material 911:937 a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax 911:980 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 1 54 theme daclizumab 396:405 arg1 form 388:391 a distinct form 377:391 a distinct form of daclizumab 377:405 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 54 theme daclizumab 396:405 arg1 Zenapax® 367:374 Zenapax® 367:374 Zenapax® 367:374 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 3 55 contain had 1079:1081 arg1 antibody 1070:1077 DAC HYP antibody 1062:1077 DAC HYP antibody 1062:1077 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 3 55 contain had 1079:1081 arg2 levels 1105:1110 significantly reduced levels 1083:1110 significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 1083:1166 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 1 56 theme acid 322:325 arg1 sequence 327:334 primary amino acid sequence 308:334 primary amino acid sequence 308:334 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 6 57 theme killing 1706:1712 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 1 58 dep daclizumab 204:213 arg1 process 226:232 high-yield process 215:232 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) 178:242 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 58 dep daclizumab 204:213 arg1 HYP 239:241 DAC HYP 235:241 DAC HYP 235:241 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 59 theme renal 493:497 arg1 transplants 499:509 renal transplants 493:509 renal transplants 493:509 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 6 60 from difference 1738:1747 arg1 pharmacology 1780:1791 pharmacology 1780:1791 pharmacology 1780:1791 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 60 from difference 1738:1747 arg1 function 1767:1774 the biological function 1752:1774 the biological function 1752:1774 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 61 theme antibody 1606:1613 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 61 theme antibody 1606:1613 arg1 forms 1615:1619 the two antibody forms 1598:1619 the two antibody forms 1598:1619 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 62 theme effector 1659:1666 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 62 theme effector 1659:1666 arg1 activities 1668:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 1 63 from patients 474:481 arg1 prevention 435:444 the prevention 431:444 the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 431:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 2 64 theme galactose-α-1,3-galactose 846:870 arg1 oligosaccharides 782:797 oligosaccharides 782:797 oligosaccharides 782:797 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 64 theme galactose-α-1,3-galactose 846:870 arg1 oligosaccharides 880:895 galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides 827:895 oligosaccharides 880:895 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 3 65 theme reduced 1097:1103 arg1 levels 1105:1110 significantly reduced levels 1083:1110 significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 1083:1166 Although neither antibody elicited complement-dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, DAC HYP antibody had significantly reduced levels of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 27367933 6 66 theme glycosylation 1564:1576 arg1 differences 1578:1588 The substantive glycosylation differences 1548:1588 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, 1548:1722 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 67 theme Fc-mediated 1647:1657 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 67 theme Fc-mediated 1647:1657 arg1 activities 1668:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 5 68 theme CD16 1423:1426 arg1 expression 1428:1437 CD16 expression 1423:1437 CD16 expression 1423:1437 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 6 69 theme greater 1639:1645 arg1 activity 1714:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 cell killing activity 1701:1721 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 6 69 theme greater 1639:1645 arg1 activities 1668:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities 1625:1677 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 1 70 from rejection 461:469 arg1 patients 474:481 patients 474:481 patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 474:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 2 71 theme galactosylated 827:840 arg1 oligosaccharides 782:797 oligosaccharides 782:797 oligosaccharides 782:797 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 2 71 theme galactosylated 827:840 arg1 oligosaccharides 880:895 galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides 827:895 oligosaccharides 880:895 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 1 72 theme interleukin 250:260 arg1 IL 263:264 an interleukin (IL)-2 247:267 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 247:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 0 73 theme glycosylation 71:83 arg1 pattern 85:91 a distinct glycosylation pattern 60:91 a distinct glycosylation pattern 60:91 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 6 74 theme biological 1756:1765 arg1 function 1767:1774 the biological function 1752:1774 the biological function 1752:1774 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 5 75 theme peripheral 1353:1362 arg1 cells 1382:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1353:1386 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 5 76 theme antibody 1339:1346 arg1 Incubation 1320:1329 Incubation 1320:1329 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells 1320:1386 Incubation of each antibody with peripheral blood mononuclear cells also caused the down-modulation of CD16 expression on NK cells and the CD16 down-modulation was greater for Zenapax in comparison to that observed for DAC HYP. 27367933 0 77 theme distinct 62:69 arg1 pattern 85:91 a distinct glycosylation pattern 60:91 a distinct glycosylation pattern 60:91 The CD25-binding antibody Daclizumab High-Yield Process has a distinct glycosylation pattern and reduced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in comparison to Zenapax®. 27367933 1 78 theme CD25 340:343 arg1 affinity 353:360 CD25 binding affinity 340:360 CD25 binding affinity 340:360 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 6 79 dep DAC 1801:1803 arg1 HYP 1805:1807 HYP 1805:1807 HYP 1805:1807 The substantive glycosylation differences between the two antibody forms and corresponding greater Fc-mediated effector activities by Zenapax, including cell killing activity, manifest as a difference in the biological function and pharmacology between DAC HYP and Zenapax. 27367933 2 80 theme glycan 745:750 arg1 distribution 752:763 glycan distribution 745:763 glycan distribution 745:763 Comparison of the physicochemical properties of the two antibody forms revealed the glycosylation profile of DAC HYP differs from Zenapax in both glycan distribution and the types of oligosaccharides, most notably high-mannose, galactosylated and galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) oligosaccharides, resulting in a DAC HYP antibody material that is structurally distinct from Zenapax. 27367933 1 81 theme IL 263:264 arg1 daclizumab 204:213 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab 178:213 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) 178:242 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 27367933 1 81 theme IL 263:264 arg1 signal 269:274 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal 247:274 an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids 247:596 The CD25-binding antibody daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) is an interleukin (IL)-2 signal modulating antibody that shares primary amino acid sequence and CD25 binding affinity with Zenapax®, a distinct form of daclizumab, which was approved for the prevention of acute organ rejection in patients receiving renal transplants as part of an immunosuppressive regimen that includes cyclosporine and corticosteroids. 28873985 0 0 theme cellulose 78:86 arg1 affinity 88:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 2 1 contain has 334:336 arg1 linker 280:285 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated 276:318 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated 276:318 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated and typically has a length of 20-50 amino acid residues. 28873985 2 1 contain has 334:336 arg2 length 340:345 a length 338:345 a length of 20-50 amino acid residues 338:374 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated and typically has a length of 20-50 amino acid residues. 28873985 11 2 theme exact 1587:1591 arg1 location 1593:1600 their exact location 1581:1600 their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide 1581:1689 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 5 3 theme linker 720:725 arg1 region 727:732 the linker region 716:732 the linker region 716:732 Here, we designed variants of Cel7A with mutations in the linker region to elucidate the role of the linker. 28873985 9 4 gly glycosylation 1108:1120 arg2 sites 1122:1126 four glycosylation sites 1103:1126 four glycosylation sites 1103:1126 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 9 4 gly glycosylation 1108:1120 arg2 four 1103:1106 four 1103:1106 four 1103:1106 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 6 5 theme catalytic 883:891 arg1 efficacy 893:900 catalytic efficacy 883:900 catalytic efficacy 883:900 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 0 6 from influence 4:12 arg1 activity 65:72 catalytic activity 55:72 catalytic activity 55:72 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 0 6 from influence 4:12 arg1 affinity 88:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 8 7 theme residues 991:998 arg1 deletion 975:982 deletion 975:982 deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain 975:1024 Thus, deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain had essentially no effects on enzyme function. 28873985 1 8 theme flexible 251:258 arg1 peptide 267:273 a flexible linker peptide 249:273 a flexible linker peptide 249:273 Various cellulases consist of a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide. 28873985 6 9 from changes 849:855 arg1 affinity 870:877 substrate affinity 860:877 substrate affinity 860:877 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 6 9 from changes 849:855 arg1 efficacy 893:900 catalytic efficacy 883:900 catalytic efficacy 883:900 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 8 10 theme catalytic 1009:1017 arg1 domain 1019:1024 the catalytic domain 1005:1024 the catalytic domain 1005:1024 Thus, deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain had essentially no effects on enzyme function. 28873985 7 11 theme different 942:950 arg1 variants 959:966 different linker variants 942:966 different linker variants 942:966 These changes were quite different for different linker variants. 28873985 3 12 theme experimental 504:515 arg1 evidence 517:524 experimental evidence 504:524 experimental evidence 504:524 Functional roles, other than connecting the two folded domains, of the linker and its glycans, have been widely discussed, but experimental evidence remains sparse. 28873985 4 13 theme Hypocrea 643:650 arg1 jecorina 652:659 Hypocrea jecorina 643:659 Hypocrea jecorina 643:659 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 1 14 theme linker 260:265 arg1 peptide 267:273 a flexible linker peptide 249:273 a flexible linker peptide 249:273 Various cellulases consist of a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide. 28873985 11 15 theme inserted 1399:1406 arg1 sites 1422:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites 1391:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM 1391:1439 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 6 16 theme substrate 860:868 arg1 affinity 870:877 substrate affinity 860:877 substrate affinity 860:877 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 9 17 theme linker 1151:1156 arg1 middle 1137:1142 the middle 1133:1142 the middle of the linker 1133:1156 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 8 18 from effects 1045:1051 arg1 function 1063:1070 enzyme function 1056:1070 enzyme function 1056:1070 Thus, deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain had essentially no effects on enzyme function. 28873985 0 19 theme Cel7A 118:122 arg1 activity 65:72 catalytic activity 55:72 catalytic activity 55:72 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 0 19 theme Cel7A 118:122 arg1 affinity 88:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 10 20 theme weaker 1236:1241 arg1 binding 1243:1249 weaker binding 1236:1249 weaker binding 1236:1249 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 4 21 from jecorina 652:659 arg1 Cel7A 632:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 597:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina 597:659 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 21 from jecorina 652:659 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 21 from jecorina 652:659 arg1 One 542:544 One 542:544 One 542:544 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 3 22 theme folded 425:430 arg1 domains 432:438 the two folded domains 417:438 the two folded domains 417:438 Functional roles, other than connecting the two folded domains, of the linker and its glycans, have been widely discussed, but experimental evidence remains sparse. 28873985 0 23 theme cellobiohydrolase 100:116 arg1 Cel7A 118:122 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 100:122 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina 100:145 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 3 24 dep other 395:399 arg1 than 401:404 than 401:404 than 401:404 Functional roles, other than connecting the two folded domains, of the linker and its glycans, have been widely discussed, but experimental evidence remains sparse. 28873985 9 25 theme substrate 1166:1174 arg1 affinity 1176:1183 substrate affinity 1166:1183 substrate affinity 1166:1183 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 4 26 theme cellulose 566:574 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 5 27 from mutations 703:711 arg1 region 727:732 the linker region 716:732 the linker region 716:732 Here, we designed variants of Cel7A with mutations in the linker region to elucidate the role of the linker. 28873985 1 28 theme catalytic 180:188 arg1 domain 190:195 a catalytic domain 178:195 a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide 178:273 Various cellulases consist of a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide. 28873985 3 29 theme Functional 377:386 arg1 roles 388:392 Functional roles 377:392 Functional roles 377:392 Functional roles, other than connecting the two folded domains, of the linker and its glycans, have been widely discussed, but experimental evidence remains sparse. 28873985 6 30 theme significant 837:847 arg1 changes 849:855 significant changes 837:855 significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy 837:900 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 6 31 theme moderate 785:792 arg1 modification 794:805 moderate modification 785:805 moderate modification of the linker 785:819 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 11 32 theme peptide 1683:1689 arg1 dynamics 1660:1667 dynamics 1660:1667 dynamics 1660:1667 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 11 32 theme peptide 1683:1689 arg1 structure 1646:1654 structure 1646:1654 structure 1646:1654 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 10 33 theme linker 1300:1305 arg1 glycans 1307:1313 linker glycans 1300:1313 linker glycans 1300:1313 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 2 34 theme residues 367:374 arg1 length 340:345 a length 338:345 a length of 20-50 amino acid residues 338:374 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated and typically has a length of 20-50 amino acid residues. 28873985 0 35 theme different 17:25 arg1 modifications 34:46 different linker modifications 17:46 different linker modifications 17:46 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 0 36 theme Hypocrea 129:136 arg1 jecorina 138:145 Hypocrea jecorina 129:145 Hypocrea jecorina 129:145 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 37 theme substrate 1533:1541 arg1 interactions 1543:1554 substrate interactions 1533:1554 substrate interactions of the glycans 1533:1569 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 0 38 dep activity 65:72 arg1 the 51:53 the 51:53 the 51:53 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 39 theme lower 1453:1457 arg1 affinity 1459:1466 lower affinity 1453:1466 lower affinity for the substrate 1453:1484 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 4 40 theme multi-domain 601:612 arg1 Cel7A 632:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 597:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina 597:659 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 40 theme multi-domain 601:612 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 40 theme multi-domain 601:612 arg1 One 542:544 One 542:544 One 542:544 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 41 gly glycosylation 1408:1420 arg2 sites 1422:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites 1391:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM 1391:1439 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 9 42 theme maximal 1199:1205 arg1 turnover 1207:1214 maximal turnover 1199:1214 maximal turnover 1199:1214 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 10 43 theme recent 1276:1281 arg1 suggestions 1283:1293 recent suggestions 1276:1293 recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions 1276:1364 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 10 44 theme suggestions 1283:1293 arg1 support 1265:1271 some support 1260:1271 some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions 1260:1364 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 1 45 theme Various 148:154 arg1 cellulases 156:165 Various cellulases 148:165 Various cellulases 148:165 Various cellulases consist of a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide. 28873985 0 46 theme modifications 34:46 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 0:146 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 5 47 theme Cel7A 692:696 arg1 variants 680:687 variants 680:687 variants of Cel7A with mutations in the linker region 680:732 Here, we designed variants of Cel7A with mutations in the linker region to elucidate the role of the linker. 28873985 5 48 with variants 680:687 arg1 mutations 703:711 mutations 703:711 mutations in the linker region 703:732 Here, we designed variants of Cel7A with mutations in the linker region to elucidate the role of the linker. 28873985 11 49 with variant 1378:1384 arg1 sites 1422:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites 1391:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM 1391:1439 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 8 50 contain had 1026:1028 arg1 deletion 975:982 deletion 975:982 deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain 975:1024 Thus, deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain had essentially no effects on enzyme function. 28873985 8 50 contain had 1026:1028 arg2 effects 1045:1051 no effects 1042:1051 no effects on enzyme function 1042:1070 Thus, deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain had essentially no effects on enzyme function. 28873985 1 51 theme carbohydrate-binding 212:231 arg1 CBM 241:243 CBM 241:243 CBM 241:243 Various cellulases consist of a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide. 28873985 1 51 theme carbohydrate-binding 212:231 arg1 module 233:238 a carbohydrate-binding module 210:238 a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 210:244 Various cellulases consist of a catalytic domain connected to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) by a flexible linker peptide. 28873985 0 52 theme linker 27:32 arg1 modifications 34:46 different linker modifications 17:46 different linker modifications 17:46 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 53 theme linker 1676:1681 arg1 peptide 1683:1689 the linker peptide 1672:1689 the linker peptide 1672:1689 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 8 54 theme enzyme 1056:1061 arg1 function 1063:1070 enzyme function 1056:1070 enzyme function 1056:1070 Thus, deletion of six residues near the catalytic domain had essentially no effects on enzyme function. 28873985 0 55 from activity 65:72 arg1 jecorina 138:145 Hypocrea jecorina 129:145 Hypocrea jecorina 129:145 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 56 from changes 1635:1641 arg1 dynamics 1660:1667 dynamics 1660:1667 dynamics 1660:1667 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 11 56 from changes 1635:1641 arg1 structure 1646:1654 structure 1646:1654 structure 1646:1654 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 10 57 dep suggestions 1283:1293 arg1 involved 1331:1338 involved 1331:1338 may be directly involved in substrate interactions 1315:1364 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 4 58 theme cellobiohydrolase 614:630 arg1 Cel7A 632:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 597:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina 597:659 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 58 theme cellobiohydrolase 614:630 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 58 theme cellobiohydrolase 614:630 arg1 One 542:544 One 542:544 One 542:544 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 59 theme several 1391:1397 arg1 sites 1422:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites 1391:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM 1391:1439 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 6 60 theme linker 814:819 arg1 modification 794:805 moderate modification 785:805 moderate modification of the linker 785:819 We found that moderate modification of the linker could result in significant changes in substrate affinity and catalytic efficacy. 28873985 5 61 theme linker 763:768 arg1 role 751:754 the role 747:754 the role of the linker 747:768 Here, we designed variants of Cel7A with mutations in the linker region to elucidate the role of the linker. 28873985 11 62 theme glycosylation 1408:1420 arg1 sites 1422:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites 1391:1426 several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM 1391:1439 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 4 63 theme studied 558:564 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 2 64 dep often 290:294 arg1 O-glycosylated 305:318 O-glycosylated 305:318 O-glycosylated 305:318 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated and typically has a length of 20-50 amino acid residues. 28873985 9 65 theme glycosylation 1108:1120 arg1 sites 1122:1126 four glycosylation sites 1103:1126 four glycosylation sites 1103:1126 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 4 66 theme degrading 576:584 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 67 theme glycans 1563:1569 arg1 interactions 1543:1554 substrate interactions 1533:1554 substrate interactions of the glycans 1533:1569 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 9 68 theme sites 1122:1126 arg1 substitution 1087:1098 a substitution 1085:1098 a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker 1085:1156 Conversely, a substitution of four glycosylation sites near the middle of the linker reduced substrate affinity and increased maximal turnover. 28873985 0 69 from jecorina 138:145 arg1 activity 65:72 catalytic activity 55:72 catalytic activity 55:72 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 0 69 from jecorina 138:145 arg1 affinity 88:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 cellulose affinity 78:95 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 0 69 from jecorina 138:145 arg1 Cel7A 118:122 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 100:122 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina 100:145 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 0 70 from affinity 88:95 arg1 jecorina 138:145 Hypocrea jecorina 129:145 Hypocrea jecorina 129:145 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 10 71 theme substrate 1343:1351 arg1 interactions 1353:1364 substrate interactions 1343:1364 substrate interactions 1343:1364 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 2 72 theme acid 362:365 arg1 residues 367:374 20-50 amino acid residues 350:374 20-50 amino acid residues 350:374 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated and typically has a length of 20-50 amino acid residues. 28873985 0 73 theme catalytic 55:63 arg1 activity 65:72 catalytic activity 55:72 catalytic activity 55:72 The influence of different linker modifications on the catalytic activity and cellulose affinity of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 11 74 theme other 1613:1617 arg1 factors 1619:1625 other factors 1613:1625 their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide 1581:1689 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 11 74 theme other 1613:1617 arg1 changes 1635:1641 changes 1635:1641 changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide 1635:1689 However, a variant with several inserted glycosylation sites near the CBM also showed lower affinity for the substrate compared to the wild-type, and we suggest that substrate interactions of the glycans depend on their exact location as well as other factors such as changes in structure and dynamics of the linker peptide. 28873985 3 75 dep linker 448:453 arg1 the 444:446 the 444:446 the 444:446 Functional roles, other than connecting the two folded domains, of the linker and its glycans, have been widely discussed, but experimental evidence remains sparse. 28873985 7 76 theme linker 952:957 arg1 variants 959:966 different linker variants 942:966 different linker variants 942:966 These changes were quite different for different linker variants. 28873985 2 77 theme amino 356:360 arg1 residues 367:374 20-50 amino acid residues 350:374 20-50 amino acid residues 350:374 The linker if often strongly O-glycosylated and typically has a length of 20-50 amino acid residues. 28873985 10 78 theme binding 1243:1249 arg1 observation 1221:1231 The observation 1217:1231 The observation of weaker binding 1217:1249 The observation of weaker binding provides some support of recent suggestions that linker glycans may be directly involved in substrate interactions. 28873985 4 79 theme enzymes 586:592 arg1 Cel7A 632:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 597:636 the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina 597:659 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 79 theme enzymes 586:592 arg1 enzymes 586:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes 549:592 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 28873985 4 79 theme enzymes 586:592 arg1 One 542:544 One 542:544 One 542:544 One of the most studied cellulose degrading enzymes is the multi-domain cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Hypocrea jecorina. 25839798 1 0 theme FTIR 352:355 arg1 spectroscopy 365:376 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy 352:376 spectroscopy 365:376 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 3 1 theme α-d-Glc 800:806 arg1 units 826:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 0 2 theme antitumor 75:83 arg1 activity 85:92 antitumor activity 75:92 antitumor activity 75:92 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus displays antitumor activity through apoptosis. 25839798 5 3 theme such 1121:1124 arg1 effect 1126:1131 no such effect 1118:1131 no such effect 1118:1131 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 1 4 theme NMR 361:363 arg1 spectroscopy 365:376 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy 352:376 spectroscopy 365:376 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 5 5 theme S-180 1060:1064 arg1 cells 1074:1078 S-180 sarcoma cells 1060:1078 S-180 sarcoma cells 1060:1078 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 2 6 theme PLPS-2 514:519 arg1 compositions 470:481 The monosaccharide compositions 451:481 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) 451:536 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 6 theme PLPS-2 514:519 arg1 Glc 556:558 Glc 556:558 Glc 556:558 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 4 7 theme carbohydrate 947:958 arg1 components 960:969 their carbohydrate components 941:969 their carbohydrate components 941:969 The side branches were also different in their carbohydrate components. 25839798 5 8 theme sarcoma 1066:1072 arg1 cells 1074:1078 S-180 sarcoma cells 1060:1078 S-180 sarcoma cells 1060:1078 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 4 9 from components 960:969 arg1 branches 909:916 The side branches 900:916 The side branches 900:916 The side branches were also different in their carbohydrate components. 25839798 4 9 from components 960:969 arg1 different 928:936 different 928:936 different 928:936 The side branches were also different in their carbohydrate components. 25839798 6 10 theme antitumor 1152:1160 arg1 activity 1162:1169 antitumor activity 1152:1169 antitumor activity 1152:1169 The difference in antitumor activity between the two PLPS evidently results from their structural differences. 25839798 3 11 theme 1→3 870:872 arg1 -d-Glc 874:879 α-(1→3)-d-Glc 867:879 α-(1→3)-d-Glc 867:879 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 7 12 theme novel 1271:1275 arg1 agent 1288:1292 a novel anticancer agent 1269:1292 a novel anticancer agent 1269:1292 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 7 12 theme novel 1271:1275 arg1 potential 1256:1264 potential 1256:1264 potential 1256:1264 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 3 13 theme -α-d-Glc 812:819 arg1 units 826:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 2 14 from Glc 627:629 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 14 from Glc 627:629 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 15 theme PLPS-1 486:491 arg1 compositions 470:481 The monosaccharide compositions 451:481 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) 451:536 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 15 theme PLPS-1 486:491 arg1 Glc 556:558 Glc 556:558 Glc 556:558 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 1 16 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 PLPS-2 157:162 PLPS-2 157:162 PLPS-2 157:162 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 1 16 attach isolated 169:176 arg1 mycelia 183:189 mycelia 183:189 mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction 183:243 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 1 16 attach isolated 169:176 arg2 polysaccharides 123:137 Two novel polysaccharides 113:137 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 113:151 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 7 17 theme anticancer 1277:1286 arg1 agent 1288:1292 a novel anticancer agent 1269:1292 a novel anticancer agent 1269:1292 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 7 17 theme anticancer 1277:1286 arg1 potential 1256:1264 potential 1256:1264 potential 1256:1264 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 0 18 theme novel 2:6 arg1 polysaccharide 8:21 A novel polysaccharide 0:21 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus 0:64 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus displays antitumor activity through apoptosis. 25839798 0 19 from mycelia 28:34 arg1 polysaccharide 8:21 A novel polysaccharide 0:21 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus 0:64 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus displays antitumor activity through apoptosis. 25839798 5 20 theme strong 1019:1024 arg1 effect 1045:1050 strong anti-proliferative effect 1019:1050 strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells 1019:1078 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 2 21 from Glc 556:558 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 21 from Glc 556:558 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 3 22 theme 1→4 808:810 arg1 units 826:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 1 23 theme Sephadex 280:287 arg1 chromatography 302:315 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 258:315 chromatography 302:315 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 1 24 theme cultured 194:201 arg1 linteus 213:219 cultured Phellinus linteus 194:219 cultured Phellinus linteus 194:219 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 2 25 theme monosaccharide 455:468 arg1 compositions 470:481 The monosaccharide compositions 451:481 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) 451:536 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 25 theme monosaccharide 455:468 arg1 Glc 556:558 Glc 556:558 Glc 556:558 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 1 26 theme G-100 289:293 arg1 chromatography 302:315 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 258:315 chromatography 302:315 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 2 27 theme molar 587:591 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 6 28 theme structural 1221:1230 arg1 differences 1232:1242 their structural differences 1215:1242 their structural differences 1215:1242 The difference in antitumor activity between the two PLPS evidently results from their structural differences. 25839798 1 29 theme Phellinus 203:211 arg1 linteus 213:219 cultured Phellinus linteus 194:219 cultured Phellinus linteus 194:219 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 1 30 theme column 295:300 arg1 chromatography 302:315 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 258:315 chromatography 302:315 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 1 31 theme periodate 386:394 arg1 degradation 412:422 periodate oxidation/Smith degradation 386:422 periodate oxidation/Smith degradation 386:422 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 2 32 theme molar 659:663 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 1 33 theme linteus 213:219 arg1 mycelia 183:189 mycelia 183:189 mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction 183:243 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 5 34 theme anti-proliferative 1026:1043 arg1 effect 1045:1050 strong anti-proliferative effect 1019:1050 strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells 1019:1078 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 2 35 theme 2.8×10 525:530 arg1 Da 534:535 MW 2.8×10(4)Da 522:535 MW 2.8×10(4)Da 522:535 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 35 theme 2.8×10 525:530 arg1 PLPS-2 514:519 PLPS-2 514:519 PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) 514:536 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 1 36 theme oxidation/Smith 396:410 arg1 degradation 412:422 periodate oxidation/Smith degradation 386:422 periodate oxidation/Smith degradation 386:422 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 3 37 theme 1→6 821:823 arg1 units 826:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units 800:830 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 2 38 theme MW 494:495 arg1 Da 506:507 MW 2.5×10(5)Da 494:507 MW 2.5×10(5)Da 494:507 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 38 theme MW 494:495 arg1 PLPS-1 486:491 PLPS-1 486:491 PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) 486:508 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 39 from Fuc 566:568 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 39 from Fuc 566:568 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 40 theme MW 522:523 arg1 Da 534:535 MW 2.8×10(4)Da 522:535 MW 2.8×10(4)Da 522:535 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 40 theme MW 522:523 arg1 PLPS-2 514:519 PLPS-2 514:519 PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) 514:536 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 1 41 theme hot 224:226 arg1 extraction 234:243 hot water extraction 224:243 hot water extraction 224:243 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 0 42 theme Phellinus 48:56 arg1 linteus 58:64 cultured Phellinus linteus 39:64 cultured Phellinus linteus 39:64 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus displays antitumor activity through apoptosis. 25839798 5 43 theme antitumor 984:992 arg1 assays 994:999 in vitro antitumor assays 975:999 in vitro antitumor assays 975:999 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 5 44 dep in 975:976 arg1 vitro 978:982 vitro 978:982 vitro 978:982 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 1 45 theme novel 117:121 arg1 polysaccharides 123:137 Two novel polysaccharides 113:137 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 113:151 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 0 46 theme cultured 39:46 arg1 linteus 58:64 cultured Phellinus linteus 39:64 cultured Phellinus linteus 39:64 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus displays antitumor activity through apoptosis. 25839798 2 47 from Gal 571:573 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 47 from Gal 571:573 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 3 48 theme 1→6 888:890 arg1 -d-Glc 892:897 α-(1→6)-d-Glc 885:897 α-(1→6)-d-Glc 885:897 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 7 49 contain has 1252:1254 arg2 agent 1288:1292 a novel anticancer agent 1269:1292 a novel anticancer agent 1269:1292 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 7 49 contain has 1252:1254 arg2 potential 1256:1264 potential 1256:1264 potential 1256:1264 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 7 49 contain has 1252:1254 arg1 PLPS-1 1245:1250 PLPS-1 1245:1250 PLPS-1 1245:1250 PLPS-1 has potential as a novel anticancer agent. 25839798 3 50 theme PLPS-1 760:765 arg1 backbone 748:755 The backbone 744:755 The backbone of PLPS-1 744:765 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 3 51 theme α- 885:886 arg1 -d-Glc 892:897 α-(1→6)-d-Glc 885:897 α-(1→6)-d-Glc 885:897 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 1 52 theme methylation 429:439 arg1 analysis 441:448 methylation analysis 429:448 methylation analysis 429:448 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 4 53 theme side 904:907 arg1 branches 909:916 The side branches 900:916 The side branches 900:916 The side branches were also different in their carbohydrate components. 25839798 4 53 theme side 904:907 arg1 different 928:936 different 928:936 different 928:936 The side branches were also different in their carbohydrate components. 25839798 1 54 theme water 228:232 arg1 extraction 234:243 hot water extraction 224:243 hot water extraction 224:243 Two novel polysaccharides termed PLPS-1 and PLPS-2 were isolated from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus by hot water extraction, purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, and structurally characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, periodate oxidation/Smith degradation, and methylation analysis. 25839798 5 55 contain had 1114:1116 arg2 effect 1126:1131 no such effect 1118:1131 no such effect 1118:1131 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 5 55 contain had 1114:1116 arg1 PLPS-2 1107:1112 PLPS-2 1107:1112 PLPS-2 1107:1112 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 2 56 from Ara 561:563 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 56 from Ara 561:563 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 57 from Xyl 580:582 arg1 ratio 593:597 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1 587:620 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 57 from Xyl 580:582 arg1 ratio 665:669 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1 659:702 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 2 58 dep Da 534:535 arg1 4 532:532 4 532:532 4 532:532 The monosaccharide compositions of PLPS-1 (MW 2.5×10(5)Da) and PLPS-2 (MW 2.8×10(4)Da) were respectively Glc, Ara, Fuc, Gal, and Xyl in molar ratio 21.964:1.336:1.182:1:1, and Glc, Gal, Man, Ara, Fuc, Xyl in molar ratio 14.368:2.594:1.956:1.552:1.466:1; i.e., both were heteropolysaccharides. 25839798 4 59 from different 928:936 arg1 components 960:969 their carbohydrate components 941:969 their carbohydrate components 941:969 The side branches were also different in their carbohydrate components. 25839798 5 60 theme in 975:976 arg1 assays 994:999 in vitro antitumor assays 975:999 in vitro antitumor assays 975:999 In in vitro antitumor assays, PLPS-1 displayed strong anti-proliferative effect against S-180 sarcoma cells through apoptosis, whereas PLPS-2 had no such effect. 25839798 3 61 theme α- 867:868 arg1 -d-Glc 874:879 α-(1→3)-d-Glc 867:879 α-(1→3)-d-Glc 867:879 The backbone of PLPS-1 consisted primarily of repeating α-d-Glc(1→4)-α-d-Glc(1→6) units, while that of PLPS-2 consisted of α-(1→3)-d-Glc and α-(1→6)-d-Glc. 25839798 0 62 theme linteus 58:64 arg1 mycelia 28:34 mycelia 28:34 mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus 28:64 A novel polysaccharide from mycelia of cultured Phellinus linteus displays antitumor activity through apoptosis. 25839798 6 63 from difference 1138:1147 arg1 activity 1162:1169 antitumor activity 1152:1169 antitumor activity 1152:1169 The difference in antitumor activity between the two PLPS evidently results from their structural differences. 25434844 4 0 theme cultivar 1018:1025 arg1 firmness 1027:1034 cultivar firmness 1018:1034 cultivar firmness 1018:1034 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 2 1 theme fruit 354:358 arg1 genotypes 360:368 sweet cherry fruit genotypes 341:368 sweet cherry fruit genotypes 341:368 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 3 2 from increases 790:798 arg1 pectin 817:822 water-soluble pectin 803:822 water-soluble pectin 803:822 In contrast to what is usually shown in most fruits, cherry softening could occur is some cultivars without marked increases in water-soluble pectin. 25434844 6 3 from ratio 1243:1247 arg1 NSF 1256:1258 the NSF 1252:1258 the NSF 1252:1258 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 2 4 theme pectin 456:461 arg1 solubilization 388:401 the solubilization 384:401 the solubilization 384:401 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 4 theme pectin 456:461 arg1 composition 441:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 4 theme pectin 456:461 arg1 depolymerization 404:419 depolymerization 404:419 depolymerization 404:419 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 8 5 theme Ultraviolet 1640:1650 arg1 spectrometry 1716:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 7 6 theme galactose 1382:1390 arg1 ratios 1357:1362 The similar molar ratios 1339:1362 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] 1339:1418 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 4 7 located observed 885:892 arg1 fractions 941:949 the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions 897:949 the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions 897:949 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 4 7 located observed 885:892 arg2 depolymerization 864:879 hemicellulose depolymerization 850:879 hemicellulose depolymerization 850:879 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 4 7 located observed 885:892 arg2 polyuronide 834:844 polyuronide 834:844 polyuronide 834:844 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 6 8 theme sugars/uronic 1224:1236 arg1 ratio 1243:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio 1208:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF 1208:1258 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 8 9 theme laser 1668:1672 arg1 spectrometry 1716:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 1 10 theme postharvest 167:177 arg1 deterioration 179:191 postharvest deterioration 167:191 postharvest deterioration 167:191 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 7 11 theme side 1576:1579 arg1 chains 1581:1586 the RG side chains 1569:1586 the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1569:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 7 12 theme arabinose 1367:1375 arg1 ratios 1357:1362 The similar molar ratios 1339:1362 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] 1339:1418 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 8 13 theme time-of-flight 1696:1709 arg1 spectrometry 1716:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 6 14 theme neutral 1216:1222 arg1 ratio 1243:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio 1208:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF 1208:1258 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 6 15 theme lower 1289:1293 arg1 proportion 1295:1304 a lower proportion 1287:1304 a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides 1287:1336 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 7 16 theme similar 1343:1349 arg1 ratios 1357:1362 The similar molar ratios 1339:1362 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] 1339:1418 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 7 17 from proportions 1602:1612 arg1 cherries 1630:1637 firmer cherries 1623:1637 firmer cherries 1623:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 2 18 theme developmental 633:645 arg1 stages 647:652 two developmental stages 629:652 two developmental stages (immature and ripe) 629:672 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 3 19 dep occur 751:755 arg1 cultivars 765:773 some cultivars 760:773 some cultivars 760:773 In contrast to what is usually shown in most fruits, cherry softening could occur is some cultivars without marked increases in water-soluble pectin. 25434844 7 20 from HG 1617:1618 arg1 cherries 1630:1637 firmer cherries 1623:1637 firmer cherries 1623:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 3 21 theme most 715:718 arg1 fruits 720:725 most fruits 715:725 most fruits 715:725 In contrast to what is usually shown in most fruits, cherry softening could occur is some cultivars without marked increases in water-soluble pectin. 25434844 0 22 theme sweet 61:65 arg1 L. 88:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 22 theme sweet 61:65 arg1 cultivars 92:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 8 23 theme depolymerization 1756:1771 arg1 patterns 1773:1780 the depolymerization patterns 1752:1780 the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins 1752:1804 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 3 24 theme water-soluble 803:815 arg1 pectin 817:822 water-soluble pectin 803:822 water-soluble pectin 803:822 In contrast to what is usually shown in most fruits, cherry softening could occur is some cultivars without marked increases in water-soluble pectin. 25434844 2 25 with cultivars 505:513 arg1 firmness 589:596 contrasting firmness 577:596 contrasting firmness 577:596 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 6 26 contain have 1282:1285 arg2 proportion 1295:1304 a lower proportion 1287:1304 a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides 1287:1336 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 6 26 contain have 1282:1285 arg1 they 1277:1280 they 1277:1280 they 1277:1280 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 0 27 theme avium 82:86 arg1 L. 88:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 27 theme avium 82:86 arg1 cultivars 92:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 5 28 theme Na2CO3-soluble 1062:1075 arg1 NSF 1094:1096 NSF 1094:1096 NSF 1094:1096 In all the genotypes the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides (NSF) represented the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction during ripening. 25434844 5 28 theme Na2CO3-soluble 1062:1075 arg1 polysaccharides 1077:1091 the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides 1058:1091 the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides (NSF) 1058:1097 In all the genotypes the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides (NSF) represented the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction during ripening. 25434844 7 29 from cherries 1630:1637 arg1 proportions 1602:1612 greater proportions 1594:1612 greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1594:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 8 30 theme bound 1792:1796 arg1 pectins 1798:1804 weakly bound pectins 1785:1804 weakly bound pectins 1785:1804 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 7 31 theme HG 1617:1618 arg1 proportions 1602:1612 greater proportions 1594:1612 greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1594:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 6 32 theme branched 1316:1323 arg1 polyuronides 1325:1336 highly branched polyuronides 1309:1336 highly branched polyuronides 1309:1336 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 4 33 theme polymer 1001:1007 arg1 size 1009:1012 initial polymer size 993:1012 initial polymer size 993:1012 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 8 34 theme bound 1915:1919 arg1 pectins 1921:1927 covalently bound pectins 1904:1927 covalently bound pectins 1904:1927 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 0 35 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 changes 14:20 Compositional changes 0:20 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 0:125 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 2 36 dep stages 647:652 arg1 ripe 668:671 ripe 668:671 ripe 668:671 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 36 dep stages 647:652 arg1 immature 655:662 immature 655:662 immature 655:662 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 37 theme monosaccharide 426:439 arg1 composition 441:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 38 dep Chelan 517:522 arg1 Regina 563:568 'Regina' 562:569 'Regina' 562:569 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 38 dep Chelan 517:522 arg1 Sunburst 547:554 Sunburst 547:554 Sunburst 547:554 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 38 dep Chelan 517:522 arg1 Sumele 527:532 Sumele 527:532 Sumele 527:532 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 38 dep Chelan 517:522 arg1 Brooks 537:542 'Brooks' 536:543 'Brooks' 536:543 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 7 39 theme chains 1581:1586 arg1 size 1561:1564 the size 1557:1564 the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1557:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 2 40 theme sweet 492:496 arg1 cultivars 505:513 five sweet cherry cultivars 487:513 five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness 487:596 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 0 41 theme wall 30:33 arg1 polysaccharides 35:49 cell wall polysaccharides 25:49 cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 25:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 5 42 theme abundant 1120:1127 arg1 fraction 1146:1153 the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction 1111:1153 the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction 1111:1153 In all the genotypes the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides (NSF) represented the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction during ripening. 25434844 2 43 theme cherry 347:352 arg1 genotypes 360:368 sweet cherry fruit genotypes 341:368 sweet cherry fruit genotypes 341:368 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 5 44 theme dynamic 1133:1139 arg1 fraction 1146:1153 the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction 1111:1153 the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction 1111:1153 In all the genotypes the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides (NSF) represented the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction during ripening. 25434844 7 45 theme relative 1465:1472 arg1 proportion 1474:1483 their relative proportion 1459:1483 their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) 1459:1540 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 1 46 theme fresh 230:234 arg1 cherries 236:243 fresh cherries 230:243 fresh cherries 230:243 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 8 47 theme accurate 1821:1828 arg1 results 1830:1836 less accurate results 1816:1836 less accurate results 1816:1836 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 8 48 from pattern 1893:1899 arg1 pectins 1921:1927 covalently bound pectins 1904:1927 covalently bound pectins 1904:1927 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 7 49 theme Ara+Gal 1406:1412 arg1 /Rha 1414:1417 (Ara+Gal)/Rha 1405:1417 (Ara+Gal)/Rha 1405:1417 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 7 49 theme Ara+Gal 1406:1412 arg1 rhamnose 1395:1402 rhamnose 1395:1402 rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] 1395:1418 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 8 50 theme bound 1851:1855 arg1 pectins 1857:1863 ionically bound pectins 1841:1863 ionically bound pectins 1841:1863 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 1 51 theme major 152:156 arg1 softening 137:145 Excessive softening 127:145 Excessive softening 127:145 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 1 51 theme major 152:156 arg1 cause 158:162 a major cause 150:162 a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries 150:243 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 6 52 theme acid 1238:1241 arg1 ratio 1243:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio 1208:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF 1208:1258 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 2 53 theme textural 312:319 arg1 differences 321:331 the textural differences 308:331 the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness 308:596 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 7 54 theme RG 1573:1574 arg1 chains 1581:1586 the RG side chains 1569:1586 the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1569:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 0 55 theme on-tree 109:115 arg1 ripening 117:124 on-tree ripening 109:124 on-tree ripening 109:124 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 8 56 theme matrix-assisted 1652:1666 arg1 spectrometry 1716:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 1 57 theme deterioration 179:191 arg1 softening 137:145 Excessive softening 127:145 Excessive softening 127:145 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 1 57 theme deterioration 179:191 arg1 cause 158:162 a major cause 150:162 a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries 150:243 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 4 58 theme hemicellulose 850:862 arg1 depolymerization 864:879 hemicellulose depolymerization 850:879 hemicellulose depolymerization 850:879 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 7 59 with chains 1581:1586 arg1 proportions 1602:1612 greater proportions 1594:1612 greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1594:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 7 60 theme firmer 1623:1628 arg1 cherries 1630:1637 firmer cherries 1623:1637 firmer cherries 1623:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 8 61 theme desorption/ionization 1674:1694 arg1 spectrometry 1716:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 6 62 theme lower 1210:1214 arg1 ratio 1243:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio 1208:1247 a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF 1208:1258 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 8 63 theme mass 1711:1714 arg1 spectrometry 1716:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1640:1727 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 0 64 from cultivars 92:100 arg1 polysaccharides 35:49 cell wall polysaccharides 25:49 cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 25:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 64 from cultivars 92:100 arg1 changes 14:20 Compositional changes 0:20 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 0:125 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 7 65 theme molar 1351:1355 arg1 ratios 1357:1362 The similar molar ratios 1339:1362 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] 1339:1418 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 3 66 theme marked 783:788 arg1 increases 790:798 marked increases 783:798 marked increases in water-soluble pectin 783:822 In contrast to what is usually shown in most fruits, cherry softening could occur is some cultivars without marked increases in water-soluble pectin. 25434844 3 67 theme cherry 728:733 arg1 softening 735:743 cherry softening 728:743 cherry softening 728:743 In contrast to what is usually shown in most fruits, cherry softening could occur is some cultivars without marked increases in water-soluble pectin. 25434844 0 68 theme cherry 67:72 arg1 L. 88:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 68 theme cherry 67:72 arg1 cultivars 92:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 1 69 theme Excessive 127:135 arg1 softening 137:145 Excessive softening 127:145 Excessive softening 127:145 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 1 69 theme Excessive 127:135 arg1 cause 158:162 a major cause 150:162 a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries 150:243 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 4 70 theme dilute-alkali-soluble 919:939 arg1 fractions 941:949 the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions 897:949 the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions 897:949 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 6 71 theme Firm 1172:1175 arg1 cultivars 1177:1185 Firm cultivars 1172:1185 Firm cultivars 1172:1185 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 0 72 theme Prunus 75:80 arg1 L. 88:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 72 theme Prunus 75:80 arg1 cultivars 92:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 7 73 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1514:1531 arg1 proportion 1474:1483 their relative proportion 1459:1483 their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) 1459:1540 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 2 74 theme cherry 498:503 arg1 cultivars 505:513 five sweet cherry cultivars 487:513 five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness 487:596 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 0 75 from changes 14:20 arg1 polysaccharides 35:49 cell wall polysaccharides 25:49 cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 25:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 75 from changes 14:20 arg1 L. 88:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Prunus avium L. 75:89 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 0 75 from changes 14:20 arg1 cultivars 92:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 56:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 2 76 from cultivars 505:513 arg1 solubilization 388:401 the solubilization 384:401 the solubilization 384:401 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 76 from cultivars 505:513 arg1 composition 441:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 76 from cultivars 505:513 arg1 depolymerization 404:419 depolymerization 404:419 depolymerization 404:419 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 77 theme contrasting 577:587 arg1 firmness 589:596 contrasting firmness 577:596 contrasting firmness 577:596 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 6 78 theme polyuronides 1325:1336 arg1 proportion 1295:1304 a lower proportion 1287:1304 a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides 1287:1336 Firm cultivars showed upon ripening a lower neutral sugars/uronic acid ratio in the NSF, suggesting that they have a lower proportion of highly branched polyuronides. 25434844 4 79 theme water-soluble 901:913 arg1 fractions 941:949 the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions 897:949 the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions 897:949 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 8 80 theme pectins 1798:1804 arg1 patterns 1773:1780 the depolymerization patterns 1752:1780 the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins 1752:1804 Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful to identify the depolymerization patterns of weakly bound pectins, but gave less accurate results on ionically bound pectins, and was unable to find any pattern on covalently bound pectins. 25434844 4 81 theme initial 993:999 arg1 size 1009:1012 initial polymer size 993:1012 initial polymer size 993:1012 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 2 82 dep differences 321:331 arg1 evaluated 374:382 evaluated 374:382 evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness 374:596 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 0 83 theme cell 25:28 arg1 polysaccharides 35:49 cell wall polysaccharides 25:49 cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars 25:100 Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from five sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars during on-tree ripening. 25434844 7 84 theme greater 1594:1600 arg1 proportions 1602:1612 greater proportions 1594:1612 greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries 1594:1637 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 4 85 theme moderate 957:964 arg1 association 966:976 only moderate association 952:976 only moderate association 952:976 Although polyuronide and hemicellulose depolymerization was observed in the water-soluble and dilute-alkali-soluble fractions, only moderate association occurs between initial polymer size and cultivar firmness. 25434844 2 86 dep cultivars 505:513 arg1 Chelan 517:522 Chelan 517:522 Chelan 517:522 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 7 87 theme homogalacturonan 1488:1503 arg1 proportion 1474:1483 their relative proportion 1459:1483 their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) 1459:1540 The similar molar ratios of arabinose plus galactose to rhamnose [(Ara+Gal)/Rha] suggest that the cultivars differed in their relative proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) rather than in the size of the RG side chains; with greater proportions of HG in firmer cherries. 25434844 2 88 theme hemicelluloses 467:480 arg1 solubilization 388:401 the solubilization 384:401 the solubilization 384:401 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 88 theme hemicelluloses 467:480 arg1 composition 441:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 monosaccharide composition 426:451 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 88 theme hemicelluloses 467:480 arg1 depolymerization 404:419 depolymerization 404:419 depolymerization 404:419 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 2 89 theme sweet 341:345 arg1 genotypes 360:368 sweet cherry fruit genotypes 341:368 sweet cherry fruit genotypes 341:368 In continuing our studies to identify the factors determining the textural differences between sweet cherry fruit genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization, and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from five sweet cherry cultivars ('Chelan', 'Sumele', 'Brooks', 'Sunburst', and 'Regina') with contrasting firmness and cracking susceptibility at two developmental stages (immature and ripe). 25434844 5 90 theme wall 1141:1144 arg1 fraction 1146:1153 the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction 1111:1153 the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction 1111:1153 In all the genotypes the Na2CO3-soluble polysaccharides (NSF) represented the most abundant and dynamic wall fraction during ripening. 25434844 1 91 theme cherries 236:243 arg1 storage 219:225 storage 219:225 storage 219:225 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 25434844 1 91 theme cherries 236:243 arg1 transportation 200:213 transportation 200:213 transportation 200:213 Excessive softening is a major cause of postharvest deterioration during transportation and storage of fresh cherries. 27561520 1 0 theme X 170:170 arg1 Ga2O3 172:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 0 theme X 170:170 arg1 series 123:128 A bioactive glass series 105:128 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) 105:177 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 1 theme microscopy 386:395 arg1 Angle 480:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle 364:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 2 2 theme MG-63 592:596 arg1 cells 611:615 MG-63 osteosarcoma cells 592:615 MG-63 osteosarcoma cells 592:615 Composite extracts were also evaluated in vitro against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. 27561520 1 3 theme C 453:453 arg1 Polarization 461:472 (13)C Cross Polarization 449:472 (13)C Cross Polarization 449:472 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 6 4 with glass 1041:1045 arg1 Ga-content 1079:1088 the largest Ga-content 1067:1088 the largest Ga-content 1067:1088 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 6 5 theme osteosarcoma 1120:1131 arg1 viability 1133:1141 MG-63 osteosarcoma viability 1114:1141 MG-63 osteosarcoma viability 1114:1141 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 1 6 theme Cross 455:459 arg1 Polarization 461:472 (13)C Cross Polarization 449:472 (13)C Cross Polarization 449:472 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 3 7 theme glass 632:636 arg1 distribution 638:649 glass distribution 632:649 glass distribution 632:649 TEM confirmed glass distribution throughout the composites, although some particle agglomeration was observed. 27561520 2 8 theme Composite 536:544 arg1 extracts 546:553 Composite extracts 536:553 Composite extracts 536:553 Composite extracts were also evaluated in vitro against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. 27561520 2 9 theme osteosarcoma 598:609 arg1 cells 611:615 MG-63 osteosarcoma cells 592:615 MG-63 osteosarcoma cells 592:615 Composite extracts were also evaluated in vitro against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. 27561520 6 10 theme MG-63 1114:1118 arg1 viability 1133:1141 MG-63 osteosarcoma viability 1114:1141 MG-63 osteosarcoma viability 1114:1141 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 1 11 theme Polarization 461:472 arg1 Angle 480:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle 364:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 12 theme differential 404:415 arg1 DSC 439:441 DSC 439:441 DSC 439:441 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 12 theme differential 404:415 arg1 calorimetry 426:436 differential scanning calorimetry 404:436 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 404:442 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 13 theme bioactive 107:115 arg1 Ga2O3 172:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 13 theme bioactive 107:115 arg1 series 123:128 A bioactive glass series 105:128 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) 105:177 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 14 theme Magic 474:478 arg1 Angle 480:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle 364:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 0 15 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 4 16 theme small 786:790 arg1 effects 792:798 small effects 786:798 small effects 786:798 DSC revealed that glass composition and content did have small effects on both Tg and Tm. 27561520 1 17 theme scanning 417:424 arg1 DSC 439:441 DSC 439:441 DSC 439:441 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 17 theme scanning 417:424 arg1 calorimetry 426:436 differential scanning calorimetry 404:436 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 404:442 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 18 theme glass 117:121 arg1 Ga2O3 172:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 18 theme glass 117:121 arg1 series 123:128 A bioactive glass series 105:128 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) 105:177 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 19 theme Angle 480:484 arg1 Resonance 512:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 364:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 19 theme Angle 480:484 arg1 MAS-NMR 526:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 6 20 theme viability 991:999 arg1 analysis 1001:1008 Cell viability analysis 986:1008 Cell viability analysis 986:1008 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 0 21 theme anti-cancerous 32:45 arg1 potential 47:55 anti-cancerous potential 32:55 anti-cancerous potential 32:55 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 1 22 theme different 264:272 arg1 amounts 274:280 three different amounts 258:280 three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)) 258:307 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 22 theme different 264:272 arg1 2 305:305 2 305:305 2 305:305 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 23 from hydrogels 245:253 arg1 amounts 274:280 three different amounts 258:280 three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)) 258:307 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 23 from hydrogels 245:253 arg1 2 305:305 2 305:305 2 305:305 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 24 theme calorimetry 426:436 arg1 Angle 480:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle 364:484 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 25 theme Spinning 486:493 arg1 Resonance 512:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 364:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 25 theme Spinning 486:493 arg1 MAS-NMR 526:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 6 26 theme Cell 986:989 arg1 analysis 1001:1008 Cell viability analysis 986:1008 Cell viability analysis 986:1008 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 6 27 theme largest 1071:1077 arg1 Ga-content 1079:1088 the largest Ga-content 1067:1088 the largest Ga-content 1067:1088 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 1 28 theme Nuclear 495:501 arg1 Resonance 512:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 364:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 28 theme Nuclear 495:501 arg1 MAS-NMR 526:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 29 theme carboxymethyl 201:213 arg1 /dextran 230:237 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran 201:237 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)) 201:307 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 29 theme carboxymethyl 201:213 arg1 Dex 240:242 Dex 240:242 Dex 240:242 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 30 theme resulting 318:326 arg1 composites 328:337 the resulting composites 314:337 the resulting composites 314:337 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 31 theme Magnetic 503:510 arg1 Resonance 512:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 364:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 31 theme Magnetic 503:510 arg1 MAS-NMR 526:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 32 theme cellulose 215:223 arg1 /dextran 230:237 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran 201:237 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)) 201:307 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 32 theme cellulose 215:223 arg1 Dex 240:242 Dex 240:242 Dex 240:242 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 4 33 theme glass 747:751 arg1 composition 753:763 glass composition 747:763 glass composition 747:763 DSC revealed that glass composition and content did have small effects on both Tg and Tm. 27561520 0 34 theme bioactive 68:76 arg1 composites 93:102 gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites 60:102 gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites 60:102 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 7 35 theme composite 1200:1208 arg1 series 1210:1215 this composite series 1195:1215 this composite series 1195:1215 This study successfully characterized this composite series, and demonstrated their potential for anti-cancerous applications. 27561520 6 36 theme glass 1041:1045 arg1 extracts 1025:1032 extracts 1025:1032 extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content 1025:1088 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 1 37 theme 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO- 131:156 arg1 Ga2O3 172:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 37 theme 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO- 131:156 arg1 series 123:128 A bioactive glass series 105:128 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) 105:177 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 0 38 theme gallium 60:66 arg1 composites 93:102 gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites 60:102 gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites 60:102 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 3 39 theme particle 692:699 arg1 agglomeration 701:713 some particle agglomeration 687:713 some particle agglomeration 687:713 TEM confirmed glass distribution throughout the composites, although some particle agglomeration was observed. 27561520 5 40 theme bonding 964:970 arg1 environments 972:983 bonding environments 964:983 bonding environments 964:983 MAS-NMR revealed that both CMC and Dex were successfully functionalized, that cross-linking occurred, and that glass addition did slightly alter bonding environments. 27561520 7 41 theme anti-cancerous 1255:1268 arg1 applications 1270:1281 anti-cancerous applications 1255:1281 anti-cancerous applications 1255:1281 This study successfully characterized this composite series, and demonstrated their potential for anti-cancerous applications. 27561520 1 42 theme 0.40-X 158:163 arg1 Ga2O3 172:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 42 theme 0.40-X 158:163 arg1 series 123:128 A bioactive glass series 105:128 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) 105:177 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 43 theme CMC 226:228 arg1 /dextran 230:237 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran 201:237 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)) 201:307 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 43 theme CMC 226:228 arg1 Dex 240:242 Dex 240:242 Dex 240:242 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 44 theme transmission 364:375 arg1 TEM 398:400 TEM 398:400 TEM 398:400 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 44 theme transmission 364:375 arg1 microscopy 386:395 transmission electron microscopy 364:395 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 364:401 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 45 theme CP 523:524 arg1 Resonance 512:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 364:520 transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR) 364:533 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 45 theme CP 523:524 arg1 MAS-NMR 526:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 CP MAS-NMR 523:532 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 6 46 theme composites 1051:1060 arg1 extracts 1025:1032 extracts 1025:1032 extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content 1025:1088 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 0 47 theme composites 93:102 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 0 47 theme composites 93:102 arg1 potential 47:55 anti-cancerous potential 32:55 anti-cancerous potential 32:55 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 1 48 theme electron 377:384 arg1 TEM 398:400 TEM 398:400 TEM 398:400 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 48 theme electron 377:384 arg1 microscopy 386:395 transmission electron microscopy 364:395 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 364:401 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 49 theme ZnO- 165:168 arg1 Ga2O3 172:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3 131:176 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 1 49 theme ZnO- 165:168 arg1 series 123:128 A bioactive glass series 105:128 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) 105:177 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 4 50 contain have 781:784 arg1 composition 753:763 glass composition 747:763 glass composition 747:763 DSC revealed that glass composition and content did have small effects on both Tg and Tm. 27561520 4 50 contain have 781:784 arg2 effects 792:798 small effects 786:798 small effects 786:798 DSC revealed that glass composition and content did have small effects on both Tg and Tm. 27561520 4 50 contain have 781:784 arg1 content 769:775 content 769:775 content 769:775 DSC revealed that glass composition and content did have small effects on both Tg and Tm. 27561520 1 51 theme /dextran 230:237 arg1 hydrogels 245:253 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels 201:253 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)) 201:307 A bioactive glass series (0.42SiO2-0.10Na2O-0.08CaO-(0.40-X)ZnO-(X)Ga2O3) was incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/dextran (Dex) hydrogels in three different amounts (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25m(2)), and the resulting composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and (13)C Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP MAS-NMR). 27561520 0 52 theme glass/hydrogel 78:91 arg1 composites 93:102 gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites 60:102 gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites 60:102 Structural characterization and anti-cancerous potential of gallium bioactive glass/hydrogel composites. 27561520 6 53 with composites 1051:1060 arg1 Ga-content 1079:1088 the largest Ga-content 1067:1088 the largest Ga-content 1067:1088 Cell viability analysis suggested that extracts of the glass and composites with the largest Ga-content significantly decreased MG-63 osteosarcoma viability after 30days. 27561520 5 54 theme glass 930:934 arg1 addition 936:943 glass addition 930:943 glass addition 930:943 MAS-NMR revealed that both CMC and Dex were successfully functionalized, that cross-linking occurred, and that glass addition did slightly alter bonding environments. 27732878 1 0 theme film 150:153 arg1 performance 155:165 film performance 150:165 film performance 150:165 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 1 1 theme gelatinization 241:254 arg1 conditions 256:265 different gelatinization conditions 231:265 different gelatinization conditions 231:265 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 5 2 theme starch 629:634 arg1 Incorporation 612:624 Incorporation 612:624 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films 612:697 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 6 3 theme retrogradation 1012:1025 arg1 process 1027:1033 retrogradation process 1012:1033 retrogradation process 1012:1033 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 4 theme composited 1109:1118 arg1 films 1128:1132 the composited gelatin films 1105:1132 the composited gelatin films 1105:1132 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 4 5 theme starch 554:559 arg1 granules 561:568 the starch granules 550:568 the starch granules 550:568 The addition of an alkali component to the starch significantly enhanced the swelling of the starch granules and expedited the gelatinization process. 27732878 5 6 theme gelatin 685:691 arg1 films 693:697 the gelatin films 681:697 the gelatin films 681:697 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 6 7 theme molecules 946:954 arg1 crosslinking 909:920 the crosslinking 905:920 the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules 905:954 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 7 theme molecules 946:954 arg1 particles 964:972 the particles 960:972 the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process 960:1033 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 8 theme gelatinized 986:996 arg1 starch 998:1003 gelatinized starch 986:1003 gelatinized starch 986:1003 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 3 9 theme mechanical 392:401 arg1 strength 403:410 film mechanical strength 387:410 film mechanical strength 387:410 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 1 10 dep concentrations 288:301 arg1 50wt 311:314 10 and 50wt 304:314 50wt 311:314 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 1 10 dep concentrations 288:301 arg1 10 304:305 10 304:305 10 304:305 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 1 11 from impact 130:135 arg1 performance 155:165 film performance 150:165 film performance 150:165 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 5 12 theme vapor 771:775 arg1 WVP 791:793 WVP 791:793 WVP 791:793 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 5 12 theme vapor 771:775 arg1 permeability 777:788 water vapor permeability 765:788 water vapor permeability (WVP) 765:794 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 1 13 theme high 168:171 arg1 starch 186:191 high amylose corn starch 168:191 high amylose corn starch 168:191 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 3 14 theme water 342:346 arg1 Gel-Shw 368:374 Gel-Shw 368:374 Gel-Shw 368:374 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 3 14 theme water 342:346 arg1 starch 360:365 hot water gelatinized starch 338:365 hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) 338:375 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 7 15 theme starch-gelatin 1148:1161 arg1 composition 1163:1173 the starch-gelatin composition 1144:1173 the starch-gelatin composition 1144:1173 Overall, the starch-gelatin composition provides a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry. 27732878 6 16 theme thermal 1084:1090 arg1 stability 1092:1100 the thermal stability 1080:1100 the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films 1080:1132 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 1 17 theme amylose 173:179 arg1 starch 186:191 high amylose corn starch 168:191 high amylose corn starch 168:191 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 3 18 theme gelatinized 348:358 arg1 Gel-Shw 368:374 Gel-Shw 368:374 Gel-Shw 368:374 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 3 18 theme gelatinized 348:358 arg1 starch 360:365 hot water gelatinized starch 338:365 hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) 338:375 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 3 19 theme film 387:390 arg1 strength 403:410 film mechanical strength 387:410 film mechanical strength 387:410 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 0 20 theme amylose 20:26 arg1 films 54:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 Performance of high amylose starch-composited gelatin films influenced by gelatinization and concentration. 27732878 1 21 theme high 275:278 arg1 concentrations 288:301 high and low concentrations 275:301 high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt 275:314 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 6 22 used used 849:852 arg2 TGA 823:825 TGA 823:825 TGA 823:825 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 22 used used 849:852 arg2 XRD 839:841 XRD 839:841 XRD 839:841 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 22 used used 849:852 arg2 DSC 818:820 DSC 818:820 DSC 818:820 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 22 used used 849:852 arg2 techniques 806:815 Multiple techniques 797:815 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) 797:842 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 22 used used 849:852 arg2 FT-IR 828:832 FT-IR 828:832 FT-IR 828:832 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 3 23 theme hot 338:340 arg1 Gel-Shw 368:374 Gel-Shw 368:374 Gel-Shw 368:374 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 3 23 theme hot 338:340 arg1 starch 360:365 hot water gelatinized starch 338:365 hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) 338:375 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 4 24 theme gelatinization 588:601 arg1 process 603:609 the gelatinization process 584:609 the gelatinization process 584:609 The addition of an alkali component to the starch significantly enhanced the swelling of the starch granules and expedited the gelatinization process. 27732878 0 25 theme gelatin 46:52 arg1 films 54:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 Performance of high amylose starch-composited gelatin films influenced by gelatinization and concentration. 27732878 1 26 theme low 284:286 arg1 concentrations 288:301 high and low concentrations 275:301 high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt 275:314 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 7 27 theme potential 1186:1194 arg1 approach 1196:1203 a potential approach 1184:1203 a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry 1184:1289 Overall, the starch-gelatin composition provides a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry. 27732878 1 28 theme corn 181:184 arg1 starch 186:191 high amylose corn starch 168:191 high amylose corn starch 168:191 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 0 29 theme starch-composited 28:44 arg1 films 54:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 Performance of high amylose starch-composited gelatin films influenced by gelatinization and concentration. 27732878 4 30 theme component 487:495 arg1 addition 465:472 The addition 461:472 The addition of an alkali component to the starch 461:509 The addition of an alkali component to the starch significantly enhanced the swelling of the starch granules and expedited the gelatinization process. 27732878 5 31 theme water 744:748 arg1 resistance 750:759 its water resistance 740:759 its water resistance 740:759 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 4 32 theme alkali 480:485 arg1 component 487:495 an alkali component 477:495 an alkali component 477:495 The addition of an alkali component to the starch significantly enhanced the swelling of the starch granules and expedited the gelatinization process. 27732878 7 33 theme gelatin 1216:1222 arg1 performance 1229:1239 gelatin film performance 1216:1239 gelatin film performance 1216:1239 Overall, the starch-gelatin composition provides a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry. 27732878 0 34 theme films 54:58 arg1 Performance 0:10 Performance 0:10 Performance of high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 0:58 Performance of high amylose starch-composited gelatin films influenced by gelatinization and concentration. 27732878 5 35 theme alkalized 652:660 arg1 starch 662:667 the alkalized starch 648:667 especially the alkalized starch (Sha) 637:673 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 5 35 theme alkalized 652:660 arg1 starch 629:634 starch 629:634 starch 629:634 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 5 35 theme alkalized 652:660 arg1 Sha 670:672 Sha 670:672 Sha 670:672 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 6 36 theme Multiple 797:804 arg1 FT-IR 828:832 FT-IR 828:832 FT-IR 828:832 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 36 theme Multiple 797:804 arg1 XRD 839:841 XRD 839:841 XRD 839:841 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 36 theme Multiple 797:804 arg1 TGA 823:825 TGA 823:825 TGA 823:825 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 36 theme Multiple 797:804 arg1 DSC 818:820 DSC 818:820 DSC 818:820 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 36 theme Multiple 797:804 arg1 techniques 806:815 Multiple techniques 797:815 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) 797:842 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 37 theme important 1052:1060 arg1 role 1062:1065 an important role 1049:1065 an important role 1049:1065 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 38 dep techniques 806:815 arg1 FT-IR 828:832 FT-IR 828:832 FT-IR 828:832 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 38 dep techniques 806:815 arg1 XRD 839:841 XRD 839:841 XRD 839:841 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 38 dep techniques 806:815 arg1 TGA 823:825 TGA 823:825 TGA 823:825 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 38 dep techniques 806:815 arg1 DSC 818:820 DSC 818:820 DSC 818:820 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 38 dep techniques 806:815 arg1 techniques 806:815 Multiple techniques 797:815 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) 797:842 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 39 theme gelatin 1120:1126 arg1 films 1128:1132 the composited gelatin films 1105:1132 the composited gelatin films 1105:1132 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 40 dep process 874:880 arg1 the 870:872 the 870:872 the 870:872 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 6 41 theme starch 939:944 arg1 molecules 946:954 the dissolved starch molecules 925:954 the dissolved starch molecules 925:954 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 1 42 theme gelatin 211:217 arg1 films 219:223 gelatin films 211:223 gelatin films 211:223 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 7 43 theme film 1224:1227 arg1 performance 1229:1239 gelatin film performance 1216:1239 gelatin film performance 1216:1239 Overall, the starch-gelatin composition provides a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry. 27732878 7 44 from applications 1257:1268 arg1 industry 1282:1289 the food industry 1273:1289 the food industry 1273:1289 Overall, the starch-gelatin composition provides a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry. 27732878 3 45 theme starch 439:444 arg1 concentration 446:458 the starch concentration 435:458 the starch concentration 435:458 It was found that hot water gelatinized starch (Gel-Shw) increased film mechanical strength and was dependent upon the starch concentration. 27732878 4 46 theme granules 561:568 arg1 swelling 538:545 the swelling 534:545 the swelling of the starch granules 534:568 The addition of an alkali component to the starch significantly enhanced the swelling of the starch granules and expedited the gelatinization process. 27732878 5 47 theme film 709:712 arg1 solubility 714:723 film solubility 709:723 film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP) 709:794 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 6 48 theme films 1128:1132 arg1 stability 1092:1100 the thermal stability 1080:1100 the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films 1080:1132 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 1 49 theme starch 140:145 arg1 impact 130:135 the impact 126:135 the impact of starch in film performance 126:165 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 27732878 7 50 theme food 1277:1280 arg1 industry 1282:1289 the food industry 1273:1289 the food industry 1273:1289 Overall, the starch-gelatin composition provides a potential approach to improve gelatin film performance and benefit its applications in the food industry. 27732878 6 51 theme dissolved 929:937 arg1 molecules 946:954 the dissolved starch molecules 925:954 the dissolved starch molecules 925:954 Multiple techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and XRD) were used to characterize the process and results, including the crosslinking of the dissolved starch molecules and the particles formed from gelatinized starch during retrogradation process, which played an important role in improving the thermal stability of the composited gelatin films. 27732878 0 52 theme high 15:18 arg1 films 54:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 high amylose starch-composited gelatin films 15:58 Performance of high amylose starch-composited gelatin films influenced by gelatinization and concentration. 27732878 5 53 theme water 765:769 arg1 WVP 791:793 WVP 791:793 WVP 791:793 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 5 53 theme water 765:769 arg1 permeability 777:788 water vapor permeability 765:788 water vapor permeability (WVP) 765:794 Incorporation of starch, especially the alkalized starch (Sha), into the gelatin films decreased film solubility which improved its water resistance and water vapor permeability (WVP). 27732878 1 54 theme different 231:239 arg1 conditions 256:265 different gelatinization conditions 231:265 different gelatinization conditions 231:265 In order to study the impact of starch in film performance, high amylose corn starch was composited in gelatin films under different gelatinization conditions and, in high and low concentrations (10 and 50wt. 24914893 5 0 theme crude 767:771 arg1 extracts 773:780 the crude extracts 763:780 the crude extracts from the different plant parts 763:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 6 1 theme bark 1002:1005 arg1 extracts 976:983 the 100 °C water extracts 959:983 the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively 959:1018 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 5 2 theme activities 749:758 arg1 difference 711:720 no great difference 702:720 no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts 702:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 1 3 theme 50 220:221 arg1 °C 223:224 °C 223:224 °C 223:224 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 7 4 theme type 1116:1119 arg1 backbone 1123:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 7 5 theme side 1164:1167 arg1 chains 1169:1174 side chains 1164:1174 side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II 1164:1212 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 1 6 theme Terminalia 133:142 arg1 macroptera 144:153 Terminalia macroptera 133:153 Terminalia macroptera 133:153 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 3 7 from compositions 535:546 arg1 assay 578:582 the complement assay 563:582 the complement assay 563:582 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 1 8 theme °C 223:224 arg1 water 237:241 50 °C and 100 °C water 220:241 50 °C and 100 °C water 220:241 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 9 9 contain containing 1431:1440 arg1 fractions 1421:1429 fractions 1421:1429 fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 1421:1466 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 9 9 contain containing 1431:1440 arg2 polysaccharides 1452:1466 bioactive polysaccharides 1442:1466 bioactive polysaccharides 1442:1466 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 7 10 contain contains 1155:1162 arg1 100WTSBH-I-I 1142:1153 only 100WTSBH-I-I 1137:1153 only 100WTSBH-I-I 1137:1153 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 7 10 contain contains 1155:1162 arg2 chains 1169:1174 side chains 1164:1174 side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II 1164:1212 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 4 11 theme chemical 589:596 arg1 compositions 598:609 The chemical compositions 585:609 The chemical compositions 585:609 The chemical compositions showed that the polysaccharides are of pectic nature. 24914893 5 12 theme complement 729:738 arg1 activities 749:758 the complement fixation activities 725:758 the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts 725:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 0 13 from bark 66:69 arg1 polysaccharides 18:32 fixing polysaccharides 11:32 fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves 11:91 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 1 14 theme 100 230:232 arg1 °C 234:235 °C 234:235 °C 234:235 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 5 15 theme fixation 740:747 arg1 activities 749:758 the complement fixation activities 725:758 the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts 725:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 4 16 theme pectic 650:655 arg1 nature 657:662 pectic nature 650:662 pectic nature 650:662 The chemical compositions showed that the polysaccharides are of pectic nature. 24914893 5 17 theme accelerated 838:848 arg1 system 869:874 the accelerated solvent extraction system 834:874 the accelerated solvent extraction system 834:874 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 3 18 from weight 518:523 arg1 assay 578:582 the complement assay 563:582 the complement assay 563:582 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 8 19 dep yield 1228:1232 arg1 the 1224:1226 the 1224:1226 the 1224:1226 Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. 24914893 9 20 theme bioactive 1442:1450 arg1 polysaccharides 1452:1466 bioactive polysaccharides 1442:1466 bioactive polysaccharides 1442:1466 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 8 21 theme fractions 1256:1264 arg1 activities 1238:1247 activities 1238:1247 activities 1238:1247 Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. 24914893 8 21 theme fractions 1256:1264 arg1 yield 1228:1232 yield 1228:1232 yield 1228:1232 Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. 24914893 5 22 theme plant 801:805 arg1 parts 807:811 the different plant parts 787:811 the different plant parts 787:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 5 23 from parts 807:811 arg1 activities 749:758 the complement fixation activities 725:758 the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts 725:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 5 23 from parts 807:811 arg1 extracts 773:780 the crude extracts 763:780 the crude extracts from the different plant parts 763:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 5 24 from difference 711:720 arg1 extracts 773:780 the crude extracts 763:780 the crude extracts from the different plant parts 763:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 8 25 theme highest 1304:1310 arg1 results 1312:1318 highest results 1304:1318 highest results 1304:1318 Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. 24914893 3 26 theme chemical 526:533 arg1 compositions 535:546 chemical compositions 526:546 chemical compositions 526:546 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 0 27 theme fixing 11:16 arg1 polysaccharides 18:32 fixing polysaccharides 11:32 fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves 11:91 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 6 28 theme polysaccharide 890:903 arg1 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 28 theme polysaccharide 890:903 arg1 fractions 905:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 877:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I 877:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 28 theme polysaccharide 890:903 arg1 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 7 29 theme I 1121:1121 arg1 backbone 1123:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 6 30 theme root 997:1000 arg1 bark 1002:1005 stem and root bark 988:1005 bark 1002:1005 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 31 attach isolated 945:952 arg1 extracts 976:983 the 100 °C water extracts 959:983 the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively 959:1018 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 31 attach isolated 945:952 arg2 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 31 attach isolated 945:952 arg2 fractions 905:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 877:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I 877:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 31 attach isolated 945:952 arg2 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 2 32 theme crude 356:360 arg1 extracts 362:369 those crude extracts 350:369 those crude extracts 350:369 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 6 33 dep fractions 905:913 arg1 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 33 dep fractions 905:913 arg1 fractions 905:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 877:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I 877:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 33 dep fractions 905:913 arg1 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 1 34 theme °C 234:235 arg1 water 237:241 50 °C and 100 °C water 220:241 50 °C and 100 °C water 220:241 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 3 35 theme complement 567:576 arg1 assay 578:582 the complement assay 563:582 the complement assay 563:582 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 7 36 contain have 1092:1095 arg2 backbone 1123:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 7 36 contain have 1092:1095 arg1 fractions 1082:1090 These two fractions 1072:1090 These two fractions 1072:1090 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 5 37 from activities 749:758 arg1 parts 807:811 the different plant parts 787:811 the different plant parts 787:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 5 37 from activities 749:758 arg1 extracts 773:780 the crude extracts 763:780 the crude extracts from the different plant parts 763:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 5 38 theme solvent 850:856 arg1 system 869:874 the accelerated solvent extraction system 834:874 the accelerated solvent extraction system 834:874 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 7 39 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1097:1114 arg1 backbone 1123:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1097:1130 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 2 40 theme anion 377:381 arg1 chromatography 392:405 anion exchange chromatography 377:405 anion exchange chromatography 377:405 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 2 41 theme gel 411:413 arg1 filtration 415:424 gel filtration 411:424 gel filtration 411:424 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 6 42 theme stem 988:991 arg1 bark 1002:1005 stem and root bark 988:1005 bark 1002:1005 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 5 43 theme great 705:709 arg1 difference 711:720 no great difference 702:720 no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts 702:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 6 44 theme purified 881:888 arg1 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 100WTSBH-I-I 915:926 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 44 theme purified 881:888 arg1 fractions 905:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 877:913 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I 877:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 44 theme purified 881:888 arg1 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 100WTRBH-I-I 932:943 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 1 45 theme root 98:101 arg1 bark 103:106 The root bark 94:106 The root bark 94:106 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 3 46 theme native 457:462 arg1 extracts 464:471 their native extracts 451:471 their native extracts 451:471 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 0 47 theme macroptera 50:59 arg1 bark 66:69 Terminalia macroptera root bark 39:69 Terminalia macroptera root bark 39:69 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 0 48 from bark 77:80 arg1 polysaccharides 18:32 fixing polysaccharides 11:32 fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves 11:91 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 2 49 theme exchange 383:390 arg1 chromatography 392:405 anion exchange chromatography 377:405 anion exchange chromatography 377:405 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 0 50 theme Terminalia 39:48 arg1 bark 66:69 Terminalia macroptera root bark 39:69 Terminalia macroptera root bark 39:69 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 1 51 theme accelerated 252:262 arg1 extractor 272:280 an accelerated solvent extractor 249:280 an accelerated solvent extractor 249:280 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 7 52 theme arabinogalactan 1184:1198 arg1 type 1200:1203 arabinogalactan type I 1184:1205 arabinogalactan type I 1184:1205 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 7 53 theme type 1200:1203 arg1 chains 1169:1174 side chains 1164:1174 side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II 1164:1212 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 5 54 theme extraction 858:867 arg1 system 869:874 the accelerated solvent extraction system 834:874 the accelerated solvent extraction system 834:874 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 1 55 theme 50 197:198 arg1 % 199:199 % 199:199 % 199:199 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 5 56 theme different 791:799 arg1 parts 807:811 the different plant parts 787:811 the different plant parts 787:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 1 57 theme solvent 264:270 arg1 extractor 272:280 an accelerated solvent extractor 249:280 an accelerated solvent extractor 249:280 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 2 58 theme polysaccharide 306:319 arg1 fractions 321:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions 283:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions 283:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 0 59 theme root 61:64 arg1 bark 66:69 Terminalia macroptera root bark 39:69 Terminalia macroptera root bark 39:69 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 6 60 theme °C 967:968 arg1 extracts 976:983 the 100 °C water extracts 959:983 the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively 959:1018 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 9 61 from sources 1409:1415 arg1 total 1373:1377 total 1373:1377 total 1373:1377 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 2 62 theme purified 297:304 arg1 fractions 321:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions 283:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions 283:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 3 63 from effects 552:558 arg1 assay 578:582 the complement assay 563:582 the complement assay 563:582 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 5 64 from extracts 773:780 arg1 difference 711:720 no great difference 702:720 no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts 702:811 The results indicated that there was no great difference of the complement fixation activities in the crude extracts from the different plant parts when extracting with the accelerated solvent extraction system. 24914893 6 65 theme complement 1040:1049 arg1 activities 1060:1069 the highest complement fixation activities 1028:1069 the highest complement fixation activities 1028:1069 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 1 66 theme stem 109:112 arg1 bark 114:117 stem bark 109:117 stem bark 109:117 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 1 67 theme % 199:199 arg1 ethanol-water 201:213 50% ethanol-water 197:213 50% ethanol-water 197:213 The root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were sequentially extracted with ethanol, 50% ethanol-water, and 50 °C and 100 °C water using an accelerated solvent extractor. 24914893 8 68 theme stem 1355:1358 arg1 bark 1360:1363 stem bark 1355:1363 stem bark 1355:1363 Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. 24914893 9 69 theme good 1404:1407 arg1 materials 1390:1398 all plant materials 1380:1398 all plant materials 1380:1398 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 9 69 theme good 1404:1407 arg1 sources 1409:1415 good sources 1404:1415 good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 1404:1466 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 9 70 theme plant 1384:1388 arg1 materials 1390:1398 all plant materials 1380:1398 all plant materials 1380:1398 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 9 70 theme plant 1384:1388 arg1 sources 1409:1415 good sources 1404:1415 good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 1404:1466 But in total, all plant materials are good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24914893 2 71 theme bioactive 287:295 arg1 fractions 321:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions 283:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions 283:329 Ten bioactive purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained from those crude extracts after anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24914893 0 72 theme stem 72:75 arg1 bark 77:80 stem bark 72:80 stem bark 72:80 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 0 73 from leaves 86:91 arg1 polysaccharides 18:32 fixing polysaccharides 11:32 fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves 11:91 Complement fixing polysaccharides from Terminalia macroptera root bark, stem bark and leaves. 24914893 8 74 theme root 1289:1292 arg1 bark 1294:1297 the root bark 1285:1297 the root bark 1285:1297 Based on the yield and activities of the fractions studied those from the root bark gave highest results, followed by those from leaves and stem bark. 24914893 3 75 theme molecular 508:516 arg1 weight 518:523 molecular weight 508:523 molecular weight 508:523 The polysaccharides and their native extracts were characterized with respect to molecular weight, chemical compositions and effects in the complement assay. 24914893 6 76 theme highest 1032:1038 arg1 activities 1060:1069 the highest complement fixation activities 1028:1069 the highest complement fixation activities 1028:1069 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 6 77 theme fixation 1051:1058 arg1 activities 1060:1069 the highest complement fixation activities 1028:1069 the highest complement fixation activities 1028:1069 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24914893 7 78 theme II 1211:1212 arg1 chains 1169:1174 side chains 1164:1174 side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II 1164:1212 These two fractions have rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone, but only 100WTSBH-I-I contains side chains of both arabinogalactan type I and II. 24914893 6 79 theme water 970:974 arg1 extracts 976:983 the 100 °C water extracts 959:983 the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively 959:1018 The purified polysaccharide fractions 100WTSBH-I-I and 100WTRBH-I-I isolated from the 100 °C water extracts of stem and root bark respectively, showed the highest complement fixation activities. 24585882 10 0 theme metabolic 1468:1476 arg1 imbalance 1478:1486 metabolic imbalance 1468:1486 metabolic imbalance 1468:1486 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 7 1 from mutant 1028:1033 arg1 exacerbated 1004:1014 exacerbated 1004:1014 exacerbated 1004:1014 All observed phenotypes were shared between the two mutants and exacerbated in a double mutant. 24585882 11 2 from lack 1680:1683 arg1 models 1723:1728 animal models 1716:1728 animal models 1716:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 10 3 theme aberrant 1438:1445 arg1 growth 1457:1462 aberrant cell wall growth 1438:1462 aberrant cell wall growth 1438:1462 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 1 4 theme important 145:153 arg1 pathogen 155:162 an important pathogen 142:162 an important pathogen 142:162 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 8 5 from role 1054:1057 arg1 synthesis 1077:1085 surface glycan synthesis 1062:1085 surface glycan synthesis 1062:1085 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 8 6 theme glycan 1070:1075 arg1 synthesis 1077:1085 surface glycan synthesis 1062:1085 surface glycan synthesis 1062:1085 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 0 7 from proteins 4:11 arg1 neoformans 29:38 Cryptococcus neoformans 16:38 Cryptococcus neoformans 16:38 Pbx proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans cell wall remodeling and capsule assembly. 24585882 11 8 from models 1723:1728 arg1 lack 1680:1683 the lack 1676:1683 the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models 1676:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 5 9 attach attached 753:760 arg2 present 698:704 present 698:704 present 698:704 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 9 attach attached 753:760 arg1 wall 774:777 the cell wall 765:777 the cell wall 765:777 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 9 attach attached 753:760 arg2 fibers 625:630 the capsule fibers 613:630 the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 613:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 1 10 theme pathogen 155:162 arg1 factor 132:137 a critical virulence factor 111:137 a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen 111:162 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 1 10 theme pathogen 155:162 arg1 capsule 100:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 9 11 theme cell 1332:1335 arg1 morphology 1337:1346 normal cell morphology 1325:1346 normal cell morphology 1325:1346 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 5 12 theme capsule-inducing 665:680 arg1 conditions 682:691 capsule-inducing conditions 665:691 capsule-inducing conditions 665:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 11 13 theme mutants 1705:1711 arg1 virulence 1688:1696 virulence 1688:1696 virulence of pbx mutants in animal models 1688:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 8 14 with Consistent 1036:1045 arg1 role 1054:1057 a role 1052:1057 a role in surface glycan synthesis 1052:1085 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 6 15 theme cell 924:927 arg1 integrity 929:937 altered cell integrity 916:937 altered cell integrity 916:937 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 11 16 theme surface 1590:1596 arg1 changes 1598:1604 The surface changes 1586:1604 The surface changes 1586:1604 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 3 17 theme shed 465:468 arg1 material 470:477 the shed material 461:477 the shed material 461:477 Nuclear magnetic resonance, composition, and physical analyses showed that the shed material was of normal mass but was slightly enriched in xylose. 24585882 6 18 theme altered 916:922 arg1 integrity 929:937 altered cell integrity 916:937 altered cell integrity 916:937 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 9 19 theme synthetic 1392:1400 arg1 processes 1402:1410 other glycan synthetic processes 1379:1410 other glycan synthetic processes 1379:1410 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 3 20 theme normal 486:491 arg1 mass 493:496 normal mass 486:496 normal mass 486:496 Nuclear magnetic resonance, composition, and physical analyses showed that the shed material was of normal mass but was slightly enriched in xylose. 24585882 2 21 theme capsule 336:342 arg1 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 21 theme capsule 336:342 arg1 glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan 332:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) 332:383 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 22 theme glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 arg1 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 22 theme glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 arg1 glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan 332:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) 332:383 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 22 theme glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 arg1 amounts 321:327 reduced amounts 313:327 reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) 313:383 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 8 23 theme Pbx 1092:1094 arg1 proteins 1096:1103 the Pbx proteins 1088:1103 the Pbx proteins 1088:1103 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 9 24 theme normal 1325:1330 arg1 morphology 1337:1346 normal cell morphology 1325:1346 normal cell morphology 1325:1346 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 6 25 theme cell 787:790 arg1 walls 792:796 Mutant cell walls 780:796 Mutant cell walls 780:796 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 10 26 theme capsule 1525:1531 arg1 synthesis 1533:1541 capsule synthesis 1525:1541 capsule synthesis 1525:1541 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 2 27 theme polysaccharide 344:357 arg1 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 27 theme polysaccharide 344:357 arg1 glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan 332:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) 332:383 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 9 28 from motifs 1198:1203 arg1 proteins 1216:1223 the Pbx proteins 1208:1223 the Pbx proteins 1208:1223 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 8 29 theme surface 1062:1068 arg1 synthesis 1077:1085 surface glycan synthesis 1062:1085 surface glycan synthesis 1062:1085 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 10 30 theme wall 1452:1455 arg1 growth 1457:1462 aberrant cell wall growth 1438:1462 aberrant cell wall growth 1438:1462 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 3 31 theme Nuclear 386:392 arg1 resonance 403:411 Nuclear magnetic resonance 386:411 Nuclear magnetic resonance 386:411 Nuclear magnetic resonance, composition, and physical analyses showed that the shed material was of normal mass but was slightly enriched in xylose. 24585882 0 32 theme Pbx 0:2 arg1 proteins 4:11 Pbx proteins 0:11 Pbx proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans 0:38 Pbx proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans cell wall remodeling and capsule assembly. 24585882 11 33 theme animal 1716:1721 arg1 models 1723:1728 animal models 1716:1728 animal models 1716:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 7 34 theme double 1021:1026 arg1 mutant 1028:1033 a double mutant 1019:1033 a double mutant 1019:1033 All observed phenotypes were shared between the two mutants and exacerbated in a double mutant. 24585882 1 35 theme cryptococcal 87:98 arg1 factor 132:137 a critical virulence factor 111:137 a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen 111:162 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 1 35 theme cryptococcal 87:98 arg1 capsule 100:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 3 36 theme magnetic 394:401 arg1 resonance 403:411 Nuclear magnetic resonance 386:411 Nuclear magnetic resonance 386:411 Nuclear magnetic resonance, composition, and physical analyses showed that the shed material was of normal mass but was slightly enriched in xylose. 24585882 0 37 theme Cryptococcus 16:27 arg1 neoformans 29:38 Cryptococcus neoformans 16:38 Cryptococcus neoformans 16:38 Pbx proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans cell wall remodeling and capsule assembly. 24585882 9 38 theme redundant 1257:1265 arg1 proteins 1267:1274 redundant proteins 1257:1274 redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes 1257:1410 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 9 38 theme redundant 1257:1265 arg1 Pbx1 1239:1242 Pbx1 1239:1242 Pbx1 1239:1242 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 9 38 theme redundant 1257:1265 arg1 Pbx2 1248:1251 Pbx2 1248:1251 Pbx2 1248:1251 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 5 39 theme mutant 640:645 arg1 cells 647:651 pbxΔ mutant cells 635:651 pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 635:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 10 40 theme capsule 1565:1571 arg1 association 1573:1583 capsule association 1565:1583 capsule association 1565:1583 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 11 41 theme virulence 1688:1696 arg1 lack 1680:1683 the lack 1676:1683 the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models 1676:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 5 42 theme cell 769:772 arg1 wall 774:777 the cell wall 765:777 the cell wall 765:777 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 8 43 theme detergent-resistant 1118:1136 arg1 domains 1147:1153 detergent-resistant membrane domains 1118:1153 detergent-resistant membrane domains 1118:1153 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 6 44 theme Mutant 780:785 arg1 walls 792:796 Mutant cell walls 780:796 Mutant cell walls 780:796 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 5 45 theme cells 647:651 arg1 present 698:704 present 698:704 present 698:704 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 45 theme cells 647:651 arg1 fibers 625:630 the capsule fibers 613:630 the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 613:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 11 46 theme increased 1619:1627 arg1 engulfment 1629:1638 increased engulfment 1619:1638 increased engulfment by host phagocytes 1619:1657 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 3 47 theme physical 431:438 arg1 analyses 440:447 physical analyses 431:447 physical analyses 431:447 Nuclear magnetic resonance, composition, and physical analyses showed that the shed material was of normal mass but was slightly enriched in xylose. 24585882 5 48 theme usual 722:726 arg1 density 728:734 usual density 722:734 usual density 722:734 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 6 49 theme mating 890:895 arg1 filamentation 897:909 reduced mating filamentation 882:909 reduced mating filamentation 882:909 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 9 50 theme other 1379:1383 arg1 processes 1402:1410 other glycan synthetic processes 1379:1410 other glycan synthetic processes 1379:1410 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 9 51 theme precursor 1352:1360 arg1 availability 1362:1373 precursor availability 1352:1373 precursor availability 1352:1373 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 6 52 theme reduced 882:888 arg1 filamentation 897:909 reduced mating filamentation 882:909 reduced mating filamentation 882:909 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 11 53 theme pbx 1701:1703 arg1 mutants 1705:1711 pbx mutants 1701:1711 pbx mutants 1701:1711 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 8 54 theme membrane 1138:1145 arg1 domains 1147:1153 detergent-resistant membrane domains 1118:1153 detergent-resistant membrane domains 1118:1153 Consistent with a role in surface glycan synthesis, the Pbx proteins localized to detergent-resistant membrane domains. 24585882 10 55 theme cell 1544:1547 arg1 morphology 1549:1558 cell morphology 1544:1558 cell morphology 1544:1558 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 10 56 theme cell 1511:1514 arg1 wall 1516:1519 cell wall 1511:1519 cell wall 1511:1519 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 5 57 theme capsule 617:623 arg1 present 698:704 present 698:704 present 698:704 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 57 theme capsule 617:623 arg1 fibers 625:630 the capsule fibers 613:630 the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 613:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 4 58 contain contained 582:590 arg1 material 573:580 this material 568:580 this material 568:580 In contrast to previous reports, this material contained no glucose. 24585882 4 58 contain contained 582:590 arg2 glucose 595:601 no glucose 592:601 no glucose 592:601 In contrast to previous reports, this material contained no glucose. 24585882 0 59 theme wall 45:48 arg1 remodeling 50:59 wall remodeling 45:59 wall remodeling 45:59 Pbx proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans cell wall remodeling and capsule assembly. 24585882 9 60 theme sequence 1189:1196 arg1 motifs 1198:1203 the sequence motifs 1185:1203 the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins 1185:1223 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 9 61 theme Pbx 1212:1214 arg1 proteins 1216:1223 the Pbx proteins 1208:1223 the Pbx proteins 1208:1223 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 5 62 from lower 711:715 arg1 present 698:704 present 698:704 present 698:704 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 62 from lower 711:715 arg1 fibers 625:630 the capsule fibers 613:630 the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 613:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 1 63 theme critical 113:120 arg1 factor 132:137 a critical virulence factor 111:137 a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen 111:162 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 1 63 theme critical 113:120 arg1 capsule 100:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 6 64 theme cell 865:868 arg1 morphology 870:879 abnormal cell morphology 856:879 abnormal cell morphology 856:879 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 10 65 theme cell 1447:1450 arg1 growth 1457:1462 aberrant cell wall growth 1438:1462 aberrant cell wall growth 1438:1462 Their absence results in aberrant cell wall growth and metabolic imbalance, which together impact cell wall and capsule synthesis, cell morphology, and capsule association. 24585882 7 66 theme observed 944:951 arg1 phenotypes 953:962 All observed phenotypes 940:962 All observed phenotypes 940:962 All observed phenotypes were shared between the two mutants and exacerbated in a double mutant. 24585882 1 67 theme virulence 122:130 arg1 factor 132:137 a critical virulence factor 111:137 a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen 111:162 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 1 67 theme virulence 122:130 arg1 capsule 100:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule 83:106 The cryptococcal capsule is a critical virulence factor of an important pathogen, but little is known about how it is associated with the cell or released into the environment. 24585882 5 68 located present 698:704 arg2 present 698:704 present 698:704 present 698:704 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 68 located present 698:704 arg1 lower 711:715 lower 711:715 lower 711:715 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 68 located present 698:704 arg2 fibers 625:630 the capsule fibers 613:630 the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 613:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 9 69 theme cell 1303:1306 arg1 wall 1308:1311 the cell wall 1299:1311 the cell wall 1299:1311 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 5 70 theme pbxΔ 635:638 arg1 cells 647:651 pbxΔ mutant cells 635:651 pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 635:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 4 71 dep reports 559:565 arg1 contrast 538:545 contrast 538:545 contrast 538:545 In contrast to previous reports, this material contained no glucose. 24585882 11 72 with consistent 1660:1669 arg1 lack 1680:1683 the lack 1676:1683 the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models 1676:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 4 73 theme previous 550:557 arg1 reports 559:565 previous reports 550:565 previous reports 550:565 In contrast to previous reports, this material contained no glucose. 24585882 0 74 theme capsule 65:71 arg1 assembly 73:80 capsule assembly 65:80 capsule assembly 65:80 Pbx proteins in Cryptococcus neoformans cell wall remodeling and capsule assembly. 24585882 11 75 theme host 1643:1646 arg1 phagocytes 1648:1657 host phagocytes 1643:1657 host phagocytes 1643:1657 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 24585882 9 76 theme glycan 1385:1390 arg1 processes 1402:1410 other glycan synthetic processes 1379:1410 other glycan synthetic processes 1379:1410 These results, together with the sequence motifs in the Pbx proteins, suggest that Pbx1 and Pbx2 are redundant proteins that act in remodeling the cell wall to maintain normal cell morphology and precursor availability for other glycan synthetic processes. 24585882 2 77 theme reduced 313:319 arg1 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 GXM 380:382 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 77 theme reduced 313:319 arg1 glucuronoxylomannan 359:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan 332:377 the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) 332:383 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 2 77 theme reduced 313:319 arg1 amounts 321:327 reduced amounts 313:327 reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) 313:383 Two mutants lacking PBX1 and PBX2 were found to shed reduced amounts of the capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM). 24585882 7 78 from exacerbated 1004:1014 arg1 mutant 1028:1033 a double mutant 1019:1033 a double mutant 1019:1033 All observed phenotypes were shared between the two mutants and exacerbated in a double mutant. 24585882 6 79 theme abnormal 856:863 arg1 morphology 870:879 abnormal cell morphology 856:879 abnormal cell morphology 856:879 Mutant cell walls were also defective, as indicated by phenotypes including abnormal cell morphology, reduced mating filamentation, and altered cell integrity. 24585882 5 80 attach present 698:704 arg2 present 698:704 present 698:704 present 698:704 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 80 attach present 698:704 arg1 lower 711:715 lower 711:715 lower 711:715 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 5 80 attach present 698:704 arg2 fibers 625:630 the capsule fibers 613:630 the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions 613:691 Notably, the capsule fibers of pbxΔ mutant cells grown under capsule-inducing conditions were present at a lower than usual density and were loosely attached to the cell wall. 24585882 11 81 from virulence 1688:1696 arg1 models 1723:1728 animal models 1716:1728 animal models 1716:1728 The surface changes also lead to increased engulfment by host phagocytes, consistent with the lack of virulence of pbx mutants in animal models. 27910774 1 0 theme mycelia 360:366 arg1 culture 329:335 submerged culture 319:335 submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) 319:371 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 0 theme mycelia 360:366 arg1 no. 299:301 CGMCC no. 50095 293:307 CGMCC no. 50095 293:307 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 0 theme mycelia 360:366 arg1 P1 311:312 P1 311:312 P1 311:312 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 0 theme mycelia 360:366 arg1 igniarius 282:290 Phellinus igniarius 272:290 Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) 272:313 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 4 1 theme high 703:706 arg1 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 1 theme high 703:706 arg1 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 1 theme high 703:706 arg1 amounts 628:634 The amounts 624:634 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 624:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 1 theme high 703:706 arg1 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 1 theme high 703:706 arg1 times 694:698 1.96-3.42 times 684:698 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2 684:721 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 1 theme high 703:706 arg1 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 9 2 theme different 1395:1403 arg1 weights 1415:1421 2 different molecular weights 1393:1421 2 different molecular weights 1393:1421 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 6 3 theme higher 1012:1017 arg1 values 1019:1024 considerably higher values 999:1024 considerably higher values 999:1024 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 6 3 theme higher 1012:1017 arg1 which 989:993 which 989:993 which 989:993 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 4 4 from sodium 743:748 arg1 P2 768:769 P2 768:769 P2 768:769 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 6 5 dep those 1031:1035 arg1 % 1048:1048 7.72% 1044:1048 7.72% 1044:1048 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 6 5 dep those 1031:1035 arg1 % 1058:1058 6.88% 1054:1058 6.88% 1054:1058 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 10 6 from polysaccharides 1430:1444 arg1 P1 1449:1450 P1 1449:1450 P1 (93.78%) 1449:1459 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 10 6 from polysaccharides 1430:1444 arg1 % 1458:1458 93.78% 1453:1458 93.78% 1453:1458 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 4 7 from magnesium 755:763 arg1 P2 768:769 P2 768:769 P2 768:769 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 9 8 theme molecular 1405:1413 arg1 weights 1415:1421 2 different molecular weights 1393:1421 2 different molecular weights 1393:1421 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 6 9 theme total 921:925 arg1 triterpenoids 927:939 total triterpenoids 921:939 total triterpenoids 921:939 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 7 10 located detected 1099:1106 arg1 polysaccharide 1121:1134 the crude polysaccharide 1111:1134 the crude polysaccharide of P2 1111:1140 Galactosamine was only detected in the crude polysaccharide of P2. 27910774 7 10 located detected 1099:1106 arg2 Galactosamine 1076:1088 Galactosamine 1076:1088 Galactosamine 1076:1088 Galactosamine was only detected in the crude polysaccharide of P2. 27910774 6 11 theme polysaccharides 901:915 arg1 levels 891:896 The levels 887:896 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI 887:945 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 1 12 from igniarius 282:290 arg1 compositions 203:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 12 from igniarius 282:290 arg1 ingredients 230:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 10 13 theme main 1511:1514 arg1 polysaccharides 1516:1530 the main polysaccharides 1507:1530 the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) 1507:1545 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 1 14 theme bioactive 220:228 arg1 ingredients 230:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 4 15 from copper 651:656 arg1 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 0 16 theme Phellinus 156:164 arg1 Agaricomycetes 177:190 Agaricomycetes 177:190 Agaricomycetes 177:190 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 16 theme Phellinus 156:164 arg1 Mushroom 146:153 Medicinal Mushroom 136:153 Medicinal Mushroom 136:153 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 16 theme Phellinus 156:164 arg1 igniarius 166:174 Phellinus igniarius 156:174 Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes) 156:191 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 4 17 from zinc 645:648 arg1 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 2 18 theme major 456:460 arg1 acid 468:471 a major amino acid 454:471 a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) 454:485 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 2 18 theme major 456:460 arg1 acid 433:436 glutamic acid 424:436 glutamic acid 424:436 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 4 19 from iron 639:642 arg1 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 0 20 theme Bodies 76:81 arg1 Composition 27:37 Chemical Composition 18:37 Chemical Composition 18:37 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 20 theme Bodies 76:81 arg1 Components 53:62 Bioactive Components 43:62 Bioactive Components 43:62 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 4 21 from amounts 628:634 arg1 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 0 22 theme Submerged 87:95 arg1 Mycelia 106:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia 87:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow 87:126 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 1 23 theme Ph. 340:342 arg1 P2 369:370 P2 369:370 P2 369:370 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 23 theme Ph. 340:342 arg1 mycelia 360:366 Ph. igniarius dried mycelia 340:366 Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) 340:371 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 9 24 theme P2 1264:1265 arg1 polysaccharide 1246:1259 Crude polysaccharide 1240:1259 Crude polysaccharide of P2 1240:1265 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 9 25 from polysaccharide 1348:1361 arg1 P1 1366:1367 P1 1366:1367 P1 1366:1367 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 1 26 theme dried 354:358 arg1 P2 369:370 P2 369:370 P2 369:370 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 26 theme dried 354:358 arg1 mycelia 360:366 Ph. igniarius dried mycelia 340:366 Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) 340:371 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 4 27 theme zinc 645:648 arg1 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 27 theme zinc 645:648 arg1 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 27 theme zinc 645:648 arg1 amounts 628:634 The amounts 624:634 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 624:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 27 theme zinc 645:648 arg1 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 27 theme zinc 645:648 arg1 times 694:698 1.96-3.42 times 684:698 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2 684:721 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 27 theme zinc 645:648 arg1 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 11 28 theme cultured 1615:1622 arg1 mycelia 1624:1630 submerged cultured mycelia 1605:1630 submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies 1605:1685 The results indicated that submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies can be used in medicinal applications. 27910774 3 29 theme amino 557:561 arg1 acids 563:567 Total amino acids 551:567 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) 551:581 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) were slightly higher than in P2 (4.09%). 27910774 4 30 theme copper 651:656 arg1 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 30 theme copper 651:656 arg1 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 30 theme copper 651:656 arg1 amounts 628:634 The amounts 624:634 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 624:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 30 theme copper 651:656 arg1 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 30 theme copper 651:656 arg1 times 694:698 1.96-3.42 times 684:698 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2 684:721 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 30 theme copper 651:656 arg1 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 0 31 theme Composition 27:37 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies 0:81 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 31 theme Composition 27:37 arg1 Mycelia 106:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia 87:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow 87:126 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 9 32 theme molecular 1319:1327 arg1 weights 1329:1335 different molecular weights 1309:1335 different molecular weights 1309:1335 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 2 33 theme glutamic 424:431 arg1 acid 468:471 a major amino acid 454:471 a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) 454:485 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 2 33 theme glutamic 424:431 arg1 acid 433:436 glutamic acid 424:436 glutamic acid 424:436 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 0 34 theme Bioactive 43:51 arg1 Components 53:62 Bioactive Components 43:62 Bioactive Components 43:62 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 4 35 from times 793:797 arg1 P1 813:814 P1 813:814 P1 813:814 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 0 36 dep Composition 27:37 arg1 the 14:16 the 14:16 the 14:16 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 4 37 theme iron 639:642 arg1 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 37 theme iron 639:642 arg1 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 37 theme iron 639:642 arg1 amounts 628:634 The amounts 624:634 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 624:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 37 theme iron 639:642 arg1 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 37 theme iron 639:642 arg1 times 694:698 1.96-3.42 times 684:698 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2 684:721 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 37 theme iron 639:642 arg1 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 10 38 theme Major 1424:1428 arg1 polysaccharides 1430:1444 Major polysaccharides 1424:1444 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) 1424:1459 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 6 39 theme triterpenoids 927:939 arg1 levels 891:896 The levels 887:896 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI 887:945 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 9 40 theme crude 1342:1346 arg1 polysaccharide 1348:1361 crude polysaccharide 1342:1361 crude polysaccharide in P1 1342:1367 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 3 41 from acids 563:567 arg1 P1 572:573 P1 572:573 P1 (5.36%) 572:581 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) were slightly higher than in P2 (4.09%). 27910774 3 41 from acids 563:567 arg1 % 580:580 5.36% 576:580 5.36% 576:580 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) were slightly higher than in P2 (4.09%). 27910774 8 42 theme Other 1143:1147 arg1 monosaccharides 1149:1163 Other monosaccharides 1143:1163 Other monosaccharides 1143:1163 Other monosaccharides, except for galactose, were significantly different between the 2 samples. 27910774 1 43 theme dried 245:249 arg1 bodies 260:265 dried fruiting bodies 245:265 dried fruiting bodies 245:265 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 4 44 dep times 694:698 arg1 whereas 724:730 whereas 724:730 whereas 724:730 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 10 45 located found 1552:1556 arg2 polysaccharides 1516:1530 the main polysaccharides 1507:1530 the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) 1507:1545 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 10 45 located found 1552:1556 arg1 Da 1574:1575 about 33,064 Da 1561:1575 about 33,064 Da 1561:1575 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 1 46 theme bodies 260:265 arg1 compositions 203:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 46 theme bodies 260:265 arg1 ingredients 230:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 4 47 dep times 793:797 arg1 lower 799:803 lower 799:803 lower 799:803 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 1 48 theme Phellinus 272:280 arg1 no. 299:301 CGMCC no. 50095 293:307 CGMCC no. 50095 293:307 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 48 theme Phellinus 272:280 arg1 P1 311:312 P1 311:312 P1 311:312 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 48 theme Phellinus 272:280 arg1 igniarius 282:290 Phellinus igniarius 272:290 Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) 272:313 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 7 49 theme crude 1115:1119 arg1 polysaccharide 1121:1134 the crude polysaccharide 1111:1134 the crude polysaccharide of P2 1111:1140 Galactosamine was only detected in the crude polysaccharide of P2. 27910774 4 50 theme manganese 663:671 arg1 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 50 theme manganese 663:671 arg1 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 50 theme manganese 663:671 arg1 amounts 628:634 The amounts 624:634 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 624:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 50 theme manganese 663:671 arg1 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 50 theme manganese 663:671 arg1 times 694:698 1.96-3.42 times 684:698 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2 684:721 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 50 theme manganese 663:671 arg1 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 7 51 theme P2 1139:1140 arg1 polysaccharide 1121:1134 the crude polysaccharide 1111:1134 the crude polysaccharide of P2 1111:1140 Galactosamine was only detected in the crude polysaccharide of P2. 27910774 9 52 with polysaccharides 1288:1302 arg1 weights 1329:1335 different molecular weights 1309:1335 different molecular weights 1309:1335 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 5 53 from mercury 823:829 arg1 P1 847:848 P1 847:848 P1 847:848 Lead, mercury, and cadmium in P1 were significantly lower than in P2. 27910774 0 54 theme Willow 121:126 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies 0:81 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 54 theme Willow 121:126 arg1 Mycelia 106:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia 87:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow 87:126 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 11 55 theme medicinal 1702:1710 arg1 applications 1712:1723 medicinal applications 1702:1723 medicinal applications 1702:1723 The results indicated that submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies can be used in medicinal applications. 27910774 5 56 from Lead 817:820 arg1 P1 847:848 P1 847:848 P1 847:848 Lead, mercury, and cadmium in P1 were significantly lower than in P2. 27910774 1 57 theme Chemical 194:201 arg1 compositions 203:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 11 58 from igniarius 1641:1649 arg1 mycelia 1624:1630 submerged cultured mycelia 1605:1630 submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies 1605:1685 The results indicated that submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies can be used in medicinal applications. 27910774 0 59 theme Medicinal 136:144 arg1 Mushroom 146:153 Medicinal Mushroom 136:153 Medicinal Mushroom 136:153 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 59 theme Medicinal 136:144 arg1 igniarius 166:174 Phellinus igniarius 156:174 Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes) 156:191 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 4 60 from potassium 732:740 arg1 P2 768:769 P2 768:769 P2 768:769 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 2 61 dep higher 519:524 arg1 % 547:547 0.47% 543:547 0.47% 543:547 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 2 62 from acid 468:471 arg1 % 484:484 1.20% 480:484 1.20% 480:484 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 2 62 from acid 468:471 arg1 P1 476:477 P1 476:477 P1 (1.20%) 476:485 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 11 63 theme fruiting 1671:1678 arg1 bodies 1680:1685 its fruiting bodies 1667:1685 its fruiting bodies 1667:1685 The results indicated that submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies can be used in medicinal applications. 27910774 0 64 theme Fruiting 67:74 arg1 Bodies 76:81 Fruiting Bodies 67:81 Fruiting Bodies 67:81 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 10 65 theme P2 1535:1536 arg1 polysaccharides 1516:1530 the main polysaccharides 1507:1530 the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) 1507:1545 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 11 66 used used 1694:1697 arg2 mycelia 1624:1630 submerged cultured mycelia 1605:1630 submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies 1605:1685 The results indicated that submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies can be used in medicinal applications. 27910774 1 67 theme submerged 319:327 arg1 culture 329:335 submerged culture 319:335 submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) 319:371 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 9 68 theme Crude 1240:1244 arg1 polysaccharide 1246:1259 Crude polysaccharide 1240:1259 Crude polysaccharide of P2 1240:1265 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 10 69 dep distributed 1466:1476 arg1 whereas 1499:1505 whereas 1499:1505 whereas 1499:1505 Major polysaccharides in P1 (93.78%) were distributed at about 205,212 Da, whereas the main polysaccharides of P2 (65.98%) were found at about 33,064 Da. 27910774 0 70 theme Cultured 97:104 arg1 Mycelia 106:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia 87:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow 87:126 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 5 71 from cadmium 836:842 arg1 P1 847:848 P1 847:848 P1 847:848 Lead, mercury, and cadmium in P1 were significantly lower than in P2. 27910774 4 72 from P1 676:677 arg1 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 manganese 663:671 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 72 from P1 676:677 arg1 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 zinc 645:648 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 72 from P1 676:677 arg1 amounts 628:634 The amounts 624:634 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 624:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 72 from P1 676:677 arg1 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 copper 651:656 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 72 from P1 676:677 arg1 times 694:698 1.96-3.42 times 684:698 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2 684:721 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 4 72 from P1 676:677 arg1 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 iron 639:642 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 2 73 theme amino 462:466 arg1 acid 468:471 a major amino acid 454:471 a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) 454:485 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 2 73 theme amino 462:466 arg1 acid 433:436 glutamic acid 424:436 glutamic acid 424:436 It was found that glutamic acid was regarded as a major amino acid in P1 (1.20%) and was approximately 2.55-fold higher than that in P2 (0.47%). 27910774 4 74 from manganese 663:671 arg1 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 P1 676:677 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 0 75 theme Chemical 18:25 arg1 Composition 27:37 Chemical Composition 18:37 Chemical Composition 18:37 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 1 76 theme CGMCC 293:297 arg1 no. 299:301 CGMCC no. 50095 293:307 CGMCC no. 50095 293:307 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 76 theme CGMCC 293:297 arg1 igniarius 282:290 Phellinus igniarius 272:290 Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) 272:313 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 3 77 theme Total 551:555 arg1 acids 563:567 Total amino acids 551:567 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) 551:581 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) were slightly higher than in P2 (4.09%). 27910774 1 78 from culture 329:335 arg1 compositions 203:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions 194:214 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 1 78 from culture 329:335 arg1 ingredients 230:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 bioactive ingredients 220:240 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 9 79 theme different 1309:1317 arg1 weights 1329:1335 different molecular weights 1309:1335 different molecular weights 1309:1335 Crude polysaccharide of P2 was separated into 4 polysaccharides with different molecular weights, but crude polysaccharide in P1 was distributed between 2 different molecular weights. 27910774 4 80 theme 2.94-6.88 783:791 arg1 times 793:797 times 793:797 times 793:797 The amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in P1 were 1.96-3.42 times as high as those in P2, whereas potassium, sodium, and magnesium in P2 were almost 2.94-6.88 times lower than in P1. 27910774 11 81 theme submerged 1605:1613 arg1 mycelia 1624:1630 submerged cultured mycelia 1605:1630 submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies 1605:1685 The results indicated that submerged cultured mycelia from Ph. igniarius supplemented by its fruiting bodies can be used in medicinal applications. 27910774 0 82 theme Components 53:62 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies 0:81 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 0 82 theme Components 53:62 arg1 Mycelia 106:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia 87:112 Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow 87:126 Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Bioactive Components of Fruiting Bodies and Submerged Cultured Mycelia of the Willow Bracket Medicinal Mushroom, Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes). 27910774 3 83 dep higher 597:602 arg1 % 620:620 4.09% 616:620 4.09% 616:620 Total amino acids in P1 (5.36%) were slightly higher than in P2 (4.09%). 27910774 1 84 dep Ph. 340:342 arg1 igniarius 344:352 igniarius 344:352 igniarius 344:352 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27910774 6 85 from levels 891:896 arg1 PI 944:945 PI 944:945 PI 944:945 The levels of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids in PI amounted to 0.29% and 2.3%, respectively, which are considerably higher values than those in P1 (7.72% and 6.88%, respectively). 27910774 1 86 theme fruiting 251:258 arg1 bodies 260:265 dried fruiting bodies 245:265 dried fruiting bodies 245:265 Chemical compositions and bioactive ingredients of dried fruiting bodies from Phellinus igniarius (CGMCC no. 50095) (P1) and submerged culture of Ph. igniarius dried mycelia (P2) were investigated in this study. 27287383 5 0 theme plentiful 622:630 arg1 GAG 632:634 the most plentiful GAG 613:634 the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes 613:653 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 5 0 theme plentiful 622:630 arg1 HA 606:607 HA 606:607 HA 606:607 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 8 1 theme 2S4SCS-B 906:913 arg1 2S4SCS-B 906:913 2S4SCS-B 906:913 2S4SCS-B 906:913 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 1 theme 2S4SCS-B 906:913 arg1 amounts 895:901 Small amounts 889:901 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B 889:913 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 HS 1103:1104 HS 1103:1104 HS 1103:1104 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg1 membranes 1092:1100 shell membranes 1086:1100 shell membranes 1086:1100 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 amounts 1153:1159 small amounts 1147:1159 NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S 1126:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg1 HS 1103:1104 HS 1103:1104 HS 1103:1104 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 2 contain contained 1106:1114 arg2 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 14 3 theme eggshell 1558:1565 arg1 strength 1567:1574 eggshell strength 1558:1574 eggshell strength 1558:1574 The 4SCS-A content correlated with eggshell strength, and 0SCS-0 correlated with eggshell strength and calcified shell thickness. 27287383 2 4 theme chicken 288:294 arg1 membranes 305:313 chicken eggshell membranes 288:313 chicken eggshell membranes 288:313 GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. 27287383 6 5 theme 0SCS-0 805:810 arg1 disaccharides 812:824 0SCS-0 disaccharides 805:824 0SCS-0 disaccharides 805:824 The CS present, in both membranes and calcified shells, consisted primarily of 6SCS-C, 4SCS-A, and 0SCS-0 disaccharides. 27287383 17 6 theme chicken 1941:1947 arg1 eggshells 1949:1957 chicken eggshells 1941:1957 chicken eggshells 1941:1957 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 2 7 theme calcified 319:327 arg1 shells 329:334 calcified shells 319:334 calcified shells 319:334 GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. 27287383 4 8 theme keratan 473:479 arg1 sulfate 481:487 keratan sulfate 473:487 keratan sulfate (KS) 473:492 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 8 theme keratan 473:479 arg1 groups 440:445 All 4 groups 434:445 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - 434:546 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 8 theme keratan 473:479 arg1 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 8 theme keratan 473:479 arg1 KS 490:491 KS 490:491 KS 490:491 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 15 9 theme calcified 1745:1753 arg1 shells 1755:1760 calcified shells 1745:1760 calcified shells 1745:1760 HS content and its disaccharide composition showed no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells. 27287383 5 10 from abundant 676:683 arg1 shells 698:703 calcified shells 688:703 calcified shells 688:703 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 1 11 theme important 228:236 arg1 role 238:241 an important role 225:241 an important role 225:241 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. 27287383 0 12 from influence 67:75 arg1 eggshells 49:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 0 12 from influence 67:75 arg1 properties 117:126 eggshell properties 108:126 eggshell properties 108:126 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 7 13 from detectable 857:866 arg1 components 877:886 shell components 871:886 shell components 871:886 Neither 4S6SCS-E nor 2SCS was detectable in shell components. 27287383 17 14 theme disaccharide 1869:1880 arg1 composition 1882:1892 disaccharide composition 1869:1892 disaccharide composition 1869:1892 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 10 15 theme small 1147:1151 arg1 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 15 theme small 1147:1151 arg1 amounts 1153:1159 small amounts 1147:1159 NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S 1126:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 15 theme small 1147:1151 arg1 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 15 theme small 1147:1151 arg1 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 15 theme small 1147:1151 arg1 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 12 16 theme shell 1399:1403 arg1 disaccharides 1408:1420 calcified shell CS disaccharides 1389:1420 calcified shell CS disaccharides 1389:1420 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 2 17 attach isolated 274:281 arg1 membranes 305:313 chicken eggshell membranes 288:313 chicken eggshell membranes 288:313 GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. 27287383 2 17 attach isolated 274:281 arg1 shells 329:334 calcified shells 319:334 calcified shells 319:334 GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. 27287383 2 17 attach isolated 274:281 arg2 GAG 265:267 GAG 265:267 GAG 265:267 GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. 27287383 12 18 theme disaccharides 1408:1420 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the composition 1370:1384 the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides 1370:1420 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 12 18 theme disaccharides 1408:1420 arg1 variable 1433:1440 variable 1433:1440 variable 1433:1440 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 3 19 theme compositional 350:362 arg1 analysis 364:371 Disaccharide compositional analysis 337:371 Disaccharide compositional analysis 337:371 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27287383 0 20 from glycosaminoglycans 19:36 arg1 eggshells 49:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 17 21 theme membranes 1903:1911 arg1 content 1857:1863 GAG content 1853:1863 GAG content 1853:1863 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 17 21 theme membranes 1903:1911 arg1 composition 1882:1892 disaccharide composition 1869:1892 disaccharide composition 1869:1892 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 0 22 theme disaccharide 80:91 arg1 composition 93:103 disaccharide composition 80:103 disaccharide composition 80:103 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 3 23 theme chromatography-mass 400:418 arg1 spectrometry 420:431 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 393:431 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 393:431 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27287383 0 24 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 eggshells 49:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 0 24 from Characteristics 0:14 arg1 properties 117:126 eggshell properties 108:126 eggshell properties 108:126 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 6 25 theme calcified 744:752 arg1 shells 754:759 calcified shells 744:759 calcified shells 744:759 The CS present, in both membranes and calcified shells, consisted primarily of 6SCS-C, 4SCS-A, and 0SCS-0 disaccharides. 27287383 16 26 theme shape 1815:1819 arg1 index 1821:1825 egg shape index 1811:1825 egg shape index 1811:1825 In calcified shells, only HS 6S correlated with egg shape index. 27287383 13 27 theme shape 1510:1514 arg1 index 1516:1520 egg shape index 1506:1520 egg shape index 1506:1520 In membranes, both HA and KS content showed a correlation with egg shape index. 27287383 11 28 theme shell 1311:1315 arg1 HS 1317:1318 membrane and calcified shell HS 1288:1318 HS 1317:1318 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 7 29 theme shell 871:875 arg1 components 877:886 shell components 871:886 shell components 871:886 Neither 4S6SCS-E nor 2SCS was detectable in shell components. 27287383 4 30 theme chondroitin 495:505 arg1 CS 516:517 CS 516:517 CS 516:517 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 30 theme chondroitin 495:505 arg1 sulfate 507:513 chondroitin sulfate 495:513 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 495:518 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 30 theme chondroitin 495:505 arg1 groups 440:445 All 4 groups 434:445 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - 434:546 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 30 theme chondroitin 495:505 arg1 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 0 31 theme glycosaminoglycans 19:36 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells 0:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 0 31 theme glycosaminoglycans 19:36 arg1 influence 67:75 the influence 63:75 the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties 63:126 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 11 32 from eggshells 1346:1354 arg1 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 11 32 from eggshells 1346:1354 arg1 composition 1249:1259 The disaccharide composition 1232:1259 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, 1232:1319 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 amounts 1153:1159 small amounts 1147:1159 NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S 1126:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 33 theme 6S 1188:1189 arg1 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 0 34 theme chicken 41:47 arg1 eggshells 49:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 chicken eggshells 41:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 5 35 from GAG 632:634 arg1 membranes 645:653 shell membranes 639:653 shell membranes 639:653 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 14 36 theme shell 1636:1640 arg1 thickness 1642:1650 calcified shell thickness 1626:1650 calcified shell thickness 1626:1650 The 4SCS-A content correlated with eggshell strength, and 0SCS-0 correlated with eggshell strength and calcified shell thickness. 27287383 6 37 theme CS 710:711 arg1 present 713:719 The CS present 706:719 The CS present 706:719 The CS present, in both membranes and calcified shells, consisted primarily of 6SCS-C, 4SCS-A, and 0SCS-0 disaccharides. 27287383 13 38 theme egg 1506:1508 arg1 index 1516:1520 egg shape index 1506:1520 egg shape index 1506:1520 In membranes, both HA and KS content showed a correlation with egg shape index. 27287383 16 39 theme only 1784:1787 arg1 6S 1792:1793 only HS 6S 1784:1793 only HS 6S 1784:1793 In calcified shells, only HS 6S correlated with egg shape index. 27287383 9 40 from HS 1015:1016 arg1 shells 1031:1036 calcified shells 1021:1036 calcified shells 1021:1036 HS in calcified shells contained all disaccharides except for 2S6S. 27287383 14 41 theme eggshell 1604:1611 arg1 strength 1613:1620 eggshell strength 1604:1620 eggshell strength 1604:1620 The 4SCS-A content correlated with eggshell strength, and 0SCS-0 correlated with eggshell strength and calcified shell thickness. 27287383 8 42 theme Small 889:893 arg1 2S4SCS-B 906:913 2S4SCS-B 906:913 2S4SCS-B 906:913 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 42 theme Small 889:893 arg1 amounts 895:901 Small amounts 889:901 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B 889:913 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 1 43 theme linear 158:163 arg1 polysaccharides 192:206 linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides 158:206 linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization 158:262 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. 27287383 1 43 theme linear 158:163 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 129:146 Glycosaminoglycans 129:146 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) 129:152 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. 27287383 15 44 theme apparent 1707:1714 arg1 correlation 1716:1726 no apparent correlation 1704:1726 no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells 1704:1760 HS content and its disaccharide composition showed no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells. 27287383 14 45 theme calcified 1626:1634 arg1 thickness 1642:1650 calcified shell thickness 1626:1650 calcified shell thickness 1626:1650 The 4SCS-A content correlated with eggshell strength, and 0SCS-0 correlated with eggshell strength and calcified shell thickness. 27287383 4 46 theme GAG 450:452 arg1 groups 440:445 All 4 groups 434:445 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - 434:546 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 46 theme GAG 450:452 arg1 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 46 theme GAG 450:452 arg1 sulfate 507:513 chondroitin sulfate 495:513 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 495:518 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 46 theme GAG 450:452 arg1 hyaluronan 456:465 hyaluronan 456:465 hyaluronan (HA) 456:470 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 46 theme GAG 450:452 arg1 sulfate 533:539 heparan sulfate 525:539 heparan sulfate (HS) 525:544 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 46 theme GAG 450:452 arg1 sulfate 481:487 keratan sulfate 473:487 keratan sulfate (KS) 473:492 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 15 47 theme disaccharide 1672:1683 arg1 composition 1685:1695 its disaccharide composition 1668:1695 its disaccharide composition 1668:1695 HS content and its disaccharide composition showed no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells. 27287383 4 48 theme shell 565:569 arg1 membranes 571:579 shell membranes 565:579 shell membranes 565:579 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 2 49 theme eggshell 296:303 arg1 membranes 305:313 chicken eggshell membranes 288:313 chicken eggshell membranes 288:313 GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. 27287383 17 50 theme GAG 1853:1855 arg1 content 1857:1863 GAG content 1853:1863 GAG content 1853:1863 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 12 51 from contrast 1360:1367 arg1 variable 1433:1440 variable 1433:1440 variable 1433:1440 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 12 51 from contrast 1360:1367 arg1 composition 1374:1384 the composition 1370:1384 the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides 1370:1420 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 15 52 theme shells 1755:1760 arg1 properties 1731:1740 properties 1731:1740 properties of calcified shells 1731:1760 HS content and its disaccharide composition showed no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells. 27287383 8 53 located detected 985:992 arg1 shells 1007:1012 calcified shells 997:1012 calcified shells 997:1012 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 53 located detected 985:992 arg2 2S6SCS-D 971:978 2S6SCS-D 971:978 2S6SCS-D 971:978 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 53 located detected 985:992 arg2 2S4SCS-B 958:965 2S4SCS-B 958:965 2S4SCS-B 958:965 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 5 54 from shells 698:703 arg1 abundant 676:683 abundant 676:683 abundant 676:683 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 5 54 from shells 698:703 arg1 CS 660:661 CS 660:661 CS 660:661 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 16 55 theme calcified 1766:1774 arg1 shells 1776:1781 calcified shells 1766:1781 calcified shells 1766:1781 In calcified shells, only HS 6S correlated with egg shape index. 27287383 13 56 with correlation 1489:1499 arg1 index 1516:1520 egg shape index 1506:1520 egg shape index 1506:1520 In membranes, both HA and KS content showed a correlation with egg shape index. 27287383 5 57 theme shell 639:643 arg1 membranes 645:653 shell membranes 639:653 shell membranes 639:653 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 14 58 theme 4SCS-A 1527:1532 arg1 content 1534:1540 The 4SCS-A content 1523:1540 The 4SCS-A content 1523:1540 The 4SCS-A content correlated with eggshell strength, and 0SCS-0 correlated with eggshell strength and calcified shell thickness. 27287383 3 59 theme Disaccharide 337:348 arg1 analysis 364:371 Disaccharide compositional analysis 337:371 Disaccharide compositional analysis 337:371 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27287383 15 60 theme HS 1653:1654 arg1 content 1656:1662 HS content 1653:1662 HS content 1653:1662 HS content and its disaccharide composition showed no apparent correlation to properties of calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 CS 516:517 CS 516:517 CS 516:517 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 groups 440:445 All 4 groups 434:445 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - 434:546 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 HA 468:469 HA 468:469 HA 468:469 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 HS 542:543 HS 542:543 HS 542:543 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 sulfate 507:513 chondroitin sulfate 495:513 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 495:518 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 hyaluronan 456:465 hyaluronan 456:465 hyaluronan (HA) 456:470 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 sulfate 533:539 heparan sulfate 525:539 heparan sulfate (HS) 525:544 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 sulfate 481:487 keratan sulfate 473:487 keratan sulfate (KS) 473:492 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 61 dep groups 440:445 arg1 KS 490:491 KS 490:491 KS 490:491 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg2 hyaluronan 456:465 hyaluronan 456:465 hyaluronan (HA) 456:470 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg2 sulfate 481:487 keratan sulfate 473:487 keratan sulfate (KS) 473:492 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg1 membranes 571:579 shell membranes 565:579 shell membranes 565:579 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg2 sulfate 507:513 chondroitin sulfate 495:513 chondroitin sulfate (CS) 495:518 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg2 sulfate 533:539 heparan sulfate 525:539 heparan sulfate (HS) 525:544 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg2 groups 440:445 All 4 groups 434:445 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - 434:546 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 62 located detected 553:560 arg2 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 12 63 theme CS 1405:1406 arg1 disaccharides 1408:1420 calcified shell CS disaccharides 1389:1420 calcified shell CS disaccharides 1389:1420 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 7 64 from components 877:886 arg1 detectable 857:866 detectable 857:866 detectable 857:866 Neither 4S6SCS-E nor 2SCS was detectable in shell components. 27287383 17 65 theme shell 1897:1901 arg1 membranes 1903:1911 shell membranes 1897:1911 shell membranes 1897:1911 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 amounts 1153:1159 small amounts 1147:1159 NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S 1126:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 66 theme NS2S 1170:1173 arg1 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 0 67 theme composition 93:103 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells 0:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 0 67 theme composition 93:103 arg1 influence 67:75 the influence 63:75 the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties 63:126 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 amounts 1153:1159 small amounts 1147:1159 NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S 1126:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 68 theme TriS 1164:1167 arg1 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 0 69 theme eggshell 108:115 arg1 properties 117:126 eggshell properties 108:126 eggshell properties 108:126 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 12 70 theme calcified 1389:1397 arg1 disaccharides 1408:1420 calcified shell CS disaccharides 1389:1420 calcified shell CS disaccharides 1389:1420 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 11 71 theme calcified 1301:1309 arg1 HS 1317:1318 membrane and calcified shell HS 1288:1318 HS 1317:1318 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 5 72 theme calcified 688:696 arg1 shells 698:703 calcified shells 688:703 calcified shells 688:703 HA was the most plentiful GAG in shell membranes, and CS was the most abundant in calcified shells. 27287383 9 73 contain contained 1038:1046 arg1 HS 1015:1016 HS 1015:1016 HS in calcified shells 1015:1036 HS in calcified shells contained all disaccharides except for 2S6S. 27287383 9 73 contain contained 1038:1046 arg2 disaccharides 1052:1064 all disaccharides 1048:1064 all disaccharides 1048:1064 HS in calcified shells contained all disaccharides except for 2S6S. 27287383 17 74 theme eggshells 1949:1957 arg1 quality 1930:1936 the quality 1926:1936 the quality of chicken eggshells 1926:1957 This study suggests that GAG content and disaccharide composition of shell membranes might impact the quality of chicken eggshells. 27287383 3 75 theme liquid 393:398 arg1 spectrometry 420:431 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 393:431 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 393:431 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 27287383 0 76 from eggshells 49:57 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells 0:57 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 0 76 from eggshells 49:57 arg1 influence 67:75 the influence 63:75 the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties 63:126 Characteristics of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggshells and the influence of disaccharide composition on eggshell properties. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 amounts 1153:1159 small amounts 1147:1159 NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S 1126:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 NS6SHS 1176:1181 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 NS 1126:1127 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 0S 1133:1134 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 TriS 1164:1167 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 6S 1188:1189 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 10 77 theme NS6SHS 1176:1181 arg1 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 NS2S 1170:1173 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 8 78 theme calcified 997:1005 arg1 shells 1007:1012 calcified shells 997:1012 calcified shells 997:1012 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 11 79 theme membrane 1264:1271 arg1 CS 1273:1274 membrane CS 1264:1274 membrane CS 1264:1274 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 11 80 from similar 1331:1337 arg1 eggshells 1346:1354 all eggshells 1342:1354 all eggshells 1342:1354 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 9 81 theme calcified 1021:1029 arg1 shells 1031:1036 calcified shells 1021:1036 calcified shells 1021:1036 HS in calcified shells contained all disaccharides except for 2S6S. 27287383 1 82 dep linear 158:163 arg1 charged 184:190 charged 184:190 charged 184:190 Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. 27287383 11 83 theme HS 1317:1318 arg1 composition 1249:1259 The disaccharide composition 1232:1259 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, 1232:1319 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 11 83 theme HS 1317:1318 arg1 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 4 84 theme heparan 525:531 arg1 sulfate 533:539 heparan sulfate 525:539 heparan sulfate (HS) 525:544 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 84 theme heparan 525:531 arg1 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 GAG 450:452 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 84 theme heparan 525:531 arg1 groups 440:445 All 4 groups 434:445 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - 434:546 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 4 84 theme heparan 525:531 arg1 HS 542:543 HS 542:543 HS 542:543 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 27287383 11 85 theme disaccharide 1236:1247 arg1 composition 1249:1259 The disaccharide composition 1232:1259 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, 1232:1319 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 11 85 theme disaccharide 1236:1247 arg1 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 10 86 theme shell 1086:1090 arg1 membranes 1092:1100 shell membranes 1086:1100 shell membranes 1086:1100 In shell membranes, HS contained primarily NS and 0S as well as small amounts of TriS, NS2S, NS6SHS, and 6S, but neither 2S6S nor 2S was detectable. 27287383 16 87 theme HS 1789:1790 arg1 6S 1792:1793 only HS 6S 1784:1793 only HS 6S 1784:1793 In calcified shells, only HS 6S correlated with egg shape index. 27287383 13 88 theme KS 1469:1470 arg1 content 1472:1478 KS content 1469:1478 KS content 1469:1478 In membranes, both HA and KS content showed a correlation with egg shape index. 27287383 12 89 from variable 1433:1440 arg1 contrast 1360:1367 contrast 1360:1367 contrast 1360:1367 In contrast, the composition of calcified shell CS disaccharides was highly variable. 27287383 6 90 from present 713:719 arg1 membranes 730:738 membranes 730:738 membranes 730:738 The CS present, in both membranes and calcified shells, consisted primarily of 6SCS-C, 4SCS-A, and 0SCS-0 disaccharides. 27287383 6 90 from present 713:719 arg1 shells 754:759 calcified shells 744:759 calcified shells 744:759 The CS present, in both membranes and calcified shells, consisted primarily of 6SCS-C, 4SCS-A, and 0SCS-0 disaccharides. 27287383 11 91 theme membrane 1288:1295 arg1 HS 1317:1318 membrane and calcified shell HS 1288:1318 HS 1317:1318 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 16 92 theme egg 1811:1813 arg1 index 1821:1825 egg shape index 1811:1825 egg shape index 1811:1825 In calcified shells, only HS 6S correlated with egg shape index. 27287383 8 93 located detected 920:927 arg2 2S4SCS-B 906:913 2S4SCS-B 906:913 2S4SCS-B 906:913 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 93 located detected 920:927 arg2 amounts 895:901 Small amounts 889:901 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B 889:913 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 93 located detected 920:927 arg1 TriSCS 946:951 TriSCS 946:951 TriSCS 946:951 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 8 93 located detected 920:927 arg1 membranes 932:940 membranes 932:940 membranes 932:940 Small amounts of 2S4SCS-B were detected in membranes and TriSCS, and 2S4SCS-B and 2S6SCS-D were detected in calcified shells. 27287383 11 94 theme CS 1273:1274 arg1 composition 1249:1259 The disaccharide composition 1232:1259 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, 1232:1319 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 11 94 theme CS 1273:1274 arg1 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 similar 1331:1337 The disaccharide composition of membrane CS, as well as membrane and calcified shell HS, were very similar in all eggshells. 27287383 4 95 theme calcified 588:596 arg1 shells 598:603 calcified shells 588:603 calcified shells 588:603 All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) - were detected in shell membranes and in calcified shells. 25517302 5 0 theme original 755:762 arg1 antibody 764:771 the original antibody 751:771 the original antibody 751:771 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 8 1 theme Recent 1130:1135 arg1 results 1137:1143 Recent results 1130:1143 Recent results of clinical studies 1130:1163 Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. 25517302 7 2 theme glycan 1046:1051 arg1 contents 1053:1060 the glycan contents 1042:1060 the glycan contents of the antibodies 1042:1078 Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. 25517302 9 3 from efficacy 1452:1459 arg1 terms 1415:1419 terms 1415:1419 terms of physicochemical properties 1415:1449 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 2 4 theme similar 328:334 arg1 properties 336:345 the highly similar properties 317:345 the highly similar properties between the two molecules 317:371 To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. 25517302 4 5 theme Remsima 582:588 arg1 contents 570:577 Monomer and aggregate contents 548:577 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima 548:588 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima were also found to be comparable with those of Remicade. 25517302 9 6 from safety 1466:1471 arg1 terms 1415:1419 terms 1415:1419 terms of physicochemical properties 1415:1449 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 9 7 theme final 1481:1485 arg1 approval 1487:1494 its final approval 1477:1494 its final approval 1477:1494 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 5 8 theme charge 659:664 arg1 isoforms 666:673 charge isoforms 659:673 charge isoforms 659:673 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 3 9 dep indistinguishable 470:486 arg1 higher 488:493 higher 488:493 higher 488:493 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 9 10 theme physicochemical 1424:1438 arg1 properties 1440:1449 physicochemical properties 1424:1449 physicochemical properties 1424:1449 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 5 11 theme basic 731:735 arg1 variants 737:744 slightly less basic variants 717:744 slightly less basic variants 717:744 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 6 12 theme other 862:866 arg1 hand 868:871 the other hand 858:871 the other hand 858:871 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 3 13 theme original 530:537 arg1 product 539:545 the original product 526:545 the original product 526:545 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 6 14 contain has 967:969 arg1 it 964:965 it 964:965 it 964:965 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 6 14 contain has 967:969 arg2 effect 974:979 no effect 971:979 no effect 971:979 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 5 15 theme C-terminal 836:845 arg1 lysine 847:852 C-terminal lysine 836:852 C-terminal lysine 836:852 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 7 16 theme glycan 1098:1103 arg1 types 1105:1109 comparable glycan types 1087:1109 comparable glycan types 1087:1109 Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. 25517302 1 17 from antibody 131:138 arg1 Korea 177:181 Korea 177:181 Korea 177:181 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 1 17 from antibody 131:138 arg1 Union 167:171 Union 167:171 Union 167:171 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 6 18 dep potency 999:1005 arg1 the 984:986 the 984:986 the 984:986 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 5 19 theme lysine 847:852 arg1 presence 824:831 the presence 820:831 the presence of C-terminal lysine 820:852 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 0 20 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of Remsima. 0:43 Physicochemical characterization of Remsima. 25517302 4 21 theme aggregate 560:568 arg1 contents 570:577 Monomer and aggregate contents 548:577 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima 548:588 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima were also found to be comparable with those of Remicade. 25517302 9 22 theme previous 1287:1294 arg1 studies 1336:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 2 23 from characterization 227:242 arg1 relation 258:265 relation 258:265 relation to Remicade 258:277 To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. 25517302 6 24 theme biological 988:997 arg1 potency 999:1005 biological potency 988:1005 biological potency 988:1005 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 0 25 theme Remsima 36:42 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of Remsima. 0:43 Physicochemical characterization of Remsima. 25517302 9 26 theme biosimilar 1501:1510 arg1 Remsima 1345:1351 Remsima 1345:1351 Remsima 1345:1351 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 9 26 theme biosimilar 1501:1510 arg1 product 1512:1518 a biosimilar product 1499:1518 a biosimilar product to Remicade 1499:1530 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 9 27 theme similar 1383:1389 arg1 molecule 1391:1398 a highly similar molecule 1374:1398 a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties 1374:1449 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 9 27 theme similar 1383:1389 arg1 Remsima 1345:1351 Remsima 1345:1351 Remsima 1345:1351 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 7 28 theme comparable 1087:1096 arg1 types 1105:1109 comparable glycan types 1087:1109 comparable glycan types 1087:1109 Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. 25517302 3 29 theme state-of-the-art 389:404 arg1 analyses 406:413 state-of-the-art analyses 389:413 state-of-the-art analyses 389:413 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 3 30 theme order 495:499 arg1 structures 501:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 2 31 theme extensive 201:209 arg1 characterization 227:242 extensive physicochemical characterization 201:242 extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade 201:277 To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. 25517302 3 32 theme identical 441:449 arg1 structures 501:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 3 33 theme analyses 406:413 arg1 multitude 376:384 A multitude 374:384 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses 374:413 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 7 34 theme antibodies 1069:1078 arg1 contents 1053:1060 the glycan contents 1042:1060 the glycan contents of the antibodies 1042:1078 Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. 25517302 1 35 dep Union 167:171 arg1 the 154:156 the 154:156 the 154:156 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 3 36 theme primary 451:457 arg1 structures 501:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 7 37 theme contents 1053:1060 arg1 Analysis 1030:1037 Analysis 1030:1037 Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies 1030:1078 Analysis of the glycan contents of the antibodies showed comparable glycan types and distributions. 25517302 5 38 theme isoforms 666:673 arg1 terms 650:654 terms 650:654 terms of charge isoforms 650:673 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 6 39 located found 890:894 arg1 hand 868:871 the other hand 858:871 the other hand 858:871 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 6 39 located found 890:894 arg2 lysine 879:884 this lysine 874:884 this lysine 874:884 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 1 40 theme first 103:107 arg1 mAb 141:143 mAb 141:143 mAb 141:143 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 1 40 theme first 103:107 arg1 antibody 131:138 the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody 91:138 the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea 91:181 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 8 41 theme clinical 1148:1155 arg1 studies 1157:1163 clinical studies 1148:1163 clinical studies 1148:1163 Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. 25517302 4 42 theme Monomer 548:554 arg1 contents 570:577 Monomer and aggregate contents 548:577 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima 548:588 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima were also found to be comparable with those of Remicade. 25517302 1 43 theme biosimilar 109:118 arg1 mAb 141:143 mAb 141:143 mAb 141:143 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 1 43 theme biosimilar 109:118 arg1 antibody 131:138 the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody 91:138 the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea 91:181 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 9 44 theme clinical 1296:1303 arg1 studies 1336:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 2 45 theme Remsima 247:253 arg1 characterization 227:242 extensive physicochemical characterization 201:242 extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade 201:277 To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. 25517302 4 46 with comparable 612:621 arg1 those 628:632 those 628:632 those 628:632 Monomer and aggregate contents of Remsima were also found to be comparable with those of Remicade. 25517302 1 47 theme monoclonal 120:129 arg1 mAb 141:143 mAb 141:143 mAb 141:143 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 1 47 theme monoclonal 120:129 arg1 antibody 131:138 the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody 91:138 the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea 91:181 Remsima (infliximab) was recently approved as the world's first biosimilar monoclonal antibody (mAb) in both the European Union and Korea. 25517302 9 48 from molecule 1391:1398 arg1 terms 1415:1419 terms 1415:1419 terms of physicochemical properties 1415:1449 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 3 49 contain has 437:439 arg1 Remsima 429:435 Remsima 429:435 Remsima 429:435 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 3 49 contain has 437:439 arg2 structures 501:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 3 50 theme indistinguishable 470:486 arg1 structures 501:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures 441:510 A multitude of state-of-the-art analyses revealed that Remsima has identical primary as well as indistinguishable higher order structures compared with the original product. 25517302 9 51 theme non-clinical 1309:1320 arg1 studies 1336:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 8 52 theme antibody 1201:1208 arg1 similar 1230:1236 similar 1230:1236 similar 1230:1236 Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. 25517302 8 52 theme antibody 1201:1208 arg1 products 1210:1217 the two antibody products 1193:1217 the two antibody products 1193:1217 Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. 25517302 9 53 theme properties 1440:1449 arg1 terms 1415:1419 terms 1415:1419 terms of physicochemical properties 1415:1449 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 9 54 theme comparability 1322:1334 arg1 studies 1336:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies 1287:1342 Based on this research as well as previous clinical and non-clinical comparability studies, Remsima can be considered as a highly similar molecule to Remicade in terms of physicochemical properties, efficacy, and safety for its final approval as a biosimilar product to Remicade. 25517302 8 55 theme studies 1157:1163 arg1 results 1137:1143 Recent results 1130:1143 Recent results of clinical studies 1130:1163 Recent results of clinical studies have further confirmed that the two antibody products are highly similar to each other. 25517302 2 56 theme physicochemical 211:225 arg1 characterization 227:242 extensive physicochemical characterization 201:242 extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade 201:277 To achieve this, extensive physicochemical characterization of Remsima in relation to Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate the highly similar properties between the two molecules. 25517302 6 57 theme drug 1024:1027 arg1 potency 999:1005 biological potency 988:1005 biological potency 988:1005 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 6 57 theme drug 1024:1027 arg1 safety 1010:1015 safety 1010:1015 safety 1010:1015 On the other hand, this lysine was found to be rapidly clipped inside serum in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it has no effect on the biological potency or safety of the drug. 25517302 5 58 contain contain 709:715 arg1 Remsima 685:691 Remsima 685:691 Remsima 685:691 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25517302 5 58 contain contain 709:715 arg2 variants 737:744 slightly less basic variants 717:744 slightly less basic variants 717:744 In terms of charge isoforms, although Remsima was observed to contain slightly less basic variants than the original antibody, the difference was shown to be largely due to the presence of C-terminal lysine. 25439950 0 0 theme halobacterium 75:87 arg1 paucimobilis 102:113 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis 73:113 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis 73:113 Optimization of culture medium compositions for gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. 25439950 5 1 theme % 864:864 arg1 w/v 874:876 w/v 874:876 w/v 874:876 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 1 theme % 864:864 arg1 KH2PO4 866:871 9.20% KH2PO4 860:871 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v) 860:877 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 1 theme % 864:864 arg1 sucrose 817:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 1 2 theme gellan 161:166 arg1 production 172:181 gellan gum production 161:181 gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 161:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 7 3 theme culture 1084:1090 arg1 medium 1092:1097 the optimized culture medium 1070:1097 the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor 1070:1115 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 1 4 theme gum 168:170 arg1 production 172:181 gellan gum production 161:181 gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 161:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 5 5 theme gellan 778:783 arg1 gum 785:787 gellan gum 778:787 gellan gum 778:787 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 6 theme experimental 704:715 arg1 results 717:723 These experimental results 698:723 These experimental results 698:723 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 2 7 theme fractional 302:311 arg1 design 323:328 a fractional factorial design 300:328 a fractional factorial design 300:328 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 0 8 theme Sphingomonas 89:100 arg1 paucimobilis 102:113 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis 73:113 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis 73:113 Optimization of culture medium compositions for gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. 25439950 4 9 theme submerged 660:668 arg1 composition 685:695 submerged culture medium composition 660:695 submerged culture medium composition 660:695 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 5 10 theme 4.30 901:904 arg1 % 905:905 % 905:905 % 905:905 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 3 11 theme better 520:525 arg1 effect 536:541 better inducing effect 520:541 better inducing effect 520:541 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 5 12 theme % 884:884 arg1 w/v 895:897 w/v 895:897 w/v 895:897 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 12 theme % 884:884 arg1 Na2HPO4 886:892 7.50% Na2HPO4 880:892 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v) 880:898 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 12 theme % 884:884 arg1 sucrose 817:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 3 13 theme gellan 487:492 arg1 gum 494:496 gellan gum 487:496 gellan gum 487:496 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 5 14 theme % 905:905 arg1 sucrose 817:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 14 theme % 905:905 arg1 w/v 914:916 w/v 914:916 w/v 914:916 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 14 theme % 905:905 arg1 K2SO4 907:911 4.30% K2SO4 901:911 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v) 901:917 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 15 theme 7.50 880:883 arg1 % 884:884 % 884:884 % 884:884 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 2 16 theme S. 413:414 arg1 CGMCC2428 437:445 S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 413:445 S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 413:445 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 5 17 theme 3.00 826:829 arg1 % 830:830 % 830:830 % 830:830 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 6 18 theme predicated 1009:1018 arg1 value 1020:1024 the predicated value 1005:1024 the predicated value 1005:1024 The maximal gellan gum was 19.89±0.68 g/L, which was agreed closely with the predicated value (20.12 g/L). 25439950 3 19 theme best 464:467 arg1 source 476:481 the best carbon source 460:481 the best carbon source for gellan gum 460:496 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 3 19 theme best 464:467 arg1 Sucrose 448:454 Sucrose 448:454 Sucrose 448:454 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 5 20 theme % 830:830 arg1 peptone 832:838 3.00% peptone 826:838 3.00% peptone (w/v) 826:844 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 20 theme % 830:830 arg1 sucrose 817:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 20 theme % 830:830 arg1 w/v 841:843 w/v 841:843 w/v 841:843 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 4 21 theme surface 582:588 arg1 methodology 590:600 response surface methodology 573:600 response surface methodology 573:600 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 1 22 from effect 120:125 arg1 production 172:181 gellan gum production 161:181 gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 161:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 2 23 theme gum 395:397 arg1 production 399:408 gellan gum production 388:408 gellan gum production 388:408 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 0 24 theme medium 24:29 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of culture medium 0:29 Optimization of culture medium compositions for gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. 25439950 4 25 theme response 573:580 arg1 methodology 590:600 response surface methodology 573:600 response surface methodology 573:600 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 5 26 theme culture 749:755 arg1 medium 757:762 the optimum culture medium 737:762 the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum 737:787 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 6 27 theme gellan 944:949 arg1 gum 951:953 The maximal gellan gum 932:953 The maximal gellan gum 932:953 The maximal gellan gum was 19.89±0.68 g/L, which was agreed closely with the predicated value (20.12 g/L). 25439950 6 27 theme gellan 944:949 arg1 g/L 970:972 19.89±0.68 g/L 959:972 19.89±0.68 g/L 959:972 The maximal gellan gum was 19.89±0.68 g/L, which was agreed closely with the predicated value (20.12 g/L). 25439950 6 28 dep agreed 985:990 arg1 g/L 1033:1035 20.12 g/L 1027:1035 20.12 g/L 1027:1035 The maximal gellan gum was 19.89±0.68 g/L, which was agreed closely with the predicated value (20.12 g/L). 25439950 4 29 theme culture 670:676 arg1 composition 685:695 submerged culture medium composition 660:695 submerged culture medium composition 660:695 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 0 30 theme culture 16:22 arg1 medium 24:29 culture medium 16:29 culture medium 16:29 Optimization of culture medium compositions for gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. 25439950 2 31 theme factorial 313:321 arg1 design 323:328 a fractional factorial design 300:328 a fractional factorial design 300:328 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 2 32 theme gellan 388:393 arg1 production 399:408 gellan gum production 388:408 gellan gum production 388:408 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 1 33 theme halobacterium 215:227 arg1 paucimobilis 242:253 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 4 34 theme medium 678:683 arg1 composition 685:695 submerged culture medium composition 660:695 submerged culture medium composition 660:695 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 5 35 theme 9.20 860:863 arg1 % 864:864 % 864:864 % 864:864 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 2 36 theme QHZJUJW 429:435 arg1 CGMCC2428 437:445 S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 413:445 S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 413:445 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 4 37 theme composite 552:560 arg1 design 562:567 Central composite design 544:567 Central composite design 544:567 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 1 38 dep paucimobilis 242:253 arg1 CGMCC2428 263:271 CGMCC2428 263:271 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 1 39 theme Sphingomonas 229:240 arg1 paucimobilis 242:253 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 0 40 theme gum 55:57 arg1 production 59:68 gellan gum production 48:68 gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis 48:113 Optimization of culture medium compositions for gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. 25439950 4 41 theme Central 544:550 arg1 design 562:567 Central composite design 544:567 Central composite design 544:567 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 6 42 theme maximal 936:942 arg1 gum 951:953 The maximal gellan gum 932:953 The maximal gellan gum 932:953 The maximal gellan gum was 19.89±0.68 g/L, which was agreed closely with the predicated value (20.12 g/L). 25439950 6 42 theme maximal 936:942 arg1 g/L 970:972 19.89±0.68 g/L 959:972 19.89±0.68 g/L 959:972 The maximal gellan gum was 19.89±0.68 g/L, which was agreed closely with the predicated value (20.12 g/L). 25439950 7 43 theme 5-L 1102:1104 arg1 bioreactor 1106:1115 5-L bioreactor 1102:1115 5-L bioreactor 1102:1115 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 2 44 theme main 361:364 arg1 factors 366:372 the main factors 357:372 the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 357:445 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 0 45 theme gellan 48:53 arg1 production 59:68 gellan gum production 48:68 gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis 48:113 Optimization of culture medium compositions for gellan gum production by a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis. 25439950 1 46 with fermentation 195:206 arg1 paucimobilis 242:253 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 213:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 3 47 theme inducing 527:534 arg1 effect 536:541 better inducing effect 520:541 better inducing effect 520:541 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 7 48 from medium 1092:1097 arg1 bioreactor 1106:1115 5-L bioreactor 1102:1115 5-L bioreactor 1102:1115 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 7 49 theme initial 1210:1216 arg1 medium 1230:1235 the initial cultivation medium 1206:1235 the initial cultivation medium 1206:1235 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 1 50 theme culture 130:136 arg1 compositions 145:156 culture medium compositions 130:156 culture medium compositions 130:156 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 5 51 theme optimum 741:747 arg1 medium 757:762 the optimum culture medium 737:762 the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum 737:787 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 7 52 theme cultivation 1218:1228 arg1 medium 1230:1235 the initial cultivation medium 1206:1235 the initial cultivation medium 1206:1235 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 1 53 theme medium 138:143 arg1 compositions 145:156 culture medium compositions 130:156 culture medium compositions 130:156 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 4 54 theme statistical 627:637 arg1 model 639:643 a statistical model 625:643 a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition 625:695 Central composite design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing submerged culture medium composition. 25439950 2 55 theme paucimobilis 416:427 arg1 CGMCC2428 437:445 S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 413:445 S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 413:445 In this work, a fractional factorial design was applied to investigate the main factors that affected gellan gum production by S. paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428. 25439950 3 56 theme carbon 469:474 arg1 source 476:481 the best carbon source 460:481 the best carbon source for gellan gum 460:496 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 3 56 theme carbon 469:474 arg1 Sucrose 448:454 Sucrose 448:454 Sucrose 448:454 Sucrose was the best carbon source for gellan gum and peptone displayed better inducing effect. 25439950 1 57 theme compositions 145:156 arg1 effect 120:125 The effect 116:125 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 116:271 The effect of culture medium compositions on gellan gum production produced by fermentation with a halobacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis QHZJUJW CGMCC2428 was studied. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 MgSO4 847:851 MgSO4 847:851 MgSO4 (w/v) 847:857 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 KH2PO4 866:871 9.20% KH2PO4 860:871 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v) 860:877 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 pH 920:921 pH 6.8-7.0 920:929 pH 6.8-7.0 920:929 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 K2SO4 907:911 4.30% K2SO4 901:911 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v) 901:917 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 peptone 832:838 3.00% peptone 826:838 3.00% peptone (w/v) 826:844 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 Na2HPO4 886:892 7.50% Na2HPO4 880:892 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v) 880:898 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 5 58 theme 40.00 805:809 arg1 sucrose 817:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 40.00 (w/v) sucrose 805:823 These experimental results showed that the optimum culture medium for producing gellan gum was composed of 40.00 (w/v) sucrose, 3.00% peptone (w/v), MgSO4 (w/v), 9.20% KH2PO4 (w/v), 7.50% Na2HPO4 (w/v), 4.30% K2SO4 (w/v), pH 6.8-7.0. 25439950 7 59 theme gum 1129:1131 arg1 fermentation 1133:1144 the gellan gum fermentation 1118:1144 the gellan gum fermentation 1118:1144 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 7 60 theme gellan 1122:1127 arg1 fermentation 1133:1144 the gellan gum fermentation 1118:1144 the gellan gum fermentation 1118:1144 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 25439950 7 61 theme optimized 1074:1082 arg1 medium 1092:1097 the optimized culture medium 1070:1097 the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor 1070:1115 After incubated for 72 h under the optimized culture medium in 5-L bioreactor, the gellan gum fermentation reached about 19.90±0.68 g/L, which was higher than that in the initial cultivation medium. 28214586 11 0 theme mechanical 1388:1397 arg1 properties 1399:1408 good mechanical properties 1383:1408 good mechanical properties 1383:1408 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 1 1 theme mango 145:149 arg1 MKS 166:168 MKS 166:168 MKS 166:168 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 1 1 theme mango 145:149 arg1 starch 158:163 mango kernel starch 145:163 mango kernel starch (MKS) 145:169 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 9 2 with control 1138:1144 arg1 gums 1156:1159 both gums 1151:1159 both gums 1151:1159 However, the OP was found to be lower than that of the control with both gums. 28214586 0 3 theme barrier 66:72 arg1 properties 74:83 barrier properties 66:83 barrier properties 66:83 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 3 4 theme composite 397:405 arg1 films 407:411 composite films 397:411 composite films 397:411 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 5 theme Mechanical 272:281 arg1 permeability 302:313 oxygen permeability 295:313 oxygen permeability (OP) 295:318 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 5 theme Mechanical 272:281 arg1 parameters 383:392 color parameters 377:392 color parameters of composite films 377:411 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 5 theme Mechanical 272:281 arg1 solubility 353:362 solubility 353:362 solubility in water 353:371 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 5 theme Mechanical 272:281 arg1 permeability 333:344 water vapor permeability 321:344 water vapor permeability (WVP) 321:350 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 5 theme Mechanical 272:281 arg1 properties 283:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 11 6 theme 20 1363:1364 arg1 % 1365:1365 % 1365:1365 % 1365:1365 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 6 7 theme XRD 697:699 arg1 analysis 701:708 XRD analysis 697:708 XRD analysis 697:708 XRD analysis demonstrated diminished crystalline peak. 28214586 5 8 theme homogeneous 619:629 arg1 matrix 631:636 homogeneous matrix 619:636 homogeneous matrix 619:636 The scanning electron micrographs showed homogeneous matrix, with no signs of phase separation between the components. 28214586 8 9 dep gums 1025:1028 arg1 both 1003:1006 both 1003:1006 both 1003:1006 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28214586 8 9 dep gums 1025:1028 arg1 xanthan 1017:1023 xanthan 1017:1023 xanthan 1017:1023 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28214586 7 10 theme increasing 835:844 arg1 concentration 850:862 increasing gum concentration 835:862 increasing gum concentration 835:862 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 11 11 contain containing 1352:1361 arg1 film 1347:1350 film 1347:1350 film containing 20% guar gum 1347:1374 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 11 11 contain containing 1352:1361 arg2 gum 1372:1374 20% guar gum 1363:1374 20% guar gum 1363:1374 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 11 12 theme % 1365:1365 arg1 gum 1372:1374 20% guar gum 1363:1374 20% guar gum 1363:1374 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 3 13 theme color 377:381 arg1 parameters 383:392 color parameters 377:392 color parameters of composite films 377:411 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 13 theme color 377:381 arg1 properties 283:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 7 14 theme gum 968:970 arg1 concentration 972:984 gum concentration 968:984 gum concentration 968:984 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 7 15 theme gum 846:848 arg1 concentration 850:862 increasing gum concentration 835:862 increasing gum concentration 835:862 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 7 16 theme gum 766:768 arg1 type 770:773 gum type 766:773 gum type 766:773 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 4 17 theme scanning 542:549 arg1 SEM 572:574 SEM 572:574 SEM 572:574 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 4 17 theme scanning 542:549 arg1 microscopy 560:569 scanning electron microscopy 542:569 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 542:575 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 3 18 from permeability 302:313 arg1 water 367:371 water 367:371 water 367:371 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 10 19 theme films 1247:1251 arg1 transparency 1215:1226 transparency 1215:1226 transparency 1215:1226 Furthermore, addition of both gums led to changes in transparency and opacity of MKS films. 28214586 10 19 theme films 1247:1251 arg1 opacity 1232:1238 opacity 1232:1238 opacity 1232:1238 Furthermore, addition of both gums led to changes in transparency and opacity of MKS films. 28214586 0 20 theme kernel 6:11 arg1 films 34:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films 0:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 0:84 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 11 21 contain containing 1260:1269 arg1 Films 1254:1258 Films 1254:1258 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1254:1291 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 11 21 contain containing 1260:1269 arg2 gum 1289:1291 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1271:1291 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1271:1291 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 10 22 theme MKS 1243:1245 arg1 films 1247:1251 MKS films 1243:1251 MKS films 1243:1251 Furthermore, addition of both gums led to changes in transparency and opacity of MKS films. 28214586 3 23 theme vapor 327:331 arg1 WVP 347:349 WVP 347:349 WVP 347:349 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 23 theme vapor 327:331 arg1 permeability 333:344 water vapor permeability 321:344 water vapor permeability (WVP) 321:350 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 23 theme vapor 327:331 arg1 properties 283:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 0 24 theme Mango 0:4 arg1 films 34:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films 0:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 0:84 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 8 25 dep both 1003:1006 arg1 guar 1008:1011 guar 1008:1011 guar 1008:1011 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28214586 7 26 theme composite 804:812 arg1 films 814:818 composite films 804:818 composite films 804:818 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 1 27 theme Composite 86:94 arg1 films 96:100 Composite films 86:100 Composite films 86:100 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 4 28 theme electron 551:558 arg1 SEM 572:574 SEM 572:574 SEM 572:574 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 4 28 theme electron 551:558 arg1 microscopy 560:569 scanning electron microscopy 542:569 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 542:575 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 0 29 theme composite 24:32 arg1 films 34:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films 0:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 0:84 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 3 30 from parameters 383:392 arg1 water 367:371 water 367:371 water 367:371 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 31 theme oxygen 295:300 arg1 permeability 302:313 oxygen permeability 295:313 oxygen permeability (OP) 295:318 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 31 theme oxygen 295:300 arg1 OP 316:317 OP 316:317 OP 316:317 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 31 theme oxygen 295:300 arg1 properties 283:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 5 32 theme scanning 582:589 arg1 micrographs 600:610 The scanning electron micrographs 578:610 The scanning electron micrographs 578:610 The scanning electron micrographs showed homogeneous matrix, with no signs of phase separation between the components. 28214586 1 33 theme kernel 151:156 arg1 MKS 166:168 MKS 166:168 MKS 166:168 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 1 33 theme kernel 151:156 arg1 starch 158:163 mango kernel starch 145:163 mango kernel starch (MKS) 145:169 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 11 34 theme % 1273:1273 arg1 gum 1289:1291 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1271:1291 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1271:1291 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 5 35 theme phase 656:660 arg1 separation 662:671 phase separation 656:671 phase separation between the components 656:694 The scanning electron micrographs showed homogeneous matrix, with no signs of phase separation between the components. 28214586 11 36 theme 10 1271:1272 arg1 % 1273:1273 % 1273:1273 % 1273:1273 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 5 37 theme electron 591:598 arg1 micrographs 600:610 The scanning electron micrographs 578:610 The scanning electron micrographs 578:610 The scanning electron micrographs showed homogeneous matrix, with no signs of phase separation between the components. 28214586 3 38 theme water 321:325 arg1 WVP 347:349 WVP 347:349 WVP 347:349 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 38 theme water 321:325 arg1 permeability 333:344 water vapor permeability 321:344 water vapor permeability (WVP) 321:350 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 38 theme water 321:325 arg1 properties 283:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 5 39 theme separation 662:671 arg1 signs 647:651 no signs 644:651 no signs of phase separation between the components 644:694 The scanning electron micrographs showed homogeneous matrix, with no signs of phase separation between the components. 28214586 8 40 theme composite 1066:1074 arg1 films 1076:1080 the composite films 1062:1080 the composite films 1062:1080 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28214586 1 41 theme xanthan 184:190 arg1 gums 192:195 xanthan gums 184:195 xanthan gums 184:195 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 8 42 theme films 1076:1080 arg1 WVP 1055:1057 WVP 1055:1057 WVP 1055:1057 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28214586 8 42 theme films 1076:1080 arg1 solubility 1040:1049 solubility 1040:1049 solubility 1040:1049 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28214586 2 43 dep % 249:249 arg1 w/w 252:254 w/w 252:254 w/w of starch; db 252:268 The concentration of both gums ranged from 0% to 30% (w/w of starch; db). 28214586 0 44 dep films 34:38 arg1 mechanical 51:60 mechanical 51:60 mechanical 51:60 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 0 44 dep films 34:38 arg1 properties 74:83 barrier properties 66:83 barrier properties 66:83 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 0 44 dep films 34:38 arg1 Physical 41:48 Physical 41:48 Physical 41:48 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 3 45 from solubility 353:362 arg1 water 367:371 water 367:371 water 367:371 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 10 46 from changes 1204:1210 arg1 transparency 1215:1226 transparency 1215:1226 transparency 1215:1226 Furthermore, addition of both gums led to changes in transparency and opacity of MKS films. 28214586 10 46 from changes 1204:1210 arg1 opacity 1232:1238 opacity 1232:1238 opacity 1232:1238 Furthermore, addition of both gums led to changes in transparency and opacity of MKS films. 28214586 7 47 theme films 814:818 arg1 TS 797:798 TS 797:798 TS 797:798 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 7 47 theme films 814:818 arg1 strength 787:794 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength 752:794 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films 752:818 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 6 48 theme crystalline 734:744 arg1 peak 746:749 diminished crystalline peak 723:749 diminished crystalline peak 723:749 XRD analysis demonstrated diminished crystalline peak. 28214586 11 49 theme guar 1367:1370 arg1 gum 1372:1374 20% guar gum 1363:1374 20% guar gum 1363:1374 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 2 50 theme starch 259:264 arg1 w/w 252:254 w/w 252:254 w/w of starch; db 252:268 The concentration of both gums ranged from 0% to 30% (w/w of starch; db). 28214586 10 51 theme gums 1192:1195 arg1 addition 1175:1182 addition 1175:1182 addition of both gums 1175:1195 Furthermore, addition of both gums led to changes in transparency and opacity of MKS films. 28214586 6 52 theme diminished 723:732 arg1 peak 746:749 diminished crystalline peak 723:749 diminished crystalline peak 723:749 XRD analysis demonstrated diminished crystalline peak. 28214586 2 53 theme gums 224:227 arg1 concentration 202:214 The concentration 198:214 The concentration of both gums 198:227 The concentration of both gums ranged from 0% to 30% (w/w of starch; db). 28214586 11 54 dep % 1273:1273 arg1 w/w 1276:1278 w/w 1276:1278 w/w 1276:1278 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 1 55 theme casting 124:130 arg1 method 132:137 the casting method 120:137 the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums 120:195 Composite films were developed by the casting method using mango kernel starch (MKS) and guar and xanthan gums. 28214586 11 56 theme xanthan 1281:1287 arg1 gum 1289:1291 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1271:1291 10% (w/w) xanthan gum 1271:1291 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 2 57 dep w/w 252:254 arg1 db 267:268 db 267:268 w/w of starch; db 252:268 The concentration of both gums ranged from 0% to 30% (w/w of starch; db). 28214586 3 58 from permeability 333:344 arg1 water 367:371 water 367:371 water 367:371 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 permeability 302:313 oxygen permeability 295:313 oxygen permeability (OP) 295:318 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 permeability 333:344 water vapor permeability 321:344 water vapor permeability (WVP) 321:350 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 WVP 347:349 WVP 347:349 WVP 347:349 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 OP 316:317 OP 316:317 OP 316:317 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 properties 283:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties 272:292 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 parameters 383:392 color parameters 377:392 color parameters of composite films 377:411 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 3 59 theme films 407:411 arg1 solubility 353:362 solubility 353:362 solubility in water 353:371 Mechanical properties, oxygen permeability (OP), water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility in water and color parameters of composite films were evaluated. 28214586 11 60 theme lower 1300:1304 arg1 values 1306:1311 lower values 1300:1311 lower values for solubility, WVP and OP 1300:1338 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 4 61 theme X-ray 514:518 arg1 XRD 533:535 XRD 533:535 XRD 533:535 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 4 61 theme X-ray 514:518 arg1 diffraction 520:530 X-ray diffraction 514:530 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 514:536 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 4 62 dep crystallinity 433:445 arg1 The 429:431 The 429:431 The 429:431 The crystallinity and homogeneity between the starch and gums were also evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28214586 0 63 theme starch-gum 13:22 arg1 films 34:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films 0:38 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 0:84 Mango kernel starch-gum composite films: Physical, mechanical and barrier properties. 28214586 7 64 theme reverse 870:876 arg1 trend 878:882 reverse trend 870:882 reverse trend 870:882 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 11 65 theme good 1383:1386 arg1 properties 1399:1408 good mechanical properties 1383:1408 good mechanical properties 1383:1408 Films containing 10% (w/w) xanthan gum showed lower values for solubility, WVP and OP, while film containing 20% guar gum showed good mechanical properties. 28214586 7 66 theme tensile 779:785 arg1 TS 797:798 TS 797:798 TS 797:798 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 7 66 theme tensile 779:785 arg1 strength 787:794 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength 752:794 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films 752:818 Regardless of gum type the tensile strength (TS) of composite films increased with increasing gum concentration while reverse trend was noted for elongation at break (EAB) which found to be decreased with increasing gum concentration. 28214586 8 67 theme gums 1025:1028 arg1 addition 991:998 The addition 987:998 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums 987:1028 The addition of both guar and xanthan gums increased solubility and WVP of the composite films. 28390827 7 0 theme thermal 877:883 arg1 stability 885:893 thermal stability 877:893 thermal stability 877:893 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 6 1 theme 3D 625:626 arg1 sponge 635:640 3D porous sponge 625:640 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 625:701 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 0 2 theme collagen 70:77 arg1 blends 60:65 the blends 56:65 the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite 56:132 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 8 3 theme pure 1057:1060 arg1 chitosan 1062:1069 chitosan 1062:1069 chitosan 1062:1069 Moreover, the porosity of ternary materials was higher than in materials based on pure chitosan or collagen. 28390827 7 4 theme Mechanical 851:860 arg1 parameters 862:871 Mechanical parameters 851:871 Mechanical parameters 851:871 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 1 5 theme nano-hydroxyapatite 238:256 arg1 addition 226:233 the addition 222:233 the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 222:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 3 6 theme Mechanical 345:354 arg1 properties 356:365 Mechanical properties 345:365 Mechanical properties 345:365 Mechanical properties were studied using a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine. 28390827 7 7 theme hydroxyapatite 959:972 arg1 addition 947:954 the addition 943:954 the addition of hydroxyapatite 943:972 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 0 8 theme chitosan 80:87 arg1 blends 60:65 the blends 56:65 the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite 56:132 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 10 9 attach released 1187:1194 arg2 ions 1175:1178 Calcium ions 1167:1178 Calcium ions 1167:1178 Calcium ions can be released from the composite during its degradation in water. 28390827 10 9 attach released 1187:1194 arg1 composite 1205:1213 the composite 1201:1213 the composite 1201:1213 Calcium ions can be released from the composite during its degradation in water. 28390827 6 10 theme acid 698:701 arg1 blend 655:659 the blend 651:659 the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 651:701 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 4 11 dep porosity 434:441 arg1 the 430:432 the 430:432 the 430:432 In addition, the porosity and density of composites were measured. 28390827 0 12 theme acid 104:107 arg1 blends 60:65 the blends 56:65 the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite 56:132 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 4 13 theme composites 458:467 arg1 density 447:453 density 447:453 density 447:453 In addition, the porosity and density of composites were measured. 28390827 4 13 theme composites 458:467 arg1 porosity 434:441 porosity 434:441 porosity 434:441 In addition, the porosity and density of composites were measured. 28390827 0 14 with blends 60:65 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 114:132 nano-hydroxyapatite 114:132 nano-hydroxyapatite 114:132 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 2 15 theme SEM 273:275 arg1 images 277:282 SEM images 273:282 SEM images for the composites 273:301 SEM images for the composites were made and the structure was assessed. 28390827 6 16 theme hyaluronic 687:696 arg1 acid 698:701 hyaluronic acid 687:701 hyaluronic acid 687:701 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 0 17 theme hyaluronic 93:102 arg1 acid 104:107 hyaluronic acid 93:107 hyaluronic acid 93:107 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 10 18 from degradation 1226:1236 arg1 water 1241:1245 water 1241:1245 water 1241:1245 Calcium ions can be released from the composite during its degradation in water. 28390827 8 19 theme materials 1009:1017 arg1 higher 1023:1028 higher 1023:1028 higher 1023:1028 Moreover, the porosity of ternary materials was higher than in materials based on pure chitosan or collagen. 28390827 8 19 theme materials 1009:1017 arg1 porosity 989:996 the porosity 985:996 the porosity of ternary materials 985:1017 Moreover, the porosity of ternary materials was higher than in materials based on pure chitosan or collagen. 28390827 5 20 theme complexometric 565:578 arg1 method 590:595 the complexometric titration method 561:595 the complexometric titration method 561:595 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material was detected by the complexometric titration method. 28390827 5 21 theme calcium 505:511 arg1 ions 513:516 calcium ions 505:516 calcium ions 505:516 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material was detected by the complexometric titration method. 28390827 5 22 theme titration 580:588 arg1 method 590:595 the complexometric titration method 561:595 the complexometric titration method 561:595 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material was detected by the complexometric titration method. 28390827 1 23 theme chitosan 178:185 arg1 blend 169:173 the blend 165:173 the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 165:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 7 24 theme blends 919:924 arg1 parameters 862:871 Mechanical parameters 851:871 Mechanical parameters 851:871 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 7 24 theme blends 919:924 arg1 stability 885:893 thermal stability 877:893 thermal stability 877:893 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 8 25 theme ternary 1001:1007 arg1 materials 1009:1017 ternary materials 1001:1017 ternary materials 1001:1017 Moreover, the porosity of ternary materials was higher than in materials based on pure chitosan or collagen. 28390827 6 26 theme chitosan 664:671 arg1 blend 655:659 the blend 651:659 the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 651:701 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 6 27 theme collagen 674:681 arg1 blend 655:659 the blend 651:659 the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 651:701 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 1 28 theme collagen 188:195 arg1 blend 169:173 the blend 165:173 the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 165:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 9 29 with structure 1130:1138 arg1 pores 1160:1164 interconnected pores 1145:1164 interconnected pores 1145:1164 All composites were characterized by a porous structure with interconnected pores. 28390827 0 30 theme composites 36:45 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 0 30 theme composites 36:45 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of composites based on the blends of collagen, chitosan and hyaluronic acid with nano-hydroxyapatite. 28390827 1 31 with collagen 188:195 arg1 addition 226:233 the addition 222:233 the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 222:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 6 32 theme material 829:836 arg1 composition 838:848 the material composition 825:848 the material composition 825:848 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 1 33 theme hyaluronic 201:210 arg1 acid 212:215 hyaluronic acid 201:215 hyaluronic acid 201:215 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 3 34 theme Zwick&Roell 388:398 arg1 Mashine 408:414 a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine 386:414 a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine 386:414 Mechanical properties were studied using a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine. 28390827 5 35 attach released 518:525 arg2 concentration 488:500 The concentration 484:500 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material 484:543 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material was detected by the complexometric titration method. 28390827 5 35 attach released 518:525 arg1 material 536:543 the material 532:543 the material 532:543 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material was detected by the complexometric titration method. 28390827 3 36 theme Testing 400:406 arg1 Mashine 408:414 a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine 386:414 a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine 386:414 Mechanical properties were studied using a Zwick&Roell Testing Mashine. 28390827 1 37 with chitosan 178:185 arg1 addition 226:233 the addition 222:233 the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 222:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 9 38 theme porous 1123:1128 arg1 structure 1130:1138 a porous structure 1121:1138 a porous structure with interconnected pores 1121:1164 All composites were characterized by a porous structure with interconnected pores. 28390827 7 39 theme ternary 898:904 arg1 blends 919:924 ternary biopolymeric blends 898:924 ternary biopolymeric blends 898:924 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 6 40 theme nanohydroxyapatite 727:744 arg1 particles 714:722 inorganic particles 704:722 inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite 704:744 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 6 41 theme inorganic 704:712 arg1 particles 714:722 inorganic particles 704:722 inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite 704:744 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 1 42 theme acid 212:215 arg1 blend 169:173 the blend 165:173 the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 165:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 6 43 theme composites 804:813 arg1 properties 787:796 the properties 783:796 the properties of 3D composites 783:813 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 5 44 theme ions 513:516 arg1 concentration 488:500 The concentration 484:500 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material 484:543 The concentration of calcium ions released from the material was detected by the complexometric titration method. 28390827 1 45 theme 3D 135:136 arg1 composites 145:154 3D porous composites 135:154 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 135:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 6 46 theme 3D 801:802 arg1 composites 804:813 3D composites 801:813 3D composites 801:813 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 9 47 theme interconnected 1145:1158 arg1 pores 1160:1164 interconnected pores 1145:1164 interconnected pores 1145:1164 All composites were characterized by a porous structure with interconnected pores. 28390827 1 48 theme porous 138:143 arg1 composites 145:154 3D porous composites 135:154 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 135:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 7 49 theme biopolymeric 906:917 arg1 blends 919:924 ternary biopolymeric blends 898:924 ternary biopolymeric blends 898:924 Mechanical parameters and thermal stability of ternary biopolymeric blends were improved by the addition of hydroxyapatite. 28390827 1 50 with acid 212:215 arg1 addition 226:233 the addition 222:233 the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite 222:256 3D porous composites based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid with the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite were prepared. 28390827 6 51 theme porous 628:633 arg1 sponge 635:640 3D porous sponge 625:640 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 625:701 The results showed that in 3D porous sponge based on the blend of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid, inorganic particles of nanohydroxyapatite can be incorporated, as well as that the properties of 3D composites depend on the material composition. 28390827 10 52 theme Calcium 1167:1173 arg1 ions 1175:1178 Calcium ions 1167:1178 Calcium ions 1167:1178 Calcium ions can be released from the composite during its degradation in water. 25779987 2 0 from proteins 450:457 arg1 subset 362:367 a subset 360:367 a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 360:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 4 1 theme deconvolution 619:631 arg1 algorithm 633:641 a spectral deconvolution algorithm 608:641 a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 608:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 6 2 theme baseline 970:977 arg1 plasma 979:984 baseline plasma 970:984 baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 970:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 6 3 used used 1066:1069 arg2 concentrations 905:918 GlycA concentrations 899:918 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 899:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 1 4 theme clinical 282:289 arg1 biomarkers 291:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 4 theme clinical 282:289 arg1 signals 235:241 additional signals 224:241 additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers 224:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 4 5 theme ® 710:710 arg1 spectra 718:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 6 6 from spectra 959:965 arg1 participants 996:1007 5537 participants 991:1007 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 991:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 7 7 theme acute-phase 1187:1197 arg1 contributors 1207:1218 Major acute-phase protein contributors 1181:1218 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal 1173:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 3 8 theme systemic 564:571 arg1 inflammation 573:584 systemic inflammation 564:584 systemic inflammation 564:584 We hypothesized that the amplitude of the GlycA signal might provide a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation. 25779987 6 9 theme NMR 943:945 arg1 spectra 959:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra 934:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 934:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 4 10 theme test 713:716 arg1 spectra 718:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 1 11 theme lipoprotein 186:196 arg1 analyses 207:214 lipoprotein particle analyses 186:214 lipoprotein particle analyses 186:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 6 12 theme Atherosclerosis 1038:1052 arg1 Study 1029:1033 the Multi-Ethnic Study 1012:1033 the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 1012:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 8 13 theme high-sensitivity 1381:1396 arg1 hsCRP 1418:1422 hsCRP 1418:1422 hsCRP 1418:1422 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 13 theme high-sensitivity 1381:1396 arg1 r 1426:1426 r = 0.56 1426:1433 r = 0.56 1426:1433 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 13 theme high-sensitivity 1381:1396 arg1 protein 1409:1415 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 1381:1415 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56) 1381:1434 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 5 14 theme signal 891:896 arg1 origins 870:876 the origins 866:876 the origins of the GlycA signal 866:896 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 4 15 theme LipoProfile 698:708 arg1 spectra 718:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 7 16 dep RESULTS 1173:1179 arg1 contributors 1207:1218 Major acute-phase protein contributors 1181:1218 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal 1173:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 7 17 theme α1-acid 1250:1256 arg1 glycoprotein 1258:1269 α1-acid glycoprotein 1250:1269 α1-acid glycoprotein 1250:1269 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 7 17 theme α1-acid 1250:1256 arg1 RESULTS 1173:1179 RESULTS 1173:1179 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal 1173:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 1 18 theme additional 224:233 arg1 signals 235:241 additional signals 224:241 additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers 224:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 18 theme additional 224:233 arg1 biomarkers 291:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 9 19 theme lower 1696:1700 arg1 % 1693:1693 4.3% 1690:1693 4.3% 1690:1693 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 9 20 theme Analytic 1514:1521 arg1 imprecision 1523:1533 Analytic imprecision 1514:1533 Analytic imprecision 1514:1533 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 8 21 theme P 1501:1501 arg1 < 1503:1503 all P < 0.0001 1497:1510 all P < 0.0001 1497:1510 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 21 theme P 1501:1501 arg1 interleukin-6 1464:1476 interleukin-6 1464:1476 interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001) 1464:1511 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 22 theme = 1428:1428 arg1 r 1426:1426 r = 0.56 1426:1433 r = 0.56 1426:1433 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 22 theme = 1428:1428 arg1 protein 1409:1415 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 1381:1415 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56) 1381:1434 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 10 23 theme systemic 1940:1947 arg1 inflammation 1949:1960 systemic inflammation 1940:1960 systemic inflammation 1940:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 1 24 theme serum 137:141 arg1 spectra 126:132 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 82:132 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 82:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 4 25 theme analytic 739:746 arg1 precision 748:756 analytic precision 739:756 analytic precision 739:756 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 0 26 theme Inflammation 68:79 arg1 Biomarker 46:54 A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker 7:54 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 0:80 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 2 27 gly glycosylated 425:436 arg1 proteins 450:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 9 28 theme CVs 1566:1568 arg1 % 1573:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 5 29 theme acute-phase 797:807 arg1 glycoproteins 809:821 acute-phase glycoproteins 797:821 acute-phase glycoproteins 797:821 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 10 30 with biomarker 1816:1824 arg1 attributes 1853:1862 analytic and clinical attributes 1831:1862 analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1831:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 0 31 theme Systemic 59:66 arg1 Inflammation 68:79 Systemic Inflammation 59:79 Systemic Inflammation 59:79 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 2 32 theme residues 399:406 arg1 subset 362:367 a subset 360:367 a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 360:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 1 33 theme Nuclear 93:99 arg1 NMR 121:123 NMR 121:123 NMR 121:123 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 33 theme Nuclear 93:99 arg1 resonance 110:118 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance 82:118 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 82:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 9 34 dep low 1539:1541 arg1 % 1573:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 9 34 dep low 1539:1541 arg1 % 1582:1582 2.6% 1579:1582 2.6% 1579:1582 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 6 35 theme archived 934:941 arg1 spectra 959:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra 934:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 934:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 1 36 theme resonance 110:118 arg1 spectra 126:132 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 82:132 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 82:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 6 37 theme laboratory 1115:1124 arg1 measures 1147:1154 measures 1147:1154 measures of inflammation 1147:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 6 37 theme laboratory 1115:1124 arg1 parameters 1126:1135 demographic and laboratory parameters 1099:1135 demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation 1099:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 2 38 theme acute-phase 438:448 arg1 proteins 450:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 0 39 theme Nuclear 19:25 arg1 Resonance 36:44 A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 7:44 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 0:80 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 2 40 from residues 399:406 arg1 proteins 450:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 6 41 theme demographic 1099:1109 arg1 measures 1147:1154 measures 1147:1154 measures of inflammation 1147:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 6 41 theme demographic 1099:1109 arg1 parameters 1126:1135 demographic and laboratory parameters 1099:1135 demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation 1099:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 0 42 theme Resonance 36:44 arg1 Biomarker 46:54 A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker 7:54 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 0:80 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 6 43 theme GlycA 899:903 arg1 concentrations 905:918 GlycA concentrations 899:918 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 899:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 9 44 theme intraindividual 1603:1617 arg1 variability 1619:1629 intraindividual variability 1603:1629 intraindividual variability 1603:1629 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 1 45 contain contain 216:222 arg2 signals 235:241 additional signals 224:241 additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers 224:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 45 contain contain 216:222 arg1 spectra 126:132 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 82:132 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 82:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 45 contain contain 216:222 arg2 biomarkers 291:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 3 46 theme signal 508:513 arg1 amplitude 485:493 the amplitude 481:493 the amplitude of the GlycA signal 481:513 We hypothesized that the amplitude of the GlycA signal might provide a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation. 25779987 8 47 theme = 1488:1488 arg1 r 1486:1486 r = 0.35 1486:1493 r = 0.35 1486:1493 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 47 theme = 1488:1488 arg1 interleukin-6 1464:1476 interleukin-6 1464:1476 interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001) 1464:1511 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 3 48 theme convenient 542:551 arg1 measure 553:559 a unique and convenient measure 529:559 a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation 529:584 We hypothesized that the amplitude of the GlycA signal might provide a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation. 25779987 4 49 theme automated 684:692 arg1 spectra 718:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 4 50 theme signal 661:666 arg1 amplitudes 668:677 GlycA signal amplitudes 655:677 GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 655:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 10 51 theme analytic 1831:1838 arg1 attributes 1853:1862 analytic and clinical attributes 1831:1862 analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1831:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 10 52 theme clinical 1844:1851 arg1 attributes 1853:1862 analytic and clinical attributes 1831:1862 analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1831:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 3 53 theme unique 531:536 arg1 measure 553:559 a unique and convenient measure 529:559 a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation 529:584 We hypothesized that the amplitude of the GlycA signal might provide a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation. 25779987 6 54 theme plasma 979:984 arg1 spectra 959:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra 934:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 934:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 4 55 theme spectral 610:617 arg1 algorithm 633:641 a spectral deconvolution algorithm 608:641 a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 608:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 7 56 theme protein 1199:1205 arg1 contributors 1207:1218 Major acute-phase protein contributors 1181:1218 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal 1173:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 3 57 theme inflammation 573:584 arg1 measure 553:559 a unique and convenient measure 529:559 a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation 529:584 We hypothesized that the amplitude of the GlycA signal might provide a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation. 25779987 4 58 from spectra 718:724 arg1 amplitudes 668:677 GlycA signal amplitudes 655:677 GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 655:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 1 59 theme useful 275:280 arg1 biomarkers 291:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 useful clinical biomarkers 275:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 59 theme useful 275:280 arg1 signals 235:241 additional signals 224:241 additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers 224:300 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 10 60 dep CONCLUSIONS 1773:1783 arg1 biomarker 1816:1824 a unique inflammatory biomarker 1794:1824 a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1794:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 10 60 dep CONCLUSIONS 1773:1783 arg1 GlycA 1785:1789 GlycA 1785:1789 GlycA 1785:1789 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 7 61 theme Major 1181:1185 arg1 contributors 1207:1218 Major acute-phase protein contributors 1181:1218 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal 1173:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 1 62 theme quantitative 158:169 arg1 conditions 171:180 quantitative conditions 158:180 quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 158:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 7 63 theme GlycA 1233:1237 arg1 signal 1239:1244 the serum GlycA signal 1223:1244 the serum GlycA signal 1223:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 6 64 theme LipoProfile 947:957 arg1 spectra 959:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra 934:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 934:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 9 65 theme healthy 1666:1672 arg1 volunteers 1674:1683 23 healthy volunteers 1663:1683 23 healthy volunteers 1663:1683 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 2 66 from subset 362:367 arg1 proteins 450:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 8 67 theme GlycA 1339:1343 arg1 concentrations 1345:1358 GlycA concentrations 1339:1358 GlycA concentrations 1339:1358 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 5 68 theme fractions 833:841 arg1 Spectra 786:792 Spectra 786:792 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions 786:841 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 2 69 theme signals 316:322 arg1 One 303:305 One 303:305 One 303:305 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 2 69 theme signals 316:322 arg1 signals 316:322 these signals 310:322 these signals 310:322 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 5 70 theme GlycA 885:889 arg1 signal 891:896 the GlycA signal 881:896 the GlycA signal 881:896 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 2 71 theme glycan 372:377 arg1 residues 399:406 glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues 372:406 glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 372:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 10 72 theme unique 1796:1801 arg1 biomarker 1816:1824 a unique inflammatory biomarker 1794:1824 a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1794:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 10 72 theme unique 1796:1801 arg1 GlycA 1785:1789 GlycA 1785:1789 GlycA 1785:1789 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 6 73 theme Multi-Ethnic 1016:1027 arg1 Study 1029:1033 the Multi-Ethnic Study 1012:1033 the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 1012:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 4 74 theme NMR 694:696 arg1 spectra 718:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 684:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 10 75 theme clinical 1920:1927 arg1 markers 1929:1935 clinical markers 1920:1935 clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1920:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 6 76 with associations 1081:1092 arg1 measures 1147:1154 measures 1147:1154 measures of inflammation 1147:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 6 76 with associations 1081:1092 arg1 parameters 1126:1135 demographic and laboratory parameters 1099:1135 demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation 1099:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 4 77 theme biological 762:771 arg1 variability 773:783 biological variability 762:783 biological variability 762:783 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 10 78 theme inflammation 1949:1960 arg1 markers 1929:1935 clinical markers 1920:1935 clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1920:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 5 79 theme glycoproteins 809:821 arg1 Spectra 786:792 Spectra 786:792 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions 786:841 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 1 80 theme particle 198:205 arg1 analyses 207:214 lipoprotein particle analyses 186:214 lipoprotein particle analyses 186:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 5 81 theme serum 827:831 arg1 fractions 833:841 serum fractions 827:841 serum fractions 827:841 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 9 82 theme intra- 1544:1549 arg1 % 1573:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 9 83 theme interassay 1555:1564 arg1 % 1573:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% 1544:1573 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 5 84 gly glycoproteins 809:821 arg1 glycoproteins 809:821 acute-phase glycoproteins 797:821 acute-phase glycoproteins 797:821 Spectra of acute-phase glycoproteins and serum fractions were analyzed to probe the origins of the GlycA signal. 25779987 6 85 theme inflammation 1159:1170 arg1 measures 1147:1154 measures 1147:1154 measures of inflammation 1147:1170 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 4 86 dep METHODS 587:593 arg1 assessed 730:737 assessed 730:737 assessed analytic precision and biological variability 730:783 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 4 86 dep METHODS 587:593 arg1 developed 598:606 developed 598:606 developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 598:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 1 87 theme BACKGROUND 82:91 arg1 NMR 121:123 NMR 121:123 NMR 121:123 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 87 theme BACKGROUND 82:91 arg1 resonance 110:118 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance 82:118 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 82:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 8 88 theme = 1451:1451 arg1 r 1449:1449 r = 0.46 1449:1456 r = 0.46 1449:1456 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 88 theme = 1451:1451 arg1 fibrinogen 1437:1446 fibrinogen 1437:1446 fibrinogen (r = 0.46) 1437:1457 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 2 89 theme N-acetylglucosamine 379:397 arg1 residues 399:406 glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues 372:406 glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 372:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 0 90 theme Composite 9:17 arg1 Resonance 36:44 A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 7:44 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 0:80 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 7 91 gly glycoprotein 1258:1269 arg1 glycoprotein 1258:1269 α1-acid glycoprotein 1250:1269 α1-acid glycoprotein 1250:1269 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 7 91 gly glycoprotein 1258:1269 arg1 RESULTS 1173:1179 RESULTS 1173:1179 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal 1173:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 1 92 theme magnetic 101:108 arg1 NMR 121:123 NMR 121:123 NMR 121:123 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 1 92 theme magnetic 101:108 arg1 resonance 110:118 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance 82:118 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses 82:214 BACKGROUND Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum obtained under quantitative conditions for lipoprotein particle analyses contain additional signals that could potentially serve as useful clinical biomarkers. 25779987 3 93 theme GlycA 502:506 arg1 signal 508:513 the GlycA signal 498:513 the GlycA signal 498:513 We hypothesized that the amplitude of the GlycA signal might provide a unique and convenient measure of systemic inflammation. 25779987 0 94 theme Magnetic 27:34 arg1 Resonance 36:44 A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 7:44 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 0:80 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 2 95 theme glycosylated 425:436 arg1 proteins 450:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins 411:457 One of these signals that we named GlycA originates from a subset of glycan N-acetylglucosamine residues on enzymatically glycosylated acute-phase proteins. 25779987 7 96 theme serum 1227:1231 arg1 signal 1239:1244 the serum GlycA signal 1223:1244 the serum GlycA signal 1223:1244 RESULTS Major acute-phase protein contributors to the serum GlycA signal are α1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin, and transferrin. 25779987 9 97 from weeks 1654:1658 arg1 volunteers 1674:1683 23 healthy volunteers 1663:1683 23 healthy volunteers 1663:1683 Analytic imprecision was low (intra- and interassay CVs 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively) and intraindividual variability, assessed weekly for 5 weeks in 23 healthy volunteers, was 4.3%, lower than for hsCRP (29.2%), cholesterol (5.7%), and triglycerides (18.0%). 25779987 6 98 from participants 996:1007 arg1 spectra 959:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra 934:965 archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 934:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 6 98 from participants 996:1007 arg1 plasma 979:984 baseline plasma 970:984 baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 970:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 6 98 from participants 996:1007 arg1 Study 1029:1033 the Multi-Ethnic Study 1012:1033 the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) 1012:1059 GlycA concentrations obtained from archived NMR LipoProfile spectra of baseline plasma from 5537 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) were used to assess associations with demographic and laboratory parameters including measures of inflammation. 25779987 10 99 theme inflammatory 1803:1814 arg1 biomarker 1816:1824 a unique inflammatory biomarker 1794:1824 a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation 1794:1960 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 10 99 theme inflammatory 1803:1814 arg1 GlycA 1785:1789 GlycA 1785:1789 GlycA 1785:1789 CONCLUSIONS GlycA is a unique inflammatory biomarker with analytic and clinical attributes that may complement or provide advantages over existing clinical markers of systemic inflammation. 25779987 0 100 dep GlycA 0:4 arg1 Biomarker 46:54 A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker 7:54 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 0:80 GlycA: A Composite Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Biomarker of Systemic Inflammation. 25779987 4 101 theme GlycA 655:659 arg1 amplitudes 668:677 GlycA signal amplitudes 655:677 GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra 655:724 METHODS We developed a spectral deconvolution algorithm to quantify GlycA signal amplitudes from automated NMR LipoProfile(®) test spectra and assessed analytic precision and biological variability. 25779987 8 102 theme C-reactive 1398:1407 arg1 hsCRP 1418:1422 hsCRP 1418:1422 hsCRP 1418:1422 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 102 theme C-reactive 1398:1407 arg1 r 1426:1426 r = 0.56 1426:1433 r = 0.56 1426:1433 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 25779987 8 102 theme C-reactive 1398:1407 arg1 protein 1409:1415 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 1381:1415 high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56) 1381:1434 GlycA concentrations were correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = 0.56), fibrinogen (r = 0.46), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.35) (all P < 0.0001). 29070516 6 0 theme 3-fold 1132:1137 arg1 conformation 1145:1156 the 3-fold screw conformation 1128:1156 the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution 1128:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 8 1 theme plant 1703:1707 arg1 walls 1714:1718 secondary plant cell walls 1693:1718 secondary plant cell walls 1693:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 8 2 from importance 1624:1633 arg1 integrity 1680:1688 the structural integrity 1665:1688 the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls 1665:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 2 3 theme cellulose 349:357 arg1 microfibrils 359:370 cellulose microfibrils 349:370 cellulose microfibrils 349:370 However, the molecular features and the nanoscale forces that control the interactions among cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, and lignin are still not well understood. 29070516 9 4 theme novel 1727:1731 arg1 insights 1743:1750 These novel molecular insights 1721:1750 These novel molecular insights 1721:1750 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 6 5 theme decorations 1227:1237 arg1 presence 1198:1205 the presence 1194:1205 the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations 1194:1237 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 8 6 theme walls 1714:1718 arg1 integrity 1680:1688 the structural integrity 1665:1688 the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls 1665:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 7 7 theme 2-fold 1478:1483 arg1 conformation 1491:1502 the 2-fold screw conformation 1474:1502 the 2-fold screw conformation 1474:1502 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 3 8 theme substitution 551:562 arg1 pattern 564:570 the substitution pattern 547:570 the substitution pattern in softwood xylans 547:589 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 4 9 theme minor 867:871 arg1 motifs 873:878 minor motifs 867:878 minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation 867:909 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 9 10 theme improved 1769:1776 arg1 understanding 1778:1790 an improved understanding 1766:1790 an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls 1766:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 9 11 contain have 1861:1864 arg2 implications 1878:1889 fundamental implications 1866:1889 fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials 1866:1985 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 9 11 contain have 1861:1864 arg1 insights 1743:1750 These novel molecular insights 1721:1750 These novel molecular insights 1721:1750 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 5 12 from positioning 1048:1058 arg1 ultrastructure 1093:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 1 13 from rigidity 202:209 arg1 plants 248:253 vascular plants 239:253 vascular plants 239:253 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 9 14 theme supramolecular 1799:1812 arg1 architecture 1814:1825 the supramolecular architecture 1795:1825 the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls 1795:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 5 15 theme plant 1077:1081 arg1 ultrastructure 1093:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 1 16 from integrity 226:234 arg1 plants 248:253 vascular plants 239:253 vascular plants 239:253 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 5 17 theme wall 1088:1091 arg1 ultrastructure 1093:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 7 18 theme conformation 1491:1502 arg1 stabilization 1457:1469 the stabilization 1453:1469 the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation 1453:1502 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 4 19 from decorations 818:828 arg1 backbone 843:850 the xylan backbone 833:850 the xylan backbone 833:850 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 5 20 theme xylan 954:958 arg1 fractions 960:968 xylan fractions 954:968 xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water 954:1010 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 9 21 theme secondary 1836:1844 arg1 walls 1851:1855 plant secondary cell walls 1830:1855 plant secondary cell walls 1830:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 3 22 theme intramolecular 633:646 arg1 motifs 648:653 distinct intramolecular motifs 624:653 distinct intramolecular motifs 624:653 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 9 23 theme walls 1851:1855 arg1 architecture 1814:1825 the supramolecular architecture 1795:1825 the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls 1795:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 0 24 theme Cellulose 77:85 arg1 Surfaces 87:94 Cellulose Surfaces 77:94 Cellulose Surfaces 77:94 Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. 29070516 1 25 theme plant 164:168 arg1 walls 175:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 7 26 theme molecular 1254:1262 arg1 simulations 1272:1282 molecular dynamic simulations 1254:1282 molecular dynamic simulations 1254:1282 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 1 27 from lignin 144:149 arg1 walls 175:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 5 28 theme subcritical 994:1004 arg1 water 1006:1010 subcritical water 994:1010 subcritical water 994:1010 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 8 29 theme hydrophilic 1583:1593 arg1 ones 1595:1598 the hydrophilic ones 1579:1598 the hydrophilic ones 1579:1598 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 1 30 from cellulose 130:138 arg1 walls 175:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 0 31 theme Regular 0:6 arg1 Motifs 8:13 Regular Motifs 0:13 Regular Motifs in Xylan 0:22 Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. 29070516 6 32 from flexibility 1113:1123 arg1 solution 1170:1177 solution 1170:1177 solution 1170:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 3 33 theme mass 462:465 arg1 sequencing 488:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 8 34 theme nonpolar 1638:1645 arg1 forces 1655:1660 nonpolar driving forces 1638:1660 nonpolar driving forces 1638:1660 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 5 35 theme secondary 1067:1075 arg1 ultrastructure 1093:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 9 36 theme molecular 1733:1741 arg1 insights 1743:1750 These novel molecular insights 1721:1750 These novel molecular insights 1721:1750 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 9 37 theme advanced 1957:1964 arg1 materials 1977:1985 advanced wood-based materials 1957:1985 advanced wood-based materials 1957:1985 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 8 38 theme forces 1655:1660 arg1 importance 1624:1633 the importance 1620:1633 the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls 1620:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 3 39 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 surfaces 715:722 cellulose surfaces 705:722 cellulose surfaces 705:722 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 4 40 theme spaced 802:807 arg1 decorations 818:828 evenly spaced glycosyl decorations 795:828 evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone 795:850 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 3 41 theme glycan 481:486 arg1 sequencing 488:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 1 42 theme structural 215:224 arg1 integrity 226:234 structural integrity 215:234 structural integrity 215:234 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 9 43 theme materials 1977:1985 arg1 design 1947:1952 the design 1943:1952 the design of advanced wood-based materials 1943:1985 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 0 44 with Flexibility 43:53 arg1 Surfaces 87:94 Cellulose Surfaces 77:94 Cellulose Surfaces 77:94 Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. 29070516 5 45 theme preferential 1035:1046 arg1 positioning 1048:1058 their preferential positioning 1029:1058 their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1029:1106 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 6 46 theme screw 1139:1143 arg1 conformation 1145:1156 the 3-fold screw conformation 1128:1156 the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution 1128:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 3 47 theme dynamics 513:520 arg1 simulations 522:532 molecular dynamics simulations 503:532 molecular dynamics simulations 503:532 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 7 48 theme glycosyl 1301:1308 arg1 substitutions 1310:1322 the glycosyl substitutions 1297:1322 the glycosyl substitutions in xylan 1297:1331 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 8 49 theme secondary 1693:1701 arg1 walls 1714:1718 secondary plant cell walls 1693:1718 secondary plant cell walls 1693:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 4 50 theme consecutive 885:895 arg1 glucuronation 897:909 consecutive glucuronation 885:909 consecutive glucuronation 885:909 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 7 51 from substitutions 1310:1322 arg1 xylan 1327:1331 xylan 1327:1331 xylan 1327:1331 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 6 52 theme arabinofuranosyl 1210:1225 arg1 decorations 1227:1237 arabinofuranosyl decorations 1210:1237 arabinofuranosyl decorations 1210:1237 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 8 53 theme cell 1709:1712 arg1 walls 1714:1718 secondary plant cell walls 1693:1718 secondary plant cell walls 1693:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 0 54 with Interactions 59:70 arg1 Surfaces 87:94 Cellulose Surfaces 77:94 Cellulose Surfaces 77:94 Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. 29070516 2 55 theme molecular 269:277 arg1 features 279:286 the molecular features 265:286 the molecular features 265:286 However, the molecular features and the nanoscale forces that control the interactions among cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, and lignin are still not well understood. 29070516 3 56 with interaction 688:698 arg1 surfaces 715:722 cellulose surfaces 705:722 cellulose surfaces 705:722 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 1 57 theme cell 170:173 arg1 walls 175:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 7 58 theme screw 1485:1489 arg1 conformation 1491:1502 the 2-fold screw conformation 1474:1502 the 2-fold screw conformation 1474:1502 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 3 59 theme Picea 742:746 arg1 spruce 734:739 Norway spruce 727:739 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 727:753 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 59 theme Picea 742:746 arg1 abies 748:752 Picea abies 742:752 Picea abies 742:752 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 4 60 with motifs 783:788 arg1 decorations 818:828 evenly spaced glycosyl decorations 795:828 evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone 795:850 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 2 61 theme nanoscale 296:304 arg1 forces 306:311 the nanoscale forces 292:311 the nanoscale forces 292:311 However, the molecular features and the nanoscale forces that control the interactions among cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, and lignin are still not well understood. 29070516 9 62 theme architecture 1814:1825 arg1 understanding 1778:1790 an improved understanding 1766:1790 an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls 1766:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 5 63 theme cell 1083:1086 arg1 ultrastructure 1093:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure 1063:1106 These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. 29070516 3 64 theme motifs 648:653 arg1 effect 614:619 the effect 610:619 the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies) 610:753 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 65 theme softwood 575:582 arg1 xylans 584:589 softwood xylans 575:589 softwood xylans 575:589 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 9 66 theme plant 1830:1834 arg1 walls 1851:1855 plant secondary cell walls 1830:1855 plant secondary cell walls 1830:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 8 67 theme hydrophobic 1545:1555 arg1 surface 1557:1563 the hydrophobic surface 1541:1563 the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls 1541:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 3 68 theme distinct 624:631 arg1 motifs 648:653 distinct intramolecular motifs 624:653 distinct intramolecular motifs 624:653 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 4 69 with motifs 873:878 arg1 glucuronation 897:909 consecutive glucuronation 885:909 consecutive glucuronation 885:909 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 9 70 theme cell 1846:1849 arg1 walls 1851:1855 plant secondary cell walls 1830:1855 plant secondary cell walls 1830:1855 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 7 71 theme dynamic 1264:1270 arg1 simulations 1272:1282 molecular dynamic simulations 1254:1282 molecular dynamic simulations 1254:1282 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 1 72 theme secondary 154:162 arg1 walls 175:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 secondary plant cell walls 154:179 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 29070516 0 73 from Motifs 8:13 arg1 Xylan 18:22 Xylan 18:22 Xylan 18:22 Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. 29070516 3 74 from pattern 564:570 arg1 xylans 584:589 softwood xylans 575:589 softwood xylans 575:589 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 9 75 theme fundamental 1866:1876 arg1 implications 1878:1889 fundamental implications 1866:1889 fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials 1866:1985 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 4 76 theme motifs 783:788 arg1 presence 771:778 the presence 767:778 the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation 767:909 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 7 77 theme cellulose 1374:1382 arg1 surfaces 1384:1391 the cellulose surfaces 1370:1391 the cellulose surfaces 1370:1391 Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. 29070516 9 78 theme lignocellulose 1906:1919 arg1 recalcitrance 1921:1933 lignocellulose recalcitrance 1906:1933 lignocellulose recalcitrance 1906:1933 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 3 79 from effect 614:619 arg1 interaction 688:698 the interaction 684:698 the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies) 684:753 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 79 from effect 614:619 arg1 conformation 664:675 xylan conformation 658:675 xylan conformation 658:675 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 80 theme spectrometric 467:479 arg1 sequencing 488:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 0 81 theme Molecular 33:41 arg1 Flexibility 43:53 Molecular Flexibility 33:53 Molecular Flexibility 33:53 Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces. 29070516 8 82 theme driving 1647:1653 arg1 forces 1655:1660 nonpolar driving forces 1638:1660 nonpolar driving forces 1638:1660 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 3 83 theme xylan 658:662 arg1 conformation 664:675 xylan conformation 658:675 xylan conformation 658:675 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 84 theme comprehensive 448:460 arg1 sequencing 488:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing 448:497 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 4 85 theme xylan 837:841 arg1 backbone 843:850 the xylan backbone 833:850 the xylan backbone 833:850 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 6 86 from solution 1170:1177 arg1 flexibility 1113:1123 The flexibility 1109:1123 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution 1109:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 3 87 theme molecular 503:511 arg1 simulations 522:532 molecular dynamics simulations 503:532 molecular dynamics simulations 503:532 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 88 dep combine 440:446 arg1 investigate 598:608 investigate 598:608 to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies) 595:753 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 88 dep combine 440:446 arg1 elucidate 537:545 elucidate 537:545 to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans 534:589 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 6 89 theme xylan 1161:1165 arg1 conformation 1145:1156 the 3-fold screw conformation 1128:1156 the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution 1128:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 9 90 theme wood-based 1966:1975 arg1 materials 1977:1985 advanced wood-based materials 1957:1985 advanced wood-based materials 1957:1985 These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials. 29070516 8 91 theme structural 1669:1678 arg1 integrity 1680:1688 the structural integrity 1665:1688 the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls 1665:1718 This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. 29070516 6 92 theme conformation 1145:1156 arg1 flexibility 1113:1123 The flexibility 1109:1123 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution 1109:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 3 93 from interaction 688:698 arg1 spruce 734:739 Norway spruce 727:739 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 727:753 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 93 from interaction 688:698 arg1 abies 748:752 Picea abies 742:752 Picea abies 742:752 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 94 theme Norway 727:732 arg1 spruce 734:739 Norway spruce 727:739 Norway spruce (Picea abies) 727:753 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 3 94 theme Norway 727:732 arg1 abies 748:752 Picea abies 742:752 Picea abies 742:752 Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). 29070516 4 95 theme glycosyl 809:816 arg1 decorations 818:828 evenly spaced glycosyl decorations 795:828 evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone 795:850 We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. 29070516 6 96 from conformation 1145:1156 arg1 solution 1170:1177 solution 1170:1177 solution 1170:1177 The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. 29070516 1 97 theme vascular 239:246 arg1 plants 248:253 vascular plants 239:253 vascular plants 239:253 Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. 26305101 6 0 theme non-cellulosic 902:915 arg1 % 939:939 16-22% w/w 934:943 16-22% w/w 934:943 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 6 0 theme non-cellulosic 902:915 arg1 polysaccharides 917:931 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 902:931 non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w) 902:944 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 13 1 theme suit 1959:1962 arg1 composition 1975:1985 suit Agave leaf composition 1959:1985 suit Agave leaf composition 1959:1985 These data indicate that Agave could rival currently used bioethanol feedstocks, particularly if the fermentation organisms and conditions were adapted to suit Agave leaf composition. 26305101 10 2 dep Agave 1515:1519 arg1 leaves 1521:1526 leaves 1521:1526 leaves 1521:1526 In agricultural production systems such as the tequila making, Agave leaves are discarded as waste. 26305101 13 3 theme bioethanol 1862:1871 arg1 feedstocks 1873:1882 currently used bioethanol feedstocks 1847:1882 currently used bioethanol feedstocks 1847:1882 These data indicate that Agave could rival currently used bioethanol feedstocks, particularly if the fermentation organisms and conditions were adapted to suit Agave leaf composition. 26305101 9 4 theme fermentable 1330:1340 arg1 fructose 1342:1349 fermentable fructose 1330:1349 fermentable fructose 1330:1349 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 10 5 theme production 1468:1477 arg1 systems 1479:1485 agricultural production systems 1455:1485 agricultural production systems such as the tequila making 1455:1512 In agricultural production systems such as the tequila making, Agave leaves are discarded as waste. 26305101 10 5 theme production 1468:1477 arg1 tequila 1499:1505 the tequila making 1495:1512 the tequila making 1495:1512 In agricultural production systems such as the tequila making, Agave leaves are discarded as waste. 26305101 10 6 theme making 1507:1512 arg1 tequila 1499:1505 the tequila making 1495:1512 the tequila making 1495:1512 In agricultural production systems such as the tequila making, Agave leaves are discarded as waste. 26305101 7 7 theme Agave 1021:1025 arg1 mass 1007:1010 the dry mass 999:1010 the dry mass of whole Agave leaves 999:1032 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 9 8 theme tequilana 1357:1365 arg1 samples 1378:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 2 9 theme energy-rich 272:282 arg1 biomass 284:290 energy-rich biomass 272:290 energy-rich biomass 272:290 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 9 10 theme juice 1372:1376 arg1 samples 1378:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 7 11 dep Agave 1021:1025 arg1 leaves 1027:1032 leaves 1027:1032 leaves 1027:1032 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 12 theme dry 1003:1005 arg1 mass 1007:1010 the dry mass 999:1010 the dry mass of whole Agave leaves 999:1032 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 5 13 from fruit-like--rich 771:786 arg1 pectin 820:825 pectin 820:825 pectin 820:825 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 5 13 from fruit-like--rich 771:786 arg1 moisture 791:798 moisture 791:798 moisture 791:798 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 5 13 from fruit-like--rich 771:786 arg1 sugars 809:814 soluble sugars 801:814 soluble sugars 801:814 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 3 14 dep production 508:517 arg1 the 482:484 the 482:484 the 482:484 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 3 14 dep production 508:517 arg1 context 486:492 context 486:492 context 486:492 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 11 15 theme waste 1644:1648 arg1 Agave 1650:1654 waste Agave 1644:1654 waste Agave 1644:1654 Theoretically, up to 4000 L/ha/yr of bioethanol could be produced from juice extracted from waste Agave leaves. 26305101 9 16 theme fermentable 1411:1421 arg1 sugars 1430:1435 fermentable hexose sugars 1411:1435 fermentable hexose sugars 1411:1435 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 8 17 theme weight 1220:1225 arg1 weight 1220:1225 the fresh weight 1210:1225 the fresh weight 1210:1225 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 8 17 theme weight 1220:1225 arg1 % 1205:1205 69% 1203:1205 69% of the fresh weight 1203:1225 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 0 18 theme Leaf 59:62 arg1 Study 69:73 Agave Leaf Case Study 53:73 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 0:74 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 13 19 theme Agave 1964:1968 arg1 composition 1975:1985 suit Agave leaf composition 1959:1985 suit Agave leaf composition 1959:1985 These data indicate that Agave could rival currently used bioethanol feedstocks, particularly if the fermentation organisms and conditions were adapted to suit Agave leaf composition. 26305101 7 20 theme non-cellulosic 1082:1095 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1082:1111 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1082:1111 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 20 theme non-cellulosic 1082:1095 arg1 sugars 1063:1068 soluble sugars 1055:1068 soluble sugars 1055:1068 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 9 21 theme sugars 1430:1435 arg1 g/L 1447:1449 41-48 g/L 1441:1449 41-48 g/L 1441:1449 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 9 21 theme sugars 1430:1435 arg1 concentration 1394:1406 the concentration 1390:1406 the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars 1390:1435 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 4 22 theme juice 695:699 arg1 composition 701:711 leaf juice composition 690:711 leaf juice composition 690:711 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 5 23 from moisture 791:798 arg1 fruit-like--rich 771:786 fruit-like--rich 771:786 fruit-like--rich 771:786 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 1 24 from diversity 140:148 arg1 composition 153:163 composition 153:163 composition 153:163 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 6 25 dep low 969:971 arg1 % 988:988 9-13% w/w 984:992 9-13% w/w 984:992 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 0 26 theme Agave 53:57 arg1 Study 69:73 Agave Leaf Case Study 53:73 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 0:74 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 2 27 used used 347:350 arg2 tissue 317:322 the sugar-rich stem tissue 297:322 the sugar-rich stem tissue 297:322 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 3 28 theme Agave 407:411 arg1 americana 413:421 Agave americana 407:421 Agave americana 407:421 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 8 29 dep Agave 1176:1180 arg1 leaves 1182:1187 leaves 1182:1187 leaves 1182:1187 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 12 30 theme theoretical 1784:1794 arg1 yields 1796:1801 the theoretical yields 1780:1801 the theoretical yields 1780:1801 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 1 31 from species 105:111 arg1 biomass 82:88 Plant biomass 76:88 Plant biomass from different species 76:111 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 4 32 theme leaf 526:529 arg1 content 556:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 3 33 theme tequilana 433:441 arg1 compositions 391:402 the compositions 387:402 the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves 387:448 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 0 34 theme Energy-Rich 16:26 arg1 Materials 42:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 3 35 theme bioethanol 497:506 arg1 production 508:517 bioethanol production 497:517 bioethanol production 497:517 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 1 36 theme different 95:103 arg1 species 105:111 different species 95:111 different species 95:111 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 4 37 theme wall 536:539 arg1 content 556:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 0 38 theme Raw 38:40 arg1 Materials 42:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 12 39 theme Agave 1723:1727 arg1 juice 1729:1733 Agave juice 1723:1733 Agave juice 1723:1733 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 6 40 theme w/w 990:992 arg1 % 988:988 9-13% w/w 984:992 9-13% w/w 984:992 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 2 41 theme sugar-rich 301:310 arg1 tissue 317:322 the sugar-rich stem tissue 297:322 the sugar-rich stem tissue 297:322 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 8 42 from glucose 1243:1249 arg1 rich 1235:1238 rich 1235:1238 rich 1235:1238 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 1 43 theme value 203:207 arg1 materials 190:198 materials 190:198 materials of value to fuel and chemical industries 190:239 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 12 44 theme ethanol 1748:1754 arg1 yields 1756:1761 ethanol yields 1748:1761 ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields 1748:1801 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 6 45 theme leaf 836:839 arg1 fiber 841:845 The dry leaf fiber 828:845 The dry leaf fiber 828:845 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 12 46 theme cerevisiae 1693:1702 arg1 strains 1704:1710 standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains 1670:1710 standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains 1670:1710 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 4 47 theme linkage 585:591 arg1 analysis 593:600 linkage analysis 585:600 linkage analysis 585:600 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 10 48 theme agricultural 1455:1466 arg1 systems 1479:1485 agricultural production systems 1455:1485 agricultural production systems such as the tequila making 1455:1512 In agricultural production systems such as the tequila making, Agave leaves are discarded as waste. 26305101 10 48 theme agricultural 1455:1466 arg1 tequila 1499:1505 the tequila making 1495:1512 the tequila making 1495:1512 In agricultural production systems such as the tequila making, Agave leaves are discarded as waste. 26305101 8 49 from rich 1235:1238 arg1 glucose 1243:1249 glucose 1243:1249 glucose 1243:1249 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 8 49 from rich 1235:1238 arg1 fructose 1255:1262 fructose 1255:1262 fructose 1255:1262 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 9 50 theme oligosaccharides 1291:1306 arg1 Hydrolysis 1265:1274 Hydrolysis 1265:1274 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides 1265:1306 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 acetate 1122:1128 acetate 1122:1128 acetate 1122:1128 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 polysaccharides 1097:1111 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1082:1111 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1082:1111 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 protein 1131:1137 protein 1131:1137 protein 1131:1137 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 minerals 1143:1150 minerals 1143:1150 minerals 1143:1150 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 sugars 1063:1068 soluble sugars 1055:1068 soluble sugars 1055:1068 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 lignin 1114:1119 lignin 1114:1119 lignin 1114:1119 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 7 51 theme soluble 1055:1061 arg1 cellulose 1071:1079 cellulose 1071:1079 cellulose 1071:1079 Of the dry mass of whole Agave leaves, 85-95% consisted of soluble sugars, cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides, lignin, acetate, protein and minerals. 26305101 0 52 dep Prospecting 0:10 arg1 Study 69:73 Agave Leaf Case Study 53:73 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 0:74 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 1 53 theme chemical 221:228 arg1 industries 230:239 fuel and chemical industries 212:239 fuel and chemical industries 212:239 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 13 54 theme leaf 1970:1973 arg1 composition 1975:1985 suit Agave leaf composition 1959:1985 suit Agave leaf composition 1959:1985 These data indicate that Agave could rival currently used bioethanol feedstocks, particularly if the fermentation organisms and conditions were adapted to suit Agave leaf composition. 26305101 13 55 theme used 1857:1860 arg1 feedstocks 1873:1882 currently used bioethanol feedstocks 1847:1882 currently used bioethanol feedstocks 1847:1882 These data indicate that Agave could rival currently used bioethanol feedstocks, particularly if the fermentation organisms and conditions were adapted to suit Agave leaf composition. 26305101 8 56 from fructose 1255:1262 arg1 rich 1235:1238 rich 1235:1238 rich 1235:1238 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 6 57 theme w/w 893:895 arg1 % 891:891 47-50% w/w 886:895 47-50% w/w 886:895 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 6 57 theme w/w 893:895 arg1 cellulose 875:883 crystalline cellulose 863:883 crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) 863:896 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 12 58 theme standard 1670:1677 arg1 strains 1704:1710 standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains 1670:1710 standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains 1670:1710 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 2 59 theme high 257:260 arg1 yields 262:267 high yields 257:267 high yields of energy-rich biomass 257:290 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 9 60 theme fructose 1342:1349 arg1 amount 1320:1325 the amount 1316:1325 the amount of fermentable fructose 1316:1349 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 9 60 theme fructose 1342:1349 arg1 fructose 1342:1349 fermentable fructose 1330:1349 fermentable fructose 1330:1349 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 9 61 theme A. 1354:1355 arg1 samples 1378:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 2 62 theme biomass 284:290 arg1 yields 262:267 high yields 257:267 high yields of energy-rich biomass 257:290 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 9 63 theme leaf 1367:1370 arg1 samples 1378:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 A. tequilana leaf juice samples 1354:1384 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 6 64 theme w/w 941:943 arg1 % 939:939 16-22% w/w 934:943 16-22% w/w 934:943 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 6 64 theme w/w 941:943 arg1 polysaccharides 917:931 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 902:931 non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w) 902:944 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 5 65 dep Agave 754:758 arg1 leaves 760:765 leaves 760:765 leaves 760:765 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 6 66 dep whole 951:955 arg1 leaves 957:962 leaves 957:962 leaves 957:962 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 0 67 theme Case 64:67 arg1 Study 69:73 Agave Leaf Case Study 53:73 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 0:74 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 9 68 theme hexose 1423:1428 arg1 sugars 1430:1435 fermentable hexose sugars 1411:1435 fermentable hexose sugars 1411:1435 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 8 69 theme fresh 1214:1218 arg1 weight 1220:1225 the fresh weight 1210:1225 the fresh weight 1210:1225 Juice pressed from the Agave leaves accounted for 69% of the fresh weight and was rich in glucose and fructose. 26305101 5 70 from sugars 809:814 arg1 fruit-like--rich 771:786 fruit-like--rich 771:786 fruit-like--rich 771:786 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 6 71 from lignin 976:981 arg1 low 969:971 low 969:971 low 969:971 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 4 72 theme leaf 690:693 arg1 composition 701:711 leaf juice composition 690:711 leaf juice composition 690:711 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 2 73 theme alcoholic 360:368 arg1 beverages 370:378 alcoholic beverages 360:378 alcoholic beverages 360:378 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 5 74 from pectin 820:825 arg1 fruit-like--rich 771:786 fruit-like--rich 771:786 fruit-like--rich 771:786 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 12 75 theme yields 1796:1801 arg1 yields 1796:1801 the theoretical yields 1780:1801 the theoretical yields 1780:1801 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 12 75 theme yields 1796:1801 arg1 % 1775:1775 66% 1773:1775 66% of the theoretical yields 1773:1801 Using standard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to ferment Agave juice, we observed ethanol yields that were 66% of the theoretical yields. 26305101 1 76 theme Plant 76:80 arg1 biomass 82:88 Plant biomass 76:88 Plant biomass from different species 76:111 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 4 77 theme cell 531:534 arg1 content 556:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 6 78 from low 969:971 arg1 lignin 976:981 lignin 976:981 lignin 976:981 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 4 79 theme liquid 731:736 arg1 chromatography 738:751 liquid chromatography 731:751 liquid chromatography 731:751 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 0 80 theme Renewable 28:36 arg1 Materials 42:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials 16:50 Prospecting for Energy-Rich Renewable Raw Materials: Agave Leaf Case Study. 26305101 4 81 theme polysaccharide 541:554 arg1 content 556:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 11 82 theme bioethanol 1589:1598 arg1 L/ha/yr 1578:1584 up to 4000 L/ha/yr 1567:1584 up to 4000 L/ha/yr of bioethanol 1567:1598 Theoretically, up to 4000 L/ha/yr of bioethanol could be produced from juice extracted from waste Agave leaves. 26305101 6 83 theme crystalline 863:873 arg1 % 891:891 47-50% w/w 886:895 47-50% w/w 886:895 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 6 83 theme crystalline 863:873 arg1 cellulose 875:883 crystalline cellulose 863:883 crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) 863:896 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 1 84 theme fuel 212:215 arg1 industries 230:239 fuel and chemical industries 212:239 fuel and chemical industries 212:239 Plant biomass from different species is heterogeneous, and this diversity in composition can be mined to identify materials of value to fuel and chemical industries. 26305101 13 85 theme fermentation 1905:1916 arg1 organisms 1918:1926 the fermentation organisms 1901:1926 the fermentation organisms 1901:1926 These data indicate that Agave could rival currently used bioethanol feedstocks, particularly if the fermentation organisms and conditions were adapted to suit Agave leaf composition. 26305101 3 86 theme Agave 427:431 arg1 tequilana 433:441 Agave tequilana leaves 427:448 Agave tequilana leaves 427:448 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 5 87 theme soluble 801:807 arg1 sugars 809:814 soluble sugars 801:814 soluble sugars 801:814 Agave leaves are fruit-like--rich in moisture, soluble sugars and pectin. 26305101 4 88 theme Agave 520:524 arg1 content 556:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content 520:562 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 2 89 theme stem 312:315 arg1 tissue 317:322 the sugar-rich stem tissue 297:322 the sugar-rich stem tissue 297:322 Agave produces high yields of energy-rich biomass, and the sugar-rich stem tissue has traditionally been used to make alcoholic beverages. 26305101 11 90 dep 4000 1573:1576 arg1 to 1570:1571 to 1570:1571 to 1570:1571 Theoretically, up to 4000 L/ha/yr of bioethanol could be produced from juice extracted from waste Agave leaves. 26305101 9 91 theme fructan 1283:1289 arg1 oligosaccharides 1291:1306 the fructan oligosaccharides 1279:1306 the fructan oligosaccharides 1279:1306 Hydrolysis of the fructan oligosaccharides doubled the amount of fermentable fructose in A. tequilana leaf juice samples and the concentration of fermentable hexose sugars was 41-48 g/L. 26305101 6 92 theme dry 832:834 arg1 fiber 841:845 The dry leaf fiber 828:845 The dry leaf fiber 828:845 The dry leaf fiber was composed of crystalline cellulose (47-50% w/w) and non-cellulosic polysaccharides (16-22% w/w), and whole leaves were low in lignin (9-13% w/w). 26305101 3 93 dep tequilana 433:441 arg1 leaves 443:448 leaves 443:448 leaves 443:448 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 3 94 theme americana 413:421 arg1 compositions 391:402 the compositions 387:402 the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves 387:448 Here, the compositions of Agave americana and Agave tequilana leaves are determined, particularly in the context of bioethanol production. 26305101 4 95 theme non-cellulosic 603:616 arg1 polysaccharides 618:632 non-cellulosic polysaccharides 603:632 non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins 603:648 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 26305101 4 95 theme non-cellulosic 603:616 arg1 pectins 642:648 pectins 642:648 pectins 642:648 Agave leaf cell wall polysaccharide content was characterized by linkage analysis, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as pectins were observed by immuno-microscopy, and leaf juice composition was determined by liquid chromatography. 28564536 0 0 theme Extracellular 75:87 arg1 Polysaccharides 89:103 Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides 60:103 Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides 60:103 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 1 1 theme various 314:320 arg1 concentrations 322:335 various concentrations 314:335 various concentrations 314:335 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 2 2 theme carbon 598:603 arg1 substrates 605:614 carbon substrates 598:614 carbon substrates 598:614 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 5 3 theme previous 1130:1137 arg1 studies 1139:1145 previous studies 1130:1145 previous studies on feed C/N ratios 1130:1164 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 3 4 theme EPS 883:885 arg1 characteristics 855:869 the physicochemical characteristics 835:869 the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS 835:885 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 28564536 0 5 theme Bacterial 65:73 arg1 Polysaccharides 89:103 Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides 60:103 Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides 60:103 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 5 6 theme feed 1150:1153 arg1 ratios 1159:1164 feed C/N ratios 1150:1164 feed C/N ratios 1150:1164 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 2 7 theme monosaccharide 470:483 arg1 components 485:494 their monosaccharide components 464:494 their monosaccharide components 464:494 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 6 8 theme dependent 1444:1452 arg1 extent 1437:1442 some extent 1432:1442 some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition 1432:1517 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 2 9 theme specific 512:519 arg1 patterns 529:536 their specific linkage patterns 506:536 their specific linkage patterns 506:536 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 0 10 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Structure 47:55 the Monomeric Structure 33:55 the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion 33:126 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 1 11 used used 173:176 arg2 reactors 159:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 6 12 theme nutritional 1474:1484 arg1 environment 1486:1496 nutritional environment 1474:1496 nutritional environment 1474:1496 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 4 13 theme carbon 976:981 arg1 substrates 983:992 various carbon substrates 968:992 various carbon substrates 968:992 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 0 14 theme Polysaccharides 89:103 arg1 Structure 47:55 the Monomeric Structure 33:55 the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion 33:126 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 0 15 from Structure 47:55 arg1 Digestion 118:126 Anaerobic Digestion 108:126 Anaerobic Digestion 108:126 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 2 16 theme chemical 579:586 arg1 nature 588:593 different chemical nature 569:593 different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources 569:634 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 6 17 with EPS 1345:1347 arg1 mechanisms 1376:1385 underlying biofouling mechanisms 1354:1385 underlying biofouling mechanisms 1354:1385 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 3 18 theme major 805:809 arg1 composition 788:798 feed composition 783:798 feed composition 783:798 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 28564536 3 18 theme major 805:809 arg1 factor 811:816 a major factor 803:816 a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS 803:885 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 28564536 1 19 theme free 352:355 arg1 production 392:401 free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production 352:401 free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production 352:401 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 5 20 theme chemical 1229:1236 arg1 nature 1238:1243 the chemical nature 1225:1243 the chemical nature of the nitrogen source 1225:1266 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 0 21 theme Anaerobic 108:116 arg1 Digestion 118:126 Anaerobic Digestion 108:126 Anaerobic Digestion 108:126 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 1 22 theme extracellular 357:369 arg1 EPS 387:389 EPS 387:389 EPS 387:389 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 22 theme extracellular 357:369 arg1 polysaccharide 371:384 extracellular polysaccharide 357:384 free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production 352:401 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 2 23 theme nitrogen 619:626 arg1 sources 628:634 nitrogen sources 619:634 nitrogen sources 619:634 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 2 24 theme profound 670:677 arg1 consequences 690:701 profound biological consequences 670:701 profound biological consequences 670:701 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 1 25 theme different 183:191 arg1 compositions 198:209 different feed compositions 183:209 different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations 183:335 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 4 26 theme monomeric 1030:1038 arg1 composition 1051:1061 monomeric saccharide composition 1030:1061 monomeric saccharide composition 1030:1061 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 1 27 theme polysaccharide 371:384 arg1 production 392:401 free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production 352:401 free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production 352:401 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 6 28 theme membrane 1409:1416 arg1 fouling 1418:1424 membrane fouling 1409:1424 membrane fouling 1409:1424 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 4 29 theme various 968:974 arg1 substrates 983:992 various carbon substrates 968:992 various carbon substrates 968:992 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 2 30 theme present 742:748 arg1 macronutrients 727:740 macronutrients 727:740 macronutrients present in the feed 727:760 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 1 31 theme feed 193:196 arg1 compositions 198:209 different feed compositions 183:209 different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations 183:335 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 6 32 theme EPS 1345:1347 arg1 properties 1326:1335 the physiochemical properties 1307:1335 the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms 1307:1385 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 2 33 from nature 588:593 arg1 substrates 605:614 carbon substrates 598:614 carbon substrates 598:614 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 2 33 from nature 588:593 arg1 sources 628:634 nitrogen sources 619:634 nitrogen sources 619:634 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 0 34 theme Composition 18:28 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 0:127 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 1 35 theme nitrogen 280:287 arg1 sources 289:295 nitrogen sources 280:295 nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) 280:309 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 35 theme nitrogen 280:287 arg1 urea 298:301 urea 298:301 urea 298:301 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 6 36 theme underlying 1354:1363 arg1 mechanisms 1376:1385 underlying biofouling mechanisms 1354:1385 underlying biofouling mechanisms 1354:1385 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 6 37 theme feed 1502:1505 arg1 composition 1507:1517 feed composition 1502:1517 feed composition 1502:1517 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 0 38 theme Feed 13:16 arg1 Composition 18:28 Feed Composition 13:28 Feed Composition 13:28 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 1 39 theme sources 289:295 arg1 range 224:228 a range 222:228 a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) 222:309 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 5 40 theme nitrogen 1252:1259 arg1 source 1261:1266 the nitrogen source 1248:1266 the nitrogen source 1248:1266 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 4 41 theme nitrogen 1001:1008 arg1 sources 1010:1016 nitrogen sources 1001:1016 nitrogen sources 1001:1016 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 5 42 from variations 1211:1220 arg1 nature 1238:1243 the chemical nature 1225:1243 the chemical nature of the nitrogen source 1225:1266 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 6 43 theme free 1340:1343 arg1 EPS 1345:1347 free EPS 1340:1347 free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms 1340:1385 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 4 44 theme EPS 1094:1096 arg1 concentrations 1067:1080 concentrations 1067:1080 concentrations of the free EPS 1067:1096 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 4 44 theme EPS 1094:1096 arg1 composition 1051:1061 monomeric saccharide composition 1030:1061 monomeric saccharide composition 1030:1061 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 4 45 theme sources 1010:1016 arg1 digestion 955:963 the digestion 951:963 the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources 951:1016 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 2 46 theme linkage 521:527 arg1 patterns 529:536 their specific linkage patterns 506:536 their specific linkage patterns 506:536 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 1 47 dep carbohydrates 233:245 arg1 glucose 248:254 glucose 248:254 glucose 248:254 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 47 dep carbohydrates 233:245 arg1 fructose 266:273 fructose 266:273 fructose 266:273 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 47 dep carbohydrates 233:245 arg1 sucrose 257:263 sucrose 257:263 sucrose 257:263 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 2 48 from present 742:748 arg1 feed 757:760 the feed 753:760 the feed 753:760 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 6 49 theme biofouling 1365:1374 arg1 mechanisms 1376:1385 underlying biofouling mechanisms 1354:1385 underlying biofouling mechanisms 1354:1385 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 2 50 contain have 665:668 arg1 parameters 650:659 these parameters 644:659 these parameters 644:659 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 2 50 contain have 665:668 arg1 all 637:639 all 637:639 all 637:639 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 2 50 contain have 665:668 arg2 consequences 690:701 profound biological consequences 670:701 profound biological consequences 670:701 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 2 51 theme different 569:577 arg1 nature 588:593 different chemical nature 569:593 different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources 569:634 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 5 52 theme Such 1099:1102 arg1 insights 1104:1111 Such insights 1099:1111 Such insights 1099:1111 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 2 53 from feed 757:760 arg1 present 742:748 present 742:748 present 742:748 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 1 54 dep urea 298:301 arg1 NH4Cl 304:308 NH4Cl 304:308 NH4Cl 304:308 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 0 55 theme Monomeric 37:45 arg1 Structure 47:55 the Monomeric Structure 33:55 the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion 33:126 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 3 56 theme physicochemical 839:853 arg1 characteristics 855:869 the physicochemical characteristics 835:869 the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS 835:885 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 28564536 2 57 attach present 742:748 arg2 macronutrients 727:740 macronutrients 727:740 macronutrients present in the feed 727:760 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 2 57 attach present 742:748 arg1 feed 757:760 the feed 753:760 the feed 753:760 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 1 58 theme anaerobic 410:418 arg1 AD 431:432 AD 431:432 AD 431:432 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 58 theme anaerobic 410:418 arg1 digestion 420:428 anaerobic digestion 410:428 anaerobic digestion (AD) 410:433 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 2 59 theme biological 679:688 arg1 consequences 690:701 profound biological consequences 670:701 profound biological consequences 670:701 This work analyzed not only their monosaccharide components, but also their specific linkage patterns and the change associated with different chemical nature in carbon substrates or nitrogen sources; all of these parameters can have profound biological consequences, and were correlated to macronutrients present in the feed. 28564536 1 60 theme 5.0-L 133:137 arg1 reactors 159:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 4 61 theme free 1089:1092 arg1 EPS 1094:1096 the free EPS 1085:1096 the free EPS 1085:1096 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 1 62 theme carbohydrates 233:245 arg1 range 224:228 a range 222:228 a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) 222:309 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 63 theme fill-and-draw 139:151 arg1 reactors 159:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 0 64 theme Free 60:63 arg1 Polysaccharides 89:103 Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides 60:103 Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides 60:103 Influence of Feed Composition on the Monomeric Structure of Free Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Anaerobic Digestion. 28564536 1 65 contain containing 211:220 arg2 range 224:228 a range 222:228 a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) 222:309 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 1 65 contain containing 211:220 arg1 compositions 198:209 different feed compositions 183:209 different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations 183:335 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 5 66 theme C/N 1155:1157 arg1 ratios 1159:1164 feed C/N ratios 1150:1164 feed C/N ratios 1150:1164 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 5 67 theme source 1261:1266 arg1 nature 1238:1243 the chemical nature 1225:1243 the chemical nature of the nitrogen source 1225:1266 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 1 68 theme batch 153:157 arg1 reactors 159:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors 129:166 Six 5.0-L fill-and-draw batch reactors were used with different feed compositions containing a range of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, fructose) and nitrogen sources (urea, NH4Cl) at various concentrations to investigate free extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production during anaerobic digestion (AD). 28564536 5 69 theme EPS 1189:1191 arg1 production 1193:1202 EPS production 1189:1202 EPS production 1189:1202 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 6 70 theme physiochemical 1311:1324 arg1 properties 1326:1335 the physiochemical properties 1307:1335 the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms 1307:1385 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 5 71 from studies 1139:1145 arg1 ratios 1159:1164 feed C/N ratios 1150:1164 feed C/N ratios 1150:1164 Such insights demonstrate that previous studies on feed C/N ratios tended to overestimate EPS production, while variations in the chemical nature of the nitrogen source were overlooked. 28564536 4 72 theme substrates 983:992 arg1 digestion 955:963 the digestion 951:963 the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources 951:1016 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 4 73 theme saccharide 1040:1049 arg1 composition 1051:1061 monomeric saccharide composition 1030:1061 monomeric saccharide composition 1030:1061 Our findings also suggest that the differences associated with the digestion of various carbon substrates and/or nitrogen sources could alter monomeric saccharide composition and concentrations of the free EPS. 28564536 6 74 theme prevailing 1463:1472 arg1 environment 1486:1496 nutritional environment 1474:1496 nutritional environment 1474:1496 Our results also link the physiochemical properties of free EPS with underlying biofouling mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing nutritional environment and feed composition. 28564536 3 75 theme free 878:881 arg1 EPS 883:885 the free EPS 874:885 the free EPS 874:885 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 28564536 3 76 theme feed 783:786 arg1 composition 788:798 feed composition 783:798 feed composition 783:798 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 28564536 3 76 theme feed 783:786 arg1 factor 811:816 a major factor 803:816 a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS 803:885 It is believed that feed composition is a major factor which determines the physicochemical characteristics of the free EPS. 27083791 0 0 theme antifungal 85:94 arg1 materials 96:104 antifungal materials 85:104 antifungal materials 85:104 Self-bonded composite films based on cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals as antifungal materials. 27083791 5 1 theme nanocrystals 727:738 arg1 activity 708:715 Antifungal activity 697:715 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals 697:738 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 3 2 theme Infrared 550:557 arg1 spectroscopy 559:570 Infrared spectroscopy 550:570 Infrared spectroscopy 550:570 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy. 27083791 6 3 theme composite 1083:1091 arg1 properties 1065:1074 the mechanical properties 1050:1074 the mechanical properties of the composite 1050:1091 The addition of chitin nanocrystals reduced slightly the mechanical properties of the composite. 27083791 7 4 theme fungus 1166:1171 arg1 growth 1141:1146 the growth 1137:1146 the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites 1137:1204 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 4 5 theme Self-bonded 573:583 arg1 films 595:599 Self-bonded composite films 573:599 Self-bonded composite films with different composition 573:626 Self-bonded composite films with different composition were fabricated by hot pressing and their properties were evaluated. 27083791 5 6 theme contact 975:981 arg1 method 989:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 1 7 theme lobster 266:272 arg1 residues 285:292 lobster industrial residues 266:292 lobster industrial residues 266:292 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 8 theme sessile 962:968 arg1 method 989:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 1 9 theme industrial 274:283 arg1 residues 285:292 lobster industrial residues 266:292 lobster industrial residues 266:292 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 10 theme mechanical 793:802 arg1 properties 804:813 mechanical properties 793:813 mechanical properties at tension 793:824 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 7 11 theme composites 1195:1204 arg1 surface 1180:1186 the surface 1176:1186 the surface of the composites 1176:1204 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 5 12 theme drop 970:973 arg1 method 989:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 5 13 theme angle 983:987 arg1 method 989:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 5 14 theme Antifungal 697:706 arg1 activity 708:715 Antifungal activity 697:715 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals 697:738 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 2 15 theme Cellulose 295:303 arg1 nanofibers 305:314 Cellulose nanofibers 295:314 Cellulose nanofibers 295:314 Cellulose nanofibers were obtained using high pressure homogenization, while chitin nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis in acid medium. 27083791 3 16 theme chitin 461:466 arg1 nanocrystals 468:479 chitin nanocrystals 461:479 chitin nanocrystals 461:479 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy. 27083791 1 17 theme agricultural 176:187 arg1 by-products 206:216 agricultural and aquacultural by-products 176:216 agricultural and aquacultural by-products 176:216 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 18 theme water 874:878 arg1 permeability 886:897 water vapor permeability 874:897 water vapor permeability 874:897 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 2 19 theme acid 423:426 arg1 medium 428:433 acid medium 423:433 acid medium 423:433 Cellulose nanofibers were obtained using high pressure homogenization, while chitin nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis in acid medium. 27083791 0 20 theme composite 12:20 arg1 films 22:26 Self-bonded composite films 0:26 Self-bonded composite films 0:26 Self-bonded composite films based on cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals as antifungal materials. 27083791 2 21 theme pressure 341:348 arg1 homogenization 350:363 high pressure homogenization 336:363 high pressure homogenization 336:363 Cellulose nanofibers were obtained using high pressure homogenization, while chitin nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis in acid medium. 27083791 5 22 with tension 949:955 arg1 method 989:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 1 23 theme aquacultural 193:204 arg1 by-products 206:216 agricultural and aquacultural by-products 176:216 agricultural and aquacultural by-products 176:216 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 0 24 theme Self-bonded 0:10 arg1 films 22:26 Self-bonded composite films 0:26 Self-bonded composite films 0:26 Self-bonded composite films based on cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals as antifungal materials. 27083791 6 25 theme mechanical 1054:1063 arg1 properties 1065:1074 the mechanical properties 1050:1074 the mechanical properties of the composite 1050:1091 The addition of chitin nanocrystals reduced slightly the mechanical properties of the composite. 27083791 5 26 theme chitin 720:725 arg1 nanocrystals 727:738 chitin nanocrystals 720:738 chitin nanocrystals 720:738 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 7 27 theme Aspergillus 1151:1161 arg1 fungus 1166:1171 Aspergillus sp fungus 1151:1171 Aspergillus sp fungus 1151:1171 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 2 28 theme high 336:339 arg1 homogenization 350:363 high pressure homogenization 336:363 high pressure homogenization 336:363 Cellulose nanofibers were obtained using high pressure homogenization, while chitin nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis in acid medium. 27083791 1 29 theme by-products 206:216 arg1 components 162:171 two main components 153:171 two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products 153:216 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 1 29 theme by-products 206:216 arg1 nanofibers 117:126 Cellulose nanofibers 107:126 Cellulose nanofibers 107:126 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 30 theme vapor 880:884 arg1 permeability 886:897 water vapor permeability 874:897 water vapor permeability 874:897 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 7 31 theme sp 1163:1164 arg1 fungus 1166:1171 Aspergillus sp fungus 1151:1171 Aspergillus sp fungus 1151:1171 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 1 32 theme Cellulose 107:115 arg1 components 162:171 two main components 153:171 two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products 153:216 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 1 32 theme Cellulose 107:115 arg1 nanofibers 117:126 Cellulose nanofibers 107:126 Cellulose nanofibers 107:126 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 33 theme cell 774:777 arg1 count 779:783 a Cellometer(®) cell count 758:783 a Cellometer(®) cell count device 758:790 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 0 34 theme cellulose 37:45 arg1 nanofibers 47:56 cellulose nanofibers 37:56 cellulose nanofibers 37:56 Self-bonded composite films based on cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals as antifungal materials. 27083791 5 35 theme count 779:783 arg1 device 785:790 a Cellometer(®) cell count device 758:790 a Cellometer(®) cell count device 758:790 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 5 36 theme surface 941:947 arg1 tension 949:955 surface tension 941:955 surface tension 941:955 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 5 37 theme universal 847:855 arg1 machine 865:871 a universal testing machine 845:871 a universal testing machine 845:871 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 6 38 theme nanocrystals 1020:1031 arg1 addition 1001:1008 The addition 997:1008 The addition of chitin nanocrystals 997:1031 The addition of chitin nanocrystals reduced slightly the mechanical properties of the composite. 27083791 4 39 theme hot 647:649 arg1 pressing 651:658 hot pressing 647:658 hot pressing 647:658 Self-bonded composite films with different composition were fabricated by hot pressing and their properties were evaluated. 27083791 3 40 theme X-ray 503:507 arg1 diffraction 509:519 X-ray diffraction 503:519 X-ray diffraction 503:519 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy. 27083791 5 41 theme testing 857:863 arg1 machine 865:871 a universal testing machine 845:871 a universal testing machine 845:871 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 4 42 theme composite 585:593 arg1 films 595:599 Self-bonded composite films 573:599 Self-bonded composite films with different composition 573:626 Self-bonded composite films with different composition were fabricated by hot pressing and their properties were evaluated. 27083791 1 43 dep agave 243:247 arg1 residues 285:292 lobster industrial residues 266:292 lobster industrial residues 266:292 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 44 dep thermohygrometer 920:935 arg1 a 918:918 a 918:918 a 918:918 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 7 45 theme chitin 1106:1111 arg1 nanocrystals 1113:1124 chitin nanocrystals 1106:1124 chitin nanocrystals 1106:1124 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 2 46 theme chitin 372:377 arg1 nanocrystals 379:390 chitin nanocrystals 372:390 chitin nanocrystals 372:390 Cellulose nanofibers were obtained using high pressure homogenization, while chitin nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis in acid medium. 27083791 3 47 theme Cellulose 436:444 arg1 nanofibers 446:455 Cellulose nanofibers 436:455 Cellulose nanofibers 436:455 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy. 27083791 4 48 theme different 606:614 arg1 composition 616:626 different composition 606:626 different composition 606:626 Self-bonded composite films with different composition were fabricated by hot pressing and their properties were evaluated. 27083791 5 49 theme Cellometer 760:769 arg1 count 779:783 a Cellometer(®) cell count 758:783 a Cellometer(®) cell count device 758:790 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 7 50 theme nanocrystals 1113:1124 arg1 Presence 1094:1101 Presence 1094:1101 Presence of chitin nanocrystals 1094:1124 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 1 51 theme chitin 132:137 arg1 nanocrystals 139:150 chitin nanocrystals 132:150 chitin nanocrystals 132:150 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 52 with thermohygrometer 920:935 arg1 method 989:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 sessile drop contact angle method 962:994 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 3 53 theme Atomic 522:527 arg1 Microscopy 535:544 Atomic Force Microscopy 522:544 Atomic Force Microscopy 522:544 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy. 27083791 4 54 with films 595:599 arg1 composition 616:626 different composition 606:626 different composition 606:626 Self-bonded composite films with different composition were fabricated by hot pressing and their properties were evaluated. 27083791 1 55 theme blue 238:241 arg1 agave 243:247 blue agave 238:247 blue agave 238:247 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 5 56 theme ® 771:771 arg1 count 779:783 a Cellometer(®) cell count 758:783 a Cellometer(®) cell count device 758:790 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 5 57 from tension 818:824 arg1 properties 804:813 mechanical properties 793:813 mechanical properties at tension 793:824 Antifungal activity of chitin nanocrystals was studied using a Cellometer(®) cell count device, mechanical properties at tension were measured with a universal testing machine, water vapor permeability was evaluated with a thermohygrometer and surface tension with sessile drop contact angle method. 27083791 3 58 theme Force 529:533 arg1 Microscopy 535:544 Atomic Force Microscopy 522:544 Atomic Force Microscopy 522:544 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Infrared spectroscopy. 27083791 0 59 theme chitin 62:67 arg1 nanocrystals 69:80 chitin nanocrystals 62:80 chitin nanocrystals 62:80 Self-bonded composite films based on cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals as antifungal materials. 27083791 7 60 from growth 1141:1146 arg1 surface 1180:1186 the surface 1176:1186 the surface of the composites 1176:1204 Presence of chitin nanocrystals influenced the growth of Aspergillus sp fungus in the surface of the composites as expected. 27083791 1 61 theme main 157:160 arg1 components 162:171 two main components 153:171 two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products 153:216 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 1 61 theme main 157:160 arg1 nanofibers 117:126 Cellulose nanofibers 107:126 Cellulose nanofibers 107:126 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27083791 6 62 theme chitin 1013:1018 arg1 nanocrystals 1020:1031 chitin nanocrystals 1013:1031 chitin nanocrystals 1013:1031 The addition of chitin nanocrystals reduced slightly the mechanical properties of the composite. 27083791 1 63 theme yellow 253:258 arg1 squat 260:264 yellow squat 253:264 yellow squat 253:264 Cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals, two main components of agricultural and aquacultural by-products, were obtained from blue agave and yellow squat lobster industrial residues. 27723474 5 0 theme pH 739:740 arg1 2.0-10.0 753:760 2.0-10.0 753:760 2.0-10.0 753:760 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 27723474 5 0 theme pH 739:740 arg1 stability 742:750 pH stability 739:750 pH stability (2.0-10.0) 739:761 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 27723474 8 1 theme application 1114:1124 arg1 potentials 1126:1135 the application potentials 1110:1135 the application potentials in various industries 1110:1157 Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries. 27723474 2 2 theme 2.0-6.0 341:347 arg1 range 332:336 the pH range 325:336 the pH range of 2.0-6.0 325:347 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 6 3 dep subsites 886:893 arg1 to 898:899 to 898:899 to 898:899 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 6 4 theme simulation 783:792 arg1 analysis 794:801 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis 764:801 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis 764:801 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 8 5 contain has 1106:1108 arg2 potentials 1126:1135 the application potentials 1110:1135 the application potentials in various industries 1110:1157 Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries. 27723474 8 5 contain has 1106:1108 arg1 TlXyn10A_P 1043:1052 TlXyn10A_P 1043:1052 TlXyn10A_P 1043:1052 Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries. 27723474 3 6 from sp 625:626 arg1 ones 584:587 corresponding ones 570:587 corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp 570:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 3 6 from sp 625:626 arg1 Xyl10C 605:610 hyperthermal Xyl10C 592:610 hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp 592:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 6 7 theme dynamics 774:781 arg1 simulation 783:792 Molecular dynamics simulation 764:792 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis 764:801 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 6 8 theme Molecular 764:772 arg1 simulation 783:792 Molecular dynamics simulation 764:792 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis 764:801 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 2 9 dep 90°C. 356:360 arg1 identified 392:401 identified 392:401 identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting 392:458 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 2 10 theme TlXyn10A 383:390 arg1 analysis 371:378 Sequence analysis 362:378 Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A 362:390 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 5 11 dep subsites 665:672 arg1 to 677:678 to 677:678 to 677:678 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 27723474 6 12 theme substrate 864:872 arg1 affinity 874:881 the substrate affinity 860:881 the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4 860:902 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 2 13 theme contacting 449:458 arg1 substrate 439:447 substrate contacting 439:458 substrate contacting 439:458 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 0 14 from performance 29:39 arg1 leycettanus 95:105 leycettanus 95:105 leycettanus 95:105 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 8 15 theme wheat 1076:1080 arg1 straw 1082:1086 wheat straw 1076:1086 wheat straw 1076:1086 Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries. 27723474 6 16 theme hydrogen 935:942 arg1 bond 944:947 a new hydrogen bond 929:947 a new hydrogen bond 929:947 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 8 17 from potentials 1126:1135 arg1 industries 1148:1157 various industries 1140:1157 various industries 1140:1157 Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries. 27723474 2 18 from 90°C. 356:360 arg1 stable 313:318 stable 313:318 stable 313:318 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 2 19 theme Sequence 362:369 arg1 analysis 371:378 Sequence analysis 362:378 Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A 362:390 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 0 20 theme catalytic 19:27 arg1 performance 29:39 the catalytic performance 15:39 the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 15:114 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 3 21 dep mutants 467:473 arg1 _N 488:489 _N 488:489 _N 488:489 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 3 21 dep mutants 467:473 arg1 mutants 467:473 Three mutants 461:473 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) 461:497 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 3 21 dep mutants 467:473 arg1 _C 495:496 _C 495:496 _C 495:496 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 5 22 with TlXyn10A_P 636:645 arg1 mutations 652:660 mutations 652:660 mutations at subsites +2 to +4 652:681 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 27723474 6 23 dep mutations 818:826 arg1 mutations 818:826 mutations 818:826 mutations E229I and F232E 818:842 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 6 23 dep mutations 818:826 arg1 F232E 838:842 F232E 838:842 F232E 838:842 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 6 23 dep mutations 818:826 arg1 E229I 828:832 E229I 828:832 E229I 828:832 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 5 24 theme improved 693:700 arg1 activity 711:718 improved specific activity 693:718 improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) 693:733 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 27723474 3 25 theme corresponding 570:582 arg1 ones 584:587 corresponding ones 570:587 corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp 570:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 3 26 from ones 584:587 arg1 sp 625:626 Bispora sp 617:626 Bispora sp 617:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 0 27 theme performance 29:39 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 0:115 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 5 28 theme specific 702:709 arg1 activity 711:718 improved specific activity 693:718 improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) 693:733 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 27723474 3 29 theme Bispora 617:623 arg1 sp 625:626 Bispora sp 617:626 Bispora sp 617:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 6 30 from subsites 886:893 arg1 affinity 874:881 the substrate affinity 860:881 the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4 860:902 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 8 31 theme various 1140:1146 arg1 industries 1148:1157 various industries 1140:1157 various industries 1140:1157 Moreover, TlXyn10A_P was able to hydrolyze wheat straw persistently, and has the application potentials in various industries. 27723474 0 32 theme hyperthermostable 46:62 arg1 xylanase 69:76 a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase 44:76 a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 44:114 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 6 33 theme new 931:933 arg1 bond 944:947 a new hydrogen bond 929:947 a new hydrogen bond 929:947 Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that mutations E229I and F232E probably weaken the substrate affinity at subsites +3 to +4, and G149D may introduce a new hydrogen bond. 27723474 1 34 theme xylanase 119:126 arg1 Tlxyn10A 143:150 Tlxyn10A 143:150 Tlxyn10A 143:150 A xylanase gene of GH 10, Tlxyn10A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 27723474 1 34 theme xylanase 119:126 arg1 gene 128:131 A xylanase gene 117:131 A xylanase gene of GH 10 117:140 A xylanase gene of GH 10, Tlxyn10A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 27723474 7 35 theme TlXyn10A_P 1021:1030 arg1 performance 1006:1016 the improved performance 993:1016 the improved performance of TlXyn10A_P 993:1030 These modifications altogether account for the improved performance of TlXyn10A_P. 27723474 3 36 theme hyperthermal 592:603 arg1 Xyl10C 605:610 hyperthermal Xyl10C 592:610 hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp 592:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 7 37 theme improved 997:1004 arg1 performance 1006:1016 the improved performance 993:1016 the improved performance of TlXyn10A_P 993:1030 These modifications altogether account for the improved performance of TlXyn10A_P. 27723474 3 38 theme Xyl10C 605:610 arg1 ones 584:587 corresponding ones 570:587 corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp 570:626 Three mutants (TlXyn10A_P, _N and _C) were then constructed by substituting some or all of the residues with corresponding ones of hyperthermal Xyl10C from Bispora sp. 27723474 2 39 theme pH 329:330 arg1 range 332:336 the pH range 325:336 the pH range of 2.0-6.0 325:347 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 1 40 theme GH 136:137 arg1 Tlxyn10A 143:150 Tlxyn10A 143:150 Tlxyn10A 143:150 A xylanase gene of GH 10, Tlxyn10A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 27723474 1 40 theme GH 136:137 arg1 gene 128:131 A xylanase gene 117:131 A xylanase gene of GH 10 117:140 A xylanase gene of GH 10, Tlxyn10A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 27723474 1 41 theme Pichia 219:224 arg1 pastoris 226:233 Pichia pastoris 219:233 Pichia pastoris 219:233 A xylanase gene of GH 10, Tlxyn10A, was cloned from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 and expressed in Pichia pastoris. 27723474 0 42 theme xylanase 69:76 arg1 performance 29:39 the catalytic performance 15:39 the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 15:114 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 0 43 from leycettanus 95:105 arg1 xylanase 69:76 a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase 44:76 a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 44:114 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 0 43 from leycettanus 95:105 arg1 performance 29:39 the catalytic performance 15:39 the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 15:114 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 2 44 theme recombinant 245:255 arg1 TlXyn10A 257:264 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A 236:264 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A 236:264 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 0 45 theme GH10 64:67 arg1 xylanase 69:76 a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase 44:76 a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 44:114 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a hyperthermostable GH10 xylanase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. 27723474 2 46 theme Purified 236:243 arg1 TlXyn10A 257:264 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A 236:264 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A 236:264 Purified recombinant TlXyn10A was acidic and hyperthermophilic, and retained stable over the pH range of 2.0-6.0 and at 90°C. Sequence analysis of TlXyn10A identified seven residues probably involved in substrate contacting. 27723474 5 47 from subsites 665:672 arg1 mutations 652:660 mutations 652:660 mutations at subsites +2 to +4 652:681 TlXyn10A_P with mutations at subsites +2 to +4 exhibited improved specific activity (by 0.44-fold) and pH stability (2.0-10.0). 28128557 1 0 theme white 303:307 arg1 wines 309:313 white wines 303:313 white wines 303:313 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 6 1 located present 1416:1422 arg2 esters 1404:1409 their ethyl esters 1392:1409 their ethyl esters 1392:1409 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 1 located present 1416:1422 arg1 concentrations 1480:1493 significantly higher concentrations 1459:1493 significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines 1459:1524 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 1 located present 1416:1422 arg1 wines 1450:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 1 located present 1416:1422 arg1 Charmat 1427:1433 Charmat 1427:1433 Charmat 1427:1433 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 1 located present 1416:1422 arg2 acids 1382:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 1 2 theme ester 228:232 arg1 content 234:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 6 3 theme quality 1562:1568 arg1 ratings 1570:1576 quality ratings 1562:1576 quality ratings 1562:1576 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 0 4 dep Carbonated 106:115 arg1 Wines 137:141 White Wines 131:141 White Wines 131:141 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 7 5 theme factors 1663:1669 arg1 understanding 1628:1640 a better understanding 1619:1640 a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine 1619:1723 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 7 6 with industry 1605:1612 arg1 understanding 1628:1640 a better understanding 1619:1640 a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine 1619:1723 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 4 7 theme Bottle-fermented 790:805 arg1 Traditionelle 815:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle 790:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle 790:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 0 8 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Properties 68:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 8 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Quality 84:90 Quality 84:90 Quality 84:90 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 8 from Influence 0:8 arg1 Composition 47:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 4 9 link grape-derived 962:974 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans 976:994 grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans 962:994 grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans 962:994 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 2 10 theme sparkling 657:665 arg1 wines 667:671 other sparkling wines 651:671 other sparkling wines 651:671 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 6 11 theme bottle-fermented 1503:1518 arg1 wines 1520:1524 bottle-fermented wines 1503:1524 bottle-fermented wines 1503:1524 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 4 12 theme wine 1093:1096 arg1 styles 1098:1103 sparkling wine styles 1083:1103 sparkling wine styles 1083:1103 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 1 13 theme = 396:396 arg1 n 394:394 n = 20 394:399 n = 20 394:399 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 13 theme = 396:396 arg1 Traditionelle 379:391 Traditionelle 379:391 Traditionelle 379:391 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 6 14 from wines 1450:1454 arg1 present 1416:1422 present 1416:1422 present 1416:1422 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 1 15 theme = 433:433 arg1 Charmat 422:428 Charmat 422:428 Charmat (n = 10) 422:437 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 15 theme = 433:433 arg1 n 431:431 n = 10 431:436 n = 10 431:436 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 6 16 theme carbonated 1439:1448 arg1 wines 1450:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 17 theme Fatty 1282:1286 arg1 acids 1288:1292 Fatty acids 1282:1292 Fatty acids 1282:1292 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 18 theme higher 1473:1478 arg1 concentrations 1480:1493 significantly higher concentrations 1459:1493 significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines 1459:1524 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 2 19 theme Méthode 480:486 arg1 wines 502:506 Méthode Traditionelle wines 480:506 Méthode Traditionelle wines 480:506 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 2 20 theme Traditionelle 488:500 arg1 wines 502:506 Méthode Traditionelle wines 480:506 Méthode Traditionelle wines 480:506 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 6 21 theme foaming 1336:1342 arg1 properties 1344:1353 foaming properties 1336:1353 foaming properties 1336:1353 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 4 22 theme polysaccharide 1012:1025 arg1 concentrations 1027:1040 total polysaccharide concentrations 1006:1040 total polysaccharide concentrations 1006:1040 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 4 23 theme Méthode 807:813 arg1 Traditionelle 815:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle 790:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle 790:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 6 24 from present 1416:1422 arg1 Charmat 1427:1433 Charmat 1427:1433 Charmat 1427:1433 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 24 from present 1416:1422 arg1 wines 1450:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 5 25 theme amino 1111:1115 arg1 acids 1117:1121 Free amino acids 1106:1121 Free amino acids 1106:1121 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 6 26 theme octanoic 1360:1367 arg1 acids 1382:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 5 27 theme grape 1265:1269 arg1 varieties 1271:1279 nontraditional grape varieties 1250:1279 nontraditional grape varieties 1250:1279 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 1 28 theme key 338:340 arg1 methods 353:359 the four key production methods 329:359 the four key production methods 329:359 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 4 29 theme transfer 833:840 arg1 wines 842:846 transfer wines 833:846 transfer wines 833:846 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 6 30 from Charmat 1427:1433 arg1 present 1416:1422 present 1416:1422 present 1416:1422 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 5 31 theme varieties 1271:1279 arg1 inclusion 1237:1245 the inclusion 1233:1245 the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties 1233:1279 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 4 32 theme mannoproteins 895:907 arg1 proportions 866:876 greater proportions 858:876 greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins 858:907 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 1 33 theme foaming 244:250 arg1 properties 252:261 foaming properties 244:261 foaming properties 244:261 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 7 34 theme white 1714:1718 arg1 wine 1720:1723 sparkling white wine 1704:1723 sparkling white wine 1704:1723 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 4 35 link yeast-derived 881:893 arg1 mannoproteins 895:907 yeast-derived mannoproteins 881:907 yeast-derived mannoproteins 881:907 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 2 36 theme total 629:633 arg1 phenolics 635:643 residual sugar and total phenolics 610:643 phenolics 635:643 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 0 37 theme Method 24:29 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 0:142 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 7 38 theme Research 1579:1586 arg1 findings 1588:1595 Research findings 1579:1595 Research findings 1579:1595 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 4 39 contain contained 848:856 arg1 Traditionelle 815:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle 790:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle 790:827 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 4 39 contain contained 848:856 arg1 wines 842:846 transfer wines 833:846 transfer wines 833:846 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 4 39 contain contained 848:856 arg2 proportions 866:876 greater proportions 858:876 greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins 858:907 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 7 40 theme better 1621:1626 arg1 understanding 1628:1640 a better understanding 1619:1640 a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine 1619:1723 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 0 41 theme Production 13:22 arg1 Method 24:29 Production Method 13:29 Production Method 13:29 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 42 theme Carbonated 106:115 arg1 Properties 68:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 42 theme Carbonated 106:115 arg1 Quality 84:90 Quality 84:90 Quality 84:90 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 42 theme Carbonated 106:115 arg1 Composition 47:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 1 43 theme production 342:351 arg1 methods 353:359 the four key production methods 329:359 the four key production methods 329:359 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 44 theme chemical 148:155 arg1 composition 157:167 The chemical composition 144:167 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content) 144:241 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 4 45 theme total 1006:1010 arg1 concentrations 1027:1040 total polysaccharide concentrations 1006:1040 total polysaccharide concentrations 1006:1040 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 3 46 theme protein 766:772 arg1 concentrations 774:787 higher protein concentrations 759:787 higher protein concentrations 759:787 They also exhibited higher foam volume and stability, which might be attributable to higher protein concentrations. 28128557 5 47 theme Free 1106:1109 arg1 acids 1117:1121 Free amino acids 1106:1121 Free amino acids 1106:1121 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 5 48 theme nontraditional 1250:1263 arg1 varieties 1271:1279 nontraditional grape varieties 1250:1279 nontraditional grape varieties 1250:1279 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 0 49 theme White 131:135 arg1 Wines 137:141 White Wines 131:141 White Wines 131:141 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 2 50 theme residual 610:617 arg1 sugar 619:623 residual sugar and total phenolics 610:643 sugar 619:623 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 1 51 theme amino 195:199 arg1 acid 201:204 amino acid 195:204 amino acid 195:204 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 2 52 theme other 651:655 arg1 wines 667:671 other sparkling wines 651:671 other sparkling wines 651:671 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 0 53 theme Sparkling 121:129 arg1 Properties 68:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 53 theme Sparkling 121:129 arg1 Quality 84:90 Quality 84:90 Quality 84:90 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 0 53 theme Sparkling 121:129 arg1 Composition 47:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 4 54 theme Charmat 918:924 arg1 wines 941:945 Charmat and carbonated wines 918:945 Charmat and carbonated wines 918:945 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 4 55 theme yeast-derived 881:893 arg1 mannoproteins 895:907 yeast-derived mannoproteins 881:907 yeast-derived mannoproteins 881:907 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 1 56 dep composition 157:167 arg1 protein 170:176 protein 170:176 protein 170:176 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 56 dep composition 157:167 arg1 content 234:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 56 dep composition 157:167 arg1 polysaccharide 179:192 polysaccharide 179:192 polysaccharide 179:192 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 56 dep composition 157:167 arg1 acid 201:204 amino acid 195:204 amino acid 195:204 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 57 theme = 415:415 arg1 n 413:413 n = 10 413:418 n = 10 413:418 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 57 theme = 415:415 arg1 transfer 403:410 transfer 403:410 transfer (n = 10) 403:419 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 7 58 theme compositional 1649:1661 arg1 factors 1663:1669 the compositional factors 1645:1669 the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine 1645:1723 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 0 59 theme Chemical 38:45 arg1 Composition 47:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 the Chemical Composition 34:57 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 7 60 theme sparkling 1704:1712 arg1 wine 1720:1723 sparkling white wine 1704:1723 sparkling white wine 1704:1723 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 5 61 from wines 1156:1160 arg1 abundant 1133:1140 abundant 1133:1140 abundant 1133:1140 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 6 62 theme ethyl 1398:1402 arg1 esters 1404:1409 their ethyl esters 1392:1409 their ethyl esters 1392:1409 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 7 63 dep style 1683:1687 arg1 the 1679:1681 the 1679:1681 the 1679:1681 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 1 64 theme = 459:459 arg1 carbonation 444:454 carbonation 444:454 carbonation (n = 10) 444:463 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 64 theme = 459:459 arg1 n 457:457 n = 10 457:462 n = 10 457:462 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 65 theme Australian 282:291 arg1 composition 157:167 The chemical composition 144:167 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content) 144:241 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 65 theme Australian 282:291 arg1 properties 252:261 foaming properties 244:261 foaming properties 244:261 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 1 65 theme Australian 282:291 arg1 quality 268:274 quality 268:274 quality 268:274 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 5 66 from abundant 1133:1140 arg1 wines 1156:1160 carbonated wines 1145:1160 carbonated wines 1145:1160 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 3 67 theme higher 694:699 arg1 volume 706:711 higher foam volume 694:711 higher foam volume 694:711 They also exhibited higher foam volume and stability, which might be attributable to higher protein concentrations. 28128557 7 68 theme wine 1720:1723 arg1 quality 1693:1699 quality 1693:1699 quality 1693:1699 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 7 68 theme wine 1720:1723 arg1 style 1683:1687 style 1683:1687 style 1683:1687 Research findings provide industry with a better understanding of the compositional factors driving the style and quality of sparkling white wine. 28128557 3 69 theme foam 701:704 arg1 volume 706:711 higher foam volume 694:711 higher foam volume 694:711 They also exhibited higher foam volume and stability, which might be attributable to higher protein concentrations. 28128557 3 70 theme higher 759:764 arg1 concentrations 774:787 higher protein concentrations 759:787 higher protein concentrations 759:787 They also exhibited higher foam volume and stability, which might be attributable to higher protein concentrations. 28128557 6 71 from concentrations 1480:1493 arg1 wines 1520:1524 bottle-fermented wines 1503:1524 bottle-fermented wines 1503:1524 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 71 from concentrations 1480:1493 arg1 present 1416:1422 present 1416:1422 present 1416:1422 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 5 72 theme primary 1200:1206 arg1 fermentation 1208:1219 primary fermentation 1200:1219 primary fermentation only 1200:1224 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 0 73 theme Foaming 60:66 arg1 Properties 68:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Foaming Properties 60:77 Influence of Production Method on the Chemical Composition, Foaming Properties, and Quality of Australian Carbonated and Sparkling White Wines. 28128557 6 74 theme decanoic 1373:1380 arg1 acids 1382:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 2 75 theme protein 579:585 arg1 contents 587:594 protein contents 579:594 protein contents 579:594 Méthode Traditionelle wines were typically rated highest in quality and were higher in alcohol and protein contents, but lower in residual sugar and total phenolics, than other sparkling wines. 28128557 6 76 attach present 1416:1422 arg1 concentrations 1480:1493 significantly higher concentrations 1459:1493 significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines 1459:1524 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 76 attach present 1416:1422 arg1 wines 1450:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 carbonated wines 1439:1454 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 76 attach present 1416:1422 arg2 esters 1404:1409 their ethyl esters 1392:1409 their ethyl esters 1392:1409 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 76 attach present 1416:1422 arg2 acids 1382:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 octanoic and decanoic acids 1360:1386 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 6 76 attach present 1416:1422 arg1 Charmat 1427:1433 Charmat 1427:1433 Charmat 1427:1433 Fatty acids and their esters were not correlated with foaming properties, but octanoic and decanoic acids and their ethyl esters were present in Charmat and carbonated wines at significantly higher concentrations than in bottle-fermented wines and were negatively correlated with quality ratings. 28128557 4 77 theme grape-derived 962:974 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans 976:994 grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans 962:994 grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans 962:994 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 1 78 theme fatty 211:215 arg1 content 234:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 28128557 4 79 theme greater 858:864 arg1 proportions 866:876 greater proportions 858:876 greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins 858:907 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 4 80 theme sparkling 1083:1091 arg1 styles 1098:1103 sparkling wine styles 1083:1103 sparkling wine styles 1083:1103 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 5 81 theme carbonated 1145:1154 arg1 wines 1156:1160 carbonated wines 1145:1160 carbonated wines 1145:1160 Free amino acids were most abundant in carbonated wines, which likely reflects production via primary fermentation only and/or the inclusion of nontraditional grape varieties. 28128557 4 82 theme carbonated 930:939 arg1 wines 941:945 Charmat and carbonated wines 918:945 Charmat and carbonated wines 918:945 Bottle-fermented Méthode Traditionelle and transfer wines contained greater proportions of yeast-derived mannoproteins, whereas Charmat and carbonated wines were higher in grape-derived rhamnogalacturonans; however, total polysaccharide concentrations were not significantly different between sparkling wine styles. 28128557 1 83 theme acid/ethyl 217:226 arg1 content 234:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 fatty acid/ethyl ester content 211:240 The chemical composition (protein, polysaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid/ethyl ester content), foaming properties, and quality of 50 Australian sparkling white wines, representing the four key production methods, that is, Méthode Traditionelle (n = 20), transfer (n = 10), Charmat (n = 10), and carbonation (n = 10), were studied. 27719889 6 0 dep β-glucans 885:893 arg1 R=0.77 902:907 R=0.77 902:907 R=0.77 902:907 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 5 1 dep total 671:675 arg1 arabinoxylans 691:703 arabinoxylans 691:703 arabinoxylans 691:703 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 5 1 dep total 671:675 arg1 higher 664:669 higher 664:669 higher 664:669 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 4 2 theme altitude 584:591 arg1 bran 571:574 bran 571:574 bran of high altitude 571:591 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 0 3 theme bioactive 83:91 arg1 composition 93:103 bioactive composition 83:103 bioactive composition of milled fractions 83:123 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley milling behavior and evaluating bioactive composition of milled fractions. 27719889 6 4 from fractions 969:977 arg1 bran 946:949 bran 946:949 bran 946:949 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 7 5 theme refined 1027:1033 arg1 flours 1035:1040 refined flours 1027:1040 refined flours 1027:1040 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 4 6 theme high 579:582 arg1 altitude 584:591 high altitude 579:591 high altitude 579:591 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 0 7 theme milled 108:113 arg1 fractions 115:123 milled fractions 108:123 milled fractions 108:123 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley milling behavior and evaluating bioactive composition of milled fractions. 27719889 0 8 from Influence 0:8 arg1 barley 44:49 barley 44:49 barley 44:49 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley milling behavior and evaluating bioactive composition of milled fractions. 27719889 6 9 from content 874:880 arg1 bran 946:949 bran 946:949 bran 946:949 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 7 10 theme altitude 1115:1122 arg1 cultivars 1124:1132 high altitude cultivars 1110:1132 high altitude cultivars 1110:1132 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 2 11 theme moisture 304:311 arg1 content 313:319 a moisture content 302:319 a moisture content of 14% 302:326 Amongst all treatments, conditioning grains to a moisture content of 14% for 30min was found to be optimum. 27719889 4 12 theme cultivars 593:601 arg1 levels 526:531 greater levels 518:531 greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 518:601 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 6 13 theme β-glucans 885:893 arg1 content 874:880 the content 870:880 the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran 870:949 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 6 13 theme β-glucans 885:893 arg1 fractions 969:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 3 14 theme flour 486:490 arg1 fraction 492:499 refined flour fraction 478:499 refined flour fraction 478:499 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 3 15 theme components 452:461 arg1 levels 400:405 greater levels 392:405 greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components 392:461 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 0 16 theme fractions 115:123 arg1 composition 93:103 bioactive composition 83:103 bioactive composition of milled fractions 83:123 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley milling behavior and evaluating bioactive composition of milled fractions. 27719889 5 17 contain having 657:662 arg1 Cultivars 647:655 Cultivars 647:655 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans 647:703 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 5 17 contain having 657:662 arg2 insoluble 681:689 insoluble 681:689 insoluble 681:689 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 5 17 contain having 657:662 arg2 total 671:675 total 671:675 total 671:675 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 6 18 theme cultivars 798:806 arg1 content 780:786 The damaged starch content 761:786 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars 761:806 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 6 19 theme arabinoxylans 914:926 arg1 content 874:880 the content 870:880 the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran 870:949 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 6 19 theme arabinoxylans 914:926 arg1 fractions 969:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 6 20 theme barley 791:796 arg1 cultivars 798:806 barley cultivars 791:806 barley cultivars 791:806 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 1 21 theme different 196:204 arg1 treatments 219:228 different conditioning treatments 196:228 different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling 196:252 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 3 22 theme greater 392:398 arg1 levels 400:405 greater levels 392:405 greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components 392:461 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 2 23 theme % 326:326 arg1 content 313:319 a moisture content 302:319 a moisture content of 14% 302:326 Amongst all treatments, conditioning grains to a moisture content of 14% for 30min was found to be optimum. 27719889 6 24 theme flour 963:967 arg1 fractions 969:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 1 25 theme conditioning 206:217 arg1 treatments 219:228 different conditioning treatments 196:228 different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling 196:252 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 3 26 theme bran 367:370 arg1 fractions 372:380 The bran fractions 363:380 The bran fractions 363:380 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 5 27 theme lower 722:726 arg1 R=-0.76 742:748 R=-0.76 742:748 R=-0.76 742:748 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 5 27 theme lower 722:726 arg1 yields 734:739 lower flour yields 722:739 lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73) 722:758 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 3 28 theme refined 478:484 arg1 fraction 492:499 refined flour fraction 478:499 refined flour fraction 478:499 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 0 29 theme non-starchy 13:23 arg1 polysaccharides 25:39 non-starchy polysaccharides 13:39 non-starchy polysaccharides 13:39 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley milling behavior and evaluating bioactive composition of milled fractions. 27719889 5 30 theme flour 728:732 arg1 R=-0.76 742:748 R=-0.76 742:748 R=-0.76 742:748 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 5 30 theme flour 728:732 arg1 yields 734:739 lower flour yields 722:739 lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73) 722:758 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 6 31 dep arabinoxylans 914:926 arg1 R=0.80 935:940 R=0.80 935:940 R=0.80 935:940 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 1 32 theme prior 230:234 arg1 treatments 219:228 different conditioning treatments 196:228 different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling 196:252 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 3 33 theme non-starchy 410:420 arg1 polysaccharides 422:436 non-starchy polysaccharides 410:436 non-starchy polysaccharides 410:436 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 4 34 theme bran 571:574 arg1 cultivars 593:601 β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 536:601 β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 536:601 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 3 35 theme bioactive 442:450 arg1 components 452:461 bioactive components 442:461 bioactive components 442:461 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 3 36 theme polysaccharides 422:436 arg1 levels 400:405 greater levels 392:405 greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components 392:461 The bran fractions displayed greater levels of non-starchy polysaccharides and bioactive components as compared to refined flour fraction. 27719889 6 37 theme refined 955:961 arg1 fractions 969:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 refined flour fractions 955:977 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 0 38 theme polysaccharides 25:39 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley 0:49 Influence of non-starchy polysaccharides on barley milling behavior and evaluating bioactive composition of milled fractions. 27719889 6 39 theme starch 773:778 arg1 content 780:786 The damaged starch content 761:786 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars 761:806 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 1 40 theme roller 239:244 arg1 milling 246:252 roller milling 239:252 roller milling 239:252 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 4 41 theme β-glucan 536:543 arg1 cultivars 593:601 β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 536:601 β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 536:601 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 4 42 from β-glucan 536:543 arg1 flour 561:565 whole barley flour 548:565 whole barley flour 548:565 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 6 43 theme damaged 765:771 arg1 content 780:786 The damaged starch content 761:786 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars 761:806 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 1 44 theme Hulless 126:132 arg1 cultivars 141:149 Hulless barley cultivars 126:149 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes 126:176 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 4 45 theme levels 526:531 arg1 presence 506:513 The presence 502:513 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 502:601 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 4 46 theme barley 554:559 arg1 flour 561:565 whole barley flour 548:565 whole barley flour 548:565 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 7 47 theme flours 1035:1040 arg1 higher 1099:1104 higher 1099:1104 higher 1099:1104 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 7 47 theme flours 1035:1040 arg1 contents 1015:1022 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents 980:1022 contents 1015:1022 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 7 47 theme flours 1035:1040 arg1 anthocyanin 984:994 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents 980:1022 anthocyanin 984:994 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 6 48 dep R=0.80 935:940 arg1 to 932:933 to 932:933 to 932:933 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 7 49 theme 1299-1607μg 1073:1083 arg1 FAE/g 1085:1089 1299-1607μg FAE/g 1073:1089 1299-1607μg FAE/g 1073:1089 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 1 50 theme barley 134:139 arg1 cultivars 141:149 Hulless barley cultivars 126:149 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes 126:176 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 4 51 theme whole 548:552 arg1 flour 561:565 whole barley flour 548:565 whole barley flour 548:565 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 5 52 dep R=-0.76 742:748 arg1 R=-0.73 751:757 R=-0.73 751:757 R=-0.73 751:757 Cultivars having higher total and insoluble arabinoxylans also resulted in lower flour yields (R=-0.76; R=-0.73). 27719889 7 53 theme high 1110:1113 arg1 cultivars 1124:1132 high altitude cultivars 1110:1132 high altitude cultivars 1110:1132 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 6 54 dep R=0.77 902:907 arg1 to 899:900 to 899:900 to 899:900 The damaged starch content of barley cultivars ranged between 5.1% and 8.7% which correlated positively with the content of β-glucans (up to R=0.77) and arabinoxylans (up to R=0.80) in bran and refined flour fractions. 27719889 4 55 theme refined 616:622 arg1 yield 630:634 the refined flour yield 612:634 the refined flour yield 612:634 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 7 56 theme total 1000:1004 arg1 contents 1015:1022 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents 980:1022 contents 1015:1022 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 2 57 theme conditioning 279:290 arg1 grains 292:297 conditioning grains 279:297 conditioning grains to a moisture content of 14% for 30min 279:336 Amongst all treatments, conditioning grains to a moisture content of 14% for 30min was found to be optimum. 27719889 7 58 theme phenolic 1006:1013 arg1 contents 1015:1022 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents 980:1022 contents 1015:1022 The anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of refined flours ranged between 3.9-7.6μg/g and 1299-1607μg FAE/g and was higher for high altitude cultivars. 27719889 4 59 theme greater 518:524 arg1 levels 526:531 greater levels 518:531 greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars 518:601 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 4 60 from flour 561:565 arg1 β-glucan 536:543 β-glucan 536:543 β-glucan 536:543 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 27719889 1 61 theme various 160:166 arg1 altitudes 168:176 various altitudes 160:176 various altitudes 160:176 Hulless barley cultivars grown at various altitudes were subjected to different conditioning treatments prior to roller milling. 27719889 4 62 theme flour 624:628 arg1 yield 630:634 the refined flour yield 612:634 the refined flour yield 612:634 The presence of greater levels of β-glucan in whole barley flour and bran of high altitude cultivars affected the refined flour yield inversely. 25857979 4 0 theme gastric 527:533 arg1 juice 535:539 artificial gastric juice 516:539 artificial gastric juice 516:539 Furthermore, their digestibility was also evaluated by artificial gastric juice and α-amylase. 25857979 8 1 theme organic 1024:1030 arg1 acids 1032:1036 organic acids 1024:1036 organic acids 1024:1036 Moreover, they could also significantly stimulate the tested probiotics to proliferate and produce organic acids. 25857979 0 2 theme probiotics 76:85 arg1 growth 42:47 growth 42:47 growth 42:47 Rapeseed polysaccharides as prebiotics on growth and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 25857979 0 2 theme probiotics 76:85 arg1 activity 64:71 acidifying activity 53:71 acidifying activity 53:71 Rapeseed polysaccharides as prebiotics on growth and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 25857979 1 3 from composition 153:163 arg1 rapeseed 189:196 rapeseed 189:196 rapeseed 189:196 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 9 4 theme novel 1137:1141 arg1 prebiotics 1143:1152 novel prebiotics 1137:1152 novel prebiotics 1137:1152 These findings clearly suggest the polysaccharides from rapeseed are potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 25857979 6 5 with polysaccharides 772:786 arg1 weights 803:809 molecular weights 793:809 molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa 793:831 The results showed that RP1 and RP2 were homogeneously protein-bound polysaccharides with molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa, respectively. 25857979 6 6 theme protein-bound 758:770 arg1 polysaccharides 772:786 homogeneously protein-bound polysaccharides 744:786 homogeneously protein-bound polysaccharides 744:786 The results showed that RP1 and RP2 were homogeneously protein-bound polysaccharides with molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa, respectively. 25857979 5 7 theme probiotics 664:673 arg1 effect 585:590 their proliferative effect 565:590 their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro 565:682 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 5 8 theme resulting 654:662 arg1 probiotics 664:673 the resulting probiotics 650:673 the resulting probiotics 650:673 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 2 9 theme polysaccharides 286:300 arg1 fractions 273:281 two fractions 269:281 two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) 269:314 After preliminary treatments, two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) were obtained after purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. 25857979 1 10 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 digestibility 106:118 In vitro digestibility 97:118 In vitro digestibility 97:118 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 1 10 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 activity 131:138 prebiotic activity 121:138 prebiotic activity 121:138 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 1 10 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 composition 153:163 chemical composition 144:163 chemical composition 144:163 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 4 11 theme artificial 516:525 arg1 juice 535:539 artificial gastric juice 516:539 artificial gastric juice 516:539 Furthermore, their digestibility was also evaluated by artificial gastric juice and α-amylase. 25857979 3 12 theme primary 393:399 arg1 feature 412:418 Their primary structural feature 387:418 Their primary structural feature 387:418 Their primary structural feature and molecule weights were characterized. 25857979 9 13 dep suggest 1062:1068 arg1 potential 1108:1116 potential 1108:1116 potential 1108:1116 These findings clearly suggest the polysaccharides from rapeseed are potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 25857979 1 14 from activity 131:138 arg1 rapeseed 189:196 rapeseed 189:196 rapeseed 189:196 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 3 15 theme structural 401:410 arg1 feature 412:418 Their primary structural feature 387:418 Their primary structural feature 387:418 Their primary structural feature and molecule weights were characterized. 25857979 1 16 from digestibility 106:118 arg1 rapeseed 189:196 rapeseed 189:196 rapeseed 189:196 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 7 17 theme artificial 885:894 arg1 juice 904:908 artificial gastric juice 885:908 artificial gastric juice 885:908 They were resistant to hydrolysis by artificial gastric juice and α-amylase. 25857979 5 18 theme acid 631:634 arg1 production 636:645 acid production 631:645 acid production 631:645 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 1 19 theme In 97:98 arg1 digestibility 106:118 In vitro digestibility 97:118 In vitro digestibility 97:118 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 7 20 theme gastric 896:902 arg1 juice 904:908 artificial gastric juice 885:908 artificial gastric juice 885:908 They were resistant to hydrolysis by artificial gastric juice and α-amylase. 25857979 1 21 dep In 97:98 arg1 vitro 100:104 vitro 100:104 vitro 100:104 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 3 22 theme molecule 424:431 arg1 weights 433:439 molecule weights 424:439 molecule weights 424:439 Their primary structural feature and molecule weights were characterized. 25857979 2 23 theme preliminary 245:255 arg1 treatments 257:266 preliminary treatments 245:266 preliminary treatments 245:266 After preliminary treatments, two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) were obtained after purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. 25857979 5 24 theme proliferative 571:583 arg1 effect 585:590 their proliferative effect 565:590 their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro 565:682 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 5 25 from effect 585:590 arg1 lactobacilli 614:625 lactobacilli 614:625 lactobacilli 614:625 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 5 25 from effect 585:590 arg1 production 636:645 acid production 631:645 acid production 631:645 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 5 25 from effect 585:590 arg1 bifidobacteria 595:608 bifidobacteria 595:608 bifidobacteria 595:608 Finally, their proliferative effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and acid production of the resulting probiotics in vitro were investigated. 25857979 0 26 theme acidifying 53:62 arg1 activity 64:71 acidifying activity 53:71 acidifying activity 53:71 Rapeseed polysaccharides as prebiotics on growth and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 25857979 8 27 theme tested 979:984 arg1 probiotics 986:995 the tested probiotics 975:995 the tested probiotics 975:995 Moreover, they could also significantly stimulate the tested probiotics to proliferate and produce organic acids. 25857979 6 28 theme kDa 829:831 arg1 weights 803:809 molecular weights 793:809 molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa 793:831 The results showed that RP1 and RP2 were homogeneously protein-bound polysaccharides with molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa, respectively. 25857979 1 29 theme prebiotic 121:129 arg1 activity 131:138 prebiotic activity 121:138 prebiotic activity 121:138 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 9 30 from rapeseed 1095:1102 arg1 polysaccharides 1074:1088 the polysaccharides 1070:1088 the polysaccharides from rapeseed 1070:1102 These findings clearly suggest the polysaccharides from rapeseed are potential to be exploited as novel prebiotics. 25857979 1 31 from rapeseed 189:196 arg1 digestibility 106:118 In vitro digestibility 97:118 In vitro digestibility 97:118 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 1 31 from rapeseed 189:196 arg1 activity 131:138 prebiotic activity 121:138 prebiotic activity 121:138 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 1 31 from rapeseed 189:196 arg1 composition 153:163 chemical composition 144:163 chemical composition 144:163 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 1 31 from rapeseed 189:196 arg1 polysaccharides 168:182 polysaccharides 168:182 polysaccharides from rapeseed 168:196 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 1 32 theme chemical 144:151 arg1 composition 153:163 chemical composition 144:163 chemical composition 144:163 In vitro digestibility, prebiotic activity and chemical composition of polysaccharides from rapeseed were deliberately studied in this paper. 25857979 6 33 theme molecular 793:801 arg1 weights 803:809 molecular weights 793:809 molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa 793:831 The results showed that RP1 and RP2 were homogeneously protein-bound polysaccharides with molecular weights of 28.51 and 6.55 kDa, respectively. 25857979 2 34 dep polysaccharides 286:300 arg1 RP2 311:313 RP2 311:313 RP2 311:313 After preliminary treatments, two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) were obtained after purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. 25857979 2 34 dep polysaccharides 286:300 arg1 RP1 303:305 RP1 303:305 RP1 303:305 After preliminary treatments, two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) were obtained after purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. 25857979 2 34 dep polysaccharides 286:300 arg1 polysaccharides 286:300 polysaccharides 286:300 polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) 286:314 After preliminary treatments, two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) were obtained after purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. 25857979 0 35 from prebiotics 28:37 arg1 growth 42:47 growth 42:47 growth 42:47 Rapeseed polysaccharides as prebiotics on growth and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 25857979 0 35 from prebiotics 28:37 arg1 activity 64:71 acidifying activity 53:71 acidifying activity 53:71 Rapeseed polysaccharides as prebiotics on growth and acidifying activity of probiotics in vitro. 25857979 2 36 theme Sephadex 371:378 arg1 G-100 380:384 Sephadex G-100 371:384 Sephadex G-100 371:384 After preliminary treatments, two fractions of polysaccharides (RP1 and RP2) were obtained after purification by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. 24912706 0 0 theme marmoreus 113:121 arg1 cultivation 87:97 submerged cultivation 77:97 submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus 77:121 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 4 1 from branches 639:646 arg1 C6 651:652 C6 651:652 C6 651:652 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 4 2 theme α-1→4 620:624 arg1 glucan 626:631 an α-1→4 glucan 617:631 an α-1→4 glucan 617:631 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 4 2 theme α-1→4 620:624 arg1 B-N-I 598:602 B-N-I 598:602 B-N-I 598:602 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 0 3 theme Hypsizigus 102:111 arg1 marmoreus 113:121 Hypsizigus marmoreus 102:121 Hypsizigus marmoreus 102:121 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 6 4 theme structural 965:974 arg1 type 1030:1033 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 4 theme structural 965:974 arg1 units 976:980 certain structural units 957:980 certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) 957:1037 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 4 theme structural 965:974 arg1 type 1003:1006 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 4 theme structural 965:974 arg1 compositions 925:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 4 5 theme main 708:711 arg1 chain 713:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 6 6 theme principal 1047:1055 arg1 factors 1057:1063 the principal factors 1043:1063 the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities 1043:1144 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 6 theme principal 1047:1055 arg1 compositions 925:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 7 7 theme mushroom 1238:1245 arg1 benefits 1222:1229 the health benefits 1211:1229 the health benefits of the mushroom 1211:1245 Their immunomodulating activities may, at least partly, explain the health benefits of the mushroom. 24912706 0 8 from Characterisation 0:15 arg1 cultivation 87:97 submerged cultivation 77:97 submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus 77:121 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 2 9 theme fixating 330:337 arg1 activity 339:346 potent complement fixating activity 312:346 potent complement fixating activity 312:346 Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. 24912706 4 10 theme branched 674:681 arg1 α-mannan 683:690 a heavily branched α-mannan 664:690 a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain 664:717 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 4 10 theme branched 674:681 arg1 B-I-I 655:659 B-I-I 655:659 B-I-I 655:659 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 2 11 theme complement 319:328 arg1 activity 339:346 potent complement fixating activity 312:346 potent complement fixating activity 312:346 Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. 24912706 6 12 dep units 976:980 arg1 type 1030:1033 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 12 dep units 976:980 arg1 units 976:980 certain structural units 957:980 certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) 957:1037 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 12 dep units 976:980 arg1 type 1003:1006 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 13 theme macrophage-stimulating 1112:1133 arg1 activities 1135:1144 macrophage-stimulating activities 1112:1144 macrophage-stimulating activities 1112:1144 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 2 14 theme potent 312:317 arg1 activity 339:346 potent complement fixating activity 312:346 potent complement fixating activity 312:346 Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. 24912706 1 15 theme marmoreus 218:226 arg1 broth 198:202 the fermentation broth 181:202 the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia 181:270 Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. 24912706 5 16 contain have 740:743 arg1 B-II-I 720:725 B-II-I 720:725 B-II-I 720:725 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 5 16 contain have 740:743 arg2 backbone 747:754 a backbone 745:754 a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 745:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 5 16 contain have 740:743 arg1 B-II-II 731:737 B-II-II 731:737 B-II-II 731:737 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 5 17 theme linked 788:793 arg1 l-rhamnose 795:804 1→2 linked l-rhamnose 784:804 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 784:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 2 18 theme stimulating 426:436 arg1 activity 438:445 significant macrophage stimulating activity 403:445 significant macrophage stimulating activity 403:445 Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. 24912706 2 19 theme macrophage 415:424 arg1 activity 438:445 significant macrophage stimulating activity 403:445 significant macrophage stimulating activity 403:445 Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. 24912706 5 20 theme linked 828:833 arg1 acid 848:851 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 824:851 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 824:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 1 21 theme popular 231:237 arg1 mushroom 246:253 a popular edible mushroom 229:253 a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia 229:270 Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. 24912706 1 21 theme popular 231:237 arg1 marmoreus 218:226 Hypsizigus marmoreus 207:226 Hypsizigus marmoreus 207:226 Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. 24912706 5 22 theme galacturonic 835:846 arg1 acid 848:851 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 824:851 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 824:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 7 23 theme immunomodulating 1153:1168 arg1 activities 1170:1179 Their immunomodulating activities 1147:1179 Their immunomodulating activities 1147:1179 Their immunomodulating activities may, at least partly, explain the health benefits of the mushroom. 24912706 4 24 link linked 701:706 arg1 chain 713:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 1 25 theme edible 239:244 arg1 mushroom 246:253 a popular edible mushroom 229:253 a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia 229:270 Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. 24912706 1 25 theme edible 239:244 arg1 marmoreus 218:226 Hypsizigus marmoreus 207:226 Hypsizigus marmoreus 207:226 Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. 24912706 0 26 theme immunomodulating 21:36 arg1 activities 38:47 immunomodulating activities 21:47 immunomodulating activities 21:47 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 4 27 theme linked 701:706 arg1 chain 713:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 0 28 theme exo-polysaccharides 52:70 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 0 28 theme exo-polysaccharides 52:70 arg1 activities 38:47 immunomodulating activities 21:47 immunomodulating activities 21:47 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 6 29 theme arabinogalactan 1014:1028 arg1 type 1030:1033 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 29 theme arabinogalactan 1014:1028 arg1 units 976:980 certain structural units 957:980 certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) 957:1037 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 4 30 with α-mannan 683:690 arg1 chain 713:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 2 31 theme significant 403:413 arg1 activity 438:445 significant macrophage stimulating activity 403:445 significant macrophage stimulating activity 403:445 Among them, B-I-I and B-II-I exhibited potent complement fixating activity, meanwhile, B-N-I, B-I-I, B-II-I and B-II-II exhibited significant macrophage stimulating activity. 24912706 7 32 theme health 1215:1220 arg1 benefits 1222:1229 the health benefits 1211:1229 the health benefits of the mushroom 1211:1245 Their immunomodulating activities may, at least partly, explain the health benefits of the mushroom. 24912706 3 33 theme exo-polysaccharides 478:496 arg1 weights 458:464 Molecular weights 448:464 Molecular weights of the four exo-polysaccharides 448:496 Molecular weights of the four exo-polysaccharides were determined to be 6.3, 120, 150 and 11 kDa respectively. 24912706 4 34 theme Molecular 559:567 arg1 characterisation 569:584 Molecular characterisation 559:584 Molecular characterisation 559:584 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 5 35 with backbone 747:754 arg1 l-rhamnose 795:804 1→2 linked l-rhamnose 784:804 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 784:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 0 36 theme submerged 77:85 arg1 cultivation 87:97 submerged cultivation 77:97 submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus 77:121 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 0 37 from cultivation 87:97 arg1 exo-polysaccharides 52:70 exo-polysaccharides 52:70 exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus 52:121 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 0 37 from cultivation 87:97 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 0 37 from cultivation 87:97 arg1 activities 38:47 immunomodulating activities 21:47 immunomodulating activities 21:47 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 5 38 link linked 788:793 arg1 l-rhamnose 795:804 1→2 linked l-rhamnose 784:804 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 784:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 6 39 theme molecular 939:947 arg1 weight 949:954 molecular weight 939:954 molecular weight 939:954 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 39 theme molecular 939:947 arg1 compositions 925:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 3 40 theme Molecular 448:456 arg1 weights 458:464 Molecular weights 448:464 Molecular weights of the four exo-polysaccharides 448:496 Molecular weights of the four exo-polysaccharides were determined to be 6.3, 120, 150 and 11 kDa respectively. 24912706 6 41 theme rhamno-galacturonan 983:1001 arg1 units 976:980 certain structural units 957:980 certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) 957:1037 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 41 theme rhamno-galacturonan 983:1001 arg1 type 1003:1006 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 42 theme relationship 873:884 arg1 analysis 886:893 Structure-activity relationship analysis 854:893 Structure-activity relationship analysis 854:893 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 43 theme complement 1088:1097 arg1 fixating 1099:1106 potent complement fixating 1081:1106 potent complement fixating 1081:1106 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 44 theme Structure-activity 854:871 arg1 analysis 886:893 Structure-activity relationship analysis 854:893 Structure-activity relationship analysis 854:893 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 4 45 with glucan 626:631 arg1 branches 639:646 branches 639:646 branches on C6 639:652 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 6 46 theme potent 1081:1086 arg1 fixating 1099:1106 potent complement fixating 1081:1106 potent complement fixating 1081:1106 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 47 theme monosaccharide 910:923 arg1 weight 949:954 molecular weight 939:954 molecular weight 939:954 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 47 theme monosaccharide 910:923 arg1 factors 1057:1063 the principal factors 1043:1063 the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities 1043:1144 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 47 theme monosaccharide 910:923 arg1 units 976:980 certain structural units 957:980 certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) 957:1037 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 47 theme monosaccharide 910:923 arg1 compositions 925:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 1 48 theme fermentation 185:196 arg1 broth 198:202 the fermentation broth 181:202 the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia 181:270 Exo-polysaccharides were purified and characterized from the fermentation broth of Hypsizigus marmoreus, a popular edible mushroom consumed in Asia. 24912706 6 49 theme certain 957:963 arg1 type 1030:1033 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 arabinogalactan type II 1014:1036 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 49 theme certain 957:963 arg1 units 976:980 certain structural units 957:980 certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) 957:1037 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 49 theme certain 957:963 arg1 type 1003:1006 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 rhamno-galacturonan type I 983:1008 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 49 theme certain 957:963 arg1 compositions 925:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 5 50 theme rhamno-galacturonan 759:777 arg1 backbone 747:754 a backbone 745:754 a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 745:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 0 51 from activities 38:47 arg1 cultivation 87:97 submerged cultivation 77:97 submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus 77:121 Characterisation and immunomodulating activities of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultivation of Hypsizigus marmoreus. 24912706 5 52 link linked 828:833 arg1 acid 848:851 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 824:851 1→4 linked galacturonic acid 824:851 B-II-I and B-II-II, have a backbone of rhamno-galacturonan with 1→2 linked l-rhamnose interspersed with 1→4 linked galacturonic acid. 24912706 4 53 theme 1→2 697:699 arg1 chain 713:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 1→2 linked main chain 697:717 Molecular characterisation showed that B-N-I is basically an α-1→4 glucan, with branches on C6; B-I-I is a heavily branched α-mannan with 1→2 linked main chain. 24912706 6 54 theme responsible 1065:1075 arg1 factors 1057:1063 the principal factors 1043:1063 the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities 1043:1144 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 24912706 6 54 theme responsible 1065:1075 arg1 compositions 925:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 monosaccharide compositions 910:936 Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight, certain structural units (rhamno-galacturonan type I and arabinogalactan type II) are the principal factors responsible for potent complement fixating and macrophage-stimulating activities. 28355065 6 0 theme haze 675:678 arg1 haze 675:678 haze 675:678 haze 675:678 Polyphenols, represented mainly by procyanidins, were the main compounds identified and accounted for 10-31% of haze. 28355065 6 0 theme haze 675:678 arg1 % 670:670 10-31% 665:670 10-31% of haze 665:678 Polyphenols, represented mainly by procyanidins, were the main compounds identified and accounted for 10-31% of haze. 28355065 5 1 theme mass 557:560 arg1 % 537:537 <75% 534:537 <75% (w/w) of haze dry mass 534:560 The results explained <75% (w/w) of haze dry mass. 28355065 5 1 theme mass 557:560 arg1 mass 557:560 haze dry mass 548:560 haze dry mass 548:560 The results explained <75% (w/w) of haze dry mass. 28355065 5 1 theme mass 557:560 arg1 w/w 540:542 w/w 540:542 w/w 540:542 The results explained <75% (w/w) of haze dry mass. 28355065 1 2 theme colloidal 158:166 arg1 instability 168:178 colloidal instability 158:178 colloidal instability 158:178 Producers of apple-based beverages are confronted with colloidal instability. 28355065 0 3 theme Mineral 81:87 arg1 Compositions 89:100 Mineral Compositions 81:100 Mineral Compositions 81:100 Haze in Apple-Based Beverages: Detailed Polyphenol, Polysaccharide, Protein, and Mineral Compositions. 28355065 4 4 theme analytical 492:501 arg1 methods 503:509 global and detailed analytical methods 472:509 global and detailed analytical methods 472:509 Phenolic compounds, proteins, polysaccharides, and minerals were analyzed using global and detailed analytical methods. 28355065 8 5 theme juice 886:890 arg1 hazes 892:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 3 6 from composition 277:287 arg1 pommeau 370:376 pommeau 370:376 pommeau 370:376 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 6 from composition 277:287 arg1 beverages 310:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 6 from composition 277:287 arg1 cider 346:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 6 from composition 277:287 arg1 juice 359:363 apple juice 353:363 apple juice 353:363 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 4 7 theme Phenolic 392:399 arg1 compounds 401:409 Phenolic compounds 392:409 Phenolic compounds 392:409 Phenolic compounds, proteins, polysaccharides, and minerals were analyzed using global and detailed analytical methods. 28355065 8 8 dep constituents 924:935 arg1 % 947:947 18 and 24% 938:947 18 and 24% 938:947 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 4 9 theme global 472:477 arg1 methods 503:509 global and detailed analytical methods 472:509 global and detailed analytical methods 472:509 Phenolic compounds, proteins, polysaccharides, and minerals were analyzed using global and detailed analytical methods. 28355065 8 10 theme main 919:922 arg1 they 905:908 they 905:908 they 905:908 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 10 theme main 919:922 arg1 constituents 924:935 the main constituents 915:935 the main constituents 915:935 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 10 11 theme main 1027:1030 arg1 calcium 1010:1016 calcium 1010:1016 calcium 1010:1016 Potassium and calcium were the main minerals. 28355065 10 11 theme main 1027:1030 arg1 Potassium 996:1004 Potassium 996:1004 Potassium 996:1004 Potassium and calcium were the main minerals. 28355065 10 11 theme main 1027:1030 arg1 minerals 1032:1039 the main minerals 1023:1039 the main minerals 1023:1039 Potassium and calcium were the main minerals. 28355065 8 12 from all 817:819 arg1 present 806:812 present 806:812 present 806:812 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 7 13 theme high 767:770 arg1 proportion 772:781 a high proportion 765:781 a high proportion of haze 765:789 However, oxidized phenolic compounds were probably underestimated and may represent a high proportion of haze. 28355065 5 14 theme haze 548:551 arg1 mass 557:560 haze dry mass 548:560 haze dry mass 548:560 The results explained <75% (w/w) of haze dry mass. 28355065 9 15 theme haze 990:993 arg1 % 985:985 0-30% 981:985 0-30% of haze 981:993 Polysaccharides accounted for 0-30% of haze. 28355065 9 15 theme haze 990:993 arg1 haze 990:993 haze 990:993 haze 990:993 Polysaccharides accounted for 0-30% of haze. 28355065 5 16 theme dry 553:555 arg1 mass 557:560 haze dry mass 548:560 haze dry mass 548:560 The results explained <75% (w/w) of haze dry mass. 28355065 8 17 from present 806:812 arg1 samples 828:834 the samples 824:834 the samples 824:834 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 17 from present 806:812 arg1 hazes 892:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 17 from present 806:812 arg1 proportions 839:849 proportions 839:849 proportions of <6% of haze 839:864 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 17 from present 806:812 arg1 all 817:819 all 817:819 all 817:819 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 18 from hazes 892:896 arg1 present 806:812 present 806:812 present 806:812 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 0 19 theme Apple-Based 8:18 arg1 Beverages 20:28 Apple-Based Beverages 8:28 Apple-Based Beverages 8:28 Haze in Apple-Based Beverages: Detailed Polyphenol, Polysaccharide, Protein, and Mineral Compositions. 28355065 8 20 theme % 856:856 arg1 proportions 839:849 proportions 839:849 proportions of <6% of haze 839:864 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 0 21 theme Detailed 31:38 arg1 Polyphenol 40:49 Detailed Polyphenol 31:49 Detailed Polyphenol 31:49 Haze in Apple-Based Beverages: Detailed Polyphenol, Polysaccharide, Protein, and Mineral Compositions. 28355065 7 22 theme haze 786:789 arg1 proportion 772:781 a high proportion 765:781 a high proportion of haze 765:789 However, oxidized phenolic compounds were probably underestimated and may represent a high proportion of haze. 28355065 3 23 theme Haze 272:275 arg1 composition 277:287 Haze composition 272:287 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, 272:377 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 0 24 dep Polyphenol 40:49 arg1 Haze 0:3 Haze 0:3 Haze in Apple-Based Beverages 0:28 Haze in Apple-Based Beverages: Detailed Polyphenol, Polysaccharide, Protein, and Mineral Compositions. 28355065 8 25 theme haze 861:864 arg1 haze 861:864 haze 861:864 haze 861:864 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 25 theme haze 861:864 arg1 % 856:856 <6% 854:856 <6% of haze 854:864 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 3 26 theme apple 353:357 arg1 beverages 310:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 26 theme apple 353:357 arg1 juice 359:363 apple juice 353:363 apple juice 353:363 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 0 27 from Haze 0:3 arg1 Beverages 20:28 Apple-Based Beverages 8:28 Apple-Based Beverages 8:28 Haze in Apple-Based Beverages: Detailed Polyphenol, Polysaccharide, Protein, and Mineral Compositions. 28355065 8 28 located present 806:812 arg1 samples 828:834 the samples 824:834 the samples 824:834 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 28 located present 806:812 arg1 hazes 892:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 28 located present 806:812 arg2 Proteins 792:799 Proteins 792:799 Proteins 792:799 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 28 located present 806:812 arg1 proportions 839:849 proportions 839:849 proportions of <6% of haze 839:864 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 28 located present 806:812 arg1 all 817:819 all 817:819 all 817:819 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 6 29 theme main 621:624 arg1 compounds 626:634 the main compounds 617:634 the main compounds identified 617:645 Polyphenols, represented mainly by procyanidins, were the main compounds identified and accounted for 10-31% of haze. 28355065 6 29 theme main 621:624 arg1 Polyphenols 563:573 Polyphenols 563:573 Polyphenols 563:573 Polyphenols, represented mainly by procyanidins, were the main compounds identified and accounted for 10-31% of haze. 28355065 8 30 attach present 806:812 arg1 samples 828:834 the samples 824:834 the samples 824:834 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 30 attach present 806:812 arg1 hazes 892:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 30 attach present 806:812 arg2 Proteins 792:799 Proteins 792:799 Proteins 792:799 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 30 attach present 806:812 arg1 proportions 839:849 proportions 839:849 proportions of <6% of haze 839:864 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 8 30 attach present 806:812 arg1 all 817:819 all 817:819 all 817:819 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 2 31 theme aggregates 260:269 arg1 formation 247:255 the formation 243:255 the formation of aggregates 243:269 Haze is caused by interactions between molecules that lead to the formation of aggregates. 28355065 1 32 theme apple-based 116:126 arg1 beverages 128:136 apple-based beverages 116:136 apple-based beverages 116:136 Producers of apple-based beverages are confronted with colloidal instability. 28355065 3 33 theme apple-based 298:308 arg1 pommeau 370:376 pommeau 370:376 pommeau 370:376 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 33 theme apple-based 298:308 arg1 beverages 310:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 33 theme apple-based 298:308 arg1 cider 346:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 33 theme apple-based 298:308 arg1 juice 359:363 apple juice 353:363 apple juice 353:363 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 8 34 theme apple 880:884 arg1 hazes 892:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 two apple juice hazes 876:896 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 1 35 theme beverages 128:136 arg1 Producers 103:111 Producers 103:111 Producers of apple-based beverages 103:136 Producers of apple-based beverages are confronted with colloidal instability. 28355065 3 36 theme French 329:334 arg1 beverages 310:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 36 theme French 329:334 arg1 cider 346:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 7 37 theme oxidized 690:697 arg1 compounds 708:716 oxidized phenolic compounds 690:716 oxidized phenolic compounds 690:716 However, oxidized phenolic compounds were probably underestimated and may represent a high proportion of haze. 28355065 3 38 theme sparkling 336:344 arg1 beverages 310:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 three apple-based beverages 292:318 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 3 38 theme sparkling 336:344 arg1 cider 346:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 French sparkling cider 329:350 Haze composition in three apple-based beverages, namely, French sparkling cider, apple juice, and pommeau, was studied. 28355065 4 39 theme detailed 483:490 arg1 methods 503:509 global and detailed analytical methods 472:509 global and detailed analytical methods 472:509 Phenolic compounds, proteins, polysaccharides, and minerals were analyzed using global and detailed analytical methods. 28355065 8 40 from proportions 839:849 arg1 present 806:812 present 806:812 present 806:812 Proteins were present in all of the samples in proportions of <6% of haze except in two apple juice hazes, where they were the main constituents (18 and 24%). 28355065 7 41 theme phenolic 699:706 arg1 compounds 708:716 oxidized phenolic compounds 690:716 oxidized phenolic compounds 690:716 However, oxidized phenolic compounds were probably underestimated and may represent a high proportion of haze. 24721043 6 0 from different 885:893 arg1 biofilms 904:911 three biofilms 898:911 three biofilms 898:911 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 5 1 from fraction 710:717 arg1 biofilms 803:810 all three biofilms 793:810 all three biofilms 793:810 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 3 2 theme polymeric 465:473 arg1 substances 475:484 extracellular polymeric substances 451:484 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 3 2 theme polymeric 465:473 arg1 EPS 487:489 EPS 487:489 EPS 487:489 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 1 3 theme treatment 236:244 arg1 plant 246:250 wastewater treatment plant 225:250 wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) 225:261 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 3 theme treatment 236:244 arg1 Sample 253:258 Sample 3 253:260 Sample 3 253:260 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 0 4 theme aquatic 92:98 arg1 habitats 100:107 different aquatic habitats 82:107 different aquatic habitats 82:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 7 5 theme TB-EPS 1027:1032 arg1 compositions 1000:1011 compositions 1000:1011 compositions 1000:1011 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra indicated different structure and compositions of LB-EPS and TB-EPS. 24721043 7 5 theme TB-EPS 1027:1032 arg1 structure 986:994 different structure 976:994 different structure 976:994 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra indicated different structure and compositions of LB-EPS and TB-EPS. 24721043 3 6 theme substances 475:484 arg1 concentrations 492:505 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 4 7 theme DW 563:564 arg1 concentration 535:547 Total EPS concentration 525:547 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW 525:564 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 3 8 contain had 438:440 arg2 compositions 511:522 compositions 511:522 compositions 511:522 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 3 8 contain had 438:440 arg2 concentrations 492:505 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 3 8 contain had 438:440 arg1 biofilms 424:431 The three phototrophic biofilms 401:431 The three phototrophic biofilms 401:431 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 7 9 theme LB-EPS 1016:1021 arg1 compositions 1000:1011 compositions 1000:1011 compositions 1000:1011 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra indicated different structure and compositions of LB-EPS and TB-EPS. 24721043 7 9 theme LB-EPS 1016:1021 arg1 structure 986:994 different structure 976:994 different structure 976:994 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra indicated different structure and compositions of LB-EPS and TB-EPS. 24721043 4 10 theme mg/g 558:561 arg1 DW 563:564 14.80 mg/g DW 552:564 14.80 mg/g DW 552:564 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 8 11 theme EPS 1085:1087 arg1 characteristics 1066:1080 the characteristics 1062:1080 the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms 1062:1121 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 3 12 theme variable 442:449 arg1 concentrations 492:505 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 8 13 dep demonstrated 1049:1060 arg1 varied 1123:1128 varied 1123:1128 demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied 1049:1128 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 8 14 theme environmental 1171:1183 arg1 conditions 1185:1194 their growth environmental conditions 1158:1194 their growth environmental conditions 1158:1194 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 4 15 theme 14.80 552:556 arg1 mg/g 558:561 mg/g 558:561 mg/g 558:561 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 4 16 dep Samples 626:632 arg1 1 640:640 1 640:640 1 640:640 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 4 16 dep Samples 626:632 arg1 3 634:634 3 634:634 3 634:634 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 4 16 dep Samples 626:632 arg1 DW 664:665 13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW 643:665 13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW 643:665 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 5 17 theme main 761:764 arg1 protein 744:750 protein 744:750 protein 744:750 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 17 theme main 761:764 arg1 polysaccharides 724:738 polysaccharides 724:738 polysaccharides 724:738 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 17 theme main 761:764 arg1 components 766:775 the main components 757:775 the main components of total EPS 757:788 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 18 theme main 705:708 arg1 fraction 710:717 the main fraction 701:717 the main fraction 701:717 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 18 theme main 705:708 arg1 EPS 683:685 Tightly bound EPS 669:685 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 669:694 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 0 19 from substances 43:52 arg1 habitats 100:107 different aquatic habitats 82:107 different aquatic habitats 82:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 7 20 theme different 976:984 arg1 structure 986:994 different structure 976:994 different structure 976:994 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra indicated different structure and compositions of LB-EPS and TB-EPS. 24721043 6 21 from biofilms 904:911 arg1 compositions 826:837 the compositions 822:837 the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS 822:878 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 6 21 from biofilms 904:911 arg1 different 885:893 different 885:893 different 885:893 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 2 22 theme green 294:298 arg1 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 2 22 theme green 294:298 arg1 algae 300:304 green algae 294:304 green algae 294:304 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 2 22 theme green 294:298 arg1 algae 324:328 the dominant algae 311:328 the dominant algae of three biofilms 311:346 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 8 23 theme growth 1164:1169 arg1 conditions 1185:1194 their growth environmental conditions 1158:1194 their growth environmental conditions 1158:1194 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 4 24 theme Total 525:529 arg1 concentration 535:547 Total EPS concentration 525:547 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW 525:564 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 4 25 theme mg/g 659:662 arg1 DW 664:665 13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW 643:665 13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW 643:665 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 4 25 theme mg/g 659:662 arg1 3 634:634 3 634:634 3 634:634 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 6 26 theme TB-EPS 873:878 arg1 compositions 826:837 the compositions 822:837 the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS 822:878 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 6 26 theme TB-EPS 873:878 arg1 different 885:893 different 885:893 different 885:893 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 1 27 theme drinking 189:196 arg1 plant 204:208 drinking water plant 189:208 drinking water plant (Sample 2) 189:219 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 27 theme drinking 189:196 arg1 Sample 211:216 Sample 2 211:218 Sample 2 211:218 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 2 28 theme Sample 391:396 arg1 biofilm 380:386 biofilm 380:386 biofilm of Sample 2 380:398 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 6 29 theme EPS 856:858 arg1 compositions 826:837 the compositions 822:837 the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS 822:878 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 6 29 theme EPS 856:858 arg1 different 885:893 different 885:893 different 885:893 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 1 30 theme different 116:124 arg1 biofilms 139:146 Three different phototrophic biofilms 110:146 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) 110:261 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 31 theme water 198:202 arg1 plant 204:208 drinking water plant 189:208 drinking water plant (Sample 2) 189:219 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 31 theme water 198:202 arg1 Sample 211:216 Sample 2 211:218 Sample 2 211:218 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 0 32 theme extracellular 19:31 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 19:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 6 33 theme bound 850:854 arg1 LB-EPS 861:866 LB-EPS 861:866 LB-EPS 861:866 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 6 33 theme bound 850:854 arg1 EPS 856:858 loosely bound EPS 842:858 loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) 842:867 However, the compositions of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and TB-EPS were different in three biofilms. 24721043 0 34 from habitats 100:107 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 19:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 0 34 from habitats 100:107 arg1 biofilms 70:77 phototrophic biofilms 57:77 phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 57:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 1 35 theme phototrophic 126:137 arg1 biofilms 139:146 Three different phototrophic biofilms 110:146 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) 110:261 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 36 theme natural 164:170 arg1 lake 172:175 a natural lake 162:175 a natural lake (Sample 1) 162:186 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 36 theme natural 164:170 arg1 Sample 178:183 Sample 1 178:185 Sample 1 178:185 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 4 37 theme EPS 531:533 arg1 concentration 535:547 Total EPS concentration 525:547 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW 525:564 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 8 38 contain had 1134:1136 arg1 results 1041:1047 These results 1035:1047 These results 1035:1047 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 8 38 contain had 1134:1136 arg2 relation 1146:1153 compact relation 1138:1153 compact relation to their growth environmental conditions 1138:1194 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 0 39 theme substances 43:52 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 0:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 7 40 theme fluorescence 945:956 arg1 spectra 958:964 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra 914:964 spectra 958:964 Fourier-transform infrared and fluorescence spectra indicated different structure and compositions of LB-EPS and TB-EPS. 24721043 0 41 theme polymeric 33:41 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 19:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 0 42 theme biofilms 70:77 arg1 substances 43:52 extracellular polymeric substances 19:52 extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 19:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 5 43 theme total 780:784 arg1 EPS 786:788 total EPS 780:788 total EPS 780:788 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 4 44 dep Sample 592:597 arg1 biofilm 581:587 biofilm 581:587 biofilm 581:587 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 2 45 theme dominant 315:322 arg1 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 2 45 theme dominant 315:322 arg1 algae 300:304 green algae 294:304 green algae 294:304 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 2 45 theme dominant 315:322 arg1 algae 324:328 the dominant algae 311:328 the dominant algae of three biofilms 311:346 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 0 46 theme phototrophic 57:68 arg1 biofilms 70:77 phototrophic biofilms 57:77 phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats 57:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 3 47 theme extracellular 451:463 arg1 substances 475:484 extracellular polymeric substances 451:484 variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations 442:505 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 3 47 theme extracellular 451:463 arg1 EPS 487:489 EPS 487:489 EPS 487:489 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 4 48 dep highest 570:576 arg1 followed 602:609 followed 602:609 followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW) 602:666 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 5 49 from components 766:775 arg1 biofilms 803:810 all three biofilms 793:810 all three biofilms 793:810 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 50 theme EPS 786:788 arg1 protein 744:750 protein 744:750 protein 744:750 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 50 theme EPS 786:788 arg1 fraction 710:717 the main fraction 701:717 the main fraction 701:717 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 50 theme EPS 786:788 arg1 polysaccharides 724:738 polysaccharides 724:738 polysaccharides 724:738 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 50 theme EPS 786:788 arg1 components 766:775 the main components 757:775 the main components of total EPS 757:788 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 50 theme EPS 786:788 arg1 EPS 683:685 Tightly bound EPS 669:685 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 669:694 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 8 51 theme compact 1138:1144 arg1 relation 1146:1153 compact relation 1138:1153 compact relation to their growth environmental conditions 1138:1194 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 0 52 theme different 82:90 arg1 habitats 100:107 different aquatic habitats 82:107 different aquatic habitats 82:107 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances of phototrophic biofilms at different aquatic habitats. 24721043 3 53 theme phototrophic 411:422 arg1 biofilms 424:431 The three phototrophic biofilms 401:431 The three phototrophic biofilms 401:431 The three phototrophic biofilms also had variable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) concentrations and compositions. 24721043 2 54 theme biofilms 339:346 arg1 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms 282:288 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 2 54 theme biofilms 339:346 arg1 algae 300:304 green algae 294:304 green algae 294:304 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 2 54 theme biofilms 339:346 arg1 algae 324:328 the dominant algae 311:328 the dominant algae of three biofilms 311:346 Diatoms and green algae were the dominant algae of three biofilms, and the biomass was highest in biofilm of Sample 2. 24721043 5 55 theme bound 677:681 arg1 fraction 710:717 the main fraction 701:717 the main fraction 701:717 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 55 theme bound 677:681 arg1 TB-EPS 688:693 TB-EPS 688:693 TB-EPS 688:693 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 5 55 theme bound 677:681 arg1 EPS 683:685 Tightly bound EPS 669:685 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) 669:694 Tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were the main fraction, and polysaccharides and protein were the main components of total EPS in all three biofilms. 24721043 8 56 theme phototrophic 1101:1112 arg1 biofilms 1114:1121 phototrophic biofilms 1101:1121 phototrophic biofilms 1101:1121 These results demonstrated the characteristics of EPS produced by phototrophic biofilms varied and had compact relation to their growth environmental conditions. 24721043 4 57 theme Samples 626:632 arg1 biofilms 614:621 biofilms 614:621 biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW) 614:666 Total EPS concentration of 14.80 mg/g DW was highest in biofilm of Sample 2, followed by biofilms of Samples 3 and 1 (13.11 and 12.29 mg/g DW). 24721043 1 58 theme wastewater 225:234 arg1 plant 246:250 wastewater treatment plant 225:250 wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) 225:261 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 24721043 1 58 theme wastewater 225:234 arg1 Sample 253:258 Sample 3 253:260 Sample 3 253:260 Three different phototrophic biofilms obtained from a natural lake (Sample 1), drinking water plant (Sample 2) and wastewater treatment plant (Sample 3) were investigated. 29155274 8 0 theme Monosaccharide 931:944 arg1 compositions 946:957 Monosaccharide compositions 931:957 Monosaccharide compositions 931:957 Monosaccharide compositions and linkage analyses were determined for the relevant fractions. 29155274 4 1 from the 393:395 arg1 activities 445:454 the biological activities 430:454 the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions 430:486 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 4 1 from the 393:395 arg1 features 356:363 the structural features 341:363 the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant 341:416 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 4 1 from the 393:395 arg1 polysaccharides 372:386 the polysaccharides 368:386 the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant 368:416 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 4 2 from activities 445:454 arg1 the 393:395 the 393:395 the 393:395 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 10 3 theme II 1212:1213 arg1 features 1215:1222 arabinogalactan type II features 1191:1222 arabinogalactan type II features 1191:1222 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 6 4 theme fixation 850:857 arg1 assay 859:863 the complement fixation assay 835:863 the complement fixation assay 835:863 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 29155274 3 5 theme continent 207:215 arg1 parts 186:190 other parts 180:190 other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions 180:291 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 3 5 theme continent 207:215 arg1 Willd 129:133 Willd) 129:134 Willd) 129:134 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 3 5 theme continent 207:215 arg1 plant 154:158 an indigenous plant 140:158 an indigenous plant in South Africa 140:174 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 6 6 theme ion 735:737 arg1 chromatography 748:761 ion exchange chromatography 735:761 ion exchange chromatography 735:761 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 29155274 4 7 theme study 316:320 arg1 objective 298:306 The objective 294:306 The objective of this study 294:320 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 3 8 used used 230:233 arg2 medicine 250:257 traditional medicine 238:257 traditional medicine 238:257 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 3 8 used used 230:233 arg2 it 224:225 it 224:225 it 224:225 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 8 9 theme linkage 963:969 arg1 analyses 971:978 linkage analyses 963:978 linkage analyses 963:978 Monosaccharide compositions and linkage analyses were determined for the relevant fractions. 29155274 5 10 from 100°C 666:670 arg1 ethanol 637:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 10 from 100°C 666:670 arg1 water 650:654 water 650:654 water 650:654 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 10 from 100°C 666:670 arg1 solvents 584:591 organic solvents 576:591 organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) 576:622 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 11 11 theme some 1388:1391 arg1 feature 1377:1383 An unusual feature 1366:1383 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides 1366:1416 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 11 11 theme some 1388:1391 arg1 presence 1426:1433 the presence 1422:1433 the presence of relatively high levels of xylose 1422:1469 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 5 12 from 50 659:660 arg1 ethanol 637:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 12 from 50 659:660 arg1 water 650:654 water 650:654 water 650:654 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 12 from 50 659:660 arg1 solvents 584:591 organic solvents 576:591 organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) 576:622 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 14 13 theme immunomodulating 1917:1932 arg1 properties 1934:1943 immunomodulating properties 1917:1943 immunomodulating properties 1917:1943 Thus on the basis of these studies it may be suggested that immunomodulating properties probably contribute significantly to the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 29155274 0 14 from afra 65:68 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 0:101 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 13 15 theme biological 1800:1809 arg1 activity 1811:1818 biological activity 1800:1818 biological activity which exceeded that of the standard 1800:1854 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 5 16 theme % 627:627 arg1 ethanol 637:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 16 theme % 627:627 arg1 solvents 584:591 organic solvents 576:591 organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) 576:622 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 13 17 with polymers 1734:1741 arg1 weights 1764:1770 lower molecular weights 1748:1770 lower molecular weights 1748:1770 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 11 18 theme constituents 1500:1511 arg1 one 1474:1476 one 1474:1476 one 1474:1476 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 11 18 theme constituents 1500:1511 arg1 constituents 1500:1511 its monosaccharide constituents 1481:1511 its monosaccharide constituents 1481:1511 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 3 19 theme traditional 238:248 arg1 medicine 250:257 traditional medicine 238:257 traditional medicine 238:257 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 3 19 theme traditional 238:248 arg1 it 224:225 it 224:225 it 224:225 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 0 20 theme Structure 71:79 arg1 studies 94:100 Structure and activity studies 71:100 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 0:101 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 10 21 dep confirmed 1273:1281 arg1 suggested 1227:1235 suggested 1227:1235 suggested by methylation analysis 1227:1259 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 3 22 theme indigenous 143:152 arg1 Willd 129:133 Willd) 129:134 Willd) 129:134 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 3 22 theme indigenous 143:152 arg1 plant 154:158 an indigenous plant 140:158 an indigenous plant in South Africa 140:174 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 0 23 theme activity 85:92 arg1 studies 94:100 Structure and activity studies 71:100 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 0:101 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 12 24 theme higher 1570:1575 arg1 activity 1588:1595 higher biological activity 1570:1595 higher biological activity than the selected standard 1570:1622 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 1 25 dep afra 113:116 arg1 Jacq 119:122 Jacq 119:122 Jacq 119:122 Artemisia afra (Jacq. 29155274 9 26 theme pectin 1064:1069 arg1 type 1071:1074 the pectin type 1060:1074 the pectin type 1060:1074 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 0 27 theme medicinal 39:47 arg1 afra 65:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 13 28 theme lower 1748:1752 arg1 weights 1764:1770 lower molecular weights 1748:1770 lower molecular weights 1748:1770 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 11 29 theme levels 1454:1459 arg1 presence 1426:1433 the presence 1422:1433 the presence of relatively high levels of xylose 1422:1469 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 11 29 theme levels 1454:1459 arg1 feature 1377:1383 An unusual feature 1366:1383 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides 1366:1416 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 5 30 theme Artemisia 528:536 arg1 afra 538:541 Artemisia afra 528:541 Artemisia afra 528:541 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 13 31 theme endo-polygalacturonase 1692:1713 arg1 enzyme 1715:1720 an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme 1689:1720 an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme 1689:1720 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 12 32 contain possess 1562:1568 arg1 fractions 1538:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions 1514:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions 1514:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 12 32 contain possess 1562:1568 arg2 activity 1588:1595 higher biological activity 1570:1595 higher biological activity than the selected standard 1570:1622 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 9 33 theme arabinogalactan 1097:1111 arg1 features 1165:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 10 34 theme relevant 1317:1324 arg1 polysaccharides 1326:1340 the relevant polysaccharides 1313:1340 the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent 1313:1363 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 0 35 theme African 31:37 arg1 afra 65:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 6 36 theme biological 807:816 arg1 activity 818:825 biological activity 807:825 biological activity against the complement fixation assay 807:863 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 29155274 6 37 theme polysaccharide 690:703 arg1 extracts 705:712 The polysaccharide extracts 686:712 The polysaccharide extracts 686:712 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 29155274 0 38 theme plant 49:53 arg1 afra 65:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 3 39 from parts 186:190 arg1 Africa 169:174 Africa 169:174 Africa 169:174 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 14 40 theme plant 2029:2033 arg1 effects 2003:2009 the health-promoting effects 1982:2009 the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant 1982:2033 Thus on the basis of these studies it may be suggested that immunomodulating properties probably contribute significantly to the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 29155274 4 41 theme fractions 478:486 arg1 activities 445:454 the biological activities 430:454 the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions 430:486 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 4 41 theme fractions 478:486 arg1 features 356:363 the structural features 341:363 the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant 341:416 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 10 42 theme Yariv 1351:1355 arg1 reagent 1357:1363 the Yariv reagent 1347:1363 the Yariv reagent 1347:1363 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 4 43 dep the 393:395 arg1 leaves 397:402 leaves 397:402 leaves 397:402 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 12 44 theme Purified 1514:1521 arg1 fractions 1538:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions 1514:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions 1514:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 10 45 theme ready 1290:1294 arg1 precipitation 1296:1308 the ready precipitation 1286:1308 the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent 1286:1363 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 7 46 theme Active 866:871 arg1 fractions 873:881 Active fractions 866:881 Active fractions 866:881 Active fractions were further fractionated using gel filtration. 29155274 0 47 dep Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 studies 94:100 Structure and activity studies 71:100 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 0:101 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 4 48 theme structural 345:354 arg1 features 356:363 the structural features 341:363 the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant 341:416 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 10 49 theme features 1215:1222 arg1 presence 1179:1186 The presence 1175:1186 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features 1175:1222 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 3 50 theme other 180:184 arg1 parts 186:190 other parts 180:190 other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions 180:291 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 4 51 from features 356:363 arg1 the 393:395 the 393:395 the 393:395 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 5 52 theme organic 576:582 arg1 methanol 614:621 methanol 614:621 methanol 614:621 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 52 theme organic 576:582 arg1 dichloromethane 594:608 dichloromethane 594:608 dichloromethane 594:608 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 52 theme organic 576:582 arg1 ethanol 637:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 52 theme organic 576:582 arg1 water 650:654 water 650:654 water 650:654 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 52 theme organic 576:582 arg1 solvents 584:591 organic solvents 576:591 organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) 576:622 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 6 53 theme exchange 739:746 arg1 chromatography 748:761 ion exchange chromatography 735:761 ion exchange chromatography 735:761 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 29155274 14 54 theme health-promoting 1986:2001 arg1 effects 2003:2009 the health-promoting effects 1982:2009 the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant 1982:2033 Thus on the basis of these studies it may be suggested that immunomodulating properties probably contribute significantly to the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 29155274 6 55 theme complement 839:848 arg1 assay 859:863 the complement fixation assay 835:863 the complement fixation assay 835:863 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 29155274 3 56 theme African 199:205 arg1 continent 207:215 the African continent 195:215 the African continent 195:215 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 8 57 theme relevant 1004:1011 arg1 fractions 1013:1021 the relevant fractions 1000:1021 the relevant fractions 1000:1021 Monosaccharide compositions and linkage analyses were determined for the relevant fractions. 29155274 11 58 theme unusual 1369:1375 arg1 feature 1377:1383 An unusual feature 1366:1383 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides 1366:1416 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 11 58 theme unusual 1369:1375 arg1 presence 1426:1433 the presence 1422:1433 the presence of relatively high levels of xylose 1422:1469 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 5 59 theme 50 625:626 arg1 % 627:627 % 627:627 % 627:627 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 3 60 from plant 154:158 arg1 Africa 169:174 Africa 169:174 Africa 169:174 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 12 61 theme complement 1631:1640 arg1 assay 1642:1646 the complement assay 1627:1646 the complement assay 1627:1646 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 4 62 theme polysaccharides 372:386 arg1 activities 445:454 the biological activities 430:454 the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions 430:486 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 4 62 theme polysaccharides 372:386 arg1 features 356:363 the structural features 341:363 the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant 341:416 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 5 63 theme aqueous 629:635 arg1 ethanol 637:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 aqueous ethanol 629:643 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 63 theme aqueous 629:635 arg1 solvents 584:591 organic solvents 576:591 organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) 576:622 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 9 64 theme homogalacturonan 1137:1152 arg1 features 1165:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 11 65 theme monosaccharide 1485:1498 arg1 constituents 1500:1511 its monosaccharide constituents 1481:1511 its monosaccharide constituents 1481:1511 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 4 66 theme biological 434:443 arg1 activities 445:454 the biological activities 430:454 the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions 430:486 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 10 67 theme type 1207:1210 arg1 features 1215:1222 arabinogalactan type II features 1191:1222 arabinogalactan type II features 1191:1222 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 10 68 theme methylation 1240:1250 arg1 analysis 1252:1259 methylation analysis 1240:1259 methylation analysis 1240:1259 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 3 69 theme respiratory 270:280 arg1 conditions 282:291 respiratory conditions 270:291 respiratory conditions 270:291 Willd), is an indigenous plant in South Africa and other parts of the African continent, where it is used as traditional medicine mostly for respiratory conditions. 29155274 12 70 theme biological 1577:1586 arg1 activity 1588:1595 higher biological activity 1570:1595 higher biological activity than the selected standard 1570:1622 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 9 71 contain contain 1089:1095 arg1 Polysaccharides 1024:1038 Polysaccharides 1024:1038 Polysaccharides 1024:1038 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 9 71 contain contain 1089:1095 arg2 features 1165:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 10 72 with polysaccharides 1326:1340 arg1 reagent 1357:1363 the Yariv reagent 1347:1363 the Yariv reagent 1347:1363 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 11 73 theme high 1449:1452 arg1 levels 1454:1459 relatively high levels 1438:1459 relatively high levels of xylose 1438:1469 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 7 74 theme gel 915:917 arg1 filtration 919:928 gel filtration 915:928 gel filtration 915:928 Active fractions were further fractionated using gel filtration. 29155274 4 75 theme complement 500:509 arg1 assay 511:515 the complement assay 496:515 the complement assay 496:515 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 13 76 theme molecular 1754:1762 arg1 weights 1764:1770 lower molecular weights 1748:1770 lower molecular weights 1748:1770 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 10 77 theme polysaccharides 1326:1340 arg1 precipitation 1296:1308 the ready precipitation 1286:1308 the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent 1286:1363 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 13 78 with Digestion 1649:1657 arg1 enzyme 1715:1720 an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme 1689:1720 an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme 1689:1720 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 11 79 theme xylose 1464:1469 arg1 levels 1454:1459 relatively high levels 1438:1459 relatively high levels of xylose 1438:1469 An unusual feature of some of these polysaccharides was the presence of relatively high levels of xylose as one of its monosaccharide constituents. 29155274 12 80 theme polysaccharide 1523:1536 arg1 fractions 1538:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions 1514:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions 1514:1546 Purified polysaccharide fractions were shown to possess higher biological activity than the selected standard in the complement assay. 29155274 4 81 theme polysaccharide 463:476 arg1 fractions 478:486 the polysaccharide fractions 459:486 the polysaccharide fractions 459:486 The objective of this study was to investigate the structural features of the polysaccharides from the leaves of this plant, as well as the biological activities of the polysaccharide fractions against the complement assay. 29155274 0 82 theme Artemisia 55:63 arg1 afra 65:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra 21:68 Polysaccharides from the South African medicinal plant Artemisia afra: Structure and activity studies. 29155274 5 83 dep solvents 584:591 arg1 methanol 614:621 methanol 614:621 methanol 614:621 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 83 dep solvents 584:591 arg1 dichloromethane 594:608 dichloromethane 594:608 dichloromethane 594:608 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 5 83 dep solvents 584:591 arg1 solvents 584:591 organic solvents 576:591 organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol) 576:622 Leaves of Artemisia afra were extracted sequentially with organic solvents (dichloromethane and methanol), 50% aqueous ethanol, and water at 50 and 100°C respectively. 29155274 13 84 theme polysaccharides 1668:1682 arg1 Digestion 1649:1657 Digestion 1649:1657 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme 1649:1720 Digestion of these polysaccharides with an endo-polygalacturonase enzyme resulted in polymers with lower molecular weights as expected, but still with biological activity which exceeded that of the standard. 29155274 14 85 theme medicinal 2019:2027 arg1 plant 2029:2033 this medicinal plant 2014:2033 this medicinal plant 2014:2033 Thus on the basis of these studies it may be suggested that immunomodulating properties probably contribute significantly to the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 29155274 9 86 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1114:1131 arg1 features 1165:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 9 87 theme structural 1154:1163 arg1 features 1165:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features 1097:1172 Polysaccharides were shown to be of the pectin type, and largely contain arabinogalactan, rhamnogalacturonan and homogalacturonan structural features. 29155274 14 88 dep studies 1884:1890 arg1 the 1865:1867 the 1865:1867 the 1865:1867 Thus on the basis of these studies it may be suggested that immunomodulating properties probably contribute significantly to the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 29155274 14 88 dep studies 1884:1890 arg1 basis 1869:1873 basis 1869:1873 basis 1869:1873 Thus on the basis of these studies it may be suggested that immunomodulating properties probably contribute significantly to the health-promoting effects of this medicinal plant. 29155274 10 89 theme arabinogalactan 1191:1205 arg1 features 1215:1222 arabinogalactan type II features 1191:1222 arabinogalactan type II features 1191:1222 The presence of arabinogalactan type II features as suggested by methylation analysis was further confirmed by the ready precipitation of the relevant polysaccharides with the Yariv reagent. 29155274 6 90 theme resulting 771:779 arg1 fractions 781:789 the resulting fractions 767:789 the resulting fractions 767:789 The polysaccharide extracts were fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the resulting fractions were tested for biological activity against the complement fixation assay. 24982189 2 0 theme branching 312:320 arg1 enzyme 322:327 glycogen branching enzyme 303:327 glycogen branching enzyme 303:327 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 9 1 theme regulatory 1433:1442 arg1 tails 1444:1448 C-terminal regulatory tails 1422:1448 C-terminal regulatory tails of GS 1422:1454 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 6 2 theme 34-residue 933:942 arg1 region 944:949 a 34-residue region 931:949 a 34-residue region of GN 931:955 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 2 3 theme glycogen 303:310 arg1 enzyme 322:327 glycogen branching enzyme 303:327 glycogen branching enzyme 303:327 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 2 4 from nm 383:384 arg1 size 363:366 size 363:366 size from 10 to 290 nm 363:384 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 8 5 theme GS-GN 1273:1277 arg1 proteins 1279:1286 full-length GS-GN proteins 1261:1286 full-length GS-GN proteins 1261:1286 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 9 6 dep N- 1415:1416 arg1 the 1411:1413 the 1411:1413 the 1411:1413 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 6 7 from structure 824:832 arg1 complex 866:872 complex 866:872 complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 866:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 6 8 theme elegans 852:858 arg1 GS 860:861 Caenorhabditis elegans GS 837:861 Caenorhabditis elegans GS 837:861 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 8 9 theme full-length 1261:1271 arg1 proteins 1279:1286 full-length GS-GN proteins 1261:1286 full-length GS-GN proteins 1261:1286 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 1 10 from eukaryotes 121:130 arg1 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 10 from eukaryotes 121:130 arg1 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 10 from eukaryotes 121:130 arg1 form 95:98 a primary form 85:98 a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis 85:172 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 4 11 theme preexisting 639:649 arg1 chains 651:656 preexisting chains 639:656 preexisting chains initiated by glycogenin 639:680 GS alone is incapable of starting synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo, but instead it extends preexisting chains initiated by glycogenin. 24982189 5 12 theme molecular 687:695 arg1 unknown 791:797 unknown 791:797 unknown 791:797 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 5 12 theme molecular 687:695 arg1 step 765:768 the first step 755:768 the first step in glycogenesis 755:784 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 5 12 theme molecular 687:695 arg1 determinants 697:708 The molecular determinants 683:708 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN 683:752 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 6 13 theme Caenorhabditis 837:850 arg1 GS 860:861 Caenorhabditis elegans GS 837:861 Caenorhabditis elegans GS 837:861 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 2 14 dep 290 379:381 arg1 to 376:377 to 376:377 to 376:377 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 7 15 from synthesis 1189:1197 arg1 cells 1235:1239 intact cells 1228:1239 intact cells 1228:1239 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 7 15 from synthesis 1189:1197 arg1 system 1214:1219 a cell-free system 1202:1219 a cell-free system 1202:1219 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 2 16 theme synthase 267:274 arg1 action 248:253 the cooperative action 232:253 the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme 232:327 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 10 17 theme central 1555:1561 arg1 mechanism 1573:1581 a central molecular mechanism 1553:1581 a central molecular mechanism that governs glycogen metabolism 1553:1614 These results uncover a central molecular mechanism that governs glycogen metabolism. 24982189 10 18 theme molecular 1563:1571 arg1 mechanism 1573:1581 a central molecular mechanism 1553:1581 a central molecular mechanism that governs glycogen metabolism 1553:1614 These results uncover a central molecular mechanism that governs glycogen metabolism. 24982189 7 19 theme GS-GN 1120:1124 arg1 costructure 1126:1136 the GS-GN costructure 1116:1136 the GS-GN costructure 1116:1136 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 1 20 from storage 110:116 arg1 eukaryotes 121:130 eukaryotes 121:130 eukaryotes 121:130 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 2 21 theme glycogen 258:265 arg1 GS 277:278 GS 277:278 GS 277:278 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 2 21 theme glycogen 258:265 arg1 synthase 267:274 glycogen synthase 258:274 glycogen synthase (GS) 258:279 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 1 22 theme glucose 154:160 arg1 homeostasis 162:172 glucose homeostasis 154:172 glucose homeostasis 154:172 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 5 23 theme first 759:763 arg1 step 765:768 the first step 755:768 the first step in glycogenesis 755:784 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 5 23 theme first 759:763 arg1 determinants 697:708 The molecular determinants 683:708 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN 683:752 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 5 24 from step 765:768 arg1 glycogenesis 773:784 glycogenesis 773:784 glycogenesis 773:784 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 9 25 theme GS 1453:1454 arg1 N- 1415:1416 N- 1415:1416 N- 1415:1416 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 9 25 theme GS 1453:1454 arg1 tails 1444:1448 C-terminal regulatory tails 1422:1448 C-terminal regulatory tails of GS 1422:1454 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 3 26 theme regulatory 522:531 arg1 tails 533:537 C-terminal regulatory tails 511:537 C-terminal regulatory tails 511:537 GS is regulated by allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding and inactivation by phosphorylation on its N- and C-terminal regulatory tails. 24982189 0 27 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 basis 11:15 Structural basis 0:15 Structural basis for the recruitment of glycogen synthase by glycogenin 0:70 Structural basis for the recruitment of glycogen synthase by glycogenin. 24982189 6 28 from surface 978:984 arg1 GS 989:990 GS 989:990 GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme 989:1083 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 2 29 theme glycogenin 282:291 arg1 action 248:253 the cooperative action 232:253 the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme 232:327 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 8 30 theme dimeric 1335:1341 arg1 state 1343:1347 a dimeric state 1333:1347 a dimeric state of GN 1333:1353 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 9 31 theme N- 1415:1416 arg1 structure 1398:1406 the structure 1394:1406 the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS 1394:1454 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 8 32 theme GN 1352:1353 arg1 state 1343:1347 a dimeric state 1333:1347 a dimeric state of GN 1333:1353 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 8 32 theme GN 1352:1353 arg1 state 1372:1376 a tetrameric state 1359:1376 a tetrameric state of GS 1359:1382 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 1 33 theme primary 87:93 arg1 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 33 theme primary 87:93 arg1 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 33 theme primary 87:93 arg1 form 95:98 a primary form 85:98 a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis 85:172 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 7 34 theme intact 1228:1233 arg1 cells 1235:1239 intact cells 1228:1239 intact cells 1228:1239 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 6 35 from sequence 902:909 arg1 GN 914:915 GN 914:915 GN 914:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 6 36 theme crystal 816:822 arg1 structure 824:832 the crystal structure 812:832 the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 812:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 3 37 theme C-terminal 511:520 arg1 tails 533:537 C-terminal regulatory tails 511:537 C-terminal regulatory tails 511:537 GS is regulated by allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding and inactivation by phosphorylation on its N- and C-terminal regulatory tails. 24982189 9 38 theme C-terminal 1422:1431 arg1 tails 1444:1448 C-terminal regulatory tails 1422:1448 C-terminal regulatory tails of GS 1422:1454 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 6 39 theme conserved 968:976 arg1 surface 978:984 a conserved surface 966:984 a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme 966:1083 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 5 40 theme self-glucosylated 733:749 arg1 GN 751:752 self-glucosylated GN 733:752 self-glucosylated GN 733:752 The molecular determinants by which GS recognizes self-glucosylated GN, the first step in glycogenesis, are unknown. 24982189 3 41 theme glucose-6-phosphate 433:451 arg1 binding 453:459 glucose-6-phosphate binding 433:459 glucose-6-phosphate binding 433:459 GS is regulated by allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding and inactivation by phosphorylation on its N- and C-terminal regulatory tails. 24982189 6 42 theme binding 1054:1060 arg1 surfaces 1062:1069 previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces 1014:1069 surfaces 1062:1069 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 4 43 theme particle 598:605 arg1 synthesis 574:582 synthesis 574:582 synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo 574:613 GS alone is incapable of starting synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo, but instead it extends preexisting chains initiated by glycogenin. 24982189 6 44 theme targeting 892:900 arg1 sequence 902:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence 879:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 879:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 4 45 theme glycogen 589:596 arg1 particle 598:605 a glycogen particle 587:605 a glycogen particle 587:605 GS alone is incapable of starting synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo, but instead it extends preexisting chains initiated by glycogenin. 24982189 0 46 theme synthase 49:56 arg1 recruitment 25:35 the recruitment 21:35 the recruitment of glycogen synthase by glycogenin 21:70 Structural basis for the recruitment of glycogen synthase by glycogenin. 24982189 6 47 theme GS 889:890 arg1 sequence 902:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence 879:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 879:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 8 48 theme tetrameric 1361:1370 arg1 state 1372:1376 a tetrameric state 1359:1376 a tetrameric state of GS 1359:1382 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 6 49 from allosteric 1039:1048 arg1 distinct 1000:1007 distinct 1000:1007 distinct 1000:1007 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 7 50 theme cell-free 1204:1212 arg1 system 1214:1219 a cell-free system 1202:1219 a cell-free system 1202:1219 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 0 51 theme glycogen 40:47 arg1 synthase 49:56 glycogen synthase 40:56 glycogen synthase 40:56 Structural basis for the recruitment of glycogen synthase by glycogenin. 24982189 6 52 theme minimal 881:887 arg1 sequence 902:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence 879:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 879:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 8 53 theme GS 1381:1382 arg1 state 1343:1347 a dimeric state 1333:1347 a dimeric state of GN 1333:1353 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 8 53 theme GS 1381:1382 arg1 state 1372:1376 a tetrameric state 1359:1376 a tetrameric state of GS 1359:1382 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 9 54 theme glycogen 1511:1518 arg1 synthesis 1520:1528 glycogen synthesis 1511:1528 glycogen synthesis 1511:1528 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 6 55 from surfaces 1062:1069 arg1 distinct 1000:1007 distinct 1000:1007 distinct 1000:1007 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 1 56 theme energy 103:108 arg1 storage 110:116 energy storage 103:116 energy storage in eukaryotes 103:130 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 9 57 theme tails 1444:1448 arg1 structure 1398:1406 the structure 1394:1406 the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS 1394:1454 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 9 58 theme synthesis 1520:1528 arg1 phosphoregulation 1490:1506 phosphoregulation 1490:1506 phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis 1490:1528 Finally, the structure of the N- and C-terminal regulatory tails of GS provide a basis for understanding phosphoregulation of glycogen synthesis. 24982189 6 59 theme GN 954:955 arg1 region 944:949 a 34-residue region 931:949 a 34-residue region of GN 931:955 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 1 60 theme storage 110:116 arg1 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen 73:80 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 60 theme storage 110:116 arg1 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 essential 140:148 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 60 theme storage 110:116 arg1 form 95:98 a primary form 85:98 a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis 85:172 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 1 61 from form 95:98 arg1 eukaryotes 121:130 eukaryotes 121:130 eukaryotes 121:130 Glycogen is a primary form of energy storage in eukaryotes that is essential for glucose homeostasis. 24982189 8 62 theme proteins 1279:1286 arg1 interaction 1246:1256 The interaction 1242:1256 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins 1242:1286 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 2 63 theme glycogen 179:186 arg1 polymer 188:194 The glycogen polymer 175:194 The glycogen polymer 175:194 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 6 64 dep allosteric 1039:1048 arg1 characterized 1025:1037 characterized 1025:1037 characterized 1025:1037 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 6 65 with complex 866:872 arg1 sequence 902:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence 879:909 a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 879:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 3 66 theme allosteric 406:415 arg1 activation 417:426 allosteric activation 406:426 allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding 406:459 GS is regulated by allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding and inactivation by phosphorylation on its N- and C-terminal regulatory tails. 24982189 7 67 theme GS-GN 1154:1158 arg1 interaction 1160:1170 GS-GN interaction 1154:1170 GS-GN interaction 1154:1170 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 8 68 theme avidity 1306:1312 arg1 effect 1314:1319 an avidity effect 1303:1319 an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS 1303:1382 The interaction of full-length GS-GN proteins is enhanced by an avidity effect imparted by a dimeric state of GN and a tetrameric state of GS. 24982189 2 69 theme cooperative 236:246 arg1 action 248:253 the cooperative action 232:253 the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme 232:327 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 10 70 theme glycogen 1596:1603 arg1 metabolism 1605:1614 glycogen metabolism 1596:1614 glycogen metabolism 1596:1614 These results uncover a central molecular mechanism that governs glycogen metabolism. 24982189 7 71 theme glycogen 1180:1187 arg1 synthesis 1189:1197 glycogen synthesis 1180:1197 glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells 1180:1239 The interaction identified in the GS-GN costructure is required for GS-GN interaction and for glycogen synthesis in a cell-free system and in intact cells. 24982189 4 72 theme de 607:608 arg1 synthesis 574:582 synthesis 574:582 synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo 574:613 GS alone is incapable of starting synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo, but instead it extends preexisting chains initiated by glycogenin. 24982189 6 73 theme GS 860:861 arg1 structure 824:832 the crystal structure 812:832 the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN 812:915 We describe the crystal structure of Caenorhabditis elegans GS in complex with a minimal GS targeting sequence in GN and show that a 34-residue region of GN binds to a conserved surface on GS that is distinct from previously characterized allosteric and binding surfaces on the enzyme. 24982189 4 74 dep de 607:608 arg1 novo 610:613 novo 610:613 novo 610:613 GS alone is incapable of starting synthesis of a glycogen particle de novo, but instead it extends preexisting chains initiated by glycogenin. 24982189 2 75 theme enzyme 322:327 arg1 action 248:253 the cooperative action 232:253 the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme 232:327 The glycogen polymer is synthesized from glucose through the cooperative action of glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin (GN), and glycogen branching enzyme and forms particles that range in size from 10 to 290 nm. 24982189 3 76 from phosphorylation 481:495 arg1 N- 504:505 its N- 500:505 its N- 500:505 GS is regulated by allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding and inactivation by phosphorylation on its N- and C-terminal regulatory tails. 24982189 3 76 from phosphorylation 481:495 arg1 tails 533:537 C-terminal regulatory tails 511:537 C-terminal regulatory tails 511:537 GS is regulated by allosteric activation upon glucose-6-phosphate binding and inactivation by phosphorylation on its N- and C-terminal regulatory tails. 25808919 5 0 theme High 776:779 arg1 activity 794:801 High pectinolytic activity 776:801 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts 776:824 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 6 1 theme Mannan 943:948 arg1 concentrations 960:973 Mannan and xylan concentrations 943:973 Mannan and xylan concentrations 943:973 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 6 2 from C. reflexa 1111:1120 arg1 high 1053:1056 high 1053:1056 high 1053:1056 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 4 3 theme cell 713:716 arg1 walls 718:722 the cell walls 709:722 the cell walls 709:722 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 1 4 theme host 222:225 arg1 degradation 237:247 host cell wall degradation 222:247 host cell wall degradation 222:247 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 5 5 theme pectinolytic 781:792 arg1 activity 794:801 High pectinolytic activity 776:801 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts 776:824 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 5 6 from activity 794:801 arg1 extracts 817:824 haustorial extracts 806:824 haustorial extracts 806:824 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 6 7 from lines 1042:1046 arg1 low 980:982 low 980:982 low 980:982 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 1 8 theme Host 133:136 arg1 penetration 144:154 Host plant penetration 133:154 Host plant penetration 133:154 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 1 8 theme Host 133:136 arg1 gateway 163:169 the gateway 159:169 the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta 159:207 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 1 9 theme cell 227:230 arg1 degradation 237:247 host cell wall degradation 222:247 host cell wall degradation 222:247 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 7 10 theme own 1207:1209 arg1 walls 1216:1220 the parasite's own cell walls 1192:1220 the parasite's own cell walls 1192:1220 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 6 11 from high 1053:1056 arg1 C. reflexa 1111:1120 C. reflexa 1111:1120 C. reflexa itself 1111:1127 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 6 11 from high 1053:1056 arg1 M82 1099:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 7 12 theme walls 1216:1220 arg1 composition 1147:1157 the composition 1143:1157 the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls 1143:1220 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 4 13 from homogalacturonans 688:704 arg1 walls 718:722 the cell walls 709:722 the cell walls 709:722 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 1 14 theme wall 232:235 arg1 degradation 237:247 host cell wall degradation 222:247 host cell wall degradation 222:247 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 7 15 theme cell 1211:1214 arg1 walls 1216:1220 the parasite's own cell walls 1192:1220 the parasite's own cell walls 1192:1220 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 7 16 theme resistant 1162:1170 arg1 walls 1182:1186 resistant host cell walls 1162:1186 resistant host cell walls 1162:1186 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 3 17 theme resistant 541:549 arg1 host 551:554 a resistant host 539:554 a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa 539:573 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 5 18 theme lyase 864:868 arg1 genes 870:874 pectate lyase genes 856:874 pectate lyase genes 856:874 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 5 19 from levels 846:851 arg1 extracts 817:824 haustorial extracts 806:824 haustorial extracts 806:824 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 6 20 theme resistant 1065:1073 arg1 M82 1099:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 2 21 theme Compositional 250:262 arg1 differences 264:274 Compositional differences 250:274 Compositional differences of cell walls 250:288 Compositional differences of cell walls may explain why some hosts are amenable to such degradation while others can resist infection. 25808919 6 22 theme cv 1096:1097 arg1 M82 1099:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 1 23 theme plant 138:142 arg1 penetration 144:154 Host plant penetration 133:154 Host plant penetration 133:154 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 1 23 theme plant 138:142 arg1 gateway 163:169 the gateway 159:169 the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta 159:207 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 0 24 theme hosts 84:88 arg1 profiling 22:30 Cell wall composition profiling 0:30 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 0:131 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 5 25 theme wall 926:929 arg1 remodeling 931:940 wall remodeling 926:940 wall remodeling 926:940 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 3 26 theme Antibody-based 385:398 arg1 techniques 400:409 Antibody-based techniques 385:409 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes 385:491 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 7 27 theme composition 1147:1157 arg1 Knowledge 1130:1138 Knowledge 1130:1138 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls 1130:1220 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 5 28 theme high 830:833 arg1 levels 846:851 high expression levels 830:851 high expression levels of pectate lyase genes 830:874 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 4 29 from concentrations 656:669 arg1 walls 718:722 the cell walls 709:722 the cell walls 709:722 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 4 30 theme high 651:654 arg1 concentrations 656:669 high concentrations 651:669 high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria 651:773 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 0 31 theme wall 5:8 arg1 profiling 22:30 Cell wall composition profiling 0:30 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 0:131 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 3 32 theme susceptible 517:527 arg1 hosts 529:533 several susceptible hosts 509:533 several susceptible hosts 509:533 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 3 33 theme Cuscuta 559:565 arg1 reflexa 567:573 Cuscuta reflexa 559:573 Cuscuta reflexa 559:573 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 4 34 theme de-esterified 674:686 arg1 homogalacturonans 688:704 de-esterified homogalacturonans 674:704 de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria 674:773 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 0 35 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 profiling 22:30 Cell wall composition profiling 0:30 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 0:131 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 3 36 theme reflexa 567:573 arg1 host 551:554 a resistant host 539:554 a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa 539:573 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 6 37 theme introgression 1028:1040 arg1 lines 1042:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 3 38 theme comprehensive 415:427 arg1 profiling 429:437 comprehensive profiling 415:437 comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes 415:491 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 5 39 theme expression 835:844 arg1 levels 846:851 high expression levels 830:851 high expression levels of pectate lyase genes 830:874 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 0 40 theme priori 93:98 arg1 differences 100:110 a priori differences 91:110 a priori differences 91:110 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 6 41 from M82 1099:1101 arg1 high 1053:1056 high 1053:1056 high 1053:1056 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 2 42 theme walls 284:288 arg1 differences 264:274 Compositional differences 250:274 Compositional differences of cell walls 250:288 Compositional differences of cell walls may explain why some hosts are amenable to such degradation while others can resist infection. 25808919 3 43 theme epitopes 452:459 arg1 profiling 429:437 comprehensive profiling 415:437 comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes 415:491 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 0 44 theme composition 10:20 arg1 profiling 22:30 Cell wall composition profiling 0:30 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 0:131 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 0 45 theme a 91:91 arg1 differences 100:110 a priori differences 91:110 a priori differences 91:110 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 2 46 theme cell 279:282 arg1 walls 284:288 cell walls 279:288 cell walls 279:288 Compositional differences of cell walls may explain why some hosts are amenable to such degradation while others can resist infection. 25808919 5 47 theme pectate 856:862 arg1 genes 870:874 pectate lyase genes 856:874 pectate lyase genes 856:874 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 0 48 theme parasitic 35:43 arg1 reflexa 67:73 Cuscuta reflexa 59:73 Cuscuta reflexa 59:73 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 0 48 theme parasitic 35:43 arg1 dodder 51:56 parasitic giant dodder 35:56 parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) 35:74 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 4 49 contain contained 641:649 arg2 concentrations 656:669 high concentrations 651:669 high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria 651:773 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 4 49 contain contained 641:649 arg1 tissue 612:617 Infected tissue 603:617 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale 603:639 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 6 50 theme lycopersicum 1083:1094 arg1 M82 1099:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 3 51 theme cell 442:445 arg1 epitopes 452:459 cell wall epitopes 442:459 cell wall epitopes 442:459 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 7 52 theme host 1172:1175 arg1 walls 1182:1186 resistant host cell walls 1162:1186 resistant host cell walls 1162:1186 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 6 53 theme tomato 1021:1026 arg1 lines 1042:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 7 54 theme cell 1177:1180 arg1 walls 1182:1186 resistant host cell walls 1162:1186 resistant host cell walls 1162:1186 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 5 55 theme genes 870:874 arg1 activity 794:801 High pectinolytic activity 776:801 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts 776:824 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 5 55 theme genes 870:874 arg1 levels 846:851 high expression levels 830:851 high expression levels of pectate lyase genes 830:874 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 3 56 theme wall 447:450 arg1 epitopes 452:459 cell wall epitopes 442:459 cell wall epitopes 442:459 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 0 57 theme dodder 51:56 arg1 profiling 22:30 Cell wall composition profiling 0:30 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 0:131 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 3 58 theme enzymes 485:491 arg1 profiling 429:437 comprehensive profiling 415:437 comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes 415:491 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 0 59 theme giant 45:49 arg1 reflexa 67:73 Cuscuta reflexa 59:73 Cuscuta reflexa 59:73 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 0 59 theme giant 45:49 arg1 dodder 51:56 parasitic giant dodder 35:56 parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) 35:74 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 0 60 theme induced 116:122 arg1 changes 124:130 induced changes 116:130 induced changes 116:130 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 6 61 theme susceptible 1009:1019 arg1 lines 1042:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 7 62 theme parasitic 1281:1289 arg1 plants 1291:1296 parasitic plants 1281:1296 parasitic plants 1281:1296 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 6 63 theme xylan 954:958 arg1 concentrations 960:973 Mannan and xylan concentrations 943:973 Mannan and xylan concentrations 943:973 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 6 64 from low 980:982 arg1 P. zonale 987:995 P. zonale 987:995 P. zonale 987:995 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 6 64 from low 980:982 arg1 lines 1042:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 five susceptible tomato introgression lines 1004:1046 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 0 65 dep profiling 22:30 arg1 differences 100:110 a priori differences 91:110 a priori differences 91:110 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 0 65 dep profiling 22:30 arg1 changes 124:130 induced changes 116:130 induced changes 116:130 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 4 66 theme homogalacturonans 688:704 arg1 concentrations 656:669 high concentrations 651:669 high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria 651:773 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 3 67 theme cell 465:468 arg1 enzymes 485:491 cell wall-modifying enzymes 465:491 cell wall-modifying enzymes 465:491 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 1 68 theme holoparasitic 187:199 arg1 Cuscuta 201:207 holoparasitic Cuscuta 187:207 holoparasitic Cuscuta 187:207 Host plant penetration is the gateway to survival for holoparasitic Cuscuta and requires host cell wall degradation. 25808919 6 69 theme Solanum 1075:1081 arg1 M82 1099:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 1061:1101 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 3 70 theme wall-modifying 470:483 arg1 enzymes 485:491 cell wall-modifying enzymes 465:491 cell wall-modifying enzymes 465:491 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 4 71 theme adjacent 738:745 arg1 walls 718:722 the cell walls 709:722 the cell walls 709:722 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 0 72 theme Cuscuta 59:65 arg1 reflexa 67:73 Cuscuta reflexa 59:73 Cuscuta reflexa 59:73 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 0 72 theme Cuscuta 59:65 arg1 dodder 51:56 parasitic giant dodder 35:56 parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) 35:74 Cell wall composition profiling of parasitic giant dodder (Cuscuta reflexa) and its hosts: a priori differences and induced changes. 25808919 4 73 theme zonale 634:639 arg1 tissue 612:617 Infected tissue 603:617 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale 603:639 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 4 74 theme Pelargonium 622:632 arg1 zonale 634:639 Pelargonium zonale 622:639 Pelargonium zonale 622:639 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 3 75 theme several 509:515 arg1 hosts 529:533 several susceptible hosts 509:533 several susceptible hosts 509:533 Antibody-based techniques for comprehensive profiling of cell wall epitopes and cell wall-modifying enzymes were applied to several susceptible hosts and a resistant host of Cuscuta reflexa and to the parasite itself. 25808919 4 76 from walls 718:722 arg1 concentrations 656:669 high concentrations 651:669 high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria 651:773 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25808919 5 77 theme haustorial 806:815 arg1 extracts 817:824 haustorial extracts 806:824 haustorial extracts 806:824 High pectinolytic activity in haustorial extracts and high expression levels of pectate lyase genes suggest that the parasite contributes directly to wall remodeling. 25808919 7 78 theme walls 1182:1186 arg1 composition 1147:1157 the composition 1143:1157 the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls 1143:1220 Knowledge of the composition of resistant host cell walls and the parasite's own cell walls is useful in developing strategies to prevent infection by parasitic plants. 25808919 6 79 from P. zonale 987:995 arg1 low 980:982 low 980:982 low 980:982 Mannan and xylan concentrations were low in P. zonale and in five susceptible tomato introgression lines, but high in the resistant Solanum lycopersicum cv M82, and in C. reflexa itself. 25808919 2 80 theme such 333:336 arg1 degradation 338:348 such degradation 333:348 such degradation 333:348 Compositional differences of cell walls may explain why some hosts are amenable to such degradation while others can resist infection. 25808919 4 81 theme Infected 603:610 arg1 tissue 612:617 Infected tissue 603:617 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale 603:639 Infected tissue of Pelargonium zonale contained high concentrations of de-esterified homogalacturonans in the cell walls, particularly adjacent to the parasite's haustoria. 25834926 4 0 theme antitumor 632:640 arg1 activities 642:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 In addition, SAP had potential antioxidant and antitumor activities. 25834926 6 1 theme natural 754:760 arg1 antioxidants 762:773 natural antioxidants 754:773 natural antioxidants 754:773 This study suggested that SAP could be a potential natural antioxidants and antitumor agents. 25834926 2 2 theme polysaccharides 349:363 arg1 compositions 280:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 2 theme polysaccharides 349:363 arg1 activities 320:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities 294:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro 294:338 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 2 theme polysaccharides 349:363 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 3 3 theme phenol-sulfuric 557:571 arg1 assay 578:582 the phenol-sulfuric acid assay 553:582 the phenol-sulfuric acid assay 553:582 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 2 4 theme antioxidant 294:304 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 4 theme antioxidant 294:304 arg1 activities 320:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities 294:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro 294:338 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 5 5 theme significant 673:683 arg1 effect 695:700 the most significant antitumor effect 664:700 the most significant antitumor effect 664:700 SAP30 has the most significant antitumor effect. 25834926 2 6 theme monosaccharide 265:278 arg1 compositions 280:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 6 theme monosaccharide 265:278 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 5 7 theme antitumor 685:693 arg1 effect 695:700 the most significant antitumor effect 664:700 the most significant antitumor effect 664:700 SAP30 has the most significant antitumor effect. 25834926 3 8 theme SAP 454:456 arg1 contents 442:449 the total soluble sugar contents 418:449 the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc 418:519 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 3 9 theme sugar 436:440 arg1 contents 442:449 the total soluble sugar contents 418:449 the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc 418:519 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 5 10 contain has 660:662 arg1 SAP30 654:658 SAP30 654:658 SAP30 654:658 SAP30 has the most significant antitumor effect. 25834926 5 10 contain has 660:662 arg2 effect 695:700 the most significant antitumor effect 664:700 the most significant antitumor effect 664:700 SAP30 has the most significant antitumor effect. 25834926 2 11 theme antitumor 310:318 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 11 theme antitumor 310:318 arg1 activities 320:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities 294:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro 294:338 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 1 12 theme Edwardsia 167:175 arg1 sipunculoides 177:189 Edwardsia sipunculoides 167:189 Edwardsia sipunculoides 167:189 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 3 13 dep estimated 540:548 arg1 % 538:538 more than 85% 526:538 more than 85% 526:538 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 1 14 dep polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 polysaccharides 94:108 Three polysaccharides 88:108 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) 88:133 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 1 14 dep polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 SAP80 128:132 SAP80 128:132 SAP80 128:132 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 1 14 dep polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 SAP60 118:122 SAP60 118:122 SAP60 118:122 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 1 14 dep polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 SAP30 111:115 SAP30 111:115 SAP30 111:115 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 3 15 theme total 422:426 arg1 contents 442:449 the total soluble sugar contents 418:449 the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc 418:519 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 0 16 from sipunculoides 73:85 arg1 activities 26:35 activities 26:35 activities 26:35 Antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of polysaccharides from E. sipunculoides. 25834926 0 16 from sipunculoides 73:85 arg1 polysaccharides 49:63 polysaccharides 49:63 polysaccharides from E. sipunculoides 49:85 Antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of polysaccharides from E. sipunculoides. 25834926 6 17 dep potential 744:752 arg1 antioxidants 762:773 natural antioxidants 754:773 natural antioxidants 754:773 This study suggested that SAP could be a potential natural antioxidants and antitumor agents. 25834926 1 18 theme tissue 194:199 arg1 homogenate 201:210 tissue homogenate 194:210 tissue homogenate 194:210 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 3 19 theme soluble 428:434 arg1 contents 442:449 the total soluble sugar contents 418:449 the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc 418:519 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 3 20 theme acid 573:576 arg1 assay 578:582 the phenol-sulfuric acid assay 553:582 the phenol-sulfuric acid assay 553:582 Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay. 25834926 0 21 theme polysaccharides 49:63 arg1 activities 26:35 activities 26:35 activities 26:35 Antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of polysaccharides from E. sipunculoides. 25834926 6 22 theme antitumor 779:787 arg1 agents 789:794 antitumor agents 779:794 antitumor agents 779:794 This study suggested that SAP could be a potential natural antioxidants and antitumor agents. 25834926 4 23 contain had 602:604 arg1 SAP 598:600 SAP 598:600 SAP 598:600 In addition, SAP had potential antioxidant and antitumor activities. 25834926 4 23 contain had 602:604 arg2 activities 642:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 In addition, SAP had potential antioxidant and antitumor activities. 25834926 2 24 theme sugar 249:253 arg1 compositions 280:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 24 theme sugar 249:253 arg1 activities 320:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities 294:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro 294:338 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 24 theme sugar 249:253 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 1 25 theme papain 216:221 arg1 hydrolysis 223:232 papain hydrolysis 216:232 papain hydrolysis 216:232 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 2 26 theme soluble 241:247 arg1 compositions 280:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 26 theme soluble 241:247 arg1 activities 320:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities 294:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro 294:338 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 26 theme soluble 241:247 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 1 27 theme sipunculoides 177:189 arg1 body 159:162 the body 155:162 the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides 155:189 Three polysaccharides (SAP30, SAP60 and SAP80) were separated from the body of Edwardsia sipunculoides by tissue homogenate and papain hydrolysis. 25834926 4 28 theme antioxidant 616:626 arg1 activities 642:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 In addition, SAP had potential antioxidant and antitumor activities. 25834926 0 29 from activities 26:35 arg1 sipunculoides 73:85 E. sipunculoides 70:85 E. sipunculoides 70:85 Antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of polysaccharides from E. sipunculoides. 25834926 2 30 theme Total 235:239 arg1 compositions 280:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 monosaccharide compositions 265:291 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 30 theme Total 235:239 arg1 activities 320:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities 294:329 antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro 294:338 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 2 30 theme Total 235:239 arg1 contents 255:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents 235:262 Total soluble sugar contents, monosaccharide compositions, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of those polysaccharides were investigated, respectively. 25834926 4 31 theme potential 606:614 arg1 activities 642:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 potential antioxidant and antitumor activities 606:651 In addition, SAP had potential antioxidant and antitumor activities. 27659420 8 0 from factors 1011:1017 arg1 assembly 1026:1033 HDL assembly 1022:1033 HDL assembly 1022:1033 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 11 1 theme human 1385:1389 arg1 subjects 1391:1398 human subjects 1385:1398 human subjects 1385:1398 Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. 27659420 9 2 theme mock-transfected 1168:1183 arg1 cells 1185:1189 mock-transfected cells 1168:1189 mock-transfected cells 1168:1189 ApoAI and ABCA1 were also significantly elevated in GnT-V transfectants compared with mock-transfected cells. 27659420 12 3 theme logistic 1414:1421 arg1 analyses 1423:1430 Multivariate logistic analyses 1401:1430 Multivariate logistic analyses 1401:1430 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 13 4 theme strong 1641:1646 arg1 correlation 1648:1658 strong correlation 1641:1658 strong correlation 1641:1658 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 7 5 theme serum 763:767 arg1 levels 826:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 7 5 theme serum 763:767 arg1 levels 781:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 7 6 theme WT 884:885 arg1 mice 888:891 Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice 866:891 mice 888:891 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 8 7 theme important 1001:1009 arg1 factors 1011:1017 two important factors 997:1017 two important factors in HDL assembly 997:1033 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 7 theme important 1001:1009 arg1 expression 902:911 Hepatic expression 894:911 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 894:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 11 8 theme GnT-V 1343:1347 arg1 activity 1349:1356 serum GnT-V activity 1337:1356 serum GnT-V activity 1337:1356 Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. 27659420 13 9 theme serum 1616:1620 arg1 activity 1628:1635 serum GnT-V activity 1616:1635 serum GnT-V activity 1616:1635 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 7 10 theme wild-type 873:881 arg1 mice 888:891 Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice 866:891 mice 888:891 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 7 11 theme Tg 866:867 arg1 mice 888:891 Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice 866:891 mice 888:891 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 4 12 theme glycosylation 504:516 arg1 effects 484:490 the effects 480:490 the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 480:580 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 14 13 theme GnT-V 1765:1769 arg1 activity 1771:1778 enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity 1748:1778 enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity 1748:1778 These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis. 27659420 13 14 theme Further 1582:1588 arg1 analyses 1590:1597 Further analyses 1582:1597 Further analyses 1582:1597 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 3 15 theme Recent 362:367 arg1 findings 369:376 Recent findings 362:376 Recent findings 362:376 Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. 27659420 14 16 theme enhanced 1748:1755 arg1 activity 1771:1778 enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity 1748:1778 enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity 1748:1778 These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis. 27659420 10 17 from protein 1208:1214 arg1 media 1232:1236 the cultured media 1219:1236 the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants 1219:1259 Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. 27659420 5 18 used used 586:589 arg2 We 583:584 We 583:584 We 583:584 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 3 19 theme aberrant 392:399 arg1 structure 410:418 aberrant N-glycan structure 392:418 aberrant N-glycan structure 392:418 Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. 27659420 10 20 theme ApoAI 1202:1206 arg1 protein 1208:1214 ApoAI protein 1202:1214 ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants 1202:1259 Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. 27659420 2 21 theme important 289:297 arg1 glycosyltransferases 299:318 the most important glycosyltransferases 280:318 the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system 280:359 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 5 22 theme GnT-V 591:595 arg1 mice 613:616 GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice 591:616 GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice 591:616 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 1 23 gly Glycosylation 94:106 arg1 conditions 150:159 various pathophysiological conditions 123:159 various pathophysiological conditions 123:159 Glycosylation is involved in various pathophysiological conditions. 27659420 10 24 theme GnT-V 1241:1245 arg1 transfectants 1247:1259 GnT-V transfectants 1241:1259 GnT-V transfectants 1241:1259 Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. 27659420 5 25 theme hepatoma 646:653 arg1 transfectants 666:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 5 25 theme hepatoma 646:653 arg1 line 660:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 4 26 theme high-density 530:541 arg1 cholesterol 555:565 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 530:565 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 4 26 theme high-density 530:541 arg1 HDL 568:570 HDL 568:570 HDL 568:570 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 14 27 theme HDL 1792:1794 arg1 assembly 1796:1803 HDL assembly 1792:1803 HDL assembly 1792:1803 These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis. 27659420 8 28 theme apolipoprotein 916:929 arg1 ApoAI 935:939 ApoAI 935:939 ApoAI 935:939 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 28 theme apolipoprotein 916:929 arg1 AI 931:932 apolipoprotein AI 916:932 apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) 916:940 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 4 29 theme cholesterol 555:565 arg1 assembly 573:580 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 6 30 theme medical 731:737 arg1 check-ups 746:754 medical health check-ups 731:754 medical health check-ups 731:754 The study also included 96 patients who underwent medical health check-ups. 27659420 0 31 theme Hepatic 0:6 arg1 glycosylation 17:29 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation 0:29 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V 0:66 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly. 27659420 5 32 theme Hep3B 628:632 arg1 transfectants 666:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 5 32 theme Hep3B 628:632 arg1 line 660:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 13 33 theme particle 1695:1702 arg1 concentration 1704:1716 the large-size HDL particle concentration 1676:1716 the large-size HDL particle concentration 1676:1716 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 13 34 contain had 1637:1639 arg2 correlation 1648:1658 strong correlation 1641:1658 strong correlation 1641:1658 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 13 34 contain had 1637:1639 arg1 activity 1628:1635 serum GnT-V activity 1616:1635 serum GnT-V activity 1616:1635 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 1 35 theme pathophysiological 131:148 arg1 conditions 150:159 various pathophysiological conditions 123:159 various pathophysiological conditions 123:159 Glycosylation is involved in various pathophysiological conditions. 27659420 0 36 theme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 34:64 arg1 V 66:66 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V 34:66 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V 34:66 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly. 27659420 8 37 theme ATP-binding 946:956 arg1 member 979:984 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 946:986 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 946:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 37 theme ATP-binding 946:956 arg1 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 12 38 dep age 1554:1556 arg1 differences 1569:1579 differences 1569:1579 differences 1569:1579 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 14 39 theme HDL 1840:1842 arg1 synthesis 1844:1852 HDL synthesis 1840:1852 HDL synthesis 1840:1852 These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis. 27659420 8 40 theme subfamily 967:975 arg1 member 979:984 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 946:986 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 946:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 40 theme subfamily 967:975 arg1 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 13 41 theme large-size 1680:1689 arg1 concentration 1704:1716 the large-size HDL particle concentration 1676:1716 the large-size HDL particle concentration 1676:1716 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 7 42 theme HDL-cholesterol 802:816 arg1 levels 826:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 7 42 theme HDL-cholesterol 802:816 arg1 levels 781:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 12 43 theme HDL-C 1522:1526 arg1 levels 1528:1533 serum HDL-C levels 1516:1533 serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences 1516:1579 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 8 44 theme member 979:984 arg1 factors 1011:1017 two important factors 997:1017 two important factors in HDL assembly 997:1033 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 44 theme member 979:984 arg1 expression 902:911 Hepatic expression 894:911 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 894:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 2 45 theme asparagine-linked 234:250 arg1 oligosaccharides 252:267 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 234:267 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 234:267 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 12 46 theme independent 1472:1482 arg1 activity 1456:1463 GnT-V activity 1450:1463 GnT-V activity 1450:1463 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 12 46 theme independent 1472:1482 arg1 determinant 1500:1510 an independent and significant determinant 1469:1510 an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences 1469:1579 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 2 47 theme N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 162:192 arg1 GnT-V 197:201 GnT-V 197:201 GnT-V 197:201 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 2 47 theme N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 162:192 arg1 V 194:194 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V 162:194 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V) 162:202 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 7 48 theme cholesterol 769:779 arg1 levels 826:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 7 48 theme cholesterol 769:779 arg1 levels 781:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 12 49 theme significant 1488:1498 arg1 activity 1456:1463 GnT-V activity 1450:1463 GnT-V activity 1450:1463 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 12 49 theme significant 1488:1498 arg1 determinant 1500:1510 an independent and significant determinant 1469:1510 an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences 1469:1579 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 2 50 theme immune 347:352 arg1 system 354:359 the immune system 343:359 the immune system 343:359 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 7 51 theme Total 757:761 arg1 levels 826:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels 789:831 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 7 51 theme Total 757:761 arg1 levels 781:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels 757:786 Total serum cholesterol levels, particularly HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, were significantly increased in Tg vs. wild-type (WT) mice. 27659420 12 52 theme GnT-V 1450:1454 arg1 activity 1456:1463 GnT-V activity 1450:1463 GnT-V activity 1450:1463 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 12 52 theme GnT-V 1450:1454 arg1 determinant 1500:1510 an independent and significant determinant 1469:1510 an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences 1469:1579 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 12 53 theme Multivariate 1401:1412 arg1 analyses 1423:1430 Multivariate logistic analyses 1401:1430 Multivariate logistic analyses 1401:1430 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 11 54 theme serum 1337:1341 arg1 activity 1349:1356 serum GnT-V activity 1337:1356 serum GnT-V activity 1337:1356 Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. 27659420 8 55 theme HDL 1022:1024 arg1 assembly 1026:1033 HDL assembly 1022:1033 HDL assembly 1022:1033 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 13 56 theme GnT-V 1622:1626 arg1 activity 1628:1635 serum GnT-V activity 1616:1635 serum GnT-V activity 1616:1635 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 11 57 theme HDL-C 1362:1366 arg1 concentration 1368:1380 HDL-C concentration 1362:1380 HDL-C concentration 1362:1380 Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. 27659420 14 58 theme hepatic 1757:1763 arg1 activity 1771:1778 enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity 1748:1778 enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity 1748:1778 These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis. 27659420 5 59 theme Tg 609:610 arg1 mice 613:616 GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice 591:616 GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice 591:616 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 4 60 from effects 484:490 arg1 assembly 573:580 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 4 61 theme aberrant 495:502 arg1 glycosylation 504:516 aberrant glycosylation 495:516 aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V 495:525 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 10 62 theme cultured 1223:1230 arg1 media 1232:1236 the cultured media 1219:1236 the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants 1219:1259 Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. 27659420 2 63 theme glycosyltransferases 299:318 arg1 glycosyltransferases 299:318 the most important glycosyltransferases 280:318 the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system 280:359 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 2 63 theme glycosyltransferases 299:318 arg1 one 273:275 one 273:275 one 273:275 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 3 64 theme N-glycan 401:408 arg1 structure 410:418 aberrant N-glycan structure 392:418 aberrant N-glycan structure 392:418 Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. 27659420 5 65 theme transgenic 597:606 arg1 mice 613:616 GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice 591:616 GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice 591:616 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 10 66 theme transfectants 1247:1259 arg1 media 1232:1236 the cultured media 1219:1236 the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants 1219:1259 Moreover, ApoAI protein in the cultured media of GnT-V transfectants was significantly increased. 27659420 5 67 theme human 640:644 arg1 transfectants 666:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 5 67 theme human 640:644 arg1 line 660:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 3 68 theme lipid 431:435 arg1 metabolism 437:446 lipid metabolism 431:446 lipid metabolism 431:446 Recent findings indicate that aberrant N-glycan structure can modify lipid metabolism. 27659420 4 69 theme lipoprotein 543:553 arg1 cholesterol 555:565 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 530:565 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 4 69 theme lipoprotein 543:553 arg1 HDL 568:570 HDL 568:570 HDL 568:570 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 8 70 theme Tg 1051:1052 arg1 mice 1054:1057 Tg mice 1051:1057 Tg mice 1051:1057 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 5 71 theme cell 655:658 arg1 transfectants 666:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 5 71 theme cell 655:658 arg1 line 660:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 8 72 theme Hepatic 894:900 arg1 factors 1011:1017 two important factors 997:1017 two important factors in HDL assembly 997:1033 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 72 theme Hepatic 894:900 arg1 expression 902:911 Hepatic expression 894:911 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 894:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 11 73 theme strong 1310:1315 arg1 correlation 1317:1327 a strong correlation 1308:1327 a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration 1308:1380 Finally, we found a strong correlation between serum GnT-V activity and HDL-C concentration in human subjects. 27659420 6 74 theme health 739:744 arg1 check-ups 746:754 medical health check-ups 731:754 medical health check-ups 731:754 The study also included 96 patients who underwent medical health check-ups. 27659420 0 75 theme aberrant 8:15 arg1 glycosylation 17:29 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation 0:29 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V 0:66 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly. 27659420 5 76 theme GnT-V 622:626 arg1 transfectants 666:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 5 76 theme GnT-V 622:626 arg1 line 660:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 8 77 theme WT 1073:1074 arg1 mice 1076:1079 WT mice 1073:1079 WT mice 1073:1079 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 5 78 theme cell 634:637 arg1 transfectants 666:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants 622:678 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 5 78 theme cell 634:637 arg1 line 660:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 human hepatoma cell line 640:663 We used GnT-V transgenic (Tg) mice and GnT-V Hep3B cell (human hepatoma cell line) transfectants. 27659420 1 79 theme various 123:129 arg1 conditions 150:159 various pathophysiological conditions 123:159 various pathophysiological conditions 123:159 Glycosylation is involved in various pathophysiological conditions. 27659420 8 80 theme AI 931:932 arg1 factors 1011:1017 two important factors 997:1017 two important factors in HDL assembly 997:1033 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 80 theme AI 931:932 arg1 expression 902:911 Hepatic expression 894:911 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 894:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 2 81 link asparagine-linked 234:250 arg1 oligosaccharides 252:267 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 234:267 asparagine-linked oligosaccharides 234:267 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 2 82 theme β1-6 216:219 arg1 branching 221:229 β1-6 branching 216:229 β1-6 branching 216:229 N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), catalyzing β1-6 branching in asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, is one of the most important glycosyltransferases involved in cancer and the immune system. 27659420 0 83 theme HDL 80:82 arg1 assembly 84:91 HDL assembly 80:91 HDL assembly 80:91 Hepatic aberrant glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V accelerates HDL assembly. 27659420 4 84 gly glycosylation 504:516 arg1 cholesterol 555:565 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 530:565 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly 530:580 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 4 84 gly glycosylation 504:516 arg1 HDL 568:570 HDL 568:570 HDL 568:570 In this study, we investigated the effects of aberrant glycosylation by GnT-V on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) assembly. 27659420 8 85 theme cassette 958:965 arg1 member 979:984 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 946:986 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 946:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 85 theme cassette 958:965 arg1 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 13 86 theme HDL 1691:1693 arg1 concentration 1704:1716 the large-size HDL particle concentration 1676:1716 the large-size HDL particle concentration 1676:1716 Further analyses represented that serum GnT-V activity had strong correlation especially with the large-size HDL particle concentration. 27659420 9 87 theme GnT-V 1134:1138 arg1 transfectants 1140:1152 GnT-V transfectants 1134:1152 GnT-V transfectants 1134:1152 ApoAI and ABCA1 were also significantly elevated in GnT-V transfectants compared with mock-transfected cells. 27659420 14 88 theme novel 1820:1824 arg1 mechanism 1826:1834 a novel mechanism 1818:1834 a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis 1818:1852 These findings indicate that enhanced hepatic GnT-V activity accelerated HDL assembly and could be a novel mechanism for HDL synthesis. 27659420 12 89 theme serum 1516:1520 arg1 levels 1528:1533 serum HDL-C levels 1516:1533 serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences 1516:1579 Multivariate logistic analyses demonstrated that GnT-V activity was an independent and significant determinant for serum HDL-C levels even adjusted with age and gender differences. 27659420 8 90 theme A 977:977 arg1 member 979:984 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 946:986 ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) 946:994 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 27659420 8 90 theme A 977:977 arg1 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 ABCA1 989:993 Hepatic expression of apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), two important factors in HDL assembly, were higher in Tg mice compared with WT mice. 25875280 0 0 theme different 80:88 arg1 process 101:107 different mechanical process 80:107 different mechanical process 80:107 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 0 1 from properties 14:23 arg1 petioles 68:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 3 2 with nanofibrils 504:514 arg1 cellulose 521:529 cellulose 521:529 cellulose contain more than 95% 521:551 The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. 25875280 3 3 theme nanofibrils 504:514 arg1 purity 494:499 high purity 489:499 high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% 489:551 The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. 25875280 1 4 theme chemical 243:250 arg1 pretreatments 252:264 chemical pretreatments 243:264 chemical pretreatments 243:264 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 7 5 with CNFs 1357:1360 arg1 times 1387:1391 15 grinding passing times 1367:1391 15 grinding passing times 1367:1391 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 5 6 theme crystalline 927:937 arg1 regions 939:945 crystalline regions 927:945 crystalline regions of the cellulose 927:962 On the contrary, further grinding operation could destroy crystalline regions of the cellulose. 25875280 8 7 theme petiole 1506:1512 arg1 residues 1514:1521 coconut palm petiole residues 1493:1521 coconut palm petiole residues 1493:1521 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 0 8 from Isolation 0:8 arg1 petioles 68:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 6 9 theme obtained 1195:1202 arg1 CNFs 1204:1207 the obtained CNFs 1191:1207 the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1191:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 10 theme homogenization 1152:1165 arg1 times 1143:1147 10 times 1140:1147 10 times of homogenization 1140:1165 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 10 theme homogenization 1152:1165 arg1 ratio 1182:1186 the aspect ratio 1171:1186 the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1171:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 4 11 theme chemical 605:612 arg1 pretreatments 614:626 chemical pretreatments 605:626 chemical pretreatments 605:626 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 6 12 theme aspect 1175:1180 arg1 ratio 1182:1186 the aspect ratio 1171:1186 the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1171:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 13 attach isolated 1020:1027 arg1 residues 1055:1062 coconut palm petiole residues 1034:1062 coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1034:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 13 attach isolated 1020:1027 arg2 quality 995:1001 high quality 990:1001 high quality of CNFs 990:1009 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 1 14 theme mechanical 270:279 arg1 treatments 281:290 mechanical treatments 270:290 mechanical treatments 270:290 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 6 15 theme chemical 1069:1076 arg1 treatments 1078:1087 chemical treatments 1069:1087 chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1069:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 4 16 theme chemical 789:796 arg1 pretreatments 798:810 the chemical pretreatments 785:810 the chemical pretreatments 785:810 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 5 17 theme further 886:892 arg1 operation 903:911 further grinding operation 886:911 further grinding operation 886:911 On the contrary, further grinding operation could destroy crystalline regions of the cellulose. 25875280 6 18 theme CNFs 1006:1009 arg1 quality 995:1001 high quality 990:1001 high quality of CNFs 990:1009 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 4 19 theme CNFs 863:866 arg1 crystallinity 846:858 the crystallinity 842:858 the crystallinity of CNFs 842:866 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 6 20 theme palm 1042:1045 arg1 residues 1055:1062 coconut palm petiole residues 1034:1062 coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1034:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 4 21 theme 38.00 683:687 arg1 % 688:688 % 688:688 % 688:688 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 1 22 theme cellulose 125:133 arg1 CNFs 148:151 CNFs 148:151 CNFs 148:151 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 1 22 theme cellulose 125:133 arg1 nanofibrils 135:145 cellulose nanofibrils 125:145 cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 125:152 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 8 23 theme due 1595:1597 arg1 composites 1584:1593 nanofiber reinforced composites 1563:1593 nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity 1563:1640 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 0 24 dep different 80:88 arg1 mechanical 90:99 mechanical 90:99 mechanical 90:99 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 4 25 theme 70.36 693:697 arg1 % 688:688 % 688:688 % 688:688 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 8 26 theme potential 1539:1547 arg1 feedstock 1549:1557 a potential feedstock 1537:1557 a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity 1537:1640 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 8 26 theme potential 1539:1547 arg1 it 1527:1528 it 1527:1528 it 1527:1528 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 6 27 from treatments 1078:1087 arg1 combination 1092:1102 combination 1092:1102 combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1092:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 4 28 theme operation 734:742 arg1 times 716:720 10-15 times 710:720 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments 710:810 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 7 29 contain had 1393:1395 arg2 stability 1414:1422 the best thermal stability 1397:1422 the best thermal stability 1397:1422 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 7 29 contain had 1393:1395 arg1 CNFs 1357:1360 the CNFs 1353:1360 the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times 1353:1391 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 5 30 theme grinding 894:901 arg1 operation 903:911 further grinding operation 886:911 further grinding operation 886:911 On the contrary, further grinding operation could destroy crystalline regions of the cellulose. 25875280 6 31 theme high 990:993 arg1 quality 995:1001 high quality 990:1001 high quality of CNFs 990:1009 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 5 32 theme cellulose 954:962 arg1 regions 939:945 crystalline regions 927:945 crystalline regions of the cellulose 927:962 On the contrary, further grinding operation could destroy crystalline regions of the cellulose. 25875280 3 33 dep cellulose 521:529 arg1 contain 531:537 contain 531:537 contain more than 95% 531:551 The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. 25875280 1 34 theme coconut 186:192 arg1 residues 207:214 coconut palm petiole residues 186:214 coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments 186:290 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 2 35 theme chemical 425:432 arg1 pretreatments 434:446 chemical pretreatments 425:446 chemical pretreatments 425:446 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 4 36 theme X-ray 567:571 arg1 diffractogram 573:585 X-ray diffractogram 567:585 X-ray diffractogram 567:585 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 6 37 theme times 1110:1114 arg1 combination 1092:1102 combination 1092:1102 combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1092:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 1 38 theme palm 194:197 arg1 residues 207:214 coconut palm petiole residues 186:214 coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments 186:290 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 0 39 theme nanofibrils 38:48 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 0 39 theme nanofibrils 38:48 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 7 40 theme thermal 1313:1319 arg1 stability 1321:1329 thermal stability 1313:1329 thermal stability of fiber samples 1313:1346 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 7 41 theme TGA-DTG 1247:1253 arg1 result 1237:1242 The result 1233:1242 The result of TGA-DTG 1233:1253 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 7 42 theme samples 1340:1346 arg1 stability 1321:1329 thermal stability 1313:1329 thermal stability of fiber samples 1313:1346 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 1 43 theme petiole 199:205 arg1 residues 207:214 coconut palm petiole residues 186:214 coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments 186:290 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 0 44 theme cellulose 28:36 arg1 nanofibrils 38:48 cellulose nanofibrils 28:48 cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles 28:75 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 8 45 theme reinforced 1573:1582 arg1 composites 1584:1593 nanofiber reinforced composites 1563:1593 nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity 1563:1640 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 0 46 from petioles 68:75 arg1 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 properties 14:23 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 0 46 from petioles 68:75 arg1 nanofibrils 38:48 cellulose nanofibrils 28:48 cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles 28:75 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 0 46 from petioles 68:75 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 8 47 theme aspect 1611:1616 arg1 ratio 1618:1622 its high aspect ratio 1602:1622 its high aspect ratio 1602:1622 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 7 48 theme passing 1379:1385 arg1 times 1387:1391 15 grinding passing times 1367:1391 15 grinding passing times 1367:1391 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 4 49 theme CNFs 673:676 arg1 crystallinity 656:668 the crystallinity 652:668 the crystallinity of CNFs 652:676 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 0 50 theme coconut 55:61 arg1 petioles 68:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 1 51 attach isolated 172:179 arg2 CNFs 148:151 CNFs 148:151 CNFs 148:151 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 1 51 attach isolated 172:179 arg2 nanofibrils 135:145 cellulose nanofibrils 125:145 cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) 125:152 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 1 51 attach isolated 172:179 arg1 residues 207:214 coconut palm petiole residues 186:214 coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments 186:290 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 7 52 theme grinding 1370:1377 arg1 times 1387:1391 15 grinding passing times 1367:1391 15 grinding passing times 1367:1391 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 7 53 theme chemical-mechanical 1273:1291 arg1 treatments 1293:1302 the chemical-mechanical treatments 1269:1302 the chemical-mechanical treatments 1269:1302 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 7 54 theme thermal 1406:1412 arg1 stability 1414:1422 the best thermal stability 1397:1422 the best thermal stability 1397:1422 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 6 55 theme SEM 965:967 arg1 image 969:973 SEM image 965:973 SEM image 965:973 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 56 with residues 1055:1062 arg1 treatments 1078:1087 chemical treatments 1069:1087 chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1069:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 2 57 attach removed 396:402 arg2 hemicellulose 366:378 hemicellulose 366:378 hemicellulose 366:378 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 2 57 attach removed 396:402 arg2 most 358:361 most 358:361 most 358:361 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 2 57 attach removed 396:402 arg1 fiber 413:417 the fiber 409:417 the fiber 409:417 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 2 57 attach removed 396:402 arg2 lignin 384:389 lignin 384:389 lignin 384:389 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 2 58 theme spectra 329:335 arg1 analysis 337:344 FTIR spectra analysis 324:344 FTIR spectra analysis 324:344 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 6 59 theme petiole 1047:1053 arg1 residues 1055:1062 coconut palm petiole residues 1034:1062 coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1034:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 60 dep grinding 1119:1126 arg1 followed 1128:1135 followed 1128:1135 followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1128:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 8 61 theme coconut 1493:1499 arg1 residues 1514:1521 coconut palm petiole residues 1493:1521 coconut palm petiole residues 1493:1521 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 2 62 theme FTIR 324:327 arg1 analysis 337:344 FTIR spectra analysis 324:344 FTIR spectra analysis 324:344 FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. 25875280 7 63 theme fiber 1334:1338 arg1 samples 1340:1346 fiber samples 1334:1346 fiber samples 1334:1346 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 4 64 theme grinding 725:732 arg1 operation 734:742 grinding operation 725:742 grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments 725:810 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 1 65 dep pretreatments 252:264 arg1 off 224:226 off 224:226 off 224:226 In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. 25875280 4 66 dep % 688:688 arg1 to 690:691 to 690:691 to 690:691 X-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemical pretreatments significantly increased the crystallinity of CNFs from 38.00% to 70.36%; however, 10-15 times of grinding operation followed by homogenizing treatment after the chemical pretreatments did not significantly improve the crystallinity of CNFs. 25875280 3 67 theme CNFS 469:472 arg1 compositions 453:464 The compositions 449:464 The compositions of CNFS 449:472 The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. 25875280 6 68 dep 640 1228:1230 arg1 to 1225:1226 to 1225:1226 to 1225:1226 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 3 69 theme high 489:492 arg1 purity 494:499 high purity 489:499 high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% 489:551 The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. 25875280 6 70 theme coconut 1034:1040 arg1 residues 1055:1062 coconut palm petiole residues 1034:1062 coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1034:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 0 71 theme palm 63:66 arg1 petioles 68:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 coconut palm petioles 55:75 Isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process. 25875280 8 72 theme palm 1501:1504 arg1 residues 1514:1521 coconut palm petiole residues 1493:1521 coconut palm petiole residues 1493:1521 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 25875280 6 73 theme CNFs 1204:1207 arg1 times 1143:1147 10 times 1140:1147 10 times of homogenization 1140:1165 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 6 73 theme CNFs 1204:1207 arg1 ratio 1182:1186 the aspect ratio 1171:1186 the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640 1171:1230 SEM image indicated that high quality of CNFs could be isolated from coconut palm petiole residues with chemical treatments in combination of 15 times of grinding followed by 10 times of homogenization and the aspect ratio of the obtained CNFs ranged from 320 to 640. 25875280 7 74 theme best 1401:1404 arg1 stability 1414:1422 the best thermal stability 1397:1422 the best thermal stability 1397:1422 The result of TGA-DTG revealed that the chemical-mechanical treatments improved thermal stability of fiber samples, and the CNFs with 15 grinding passing times had the best thermal stability. 25875280 8 75 theme high 1606:1609 arg1 aspect 1611:1616 its high aspect 1602:1616 its high aspect ratio 1602:1622 This work suggests that the CNFs can be successfully extracted from coconut palm petiole residues and it may be a potential feedstock for nanofiber reinforced composites due to its high aspect ratio and crystallinity. 26477576 4 0 theme bp 830:831 arg1 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 0 theme bp 830:831 arg1 3'-UTR 836:841 a 3'-UTR 834:841 a 3'-UTR of 189 bp 834:851 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 0 theme bp 830:831 arg1 frame 874:878 an open reading frame 858:878 an open reading frame of 771 bp 858:888 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 0 theme bp 830:831 arg1 region 811:816 a 5'-untranslated region 793:816 a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp 793:831 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 5 1 with protein 904:910 arg1 point 1005:1009 a predicted isoelectric point 981:1009 a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62 981:1017 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 5 1 with protein 904:910 arg1 weight 956:961 a deduced molecular weight 936:961 a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa 936:975 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 1 2 theme bond 463:466 arg1 reduction 468:476 disulfide bond reduction 453:476 disulfide bond reduction in mammals 453:487 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 10 3 theme refolded 1584:1591 arg1 lbGILT 1593:1598 The refolded lbGILT 1580:1598 The refolded lbGILT 1580:1598 The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. 26477576 6 4 theme known 1085:1089 arg1 GILTs 1091:1095 known GILTs 1085:1095 known GILTs 1085:1095 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 3 5 theme reverse 703:709 arg1 PCR 725:727 reverse transcription PCR 703:727 reverse transcription PCR 703:727 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 3 6 theme lbGILT 693:698 arg1 cDNA 685:688 the full-length cDNA 669:688 the full-length cDNA of lbGILT 669:698 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 6 7 theme N-linked 1144:1151 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 1 8 theme gamma-interferon-inducible 179:204 arg1 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 8 theme gamma-interferon-inducible 179:204 arg1 reductase 222:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 168:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 168:237 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 6 9 theme typical 1054:1060 arg1 features 1073:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 9 theme typical 1054:1060 arg1 cysteines 1219:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 9 theme typical 1054:1060 arg1 motif 1123:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 9 theme typical 1054:1060 arg1 sequence 1191:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 9 theme typical 1054:1060 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 3 10 theme rapid 733:737 arg1 amplification 739:751 rapid amplification 733:751 rapid amplification of cDNA ends 733:764 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 1 11 theme adaptive 424:431 arg1 immunity 433:440 adaptive immunity 424:440 adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals 424:487 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 12 theme thiol 216:220 arg1 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 12 theme thiol 216:220 arg1 reductase 222:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 168:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 168:237 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 2 13 theme designated 557:566 arg1 lbGILT 569:574 designated 'lbGILT' 557:575 designated 'lbGILT' 557:575 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 2 13 theme designated 557:566 arg1 bass 551:554 largemouth bass 540:554 largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT') 540:576 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 7 14 theme quantitative 1290:1301 arg1 PCR 1303:1305 real-time quantitative PCR 1280:1305 real-time quantitative PCR 1280:1305 Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. 26477576 0 15 theme largemouth 127:136 arg1 salmoides 156:164 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 4 16 theme open 861:864 arg1 frame 874:878 an open reading frame 858:878 an open reading frame of 771 bp 858:888 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 6 17 link N-linked 1144:1151 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 3 18 theme ends 761:764 arg1 PCR 725:727 reverse transcription PCR 703:727 reverse transcription PCR 703:727 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 3 18 theme ends 761:764 arg1 amplification 739:751 rapid amplification 733:751 rapid amplification of cDNA ends 733:764 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 6 19 theme site 1118:1121 arg1 motif 1123:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 5 20 theme deduced 938:944 arg1 weight 956:961 a deduced molecular weight 936:961 a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa 936:975 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 6 21 gly glycosylation 1153:1165 arg2 two 1130:1132 two 1130:1132 two 1130:1132 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 21 gly glycosylation 1153:1165 arg2 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 4 22 theme bp 850:851 arg1 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 22 theme bp 850:851 arg1 3'-UTR 836:841 a 3'-UTR 834:841 a 3'-UTR of 189 bp 834:851 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 22 theme bp 850:851 arg1 frame 874:878 an open reading frame 858:878 an open reading frame of 771 bp 858:888 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 22 theme bp 850:851 arg1 region 811:816 a 5'-untranslated region 793:816 a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp 793:831 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 6 23 theme signature 1181:1189 arg1 sequence 1191:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 7 24 theme Tissue-specific 1230:1244 arg1 expression 1246:1255 Tissue-specific expression 1230:1255 Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT 1230:1265 Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. 26477576 0 25 theme lysosomal 86:94 arg1 reductase 102:110 gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 59:110 the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene 55:122 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 0 25 theme lysosomal 86:94 arg1 GILT 113:116 GILT 113:116 GILT 113:116 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 5 26 theme 5.62 1014:1017 arg1 weight 956:961 a deduced molecular weight 936:961 a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa 936:975 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 5 26 theme 5.62 1014:1017 arg1 point 1005:1009 a predicted isoelectric point 981:1009 a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62 981:1017 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 9 27 theme Recombinant 1427:1437 arg1 lbGILT 1439:1444 Recombinant lbGILT 1427:1444 Recombinant lbGILT 1427:1444 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 9 27 theme Recombinant 1427:1437 arg1 body 1475:1478 an inclusion body 1462:1478 an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3) 1462:1517 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 0 28 theme reductase 102:110 arg1 gene 119:122 the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene 55:122 the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene 55:122 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 1 29 theme antigens 362:369 arg1 presentation 287:298 presentation 287:298 presentation 287:298 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 29 theme antigens 362:369 arg1 processing 272:281 processing 272:281 processing 272:281 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 5 30 theme predicted 983:991 arg1 point 1005:1009 a predicted isoelectric point 981:1009 a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62 981:1017 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 2 31 theme gene 522:525 arg1 homolog 527:533 a GILT gene homolog 515:533 a GILT gene homolog 515:533 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 0 32 theme gene 119:122 arg1 structure 10:18 Molecular structure 0:18 Molecular structure 0:18 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 0 32 theme gene 119:122 arg1 characterization 35:50 functional characterization 24:50 functional characterization 24:50 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 9 33 theme inclusion 1465:1473 arg1 lbGILT 1439:1444 Recombinant lbGILT 1427:1444 Recombinant lbGILT 1427:1444 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 9 33 theme inclusion 1465:1473 arg1 body 1475:1478 an inclusion body 1462:1478 an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3) 1462:1517 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 0 34 from characterization 35:50 arg1 salmoides 156:164 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 0 35 theme thiol 96:100 arg1 reductase 102:110 gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 59:110 the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene 55:122 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 0 35 theme thiol 96:100 arg1 GILT 113:116 GILT 113:116 GILT 113:116 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 8 36 with induction 1392:1400 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1407:1424 lipopolysaccharide 1407:1424 lipopolysaccharide 1407:1424 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 0 37 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 structure 10:18 Molecular structure 0:18 Molecular structure 0:18 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 1 38 theme major 303:307 arg1 class 342:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 303:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 9 39 theme His6 1487:1490 arg1 tag 1492:1494 a His6 tag 1485:1494 a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3) 1485:1517 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 9 40 from tag 1492:1494 arg1 ArcticExpress 1499:1511 ArcticExpress 1499:1511 ArcticExpress (DE3) 1499:1517 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 9 40 from tag 1492:1494 arg1 DE3 1514:1516 DE3 1514:1516 DE3 1514:1516 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 1 41 theme complex 328:334 arg1 class 342:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 303:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 5 42 theme acids 925:929 arg1 It 891:892 It 891:892 It 891:892 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 5 42 theme acids 925:929 arg1 protein 904:910 a protein 902:910 a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62 902:1017 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 1 43 theme MHC 337:339 arg1 class 342:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 303:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 44 theme class 342:346 arg1 antigens 362:369 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 8 45 theme mRNA 1333:1336 arg1 regulated 1355:1363 regulated 1355:1363 regulated 1355:1363 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 8 45 theme mRNA 1333:1336 arg1 expression 1312:1321 The expression 1308:1321 The expression of lbGILT mRNA 1308:1336 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 10 46 theme reduction 1607:1615 arg1 activity 1617:1624 reduction activity 1607:1624 reduction activity 1607:1624 The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. 26477576 6 47 theme GILT 1176:1179 arg1 sequence 1191:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 2 48 theme freshwater 581:590 arg1 fish 592:595 a freshwater fish 579:595 a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes 579:620 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 2 48 theme freshwater 581:590 arg1 bass 551:554 largemouth bass 540:554 largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT') 540:576 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 1 49 from reduction 468:476 arg1 mammals 481:487 mammals 481:487 mammals 481:487 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 6 50 contain possesses 1040:1048 arg2 motif 1123:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 50 contain possesses 1040:1048 arg2 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 50 contain possesses 1040:1048 arg2 features 1073:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 50 contain possesses 1040:1048 arg1 protein 1032:1038 The deduced protein 1020:1038 The deduced protein 1020:1038 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 50 contain possesses 1040:1048 arg2 cysteines 1219:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 50 contain possesses 1040:1048 arg2 sequence 1191:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 3 51 theme full-length 673:683 arg1 cDNA 685:688 the full-length cDNA 669:688 the full-length cDNA of lbGILT 669:698 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 10 52 theme IgG 1637:1639 arg1 substrate 1641:1649 an IgG substrate 1634:1649 an IgG substrate 1634:1649 The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. 26477576 3 53 theme transcription 711:723 arg1 PCR 725:727 reverse transcription PCR 703:727 reverse transcription PCR 703:727 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 6 54 theme glycosylation 1153:1165 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 1 55 theme enzyme 172:177 arg1 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 55 theme enzyme 172:177 arg1 reductase 222:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 168:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 168:237 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 6 56 theme structural 1062:1071 arg1 features 1073:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 56 theme structural 1062:1071 arg1 cysteines 1219:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 56 theme structural 1062:1071 arg1 motif 1123:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 56 theme structural 1062:1071 arg1 sequence 1191:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 56 theme structural 1062:1071 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 57 theme potential 1134:1142 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 1 58 theme lysosomal 206:214 arg1 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 GILT 233:236 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 1 58 theme lysosomal 206:214 arg1 reductase 222:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 168:230 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) 168:237 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 9 59 with body 1475:1478 arg1 tag 1492:1494 a His6 tag 1485:1494 a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3) 1485:1517 Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. 26477576 0 60 theme bass 138:141 arg1 salmoides 156:164 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 0 61 theme Microptenus 144:154 arg1 salmoides 156:164 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 1 62 theme I-restricted 399:410 arg1 antigens 412:419 MHC I-restricted antigens 395:419 MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals 395:487 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 2 63 theme largemouth 540:549 arg1 lbGILT 569:574 designated 'lbGILT' 557:575 designated 'lbGILT' 557:575 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 2 63 theme largemouth 540:549 arg1 fish 592:595 a freshwater fish 579:595 a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes 579:620 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 2 63 theme largemouth 540:549 arg1 bass 551:554 largemouth bass 540:554 largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT') 540:576 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 7 64 theme real-time 1280:1288 arg1 PCR 1303:1305 real-time quantitative PCR 1280:1305 real-time quantitative PCR 1280:1305 Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. 26477576 8 65 from kidney 1379:1384 arg1 regulated 1355:1363 regulated 1355:1363 regulated 1355:1363 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 8 65 from kidney 1379:1384 arg1 expression 1312:1321 The expression 1308:1321 The expression of lbGILT mRNA 1308:1336 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 1 66 dep processing 272:281 arg1 the 268:270 the 268:270 the 268:270 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 6 67 theme active 1111:1116 arg1 motif 1123:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 3 68 theme cDNA 756:759 arg1 ends 761:764 cDNA ends 756:764 cDNA ends 756:764 We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. 26477576 5 69 theme molecular 946:954 arg1 weight 956:961 a deduced molecular weight 936:961 a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa 936:975 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 7 70 theme lbGILT 1260:1265 arg1 expression 1246:1255 Tissue-specific expression 1230:1255 Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT 1230:1265 Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. 26477576 8 71 from regulated 1355:1363 arg1 spleen 1368:1373 spleen 1368:1373 spleen 1368:1373 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 8 71 from regulated 1355:1363 arg1 kidney 1379:1384 kidney 1379:1384 kidney 1379:1384 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 1 72 theme disulfide 453:461 arg1 reduction 468:476 disulfide bond reduction 453:476 disulfide bond reduction in mammals 453:487 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 4 73 theme bp 887:888 arg1 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 73 theme bp 887:888 arg1 3'-UTR 836:841 a 3'-UTR 834:841 a 3'-UTR of 189 bp 834:851 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 73 theme bp 887:888 arg1 frame 874:878 an open reading frame 858:878 an open reading frame of 771 bp 858:888 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 73 theme bp 887:888 arg1 region 811:816 a 5'-untranslated region 793:816 a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp 793:831 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 6 74 theme GILTs 1091:1095 arg1 features 1073:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 the typical structural features 1050:1080 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 74 theme GILTs 1091:1095 arg1 cysteines 1219:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 74 theme GILTs 1091:1095 arg1 motif 1123:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 an active site motif 1108:1127 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 74 theme GILTs 1091:1095 arg1 sequence 1191:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 a GILT signature sequence 1174:1198 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 6 74 theme GILTs 1091:1095 arg1 sites 1167:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 two potential N-linked glycosylation sites 1130:1171 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 1 75 theme II-restricted 348:360 arg1 antigens 362:369 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 0 76 from structure 10:18 arg1 salmoides 156:164 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides) 127:165 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 2 77 theme nutritive 640:648 arg1 value 650:654 its nutritive value 636:654 its nutritive value 636:654 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 1 78 from antigens 412:419 arg1 immunity 433:440 adaptive immunity 424:440 adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals 424:487 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 4 79 theme reading 866:872 arg1 frame 874:878 an open reading frame 858:878 an open reading frame of 771 bp 858:888 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 8 80 from spleen 1368:1373 arg1 regulated 1355:1363 regulated 1355:1363 regulated 1355:1363 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 8 80 from spleen 1368:1373 arg1 expression 1312:1321 The expression 1308:1321 The expression of lbGILT mRNA 1308:1336 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 5 81 theme isoelectric 993:1003 arg1 point 1005:1009 a predicted isoelectric point 981:1009 a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62 981:1017 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 2 82 theme GILT 517:520 arg1 homolog 527:533 a GILT gene homolog 515:533 a GILT gene homolog 515:533 In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. 26477576 6 83 theme conserved 1209:1217 arg1 cysteines 1219:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 six conserved cysteines 1205:1227 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 5 84 theme kDa 973:975 arg1 weight 956:961 a deduced molecular weight 936:961 a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa 936:975 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 5 84 theme kDa 973:975 arg1 point 1005:1009 a predicted isoelectric point 981:1009 a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62 981:1017 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 0 85 theme functional 24:33 arg1 characterization 35:50 functional characterization 24:50 functional characterization 24:50 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 1 86 theme histocompatibility 309:326 arg1 class 342:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 303:346 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens 303:369 The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. 26477576 5 87 theme amino 919:923 arg1 acids 925:929 256 amino acids 915:929 256 amino acids 915:929 It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. 26477576 0 88 theme gamma-interferon-inducible 59:84 arg1 reductase 102:110 gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase 59:110 the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene 55:122 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 0 88 theme gamma-interferon-inducible 59:84 arg1 GILT 113:116 GILT 113:116 GILT 113:116 Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). 26477576 6 89 theme deduced 1024:1030 arg1 protein 1032:1038 The deduced protein 1020:1038 The deduced protein 1020:1038 The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. 26477576 4 90 theme 5'-untranslated 795:809 arg1 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 UTR 819:821 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 4 90 theme 5'-untranslated 795:809 arg1 region 811:816 a 5'-untranslated region 793:816 a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp 793:831 This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. 26477576 8 91 theme lbGILT 1326:1331 arg1 mRNA 1333:1336 lbGILT mRNA 1326:1336 lbGILT mRNA 1326:1336 The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. 26477576 11 92 theme innate 1702:1707 arg1 immunity 1709:1716 innate immunity 1702:1716 innate immunity 1702:1716 These results suggest that lbGILT plays a role in innate immunity. 27756641 2 0 theme Camellia 488:495 arg1 sinensis 497:504 Camellia sinensis 488:504 Camellia sinensis 488:504 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 0 theme Camellia 488:495 arg1 tea 483:485 green tea 477:485 green tea (Camellia sinensis) 477:505 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 1 1 dep spectroscopy 306:317 arg1 analysis 350:357 analysis 350:357 analysis 350:357 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 2 2 theme inhibitory 377:386 arg1 activity 388:395 inhibitory activity 377:395 inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%) 377:456 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 3 theme maximum 420:426 arg1 percentage 439:448 the maximum inhibition percentage 416:448 the maximum inhibition percentage of 65% 416:455 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 7 4 theme inhibitory 1530:1539 arg1 activity 1541:1548 the α-amylase inhibitory activity 1516:1548 the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA 1516:1556 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 6 5 theme major 1307:1311 arg1 role 1313:1316 a major role 1305:1316 a major role 1305:1316 The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. 27756641 1 6 theme tea 166:168 arg1 polysaccharides 170:184 tea polysaccharides 166:184 tea polysaccharides 166:184 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 4 7 from 20 1010:1011 arg1 constants 910:918 the binding constants 898:918 the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA 898:945 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 4 7 from 20 1010:1011 arg1 L·mol-1 999:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 2 8 theme nuclear 528:534 arg1 spectroscopy 555:566 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 528:566 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 528:566 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 9 theme ultraviolet-visible 610:628 arg1 spectroscopy 630:641 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy 610:641 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy 610:641 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 10 attach isolated 463:470 arg1 sinensis 497:504 Camellia sinensis 488:504 Camellia sinensis 488:504 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 10 attach isolated 463:470 arg1 tea 483:485 green tea 477:485 green tea (Camellia sinensis) 477:505 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 10 attach isolated 463:470 arg2 TPSA 360:363 TPSA 360:363 TPSA 360:363 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 7 11 theme main 1496:1499 arg1 contributor 1501:1511 the main contributor 1492:1511 the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA 1492:1556 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 7 11 theme main 1496:1499 arg1 complex 1475:1481 this complex 1470:1481 this complex 1470:1481 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 7 12 theme α-amylase 1520:1528 arg1 activity 1541:1548 the α-amylase inhibitory activity 1516:1548 the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA 1516:1556 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 3 13 theme TPSA 793:796 arg1 α-amylase 779:787 α-amylase 779:787 α-amylase 779:787 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 13 theme TPSA 793:796 arg1 residues 767:774 the tryptophan residues 752:774 the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA 752:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 13 theme TPSA 793:796 arg1 TPSA 793:796 TPSA 793:796 TPSA 793:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 4 14 theme binding 902:908 arg1 constants 910:918 the binding constants 898:918 the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA 898:945 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 4 14 theme binding 902:908 arg1 L·mol-1 999:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 4 15 theme quenching 841:849 arg1 effect 851:856 the fluorescence quenching effect 824:856 the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA 824:895 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 1 16 theme polysaccharides 170:184 arg1 activity 154:161 the α-amylase inhibitory activity 129:161 the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides 129:184 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 4 17 theme fluorescence 828:839 arg1 effect 851:856 the fluorescence quenching effect 824:856 the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA 824:895 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 3 18 theme α-amylase 779:787 arg1 α-amylase 779:787 α-amylase 779:787 α-amylase 779:787 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 18 theme α-amylase 779:787 arg1 residues 767:774 the tryptophan residues 752:774 the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA 752:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 18 theme α-amylase 779:787 arg1 TPSA 793:796 TPSA 793:796 TPSA 793:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 2 19 theme gas 648:650 arg1 chromatography 652:665 gas chromatography 648:665 gas chromatography 648:665 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 5 20 theme spontaneous 1143:1153 arg1 process 1155:1161 a spontaneous process 1141:1161 a spontaneous process 1141:1161 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 5 20 theme spontaneous 1143:1153 arg1 interaction 1125:1135 the bonding interaction 1113:1135 the bonding interaction 1113:1135 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 7 21 theme α-amylase/TPSA 1362:1375 arg1 complex 1377:1383 an α-amylase/TPSA complex 1359:1383 an α-amylase/TPSA complex 1359:1383 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 7 22 theme TPSA 1553:1556 arg1 activity 1541:1548 the α-amylase inhibitory activity 1516:1548 the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA 1516:1556 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 5 23 theme bonding 1117:1123 arg1 process 1155:1161 a spontaneous process 1141:1161 a spontaneous process 1141:1161 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 5 23 theme bonding 1117:1123 arg1 interaction 1125:1135 the bonding interaction 1113:1135 the bonding interaction 1113:1135 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 7 24 theme fluorescence 1402:1413 arg1 quenching 1415:1423 fluorescence quenching 1402:1423 fluorescence quenching 1402:1423 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 7 25 theme scattering 1445:1454 arg1 analysis 1456:1463 fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis 1402:1463 fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis 1402:1463 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 2 26 theme % 455:455 arg1 percentage 439:448 the maximum inhibition percentage 416:448 the maximum inhibition percentage of 65% 416:455 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 1 27 theme fluorescence 293:304 arg1 spectroscopy 306:317 fluorescence spectroscopy 293:317 fluorescence spectroscopy 293:317 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 6 28 theme entropy 1185:1191 arg1 changes 1193:1199 The enthalpy and the entropy changes 1164:1199 The enthalpy and the entropy changes 1164:1199 The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. 27756641 0 29 theme acidic 38:43 arg1 polysaccharide 54:67 an acidic branched polysaccharide 35:67 an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea 35:82 Interactions between α-amylase and an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea. 27756641 5 30 theme calculated 1045:1054 arg1 negative 1087:1094 negative 1087:1094 negative 1087:1094 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 5 30 theme calculated 1045:1054 arg1 changes 1074:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes 1041:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes 1041:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 2 31 theme resonance 545:553 arg1 spectroscopy 555:566 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 528:566 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 528:566 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 0 32 from tea 80:82 arg1 α-amylase 21:29 α-amylase 21:29 α-amylase 21:29 Interactions between α-amylase and an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea. 27756641 0 32 from tea 80:82 arg1 polysaccharide 54:67 an acidic branched polysaccharide 35:67 an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea 35:82 Interactions between α-amylase and an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea. 27756641 5 33 theme Gibbs 1056:1060 arg1 negative 1087:1094 negative 1087:1094 negative 1087:1094 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 5 33 theme Gibbs 1056:1060 arg1 changes 1074:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes 1041:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes 1041:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 7 34 theme complex 1377:1383 arg1 formation 1346:1354 The formation 1342:1354 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex 1342:1383 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 2 35 theme green 477:481 arg1 sinensis 497:504 Camellia sinensis 488:504 Camellia sinensis 488:504 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 35 theme green 477:481 arg1 tea 483:485 green tea 477:485 green tea (Camellia sinensis) 477:505 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 2 36 theme magnetic 536:543 arg1 spectroscopy 555:566 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 528:566 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 528:566 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 3 37 theme Synchronous 668:678 arg1 spectroscopy 693:704 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy 668:704 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy 668:704 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 5 38 theme free-energy 1062:1072 arg1 negative 1087:1094 negative 1087:1094 negative 1087:1094 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 5 38 theme free-energy 1062:1072 arg1 changes 1074:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes 1041:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes 1041:1080 The calculated Gibbs free-energy changes were negative, indicating that the bonding interaction was a spontaneous process. 27756641 7 39 theme light 1439:1443 arg1 scattering 1445:1454 resonance light scattering 1429:1454 resonance light scattering 1429:1454 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 2 40 theme inhibition 428:437 arg1 percentage 439:448 the maximum inhibition percentage 416:448 the maximum inhibition percentage of 65% 416:455 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 1 41 theme resonance 323:331 arg1 scattering 339:348 resonance light scattering 323:348 resonance light scattering 323:348 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 3 42 theme fluorescence 680:691 arg1 spectroscopy 693:704 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy 668:704 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy 668:704 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 7 43 theme resonance 1429:1437 arg1 scattering 1445:1454 resonance light scattering 1429:1454 resonance light scattering 1429:1454 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 1 44 theme responsible 113:123 arg1 mechanism 103:111 the mechanism 99:111 the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides 99:184 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 0 45 theme branched 45:52 arg1 polysaccharide 54:67 an acidic branched polysaccharide 35:67 an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea 35:82 Interactions between α-amylase and an acidic branched polysaccharide from green tea. 27756641 1 46 theme light 333:337 arg1 scattering 339:348 resonance light scattering 323:348 resonance light scattering 323:348 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 2 47 theme infrared 587:594 arg1 spectroscopy 596:607 infrared spectroscopy 587:607 infrared spectroscopy 587:607 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 3 48 theme binding 724:730 arg1 predominant 802:812 predominant 802:812 predominant 802:812 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 48 theme binding 724:730 arg1 interaction 732:742 the binding interaction 720:742 the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA 720:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 6 49 theme bonding 1273:1279 arg1 interactions 1281:1292 hydrogen bonding interactions 1264:1292 hydrogen bonding interactions 1264:1292 The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. 27756641 6 50 theme binding 1325:1331 arg1 process 1333:1339 the binding process 1321:1339 the binding process 1321:1339 The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. 27756641 4 51 from 37°C 1021:1024 arg1 constants 910:918 the binding constants 898:918 the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA 898:945 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 4 51 from 37°C 1021:1024 arg1 L·mol-1 999:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 7 52 theme quenching 1415:1423 arg1 analysis 1456:1463 fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis 1402:1463 fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis 1402:1463 The formation of an α-amylase/TPSA complex was evidenced by fluorescence quenching and resonance light scattering analysis, and this complex could be the main contributor to the α-amylase inhibitory activity of TPSA. 27756641 6 53 theme hydrogen 1264:1271 arg1 interactions 1281:1292 hydrogen bonding interactions 1264:1292 hydrogen bonding interactions 1264:1292 The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. 27756641 6 54 theme enthalpy 1168:1175 arg1 changes 1193:1199 The enthalpy and the entropy changes 1164:1199 The enthalpy and the entropy changes 1164:1199 The enthalpy and the entropy changes were -62.13 KJ·mol-1 and -0.0728 KJ·mol-1·K-1, suggesting that hydrogen bonding interactions might play a major role in the binding process. 27756641 1 55 theme acidic 228:233 arg1 TPSA 264:267 TPSA 264:267 TPSA 264:267 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 1 55 theme acidic 228:233 arg1 polysaccharide 248:261 an acidic branched tea polysaccharide 225:261 an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) 225:268 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 2 56 dep α-amylase 405:413 arg1 percentage 439:448 the maximum inhibition percentage 416:448 the maximum inhibition percentage of 65% 416:455 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 1 57 theme α-amylase 133:141 arg1 activity 154:161 the α-amylase inhibitory activity 129:161 the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides 129:184 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 1 58 theme branched 235:242 arg1 TPSA 264:267 TPSA 264:267 TPSA 264:267 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 1 58 theme branched 235:242 arg1 polysaccharide 248:261 an acidic branched tea polysaccharide 225:261 an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) 225:268 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 4 59 theme residues 872:879 arg1 effect 851:856 the fluorescence quenching effect 824:856 the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA 824:895 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 1 60 theme inhibitory 143:152 arg1 activity 154:161 the α-amylase inhibitory activity 129:161 the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides 129:184 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 1 61 theme tea 244:246 arg1 TPSA 264:267 TPSA 264:267 TPSA 264:267 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 1 61 theme tea 244:246 arg1 polysaccharide 248:261 an acidic branched tea polysaccharide 225:261 an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) 225:268 To understand the mechanism responsible for the α-amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides, the interaction between α-amylase and an acidic branched tea polysaccharide (TPSA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and resonance light scattering analysis. 27756641 2 62 dep Fourier 569:575 arg1 transform 577:585 transform 577:585 transform infrared spectroscopy 577:607 TPSA, exhibiting inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (the maximum inhibition percentage of 65%), was isolated from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. 27756641 3 63 theme tryptophan 756:765 arg1 α-amylase 779:787 α-amylase 779:787 α-amylase 779:787 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 63 theme tryptophan 756:765 arg1 residues 767:774 the tryptophan residues 752:774 the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA 752:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 3 63 theme tryptophan 756:765 arg1 TPSA 793:796 TPSA 793:796 TPSA 793:796 Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding interaction between the tryptophan residues of α-amylase and TPSA was predominant. 27756641 4 64 theme tryptophan 861:870 arg1 residues 872:879 tryptophan residues 861:879 tryptophan residues 861:879 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 4 65 from 30 1014:1015 arg1 constants 910:918 the binding constants 898:918 the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA 898:945 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 27756641 4 65 from 30 1014:1015 arg1 L·mol-1 999:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 969:1005 Based on the fluorescence quenching effect of tryptophan residues induced by TPSA, the binding constants between α-amylase and TPSA were determined to be 18.6×106, 8.0×106 and 4.6×106 L·mol-1 at 20, 30 and 37°C, respectively. 25955886 2 0 with hexasaccharide 361:374 arg1 loading 389:395 limited loading 381:395 limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 381:519 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 2 1 theme donor 411:415 arg1 loading 389:395 limited loading 381:395 limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 381:519 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 1 2 theme first 78:82 arg1 synthesis 109:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis 74:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 74:165 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 2 3 theme glycosyl 402:409 arg1 equiv 428:432 up to 3.5 equiv 418:432 up to 3.5 equiv 418:432 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 2 3 theme glycosyl 402:409 arg1 donor 411:415 a glycosyl donor 400:415 a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle 400:462 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 1 4 theme automated 84:92 arg1 synthesis 109:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis 74:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 74:165 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 1 5 theme β-directing 200:210 arg1 strategy 228:235 a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy 198:235 a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy 198:235 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 0 6 theme β-1,4-Mannan 60:71 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis 0:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan 0:71 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan. 25955886 1 7 theme solution-phase 94:107 arg1 synthesis 109:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis 74:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 74:165 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 1 8 theme C-5 212:214 arg1 strategy 228:235 a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy 198:235 a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy 198:235 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 0 9 theme Solution-Phase 10:23 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis 0:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan 0:71 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan. 25955886 2 10 theme limited 381:387 arg1 loading 389:395 limited loading 381:395 limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 381:519 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 3 11 theme β-1,4-mannan 568:579 arg1 hexasaccharide 581:594 the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide 564:594 the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide 564:594 After a global reduction of the uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis. 25955886 1 12 theme carboxylate 216:226 arg1 strategy 228:235 a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy 198:235 a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy 198:235 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 0 13 theme Automated 0:8 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis 0:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan 0:71 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan. 25955886 1 14 theme β-1,4-mannuronate 122:138 arg1 oligomers 157:165 β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 122:165 β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 122:165 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 2 15 theme homogeneous 475:485 arg1 condition 511:519 the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 471:519 the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 471:519 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 3 16 theme uronates 554:561 arg1 reduction 537:545 a global reduction 528:545 a global reduction of the uronates 528:561 After a global reduction of the uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis. 25955886 2 17 theme repeated 293:300 arg1 cycles 311:316 repeated reaction cycles 293:316 repeated reaction cycles 293:316 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 2 18 theme glycosylation 444:456 arg1 cycle 458:462 each glycosylation cycle 439:462 each glycosylation cycle 439:462 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 0 19 theme β-1,4-Mannuronate 38:54 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis 0:33 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan 0:71 Automated Solution-Phase Synthesis of β-1,4-Mannuronate and β-1,4-Mannan. 25955886 3 20 theme β-mannan 650:657 arg1 synthesis 659:667 β-mannan synthesis 650:667 β-mannan synthesis 650:667 After a global reduction of the uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis. 25955886 3 21 theme new 634:636 arg1 approach 638:645 a new approach 632:645 a new approach to β-mannan synthesis 632:667 After a global reduction of the uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis. 25955886 1 22 theme β-1,4-mannan 144:155 arg1 oligomers 157:165 β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 122:165 β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 122:165 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 2 23 theme reaction 502:509 arg1 condition 511:519 the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 471:519 the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 471:519 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 1 24 theme oligomers 157:165 arg1 synthesis 109:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis 74:117 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers 74:165 The first automated solution-phase synthesis of β-1,4-mannuronate and β-1,4-mannan oligomers has been accomplished by using a β-directing C-5 carboxylate strategy. 25955886 2 25 dep 3.5 424:426 arg1 to 421:422 to 421:422 to 421:422 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 3 26 theme global 530:535 arg1 reduction 537:545 a global reduction 528:545 a global reduction of the uronates 528:561 After a global reduction of the uronates, the β-1,4-mannan hexasaccharide was obtained, thereby demonstrating a new approach to β-mannan synthesis. 25955886 2 27 dep hexasaccharide 361:374 arg1 up 353:354 up 353:354 up 353:354 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 2 28 theme reaction 302:309 arg1 cycles 311:316 repeated reaction cycles 293:316 repeated reaction cycles 293:316 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25955886 2 29 theme solution-phase 487:500 arg1 condition 511:519 the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 471:519 the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition 471:519 By utilizing fluorous-tag assisting purification after repeated reaction cycles, β-1,4-mannuronate was synthesized up to a hexasaccharide with limited loading of a glycosyl donor (up to 3.5 equiv) for each glycosylation cycle due to the homogeneous solution-phase reaction condition. 25218438 10 0 with eggs 1327:1330 arg1 exception 1341:1349 the exception 1337:1349 the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1337:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 8 1 theme shell 966:970 arg1 components 979:988 shell matrix components 966:988 shell matrix components 966:988 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 10 2 located found 1310:1314 arg2 GAGs 1305:1308 the GAGs 1301:1308 the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1301:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 10 2 located found 1310:1314 arg1 eggs 1327:1330 chicken eggs 1319:1330 chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1319:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 5 3 theme egg 685:687 arg1 components 689:698 all egg components 681:698 all egg components 681:698 The results of these analyses showed that all four families of GAGs were detected in all egg components. 25218438 2 4 theme multicellular 285:297 arg1 animals 299:305 all multicellular animals 281:305 all multicellular animals 281:305 GAGs are also critically important in the developmental biology of all multicellular animals. 25218438 9 5 from components 1181:1190 arg1 trace 1142:1146 a trace 1140:1146 a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1140:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 6 from present 1129:1135 arg1 trace 1142:1146 a trace 1140:1146 a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1140:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 6 7 theme shell 786:790 arg1 matrix 768:773 shell matrix 762:773 shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) 762:822 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 7 theme shell 786:790 arg1 matrix 792:797 calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit 776:821 matrix 792:797 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 9 8 theme egg 1169:1171 arg1 content 1173:1179 egg content 1169:1179 the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1165:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 6 9 dep matrix 792:797 arg1 supernatant 799:809 supernatant 799:809 supernatant 799:809 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 9 10 from matrix 1106:1111 arg1 plentiful 1083:1091 plentiful 1083:1091 plentiful 1083:1091 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 10 11 attach present 1290:1296 arg2 disaccharides 1271:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 10 11 attach present 1290:1296 arg2 Most 1227:1230 Most 1227:1230 Most 1227:1230 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 10 11 attach present 1290:1296 arg1 GAGs 1305:1308 the GAGs 1301:1308 the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1301:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 1 12 theme foods 207:211 arg1 fields 149:154 the fields 145:154 the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods 145:211 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 1 13 contain have 115:118 arg1 GAGs 109:112 GAGs 109:112 GAGs 109:112 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 1 13 contain have 115:118 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 89:106 Glycosaminoglycans 89:106 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 89:113 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 1 13 contain have 115:118 arg2 applications 129:140 numerous applications 120:140 numerous applications 120:140 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 8 14 from quantities 1039:1048 arg1 yolk 1057:1060 the yolk 1053:1060 the yolk 1053:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 9 15 theme thick 1199:1203 arg1 whites 1218:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 8 16 from trace 1030:1034 arg1 yolk 1057:1060 the yolk 1053:1060 the yolk 1053:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 8 16 from trace 1030:1034 arg1 present 1017:1023 present 1017:1023 present 1017:1023 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 11 17 theme diverse 1478:1484 arg1 chondroitin 1486:1496 the most diverse chondroitin 1469:1496 the most diverse chondroitin 1469:1496 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 9 18 theme thin 1209:1212 arg1 whites 1218:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 2 19 theme developmental 256:268 arg1 biology 270:276 the developmental biology 252:276 the developmental biology of all multicellular animals 252:305 GAGs are also critically important in the developmental biology of all multicellular animals. 25218438 10 20 theme chondroitin 1239:1249 arg1 disaccharides 1271:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 yolk 365:368 yolk 365:368 yolk 365:368 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 deposit 467:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 egg 393:395 thin egg white 388:401 thin egg white 388:401 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 supernatant 437:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 membrane 404:411 membrane 404:411 membrane 404:411 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 egg 377:379 thick egg white 371:385 thick egg white 371:385 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 21 theme egg 340:342 arg1 components 344:353 chicken egg components 332:353 chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit 332:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 0 22 theme chicken 75:81 arg1 eggs 83:86 chicken eggs 75:86 chicken eggs 75:86 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 4 23 theme compositional 489:501 arg1 analysis 503:510 Disaccharide compositional analysis 476:510 Disaccharide compositional analysis 476:510 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25218438 10 24 theme sulfate 1378:1384 arg1 exception 1341:1349 the exception 1337:1349 the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1337:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 11 25 contain contained 1459:1467 arg2 sulfate 1510:1516 heparan sulfate 1502:1516 heparan sulfate 1502:1516 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 11 25 contain contained 1459:1467 arg1 HS 1428:1429 HS 1428:1429 HS 1428:1429 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 11 25 contain contained 1459:1467 arg1 CS 1421:1422 CS 1421:1422 CS 1421:1422 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 11 25 contain contained 1459:1467 arg2 chondroitin 1486:1496 the most diverse chondroitin 1469:1496 the most diverse chondroitin 1469:1496 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 11 26 theme shell 1438:1442 arg1 matrix 1444:1449 the shell matrix deposit 1434:1457 the shell matrix deposit 1434:1457 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 12 27 theme GAGs 1590:1593 arg1 source 1580:1585 a potential new source 1564:1585 a potential new source of GAGs 1564:1593 Eggs might provide a potential new source of GAGs. 25218438 9 28 dep matrix 1106:1111 arg1 deposit 1113:1119 deposit 1113:1119 deposit 1113:1119 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 7 29 from plentiful 877:885 arg1 membrane 923:930 membrane 923:930 membrane 923:930 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 7 29 from plentiful 877:885 arg1 components 908:917 shell matrix components 895:917 shell matrix components 895:917 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 3 30 theme shell 424:428 arg1 supernatant 437:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 2 31 from important 239:247 arg1 biology 270:276 the developmental biology 252:276 the developmental biology of all multicellular animals 252:305 GAGs are also critically important in the developmental biology of all multicellular animals. 25218438 8 32 attach present 1017:1023 arg2 Hyaluronan 933:942 Hyaluronan 933:942 Hyaluronan 933:942 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 8 32 attach present 1017:1023 arg1 trace 1030:1034 a trace 1028:1034 a trace of quantities in the yolk 1028:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 0 33 from elucidation 38:48 arg1 eggs 83:86 chicken eggs 75:86 chicken eggs 75:86 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 9 34 theme Heparan 1063:1069 arg1 sulfate 1071:1077 Heparan sulfate 1063:1077 Heparan sulfate 1063:1077 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 0 35 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 analysis 14:21 Compositional analysis 0:21 Compositional analysis 0:21 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 8 36 theme quantities 1039:1048 arg1 trace 1030:1034 a trace 1028:1034 a trace of quantities in the yolk 1028:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 4 37 theme chromatography-mass 562:580 arg1 spectrometry 582:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25218438 6 38 theme Keratan 701:707 arg1 sulfate 709:715 Keratan sulfate 701:715 Keratan sulfate 701:715 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 2 39 from biology 270:276 arg1 important 239:247 important 239:247 important 239:247 GAGs are also critically important in the developmental biology of all multicellular animals. 25218438 10 40 from present 1290:1296 arg1 GAGs 1305:1308 the GAGs 1301:1308 the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1301:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 10 41 from GAGs 1305:1308 arg1 present 1290:1296 present 1290:1296 present 1290:1296 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 9 42 from plentiful 1083:1091 arg1 matrix 1106:1111 the shell matrix deposit 1096:1119 the shell matrix deposit 1096:1119 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 10 43 dep chondroitin 1354:1364 arg1 disaccharides 1401:1413 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1386:1413 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1386:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 9 44 theme shell 1100:1104 arg1 matrix 1106:1111 the shell matrix deposit 1096:1119 the shell matrix deposit 1096:1119 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 0 45 theme glycosaminoglycans 53:70 arg1 analysis 14:21 Compositional analysis 0:21 Compositional analysis 0:21 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 0 45 theme glycosaminoglycans 53:70 arg1 elucidation 38:48 structural elucidation 27:48 structural elucidation 27:48 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 8 46 from components 979:988 arg1 plentiful 948:956 plentiful 948:956 plentiful 948:956 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 4 47 theme high-performance 538:553 arg1 spectrometry 582:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25218438 11 48 theme heparan 1502:1508 arg1 sulfate 1510:1516 heparan sulfate 1502:1516 heparan sulfate 1502:1516 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 10 49 theme heparan 1255:1261 arg1 sulfate 1263:1269 heparan sulfate 1255:1269 heparan sulfate 1255:1269 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 3 50 theme matrix 460:465 arg1 deposit 467:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 5 51 located detected 669:676 arg2 families 647:654 all four families 638:654 all four families of GAGs 638:662 The results of these analyses showed that all four families of GAGs were detected in all egg components. 25218438 5 51 located detected 669:676 arg1 components 689:698 all egg components 681:698 all egg components 681:698 The results of these analyses showed that all four families of GAGs were detected in all egg components. 25218438 7 52 theme shell 895:899 arg1 components 908:917 shell matrix components 895:917 shell matrix components 895:917 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 11 53 dep chondroitin 1486:1496 arg1 compositions 1531:1542 disaccharide compositions 1518:1542 disaccharide compositions 1518:1542 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 8 54 theme matrix 972:977 arg1 components 979:988 shell matrix components 966:988 shell matrix components 966:988 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 8 55 from membrane 994:1001 arg1 plentiful 948:956 plentiful 948:956 plentiful 948:956 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 10 56 theme chicken 1319:1325 arg1 eggs 1327:1330 chicken eggs 1319:1330 chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1319:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 2 57 theme animals 299:305 arg1 biology 270:276 the developmental biology 252:276 the developmental biology of all multicellular animals 252:305 GAGs are also critically important in the developmental biology of all multicellular animals. 25218438 9 58 theme quantities 1151:1160 arg1 trace 1142:1146 a trace 1140:1146 a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1140:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 1 59 theme cosmetics 176:184 arg1 fields 149:154 the fields 145:154 the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods 145:211 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 8 60 located present 1017:1023 arg2 Hyaluronan 933:942 Hyaluronan 933:942 Hyaluronan 933:942 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 8 60 located present 1017:1023 arg1 trace 1030:1034 a trace 1028:1034 a trace of quantities in the yolk 1028:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 5 61 theme GAGs 659:662 arg1 families 647:654 all four families 638:654 all four families of GAGs 638:662 The results of these analyses showed that all four families of GAGs were detected in all egg components. 25218438 6 62 theme calcified 776:784 arg1 matrix 768:773 shell matrix 762:773 shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) 762:822 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 62 theme calcified 776:784 arg1 matrix 792:797 calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit 776:821 matrix 792:797 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 7 63 theme Chondroitin 841:851 arg1 sulfates 853:860 Chondroitin sulfates 841:860 Chondroitin sulfates 841:860 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 1 64 theme nutraceuticals 187:200 arg1 fields 149:154 the fields 145:154 the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods 145:211 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 6 65 located found 721:725 arg1 whites 734:739 egg whites 730:739 egg whites (thick and thin) 730:756 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 65 located found 721:725 arg2 sulfate 709:715 Keratan sulfate 701:715 Keratan sulfate 701:715 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 65 located found 721:725 arg1 matrix 768:773 shell matrix 762:773 shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) 762:822 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 65 located found 721:725 arg1 matrix 792:797 calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit 776:821 matrix 792:797 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 65 located found 721:725 arg1 deposit 815:821 deposit 815:821 deposit 815:821 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 9 66 theme content 1173:1179 arg1 yolk 1193:1196 yolk 1193:1196 yolk 1193:1196 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 66 theme content 1173:1179 arg1 components 1181:1190 the egg content components 1165:1190 the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1165:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 8 67 from present 1017:1023 arg1 trace 1030:1034 a trace 1028:1034 a trace of quantities in the yolk 1028:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 11 68 theme disaccharide 1518:1529 arg1 compositions 1531:1542 disaccharide compositions 1518:1542 disaccharide compositions 1518:1542 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 1 69 theme numerous 120:127 arg1 applications 129:140 numerous applications 120:140 numerous applications 120:140 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 7 70 from membrane 923:930 arg1 plentiful 877:885 plentiful 877:885 plentiful 877:885 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 9 71 located present 1129:1135 arg1 trace 1142:1146 a trace 1140:1146 a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1140:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 71 located present 1129:1135 arg2 sulfate 1071:1077 Heparan sulfate 1063:1077 Heparan sulfate 1063:1077 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 72 theme egg 1214:1216 arg1 whites 1218:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 8 73 from yolk 1057:1060 arg1 trace 1030:1034 a trace 1028:1034 a trace of quantities in the yolk 1028:1060 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 9 74 from quantities 1151:1160 arg1 yolk 1193:1196 yolk 1193:1196 yolk 1193:1196 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 74 from quantities 1151:1160 arg1 components 1181:1190 the egg content components 1165:1190 the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1165:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 12 75 theme potential 1566:1574 arg1 source 1580:1585 a potential new source 1564:1585 a potential new source of GAGs 1564:1593 Eggs might provide a potential new source of GAGs. 25218438 1 76 theme pharmaceuticals 159:173 arg1 fields 149:154 the fields 145:154 the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods 145:211 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have numerous applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and foods. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 yolk 365:368 yolk 365:368 yolk 365:368 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 deposit 467:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 egg 393:395 thin egg white 388:401 thin egg white 388:401 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 supernatant 437:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 membrane 404:411 membrane 404:411 membrane 404:411 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 egg 377:379 thick egg white 371:385 thick egg white 371:385 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 77 theme chicken 332:338 arg1 components 344:353 chicken egg components 332:353 chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit 332:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 0 78 from analysis 14:21 arg1 eggs 83:86 chicken eggs 75:86 chicken eggs 75:86 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 10 79 theme heparan 1370:1376 arg1 sulfate 1378:1384 heparan sulfate 1370:1384 heparan sulfate 1370:1384 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 9 80 from trace 1142:1146 arg1 yolk 1193:1196 yolk 1193:1196 yolk 1193:1196 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 80 from trace 1142:1146 arg1 components 1181:1190 the egg content components 1165:1190 the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1165:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 80 from trace 1142:1146 arg1 present 1129:1135 present 1129:1135 present 1129:1135 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 3 81 theme thick 371:375 arg1 egg 377:379 thick egg white 371:385 thick egg white 371:385 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 10 82 theme chondroitin 1354:1364 arg1 exception 1341:1349 the exception 1337:1349 the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1337:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 6 83 theme egg 730:732 arg1 whites 734:739 egg whites 730:739 egg whites (thick and thin) 730:756 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 4 84 theme Disaccharide 476:487 arg1 analysis 503:510 Disaccharide compositional analysis 476:510 Disaccharide compositional analysis 476:510 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25218438 3 85 theme matrix 430:435 arg1 supernatant 437:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 11 86 from CS 1421:1422 arg1 matrix 1444:1449 the shell matrix deposit 1434:1457 the shell matrix deposit 1434:1457 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 3 87 theme thin 388:391 arg1 egg 393:395 thin egg white 388:401 thin egg white 388:401 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 yolk 365:368 yolk 365:368 yolk 365:368 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg2 GAGs 308:311 GAGs 308:311 GAGs 308:311 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 deposit 467:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 egg 393:395 thin egg white 388:401 thin egg white 388:401 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 supernatant 437:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 membrane 404:411 membrane 404:411 membrane 404:411 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 egg 377:379 thick egg white 371:385 thick egg white 371:385 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 3 88 attach isolated 318:325 arg1 components 344:353 chicken egg components 332:353 chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit 332:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 10 89 theme 2,6-disulfated 1386:1399 arg1 disaccharides 1401:1413 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1386:1413 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1386:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 11 90 dep matrix 1444:1449 arg1 deposit 1451:1457 deposit 1451:1457 deposit 1451:1457 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 3 91 theme calcified 414:422 arg1 supernatant 437:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 calcified shell matrix supernatant 414:447 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 0 92 theme structural 27:36 arg1 elucidation 38:48 structural elucidation 27:48 structural elucidation 27:48 Compositional analysis and structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans in chicken eggs. 25218438 5 93 theme analyses 617:624 arg1 results 600:606 The results 596:606 The results of these analyses 596:624 The results of these analyses showed that all four families of GAGs were detected in all egg components. 25218438 11 94 from HS 1428:1429 arg1 matrix 1444:1449 the shell matrix deposit 1434:1457 the shell matrix deposit 1434:1457 Both CS and HS in the shell matrix deposit contained the most diverse chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharide compositions. 25218438 12 95 theme new 1576:1578 arg1 source 1580:1585 a potential new source 1564:1585 a potential new source of GAGs 1564:1593 Eggs might provide a potential new source of GAGs. 25218438 3 96 theme white 381:385 arg1 egg 377:379 thick egg white 371:385 thick egg white 371:385 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 10 97 located present 1290:1296 arg2 disaccharides 1271:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 10 97 located present 1290:1296 arg2 Most 1227:1230 Most 1227:1230 Most 1227:1230 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 10 97 located present 1290:1296 arg1 GAGs 1305:1308 the GAGs 1301:1308 the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides 1301:1413 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 7 98 from components 908:917 arg1 plentiful 877:885 plentiful 877:885 plentiful 877:885 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 3 99 theme shell 454:458 arg1 deposit 467:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 shell matrix deposit 454:473 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 8 100 from plentiful 948:956 arg1 components 979:988 shell matrix components 966:988 shell matrix components 966:988 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 8 100 from plentiful 948:956 arg1 membrane 994:1001 membrane 994:1001 membrane 994:1001 Hyaluronan was plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane, but was only present in a trace of quantities in the yolk. 25218438 4 101 theme ultra 532:536 arg1 spectrometry 582:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25218438 6 102 theme shell 762:766 arg1 matrix 768:773 shell matrix 762:773 shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) 762:822 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 102 theme shell 762:766 arg1 matrix 792:797 calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit 776:821 matrix 792:797 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 102 theme shell 762:766 arg1 deposit 815:821 deposit 815:821 deposit 815:821 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 3 103 theme white 397:401 arg1 egg 393:395 thin egg white 388:401 thin egg white 388:401 GAGs were isolated from chicken egg components including yolk, thick egg white, thin egg white, membrane, calcified shell matrix supernatant, and shell matrix deposit. 25218438 4 104 theme liquid 555:560 arg1 spectrometry 582:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 532:593 Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 25218438 10 105 theme sulfate 1263:1269 arg1 disaccharides 1271:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides 1235:1283 Most of the chondroitin and heparan sulfate disaccharides were present in the GAGs found in chicken eggs with the exception of chondroitin and heparan sulfate 2,6-disulfated disaccharides. 25218438 7 106 theme matrix 901:906 arg1 components 908:917 shell matrix components 895:917 shell matrix components 895:917 Chondroitin sulfates were much more plentiful in both shell matrix components and membrane. 25218438 9 107 attach present 1129:1135 arg2 sulfate 1071:1077 Heparan sulfate 1063:1077 Heparan sulfate 1063:1077 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 9 107 attach present 1129:1135 arg1 trace 1142:1146 a trace 1140:1146 a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites) 1140:1224 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 25218438 6 108 theme high 829:832 arg1 level 834:838 high level 829:838 high level 829:838 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 109 dep whites 734:739 arg1 thick 742:746 thick 742:746 thick 742:746 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 6 109 dep whites 734:739 arg1 thin 752:755 thin 752:755 thin 752:755 Keratan sulfate was found in egg whites (thick and thin) and shell matrix (calcified shell matrix supernatant and deposit) with high level. 25218438 9 110 dep yolk 1193:1196 arg1 whites 1218:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 thick and thin egg whites 1199:1223 Heparan sulfate was plentiful in the shell matrix deposit but was present in a trace of quantities in the egg content components (yolk, thick and thin egg whites). 27650976 3 0 theme ultrasonic 657:666 arg1 treatment 668:676 ultrasonic treatment 657:676 ultrasonic treatment 657:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 7 1 theme intrinsic 1137:1145 arg1 1550-473 mL/g 1158:1170 1550-473 mL/g 1158:1170 1550-473 mL/g 1158:1170 The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. 27650976 7 1 theme intrinsic 1137:1145 arg1 viscosity 1147:1155 intrinsic viscosity 1137:1155 intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g) 1137:1171 The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. 27650976 1 2 theme free 238:241 arg1 scavenging 251:260 free radical scavenging 238:260 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 9 3 theme LWMHA 1335:1339 arg1 1.43 1345:1348 1.43 1345:1348 1.43 1345:1348 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. 27650976 9 3 theme LWMHA 1335:1339 arg1 value 1319:1323 The IC50 value 1310:1323 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA 1310:1339 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. 27650976 2 4 theme hyaluronic 347:356 arg1 acid 358:361 hyaluronic acid 347:361 hyaluronic acid (HA) 347:366 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 2 4 theme hyaluronic 347:356 arg1 HA 364:365 HA 364:365 HA 364:365 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 2 5 theme antiglycation 490:502 arg1 activities 504:513 their antioxidant and antiglycation activities 468:513 their antioxidant and antiglycation activities 468:513 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 11 6 theme chemical 1642:1649 arg1 structure 1651:1659 the chemical structure 1638:1659 the chemical structure of HA after degradation 1638:1683 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 3 7 theme effect 647:652 arg1 comparison 629:638 comparison 629:638 comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment 629:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 1 8 dep Recently 133:140 arg1 CONTENT 125:131 CONTENT 125:131 CONTENT 125:131 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 10 9 theme significant 1467:1477 arg1 effects 1490:1496 significant inhibitory effects 1467:1496 significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA 1467:1526 Likewise LMWHA exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA. 27650976 1 10 theme scavenging 251:260 arg1 activities 262:271 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 0 11 theme antioxidant 83:93 arg1 activities 113:122 antioxidant and antiglycation activities 83:122 antioxidant and antiglycation activities 83:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 8 12 theme FTIR 1231:1234 arg1 spectra 1243:1249 The FTIR and UV spectra 1227:1249 spectra 1243:1249 The FTIR and UV spectra did not significantly change before and after degradation. 27650976 5 13 dep assays 859:864 arg1 TBARS 880:884 TBARS 880:884 TBARS 880:884 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 5 13 dep assays 859:864 arg1 NO 873:874 NO 873:874 NO 873:874 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 5 13 dep assays 859:864 arg1 DPPH 867:870 DPPH 867:870 DPPH 867:870 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 5 13 dep assays 859:864 arg1 assays 859:864 three analytical assays 842:864 three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS) 842:885 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 10 14 theme AGEs 1505:1508 arg1 formation 1510:1518 the AGEs formation 1501:1518 the AGEs formation than HA 1501:1526 Likewise LMWHA exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA. 27650976 11 15 theme antioxidant 1770:1780 arg1 activity 1800:1807 the antioxidant and antiglycation activity 1766:1807 the antioxidant and antiglycation activity 1766:1807 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 0 16 theme antiglycation 99:111 arg1 activities 113:122 antioxidant and antiglycation activities 83:122 antioxidant and antiglycation activities 83:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 3 17 theme treatment 668:676 arg1 effect 647:652 the effect 643:652 the effect of ultrasonic treatment 643:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 8 18 theme UV 1240:1241 arg1 spectra 1243:1249 The FTIR and UV spectra 1227:1249 spectra 1243:1249 The FTIR and UV spectra did not significantly change before and after degradation. 27650976 4 19 dep Fourier 756:762 arg1 transform 764:772 transform 764:772 transform infrared spectra (FTIR) 764:796 The effects on the structure were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). 27650976 3 20 theme METHODS 530:536 arg1 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 20 theme METHODS 530:536 arg1 weight 548:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight 516:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) 516:558 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 20 theme METHODS 530:536 arg1 content 568:574 the content 564:574 the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) 564:600 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 20 theme METHODS 530:536 arg1 index 619:623 the index 615:623 the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment 615:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 4 21 theme UV 740:741 arg1 spectra 744:750 ultraviolet (UV) spectra 727:750 ultraviolet (UV) spectra 727:750 The effects on the structure were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). 27650976 2 22 theme ultrasonic 426:435 arg1 degradation 437:447 ultrasonic degradation 426:447 ultrasonic degradation 426:447 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 10 23 from effects 1490:1496 arg1 formation 1510:1518 the AGEs formation 1501:1518 the AGEs formation than HA 1501:1526 Likewise LMWHA exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA. 27650976 7 24 dep decreases 1101:1109 arg1 indicate 1180:1187 indicate 1180:1187 indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds 1180:1224 The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. 27650976 7 25 theme glycosidic 1209:1218 arg1 bonds 1220:1224 the glycosidic bonds 1205:1224 the glycosidic bonds 1205:1224 The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. 27650976 7 26 theme ultrasonic 1078:1087 arg1 irradiation 1089:1099 ultrasonic irradiation 1078:1099 ultrasonic irradiation 1078:1099 The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. 27650976 3 27 used used 607:610 arg2 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 27 used used 607:610 arg2 weight 548:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight 516:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) 516:558 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 27 used used 607:610 arg2 index 619:623 the index 615:623 the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment 615:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 27 used used 607:610 arg2 content 568:574 the content 564:574 the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) 564:600 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 9 28 theme IC50 1314:1317 arg1 1.43 1345:1348 1.43 1345:1348 1.43 1345:1348 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. 27650976 9 28 theme IC50 1314:1317 arg1 value 1319:1323 The IC50 value 1310:1323 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA 1310:1339 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. 27650976 5 29 theme inhibitory 896:905 arg1 effect 907:912 the inhibitory effect 892:912 the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA 892:933 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 0 30 theme degradation 21:31 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 0:123 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 1 31 theme antioxidant 274:284 arg1 activities 286:295 antioxidant activities 274:295 antioxidant activities 274:295 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 6 32 theme GlcA 966:969 arg1 content 971:977 The GlcA content 962:977 The GlcA content of HA 962:983 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 6 32 theme GlcA 966:969 arg1 RESULTS 954:960 RESULTS 954:960 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA 954:993 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 0 33 theme ultrasonic 10:19 arg1 degradation 21:31 ultrasonic degradation 10:31 ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities 10:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 5 34 theme analytical 848:857 arg1 NO 873:874 NO 873:874 NO 873:874 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 5 34 theme analytical 848:857 arg1 DPPH 867:870 DPPH 867:870 DPPH 867:870 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 5 34 theme analytical 848:857 arg1 assays 859:864 three analytical assays 842:864 three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS) 842:885 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 11 35 theme antiglycation 1786:1798 arg1 activity 1800:1807 the antioxidant and antiglycation activity 1766:1807 the antioxidant and antiglycation activity 1766:1807 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 0 36 theme hyaluronic 36:45 arg1 acid 47:50 hyaluronic acid 36:50 hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities 36:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 11 37 theme HA 1664:1665 arg1 structure 1651:1659 the chemical structure 1638:1659 the chemical structure of HA after degradation 1638:1683 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 0 38 from comb 75:78 arg1 activities 113:122 antioxidant and antiglycation activities 83:122 antioxidant and antiglycation activities 83:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 6 39 theme HA 982:983 arg1 content 971:977 The GlcA content 962:977 The GlcA content of HA 962:983 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 6 39 theme HA 982:983 arg1 LMWHA 989:993 LMWHA 989:993 LMWHA 989:993 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 6 39 theme HA 982:983 arg1 RESULTS 954:960 RESULTS 954:960 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA 954:993 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 4 40 dep transform 764:772 arg1 infrared 774:781 infrared 774:781 transform infrared spectra (FTIR) 764:796 The effects on the structure were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). 27650976 1 41 theme dietary 301:307 arg1 supplements 309:319 dietary supplements 301:319 dietary supplements 301:319 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 42 theme radical 243:249 arg1 scavenging 251:260 free radical scavenging 238:260 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 3 43 theme glucuronic 579:588 arg1 GlcA 596:599 GlcA 596:599 GlcA 596:599 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 43 theme glucuronic 579:588 arg1 acid 590:593 glucuronic acid 579:593 glucuronic acid (GlcA) 579:600 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 2 44 theme rooster 387:393 arg1 comb 395:398 rooster comb 387:398 rooster comb 387:398 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 10 45 theme inhibitory 1479:1488 arg1 effects 1490:1496 significant inhibitory effects 1467:1496 significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA 1467:1526 Likewise LMWHA exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the AGEs formation than HA. 27650976 9 46 theme HA 1328:1329 arg1 1.43 1345:1348 1.43 1345:1348 1.43 1345:1348 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. 27650976 9 46 theme HA 1328:1329 arg1 value 1319:1323 The IC50 value 1310:1323 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA 1310:1339 The IC50 value of HA and LWMHA was 1.43, 0.76 and 0.36 mg/mL and 1.20, 0.89 and 0.17 mg/mL toward DPPH, NO and TBARS, respectively. 27650976 6 47 dep RESULTS 954:960 arg1 content 971:977 The GlcA content 962:977 The GlcA content of HA 962:983 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 6 47 dep RESULTS 954:960 arg1 LMWHA 989:993 LMWHA 989:993 LMWHA 989:993 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 6 47 dep RESULTS 954:960 arg1 RESULTS 954:960 RESULTS 954:960 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA 954:993 RESULTS The GlcA content of HA and LMWHA was estimated at about 48.6% and 47.3%, respectively. 27650976 0 48 theme acid 47:50 arg1 degradation 21:31 ultrasonic degradation 10:31 ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities 10:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 7 49 theme bonds 1220:1224 arg1 cleavage 1193:1200 the cleavage 1189:1200 the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds 1189:1224 The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation decreases the Mw (1090-181 kDa) and intrinsic viscosity (1550-473 mL/g), which indicate the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds. 27650976 11 50 theme ultrasonic 1589:1598 arg1 irradiation 1600:1610 the ultrasonic irradiation 1585:1610 the ultrasonic irradiation 1585:1610 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 4 51 from effects 683:689 arg1 structure 698:706 the structure 694:706 the structure 694:706 The effects on the structure were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). 27650976 1 52 contain have 209:212 arg2 activities 286:295 antioxidant activities 274:295 antioxidant activities 274:295 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 52 contain have 209:212 arg2 activities 262:271 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 52 contain have 209:212 arg2 supplements 309:319 dietary supplements 301:319 dietary supplements 301:319 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 52 contain have 209:212 arg1 acid 175:178 low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid 143:178 low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) 143:186 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 52 contain have 209:212 arg2 features 220:227 novel features 214:227 novel features 214:227 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 52 contain have 209:212 arg1 LMWHA 181:185 LMWHA 181:185 LMWHA 181:185 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 11 53 theme LMWHA 1730:1734 arg1 viscosity 1717:1725 viscosity 1717:1725 viscosity 1717:1725 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 11 53 theme LMWHA 1730:1734 arg1 Mw 1710:1711 Mw 1710:1711 Mw 1710:1711 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 2 54 dep OBJECTIVE 322:330 arg1 extracted 372:380 extracted 372:380 was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA 368:408 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 11 55 dep CONCLUSION 1544:1553 arg1 demonstrated 1567:1578 demonstrated 1567:1578 demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation 1567:1683 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 27650976 4 56 theme ultraviolet 727:737 arg1 spectra 744:750 ultraviolet (UV) spectra 727:750 ultraviolet (UV) spectra 727:750 The effects on the structure were determined by ultraviolet (UV) spectra and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). 27650976 3 57 theme Molecular 538:546 arg1 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 57 theme Molecular 538:546 arg1 weight 548:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight 516:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) 516:558 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 57 theme Molecular 538:546 arg1 content 568:574 the content 564:574 the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) 564:600 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 57 theme Molecular 538:546 arg1 index 619:623 the index 615:623 the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment 615:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 58 theme MATERIALS 516:524 arg1 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 58 theme MATERIALS 516:524 arg1 weight 548:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight 516:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) 516:558 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 58 theme MATERIALS 516:524 arg1 content 568:574 the content 564:574 the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) 564:600 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 58 theme MATERIALS 516:524 arg1 index 619:623 the index 615:623 the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment 615:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 0 59 theme rooster 67:73 arg1 comb 75:78 rooster comb 67:78 rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities 67:122 Effect of ultrasonic degradation of hyaluronic acid extracted from rooster comb on antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 1 60 theme novel 214:218 arg1 activities 286:295 antioxidant activities 274:295 antioxidant activities 274:295 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 60 theme novel 214:218 arg1 supplements 309:319 dietary supplements 301:319 dietary supplements 301:319 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 60 theme novel 214:218 arg1 features 220:227 novel features 214:227 novel features 214:227 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 60 theme novel 214:218 arg1 activities 262:271 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 free radical scavenging activities 238:271 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 3 61 theme acid 590:593 arg1 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 Mw 556:557 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 61 theme acid 590:593 arg1 weight 548:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight 516:553 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) 516:558 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 61 theme acid 590:593 arg1 content 568:574 the content 564:574 the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) 564:600 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 3 61 theme acid 590:593 arg1 index 619:623 the index 615:623 the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment 615:676 MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular weight (Mw) and the content of glucuronic acid (GlcA) were used as the index for comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment. 27650976 1 62 theme low-molecular-weight 143:162 arg1 LMWHA 181:185 LMWHA 181:185 LMWHA 181:185 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 62 theme low-molecular-weight 143:162 arg1 acid 175:178 low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid 143:178 low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) 143:186 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 5 63 theme antioxidant 803:813 arg1 activity 815:822 The antioxidant activity 799:822 The antioxidant activity 799:822 The antioxidant activity was determined by three analytical assays (DPPH, NO and TBARS), and the inhibitory effect against glycated-BSA was also assessed. 27650976 2 64 theme antioxidant 474:484 arg1 activities 504:513 their antioxidant and antiglycation activities 468:513 their antioxidant and antiglycation activities 468:513 OBJECTIVE In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was extracted from rooster comb and LMWHA was obtained by ultrasonic degradation in order to assess their antioxidant and antiglycation activities. 27650976 1 65 theme hyaluronic 164:173 arg1 LMWHA 181:185 LMWHA 181:185 LMWHA 181:185 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 1 65 theme hyaluronic 164:173 arg1 acid 175:178 low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid 143:178 low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) 143:186 CONTENT Recently, low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) has been reported to have novel features, such as free radical scavenging activities, antioxidant activities and dietary supplements. 27650976 11 66 dep demonstrated 1567:1578 arg1 decreasing 1699:1708 decreasing 1699:1708 decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation 1699:1752 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the ultrasonic irradiation did not damage and change the chemical structure of HA after degradation; furthermore, decreasing Mw and viscosity of LMWHA after degradation may enhance the antioxidant and antiglycation activity. 26769515 5 0 theme Mw 859:860 arg1 oligomers 862:870 low Mw oligomers 855:870 low Mw oligomers 855:870 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 6 1 theme residues 1048:1055 arg1 fermentation 997:1008 fermentation 997:1008 fermentation 997:1008 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 6 1 theme residues 1048:1055 arg1 saccharification 976:991 Simultaneous saccharification 963:991 Simultaneous saccharification 963:991 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 7 2 theme digested 1227:1234 arg1 biomass 1236:1242 the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1192:1242 the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1192:1242 This is discussed in relation to the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass. 26769515 5 3 from extractable 784:794 arg1 alkali 799:804 alkali 799:804 alkali 799:804 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 2 4 theme enzyme 391:396 arg1 hydrolysis 398:407 enzyme hydrolysis 391:407 enzyme hydrolysis 391:407 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 4 5 theme acid 647:650 arg1 phenolics 652:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 4 5 theme acid 647:650 arg1 sugars 693:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 5 6 theme oligomers 862:870 arg1 presence 843:850 the presence 839:850 the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 839:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 6 7 theme enzyme-digested 1032:1046 arg1 residues 1048:1055 the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues 1013:1055 the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues 1013:1055 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 5 8 theme non-cellulosic 730:743 arg1 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 5 8 theme non-cellulosic 730:743 arg1 polysaccharides 745:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 2 9 from effects 342:348 arg1 properties 435:444 properties 435:444 properties 435:444 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 2 9 from effects 342:348 arg1 extractability 416:429 extractability 416:429 extractability 416:429 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 4 10 theme di-ferulic 636:645 arg1 phenolics 652:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 4 10 theme di-ferulic 636:645 arg1 sugars 693:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 0 11 theme recalcitrance 105:117 arg1 evaluation 91:100 An evaluation 88:100 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 0:118 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 6 12 theme pretreated 1017:1026 arg1 residues 1048:1055 the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues 1013:1055 the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues 1013:1055 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 6 13 theme % 1108:1108 arg1 yields 1090:1095 ethanol yields 1082:1095 ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical 1082:1127 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 4 14 theme phenolics 652:660 arg1 loss 614:617 a considerable loss 599:617 a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 599:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 5 15 theme hemicelluloses 933:946 arg1 hydrolysis 919:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis 900:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 900:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 3 16 theme undigested 510:519 arg1 residue 521:527 the undigested residue 506:527 the undigested residue 506:527 The results show that the undigested residue had lost much of its archestructure. 26769515 5 17 from alkali 799:804 arg1 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 5 17 from alkali 799:804 arg1 polysaccharides 745:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 6 18 theme theoretical 1117:1127 arg1 % 1108:1108 up to 99% 1100:1108 up to 99% of the theoretical 1100:1127 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 6 18 theme theoretical 1117:1127 arg1 theoretical 1117:1127 theoretical 1117:1127 theoretical 1117:1127 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 5 19 theme partial 904:910 arg1 hydrolysis 919:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis 900:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 900:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 1 20 theme cell 183:186 arg1 constituents 193:204 cell wall constituents 183:204 cell wall constituents 183:204 There is great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues. 26769515 5 21 theme remaining 705:713 arg1 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 5 21 theme remaining 705:713 arg1 polysaccharides 745:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 1 22 theme wall 188:191 arg1 constituents 193:204 cell wall constituents 183:204 cell wall constituents 183:204 There is great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues. 26769515 0 23 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 0:118 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 5 24 theme cellulosic 715:724 arg1 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 extractable 784:794 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 5 24 theme cellulosic 715:724 arg1 polysaccharides 745:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides 701:759 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 7 25 theme original 1196:1203 arg1 biomass 1236:1242 the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1192:1242 the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1192:1242 This is discussed in relation to the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass. 26769515 7 26 theme biomass 1236:1242 arg1 nature 1182:1187 the "recalcitrant" nature 1163:1187 the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1163:1242 This is discussed in relation to the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass. 26769515 5 27 theme enzyme 912:917 arg1 hydrolysis 919:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis 900:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 900:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 1 28 theme residues 309:316 arg1 recalcitrance 288:300 recalcitrance 288:300 recalcitrance of the residues 288:316 There is great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues. 26769515 7 29 theme " 1180:1180 arg1 nature 1182:1187 the "recalcitrant" nature 1163:1187 the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1163:1242 This is discussed in relation to the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass. 26769515 2 30 theme straw 468:472 arg1 polymers 474:481 recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 449:481 recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 449:481 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 2 31 theme polymers 474:481 arg1 properties 435:444 properties 435:444 properties 435:444 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 2 31 theme polymers 474:481 arg1 extractability 416:429 extractability 416:429 extractability 416:429 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 4 32 theme cross-linking 622:634 arg1 phenolics 652:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 4 32 theme cross-linking 622:634 arg1 sugars 693:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 2 33 theme wheat 462:466 arg1 polymers 474:481 recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 449:481 recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 449:481 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 2 34 theme pretreatment 366:377 arg1 effects 342:348 the effects 338:348 the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 338:481 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 5 35 from presence 843:850 arg1 fractions 879:887 the fractions 875:887 the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 875:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 2 36 theme recalcitrant 449:460 arg1 polymers 474:481 recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 449:481 recalcitrant wheat straw polymers 449:481 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 0 37 theme pretreated 44:53 arg1 straw 81:85 hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw 29:85 hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw 29:85 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 5 38 theme molecular 810:818 arg1 profiling 820:828 molecular profiling 810:828 molecular profiling 810:828 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 6 39 theme Simultaneous 963:974 arg1 saccharification 976:991 Simultaneous saccharification 963:991 Simultaneous saccharification 963:991 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 1 40 theme pretreated 233:242 arg1 lignocellulose 244:257 pretreated lignocellulose 233:257 pretreated lignocellulose 233:257 There is great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues. 26769515 0 41 theme wheat 75:79 arg1 straw 81:85 hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw 29:85 hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw 29:85 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 4 42 theme Compositional 566:578 arg1 analysis 580:587 Compositional analysis 566:587 Compositional analysis 566:587 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 4 43 theme considerable 601:612 arg1 loss 614:617 a considerable loss 599:617 a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 599:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 7 44 theme recalcitrant 1168:1179 arg1 nature 1182:1187 the "recalcitrant" nature 1163:1187 the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1163:1242 This is discussed in relation to the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass. 26769515 0 45 theme enzyme-digested 59:73 arg1 straw 81:85 hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw 29:85 hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw 29:85 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 7 46 theme pretreated 1205:1214 arg1 biomass 1236:1242 the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1192:1242 the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass 1192:1242 This is discussed in relation to the "recalcitrant" nature of the original pretreated and enzyme digested biomass. 26769515 1 47 theme great 129:133 arg1 interest 135:142 great interest 129:142 great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues 129:316 There is great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues. 26769515 2 48 dep extractability 416:429 arg1 the 412:414 the 412:414 the 412:414 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 5 49 theme low 855:857 arg1 oligomers 862:870 low Mw oligomers 855:870 low Mw oligomers 855:870 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 2 50 theme hydrothermal 353:364 arg1 pretreatment 366:377 hydrothermal pretreatment 353:377 hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis 353:407 This paper reports the effects of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis on the extractability and properties of recalcitrant wheat straw polymers. 26769515 1 51 theme lignocellulose 244:257 arg1 saccharification 213:228 saccharification 213:228 saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose 213:257 There is great interest in understanding changes that occur to cell wall constituents during saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose, particularly in relation to recalcitrance of the residues. 26769515 6 52 dep 99 1106:1107 arg1 to 1103:1104 to 1103:1104 to 1103:1104 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 4 53 theme hemicellulosic 663:676 arg1 phenolics 652:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 4 53 theme hemicellulosic 663:676 arg1 sugars 693:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 5 54 theme cellulose 952:960 arg1 hydrolysis 919:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis 900:928 the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 900:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 0 55 dep characterization 9:24 arg1 evaluation 91:100 An evaluation 88:100 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 0:118 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 0 56 theme straw 81:85 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 0:118 Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. 26769515 5 57 attach presence 843:850 arg2 oligomers 862:870 low Mw oligomers 855:870 low Mw oligomers 855:870 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 5 57 attach presence 843:850 arg1 fractions 879:887 the fractions 875:887 the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose 875:960 The remaining cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides were much more readily extractable in alkali and molecular profiling revealed the presence of low Mw oligomers in the fractions suggesting the partial enzyme hydrolysis of hemicelluloses and cellulose. 26769515 6 58 theme ethanol 1082:1088 arg1 yields 1090:1095 ethanol yields 1082:1095 ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical 1082:1127 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the pretreated and enzyme-digested residues surprisingly resulted in ethanol yields of up to 99% of the theoretical. 26769515 4 59 theme cellulosic 682:691 arg1 phenolics 652:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics 622:660 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 26769515 4 59 theme cellulosic 682:691 arg1 sugars 693:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars 663:698 Compositional analysis portrayed a considerable loss of cross-linking di-ferulic acid phenolics, hemicellulosic and cellulosic sugars. 28861711 4 0 dep recovery 707:714 arg1 DM 751:752 80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM 717:752 DM 751:752 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 0 1 theme Polysaccharides 86:100 arg1 Properties 30:39 Physicochemical Properties 14:39 Physicochemical Properties 14:39 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 0 1 theme Polysaccharides 86:100 arg1 Efficiency 59:68 Bioconversion Efficiency 45:68 Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 45:148 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 2 2 dep macroalgae 417:426 arg1 Ulva 428:431 Ulva 428:431 Ulva 428:431 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 8 3 theme biorefinery 1409:1419 arg1 process 1421:1427 a biorefinery process 1407:1427 a biorefinery process 1407:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 1 4 theme undervalued 188:198 arg1 macroalgae 157:166 Green macroalgae 151:166 Green macroalgae 151:166 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 1 4 theme undervalued 188:198 arg1 biomass 200:206 an abundant and undervalued biomass 172:206 an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure 172:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 0 5 theme Biomass 118:124 arg1 Techniques 139:148 Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 108:148 Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 108:148 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 0 6 from Variations 0:9 arg1 Properties 30:39 Physicochemical Properties 14:39 Physicochemical Properties 14:39 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 0 6 from Variations 0:9 arg1 Efficiency 59:68 Bioconversion Efficiency 45:68 Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 45:148 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 3 7 from effects 475:481 arg1 crystallinity 516:528 biomass crystallinity 508:528 biomass crystallinity 508:528 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 3 7 from effects 475:481 arg1 composition 495:505 chemical composition 486:505 chemical composition 486:505 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 3 7 from effects 475:481 arg1 potential 580:588 theoretical ethanol potential 560:588 theoretical ethanol potential 560:588 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 3 7 from effects 475:481 arg1 digestibility 541:553 enzymatic digestibility 531:553 enzymatic digestibility 531:553 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 3 8 theme biomass 508:514 arg1 crystallinity 516:528 biomass crystallinity 508:528 biomass crystallinity 508:528 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 4 9 theme 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g 732:749 arg1 DM 751:752 80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM 717:752 DM 751:752 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 0 10 theme Different 108:116 arg1 Techniques 139:148 Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 108:148 Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 108:148 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 6 11 theme whole 1161:1165 arg1 crystallinity 1167:1179 the whole crystallinity 1157:1179 the whole crystallinity 1157:1179 It was found that the employed pretreatments did not significantly affect the cellulose crystallinity; however, they both increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility. 28861711 5 12 theme microscopy 933:942 arg1 results 944:950 both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results 879:950 both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses 879:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 5 13 theme significant 965:975 arg1 changes 988:994 significant structural changes 965:994 significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses 965:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 4 14 theme chemical 608:615 arg1 analysis 629:636 The chemical composition analysis 604:636 The chemical composition analysis 604:636 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 6 15 theme enzymatic 1189:1197 arg1 digestibility 1199:1211 the enzymatic digestibility 1185:1211 the enzymatic digestibility 1185:1211 It was found that the employed pretreatments did not significantly affect the cellulose crystallinity; however, they both increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility. 28861711 0 16 theme Pretreatment 126:137 arg1 Techniques 139:148 Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 108:148 Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 108:148 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 8 17 theme efficiency 1296:1305 arg1 saccharification 1307:1322 high efficiency saccharification 1291:1322 high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process 1291:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 2 18 theme ethanol 294:300 arg1 pretreatments 272:284 different pretreatments 262:284 different pretreatments 262:284 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 18 theme ethanol 294:300 arg1 Org 314:316 Org 314:316 Org 314:316 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 18 theme ethanol 294:300 arg1 organosolv 302:311 ethanol organosolv 294:311 ethanol organosolv (Org) 294:317 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 4 19 dep ulvan 774:778 arg1 removal 832:838 removal 832:838 removal 832:838 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 2 20 theme green 411:415 arg1 biomass 441:447 the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass 407:447 the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass 407:447 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 3 21 theme chemical 486:493 arg1 composition 495:505 chemical composition 486:505 chemical composition 486:505 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 6 22 dep affect 1092:1097 arg1 increased 1147:1155 increased 1147:1155 increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility 1147:1211 It was found that the employed pretreatments did not significantly affect the cellulose crystallinity; however, they both increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility. 28861711 5 23 theme thermogravimetric 884:900 arg1 analysis 902:909 thermogravimetric analysis 884:909 thermogravimetric analysis 884:909 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 2 24 theme liquid 364:369 arg1 pretreatments 376:388 ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments 358:388 ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments 358:388 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 24 theme liquid 364:369 arg1 IL 372:373 IL 372:373 IL 372:373 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 4 25 theme 55.0 816:819 arg1 % 829:829 55.0 and 42.3% 816:829 % 829:829 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 4 25 theme 55.0 816:819 arg1 hemicellulose 801:813 hemicellulose 801:813 hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) 801:830 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 4 26 theme 80.8 ± 3.6 717:726 arg1 DM 751:752 80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM 717:752 DM 751:752 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 2 27 theme ionic 358:362 arg1 pretreatments 376:388 ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments 358:388 ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments 358:388 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 27 theme ionic 358:362 arg1 IL 372:373 IL 372:373 IL 372:373 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 8 28 theme process 1421:1427 arg1 implementation 1389:1402 the implementation 1385:1402 the implementation of a biorefinery process 1385:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 5 29 theme biomasses 1014:1022 arg1 changes 988:994 significant structural changes 965:994 significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses 965:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 4 30 theme 42.3 825:828 arg1 % 829:829 55.0 and 42.3% 816:829 % 829:829 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 4 30 theme 42.3 825:828 arg1 hemicellulose 801:813 hemicellulose 801:813 hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) 801:830 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 1 31 theme cell 224:227 arg1 structure 234:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 0 32 theme Physicochemical 14:28 arg1 Properties 30:39 Physicochemical Properties 14:39 Physicochemical Properties 14:39 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 5 33 theme analysis 902:909 arg1 results 944:950 both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results 879:950 both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses 879:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 3 34 theme enzymatic 531:539 arg1 digestibility 541:553 enzymatic digestibility 531:553 enzymatic digestibility 531:553 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 1 35 theme wall 229:232 arg1 structure 234:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 0 36 theme Bioconversion 45:57 arg1 Efficiency 59:68 Bioconversion Efficiency 45:68 Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques 45:148 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 4 37 theme highest 692:698 arg1 recovery 707:714 the highest glucan recovery 688:714 the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) 688:767 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 3 38 theme ethanol 572:578 arg1 potential 580:588 theoretical ethanol potential 560:588 theoretical ethanol potential 560:588 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 1 39 theme specific 215:222 arg1 structure 234:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 2 40 theme lactuca 433:439 arg1 biomass 441:447 the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass 407:447 the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass 407:447 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 8 41 theme high 1291:1294 arg1 saccharification 1307:1322 high efficiency saccharification 1291:1322 high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process 1291:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 4 42 theme 99.1 790:793 arg1 % 794:794 80.0 and 99.1% 781:794 % 794:794 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 4 42 theme 99.1 790:793 arg1 ulvan 774:778 ulvan 774:778 ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) 774:795 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 8 43 dep Ulva 1327:1330 arg1 lactuca 1332:1338 lactuca 1332:1338 lactuca 1332:1338 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 5 44 theme pretreated 1003:1012 arg1 biomasses 1014:1022 the pretreated biomasses 999:1022 the pretreated biomasses 999:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 4 45 theme glucan 700:705 arg1 recovery 707:714 the highest glucan recovery 688:714 the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) 688:767 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 2 46 theme macroalgae 417:426 arg1 biomass 441:447 the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass 407:447 the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass 407:447 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 8 47 theme implementation 1389:1402 arg1 step 1377:1380 the key step 1369:1380 the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process 1369:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 5 48 with agreement 864:872 arg1 results 944:950 both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results 879:950 both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses 879:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 3 49 theme theoretical 560:570 arg1 potential 580:588 theoretical ethanol potential 560:588 theoretical ethanol potential 560:588 Their effects on chemical composition, biomass crystallinity, enzymatic digestibility, and theoretical ethanol potential were studied. 28861711 7 50 theme LHW 1254:1256 arg1 pretreatment 1258:1269 LHW pretreatment 1254:1269 LHW pretreatment 1254:1269 This later reached 97.5% in the case of LHW pretreatment. 28861711 1 51 theme Green 151:155 arg1 macroalgae 157:166 Green macroalgae 151:166 Green macroalgae 151:166 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 1 51 theme Green 151:155 arg1 biomass 200:206 an abundant and undervalued biomass 172:206 an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure 172:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 4 52 theme 80.0 781:784 arg1 % 794:794 80.0 and 99.1% 781:794 % 794:794 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 4 52 theme 80.0 781:784 arg1 ulvan 774:778 ulvan 774:778 ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) 774:795 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 1 53 with biomass 200:206 arg1 structure 234:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 a specific cell wall structure 213:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 4 54 theme Org 654:656 arg1 pretreatments 666:678 the Org and LHW pretreatments 650:678 pretreatments 666:678 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 4 55 theme LHW 662:664 arg1 pretreatments 666:678 the Org and LHW pretreatments 650:678 pretreatments 666:678 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 2 56 theme hot 337:339 arg1 water 341:345 liquid hot water 330:345 liquid hot water (LHW) 330:351 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 56 theme hot 337:339 arg1 LHW 348:350 LHW 348:350 LHW 348:350 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 8 57 theme key 1373:1375 arg1 step 1377:1380 the key step 1369:1380 the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process 1369:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 8 58 theme biomass 1340:1346 arg1 saccharification 1307:1322 high efficiency saccharification 1291:1322 high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process 1291:1427 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 7 59 theme pretreatment 1258:1269 arg1 case 1246:1249 the case 1242:1249 the case of LHW pretreatment 1242:1269 This later reached 97.5% in the case of LHW pretreatment. 28861711 5 60 theme electron 924:931 arg1 microscopy 933:942 scanning electron microscopy 915:942 scanning electron microscopy 915:942 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 2 61 theme liquid 330:335 arg1 water 341:345 liquid hot water 330:345 liquid hot water (LHW) 330:351 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 61 theme liquid 330:335 arg1 LHW 348:350 LHW 348:350 LHW 348:350 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 8 62 theme Ulva 1327:1330 arg1 biomass 1340:1346 Ulva lactuca biomass 1327:1346 Ulva lactuca biomass 1327:1346 Our results showed high efficiency saccharification of Ulva lactuca biomass that will constitute the key step of the implementation of a biorefinery process. 28861711 6 63 theme cellulose 1103:1111 arg1 crystallinity 1113:1125 the cellulose crystallinity 1099:1125 the cellulose crystallinity 1099:1125 It was found that the employed pretreatments did not significantly affect the cellulose crystallinity; however, they both increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility. 28861711 0 64 theme lactuca 78:84 arg1 Polysaccharides 86:100 Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides 73:100 Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides 73:100 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 5 65 theme structural 977:986 arg1 changes 988:994 significant structural changes 965:994 significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses 965:1022 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 4 66 theme composition 617:627 arg1 analysis 629:636 The chemical composition analysis 604:636 The chemical composition analysis 604:636 The chemical composition analysis showed that the Org and LHW pretreatments allowed the highest glucan recovery (80.8 ± 3.6 and 62.9 ± 4.4 g/100 g DM, respectively) with ulvan (80.0 and 99.1%) and hemicellulose (55.0 and 42.3%) removal. 28861711 5 67 theme scanning 915:922 arg1 microscopy 933:942 scanning electron microscopy 915:942 scanning electron microscopy 915:942 These findings were in agreement with both thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy results that confirm significant structural changes of the pretreated biomasses. 28861711 6 68 theme employed 1047:1054 arg1 pretreatments 1056:1068 the employed pretreatments 1043:1068 the employed pretreatments 1043:1068 It was found that the employed pretreatments did not significantly affect the cellulose crystallinity; however, they both increased the whole crystallinity and the enzymatic digestibility. 28861711 0 69 theme Ulva 73:76 arg1 Polysaccharides 86:100 Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides 73:100 Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides 73:100 Variations in Physicochemical Properties and Bioconversion Efficiency of Ulva lactuca Polysaccharides After Different Biomass Pretreatment Techniques. 28861711 2 70 theme different 262:270 arg1 pretreatments 272:284 different pretreatments 262:284 different pretreatments 262:284 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 2 70 theme different 262:270 arg1 organosolv 302:311 ethanol organosolv 294:311 ethanol organosolv (Org) 294:317 In this context, different pretreatments, namely ethanol organosolv (Org), alkaline, liquid hot water (LHW), and ionic liquid (IL) pretreatments, were applied to the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca biomass and then evaluated. 28861711 1 71 theme abundant 175:182 arg1 macroalgae 157:166 Green macroalgae 151:166 Green macroalgae 151:166 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28861711 1 71 theme abundant 175:182 arg1 biomass 200:206 an abundant and undervalued biomass 172:206 an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure 172:242 Green macroalgae are an abundant and undervalued biomass with a specific cell wall structure. 28509876 7 0 theme 0.30 1114:1117 arg1 % 1118:1118 % 1118:1118 % 1118:1118 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 2 1 theme rosea 354:358 arg1 halobacterium 413:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 1 theme rosea 354:358 arg1 M2016754 372:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 3 2 theme compositions 552:563 arg1 combination 517:527 The optimal combination 505:527 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production 505:581 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. 28509876 9 3 theme highest 1311:1317 arg1 concentration 1319:1331 the highest concentration 1307:1331 the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs 1307:1349 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 7 4 dep % 1096:1096 arg1 citrate 1105:1111 sodium citrate 1098:1111 1.00% sodium citrate 1092:1111 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 3 5 theme fermentation 532:543 arg1 compositions 552:563 fermentation medium compositions 532:563 fermentation medium compositions 532:563 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. 28509876 1 6 theme rising 164:169 arg1 awareness 171:179 the rising awareness 160:179 the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields 160:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 4 7 theme significant 671:681 arg1 factors 683:689 the significant factors 667:689 the significant factors that affected EPS production 667:718 In this work, a fractional factorial design was adopted to investigate the significant factors that affected EPS production. 28509876 0 8 with ZJUQH 93:97 arg1 Methodology 142:152 Response Surface Methodology 125:152 Response Surface Methodology 125:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 9 9 theme g/L 1342:1344 arg1 EPSs 1346:1349 70.64 g/L EPSs 1336:1349 70.64 g/L EPSs 1336:1349 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 11 10 contain has 1629:1631 arg2 potential 1639:1647 great potential 1633:1647 great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments 1633:1798 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 11 10 contain has 1629:1631 arg1 ZJUQH 1623:1627 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 1609:1627 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 1609:1627 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 7 11 theme casein 1072:1077 arg1 hydrolysate 1079:1089 casein hydrolysate 1072:1089 0.50% casein hydrolysate 1066:1089 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 3 12 theme EPS 568:570 arg1 production 572:581 EPS production 568:581 EPS production 568:581 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. 28509876 1 13 theme exopolysaccharides 194:211 arg1 application 220:230 microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application 184:230 microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields 184:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 11 14 theme agriculture 1726:1736 arg1 food 1697:1700 food 1697:1700 food 1697:1700 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 11 14 theme agriculture 1726:1736 arg1 industry 1738:1745 the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry 1703:1745 industry 1738:1745 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 8 15 theme maximal 1199:1205 arg1 EPS 1207:1209 The maximal EPS 1195:1209 The maximal EPS 1195:1209 The maximal EPS was 48.01 g/L, which is close to the predicted value (50.39 g/L). 28509876 8 15 theme maximal 1199:1205 arg1 g/L 1221:1223 48.01 g/L 1215:1223 48.01 g/L 1215:1223 The maximal EPS was 48.01 g/L, which is close to the predicted value (50.39 g/L). 28509876 0 16 theme Production 20:29 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 0:153 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 6 17 theme medium 943:948 arg1 composition 950:960 the submerged culture medium composition 921:960 the submerged culture medium composition 921:960 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 10 18 theme differential 1482:1493 arg1 DSC 1517:1519 DSC 1517:1519 DSC 1517:1519 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 10 18 theme differential 1482:1493 arg1 calorimetry 1504:1514 differential scanning calorimetry 1482:1514 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 1482:1520 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 0 19 theme Surface 134:140 arg1 Methodology 142:152 Response Surface Methodology 125:152 Response Surface Methodology 125:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 7 20 theme optimum 1008:1014 arg1 medium 1024:1029 the optimum culture medium 1004:1029 the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs 1004:1048 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 6 21 theme submerged 925:933 arg1 composition 950:960 the submerged culture medium composition 921:960 the submerged culture medium composition 921:960 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 11 22 theme Kocuria 1609:1615 arg1 ZJUQH 1623:1627 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 1609:1627 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 1609:1627 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 1 23 from application 220:230 arg1 fields 243:248 various fields 235:248 various fields 235:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 1 24 from awareness 171:179 arg1 fields 243:248 various fields 235:248 various fields 235:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 11 25 from findings 1575:1582 arg1 study 1592:1596 this study 1587:1596 this study 1587:1596 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 7 26 theme MgSO₄ 1171:1175 arg1 pH 1186:1187 initial pH 7.0 1178:1191 initial pH 7.0 1178:1191 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 7 26 theme MgSO₄ 1171:1175 arg1 % 1169:1169 5.80% MgSO₄ 1165:1175 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0) 1165:1192 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 7 27 theme % 1139:1139 arg1 KCl 1141:1143 0.50% KCl 1135:1143 0.50% KCl 1135:1143 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 7 28 theme experimental 982:993 arg1 results 995:1001 these experimental results 976:1001 these experimental results 976:1001 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 9 29 theme culture 1396:1402 arg1 medium 1404:1409 the optimized culture medium 1382:1409 the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor 1382:1429 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 2 30 theme 10 495:496 arg1 % 497:497 % 497:497 % 497:497 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 4 31 theme EPS 705:707 arg1 production 709:718 EPS production 705:718 EPS production 705:718 In this work, a fractional factorial design was adopted to investigate the significant factors that affected EPS production. 28509876 11 32 theme great 1633:1637 arg1 potential 1639:1647 great potential 1633:1647 great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments 1633:1798 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 0 33 theme rosea 87:91 arg1 ZJUQH 93:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 79:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology 79:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 0 33 theme rosea 87:91 arg1 Bacterium 68:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 9 34 theme 5-L 1416:1418 arg1 bioreactor 1420:1429 a 5-L bioreactor 1414:1429 a 5-L bioreactor 1414:1429 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 5 35 theme MgSO₄ 744:748 arg1 factors 725:731 The factors 721:731 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ 721:748 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. 28509876 2 36 theme successful 445:454 arg1 adaption 456:463 its successful adaption 441:463 its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl 441:502 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 0 37 theme EPS 16:18 arg1 Production 20:29 EPS Production 16:29 EPS Production 16:29 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 2 38 theme moderate 404:411 arg1 halobacterium 413:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 38 theme moderate 404:411 arg1 M2016754 372:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 5 39 theme profound 771:778 arg1 impact 780:785 a profound impact 769:785 a profound impact 769:785 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. 28509876 6 40 theme response 847:854 arg1 methodology 864:874 response surface methodology 847:874 response surface methodology 847:874 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 0 41 theme Halophilic 57:66 arg1 ZJUQH 93:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 79:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology 79:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 0 41 theme Halophilic 57:66 arg1 Bacterium 68:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 2 42 theme Kocuria 346:352 arg1 halobacterium 413:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 42 theme Kocuria 346:352 arg1 M2016754 372:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 7 43 theme yeast 1120:1124 arg1 extract 1126:1132 0.30% yeast extract 1114:1132 0.30% yeast extract 1114:1132 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 10 44 from bacterium 1446:1454 arg1 EPS 1432:1434 EPS 1432:1434 EPS from this bacterium 1432:1454 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 10 45 dep Fourier 1526:1532 arg1 transform 1534:1542 transform 1534:1542 transform infrared analysis (FT-IR) 1534:1568 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 3 46 theme optimal 509:515 arg1 combination 517:527 The optimal combination 505:527 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production 505:581 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. 28509876 7 47 dep % 1070:1070 arg1 hydrolysate 1079:1089 casein hydrolysate 1072:1089 0.50% casein hydrolysate 1066:1089 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 2 48 theme ZJUQH 360:364 arg1 halobacterium 413:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 48 theme ZJUQH 360:364 arg1 M2016754 372:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 0 49 from Lake 115:118 arg1 ZJUQH 93:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 79:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology 79:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 0 49 from Lake 115:118 arg1 Bacterium 68:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 9 50 from medium 1404:1409 arg1 bioreactor 1420:1429 a 5-L bioreactor 1414:1429 a 5-L bioreactor 1414:1429 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 7 51 theme initial 1178:1184 arg1 pH 1186:1187 initial pH 7.0 1178:1191 initial pH 7.0 1178:1191 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 7 51 theme initial 1178:1184 arg1 % 1169:1169 5.80% MgSO₄ 1165:1175 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0) 1165:1192 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 7 52 theme sodium 1098:1103 arg1 citrate 1105:1111 sodium citrate 1098:1111 1.00% sodium citrate 1092:1111 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 3 53 theme medium 545:550 arg1 compositions 552:563 fermentation medium compositions 532:563 fermentation medium compositions 532:563 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. 28509876 1 54 theme halophilic 251:260 arg1 microorganisms 262:275 halophilic microorganisms 251:275 halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs 251:294 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 6 55 theme statistical 888:898 arg1 model 900:904 a statistical model 886:904 a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition 886:960 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 3 56 from combination 517:527 arg1 production 572:581 EPS production 568:581 EPS production 568:581 The optimal combination of fermentation medium compositions on EPS production was studied. 28509876 9 57 theme 70.64 1336:1340 arg1 EPSs 1346:1349 70.64 g/L EPSs 1336:1349 70.64 g/L EPSs 1336:1349 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 1 58 theme microbial 184:192 arg1 exopolysaccharides 194:211 microbial exopolysaccharides 184:211 microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields 184:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 1 58 theme microbial 184:192 arg1 EPSs 214:217 EPSs 214:217 EPSs 214:217 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 4 59 theme factorial 623:631 arg1 design 633:638 a fractional factorial design 610:638 a fractional factorial design 610:638 In this work, a fractional factorial design was adopted to investigate the significant factors that affected EPS production. 28509876 1 60 from fields 243:248 arg1 awareness 171:179 the rising awareness 160:179 the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields 160:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 10 61 theme scanning 1495:1502 arg1 DSC 1517:1519 DSC 1517:1519 DSC 1517:1519 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 10 61 theme scanning 1495:1502 arg1 calorimetry 1504:1514 differential scanning calorimetry 1482:1514 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 1482:1520 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 11 62 theme EPSs 1680:1683 arg1 source 1670:1675 a source 1668:1675 a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments 1668:1798 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 11 63 theme environments 1787:1798 arg1 biotreatment 1759:1770 the biotreatment 1755:1770 the biotreatment of hypersaline environments 1755:1798 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 6 64 theme culture 935:941 arg1 composition 950:960 the submerged culture medium composition 921:960 the submerged culture medium composition 921:960 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 7 65 theme culture 1016:1022 arg1 medium 1024:1029 the optimum culture medium 1004:1029 the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs 1004:1048 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 11 66 theme rosea 1617:1621 arg1 ZJUQH 1623:1627 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 1609:1627 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 1609:1627 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 9 67 theme EPSs 1346:1349 arg1 concentration 1319:1331 the highest concentration 1307:1331 the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs 1307:1349 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 9 68 theme optimized 1386:1394 arg1 medium 1404:1409 the optimized culture medium 1382:1409 the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor 1382:1429 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 28509876 2 69 theme % 497:497 arg1 NaCl 499:502 10% NaCl 495:502 10% NaCl 495:502 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 5 70 contain have 764:767 arg2 impact 780:785 a profound impact 769:785 a profound impact 769:785 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. 28509876 5 70 contain have 764:767 arg1 factors 725:731 The factors 721:731 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ 721:748 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. 28509876 5 71 theme KCl 736:738 arg1 factors 725:731 The factors 721:731 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ 721:748 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. 28509876 0 72 theme Kocuria 79:85 arg1 ZJUQH 93:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH 79:97 Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology 79:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 0 72 theme Kocuria 79:85 arg1 Bacterium 68:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 a Halophilic Bacterium 55:76 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 11 73 theme pharmaceutical 1707:1720 arg1 food 1697:1700 food 1697:1700 food 1697:1700 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 11 73 theme pharmaceutical 1707:1720 arg1 industry 1738:1745 the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry 1703:1745 industry 1738:1745 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 6 74 theme central 818:824 arg1 design 836:841 central composite design 818:841 central composite design 818:841 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 7 75 theme 0.50 1146:1149 arg1 % 1150:1150 % 1150:1150 % 1150:1150 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 8 76 theme predicted 1248:1256 arg1 g/L 1221:1223 48.01 g/L 1215:1223 48.01 g/L 1215:1223 The maximal EPS was 48.01 g/L, which is close to the predicted value (50.39 g/L). 28509876 8 76 theme predicted 1248:1256 arg1 value 1258:1262 the predicted value 1244:1262 the predicted value 1244:1262 The maximal EPS was 48.01 g/L, which is close to the predicted value (50.39 g/L). 28509876 6 77 used utilized 809:816 arg2 We 806:807 We 806:807 We 806:807 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 0 78 theme Response 125:132 arg1 Methodology 142:152 Response Surface Methodology 125:152 Response Surface Methodology 125:152 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 7 79 theme 0.50 1135:1138 arg1 % 1139:1139 % 1139:1139 % 1139:1139 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 11 80 theme hypersaline 1775:1785 arg1 environments 1787:1798 hypersaline environments 1775:1798 hypersaline environments 1775:1798 The findings in this study imply that Kocuria rosea ZJUQH has great potential to be exploited as a source of EPSs utilized in food, the pharmaceutical and agriculture industry, and in the biotreatment of hypersaline environments. 28509876 0 81 theme Characterization 35:50 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 0:153 Optimization of EPS Production and Characterization by a Halophilic Bacterium, Kocuria rosea ZJUQH from Chaka Salt Lake with Response Surface Methodology. 28509876 6 82 theme surface 856:862 arg1 methodology 864:874 response surface methodology 847:874 response surface methodology 847:874 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 10 83 dep transform 1534:1542 arg1 infrared 1544:1551 infrared 1544:1551 transform infrared analysis (FT-IR) 1534:1568 EPS from this bacterium was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FT-IR). 28509876 2 84 contain containing 484:493 arg2 NaCl 499:502 10% NaCl 495:502 10% NaCl 495:502 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 84 contain containing 484:493 arg1 environment 472:482 the environment 468:482 the environment containing 10% NaCl 468:502 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 7 85 theme % 1150:1150 arg1 peptone 1152:1158 0.50% peptone 1146:1158 0.50% peptone 1146:1158 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 7 86 theme % 1118:1118 arg1 extract 1126:1132 0.30% yeast extract 1114:1132 0.30% yeast extract 1114:1132 Judging from these experimental results, the optimum culture medium for producing EPSs was composed of 0.50% casein hydrolysate, 1.00% sodium citrate, 0.30% yeast extract, 0.50% KCl, 0.50% peptone, and 5.80% MgSO₄ (initial pH 7.0). 28509876 1 87 theme broad 310:314 arg1 attention 316:324 broad attention 310:324 broad attention 310:324 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 2 88 theme identified 335:344 arg1 halobacterium 413:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 88 theme identified 335:344 arg1 M2016754 372:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 6 89 theme composite 826:834 arg1 design 836:841 central composite design 818:841 central composite design 818:841 We utilized central composite design and response surface methodology to derive a statistical model for optimizing the submerged culture medium composition. 28509876 2 90 theme CCTCC 366:370 arg1 halobacterium 413:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 a moderate halobacterium 402:425 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 2 90 theme CCTCC 366:370 arg1 M2016754 372:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 327:379 A newly identified Kocuria rosea ZJUQH CCTCC M2016754 was determined to be a moderate halobacterium on account of its successful adaption to the environment containing 10% NaCl. 28509876 1 91 theme application 220:230 arg1 awareness 171:179 the rising awareness 160:179 the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields 160:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 4 92 theme fractional 612:621 arg1 design 633:638 a fractional factorial design 610:638 a fractional factorial design 610:638 In this work, a fractional factorial design was adopted to investigate the significant factors that affected EPS production. 28509876 1 93 theme various 235:241 arg1 fields 243:248 various fields 235:248 various fields 235:248 With the rising awareness of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) application in various fields, halophilic microorganisms which produce EPSs have received broad attention. 28509876 5 94 theme EPS 790:792 arg1 production 794:803 EPS production 790:803 EPS production 790:803 The factors of KCl and MgSO₄ were found to have a profound impact on EPS production. 28509876 9 95 theme validation 1284:1293 arg1 experiment 1295:1304 the validation experiment 1280:1304 the validation experiment 1280:1304 In the validation experiment, the highest concentration of 70.64 g/L EPSs was obtained after 120 h under the optimized culture medium in a 5-L bioreactor. 27288973 4 0 theme glucose 574:580 arg1 presence 562:569 the presence 558:569 the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal) 558:632 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 5 1 theme studied 639:645 arg1 strain 647:652 The studied strain 635:652 The studied strain 635:652 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 3 2 theme 1D 498:499 arg1 experiments 512:522 1D and 2D NMR experiments 498:522 chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments 469:522 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 2 3 theme envelope 333:340 arg1 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide (OPS) 244:265 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 3 theme envelope 333:340 arg1 compound 342:349 an important cell envelope compound 315:349 an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria 315:375 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 3 theme envelope 333:340 arg1 part 272:275 a part 270:275 a part 270:275 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 4 4 theme unusual 586:592 arg1 sugar 602:606 unusual 6-deoxy sugar 586:606 unusual 6-deoxy sugar 586:606 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 4 4 theme unusual 586:592 arg1 6-dTal 626:631 6-dTal 626:631 6-dTal 626:631 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 2 5 theme lipopolysaccharide 280:297 arg1 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide (OPS) 244:265 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 5 theme lipopolysaccharide 280:297 arg1 compound 342:349 an important cell envelope compound 315:349 an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria 315:375 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 5 theme lipopolysaccharide 280:297 arg1 part 272:275 a part 270:275 a part 270:275 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 5 6 from 6-l-dTalp 686:694 arg1 chain 704:708 main chain 699:708 main chain 699:708 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 5 6 from 6-l-dTalp 686:694 arg1 d-Glcp 723:728 terminal d-Glcp 714:728 terminal d-Glcp 714:728 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 5 7 theme terminal 714:721 arg1 d-Glcp 723:728 terminal d-Glcp 714:728 terminal d-Glcp 714:728 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 2 8 theme cell 328:331 arg1 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide (OPS) 244:265 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 8 theme cell 328:331 arg1 compound 342:349 an important cell envelope compound 315:349 an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria 315:375 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 8 theme cell 328:331 arg1 part 272:275 a part 270:275 a part 270:275 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 3 9 theme NMR 508:510 arg1 experiments 512:522 1D and 2D NMR experiments 498:522 chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments 469:522 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 5 10 theme first 755:759 arg1 determination 772:784 the first structural determination 751:784 the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter 751:830 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 5 10 theme first 755:759 arg1 This 743:746 This 743:746 This 743:746 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 4 11 theme 6-deoxy 594:600 arg1 sugar 602:606 unusual 6-deoxy sugar 586:606 unusual 6-deoxy sugar 586:606 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 4 11 theme 6-deoxy 594:600 arg1 6-dTal 626:631 6-dTal 626:631 6-dTal 626:631 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 5 12 theme structural 761:770 arg1 determination 772:784 the first structural determination 751:784 the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter 751:830 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 5 12 theme structural 761:770 arg1 This 743:746 This 743:746 This 743:746 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 0 13 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide 0:50 Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T). 27288973 5 14 attach isolated 797:804 arg2 OPS 793:795 the OPS 789:795 the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter 789:830 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 5 14 attach isolated 797:804 arg1 Franconibacter 817:830 genus Franconibacter 811:830 genus Franconibacter 811:830 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 2 15 theme bacteria 368:375 arg1 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide (OPS) 244:265 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 15 theme bacteria 368:375 arg1 compound 342:349 an important cell envelope compound 315:349 an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria 315:375 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 15 theme bacteria 368:375 arg1 part 272:275 a part 270:275 a part 270:275 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 5 16 theme OPS 793:795 arg1 determination 772:784 the first structural determination 751:784 the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter 751:830 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 5 16 theme OPS 793:795 arg1 This 743:746 This 743:746 This 743:746 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 1 17 theme bacterial 109:117 arg1 helveticus 141:150 bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus 109:150 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 18 theme neonatal 201:208 arg1 zurichensis 231:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 18 theme neonatal 201:208 arg1 23732 156:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732 105:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 3 19 theme bacterium 400:408 arg1 helveticus 425:434 the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732 396:443 the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) 396:446 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 3 19 theme bacterium 400:408 arg1 T 445:445 T 445:445 T 445:445 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 2 20 theme important 318:326 arg1 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide 244:259 O-polysaccharide (OPS) 244:265 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 20 theme important 318:326 arg1 compound 342:349 an important cell envelope compound 315:349 an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria 315:375 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 2 20 theme important 318:326 arg1 part 272:275 a part 270:275 a part 270:275 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 1 21 theme pathogen 210:217 arg1 zurichensis 231:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 21 theme pathogen 210:217 arg1 23732 156:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732 105:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 0 22 theme O-polysaccharide 35:50 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide 0:50 Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T). 27288973 3 23 theme Franconibacter 410:423 arg1 helveticus 425:434 the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732 396:443 the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) 396:446 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 3 23 theme Franconibacter 410:423 arg1 T 445:445 T 445:445 T 445:445 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 1 24 theme Cronobacter 219:229 arg1 zurichensis 231:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 24 theme Cronobacter 219:229 arg1 23732 156:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732 105:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 0 25 theme Franconibacter 66:79 arg1 helveticus 81:90 Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732 66:99 Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) 66:102 Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T). 27288973 0 25 theme Franconibacter 66:79 arg1 T 101:101 T 101:101 T 101:101 Structural characterization of the O-polysaccharide isolated from Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T). 27288973 1 26 theme strain 119:124 arg1 helveticus 141:150 bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus 109:150 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 5 27 theme main 699:702 arg1 chain 704:708 main chain 699:708 main chain 699:708 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 4 28 theme Compositional 525:537 arg1 analyses 539:546 Compositional analyses 525:546 Compositional analyses 525:546 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 3 29 attach isolated 382:389 arg1 helveticus 425:434 the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732 396:443 the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) 396:446 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 3 29 attach isolated 382:389 arg1 T 445:445 T 445:445 T 445:445 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 3 29 attach isolated 382:389 arg2 OPS 378:380 OPS 378:380 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) 378:446 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 1 30 theme Franconibacter 126:139 arg1 helveticus 141:150 bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus 109:150 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 31 theme helveticus 141:150 arg1 zurichensis 231:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 31 theme helveticus 141:150 arg1 T 162:162 T 162:162 T 162:162 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 31 theme helveticus 141:150 arg1 23732 156:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732 105:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 4 32 theme sugar 602:606 arg1 presence 562:569 the presence 558:569 the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal) 558:632 Compositional analyses indicated the presence of glucose and unusual 6-deoxy sugar - 6-deoxy-talose (6-dTal). 27288973 1 33 theme LMG 152:154 arg1 zurichensis 231:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis 197:241 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 33 theme LMG 152:154 arg1 T 162:162 T 162:162 T 162:162 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 1 33 theme LMG 152:154 arg1 23732 156:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732 105:160 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) 105:163 The bacterial strain Franconibacter helveticus LMG 23732(T) was previously misidentified as the neonatal pathogen Cronobacter zurichensis. 27288973 3 34 theme chemical 469:476 arg1 analyses 478:485 chemical analyses 469:485 chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments 469:522 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27288973 5 35 theme genus 811:815 arg1 Franconibacter 817:830 genus Franconibacter 811:830 genus Franconibacter 811:830 The studied strain produced OPS, which consists of 6-l-dTalp in main chain and terminal d-Glcp as a branch: This is the first structural determination of the OPS isolated from genus Franconibacter. 27288973 2 36 theme Gram-negative 354:366 arg1 bacteria 368:375 Gram-negative bacteria 354:375 Gram-negative bacteria 354:375 O-polysaccharide (OPS) is a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is an important cell envelope compound of Gram-negative bacteria. 27288973 3 37 theme 2D 505:506 arg1 experiments 512:522 1D and 2D NMR experiments 498:522 chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments 469:522 OPS isolated from the bacterium Franconibacter helveticus LMG23732(T) was characterized by chemical analyses as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments. 27266255 2 0 theme functional 443:452 arg1 group 454:458 a functional group 441:458 a functional group 441:458 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 6 1 theme guar 865:868 arg1 gum 870:872 guar gum 865:872 guar gum 865:872 Gum arabic and guar gum were found to bind nonpolar compounds to a maximum and minimum extent, respectively. 27266255 7 2 theme studied 1049:1055 arg1 compounds 1057:1065 all studied compounds 1045:1065 all studied compounds 1045:1065 It was demonstrated the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum with respect to all studied compounds. 27266255 6 3 theme maximum 917:923 arg1 extent 937:942 a maximum and minimum extent 915:942 a maximum and minimum extent 915:942 Gum arabic and guar gum were found to bind nonpolar compounds to a maximum and minimum extent, respectively. 27266255 1 4 theme protein 233:239 arg1 gelatin 241:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 4 theme protein 233:239 arg1 polymers 177:184 different edible polymers 160:184 different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) 160:248 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 5 theme structure 147:155 arg1 influence 114:122 the influence 110:122 the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components 110:291 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 6 6 theme minimum 929:935 arg1 extent 937:942 a maximum and minimum extent 915:942 a maximum and minimum extent 915:942 Gum arabic and guar gum were found to bind nonpolar compounds to a maximum and minimum extent, respectively. 27266255 2 7 theme compounds 328:336 arg1 retention 298:306 The retention 294:306 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers 294:351 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 2 8 from retention 298:306 arg1 biopolymers 341:351 biopolymers 341:351 biopolymers 341:351 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 3 9 theme nonpolar 512:519 arg1 terpene 521:527 nonpolar terpene 512:527 nonpolar terpene 512:527 The maximum extent of the binding was observed for nonpolar terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and the minimum extent was observed for alcohols. 27266255 6 10 theme Gum 850:852 arg1 arabic 854:859 Gum arabic 850:859 Gum arabic 850:859 Gum arabic and guar gum were found to bind nonpolar compounds to a maximum and minimum extent, respectively. 27266255 4 11 theme hydrophobic 672:682 arg1 interactions 684:695 hydrophobic interactions 672:695 hydrophobic interactions 672:695 The components of essential oils were adsorbed due mostly to hydrophobic interactions. 27266255 2 12 dep presence 409:416 arg1 the 405:407 the 405:407 the 405:407 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 1 13 theme Capillary 63:71 arg1 chromatography 77:90 Capillary gas chromatography 63:90 Capillary gas chromatography 63:90 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 4 14 theme essential 629:637 arg1 oils 639:642 essential oils 629:642 essential oils 629:642 The components of essential oils were adsorbed due mostly to hydrophobic interactions. 27266255 5 15 theme compound 751:758 arg1 structure 736:744 structure 736:744 structure 736:744 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 5 15 theme compound 751:758 arg1 presence 797:804 the presence 793:804 the presence of functional groups 793:825 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 5 15 theme compound 751:758 arg1 composition 720:730 composition 720:730 composition 720:730 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 1 16 from influence 114:122 arg1 binding 257:263 the binding 253:263 the binding of essential oil components 253:291 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 17 theme gas 73:75 arg1 chromatography 77:90 Capillary gas chromatography 63:90 Capillary gas chromatography 63:90 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 18 theme different 160:168 arg1 polysaccharides 187:201 polysaccharides 187:201 polysaccharides 187:201 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 18 theme different 160:168 arg1 polymers 177:184 different edible polymers 160:184 different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) 160:248 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 18 theme different 160:168 arg1 gelatin 241:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 6 19 theme nonpolar 893:900 arg1 compounds 902:910 nonpolar compounds 893:910 nonpolar compounds 893:910 Gum arabic and guar gum were found to bind nonpolar compounds to a maximum and minimum extent, respectively. 27266255 7 20 theme bean 1020:1023 arg1 gum 1025:1027 locust bean gum 1013:1027 locust bean gum 1013:1027 It was demonstrated the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum with respect to all studied compounds. 27266255 1 21 theme edible 170:175 arg1 polysaccharides 187:201 polysaccharides 187:201 polysaccharides 187:201 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 21 theme edible 170:175 arg1 polymers 177:184 different edible polymers 160:184 different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) 160:248 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 21 theme edible 170:175 arg1 gelatin 241:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 7 22 theme gum 1025:1027 arg1 ability 1002:1008 the minimum adsorption ability 979:1008 the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum 979:1027 It was demonstrated the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum with respect to all studied compounds. 27266255 1 23 theme polymers 177:184 arg1 composition 131:141 composition 131:141 composition 131:141 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 23 theme polymers 177:184 arg1 structure 147:155 structure 147:155 structure 147:155 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 0 24 theme Organic 21:27 arg1 Compounds 29:37 Volatile Organic Compounds 12:37 Volatile Organic Compounds 12:37 [Binding of Volatile Organic Compounds to Edible Biopolymers]. 27266255 0 25 theme Volatile 12:19 arg1 Compounds 29:37 Volatile Organic Compounds 12:37 Volatile Organic Compounds 12:37 [Binding of Volatile Organic Compounds to Edible Biopolymers]. 27266255 7 26 theme locust 1013:1018 arg1 gum 1025:1027 locust bean gum 1013:1027 locust bean gum 1013:1027 It was demonstrated the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum with respect to all studied compounds. 27266255 1 27 dep composition 131:141 arg1 the 127:129 the 127:129 the 127:129 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 5 28 theme physico-chemical 765:780 arg1 compound 751:758 a compound 749:758 a compound 749:758 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 5 28 theme physico-chemical 765:780 arg1 state 782:786 its physico-chemical state 761:786 its physico-chemical state 761:786 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 1 29 theme essential 268:276 arg1 components 282:291 essential oil components 268:291 essential oil components 268:291 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 7 30 theme adsorption 991:1000 arg1 ability 1002:1008 the minimum adsorption ability 979:1008 the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum 979:1027 It was demonstrated the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum with respect to all studied compounds. 27266255 2 31 theme molecule 382:389 arg1 structure 391:399 their molecule structure 376:399 their molecule structure 376:399 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 0 32 theme Compounds 29:37 arg1 [Binding 0:7 [Binding 0:7 [Binding of Volatile Organic Compounds to Edible Biopolymers 0:59 [Binding of Volatile Organic Compounds to Edible Biopolymers]. 27266255 1 33 theme oil 278:280 arg1 components 282:291 essential oil components 268:291 essential oil components 268:291 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 5 34 theme groups 820:825 arg1 structure 736:744 structure 736:744 structure 736:744 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 5 34 theme groups 820:825 arg1 presence 797:804 the presence 793:804 the presence of functional groups 793:825 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 5 34 theme groups 820:825 arg1 composition 720:730 composition 720:730 composition 720:730 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 1 35 dep polymers 177:184 arg1 polysaccharides 187:201 polysaccharides 187:201 polysaccharides 187:201 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 35 dep polymers 177:184 arg1 fibers 214:219 vegetable fibers 204:219 vegetable fibers 204:219 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 35 dep polymers 177:184 arg1 polymers 177:184 different edible polymers 160:184 different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) 160:248 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 35 dep polymers 177:184 arg1 gelatin 241:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 36 theme vegetable 204:212 arg1 fibers 214:219 vegetable fibers 204:219 vegetable fibers 204:219 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 37 theme components 282:291 arg1 binding 257:263 the binding 253:263 the binding of essential oil components 253:291 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 3 38 theme sesquiterpene 533:545 arg1 hydrocarbons 547:558 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 533:558 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 533:558 The maximum extent of the binding was observed for nonpolar terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and the minimum extent was observed for alcohols. 27266255 2 39 theme organic 320:326 arg1 compounds 328:336 volatile organic compounds 311:336 volatile organic compounds 311:336 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 0 40 theme Edible 42:47 arg1 Biopolymers 49:59 Edible Biopolymers 42:59 Edible Biopolymers 42:59 [Binding of Volatile Organic Compounds to Edible Biopolymers]. 27266255 7 41 theme minimum 983:989 arg1 ability 1002:1008 the minimum adsorption ability 979:1008 the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum 979:1027 It was demonstrated the minimum adsorption ability of locust bean gum with respect to all studied compounds. 27266255 3 42 theme maximum 465:471 arg1 extent 473:478 The maximum extent 461:478 The maximum extent of the binding 461:493 The maximum extent of the binding was observed for nonpolar terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and the minimum extent was observed for alcohols. 27266255 1 43 used used 96:99 arg2 chromatography 77:90 Capillary gas chromatography 63:90 Capillary gas chromatography 63:90 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 3 44 theme binding 487:493 arg1 extent 473:478 The maximum extent 461:478 The maximum extent of the binding 461:493 The maximum extent of the binding was observed for nonpolar terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and the minimum extent was observed for alcohols. 27266255 4 45 theme oils 639:642 arg1 components 615:624 The components 611:624 The components of essential oils 611:642 The components of essential oils were adsorbed due mostly to hydrophobic interactions. 27266255 2 46 theme volatile 311:318 arg1 compounds 328:336 volatile organic compounds 311:336 volatile organic compounds 311:336 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 5 47 theme functional 809:818 arg1 groups 820:825 functional groups 809:825 functional groups 809:825 It was shown that the composition and structure of a compound, its physico-chemical state, and the presence of functional groups influence the binding. 27266255 2 48 theme group 454:458 arg1 position 429:436 position 429:436 position 429:436 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 2 48 theme group 454:458 arg1 type 419:422 type 419:422 type 419:422 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 2 48 theme group 454:458 arg1 structure 391:399 their molecule structure 376:399 their molecule structure 376:399 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 2 48 theme group 454:458 arg1 presence 409:416 presence 409:416 presence 409:416 The retention of volatile organic compounds on biopolymers was shown to depend on their molecule structure and the presence, type, and position of a functional group. 27266255 3 49 theme minimum 569:575 arg1 extent 577:582 the minimum extent 565:582 the minimum extent 565:582 The maximum extent of the binding was observed for nonpolar terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and the minimum extent was observed for alcohols. 27266255 1 50 theme composition 131:141 arg1 influence 114:122 the influence 110:122 the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components 110:291 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 51 theme animal 226:231 arg1 gelatin 241:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 animal protein gelatin 226:247 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 27266255 1 51 theme animal 226:231 arg1 polymers 177:184 different edible polymers 160:184 different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) 160:248 Capillary gas chromatography was used to study the influence of the composition and structure of different edible polymers (polysaccharides, vegetable fibers, and animal protein gelatin) on the binding of essential oil components. 28962783 4 0 theme polyethylene 650:661 arg1 oxide 663:667 carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 626:667 carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 626:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 5 1 theme solution 746:753 arg1 properties 755:764 spinning solution properties 737:764 spinning solution properties 737:764 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 1 2 theme cell 186:189 arg1 growth 191:196 cell growth 186:196 cell growth 186:196 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 10 3 theme commercial 1473:1482 arg1 matrix 1501:1506 a commercial collagen/apatite matrix 1471:1506 a commercial collagen/apatite matrix 1471:1506 Cells grown on hydrophobized materials show similar viability as those grown on a commercial collagen/apatite matrix. 28962783 10 4 theme similar 1435:1441 arg1 viability 1443:1451 similar viability 1435:1451 similar viability 1435:1451 Cells grown on hydrophobized materials show similar viability as those grown on a commercial collagen/apatite matrix. 28962783 4 5 theme electrospun 578:588 arg1 nanofibres 590:599 electrospun nanofibres 578:599 electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 578:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 5 6 theme properties 755:764 arg1 influence 688:696 The influence 684:696 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device 684:807 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 9 7 theme human 1227:1231 arg1 osteoblasts 1246:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 4 8 theme oxide 663:667 arg1 mixtures 614:621 aqueous mixtures 606:621 aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 606:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 4 9 from formation 565:573 arg1 mixtures 614:621 aqueous mixtures 606:621 aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 606:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 6 10 used used 863:866 arg2 parameters 847:856 Optimized parameters 837:856 Optimized parameters 837:856 Optimized parameters were used to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the fibers. 28962783 9 11 theme bone-derived 1233:1244 arg1 osteoblasts 1246:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 4 12 theme detailed 543:550 arg1 study 552:556 A detailed study 541:556 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 541:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 8 13 theme inorganic 1146:1154 arg1 content 1156:1162 inorganic content 1146:1162 inorganic content 1146:1162 The nanofiber webs were thoroughly investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition and inorganic content. 28962783 7 14 from insoluble 1025:1033 arg1 water 1038:1042 water 1038:1042 water 1038:1042 Nanofibers were additionally hydrophobized with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) to render them insoluble in water. 28962783 6 15 theme Optimized 837:845 arg1 parameters 847:856 Optimized parameters 837:856 Optimized parameters 837:856 Optimized parameters were used to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the fibers. 28962783 10 16 theme hydrophobized 1406:1418 arg1 materials 1420:1428 hydrophobized materials 1406:1428 hydrophobized materials 1406:1428 Cells grown on hydrophobized materials show similar viability as those grown on a commercial collagen/apatite matrix. 28962783 9 17 theme cell 1293:1296 arg1 viability 1298:1306 cell viability 1293:1306 cell viability 1293:1306 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 5 18 theme processing 711:720 arg1 conditions 722:731 different processing conditions 701:731 different processing conditions 701:731 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 5 19 theme different 701:709 arg1 conditions 722:731 different processing conditions 701:731 different processing conditions 701:731 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 1 20 theme Regenerative 102:113 arg1 medicine 115:122 Regenerative medicine 102:122 Regenerative medicine 102:122 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 3 21 theme nanofibers 484:493 arg1 development 448:458 the development 444:458 the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 444:538 This work elaborates the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 28962783 4 22 from study 552:556 arg1 formation 565:573 the formation 561:573 the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 561:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 4 23 theme aqueous 606:612 arg1 mixtures 614:621 aqueous mixtures 606:621 aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 606:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 0 24 theme polysaccharide 12:25 arg1 composites 42:51 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites 0:51 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 0:100 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 28962783 9 25 with testing 1197:1203 arg1 osteoblasts 1246:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 2 26 theme nanofiber 344:352 arg1 composites 354:363 nanofiber composites 344:363 nanofiber composites 344:363 In many instances nanofiber composites have already shown their potential for such applications. 28962783 9 27 theme significant 1268:1278 arg1 reduction 1280:1288 no significant reduction 1265:1288 no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide 1265:1388 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 3 28 theme polysaccharide 463:476 arg1 nanofibers 484:493 polysaccharide based nanofibers 463:493 polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 463:538 This work elaborates the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 28962783 0 29 theme Nanofibrous 0:10 arg1 composites 42:51 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites 0:51 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 0:100 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 28962783 4 30 theme carboxymethyl 626:638 arg1 oxide 663:667 carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 626:667 carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 626:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 5 31 theme spinning 737:744 arg1 properties 755:764 spinning solution properties 737:764 spinning solution properties 737:764 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 3 32 theme based 478:482 arg1 nanofibers 484:493 polysaccharide based nanofibers 463:493 polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 463:538 This work elaborates the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 28962783 2 33 theme many 329:332 arg1 instances 334:342 many instances 329:342 many instances 329:342 In many instances nanofiber composites have already shown their potential for such applications. 28962783 0 34 theme hydroxyapatite 27:40 arg1 composites 42:51 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites 0:51 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 0:100 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 28962783 1 35 theme nutrients 315:323 arg1 exchange 303:310 the exchange 299:310 the exchange of nutrients 299:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 9 36 theme developed 1316:1324 arg1 materials 1326:1334 the developed materials 1312:1334 the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide 1312:1388 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 8 37 theme nanofiber 1049:1057 arg1 webs 1059:1062 The nanofiber webs 1045:1062 The nanofiber webs 1045:1062 The nanofiber webs were thoroughly investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition and inorganic content. 28962783 7 38 theme alkenyl 977:983 arg1 anhydride 994:1002 alkenyl succinic anhydride 977:1002 alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) 977:1008 Nanofibers were additionally hydrophobized with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) to render them insoluble in water. 28962783 7 38 theme alkenyl 977:983 arg1 ASA 1005:1007 ASA 1005:1007 ASA 1005:1007 Nanofibers were additionally hydrophobized with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) to render them insoluble in water. 28962783 4 39 from mixtures 614:621 arg1 formation 565:573 the formation 561:573 the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 561:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 4 39 from mixtures 614:621 arg1 nanofibres 590:599 electrospun nanofibres 578:599 electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 578:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 4 40 theme cellulose 640:648 arg1 oxide 663:667 carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 626:667 carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 626:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 9 41 link bone-derived 1233:1244 arg1 osteoblasts 1246:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 human bone-derived osteoblasts 1227:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 7 42 theme succinic 985:992 arg1 anhydride 994:1002 alkenyl succinic anhydride 977:1002 alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) 977:1008 Nanofibers were additionally hydrophobized with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) to render them insoluble in water. 28962783 7 42 theme succinic 985:992 arg1 ASA 1005:1007 ASA 1005:1007 ASA 1005:1007 Nanofibers were additionally hydrophobized with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) to render them insoluble in water. 28962783 3 43 theme integrated 500:509 arg1 nanoparticles 526:538 integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 500:538 integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 500:538 This work elaborates the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 28962783 0 44 with composites 42:51 arg1 biocompatibility 58:73 biocompatibility 58:73 biocompatibility 58:73 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 28962783 3 45 theme hydroxyapatite 511:524 arg1 nanoparticles 526:538 integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 500:538 integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 500:538 This work elaborates the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 28962783 0 46 theme human 83:87 arg1 osteoblasts 89:99 human osteoblasts 83:99 human osteoblasts 83:99 Nanofibrous polysaccharide hydroxyapatite composites with biocompatibility against human osteoblasts. 28962783 4 47 theme nanofibres 590:599 arg1 formation 565:573 the formation 561:573 the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide 561:667 A detailed study on the formation of electrospun nanofibres from aqueous mixtures of carboxymethyl cellulose polyethylene oxide was performed. 28962783 5 48 theme nozzle-less 774:784 arg1 device 802:807 a nozzle-less electrospinning device 772:807 a nozzle-less electrospinning device 772:807 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 9 49 from reduction 1280:1288 arg1 viability 1298:1306 cell viability 1293:1306 cell viability 1293:1306 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 9 50 theme dependent 1170:1178 arg1 testing 1197:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing 1165:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts 1165:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 5 51 theme electrospinning 786:800 arg1 device 802:807 a nozzle-less electrospinning device 772:807 a nozzle-less electrospinning device 772:807 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 5 52 theme conditions 722:731 arg1 influence 688:696 The influence 684:696 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device 684:807 The influence of different processing conditions and spinning solution properties using a nozzle-less electrospinning device was systematically studied. 28962783 6 53 theme hydroxyapatite 883:896 arg1 nanoparticles 898:910 hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 883:910 hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 883:910 Optimized parameters were used to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the fibers. 28962783 1 54 theme defined 146:152 arg1 materials 163:171 defined scaffold materials 146:171 defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients 146:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 9 55 theme biocompatibility 1180:1195 arg1 testing 1197:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing 1165:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts 1165:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 1 56 contain has 124:126 arg2 demand 135:140 a high demand 128:140 a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients 128:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 1 56 contain has 124:126 arg1 medicine 115:122 Regenerative medicine 102:122 Regenerative medicine 102:122 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 3 57 with nanofibers 484:493 arg1 nanoparticles 526:538 integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 500:538 integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles 500:538 This work elaborates the development of polysaccharide based nanofibers with integrated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. 28962783 8 58 theme chemical 1121:1128 arg1 composition 1130:1140 chemical composition 1121:1140 chemical composition 1121:1140 The nanofiber webs were thoroughly investigated with respect to morphology, chemical composition and inorganic content. 28962783 1 59 theme scaffold 154:161 arg1 materials 163:171 defined scaffold materials 146:171 defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients 146:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 1 60 theme high 130:133 arg1 demand 135:140 a high demand 128:140 a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients 128:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 7 61 from water 1038:1042 arg1 insoluble 1025:1033 insoluble 1025:1033 insoluble 1025:1033 Nanofibers were additionally hydrophobized with alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) to render them insoluble in water. 28962783 1 62 theme proper 252:257 arg1 structure 277:285 a proper three dimensional structure 250:285 a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients 250:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 28962783 10 63 theme collagen/apatite 1484:1499 arg1 matrix 1501:1506 a commercial collagen/apatite matrix 1471:1506 a commercial collagen/apatite matrix 1471:1506 Cells grown on hydrophobized materials show similar viability as those grown on a commercial collagen/apatite matrix. 28962783 2 64 theme such 404:407 arg1 applications 409:420 such applications 404:420 such applications 404:420 In many instances nanofiber composites have already shown their potential for such applications. 28962783 9 65 theme Time 1165:1168 arg1 testing 1197:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing 1165:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts 1165:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 9 66 theme carboxymethyl 1348:1360 arg1 cellulose/polyethyleneoxide 1362:1388 carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide 1348:1388 carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide 1348:1388 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 9 67 theme materials 1212:1220 arg1 testing 1197:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing 1165:1203 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts 1165:1256 Time dependent biocompatibility testing of the materials with human bone-derived osteoblasts showed no significant reduction in cell viability for the developed materials composed of carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethyleneoxide. 28962783 1 68 theme dimensional 265:275 arg1 structure 277:285 a proper three dimensional structure 250:285 a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients 250:323 Regenerative medicine has a high demand for defined scaffold materials that promote cell growth, stabilize the tissue during maturation and provide a proper three dimensional structure that allows the exchange of nutrients. 27917827 3 0 theme isomorphous 738:748 arg1 crystals 750:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals 712:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab 712:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 2 1 theme L1 647:648 arg1 region 678:683 the L1 complementarity-determining region 643:683 the L1 complementarity-determining region 643:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 3 2 theme elbow 823:827 arg1 angles 829:834 the elbow angles 819:834 the elbow angles 819:834 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 3 3 theme Fab 770:772 arg1 crystals 750:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals 712:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab 712:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 2 4 theme core 597:600 arg1 glycan 622:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan 587:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region 587:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 5 theme α-1-6 591:595 arg1 glycan 622:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan 587:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region 587:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 4 6 from sufficient 982:991 arg1 addition 932:939 addition 932:939 addition 932:939 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 6 7 theme surface 1401:1407 arg1 calculations 1409:1420 buried surface calculations 1394:1420 buried surface calculations 1394:1420 Improvements to the PDB validation reports affecting ligands, clashscore and buried surface calculations are suggested. 27917827 6 8 theme PDB 1337:1339 arg1 reports 1352:1358 the PDB validation reports 1333:1358 the PDB validation reports affecting ligands 1333:1376 Improvements to the PDB validation reports affecting ligands, clashscore and buried surface calculations are suggested. 27917827 2 9 theme complex 614:620 arg1 glycan 622:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan 587:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region 587:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 1 10 theme human 247:251 arg1 afamin 266:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 10 theme human 247:251 arg1 member 276:281 a member 274:281 a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins 274:399 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 11 theme crystallographic 64:79 arg1 re-sequencing 81:93 crystallographic re-sequencing 64:93 crystallographic re-sequencing 64:93 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 3 12 theme antigen 912:918 arg1 binding 920:926 antigen binding 912:926 antigen binding 912:926 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 4 13 theme hybridoma-derived 1095:1111 arg1 sequence 1113:1120 the hybridoma-derived sequence 1091:1120 the hybridoma-derived sequence 1091:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 1 14 theme glycoprotein 253:264 arg1 afamin 266:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 14 theme glycoprotein 253:264 arg1 member 276:281 a member 274:281 a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins 274:399 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 15 theme molecular 96:104 arg1 plasticity 106:115 molecular plasticity 96:115 molecular plasticity 96:115 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 2 16 theme loop 576:579 arg1 onset 543:547 the onset 539:547 the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop 539:579 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 4 17 dep sufficient 982:991 arg1 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 17 dep sufficient 982:991 arg1 re-sequence 1017:1027 re-sequence 1017:1027 to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains 993:1058 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 17 dep sufficient 982:991 arg1 quality 950:956 the map quality 942:956 the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution 942:976 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 17 dep sufficient 982:991 arg1 detect 1067:1072 detect 1067:1072 to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence 1064:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 1 18 theme monoclonal 169:178 arg1 antibody 180:187 The monoclonal antibody 165:187 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 3 19 theme N14 766:768 arg1 Fab 770:772 the N14 Fab 762:772 the N14 Fab 762:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 2 20 theme antigen-binding 560:574 arg1 loop 576:579 the VL1 antigen-binding loop 552:579 the VL1 antigen-binding loop 552:579 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 6 21 theme buried 1394:1399 arg1 calculations 1409:1420 buried surface calculations 1394:1420 buried surface calculations 1394:1420 Improvements to the PDB validation reports affecting ligands, clashscore and buried surface calculations are suggested. 27917827 1 22 theme antibody 180:187 arg1 N14 189:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 22 theme antibody 180:187 arg1 antibody 216:223 a detection antibody 204:223 a detection antibody in ELISA kits 204:237 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 23 theme N14 4:6 arg1 Fab 29:31 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab 0:31 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 0:163 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 3 24 theme crystal 690:696 arg1 structures 698:707 The crystal structures 686:707 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab 686:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 2 25 theme VL1 556:558 arg1 loop 576:579 the VL1 antigen-binding loop 552:579 the VL1 antigen-binding loop 552:579 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 1 26 theme metabolic 422:430 arg1 syndrome 432:439 metabolic syndrome 422:439 metabolic syndrome 422:439 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 2 27 dep region 678:683 arg1 out 636:638 out 636:638 out 636:638 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 4 28 from discrepancies 1074:1086 arg1 sequence 1113:1120 the hybridoma-derived sequence 1091:1120 the hybridoma-derived sequence 1091:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 5 29 theme parsimonious 1157:1168 arg1 model 1170:1174 a conservatively refined parsimonious model 1132:1174 a conservatively refined parsimonious model 1132:1174 Finally, a conservatively refined parsimonious model is presented and its statistics are compared with those from a less conservatively built model that has been modelled more enthusiastically. 27917827 1 30 gly glycoprotein 253:264 arg1 glycoprotein 253:264 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 31 theme antibody 20:27 arg1 Fab 29:31 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab 0:31 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 0:163 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 2 32 theme fucosylated 602:612 arg1 glycan 622:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan 587:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region 587:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 0 33 dep Fab 29:31 arg1 glycosylation 49:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 0 33 dep Fab 29:31 arg1 modelling 154:162 conservative versus enthusiastic modelling 121:162 conservative versus enthusiastic modelling 121:162 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 0 33 dep Fab 29:31 arg1 plasticity 106:115 molecular plasticity 96:115 molecular plasticity 96:115 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 0 33 dep Fab 29:31 arg1 re-sequencing 81:93 crystallographic re-sequencing 64:93 crystallographic re-sequencing 64:93 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 6 34 theme validation 1341:1350 arg1 reports 1352:1358 the PDB validation reports 1333:1358 the PDB validation reports affecting ligands 1333:1376 Improvements to the PDB validation reports affecting ligands, clashscore and buried surface calculations are suggested. 27917827 4 35 theme VH 1049:1050 arg1 domains 1052:1058 the variable VL and VH domains 1029:1058 domains 1052:1058 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 0 36 theme anti-afamin 8:18 arg1 Fab 29:31 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab 0:31 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 0:163 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 2 37 theme N14 500:502 arg1 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 37 theme N14 500:502 arg1 Fab 504:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 5 38 theme refined 1149:1155 arg1 model 1170:1174 a conservatively refined parsimonious model 1132:1174 a conservatively refined parsimonious model 1132:1174 Finally, a conservatively refined parsimonious model is presented and its statistics are compared with those from a less conservatively built model that has been modelled more enthusiastically. 27917827 2 39 from onset 543:547 arg1 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 39 from onset 543:547 arg1 Fab 504:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 4 40 from addition 932:939 arg1 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 40 from addition 932:939 arg1 quality 950:956 the map quality 942:956 the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution 942:976 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 40 from addition 932:939 arg1 detect 1067:1072 detect 1067:1072 to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence 1064:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 40 from addition 932:939 arg1 re-sequence 1017:1027 re-sequence 1017:1027 to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains 993:1058 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 41 link hybridoma-derived 1095:1111 arg1 sequence 1113:1120 the hybridoma-derived sequence 1091:1120 the hybridoma-derived sequence 1091:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 0 42 theme conservative 121:132 arg1 modelling 154:162 conservative versus enthusiastic modelling 121:162 conservative versus enthusiastic modelling 121:162 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 1 43 dep capture 348:354 arg1 the 344:346 the 344:346 the 344:346 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 44 theme papillary 445:453 arg1 carcinoma 463:471 papillary thyroid carcinoma 445:471 papillary thyroid carcinoma 445:471 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 45 theme detection 206:214 arg1 N14 189:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 45 theme detection 206:214 arg1 antibody 216:223 a detection antibody 204:223 a detection antibody in ELISA kits 204:237 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 46 theme rare 36:39 arg1 glycosylation 49:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 3 47 theme pseudo 730:735 arg1 crystals 750:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals 712:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab 712:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 4 48 from resolution 967:976 arg1 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 48 from resolution 967:976 arg1 quality 950:956 the map quality 942:956 the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution 942:976 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 48 from resolution 967:976 arg1 detect 1067:1072 detect 1067:1072 to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence 1064:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 48 from resolution 967:976 arg1 re-sequence 1017:1027 re-sequence 1017:1027 to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains 993:1058 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 2 49 theme rare 479:482 arg1 occurrence 484:493 a rare occurrence 477:493 a rare occurrence 477:493 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 1 50 theme thyroid 455:461 arg1 carcinoma 463:471 papillary thyroid carcinoma 445:471 papillary thyroid carcinoma 445:471 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 4 51 theme map 946:948 arg1 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 sufficient 982:991 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 51 theme map 946:948 arg1 quality 950:956 the map quality 942:956 the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution 942:976 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 51 theme map 946:948 arg1 detect 1067:1072 detect 1067:1072 to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence 1064:1120 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 51 theme map 946:948 arg1 re-sequence 1017:1027 re-sequence 1017:1027 to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains 993:1058 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 1 52 theme albumin 290:296 arg1 family 298:303 the albumin family 286:303 the albumin family 286:303 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 53 theme enthusiastic 141:152 arg1 modelling 154:162 conservative versus enthusiastic modelling 121:162 conservative versus enthusiastic modelling 121:162 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 1 54 theme Wnt 377:379 arg1 proteins 392:399 Wnt signalling proteins 377:399 Wnt signalling proteins 377:399 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 55 used used 196:199 arg2 antibody 216:223 a detection antibody 204:223 a detection antibody in ELISA kits 204:237 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 55 used used 196:199 arg2 N14 189:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 165:191 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 3 56 theme domain 890:895 arg1 movements 897:905 domain movements 890:905 domain movements 890:905 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 4 57 theme 1.9 Å 961:965 arg1 resolution 967:976 1.9 Å resolution 961:976 1.9 Å resolution 961:976 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 4 58 theme variable 1033:1040 arg1 VL 1042:1043 the variable VL and VH domains 1029:1058 VL 1042:1043 In addition, the map quality at 1.9 Å resolution was sufficient to crystallographically re-sequence the variable VL and VH domains and to detect discrepancies in the hybridoma-derived sequence. 27917827 1 59 theme family 298:303 arg1 afamin 266:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 the human glycoprotein afamin 243:271 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 59 theme family 298:303 arg1 member 276:281 a member 274:281 a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins 274:399 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 60 from antibody 216:223 arg1 kits 234:237 ELISA kits 228:237 ELISA kits 228:237 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 61 theme signalling 381:390 arg1 proteins 392:399 Wnt signalling proteins 377:399 Wnt signalling proteins 377:399 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 3 62 theme movements 897:905 arg1 overinterpretation 868:885 the overinterpretation 864:885 the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding 864:926 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 3 63 theme crystals 750:757 arg1 structures 698:707 The crystal structures 686:707 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab 686:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 3 64 theme non-apparent 716:727 arg1 crystals 750:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals 712:757 two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab 712:772 The crystal structures of two non-apparent (pseudo) isomorphous crystals of the N14 Fab were analyzed, which differ significantly in the elbow angles, thereby cautioning against the overinterpretation of domain movements upon antigen binding. 27917827 1 65 theme proteins 392:399 arg1 stabilization 360:372 stabilization 360:372 stabilization 360:372 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 65 theme proteins 392:399 arg1 capture 348:354 capture 348:354 capture 348:354 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 2 66 gly N-glycosylated 511:524 arg2 Asn26L 529:534 Asn26L 529:534 Asn26L 529:534 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 66 gly N-glycosylated 511:524 arg1 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 66 gly N-glycosylated 511:524 arg1 Fab 504:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 66 gly N-glycosylated 511:524 arg2 onset 543:547 the onset 539:547 the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop 539:579 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 0 67 theme CDR 45:47 arg1 glycosylation 49:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 2 68 with N-glycosylated 511:524 arg1 glycan 622:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan 587:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region 587:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 5 69 theme built 1259:1263 arg1 model 1265:1269 a less conservatively built model 1237:1269 a less conservatively built model that has been modelled more enthusiastically 1237:1314 Finally, a conservatively refined parsimonious model is presented and its statistics are compared with those from a less conservatively built model that has been modelled more enthusiastically. 27917827 1 70 theme ELISA 228:232 arg1 kits 234:237 ELISA kits 228:237 ELISA kits 228:237 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 0 71 theme VL1 41:43 arg1 glycosylation 49:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation 34:61 The N14 anti-afamin antibody Fab: a rare VL1 CDR glycosylation, crystallographic re-sequencing, molecular plasticity and conservative versus enthusiastic modelling. 27917827 1 72 from interest 332:339 arg1 stabilization 360:372 stabilization 360:372 stabilization 360:372 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 72 from interest 332:339 arg1 capture 348:354 capture 348:354 capture 348:354 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 2 73 theme complementarity-determining 650:676 arg1 region 678:683 the L1 complementarity-determining region 643:683 the L1 complementarity-determining region 643:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 1 74 from role 414:417 arg1 carcinoma 463:471 papillary thyroid carcinoma 445:471 papillary thyroid carcinoma 445:471 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 1 74 from role 414:417 arg1 syndrome 432:439 metabolic syndrome 422:439 metabolic syndrome 422:439 The monoclonal antibody N14 is used as a detection antibody in ELISA kits for the human glycoprotein afamin, a member of the albumin family, which has recently gained interest in the capture and stabilization of Wnt signalling proteins, and for its role in metabolic syndrome and papillary thyroid carcinoma. 27917827 2 75 from Asn26L 529:534 arg1 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 N-glycosylated 511:524 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 75 from Asn26L 529:534 arg1 Fab 504:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 the N14 Fab 496:506 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 27917827 2 76 gly fucosylated 602:612 arg1 glycan 622:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan 587:627 the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region 587:683 As a rare occurrence, the N14 Fab is N-glycosylated at Asn26L at the onset of the VL1 antigen-binding loop, with the α-1-6 core fucosylated complex glycan facing out of the L1 complementarity-determining region. 28091666 4 0 theme periodate 671:679 arg1 oxidation 681:689 periodate oxidation 671:689 periodate oxidation 671:689 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 2 1 theme acceptor 403:410 arg1 use 345:347 The use 341:347 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 341:410 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 0 2 theme glucuronide 91:101 arg1 cleavage 65:72 cleavage 65:72 cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation 65:135 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 2 3 theme GlcA-pNP 394:401 arg1 acceptor 403:410 an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 352:410 an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 352:410 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 3 4 theme non-reducing 637:648 arg1 ends 650:653 its reducing and non-reducing ends 620:653 its reducing and non-reducing ends 620:653 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 3 5 from ends 650:653 arg1 residues 608:615 gluconic acid residues 594:615 gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends 594:653 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 1 6 theme p-nitrophenyl 303:315 arg1 GlcA-pNP 330:337 GlcA-pNP 330:337 GlcA-pNP 330:337 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 1 6 theme p-nitrophenyl 303:315 arg1 acceptor 293:300 an unnatural glycosyl acceptor 271:300 an unnatural glycosyl acceptor 271:300 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 1 6 theme p-nitrophenyl 303:315 arg1 glucuronide 317:327 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide 303:327 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP) 303:338 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 3 7 theme acid 603:606 arg1 residues 608:615 gluconic acid residues 594:615 gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends 594:653 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 4 8 theme heparin 858:864 arg1 pentasaccharides 866:881 highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides 842:881 highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 842:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 4 9 theme residues 823:830 arg1 cleavage 771:778 the selective cleavage 757:778 the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 757:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 4 10 theme sulfated 849:856 arg1 pentasaccharides 866:881 highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides 842:881 highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 842:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 3 11 theme reducing 624:631 arg1 ends 650:653 its reducing and non-reducing ends 620:653 its reducing and non-reducing ends 620:653 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 5 12 theme unmodified 1047:1056 arg1 structures 1058:1067 unmodified structures 1047:1067 unmodified structures for biological evaluation 1047:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 3 13 theme Oligosaccharide 513:527 arg1 extension 535:543 Oligosaccharide chain extension 513:543 Oligosaccharide chain extension 513:543 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 0 14 theme Smith 119:123 arg1 degradation 125:135 Smith degradation 119:135 Smith degradation 119:135 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 3 15 with heptasaccharide 573:587 arg1 residues 608:615 gluconic acid residues 594:615 gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends 594:653 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 3 16 theme chain 529:533 arg1 extension 535:543 Oligosaccharide chain extension 513:543 Oligosaccharide chain extension 513:543 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 1 17 contain having 164:169 arg2 structure 192:200 a completely natural structure 171:200 a completely natural structure 171:200 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 1 17 contain having 164:169 arg1 oligosaccharide 148:162 A heparin oligosaccharide 138:162 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure 138:200 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 4 18 theme diol-containing 791:805 arg1 residues 823:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues 783:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 783:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 0 19 theme Chemoenzymatic 0:13 arg1 synthesis 15:23 Chemoenzymatic synthesis 0:23 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 0:62 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 5 20 theme oligosaccharides 1025:1040 arg1 family 991:996 a family 989:996 a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation 989:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 5 21 theme biological 1073:1082 arg1 evaluation 1084:1093 biological evaluation 1073:1093 biological evaluation 1073:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 4 22 theme vicinal 783:789 arg1 residues 823:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues 783:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 783:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 0 23 theme unmodified 28:37 arg1 oligosaccharides 47:62 unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 28:62 unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 28:62 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 5 24 theme sulfated 1008:1015 arg1 oligosaccharides 1025:1040 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides 1001:1040 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation 1001:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 4 25 theme natural 903:909 arg1 structure 911:919 a completely natural structure 890:919 a completely natural structure 890:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 2 26 theme chemoenzymatic 487:500 arg1 synthesis 502:510 chemoenzymatic synthesis 487:510 chemoenzymatic synthesis 487:510 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 5 27 theme family 991:996 arg1 synthesis 976:984 the chemoenzymatic synthesis 957:984 the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation 957:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 4 28 contain having 883:888 arg2 structure 911:919 a completely natural structure 890:919 a completely natural structure 890:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 4 28 contain having 883:888 arg1 pentasaccharides 866:881 highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides 842:881 highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 842:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 4 29 with Treatment 656:664 arg1 oxidation 681:689 periodate oxidation 671:689 periodate oxidation 671:689 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 1 30 theme natural 184:190 arg1 structure 192:200 a completely natural structure 171:200 a completely natural structure 171:200 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 4 31 theme acid 818:821 arg1 residues 823:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues 783:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 783:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 0 32 theme oligosaccharides 47:62 arg1 synthesis 15:23 Chemoenzymatic synthesis 0:23 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 0:62 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 4 33 theme selective 761:769 arg1 cleavage 771:778 the selective cleavage 757:778 the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 757:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 0 34 dep cleavage 65:72 arg1 synthesis 15:23 Chemoenzymatic synthesis 0:23 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 0:62 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 1 35 theme chemoenzymatic 241:254 arg1 approach 256:263 a chemoenzymatic approach 239:263 a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP) 239:338 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 0 36 theme heparin 39:45 arg1 oligosaccharides 47:62 unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 28:62 unmodified heparin oligosaccharides 28:62 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 2 37 theme C-18 469:472 arg1 resin 474:478 C-18 resin 469:478 C-18 resin 469:478 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 2 38 theme available 384:392 arg1 acceptor 403:410 an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 352:410 an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 352:410 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 5 39 theme chemoenzymatic 961:974 arg1 synthesis 976:984 the chemoenzymatic synthesis 957:984 the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation 957:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 3 40 theme gluconic 594:601 arg1 residues 608:615 gluconic acid residues 594:615 gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends 594:653 Oligosaccharide chain extension and modification afforded a heptasaccharide with gluconic acid residues at its reducing and non-reducing ends. 28091666 5 41 with oligosaccharides 1025:1040 arg1 structures 1058:1067 unmodified structures 1047:1067 unmodified structures for biological evaluation 1047:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 1 42 theme heparin 140:146 arg1 oligosaccharide 148:162 A heparin oligosaccharide 138:162 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure 138:200 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 2 43 theme inexpensive 355:365 arg1 acceptor 403:410 an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 352:410 an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor 352:410 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 0 44 theme p-nitrophenyl 77:89 arg1 glucuronide 91:101 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide 77:101 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide 77:101 Chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified heparin oligosaccharides: cleavage of p-nitrophenyl glucuronide by alkaline and Smith degradation. 28091666 5 45 theme heparin 1017:1023 arg1 oligosaccharides 1025:1040 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides 1001:1040 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation 1001:1093 This methodology should facilitate the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a family of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides with unmodified structures for biological evaluation. 28091666 2 46 theme oligosaccharide 424:438 arg1 recovery 440:447 oligosaccharide recovery 424:447 oligosaccharide recovery 424:447 The use of an inexpensive and commercially available GlcA-pNP acceptor facilitates oligosaccharide recovery and purification on C-18 resin during chemoenzymatic synthesis. 28091666 1 47 theme unnatural 274:282 arg1 acceptor 293:300 an unnatural glycosyl acceptor 271:300 an unnatural glycosyl acceptor 271:300 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 1 47 theme unnatural 274:282 arg1 glucuronide 317:327 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide 303:327 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP) 303:338 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 4 48 theme Smith 703:707 arg1 degradation 709:719 Smith degradation 703:719 Smith degradation 703:719 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 4 49 theme alkaline 724:731 arg1 elimination 733:743 alkaline elimination 724:743 alkaline elimination 724:743 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 4 50 theme glucuronic 807:816 arg1 residues 823:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues 783:830 vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure 783:919 Treatment with periodate oxidation followed by Smith degradation or alkaline elimination resulted in the selective cleavage of vicinal diol-containing glucuronic acid residues affording highly sulfated heparin pentasaccharides having a completely natural structure. 28091666 1 51 theme glycosyl 284:291 arg1 acceptor 293:300 an unnatural glycosyl acceptor 271:300 an unnatural glycosyl acceptor 271:300 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 28091666 1 51 theme glycosyl 284:291 arg1 glucuronide 317:327 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide 303:327 p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP) 303:338 A heparin oligosaccharide having a completely natural structure was successfully synthesized through a chemoenzymatic approach using an unnatural glycosyl acceptor, p-nitrophenyl glucuronide (GlcA-pNP). 25786064 5 0 theme KCA 911:913 arg1 activity 899:906 the activity 895:906 the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways 895:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 9 1 theme complement 1609:1618 arg1 pathway 1620:1626 the complement pathway 1605:1626 the complement pathway 1605:1626 In conclusion, polysaccharides from K. crassifolia may be good candidates for the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway. 25786064 0 2 from analysis 11:18 arg1 crsaaifolia 87:97 crsaaifolia 87:97 crsaaifolia 87:97 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 2 3 theme minor 379:383 arg1 components 385:394 minor components 379:394 minor components 379:394 Composition analysis showed that these polysaccharides predominantly consisted of fucose, with galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid as minor components. 25786064 7 4 theme lower 1221:1225 arg1 levels 1236:1241 lower activity levels 1221:1241 lower activity levels 1221:1241 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 2 5 theme Composition 242:252 arg1 analysis 254:261 Composition analysis 242:261 Composition analysis 242:261 Composition analysis showed that these polysaccharides predominantly consisted of fucose, with galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid as minor components. 25786064 8 6 dep fractions 1374:1382 arg1 ds-DKCW 1397:1403 ds-DKCW 1397:1403 ds-DKCW 1397:1403 Moreover, the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) showed less or no activity, which confirmed that sulfate was important for activity. 25786064 8 6 dep fractions 1374:1382 arg1 ds-DKCA 1385:1391 ds-DKCA 1385:1391 ds-DKCA 1385:1391 Moreover, the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) showed less or no activity, which confirmed that sulfate was important for activity. 25786064 8 6 dep fractions 1374:1382 arg1 fractions 1374:1382 the desulfated fractions 1359:1382 the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) 1359:1404 Moreover, the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) showed less or no activity, which confirmed that sulfate was important for activity. 25786064 6 7 theme extraction 1110:1119 arg1 method 1100:1105 the method 1096:1105 the method of extraction 1096:1119 The activity of KCA was found to be similar to KCW, suggesting that the method of extraction did not influence the activity. 25786064 7 8 theme molecular 1305:1313 arg1 weight 1315:1320 molecular weight 1305:1320 molecular weight 1305:1320 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 6 9 theme KCA 1044:1046 arg1 similar 1064:1070 similar 1064:1070 similar 1064:1070 The activity of KCA was found to be similar to KCW, suggesting that the method of extraction did not influence the activity. 25786064 6 9 theme KCA 1044:1046 arg1 activity 1032:1039 The activity 1028:1039 The activity of KCA 1028:1046 The activity of KCA was found to be similar to KCW, suggesting that the method of extraction did not influence the activity. 25786064 7 10 theme activity 1227:1234 arg1 levels 1236:1241 lower activity levels 1221:1241 lower activity levels 1221:1241 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 4 11 dep spectrometry 841:852 arg1 ESI-CID-MS3 871:881 ESI-CID-MS3 871:881 ESI-CID-MS3 871:881 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 4 11 dep spectrometry 841:852 arg1 ESI-CID-MS2 855:865 ESI-CID-MS2 855:865 ESI-CID-MS2 855:865 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 5 12 theme pathways 1003:1010 arg1 activity 945:952 the hemolytic activity 931:952 the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways 931:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 9 13 theme good 1549:1552 arg1 candidates 1554:1563 good candidates 1549:1563 good candidates for the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway 1549:1626 In conclusion, polysaccharides from K. crassifolia may be good candidates for the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway. 25786064 4 14 theme dissociation 816:827 arg1 spectrometry 841:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry 774:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3) 774:882 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 4 15 theme ionization 787:796 arg1 spectrometry 841:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry 774:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3) 774:882 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 0 16 theme polysaccharides 52:66 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 0 16 theme polysaccharides 52:66 arg1 activity 40:47 anti-complement activity 24:47 anti-complement activity 24:47 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 5 17 theme KCW 919:921 arg1 activity 899:906 the activity 895:906 the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways 895:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 3 18 theme sulfated 588:595 arg1 galactofucooligosaccharides 597:623 sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides 588:623 sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides 588:623 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 1 19 theme dilute 192:197 arg1 acid 212:215 dilute hydrochloric acid 192:215 dilute hydrochloric acid 192:215 Two polysaccharides, named KCA and KCW, were extracted from Kjellmaniella crassifolia using dilute hydrochloric acid and water, respectively. 25786064 3 20 theme partial 419:425 arg1 desulfation 427:437 partial desulfation 419:437 partial desulfation 419:437 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 0 21 from activity 40:47 arg1 crsaaifolia 87:97 crsaaifolia 87:97 crsaaifolia 87:97 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 7 22 dep polysaccharides 1258:1272 arg1 polysaccharides 1258:1272 the crude polysaccharides 1248:1272 the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW) 1248:1286 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 22 dep polysaccharides 1258:1272 arg1 KCW 1283:1285 KCW 1283:1285 KCW 1283:1285 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 22 dep polysaccharides 1258:1272 arg1 KCA 1275:1277 KCA 1275:1277 KCA 1275:1277 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 1 23 dep Kjellmaniella 160:172 arg1 crassifolia 174:184 Kjellmaniella crassifolia 160:184 Kjellmaniella crassifolia 160:184 Two polysaccharides, named KCA and KCW, were extracted from Kjellmaniella crassifolia using dilute hydrochloric acid and water, respectively. 25786064 1 24 theme hydrochloric 199:210 arg1 acid 212:215 dilute hydrochloric acid 192:215 dilute hydrochloric acid 192:215 Two polysaccharides, named KCA and KCW, were extracted from Kjellmaniella crassifolia using dilute hydrochloric acid and water, respectively. 25786064 0 25 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 3 26 theme mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated 650:677 arg1 fucooligosaccharides 679:698 mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides 650:698 mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides 650:698 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 4 27 theme collision-induced 798:814 arg1 spectrometry 841:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry 774:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3) 774:882 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 0 28 theme anti-complement 24:38 arg1 activity 40:47 anti-complement activity 24:47 anti-complement activity 24:47 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 3 29 theme methyl 629:634 arg1 glycosides 636:645 methyl glycosides 629:645 methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides 629:698 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 5 30 theme classical 966:974 arg1 pathways 1003:1010 both the classical and alternative complement pathways 957:1010 pathways 1003:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 3 31 theme sulfated 557:564 arg1 fucooligosaccharides 566:585 sulfated fucooligosaccharides 557:585 sulfated fucooligosaccharides 557:585 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 32 theme ionization 453:462 arg1 ESI-MS 483:488 ESI-MS 483:488 ESI-MS 483:488 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 32 theme ionization 453:462 arg1 spectrometry 469:480 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 440:480 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 440:489 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 7 33 theme degraded 1170:1177 arg1 polysaccharides 1179:1193 the degraded polysaccharides 1166:1193 the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) 1166:1209 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 33 theme degraded 1170:1177 arg1 DKCW 1205:1208 DKCW 1205:1208 DKCW 1205:1208 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 33 theme degraded 1170:1177 arg1 DKCA 1196:1199 DKCA 1196:1199 DKCA 1196:1199 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 5 34 theme alternative 980:990 arg1 pathways 1003:1010 both the classical and alternative complement pathways 957:1010 pathways 1003:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 3 35 theme mass 464:467 arg1 ESI-MS 483:488 ESI-MS 483:488 ESI-MS 483:488 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 35 theme mass 464:467 arg1 spectrometry 469:480 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 440:480 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 440:489 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 0 36 from crsaaifolia 87:97 arg1 polysaccharides 52:66 polysaccharides 52:66 polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia 52:97 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 0 36 from crsaaifolia 87:97 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 0 36 from crsaaifolia 87:97 arg1 activity 40:47 anti-complement activity 24:47 anti-complement activity 24:47 Structural analysis and anti-complement activity of polysaccharides from Kjellmaniella crsaaifolia. 25786064 9 37 from candidates 1554:1563 arg1 conclusion 1494:1503 conclusion 1494:1503 conclusion 1494:1503 In conclusion, polysaccharides from K. crassifolia may be good candidates for the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway. 25786064 5 38 theme complement 992:1001 arg1 pathways 1003:1010 both the classical and alternative complement pathways 957:1010 pathways 1003:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 5 39 theme hemolytic 935:943 arg1 activity 945:952 the hemolytic activity 931:952 the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways 931:1010 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 3 40 theme fucooligosaccharides 679:698 arg1 galactofucooligosaccharides 597:623 sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides 588:623 sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides 588:623 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 40 theme fucooligosaccharides 679:698 arg1 glycosides 636:645 methyl glycosides 629:645 methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides 629:698 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 40 theme fucooligosaccharides 679:698 arg1 fucooligosaccharides 566:585 sulfated fucooligosaccharides 557:585 sulfated fucooligosaccharides 557:585 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 41 theme electrospray 440:451 arg1 ESI-MS 483:488 ESI-MS 483:488 ESI-MS 483:488 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 3 41 theme electrospray 440:451 arg1 spectrometry 469:480 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 440:480 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 440:489 After degradation and partial desulfation, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed, which showed that the polysaccharides consisted of sulfated fucooligosaccharides, sulfated galactofucooligosaccharides and methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated/multi-sulfated fucooligosaccharides. 25786064 5 42 dep pathways 1003:1010 arg1 both 957:960 both 957:960 both 957:960 Moreover, the activity of KCA and KCW against the hemolytic activity of both the classical and alternative complement pathways was determined. 25786064 9 43 from crassifolia 1530:1540 arg1 polysaccharides 1506:1520 polysaccharides 1506:1520 polysaccharides from K. crassifolia 1506:1540 In conclusion, polysaccharides from K. crassifolia may be good candidates for the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway. 25786064 7 44 theme crude 1252:1256 arg1 polysaccharides 1258:1272 the crude polysaccharides 1248:1272 the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW) 1248:1286 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 44 theme crude 1252:1256 arg1 KCW 1283:1285 KCW 1283:1285 KCW 1283:1285 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 44 theme crude 1252:1256 arg1 KCA 1275:1277 KCA 1275:1277 KCA 1275:1277 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 2 45 theme glucuronic 360:369 arg1 acid 371:374 glucuronic acid 360:374 glucuronic acid 360:374 Composition analysis showed that these polysaccharides predominantly consisted of fucose, with galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid as minor components. 25786064 7 46 contain had 1322:1324 arg2 effect 1329:1334 an effect 1326:1334 an effect 1326:1334 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 46 contain had 1322:1324 arg1 weight 1315:1320 molecular weight 1305:1320 molecular weight 1305:1320 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 9 47 theme diseases 1586:1593 arg1 treatment 1573:1581 the treatment 1569:1581 the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway 1569:1626 In conclusion, polysaccharides from K. crassifolia may be good candidates for the treatment of diseases involving the complement pathway. 25786064 8 48 theme desulfated 1363:1372 arg1 ds-DKCW 1397:1403 ds-DKCW 1397:1403 ds-DKCW 1397:1403 Moreover, the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) showed less or no activity, which confirmed that sulfate was important for activity. 25786064 8 48 theme desulfated 1363:1372 arg1 ds-DKCA 1385:1391 ds-DKCA 1385:1391 ds-DKCA 1385:1391 Moreover, the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) showed less or no activity, which confirmed that sulfate was important for activity. 25786064 8 48 theme desulfated 1363:1372 arg1 fractions 1374:1382 the desulfated fractions 1359:1382 the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) 1359:1404 Moreover, the desulfated fractions (ds-DKCA and ds-DKCW) showed less or no activity, which confirmed that sulfate was important for activity. 25786064 4 49 theme mass 836:839 arg1 spectrometry 841:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry 774:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3) 774:882 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 4 50 theme electrospray 774:785 arg1 spectrometry 841:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry 774:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3) 774:882 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 4 51 theme fragments 734:742 arg1 structures 705:714 The structures 701:714 The structures of the oligomeric fragments 701:742 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 7 52 dep polysaccharides 1179:1193 arg1 polysaccharides 1179:1193 the degraded polysaccharides 1166:1193 the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) 1166:1209 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 52 dep polysaccharides 1179:1193 arg1 DKCW 1205:1208 DKCW 1205:1208 DKCW 1205:1208 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 7 52 dep polysaccharides 1179:1193 arg1 DKCA 1196:1199 DKCA 1196:1199 DKCA 1196:1199 In addition, the degraded polysaccharides (DKCA and DKCW) displayed lower activity levels than the crude polysaccharides (KCA and KCW), indicating that molecular weight had an effect on activity. 25786064 4 53 theme tandem 829:834 arg1 spectrometry 841:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry 774:852 electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3) 774:882 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 25786064 4 54 theme oligomeric 723:732 arg1 fragments 734:742 the oligomeric fragments 719:742 the oligomeric fragments 719:742 The structures of the oligomeric fragments were further characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS2 and ESI-CID-MS3). 29109478 8 0 theme native 1287:1292 arg1 communities 1317:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities 1287:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology 1287:1383 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 8 1 from dynamics 1275:1282 arg1 communities 1317:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities 1287:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology 1287:1383 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 8 2 theme biomass-deconstructing 1294:1315 arg1 communities 1317:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities 1287:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology 1287:1383 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 1 3 theme tractable 181:189 arg1 communities 151:161 low-complexity communities 136:161 low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics 136:229 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 1 3 theme tractable 181:189 arg1 models 191:196 tractable models 181:196 tractable models 181:196 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 2 4 with consistent 365:374 arg1 definition 385:394 the definition 381:394 the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession 381:436 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 5 5 theme cellulase 821:829 arg1 complexes 831:839 cellulase complexes 821:839 cellulase complexes 821:839 Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans' multidomain GHs assembled into cellulase complexes through glycosylation. 29109478 2 6 theme succession 427:436 arg1 definition 385:394 the definition 381:394 the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession 381:436 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 6 7 theme cellulose 943:951 arg1 hydrolysis 953:962 enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis 933:962 enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis 933:962 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 2 8 theme consistent 365:374 arg1 dynamics 356:363 community dynamics 346:363 community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession 346:436 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 6 9 contain have 898:901 arg1 complexes 888:896 These remarkably stable complexes 864:896 These remarkably stable complexes 864:896 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 6 9 contain have 898:901 arg2 structures 918:927 supramolecular structures 903:927 supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes 903:998 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 6 10 theme enzymatic 933:941 arg1 hydrolysis 953:962 enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis 933:962 enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis 933:962 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 2 11 theme community 346:354 arg1 dynamics 356:363 community dynamics 346:363 community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession 346:436 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 4 12 from cultivation 671:681 arg1 activity 646:653 the soluble cellulase activity 624:653 the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 624:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 4 12 from cultivation 671:681 arg1 Purification 608:619 Purification 608:619 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 608:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 2 13 theme heterotrophic 413:425 arg1 succession 427:436 an endogenous heterotrophic succession 399:436 an endogenous heterotrophic succession 399:436 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 6 14 from cellulosomes 987:998 arg1 distinct 973:980 distinct 973:980 distinct 973:980 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 0 15 theme bacterial 2:10 arg1 pioneer 12:18 A bacterial pioneer 0:18 A bacterial pioneer 0:18 A bacterial pioneer produces cellulase complexes that persist through community succession. 29109478 8 16 theme GHs 1221:1223 arg1 provision 1194:1202 The provision 1190:1202 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods 1190:1239 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 6 17 theme supramolecular 903:916 arg1 structures 918:927 supramolecular structures 903:927 supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes 903:998 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 3 18 contain containing 557:566 arg2 GHs 602:604 GHs 602:604 GHs 602:604 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 18 contain containing 557:566 arg2 hydrolases 590:599 multidomain glycoside hydrolases 568:599 multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 568:605 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 18 contain containing 557:566 arg1 cluster 549:555 a gene cluster 542:555 a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 542:605 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 7 19 theme multiple 1097:1104 arg1 cultivations 1106:1117 multiple cultivations 1097:1117 multiple cultivations of this consortium 1097:1136 The persistence of these complexes during cultivation indicates that they may be active through multiple cultivations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community. 29109478 3 20 theme pioneer 466:472 arg1 population 474:483 the proposed pioneer population 453:483 the proposed pioneer population 453:483 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 4 21 theme activity 646:653 arg1 Purification 608:619 Purification 608:619 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 608:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 3 22 dep Candidatus 487:496 arg1 cellulovorans 516:528 Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans 487:528 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans' 486:529 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 1 23 theme community 212:220 arg1 dynamics 222:229 community dynamics 212:229 community dynamics 212:229 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 4 24 theme cellulase 636:644 arg1 activity 646:653 the soluble cellulase activity 624:653 the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 624:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 5 25 theme multidomain 790:800 arg1 GHs 802:804 ' multidomain GHs 788:804 ' multidomain GHs assembled into cellulase complexes 788:839 Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans' multidomain GHs assembled into cellulase complexes through glycosylation. 29109478 1 26 theme microbial 107:115 arg1 consortia 117:125 microbial consortia 107:125 microbial consortia 107:125 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 3 27 theme gene 544:547 arg1 cluster 549:555 a gene cluster 542:555 a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 542:605 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 1 28 theme consortia 117:125 arg1 Cultivation 92:102 Cultivation 92:102 Cultivation of microbial consortia 92:125 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 2 29 theme endogenous 402:411 arg1 succession 427:436 an endogenous heterotrophic succession 399:436 an endogenous heterotrophic succession 399:436 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 3 30 contain possessed 532:540 arg2 cluster 549:555 a gene cluster 542:555 a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 542:605 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 30 contain possessed 532:540 arg1 Candidatus 487:496 Candidatus 487:496 Candidatus 487:496 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 30 contain possessed 532:540 arg1 genome 443:448 The genome 439:448 The genome of the proposed pioneer population 439:483 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 2 31 theme aerobic 280:286 arg1 consortium 301:310 an aerobic cellulolytic consortium 277:310 an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost 277:334 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 4 32 theme activity 728:735 arg1 % 719:719 ~70% 716:719 ~70% of the activity 716:735 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 4 32 theme activity 728:735 arg1 activity 728:735 the activity 724:735 the activity 724:735 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 0 33 theme cellulase 29:37 arg1 complexes 39:47 cellulase complexes 29:47 cellulase complexes that persist through community succession 29:89 A bacterial pioneer produces cellulase complexes that persist through community succession. 29109478 4 34 theme 300litre 662:669 arg1 cultivation 671:681 a 300litre cultivation 660:681 a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 660:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 6 35 theme stable 881:886 arg1 complexes 888:896 These remarkably stable complexes 864:896 These remarkably stable complexes 864:896 These remarkably stable complexes have supramolecular structures for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis that are distinct from cellulosomes. 29109478 3 36 theme population 474:483 arg1 Candidatus 487:496 Candidatus 487:496 Candidatus 487:496 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 36 theme population 474:483 arg1 genome 443:448 The genome 439:448 The genome of the proposed pioneer population 439:483 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 8 37 theme microbial 1255:1263 arg1 dynamics 1275:1282 microbial community dynamics 1255:1282 microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology 1255:1383 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 3 38 theme glycoside 580:588 arg1 GHs 602:604 GHs 602:604 GHs 602:604 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 38 theme glycoside 580:588 arg1 hydrolases 590:599 multidomain glycoside hydrolases 568:599 multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 568:605 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 4 39 from Purification 608:619 arg1 cultivation 671:681 a 300litre cultivation 660:681 a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 660:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 4 40 theme soluble 628:634 arg1 activity 646:653 the soluble cellulase activity 624:653 the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 624:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 8 41 theme public 1228:1233 arg1 goods 1235:1239 public goods 1228:1239 public goods 1228:1239 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 7 42 theme public 1149:1154 arg1 goods 1156:1160 public goods 1149:1160 public goods that sustain the community 1149:1187 The persistence of these complexes during cultivation indicates that they may be active through multiple cultivations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community. 29109478 7 42 theme public 1149:1154 arg1 they 1070:1073 they 1070:1073 they 1070:1073 The persistence of these complexes during cultivation indicates that they may be active through multiple cultivations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community. 29109478 1 43 theme low-complexity 136:149 arg1 communities 151:161 low-complexity communities 136:161 low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics 136:229 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 1 43 theme low-complexity 136:149 arg1 models 191:196 tractable models 181:196 tractable models 181:196 Cultivation of microbial consortia provides low-complexity communities that can serve as tractable models to understand community dynamics. 29109478 2 44 theme Time-resolved 232:244 arg1 metagenomics 246:257 Time-resolved metagenomics 232:257 Time-resolved metagenomics 232:257 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 8 45 theme community 1265:1273 arg1 dynamics 1275:1282 microbial community dynamics 1255:1282 microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology 1255:1383 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 8 46 theme human 1354:1358 arg1 health 1360:1365 human health 1354:1365 human health 1354:1365 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 3 47 theme multidomain 568:578 arg1 GHs 602:604 GHs 602:604 GHs 602:604 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 3 47 theme multidomain 568:578 arg1 hydrolases 590:599 multidomain glycoside hydrolases 568:599 multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 568:605 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 4 48 theme consortium 691:700 arg1 cultivation 671:681 a 300litre cultivation 660:681 a 300litre cultivation of this consortium 660:700 Purification of the soluble cellulase activity from a 300litre cultivation of this consortium revealed that ~70% of the activity arose from the 'Ca. 29109478 0 49 theme community 70:78 arg1 succession 80:89 community succession 70:89 community succession 70:89 A bacterial pioneer produces cellulase complexes that persist through community succession. 29109478 8 50 theme extracellular 1207:1219 arg1 GHs 1221:1223 extracellular GHs 1207:1223 extracellular GHs as public goods 1207:1239 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 29109478 2 51 theme cellulolytic 288:299 arg1 consortium 301:310 an aerobic cellulolytic consortium 277:310 an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost 277:334 Time-resolved metagenomics demonstrated that an aerobic cellulolytic consortium cultivated from compost exhibited community dynamics consistent with the definition of an endogenous heterotrophic succession. 29109478 7 52 theme consortium 1127:1136 arg1 cultivations 1106:1117 multiple cultivations 1097:1117 multiple cultivations of this consortium 1097:1136 The persistence of these complexes during cultivation indicates that they may be active through multiple cultivations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community. 29109478 3 53 theme proposed 457:464 arg1 population 474:483 the proposed pioneer population 453:483 the proposed pioneer population 453:483 The genome of the proposed pioneer population, 'Candidatus Reconcilibacillus cellulovorans', possessed a gene cluster containing multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs). 29109478 7 54 theme complexes 1026:1034 arg1 persistence 1005:1015 The persistence 1001:1015 The persistence of these complexes during cultivation 1001:1053 The persistence of these complexes during cultivation indicates that they may be active through multiple cultivations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community. 29109478 8 55 theme relevant 1329:1336 arg1 communities 1317:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities 1287:1327 native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology 1287:1383 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in native biomass-deconstructing communities relevant to agriculture, human health and biotechnology. 26088545 0 0 theme Life 85:88 arg1 Span 90:93 the Life Span 81:93 the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans 81:120 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 2 1 theme activities 354:363 arg1 types 334:338 various types 326:338 various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity 326:413 The products were assayed for various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. 26088545 5 2 dep system 680:685 arg1 elegans 703:709 the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans 670:709 the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans 670:709 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 3 3 theme carrageenan- 475:486 arg1 inflammation 508:519 carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation 475:519 carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats 475:527 Compounds 4c, 4f, 12a, 14, 16, and 19 were found to reduce carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats. 26088545 1 4 theme pyridines 256:264 arg1 systems 287:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 4 theme pyridines 256:264 arg1 pyridines 256:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 4 theme pyridines 256:264 arg1 set 228:230 a new set 222:230 a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems 222:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 2 5 theme biological 343:352 arg1 activities 354:363 biological activities 343:363 biological activities 343:363 The products were assayed for various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. 26088545 4 6 dep compounds 543:551 arg1 12a 560:562 12a 560:562 12a 560:562 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 6 dep compounds 543:551 arg1 4f 553:554 4f 553:554 4f 553:554 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 6 dep compounds 543:551 arg1 compounds 543:551 compounds 4f and 12a 543:562 compounds 4f and 12a 543:562 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 0 7 theme elegans 114:120 arg1 Span 90:93 the Life Span 81:93 the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans 81:120 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 3 8 dep Compounds 416:424 arg1 4c 426:427 4c 426:427 4c 426:427 Compounds 4c, 4f, 12a, 14, 16, and 19 were found to reduce carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats. 26088545 3 8 dep Compounds 416:424 arg1 12a 434:436 12a 434:436 12a 434:436 Compounds 4c, 4f, 12a, 14, 16, and 19 were found to reduce carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats. 26088545 3 8 dep Compounds 416:424 arg1 4f 430:431 4f 430:431 4f 430:431 Compounds 4c, 4f, 12a, 14, 16, and 19 were found to reduce carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats. 26088545 5 9 theme life 838:841 arg1 span 843:846 the life span 834:846 the life span 834:846 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 0 10 theme Caenorhabiditis 98:112 arg1 elegans 114:120 Caenorhabiditis elegans 98:120 Caenorhabiditis elegans 98:120 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 5 11 theme glycation 789:797 arg1 products 803:810 advanced glycation end products 780:810 advanced glycation end products 780:810 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 2 12 theme antioxidative 392:404 arg1 activity 406:413 anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity 370:413 anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity 370:413 The products were assayed for various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. 26088545 5 13 theme end 799:801 arg1 products 803:810 advanced glycation end products 780:810 advanced glycation end products 780:810 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 1 14 theme fused 276:280 arg1 systems 287:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 5 15 theme products 803:810 arg1 formation 767:775 the formation 763:775 the formation of advanced glycation end products 763:810 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 1 16 theme ring 282:285 arg1 systems 287:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 5 17 theme model 674:678 arg1 system 680:685 the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans 670:709 the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans 670:709 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 4 18 theme scavenging 605:614 arg1 activity 616:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 1 19 theme systems 287:293 arg1 systems 287:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 19 theme systems 287:293 arg1 pyridines 256:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 19 theme systems 287:293 arg1 set 228:230 a new set 222:230 a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems 222:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 20 theme present 178:184 arg1 study 186:190 the present study 174:190 the present study 174:190 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 4 21 theme radical 597:603 arg1 activity 616:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 0 22 theme 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a 38:57 arg1 Characterization 14:29 Characterization 14:29 Characterization 14:29 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 0 22 theme 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a 38:57 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 5 23 theme Caenorhabiditis 687:701 arg1 system 680:685 the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans 670:709 the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans 670:709 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 4 24 located found 569:573 arg2 compounds 543:551 compounds 4f and 12a 543:562 compounds 4f and 12a 543:562 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 24 located found 569:573 arg1 addition 533:540 addition 533:540 addition 533:540 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 24 located found 569:573 arg2 12a 560:562 12a 560:562 12a 560:562 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 24 located found 569:573 arg2 4f 553:554 4f 553:554 4f 553:554 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 0 25 theme New 34:36 arg1 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a 38:57 New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a 34:57 New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a 34:57 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 0 26 theme Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant 132:160 arg1 Effects 162:168 Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects 126:168 Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects 126:168 Synthesis and Characterization of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines That Extend the Life Span of Caenorhabiditis elegans via Their Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Effects. 26088545 5 27 theme heat 731:734 arg1 resistance 743:752 heat stress resistance 731:752 heat stress resistance 731:752 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 5 28 theme advanced 780:787 arg1 products 803:810 advanced glycation end products 780:810 advanced glycation end products 780:810 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 4 29 contain have 578:581 arg1 12a 560:562 12a 560:562 12a 560:562 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 29 contain have 578:581 arg1 4f 553:554 4f 553:554 4f 553:554 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 29 contain have 578:581 arg2 activity 616:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 4 29 contain have 578:581 arg1 compounds 543:551 compounds 4f and 12a 543:562 compounds 4f and 12a 543:562 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 2 30 theme various 326:332 arg1 types 334:338 various types 326:338 various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity 326:413 The products were assayed for various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. 26088545 1 31 theme new 224:226 arg1 systems 287:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 their fused ring systems 270:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 31 theme new 224:226 arg1 pyridines 256:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 31 theme new 224:226 arg1 set 228:230 a new set 222:230 a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems 222:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 1 32 theme set 228:230 arg1 synthesis 209:217 the synthesis 205:217 the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems 205:293 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 26088545 5 33 theme stress 736:741 arg1 resistance 743:752 heat stress resistance 731:752 heat stress resistance 731:752 Furthermore, these compounds were tested in the model system Caenorhabiditis elegans and there increased heat stress resistance, reduced the formation of advanced glycation end products, and finally extended the life span. 26088545 2 34 theme anti-inflammatory 370:386 arg1 activity 406:413 anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity 370:413 anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity 370:413 The products were assayed for various types of biological activities like anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity. 26088545 4 35 theme antioxidative 583:595 arg1 activity 616:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 antioxidative radical scavenging activity 583:623 In addition, compounds 4f and 12a were found to have antioxidative radical scavenging activity. 26088545 3 36 theme dextran-induced 492:506 arg1 inflammation 508:519 carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation 475:519 carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats 475:527 Compounds 4c, 4f, 12a, 14, 16, and 19 were found to reduce carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats. 26088545 3 37 from inflammation 508:519 arg1 rats 524:527 rats 524:527 rats 524:527 Compounds 4c, 4f, 12a, 14, 16, and 19 were found to reduce carrageenan- and dextran-induced inflammation in rats. 26088545 1 38 theme 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a 235:254 arg1 pyridines 256:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines 235:264 In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a new set of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and their fused ring systems. 25868342 0 0 theme tuberosus 121:129 arg1 L 131:131 Heliantnus tuberosus L 110:131 Heliantnus tuberosus L 110:131 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 2 1 theme interferon-inducing 561:579 arg1 properties 581:590 interferon-inducing properties 561:590 interferon-inducing properties 561:590 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 1 2 from composition 206:216 arg1 Heliantnus 280:289 Heliantnus 280:289 Heliantnus 280:289 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 3 theme analysis 181:188 arg1 results 161:167 the results 157:167 the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan 157:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 3 4 dep species--α 734:743 arg1 γ 749:749 γ 749:749 γ 749:749 It has been supposed that in polysaccharide stimulated models interferon is produced for all three species--α, β, γ. 25868342 3 4 dep species--α 734:743 arg1 β 746:746 β 746:746 β 746:746 It has been supposed that in polysaccharide stimulated models interferon is produced for all three species--α, β, γ. 25868342 0 5 theme Heliantnus 110:119 arg1 L 131:131 Heliantnus tuberosus L 110:131 Heliantnus tuberosus L 110:131 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 1 6 from analysis 181:188 arg1 Heliantnus 280:289 Heliantnus 280:289 Heliantnus 280:289 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 4 7 theme Antiviral 752:760 arg1 effects 778:784 Antiviral and therapeutic effects 752:784 Antiviral and therapeutic effects of polysaccharide 752:802 Antiviral and therapeutic effects of polysaccharide were shown. 25868342 2 8 dep properties 581:590 arg1 both 592:595 both 592:595 both 592:595 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 1 9 theme glucan 425:430 arg1 class 432:436 glucan class 425:436 glucan class 425:436 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 9 theme glucan 425:430 arg1 presumably--β-glucan 439:458 presumably--β-glucan 439:458 presumably--β-glucan 439:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 10 theme spectral 317:324 arg1 characteristics 326:340 the spectral characteristics 313:340 the spectral characteristics 313:340 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 11 theme monosaccharide 191:204 arg1 composition 206:216 monosaccharide composition 191:216 monosaccharide composition 191:216 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 12 dep composition 365:375 arg1 concluded 384:392 concluded 384:392 was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan 380:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 13 theme composition 206:216 arg1 results 161:167 the results 157:167 the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan 157:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 2 14 theme Heliantnus 518:527 arg1 wall 547:550 the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 514:550 the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 514:550 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 2 15 dep Heliantnus 518:527 arg1 tuberosus 529:537 tuberosus 529:537 tuberosus 529:537 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 0 16 theme [Spectral 0:8 arg1 characteristics 10:24 [Spectral characteristics 0:24 [Spectral characteristics 0:24 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 1 17 theme interferon-inducing 222:240 arg1 properties 242:251 interferon-inducing properties 222:251 interferon-inducing properties 222:251 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 0 18 theme monosaccharide 30:43 arg1 composition 45:55 monosaccharide composition 30:55 monosaccharide composition 30:55 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 1 19 theme properties 242:251 arg1 results 161:167 the results 157:167 the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan 157:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 2 20 theme L. 539:540 arg1 wall 547:550 the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 514:550 the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 514:550 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 2 21 theme wall 547:550 arg1 complex 503:509 the polysaccharide complex 484:509 the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 484:550 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 1 22 theme monosaccharide 350:363 arg1 composition 365:375 the monosaccharide composition 346:375 the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan 346:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 2 23 theme cell 542:545 arg1 wall 547:550 the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 514:550 the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 514:550 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 3 24 theme polysaccharide 664:677 arg1 models 690:695 polysaccharide stimulated models 664:695 polysaccharide stimulated models 664:695 It has been supposed that in polysaccharide stimulated models interferon is produced for all three species--α, β, γ. 25868342 1 25 theme polysaccharide 260:273 arg1 analysis 181:188 spectral analysis 172:188 spectral analysis 172:188 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 25 theme polysaccharide 260:273 arg1 composition 206:216 monosaccharide composition 191:216 monosaccharide composition 191:216 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 25 theme polysaccharide 260:273 arg1 properties 242:251 interferon-inducing properties 222:251 interferon-inducing properties 222:251 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 0 26 theme antiviral 80:88 arg1 polysaccharide 90:103 interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide 60:103 interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide 60:103 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 1 27 dep Heliantnus 280:289 arg1 L. 301:302 Heliantnus tuberosus L. 280:302 Heliantnus tuberosus L. 280:302 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 0 28 theme interferon-inducing 60:78 arg1 polysaccharide 90:103 interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide 60:103 interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide 60:103 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 1 29 from properties 242:251 arg1 Heliantnus 280:289 Heliantnus 280:289 Heliantnus 280:289 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 4 30 theme therapeutic 766:776 arg1 effects 778:784 Antiviral and therapeutic effects 752:784 Antiviral and therapeutic effects of polysaccharide 752:802 Antiviral and therapeutic effects of polysaccharide were shown. 25868342 4 31 theme polysaccharide 789:802 arg1 effects 778:784 Antiviral and therapeutic effects 752:784 Antiviral and therapeutic effects of polysaccharide 752:802 Antiviral and therapeutic effects of polysaccharide were shown. 25868342 1 32 from Heliantnus 280:289 arg1 analysis 181:188 spectral analysis 172:188 spectral analysis 172:188 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 32 from Heliantnus 280:289 arg1 composition 206:216 monosaccharide composition 191:216 monosaccharide composition 191:216 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 32 from Heliantnus 280:289 arg1 properties 242:251 interferon-inducing properties 222:251 interferon-inducing properties 222:251 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 1 32 from Heliantnus 280:289 arg1 polysaccharide 260:273 the polysaccharide 256:273 the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan 256:458 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 25868342 0 33 from L 131:131 arg1 characteristics 10:24 [Spectral characteristics 0:24 [Spectral characteristics 0:24 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 0 33 from L 131:131 arg1 composition 45:55 monosaccharide composition 30:55 monosaccharide composition 30:55 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 3 34 theme stimulated 679:688 arg1 models 690:695 polysaccharide stimulated models 664:695 polysaccharide stimulated models 664:695 It has been supposed that in polysaccharide stimulated models interferon is produced for all three species--α, β, γ. 25868342 2 35 theme polysaccharide 488:501 arg1 complex 503:509 the polysaccharide complex 484:509 the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall 484:550 It has been shown that the polysaccharide complex of the Heliantnus tuberosus L. cell wall exhibits interferon-inducing properties both in experiments in vitro, and in vivo. 25868342 0 36 theme polysaccharide 90:103 arg1 characteristics 10:24 [Spectral characteristics 0:24 [Spectral characteristics 0:24 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 0 36 theme polysaccharide 90:103 arg1 composition 45:55 monosaccharide composition 30:55 monosaccharide composition 30:55 [Spectral characteristics and monosaccharide composition of interferon-inducing antiviral polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L]. 25868342 1 37 theme spectral 172:179 arg1 analysis 181:188 spectral analysis 172:188 spectral analysis 172:188 This article presents the results of spectral analysis, monosaccharide composition and interferon-inducing properties of the polysaccharide from Heliantnus tuberosus L. Based on the spectral characteristics and the monosaccharide composition it was concluded that polysaccharide belongs to glucan class, presumably--β-glucan. 27058641 3 0 theme CHO-derived 737:747 arg1 antibody 760:767 a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 735:767 a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 735:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 1 1 theme antibody-dependent 209:226 arg1 ADCC 251:254 ADCC 251:254 ADCC 251:254 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 1 theme antibody-dependent 209:226 arg1 cytotoxicity 237:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 209:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 209:255 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 1 theme antibody-dependent 209:226 arg1 activity 261:268 an activity 258:268 an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose 258:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 3 2 theme NK 613:614 arg1 assay 627:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 4 3 theme ADCC 884:887 arg1 activity 889:896 ADCC activity 884:896 ADCC activity 884:896 Explorative analysis of the data indicated that, apart from afucosylation, galactosylation levels could influence ADCC activity. 27058641 5 4 theme standard 1049:1056 arg1 processes 1076:1084 standard CHO manufacturing processes 1049:1084 standard CHO manufacturing processes 1049:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 6 5 theme ADCC 1264:1267 arg1 activity 1269:1276 ADCC activity 1264:1276 ADCC activity 1264:1276 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 2 6 theme glycostructures 553:567 arg1 impact 537:542 the impact 533:542 the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity 533:584 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 6 7 theme primary 1305:1311 arg1 driver 1313:1318 the primary driver 1301:1318 the primary driver of this activity 1301:1335 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 5 8 theme different 1003:1011 arg1 antibodies 1024:1033 four different monoclonal antibodies 998:1033 four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes 998:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 5 9 theme CHO 1058:1060 arg1 processes 1076:1084 standard CHO manufacturing processes 1049:1084 standard CHO manufacturing processes 1049:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 1 10 theme Fc-glycans 308:317 arg1 structure 295:303 the structure 291:303 the structure of Fc-glycans 291:317 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 2 11 theme other 547:551 arg1 glycostructures 553:567 other glycostructures 547:567 other glycostructures 547:567 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 6 12 theme afucosylation 1160:1172 arg1 effects 1129:1135 the effects 1125:1135 the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity 1125:1211 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 1 13 theme therapeutic 101:111 arg1 activity 113:120 The therapeutic activity 97:120 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies 97:145 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 14 theme cellular 228:235 arg1 ADCC 251:254 ADCC 251:254 ADCC 251:254 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 14 theme cellular 228:235 arg1 cytotoxicity 237:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 209:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 209:255 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 14 theme cellular 228:235 arg1 activity 261:268 an activity 258:268 an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose 258:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 3 15 theme monoclonal 749:758 arg1 antibody 760:767 a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 735:767 a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 735:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 5 16 theme monoclonal 1013:1022 arg1 antibodies 1024:1033 four different monoclonal antibodies 998:1033 four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes 998:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 6 17 theme heterogeneity 1199:1211 arg1 context 1181:1187 the context 1177:1187 the context of glycan heterogeneity 1177:1211 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 3 18 theme antibody 760:767 arg1 batches 724:730 54 manufacturing batches 707:730 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 707:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 3 19 theme quantitative 600:611 arg1 assay 627:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 2 20 theme inherent 414:421 arg1 variability 423:433 the inherent variability 410:433 the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 410:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 1 21 theme monoclonal 125:134 arg1 antibodies 136:145 monoclonal antibodies 125:145 monoclonal antibodies 125:145 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 2 22 theme assays 475:480 arg1 variability 423:433 the inherent variability 410:433 the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 410:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 2 22 theme assays 475:480 arg1 heterogeneity 367:379 The heterogeneity 363:379 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures 363:404 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 3 23 theme based 621:625 arg1 assay 627:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 1 24 theme antibodies 136:145 arg1 activity 113:120 The therapeutic activity 97:120 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies 97:145 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 2 25 theme ADCC 470:473 arg1 assays 475:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 5 26 theme antibodies 1024:1033 arg1 hypergalactosylation 974:993 enzymatic hypergalactosylation 964:993 enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes 964:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 5 27 theme enzymatic 964:972 arg1 hypergalactosylation 974:993 enzymatic hypergalactosylation 964:993 enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes 964:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 2 28 theme in 461:462 arg1 assays 475:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 3 29 from batches 724:730 arg1 data 697:700 Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data 670:700 Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 670:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 3 30 theme ADCC 692:695 arg1 data 697:700 Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data 670:700 Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 670:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 3 31 link CHO-derived 737:747 arg1 antibody 760:767 a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 735:767 a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 735:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 2 32 theme PBMC-based 450:459 arg1 assays 475:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 6 33 theme glycan 1192:1197 arg1 heterogeneity 1199:1211 glycan heterogeneity 1192:1211 glycan heterogeneity 1192:1211 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 2 34 theme ADCC 572:575 arg1 activity 577:584 ADCC activity 572:584 ADCC activity 572:584 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 2 35 from impact 537:542 arg1 activity 577:584 ADCC activity 572:584 ADCC activity 572:584 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 0 36 theme cellular 48:55 arg1 cytotoxicity 57:68 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 29:68 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies 29:94 Fc-galactosylation modulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies. 27058641 2 37 theme traditional 438:448 arg1 assays 475:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 0 38 theme antibodies 85:94 arg1 cytotoxicity 57:68 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 29:68 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies 29:94 Fc-galactosylation modulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies. 27058641 5 39 theme enhanced 945:952 arg1 ADCC 954:957 enhanced ADCC 945:957 enhanced ADCC 945:957 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 6 40 theme galactosylation 1140:1154 arg1 effects 1129:1135 the effects 1125:1135 the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity 1125:1211 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 3 41 theme Fc-glycostructure 670:686 arg1 data 697:700 Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data 670:700 Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 670:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 3 42 theme cell 616:619 arg1 assay 627:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 a quantitative NK cell based assay 598:631 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 0 43 theme therapeutic 73:83 arg1 antibodies 85:94 therapeutic antibodies 73:94 therapeutic antibodies 73:94 Fc-galactosylation modulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies. 27058641 2 44 gly heterogeneity 367:379 arg1 glycostructures 390:404 these glycostructures 384:404 these glycostructures 384:404 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 2 44 gly heterogeneity 367:379 arg1 assays 475:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 438:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 2 45 dep in 461:462 arg1 vitro 464:468 vitro 464:468 vitro 464:468 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 6 46 from effects 1129:1135 arg1 context 1181:1187 the context 1177:1187 the context of glycan heterogeneity 1177:1211 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 1 47 theme immune 159:164 arg1 functions 189:197 immune cell mediated effector functions 159:197 immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose 159:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 47 theme immune 159:164 arg1 cytotoxicity 237:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 209:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 209:255 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 48 theme core 350:353 arg1 fucose 355:360 core fucose 350:360 core fucose 350:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 3 49 theme manufacturing 710:722 arg1 batches 724:730 54 manufacturing batches 707:730 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody 707:767 We applied a quantitative NK cell based assay to generate a database consisting of Fc-glycostructure and ADCC data from 54 manufacturing batches of a CHO-derived monoclonal antibody. 27058641 1 50 theme cell 166:169 arg1 functions 189:197 immune cell mediated effector functions 159:197 immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose 159:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 50 theme cell 166:169 arg1 cytotoxicity 237:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 209:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 209:255 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 4 51 theme data 798:801 arg1 analysis 782:789 Explorative analysis 770:789 Explorative analysis of the data 770:801 Explorative analysis of the data indicated that, apart from afucosylation, galactosylation levels could influence ADCC activity. 27058641 6 52 theme activity 1328:1335 arg1 driver 1313:1318 the primary driver 1301:1318 the primary driver of this activity 1301:1335 Furthermore we quantitatively compare the effects of galactosylation and afucosylation in the context of glycan heterogeneity and demonstrate that while galactose can influence ADCC activity, afucosylation remains the primary driver of this activity. 27058641 1 53 theme mediated 171:178 arg1 functions 189:197 immune cell mediated effector functions 159:197 immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose 159:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 53 theme mediated 171:178 arg1 cytotoxicity 237:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 209:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 209:255 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 4 54 theme Explorative 770:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 Explorative analysis 770:789 Explorative analysis of the data 770:801 Explorative analysis of the data indicated that, apart from afucosylation, galactosylation levels could influence ADCC activity. 27058641 5 55 theme manufacturing 1062:1074 arg1 processes 1076:1084 standard CHO manufacturing processes 1049:1084 standard CHO manufacturing processes 1049:1084 We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating enhanced ADCC upon enzymatic hypergalactosylation of four different monoclonal antibodies derived using standard CHO manufacturing processes. 27058641 4 56 theme galactosylation 845:859 arg1 levels 861:866 galactosylation levels 845:866 galactosylation levels 845:866 Explorative analysis of the data indicated that, apart from afucosylation, galactosylation levels could influence ADCC activity. 27058641 1 57 theme effector 180:187 arg1 functions 189:197 immune cell mediated effector functions 159:197 immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose 159:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 57 theme effector 180:187 arg1 cytotoxicity 237:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 209:248 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 209:255 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 1 58 theme fucose 355:360 arg1 lack 342:345 the lack 338:345 the lack of core fucose 338:360 The therapeutic activity of monoclonal antibodies can involve immune cell mediated effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), an activity that is modulated by the structure of Fc-glycans, and in particular the lack of core fucose. 27058641 0 59 theme antibody-dependent 29:46 arg1 cytotoxicity 57:68 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 29:68 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies 29:94 Fc-galactosylation modulates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of therapeutic antibodies. 27058641 2 60 theme glycostructures 390:404 arg1 variability 423:433 the inherent variability 410:433 the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays 410:480 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 27058641 2 60 theme glycostructures 390:404 arg1 heterogeneity 367:379 The heterogeneity 363:379 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures 363:404 The heterogeneity of these glycostructures and the inherent variability of traditional PBMC-based in vitro ADCC assays, have made it challenging to quantitatively assess the impact of other glycostructures on ADCC activity. 25519163 2 0 theme repeat 767:772 arg1 units 774:778 multiple inimer repeat units 751:778 multiple inimer repeat units 751:778 The MS data confirmed the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material. 25519163 7 1 theme tetrameric 1369:1378 arg1 structures 1380:1389 the tetrameric structures 1365:1389 the tetrameric structures 1365:1389 Complementary IM-MS studies confirmed that only one of the tetrameric structures is formed. 25519163 2 2 theme multiple 751:758 arg1 units 774:778 multiple inimer repeat units 751:778 multiple inimer repeat units 751:778 The MS data confirmed the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material. 25519163 1 3 theme tandem 295:300 arg1 MS 321:322 MS(2) 321:325 MS(2) 321:325 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 3 theme tandem 295:300 arg1 spectrometry 307:318 tandem mass spectrometry 295:318 tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) 295:326 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 7 4 theme Complementary 1310:1322 arg1 studies 1330:1336 Complementary IM-MS studies 1310:1336 Complementary IM-MS studies 1310:1336 Complementary IM-MS studies confirmed that only one of the tetrameric structures is formed. 25519163 4 5 theme comonomer 1063:1071 arg1 connectivity 1073:1084 the comonomer connectivity 1059:1084 the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1059:1132 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 6 theme laser 221:225 arg1 MALDI 250:254 MALDI 250:254 MALDI 250:254 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 6 theme laser 221:225 arg1 desorption/ionization 227:247 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 205:247 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) 205:255 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 3 7 theme MS 950:951 arg1 studies 956:962 MS(2) and MS(n) studies 940:962 MS(2) and MS(n) studies 940:962 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 2 8 theme MS 712:713 arg1 data 715:718 The MS data 708:718 The MS data 708:718 The MS data confirmed the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material. 25519163 1 9 theme monomer 630:636 arg1 copolymerization 598:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization 576:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B) 576:667 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 5 10 dep isomers 1270:1276 arg1 viz 1279:1281 viz 1279:1281 the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz 1242:1281 sequence BBA) and only two of the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz. 25519163 9 11 theme MS 1652:1653 arg1 approaches 1655:1664 The multidimensional MS approaches 1631:1664 The multidimensional MS approaches presented 1631:1674 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 4 12 theme definitive 1030:1039 arg1 information 1041:1051 definitive information 1030:1051 definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1030:1132 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 0 13 theme glycopolymers 133:145 arg1 sequence 90:97 molecular sequence 80:97 molecular sequence 80:97 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 0 13 theme glycopolymers 133:145 arg1 architecture 103:114 architecture 103:114 architecture 103:114 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 3 14 with n-mers 869:874 arg1 composition 890:900 the same composition 881:900 the same composition 881:900 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 4 15 theme trimer 1109:1114 arg1 tetramer 1125:1132 the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1089:1132 the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1089:1132 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 16 theme mobility 373:380 arg1 IM-MS 401:405 IM-MS 401:405 IM-MS 401:405 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 16 theme mobility 373:380 arg1 spectrometry 387:398 ion mobility mass spectrometry 369:398 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) 369:406 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 9 17 theme connectivity 1684:1695 arg1 information 1697:1707 connectivity information 1684:1707 connectivity information 1684:1707 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 4 18 theme A2B2 1120:1123 arg1 tetramer 1125:1132 the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1089:1132 the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1089:1132 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 9 19 theme types 1919:1923 arg1 characterization 1869:1884 the microstructure characterization 1850:1884 the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers 1850:1945 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 9 20 theme complex 1928:1934 arg1 copolymers 1936:1945 complex copolymers 1928:1945 complex copolymers 1928:1945 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 5 21 theme sequence 1212:1219 arg1 BBA 1221:1223 sequence BBA) 1212:1224 sequence BBA) 1212:1224 sequence BBA) and only two of the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 22 theme mass 165:168 arg1 techniques 183:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques 148:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques 148:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 9 23 theme atomic 1716:1721 arg1 level 1723:1727 the atomic level 1712:1727 the atomic level 1712:1727 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 4 24 theme copolymeric 1093:1103 arg1 trimer 1109:1114 copolymeric AB2 trimer 1093:1114 copolymeric AB2 trimer 1093:1114 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 25 theme transfer 581:588 arg1 copolymerization 598:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization 576:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B) 576:667 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 26 theme mass 340:343 arg1 MS 359:360 MS 359:360 MS(n) 359:363 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 26 theme mass 340:343 arg1 spectrometry 345:356 multistage mass spectrometry 329:356 multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) 329:364 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 0 27 theme molecular 80:88 arg1 sequence 90:97 molecular sequence 80:97 molecular sequence 80:97 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 3 28 theme various 838:844 arg1 structures 855:864 The various possible structures 834:864 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition 834:900 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 9 29 theme high 1747:1750 arg1 purity 1760:1765 high product purity 1747:1765 high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) 1747:1802 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 9 30 dep provide 1676:1682 arg1 useful 1839:1844 useful 1839:1844 useful 1839:1844 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 8 31 theme determined 1435:1444 arg1 cross-section 1456:1468 the experimentally determined collision cross-section 1416:1468 the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer 1416:1491 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 1 32 theme small 515:519 arg1 oligomers 521:529 small oligomers 515:529 small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer 515:561 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 0 33 theme Tandem 0:5 arg1 spectrometry 12:23 Tandem mass spectrometry 0:23 Tandem mass spectrometry 0:23 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 1 34 theme mass 302:305 arg1 MS 321:322 MS(2) 321:325 MS(2) 321:325 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 34 theme mass 302:305 arg1 spectrometry 307:318 tandem mass spectrometry 295:318 tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) 295:326 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 3 35 theme n-mers 869:874 arg1 structures 855:864 The various possible structures 834:864 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition 834:900 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 8 36 theme cross-section 1456:1468 arg1 Comparison 1402:1411 Comparison 1402:1411 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences 1402:1568 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 1 37 theme ester 692:696 arg1 pendants 698:705 mannose ester pendants 684:705 mannose ester pendants 684:705 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 38 theme hyperbranched 536:548 arg1 glycopolymer 550:561 a hyperbranched glycopolymer 534:561 a hyperbranched glycopolymer 534:561 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 0 39 theme ion 29:31 arg1 spectrometry 47:58 ion mobility mass spectrometry 29:58 ion mobility mass spectrometry 29:58 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 8 40 theme isomer 1486:1491 arg1 cross-section 1456:1468 the experimentally determined collision cross-section 1416:1468 the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer 1416:1491 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 1 41 theme structural 444:453 arg1 insight 455:461 precise structural insight 436:461 precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), 436:668 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 0 42 theme mass 42:45 arg1 spectrometry 47:58 ion mobility mass spectrometry 29:58 ion mobility mass spectrometry 29:58 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 9 43 theme MS 1800:1801 arg1 nature 1790:1795 the dispersive nature 1775:1795 the dispersive nature of MS 1775:1801 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 9 44 theme copolymers 1936:1945 arg1 glycopolymers 1895:1907 novel glycopolymers 1889:1907 novel glycopolymers 1889:1907 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 9 44 theme copolymers 1936:1945 arg1 types 1919:1923 other types 1913:1923 other types of complex copolymers 1913:1945 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 0 45 dep spectrometry 12:23 arg1 analysis 68:75 the analysis 64:75 the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers 64:145 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 4 46 theme bromomethane 999:1010 arg1 molecule 1012:1019 bromomethane molecule 999:1019 bromomethane molecule 999:1019 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 4 47 theme trimeric 1189:1196 arg1 isomers 1198:1204 the three possible trimeric isomers 1170:1204 the three possible trimeric isomers (viz 1170:1209 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 5 48 theme tetrameric 1259:1268 arg1 isomers 1270:1276 the six possible tetrameric isomers 1242:1276 the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz 1242:1281 sequence BBA) and only two of the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz. 25519163 7 49 theme structures 1380:1389 arg1 one 1358:1360 one 1358:1360 one 1358:1360 Complementary IM-MS studies confirmed that only one of the tetrameric structures is formed. 25519163 7 49 theme structures 1380:1389 arg1 structures 1380:1389 the tetrameric structures 1365:1389 the tetrameric structures 1365:1389 Complementary IM-MS studies confirmed that only one of the tetrameric structures is formed. 25519163 2 50 theme units 774:778 arg1 incorporation 734:746 the incorporation 730:746 the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material 730:831 The MS data confirmed the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material. 25519163 1 51 theme inimer 658:663 arg1 copolymerization 598:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization 576:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B) 576:667 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 8 52 theme predominant 1594:1604 arg1 architecture 1617:1628 the predominant tetrameric architecture 1590:1628 the predominant tetrameric architecture 1590:1628 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 8 52 theme predominant 1594:1604 arg1 BBA2 1582:1585 BBA2 1582:1585 BBA2 1582:1585 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 2 53 theme inimer 760:765 arg1 units 774:778 multiple inimer repeat units 751:778 multiple inimer repeat units 751:778 The MS data confirmed the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material. 25519163 2 54 theme hyperbranched 810:822 arg1 material 824:831 the hyperbranched material 806:831 the hyperbranched material 806:831 The MS data confirmed the incorporation of multiple inimer repeat units, which ultimately lead to the hyperbranched material. 25519163 9 55 dep purity 1760:1765 arg1 due 1768:1770 due 1768:1770 due 1768:1770 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 3 56 theme MS 940:941 arg1 studies 956:962 MS(2) and MS(n) studies 940:962 MS(2) and MS(n) studies 940:962 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 8 57 theme possible 1551:1558 arg1 sequences 1560:1568 the two possible sequences 1543:1568 the two possible sequences 1543:1568 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 4 58 from connectivity 1073:1084 arg1 tetramer 1125:1132 the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1089:1132 the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer 1089:1132 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 7 59 theme IM-MS 1324:1328 arg1 studies 1330:1336 Complementary IM-MS studies 1310:1336 Complementary IM-MS studies 1310:1336 Complementary IM-MS studies confirmed that only one of the tetrameric structures is formed. 25519163 1 60 theme matrix-assisted 205:219 arg1 MALDI 250:254 MALDI 250:254 MALDI 250:254 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 60 theme matrix-assisted 205:219 arg1 desorption/ionization 227:247 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization 205:247 matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) 205:255 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 9 61 theme microstructure 1854:1867 arg1 characterization 1869:1884 the microstructure characterization 1850:1884 the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers 1850:1945 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 1 62 theme acrylate 621:628 arg1 A 639:639 A 639:639 A 639:639 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 62 theme acrylate 621:628 arg1 monomer 630:636 an acrylate monomer 618:636 an acrylate monomer (A) 618:640 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 0 63 theme hyperbranched 119:131 arg1 glycopolymers 133:145 hyperbranched glycopolymers 119:145 hyperbranched glycopolymers 119:145 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 9 64 theme multidimensional 1635:1650 arg1 approaches 1655:1664 The multidimensional MS approaches 1631:1664 The multidimensional MS approaches presented 1631:1674 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 9 65 theme glycopolymers 1895:1907 arg1 characterization 1869:1884 the microstructure characterization 1850:1884 the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers 1850:1945 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 1 66 theme ion 369:371 arg1 IM-MS 401:405 IM-MS 401:405 IM-MS 401:405 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 66 theme ion 369:371 arg1 spectrometry 387:398 ion mobility mass spectrometry 369:398 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) 369:406 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 9 67 theme other 1913:1917 arg1 types 1919:1923 other types 1913:1923 other types of complex copolymers 1913:1945 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 1 68 theme glycopolymer 550:561 arg1 oligomers 521:529 small oligomers 515:529 small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer 515:561 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 69 theme mass 382:385 arg1 IM-MS 401:405 IM-MS 401:405 IM-MS 401:405 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 69 theme mass 382:385 arg1 spectrometry 387:398 ion mobility mass spectrometry 369:398 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) 369:406 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 4 70 dep isomers 1198:1204 arg1 viz 1207:1209 viz 1207:1209 the three possible trimeric isomers (viz 1170:1209 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 4 71 theme molecule 1012:1019 arg1 elimination 984:994 The characteristic elimination 965:994 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule 965:1019 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 72 theme Multidimensional 148:163 arg1 techniques 183:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques 148:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques 148:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 4 73 theme AB2 1105:1107 arg1 trimer 1109:1114 copolymeric AB2 trimer 1093:1114 copolymeric AB2 trimer 1093:1114 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 74 theme atom 576:579 arg1 copolymerization 598:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization 576:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B) 576:667 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 75 theme multistage 329:338 arg1 MS 359:360 MS 359:360 MS(n) 359:363 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 75 theme multistage 329:338 arg1 spectrometry 345:356 multistage mass spectrometry 329:356 multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) 329:364 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 76 theme spectrometry 170:181 arg1 techniques 183:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques 148:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques 148:192 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 77 dep gain 431:434 arg1 both 670:673 both 670:673 both 670:673 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 78 theme radical 590:596 arg1 copolymerization 598:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization 576:613 atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B) 576:667 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 0 79 theme sequence 90:97 arg1 analysis 68:75 the analysis 64:75 the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers 64:145 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 0 80 theme architecture 103:114 arg1 analysis 68:75 the analysis 64:75 the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers 64:145 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 3 81 theme possible 846:853 arg1 structures 855:864 The various possible structures 834:864 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition 834:900 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 9 82 theme product 1752:1758 arg1 purity 1760:1765 high product purity 1747:1765 high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) 1747:1802 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 8 83 theme collision 1446:1454 arg1 cross-section 1456:1468 the experimentally determined collision cross-section 1416:1468 the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer 1416:1491 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 8 84 with Comparison 1402:1411 arg1 those 1498:1502 those 1498:1502 those 1498:1502 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 0 85 theme mass 7:10 arg1 spectrometry 12:23 Tandem mass spectrometry 0:23 Tandem mass spectrometry 0:23 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 6 86 dep BBA2 1294:1297 arg1 sequences 1284:1292 sequences 1284:1292 sequences 1284:1292 sequences BBA2 and BABA). 25519163 1 87 theme oligomers 521:529 arg1 compositions 470:481 the compositions 466:481 the compositions 466:481 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 87 theme oligomers 521:529 arg1 architectures 498:510 architectures 498:510 architectures 498:510 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 87 theme oligomers 521:529 arg1 sequences 484:492 sequences 484:492 sequences 484:492 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 88 from insight 455:461 arg1 compositions 470:481 the compositions 466:481 the compositions 466:481 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 88 from insight 455:461 arg1 architectures 498:510 architectures 498:510 architectures 498:510 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 88 from insight 455:461 arg1 sequences 484:492 sequences 484:492 sequences 484:492 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 8 89 theme detected 1477:1484 arg1 isomer 1486:1491 the detected isomer 1473:1491 the detected isomer 1473:1491 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 1 90 theme mannose 684:690 arg1 pendants 698:705 mannose ester pendants 684:705 mannose ester pendants 684:705 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 9 91 theme novel 1889:1893 arg1 glycopolymers 1895:1907 novel glycopolymers 1889:1907 novel glycopolymers 1889:1907 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 0 92 theme mobility 33:40 arg1 spectrometry 47:58 ion mobility mass spectrometry 29:58 ion mobility mass spectrometry 29:58 Tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry for the analysis of molecular sequence and architecture of hyperbranched glycopolymers. 25519163 9 93 theme dispersive 1779:1788 arg1 nature 1790:1795 the dispersive nature 1775:1795 the dispersive nature of MS 1775:1801 The multidimensional MS approaches presented provide connectivity information at the atomic level without requiring high product purity (due to the dispersive nature of MS) and, hence, should be particularly useful for the microstructure characterization of novel glycopolymers and other types of complex copolymers. 25519163 1 94 theme precise 436:442 arg1 insight 455:461 precise structural insight 436:461 precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), 436:668 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 4 95 theme possible 1180:1187 arg1 isomers 1198:1204 the three possible trimeric isomers 1170:1204 the three possible trimeric isomers (viz 1170:1209 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 3 96 theme same 885:888 arg1 composition 890:900 the same composition 881:900 the same composition 881:900 The various possible structures of n-mers with the same composition were subsequently elucidated based on MS(2) and MS(n) studies. 25519163 4 97 theme characteristic 969:982 arg1 elimination 984:994 The characteristic elimination 965:994 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule 965:1019 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 8 98 theme molecular 1517:1525 arg1 simulations 1527:1537 molecular simulations 1517:1537 molecular simulations for the two possible sequences 1517:1568 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 4 99 theme isomers 1198:1204 arg1 present 1150:1156 present only one 1150:1165 present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz 1150:1209 The characteristic elimination of bromomethane molecule provided definitive information about the comonomer connectivity in the copolymeric AB2 trimer and A2B2 tetramer, identifying as present only one of the three possible trimeric isomers (viz. 25519163 5 100 theme possible 1250:1257 arg1 isomers 1270:1276 the six possible tetrameric isomers 1242:1276 the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz 1242:1281 sequence BBA) and only two of the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz. 25519163 1 101 theme electrospray 260:271 arg1 ionization 273:282 electrospray ionization 260:282 electrospray ionization (ESI) 260:288 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 101 theme electrospray 260:271 arg1 ESI 285:287 ESI 285:287 ESI 285:287 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 102 theme acrylate 649:656 arg1 inimer 658:663 an acrylate inimer 646:663 an acrylate inimer (B) 646:667 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 1 102 theme acrylate 649:656 arg1 B 666:666 B 666:666 B 666:666 Multidimensional mass spectrometry techniques, combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) or electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)), multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)) or ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), have been employed to gain precise structural insight on the compositions, sequences and architectures of small oligomers of a hyperbranched glycopolymer, prepared by atom transfer radical copolymerization of an acrylate monomer (A) and an acrylate inimer (B), both carrying mannose ester pendants. 25519163 5 103 theme isomers 1270:1276 arg1 isomers 1270:1276 the six possible tetrameric isomers 1242:1276 the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz 1242:1281 sequence BBA) and only two of the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz. 25519163 5 103 theme isomers 1270:1276 arg1 two 1235:1237 two 1235:1237 two 1235:1237 sequence BBA) and only two of the six possible tetrameric isomers (viz. 25519163 8 104 theme tetrameric 1606:1615 arg1 architecture 1617:1628 the predominant tetrameric architecture 1590:1628 the predominant tetrameric architecture 1590:1628 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 25519163 8 104 theme tetrameric 1606:1615 arg1 BBA2 1582:1585 BBA2 1582:1585 BBA2 1582:1585 Comparison of the experimentally determined collision cross-section of the detected isomer with those predicted by molecular simulations for the two possible sequences ascertained BBA2 as the predominant tetrameric architecture. 28867225 0 0 from polysaccharides 220:234 arg1 medicine 246:253 herbal medicine 239:253 herbal medicine 239:253 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 0 1 from analysis 208:215 arg1 medicine 246:253 herbal medicine 239:253 herbal medicine 239:253 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 tissues 918:924 five micro-dissected tissues 897:924 five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal) 897:970 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 parts 852:856 three macro-dissected parts 830:856 three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) 830:891 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 canal 965:969 resin canal 959:969 resin canal 959:969 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 2 from masses 788:793 arg1 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 3 theme branched 877:884 arg1 rhizome 859:865 rhizome 859:865 rhizome 859:865 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 3 theme branched 877:884 arg1 roots 886:890 main and branched roots 868:890 main and branched roots 868:890 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 1 4 from polysaccharides 361:375 arg1 medicines 387:395 herbal medicines 380:395 herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 380:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 1 5 theme liquid 544:549 arg1 chromatography 551:564 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 526:564 ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 526:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 3 6 theme Tissue-specific 658:672 arg1 characterization 703:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization 658:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides 658:745 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 1 7 theme combinatorial 308:320 arg1 approach 322:329 a new combinatorial approach 302:329 a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 302:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 5 8 theme higher 1490:1495 arg1 proportion 1497:1506 a higher proportion 1488:1506 a higher proportion of acidic pectins 1488:1524 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 3 9 theme main 868:871 arg1 rhizome 859:865 rhizome 859:865 rhizome 859:865 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 9 theme main 868:871 arg1 roots 886:890 main and branched roots 868:890 main and branched roots 868:890 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 1 10 from analysis 349:356 arg1 medicines 387:395 herbal medicines 380:395 herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 380:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 1 11 theme hyphenated 566:575 arg1 chromatography 551:564 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 526:564 ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 526:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 12 theme smaller 1216:1222 arg1 weights 1234:1240 smaller molecular weights 1216:1240 smaller molecular weights 1216:1240 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 13 theme triple 582:587 arg1 spectrometry 605:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 6 14 theme ginseng 1592:1598 arg1 polysaccharides 1600:1614 ginseng polysaccharides 1592:1614 ginseng polysaccharides 1592:1614 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 0 15 theme quadrupole 161:170 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 1 16 theme gel 454:456 arg1 chromatography 469:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography 437:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 437:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 17 theme resin 1032:1036 arg1 canal 1038:1042 resin canal 1032:1042 resin canal 1032:1042 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 6 18 theme application 1796:1806 arg1 transportation 1702:1715 transportation 1702:1715 transportation 1702:1715 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 6 18 theme application 1796:1806 arg1 biosynthesis 1685:1696 biosynthesis 1685:1696 biosynthesis 1685:1696 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 0 19 theme histochemical 194:206 arg1 analysis 208:215 histochemical analysis 194:215 histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine 194:253 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 20 theme ginseng 723:729 arg1 polysaccharides 731:745 ginseng polysaccharides 723:745 ginseng polysaccharides 723:745 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 6 21 theme empirical 1777:1785 arg1 application 1796:1806 empirical clinical application 1777:1806 empirical clinical application 1777:1806 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 4 22 theme constituents 1275:1286 arg1 weights 1234:1240 smaller molecular weights 1216:1240 smaller molecular weights 1216:1240 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 22 theme constituents 1275:1286 arg1 ratios 1253:1258 higher ratios 1246:1258 higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) 1246:1346 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 23 theme aerosol 505:511 arg1 detector 513:520 charged aerosol detector 497:520 charged aerosol detector 497:520 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 6 24 theme ginseng 1663:1669 arg1 understanding 1646:1658 the scientific understanding 1631:1658 the scientific understanding of ginseng 1631:1669 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 0 25 theme chromatography-charged 70:91 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 4 26 theme molecular 1088:1096 arg1 weights 1098:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 27 theme higher 1246:1251 arg1 ratios 1253:1258 higher ratios 1246:1258 higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) 1246:1346 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 3 28 theme resin 959:963 arg1 tissues 918:924 five micro-dissected tissues 897:924 five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal) 897:970 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 28 theme resin 959:963 arg1 canal 965:969 resin canal 959:969 resin canal 959:969 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 1 29 theme laser 403:407 arg1 microdissection 409:423 laser microdissection 403:423 laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 403:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 0 30 theme ultra 114:118 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 31 dep tissues 918:924 arg1 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 31 dep tissues 918:924 arg1 tissues 918:924 five micro-dissected tissues 897:924 five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal) 897:970 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 31 dep tissues 918:924 arg1 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 31 dep tissues 918:924 arg1 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 31 dep tissues 918:924 arg1 canal 965:969 resin canal 959:969 resin canal 959:969 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 31 dep tissues 918:924 arg1 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 6 32 theme quality 1747:1753 arg1 evaluation 1755:1764 medicinal quality evaluation 1737:1764 medicinal quality evaluation 1737:1764 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 4 33 theme more 1055:1058 arg1 polysaccharides 1060:1074 more polysaccharides 1055:1074 more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue 1055:1141 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 5 34 theme acidic 1511:1516 arg1 pectins 1518:1524 acidic pectins 1511:1524 acidic pectins 1511:1524 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 5 35 theme " 1412:1412 arg1 polysaccharides 1383:1397 the polysaccharides 1379:1397 the polysaccharides of the "flesh" 1379:1412 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 5 35 theme " 1412:1412 arg1 glucans 1445:1451 predominantly starch-like glucans 1419:1451 predominantly starch-like glucans 1419:1451 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 0 36 theme liquid 132:137 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 1 37 theme high 437:440 arg1 chromatography 469:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography 437:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 437:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 38 theme glucose 1127:1133 arg1 residue 1135:1141 glucose residue 1127:1141 glucose residue 1127:1141 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 0 39 theme Laser 0:4 arg1 microdissection 6:20 Laser microdissection 0:20 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 0:277 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 40 dep parts 852:856 arg1 rhizome 859:865 rhizome 859:865 rhizome 859:865 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 40 dep parts 852:856 arg1 roots 886:890 main and branched roots 868:890 main and branched roots 868:890 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 0 41 from medicine 246:253 arg1 analysis 208:215 histochemical analysis 194:215 histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine 194:253 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 0 42 theme hyphenated 22:31 arg1 microdissection 6:20 Laser microdissection 0:20 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 0:277 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 1 43 theme histochemical 335:347 arg1 analysis 349:356 histochemical analysis 335:356 histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 335:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 3 44 theme monosaccharide 799:812 arg1 compositions 814:825 monosaccharide compositions 799:825 monosaccharide compositions 799:825 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 0 45 theme high 38:41 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 4 46 contain contained 1045:1053 arg1 " 1011:1011 ginseng "flesh" 997:1011 ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) 997:1043 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 46 contain contained 1045:1053 arg2 polysaccharides 1060:1074 more polysaccharides 1055:1074 more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue 1055:1141 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 0 47 with hyphenated 22:31 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 0 47 with hyphenated 22:31 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 0 48 theme gel 55:57 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 49 theme macro-dissected 836:850 arg1 parts 852:856 three macro-dissected parts 830:856 three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) 830:891 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 4 50 dep acid 1307:1310 arg1 e.g. 1289:1292 e.g. 1289:1292 e.g. 1289:1292 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 tissues 918:924 five micro-dissected tissues 897:924 five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal) 897:970 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 parts 852:856 three macro-dissected parts 830:856 three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) 830:891 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 canal 965:969 resin canal 959:969 resin canal 959:969 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 51 from compositions 814:825 arg1 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 6 52 theme revealed 1531:1538 arg1 distribution 1551:1562 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern 1527:1587 distribution 1551:1562 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 1 53 from medicines 387:395 arg1 analysis 349:356 histochemical analysis 335:356 histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 335:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 54 theme ginseng 1152:1158 arg1 " 1165:1165 ginseng "skin" 1152:1165 ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) 1152:1183 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 0 55 theme herbal 239:244 arg1 medicine 246:253 herbal medicine 239:253 herbal medicine 239:253 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 4 56 theme skin 1161:1164 arg1 " 1165:1165 ginseng "skin" 1152:1165 ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) 1152:1183 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 57 theme ultra-performance 526:542 arg1 chromatography 551:564 ultra-performance liquid chromatography 526:564 ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 526:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 1 58 theme new 304:306 arg1 approach 322:329 a new combinatorial approach 302:329 a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 302:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 59 theme ginseng 997:1003 arg1 " 1011:1011 ginseng "flesh" 997:1011 ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) 997:1043 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 60 dep showed 985:990 arg1 whereas 1144:1150 whereas 1144:1150 whereas 1144:1150 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 61 theme molecular 1224:1232 arg1 weights 1234:1240 smaller molecular weights 1216:1240 smaller molecular weights 1216:1240 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 0 62 theme case 267:270 arg1 study 272:276 a case study 265:276 a case study 265:276 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 0 62 theme case 267:270 arg1 Ginseng 256:262 Ginseng 256:262 Ginseng 256:262 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 63 theme quantitative 690:701 arg1 characterization 703:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization 658:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides 658:745 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 6 64 theme polysaccharides 1600:1614 arg1 distribution 1551:1562 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern 1527:1587 distribution 1551:1562 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 6 64 theme polysaccharides 1600:1614 arg1 pattern 1581:1587 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern 1527:1587 pattern 1581:1587 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 3 65 theme micro-dissected 902:916 arg1 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 xylem 941:945 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 65 theme micro-dissected 902:916 arg1 tissues 918:924 five micro-dissected tissues 897:924 five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal) 897:970 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 65 theme micro-dissected 902:916 arg1 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 cork 927:930 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 65 theme micro-dissected 902:916 arg1 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 phloem 948:953 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 65 theme micro-dissected 902:916 arg1 canal 965:969 resin canal 959:969 resin canal 959:969 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 3 65 theme micro-dissected 902:916 arg1 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 cortex 933:938 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 0 66 theme mass 172:175 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 1 67 theme quadrupole 589:598 arg1 spectrometry 605:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 3 68 theme qualitative 674:684 arg1 characterization 703:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization 658:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides 658:745 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 4 69 theme fewer 1189:1193 arg1 polysaccharides 1195:1209 fewer polysaccharides 1189:1209 fewer polysaccharides 1189:1209 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 70 theme permeation 458:467 arg1 chromatography 469:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography 437:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 437:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 3 71 theme polysaccharides 731:745 arg1 characterization 703:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization 658:718 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides 658:745 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 6 72 theme accumulation 1568:1579 arg1 pattern 1581:1587 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern 1527:1587 pattern 1581:1587 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 2 73 theme study 645:649 arg1 Ginseng 619:625 Ginseng 619:625 Ginseng 619:625 Ginseng was employed as a study model. 28867225 2 73 theme study 645:649 arg1 model 651:655 a study model 643:655 a study model 643:655 Ginseng was employed as a study model. 28867225 4 74 theme non-glucose 1263:1273 arg1 constituents 1275:1286 non-glucose constituents 1263:1286 non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose) 1263:1346 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 75 theme flesh 1006:1010 arg1 " 1011:1011 ginseng "flesh" 997:1011 ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) 997:1043 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 6 76 theme clinical 1787:1794 arg1 application 1796:1806 empirical clinical application 1777:1806 empirical clinical application 1777:1806 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 0 77 theme polysaccharides 220:234 arg1 analysis 208:215 histochemical analysis 194:215 histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine 194:253 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 1 78 theme charged 497:503 arg1 detector 513:520 charged aerosol detector 497:520 charged aerosol detector 497:520 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 0 79 theme aerosol 93:99 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 4 80 dep " 1011:1011 arg1 phloem 1021:1026 phloem 1021:1026 phloem 1021:1026 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 80 dep " 1011:1011 arg1 canal 1038:1042 resin canal 1032:1042 resin canal 1032:1042 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 80 dep " 1011:1011 arg1 xylem 1014:1018 xylem 1014:1018 xylem 1014:1018 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 6 81 theme scientific 1635:1644 arg1 understanding 1646:1658 the scientific understanding 1631:1658 the scientific understanding of ginseng 1631:1669 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 4 82 theme larger 1081:1086 arg1 weights 1098:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 0 83 theme performance 120:130 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 6 84 theme evaluation 1755:1764 arg1 transportation 1702:1715 transportation 1702:1715 transportation 1702:1715 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 6 84 theme evaluation 1755:1764 arg1 biosynthesis 1685:1696 biosynthesis 1685:1696 biosynthesis 1685:1696 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 6 85 dep biosynthesis 1685:1696 arg1 the 1681:1683 the 1681:1683 the 1681:1683 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 5 86 theme flesh 1407:1411 arg1 " 1412:1412 the "flesh" 1402:1412 the "flesh" 1402:1412 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 0 87 theme chromatography-triple 139:159 arg1 spectrometry 177:188 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 spectrometry 177:188 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 6 88 theme medicinal 1737:1745 arg1 evaluation 1755:1764 medicinal quality evaluation 1737:1764 medicinal quality evaluation 1737:1764 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 5 89 theme pectins 1518:1524 arg1 proportion 1497:1506 a higher proportion 1488:1506 a higher proportion of acidic pectins 1488:1524 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 4 90 theme galacturonic 1294:1305 arg1 acid 1307:1310 galacturonic acid 1294:1310 galacturonic acid 1294:1310 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 91 theme performance 442:452 arg1 chromatography 469:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography 437:482 high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 437:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 6 92 theme polysaccharides 1720:1734 arg1 transportation 1702:1715 transportation 1702:1715 transportation 1702:1715 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 6 92 theme polysaccharides 1720:1734 arg1 biosynthesis 1685:1696 biosynthesis 1685:1696 biosynthesis 1685:1696 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 4 93 contain had 1185:1187 arg2 polysaccharides 1195:1209 fewer polysaccharides 1189:1209 fewer polysaccharides 1189:1209 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 93 contain had 1185:1187 arg1 " 1165:1165 ginseng "skin" 1152:1165 ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) 1152:1183 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 94 dep " 1165:1165 arg1 cortex 1177:1182 cortex 1177:1182 cortex 1177:1182 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 94 dep " 1165:1165 arg1 cork 1168:1171 cork 1168:1171 cork 1168:1171 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 95 theme residue 1135:1141 arg1 weights 1098:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 95 theme residue 1135:1141 arg1 ratios 1117:1122 higher ratios 1110:1122 higher ratios of glucose residue 1110:1141 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 96 with hyphenated 566:575 arg1 spectrometry 605:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 0 97 theme performance 43:53 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 3 98 theme molar 782:786 arg1 masses 788:793 their molar masses 776:793 their molar masses 776:793 Tissue-specific qualitative and quantitative characterization of ginseng polysaccharides was performed by determining their molar masses and monosaccharide compositions in three macro-dissected parts (rhizome, main and branched roots) and five micro-dissected tissues (cork, cortex, xylem, phloem and resin canal). 28867225 1 99 theme mass 600:603 arg1 spectrometry 605:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 582:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 0 100 theme permeation 59:68 arg1 detector 101:108 high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 38:188 detector 101:108 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 1 101 theme polysaccharides 361:375 arg1 analysis 349:356 histochemical analysis 335:356 histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 335:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 102 theme higher 1110:1115 arg1 ratios 1117:1122 higher ratios 1110:1122 higher ratios of glucose residue 1110:1141 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 1 103 theme herbal 380:385 arg1 medicines 387:395 herbal medicines 380:395 herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry 380:616 This study establishes a new combinatorial approach for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicines using laser microdissection followed by high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector and ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. 28867225 4 104 with polysaccharides 1060:1074 arg1 weights 1098:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 larger molecular weights 1081:1104 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 4 104 with polysaccharides 1060:1074 arg1 ratios 1117:1122 higher ratios 1110:1122 higher ratios of glucose residue 1110:1141 The results showed that ginseng "flesh" (xylem, phloem and resin canal) contained more polysaccharides with larger molecular weights and higher ratios of glucose residue, whereas ginseng "skin" (cork and cortex) had fewer polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights and higher ratios of non-glucose constituents (e.g. galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose and rhamnose). 28867225 5 105 theme skin 1474:1477 arg1 " 1478:1478 the "skin" 1469:1478 the "skin" 1469:1478 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 5 106 theme starch-like 1433:1443 arg1 polysaccharides 1383:1397 the polysaccharides 1379:1397 the polysaccharides of the "flesh" 1379:1412 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 5 106 theme starch-like 1433:1443 arg1 glucans 1445:1451 predominantly starch-like glucans 1419:1451 predominantly starch-like glucans 1419:1451 These findings suggested that the polysaccharides of the "flesh" were predominantly starch-like glucans, while those of the "skin" were of a higher proportion of acidic pectins. 28867225 6 107 theme histologic 1540:1549 arg1 distribution 1551:1562 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern 1527:1587 distribution 1551:1562 The revealed histologic distribution and accumulation pattern of ginseng polysaccharides contributes to the scientific understanding of ginseng regarding the biosynthesis and transportation of polysaccharides, medicinal quality evaluation as well as empirical clinical application. 28867225 0 108 dep microdissection 6:20 arg1 study 272:276 a case study 265:276 a case study 265:276 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 28867225 0 108 dep microdissection 6:20 arg1 Ginseng 256:262 Ginseng 256:262 Ginseng 256:262 Laser microdissection hyphenated with high performance gel permeation chromatography-charged aerosol detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for histochemical analysis of polysaccharides in herbal medicine: Ginseng, a case study. 25095410 2 0 theme remarkable 516:525 arg1 compositions 537:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 4 1 theme IR 859:860 arg1 spectra 862:868 the IR spectra 855:868 the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons 855:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 2 theme peaks 1049:1053 arg1 presence 1037:1044 the presence 1033:1044 the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1033:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 2 theme peaks 1049:1053 arg1 number 918:923 the wave number 909:923 the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 909:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 3 3 theme IR 609:610 arg1 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 3 theme IR 609:610 arg1 spectra 612:618 2DCOS IR spectra 603:618 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam 603:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 1 4 theme loddigesii 244:253 arg1 DR 263:264 DR 263:264 DR 263:264 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 4 theme loddigesii 244:253 arg1 Rolfes 255:260 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes 233:260 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) 233:265 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 3 5 contain had 757:759 arg1 DRs 740:742 DRs 740:742 DRs from Guagnxi 740:755 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 5 contain had 757:759 arg2 peak 775:778 the strongest peak 761:778 the strongest peak 761:778 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 6 from Guagnxi 749:755 arg1 DRs 740:742 DRs 740:742 DRs from Guagnxi 740:755 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 1 7 theme infrared 163:170 arg1 spectroscopy 172:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy 135:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) 135:194 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 7 theme infrared 163:170 arg1 IR 192:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 4 8 theme peaks 932:936 arg1 presence 1037:1044 the presence 1033:1044 the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1033:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 8 theme peaks 932:936 arg1 number 918:923 the wave number 909:923 the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 909:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 5 9 theme conditions 1331:1340 arg1 changes 1367:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 2 10 theme different 456:464 arg1 regions 466:472 different regions 456:472 different regions 456:472 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 5 11 theme composition 1343:1353 arg1 changes 1367:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 0 12 from periods 74:80 arg1 Rolfes 32:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes 10:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods 10:80 [Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR]. 25095410 4 13 theme wave 913:916 arg1 number 918:923 the wave number 909:923 the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 909:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 3 14 from spectra 612:618 arg1 Vietnam 632:638 Vietnam 632:638 Vietnam 632:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 4 15 theme 034 944:946 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 15 theme 034 944:946 arg1 023 963:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 16 from DRs 1202:1204 arg1 ketones 1189:1195 ketones 1189:1195 ketones 1189:1195 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 16 from DRs 1202:1204 arg1 polysaccharides 1169:1183 polysaccharides 1169:1183 polysaccharides 1169:1183 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 16 from DRs 1202:1204 arg1 accumulation 1153:1164 the accumulation 1149:1164 the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline 1149:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 1 17 theme dimensional 139:149 arg1 spectroscopy 172:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy 135:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) 135:194 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 17 theme dimensional 139:149 arg1 IR 192:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 3 18 contain had 671:673 arg2 peaks 706:710 seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks 675:710 seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks 675:710 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 18 contain had 671:673 arg1 spectra 612:618 2DCOS IR spectra 603:618 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam 603:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 18 contain had 671:673 arg1 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 4 19 theme periodic 1098:1105 arg1 changes 1107:1113 obvious periodic changes 1090:1113 obvious periodic changes 1090:1113 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 20 from peaks 999:1003 arg1 6174 1011:1014 1 6174 1009:1014 1 6174 1009:1014 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 20 from peaks 999:1003 arg1 cm-1 1016:1019 (1 6174)cm-1 1008:1019 (1 6174)cm-1 1008:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 2 21 theme cm-1had 409:415 arg1 035 360:362 1 035 358:362 1 035 358:362 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 21 theme cm-1had 409:415 arg1 differences 429:439 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences 372:439 differences 429:439 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 4 22 theme peaks 999:1003 arg1 number 983:988 the wave number 974:988 the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 974:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 22 theme peaks 999:1003 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 2 23 theme 156 381:383 arg1 035 360:362 1 035 358:362 1 035 358:362 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 23 theme 156 381:383 arg1 differences 429:439 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences 372:439 differences 429:439 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 4 24 from accumulation 1153:1164 arg1 DRs 1202:1204 DRs 1202:1204 DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline 1202:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 25 theme wave 978:981 arg1 number 983:988 the wave number 974:988 the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 974:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 25 theme wave 978:981 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 0 26 theme Dendrobium 10:19 arg1 Rolfes 32:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes 10:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods 10:80 [Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR]. 25095410 1 27 theme Infrared 92:99 arg1 IR 115:116 IR 115:116 IR 115:116 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 27 theme Infrared 92:99 arg1 Spectroscopy 101:112 Infrared Spectroscopy 92:112 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) 92:194 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 4 28 dep showed 1083:1088 arg1 indicated 1139:1147 indicated 1139:1147 indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline 1139:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 29 from cm- 967:969 arg1 presence 1037:1044 the presence 1033:1044 the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1033:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 29 from cm- 967:969 arg1 number 918:923 the wave number 909:923 the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 909:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 30 theme evident 1219:1225 arg1 discipline 1248:1257 an evident periodic variability discipline 1216:1257 an evident periodic variability discipline 1216:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 0 31 theme different 44:52 arg1 regions 54:60 different regions 44:60 different regions 44:60 [Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR]. 25095410 1 32 theme harvesting 294:303 arg1 periods 305:311 harvesting periods 294:311 harvesting periods 294:311 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 4 33 theme different 882:890 arg1 seasons 900:906 different harvest seasons 882:906 different harvest seasons 882:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 3 34 theme 2DCOS 603:607 arg1 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 34 theme 2DCOS 603:607 arg1 spectra 612:618 2DCOS IR spectra 603:618 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam 603:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 4 35 theme variability 1236:1246 arg1 discipline 1248:1257 an evident periodic variability discipline 1216:1257 an evident periodic variability discipline 1216:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 3 36 theme other 829:833 arg1 cm 844:845 980 cm -1 840:848 980 cm -1 840:848 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 36 theme other 829:833 arg1 DRs 835:837 other DRs 829:837 other DRs (980 cm -1) 829:849 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 4 37 from peaks 932:936 arg1 number 983:988 the wave number 974:988 the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 974:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 37 from peaks 932:936 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 37 from peaks 932:936 arg1 023 963:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 38 from cm-1 1077:1080 arg1 presence 1037:1044 the presence 1033:1044 the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1033:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 38 from cm-1 1077:1080 arg1 number 918:923 the wave number 909:923 the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 909:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 3 39 theme DRs 623:625 arg1 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 39 theme DRs 623:625 arg1 spectra 612:618 2DCOS IR spectra 603:618 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam 603:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 1 40 theme Dendrobium 233:242 arg1 DR 263:264 DR 263:264 DR 263:264 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 40 theme Dendrobium 233:242 arg1 Rolfes 255:260 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes 233:260 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) 233:265 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 5 41 from exploitations 1415:1427 arg1 significant 1391:1401 significant 1391:1401 significant 1391:1401 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 4 42 theme DRs 873:875 arg1 spectra 862:868 the IR spectra 855:868 the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons 855:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 2 43 from regions 466:472 arg1 DRs 447:449 DRs 447:449 DRs from different regions 447:472 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 44 theme different 491:499 arg1 DRs 501:503 different DRs 491:503 different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters 491:600 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 4 45 theme key 928:930 arg1 peaks 932:936 key peaks 928:936 key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 928:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 1 46 theme correlation 151:161 arg1 spectroscopy 172:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy 135:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) 135:194 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 46 theme correlation 151:161 arg1 IR 192:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 3 47 from Vietnam 632:638 arg1 DRs 623:625 DRs 623:625 DRs from Vietnam 623:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 47 from Vietnam 632:638 arg1 spectra 612:618 2DCOS IR spectra 603:618 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam 603:638 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 3 47 from Vietnam 632:638 arg1 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 Guizhou 658:664 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 5 48 theme growth 1324:1329 arg1 conditions 1331:1340 their growth conditions 1318:1340 their growth conditions 1318:1340 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 2 49 theme different 527:535 arg1 compositions 537:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 5 50 from utilizations 1433:1444 arg1 significant 1391:1401 significant 1391:1401 significant 1391:1401 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 4 51 theme minor 993:997 arg1 peaks 999:1003 minor peaks 993:1003 minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 993:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 1 52 theme 2DCOS 186:190 arg1 spectroscopy 172:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy 135:183 two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) 135:194 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 1 52 theme 2DCOS 186:190 arg1 IR 192:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 2DCOS IR 186:193 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 4 53 theme ketones 1189:1195 arg1 accumulation 1153:1164 the accumulation 1149:1164 the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline 1149:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 54 dep 078 1060:1062 arg1 079 1073:1075 079 1073:1075 079 1073:1075 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 5 55 theme acquiring 1308:1316 arg1 changes 1367:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 4 56 from seasons 900:906 arg1 DRs 873:875 DRs 873:875 DRs from different harvest seasons 873:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 56 from seasons 900:906 arg1 spectra 862:868 the IR spectra 855:868 the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons 855:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 2 57 contain containing 505:514 arg2 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 57 contain containing 505:514 arg2 compositions 537:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 57 contain containing 505:514 arg1 DRs 501:503 different DRs 491:503 different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters 491:600 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 5 58 theme DR 1449:1450 arg1 exploitations 1415:1427 rational exploitations 1406:1427 rational exploitations 1406:1427 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 5 58 theme DR 1449:1450 arg1 utilizations 1433:1444 utilizations 1433:1444 utilizations of DR 1433:1450 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 0 59 theme harvest 66:72 arg1 periods 74:80 harvest periods 66:80 harvest periods 66:80 [Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR]. 25095410 4 60 from number 918:923 arg1 number 983:988 the wave number 974:988 the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 974:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 60 from number 918:923 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 60 from number 918:923 arg1 023 963:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 60 from number 918:923 arg1 cm-1 1077:1080 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1058:1080 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1058:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 61 theme approximately1 948:961 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 61 theme approximately1 948:961 arg1 023 963:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 62 from spectra 862:868 arg1 seasons 900:906 different harvest seasons 882:906 different harvest seasons 882:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 2 63 theme ketones 583:589 arg1 compositions 537:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 63 theme ketones 583:589 arg1 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 64 theme perceptible 417:427 arg1 035 360:362 1 035 358:362 1 035 358:362 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 64 theme perceptible 417:427 arg1 differences 429:439 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences 372:439 differences 429:439 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 0 65 from regions 54:60 arg1 Rolfes 32:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes 10:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods 10:80 [Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR]. 25095410 4 66 from peaks 1049:1053 arg1 cm-1 1077:1080 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1058:1080 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1058:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 2 67 theme polysaccharides 566:580 arg1 compositions 537:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 67 theme polysaccharides 566:580 arg1 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 3 68 theme auto 701:704 arg1 peaks 706:710 seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks 675:710 seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks 675:710 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 4 69 theme obvious 1090:1096 arg1 changes 1107:1113 obvious periodic changes 1090:1113 obvious periodic changes 1090:1113 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 70 from presence 1037:1044 arg1 number 983:988 the wave number 974:988 the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 974:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 70 from presence 1037:1044 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 70 from presence 1037:1044 arg1 023 963:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 1 034 approximately1 023 942:965 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 70 from presence 1037:1044 arg1 cm-1 1077:1080 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1058:1080 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1 1058:1080 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 71 from number 983:988 arg1 6174 1011:1014 1 6174 1009:1014 1 6174 1009:1014 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 71 from number 983:988 arg1 cm-1 1016:1019 (1 6174)cm-1 1008:1019 (1 6174)cm-1 1008:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 3 72 theme strongest 765:773 arg1 peak 775:778 the strongest peak 761:778 the strongest peak 761:778 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 2 73 theme esters 595:600 arg1 compositions 537:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 remarkable different compositions 516:548 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 2 73 theme esters 595:600 arg1 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 contents 554:561 The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 25095410 4 74 theme polysaccharides 1169:1183 arg1 accumulation 1153:1164 the accumulation 1149:1164 the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline 1149:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 0 75 theme loddigesii 21:30 arg1 Rolfes 32:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes 10:37 Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods 10:80 [Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR]. 25095410 3 76 dep spectra 612:618 arg1 each 666:669 each 666:669 each 666:669 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). 25095410 5 77 theme content 1359:1365 arg1 changes 1367:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes 1308:1373 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 1 78 theme different 272:280 arg1 regions 282:288 different regions 272:288 different regions 272:288 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. 25095410 5 79 from application 1264:1274 arg1 DRs 1287:1289 DRs 1287:1289 DRs 1287:1289 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 4 80 from cm-1 1016:1019 arg1 number 983:988 the wave number 974:988 the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1 974:1019 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 80 from cm-1 1016:1019 arg1 cm- 967:969 cm- 1 967:971 cm- 1 967:971 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 4 81 theme periodic 1227:1234 arg1 discipline 1248:1257 an evident periodic variability discipline 1216:1257 an evident periodic variability discipline 1216:1257 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 5 82 from significant 1391:1401 arg1 exploitations 1415:1427 rational exploitations 1406:1427 rational exploitations 1406:1427 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 5 82 from significant 1391:1401 arg1 utilizations 1433:1444 utilizations 1433:1444 utilizations of DR 1433:1450 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 4 83 theme harvest 892:898 arg1 seasons 900:906 different harvest seasons 882:906 different harvest seasons 882:906 In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. 25095410 5 84 theme FTIR 1279:1282 arg1 application 1264:1274 The application 1260:1274 The application of FTIR in DRs 1260:1289 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 25095410 5 85 theme rational 1406:1413 arg1 exploitations 1415:1427 rational exploitations 1406:1427 rational exploitations 1406:1427 The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR 27163434 0 0 from study 10:14 arg1 effects 19:25 effects 19:25 effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 19:83 A precise study on effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency. 27163434 5 1 theme extracted 807:815 arg1 xylans 826:831 The extracted hardwood xylans 803:831 The extracted hardwood xylans 803:831 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 5 2 contain have 833:836 arg1 xylans 826:831 The extracted hardwood xylans 803:831 The extracted hardwood xylans 803:831 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 5 2 contain have 833:836 arg2 ingredient 861:870 an ingredient 858:870 an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries 858:912 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 5 2 contain have 833:836 arg2 potential 845:853 strong potential 838:853 strong potential 838:853 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 6 3 theme molar 999:1003 arg1 distributions 1010:1022 molar mass distributions 999:1022 molar mass distributions 999:1022 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 7 4 theme minor 1214:1218 arg1 roles 1220:1224 minor roles 1214:1224 minor roles 1214:1224 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 7 5 theme hardwood 1160:1167 arg1 species 1169:1175 the hardwood species 1156:1175 the hardwood species 1156:1175 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 4 6 theme alkaline 618:625 arg1 treatments 627:636 alkaline treatments 618:636 alkaline treatments 618:636 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 7 7 theme applied 1194:1200 arg1 base 1202:1205 applied base 1194:1205 applied base 1194:1205 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 6 8 theme efficiencies 982:993 arg1 dependencies 951:962 strong dependencies 944:962 strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 944:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 4 9 theme different 641:649 arg1 temperatures 651:662 different temperatures 641:662 different temperatures 641:662 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 3 10 theme alkaline 421:428 arg1 extractions 430:440 alkaline extractions 421:440 alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 421:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 3 11 from extractions 430:440 arg1 evaluation 380:389 the evaluation 376:389 the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 376:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 7 12 theme base 1202:1205 arg1 pulps 1149:1153 the initial pulps 1137:1153 the initial pulps 1137:1153 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 7 12 theme base 1202:1205 arg1 type 1186:1189 the type 1182:1189 the type of applied base 1182:1205 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 7 12 theme base 1202:1205 arg1 species 1169:1175 the hardwood species 1156:1175 the hardwood species 1156:1175 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 6 13 theme hemicelluloses 1027:1040 arg1 efficiencies 982:993 extraction efficiencies 971:993 extraction efficiencies 971:993 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 6 13 theme hemicelluloses 1027:1040 arg1 distributions 1010:1022 molar mass distributions 999:1022 molar mass distributions 999:1022 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 2 14 theme enzymatic 332:340 arg1 treatments 342:351 enzymatic treatments 332:351 enzymatic treatments 332:351 Current strategies include alkaline extractions and enzymatic treatments. 27163434 3 15 theme extraction 394:403 arg1 efficiencies 405:416 extraction efficiencies 394:416 extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 394:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 4 16 dep subjected 605:613 arg1 followed 722:729 followed 722:729 followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 722:800 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 7 17 theme type 1186:1189 arg1 content 1126:1132 The hemicellulose content 1108:1132 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base 1108:1205 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 4 18 theme white 687:691 arg1 source 714:719 the alkali source 703:719 the alkali source 703:719 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 4 18 theme white 687:691 arg1 liquor 693:698 white liquor 687:698 white liquor 687:698 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 1 19 theme process 178:184 arg1 steps 186:190 process steps 178:190 process steps 178:190 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 27163434 3 20 theme efficiencies 405:416 arg1 evaluation 380:389 the evaluation 376:389 the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 376:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 4 21 theme alkali 707:712 arg1 source 714:719 the alkali source 703:719 the alkali source 703:719 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 4 21 theme alkali 707:712 arg1 liquor 693:698 white liquor 687:698 white liquor 687:698 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 0 22 theme precise 2:8 arg1 study 10:14 A precise study 0:14 A precise study on effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 0:83 A precise study on effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency. 27163434 5 23 theme strong 838:843 arg1 potential 845:853 strong potential 838:853 strong potential 838:853 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 5 23 theme strong 838:843 arg1 ingredient 861:870 an ingredient 858:870 an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries 858:912 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 5 24 theme hardwood 817:824 arg1 xylans 826:831 The extracted hardwood xylans 803:831 The extracted hardwood xylans 803:831 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 6 25 theme extraction 971:980 arg1 efficiencies 982:993 extraction efficiencies 971:993 extraction efficiencies 971:993 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 6 26 theme temperature 1070:1080 arg1 variables 1057:1065 the process variables 1045:1065 the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 1045:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 3 27 dep eucalyptus 550:559 arg1 globulus 573:580 Eucalyptus globulus 562:580 Eucalyptus globulus 562:580 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 6 28 theme strong 944:949 arg1 dependencies 951:962 strong dependencies 944:962 strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 944:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 5 29 theme food 879:882 arg1 industries 903:912 the food and pharmaceutical industries 875:912 the food and pharmaceutical industries 875:912 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 7 30 theme species 1169:1175 arg1 content 1126:1132 The hemicellulose content 1108:1132 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base 1108:1205 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 1 31 theme low-molecular 202:214 arg1 macromolecules 230:243 low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules 202:243 low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses 202:277 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 27163434 4 32 theme lyes 797:800 arg1 analyses 734:741 analyses 734:741 analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 734:800 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 1 33 theme paper-grade 104:114 arg1 pulps 116:120 paper-grade pulps 104:120 paper-grade pulps 104:120 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 27163434 6 34 theme mass 1005:1008 arg1 distributions 1010:1022 molar mass distributions 999:1022 molar mass distributions 999:1022 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 1 35 theme noncellulosic 216:228 arg1 macromolecules 230:243 low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules 202:243 low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses 202:277 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 27163434 3 36 theme species 485:491 arg1 extractions 430:440 alkaline extractions 421:440 alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 421:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 6 37 theme process 1049:1055 arg1 variables 1057:1065 the process variables 1045:1065 the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 1045:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 3 38 from efficiencies 405:416 arg1 extractions 430:440 alkaline extractions 421:440 alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 421:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 3 39 dep beech 494:498 arg1 sylvatica 507:515 Fagus sylvatica 501:515 Fagus sylvatica 501:515 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 6 40 theme alkalinity 1096:1105 arg1 variables 1057:1065 the process variables 1045:1065 the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 1045:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 6 41 from dependencies 951:962 arg1 variables 1057:1065 the process variables 1045:1065 the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 1045:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 3 42 dep focused 365:371 arg1 eucalyptus 550:559 eucalyptus 550:559 eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) 550:581 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 3 42 dep focused 365:371 arg1 beech 494:498 beech 494:498 beech (Fagus sylvatica) 494:516 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 3 42 dep focused 365:371 arg1 birch 519:523 birch 519:523 birch (Betula papyrifera) 519:543 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 3 43 theme interesting 464:474 arg1 species 485:491 three economically interesting hardwood species 445:491 three economically interesting hardwood species 445:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 7 44 theme pulps 1149:1153 arg1 content 1126:1132 The hemicellulose content 1108:1132 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base 1108:1205 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 0 45 theme hemicellulose 49:61 arg1 efficiency 74:83 alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 40:83 alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 40:83 A precise study on effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency. 27163434 1 46 theme pulps 116:120 arg1 conversion 90:99 The conversion 86:99 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps 86:142 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 27163434 3 47 theme hardwood 476:483 arg1 species 485:491 three economically interesting hardwood species 445:491 three economically interesting hardwood species 445:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 4 48 theme Substrate 584:592 arg1 pulps 594:598 Substrate pulps 584:598 Substrate pulps 584:598 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 6 49 theme Subsequent 915:924 arg1 analyses 926:933 Subsequent analyses 915:933 Subsequent analyses 915:933 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 5 50 from ingredient 861:870 arg1 industries 903:912 the food and pharmaceutical industries 875:912 the food and pharmaceutical industries 875:912 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 4 51 theme pulps 751:755 arg1 analyses 734:741 analyses 734:741 analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 734:800 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 2 52 theme alkaline 307:314 arg1 extractions 316:326 alkaline extractions 307:326 alkaline extractions 307:326 Current strategies include alkaline extractions and enzymatic treatments. 27163434 7 53 theme hemicellulose 1112:1124 arg1 content 1126:1132 The hemicellulose content 1108:1132 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base 1108:1205 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 1 54 theme dissolving 127:136 arg1 pulps 138:142 dissolving pulps 127:142 dissolving pulps 127:142 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 27163434 6 55 theme effective 1086:1094 arg1 alkalinity 1096:1105 effective alkalinity 1086:1105 effective alkalinity 1086:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 7 56 theme initial 1141:1147 arg1 pulps 1149:1153 the initial pulps 1137:1153 the initial pulps 1137:1153 The hemicellulose content of the initial pulps, the hardwood species, and the type of applied base played minor roles. 27163434 3 57 from evaluation 380:389 arg1 extractions 430:440 alkaline extractions 421:440 alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species 421:491 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 4 58 theme hemicellulose-containing 761:784 arg1 lyes 797:800 hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 761:800 hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 761:800 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 4 59 theme extraction 786:795 arg1 lyes 797:800 hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 761:800 hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes 761:800 Substrate pulps were subjected to alkaline treatments at different temperatures and alkalinities using white liquor as the alkali source, followed by analyses of both pulps and hemicellulose-containing extraction lyes. 27163434 0 60 theme extraction 63:72 arg1 efficiency 74:83 alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 40:83 alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 40:83 A precise study on effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency. 27163434 3 61 dep birch 519:523 arg1 papyrifera 533:542 Betula papyrifera 526:542 Betula papyrifera 526:542 This study focused on the evaluation of extraction efficiencies in alkaline extractions of three economically interesting hardwood species: beech (Fagus sylvatica), birch (Betula papyrifera), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus). 27163434 5 62 theme pharmaceutical 888:901 arg1 industries 903:912 the food and pharmaceutical industries 875:912 the food and pharmaceutical industries 875:912 The extracted hardwood xylans have strong potential as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 27163434 6 63 dep efficiencies 982:993 arg1 the 967:969 the 967:969 the 967:969 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 0 64 theme alkaline 40:47 arg1 efficiency 74:83 alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 40:83 alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency 40:83 A precise study on effects that trigger alkaline hemicellulose extraction efficiency. 27163434 6 65 theme distributions 1010:1022 arg1 dependencies 951:962 strong dependencies 944:962 strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity 944:1105 Subsequent analyses revealed strong dependencies of the extraction efficiencies and molar mass distributions of hemicelluloses on the process variables of temperature and effective alkalinity. 27163434 2 66 theme Current 280:286 arg1 strategies 288:297 Current strategies 280:297 Current strategies 280:297 Current strategies include alkaline extractions and enzymatic treatments. 27163434 1 67 theme efficient 153:161 arg1 strategies 163:172 efficient strategies 153:172 efficient strategies 153:172 The conversion of paper-grade pulps into dissolving pulps requires efficient strategies and process steps to remove low-molecular noncellulosic macromolecules generally known as hemicelluloses. 25325950 0 0 theme biologic 108:115 arg1 samples 117:123 biologic samples 108:123 biologic samples 108:123 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 5 1 theme tissue 815:820 arg1 samples 822:828 biologic tissue samples 806:828 biologic tissue samples 806:828 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 5 2 with step 955:958 arg1 2-aminoacridone 965:979 2-aminoacridone 965:979 2-aminoacridone 965:979 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 1 3 theme high 208:211 arg1 power 223:227 high resolving power 208:227 high resolving power 208:227 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 5 4 from terms 857:861 arg1 demanding 844:852 demanding 844:852 demanding 844:852 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 2 5 link sulfate-derived 405:419 arg1 disaccharides 421:433 the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides 358:433 disaccharides 421:433 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 0 6 from analysis 72:79 arg1 drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 0 6 from analysis 72:79 arg1 samples 117:123 biologic samples 108:123 biologic samples 108:123 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 1 7 with technique 193:201 arg1 sensitivity 233:243 sensitivity 233:243 sensitivity 233:243 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 1 7 with technique 193:201 arg1 power 223:227 high resolving power 208:227 high resolving power 208:227 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 3 8 dep pH 607:608 arg1 operating 610:618 operating 610:618 operating buffer 610:625 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 3 8 dep pH 607:608 arg1 reversed 631:638 reversed 631:638 reversed polarity 631:647 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 4 9 theme biologic 725:732 arg1 samples 734:740 biologic samples 725:740 biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) 725:768 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 1 10 theme resolving 213:221 arg1 power 223:227 high resolving power 208:227 high resolving power 208:227 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 3 11 theme specific 501:508 arg1 chondro/dermato-lyases 510:531 specific chondro/dermato-lyases 501:531 specific chondro/dermato-lyases 501:531 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 2 12 theme validated 322:330 arg1 protocols 332:340 validated protocols 322:340 validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides 322:433 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 5 13 from demanding 844:852 arg1 terms 857:861 terms 857:861 terms of detection sensitivity 857:886 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 3 14 theme capillary 567:575 arg1 electrophoresis 582:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 0 15 theme capillary 10:18 arg1 assays 36:41 capillary electrophoretic assays 10:41 capillary electrophoretic assays 10:41 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 5 16 theme detection 866:874 arg1 sensitivity 876:886 detection sensitivity 866:886 detection sensitivity 866:886 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 3 17 with degradation 461:471 arg1 electrophoresis 582:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 3 18 with analysis 553:560 arg1 electrophoresis 582:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 3 19 theme electrophoretic 537:551 arg1 analysis 553:560 electrophoretic analysis 537:560 electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis 537:596 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 3 20 theme polysaccharides 480:494 arg1 degradation 461:471 degradation 461:471 degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases 461:531 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 3 20 theme polysaccharides 480:494 arg1 analysis 553:560 electrophoretic analysis 537:560 electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis 537:596 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 2 21 theme sulfated 372:379 arg1 chondroitin 381:391 the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides 358:433 chondroitin 381:391 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 5 22 theme derivatization 940:953 arg1 advisable 991:999 advisable 991:999 advisable 991:999 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 5 22 theme derivatization 940:953 arg1 step 955:958 a derivatization step 938:958 a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone 938:979 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 5 23 theme samples 822:828 arg1 Analysis 794:801 Analysis 794:801 Analysis of biologic tissue samples 794:828 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 0 24 theme electrophoretic 20:34 arg1 assays 36:41 capillary electrophoretic assays 10:41 capillary electrophoretic assays 10:41 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 4 25 dep samples 734:740 arg1 serum 749:753 blood serum 743:753 blood serum 743:753 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 4 25 dep samples 734:740 arg1 capsule 761:767 lens capsule 756:767 lens capsule 756:767 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 3 26 with polysaccharides 480:494 arg1 chondro/dermato-lyases 510:531 specific chondro/dermato-lyases 501:531 specific chondro/dermato-lyases 501:531 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 4 27 theme lens 756:759 arg1 serum 749:753 blood serum 743:753 blood serum 743:753 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 4 27 theme lens 756:759 arg1 capsule 761:767 lens capsule 756:767 lens capsule 756:767 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 0 28 theme disaccharide 47:58 arg1 analysis 72:79 disaccharide composition analysis 47:79 disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals 47:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 4 29 theme drug/nutraceutical 687:704 arg1 formulations 706:717 drug/nutraceutical formulations 687:717 drug/nutraceutical formulations 687:717 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 3 30 theme low 603:605 arg1 pH 607:608 a low pH 601:608 a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity 601:647 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 3 31 theme zone 577:580 arg1 electrophoresis 582:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 capillary zone electrophoresis 567:596 These approaches involve degradation of the polysaccharides with specific chondro/dermato-lyases and electrophoretic analysis with capillary zone electrophoresis in a low pH operating buffer and reversed polarity. 25325950 5 32 theme concentration 898:910 arg1 steps 925:929 concentration pretreatment steps 898:929 concentration pretreatment steps 898:929 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 0 33 from galactosaminoglycans 84:103 arg1 drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 0 33 from galactosaminoglycans 84:103 arg1 samples 117:123 biologic samples 108:123 biologic samples 108:123 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 1 34 theme glycosaminoglycan 266:282 arg1 analysis 284:291 glycosaminoglycan analysis 266:291 glycosaminoglycan analysis 266:291 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 5 35 theme pretreatment 912:923 arg1 steps 925:929 concentration pretreatment steps 898:929 concentration pretreatment steps 898:929 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 1 36 theme Capillary 151:159 arg1 technique 193:201 a separation technique 180:201 a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis 180:291 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 1 36 theme Capillary 151:159 arg1 electrophoresis 161:175 Capillary electrophoresis 151:175 Capillary electrophoresis 151:175 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 0 37 theme composition 60:70 arg1 analysis 72:79 disaccharide composition analysis 47:79 disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals 47:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 1 38 with sensitivity 233:243 arg1 applications 250:261 applications 250:261 applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis 250:291 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 2 39 theme sulfate-derived 405:419 arg1 disaccharides 421:433 the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides 358:433 disaccharides 421:433 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 5 40 theme biologic 806:813 arg1 samples 822:828 biologic tissue samples 806:828 biologic tissue samples 806:828 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 25325950 0 41 from drugs/nutraceuticals 129:148 arg1 analysis 72:79 disaccharide composition analysis 47:79 disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals 47:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 1 42 from applications 250:261 arg1 analysis 284:291 glycosaminoglycan analysis 266:291 glycosaminoglycan analysis 266:291 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 2 43 theme dermatan 396:403 arg1 disaccharides 421:433 the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides 358:433 disaccharides 421:433 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 4 44 theme blood 743:747 arg1 serum 749:753 blood serum 743:753 blood serum 743:753 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 4 44 theme blood 743:747 arg1 capsule 761:767 lens capsule 756:767 lens capsule 756:767 This methodology has been applied to drug/nutraceutical formulations or to biologic samples (blood serum, lens capsule) and has been validated. 25325950 1 45 with power 223:227 arg1 applications 250:261 applications 250:261 applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis 250:291 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 2 46 attach present 314:320 arg2 we 311:312 we 311:312 we 311:312 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 2 46 attach present 314:320 arg1 chapter 302:308 this chapter 297:308 this chapter 297:308 In this chapter, we present validated protocols for determining the variously sulfated chondroitin or dermatan sulfate-derived disaccharides. 25325950 0 47 theme galactosaminoglycans 84:103 arg1 analysis 72:79 disaccharide composition analysis 47:79 disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals 47:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 0 48 from samples 117:123 arg1 analysis 72:79 disaccharide composition analysis 47:79 disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals 47:148 Validated capillary electrophoretic assays for disaccharide composition analysis of galactosaminoglycans in biologic samples and drugs/nutraceuticals. 25325950 1 49 theme separation 182:191 arg1 technique 193:201 a separation technique 180:201 a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis 180:291 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 1 49 theme separation 182:191 arg1 electrophoresis 161:175 Capillary electrophoresis 151:175 Capillary electrophoresis 151:175 Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique with high resolving power and sensitivity with applications in glycosaminoglycan analysis. 25325950 5 50 theme sensitivity 876:886 arg1 terms 857:861 terms 857:861 terms of detection sensitivity 857:886 Analysis of biologic tissue samples is often more demanding in terms of detection sensitivity, and thus concentration pretreatment steps and/or a derivatization step with 2-aminoacridone are often advisable. 27561524 4 0 theme present 761:767 arg1 Fucose 726:731 Fucose 726:731 Fucose 726:731 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 4 0 theme present 761:767 arg1 monosaccharide 746:759 the main monosaccharide 737:759 the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems 737:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 3 1 theme elemental 633:641 arg1 analysis 643:650 elemental analysis 633:650 elemental analysis 633:650 Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV-vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. 27561524 3 2 theme Compositional 545:557 arg1 analysis 559:566 Compositional analysis 545:566 Compositional analysis 545:566 Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV-vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. 27561524 2 3 theme solvents 333:340 arg1 conditions 270:279 Various conditions 262:279 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 262:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 5 4 dep scavenging 897:906 arg1 + 886:886 + 886:886 + 886:886 All CF showed antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging. 27561524 0 5 theme pressurized 95:105 arg1 extraction 114:123 pressurized liquid extraction 95:123 pressurized liquid extraction 95:123 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 7 6 theme emulsifiers 1181:1191 arg1 it 1122:1123 it 1122:1123 it 1122:1123 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 6 theme emulsifiers 1181:1191 arg1 method 1046:1051 an efficacious method 1031:1051 an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica 1031:1111 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 6 theme emulsifiers 1181:1191 arg1 source 1146:1151 a potential source 1134:1151 a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers 1134:1191 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 6 theme emulsifiers 1181:1191 arg1 PLE 1024:1026 PLE 1024:1026 PLE 1024:1026 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 4 7 theme solvent 795:801 arg1 systems 803:809 various solvent systems 787:809 various solvent systems 787:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 ethanol 425:431 25% ethanol 421:431 25% ethanol 421:431 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 acid 385:388 0.1% formic acid 373:388 0.1% formic acid 373:388 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 hydroxide 362:370 0.1% sodium hydroxide 350:370 0.1% sodium hydroxide 350:370 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 ethanol 408:414 50% ethanol 404:414 50% ethanol 404:414 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 water 343:347 water 343:347 water 343:347 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 8 dep solvents 333:340 arg1 ethanol 395:401 70% ethanol 391:401 70% ethanol 391:401 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 3 9 theme extracted 665:673 arg1 polysaccharides 675:689 extracted polysaccharides 665:689 extracted polysaccharides 665:689 Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV-vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. 27561524 7 10 theme natural 1156:1162 arg1 antioxidants 1164:1175 natural antioxidants 1156:1175 natural antioxidants 1156:1175 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 2 11 theme temperature 284:294 arg1 conditions 270:279 Various conditions 262:279 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 262:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 7 12 theme antioxidants 1164:1175 arg1 it 1122:1123 it 1122:1123 it 1122:1123 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 12 theme antioxidants 1164:1175 arg1 method 1046:1051 an efficacious method 1031:1051 an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica 1031:1111 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 12 theme antioxidants 1164:1175 arg1 source 1146:1151 a potential source 1134:1151 a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers 1134:1191 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 12 theme antioxidants 1164:1175 arg1 PLE 1024:1026 PLE 1024:1026 PLE 1024:1026 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 6 13 theme good 925:928 arg1 capacities 951:960 good emulsion-stabilizing capacities 925:960 good emulsion-stabilizing capacities 925:960 CF demonstrates good emulsion-stabilizing capacities, especially with vegetable oils. 27561524 0 14 theme liquid 107:112 arg1 extraction 114:123 pressurized liquid extraction 95:123 pressurized liquid extraction 95:123 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 2 15 theme % 406:406 arg1 ethanol 408:414 50% ethanol 404:414 50% ethanol 404:414 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 15 theme % 406:406 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 16 theme 70 391:392 arg1 % 393:393 % 393:393 % 393:393 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 4 17 theme various 787:793 arg1 systems 803:809 various solvent systems 787:809 various solvent systems 787:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 2 18 theme sodium 355:360 arg1 hydroxide 362:370 0.1% sodium hydroxide 350:370 0.1% sodium hydroxide 350:370 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 18 theme sodium 355:360 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 19 theme % 393:393 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 19 theme % 393:393 arg1 ethanol 395:401 70% ethanol 391:401 70% ethanol 391:401 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 3 20 theme molecular 576:584 arg1 weight 586:591 molecular weight 576:591 molecular weight 576:591 Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV-vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. 27561524 7 21 theme potential 1136:1144 arg1 source 1146:1151 a potential source 1134:1151 a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers 1134:1191 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 21 theme potential 1136:1144 arg1 it 1122:1123 it 1122:1123 it 1122:1123 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 2 22 theme pressure 308:315 arg1 conditions 270:279 Various conditions 262:279 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 262:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 23 theme % 353:353 arg1 hydroxide 362:370 0.1% sodium hydroxide 350:370 0.1% sodium hydroxide 350:370 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 23 theme % 353:353 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 0 24 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 activities 41:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities 0:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 0:124 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 0 25 dep Saccharina 69:78 arg1 japonica 80:87 Saccharina japonica 69:87 Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction 69:123 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 2 26 theme 0.1 350:352 arg1 % 353:353 % 353:353 % 353:353 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 27 theme best 453:456 arg1 yield 478:482 the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield 449:482 the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield 449:482 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 27 theme best 453:456 arg1 % 492:492 8.23% 488:492 8.23% 488:492 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 28 theme sodium 526:531 arg1 hydroxide 533:541 sodium hydroxide 526:541 sodium hydroxide 526:541 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 28 theme sodium 526:531 arg1 140°C 509:513 140°C 509:513 140°C 509:513 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 29 theme formic 378:383 arg1 acid 385:388 0.1% formic acid 373:388 0.1% formic acid 373:388 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 29 theme formic 378:383 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 0 30 theme antioxidant 12:22 arg1 activities 41:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities 0:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 0:124 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 5 31 theme antioxidant 826:836 arg1 activities 838:847 antioxidant activities 826:847 antioxidant activities 826:847 All CF showed antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging. 27561524 6 32 theme emulsion-stabilizing 930:949 arg1 capacities 951:960 good emulsion-stabilizing capacities 925:960 good emulsion-stabilizing capacities 925:960 CF demonstrates good emulsion-stabilizing capacities, especially with vegetable oils. 27561524 4 33 attach present 761:767 arg2 Fucose 726:731 Fucose 726:731 Fucose 726:731 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 4 33 attach present 761:767 arg1 CF 772:773 CF 772:773 CF obtained by various solvent systems 772:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 4 33 attach present 761:767 arg2 monosaccharide 746:759 the main monosaccharide 737:759 the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems 737:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 2 34 theme % 376:376 arg1 acid 385:388 0.1% formic acid 373:388 0.1% formic acid 373:388 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 34 theme % 376:376 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 0 35 theme emulsifying 29:39 arg1 activities 41:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities 0:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 0:124 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 1 36 from japonica 252:259 arg1 extract 178:184 extract 178:184 extract 178:184 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 0 37 from Saccharina 69:78 arg1 activities 41:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities 0:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 0:124 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 1 38 theme sulfated 186:193 arg1 fucoidan 212:219 fucoidan 212:219 fucoidan 212:219 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 1 38 theme sulfated 186:193 arg1 polysaccharides 195:209 sulfated polysaccharides 186:209 sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) 186:220 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 2 39 theme 0.1 373:375 arg1 % 376:376 % 376:376 % 376:376 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 40 theme 50 404:405 arg1 % 406:406 % 406:406 % 406:406 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 41 theme % 423:423 arg1 ethanol 425:431 25% ethanol 421:431 25% ethanol 421:431 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 41 theme % 423:423 arg1 solvents 333:340 solvents 333:340 solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 333:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 7 42 theme polysaccharides 1080:1094 arg1 yield 1071:1075 the yield 1067:1075 the yield of polysaccharides 1067:1094 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 4 43 from CF 772:773 arg1 present 761:767 present 761:767 present 761:767 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 5 44 theme ABTS 881:884 arg1 scavenging 897:906 DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging 864:906 scavenging 897:906 All CF showed antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging. 27561524 6 45 theme vegetable 979:987 arg1 oils 989:992 vegetable oils 979:992 vegetable oils 979:992 CF demonstrates good emulsion-stabilizing capacities, especially with vegetable oils. 27561524 4 46 theme main 741:744 arg1 Fucose 726:731 Fucose 726:731 Fucose 726:731 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 4 46 theme main 741:744 arg1 monosaccharide 746:759 the main monosaccharide 737:759 the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems 737:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 1 47 theme Pressurized 126:136 arg1 PLE 157:159 PLE 157:159 PLE 157:159 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 1 47 theme Pressurized 126:136 arg1 extraction 145:154 Pressurized liquid extraction 126:154 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) 126:160 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 2 48 theme fucoidan 464:471 arg1 yield 478:482 the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield 449:482 the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield 449:482 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 48 theme fucoidan 464:471 arg1 % 492:492 8.23% 488:492 8.23% 488:492 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 4 49 from present 761:767 arg1 CF 772:773 CF 772:773 CF obtained by various solvent systems 772:809 Fucose was the main monosaccharide present in CF obtained by various solvent systems. 27561524 1 50 theme liquid 138:143 arg1 PLE 157:159 PLE 157:159 PLE 157:159 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 1 50 theme liquid 138:143 arg1 extraction 145:154 Pressurized liquid extraction 126:154 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) 126:160 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 3 51 theme fucoidan 716:723 arg1 features 704:711 the features 700:711 the features of fucoidan 700:723 Compositional analysis, FT-IR, molecular weight, monosaccharides, TGA, UV-vis, XRD, and elemental analysis confirm that extracted polysaccharides revealed the features of fucoidan. 27561524 2 52 theme crude 458:462 arg1 fucoidan 464:471 crude fucoidan 458:471 the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield 449:482 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 2 52 theme crude 458:462 arg1 CF 474:475 CF 474:475 CF 474:475 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 5 53 theme radical 889:895 arg1 scavenging 897:906 DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging 864:906 scavenging 897:906 All CF showed antioxidant activities as measured by DPPH radical and ABTS(+) radical scavenging. 27561524 2 54 theme Various 262:268 arg1 conditions 270:279 Various conditions 262:279 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) 262:432 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 1 55 theme brown 227:231 arg1 japonica 252:259 brown seaweed Saccharina japonica 227:259 brown seaweed Saccharina japonica 227:259 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 2 56 theme 25 421:422 arg1 % 423:423 % 423:423 % 423:423 Various conditions of temperature (80-200°C), pressure (5-100bar), and solvents (water, 0.1% sodium hydroxide, 0.1% formic acid, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol, and 25% ethanol) were assessed; the best crude fucoidan (CF) yield was 8.23%, obtained from 140°C and 50bar (sodium hydroxide). 27561524 1 57 theme seaweed 233:239 arg1 japonica 252:259 brown seaweed Saccharina japonica 227:259 brown seaweed Saccharina japonica 227:259 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 0 58 theme fucoidan 55:62 arg1 activities 41:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities 0:50 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 0:124 Structural, antioxidant, and emulsifying activities of fucoidan from Saccharina japonica using pressurized liquid extraction. 27561524 1 59 used utilized 166:173 arg2 PLE 157:159 PLE 157:159 PLE 157:159 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 1 59 used utilized 166:173 arg2 extraction 145:154 Pressurized liquid extraction 126:154 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) 126:160 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 27561524 7 60 theme efficacious 1034:1044 arg1 method 1046:1051 an efficacious method 1031:1051 an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica 1031:1111 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 7 60 theme efficacious 1034:1044 arg1 PLE 1024:1026 PLE 1024:1026 PLE 1024:1026 This study demonstrates that PLE is an efficacious method for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides from S. japonica and that it could be a potential source of natural antioxidants and emulsifiers. 27561524 1 61 theme Saccharina 241:250 arg1 japonica 252:259 brown seaweed Saccharina japonica 227:259 brown seaweed Saccharina japonica 227:259 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was utilized to extract sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. 29145083 10 0 from bonds 1691:1695 arg1 EPS 1710:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 9 1 from composition 1520:1530 arg1 sludge 1565:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 7 2 theme humic 1087:1091 arg1 compounds 1093:1101 humic compounds 1087:1101 humic compounds 1087:1101 Moreover, the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS were ∼6 and ∼16-fold higher than that in EPSMono-ProS, respectively. 29145083 2 3 theme Proteinaceous 303:315 arg1 ProS 329:332 ProS 329:332 ProS 329:332 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 3 theme Proteinaceous 303:315 arg1 parts 403:407 intrinsic and important parts 379:407 intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems 379:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 3 theme Proteinaceous 303:315 arg1 substrates 317:326 Proteinaceous substrates 303:326 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form 303:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 1 4 theme wastewater 280:289 arg1 substrates 291:300 wastewater substrates 280:300 wastewater substrates 280:300 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 10 5 from dominance 1617:1625 arg1 EPS 1710:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 10 6 from EPS 1710:1712 arg1 dominance 1617:1625 the dominance 1613:1625 the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1613:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 12 7 theme wastewater 2050:2059 arg1 systems 2071:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 10 8 from hydrocarbon 1630:1640 arg1 EPS 1710:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 8 9 theme compounds 1229:1237 arg1 accumulation 1207:1218 The accumulation 1203:1218 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS 1203:1244 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 1 10 theme extracellular 200:212 arg1 substances 224:233 extracellular polymeric substances 200:233 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 200:239 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 1 10 theme extracellular 200:212 arg1 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 2 11 attach present 335:341 arg2 parts 403:407 intrinsic and important parts 379:407 intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems 379:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 11 attach present 335:341 arg2 ProS 329:332 ProS 329:332 ProS 329:332 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 11 attach present 335:341 arg1 form 370:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 11 attach present 335:341 arg2 substrates 317:326 Proteinaceous substrates 303:326 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form 303:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 10 12 theme Spectroscopic 1573:1585 arg1 characterization 1587:1602 Spectroscopic characterization 1573:1602 Spectroscopic characterization 1573:1602 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 11 13 theme protein 1785:1791 arg1 bonds 1804:1808 the protein associated bonds 1781:1808 the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) 1781:1835 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 1 14 theme substances 224:233 arg1 Characteristics 181:195 Characteristics 181:195 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge 181:259 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 10 15 theme hydrocarbon 1630:1640 arg1 dominance 1617:1625 the dominance 1613:1625 the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1613:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 9 16 theme molecular 1461:1469 arg1 clusters 1471:1478 more molecular clusters 1456:1478 more molecular clusters 1456:1478 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 4 17 theme EPS 718:720 arg1 EPS 718:720 EPS 718:720 EPS in activated sludge 718:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 17 theme EPS 718:720 arg1 compositions 680:691 compositions 680:691 compositions 680:691 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 17 theme EPS 718:720 arg1 groups 708:713 functional groups 697:713 functional groups 697:713 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 0 18 theme degree 145:150 arg1 impacts 119:125 the impacts 115:125 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 0:179 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 12 19 from characteristics 2013:2027 arg1 systems 2071:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 4 20 theme activated 725:733 arg1 sludge 735:740 activated sludge 725:740 activated sludge 725:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 11 21 theme polymerization 1750:1763 arg1 degree 1765:1770 polymerization degree 1750:1770 polymerization degree of ProS 1750:1778 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 0 22 theme proteinaceous 155:167 arg1 substrates 169:178 proteinaceous substrates 155:178 proteinaceous substrates 155:178 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 8 23 theme EPS 1283:1285 arg1 molecules 1287:1295 EPS molecules 1283:1295 EPS molecules 1283:1295 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 2 24 theme activated 456:464 arg1 systems 473:479 activated sludge systems 456:479 activated sludge systems 456:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 0 25 theme substances 77:86 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 0 25 theme substances 77:86 arg1 characterization 33:48 functional group characterization 16:48 functional group characterization 16:48 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 4 26 from impacts 595:601 arg1 EPS 718:720 EPS 718:720 EPS in activated sludge 718:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 26 from impacts 595:601 arg1 compositions 680:691 compositions 680:691 compositions 680:691 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 26 from impacts 595:601 arg1 groups 708:713 functional groups 697:713 functional groups 697:713 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 11 27 dep bonds 1804:1808 arg1 such 1811:1814 such 1811:1814 such 1811:1814 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 2 28 from present 335:341 arg1 form 370:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 0 29 from Composition 0:10 arg1 sludge 107:112 activated sludge 97:112 activated sludge 97:112 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 9 30 theme EPS 1535:1537 arg1 composition 1520:1530 more complex composition 1507:1530 more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1507:1570 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 2 31 theme substrates 423:432 arg1 parts 403:407 intrinsic and important parts 379:407 intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems 379:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 31 theme substrates 423:432 arg1 substrates 317:326 Proteinaceous substrates 303:326 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form 303:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 9 32 theme exclusion 1407:1415 arg1 SEC 1433:1435 SEC 1433:1435 SEC 1433:1435 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 9 32 theme exclusion 1407:1415 arg1 chromatography 1417:1430 Size exclusion chromatography 1402:1430 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses 1402:1445 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 9 33 theme HiP-ProS 1542:1549 arg1 sludge 1565:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 0 34 from characterization 33:48 arg1 sludge 107:112 activated sludge 97:112 activated sludge 97:112 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 8 35 theme electrons 1345:1353 arg1 transition 1355:1364 electrons transition 1345:1364 electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups 1345:1399 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 9 36 theme activated 1555:1563 arg1 sludge 1565:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 4 37 theme monomeric 606:614 arg1 ProS 672:675 monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS 606:675 monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS 606:675 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 0 38 theme functional 16:25 arg1 characterization 33:48 functional group characterization 16:48 functional group characterization 16:48 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 7 39 from proportion 1073:1082 arg1 EPSHiP-ProS 1122:1132 EPSHiP-ProS 1122:1132 EPSHiP-ProS 1122:1132 Moreover, the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS were ∼6 and ∼16-fold higher than that in EPSMono-ProS, respectively. 29145083 7 39 from proportion 1073:1082 arg1 EPSLoP-ProS 1106:1116 EPSLoP-ProS 1106:1116 EPSLoP-ProS 1106:1116 Moreover, the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS were ∼6 and ∼16-fold higher than that in EPSMono-ProS, respectively. 29145083 8 40 theme bonds 1375:1379 arg1 transition 1355:1364 electrons transition 1345:1364 electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups 1345:1399 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 10 41 theme associated 1680:1689 arg1 bonds 1691:1695 aromatic associated bonds 1671:1695 aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1671:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 5 42 theme polymerization 781:794 arg1 degree 796:801 polymerization degree 781:801 polymerization degree of ProS 781:809 The results showed that the change of polymerization degree of ProS significantly altered the composition of EPS. 29145083 8 43 theme aromatic 1385:1392 arg1 groups 1394:1399 aromatic groups 1385:1399 aromatic groups 1385:1399 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 0 44 theme extracellular 53:65 arg1 EPS 89:91 EPS 89:91 EPS 89:91 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 0 44 theme extracellular 53:65 arg1 substances 77:86 extracellular polymeric substances 53:86 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 53:92 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 2 45 theme heterogeneous 346:358 arg1 form 370:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 46 from microorganisms 438:451 arg1 systems 473:479 activated sludge systems 456:479 activated sludge systems 456:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 4 47 theme polymeric 629:637 arg1 ProS 672:675 monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS 606:675 monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS 606:675 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 2 48 theme important 393:401 arg1 parts 403:407 intrinsic and important parts 379:407 intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems 379:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 48 theme important 393:401 arg1 substrates 317:326 Proteinaceous substrates 303:326 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form 303:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 1 49 theme activated 244:252 arg1 sludge 254:259 activated sludge 244:259 activated sludge 244:259 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 0 50 theme polymeric 67:75 arg1 EPS 89:91 EPS 89:91 EPS 89:91 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 0 50 theme polymeric 67:75 arg1 substances 77:86 extracellular polymeric substances 53:86 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 53:92 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 0 51 dep Composition 0:10 arg1 impacts 119:125 the impacts 115:125 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 0:179 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 7 52 theme compounds 1093:1101 arg1 proportion 1073:1082 the proportion 1069:1082 the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS 1069:1132 Moreover, the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS were ∼6 and ∼16-fold higher than that in EPSMono-ProS, respectively. 29145083 7 52 theme compounds 1093:1101 arg1 higher 1155:1160 higher 1155:1160 higher 1155:1160 Moreover, the proportion of humic compounds in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS were ∼6 and ∼16-fold higher than that in EPSMono-ProS, respectively. 29145083 2 53 theme intrinsic 379:387 arg1 parts 403:407 intrinsic and important parts 379:407 intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems 379:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 53 theme intrinsic 379:387 arg1 substrates 317:326 Proteinaceous substrates 303:326 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form 303:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 6 54 from proportion 887:896 arg1 EPSLoP-ProS 913:923 EPSLoP-ProS 913:923 EPSLoP-ProS 913:923 Compared to EPSMono-ProS, the proportion of proteins in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS increased by 12.8% and 27.7%, respectively, while that of polysaccharides decreased by 22.9% and 63.6%, respectively. 29145083 6 54 from proportion 887:896 arg1 EPSHiP-ProS 929:939 EPSHiP-ProS 929:939 EPSHiP-ProS 929:939 Compared to EPSMono-ProS, the proportion of proteins in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS increased by 12.8% and 27.7%, respectively, while that of polysaccharides decreased by 22.9% and 63.6%, respectively. 29145083 11 55 theme associated 1873:1882 arg1 bonds 1884:1888 the polysaccharide associated bonds 1854:1888 the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) 1854:1913 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 4 56 from compositions 680:691 arg1 sludge 735:740 activated sludge 725:740 activated sludge 725:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 9 57 theme Size 1402:1405 arg1 SEC 1433:1435 SEC 1433:1435 SEC 1433:1435 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 9 57 theme Size 1402:1405 arg1 chromatography 1417:1430 Size exclusion chromatography 1402:1430 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses 1402:1445 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 6 58 theme proteins 901:908 arg1 proportion 887:896 the proportion 883:896 the proportion of proteins in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS 883:939 Compared to EPSMono-ProS, the proportion of proteins in EPSLoP-ProS and EPSHiP-ProS increased by 12.8% and 27.7%, respectively, while that of polysaccharides decreased by 22.9% and 63.6%, respectively. 29145083 2 59 from form 370:373 arg1 present 335:341 present 335:341 present 335:341 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 9 60 theme chromatography 1417:1430 arg1 analyses 1438:1445 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses 1402:1445 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses 1402:1445 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 12 61 theme biological 2039:2048 arg1 systems 2071:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 2 62 theme present 335:341 arg1 ProS 329:332 ProS 329:332 ProS 329:332 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 62 theme present 335:341 arg1 parts 403:407 intrinsic and important parts 379:407 intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems 379:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 2 62 theme present 335:341 arg1 substrates 317:326 Proteinaceous substrates 303:326 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form 303:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 8 63 theme humic 1223:1227 arg1 compounds 1229:1237 humic compounds 1223:1237 humic compounds 1223:1237 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 1 64 theme polymeric 214:222 arg1 substances 224:233 extracellular polymeric substances 200:233 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 200:239 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 1 64 theme polymeric 214:222 arg1 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 EPS 236:238 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 12 65 theme ProS 1976:1979 arg1 role 1968:1971 the role 1964:1971 the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems 1964:2077 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 2 66 theme polymeric 360:368 arg1 form 370:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 heterogeneous polymeric form 346:373 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 0 67 theme polymerization 130:143 arg1 degree 145:150 polymerization degree 130:150 polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates 130:178 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 4 68 theme ProS 672:675 arg1 impacts 595:601 the impacts 591:601 the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge 591:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 9 69 theme more 1456:1459 arg1 clusters 1471:1478 more molecular clusters 1456:1478 more molecular clusters 1456:1478 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 4 70 theme polymeric 655:663 arg1 ProS 672:675 monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS 606:675 monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS 606:675 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 12 71 from production 1998:2007 arg1 systems 2071:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 8 72 theme unsaturation 1260:1271 arg1 degree 1273:1278 the unsaturation degree 1256:1278 the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules 1256:1295 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 0 73 theme substrates 169:178 arg1 degree 145:150 polymerization degree 130:150 polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates 130:178 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 8 74 from accumulation 1207:1218 arg1 EPS 1242:1244 EPS 1242:1244 EPS 1242:1244 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 11 75 theme degree 1765:1770 arg1 increase 1738:1745 the increase 1734:1745 the increase of polymerization degree of ProS 1734:1778 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 8 76 theme molecules 1287:1295 arg1 degree 1273:1278 the unsaturation degree 1256:1278 the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules 1256:1295 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 12 77 dep production 1998:2007 arg1 the 1994:1996 the 1994:1996 the 1994:1996 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 1 78 from Characteristics 181:195 arg1 sludge 254:259 activated sludge 244:259 activated sludge 244:259 Characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge strongly depend on wastewater substrates. 29145083 9 79 theme complex 1512:1518 arg1 composition 1520:1530 more complex composition 1507:1530 more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1507:1570 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 4 80 theme functional 697:706 arg1 EPS 718:720 EPS 718:720 EPS in activated sludge 718:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 80 theme functional 697:706 arg1 groups 708:713 functional groups 697:713 functional groups 697:713 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 0 81 theme activated 97:105 arg1 sludge 107:112 activated sludge 97:112 activated sludge 97:112 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 11 82 theme ProS 1775:1778 arg1 degree 1765:1770 polymerization degree 1750:1770 polymerization degree of ProS 1750:1778 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 4 83 dep monomeric 606:614 arg1 Mono- 617:621 Mono- 617:621 Mono- 617:621 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 83 dep monomeric 606:614 arg1 LoP- 640:643 LoP- 640:643 LoP- 640:643 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 83 dep monomeric 606:614 arg1 HiP- 666:669 HiP- 666:669 HiP- 666:669 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 8 84 theme energy 1322:1327 arg1 requirement 1329:1339 the energy requirement 1318:1339 the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups 1318:1399 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 10 85 theme polysaccharide 1652:1665 arg1 dominance 1617:1625 the dominance 1613:1625 the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1613:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 5 86 theme ProS 806:809 arg1 degree 796:801 polymerization degree 781:801 polymerization degree of ProS 781:809 The results showed that the change of polymerization degree of ProS significantly altered the composition of EPS. 29145083 11 87 theme associated 1793:1802 arg1 bonds 1804:1808 the protein associated bonds 1781:1808 the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) 1781:1835 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 9 88 theme fed 1551:1553 arg1 sludge 1565:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 HiP-ProS fed activated sludge 1542:1570 Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analyses detected more molecular clusters in EPSHiP-ProS, indicating more complex composition of EPS in HiP-ProS fed activated sludge. 29145083 10 89 theme protein 1643:1649 arg1 dominance 1617:1625 the dominance 1613:1625 the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1613:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 0 90 theme group 27:31 arg1 characterization 33:48 functional group characterization 16:48 functional group characterization 16:48 Composition and functional group characterization of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in activated sludge: the impacts of polymerization degree of proteinaceous substrates. 29145083 4 91 from sludge 735:740 arg1 EPS 718:720 EPS 718:720 EPS in activated sludge 718:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 91 from sludge 735:740 arg1 compositions 680:691 compositions 680:691 compositions 680:691 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 4 91 from sludge 735:740 arg1 groups 708:713 functional groups 697:713 functional groups 697:713 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 2 92 theme sludge 466:471 arg1 systems 473:479 activated sludge systems 456:479 activated sludge systems 456:479 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 12 93 theme treatment 2061:2069 arg1 systems 2071:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 biological wastewater treatment systems 2039:2077 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 10 94 theme bonds 1691:1695 arg1 dominance 1617:1625 the dominance 1613:1625 the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1613:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 5 95 theme EPS 852:854 arg1 composition 837:847 the composition 833:847 the composition of EPS 833:854 The results showed that the change of polymerization degree of ProS significantly altered the composition of EPS. 29145083 11 96 theme polysaccharide 1858:1871 arg1 bonds 1884:1888 the polysaccharide associated bonds 1854:1888 the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) 1854:1913 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 8 97 theme amide 1369:1373 arg1 bonds 1375:1379 amide bonds 1369:1379 amide bonds 1369:1379 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 10 98 theme aromatic 1671:1678 arg1 bonds 1691:1695 aromatic associated bonds 1671:1695 aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS 1671:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 5 99 theme degree 796:801 arg1 change 771:776 the change 767:776 the change of polymerization degree of ProS 767:809 The results showed that the change of polymerization degree of ProS significantly altered the composition of EPS. 29145083 10 100 from protein 1643:1649 arg1 EPS 1710:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 3 101 theme EPS 540:542 arg1 characteristics 521:535 characteristics 521:535 characteristics 521:535 However, correlations between ProS and characteristics of EPS are scarce. 29145083 3 101 theme EPS 540:542 arg1 ProS 512:515 ProS 512:515 ProS 512:515 However, correlations between ProS and characteristics of EPS are scarce. 29145083 11 102 dep bonds 1884:1888 arg1 such 1891:1894 such 1891:1894 such 1891:1894 Nevertheless, with the increase of polymerization degree of ProS, the protein associated bonds (such as CONH, CO, NC, NH) increased, while the polysaccharide associated bonds (such as COC, COH, OCOH) decreased. 29145083 10 103 from polysaccharide 1652:1665 arg1 EPS 1710:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 all three EPS 1700:1712 Spectroscopic characterization revealed the dominance of hydrocarbon, protein, polysaccharide and aromatic associated bonds in all three EPS. 29145083 8 104 theme groups 1394:1399 arg1 transition 1355:1364 electrons transition 1345:1364 electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups 1345:1399 The accumulation of humic compounds in EPS increased the unsaturation degree of EPS molecules, and thereby reduced the energy requirement for electrons transition of amide bonds and aromatic groups. 29145083 4 105 from EPS 718:720 arg1 sludge 735:740 activated sludge 725:740 activated sludge 725:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 29145083 12 106 theme EPS 2032:2034 arg1 characteristics 2013:2027 characteristics 2013:2027 characteristics 2013:2027 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 12 106 theme EPS 2032:2034 arg1 production 1998:2007 production 1998:2007 production 1998:2007 This paper paves a path to understand the role of ProS in affecting the production and characteristics of EPS in biological wastewater treatment systems. 29145083 2 107 theme wastewater 412:421 arg1 substrates 423:432 wastewater substrates 412:432 wastewater substrates 412:432 Proteinaceous substrates (ProS) present in heterogeneous polymeric form are intrinsic and important parts of wastewater substrates for microorganisms in activated sludge systems. 29145083 4 108 from groups 708:713 arg1 sludge 735:740 activated sludge 725:740 activated sludge 725:740 This study systematically explored the impacts of monomeric (Mono-), low polymeric (LoP-) and high polymeric (HiP-) ProS on compositions and functional groups of EPS in activated sludge. 28465057 5 0 theme strain 570:575 arg1 mesenteroides 589:601 the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326 561:606 the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326 561:606 DQ345760) was cloned from the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326. 28465057 6 1 theme DSR 755:757 arg1 site 747:750 the active site 736:750 the active site of DSR 736:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 6 1 theme DSR 755:757 arg1 DSR 755:757 DSR 755:757 DSR 755:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 7 2 theme polysaccharide-synthesizing 792:818 arg1 capability 820:829 its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability 788:829 its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability 788:829 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 10 3 theme dextransucrase 1181:1194 arg1 model 1172:1176 the three-dimensional structure model 1140:1176 the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods 1140:1234 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 4 4 theme Accession 521:529 arg1 No 531:532 Accession No 521:532 Accession No 521:532 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No. 28465057 3 5 with α-glucan 415:422 arg1 α 462:462 95% α 458:462 95% α(1-6) 458:467 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 5 with α-glucan 415:422 arg1 1-3 449:451 1-3 449:451 1-3 449:451 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 5 with α-glucan 415:422 arg1 α 447:447 5% α 444:447 5% α(1-3) 444:452 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 5 with α-glucan 415:422 arg1 1-6 464:466 1-6 464:466 1-6 464:466 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 11 6 theme amino-acid 1392:1401 arg1 residues 1403:1410 these amino-acid residues 1386:1410 these amino-acid residues 1386:1410 Substituting these amino-acid residues significantly affected enzyme activities. 28465057 3 7 theme glycosidic 469:478 arg1 linkages 480:487 glycosidic linkages 469:487 glycosidic linkages 469:487 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 1 8 with Dextrans 115:122 arg1 size 148:151 distinct molecular size 129:151 distinct molecular size 129:151 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 1 8 with Dextrans 115:122 arg1 structure 157:165 structure 157:165 structure 157:165 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 7 9 theme shorter 765:771 arg1 length 773:778 shorter length 765:778 shorter length of DSR 765:785 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 1 10 theme food 202:205 arg1 industries 226:235 the food and pharmaceutical industries 198:235 the food and pharmaceutical industries 198:235 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 1 11 theme pharmaceutical 211:224 arg1 industries 226:235 the food and pharmaceutical industries 198:235 the food and pharmaceutical industries 198:235 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 4 12 dep Genebank 511:518 arg1 No 531:532 Accession No 521:532 Accession No 521:532 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No. 28465057 13 13 theme linkages 1666:1673 arg1 linkages 1646:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 13 13 theme linkages 1666:1673 arg1 linkages 1666:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 13 13 theme linkages 1666:1673 arg1 amount 1629:1634 a small amount 1621:1634 a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages 1621:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 7 14 theme special 971:977 arg1 sizes 979:983 special sizes 971:983 special sizes of dextran 971:994 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 1 15 theme molecular 138:146 arg1 size 148:151 distinct molecular size 129:151 distinct molecular size 129:151 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 12 16 theme % 1568:1568 arg1 1-6 1572:1574 1-6 1572:1574 1-6 1572:1574 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 16 theme % 1568:1568 arg1 α 1570:1570 90-98% α 1563:1570 90-98% α(1-6) 1563:1575 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 10 17 theme modeling 1219:1226 arg1 methods 1228:1234 homology modeling methods 1210:1234 homology modeling methods 1210:1234 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 0 18 theme different 90:98 arg1 dextrans 105:112 different type dextrans 90:112 different type dextrans 90:112 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis dextransucrases to produce different type dextrans. 28465057 12 19 theme a-glucan 1533:1540 arg1 synthesis 1520:1528 the synthesis 1516:1528 the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages 1516:1594 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 3 20 theme hydrolase 366:374 arg1 GH70 384:387 GH70 384:387 GH70 384:387 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 20 theme hydrolase 366:374 arg1 family 376:381 glycosyl hydrolase family 357:381 glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) 357:388 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 4 21 dep dex-YG 503:508 arg1 Genebank 511:518 Genebank 511:518 Genebank 511:518 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No. 28465057 8 22 theme truncated 1001:1009 arg1 enzymes 1018:1024 All truncated mutant enzymes 997:1024 All truncated mutant enzymes 997:1024 All truncated mutant enzymes were active. 28465057 12 23 theme 1-9 1547:1549 arg1 % 1550:1550 % 1550:1550 % 1550:1550 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 11 24 theme enzyme 1435:1440 arg1 activities 1442:1451 enzyme activities 1435:1451 enzyme activities 1435:1451 Substituting these amino-acid residues significantly affected enzyme activities. 28465057 0 25 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Functional analysis 0:18 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis 0:61 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis dextransucrases to produce different type dextrans. 28465057 10 26 theme molecular-docking 1347:1363 arg1 method 1365:1370 molecular-docking method 1347:1370 molecular-docking method 1347:1370 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 9 27 theme domain 1079:1084 arg1 dextransucrase 1086:1099 the catalytic domain dextransucrase 1065:1099 the catalytic domain dextransucrase 1065:1099 Results demonstrated that the catalytic domain dextransucrase was likely in 800 aa or less. 28465057 14 28 theme rational 1722:1729 arg1 design 1739:1744 the rational protein design 1718:1744 the rational protein design of dextransucrase 1718:1762 This strategy can be effectively used for the rational protein design of dextransucrase. 28465057 4 29 theme gene 498:501 arg1 dex-YG 503:508 The DSR gene dex-YG 490:508 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No 490:532 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No. 28465057 13 30 theme small 1623:1627 arg1 linkages 1646:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 13 30 theme small 1623:1627 arg1 linkages 1666:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 13 30 theme small 1623:1627 arg1 amount 1629:1634 a small amount 1621:1634 a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages 1621:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 10 31 theme acceptor 1270:1277 arg1 substrate 1279:1287 the acceptor substrate 1266:1287 the acceptor substrate of maltose 1266:1298 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 3 32 theme 5 444:444 arg1 % 445:445 % 445:445 % 445:445 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 0 33 theme mutagenesis 51:61 arg1 analysis 11:18 Functional analysis 0:18 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis 0:61 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis dextransucrases to produce different type dextrans. 28465057 6 34 theme dextransucrase 677:690 arg1 variants 665:672 C-terminally truncated variants 642:672 C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase 642:690 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 7 35 theme oligosaccharide 861:875 arg1 capability 913:922 oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability 861:922 oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability 861:922 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 10 36 theme structure 1162:1170 arg1 model 1172:1176 the three-dimensional structure model 1140:1176 the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods 1140:1234 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 10 37 with DSR 1241:1243 arg1 substrate 1310:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 10 37 with DSR 1241:1243 arg1 substrate 1279:1287 the acceptor substrate 1266:1287 the acceptor substrate of maltose 1266:1298 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 12 38 dep α 1552:1552 arg1 linkages 1587:1594 branching linkages 1577:1594 branching linkages 1577:1594 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 6 39 theme variants 665:672 arg1 series 632:637 a series 630:637 a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase 630:690 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 5 40 theme wild 565:568 arg1 mesenteroides 589:601 the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326 561:606 the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326 561:606 DQ345760) was cloned from the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326. 28465057 10 41 theme sucrose 1323:1329 arg1 substrate 1310:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 10 41 theme sucrose 1323:1329 arg1 substrate 1279:1287 the acceptor substrate 1266:1287 the acceptor substrate of maltose 1266:1298 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 3 42 theme % 460:460 arg1 α 462:462 95% α 458:462 95% α(1-6) 458:467 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 42 theme % 460:460 arg1 1-6 464:466 1-6 464:466 1-6 464:466 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 12 43 theme wild-type 1472:1480 arg1 dextran 1482:1488 the wild-type dextran 1468:1488 the wild-type dextran 1468:1488 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 5 44 theme Leuconostoc 577:587 arg1 mesenteroides 589:601 the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326 561:606 the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326 561:606 DQ345760) was cloned from the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326. 28465057 6 45 theme active 740:745 arg1 site 747:750 the active site 736:750 the active site of DSR 736:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 6 45 theme active 740:745 arg1 DSR 755:757 DSR 755:757 DSR 755:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 2 46 dep dextransucrase 261:274 arg1 EC2.4.5.1 282:290 EC2.4.5.1 282:290 EC2.4.5.1 282:290 Dextran is produced by dextransucrase (DSR, EC2.4.5.1), which is produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. 28465057 2 46 dep dextransucrase 261:274 arg1 DSR 277:279 DSR 277:279 DSR 277:279 Dextran is produced by dextransucrase (DSR, EC2.4.5.1), which is produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. 28465057 2 47 theme Leuconostoc 315:325 arg1 mesenteroides 327:339 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 315:339 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 315:339 Dextran is produced by dextransucrase (DSR, EC2.4.5.1), which is produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides. 28465057 7 48 theme DSR 783:785 arg1 length 773:778 shorter length 765:778 shorter length of DSR 765:785 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 14 49 used used 1709:1712 arg2 strategy 1681:1688 This strategy 1676:1688 This strategy 1676:1688 This strategy can be effectively used for the rational protein design of dextransucrase. 28465057 6 50 theme amino-acid 713:722 arg1 residues 724:731 the amino-acid residues 709:731 the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR 709:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 12 51 theme branching 1577:1585 arg1 linkages 1587:1594 branching linkages 1577:1594 branching linkages 1577:1594 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 52 theme 90-98 1563:1567 arg1 1-6 1572:1574 1-6 1572:1574 1-6 1572:1574 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 52 theme 90-98 1563:1567 arg1 α 1570:1570 90-98% α 1563:1570 90-98% α(1-6) 1563:1575 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 7 53 theme dextran 988:994 arg1 sizes 979:983 special sizes 971:983 special sizes of dextran 971:994 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 1 54 theme distinct 129:136 arg1 size 148:151 distinct molecular size 129:151 distinct molecular size 129:151 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 7 55 dep impaired 835:842 arg1 whereas 853:859 whereas 853:859 whereas 853:859 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 10 56 theme homology 1210:1217 arg1 methods 1228:1234 homology modeling methods 1210:1234 homology modeling methods 1210:1234 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 12 57 with synthesis 1520:1528 arg1 1-6 1572:1574 1-6 1572:1574 1-6 1572:1574 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 57 with synthesis 1520:1528 arg1 α 1570:1570 90-98% α 1563:1570 90-98% α(1-6) 1563:1575 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 57 with synthesis 1520:1528 arg1 1-3 1554:1556 1-3 1554:1556 1-3 1554:1556 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 57 with synthesis 1520:1528 arg1 α 1552:1552 1-9% α 1547:1552 1-9% α(1-3) 1547:1557 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 1 58 used used 190:193 arg2 Dextrans 115:122 Dextrans 115:122 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure 115:165 Dextrans with distinct molecular size and structure are increasingly being used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 28465057 0 59 theme type 100:103 arg1 dextrans 105:112 different type dextrans 90:112 different type dextrans 90:112 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis dextransucrases to produce different type dextrans. 28465057 10 60 with mutants 1253:1259 arg1 substrate 1310:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 10 60 with mutants 1253:1259 arg1 substrate 1279:1287 the acceptor substrate 1266:1287 the acceptor substrate of maltose 1266:1298 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 14 61 theme dextransucrase 1749:1762 arg1 design 1739:1744 the rational protein design 1718:1744 the rational protein design of dextransucrase 1718:1762 This strategy can be effectively used for the rational protein design of dextransucrase. 28465057 13 62 theme linkages 1646:1653 arg1 linkages 1646:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 13 62 theme linkages 1646:1653 arg1 linkages 1666:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 13 62 theme linkages 1646:1653 arg1 amount 1629:1634 a small amount 1621:1634 a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages 1621:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 8 63 theme mutant 1011:1016 arg1 enzymes 1018:1024 All truncated mutant enzymes 997:1024 All truncated mutant enzymes 997:1024 All truncated mutant enzymes were active. 28465057 12 64 theme % 1550:1550 arg1 1-3 1554:1556 1-3 1554:1556 1-3 1554:1556 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 12 64 theme % 1550:1550 arg1 α 1552:1552 1-9% α 1547:1552 1-9% α(1-3) 1547:1557 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 13 65 theme α 1659:1659 arg1 linkages 1666:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 α(1-2) linkages 1659:1673 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 10 66 dep DSR 1241:1243 arg1 the 1237:1239 the 1237:1239 the 1237:1239 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 3 67 theme glycosyl 357:364 arg1 GH70 384:387 GH70 384:387 GH70 384:387 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 67 theme glycosyl 357:364 arg1 family 376:381 glycosyl hydrolase family 357:381 glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) 357:388 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 13 68 theme α 1639:1639 arg1 linkages 1646:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 α(1-4) linkages 1639:1653 Some mutants introduced a small amount of α(1-4) linkages and α(1-2) linkages. 28465057 5 69 dep mesenteroides 589:601 arg1 0326 603:606 0326 603:606 0326 603:606 DQ345760) was cloned from the wild strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides 0326. 28465057 4 70 theme DSR 494:496 arg1 dex-YG 503:508 The DSR gene dex-YG 490:508 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No 490:532 The DSR gene dex-YG (Genebank, Accession No. 28465057 10 71 theme maltose 1292:1298 arg1 substrate 1310:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 10 71 theme maltose 1292:1298 arg1 substrate 1279:1287 the acceptor substrate 1266:1287 the acceptor substrate of maltose 1266:1298 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 0 72 theme truncated 23:31 arg1 analysis 11:18 Functional analysis 0:18 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis 0:61 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis dextransucrases to produce different type dextrans. 28465057 14 73 theme protein 1731:1737 arg1 design 1739:1744 the rational protein design 1718:1744 the rational protein design of dextransucrase 1718:1762 This strategy can be effectively used for the rational protein design of dextransucrase. 28465057 7 74 theme -synthesizing 899:911 arg1 capability 913:922 oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability 861:922 oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability 861:922 With shorter length of DSR, its polysaccharide-synthesizing capability was impaired heavily, whereas oligosaccharide (acting as prebiotics)-synthesizing capability increased significantly, efficiently producing special sizes of dextran. 28465057 6 75 from residues 724:731 arg1 site 747:750 the active site 736:750 the active site of DSR 736:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 6 75 from residues 724:731 arg1 DSR 755:757 DSR 755:757 DSR 755:757 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 28465057 0 76 theme site-directed 37:49 arg1 mutagenesis 51:61 site-directed mutagenesis 37:61 site-directed mutagenesis 37:61 Functional analysis of truncated and site-directed mutagenesis dextransucrases to produce different type dextrans. 28465057 9 77 theme catalytic 1069:1077 arg1 dextransucrase 1086:1099 the catalytic domain dextransucrase 1065:1099 the catalytic domain dextransucrase 1065:1099 Results demonstrated that the catalytic domain dextransucrase was likely in 800 aa or less. 28465057 3 78 theme % 445:445 arg1 1-3 449:451 1-3 449:451 1-3 449:451 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 78 theme % 445:445 arg1 α 447:447 5% α 444:447 5% α(1-3) 444:452 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 79 theme branched 406:413 arg1 dextran 425:431 dextran 425:431 dextran 425:431 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 3 79 theme branched 406:413 arg1 α-glucan 415:422 branched α-glucan 406:422 branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages 406:487 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 10 80 theme donor 1304:1308 arg1 substrate 1310:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 donor substrate 1304:1318 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 3 81 theme 95 458:459 arg1 % 460:460 % 460:460 % 460:460 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 10 82 theme three-dimensional 1144:1160 arg1 model 1172:1176 the three-dimensional structure model 1140:1176 the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods 1140:1234 Based on the three-dimensional structure model of dextransucrase built through homology modeling methods, the DSR and its mutants with the acceptor substrate of maltose and donor substrate of sucrose were studied by molecular-docking method. 28465057 12 83 theme mutant 1491:1496 arg1 enzymes 1498:1504 mutant enzymes 1491:1504 mutant enzymes 1491:1504 Compared with the wild-type dextran, mutant enzymes catalyzed the synthesis of a-glucan with 1-9% α(1-3) and 90-98% α(1-6) branching linkages. 28465057 3 84 dep α 447:447 arg1 linkages 480:487 glycosidic linkages 469:487 glycosidic linkages 469:487 DSR belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family (GH70) and synthesizes branched α-glucan (dextran) with both 5% α(1-3) and 95% α(1-6) glycosidic linkages. 28465057 6 85 theme truncated 655:663 arg1 variants 665:672 C-terminally truncated variants 642:672 C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase 642:690 This study generated a series of C-terminally truncated variants of dextransucrase and substituting the amino-acid residues in the active site of DSR. 24796651 4 0 theme correct 817:823 arg1 cannot 848:853 the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot 813:853 the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot 813:853 Any attempt to fit the best glycosyl composition match by mass only is problematic particularly when the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot be determined unambiguously. 24796651 4 1 theme precursor 838:846 arg1 cannot 848:853 the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot 813:853 the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot 813:853 Any attempt to fit the best glycosyl composition match by mass only is problematic particularly when the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot be determined unambiguously. 24796651 9 2 theme Top 1827:1829 arg1 Speed 1831:1835 a rapid Top Speed 1819:1835 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 8 3 theme glycopeptide 1555:1566 arg1 backbone 1568:1575 the glycopeptide backbone 1551:1575 the glycopeptide backbone 1551:1575 Moreover, it is a viable alternative to deduce the glycopeptide backbone particularly in cases when the peptide backbone cannot be identified by ETD/HCD. 24796651 6 4 theme edited 1208:1213 arg1 data 1225:1228 edited HCD-MS(2) data 1208:1228 edited HCD-MS(2) data 1208:1228 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 9 5 theme DDA 1837:1839 arg1 cycle 1846:1850 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 3 6 theme exact 657:661 arg1 moieties 670:677 the exact glycan moieties 653:677 the exact glycan moieties 653:677 Even in cases when the peptide backbones were correctly identified, the exact glycan moieties were often erroneously assigned. 24796651 7 7 theme CID-MS 1387:1392 arg1 data 1397:1400 the additional CID-MS(2) data 1372:1400 the additional CID-MS(2) data 1372:1400 Importantly, the additional CID-MS(2) data allows one to validate the glycan assignment and provides insight into possible glycan modifications. 24796651 6 8 theme core 1185:1188 arg1 way 1241:1243 an easy way 1233:1243 an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1233:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 6 8 theme core 1185:1188 arg1 ion 1190:1192 the peptide core ion 1173:1192 the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data 1173:1228 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 1 9 theme glycopeptides 405:417 arg1 analysis 386:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis 369:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides 369:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 10 theme higher 188:193 arg1 -MS 230:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS 188:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 188:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 10 theme higher 188:193 arg1 2 234:234 2 234:234 2 234:234 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 11 theme energy 205:210 arg1 -MS 230:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS 188:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 188:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 11 theme energy 205:210 arg1 2 234:234 2 234:234 2 234:234 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 6 12 dep way 1241:1243 arg1 reduce 1248:1253 reduce 1248:1253 to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1245:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 2 13 theme database 491:498 arg1 search 500:505 a direct database search 482:505 a direct database search 482:505 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 6 14 theme peptide 1177:1183 arg1 way 1241:1243 an easy way 1233:1243 an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1233:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 6 14 theme peptide 1177:1183 arg1 ion 1190:1192 the peptide core ion 1173:1192 the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data 1173:1228 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 6 15 theme easy 1236:1239 arg1 way 1241:1243 an easy way 1233:1243 an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1233:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 6 15 theme easy 1236:1239 arg1 ion 1190:1192 the peptide core ion 1173:1192 the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data 1173:1228 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 2 16 theme false 527:531 arg1 positives 533:541 false positives 527:541 false positives 527:541 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 1 17 theme approaches 355:364 arg1 one 337:339 one 337:339 one 337:339 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 17 theme approaches 355:364 arg1 approaches 355:364 the better approaches 344:364 the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides 344:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 18 theme current 369:375 arg1 analysis 386:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis 369:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides 369:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 9 19 theme HCD-pd-CID/ETD 1668:1681 arg1 workflow 1683:1690 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow 1658:1690 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow 1658:1690 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 6 20 from sensitivity 1297:1307 arg1 matches 1350:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 1 21 theme dependent 157:165 arg1 DDA 180:182 DDA 180:182 DDA 180:182 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 21 theme dependent 157:165 arg1 acquisition 167:177 Data dependent acquisition 152:177 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 152:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 2 22 theme impressive 429:438 arg1 numbers 440:446 impressive numbers 429:446 impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search 429:505 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 6 23 theme much 1292:1295 arg1 sensitivity 1297:1307 much sensitivity 1292:1307 much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1292:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 10 24 theme simultaneous 1969:1980 arg1 N- 1982:1983 simultaneous N- 1969:1983 simultaneous N- 1969:1983 Additional informatics can conceivably be developed to mine and integrate the rich information contained within for simultaneous N- and O-glycopeptide analysis. 24796651 1 25 gly glycopeptides 405:417 arg2 glycopeptides 405:417 intact glycopeptides 398:417 intact glycopeptides 398:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 2 26 theme identification 464:477 arg1 numbers 440:446 impressive numbers 429:446 impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search 429:505 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 6 27 theme false 1255:1259 arg1 positives 1261:1269 false positives 1255:1269 false positives 1255:1269 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 1 28 theme oxonium 326:332 arg1 detection 297:305 detection 297:305 detection of glycan-specific oxonium 297:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 9 29 theme dependent 1733:1741 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 10 30 gly O-glycopeptide 1989:2002 arg2 O-glycopeptide 1989:2002 O-glycopeptide analysis 1989:2011 O-glycopeptide analysis 1989:2011 Additional informatics can conceivably be developed to mine and integrate the rich information contained within for simultaneous N- and O-glycopeptide analysis. 24796651 0 31 theme data 70:73 arg1 analysis 75:82 data analysis 70:82 data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides 70:149 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 0 32 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 product 13:19 Novel LC-MS² product 0:19 Novel LC-MS² product 0:19 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 33 theme electron 249:256 arg1 2 289:289 2 289:289 2 289:289 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 33 theme electron 249:256 arg1 -MS 285:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS 249:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) 249:290 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 34 theme LC-MS 377:381 arg1 analysis 386:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis 369:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides 369:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 35 theme new 906:908 arg1 configuration 929:941 a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 904:941 a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 904:941 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 5 36 dep dependent 1083:1091 arg1 pd 1094:1095 pd 1094:1095 pd 1094:1095 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 1 37 theme dissociation 267:278 arg1 2 289:289 2 289:289 2 289:289 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 37 theme dissociation 267:278 arg1 -MS 285:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS 249:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) 249:290 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 38 theme Orbitrap 920:927 arg1 configuration 929:941 a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 904:941 a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 904:941 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 6 39 theme spectrum 1341:1348 arg1 matches 1350:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 6 40 from data 1225:1228 arg1 way 1241:1243 an easy way 1233:1243 an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1233:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 6 40 from data 1225:1228 arg1 ion 1190:1192 the peptide core ion 1173:1192 the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data 1173:1228 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 0 41 theme parallel 31:38 arg1 acquisition 45:55 parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides 31:149 acquisition 45:55 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 0 42 dep acquisition 45:55 arg1 function 57:64 function 57:64 function 57:64 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 9 43 theme acquisition 1754:1764 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 1 44 theme ETD 281:283 arg1 2 289:289 2 289:289 2 289:289 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 44 theme ETD 281:283 arg1 -MS 285:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS 249:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) 249:290 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 10 45 theme Additional 1853:1862 arg1 informatics 1864:1874 Additional informatics 1853:1874 Additional informatics 1853:1874 Additional informatics can conceivably be developed to mine and integrate the rich information contained within for simultaneous N- and O-glycopeptide analysis. 24796651 6 46 theme glycopeptide 1319:1330 arg1 matches 1350:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 4 47 theme best 735:738 arg1 composition 749:759 the best glycosyl composition 731:759 the best glycosyl composition 731:759 Any attempt to fit the best glycosyl composition match by mass only is problematic particularly when the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot be determined unambiguously. 24796651 5 48 theme ion 986:988 arg1 collision 995:1003 a parallel ion trap collision 975:1003 a parallel ion trap collision 975:1003 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 1 49 theme HCD 226:228 arg1 -MS 230:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS 188:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 188:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 49 theme HCD 226:228 arg1 2 234:234 2 234:234 2 234:234 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 3 50 theme peptide 608:614 arg1 backbones 616:624 the peptide backbones 604:624 the peptide backbones 604:624 Even in cases when the peptide backbones were correctly identified, the exact glycan moieties were often erroneously assigned. 24796651 7 51 theme possible 1473:1480 arg1 modifications 1489:1501 possible glycan modifications 1473:1501 possible glycan modifications 1473:1501 Importantly, the additional CID-MS(2) data allows one to validate the glycan assignment and provides insight into possible glycan modifications. 24796651 1 52 theme -MS 230:232 arg1 DDA 180:182 DDA 180:182 DDA 180:182 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 52 theme -MS 230:232 arg1 acquisition 167:177 Data dependent acquisition 152:177 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 152:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 8 53 gly glycopeptide 1555:1566 arg2 glycopeptide 1555:1566 the glycopeptide backbone 1551:1575 the glycopeptide backbone 1551:1575 Moreover, it is a viable alternative to deduce the glycopeptide backbone particularly in cases when the peptide backbone cannot be identified by ETD/HCD. 24796651 8 54 theme viable 1522:1527 arg1 alternative 1529:1539 a viable alternative 1520:1539 a viable alternative to deduce the glycopeptide backbone particularly in cases when the peptide backbone cannot be identified by ETD/HCD 1520:1655 Moreover, it is a viable alternative to deduce the glycopeptide backbone particularly in cases when the peptide backbone cannot be identified by ETD/HCD. 24796651 8 54 theme viable 1522:1527 arg1 it 1514:1515 it 1514:1515 it 1514:1515 Moreover, it is a viable alternative to deduce the glycopeptide backbone particularly in cases when the peptide backbone cannot be identified by ETD/HCD. 24796651 1 55 from approaches 355:364 arg1 analysis 386:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis 369:393 current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides 369:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 9 56 theme rapid 1821:1825 arg1 Speed 1831:1835 a rapid Top Speed 1819:1835 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 6 57 theme HCD-MS 1215:1220 arg1 data 1225:1228 edited HCD-MS(2) data 1208:1228 edited HCD-MS(2) data 1208:1228 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 8 58 theme peptide 1608:1614 arg1 backbone 1616:1623 the peptide backbone 1604:1623 the peptide backbone 1604:1623 Moreover, it is a viable alternative to deduce the glycopeptide backbone particularly in cases when the peptide backbone cannot be identified by ETD/HCD. 24796651 4 59 theme monoisotopic 825:836 arg1 cannot 848:853 the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot 813:853 the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot 813:853 Any attempt to fit the best glycosyl composition match by mass only is problematic particularly when the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot be determined unambiguously. 24796651 9 60 theme Speed 1831:1835 arg1 cycle 1846:1850 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 7 61 theme additional 1376:1385 arg1 data 1397:1400 the additional CID-MS(2) data 1372:1400 the additional CID-MS(2) data 1372:1400 Importantly, the additional CID-MS(2) data allows one to validate the glycan assignment and provides insight into possible glycan modifications. 24796651 9 62 theme duty 1841:1844 arg1 cycle 1846:1850 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1819:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 3 63 theme glycan 663:668 arg1 moieties 670:677 the exact glycan moieties 653:677 the exact glycan moieties 653:677 Even in cases when the peptide backbones were correctly identified, the exact glycan moieties were often erroneously assigned. 24796651 1 64 theme intact 398:403 arg1 glycopeptides 405:417 intact glycopeptides 398:417 intact glycopeptides 398:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 0 65 theme intact 130:135 arg1 glycopeptides 137:149 intact glycopeptides 130:149 intact glycopeptides 130:149 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 66 theme collision 195:203 arg1 -MS 230:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS 188:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 188:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 66 theme collision 195:203 arg1 2 234:234 2 234:234 2 234:234 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 67 theme dissociation 212:223 arg1 -MS 230:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS 188:232 higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 188:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 67 theme dissociation 212:223 arg1 2 234:234 2 234:234 2 234:234 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 2 68 theme direct 484:489 arg1 search 500:505 a direct database search 482:505 a direct database search 482:505 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 1 69 theme better 348:353 arg1 approaches 355:364 the better approaches 344:364 the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides 344:417 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 70 theme dissociation 1013:1024 arg1 -MS 1031:1033 dissociation (CID)-MS 1013:1033 dissociation (CID)-MS 1013:1033 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 0 71 gly glycopeptides 137:149 arg2 glycopeptides 137:149 intact glycopeptides 130:149 intact glycopeptides 130:149 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 9 72 theme novel 1662:1666 arg1 workflow 1683:1690 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow 1658:1690 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow 1658:1690 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 6 73 theme intact 1312:1317 arg1 matches 1350:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 5 74 theme CID 1027:1029 arg1 -MS 1031:1033 dissociation (CID)-MS 1013:1033 dissociation (CID)-MS 1013:1033 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 1 75 theme Data 152:155 arg1 DDA 180:182 DDA 180:182 DDA 180:182 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 75 theme Data 152:155 arg1 acquisition 167:177 Data dependent acquisition 152:177 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium 152:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 10 76 theme rich 1931:1934 arg1 information 1936:1946 the rich information 1927:1946 the rich information contained within for simultaneous N- and O-glycopeptide analysis 1927:2011 Additional informatics can conceivably be developed to mine and integrate the rich information contained within for simultaneous N- and O-glycopeptide analysis. 24796651 0 77 theme workflow 84:91 arg1 analysis 75:82 data analysis 70:82 data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides 70:149 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 78 theme original 1062:1069 arg1 function 1102:1109 the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 1058:1109 the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 1058:1109 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 4 79 dep attempt 716:722 arg1 match 761:765 match 761:765 match by mass only 761:778 Any attempt to fit the best glycosyl composition match by mass only is problematic particularly when the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot be determined unambiguously. 24796651 7 80 theme glycan 1482:1487 arg1 modifications 1489:1501 possible glycan modifications 1473:1501 possible glycan modifications 1473:1501 Importantly, the additional CID-MS(2) data allows one to validate the glycan assignment and provides insight into possible glycan modifications. 24796651 5 81 theme dependent 1083:1091 arg1 function 1102:1109 the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 1058:1109 the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 1058:1109 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 5 82 theme configuration 929:941 arg1 advantage 891:899 advantage 891:899 advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 891:941 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 9 83 theme possible 1710:1717 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 1 84 theme glycan-specific 310:324 arg1 oxonium 326:332 glycan-specific oxonium 310:332 glycan-specific oxonium 310:332 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 2 85 gly glycopeptide 451:462 arg2 glycopeptide 451:462 glycopeptide identification 451:477 glycopeptide identification by a direct database search 451:505 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 2 86 theme glycopeptide 451:462 arg1 identification 464:477 glycopeptide identification 451:477 glycopeptide identification by a direct database search 451:505 Although impressive numbers of glycopeptide identification by a direct database search have been reported, false positives remained high and difficult to determine. 24796651 9 87 theme decision 1719:1726 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 0 88 theme LC-MS² 6:11 arg1 product 13:19 Novel LC-MS² product 0:19 Novel LC-MS² product 0:19 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 89 theme data 1038:1041 arg1 acquisition 1043:1053 a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition 975:1053 a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 975:1109 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 9 90 theme MS 1743:1744 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 1 91 theme transfer 258:265 arg1 2 289:289 2 289:289 2 289:289 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 1 91 theme transfer 258:265 arg1 -MS 285:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS 249:287 electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) 249:290 Data dependent acquisition (DDA) of higher collision energy dissociation (HCD)-MS(2) followed by electron transfer dissociation (ETD)-MS(2) upon detection of glycan-specific oxonium is one of the better approaches in current LC-MS(2) analysis of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 92 theme trihybrid 910:918 arg1 configuration 929:941 a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 904:941 a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration 904:941 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 6 93 gly glycopeptide 1319:1330 arg2 glycopeptide 1319:1330 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 0 94 theme data 40:43 arg1 acquisition 45:55 parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides 31:149 acquisition 45:55 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 95 theme parallel 977:984 arg1 collision 995:1003 a parallel ion trap collision 975:1003 a parallel ion trap collision 975:1003 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 9 96 theme data 1749:1752 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 5 97 dep acquisition 1043:1053 arg1 induced 1005:1011 induced 1005:1011 induced dissociation (CID)-MS 1005:1033 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 5 97 dep acquisition 1043:1053 arg1 2 1035:1035 2 1035:1035 2 1035:1035 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 9 98 theme tree 1728:1731 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 6 99 theme positive 1332:1339 arg1 matches 1350:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches 1312:1356 We demonstrated the feasibility and advantage of identifying the peptide core ion directly from edited HCD-MS(2) data as an easy way to reduce false positives without compromising much sensitivity in intact glycopeptide positive spectrum matches. 24796651 5 100 theme trap 990:993 arg1 collision 995:1003 a parallel ion trap collision 975:1003 a parallel ion trap collision 975:1003 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 0 101 theme glycopeptides 137:149 arg1 sequencing 97:106 sequencing 97:106 sequencing 97:106 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 0 101 theme glycopeptides 137:149 arg1 identification 112:125 identification 112:125 identification 112:125 Novel LC-MS² product dependent parallel data acquisition function and data analysis workflow for sequencing and identification of intact glycopeptides. 24796651 5 102 theme -ETD 1097:1100 arg1 function 1102:1109 the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 1058:1109 the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function 1058:1109 Taking advantage of a new trihybrid Orbitrap configuration, we experimented with adding in a parallel ion trap collision induced dissociation (CID)-MS(2) data acquisition to the original HCD-product dependent (pd)-ETD function. 24796651 7 103 theme glycan 1429:1434 arg1 assignment 1436:1445 the glycan assignment 1425:1445 the glycan assignment 1425:1445 Importantly, the additional CID-MS(2) data allows one to validate the glycan assignment and provides insight into possible glycan modifications. 24796651 9 104 theme available 1782:1790 arg1 modes 1766:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes 1701:1770 the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle 1701:1850 The novel HCD-pd-CID/ETD workflow combines the best possible decision tree dependent MS(2) data acquisition modes currently available for glycoproteomics within a rapid Top Speed DDA duty cycle. 24796651 10 105 theme O-glycopeptide 1989:2002 arg1 analysis 2004:2011 O-glycopeptide analysis 1989:2011 O-glycopeptide analysis 1989:2011 Additional informatics can conceivably be developed to mine and integrate the rich information contained within for simultaneous N- and O-glycopeptide analysis. 24796651 4 106 theme glycosyl 740:747 arg1 composition 749:759 the best glycosyl composition 731:759 the best glycosyl composition 731:759 Any attempt to fit the best glycosyl composition match by mass only is problematic particularly when the correct monoisotopic precursor cannot be determined unambiguously. 27078983 0 0 theme Environmental 87:99 arg1 Impact 101:106 Its Environmental Impact 83:106 Its Environmental Impact 83:106 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact]. 27078983 4 1 theme polysaccharide 703:716 arg1 contents 718:725 the protein and polysaccharide contents 687:725 contents 718:725 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 1 2 theme mushroom 162:169 arg1 SMS/SMC 192:198 SMS/SMC 192:198 SMS/SMC 192:198 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 1 2 theme mushroom 162:169 arg1 substrates/composts 171:189 spent mushroom substrates/composts 156:189 spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization 156:227 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 1 3 theme compositional 257:269 arg1 variation 271:279 the compositional variation 253:279 the compositional variation 253:279 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 5 4 theme metal 1040:1044 arg1 analysis 1046:1053 The heavy metal analysis 1030:1053 The heavy metal analysis 1030:1053 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 5 5 from concentrations 1086:1099 arg1 compost 1112:1118 organic compost 1104:1118 organic compost 1104:1118 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 1 6 theme substrates/composts 171:189 arg1 analysis 144:151 analysis 144:151 analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization 144:227 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 6 7 theme TN 1331:1332 arg1 accumulation 1315:1326 the accumulation 1311:1326 the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate 1311:1356 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 8 theme column 1200:1205 arg1 test 1216:1219 column leaching test 1200:1219 column leaching test 1200:1219 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 9 from N 1233:1233 arg1 SMC 1267:1269 SMC 1267:1269 SMC 1267:1269 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 9 from N 1233:1233 arg1 SMS 1259:1261 SMS 1259:1261 SMS 1259:1261 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 2 10 theme pollutants 382:391 arg1 assessment 345:354 Environmental risk assessment 326:354 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants 326:391 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. 27078983 2 11 theme Environmental 326:338 arg1 assessment 345:354 Environmental risk assessment 326:354 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants 326:391 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. 27078983 6 12 contain had 1271:1273 arg2 possibility 1277:1287 a possibility 1275:1287 a possibility of leaching loss 1275:1304 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 12 contain had 1271:1273 arg1 organics 1242:1249 organics 1242:1249 organics in both SMS and SMC 1242:1269 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 12 contain had 1271:1273 arg1 P 1236:1236 P 1236:1236 P 1236:1236 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 12 contain had 1271:1273 arg1 N 1233:1233 N 1233:1233 N 1233:1233 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 3 13 theme polysaccharide 533:546 arg1 contents 548:555 the protein and polysaccharide contents 517:555 contents 548:555 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 5 14 theme limit 1143:1147 arg1 requirement 1128:1138 the requirement 1124:1138 the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012) 1124:1169 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 3 15 theme protein 521:527 arg1 contents 548:555 the protein and polysaccharide contents 517:555 contents 548:555 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 6 16 from accumulation 1315:1326 arg1 leachate 1349:1356 SMC leachate 1345:1356 SMC leachate 1345:1356 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 1 17 dep components 120:129 arg1 analysis 144:151 analysis 144:151 analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization 144:227 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 5 18 theme As 1067:1068 arg1 concentrations 1086:1099 As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations 1067:1099 concentrations 1086:1099 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 6 19 theme loss 1301:1304 arg1 possibility 1277:1287 a possibility 1275:1287 a possibility of leaching loss 1275:1304 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 4 20 theme significant 836:846 arg1 difference 848:857 a significant difference 834:857 a significant difference 834:857 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 5 21 dep concentrations 1086:1099 arg1 Cd 1079:1080 As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations 1067:1099 Cd 1079:1080 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 5 21 dep concentrations 1086:1099 arg1 Pb 1075:1076 As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations 1067:1099 Pb 1075:1076 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 5 21 dep concentrations 1086:1099 arg1 Hg 1071:1072 As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations 1067:1099 Hg 1071:1072 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 3 22 theme water 457:461 arg1 consumption 463:473 the water consumption 453:473 the water consumption during reutilization 453:494 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 0 23 theme [Compositional 0:13 arg1 Variation 15:23 [Compositional Variation 0:23 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact 0:106 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact]. 27078983 0 24 theme Spent 28:32 arg1 Substrate 43:51 Spent Mushroom Substrate 28:51 Spent Mushroom Substrate 28:51 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact]. 27078983 1 25 theme composting 306:315 arg1 process 317:323 composting process 306:323 composting process 306:323 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 4 26 theme humic 895:899 arg1 content 906:912 the total humic acid content 885:912 the total humic acid content 885:912 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 2 27 theme risk 340:343 arg1 assessment 345:354 Environmental risk assessment 326:354 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants 326:391 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. 27078983 4 28 theme great 986:990 arg1 contributions 992:1004 great contributions 986:1004 great contributions to organic degradation 986:1027 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 4 29 theme total 889:893 arg1 content 906:912 the total humic acid content 885:912 the total humic acid content 885:912 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 6 30 theme leaching 1292:1299 arg1 loss 1301:1304 leaching loss 1292:1304 leaching loss 1292:1304 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 1 31 theme Nutrition 110:118 arg1 components 120:129 Nutrition components 110:129 Nutrition components 110:129 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 1 32 theme cyclic 210:215 arg1 utilization 217:227 a cyclic utilization 208:227 a cyclic utilization 208:227 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 0 33 theme Substrate 43:51 arg1 Variation 15:23 [Compositional Variation 0:23 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact 0:106 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact]. 27078983 6 34 from P 1236:1236 arg1 SMC 1267:1269 SMC 1267:1269 SMC 1267:1269 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 34 from P 1236:1236 arg1 SMS 1259:1261 SMS 1259:1261 SMS 1259:1261 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 5 35 theme heavy 1034:1038 arg1 analysis 1046:1053 The heavy metal analysis 1030:1053 The heavy metal analysis 1030:1053 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 4 36 theme hemicellulose 799:811 arg1 contents 813:820 hemicellulose contents 799:820 hemicellulose contents 799:820 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 4 37 theme composting 657:666 arg1 disposal 668:675 composting disposal 657:675 composting disposal 657:675 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 0 38 theme Mushroom 34:41 arg1 Substrate 43:51 Spent Mushroom Substrate 28:51 Spent Mushroom Substrate 28:51 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact]. 27078983 4 39 theme acid 901:904 arg1 content 906:912 the total humic acid content 885:912 the total humic acid content 885:912 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 3 40 theme nutrients 640:648 arg1 nutrients 640:648 nutrients 640:648 nutrients 640:648 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 3 40 theme nutrients 640:648 arg1 lot 633:635 a lot 631:635 a lot of nutrients 631:648 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 0 41 theme Cyclic 60:65 arg1 Utilization 67:77 Cyclic Utilization 60:77 Cyclic Utilization 60:77 [Compositional Variation of Spent Mushroom Substrate During Cyclic Utilization and Its Environmental Impact]. 27078983 5 42 theme organic 1104:1110 arg1 compost 1112:1118 organic compost 1104:1118 organic compost 1104:1118 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 2 43 theme other 376:380 arg1 pollutants 382:391 other pollutants 376:391 other pollutants 376:391 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. 27078983 5 44 theme Cr 1083:1084 arg1 concentrations 1086:1099 As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations 1067:1099 concentrations 1086:1099 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 4 45 theme C/N 864:866 arg1 ratio 868:872 the C/N ratio 860:872 the C/N ratio 860:872 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 6 46 theme test 1216:1219 arg1 results 1189:1195 the results 1185:1195 the results of column leaching test 1185:1219 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 2 47 theme metals 365:370 arg1 assessment 345:354 Environmental risk assessment 326:354 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants 326:391 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. 27078983 5 48 theme standard 1149:1156 arg1 limit 1143:1147 limit standard 1143:1156 limit standard (NY525-2012) 1143:1169 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 5 48 theme standard 1149:1156 arg1 NY525-2012 1159:1168 NY525-2012 1159:1168 NY525-2012 1159:1168 The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). 27078983 6 49 theme leaching 1207:1214 arg1 test 1216:1219 column leaching test 1200:1219 column leaching test 1200:1219 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 50 theme SMS 1414:1416 arg1 group 1418:1422 SMS group 1414:1422 SMS group 1414:1422 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 2 51 theme heavy 359:363 arg1 metals 365:370 heavy metals 359:370 heavy metals 359:370 Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. 27078983 6 52 theme SMC 1345:1347 arg1 leachate 1349:1356 SMC leachate 1345:1356 SMC leachate 1345:1356 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 3 53 contain had 627:629 arg1 SMS 617:619 SMS 617:619 SMS 617:619 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 3 53 contain had 627:629 arg2 nutrients 640:648 nutrients 640:648 nutrients 640:648 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 3 53 contain had 627:629 arg2 lot 633:635 a lot 631:635 a lot of nutrients 631:648 The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. 27078983 6 54 theme COD 1338:1340 arg1 accumulation 1315:1326 the accumulation 1311:1326 the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate 1311:1356 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 4 55 theme protein 691:697 arg1 contents 718:725 the protein and polysaccharide contents 687:725 contents 718:725 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 6 56 from organics 1242:1249 arg1 SMC 1267:1269 SMC 1267:1269 SMC 1267:1269 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 6 56 from organics 1242:1249 arg1 SMS 1259:1261 SMS 1259:1261 SMS 1259:1261 In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. 27078983 4 57 theme composting 962:971 arg1 process 973:979 the composting process 958:979 the composting process 958:979 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 27078983 1 58 theme spent 156:160 arg1 SMS/SMC 192:198 SMS/SMC 192:198 SMS/SMC 192:198 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 1 58 theme spent 156:160 arg1 substrates/composts 171:189 spent mushroom substrates/composts 156:189 spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization 156:227 Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. 27078983 4 59 theme organic 1009:1015 arg1 degradation 1017:1027 organic degradation 1009:1027 organic degradation 1009:1027 After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. 28660921 0 0 theme mixtures 93:100 arg1 separation 71:80 sustainable separation 59:80 sustainable separation of complex mixtures 59:100 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 5 1 theme statistical 853:863 arg1 analysis 865:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis 837:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species 837:958 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 1 2 theme volume 153:158 arg1 challenge 191:199 a considerable challenge 176:199 a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries 176:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 2 theme volume 153:158 arg1 extractives 160:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 4 3 theme structure-separation 615:634 arg1 relationships 636:648 the structure-separation relationships 611:648 the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 611:704 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 0 4 theme complex 85:91 arg1 mixtures 93:100 complex mixtures 85:100 complex mixtures 85:100 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 7 5 theme new 1252:1254 arg1 alternatives 1284:1295 new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives 1252:1295 new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases 1252:1341 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 2 6 theme efficient 359:367 arg1 separation 390:399 efficient, green and selective separation 359:399 efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures 359:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 7 7 theme mesoporous 1225:1234 arg1 materials 1236:1244 these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1196:1244 these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1196:1244 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 5 8 theme key 881:883 arg1 molecular 885:893 the key molecular and surface properties 877:916 molecular 885:893 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 6 9 theme analyte 1142:1148 arg1 composition 1123:1133 the molecular composition 1109:1133 the molecular composition of the analyte 1109:1148 The obtained results show the possibility of developing tailored materials for purification, separation or extraction, depending on the molecular composition of the analyte. 28660921 5 10 theme first 825:829 arg1 time 831:834 the first time 821:834 the first time 821:834 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 7 11 theme materials 1236:1244 arg1 versatility 1160:1170 The wide versatility 1151:1170 The wide versatility 1151:1170 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 7 11 theme materials 1236:1244 arg1 span 1188:1191 application span 1176:1191 application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1176:1244 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 2 12 theme promising 332:340 arg1 method 342:347 a promising method 330:347 a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures 330:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 4 13 theme phenolic 779:786 arg1 compounds 788:796 ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 745:796 ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 745:796 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 6 14 theme obtained 981:988 arg1 results 990:996 The obtained results 977:996 The obtained results 977:996 The obtained results show the possibility of developing tailored materials for purification, separation or extraction, depending on the molecular composition of the analyte. 28660921 0 15 link Polysaccharide-derived 0:21 arg1 materials 34:42 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 0:42 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 0:101 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 0 15 link Polysaccharide-derived 0:21 arg1 Starbon® 45:52 Starbon® 45:52 Starbon® 45:52 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 3 16 theme Mesoporous 439:448 arg1 solids 463:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids 439:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides 439:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 16 theme Mesoporous 439:448 arg1 phases 530:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 5 17 theme species 952:958 arg1 recovery 934:941 the recovery 930:941 the recovery of these species 930:958 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 7 18 theme sustainable 1256:1266 arg1 alternatives 1284:1295 new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives 1252:1295 new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases 1252:1341 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 7 19 theme inexpensive 1272:1282 arg1 alternatives 1284:1295 new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives 1252:1295 new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases 1252:1341 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 3 20 attach derived 470:476 arg2 phases 530:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 20 attach derived 470:476 arg1 polysaccharides 493:507 renewable polysaccharides 483:507 renewable polysaccharides 483:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 20 attach derived 470:476 arg2 solids 463:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids 439:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides 439:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 21 theme surface 577:583 arg1 structure 585:593 surface structure 577:593 surface structure 577:593 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 0 22 theme mesoporous 23:32 arg1 materials 34:42 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 0:42 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 0:101 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 0 22 theme mesoporous 23:32 arg1 Starbon® 45:52 Starbon® 45:52 Starbon® 45:52 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 7 23 theme silica-based 1312:1323 arg1 phases 1336:1341 traditional silica-based stationary phases 1300:1341 traditional silica-based stationary phases 1300:1341 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 1 24 theme considerable 178:189 arg1 challenge 191:199 a considerable challenge 176:199 a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries 176:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 24 theme considerable 178:189 arg1 extractives 160:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 0 25 theme Polysaccharide-derived 0:21 arg1 materials 34:42 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 0:42 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 0:101 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 0 25 theme Polysaccharide-derived 0:21 arg1 Starbon® 45:52 Starbon® 45:52 Starbon® 45:52 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 2 26 theme selective 380:388 arg1 separation 390:399 efficient, green and selective separation 359:399 efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures 359:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 5 27 theme properties 907:916 arg1 analysis 865:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis 837:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species 837:958 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 5 28 theme surface 899:905 arg1 properties 907:916 the key molecular and surface properties 877:916 properties 907:916 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 1 29 theme recovery 107:114 arg1 challenge 191:199 a considerable challenge 176:199 a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries 176:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 29 theme recovery 107:114 arg1 extractives 160:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 7 30 theme polysaccharide-derived 1202:1223 arg1 materials 1236:1244 these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1196:1244 these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1196:1244 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 7 31 theme traditional 1300:1310 arg1 phases 1336:1341 traditional silica-based stationary phases 1300:1341 traditional silica-based stationary phases 1300:1341 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 6 32 theme molecular 1113:1121 arg1 composition 1123:1133 the molecular composition 1109:1133 the molecular composition of the analyte 1109:1148 The obtained results show the possibility of developing tailored materials for purification, separation or extraction, depending on the molecular composition of the analyte. 28660921 2 33 theme sustainable 306:316 arg1 sorbents 318:325 sustainable sorbents 306:325 sustainable sorbents 306:325 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 2 34 theme mixtures 429:436 arg1 separation 390:399 efficient, green and selective separation 359:399 efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures 359:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 7 35 link polysaccharide-derived 1202:1223 arg1 materials 1236:1244 these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1196:1244 these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1196:1244 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 7 36 theme wide 1155:1158 arg1 versatility 1160:1170 The wide versatility 1151:1170 The wide versatility 1151:1170 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 2 37 theme extractive 418:427 arg1 mixtures 429:436 these complex extractive mixtures 404:436 these complex extractive mixtures 404:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 4 38 theme modified 714:721 arg1 types 723:727 two modified types 710:727 two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 710:796 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 3 39 theme carbonaceous 450:461 arg1 solids 463:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids 439:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides 439:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 39 theme carbonaceous 450:461 arg1 phases 530:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 1 40 theme commercial 209:218 arg1 realisation 220:230 the commercial realisation 205:230 the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries 205:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 4 41 theme bioactive 769:777 arg1 compounds 788:796 ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 745:796 ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 745:796 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 4 42 link polysaccharide-derived 662:683 arg1 materials 696:704 thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 653:704 thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 653:704 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 4 43 theme materials 696:704 arg1 relationships 636:648 the structure-separation relationships 611:648 the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 611:704 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 4 43 theme materials 696:704 arg1 types 723:727 two modified types 710:727 two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 710:796 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 2 44 theme complex 410:416 arg1 mixtures 429:436 these complex extractive mixtures 404:436 these complex extractive mixtures 404:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 0 45 theme sustainable 59:69 arg1 separation 71:80 sustainable separation 59:80 sustainable separation of complex mixtures 59:100 Polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials (Starbon®) for sustainable separation of complex mixtures. 28660921 1 46 theme separation 120:129 arg1 challenge 191:199 a considerable challenge 176:199 a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries 176:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 46 theme separation 120:129 arg1 extractives 160:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives 103:170 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 5 47 theme molecular 885:893 arg1 analysis 865:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis 837:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species 837:958 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 6 48 theme tailored 1033:1040 arg1 materials 1042:1050 tailored materials 1033:1050 tailored materials for purification, separation or extraction 1033:1093 The obtained results show the possibility of developing tailored materials for purification, separation or extraction, depending on the molecular composition of the analyte. 28660921 3 49 theme ideal 513:517 arg1 phases 530:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 49 theme ideal 513:517 arg1 solids 463:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids 439:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides 439:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 1 50 theme low 149:151 arg1 volume 153:158 low volume 149:158 low volume 149:158 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 4 51 theme naturally-occurring 749:767 arg1 compounds 788:796 ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 745:796 ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds 745:796 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 1 52 theme high 134:137 arg1 value 139:143 high value 134:143 high value 134:143 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 4 53 theme polysaccharide-derived 662:683 arg1 materials 696:704 thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 653:704 thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 653:704 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 28660921 7 54 theme application 1176:1186 arg1 span 1188:1191 application span 1176:1191 application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 1176:1244 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 1 55 theme value 139:143 arg1 volume 153:158 low volume 149:158 low volume 149:158 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 55 theme value 139:143 arg1 separation 120:129 separation 120:129 separation 120:129 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 55 theme value 139:143 arg1 recovery 107:114 recovery 107:114 recovery 107:114 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 1 56 theme zero-waste 235:244 arg1 biorefineries 246:258 zero-waste biorefineries 235:258 zero-waste biorefineries 235:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 3 57 theme renewable 483:491 arg1 polysaccharides 493:507 renewable polysaccharides 483:507 renewable polysaccharides 483:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 2 58 theme solid-phase 267:277 arg1 SPE 292:294 SPE 292:294 SPE 292:294 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 2 58 theme solid-phase 267:277 arg1 extractions 279:289 solid-phase extractions 267:289 solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents 267:325 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 3 59 theme tuneable 550:557 arg1 functionality 559:571 their tuneable functionality 544:571 their tuneable functionality 544:571 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 60 theme stationary 519:528 arg1 phases 530:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 ideal stationary phases 513:535 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 3 60 theme stationary 519:528 arg1 solids 463:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids 439:468 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides 439:507 Mesoporous carbonaceous solids derived from renewable polysaccharides are ideal stationary phases due to their tuneable functionality and surface structure. 28660921 1 61 theme biorefineries 246:258 arg1 realisation 220:230 the commercial realisation 205:230 the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries 205:258 The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives are a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. 28660921 5 62 theme comprehensive 839:851 arg1 analysis 865:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis 837:872 a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species 837:958 For the first time, a comprehensive statistical analysis of the key molecular and surface properties influencing the recovery of these species was carried out. 28660921 2 63 theme green 370:374 arg1 separation 390:399 efficient, green and selective separation 359:399 efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures 359:436 Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. 28660921 7 64 theme stationary 1325:1334 arg1 phases 1336:1341 traditional silica-based stationary phases 1300:1341 traditional silica-based stationary phases 1300:1341 The wide versatility and application span of these polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials offer new sustainable and inexpensive alternatives to traditional silica-based stationary phases. 28660921 4 65 theme mesoporous 685:694 arg1 materials 696:704 thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 653:704 thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials 653:704 In this study, the structure-separation relationships of thirteen polysaccharide-derived mesoporous materials and two modified types as sorbents for ten naturally-occurring bioactive phenolic compounds were investigated. 25037390 6 0 theme radical 744:750 arg1 capability 682:691 good capability 677:691 good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical 677:750 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 7 1 theme antioxidant 887:897 arg1 activity 899:906 a high antioxidant activity 880:906 a high antioxidant activity 880:906 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 4 2 theme precipitation 530:542 arg1 process 504:510 the process 500:510 the process of polysaccharide precipitation 500:542 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 7 3 contain had 876:878 arg1 source 937:942 the source 933:942 the source of bioactive compounds 933:965 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 7 3 contain had 876:878 arg2 activity 899:906 a high antioxidant activity 880:906 a high antioxidant activity 880:906 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 7 3 contain had 876:878 arg1 polysaccharides 860:874 maca polysaccharides 855:874 maca polysaccharides 855:874 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 4 4 theme meyenii 411:417 arg1 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 4 4 theme meyenii 411:417 arg1 polysaccharides 419:433 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides 397:433 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) 397:440 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 1 5 theme Lepidium 161:168 arg1 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 1 5 theme Lepidium 161:168 arg1 extract 187:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract 155:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE) 155:199 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 6 6 theme activity 634:641 arg1 tests 643:647 Antioxidant activity tests 622:647 Antioxidant activity tests 622:647 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 4 7 theme polysaccharide 515:528 arg1 precipitation 530:542 polysaccharide precipitation 515:542 polysaccharide precipitation 515:542 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 4 8 theme Lepidium 402:409 arg1 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 4 8 theme Lepidium 402:409 arg1 polysaccharides 419:433 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides 397:433 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) 397:440 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 6 9 theme Antioxidant 622:632 arg1 tests 643:647 Antioxidant activity tests 622:647 Antioxidant activity tests 622:647 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 0 10 theme Lepidium 86:93 arg1 maca 80:83 maca 80:83 maca (Lepidium meyenii) 80:102 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 0 10 theme Lepidium 86:93 arg1 meyenii 95:101 Lepidium meyenii 86:101 Lepidium meyenii 86:101 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 4 11 theme ethanol 489:495 arg1 concentration 472:484 the concentration 468:484 the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation 468:542 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 6 12 theme superoxide 733:742 arg1 radical 744:750 superoxide radical 733:750 superoxide radical 733:750 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 7 13 theme maca 855:858 arg1 source 937:942 the source 933:942 the source of bioactive compounds 933:965 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 7 13 theme maca 855:858 arg1 polysaccharides 860:874 maca polysaccharides 855:874 maca polysaccharides 855:874 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 7 14 theme bioactive 947:955 arg1 compounds 957:965 bioactive compounds 947:965 bioactive compounds 947:965 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 1 15 theme meyenii 170:176 arg1 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 1 15 theme meyenii 170:176 arg1 extract 187:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract 155:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE) 155:199 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 0 16 from activities 41:50 arg1 maca 80:83 maca 80:83 maca (Lepidium meyenii) 80:102 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 0 16 from activities 41:50 arg1 meyenii 95:101 Lepidium meyenii 86:101 Lepidium meyenii 86:101 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 6 17 theme radical 721:727 arg1 capability 682:691 good capability 677:691 good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical 677:750 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 6 18 theme free 716:719 arg1 radical 721:727 scavenging hydroxyl free radical 696:727 scavenging hydroxyl free radical 696:727 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 1 19 theme aqueous 179:185 arg1 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 1 19 theme aqueous 179:185 arg1 extract 187:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract 155:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE) 155:199 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 0 20 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 activities 41:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities 0:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 0:103 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 6 21 theme hydroxyl 707:714 arg1 radical 721:727 scavenging hydroxyl free radical 696:727 scavenging hydroxyl free radical 696:727 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 3 22 theme maca 375:378 arg1 polysaccharides 380:394 maca polysaccharides 375:394 maca polysaccharides 375:394 During the preparation process of maca polysaccharides, amylase and glucoamylase effectively removed starch in maca polysaccharides. 25037390 4 23 from concentration 472:484 arg1 process 504:510 the process 500:510 the process of polysaccharide precipitation 500:542 Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. 25037390 6 24 theme scavenging 696:705 arg1 radical 721:727 scavenging hydroxyl free radical 696:727 scavenging hydroxyl free radical 696:727 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 0 25 theme purification 12:23 arg1 activities 41:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities 0:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 0:103 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 3 26 theme preparation 275:285 arg1 process 287:293 the preparation process 271:293 the preparation process of maca polysaccharides 271:317 During the preparation process of maca polysaccharides, amylase and glucoamylase effectively removed starch in maca polysaccharides. 25037390 0 27 from maca 80:83 arg1 activities 41:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities 0:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 0:103 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 0 27 from maca 80:83 arg1 polysaccharides 59:73 the polysaccharides 55:73 the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii) 55:102 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 0 28 theme antioxidant 29:39 arg1 activities 41:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities 0:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 0:103 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 3 29 from starch 365:370 arg1 polysaccharides 380:394 maca polysaccharides 375:394 maca polysaccharides 375:394 During the preparation process of maca polysaccharides, amylase and glucoamylase effectively removed starch in maca polysaccharides. 25037390 3 30 theme maca 298:301 arg1 polysaccharides 303:317 maca polysaccharides 298:317 maca polysaccharides 298:317 During the preparation process of maca polysaccharides, amylase and glucoamylase effectively removed starch in maca polysaccharides. 25037390 2 31 theme crude 206:210 arg1 polysaccharides 212:226 The crude polysaccharides 202:226 The crude polysaccharides 202:226 The crude polysaccharides were deproteinized by Sevag method. 25037390 1 32 theme Water-soluble 105:117 arg1 polysaccharides 119:133 Water-soluble polysaccharides 105:133 Water-soluble polysaccharides 105:133 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 3 33 theme polysaccharides 303:317 arg1 process 287:293 the preparation process 271:293 the preparation process of maca polysaccharides 271:317 During the preparation process of maca polysaccharides, amylase and glucoamylase effectively removed starch in maca polysaccharides. 25037390 6 34 theme scavenging 769:778 arg1 rate 780:783 the scavenging rate 765:783 the scavenging rate 765:783 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 6 34 theme scavenging 769:778 arg1 % 793:793 52.9% 789:793 52.9% 789:793 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 6 35 theme good 677:680 arg1 capability 682:691 good capability 677:691 good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical 677:750 Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. 25037390 2 36 theme Sevag 250:254 arg1 method 256:261 Sevag method 250:261 Sevag method 250:261 The crude polysaccharides were deproteinized by Sevag method. 25037390 7 37 theme compounds 957:965 arg1 source 937:942 the source 933:942 the source of bioactive compounds 933:965 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 7 37 theme compounds 957:965 arg1 polysaccharides 860:874 maca polysaccharides 855:874 maca polysaccharides 855:874 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 25037390 0 38 theme polysaccharides 59:73 arg1 activities 41:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities 0:50 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 0:103 Extraction, purification and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from maca (Lepidium meyenii). 25037390 1 39 theme maca 155:158 arg1 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 MAE 196:198 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 1 39 theme maca 155:158 arg1 extract 187:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract 155:193 maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE) 155:199 Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). 25037390 7 40 theme high 882:885 arg1 activity 899:906 a high antioxidant activity 880:906 a high antioxidant activity 880:906 Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds. 26428094 0 0 theme saccharide 87:96 arg1 mapping 98:104 saccharide mapping 87:104 saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC 87:128 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 0 1 from comparison 21:30 arg1 China 75:79 China 75:79 China 75:79 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 0 1 from comparison 21:30 arg1 barbarum 63:70 Lycium barbarum 56:70 Lycium barbarum 56:70 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 2 2 theme hydrolysates 607:618 arg1 fingerprints 564:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 540:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 540:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 3 from fruits 180:185 arg1 China 217:221 China 217:221 China 217:221 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 6 4 theme polysaccharides 1377:1391 arg1 control 1366:1372 the quality control 1354:1372 the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products 1354:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 3 5 theme β-1,3-glucosidic 729:744 arg1 linkages 793:800 β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages 729:800 β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages 729:800 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 2 6 from fingerprints 564:575 arg1 China 659:663 China 659:663 China 659:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 7 theme enzymatic 326:334 arg1 digestion 336:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 7 theme enzymatic 326:334 arg1 mapping 271:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 2 8 theme enzymatic 597:605 arg1 hydrolysates 607:618 enzymatic hydrolysates 597:618 enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 597:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 9 theme analysis 432:439 arg1 analysis 496:503 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis 392:503 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis 392:503 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 6 10 theme routine 1514:1520 arg1 approach 1522:1529 a routine approach 1512:1529 a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides 1512:1568 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 6 10 theme routine 1514:1520 arg1 mapping 1462:1468 saccharide mapping 1451:1468 saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis 1451:1501 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 6 11 theme polysaccharides 1554:1568 arg1 control 1543:1549 quality control 1535:1549 quality control of polysaccharides 1535:1568 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 3 12 theme performance 1023:1033 arg1 improvement 1004:1014 the improvement 1000:1014 the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area 1000:1101 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 0 13 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 China 75:79 China 75:79 China 75:79 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 0 13 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 barbarum 63:70 Lycium barbarum 56:70 Lycium barbarum 56:70 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 3 14 theme foods 1092:1096 arg1 area 1098:1101 functional/health foods area 1074:1101 functional/health foods area 1074:1101 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 1 15 from batches 169:175 arg1 polysaccharides 145:159 Water-soluble polysaccharides 131:159 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China 131:221 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 0 16 from barbarum 63:70 arg1 comparison 21:30 comparison 21:30 comparison 21:30 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 0 16 from barbarum 63:70 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 0 16 from barbarum 63:70 arg1 polysaccharides 35:49 polysaccharides 35:49 polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum 35:70 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 2 17 theme acid 588:591 arg1 fingerprints 564:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 540:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 540:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 18 theme high 445:448 arg1 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 18 theme high 445:448 arg1 chromatography 473:486 high performance thin layer chromatography 445:486 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 445:494 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 19 theme saccharide 260:269 arg1 digestion 336:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 19 theme saccharide 260:269 arg1 mapping 271:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 19 theme saccharide 260:269 arg1 hydrolysis 293:302 partial acid hydrolysis 280:302 partial acid hydrolysis 280:302 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 20 theme performance 450:460 arg1 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 20 theme performance 450:460 arg1 chromatography 473:486 high performance thin layer chromatography 445:486 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 445:494 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 3 21 theme China 955:959 arg1 regions 944:950 different regions 934:950 different regions of China 934:959 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 4 22 from membranaceus 1191:1202 arg1 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus 1117:1202 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 1 23 theme polysaccharide 359:372 arg1 analysis 374:381 polysaccharide analysis 359:381 polysaccharide analysis 359:381 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 24 theme thin 462:465 arg1 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 24 theme thin 462:465 arg1 chromatography 473:486 high performance thin layer chromatography 445:486 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 445:494 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 3 25 theme different 934:942 arg1 regions 944:950 different regions 934:950 different regions of China 934:959 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 1 26 theme fruits 180:185 arg1 batches 169:175 51 batches 166:175 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China 166:221 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 6 27 from barabrum 1401:1408 arg1 polysaccharides 1377:1391 polysaccharides 1377:1391 polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products 1377:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 6 27 from barabrum 1401:1408 arg1 control 1366:1372 the quality control 1354:1372 the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products 1354:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 2 28 theme polysaccharides 623:637 arg1 acid 588:591 partial acid 580:591 partial acid 580:591 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 28 theme polysaccharides 623:637 arg1 hydrolysates 607:618 enzymatic hydrolysates 597:618 enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 597:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 29 theme layer 467:471 arg1 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 HPTLC 489:493 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 29 theme layer 467:471 arg1 chromatography 473:486 high performance thin layer chromatography 445:486 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 445:494 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 3 30 from similarity 874:883 arg1 barbarum 910:917 L. barbarum 907:917 L. barbarum collected from different regions of China 907:959 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 4 31 theme Astragalus 1180:1189 arg1 membranaceus 1191:1202 Astragalus membranaceus 1180:1202 Astragalus membranaceus 1180:1202 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 3 32 theme α-1,5-arabinosidic 774:791 arg1 linkages 793:800 β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages 729:800 β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages 729:800 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 1 33 theme chromatography 473:486 arg1 analysis 496:503 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis 392:503 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis 392:503 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 2 34 from acid 588:591 arg1 China 659:663 China 659:663 China 659:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 34 from acid 588:591 arg1 barbarum 647:654 L. barbarum 644:654 L. barbarum 644:654 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 35 theme HPTLC 558:562 arg1 fingerprints 564:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 540:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 540:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 3 36 theme polysaccharides 1038:1052 arg1 performance 1023:1033 the performance 1019:1033 the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum 1019:1069 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 1 37 theme barbarum 193:200 arg1 fruits 180:185 fruits 180:185 fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China 180:221 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 6 38 theme HPTLC 1488:1492 arg1 analysis 1494:1501 HPTLC analysis 1488:1501 HPTLC analysis 1488:1501 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 1 39 theme partial 280:286 arg1 mapping 271:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 39 theme partial 280:286 arg1 hydrolysis 293:302 partial acid hydrolysis 280:302 partial acid hydrolysis 280:302 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 2 40 theme PACE 549:552 arg1 fingerprints 564:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 540:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 540:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 41 from hydrolysates 607:618 arg1 China 659:663 China 659:663 China 659:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 41 from hydrolysates 607:618 arg1 barbarum 647:654 L. barbarum 644:654 L. barbarum 644:654 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 42 theme acid 288:291 arg1 mapping 271:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 42 theme acid 288:291 arg1 hydrolysis 293:302 partial acid hydrolysis 280:302 partial acid hydrolysis 280:302 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 2 43 theme multiple 540:547 arg1 fingerprints 564:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 540:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 540:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 4 44 theme Angelica 1157:1164 arg1 sinensis 1166:1173 Angelica sinensis 1157:1173 Angelica sinensis 1157:1173 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 0 45 theme polysaccharides 35:49 arg1 comparison 21:30 comparison 21:30 comparison 21:30 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 0 45 theme polysaccharides 35:49 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and comparison of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum in China using saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC. 26428094 6 46 from control 1366:1372 arg1 barabrum 1401:1408 L. barabrum 1398:1408 L. barabrum 1398:1408 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 6 46 from control 1366:1372 arg1 products 1420:1427 their products 1414:1427 their products 1414:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 1 47 theme carbohydrate 392:403 arg1 analysis 432:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 4 48 dep var 1204:1206 arg1 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus 1117:1202 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 2 49 from China 659:663 arg1 fingerprints 564:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 540:575 multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 540:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 50 theme partial 580:586 arg1 acid 588:591 partial acid 580:591 partial acid 580:591 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 1 51 theme gel 405:407 arg1 analysis 432:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 52 theme single 305:310 arg1 digestion 336:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 52 theme single 305:310 arg1 mapping 271:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 3 53 from barbarum 837:844 arg1 polysaccharides 813:827 polysaccharides 813:827 polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China 813:863 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 1 54 theme electrophoresis 409:423 arg1 analysis 432:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 6 55 theme quality 1535:1541 arg1 control 1543:1549 quality control 1535:1549 quality control of polysaccharides 1535:1568 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 2 56 from barbarum 647:654 arg1 polysaccharides 623:637 polysaccharides 623:637 polysaccharides from L. barbarum 623:654 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 56 from barbarum 647:654 arg1 acid 588:591 partial acid 580:591 partial acid 580:591 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 2 56 from barbarum 647:654 arg1 hydrolysates 607:618 enzymatic hydrolysates 597:618 enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China 597:663 Results showed that multiple PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acid and enzymatic hydrolysates of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in China were similar, respectively. 26428094 3 57 theme polysaccharides 888:902 arg1 similarity 874:883 the similarity 870:883 the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China 870:959 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 3 57 theme polysaccharides 888:902 arg1 high 972:975 high 972:975 high 972:975 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 3 58 theme α-1,4-galactosiduronic 747:768 arg1 linkages 793:800 β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages 729:800 β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages 729:800 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 1 59 from China 217:221 arg1 fruits 180:185 fruits 180:185 fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China 180:221 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 60 theme PACE 426:429 arg1 analysis 432:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis 392:439 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 6 61 from products 1420:1427 arg1 polysaccharides 1377:1391 polysaccharides 1377:1391 polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products 1377:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 6 61 from products 1420:1427 arg1 control 1366:1372 the quality control 1354:1372 the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products 1354:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 1 62 theme Water-soluble 131:143 arg1 polysaccharides 145:159 Water-soluble polysaccharides 131:159 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China 131:221 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 4 63 theme Panax 1138:1142 arg1 notoginseng 1144:1154 Panax notoginseng 1138:1154 Panax notoginseng 1138:1154 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 6 64 theme quality 1358:1364 arg1 control 1366:1372 the quality control 1354:1372 the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products 1354:1427 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 4 65 from notoginseng 1144:1154 arg1 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus 1117:1202 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 4 66 from sinensis 1166:1173 arg1 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides 1117:1131 polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus 1117:1202 Furthermore, polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng, Angelica sinensis, and Astragalus membranaceus var. 26428094 3 67 from performance 1023:1033 arg1 barbarum 1062:1069 L. barbarum 1059:1069 L. barbarum 1059:1069 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 3 68 from improvement 1004:1014 arg1 area 1098:1101 functional/health foods area 1074:1101 functional/health foods area 1074:1101 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 5 69 theme PACE 1294:1297 arg1 fingerprints 1299:1310 their PACE fingerprints 1288:1310 their PACE fingerprints 1288:1310 mongholicus were successfully distinguished from those of L. barbarum based on their PACE fingerprints. 26428094 6 70 theme saccharide 1451:1460 arg1 approach 1522:1529 a routine approach 1512:1529 a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides 1512:1568 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 6 70 theme saccharide 1451:1460 arg1 mapping 1462:1468 saccharide mapping 1451:1468 saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis 1451:1501 These results were beneficial to improve the quality control of polysaccharides from L. barabrum and their products, which suggested that saccharide mapping based on PACE and HPTLC analysis could be a routine approach for quality control of polysaccharides. 26428094 1 71 theme composite 316:324 arg1 digestion 336:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 single and composite enzymatic digestion 305:344 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 1 71 theme composite 316:324 arg1 mapping 271:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 saccharide mapping 260:277 Water-soluble polysaccharides from 51 batches of fruits of L. barbarum (wolfberry) in China were investigated and compared using saccharide mapping, partial acid hydrolysis, single and composite enzymatic digestion, followed by polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) analysis and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, respectively. 26428094 3 72 from barbarum 1062:1069 arg1 polysaccharides 1038:1052 polysaccharides 1038:1052 polysaccharides from L. barbarum 1038:1069 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 26428094 3 72 from barbarum 1062:1069 arg1 performance 1023:1033 the performance 1019:1033 the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum 1019:1069 In addition, results indicated that β-1,3-glucosidic, α-1,4-galactosiduronic and α-1,5-arabinosidic linkages existed in polysaccharides from L. barbarum collected in China, and the similarity of polysaccharides in L. barbarum collected from different regions of China was pretty high, which are helpful for the improvement of the performance of polysaccharides from L. barbarum in functional/health foods area. 27596431 2 0 theme scanning 531:538 arg1 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 0 theme scanning 531:538 arg1 microscopy 549:558 scanning electron microscopy 531:558 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 4 1 theme glucuronic 900:909 arg1 acid 911:914 glucuronic acid 900:914 glucuronic acid 900:914 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 8 2 theme dose-dependent 1211:1224 arg1 proprieties 1226:1236 good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties 1194:1236 good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties 1194:1236 WMRP showed good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties. 27596431 1 3 theme hot 152:154 arg1 extraction 162:171 hot water extraction 152:171 hot water extraction 152:171 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 1 4 theme polysaccharides 254:268 arg1 optimization 136:147 optimization 136:147 optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) 136:307 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 0 5 theme functional 77:86 arg1 activities 103:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 0 5 theme functional 77:86 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds 0:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 1 6 theme water 156:160 arg1 extraction 162:171 hot water extraction 152:171 hot water extraction 152:171 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 9 7 theme agents 1353:1358 arg1 source 1309:1314 a promising natural source 1289:1314 a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents 1289:1358 Overall, the results suggested that WMRP presents a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. 27596431 0 8 from Optimization 0:11 arg1 rinds 59:63 watermelon rinds 48:63 watermelon rinds 48:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 6 9 contain had 1036:1038 arg1 polysaccharides 1020:1034 Those polysaccharides 1014:1034 Those polysaccharides 1014:1034 Those polysaccharides had also a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. 27596431 6 9 contain had 1036:1038 arg2 effect 1058:1063 a protection effect 1045:1063 a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage 1045:1107 Those polysaccharides had also a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. 27596431 6 10 theme protection 1047:1056 arg1 effect 1058:1063 a protection effect 1045:1063 a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage 1045:1107 Those polysaccharides had also a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. 27596431 0 11 theme biological 92:101 arg1 activities 103:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 0 11 theme biological 92:101 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds 0:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 acid 854:857 galacturonic acid 841:857 galacturonic acid 841:857 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 xylose 879:884 xylose 879:884 xylose 879:884 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 traces 890:895 traces 890:895 traces 890:895 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 arabinose 821:829 arabinose 821:829 arabinose 821:829 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 rhamnose 860:867 rhamnose 860:867 rhamnose 860:867 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 mannose 870:876 mannose 870:876 mannose 870:876 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 12 theme acid 911:914 arg1 glucose 832:838 glucose 832:838 glucose 832:838 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 9 13 theme promising 1291:1299 arg1 source 1309:1314 a promising natural source 1289:1314 a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents 1289:1358 Overall, the results suggested that WMRP presents a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. 27596431 1 14 theme watermelon 285:294 arg1 WMRP 303:306 WMRP 303:306 WMRP 303:306 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 1 14 theme watermelon 285:294 arg1 rinds 296:300 watermelon rinds 285:300 watermelon rinds (WMRP) 285:307 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 0 15 from rinds 59:63 arg1 activities 103:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 0 15 from rinds 59:63 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds 0:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 0 15 from rinds 59:63 arg1 extraction 32:41 polysaccharides extraction 16:41 polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds 16:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 2 16 dep Fourier 482:488 arg1 transform 490:498 transform 490:498 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 490:528 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 1 17 theme functional 202:211 arg1 properties 213:222 functional properties 202:222 functional properties 202:222 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 1 18 theme extraction 162:171 arg1 optimization 136:147 optimization 136:147 optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) 136:307 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 6 19 theme DNA 1098:1100 arg1 damage 1102:1107 hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage 1073:1107 hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage 1073:1107 Those polysaccharides had also a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. 27596431 2 20 theme infrared 500:507 arg1 spectroscopy 517:528 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 500:528 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 500:528 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 4 21 theme extracted 782:790 arg1 polysaccharides 792:806 the extracted polysaccharides 778:806 the extracted polysaccharides 778:806 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 1 22 theme structural 174:183 arg1 characteristics 185:199 structural characteristics 174:199 structural characteristics 174:199 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 7 23 theme extracted 1135:1143 arg1 polysaccharides 1145:1159 extracted polysaccharides 1135:1159 extracted polysaccharides 1135:1159 Functional properties of extracted polysaccharides were also evaluated. 27596431 9 24 theme antioxidants 1319:1330 arg1 source 1309:1314 a promising natural source 1289:1314 a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents 1289:1358 Overall, the results suggested that WMRP presents a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. 27596431 5 25 theme antioxidant 990:1000 arg1 activities 1002:1011 excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities 959:1011 excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities 959:1011 The findings revealed that WMRP displayed excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. 27596431 1 26 theme characteristics 185:199 arg1 optimization 136:147 optimization 136:147 optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) 136:307 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 0 27 theme extraction 32:41 arg1 activities 103:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 functional and biological activities 77:112 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 0 27 theme extraction 32:41 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds 0:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 5 28 theme antihypertensive 969:984 arg1 activities 1002:1011 excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities 959:1011 excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities 959:1011 The findings revealed that WMRP displayed excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. 27596431 3 29 with surface 687:693 arg1 cavities 705:712 many cavities 700:712 many cavities 700:712 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 27596431 0 30 theme polysaccharides 16:30 arg1 extraction 32:41 polysaccharides extraction 16:41 polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds 16:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 2 31 theme ionization 595:604 arg1 GC-FID 617:622 GC-FID 617:622 GC-FID 617:622 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 31 theme ionization 595:604 arg1 detection 606:614 gas chromatography-flame ionization detection 570:614 gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) 570:623 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 9 32 theme antihypertensive 1336:1351 arg1 agents 1353:1358 antihypertensive agents 1336:1358 antihypertensive agents 1336:1358 Overall, the results suggested that WMRP presents a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. 27596431 2 33 theme monosaccharide 372:385 arg1 composition 387:397 the monosaccharide composition 368:397 the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides 368:422 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 34 theme composition 460:470 arg1 analysis 472:479 chemical composition analysis 451:479 chemical composition analysis 451:479 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 0 35 theme watermelon 48:57 arg1 rinds 59:63 watermelon rinds 48:63 watermelon rinds 48:63 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 3 36 theme many 700:703 arg1 cavities 705:712 many cavities 700:712 many cavities 700:712 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 27596431 2 37 theme chromatography-flame 574:593 arg1 GC-FID 617:622 GC-FID 617:622 GC-FID 617:622 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 37 theme chromatography-flame 574:593 arg1 detection 606:614 gas chromatography-flame ionization detection 570:614 gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) 570:623 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 38 theme chemical 451:458 arg1 analysis 472:479 chemical composition analysis 451:479 chemical composition analysis 451:479 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 39 theme polysaccharides 408:422 arg1 composition 387:397 the monosaccharide composition 368:397 the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides 368:422 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 39 theme polysaccharides 408:422 arg1 characteristics 348:362 The physicochemical characteristics 328:362 The physicochemical characteristics 328:362 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 1 40 theme properties 213:222 arg1 optimization 136:147 optimization 136:147 optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) 136:307 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 2 41 theme gas 570:572 arg1 GC-FID 617:622 GC-FID 617:622 GC-FID 617:622 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 41 theme gas 570:572 arg1 detection 606:614 gas chromatography-flame ionization detection 570:614 gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) 570:623 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 3 42 theme rough 681:685 arg1 surface 687:693 a rough surface 679:693 a rough surface with many cavities 679:712 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 27596431 6 43 theme radical-induced 1082:1096 arg1 damage 1102:1107 hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage 1073:1107 hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage 1073:1107 Those polysaccharides had also a protection effect against hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. 27596431 2 44 theme FT-IR 510:514 arg1 spectroscopy 517:528 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 500:528 infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 500:528 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 8 45 theme interfacial 1199:1209 arg1 proprieties 1226:1236 good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties 1194:1236 good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties 1194:1236 WMRP showed good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties. 27596431 3 46 theme SEM 626:628 arg1 images 630:635 SEM images 626:635 SEM images 626:635 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 27596431 4 47 theme dominant 760:767 arg1 galactose 742:750 galactose 742:750 galactose 742:750 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 47 theme dominant 760:767 arg1 sugar 769:773 the dominant sugar 756:773 the dominant sugar 756:773 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 7 48 theme polysaccharides 1145:1159 arg1 properties 1121:1130 Functional properties 1110:1130 Functional properties of extracted polysaccharides 1110:1159 Functional properties of extracted polysaccharides were also evaluated. 27596431 8 49 theme good 1194:1197 arg1 proprieties 1226:1236 good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties 1194:1236 good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties 1194:1236 WMRP showed good interfacial dose-dependent proprieties. 27596431 1 50 theme present 122:128 arg1 work 130:133 the present work 118:133 the present work 118:133 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 4 51 theme galacturonic 841:852 arg1 acid 854:857 galacturonic acid 841:857 galacturonic acid 841:857 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 51 theme galacturonic 841:852 arg1 arabinose 821:829 arabinose 821:829 arabinose 821:829 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 4 52 theme GC-FID 715:720 arg1 results 722:728 GC-FID results 715:728 GC-FID results 715:728 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 5 53 theme excellent 959:967 arg1 activities 1002:1011 excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities 959:1011 excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities 959:1011 The findings revealed that WMRP displayed excellent antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. 27596431 4 54 from sugar 769:773 arg1 polysaccharides 792:806 the extracted polysaccharides 778:806 the extracted polysaccharides 778:806 GC-FID results proved that galactose was the dominant sugar in the extracted polysaccharides, followed by arabinose, glucose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose, mannose, xylose and traces of glucuronic acid. 27596431 7 55 theme Functional 1110:1119 arg1 properties 1121:1130 Functional properties 1110:1130 Functional properties of extracted polysaccharides 1110:1159 Functional properties of extracted polysaccharides were also evaluated. 27596431 2 56 theme physicochemical 332:346 arg1 characteristics 348:362 The physicochemical characteristics 328:362 The physicochemical characteristics 328:362 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 9 57 theme natural 1301:1307 arg1 source 1309:1314 a promising natural source 1289:1314 a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents 1289:1358 Overall, the results suggested that WMRP presents a promising natural source of antioxidants and antihypertensive agents. 27596431 1 58 theme biological 229:238 arg1 activities 240:249 biological activities 229:249 biological activities 229:249 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 3 59 theme extracted 649:657 arg1 polysaccharides 659:673 extracted polysaccharides 649:673 extracted polysaccharides 649:673 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 27596431 1 60 theme activities 240:249 arg1 optimization 136:147 optimization 136:147 optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) 136:307 In the present work, optimization of hot water extraction, structural characteristics, functional properties, and biological activities of polysaccharides extracted from watermelon rinds (WMRP) were investigated. 27596431 2 61 theme electron 540:547 arg1 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 SEM 561:563 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 2 61 theme electron 540:547 arg1 microscopy 549:558 scanning electron microscopy 531:558 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 531:564 The physicochemical characteristics and the monosaccharide composition of these polysaccharides were then determined using chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 27596431 0 62 dep Optimization 0:11 arg1 Structure 66:74 Structure 66:74 Structure 66:74 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from watermelon rinds: Structure, functional and biological activities. 27596431 3 63 contain had 675:677 arg1 polysaccharides 659:673 extracted polysaccharides 649:673 extracted polysaccharides 649:673 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 27596431 3 63 contain had 675:677 arg2 surface 687:693 a rough surface 679:693 a rough surface with many cavities 679:712 SEM images showed that extracted polysaccharides had a rough surface with many cavities. 25583018 2 0 theme substrate 503:511 arg1 ratio 513:517 substrate ratio 503:517 substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w) 503:547 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 1 1 from eggs 187:190 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide 118:160 a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) 118:196 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 2 2 theme different 373:381 arg1 conditions 383:392 different conditions 373:392 different conditions of temperature (45, 50 373:415 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 6 3 theme heparin-like 1266:1277 arg1 nature 1279:1284 the heparin-like nature 1262:1284 the heparin-like nature of PLE 1262:1291 In the final step, the heparin-like nature of PLE was confirmed by digestion with heparinases I, II, and III, which showed ΔDiHS-0S, ΔDiHS-6S, ΔDiHS-diS1, and ΔDiHS-diS2 at compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g, respectively. 25583018 3 4 theme extraction 710:719 arg1 yield 721:725 the extraction yield 706:725 the extraction yield 706:725 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 5 5 theme Clotting 1007:1014 arg1 measurements 1021:1032 Clotting time measurements 1007:1032 Clotting time measurements 1007:1032 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 5 6 theme time 1016:1019 arg1 measurements 1021:1032 Clotting time measurements 1007:1032 Clotting time measurements 1007:1032 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 2 7 dep pH 429:430 arg1 7.0 438:440 7.0 438:440 7.0 438:440 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 7 dep pH 429:430 arg1 7.5 447:449 7.5 447:449 7.5 447:449 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 5 8 theme PLE 1145:1147 arg1 properties 1131:1140 the anticoagulant properties 1113:1140 the anticoagulant properties of PLE 1113:1147 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 5 9 with correlation 1201:1211 arg1 concentrations 1222:1235 the concentrations 1218:1235 the concentrations used 1218:1240 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 4 10 from enzyme 858:863 arg1 ratio 875:879 an E/S ratio 868:879 an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, 868:913 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 4 11 theme polysaccharide 957:970 arg1 yield 972:976 a polysaccharide yield 955:976 a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) 955:991 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 4 12 theme % 888:888 arg1 ratio 875:879 an E/S ratio 868:879 an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, 868:913 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 6 13 with digestion 1310:1318 arg1 heparinases 1325:1335 heparinases I, II, and III 1325:1350 heparinases I, II, and III 1325:1350 In the final step, the heparin-like nature of PLE was confirmed by digestion with heparinases I, II, and III, which showed ΔDiHS-0S, ΔDiHS-6S, ΔDiHS-diS1, and ΔDiHS-diS2 at compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g, respectively. 25583018 4 14 theme Protamex® 848:856 arg1 enzyme 858:863 the Protamex® enzyme 844:863 the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, 844:913 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 3 15 theme PLE 775:777 arg1 extraction 779:788 the PLE extraction 771:788 the PLE extraction 771:788 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 0 16 theme Enzyme-assisted 0:14 arg1 extraction 16:25 Enzyme-assisted extraction 0:25 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 0:88 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 25583018 0 17 theme anticoagulant 30:42 arg1 polysaccharide 44:57 anticoagulant polysaccharide 30:57 anticoagulant polysaccharide 30:57 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 25583018 3 18 from influence 693:701 arg1 yield 721:725 the extraction yield 706:725 the extraction yield 706:725 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 1 19 dep Liparis 167:173 arg1 tessellatus 175:185 tessellatus 175:185 tessellatus 175:185 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 1 20 theme enzyme-assisted 207:221 arg1 technique 234:242 enzyme-assisted extraction technique 207:242 enzyme-assisted extraction technique 207:242 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 3 21 with variables 670:678 arg1 influence 693:701 greater influence 685:701 greater influence on the extraction yield 685:725 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 6 22 theme mol/g 1459:1463 arg1 compositions 1416:1427 compositions 1416:1427 compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g 1416:1463 In the final step, the heparin-like nature of PLE was confirmed by digestion with heparinases I, II, and III, which showed ΔDiHS-0S, ΔDiHS-6S, ΔDiHS-diS1, and ΔDiHS-diS2 at compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g, respectively. 25583018 5 23 theme anticoagulant 1117:1129 arg1 properties 1131:1140 the anticoagulant properties 1113:1140 the anticoagulant properties of PLE 1113:1147 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 1 24 theme extraction 223:232 arg1 technique 234:242 enzyme-assisted extraction technique 207:242 enzyme-assisted extraction technique 207:242 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 4 25 theme E/S 871:873 arg1 ratio 875:879 an E/S ratio 868:879 an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, 868:913 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 3 26 theme Statistical 603:613 arg1 analysis 615:622 Statistical analysis 603:622 Statistical analysis of extraction results 603:644 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 5 27 theme properties 1131:1140 arg1 evaluation 1099:1108 evaluation 1099:1108 evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE 1099:1147 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 0 28 theme polysaccharide 44:57 arg1 extraction 16:25 Enzyme-assisted extraction 0:25 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 0:88 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 25583018 4 29 theme extraction 800:809 arg1 results 811:817 The best extraction results 791:817 The best extraction results 791:817 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 6 30 theme final 1250:1254 arg1 step 1256:1259 the final step 1246:1259 the final step 1246:1259 In the final step, the heparin-like nature of PLE was confirmed by digestion with heparinases I, II, and III, which showed ΔDiHS-0S, ΔDiHS-6S, ΔDiHS-diS1, and ΔDiHS-diS2 at compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g, respectively. 25583018 0 31 theme tessellatus 72:82 arg1 eggs 84:87 Liparis tessellatus eggs 64:87 Liparis tessellatus eggs 64:87 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 25583018 0 32 from eggs 84:87 arg1 extraction 16:25 Enzyme-assisted extraction 0:25 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 0:88 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 25583018 1 33 theme heparin-like 120:131 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide 118:160 a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) 118:196 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 0 34 theme Liparis 64:70 arg1 eggs 84:87 Liparis tessellatus eggs 64:87 Liparis tessellatus eggs 64:87 Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs. 25583018 3 35 theme extraction 627:636 arg1 results 638:644 extraction results 627:644 extraction results 627:644 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 4 36 theme best 795:798 arg1 results 811:817 The best extraction results 791:817 The best extraction results 791:817 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 2 37 theme Extraction 245:254 arg1 experiments 256:266 Extraction experiments 245:266 Extraction experiments 245:266 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 4 38 dep h. 928:929 arg1 obtained 997:1004 obtained 997:1004 was obtained 993:1004 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 1 39 theme anticoagulant 133:145 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide 118:160 a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) 118:196 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 5 40 theme prothrombin 1078:1088 arg1 time 1090:1093 prothrombin time 1078:1093 prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE 1078:1147 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 3 41 theme results 638:644 arg1 analysis 615:622 Statistical analysis 603:622 Statistical analysis of extraction results 603:644 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 1 42 theme Liparis 167:173 arg1 PLE 193:195 PLE 193:195 PLE 193:195 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 1 42 theme Liparis 167:173 arg1 eggs 187:190 Liparis tessellatus eggs 167:190 Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) 167:196 This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. 25583018 2 43 theme different 297:305 arg1 enzymes 307:313 three different enzymes 291:313 three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50 291:415 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 43 theme different 297:305 arg1 L 329:329 Alcalase®2.4 L 316:329 Alcalase®2.4 L 316:329 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 43 theme different 297:305 arg1 MG 348:349 Flavourzyme®500 MG 332:349 Flavourzyme®500 MG 332:349 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 43 theme different 297:305 arg1 Protamex® 356:364 Protamex® 356:364 Protamex® 356:364 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 5 44 theme increasing 1176:1185 arg1 activities 1187:1196 increasing activities 1176:1196 increasing activities 1176:1196 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 3 45 theme greater 685:691 arg1 influence 693:701 greater influence 685:701 greater influence on the extraction yield 685:725 Statistical analysis of extraction results allowed identifying the variables with greater influence on the extraction yield, and selecting the conditions that maximize the PLE extraction. 25583018 2 46 theme incubation 453:462 arg1 h 485:485 24, 36, and 48 h 470:485 24, 36, and 48 h 470:485 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 46 theme incubation 453:462 arg1 time 464:467 incubation time 453:467 incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h) 453:486 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 47 theme D-optimal 585:593 arg1 design 595:600 a D-optimal design 583:600 a D-optimal design 583:600 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 48 theme temperature 397:407 arg1 conditions 383:392 different conditions 373:392 different conditions of temperature (45, 50 373:415 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 6 49 theme PLE 1289:1291 arg1 nature 1279:1284 the heparin-like nature 1262:1284 the heparin-like nature of PLE 1262:1291 In the final step, the heparin-like nature of PLE was confirmed by digestion with heparinases I, II, and III, which showed ΔDiHS-0S, ΔDiHS-6S, ΔDiHS-diS1, and ΔDiHS-diS2 at compositions of 0.04, 0.03, 0.35, and 0.24 mol/g, respectively. 25583018 5 50 theme activated 1035:1043 arg1 time 1068:1071 activated partial thromboplastin time 1035:1071 activated partial thromboplastin time 1035:1071 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 2 51 dep ratio 513:517 arg1 w/w 544:546 w/w 544:546 w/w 544:546 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 51 dep ratio 513:517 arg1 % 541:541 E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% 520:541 E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% 520:541 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 4 52 theme % 985:985 arg1 yield 972:976 a polysaccharide yield 955:976 a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) 955:991 The best extraction results were achieved when using the Protamex® enzyme in an E/S ratio of 1.34% (w/w), pH 6.60, 47.40°C, during 26.50 h. Under these conditions, a polysaccharide yield of 2.10% (w/w) was obtained. 25583018 2 53 dep enzymes 307:313 arg1 enzymes 307:313 three different enzymes 291:313 three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50 291:415 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 53 dep enzymes 307:313 arg1 L 329:329 Alcalase®2.4 L 316:329 Alcalase®2.4 L 316:329 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 53 dep enzymes 307:313 arg1 MG 348:349 Flavourzyme®500 MG 332:349 Flavourzyme®500 MG 332:349 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 2 53 dep enzymes 307:313 arg1 Protamex® 356:364 Protamex® 356:364 Protamex® 356:364 Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.5, 7.0, and 7.5), incubation time (24, 36, and 48 h), and enzyme to substrate ratio (E/S=0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, w/w), which were combined according to a D-optimal design. 25583018 5 54 theme thromboplastin 1053:1066 arg1 time 1068:1071 activated partial thromboplastin time 1035:1071 activated partial thromboplastin time 1035:1071 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25583018 5 55 theme partial 1045:1051 arg1 time 1068:1071 activated partial thromboplastin time 1035:1071 activated partial thromboplastin time 1035:1071 Clotting time measurements, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time for evaluation of the anticoagulant properties of PLE were determined and showed increasing activities in correlation with the concentrations used. 25577048 1 0 theme membrane 235:242 arg1 fraction 211:218 the cell wall fraction 197:218 the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits 197:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 1 theme Eighty-nine 798:808 arg1 percent 810:816 Eighty-nine percent 798:816 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes 798:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 1 2 theme 1M 405:406 arg1 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 2 theme 1M 405:406 arg1 fraction 447:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 403:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS) 403:462 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 3 theme Satsuma 247:253 arg1 fruits 264:269 Satsuma mandarin fruits 247:269 Satsuma mandarin fruits 247:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 9 4 theme materials 1603:1611 arg1 amount 1579:1584 the amount 1575:1584 the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products 1575:1672 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 9 4 theme materials 1603:1611 arg1 materials 1603:1611 the polymeric materials 1589:1611 the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products 1589:1672 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 1 5 theme hydroxide-soluble 415:431 arg1 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 5 theme hydroxide-soluble 415:431 arg1 fraction 447:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 403:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS) 403:462 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 6 6 theme fractions 1169:1177 arg1 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 6 theme fractions 1169:1177 arg1 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 6 theme fractions 1169:1177 arg1 constituents 1133:1144 the main sugar constituents 1118:1144 the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions 1118:1177 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 6 theme fractions 1169:1177 arg1 glucose 1105:1111 glucose 1105:1111 glucose 1105:1111 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 6 theme fractions 1169:1177 arg1 xylose 1074:1079 xylose 1074:1079 xylose 1074:1079 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 6 theme fractions 1169:1177 arg1 mannose 1082:1088 mannose 1082:1088 mannose 1082:1088 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 1 7 theme industrial 179:188 arg1 scale 190:194 an industrial scale 176:194 an industrial scale 176:194 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 8 theme present 843:849 arg1 percent 810:816 Eighty-nine percent 798:816 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes 798:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 5 9 theme weight 995:1000 arg1 populations 1002:1012 two different molecular weight populations 971:1012 two different molecular weight populations 971:1012 The two hemicellulosic fractions consisted of two different molecular weight populations, which also differed in their sugar composition. 25577048 6 10 theme hemicellulose 1155:1167 arg1 fractions 1169:1177 these hemicellulose fractions 1149:1177 these hemicellulose fractions 1149:1177 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 1 11 theme fresh 590:594 arg1 membrane 596:603 fresh membrane 590:603 fresh membrane 590:603 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 12 from present 843:849 arg1 membranes 866:874 the segment membranes 854:874 the segment membranes 854:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 1 13 theme cell 201:204 arg1 fraction 211:218 the cell wall fraction 197:218 the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits 197:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 10 14 dep possible 1716:1723 arg1 Using 1689:1693 Using 1689:1693 Using pectic enzymes 1689:1708 Using pectic enzymes it is possible to obtain peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning. 25577048 10 15 theme peeled 1735:1740 arg1 segments 1751:1758 peeled mandarin segments 1735:1758 peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning 1735:1786 Using pectic enzymes it is possible to obtain peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning. 25577048 1 16 theme enzymatic 117:125 arg1 peeling 127:133 enzymatic peeling 117:133 enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use 117:171 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 3 17 theme neutral 772:778 arg1 sugars 780:785 more neutral sugars 767:785 more neutral sugars 767:785 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 4 18 theme galacturonic 825:836 arg1 present 843:849 the galacturonic acid present 821:849 the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes 821:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 6 19 theme sugar 1127:1131 arg1 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 19 theme sugar 1127:1131 arg1 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 19 theme sugar 1127:1131 arg1 constituents 1133:1144 the main sugar constituents 1118:1144 the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions 1118:1177 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 19 theme sugar 1127:1131 arg1 glucose 1105:1111 glucose 1105:1111 glucose 1105:1111 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 19 theme sugar 1127:1131 arg1 xylose 1074:1079 xylose 1074:1079 xylose 1074:1079 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 19 theme sugar 1127:1131 arg1 mannose 1082:1088 mannose 1082:1088 mannose 1082:1088 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 7 20 theme arabinogalactan 1250:1264 arg1 presence 1235:1242 the presence 1231:1242 the presence of an arabinogalactan 1231:1264 In addition to an (arabino)xylan and a xyloglucan, the presence of an arabinogalactan is suggested by the sugar composition of both hemicelluloses. 25577048 3 21 theme DASS 716:719 arg1 fraction 721:728 The DASS fraction 712:728 The DASS fraction 712:728 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 5 22 theme different 975:983 arg1 populations 1002:1012 two different molecular weight populations 971:1012 two different molecular weight populations 971:1012 The two hemicellulosic fractions consisted of two different molecular weight populations, which also differed in their sugar composition. 25577048 8 23 dep enzymes 1410:1416 arg1 polygalacturonase 1418:1434 polygalacturonase 1418:1434 polygalacturonase 1418:1434 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 23 dep enzymes 1410:1416 arg1 enzymes 1410:1416 the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1399:1489 the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1399:1489 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 23 dep enzymes 1410:1416 arg1 pectinmethylesterase 1437:1456 pectinmethylesterase 1437:1456 pectinmethylesterase 1437:1456 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 23 dep enzymes 1410:1416 arg1 hydrolase 1481:1489 rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1462:1489 rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1462:1489 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 5 24 theme sugar 1044:1048 arg1 composition 1050:1060 their sugar composition 1038:1060 their sugar composition 1038:1060 The two hemicellulosic fractions consisted of two different molecular weight populations, which also differed in their sugar composition. 25577048 1 25 theme segments 147:154 arg1 peeling 127:133 enzymatic peeling 117:133 enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use 117:171 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 8 26 theme pectic 1403:1408 arg1 polygalacturonase 1418:1434 polygalacturonase 1418:1434 polygalacturonase 1418:1434 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 26 theme pectic 1403:1408 arg1 enzymes 1410:1416 the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1399:1489 the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1399:1489 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 26 theme pectic 1403:1408 arg1 pectinmethylesterase 1437:1456 pectinmethylesterase 1437:1456 pectinmethylesterase 1437:1456 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 26 theme pectic 1403:1408 arg1 hydrolase 1481:1489 rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1462:1489 rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1462:1489 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 2 27 theme ChSS 625:628 arg1 pectin 630:635 The ChSS pectin 621:635 The ChSS pectin 621:635 The ChSS pectin consisted mainly of galacturonic acid followed by arabinose and galactose. 25577048 3 28 theme galacturonic 745:756 arg1 acid 758:761 less galacturonic acid 740:761 less galacturonic acid 740:761 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 0 29 from Characterisation 0:15 arg1 membranes 68:76 mandarin segment membranes 51:76 mandarin segment membranes 51:76 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 8 30 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1462:1479 arg1 enzymes 1410:1416 the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1399:1489 the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1399:1489 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 8 30 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1462:1479 arg1 hydrolase 1481:1489 rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1462:1489 rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase 1462:1489 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 1 31 theme mandarin 255:262 arg1 fruits 264:269 Satsuma mandarin fruits 247:269 Satsuma mandarin fruits 247:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 32 from percent 810:816 arg1 membranes 866:874 the segment membranes 854:874 the segment membranes 854:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 9 33 theme degradation 1514:1524 arg1 degree 1504:1509 the degree 1500:1509 the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes 1500:1559 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 0 34 theme cell-wall 20:28 arg1 polysaccharides 30:44 cell-wall polysaccharides 20:44 cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes 20:76 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 5 35 theme hemicellulosic 933:946 arg1 fractions 948:956 The two hemicellulosic fractions 925:956 The two hemicellulosic fractions 925:956 The two hemicellulosic fractions consisted of two different molecular weight populations, which also differed in their sugar composition. 25577048 0 36 theme segment 60:66 arg1 membranes 68:76 mandarin segment membranes 51:76 mandarin segment membranes 51:76 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 1 37 theme agent-soluble 307:319 arg1 fraction 328:335 a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 295:618 a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 295:618 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 37 theme agent-soluble 307:319 arg1 ChSS 338:341 ChSS 338:341 ChSS 338:341 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 7 38 theme arabino 1199:1205 arg1 xylan 1207:1211 an (arabino)xylan 1195:1211 an (arabino)xylan 1195:1211 In addition to an (arabino)xylan and a xyloglucan, the presence of an arabinogalactan is suggested by the sugar composition of both hemicelluloses. 25577048 9 39 theme fractions 1540:1548 arg1 degradation 1514:1524 degradation 1514:1524 degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes 1514:1559 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 1 40 from process 106:112 arg1 scale 190:194 an industrial scale 176:194 an industrial scale 176:194 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 41 theme wall 206:209 arg1 fraction 211:218 the cell wall fraction 197:218 the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits 197:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 42 theme sodium 470:475 arg1 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 42 theme sodium 470:475 arg1 fraction 509:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 465:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) 465:524 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 43 theme hemicellulose 495:507 arg1 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 43 theme hemicellulose 495:507 arg1 fraction 509:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 465:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) 465:524 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 44 theme segment 227:233 arg1 membrane 235:242 the segment membrane 223:242 the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits 223:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 45 from membranes 866:874 arg1 percent 810:816 Eighty-nine percent 798:816 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes 798:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 9 46 theme polymeric 1593:1601 arg1 materials 1603:1611 the polymeric materials 1589:1611 the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products 1589:1672 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 1 47 theme sodium 408:413 arg1 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 47 theme sodium 408:413 arg1 fraction 447:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 403:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS) 403:462 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 10 48 theme pectic 1695:1700 arg1 enzymes 1702:1708 pectic enzymes 1695:1708 pectic enzymes 1695:1708 Using pectic enzymes it is possible to obtain peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning. 25577048 9 49 theme resistant 1613:1621 arg1 materials 1603:1611 the polymeric materials 1589:1611 the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products 1589:1672 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 2 50 theme galacturonic 657:668 arg1 acid 670:673 galacturonic acid 657:673 galacturonic acid 657:673 The ChSS pectin consisted mainly of galacturonic acid followed by arabinose and galactose. 25577048 1 51 theme hemicellulose 433:445 arg1 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 51 theme hemicellulose 433:445 arg1 fraction 447:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 403:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS) 403:462 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 9 52 theme further 1626:1632 arg1 degradation 1634:1644 further degradation 1626:1644 further degradation 1626:1644 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 7 53 theme hemicelluloses 1312:1325 arg1 composition 1292:1302 the sugar composition 1282:1302 the sugar composition of both hemicelluloses 1282:1325 In addition to an (arabino)xylan and a xyloglucan, the presence of an arabinogalactan is suggested by the sugar composition of both hemicelluloses. 25577048 1 54 theme % 582:582 arg1 w/w 583:585 3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w 556:585 3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane 556:603 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 55 theme acid 838:841 arg1 present 843:849 the galacturonic acid present 821:849 the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes 821:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 1 56 theme sodium 354:359 arg1 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 56 theme sodium 354:359 arg1 fraction 386:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction 345:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS) 345:400 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 10 57 theme ready 1760:1764 arg1 segments 1751:1758 peeled mandarin segments 1735:1758 peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning 1735:1786 Using pectic enzymes it is possible to obtain peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning. 25577048 9 58 theme oligomeric 1654:1663 arg1 products 1665:1672 the oligomeric products 1650:1672 the oligomeric products 1650:1672 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 7 59 theme sugar 1286:1290 arg1 composition 1292:1302 the sugar composition 1282:1302 the sugar composition of both hemicelluloses 1282:1325 In addition to an (arabino)xylan and a xyloglucan, the presence of an arabinogalactan is suggested by the sugar composition of both hemicelluloses. 25577048 1 60 theme membrane 596:603 arg1 w/w 583:585 3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w 556:585 3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane 556:603 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 61 theme pectin 379:384 arg1 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 61 theme pectin 379:384 arg1 fraction 386:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction 345:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS) 345:400 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 10 62 theme mandarin 1742:1749 arg1 segments 1751:1758 peeled mandarin segments 1735:1758 peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning 1735:1786 Using pectic enzymes it is possible to obtain peeled mandarin segments ready to eat or for canning. 25577048 1 63 theme peeling 127:133 arg1 process 106:112 a process 104:112 a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale 104:194 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 6 64 theme main 1122:1125 arg1 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose 1063:1071 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 64 theme main 1122:1125 arg1 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 galactose 1091:1099 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 64 theme main 1122:1125 arg1 constituents 1133:1144 the main sugar constituents 1118:1144 the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions 1118:1177 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 64 theme main 1122:1125 arg1 glucose 1105:1111 glucose 1105:1111 glucose 1105:1111 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 64 theme main 1122:1125 arg1 xylose 1074:1079 xylose 1074:1079 xylose 1074:1079 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 6 64 theme main 1122:1125 arg1 mannose 1082:1088 mannose 1082:1088 mannose 1082:1088 Arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose were the main sugar constituents of these hemicellulose fractions. 25577048 5 65 theme molecular 985:993 arg1 populations 1002:1012 two different molecular weight populations 971:1012 two different molecular weight populations 971:1012 The two hemicellulosic fractions consisted of two different molecular weight populations, which also differed in their sugar composition. 25577048 1 66 theme mandarin 138:145 arg1 segments 147:154 mandarin segments 138:154 mandarin segments suitable for use 138:171 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 3 67 theme more 767:770 arg1 sugars 780:785 more neutral sugars 767:785 more neutral sugars 767:785 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 1 68 theme pectin 321:326 arg1 fraction 328:335 a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 295:618 a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 295:618 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 68 theme pectin 321:326 arg1 ChSS 338:341 ChSS 338:341 ChSS 338:341 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 69 theme suitable 156:163 arg1 segments 147:154 mandarin segments 138:154 mandarin segments suitable for use 138:171 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 70 theme above 897:901 arg1 fractions 914:922 the above two pectin fractions 893:922 the above two pectin fractions 893:922 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 1 71 theme dilute 347:352 arg1 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 71 theme dilute 347:352 arg1 fraction 386:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction 345:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS) 345:400 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 4 72 theme segment 858:864 arg1 membranes 866:874 the segment membranes 854:874 the segment membranes 854:874 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 0 73 from membranes 68:76 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 0:77 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 0 73 from membranes 68:76 arg1 polysaccharides 30:44 cell-wall polysaccharides 20:44 cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes 20:76 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 2 74 dep consisted 637:645 arg1 followed 675:682 followed 675:682 followed by arabinose and galactose 675:709 The ChSS pectin consisted mainly of galacturonic acid followed by arabinose and galactose. 25577048 0 75 theme polysaccharides 30:44 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 0:77 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 1 76 theme fruits 264:269 arg1 membrane 235:242 the segment membrane 223:242 the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits 223:269 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 77 theme cellulose-rich 532:545 arg1 residue 547:553 a cellulose-rich residue 530:553 a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 530:618 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 0 78 theme mandarin 51:58 arg1 membranes 68:76 mandarin segment membranes 51:76 mandarin segment membranes 51:76 Characterisation of cell-wall polysaccharides from mandarin segment membranes. 25577048 9 79 theme pectin 1533:1538 arg1 fractions 1540:1548 the pectin fractions 1529:1548 the pectin fractions 1529:1548 However the degree of degradation of the pectin fractions by enzymes differed, and the amount of the polymeric materials resistant to further degradation and the oligomeric products also differed. 25577048 4 80 theme pectin 907:912 arg1 fractions 914:922 the above two pectin fractions 893:922 the above two pectin fractions 893:922 Eighty-nine percent of the galacturonic acid present in the segment membranes was recovered in the above two pectin fractions. 25577048 3 81 contain contained 730:738 arg2 acid 758:761 less galacturonic acid 740:761 less galacturonic acid 740:761 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 3 81 contain contained 730:738 arg1 fraction 721:728 The DASS fraction 712:728 The DASS fraction 712:728 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 3 81 contain contained 730:738 arg2 sugars 780:785 more neutral sugars 767:785 more neutral sugars 767:785 The DASS fraction contained less galacturonic acid and more neutral sugars than ChSS. 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 1MASS 457:461 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 fraction 386:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction 345:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS) 345:400 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 residue 547:553 a cellulose-rich residue 530:553 a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 530:618 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 fraction 509:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 465:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) 465:524 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 82 dep ChSS 338:341 arg1 fraction 447:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 403:454 a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS) 403:462 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 83 theme hydroxide-soluble 361:377 arg1 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 DASS 396:399 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 83 theme hydroxide-soluble 361:377 arg1 fraction 386:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction 345:393 a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS) 345:400 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 84 theme chelating 297:305 arg1 fraction 328:335 a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 295:618 a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively) 295:618 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 84 theme chelating 297:305 arg1 ChSS 338:341 ChSS 338:341 ChSS 338:341 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 85 theme 4M 467:468 arg1 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 85 theme 4M 467:468 arg1 fraction 509:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 465:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) 465:524 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 86 dep residue 547:553 arg1 w/w 583:585 3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w 556:585 3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane 556:603 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 8 87 theme pectin 1332:1337 arg1 fractions 1339:1347 The pectin fractions 1328:1347 The pectin fractions 1328:1347 The pectin fractions were also characterised by their degradability by the pectic enzymes polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase and rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase. 25577048 1 88 theme hydroxide-soluble 477:493 arg1 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 4MASS 519:523 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 25577048 1 88 theme hydroxide-soluble 477:493 arg1 fraction 509:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction 465:516 a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) 465:524 In an attempt to develop a process of enzymatic peeling of mandarin segments suitable for use on an industrial scale, the cell wall fraction of the segment membrane of Satsuma mandarin fruits was extracted to obtain a chelating agent-soluble pectin fraction (ChSS), a dilute sodium hydroxide-soluble pectin fraction (DASS), a 1M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (1MASS), a 4M sodium hydroxide-soluble hemicellulose fraction (4MASS) and a cellulose-rich residue (3.1, 0.9, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.6%w/w of fresh membrane, respectively). 26769512 1 0 theme methoxylation 263:275 arg1 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 0 theme methoxylation 263:275 arg1 yield 246:250 the yield 242:250 the yield 242:250 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 0 theme methoxylation 263:275 arg1 content 304:310 galacturonic acid content 286:310 galacturonic acid content (GA) 286:315 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 0 theme methoxylation 263:275 arg1 degree 253:258 degree 253:258 degree of methoxylation (DM) 253:280 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 2 1 from Changes 374:380 arg1 composition 385:395 composition 385:395 composition 385:395 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 6 2 theme galacturonic 717:728 arg1 YGA 736:738 YGA 736:738 YGA 736:738 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 6 2 theme galacturonic 717:728 arg1 acid 730:733 galacturonic acid 717:733 galacturonic acid (YGA) 717:739 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 1 3 theme banana 343:348 arg1 peels 350:354 banana peels 343:354 banana peels with citric acid 343:371 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 3 4 used used 519:522 arg2 FTIR 505:508 FTIR 505:508 FTIR 505:508 FTIR was also used to determine DM and GA of pectins. 26769512 0 5 theme surface 87:93 arg1 methodology 95:105 response surface methodology 78:105 response surface methodology 78:105 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. 26769512 1 6 theme time 220:223 arg1 effects 157:163 effects 157:163 effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid 157:371 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 2 7 theme pectin 422:427 arg1 extraction 429:438 pectin extraction 422:438 pectin extraction 422:438 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 6 8 theme pectin 800:805 arg1 purity 807:812 the pectin purity 796:812 the pectin purity 796:812 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 2 9 dep Fourier 457:463 arg1 transform 465:473 transform 465:473 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 465:502 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 1 10 theme citric 361:366 arg1 acid 368:371 citric acid 361:371 citric acid 361:371 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 11 used used 139:142 arg2 design 128:133 A central composite design 108:133 A central composite design 108:133 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 4 12 theme Harsh 559:563 arg1 temperature 565:575 Harsh temperature and pH conditions 559:593 temperature 565:575 Harsh temperature and pH conditions enhanced the extraction yield, but decreased DM. 26769512 0 13 from banana 39:44 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana 0:44 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. 26769512 7 14 theme % 985:985 arg1 minimum 972:978 a minimum 970:978 a minimum of 51% 970:985 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 1 15 theme acid 299:302 arg1 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 15 theme acid 299:302 arg1 content 304:310 galacturonic acid content 286:310 galacturonic acid content (GA) 286:315 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 2 16 dep infrared 475:482 arg1 FTIR 485:488 FTIR 485:488 FTIR 485:488 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 1 17 theme pH 168:169 arg1 effects 157:163 effects 157:163 effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid 157:371 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 0 18 theme extraction 23:32 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana 0:44 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. 26769512 7 19 theme optimum 875:881 arg1 min 1005:1007 87 °C, 160 min 994:1007 min 1005:1007 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 7 19 theme optimum 875:881 arg1 conditions 894:903 The optimum extraction conditions 871:903 The optimum extraction conditions 871:903 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 0 20 theme pectin 16:21 arg1 extraction 23:32 pectin extraction 16:32 pectin extraction 16:32 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. 26769512 7 21 theme extraction 883:892 arg1 min 1005:1007 87 °C, 160 min 994:1007 min 1005:1007 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 7 21 theme extraction 883:892 arg1 conditions 894:903 The optimum extraction conditions 871:903 The optimum extraction conditions 871:903 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 4 22 theme pH 581:582 arg1 conditions 584:593 Harsh temperature and pH conditions 559:593 conditions 584:593 Harsh temperature and pH conditions enhanced the extraction yield, but decreased DM. 26769512 6 23 theme pH 860:861 arg1 values 863:868 lower pH values 854:868 lower pH values 854:868 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 5 24 theme maximum 659:665 arg1 value 667:671 a maximum value 657:671 a maximum value 657:671 GA presented a maximum value at 83 °C, 190 min, and pH 2.7. 26769512 6 25 theme extraction 775:784 arg1 yield 786:790 the extraction yield 771:790 the extraction yield 771:790 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 6 26 theme lower 854:858 arg1 values 863:868 lower pH values 854:868 lower pH values 854:868 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 1 27 theme extraction 182:191 arg1 temperature 193:203 extraction temperature 182:203 extraction temperature (70-90 °C) 182:214 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 27 theme extraction 182:191 arg1 °C 212:213 70-90 °C 206:213 70-90 °C 206:213 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 7 28 theme maximum 938:944 arg1 YGA 946:948 a maximum YGA 936:948 a maximum YGA 936:948 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 2 29 theme extraction 429:438 arg1 steps 413:417 the main steps 404:417 the main steps of pectin extraction 404:438 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 7 30 theme °C 997:998 arg1 min 1005:1007 87 °C, 160 min 994:1007 min 1005:1007 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 7 30 theme °C 997:998 arg1 conditions 894:903 The optimum extraction conditions 871:903 The optimum extraction conditions 871:903 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 7 30 theme °C 997:998 arg1 pH 1010:1011 pH 2.0 1010:1015 pH 2.0 1010:1015 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those resulting in a maximum YGA while keeping DM at a minimum of 51%, were: 87 °C, 160 min, pH 2.0. 26769512 1 31 theme galacturonic 286:297 arg1 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 31 theme galacturonic 286:297 arg1 content 304:310 galacturonic acid content 286:310 galacturonic acid content (GA) 286:315 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 32 theme central 110:116 arg1 design 128:133 A central composite design 108:133 A central composite design 108:133 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 33 with peels 350:354 arg1 acid 368:371 citric acid 361:371 citric acid 361:371 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 2 34 theme infrared 475:482 arg1 spectroscopy 491:502 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 475:502 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 475:502 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 1 35 theme pectins 320:326 arg1 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 35 theme pectins 320:326 arg1 yield 246:250 the yield 242:250 the yield 242:250 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 35 theme pectins 320:326 arg1 content 304:310 galacturonic acid content 286:310 galacturonic acid content (GA) 286:315 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 35 theme pectins 320:326 arg1 degree 253:258 degree 253:258 degree of methoxylation (DM) 253:280 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 5 36 attach presented 647:655 arg1 pH 696:697 pH 2.7 696:701 pH 2.7 696:701 GA presented a maximum value at 83 °C, 190 min, and pH 2.7. 26769512 5 36 attach presented 647:655 arg2 GA 644:645 GA 644:645 GA 644:645 GA presented a maximum value at 83 °C, 190 min, and pH 2.7. 26769512 5 36 attach presented 647:655 arg1 °C 679:680 83 °C 676:680 83 °C 676:680 GA presented a maximum value at 83 °C, 190 min, and pH 2.7. 26769512 5 36 attach presented 647:655 arg1 min 687:689 190 min 683:689 190 min 683:689 GA presented a maximum value at 83 °C, 190 min, and pH 2.7. 26769512 1 37 theme composite 118:126 arg1 design 128:133 A central composite design 108:133 A central composite design 108:133 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 38 theme temperature 193:203 arg1 effects 157:163 effects 157:163 effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid 157:371 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 4 39 theme extraction 608:617 arg1 yield 619:623 the extraction yield 604:623 the extraction yield 604:623 Harsh temperature and pH conditions enhanced the extraction yield, but decreased DM. 26769512 6 40 theme higher 831:836 arg1 temperature 838:848 higher temperature 831:848 higher temperature 831:848 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 2 41 theme main 408:411 arg1 steps 413:417 the main steps 404:417 the main steps of pectin extraction 404:438 Changes in composition during the main steps of pectin extraction were followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. 26769512 3 42 theme pectins 550:556 arg1 GA 544:545 GA 544:545 GA 544:545 FTIR was also used to determine DM and GA of pectins. 26769512 3 42 theme pectins 550:556 arg1 DM 537:538 DM 537:538 DM 537:538 FTIR was also used to determine DM and GA of pectins. 26769512 6 43 theme acid 730:733 arg1 yield 708:712 The yield 704:712 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, 704:813 The yield of galacturonic acid (YGA), which took into account both the extraction yield and the pectin purity, was improved by higher temperature and lower pH values. 26769512 0 44 theme citric 57:62 arg1 acid 64:67 citric acid 57:67 citric acid 57:67 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. 26769512 1 45 from effects 157:163 arg1 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 GA 313:314 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 45 from effects 157:163 arg1 yield 246:250 the yield 242:250 the yield 242:250 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 45 from effects 157:163 arg1 content 304:310 galacturonic acid content 286:310 galacturonic acid content (GA) 286:315 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 1 45 from effects 157:163 arg1 degree 253:258 degree 253:258 degree of methoxylation (DM) 253:280 A central composite design was used to determine effects of pH (2.0-4.5), extraction temperature (70-90 °C) and time (120-240 min) on the yield, degree of methoxylation (DM) and galacturonic acid content (GA) of pectins extracted from banana peels with citric acid. 26769512 0 46 theme response 78:85 arg1 methodology 95:105 response surface methodology 78:105 response surface methodology 78:105 Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. 24117151 8 0 theme 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 1170:1199 arg1 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 8 0 theme 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 1170:1199 arg1 chromatography 1222:1235 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography 1170:1235 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) 1170:1246 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 5 1 theme rotatable 678:686 arg1 design 688:693 central composite rotatable design 660:693 central composite rotatable design (CCD) 660:699 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 5 1 theme rotatable 678:686 arg1 CCD 696:698 CCD 696:698 CCD 696:698 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 1 2 from polysaccharides 204:218 arg1 processes 134:142 Currently processes 124:142 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 124:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 2 from polysaccharides 204:218 arg1 production 155:164 ethanol production 147:164 ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 147:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 3 theme red 184:186 arg1 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 3 theme red 184:186 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides 171:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 171:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 10 4 theme 0.3 g 1531:1535 arg1 De-RSDP 1547:1553 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP 1531:1553 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP 1531:1553 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 5 5 theme central 660:666 arg1 design 688:693 central composite rotatable design 660:693 central composite rotatable design (CCD) 660:699 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 5 5 theme central 660:666 arg1 CCD 696:698 CCD 696:698 CCD 696:698 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 1 6 theme seaweed 188:194 arg1 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 6 theme seaweed 188:194 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides 171:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 171:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 10 7 theme Saccharomyces 1468:1480 arg1 L-4 1493:1495 Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 1468:1495 Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation 1468:1520 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 0 8 theme composition 111:121 arg1 analysis 93:100 analysis 93:100 analysis of their composition 93:121 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 0 8 theme composition 111:121 arg1 optimization 4:15 The optimization 0:15 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 0:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 9 9 from mass 1378:1381 arg1 Da 1408:1409 the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1386:1409 the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1386:1409 The result showed that the content is mainly composed of galactose (65.2%) with the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da. 24117151 8 10 theme high-pressure 1201:1213 arg1 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 8 10 theme high-pressure 1201:1213 arg1 chromatography 1222:1235 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography 1170:1235 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) 1170:1246 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 10 11 theme De-RSDP 1444:1450 arg1 liquids 1433:1439 The saccharification liquids 1412:1439 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation 1412:1520 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 5 12 theme single-factor 623:635 arg1 experiment 637:646 the single-factor experiment 619:646 the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) 619:699 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 10 13 theme theoretical 1591:1601 arg1 yield 1603:1607 the theoretical yield 1587:1607 the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g) 1587:1626 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 10 13 theme theoretical 1591:1601 arg1 ethanol/g 1617:1625 0.38 g ethanol/g 1610:1625 0.38 g ethanol/g 1610:1625 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 6 14 theme RS 896:897 arg1 yield 887:891 the yield 883:891 the yield of RS 883:897 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 10 15 theme ethanol 1501:1507 arg1 fermentation 1509:1520 ethanol fermentation 1501:1520 ethanol fermentation 1501:1520 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 6 16 theme pectinase 828:836 arg1 dosage 838:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 6 16 theme pectinase 828:836 arg1 parameters 792:801 The optimal saccharification parameters 763:801 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP 763:812 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 2 17 theme process 312:318 arg1 optimization 265:276 the optimization 261:276 the optimization of the enzymatic saccharification process 261:318 However, the optimization of the enzymatic saccharification process has not been reported. 24117151 1 18 theme derived 196:202 arg1 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 18 theme derived 196:202 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides 171:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 171:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 4 19 theme saccharification 521:536 arg1 pectinase 563:571 pectinase 563:571 pectinase 563:571 The best saccharification enzyme was determined as pectinase. 24117151 4 19 theme saccharification 521:536 arg1 enzyme 538:543 The best saccharification enzyme 512:543 The best saccharification enzyme 512:543 The best saccharification enzyme was determined as pectinase. 24117151 0 20 link seaweed-derived 57:71 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 2 21 theme saccharification 295:310 arg1 process 312:318 the enzymatic saccharification process 281:318 the enzymatic saccharification process 281:318 However, the optimization of the enzymatic saccharification process has not been reported. 24117151 4 22 theme best 516:519 arg1 pectinase 563:571 pectinase 563:571 pectinase 563:571 The best saccharification enzyme was determined as pectinase. 24117151 4 22 theme best 516:519 arg1 enzyme 538:543 The best saccharification enzyme 512:543 The best saccharification enzyme 512:543 The best saccharification enzyme was determined as pectinase. 24117151 1 23 link derived 196:202 arg1 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 23 link derived 196:202 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides 171:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 171:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 5 24 dep obtain 586:591 arg1 to 583:584 to 583:584 to 583:584 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 5 25 used used 705:708 arg2 experiment 637:646 the single-factor experiment 619:646 the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) 619:699 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 5 26 theme composite 668:676 arg1 design 688:693 central composite rotatable design 660:693 central composite rotatable design (CCD) 660:699 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 5 26 theme composite 668:676 arg1 CCD 696:698 CCD 696:698 CCD 696:698 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 1 27 from processes 134:142 arg1 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 27 from processes 134:142 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides 171:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 171:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 7 28 with saccharides 1048:1058 arg1 weights 1085:1091 different molecular weights 1065:1091 different molecular weights 1065:1091 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 0 29 theme saccharification 20:35 arg1 analysis 93:100 analysis 93:100 analysis of their composition 93:121 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 0 29 theme saccharification 20:35 arg1 optimization 4:15 The optimization 0:15 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 0:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 10 30 theme saccharification 1416:1431 arg1 liquids 1433:1439 The saccharification liquids 1412:1439 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation 1412:1520 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 7 31 theme molecular 1075:1083 arg1 weights 1085:1091 different molecular weights 1065:1091 different molecular weights 1065:1091 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 6 32 theme De-RSDP 806:812 arg1 dosage 838:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 6 32 theme De-RSDP 806:812 arg1 parameters 792:801 The optimal saccharification parameters 763:801 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP 763:812 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 9 33 theme average 1360:1366 arg1 mass 1378:1381 the average molecular mass 1356:1381 the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1356:1409 The result showed that the content is mainly composed of galactose (65.2%) with the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da. 24117151 7 34 theme permeation 1004:1013 arg1 chromatography 1015:1028 gel permeation chromatography 1000:1028 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 1000:1034 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 7 34 theme permeation 1004:1013 arg1 GPC 1031:1033 GPC 1031:1033 GPC 1031:1033 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 7 35 theme De-RSDP 960:966 arg1 liquids 949:955 the saccharification liquids 928:955 the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP 928:966 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 0 36 theme desulfurated 40:51 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 9 37 theme molecular 1368:1376 arg1 mass 1378:1381 the average molecular mass 1356:1381 the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1356:1409 The result showed that the content is mainly composed of galactose (65.2%) with the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da. 24117151 7 38 theme different 1065:1073 arg1 weights 1085:1091 different molecular weights 1065:1091 different molecular weights 1065:1091 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 3 39 from alvarezii 383:391 arg1 De-RSDP 358:364 De-RSDP 358:364 De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii 358:391 In this study, De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii was subjected to saccharification by different enzymes, including pectinase, cellobiase, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 24117151 8 40 theme mass 1252:1255 arg1 MS 1271:1272 MS 1271:1272 MS 1271:1272 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 8 40 theme mass 1252:1255 arg1 spectroscopy 1257:1268 mass spectroscopy 1252:1268 mass spectroscopy (MS) 1252:1273 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 3 41 theme different 430:438 arg1 cellobiase 470:479 cellobiase 470:479 cellobiase 470:479 In this study, De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii was subjected to saccharification by different enzymes, including pectinase, cellobiase, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 24117151 3 41 theme different 430:438 arg1 enzymes 440:446 different enzymes 430:446 different enzymes 430:446 In this study, De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii was subjected to saccharification by different enzymes, including pectinase, cellobiase, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 24117151 3 41 theme different 430:438 arg1 pectinase 459:467 pectinase 459:467 pectinase 459:467 In this study, De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii was subjected to saccharification by different enzymes, including pectinase, cellobiase, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 24117151 3 41 theme different 430:438 arg1 cellulase 482:490 cellulase 482:490 cellulase 482:490 In this study, De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii was subjected to saccharification by different enzymes, including pectinase, cellobiase, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 24117151 3 41 theme different 430:438 arg1 hemicellulase 497:509 hemicellulase 497:509 hemicellulase 497:509 In this study, De-RSDP from Kappaphycus alvarezii was subjected to saccharification by different enzymes, including pectinase, cellobiase, cellulase, and hemicellulase. 24117151 5 42 theme enzymatic 741:749 arg1 hydrolysis 751:760 enzymatic hydrolysis 741:760 enzymatic hydrolysis 741:760 In order to obtain more reducing sugar (RS), the single-factor experiment followed by central composite rotatable design (CCD) was used to optimize the parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis. 24117151 7 43 theme separate 1039:1046 arg1 saccharides 1048:1058 separate saccharides 1039:1058 separate saccharides with different molecular weights 1039:1091 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 0 44 theme polysaccharides 73:87 arg1 saccharification 20:35 saccharification 20:35 saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 20:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 0 45 theme red 53:55 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 10 46 theme ethanol/g 1537:1545 arg1 De-RSDP 1547:1553 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP 1531:1553 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP 1531:1553 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 7 47 theme saccharification 932:947 arg1 liquids 949:955 the saccharification liquids 928:955 the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP 928:966 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 6 48 theme saccharification 775:790 arg1 dosage 838:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 6 48 theme saccharification 775:790 arg1 parameters 792:801 The optimal saccharification parameters 763:801 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP 763:812 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 9 49 theme fourth 1390:1395 arg1 Da 1408:1409 the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1386:1409 the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1386:1409 The result showed that the content is mainly composed of galactose (65.2%) with the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da. 24117151 8 50 theme liquids 1146:1152 arg1 composition 1114:1124 the composition 1110:1124 the composition of saccharification liquids 1110:1152 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 6 51 theme U/g 824:826 arg1 dosage 838:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 6 51 theme U/g 824:826 arg1 parameters 792:801 The optimal saccharification parameters 763:801 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP 763:812 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 2 52 theme enzymatic 285:293 arg1 process 312:318 the enzymatic saccharification process 281:318 the enzymatic saccharification process 281:318 However, the optimization of the enzymatic saccharification process has not been reported. 24117151 6 53 theme optimal 767:773 arg1 dosage 838:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 4400 U/g pectinase dosage 819:843 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 6 53 theme optimal 767:773 arg1 parameters 792:801 The optimal saccharification parameters 763:801 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP 763:812 The optimal saccharification parameters of De-RSDP were 4400 U/g pectinase dosage, 96 hr, and 55.5°C, respectively, and the yield of RS reached 81.3%. 24117151 1 54 theme ethanol 147:153 arg1 production 155:164 ethanol production 147:164 ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 147:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 9 55 theme peak 1397:1400 arg1 Da 1408:1409 the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1386:1409 the fourth peak 181.1 Da 1386:1409 The result showed that the content is mainly composed of galactose (65.2%) with the average molecular mass in the fourth peak 181.1 Da. 24117151 8 56 theme liquid 1215:1220 arg1 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 PMP-HPLC 1238:1245 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 8 56 theme liquid 1215:1220 arg1 chromatography 1222:1235 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography 1170:1235 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) 1170:1246 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 8 57 theme saccharification 1129:1144 arg1 liquids 1146:1152 saccharification liquids 1129:1152 saccharification liquids 1129:1152 Simultaneously, the composition of saccharification liquids was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone high-pressure liquid chromatography (PMP-HPLC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). 24117151 1 58 theme production 155:164 arg1 processes 134:142 Currently processes 124:142 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 124:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 7 59 theme gel 1000:1002 arg1 chromatography 1015:1028 gel permeation chromatography 1000:1028 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 1000:1034 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 7 59 theme gel 1000:1002 arg1 GPC 1031:1033 GPC 1031:1033 GPC 1031:1033 Subsequently, the saccharification liquids of De-RSDP were isolated and purified with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to separate saccharides with different molecular weights. 24117151 10 60 dep Saccharomyces 1468:1480 arg1 cerevisiae 1482:1491 cerevisiae 1482:1491 cerevisiae 1482:1491 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 0 61 theme seaweed-derived 57:71 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides 40:87 The optimization of saccharification of desulfurated red seaweed-derived polysaccharides and analysis of their composition. 24117151 1 62 theme desulfurated 171:182 arg1 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 De-RSDP 221:227 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 1 62 theme desulfurated 171:182 arg1 polysaccharides 204:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides 171:218 desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) 171:228 Currently processes of ethanol production from desulfurated red seaweed derived polysaccharides (De-RSDP) are well established. 24117151 10 63 theme yield 1603:1607 arg1 % 1582:1582 71.8% 1578:1582 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g) 1578:1626 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 10 63 theme yield 1603:1607 arg1 yield 1603:1607 the theoretical yield 1587:1607 the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g) 1587:1626 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 24117151 10 63 theme yield 1603:1607 arg1 ethanol/g 1617:1625 0.38 g ethanol/g 1610:1625 0.38 g ethanol/g 1610:1625 The saccharification liquids of De-RSDP inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-4 for ethanol fermentation produced 0.3 g ethanol/g De-RSDP, which corresponded to 71.8% of the theoretical yield (0.38 g ethanol/g). 25820875 0 0 theme activities 100:109 arg1 characteristics 11:25 Structural characteristics 0:25 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 0:110 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 7 1 dep -α-d-Manp- 957:966 arg1 4 955:955 4 955:955 4 955:955 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 9 2 theme cell 1179:1182 arg1 activities 1198:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities 1157:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities 1157:1276 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 0 3 theme proliferation 86:98 arg1 activities 100:109 their antitumor cell proliferation activities 65:109 their antitumor cell proliferation activities 65:109 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 5 4 theme molecular 665:673 arg1 weights 675:681 molecular weights 665:681 molecular weights 665:681 Their structural characteristics were first identified, including molecular weights and glycosidic linkages. 25820875 4 5 theme pulp 510:513 arg1 polysaccharides 481:495 The polysaccharides 477:495 The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp 477:513 RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. 25820875 3 6 theme study 392:396 arg1 aim 380:382 the aim 376:382 the aim of this study 376:396 Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities. 25820875 11 7 theme health-beneficial 1409:1425 arg1 additives 1432:1440 health-beneficial food additives 1409:1440 health-beneficial food additives in functional foods 1409:1460 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 11 7 theme health-beneficial 1409:1425 arg1 They 1387:1390 They 1387:1390 They 1387:1390 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 7 8 attach attached 1005:1012 arg1 O-4 1017:1019 O-4 1017:1019 O-4 of Manp 1017:1027 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 8 attach attached 1005:1012 arg2 branches 996:1003 branches 996:1003 branches attached to O-4 of Manp 996:1027 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 10 9 theme health 1357:1362 arg1 benefits 1364:1371 the health benefits 1353:1371 the health benefits of pineapple 1353:1384 CONCLUSION The above findings indicated that PAPs 1-3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple. 25820875 6 10 dep PAP 793:795 arg1 Ara 805:807 Ara 805:807 Ara 805:807 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 10 dep PAP 793:795 arg1 Glc 820:822 Glc 820:822 Glc 820:822 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 10 dep PAP 793:795 arg1 Gal 828:830 Gal 828:830 Gal 828:830 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 10 dep PAP 793:795 arg1 Xyl 810:812 Xyl 810:812 Xyl 810:812 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 10 dep PAP 793:795 arg1 Man 815:817 Man 815:817 Man 815:817 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 10 dep PAP 793:795 arg1 Rha 800:802 Rha 800:802 Rha 800:802 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 3 11 from information 315:325 arg1 polysaccharides 336:350 these polysaccharides 330:350 these polysaccharides 330:350 Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities. 25820875 7 12 dep backbone 941:948 arg1 → 989:989 1 → 987:989 a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 939:989 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 13 theme Nuclear 873:879 arg1 NMR 901:903 NMR 901:903 NMR 901:903 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 13 theme Nuclear 873:879 arg1 resonance 890:898 Nuclear magnetic resonance 873:898 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 873:912 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 8 14 theme -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 arg1 data 1038:1041 The NMR data 1030:1041 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 1030:1118 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. 25820875 8 15 theme NMR 1034:1036 arg1 data 1038:1041 The NMR data 1030:1041 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 1030:1118 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. 25820875 7 16 contain had 935:937 arg1 PAP 929:931 PAP 2 929:933 PAP 2 929:933 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 16 contain had 935:937 arg2 backbone 941:948 a backbone 939:948 a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 939:989 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 5 17 theme glycosidic 687:696 arg1 linkages 698:705 glycosidic linkages 687:705 glycosidic linkages 687:705 Their structural characteristics were first identified, including molecular weights and glycosidic linkages. 25820875 9 18 theme proliferation 1184:1196 arg1 activities 1198:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities 1157:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities 1157:1276 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 9 19 theme significant 1157:1167 arg1 activities 1198:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities 1157:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities 1157:1276 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characteristics 11:25 Structural characteristics 0:25 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 0:110 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 10 21 dep CONCLUSION 1279:1288 arg1 indicated 1309:1317 indicated 1309:1317 indicated that PAPs 1-3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple 1309:1384 CONCLUSION The above findings indicated that PAPs 1-3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple. 25820875 7 22 theme Manp 1024:1027 arg1 O-4 1017:1019 O-4 1017:1019 O-4 of Manp 1017:1027 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 11 23 theme functional 1445:1454 arg1 foods 1456:1460 functional foods 1445:1460 functional foods 1445:1460 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 10 24 theme pineapple 1376:1384 arg1 benefits 1364:1371 the health benefits 1353:1371 the health benefits of pineapple 1353:1384 CONCLUSION The above findings indicated that PAPs 1-3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple. 25820875 9 25 theme breast 1217:1222 arg1 line 1239:1242 breast carcinoma cell line 1217:1242 breast carcinoma cell line 1217:1242 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 3 26 theme structural 423:432 arg1 characteristics 434:448 their structural characteristics 417:448 their structural characteristics 417:448 Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities. 25820875 6 27 dep Man 774:776 arg1 Xyl 769:771 Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal 764:789 Xyl 769:771 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 27 dep Man 774:776 arg1 Gal 787:789 Gal 787:789 Gal 787:789 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 27 dep Man 774:776 arg1 Glc 779:781 Glc 779:781 Glc 779:781 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 1 28 theme BACKGROUND 112:121 arg1 Pineapple 123:131 BACKGROUND Pineapple 112:131 BACKGROUND Pineapple 112:131 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 6 29 theme Ara 764:766 arg1 PAP 757:759 PAP 1 757:761 PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) 757:790 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 29 theme Ara 764:766 arg1 Man 774:776 Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal 764:789 Man 774:776 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 8 30 theme -α-l-Araf- 1063:1072 arg1 -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 1046:1118 -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. 25820875 0 31 theme pineapple 30:38 arg1 polysaccharides 45:59 pineapple pulp polysaccharides 30:59 pineapple pulp polysaccharides 30:59 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 7 32 theme -α-d-Manp- 957:966 arg1 backbone 941:948 a backbone 939:948 a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 939:989 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 33 theme magnetic 881:888 arg1 NMR 901:903 NMR 901:903 NMR 901:903 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 33 theme magnetic 881:888 arg1 resonance 890:898 Nuclear magnetic resonance 873:898 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 873:912 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 7 34 theme resonance 890:898 arg1 spectra 906:912 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 873:912 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 873:912 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 9 35 theme cell 1234:1237 arg1 line 1239:1242 breast carcinoma cell line 1217:1242 breast carcinoma cell line 1217:1242 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 2 36 theme important 211:219 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 Bioactive polysaccharides 181:205 Bioactive polysaccharides 181:205 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 2 36 theme important 211:219 arg1 components 221:230 important components 211:230 important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits 211:288 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 0 37 theme polysaccharides 45:59 arg1 characteristics 11:25 Structural characteristics 0:25 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 0:110 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 8 38 theme -β-d-Galp- 1081:1090 arg1 -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 1046:1118 -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. 25820875 3 39 theme little 297:302 arg1 information 315:325 little structural information 297:325 little structural information on these polysaccharides 297:350 Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities. 25820875 4 40 theme pineapple 500:508 arg1 pulp 510:513 pineapple pulp 500:513 pineapple pulp 500:513 RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. 25820875 9 41 theme carcinoma 1224:1232 arg1 line 1239:1242 breast carcinoma cell line 1217:1242 breast carcinoma cell line 1217:1242 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 11 42 used used 1401:1404 arg2 additives 1432:1440 health-beneficial food additives 1409:1440 health-beneficial food additives in functional foods 1409:1460 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 11 42 used used 1401:1404 arg2 They 1387:1390 They 1387:1390 They 1387:1390 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 0 43 theme pulp 40:43 arg1 polysaccharides 45:59 pineapple pulp polysaccharides 30:59 pineapple pulp polysaccharides 30:59 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 1 44 contain has 133:135 arg2 benefits 171:178 good health benefits 159:178 good health benefits 159:178 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 1 44 contain has 133:135 arg1 Pineapple 123:131 BACKGROUND Pineapple 112:131 BACKGROUND Pineapple 112:131 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 1 44 contain has 133:135 arg2 taste 149:153 a delicious taste 137:153 a delicious taste 137:153 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 3 45 theme structural 304:313 arg1 information 315:325 little structural information 297:325 little structural information on these polysaccharides 297:350 Since little structural information on these polysaccharides is currently available, the aim of this study was to investigate their structural characteristics and bioactivities. 25820875 9 46 theme strong 1248:1253 arg1 activities 1267:1276 strong antioxidant activities 1248:1276 strong antioxidant activities 1248:1276 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 6 47 dep PAP 837:839 arg1 Man 859:861 Man 859:861 Man 859:861 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 47 dep PAP 837:839 arg1 Xyl 854:856 Xyl 854:856 Xyl 854:856 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 47 dep PAP 837:839 arg1 Ara 849:851 Ara 849:851 Ara 849:851 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 47 dep PAP 837:839 arg1 Gal 867:869 Gal 867:869 Gal 867:869 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 47 dep PAP 837:839 arg1 Rha 844:846 Rha 844:846 Rha 844:846 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 4 48 theme anion 568:572 arg1 chromatography 583:596 anion exchange chromatography 568:596 anion exchange chromatography 568:596 RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. 25820875 8 49 theme α-l-Araf- 1046:1054 arg1 -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 1046:1118 -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. 25820875 2 50 theme Bioactive 181:189 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 Bioactive polysaccharides 181:205 Bioactive polysaccharides 181:205 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 2 50 theme Bioactive 181:189 arg1 components 221:230 important components 211:230 important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits 211:288 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 4 51 theme exchange 574:581 arg1 chromatography 583:596 anion exchange chromatography 568:596 anion exchange chromatography 568:596 RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. 25820875 5 52 theme structural 605:614 arg1 characteristics 616:630 Their structural characteristics 599:630 Their structural characteristics 599:630 Their structural characteristics were first identified, including molecular weights and glycosidic linkages. 25820875 9 53 theme antioxidant 1255:1265 arg1 activities 1267:1276 strong antioxidant activities 1248:1276 strong antioxidant activities 1248:1276 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 11 54 from additives 1432:1440 arg1 foods 1456:1460 functional foods 1445:1460 functional foods 1445:1460 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 7 55 theme → 953:953 arg1 -α-d-Manp- 957:966 → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp- 953:985 → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp- 953:985 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra suggested that PAP 2 had a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → 2,4)-α-d-Manp-(1 → with branches attached to O-4 of Manp. 25820875 1 56 theme delicious 139:147 arg1 taste 149:153 a delicious taste 137:153 a delicious taste 137:153 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 4 57 dep PAPs 555:558 arg1 1-3 560:562 1-3 560:562 1-3 560:562 RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. 25820875 10 58 theme above 1294:1298 arg1 findings 1300:1307 The above findings 1290:1307 The above findings 1290:1307 CONCLUSION The above findings indicated that PAPs 1-3 contributed much to the health benefits of pineapple. 25820875 2 59 theme pineapple 235:243 arg1 polysaccharides 191:205 Bioactive polysaccharides 181:205 Bioactive polysaccharides 181:205 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 2 59 theme pineapple 235:243 arg1 components 221:230 important components 211:230 important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits 211:288 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 9 60 theme antitumor 1169:1177 arg1 activities 1198:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities 1157:1207 significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities 1157:1276 PAPs 1 and 2 showed significant antitumor cell proliferation activities against breast carcinoma cell line and strong antioxidant activities. 25820875 0 61 theme cell 81:84 arg1 activities 100:109 their antitumor cell proliferation activities 65:109 their antitumor cell proliferation activities 65:109 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 8 62 dep -α-d-GalpAMe- 1104:1116 arg1 4 1102:1102 4 1102:1102 4 1102:1102 The NMR data of α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1 → and → 4)-α-d-GalpAMe-(1 → were assigned. 25820875 1 63 theme good 159:162 arg1 benefits 171:178 good health benefits 159:178 good health benefits 159:178 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 0 64 theme antitumor 71:79 arg1 activities 100:109 their antitumor cell proliferation activities 65:109 their antitumor cell proliferation activities 65:109 Structural characteristics of pineapple pulp polysaccharides and their antitumor cell proliferation activities. 25820875 11 65 theme food 1427:1430 arg1 additives 1432:1440 health-beneficial food additives 1409:1440 health-beneficial food additives in functional foods 1409:1460 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 11 65 theme food 1427:1430 arg1 They 1387:1390 They 1387:1390 They 1387:1390 They could be used as health-beneficial food additives in functional foods. 25820875 2 66 theme health 274:279 arg1 benefits 281:288 its health benefits 270:288 its health benefits 270:288 Bioactive polysaccharides are important components of pineapple that might contribute to its health benefits. 25820875 1 67 theme health 164:169 arg1 benefits 171:178 good health benefits 159:178 good health benefits 159:178 BACKGROUND Pineapple has a delicious taste and good health benefits. 25820875 6 68 theme monosaccharide 712:725 arg1 PAP 837:839 PAP 3 837:841 PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal) 837:870 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 68 theme monosaccharide 712:725 arg1 PAP 757:759 PAP 1 757:761 PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) 757:790 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 68 theme monosaccharide 712:725 arg1 PAP 793:795 PAP 2 793:797 PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) 793:831 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 6 68 theme monosaccharide 712:725 arg1 compositions 727:738 The monosaccharide compositions 708:738 The monosaccharide compositions 708:738 The monosaccharide compositions were revealed as PAP 1 (Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal), PAP 2 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Glc and Gal) and PAP 3 (Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man and Gal). 25820875 4 69 dep RESULTS 469:475 arg1 fractionated 520:531 fractionated 520:531 were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography 515:596 RESULTS The polysaccharides of pineapple pulp were fractionated into three fractions (PAPs 1-3) by anion exchange chromatography. 25498658 8 0 theme radical 899:905 arg1 activity 918:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 2 1 theme mycelial 210:217 arg1 culture 226:232 a mycelial liquid culture 208:232 a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp 208:253 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 9 2 theme monosaccharide 1035:1048 arg1 composition 1050:1060 monosaccharide composition 1035:1060 monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905) 1035:1098 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 8 3 theme better 892:897 arg1 activity 918:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 4 theme radical 730:736 arg1 activity 749:756 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 721:756 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 721:756 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 9 5 theme antioxidant 975:985 arg1 effect 987:992 the antioxidant effect 971:992 the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides 971:1015 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 2 6 theme Extracellular 117:129 arg1 EPS 147:149 EPS 147:149 EPS 147:149 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 2 6 theme Extracellular 117:129 arg1 polysaccharide 131:144 Extracellular polysaccharide 117:144 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) 117:150 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 8 7 theme hydroxyl 721:728 arg1 activity 749:756 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 721:756 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 721:756 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 8 theme scavenging 907:916 arg1 activity 918:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 7 9 located detected 658:665 arg2 Galactose 640:648 Galactose 640:648 Galactose 640:648 Galactose was not detected in EPS-3 and IPS-3. 25498658 7 9 located detected 658:665 arg1 IPS-3 680:684 IPS-3 680:684 IPS-3 680:684 Galactose was not detected in EPS-3 and IPS-3. 25498658 7 9 located detected 658:665 arg1 EPS-3 670:674 EPS-3 670:674 EPS-3 670:674 Galactose was not detected in EPS-3 and IPS-3. 25498658 8 10 theme activity 749:756 arg1 values 711:716 the 1/IC50 values 700:716 the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 700:756 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 9 11 theme polysaccharides 1001:1015 arg1 effect 987:992 the antioxidant effect 971:992 the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides 971:1015 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 2 12 theme intracellular 156:168 arg1 IPS 186:188 IPS 186:188 IPS 186:188 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 2 12 theme intracellular 156:168 arg1 polysaccharide 170:183 intracellular polysaccharide 156:183 intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) 156:189 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 9 13 dep mannose 1063:1069 arg1 glucose 1081:1087 glucose 1081:1087 glucose 1081:1087 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 9 14 theme Significant 928:938 arg1 correlations 940:951 Significant correlations 928:951 Significant correlations 928:951 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 8 15 theme scavenging 738:747 arg1 activity 749:756 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 721:756 hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 721:756 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 3 16 theme liquid 256:261 arg1 fermentation 263:274 liquid fermentation 256:274 liquid fermentation. 256:275 liquid fermentation. 25498658 4 17 theme % 350:350 arg1 ethanol 352:358 65% ethanol 348:358 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) 348:373 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 8 18 contain have 887:890 arg2 activity 918:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 better radical scavenging activity 892:925 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 18 contain have 887:890 arg1 polysaccharides 763:777 the polysaccharides 759:777 the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa 759:871 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 4 19 theme 50 320:321 arg1 % 322:322 % 322:322 % 322:322 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 20 theme 65 348:349 arg1 % 350:350 % 350:350 % 350:350 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 5 21 theme lower 452:456 arg1 percentages 466:476 lower ethanol percentages 452:476 lower ethanol percentages 452:476 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 0 22 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides produced by Hirsutella sp. 25498658 8 23 with polysaccharides 763:777 arg1 content 828:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 23 with polysaccharides 763:777 arg1 content 799:805 higher protein content 784:805 higher protein content 784:805 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 23 with polysaccharides 763:777 arg1 weight 850:855 molecular weight 840:855 molecular weight 840:855 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 5 24 theme larger 518:523 arg1 weight 535:540 a larger molecular weight 516:540 a larger molecular weight 516:540 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 1 25 theme chemical 91:98 arg1 characteristics 100:114 their chemical characteristics 85:114 their chemical characteristics 85:114 and relation with their chemical characteristics. 25498658 0 26 theme polysaccharides 24:38 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides 0:38 Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides produced by Hirsutella sp. 25498658 5 27 theme molecular 525:533 arg1 weight 535:540 a larger molecular weight 516:540 a larger molecular weight 516:540 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 8 28 theme sugar 822:826 arg1 content 828:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 29 theme neutral 814:820 arg1 content 828:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 30 theme higher 784:789 arg1 content 799:805 higher protein content 784:805 higher protein content 784:805 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 8 31 theme protein 791:797 arg1 content 799:805 higher protein content 784:805 higher protein content 784:805 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 1 32 with relation 71:78 arg1 characteristics 100:114 their chemical characteristics 85:114 their chemical characteristics 85:114 and relation with their chemical characteristics. 25498658 9 33 dep composition 1050:1060 arg1 mannose 1063:1069 mannose 1063:1069 mannose 1063:1069 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 9 33 dep composition 1050:1060 arg1 r=-0.905 1090:1097 r=-0.905 1090:1097 r=-0.905 1090:1097 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 9 33 dep composition 1050:1060 arg1 r=0.942 1072:1078 r=0.942 1072:1078 r=0.942 1072:1078 Significant correlations demonstrated that the antioxidant effect of the polysaccharides was influenced by monosaccharide composition (mannose, r=0.942; glucose, r=-0.905). 25498658 4 34 with precipitated 302:313 arg1 ethanol 352:358 65% ethanol 348:358 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) 348:373 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 34 with precipitated 302:313 arg1 ethanol 383:389 80% ethanol 379:389 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3) 379:404 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 34 with precipitated 302:313 arg1 ethanol 324:330 50% ethanol 320:330 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1) 320:345 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 5 35 theme polysaccharide 411:424 arg1 fragments 426:434 The polysaccharide fragments 407:434 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages 407:476 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 5 36 theme lower 484:488 arg1 content 504:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 5 37 theme neutral 490:496 arg1 content 504:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 0 38 theme Hirsutella 52:61 arg1 sp 63:64 Hirsutella sp 52:64 Hirsutella sp 52:64 Antioxidant activity of polysaccharides produced by Hirsutella sp. 25498658 4 39 theme 80 379:380 arg1 % 381:381 % 381:381 % 381:381 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 2 40 theme liquid 219:224 arg1 culture 226:232 a mycelial liquid culture 208:232 a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp 208:253 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 5 41 theme sugar 498:502 arg1 content 504:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 8 42 theme lower 808:812 arg1 content 828:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 lower neutral sugar content 808:834 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 4 43 dep ethanol 352:358 arg1 IPS-2 368:372 IPS-2 368:372 IPS-2 368:372 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 43 dep ethanol 352:358 arg1 EPS-2 361:365 EPS-2 361:365 EPS-2 361:365 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 44 dep ethanol 383:389 arg1 EPS-3 392:396 EPS-3 392:396 EPS-3 392:396 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 44 dep ethanol 383:389 arg1 IPS-3 399:403 IPS-3 399:403 IPS-3 399:403 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 5 45 theme ethanol 458:464 arg1 percentages 466:476 lower ethanol percentages 452:476 lower ethanol percentages 452:476 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 8 46 theme 1/IC50 704:709 arg1 values 711:716 the 1/IC50 values 700:716 the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 700:756 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 4 47 dep ethanol 324:330 arg1 IPS-1 340:344 IPS-1 340:344 IPS-1 340:344 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 47 dep ethanol 324:330 arg1 EPS-1 333:337 EPS-1 333:337 EPS-1 333:337 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 4 48 theme % 381:381 arg1 ethanol 383:389 80% ethanol 379:389 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3) 379:404 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 2 49 theme sp 252:253 arg1 culture 226:232 a mycelial liquid culture 208:232 a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp 208:253 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 4 50 theme % 322:322 arg1 ethanol 324:330 50% ethanol 320:330 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1) 320:345 The polysaccharides were precipitated with 50% ethanol (EPS-1, IPS-1), 65% ethanol (EPS-2, IPS-2) and 80% ethanol (EPS-3, IPS-3). 25498658 2 51 theme Hirsutella 241:250 arg1 sp 252:253 the Hirsutella sp 237:253 the Hirsutella sp 237:253 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) were produced in a mycelial liquid culture of the Hirsutella sp. 25498658 8 52 theme molecular 840:848 arg1 weight 850:855 molecular weight 840:855 molecular weight 840:855 Evaluated by the 1/IC50 values of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the polysaccharides with higher protein content, lower neutral sugar content and molecular weight about 10-20 kDa were found to have better radical scavenging activity. 25498658 5 53 contain had 478:480 arg2 content 504:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 a lower neutral sugar content 482:510 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 5 53 contain had 478:480 arg2 weight 535:540 a larger molecular weight 516:540 a larger molecular weight 516:540 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25498658 5 53 contain had 478:480 arg1 fragments 426:434 The polysaccharide fragments 407:434 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages 407:476 The polysaccharide fragments precipitated in lower ethanol percentages had a lower neutral sugar content and a larger molecular weight. 25746474 4 0 theme solid 507:511 arg1 remainder 513:521 The obtained solid remainder 494:521 The obtained solid remainder 494:521 The obtained solid remainder was analyzed by FTIR and SEM. 25746474 3 1 dep species 375:381 arg1 species 375:381 The species composition and purity 371:404 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract 371:429 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 1 dep species 375:381 arg1 purity 399:404 purity 399:404 purity 399:404 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 1 dep species 375:381 arg1 composition 383:393 composition 383:393 composition 383:393 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 6 2 theme solid 708:712 arg1 composition 724:734 solid remainder composition 708:734 solid remainder composition 708:734 FTIR and SEM were shown to be able to evaluate solid remainder composition and surface characterization of the bagasse. 25746474 5 3 theme xylose 594:599 arg1 component 581:589 the component 577:589 the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract 577:624 The results showed that the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract was similar with commercial xylan. 25746474 5 3 theme xylose 594:599 arg1 similar 630:636 similar 630:636 similar 630:636 The results showed that the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract was similar with commercial xylan. 25746474 2 4 theme extraction 351:360 arg1 process 362:368 the extraction process 347:368 the extraction process 347:368 The response surface model was established to optimize the extraction process. 25746474 1 5 theme sodium 263:268 arg1 3.9mol/L 281:288 3.9mol/L 281:288 3.9mol/L 281:288 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 1 5 theme sodium 263:268 arg1 hydroxide 270:278 sodium hydroxide 263:278 sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L) 263:289 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 1 6 theme hemicellulose 163:175 arg1 weight 153:158 high molecular weight 138:158 high molecular weight of hemicellulose 138:175 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 5 7 theme hemicellulose 604:616 arg1 extract 618:624 hemicellulose extract 604:624 hemicellulose extract 604:624 The results showed that the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract was similar with commercial xylan. 25746474 5 8 with similar 630:636 arg1 xylan 654:658 commercial xylan 643:658 commercial xylan 643:658 The results showed that the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract was similar with commercial xylan. 25746474 5 9 from component 581:589 arg1 extract 618:624 hemicellulose extract 604:624 hemicellulose extract 604:624 The results showed that the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract was similar with commercial xylan. 25746474 3 10 theme High 447:450 arg1 Chromatography 471:484 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 447:484 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 447:491 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 10 theme High 447:450 arg1 HPLC 487:490 HPLC 487:490 HPLC 487:490 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 4 11 theme obtained 498:505 arg1 remainder 513:521 The obtained solid remainder 494:521 The obtained solid remainder 494:521 The obtained solid remainder was analyzed by FTIR and SEM. 25746474 3 12 theme Performance 452:462 arg1 Chromatography 471:484 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 447:484 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 447:491 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 12 theme Performance 452:462 arg1 HPLC 487:490 HPLC 487:490 HPLC 487:490 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 0 13 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 extraction 10:19 Efficient extraction 0:19 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses 0:45 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 7 14 theme solid 809:813 arg1 remainder 815:823 solid remainder 809:823 solid remainder 809:823 The biggest balance between solid remainder and dissolved solid was obtained. 25746474 5 15 theme commercial 643:652 arg1 xylan 654:658 commercial xylan 643:658 commercial xylan 643:658 The results showed that the component of xylose in hemicellulose extract was similar with commercial xylan. 25746474 8 16 dep yield 872:876 arg1 only 863:866 only 863:866 only 863:866 Not only the yield of dissolved solid was improved, but the structure of solid remainder was also proved, which was beneficial to pulping and papermaking. 25746474 0 17 theme bagasse 24:30 arg1 hemicelluloses 32:45 bagasse hemicelluloses 24:45 bagasse hemicelluloses 24:45 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 6 18 theme bagasse 772:778 arg1 composition 724:734 solid remainder composition 708:734 solid remainder composition 708:734 FTIR and SEM were shown to be able to evaluate solid remainder composition and surface characterization of the bagasse. 25746474 6 18 theme bagasse 772:778 arg1 characterization 748:763 surface characterization 740:763 surface characterization 740:763 FTIR and SEM were shown to be able to evaluate solid remainder composition and surface characterization of the bagasse. 25746474 2 19 theme surface 305:311 arg1 model 313:317 The response surface model 292:317 The response surface model 292:317 The response surface model was established to optimize the extraction process. 25746474 8 20 theme solid 891:895 arg1 yield 872:876 the yield 868:876 Not only the yield of dissolved solid 859:895 Not only the yield of dissolved solid was improved, but the structure of solid remainder was also proved, which was beneficial to pulping and papermaking. 25746474 1 21 theme pH 196:197 arg1 pretreatment 223:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 2 22 theme response 296:303 arg1 model 313:317 The response surface model 292:317 The response surface model 292:317 The response surface model was established to optimize the extraction process. 25746474 1 23 theme pre-corrected 199:211 arg1 pretreatment 223:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 3 24 theme extract 423:429 arg1 species 375:381 The species composition and purity 371:404 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract 371:429 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 24 theme extract 423:429 arg1 purity 399:404 purity 399:404 purity 399:404 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 24 theme extract 423:429 arg1 composition 383:393 composition 383:393 composition 383:393 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 25 theme Liquid 464:469 arg1 Chromatography 471:484 High Performance Liquid Chromatography 447:484 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) 447:491 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 3 25 theme Liquid 464:469 arg1 HPLC 487:490 HPLC 487:490 HPLC 487:490 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 1 26 theme hot 213:215 arg1 pretreatment 223:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 0 27 theme hemicelluloses 32:45 arg1 characterization 51:66 characterization 51:66 characterization of solid remainder 51:85 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 0 27 theme hemicelluloses 32:45 arg1 extraction 10:19 Efficient extraction 0:19 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses 0:45 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 1 28 theme water 217:221 arg1 pretreatment 223:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment 196:234 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 7 29 theme biggest 785:791 arg1 balance 793:799 The biggest balance 781:799 The biggest balance between solid remainder and dissolved solid 781:843 The biggest balance between solid remainder and dissolved solid was obtained. 25746474 1 30 theme cellulose 117:125 arg1 degradation 102:112 the degradation 98:112 the degradation of cellulose 98:125 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 3 31 theme hemicellulose 409:421 arg1 extract 423:429 hemicellulose extract 409:429 hemicellulose extract 409:429 The species composition and purity of hemicellulose extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). 25746474 6 32 theme surface 740:746 arg1 characterization 748:763 surface characterization 740:763 surface characterization 740:763 FTIR and SEM were shown to be able to evaluate solid remainder composition and surface characterization of the bagasse. 25746474 8 33 theme remainder 938:946 arg1 structure 919:927 the structure 915:927 the structure of solid remainder 915:946 Not only the yield of dissolved solid was improved, but the structure of solid remainder was also proved, which was beneficial to pulping and papermaking. 25746474 1 34 theme high 138:141 arg1 weight 153:158 high molecular weight 138:158 high molecular weight of hemicellulose 138:175 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 0 35 theme remainder 77:85 arg1 characterization 51:66 characterization 51:66 characterization of solid remainder 51:85 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 0 35 theme remainder 77:85 arg1 extraction 10:19 Efficient extraction 0:19 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses 0:45 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 8 36 theme solid 932:936 arg1 remainder 938:946 solid remainder 932:946 solid remainder 932:946 Not only the yield of dissolved solid was improved, but the structure of solid remainder was also proved, which was beneficial to pulping and papermaking. 25746474 1 37 theme molecular 143:151 arg1 weight 153:158 high molecular weight 138:158 high molecular weight of hemicellulose 138:175 To reduce the degradation of cellulose and obtain high molecular weight of hemicellulose from the extracts, pH pre-corrected hot water pretreatment was developed by employing sodium hydroxide (3.9mol/L). 25746474 0 38 theme solid 71:75 arg1 remainder 77:85 solid remainder 71:85 solid remainder 71:85 Efficient extraction of bagasse hemicelluloses and characterization of solid remainder. 25746474 6 39 theme remainder 714:722 arg1 composition 724:734 solid remainder composition 708:734 solid remainder composition 708:734 FTIR and SEM were shown to be able to evaluate solid remainder composition and surface characterization of the bagasse. 26117238 8 0 theme animal 1065:1070 arg1 feed 1072:1075 animal feed 1065:1075 animal feed 1065:1075 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 3 1 theme carbohydrate 415:426 arg1 soluble 449:455 soluble 449:455 soluble 449:455 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 4 2 theme insoluble 483:491 arg1 residues 493:500 Ethanol insoluble residues 475:500 Ethanol insoluble residues 475:500 Ethanol insoluble residues consisted mainly of polyphenols, pectic polysaccharides, heteroxylans and cellulose. 26117238 0 3 theme Chemical 56:63 arg1 composition 65:75 Chemical composition 56:75 Chemical composition 56:75 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 3 theme Chemical 56:63 arg1 marc 6:9 Grape marc 0:9 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 0:112 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 7 4 theme marc 909:912 arg1 fermentation 887:898 fermentation 887:898 fermentation of grape marc 887:912 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 8 5 theme soluble 963:969 arg1 carbohydrates 971:983 only soluble carbohydrates 958:983 only soluble carbohydrates 958:983 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 4 6 theme Ethanol 475:481 arg1 residues 493:500 Ethanol insoluble residues 475:500 Ethanol insoluble residues 475:500 Ethanol insoluble residues consisted mainly of polyphenols, pectic polysaccharides, heteroxylans and cellulose. 26117238 2 7 theme white 258:262 arg1 Blanc 251:255 Blanc 251:255 Blanc 251:255 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 2 7 theme white 258:262 arg1 marc 264:267 white marc 258:267 white marc 258:267 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 3 8 from soluble 449:455 arg1 media 468:472 aqueous media 460:472 aqueous media 460:472 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 5 9 theme subsequent 658:667 arg1 saccharification 679:694 subsequent cellulose saccharification 658:694 subsequent cellulose saccharification 658:694 Acid and thermal pre-treatments were investigated for their effects on subsequent cellulose saccharification. 26117238 8 10 used used 1057:1060 arg2 fertilizer 1083:1092 fertilizer 1083:1092 fertilizer 1083:1092 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 8 10 used used 1057:1060 arg2 fraction 1036:1043 a polyphenol enriched fraction 1014:1043 a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer 1014:1092 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 6 11 theme % 744:744 arg1 increase 746:753 a 10% increase 740:753 a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification 740:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 7 12 dep 400 924:926 arg1 to 921:922 to 921:922 to 921:922 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 5 13 theme cellulose 669:677 arg1 saccharification 679:694 subsequent cellulose saccharification 658:694 subsequent cellulose saccharification 658:694 Acid and thermal pre-treatments were investigated for their effects on subsequent cellulose saccharification. 26117238 6 14 theme 10 742:743 arg1 % 744:744 % 744:744 % 744:744 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 2 15 theme Blanc 251:255 arg1 compositions 191:202 The compositions 187:202 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) 187:268 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 2 16 theme biofuel 330:336 arg1 production 338:347 biofuel production 330:347 biofuel production 330:347 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 8 17 theme enriched 1027:1034 arg1 fraction 1036:1043 a polyphenol enriched fraction 1014:1043 a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer 1014:1092 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 8 17 theme enriched 1027:1034 arg1 fertilizer 1083:1092 fertilizer 1083:1092 fertilizer 1083:1092 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 3 18 theme weight 359:364 arg1 basis 366:370 a dry weight basis 353:370 a dry weight basis 353:370 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 0 19 theme Grape 0:4 arg1 pre-treatment 78:90 pre-treatment 78:90 pre-treatment 78:90 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 19 theme Grape 0:4 arg1 composition 65:75 Chemical composition 56:75 Chemical composition 56:75 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 19 theme Grape 0:4 arg1 marc 6:9 Grape marc 0:9 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 0:112 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 19 theme Grape 0:4 arg1 saccharification 96:111 saccharification 96:111 saccharification 96:111 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 8 20 from carbohydrates 971:983 arg1 bioethanol 942:951 bioethanol 942:951 bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates 942:983 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 1 21 theme wasted 171:176 arg1 biomass 178:184 wasted biomass 171:184 wasted biomass 171:184 Global grape production could generate up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass. 26117238 6 22 theme acid 713:716 arg1 pre-treatment 718:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment 697:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment 697:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 1 23 theme biomass 178:184 arg1 Mt/yr 162:166 up to 13 Mt/yr 153:166 up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass 153:184 Global grape production could generate up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass. 26117238 3 24 theme aqueous 460:466 arg1 media 468:472 aqueous media 460:472 aqueous media 460:472 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 7 25 theme grape 903:907 arg1 marc 909:912 grape marc 903:912 grape marc 903:912 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 4 26 theme pectic 535:540 arg1 polysaccharides 542:556 pectic polysaccharides 535:556 pectic polysaccharides 535:556 Ethanol insoluble residues consisted mainly of polyphenols, pectic polysaccharides, heteroxylans and cellulose. 26117238 8 27 theme polyphenol 1016:1025 arg1 fraction 1036:1043 a polyphenol enriched fraction 1014:1043 a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer 1014:1092 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 8 27 theme polyphenol 1016:1025 arg1 fertilizer 1083:1092 fertilizer 1083:1092 fertilizer 1083:1092 However, bioethanol from only soluble carbohydrates could yield 270 L/t, leaving a polyphenol enriched fraction that may be used in animal feed or as fertilizer. 26117238 6 28 theme enzymatic 796:804 arg1 saccharification 806:821 enzymatic saccharification 796:821 enzymatic saccharification 796:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 6 29 from increase 746:753 arg1 amount 762:767 the amount 758:767 the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification 758:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 6 29 from increase 746:753 arg1 glucose 782:788 liberated glucose 772:788 liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification 772:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 3 30 theme dry 355:357 arg1 basis 366:370 a dry weight basis 353:370 a dry weight basis 353:370 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 5 31 from effects 647:653 arg1 saccharification 679:694 subsequent cellulose saccharification 658:694 subsequent cellulose saccharification 658:694 Acid and thermal pre-treatments were investigated for their effects on subsequent cellulose saccharification. 26117238 2 32 theme Sauvignon 216:224 arg1 compositions 191:202 The compositions 187:202 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) 187:268 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 6 33 theme sulfuric 704:711 arg1 pre-treatment 718:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment 697:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment 697:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 3 34 theme w/w 380:382 arg1 marc 397:400 the grape marc 387:400 the grape marc 387:400 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 3 34 theme w/w 380:382 arg1 % 378:378 31-54% w/w 373:382 31-54% w/w of the grape marc 373:400 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 6 35 theme glucose 782:788 arg1 amount 762:767 the amount 758:767 the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification 758:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 6 35 theme glucose 782:788 arg1 glucose 782:788 liberated glucose 772:788 liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification 772:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 1 36 dep 13 159:160 arg1 to 156:157 to 156:157 to 156:157 Global grape production could generate up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass. 26117238 6 37 theme 0.5M 699:702 arg1 pre-treatment 718:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment 697:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment 697:730 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 0 38 theme carbohydrates 26:38 arg1 source 16:21 a source 14:21 a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol 14:53 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 5 39 theme thermal 596:602 arg1 pre-treatments 604:617 thermal pre-treatments 596:617 thermal pre-treatments 596:617 Acid and thermal pre-treatments were investigated for their effects on subsequent cellulose saccharification. 26117238 6 40 theme liberated 772:780 arg1 glucose 782:788 liberated glucose 772:788 liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification 772:821 A 0.5M sulfuric acid pre-treatment yielded a 10% increase in the amount of liberated glucose after enzymatic saccharification. 26117238 1 41 theme Global 114:119 arg1 production 127:136 Global grape production 114:136 Global grape production 114:136 Global grape production could generate up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass. 26117238 1 42 theme grape 121:125 arg1 production 127:136 Global grape production 114:136 Global grape production 114:136 Global grape production could generate up to 13 Mt/yr of wasted biomass. 26117238 3 43 theme marc 397:400 arg1 marc 397:400 the grape marc 387:400 the grape marc 387:400 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 3 43 theme marc 397:400 arg1 % 378:378 31-54% w/w 373:382 31-54% w/w of the grape marc 373:400 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 3 44 from media 468:472 arg1 soluble 449:455 soluble 449:455 soluble 449:455 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 3 45 theme grape 391:395 arg1 marc 397:400 the grape marc 387:400 the grape marc 387:400 On a dry weight basis, 31-54% w/w of the grape marc consisted of carbohydrate, of which 47-80% was soluble in aqueous media. 26117238 0 46 dep marc 6:9 arg1 pre-treatment 78:90 pre-treatment 78:90 pre-treatment 78:90 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 46 dep marc 6:9 arg1 composition 65:75 Chemical composition 56:75 Chemical composition 56:75 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 46 dep marc 6:9 arg1 marc 6:9 Grape marc 0:9 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 0:112 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 0 46 dep marc 6:9 arg1 saccharification 96:111 saccharification 96:111 saccharification 96:111 Grape marc as a source of carbohydrates for bioethanol: Chemical composition, pre-treatment and saccharification. 26117238 2 47 theme raw 313:315 arg1 material 317:324 raw material 313:324 raw material for biofuel production 313:347 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 7 48 theme bioethanol 850:859 arg1 bioethanol 850:859 bioethanol 850:859 bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc 850:912 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 7 48 theme bioethanol 850:859 arg1 amount 840:845 The theoretical amount 824:845 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc 824:912 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 7 48 theme bioethanol 850:859 arg1 L/t 928:930 up to 400 L/t 918:930 up to 400 L/t 918:930 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 2 49 theme red 227:229 arg1 Sauvignon 216:224 Sauvignon 216:224 Sauvignon 216:224 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 2 49 theme red 227:229 arg1 marc 231:234 red marc 227:234 red marc 227:234 The compositions of Cabernet Sauvignon (red marc) and Sauvignon Blanc (white marc) were analyzed with a view to using marc as raw material for biofuel production. 26117238 7 50 theme theoretical 828:838 arg1 bioethanol 850:859 bioethanol 850:859 bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc 850:912 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 7 50 theme theoretical 828:838 arg1 amount 840:845 The theoretical amount 824:845 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc 824:912 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 26117238 7 50 theme theoretical 828:838 arg1 L/t 928:930 up to 400 L/t 918:930 up to 400 L/t 918:930 The theoretical amount of bioethanol that could be produced by fermentation of grape marc was up to 400 L/t. 27059388 3 0 theme such 335:338 arg1 composites 340:349 in vivo such composites 327:349 in vivo such composites 327:349 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 8 1 theme significant 1101:1111 arg1 increase 1120:1127 significant volume increase 1101:1127 significant volume increase 1101:1127 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 9 2 theme Simple 1250:1255 arg1 correction 1270:1279 Simple quantitative correction 1250:1279 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite 1250:1312 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 3 theme in 1340:1341 arg1 appearance 1348:1357 in vivo appearance 1340:1357 in vivo appearance of side effects 1340:1373 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 4 4 from augmentation 595:606 arg1 people 611:616 people 611:616 people 611:616 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 9 5 theme composite 1304:1312 arg1 amount 1284:1289 amount 1284:1289 amount of implanted composite 1284:1312 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 5 theme composite 1304:1312 arg1 composite 1304:1312 implanted composite 1294:1312 implanted composite 1294:1312 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 6 theme quantitative 1257:1268 arg1 correction 1270:1279 Simple quantitative correction 1250:1279 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite 1250:1312 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 1 7 theme biomaterials 167:178 arg1 design 157:162 design 157:162 design of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration 157:207 Natural polymer-based composites become very popular in design of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. 27059388 7 8 theme soaking 968:974 arg1 5 days 958:963 5 days 958:963 5 days of soaking 958:974 Composite parameters were therefore studied after 5 days of soaking in acidic medium by weight and volume measurement, SEM, XRD, FTIR, microCT, and mercury intrusion techniques. 27059388 10 9 theme tests 1554:1558 arg1 necessity 1501:1509 the necessity 1497:1509 the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials 1497:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 8 10 theme properties 1238:1247 arg1 change 1217:1222 change 1217:1222 change of mechanical properties 1217:1247 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 9 11 theme implanted 1294:1302 arg1 composite 1304:1312 implanted composite 1294:1312 implanted composite 1294:1312 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 10 12 theme clinical 1623:1630 arg1 trials 1632:1637 clinical trials 1623:1637 clinical trials 1623:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 5 13 dep showed 639:644 arg1 caused 675:680 caused 675:680 caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation 675:745 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 8 14 theme size 1135:1138 arg1 remodelling 1140:1150 pore size remodelling 1130:1150 pore size remodelling 1130:1150 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 9 15 theme pH-related 1392:1401 arg1 factor 1466:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 15 theme pH-related 1392:1401 arg1 increase 1410:1417 pH-related volume increase 1392:1417 pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite 1392:1441 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 8 16 theme volume 1113:1118 arg1 increase 1120:1127 significant volume increase 1101:1127 significant volume increase 1101:1127 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 9 17 theme disqualifying 1452:1464 arg1 increase 1410:1417 pH-related volume increase 1392:1417 pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite 1392:1441 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 17 theme disqualifying 1452:1464 arg1 factor 1466:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 3 18 dep in 327:328 arg1 vivo 330:333 vivo 330:333 vivo 330:333 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 9 19 theme volume 1403:1408 arg1 factor 1466:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 19 theme volume 1403:1408 arg1 increase 1410:1417 pH-related volume increase 1392:1417 pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite 1392:1441 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 8 20 theme pore 1130:1133 arg1 remodelling 1140:1150 pore size remodelling 1130:1150 pore size remodelling 1130:1150 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 5 21 theme stitches 682:689 arg1 loosening 691:699 stitches loosening 682:699 stitches loosening 682:699 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 2 22 theme standard 300:307 arg1 methods 309:315 standard methods 300:315 standard methods 300:315 Their rheological and mechanical properties are typically evaluated in vitro according to standard methods. 27059388 6 23 theme potential 776:784 arg1 pH 755:756 Acidic pH 748:756 Acidic pH 748:756 Acidic pH was selected as a potential factor affecting this phenomenon, as all implantations are accompanied by transient local inflammation and acidification. 27059388 6 23 theme potential 776:784 arg1 factor 786:791 a potential factor 774:791 a potential factor affecting this phenomenon 774:817 Acidic pH was selected as a potential factor affecting this phenomenon, as all implantations are accompanied by transient local inflammation and acidification. 27059388 3 24 theme liquids 468:474 arg1 acidification 444:456 inflammation-assisted acidification 422:456 inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids 422:474 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 3 25 theme inflammation-assisted 422:442 arg1 acidification 444:456 inflammation-assisted acidification 422:456 inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids 422:474 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 6 26 theme local 870:874 arg1 inflammation 876:887 transient local inflammation 860:887 transient local inflammation 860:887 Acidic pH was selected as a potential factor affecting this phenomenon, as all implantations are accompanied by transient local inflammation and acidification. 27059388 8 27 dep composite 1191:1199 arg1 the 1187:1189 the 1187:1189 the 1187:1189 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 1 28 theme bone 184:187 arg1 regeneration 196:207 bone tissue regeneration 184:207 bone tissue regeneration 184:207 Natural polymer-based composites become very popular in design of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. 27059388 10 29 theme detailed 1519:1526 arg1 tests 1554:1558 very detailed and individually designed tests 1514:1558 very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials 1514:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 5 30 theme wound 705:709 arg1 5 days 721:726 wound reopening 5 days 705:726 wound reopening 5 days 705:726 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 6 31 theme transient 860:868 arg1 inflammation 876:887 transient local inflammation 860:887 transient local inflammation 860:887 Acidic pH was selected as a potential factor affecting this phenomenon, as all implantations are accompanied by transient local inflammation and acidification. 27059388 1 32 theme tissue 189:194 arg1 regeneration 196:207 bone tissue regeneration 184:207 bone tissue regeneration 184:207 Natural polymer-based composites become very popular in design of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. 27059388 0 33 theme Unexpected 0:9 arg1 reaction 11:18 Unexpected reaction 0:18 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 0:99 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 9 34 theme HAp/glucan 1422:1431 arg1 composite 1433:1441 HAp/glucan composite 1422:1441 HAp/glucan composite 1422:1441 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 3 35 dep acidification 444:456 arg1 e.g. 416:419 e.g. 416:419 e.g. 416:419 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 5 36 theme unexpected 646:655 arg1 swelling 665:672 unexpected massive swelling 646:672 unexpected massive swelling 646:672 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 10 37 theme polymer-based 1579:1591 arg1 biomaterials 1603:1614 all new polymer-based composite biomaterials 1571:1614 all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials 1571:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 3 38 theme tissue 461:466 arg1 liquids 468:474 tissue liquids 461:474 tissue liquids 461:474 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 0 39 theme new 23:25 arg1 composite 38:46 new HAp/glucan composite 23:46 new HAp/glucan composite 23:46 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 9 40 theme composite 1433:1441 arg1 factor 1466:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 a disqualifying factor 1450:1471 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 40 theme composite 1433:1441 arg1 increase 1410:1417 pH-related volume increase 1392:1417 pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite 1392:1441 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 8 41 theme ceramic 1156:1162 arg1 rearrangement 1170:1182 ceramic phase rearrangement 1156:1182 ceramic phase rearrangement 1156:1182 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 5 42 theme massive 657:663 arg1 swelling 665:672 unexpected massive swelling 646:672 unexpected massive swelling 646:672 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 1 43 theme Natural 101:107 arg1 composites 123:132 Natural polymer-based composites 101:132 Natural polymer-based composites 101:132 Natural polymer-based composites become very popular in design of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. 27059388 3 44 theme body 399:402 arg1 conditions 404:413 specific body conditions 390:413 specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids) 390:475 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 4 45 theme Such 478:481 arg1 phenomenon 494:503 Such surprising phenomenon 478:503 Such surprising phenomenon 478:503 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 1 46 theme polymer-based 109:121 arg1 composites 123:132 Natural polymer-based composites 101:132 Natural polymer-based composites 101:132 Natural polymer-based composites become very popular in design of biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. 27059388 7 47 theme Composite 908:916 arg1 parameters 918:927 Composite parameters 908:927 Composite parameters 908:927 Composite parameters were therefore studied after 5 days of soaking in acidic medium by weight and volume measurement, SEM, XRD, FTIR, microCT, and mercury intrusion techniques. 27059388 0 48 theme composite 38:46 arg1 reaction 11:18 Unexpected reaction 0:18 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 0:99 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 6 49 theme Acidic 748:753 arg1 pH 755:756 Acidic pH 748:756 Acidic pH 748:756 Acidic pH was selected as a potential factor affecting this phenomenon, as all implantations are accompanied by transient local inflammation and acidification. 27059388 6 49 theme Acidic 748:753 arg1 factor 786:791 a potential factor 774:791 a potential factor affecting this phenomenon 774:817 Acidic pH was selected as a potential factor affecting this phenomenon, as all implantations are accompanied by transient local inflammation and acidification. 27059388 0 50 theme HAp/glucan 27:36 arg1 composite 38:46 new HAp/glucan composite 23:46 new HAp/glucan composite 23:46 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 4 51 theme extraction 577:586 arg1 augmentation 595:606 alveolus extraction socket augmentation 568:606 alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people 568:616 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 8 52 theme phase 1164:1168 arg1 rearrangement 1170:1182 ceramic phase rearrangement 1156:1182 ceramic phase rearrangement 1156:1182 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 27059388 3 53 theme specific 390:397 arg1 conditions 404:413 specific body conditions 390:413 specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids) 390:475 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 10 54 theme new 1575:1577 arg1 biomaterials 1603:1614 all new polymer-based composite biomaterials 1571:1614 all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials 1571:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 0 55 theme environmental 51:63 arg1 acidification 65:77 environmental acidification 51:77 environmental acidification 51:77 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 4 56 theme alveolus 568:575 arg1 augmentation 595:606 alveolus extraction socket augmentation 568:606 alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people 568:616 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 3 57 theme in 327:328 arg1 composites 340:349 in vivo such composites 327:349 in vivo such composites 327:349 However, in vivo such composites may behave completely different due to specific body conditions (e.g., inflammation-assisted acidification of tissue liquids). 27059388 4 58 theme surprising 483:492 arg1 phenomenon 494:503 Such surprising phenomenon 478:503 Such surprising phenomenon 478:503 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 10 59 theme designed 1545:1552 arg1 tests 1554:1558 very detailed and individually designed tests 1514:1558 very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials 1514:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 10 60 theme composite 1593:1601 arg1 biomaterials 1603:1614 all new polymer-based composite biomaterials 1571:1614 all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials 1571:1637 This strongly suggests the necessity of very detailed and individually designed tests concerning all new polymer-based composite biomaterials before clinical trials. 27059388 9 61 theme effects 1367:1373 arg1 appearance 1348:1357 in vivo appearance 1340:1357 in vivo appearance of side effects 1340:1373 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 12 62 dep Res 1686:1688 arg1 1178-1190 1719:1727 1178-1190 1719:1727 1178-1190 1719:1727 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 27059388 12 62 dep Res 1686:1688 arg1 105B 1713:1716 105B 1713:1716 105B 1713:1716 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 27059388 12 62 dep Res 1686:1688 arg1 B 1695:1695 Part B 1690:1695 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 1671:1734 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 27059388 12 62 dep Res 1686:1688 arg1 Biomater 1703:1710 Biomater 1703:1710 Biomater 1703:1710 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 27059388 2 63 theme mechanical 232:241 arg1 properties 243:252 Their rheological and mechanical properties 210:252 Their rheological and mechanical properties 210:252 Their rheological and mechanical properties are typically evaluated in vitro according to standard methods. 27059388 7 64 theme intrusion 1064:1072 arg1 techniques 1074:1083 mercury intrusion techniques 1056:1083 mercury intrusion techniques 1056:1083 Composite parameters were therefore studied after 5 days of soaking in acidic medium by weight and volume measurement, SEM, XRD, FTIR, microCT, and mercury intrusion techniques. 27059388 5 65 theme reopening 711:719 arg1 5 days 721:726 wound reopening 5 days 705:726 wound reopening 5 days 705:726 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 4 66 theme socket 588:593 arg1 augmentation 595:606 alveolus extraction socket augmentation 568:606 alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people 568:616 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 2 67 theme rheological 216:226 arg1 properties 243:252 Their rheological and mechanical properties 210:252 Their rheological and mechanical properties 210:252 Their rheological and mechanical properties are typically evaluated in vitro according to standard methods. 27059388 5 68 theme Implanted 619:627 arg1 composite 629:637 Implanted composite 619:637 Implanted composite 619:637 Implanted composite showed unexpected massive swelling, caused stitches loosening and wound reopening 5 days after implantation. 27059388 7 69 theme volume 1007:1012 arg1 measurement 1014:1024 volume measurement 1007:1024 volume measurement 1007:1024 Composite parameters were therefore studied after 5 days of soaking in acidic medium by weight and volume measurement, SEM, XRD, FTIR, microCT, and mercury intrusion techniques. 27059388 11 70 dep © 1640:1640 arg1 Inc. 1666:1669 Inc. 1666:1669 Inc. 1666:1669 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 27059388 12 71 theme Part 1690:1693 arg1 B 1695:1695 Part B 1690:1695 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 1671:1734 J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1178-1190, 2017. 27059388 9 72 theme amount 1284:1289 arg1 correction 1270:1279 Simple quantitative correction 1250:1279 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite 1250:1312 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 73 dep in 1340:1341 arg1 vivo 1343:1346 vivo 1343:1346 vivo 1343:1346 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 9 74 theme side 1362:1365 arg1 effects 1367:1373 side effects 1362:1373 side effects 1362:1373 Simple quantitative correction of amount of implanted composite was sufficient to control in vivo appearance of side effects, confirming that pH-related volume increase of HAp/glucan composite is not a disqualifying factor. 27059388 0 75 dep reaction 11:18 arg1 Defect 80:85 Defect 80:85 Defect 80:85 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 0 75 dep reaction 11:18 arg1 advantage 90:98 advantage 90:98 advantage 90:98 Unexpected reaction of new HAp/glucan composite to environmental acidification: Defect or advantage? 27059388 7 76 theme mercury 1056:1062 arg1 techniques 1074:1083 mercury intrusion techniques 1056:1083 mercury intrusion techniques 1056:1083 Composite parameters were therefore studied after 5 days of soaking in acidic medium by weight and volume measurement, SEM, XRD, FTIR, microCT, and mercury intrusion techniques. 27059388 4 77 theme 3-glucan 542:549 arg1 hydroxyapatite/β-1 522:539 hydroxyapatite/β-1 522:539 hydroxyapatite/β-1 522:539 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 4 77 theme 3-glucan 542:549 arg1 composite 551:559 3-glucan composite 542:559 3-glucan composite 542:559 Such surprising phenomenon was observed for hydroxyapatite/β-1, 3-glucan composite during alveolus extraction socket augmentation in people. 27059388 7 78 theme acidic 979:984 arg1 medium 986:991 acidic medium 979:991 acidic medium 979:991 Composite parameters were therefore studied after 5 days of soaking in acidic medium by weight and volume measurement, SEM, XRD, FTIR, microCT, and mercury intrusion techniques. 27059388 8 79 theme mechanical 1227:1236 arg1 properties 1238:1247 mechanical properties 1227:1247 mechanical properties 1227:1247 Results showed significant volume increase, pore size remodelling and ceramic phase rearrangement in the composite, accompanied by change of mechanical properties. 26229466 7 0 theme nanocomposite 1139:1151 arg1 mechanism 1122:1130 a controlled release mechanism 1101:1130 a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite 1101:1151 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 5 1 theme dialdehyde 657:666 arg1 DBC 689:691 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) 657:692 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) 657:692 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 1 2 theme biomedical 245:254 arg1 applications 256:267 biomedical applications 245:267 biomedical applications 245:267 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 0 3 theme covalent 84:91 arg1 bonds 93:97 covalent bonds 84:97 covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration 84:137 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 5 4 theme bacterial 668:676 arg1 DBC 689:691 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) 657:692 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) 657:692 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 5 5 theme contact 888:894 arg1 angle 896:900 contact angle 888:900 contact angle 888:900 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 1 6 theme applications 256:267 arg1 range 236:240 a wide range 229:240 a wide range of biomedical applications 229:267 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 0 7 theme tissue 103:108 arg1 engineering 110:120 tissue engineering 103:120 tissue engineering 103:120 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 0 8 from Immobilization 0:13 arg1 cellulose 59:67 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 38:67 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 38:67 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 5 9 theme cellulose 678:686 arg1 DBC 689:691 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) 657:692 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) 657:692 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 3 10 theme collagen 544:551 arg1 immobilization 526:539 the immobilization 522:539 the immobilization of collagen on BC 522:557 It is necessary to develop a new method to generate covalent bonds between collagen and cellulose to improve the immobilization of collagen on BC. 26229466 4 11 theme dialdehyde 590:599 arg1 nanocomposite 621:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 This study describes a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite. 26229466 7 12 theme Col-p 1085:1089 arg1 measurement 1070:1080 In vitro desorption measurement 1050:1080 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p 1050:1089 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 2 13 theme low 285:287 arg1 bioactivity 289:299 its low bioactivity 281:299 its low bioactivity 281:299 Because of its low bioactivity, which restricted its practical application, collagen and collagen hydrolysate were usually composited into BC. 26229466 4 14 theme facile 583:588 arg1 nanocomposite 621:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 This study describes a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite. 26229466 5 15 theme collagen 748:755 arg1 Col-p 766:770 Col-p 766:770 Col-p 766:770 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 5 15 theme collagen 748:755 arg1 peptide 757:763 collagen peptide 748:763 collagen peptide (Col-p) 748:771 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 7 16 theme desorption 1059:1068 arg1 measurement 1070:1080 In vitro desorption measurement 1050:1080 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p 1050:1089 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 6 17 theme value 1023:1027 arg1 degree 999:1004 the degree 995:1004 the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential 995:1047 The peptide-binding ratio was further affected by the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential. 26229466 5 18 theme Col-p 903:907 arg1 content 909:915 Col-p content 903:915 Col-p content 903:915 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 7 19 theme release 1114:1120 arg1 mechanism 1122:1130 a controlled release mechanism 1101:1130 a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite 1101:1151 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 9 20 theme DBC/Col-p 1306:1314 arg1 material 1341:1348 a promising material 1329:1348 a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration 1329:1388 This work demonstrates that the DBC/Col-p composite is a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 9 20 theme DBC/Col-p 1306:1314 arg1 composite 1316:1324 the DBC/Col-p composite 1302:1324 the DBC/Col-p composite 1302:1324 This work demonstrates that the DBC/Col-p composite is a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 5 21 theme covalent 777:784 arg1 bonds 786:790 covalent bonds 777:790 covalent bonds 777:790 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 1 22 theme wide 231:234 arg1 range 236:240 a wide range 229:240 a wide range of biomedical applications 229:267 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 1 23 theme alternative 171:181 arg1 biomaterial 198:208 an alternative nanostructured biomaterial 168:208 an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications 168:267 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 1 23 theme alternative 171:181 arg1 cellulose 150:158 Bacterial cellulose 140:158 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 140:163 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 7 24 theme In 1050:1051 arg1 measurement 1070:1080 In vitro desorption measurement 1050:1080 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p 1050:1089 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 1 25 theme nanostructured 183:196 arg1 biomaterial 198:208 an alternative nanostructured biomaterial 168:208 an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications 168:267 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 1 25 theme nanostructured 183:196 arg1 cellulose 150:158 Bacterial cellulose 140:158 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 140:163 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 0 26 theme peptide 27:33 arg1 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization 0:13 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 0:67 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 6 27 theme potential 1039:1047 arg1 degree 999:1004 the degree 995:1004 the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential 995:1047 The peptide-binding ratio was further affected by the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential. 26229466 5 28 theme content 909:915 arg1 results 860:866 the results 856:866 the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio 856:942 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 2 29 dep collagen 346:353 arg1 hydrolysate 368:378 hydrolysate 368:378 hydrolysate 368:378 Because of its low bioactivity, which restricted its practical application, collagen and collagen hydrolysate were usually composited into BC. 26229466 8 30 dep cell 1244:1247 arg1 adhesion 1249:1256 adhesion 1249:1256 adhesion 1249:1256 Cell tests indicated that the prepared DBC/Col-p composite was bioactive and suitable for cell adhesion and attachment. 26229466 0 31 theme collagen 18:25 arg1 peptide 27:33 collagen peptide 18:33 collagen peptide 18:33 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 9 32 theme promising 1331:1339 arg1 material 1341:1348 a promising material 1329:1348 a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration 1329:1388 This work demonstrates that the DBC/Col-p composite is a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 9 32 theme promising 1331:1339 arg1 composite 1316:1324 the DBC/Col-p composite 1302:1324 the DBC/Col-p composite 1302:1324 This work demonstrates that the DBC/Col-p composite is a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 5 33 theme ratio 938:942 arg1 results 860:866 the results 856:866 the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio 856:942 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 3 34 theme covalent 465:472 arg1 bonds 474:478 covalent bonds 465:478 covalent bonds between collagen and cellulose 465:509 It is necessary to develop a new method to generate covalent bonds between collagen and cellulose to improve the immobilization of collagen on BC. 26229466 0 35 theme dialdehyde 38:47 arg1 cellulose 59:67 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 38:67 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 38:67 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 6 36 theme pH 1020:1021 arg1 value 1023:1027 pH value 1020:1027 pH value 1020:1027 The peptide-binding ratio was further affected by the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential. 26229466 6 37 theme oxidation 1009:1017 arg1 degree 999:1004 the degree 995:1004 the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential 995:1047 The peptide-binding ratio was further affected by the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential. 26229466 8 38 theme prepared 1184:1191 arg1 bioactive 1217:1225 bioactive 1217:1225 bioactive 1217:1225 Cell tests indicated that the prepared DBC/Col-p composite was bioactive and suitable for cell adhesion and attachment. 26229466 8 38 theme prepared 1184:1191 arg1 composite 1203:1211 the prepared DBC/Col-p composite 1180:1211 the prepared DBC/Col-p composite 1180:1211 Cell tests indicated that the prepared DBC/Col-p composite was bioactive and suitable for cell adhesion and attachment. 26229466 5 39 theme base 809:812 arg1 compounds 819:827 Schiff's base type compounds 800:827 Schiff's base type compounds 800:827 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 6 40 theme zeta 1034:1037 arg1 potential 1039:1047 zeta potential 1034:1047 zeta potential 1034:1047 The peptide-binding ratio was further affected by the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential. 26229466 7 41 theme controlled 1103:1112 arg1 mechanism 1122:1130 a controlled release mechanism 1101:1130 a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite 1101:1151 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 9 42 theme tissue 1354:1359 arg1 engineering 1361:1371 tissue engineering 1354:1371 tissue engineering 1354:1371 This work demonstrates that the DBC/Col-p composite is a promising material for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 6 43 theme peptide-binding 949:963 arg1 ratio 965:969 The peptide-binding ratio 945:969 The peptide-binding ratio 945:969 The peptide-binding ratio was further affected by the degree of oxidation, pH value, and zeta potential. 26229466 5 44 theme angle 896:900 arg1 results 860:866 the results 856:866 the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio 856:942 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 0 45 theme bacterial 49:57 arg1 cellulose 59:67 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 38:67 dialdehyde bacterial cellulose 38:67 Immobilization of collagen peptide on dialdehyde bacterial cellulose nanofibers via covalent bonds for tissue engineering and regeneration. 26229466 8 46 theme DBC/Col-p 1193:1201 arg1 bioactive 1217:1225 bioactive 1217:1225 bioactive 1217:1225 Cell tests indicated that the prepared DBC/Col-p composite was bioactive and suitable for cell adhesion and attachment. 26229466 8 46 theme DBC/Col-p 1193:1201 arg1 composite 1203:1211 the prepared DBC/Col-p composite 1180:1211 the prepared DBC/Col-p composite 1180:1211 Cell tests indicated that the prepared DBC/Col-p composite was bioactive and suitable for cell adhesion and attachment. 26229466 1 47 theme Bacterial 140:148 arg1 BC 161:162 BC 161:162 BC 161:162 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 1 47 theme Bacterial 140:148 arg1 cellulose 150:158 Bacterial cellulose 140:158 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 140:163 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 1 47 theme Bacterial 140:148 arg1 biomaterial 198:208 an alternative nanostructured biomaterial 168:208 an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications 168:267 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative nanostructured biomaterial to be utilized for a wide range of biomedical applications. 26229466 5 48 theme peptide-binding 922:936 arg1 ratio 938:942 peptide-binding ratio 922:942 peptide-binding ratio 922:942 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 4 49 theme peptide 613:619 arg1 nanocomposite 621:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 This study describes a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite. 26229466 5 50 theme regioselective 697:710 arg1 oxidation 712:720 regioselective oxidation 697:720 regioselective oxidation 697:720 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 2 51 theme practical 323:331 arg1 application 333:343 its practical application 319:343 its practical application 319:343 Because of its low bioactivity, which restricted its practical application, collagen and collagen hydrolysate were usually composited into BC. 26229466 4 52 theme BC/collagen 601:611 arg1 nanocomposite 621:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite 581:633 This study describes a facile dialdehyde BC/collagen peptide nanocomposite. 26229466 7 53 dep In 1050:1051 arg1 vitro 1053:1057 vitro 1053:1057 vitro 1053:1057 In vitro desorption measurement of Col-p suggested a controlled release mechanism of the nanocomposite. 26229466 8 54 theme Cell 1154:1157 arg1 tests 1159:1163 Cell tests 1154:1163 Cell tests 1154:1163 Cell tests indicated that the prepared DBC/Col-p composite was bioactive and suitable for cell adhesion and attachment. 26229466 3 55 theme new 442:444 arg1 method 446:451 a new method 440:451 a new method to generate covalent bonds between collagen and cellulose to improve the immobilization of collagen on BC 440:557 It is necessary to develop a new method to generate covalent bonds between collagen and cellulose to improve the immobilization of collagen on BC. 26229466 5 56 theme type 814:817 arg1 compounds 819:827 Schiff's base type compounds 800:827 Schiff's base type compounds 800:827 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 5 57 theme microstructures 871:885 arg1 results 860:866 the results 856:866 the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio 856:942 BC was oxidized into dialdehyde bacterial cellulose (DBC) by regioselective oxidation, and then composited with collagen peptide (Col-p) via covalent bonds to form Schiff's base type compounds, which was demonstrated by the results of microstructures, contact angle, Col-p content, and peptide-binding ratio. 26229466 3 58 from immobilization 526:539 arg1 BC 556:557 BC 556:557 BC 556:557 It is necessary to develop a new method to generate covalent bonds between collagen and cellulose to improve the immobilization of collagen on BC. 27302155 1 0 gly glycoprotein 170:181 arg1 A 157:157 Immunoglobulin A 142:157 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) 142:163 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 1 0 gly glycoprotein 170:181 arg1 glycoprotein 170:181 a glycoprotein 168:181 a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies 168:257 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 2 1 theme small 365:369 arg1 sizes 378:382 small sample sizes 365:382 small sample sizes 365:382 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. 27302155 6 2 theme O-glycopeptide 1012:1025 arg1 glycoforms 981:990 53 compositional glycoforms 964:990 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide 964:1025 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 4 3 theme non-fucosylated 637:651 arg1 glycoforms 678:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 2 4 theme O-glycosylation 296:310 arg1 analysis 312:319 O-glycosylation analysis 296:319 O-glycosylation analysis 296:319 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. 27302155 9 5 theme method 1549:1554 arg1 applications 1519:1530 further applications 1511:1530 further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts 1511:1581 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 6 6 theme hinge 999:1003 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1012:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 5 7 theme triantennary 896:907 arg1 glycoforms 909:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 9 8 theme larger 1560:1565 arg1 cohorts 1575:1581 larger patient cohorts 1560:1581 larger patient cohorts 1560:1581 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 4 9 gly glycopeptide 728:739 arg2 glycopeptide 728:739 the Asn144-containing glycopeptide 706:739 the Asn144-containing glycopeptide 706:739 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 6 10 theme MALDI-FTICR 1069:1079 arg1 spectrum 1081:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 8 11 theme Pregnancy 1384:1392 arg1 changes 1405:1411 Pregnancy associated changes 1384:1411 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection 1384:1433 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection were different for IgA1 as compared to IgG-Fc described earlier. 27302155 5 12 theme tailpiece 813:821 arg1 glycopeptide 823:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 5 13 theme glycoforms 909:918 arg1 glycopeptide 823:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 5 13 theme glycoforms 909:918 arg1 amounts 885:891 low amounts 881:891 low amounts of triantennary glycoforms 881:918 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 5 13 theme glycoforms 909:918 arg1 glycoforms 909:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 9 14 theme N- 1596:1597 arg1 changes 1619:1625 IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes 1592:1625 IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies 1592:1640 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 6 15 theme high 1053:1056 arg1 spectrum 1081:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 9 16 theme O-glycosylation 1603:1617 arg1 changes 1619:1625 IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes 1592:1625 IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies 1592:1640 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 4 17 located detected 694:701 arg2 glycoforms 678:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 4 17 located detected 694:701 arg1 glycopeptide 728:739 the Asn144-containing glycopeptide 706:739 the Asn144-containing glycopeptide 706:739 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 8 18 theme N-glycan 1416:1423 arg1 bisection 1425:1433 N-glycan bisection 1416:1433 N-glycan bisection 1416:1433 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection were different for IgA1 as compared to IgG-Fc described earlier. 27302155 7 19 theme associated 1112:1121 arg1 changes 1123:1129 many pregnancy associated changes 1097:1129 many pregnancy associated changes 1097:1129 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 5 20 theme diantennary 851:861 arg1 type 871:874 the diantennary complex type 847:874 the diantennary complex type 847:874 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 2 21 theme Conventional 260:271 arg1 methods 273:279 Conventional methods 260:279 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis 260:319 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. 27302155 7 22 theme many 1097:1100 arg1 changes 1123:1129 many pregnancy associated changes 1097:1129 many pregnancy associated changes 1097:1129 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 3 23 dep spectrometry 614:625 arg1 transform 561:569 transform 561:569 transform 561:569 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 0 24 theme MALDI-FTICR-MS 91:104 arg1 analysis 106:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis 78:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides 78:139 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 6 25 gly N-glycopeptides 947:961 arg2 N-glycopeptides 947:961 these N-glycopeptides 941:961 these N-glycopeptides 941:961 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 0 26 theme glycosylation 44:56 arg1 monitoring 13:22 Longitudinal monitoring 0:22 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 0:140 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 3 27 theme simultaneous 436:447 arg1 analysis 449:456 the simultaneous analysis 432:456 the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides 432:501 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 0 28 theme Longitudinal 0:11 arg1 monitoring 13:22 Longitudinal monitoring 0:22 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 0:140 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 7 29 from applicability 1212:1224 arg1 cohort 1246:1251 a cohort 1244:1251 a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery 1244:1381 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 6 30 gly glycoforms 981:990 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1012:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 0 31 gly O-glycopeptides 125:139 arg2 O-glycopeptides 125:139 O-glycopeptides 125:139 O-glycopeptides 125:139 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 3 32 gly O-glycopeptides 487:501 arg2 O-glycopeptides 487:501 O-glycopeptides 487:501 O-glycopeptides 487:501 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 33 theme IgA1 475:478 arg1 N- 480:481 serum-derived IgA1 N- 461:481 serum-derived IgA1 N- 461:481 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 7 34 theme women 1268:1272 arg1 cohort 1246:1251 a cohort 1244:1251 a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery 1244:1381 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 0 35 theme A 42:42 arg1 glycosylation 44:56 immunoglobulin A glycosylation 27:56 immunoglobulin A glycosylation 27:56 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 3 36 theme high-throughput 403:417 arg1 strategy 419:426 a high-throughput strategy 401:426 a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides 401:501 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 37 theme laser/desorption 525:540 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 37 theme laser/desorption 525:540 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 2 38 theme such 348:351 arg1 analyses 353:360 such analyses 348:360 such analyses 348:360 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. 27302155 4 39 theme diantennary 653:663 arg1 glycoforms 678:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 3 40 theme ion 571:573 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 40 theme ion 571:573 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 9 41 theme further 1511:1517 arg1 applications 1519:1530 further applications 1511:1530 further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts 1511:1581 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 4 42 theme type 673:676 arg1 glycoforms 678:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 7 43 theme time 1317:1320 arg1 points 1322:1327 three time points 1311:1327 three time points 1311:1327 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 2 44 theme sample 371:376 arg1 sizes 378:382 small sample sizes 365:382 small sample sizes 365:382 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. 27302155 7 45 theme method 1234:1239 arg1 applicability 1212:1224 the clinical applicability 1199:1224 the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery 1199:1381 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 3 46 theme MALDI-FTICR 596:606 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 46 theme MALDI-FTICR 596:606 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 9 47 theme developed 1539:1547 arg1 method 1549:1554 the developed method 1535:1554 the developed method 1535:1554 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 6 48 theme region 1005:1010 arg1 O-glycopeptide 1012:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 3 49 theme resonance 585:593 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 49 theme resonance 585:593 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 9 50 from changes 1619:1625 arg1 pathologies 1630:1640 pathologies 1630:1640 pathologies 1630:1640 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 4 51 theme Asn144-containing 710:726 arg1 glycopeptide 728:739 the Asn144-containing glycopeptide 706:739 the Asn144-containing glycopeptide 706:739 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 7 52 theme clinical 1203:1210 arg1 applicability 1212:1224 the clinical applicability 1199:1224 the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery 1199:1381 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 9 53 theme patient 1567:1573 arg1 cohorts 1575:1581 larger patient cohorts 1560:1581 larger patient cohorts 1560:1581 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 3 54 link serum-derived 461:473 arg1 N- 480:481 serum-derived IgA1 N- 461:481 serum-derived IgA1 N- 461:481 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 55 theme mass 609:612 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 55 theme mass 609:612 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 56 theme Fourier 553:559 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 56 theme Fourier 553:559 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 5 57 theme Asn340-containing 795:811 arg1 glycopeptide 823:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 1 58 theme altered 192:198 arg1 glycosylation 200:212 altered glycosylation 192:212 altered glycosylation 192:212 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 9 59 theme IgA 1592:1594 arg1 N- 1596:1597 IgA N- 1592:1597 IgA N- 1592:1597 We foresee further applications of the developed method for larger patient cohorts to study IgA N- and O-glycosylation changes in pathologies. 27302155 6 60 theme resolution 1058:1067 arg1 spectrum 1081:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 5 61 theme distinct 751:758 arg1 glycoforms 760:769 Thirteen distinct glycoforms 742:769 Thirteen distinct glycoforms 742:769 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 6 62 theme single 1046:1051 arg1 spectrum 1081:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum 1044:1088 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 8 63 theme associated 1394:1403 arg1 changes 1405:1411 Pregnancy associated changes 1384:1411 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection 1384:1433 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection were different for IgA1 as compared to IgG-Fc described earlier. 27302155 7 64 theme immunoglobulin 1156:1169 arg1 G 1171:1171 immunoglobulin G 1156:1171 immunoglobulin G 1156:1171 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 2 65 theme IgA 285:287 arg1 N- 289:290 IgA N- 285:290 IgA N- 285:290 Conventional methods for IgA N- and O-glycosylation analysis are tedious, thus limiting such analyses to small sample sizes. 27302155 0 66 theme simultaneous 78:89 arg1 analysis 106:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis 78:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides 78:139 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 1 67 theme Immunoglobulin 142:155 arg1 A 157:157 Immunoglobulin A 142:157 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) 142:163 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 1 67 theme Immunoglobulin 142:155 arg1 glycoprotein 170:181 a glycoprotein 168:181 a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies 168:257 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 1 67 theme Immunoglobulin 142:155 arg1 IgA 160:162 IgA 160:162 IgA 160:162 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 8 68 theme bisection 1425:1433 arg1 changes 1405:1411 Pregnancy associated changes 1384:1411 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection 1384:1433 Pregnancy associated changes of N-glycan bisection were different for IgA1 as compared to IgG-Fc described earlier. 27302155 5 69 theme complex 863:869 arg1 type 871:874 the diantennary complex type 847:874 the diantennary complex type 847:874 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 7 70 theme pregnancy 1102:1110 arg1 changes 1123:1129 many pregnancy associated changes 1097:1129 many pregnancy associated changes 1097:1129 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 6 71 gly O-glycopeptide 1012:1025 arg2 O-glycopeptide 1012:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 the hinge region O-glycopeptide 995:1025 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 0 72 theme N- 118:119 arg1 analysis 106:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis 78:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides 78:139 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 0 73 theme O-glycopeptides 125:139 arg1 analysis 106:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis 78:113 simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides 78:139 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 4 74 gly glycoforms 678:687 arg1 complex 665:671 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 4 74 gly glycoforms 678:687 arg1 type 673:676 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 3 75 theme serum-derived 461:473 arg1 N- 480:481 serum-derived IgA1 N- 461:481 serum-derived IgA1 N- 461:481 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 5 76 gly glycopeptide 823:834 arg2 glycopeptide 823:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide 791:834 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 5 76 gly glycopeptide 823:834 arg1 glycoforms 909:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 0 77 theme immunoglobulin 27:40 arg1 glycosylation 44:56 immunoglobulin A glycosylation 27:56 immunoglobulin A glycosylation 27:56 Longitudinal monitoring of immunoglobulin A glycosylation during pregnancy by simultaneous MALDI-FTICR-MS analysis of N- and O-glycopeptides. 27302155 4 78 gly non-fucosylated 637:651 arg1 glycoforms 678:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 3 79 theme O-glycopeptides 487:501 arg1 analysis 449:456 the simultaneous analysis 432:456 the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides 432:501 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 7 80 theme pregnant 1259:1266 arg1 women 1268:1272 29 pregnant women 1256:1272 29 pregnant women 1256:1272 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 6 81 theme compositional 967:979 arg1 glycoforms 981:990 53 compositional glycoforms 964:990 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide 964:1025 Simultaneously with these N-glycopeptides, 53 compositional glycoforms of the hinge region O-glycopeptide were profiled in a single high resolution MALDI-FTICR spectrum. 27302155 3 82 theme N- 480:481 arg1 analysis 449:456 the simultaneous analysis 432:456 the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides 432:501 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 5 83 theme low 881:883 arg1 amounts 885:891 low amounts 881:891 low amounts of triantennary glycoforms 881:918 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 5 83 theme low 881:883 arg1 glycoforms 909:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 triantennary glycoforms 896:918 Thirteen distinct glycoforms were identified for the Asn340-containing tailpiece glycopeptide, mainly of the diantennary complex type, and low amounts of triantennary glycoforms. 27302155 3 84 theme ionisation 542:551 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 84 theme ionisation 542:551 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 4 85 theme complex 665:671 arg1 glycoforms 678:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms 633:687 Six non-fucosylated diantennary complex type glycoforms were detected on the Asn144-containing glycopeptide. 27302155 3 86 theme matrix-assisted 509:523 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 86 theme matrix-assisted 509:523 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 1 87 theme several 239:245 arg1 pathologies 247:257 several pathologies 239:257 several pathologies 239:257 Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a glycoprotein of which altered glycosylation has been associated with several pathologies. 27302155 7 88 theme time 1356:1359 arg1 points 1361:1366 three time points 1350:1366 three time points after delivery 1350:1381 Since many pregnancy associated changes have been recognized for immunoglobulin G, we sought to demonstrate the clinical applicability of this method in a cohort of 29 pregnant women, from whom samples were collected at three time points during pregnancy and three time points after delivery. 27302155 3 89 theme cyclotron 575:583 arg1 spectrometry 614:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry 509:625 matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS) 509:630 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 27302155 3 89 theme cyclotron 575:583 arg1 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 MS 628:629 Here we present a high-throughput strategy for the simultaneous analysis of serum-derived IgA1 N- and O-glycopeptides using matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) mass spectrometry (MS). 25841378 3 0 theme polysaccharide 504:517 arg1 fractions 519:527 three polysaccharide fractions 498:527 three polysaccharide fractions 498:527 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 0 theme polysaccharide 504:517 arg1 II-1 535:538 CPHP II-1 530:538 CPHP II-1 530:538 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 0 theme polysaccharide 504:517 arg1 II-2 549:552 CPHP II-2 544:552 CPHP II-2 544:552 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 1 contain contained 597:605 arg2 acid 640:643 galacturonic acid 627:643 galacturonic acid 627:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 1 contain contained 597:605 arg2 acid 618:621 glucuronic acid 607:621 glucuronic acid 607:621 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 1 contain contained 597:605 arg1 fractions 581:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions 559:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 559:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 5 2 theme CPHP 1042:1045 arg1 II-2 1047:1050 CPHP II-2 1042:1050 CPHP II-2 1042:1050 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 2 3 theme major 191:195 arg1 II-1 221:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 3 theme major 191:195 arg1 II-2 235:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 3 theme major 191:195 arg1 fractions 197:205 Three major fractions 185:205 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP 185:253 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 3 theme major 191:195 arg1 I 213:213 CPHP I 208:213 CPHP I 208:213 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 5 4 theme hepatocyte 984:993 arg1 line 1000:1003 human hepatocyte cell line 978:1003 human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell) 978:1017 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 4 theme hepatocyte 984:993 arg1 cell 1013:1016 HL7702 cell 1006:1016 HL7702 cell 1006:1016 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 3 5 theme CPHP 544:547 arg1 fractions 519:527 three polysaccharide fractions 498:527 three polysaccharide fractions 498:527 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 5 theme CPHP 544:547 arg1 II-2 549:552 CPHP II-2 544:552 CPHP II-2 544:552 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 4 6 theme superoxide 758:767 arg1 DPPH 752:755 DPPH 752:755 DPPH 752:755 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 4 6 theme superoxide 758:767 arg1 radical 769:775 superoxide radical 758:775 superoxide radical 758:775 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 5 7 theme SOD 936:938 arg1 P<0.01 910:915 P<0.01 910:915 P<0.01 910:915 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 7 theme SOD 936:938 arg1 activities 922:931 the activities 918:931 (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px 909:949 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 8 theme hepatoprotective 1067:1082 arg1 activity 1084:1091 good hepatoprotective activity 1062:1091 good hepatoprotective activity 1062:1091 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 9 theme MDA 965:967 arg1 level 969:973 MDA level 965:973 MDA level 965:973 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 3 10 dep monosaccharides 479:493 arg1 fractions 581:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions 559:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 559:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 1 11 theme pteroclada 132:141 arg1 Polysaccharide 107:120 Polysaccharide 107:120 Polysaccharide of Cissus pteroclada Hayata (CPHP) 107:155 Polysaccharide of Cissus pteroclada Hayata (CPHP) was extracted and purified. 25841378 1 12 dep pteroclada 132:141 arg1 Hayata 143:148 Cissus pteroclada Hayata 125:148 Cissus pteroclada Hayata (CPHP) 125:155 Polysaccharide of Cissus pteroclada Hayata (CPHP) was extracted and purified. 25841378 4 13 theme CPHP 696:699 arg1 I 701:701 CPHP I and CPHP II-1 696:715 I 701:701 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 2 14 theme hepatoprotective 381:396 arg1 activities 398:407 hepatoprotective activities 381:407 hepatoprotective activities 381:407 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 3 15 theme polysaccharide 566:579 arg1 fractions 581:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions 559:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 559:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 5 16 contain possessed 1052:1060 arg1 II-2 1047:1050 CPHP II-2 1042:1050 CPHP II-2 1042:1050 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 16 contain possessed 1052:1060 arg2 activity 1084:1091 good hepatoprotective activity 1062:1091 good hepatoprotective activity 1062:1091 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 4 17 theme hydroxyl 778:785 arg1 DPPH 752:755 DPPH 752:755 DPPH 752:755 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 4 17 theme hydroxyl 778:785 arg1 radical 787:793 hydroxyl radical 778:793 hydroxyl radical 778:793 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 2 18 theme column 272:277 arg1 chromatography 279:292 column chromatography 272:292 column chromatography 272:292 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 4 19 theme activity 658:665 arg1 determination 667:679 Antioxidant activity determination 646:679 Antioxidant activity determination 646:679 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 5 20 theme antioxidant 832:842 arg1 test 844:847 antioxidant test 832:847 antioxidant test 832:847 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 0 21 from Hayata 99:104 arg1 antioxidant 14:24 antioxidant 14:24 antioxidant 14:24 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 0 21 from Hayata 99:104 arg1 activities 47:56 hepatoprotective activities 30:56 hepatoprotective activities 30:56 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 0 21 from Hayata 99:104 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 3 22 theme acidic 559:564 arg1 fractions 581:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions 559:589 acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 559:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 4 23 theme Antioxidant 646:656 arg1 determination 667:679 Antioxidant activity determination 646:679 Antioxidant activity determination 646:679 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 3 24 theme glucuronic 607:616 arg1 acid 618:621 glucuronic acid 607:621 glucuronic acid 607:621 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 0 25 theme hepatoprotective 30:45 arg1 activities 47:56 hepatoprotective activities 30:56 hepatoprotective activities 30:56 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 0 26 theme polysaccharide 61:74 arg1 antioxidant 14:24 antioxidant 14:24 antioxidant 14:24 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 0 26 theme polysaccharide 61:74 arg1 activities 47:56 hepatoprotective activities 30:56 hepatoprotective activities 30:56 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 0 26 theme polysaccharide 61:74 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide from Cissus pteroclada Hayata. 25841378 5 27 theme good 1062:1065 arg1 activity 1084:1091 good hepatoprotective activity 1062:1091 good hepatoprotective activity 1062:1091 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 2 28 theme CPHP 216:219 arg1 II-1 221:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 28 theme CPHP 216:219 arg1 fractions 197:205 Three major fractions 185:205 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP 185:253 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 29 theme monosaccharide 321:334 arg1 compositions 336:347 their monosaccharide compositions 315:347 their monosaccharide compositions 315:347 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 4 30 theme higher 723:728 arg1 scavenging 730:739 a higher scavenging 721:739 a higher scavenging effects 721:747 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 2 31 from CPHP 250:253 arg1 II-1 221:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 31 from CPHP 250:253 arg1 II-2 235:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 31 from CPHP 250:253 arg1 fractions 197:205 Three major fractions 185:205 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP 185:253 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 31 from CPHP 250:253 arg1 I 213:213 CPHP I 208:213 CPHP I 208:213 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 3 32 theme galacturonic 627:638 arg1 acid 640:643 galacturonic acid 627:643 galacturonic acid 627:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 4 33 theme scavenging 730:739 arg1 effects 741:747 a higher scavenging effects 721:747 a higher scavenging effects 721:747 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 2 34 theme CPHP 208:211 arg1 fractions 197:205 Three major fractions 185:205 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP 185:253 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 34 theme CPHP 208:211 arg1 I 213:213 CPHP I 208:213 CPHP I 208:213 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 5 35 theme human 978:982 arg1 line 1000:1003 human hepatocyte cell line 978:1003 human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell) 978:1017 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 35 theme human 978:982 arg1 cell 1013:1016 HL7702 cell 1006:1016 HL7702 cell 1006:1016 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 4 36 theme CPHP 707:710 arg1 II-1 712:715 CPHP I and CPHP II-1 696:715 II-1 712:715 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 3 37 theme main 474:477 arg1 galactose 455:463 galactose 455:463 galactose 455:463 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 37 theme main 474:477 arg1 glucose 443:449 glucose 443:449 glucose 443:449 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 37 theme main 474:477 arg1 monosaccharides 479:493 the main monosaccharides 470:493 the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 470:643 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 5 38 theme GSH-Px 944:949 arg1 P<0.01 910:915 P<0.01 910:915 P<0.01 910:915 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 38 theme GSH-Px 944:949 arg1 activities 922:931 the activities 918:931 (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px 909:949 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 4 39 theme ABTS 799:802 arg1 DPPH 752:755 DPPH 752:755 DPPH 752:755 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 4 39 theme ABTS 799:802 arg1 radical 804:810 ABTS radical 799:810 ABTS radical 799:810 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 3 40 theme CPHP 530:533 arg1 fractions 519:527 three polysaccharide fractions 498:527 three polysaccharide fractions 498:527 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 3 40 theme CPHP 530:533 arg1 II-1 535:538 CPHP II-1 530:538 CPHP II-1 530:538 The results showed that glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharides of three polysaccharide fractions, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2 were acidic polysaccharide fractions which contained glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 25841378 2 41 dep fractions 197:205 arg1 II-1 221:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 CPHP II-1 216:224 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 41 dep fractions 197:205 arg1 II-2 235:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 41 dep fractions 197:205 arg1 fractions 197:205 Three major fractions 185:205 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP 185:253 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 41 dep fractions 197:205 arg1 I 213:213 CPHP I 208:213 CPHP I 208:213 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 5 42 theme cell 995:998 arg1 line 1000:1003 human hepatocyte cell line 978:1003 human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell) 978:1017 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 42 theme cell 995:998 arg1 cell 1013:1016 HL7702 cell 1006:1016 HL7702 cell 1006:1016 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 5 43 theme test 844:847 arg1 results 821:827 the results 817:827 the results of antioxidant test 817:847 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 2 44 theme radical 361:367 arg1 effects 369:375 scavenging radical effects 350:375 scavenging radical effects 350:375 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 5 45 theme CPHP 870:873 arg1 II-2 875:878 CPHP II-2 870:878 CPHP II-2 870:878 And the results of antioxidant test in vitro showed that CPHP II-2 could significantly increase (P<0.01) the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in human hepatocyte cell line (HL7702 cell), which indicating that CPHP II-2 possessed good hepatoprotective activity. 25841378 4 46 contain had 717:719 arg2 effects 741:747 a higher scavenging effects 721:747 a higher scavenging effects 721:747 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 4 46 contain had 717:719 arg1 I 701:701 CPHP I and CPHP II-1 696:715 I 701:701 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 4 46 contain had 717:719 arg1 II-1 712:715 CPHP I and CPHP II-1 696:715 II-1 712:715 Antioxidant activity determination suggested that CPHP I and CPHP II-1 had a higher scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical. 25841378 2 47 theme CPHP 230:233 arg1 II-2 235:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 CPHP II-2 230:238 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 47 theme CPHP 230:233 arg1 fractions 197:205 Three major fractions 185:205 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP 185:253 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25841378 2 48 theme scavenging 350:359 arg1 effects 369:375 scavenging radical effects 350:375 scavenging radical effects 350:375 Three major fractions (CPHP I, CPHP II-1 and CPHP II-2) from the CPHP were purified by column chromatography and investigated for their monosaccharide compositions, scavenging radical effects and hepatoprotective activities in vitro. 25090957 8 0 theme native 1040:1045 arg1 LTAs 1060:1063 native and modified LTAs 1040:1063 native and modified LTAs 1040:1063 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 11 1 theme immunomodulatory 1617:1632 arg1 potential 1634:1642 immunomodulatory potential 1617:1642 immunomodulatory potential 1617:1642 LTA dealanylation abrogated NO production independently of the glycolipid component, suggesting that immunomodulatory potential depends on D-alanine substitutions. 25090957 1 2 theme potential 166:174 arg1 strategy 176:183 a potential strategy 164:183 a potential strategy to influence the host's immune system thereby modulating immune response 164:256 Probiotics represent a potential strategy to influence the host's immune system thereby modulating immune response. 25090957 12 3 theme spatial 1706:1712 arg1 configuration 1714:1726 the spatial configuration 1702:1726 the spatial configuration of LTAs 1702:1734 D-alanine may control the spatial configuration of LTAs and their recognition by cell receptors. 25090957 5 4 from relationship 728:739 arg1 CH 812:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 4 from relationship 728:739 arg1 CU1 834:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 4 from relationship 728:739 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 4 from relationship 728:739 arg1 O/C 859:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 5 theme structure-activity 709:726 arg1 relationship 728:739 the structure-activity relationship 705:739 the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 705:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 10 6 theme NO 1403:1404 arg1 production 1406:1415 NO production 1403:1415 NO production 1403:1415 We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. 25090957 12 7 theme LTAs 1731:1734 arg1 recognition 1746:1756 their recognition 1740:1756 their recognition by cell receptors 1740:1774 D-alanine may control the spatial configuration of LTAs and their recognition by cell receptors. 25090957 12 7 theme LTAs 1731:1734 arg1 configuration 1714:1726 the spatial configuration 1702:1726 the spatial configuration of LTAs 1702:1734 D-alanine may control the spatial configuration of LTAs and their recognition by cell receptors. 25090957 0 8 theme D-alanine 103:111 arg1 involvement 88:98 involvement 88:98 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 0:141 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 0 9 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 strains 79:85 three probiotic Bacillus strains 54:85 three probiotic Bacillus strains 54:85 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 5 10 dep Bacillus 816:823 arg1 subtilis 825:832 subtilis 825:832 subtilis 825:832 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 11 11 theme NO 1544:1545 arg1 production 1547:1556 NO production 1544:1556 NO production 1544:1556 LTA dealanylation abrogated NO production independently of the glycolipid component, suggesting that immunomodulatory potential depends on D-alanine substitutions. 25090957 2 12 theme major 288:292 arg1 component 313:321 a major immune-stimulating component 286:321 a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes 286:353 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 2 12 theme major 288:292 arg1 Acid 272:275 Lipoteichoic Acid 259:275 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) 259:281 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 5 13 theme LTA 753:755 arg1 relationship 728:739 the structure-activity relationship 705:739 the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 705:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 4 14 theme mediators 644:652 arg1 secretion 618:626 secretion 618:626 secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO) 618:678 LTA is known to stimulate macrophages in vitro, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). 25090957 7 15 from pH 971:972 arg1 modification 932:943 Chemical modification 923:943 Chemical modification by means of hydrolysis at pH 8.5 923:976 Chemical modification by means of hydrolysis at pH 8.5 was performed to remove D-alanine. 25090957 11 16 theme LTA 1516:1518 arg1 dealanylation 1520:1532 LTA dealanylation 1516:1532 LTA dealanylation 1516:1532 LTA dealanylation abrogated NO production independently of the glycolipid component, suggesting that immunomodulatory potential depends on D-alanine substitutions. 25090957 3 17 theme glycerol-phosphate 487:504 arg1 chain 507:511 a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain 479:511 a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions 479:556 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 3 18 theme amphiphilic 361:371 arg1 polymer 373:379 This amphiphilic polymer 356:379 This amphiphilic polymer 356:379 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 9 19 theme D-alanylation 1314:1326 arg1 rates 1328:1332 their D-alanylation rates 1308:1332 their D-alanylation rates 1308:1332 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 10 20 theme weaker 1466:1471 arg1 production 1476:1485 weaker NO production 1466:1485 weaker NO production 1466:1485 We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. 25090957 3 21 theme poly 481:484 arg1 chain 507:511 a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain 479:511 a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions 479:556 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 8 22 theme RAW 1179:1181 arg1 macrophages 1189:1199 RAW 264.7 macrophages 1179:1199 RAW 264.7 macrophages 1179:1199 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 6 23 theme bacterial 890:898 arg1 cultures 900:907 bacterial cultures 890:907 bacterial cultures 890:907 LTAs were extracted from bacterial cultures and purified. 25090957 5 24 theme Bacillus 816:823 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 24 theme Bacillus 816:823 arg1 CU1 834:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 8 25 theme NO 1162:1163 arg1 production 1165:1174 NO production 1162:1174 NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages 1162:1199 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 3 26 theme cytoplasmic 398:408 arg1 membrane 410:417 the cytoplasmic membrane 394:417 the cytoplasmic membrane 394:417 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 8 27 theme inflammatory 1113:1124 arg1 potential 1126:1134 their inflammatory potential 1107:1134 their inflammatory potential 1107:1134 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 5 28 dep Bacillus 796:803 arg1 cereus 805:810 cereus 805:810 cereus 805:810 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 10 29 from subtilis 1433:1440 arg1 LTAs 1420:1423 LTAs 1420:1423 LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii 1420:1455 We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. 25090957 2 30 theme Gram-positive 326:338 arg1 envelopes 345:353 Gram-positive cell envelopes 326:353 Gram-positive cell envelopes 326:353 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 3 31 theme glycolipid 435:444 arg1 component 446:454 its glycolipid component 431:454 its glycolipid component 431:454 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 13 32 theme molecular 1790:1798 arg1 mechanisms 1800:1809 molecular mechanisms 1790:1809 molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics 1790:1861 Knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics is essential to optimize their use. 25090957 9 33 theme poly 1338:1341 arg1 length 1370:1375 poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1338:1375 poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1338:1375 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 3 34 with chain 507:511 arg1 D-alanine 518:526 D-alanine 518:526 D-alanine 518:526 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 3 34 with chain 507:511 arg1 substitutions 544:556 glycosyl substitutions 535:556 glycosyl substitutions 535:556 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 9 35 theme Structural 1202:1211 arg1 analysis 1213:1220 Structural analysis 1202:1220 Structural analysis 1202:1220 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 0 36 theme acid 33:36 arg1 structures 38:47 lipoteichoic acid structures 20:47 lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains 20:85 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 8 37 dep NMR 1088:1090 arg1 1 1084:1084 1 1084:1084 1 1084:1084 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 5 38 dep strains 787:793 arg1 CH 812:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 38 dep strains 787:793 arg1 O/C 859:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 38 dep strains 787:793 arg1 CU1 834:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 38 dep strains 787:793 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 8 39 theme molecular 1017:1025 arg1 structure 1027:1035 The molecular structure 1013:1035 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs 1013:1063 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 5 40 theme Bacillus 842:849 arg1 O/C 859:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 40 theme Bacillus 842:849 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 0 41 theme lipoteichoic 20:31 arg1 structures 38:47 lipoteichoic acid structures 20:47 lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains 20:85 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 9 42 theme glycerol-phosphate 1344:1361 arg1 length 1370:1375 poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1338:1375 poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1338:1375 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 0 43 theme biological 122:131 arg1 activity 133:140 their biological activity 116:140 their biological activity 116:140 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 0 44 from involvement 88:98 arg1 activity 133:140 their biological activity 116:140 their biological activity 116:140 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 2 45 theme immune-stimulating 294:311 arg1 component 313:321 a major immune-stimulating component 286:321 a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes 286:353 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 2 45 theme immune-stimulating 294:311 arg1 Acid 272:275 Lipoteichoic Acid 259:275 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) 259:281 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 1 46 theme immune 209:214 arg1 system 216:221 the host's immune system 198:221 the host's immune system 198:221 Probiotics represent a potential strategy to influence the host's immune system thereby modulating immune response. 25090957 5 47 theme Bacillus 796:803 arg1 CH 812:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 47 theme Bacillus 796:803 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 8 48 theme H 1086:1086 arg1 NMR 1088:1090 (1)H NMR 1083:1090 (1)H NMR 1083:1090 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 9 49 theme several 1231:1237 arg1 differences 1239:1249 several differences 1231:1249 several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1231:1375 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 4 50 theme Nitric 662:667 arg1 NO 676:677 NO 676:677 NO 676:677 LTA is known to stimulate macrophages in vitro, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). 25090957 4 50 theme Nitric 662:667 arg1 Oxide 669:673 Nitric Oxide 662:673 Nitric Oxide (NO) 662:678 LTA is known to stimulate macrophages in vitro, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). 25090957 0 51 theme structures 38:47 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 0:141 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 9 52 theme chain 1364:1368 arg1 length 1370:1375 poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1338:1375 poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length 1338:1375 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 10 53 theme NO 1473:1474 arg1 production 1476:1485 weaker NO production 1466:1485 weaker NO production 1466:1485 We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. 25090957 0 54 from strains 79:85 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 0:141 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 0 54 from strains 79:85 arg1 structures 38:47 lipoteichoic acid structures 20:47 lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains 20:85 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 13 55 theme mechanisms 1800:1809 arg1 Knowledge 1777:1785 Knowledge 1777:1785 Knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics 1777:1861 Knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics is essential to optimize their use. 25090957 0 56 theme probiotic 60:68 arg1 strains 79:85 three probiotic Bacillus strains 54:85 three probiotic Bacillus strains 54:85 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 5 57 theme purified 744:751 arg1 LTA 753:755 purified LTA 744:755 purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 744:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 58 theme Bacillus 778:785 arg1 CH 812:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 58 theme Bacillus 778:785 arg1 CU1 834:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 58 theme Bacillus 778:785 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 58 theme Bacillus 778:785 arg1 O/C 859:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 11 59 theme D-alanine 1655:1663 arg1 substitutions 1665:1677 D-alanine substitutions 1655:1677 D-alanine substitutions 1655:1677 LTA dealanylation abrogated NO production independently of the glycolipid component, suggesting that immunomodulatory potential depends on D-alanine substitutions. 25090957 12 60 theme cell 1761:1764 arg1 receptors 1766:1774 cell receptors 1761:1774 cell receptors 1761:1774 D-alanine may control the spatial configuration of LTAs and their recognition by cell receptors. 25090957 5 61 from strains 787:793 arg1 relationship 728:739 the structure-activity relationship 705:739 the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 705:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 61 from strains 787:793 arg1 LTA 753:755 purified LTA 744:755 purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 744:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 8 62 theme LTAs 1060:1063 arg1 structure 1027:1035 The molecular structure 1013:1035 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs 1013:1063 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 11 63 theme glycolipid 1579:1588 arg1 component 1590:1598 the glycolipid component 1575:1598 the glycolipid component 1575:1598 LTA dealanylation abrogated NO production independently of the glycolipid component, suggesting that immunomodulatory potential depends on D-alanine substitutions. 25090957 8 64 theme modified 1051:1058 arg1 LTAs 1060:1063 native and modified LTAs 1040:1063 native and modified LTAs 1040:1063 The molecular structure of native and modified LTAs was determined by (1)H NMR and GC-MS, and their inflammatory potential investigated by measuring NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25090957 7 65 theme Chemical 923:930 arg1 modification 932:943 Chemical modification 923:943 Chemical modification by means of hydrolysis at pH 8.5 923:976 Chemical modification by means of hydrolysis at pH 8.5 was performed to remove D-alanine. 25090957 0 66 dep Characterization 0:15 arg1 involvement 88:98 involvement 88:98 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 0:141 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 10 67 theme production 1406:1415 arg1 induction 1390:1398 induction 1390:1398 induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii 1390:1455 We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. 25090957 13 68 theme probiotics 1852:1861 arg1 abilities 1839:1847 the immunomodulatory abilities 1818:1847 the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics 1818:1861 Knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics is essential to optimize their use. 25090957 2 69 theme envelopes 345:353 arg1 component 313:321 a major immune-stimulating component 286:321 a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes 286:353 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 2 69 theme envelopes 345:353 arg1 Acid 272:275 Lipoteichoic Acid 259:275 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) 259:281 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 9 70 theme characterized 1269:1281 arg1 LTAs 1283:1286 the newly characterized LTAs 1259:1286 the newly characterized LTAs 1259:1286 Structural analysis revealed several differences between the newly characterized LTAs, mainly relating to their D-alanylation rates and poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain length. 25090957 2 71 theme cell 340:343 arg1 envelopes 345:353 Gram-positive cell envelopes 326:353 Gram-positive cell envelopes 326:353 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 1 72 theme immune 242:247 arg1 response 249:256 immune response 242:256 immune response 242:256 Probiotics represent a potential strategy to influence the host's immune system thereby modulating immune response. 25090957 5 73 theme probiotic 768:776 arg1 CH 812:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 Bacillus cereus CH 796:813 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 73 theme probiotic 768:776 arg1 CU1 834:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 Bacillus subtilis CU1 816:836 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 73 theme probiotic 768:776 arg1 strains 787:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains 762:793 three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C) 762:862 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 73 theme probiotic 768:776 arg1 O/C 859:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 Bacillus clausii O/C 842:861 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 5 74 dep Bacillus 842:849 arg1 clausii 851:857 clausii 851:857 clausii 851:857 This study investigates the structure-activity relationship of purified LTA from three probiotic Bacillus strains (Bacillus cereus CH, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Bacillus clausii O/C). 25090957 4 75 theme inflammatory 631:642 arg1 mediators 644:652 inflammatory mediators 631:652 inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO) 631:678 LTA is known to stimulate macrophages in vitro, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). 25090957 4 75 theme inflammatory 631:642 arg1 Oxide 669:673 Nitric Oxide 662:673 Nitric Oxide (NO) 662:678 LTA is known to stimulate macrophages in vitro, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators such as Nitric Oxide (NO). 25090957 0 76 theme Bacillus 70:77 arg1 strains 79:85 three probiotic Bacillus strains 54:85 three probiotic Bacillus strains 54:85 Characterization of lipoteichoic acid structures from three probiotic Bacillus strains: involvement of D-alanine in their biological activity. 25090957 2 77 theme Lipoteichoic 259:270 arg1 Acid 272:275 Lipoteichoic Acid 259:275 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) 259:281 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 2 77 theme Lipoteichoic 259:270 arg1 component 313:321 a major immune-stimulating component 286:321 a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes 286:353 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 2 77 theme Lipoteichoic 259:270 arg1 LTA 278:280 LTA 278:280 LTA 278:280 Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) is a major immune-stimulating component of Gram-positive cell envelopes. 25090957 13 78 theme immunomodulatory 1822:1837 arg1 abilities 1839:1847 the immunomodulatory abilities 1818:1847 the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics 1818:1861 Knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory abilities of probiotics is essential to optimize their use. 25090957 3 79 theme glycosyl 535:542 arg1 substitutions 544:556 glycosyl substitutions 535:556 glycosyl substitutions 535:556 This amphiphilic polymer, anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane by means of its glycolipid component, typically consists of a poly (glycerol-phosphate) chain with D-alanine and/or glycosyl substitutions. 25090957 10 80 from clausii 1449:1455 arg1 LTAs 1420:1423 LTAs 1420:1423 LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii 1420:1455 We observed induction of NO production by LTAs from B. subtilis and B. clausii, whereas weaker NO production was observed with B. cereus. 26857855 8 0 theme potential 1558:1566 arg1 applications 1568:1579 its potential applications 1554:1579 its potential applications in the prebiotics industry 1554:1606 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 4 1 theme ~90  782:785 arg1 ratio 810:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 1 theme ~90  782:785 arg1 capability 770:779 a notable transfructosylation capability 740:779 a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio) 740:815 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 8 2 from aculeatus 1519:1527 arg1 features 1463:1470 structural features 1452:1470 structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1452:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 2 from aculeatus 1519:1527 arg1 enzyme 1504:1509 a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme 1475:1509 a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1475:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 2 from aculeatus 1519:1527 arg1 sequence 1439:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 5 3 theme optimum 842:848 arg1 values 853:858 the pI and optimum pH values 831:858 values 853:858 In contrast, the pI and optimum pH values exhibited discrete differences, attributable to their glycosylation pattern. 26857855 8 4 theme FOS-forming 1492:1502 arg1 enzyme 1504:1509 a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme 1475:1509 a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1475:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 2 5 theme heat 409:412 arg1 treatment 414:422 heat treatment 409:422 heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L 409:445 This study sequenced and characterized a fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L. 26857855 4 6 theme identical 645:653 arg1 patterns 655:662 identical patterns 645:662 identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) 645:733 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 7 7 theme catalytic 1288:1296 arg1 residues 1298:1305 catalytic residues 1288:1305 catalytic residues 1288:1305 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 0 8 from Identification 0:13 arg1 aculeatus 107:115 Aspergillus aculeatus 95:115 Aspergillus aculeatus 95:115 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 7 9 theme hydrolase 1201:1209 arg1 family 1211:1216 the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1187:1226 the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1187:1226 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 8 10 theme first 1400:1404 arg1 report 1406:1411 the first report 1396:1411 the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1396:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 10 theme first 1400:1404 arg1 this 1388:1391 this 1388:1391 this 1388:1391 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 11 theme acid 1434:1437 arg1 sequence 1439:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 4 12 theme fructooligosaccharides 667:688 arg1 patterns 655:662 identical patterns 645:662 identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) 645:733 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 7 13 theme family 1211:1216 arg1 members 1176:1182 members 1176:1182 members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1176:1226 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 3 14 from 60 °C 576:580 arg1 activity 564:571 similar optimum activity 548:571 similar optimum activity at 60 °C 548:580 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 6 15 theme A. 1086:1087 arg1 aculeatus 1089:1097 A. aculeatus ATCC16872 1086:1107 A. aculeatus ATCC16872 1086:1107 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 4 16 theme transferase/hydrolase 788:808 arg1 ratio 810:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 16 theme transferase/hydrolase 788:808 arg1 capability 770:779 a notable transfructosylation capability 740:779 a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio) 740:815 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 5 17 theme glycosylation 914:926 arg1 pattern 928:934 their glycosylation pattern 908:934 their glycosylation pattern 908:934 In contrast, the pI and optimum pH values exhibited discrete differences, attributable to their glycosylation pattern. 26857855 4 18 theme notable 742:748 arg1 ratio 810:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 18 theme notable 742:748 arg1 capability 770:779 a notable transfructosylation capability 740:779 a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio) 740:815 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 1 19 theme prebiotics 222:231 arg1 industry 233:240 the prebiotics industry 218:240 the prebiotics industry 218:240 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 5 20 theme discrete 870:877 arg1 differences 879:889 discrete differences 870:889 discrete differences 870:889 In contrast, the pI and optimum pH values exhibited discrete differences, attributable to their glycosylation pattern. 26857855 6 21 theme AcFT 976:979 arg1 enzyme 981:986 AcFT enzyme 976:986 AcFT enzyme 976:986 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 7 22 theme glycoside 1191:1199 arg1 family 1211:1216 the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1187:1226 the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1187:1226 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 6 23 theme 654-residue 1028:1038 arg1 fructosyltransferase 1040:1059 a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase 1017:1059 a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872 1017:1107 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 6 23 theme 654-residue 1028:1038 arg1 Aspac1_37092 1003:1014 Aspac1_37092 1003:1014 Aspac1_37092 1003:1014 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 7 24 theme five-blade 1248:1257 arg1 domain 1271:1276 an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain 1234:1276 an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1234:1367 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 8 25 theme amino 1428:1432 arg1 sequence 1439:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 26 theme prebiotics 1588:1597 arg1 industry 1599:1606 the prebiotics industry 1584:1606 the prebiotics industry 1584:1606 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 2 27 theme SP-L 442:445 arg1 treatment 414:422 heat treatment 409:422 heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L 409:445 This study sequenced and characterized a fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L. 26857855 7 28 theme β-propeller 1259:1269 arg1 domain 1271:1276 an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain 1234:1276 an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1234:1367 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 4 29 theme AcFT2 621:625 arg1 isoforms 627:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 6 30 theme putative 1019:1026 arg1 fructosyltransferase 1040:1059 a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase 1017:1059 a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872 1017:1107 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 6 30 theme putative 1019:1026 arg1 Aspac1_37092 1003:1014 Aspac1_37092 1003:1014 Aspac1_37092 1003:1014 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 1 31 from aculeatus 166:174 arg1 fructosyltransferases 127:147 fructosyltransferases 127:147 fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus 127:174 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 2 32 theme Ultra 436:440 arg1 SP-L 442:445 Pectinex Ultra SP-L 427:445 Pectinex Ultra SP-L 427:445 This study sequenced and characterized a fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L. 26857855 5 33 theme attributable 892:903 arg1 differences 879:889 discrete differences 870:889 discrete differences 870:889 In contrast, the pI and optimum pH values exhibited discrete differences, attributable to their glycosylation pattern. 26857855 7 34 theme common 1166:1171 arg1 fold 1161:1164 the typical fold 1149:1164 the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1149:1226 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 2 35 theme A. 377:378 arg1 AcFT 391:394 AcFT 391:394 AcFT 391:394 This study sequenced and characterized a fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L. 26857855 2 35 theme A. 377:378 arg1 aculeatus 380:388 A. aculeatus 377:388 A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L 377:445 This study sequenced and characterized a fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L. 26857855 3 36 theme AcFT2 530:534 arg1 isoforms 475:482 two isoforms 471:482 two isoforms 471:482 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 3 36 theme AcFT2 530:534 arg1 forms 536:540 high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms 512:540 high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms 512:540 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 0 37 theme Functional 19:28 arg1 Characterization 30:45 Functional Characterization 19:45 Functional Characterization 19:45 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 4 38 dep fructooligosaccharides 667:688 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 667:688 fructooligosaccharides 667:688 fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) 667:733 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 38 dep fructooligosaccharides 667:688 arg1 FOS 691:693 FOS 691:693 FOS 691:693 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 38 dep fructooligosaccharides 667:688 arg1 fructosylnystose 717:732 fructosylnystose 717:732 fructosylnystose 717:732 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 38 dep fructooligosaccharides 667:688 arg1 nystose 705:711 nystose 705:711 nystose 705:711 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 38 dep fructooligosaccharides 667:688 arg1 kestose 696:702 kestose 696:702 kestose 696:702 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 1 39 theme Aspergillus 154:164 arg1 aculeatus 166:174 Aspergillus aculeatus 154:174 Aspergillus aculeatus 154:174 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 1 40 theme acid 255:258 arg1 sequences 260:268 their amino acid sequences 243:268 their amino acid sequences 243:268 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 5 41 theme pH 850:851 arg1 values 853:858 the pI and optimum pH values 831:858 values 853:858 In contrast, the pI and optimum pH values exhibited discrete differences, attributable to their glycosylation pattern. 26857855 4 42 theme % 786:786 arg1 ratio 810:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 42 theme % 786:786 arg1 capability 770:779 a notable transfructosylation capability 740:779 a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio) 740:815 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 7 43 theme typical 1153:1159 arg1 fold 1161:1164 the typical fold 1149:1164 the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32) 1149:1226 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 0 44 from aculeatus 107:115 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 0 44 from aculeatus 107:115 arg1 Characterization 30:45 Functional Characterization 19:45 Functional Characterization 19:45 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 0 44 from aculeatus 107:115 arg1 Enzyme 83:88 a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme 50:88 a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus 50:115 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 8 45 theme structural 1452:1461 arg1 features 1463:1470 structural features 1452:1470 structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1452:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 46 from features 1463:1470 arg1 aculeatus 1519:1527 A. aculeatus 1516:1527 A. aculeatus 1516:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 3 47 theme low-glycosylated 485:500 arg1 isoforms 475:482 two isoforms 471:482 two isoforms 471:482 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 3 47 theme low-glycosylated 485:500 arg1 AcFT1 502:506 low-glycosylated AcFT1 485:506 low-glycosylated AcFT1 485:506 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 4 48 theme purified 587:594 arg1 isoforms 627:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 6 49 theme protein 945:951 arg1 sequencing 953:962 Partial protein sequencing 937:962 Partial protein sequencing 937:962 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 8 50 from applications 1568:1579 arg1 industry 1599:1606 the prebiotics industry 1584:1606 the prebiotics industry 1584:1606 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 51 theme A. 1516:1517 arg1 aculeatus 1519:1527 A. aculeatus 1516:1527 A. aculeatus 1516:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 3 52 theme high-glycosylated 512:528 arg1 isoforms 475:482 two isoforms 471:482 two isoforms 471:482 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 3 52 theme high-glycosylated 512:528 arg1 forms 536:540 high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms 512:540 high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms 512:540 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 0 53 theme Enzyme 83:88 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 0 53 theme Enzyme 83:88 arg1 Characterization 30:45 Functional Characterization 19:45 Functional Characterization 19:45 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 3 54 with isoforms 475:482 arg1 activity 564:571 similar optimum activity 548:571 similar optimum activity at 60 °C 548:580 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 6 55 theme Partial 937:943 arg1 sequencing 953:962 Partial protein sequencing 937:962 Partial protein sequencing 937:962 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 3 56 gly high-glycosylated 512:528 arg1 isoforms 475:482 two isoforms 471:482 two isoforms 471:482 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 3 56 gly high-glycosylated 512:528 arg1 forms 536:540 high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms 512:540 high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms 512:540 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 3 57 theme similar 548:554 arg1 activity 564:571 similar optimum activity 548:571 similar optimum activity at 60 °C 548:580 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 0 58 theme Fructooligosaccharides-Forming 52:81 arg1 Enzyme 83:88 a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme 50:88 a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus 50:115 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 4 59 theme AcFT1 611:615 arg1 isoforms 627:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 7 60 attach linked 1328:1333 arg1 domain 1362:1367 a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1338:1367 a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1338:1367 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 7 60 attach linked 1328:1333 arg2 residues 1298:1305 catalytic residues 1288:1305 catalytic residues 1288:1305 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 6 61 theme aculeatus 1089:1097 arg1 genome 1076:1081 the genome 1072:1081 the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872 1072:1107 Partial protein sequencing showed that AcFT enzyme corresponds to Aspac1_37092, a putative 654-residue fructosyltransferase encoded in the genome of A. aculeatus ATCC16872. 26857855 7 62 theme C-terminal 1340:1349 arg1 domain 1362:1367 a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1338:1367 a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1338:1367 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 3 63 theme optimum 556:562 arg1 activity 564:571 similar optimum activity 548:571 similar optimum activity at 60 °C 548:580 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 4 64 theme heat-resistant 596:609 arg1 isoforms 627:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms 583:634 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 7 65 theme AcFT 1130:1133 arg1 model 1121:1125 A homology model 1110:1125 A homology model of AcFT 1110:1133 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 1 66 theme considerable 192:203 arg1 interest 205:212 a considerable interest 190:212 a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry 190:240 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 8 67 theme heat-resistant 1477:1490 arg1 enzyme 1504:1509 a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme 1475:1509 a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1475:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 7 68 theme homology 1112:1119 arg1 model 1121:1125 A homology model 1110:1125 A homology model of AcFT 1110:1133 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 1 69 theme structural 274:283 arg1 features 285:292 structural features 274:292 structural features 274:292 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 7 70 dep residues 1298:1305 arg1 D60 1307:1309 D60 1307:1309 D60 1307:1309 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 7 71 theme β-sandwich 1351:1360 arg1 domain 1362:1367 a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1338:1367 a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1338:1367 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 3 72 gly low-glycosylated 485:500 arg1 isoforms 475:482 two isoforms 471:482 two isoforms 471:482 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 3 72 gly low-glycosylated 485:500 arg1 AcFT1 502:506 low-glycosylated AcFT1 485:506 low-glycosylated AcFT1 485:506 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 0 73 theme Aspergillus 95:105 arg1 aculeatus 107:115 Aspergillus aculeatus 95:115 Aspergillus aculeatus 95:115 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 8 74 theme enzyme 1504:1509 arg1 features 1463:1470 structural features 1452:1470 structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus 1452:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 8 74 theme enzyme 1504:1509 arg1 sequence 1439:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 the amino acid sequence 1424:1446 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 26857855 1 75 theme amino 249:253 arg1 sequences 260:268 their amino acid sequences 243:268 their amino acid sequences 243:268 Although fructosyltransferases from Aspergillus aculeatus have received a considerable interest for the prebiotics industry, their amino acid sequences and structural features remain unknown. 26857855 2 76 theme Pectinex 427:434 arg1 SP-L 442:445 Pectinex Ultra SP-L 427:445 Pectinex Ultra SP-L 427:445 This study sequenced and characterized a fructosyltransferase from A. aculeatus (AcFT) isolated by heat treatment of Pectinex Ultra SP-L. 26857855 3 77 theme AcFT 452:455 arg1 enzyme 457:462 The AcFT enzyme 448:462 The AcFT enzyme 448:462 The AcFT enzyme showed two isoforms, low-glycosylated AcFT1 and high-glycosylated AcFT2 forms, with similar optimum activity at 60 °C. 26857855 0 78 from Characterization 30:45 arg1 aculeatus 107:115 Aspergillus aculeatus 95:115 Aspergillus aculeatus 95:115 Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. 26857855 7 79 theme N-terminal 1237:1246 arg1 domain 1271:1276 an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain 1234:1276 an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain 1234:1367 A homology model of AcFT also revealed the typical fold common to members of the glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), with an N-terminal five-blade β-propeller domain enclosing catalytic residues D60, D191, and E292, linked to a C-terminal β-sandwich domain. 26857855 4 80 theme transfructosylation 750:768 arg1 ratio 810:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 ~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio 782:814 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 4 80 theme transfructosylation 750:768 arg1 capability 770:779 a notable transfructosylation capability 740:779 a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio) 740:815 The purified heat-resistant AcFT1 and AcFT2 isoforms produced identical patterns of fructooligosaccharides (FOS; kestose, nystose and fructosylnystose) with a notable transfructosylation capability (~90 % transferase/hydrolase ratio). 26857855 8 81 from sequence 1439:1446 arg1 aculeatus 1519:1527 A. aculeatus 1516:1527 A. aculeatus 1516:1527 To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the amino acid sequence and structural features of a heat-resistant FOS-forming enzyme from A. aculeatus, providing insights into its potential applications in the prebiotics industry. 25766612 3 0 theme surface 566:572 arg1 membrane 574:581 the cell surface membrane 557:581 the cell surface membrane 557:581 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 6 1 theme fixed 1075:1079 arg1 virus 1081:1085 fixed virus 1075:1085 fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses 1075:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 2 theme virus 1081:1085 arg1 evolution 1062:1070 the evolution 1058:1070 the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses 1058:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 3 3 gly N-glycosylation 433:447 arg1 protein 466:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 2 4 theme perinuclear 387:397 arg1 space 399:403 perinuclear space 387:403 perinuclear space 387:403 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 1 5 theme cell 272:275 arg1 membrane 277:284 the cell membrane 268:284 the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 268:319 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 6 6 theme association 907:917 arg1 study 894:898 Our study 890:898 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane 890:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 7 with association 907:917 arg1 transport 965:973 the transport 961:973 the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane 961:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 1 8 dep virus 188:192 arg1 strain 207:212 Kyoto strain 201:212 the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain 177:212 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 0 9 theme Surface 87:93 arg1 Membrane 95:102 Cell Surface Membrane 82:102 Cell Surface Membrane 82:102 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 4 10 theme M 721:721 arg1 protein 723:729 M protein 721:729 M protein 721:729 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 1 11 located detected 219:226 arg2 proteins 165:172 G proteins 163:172 G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain 163:212 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 1 11 located detected 219:226 arg1 study 156:160 this study 151:160 this study 151:160 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 1 11 located detected 219:226 arg1 cytoplasm 235:243 the cytoplasm 231:243 the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 231:319 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 1 12 theme Kyoto 201:205 arg1 strain 207:212 Kyoto strain 201:212 the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain 177:212 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 0 13 theme Cell 82:85 arg1 Membrane 95:102 Cell Surface Membrane 82:102 Cell Surface Membrane 82:102 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 3 14 theme street 452:457 arg1 protein 466:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 0 15 dep Membrane 95:102 arg1 the 78:80 the 78:80 the 78:80 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 6 16 theme immune 1201:1206 arg1 responses 1208:1216 enhanced host immune responses 1187:1216 enhanced host immune responses 1187:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 17 theme G 934:934 arg1 protein 936:942 G protein 934:942 G protein 934:942 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 1 18 theme mouse 289:293 arg1 cells 315:319 mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 289:319 mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 289:319 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 4 19 from membrane 619:626 arg1 budding 595:601 Fixed RABV budding 584:601 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane 584:626 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 5 20 from features 844:851 arg1 viruses 881:887 fixed viruses 875:887 fixed viruses 875:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 5 20 from features 844:851 arg1 street 864:869 street 864:869 street 864:869 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 2 21 theme cells 412:416 arg1 membrane 374:381 the cell membrane 365:381 the cell membrane 365:381 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 2 21 theme cells 412:416 arg1 space 399:403 perinuclear space 387:403 perinuclear space 387:403 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 1 22 theme neuroblastoma 295:307 arg1 cells 315:319 mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 289:319 mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 289:319 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 6 23 theme protein 936:942 arg1 N-glycan 922:929 N-glycan 922:929 N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) 922:954 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 5 24 theme G 774:774 arg1 protein 776:782 G protein 774:782 G protein 774:782 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 4 25 theme structural 693:702 arg1 protein 723:729 M protein 721:729 M protein 721:729 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 4 25 theme structural 693:702 arg1 proteins 704:711 other structural proteins 687:711 other structural proteins such as M protein 687:729 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 5 26 from viruses 881:887 arg1 features 844:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features 809:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses 809:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 3 27 theme protein 466:472 arg1 N-glycosylation 433:447 N-glycosylation 433:447 N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) 433:512 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 6 28 theme street 1092:1097 arg1 virus 1099:1103 street virus 1092:1103 street virus 1092:1103 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 29 theme protein 985:991 arg1 transport 965:973 the transport 961:973 the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane 961:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 4 30 theme other 687:691 arg1 protein 723:729 M protein 721:729 M protein 721:729 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 4 30 theme other 687:691 arg1 proteins 704:711 other structural proteins 687:711 other structural proteins such as M protein 687:729 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 5 31 theme protein 776:782 arg1 N-glycosylation 755:769 the differing N-glycosylation 741:769 the differing N-glycosylation of G protein 741:782 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 0 32 theme G 25:25 arg1 Proteins 27:34 RABV G Proteins 20:34 RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204) 20:145 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 5 33 theme antigenic 834:842 arg1 features 844:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features 809:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses 809:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 2 34 located detected 348:355 arg2 proteins 324:331 G proteins 322:331 G proteins of CVS-26 322:341 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 2 34 located detected 348:355 arg1 membrane 374:381 the cell membrane 365:381 the cell membrane 365:381 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 2 34 located detected 348:355 arg1 space 399:403 perinuclear space 387:403 perinuclear space 387:403 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 3 35 theme RABV 459:462 arg1 protein 466:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 5 36 from street 864:869 arg1 features 844:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features 809:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses 809:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 2 37 theme CVS-26 336:341 arg1 proteins 324:331 G proteins 322:331 G proteins of CVS-26 322:341 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 0 38 theme RABV 20:23 arg1 Proteins 27:34 RABV G Proteins 20:34 RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204) 20:145 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 1 39 theme MNA 310:312 arg1 cells 315:319 mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 289:319 mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 289:319 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 3 40 theme G 464:464 arg1 protein 466:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 street RABV G protein 452:472 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 1 41 theme G 163:163 arg1 proteins 165:172 G proteins 163:172 G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain 163:212 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 6 42 theme host 1196:1199 arg1 responses 1208:1216 enhanced host immune responses 1187:1216 enhanced host immune responses 1187:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 43 theme RABV 1170:1173 arg1 budding 1175:1181 RABV budding 1170:1181 RABV budding 1170:1181 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 0 44 theme Sequon 131:136 arg1 204 142:144 204 142:144 204 142:144 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 0 44 theme Sequon 131:136 arg1 Asn 138:140 the Sequon Asn 127:140 the Sequon Asn(204) 127:145 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 4 45 theme G 665:665 arg1 protein 667:673 G protein 665:673 G protein 665:673 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 5 46 from RABV 856:859 arg1 viruses 881:887 fixed viruses 875:887 fixed viruses 875:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 5 46 from RABV 856:859 arg1 street 864:869 street 864:869 street 864:869 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 6 47 theme enhanced 1187:1194 arg1 responses 1208:1216 enhanced host immune responses 1187:1216 enhanced host immune responses 1187:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 5 48 gly N-glycosylation 755:769 arg1 protein 776:782 G protein 774:782 G protein 774:782 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 1 49 theme cells 315:319 arg1 membrane 277:284 the cell membrane 268:284 the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells 268:319 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 5 50 theme RABV 856:859 arg1 features 844:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features 809:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses 809:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 2 51 theme G 322:322 arg1 proteins 324:331 G proteins 322:331 G proteins of CVS-26 322:341 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 2 52 theme cell 369:372 arg1 membrane 374:381 the cell membrane 365:381 the cell membrane 365:381 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 6 53 theme surface 1005:1011 arg1 membrane 1013:1020 the cell surface membrane 996:1020 the cell surface membrane 996:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 0 54 gly N-Glycosylation 108:122 arg1 204 142:144 204 142:144 204 142:144 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 0 54 gly N-Glycosylation 108:122 arg1 Asn 138:140 the Sequon Asn 127:140 the Sequon Asn(204) 127:145 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 6 55 from virus 1099:1103 arg1 evolution 1062:1070 the evolution 1058:1070 the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses 1058:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 55 from virus 1099:1103 arg1 virus 1081:1085 fixed virus 1075:1085 fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses 1075:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 0 56 theme Asn 138:140 arg1 N-Glycosylation 108:122 N-Glycosylation 108:122 N-Glycosylation 108:122 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 0 56 theme Asn 138:140 arg1 Membrane 95:102 Cell Surface Membrane 82:102 Cell Surface Membrane 82:102 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 3 57 theme G 543:543 arg1 proteins 545:552 RABV G proteins 538:552 RABV G proteins 538:552 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 5 58 theme fixed 875:879 arg1 viruses 881:887 fixed viruses 875:887 fixed viruses 875:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 6 59 from Asn 947:949 arg1 N-glycan 922:929 N-glycan 922:929 N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) 922:954 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 59 from Asn 947:949 arg1 association 907:917 the association 903:917 the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane 903:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 5 60 theme differing 745:753 arg1 N-glycosylation 755:769 the differing N-glycosylation 741:769 the differing N-glycosylation of G protein 741:782 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 6 61 theme cell 1000:1003 arg1 membrane 1013:1020 the cell surface membrane 996:1020 the cell surface membrane 996:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 62 theme G 983:983 arg1 protein 985:991 RABV G protein 978:991 RABV G protein 978:991 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 3 63 theme proteins 545:552 arg1 transfer 526:533 the transfer 522:533 the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane 522:581 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 5 64 theme budding 822:828 arg1 features 844:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features 809:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses 809:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 4 65 theme RABV 590:593 arg1 budding 595:601 Fixed RABV budding 584:601 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane 584:626 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 4 66 theme plasma 612:617 arg1 membrane 619:626 the plasma membrane 608:626 the plasma membrane 608:626 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 6 67 from evolution 1062:1070 arg1 virus 1099:1103 street virus 1092:1103 street virus 1092:1103 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 5 68 theme distinct 813:820 arg1 features 844:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features 809:851 the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses 809:887 However, the differing N-glycosylation of G protein could be associated with the distinct budding and antigenic features of RABV in street and fixed viruses. 25766612 6 69 theme RABV 978:981 arg1 protein 985:991 RABV G protein 978:991 RABV G protein 978:991 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 4 70 theme Fixed 584:588 arg1 budding 595:601 Fixed RABV budding 584:601 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane 584:626 Fixed RABV budding from the plasma membrane has been found to depend not only on G protein but also on other structural proteins such as M protein. 25766612 1 71 theme rabies 181:186 arg1 virus 188:192 rabies virus 181:192 the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain 177:212 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 1 71 theme rabies 181:186 arg1 RABV 195:198 RABV 195:198 RABV 195:198 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 2 72 theme MNA 408:410 arg1 cells 412:416 MNA cells 408:416 MNA cells 408:416 G proteins of CVS-26 were detected in both the cell membrane and perinuclear space of MNA cells. 25766612 3 73 theme RABV 538:541 arg1 proteins 545:552 RABV G proteins 538:552 RABV G proteins 538:552 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 3 74 theme sequon 498:503 arg1 Asn 505:507 the sequon Asn 494:507 the sequon Asn(204) 494:512 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 3 74 theme sequon 498:503 arg1 204 509:511 204 509:511 204 509:511 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 6 75 from association 907:917 arg1 204 951:953 204 951:953 204 951:953 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 75 from association 907:917 arg1 Asn 947:949 Asn 947:949 Asn(204) 947:954 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 1 76 theme virus 188:192 arg1 proteins 165:172 G proteins 163:172 G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain 163:212 In this study, G proteins of the rabies virus (RABV) Kyoto strain were detected in the cytoplasm but not distributed at the cell membrane of mouse neuroblastoma (MNA) cells. 25766612 0 77 theme Perinuclear 57:67 arg1 Space 69:73 the Perinuclear Space 53:73 the Perinuclear Space 53:73 Association between RABV G Proteins Transported from the Perinuclear Space to the Cell Surface Membrane and N-Glycosylation of the Sequon Asn(204). 25766612 3 78 theme cell 561:564 arg1 membrane 574:581 the cell surface membrane 557:581 the cell surface membrane 557:581 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 3 79 theme Asn 505:507 arg1 insertion 481:489 the insertion 477:489 the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) 477:512 We found that N-glycosylation of street RABV G protein by the insertion of the sequon Asn(204) induced the transfer of RABV G proteins to the cell surface membrane. 25766612 6 80 theme N-glycan 922:929 arg1 association 907:917 the association 903:917 the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane 903:1020 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 25766612 6 81 theme evolution 1062:1070 arg1 understanding 1041:1053 the understanding 1037:1053 the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses 1037:1216 Our study of the association of N-glycan of G protein at Asn(204) with the transport of RABV G protein to the cell surface membrane contributes to the understanding of the evolution of fixed virus from street virus, which in turn would help for determine the mechanism underlying RABV budding and enhanced host immune responses. 27178962 2 0 theme crystalline 524:534 arg1 core 536:539 an impermeable crystalline core 509:539 an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 509:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 1 dep creation 608:615 arg1 form 700:703 form 700:703 to form cellulose ribbons 697:721 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 1 dep creation 608:615 arg1 ii 600:601 ii 600:601 ii 600:601 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 2 theme network 629:635 arg1 existence 462:470 the existence 458:470 : (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 452:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 2 theme network 629:635 arg1 behaviour 750:758 the differential behaviour 733:758 (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 727:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 2 theme network 629:635 arg1 creation 608:615 the creation 604:615 (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons 599:721 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 3 theme impermeable 512:522 arg1 core 536:539 an impermeable crystalline core 509:539 an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 509:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 4 theme strong 622:627 arg1 network 629:635 a strong network 620:635 a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding 620:695 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 5 theme composite 1062:1070 arg1 hydrogels 1072:1080 selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1029:1080 selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1029:1080 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 2 6 theme hydrated 567:574 arg1 shell 592:596 a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 555:596 a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 555:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 7 theme hydrogen 680:687 arg1 bonding 689:695 hydrogen bonding 680:695 hydrogen bonding 680:695 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 8 theme native 321:326 arg1 hydrogels 338:346 native cellulose hydrogels 321:346 native cellulose hydrogels 321:346 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 9 theme Deuterium 833:841 arg1 labelling 843:851 Deuterium labelling 833:851 Deuterium labelling 833:851 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 3 10 theme deuterated 1041:1050 arg1 hydrogels 1072:1080 selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1029:1080 selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1029:1080 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 3 11 theme effective 865:873 arg1 platform 875:882 an effective platform 862:882 an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 862:1080 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 3 12 theme different 928:936 arg1 polysaccharides 954:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 2 13 theme essential 381:389 arg1 role 391:394 the essential role 377:394 the essential role 377:394 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 14 theme cellulose 1052:1060 arg1 hydrogels 1072:1080 selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1029:1080 selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1029:1080 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 2 15 theme water 777:781 arg1 existence 462:470 the existence 458:470 : (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 452:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 15 theme water 777:781 arg1 behaviour 750:758 the differential behaviour 733:758 (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 727:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 15 theme water 777:781 arg1 creation 608:615 the creation 604:615 (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons 599:721 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 1 16 theme multi-technique 175:189 arg1 approach 191:198 a multi-technique approach 173:198 a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy 173:277 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels has been investigated using a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy. 27178962 2 17 theme microfibrils 650:661 arg1 network 629:635 a strong network 620:635 a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding 620:695 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 18 theme multi-scale 296:306 arg1 structure 308:316 the multi-scale structure 292:316 the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels 292:346 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 19 theme bound 771:775 arg1 water 777:781 tightly bound water 763:781 tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 763:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 20 theme cellulose 640:648 arg1 microfibrils 650:661 cellulose microfibrils 640:661 cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding 640:695 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 21 theme cellulose 705:713 arg1 ribbons 715:721 cellulose ribbons 705:721 cellulose ribbons 705:721 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 22 dep behaviour 750:758 arg1 iii 728:730 iii 728:730 iii 728:730 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 23 theme structural 418:427 arg1 levels 429:434 different structural levels 408:434 different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 408:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 0 24 theme Multi-scale 0:10 arg1 model 12:16 Multi-scale model 0:16 Multi-scale model for the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose 0:70 Multi-scale model for the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose hydrogels. 27178962 2 25 dep existence 462:470 arg1 i 455:455 i 455:455 i 455:455 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 26 contain containing 498:507 arg1 microfibrils 485:496 cellulose microfibrils 475:496 cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 475:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 26 contain containing 498:507 arg2 core 536:539 an impermeable crystalline core 509:539 an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 509:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 27 theme polysaccharides 954:968 arg1 role 920:923 the role 916:923 the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation 916:1001 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 1 28 theme small-angle 210:220 arg1 scattering 222:231 small-angle scattering 210:231 small-angle scattering 210:231 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels has been investigated using a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy. 27178962 1 29 theme protiated 100:108 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 100:143 protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 100:143 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels has been investigated using a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy. 27178962 2 30 theme cellulose 328:336 arg1 hydrogels 338:346 native cellulose hydrogels 321:346 native cellulose hydrogels 321:346 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 31 theme cell 944:947 arg1 polysaccharides 954:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 3 32 theme plant 938:942 arg1 polysaccharides 954:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 2 33 theme different 408:416 arg1 levels 429:434 different structural levels 408:434 different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 408:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 0 34 theme hierarchical 26:37 arg1 architecture 39:50 the hierarchical architecture 22:50 the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose 22:70 Multi-scale model for the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose hydrogels. 27178962 2 35 theme paracrystalline 576:590 arg1 shell 592:596 a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 555:596 a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 555:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 36 theme microfibrils 485:496 arg1 existence 462:470 the existence 458:470 : (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 452:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 36 theme microfibrils 485:496 arg1 behaviour 750:758 the differential behaviour 733:758 (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 727:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 2 36 theme microfibrils 485:496 arg1 creation 608:615 the creation 604:615 (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons 599:721 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 0 37 theme cellulose 62:70 arg1 architecture 39:50 the hierarchical architecture 22:50 the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose 22:70 Multi-scale model for the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose hydrogels. 27178962 1 38 theme deuterated 114:123 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 100:143 protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 100:143 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels has been investigated using a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy. 27178962 2 39 theme cellulose 475:483 arg1 microfibrils 485:496 cellulose microfibrils 475:496 cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell 475:596 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 40 theme cellulose 973:981 arg1 formation 993:1001 cellulose composite formation 973:1001 cellulose composite formation 973:1001 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 1 41 theme cellulose 125:133 arg1 hydrogels 135:143 protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 100:143 protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 100:143 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels has been investigated using a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy. 27178962 3 42 from role 920:923 arg1 formation 993:1001 cellulose composite formation 973:1001 cellulose composite formation 973:1001 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 3 43 theme composite 983:991 arg1 formation 993:1001 cellulose composite formation 973:1001 cellulose composite formation 973:1001 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 1 44 theme hydrogels 135:143 arg1 structure 87:95 The structure 83:95 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels 83:143 The structure of protiated and deuterated cellulose hydrogels has been investigated using a multi-technique approach combining small-angle scattering with diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy. 27178962 2 45 theme hydrogels 338:346 arg1 structure 308:316 the multi-scale structure 292:316 the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels 292:346 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 46 theme wall 949:952 arg1 polysaccharides 954:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 different plant cell wall polysaccharides 928:968 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 2 47 theme bulk 819:822 arg1 solvent 824:830 bulk solvent 819:830 bulk solvent 819:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 27178962 3 48 theme hydrogels 1072:1080 arg1 production 1015:1024 the production 1011:1024 the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels 1011:1080 Deuterium labelling provides an effective platform on which to further investigate the role of different plant cell wall polysaccharides in cellulose composite formation through the production of selectively deuterated cellulose composite hydrogels. 27178962 0 49 theme native 55:60 arg1 cellulose 62:70 native cellulose 55:70 native cellulose 55:70 Multi-scale model for the hierarchical architecture of native cellulose hydrogels. 27178962 2 50 theme differential 737:748 arg1 behaviour 750:758 the differential behaviour 733:758 (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent 727:830 A model for the multi-scale structure of native cellulose hydrogels is proposed which highlights the essential role of water at different structural levels characterised by: (i) the existence of cellulose microfibrils containing an impermeable crystalline core surrounded by a partially hydrated paracrystalline shell, (ii) the creation of a strong network of cellulose microfibrils held together by hydrogen bonding to form cellulose ribbons and (iii) the differential behaviour of tightly bound water held within the ribbons compared to bulk solvent. 24761643 4 0 theme PMP 463:465 arg1 derivatives 467:477 PMP derivatives 463:477 The PMP derivatives elution 459:485 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 1 1 theme monosaccharides 267:281 arg1 kinds 258:262 6 kinds 256:262 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously 256:296 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 6 2 theme 0.032 916:920 arg1 ratio 907:911 the molar ratio 897:911 the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046 897:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 4 3 theme L 529:529 arg1 buffer 545:550 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer 519:550 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6 519:556 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 0 4 from [Analysis 0:8 arg1 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 44:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 0 4 from [Analysis 0:8 arg1 exopleura 65:73 exopleura 65:73 exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 65:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 1 5 with derivatization 156:169 arg1 PMP 209:211 PMP 209:211 PMP 209:211 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 1 5 with derivatization 156:169 arg1 -pyrazolone 196:206 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone 176:206 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) 176:212 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 0 6 from exopleura 65:73 arg1 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 44:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 0 6 from exopleura 65:73 arg1 [Analysis 0:8 [Analysis 0:8 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 0:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 2 7 theme HC-C18 317:322 arg1 column 324:329 A special Agilent HC-C18 column 299:329 A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4 299:332 A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4. 24761643 1 8 theme pre-column 145:154 arg1 derivatization 156:169 pre-column derivatization 145:169 pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) 145:212 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 2 9 theme Agilent 309:315 arg1 column 324:329 A special Agilent HC-C18 column 299:329 A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4 299:332 A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4. 24761643 5 10 theme mL 620:621 arg1 rate 610:613 a flow rate 603:613 a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1) 603:631 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 2 11 theme special 301:307 arg1 column 324:329 A special Agilent HC-C18 column 299:329 A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4 299:332 A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4. 24761643 6 12 from exopleura 742:750 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 781:801 acidic heteropolysaccharides 774:801 acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046 774:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 12 from exopleura 742:750 arg1 polysaccharides 721:735 the polysaccharides 717:735 the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 717:767 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 13 theme molar 901:905 arg1 ratio 907:911 the molar ratio 897:911 the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046 897:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 5 14 from 8 559:559 arg1 ratio 584:588 a ratio 582:588 a ratio of 84 582:594 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 0 15 theme compositions 28:39 arg1 [Analysis 0:8 [Analysis 0:8 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 0:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 3 16 dep mm 337:338 arg1 microm 352:357 5 microm 350:357 5 microm 350:357 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 1 17 theme high-performance 96:111 arg1 chromatography 120:133 A high-performance liquid chromatography 94:133 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) 94:212 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 0 18 theme monosaccharide 13:26 arg1 compositions 28:39 monosaccharide compositions 13:39 monosaccharide compositions 13:39 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 4 19 theme x 527:527 arg1 -1 531:532 -1 531:532 -1 531:532 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 4 19 theme x 527:527 arg1 L 529:529 0.1 mol x L 519:529 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6 519:556 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 1 20 theme liquid 113:118 arg1 chromatography 120:133 A high-performance liquid chromatography 94:133 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) 94:212 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 3 21 theme PMP 393:395 arg1 derivatives 397:407 PMP derivatives 393:407 PMP derivatives 393:407 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 4 22 theme mol 523:525 arg1 -1 531:532 -1 531:532 -1 531:532 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 4 22 theme mol 523:525 arg1 L 529:529 0.1 mol x L 519:529 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6 519:556 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 3 23 theme ambient 422:428 arg1 temperature 430:440 ambient temperature 422:440 ambient temperature of 40 degrees C 422:456 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 3 24 theme derivatives 397:407 arg1 separation 379:388 the separation 375:388 the separation of PMP derivatives 375:407 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 5 25 theme flow 605:608 arg1 rate 610:613 a flow rate 603:613 a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1) 603:631 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 5 26 from rate 610:613 arg1 16 597:598 16 597:598 16 597:598 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg2 galactose 870:878 galactose 870:878 galactose 870:878 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg2 mannose 821:827 mannose 821:827 mannose 821:827 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg2 rhamnose 830:837 rhamnose 830:837 rhamnose 830:837 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg1 polysaccharides 721:735 the polysaccharides 717:735 the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 717:767 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg2 acid 855:858 D-galacturonic acid 840:858 D-galacturonic acid 840:858 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg2 arabinose 881:889 arabinose 881:889 arabinose 881:889 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg2 glucose 861:867 glucose 861:867 glucose 861:867 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 27 contain containing 810:819 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 781:801 acidic heteropolysaccharides 774:801 acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046 774:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 28 theme acidic 774:779 arg1 polysaccharides 721:735 the polysaccharides 717:735 the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 717:767 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 28 theme acidic 774:779 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 781:801 acidic heteropolysaccharides 774:801 acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046 774:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 29 with mannose 821:827 arg1 ratio 907:911 the molar ratio 897:911 the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046 897:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 1 30 theme chromatography 120:133 arg1 method 135:140 A high-performance liquid chromatography method 94:140 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) 94:212 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 5 31 theme UV 638:639 arg1 absorbance 641:650 UV absorbance 638:650 UV absorbance of the effluent 638:666 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 6 32 theme Ginkgo 755:760 arg1 biloba 762:767 Ginkgo biloba 755:767 Ginkgo biloba 755:767 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 33 theme biloba 762:767 arg1 exopleura 742:750 exopleura 742:750 exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 742:767 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 5 34 theme 84 593:594 arg1 ratio 584:588 a ratio 582:588 a ratio of 84 582:594 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 6 35 dep 0.032 916:920 arg1 0.046 949:953 0.046 949:953 0.046 949:953 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 3 36 theme degrees 448:454 arg1 C 456:456 40 degrees C 445:456 40 degrees C 445:456 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 0 37 dep Ginkgo 78:83 arg1 biloba 85:90 Ginkgo biloba 78:90 Ginkgo biloba 78:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 4 38 theme buffer 545:550 arg1 mixture 508:514 a mixture 506:514 a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6 506:556 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 3 39 used used 414:417 arg2 mm 337:338 6 mm 335:338 6 mm 335:338 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 3 39 used used 414:417 arg2 mm 346:347 250 mm 342:347 250 mm 342:347 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 4 40 dep buffer 545:550 arg1 pH 553:554 pH 6 553:556 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6 519:556 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 3 41 theme C 456:456 arg1 temperature 430:440 ambient temperature 422:440 ambient temperature of 40 degrees C 422:456 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. 24761643 4 42 theme phosphate 535:543 arg1 buffer 545:550 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer 519:550 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6 519:556 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 0 43 theme Ginkgo 78:83 arg1 exopleura 65:73 exopleura 65:73 exopleura of Ginkgo biloba 65:90 [Analysis of monosaccharide compositions in polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba]. 24761643 1 44 theme derivatization 156:169 arg1 method 135:140 A high-performance liquid chromatography method 94:140 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) 94:212 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 6 45 theme D-galacturonic 840:853 arg1 acid 855:858 D-galacturonic acid 840:858 D-galacturonic acid 840:858 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 6 45 theme D-galacturonic 840:853 arg1 mannose 821:827 mannose 821:827 mannose 821:827 The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046. 24761643 1 46 theme kinds 258:262 arg1 determination 239:251 determination 239:251 determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously 239:296 A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. 24761643 5 47 theme min 625:627 arg1 rate 610:613 a flow rate 603:613 a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1) 603:631 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 24761643 4 48 theme derivatives 467:477 arg1 elution 479:485 The PMP derivatives elution 459:485 The PMP derivatives elution 459:485 The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 24761643 5 49 theme effluent 659:666 arg1 absorbance 641:650 UV absorbance 638:650 UV absorbance of the effluent 638:666 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. 25498664 2 0 theme same 471:474 arg1 structure 484:492 the same primary structure 467:492 the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium 467:553 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 7 1 theme EPS 1173:1175 arg1 solutions 1177:1185 EPS solutions 1173:1185 EPS solutions 1173:1185 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 0 2 theme carbon 102:107 arg1 sources 109:115 various carbon sources 94:115 various carbon sources 94:115 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on various carbon sources. 25498664 1 3 theme exopolysaccharides 319:336 arg1 viscosity 306:314 viscosity 306:314 viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) 306:343 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 3 theme exopolysaccharides 319:336 arg1 as 302:303 as 302:303 as 302:303 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 6 4 from differences 1016:1026 arg1 thickness 1045:1053 thickness 1045:1053 thickness 1045:1053 AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. 25498664 6 4 from differences 1016:1026 arg1 branching 1060:1068 branching 1060:1068 branching 1060:1068 AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. 25498664 6 4 from differences 1016:1026 arg1 length 1037:1042 chain length 1031:1042 chain length 1031:1042 AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. 25498664 7 5 theme solutions 1177:1185 arg1 viscosity 1160:1168 high viscosity 1155:1168 high viscosity of EPS solutions 1155:1185 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 2 6 theme carbon 515:520 arg1 source 522:527 the carbon source 511:527 the carbon source 511:527 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 5 7 theme high-molecular-weight 946:966 arg1 fraction 968:975 only a high-molecular-weight fraction 939:975 only a high-molecular-weight fraction 939:975 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 1 8 dep sources 150:156 arg1 sucrose 188:194 sucrose 188:194 sucrose 188:194 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 8 dep sources 150:156 arg1 glucose 159:165 glucose 159:165 glucose 159:165 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 8 dep sources 150:156 arg1 maltose 168:174 maltose 168:174 maltose 168:174 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 8 dep sources 150:156 arg1 lactose 201:207 lactose 201:207 lactose 201:207 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 8 dep sources 150:156 arg1 sources 150:156 five carbohydrate sources 132:156 five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) 132:208 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 8 dep sources 150:156 arg1 galactose 177:185 galactose 177:185 galactose 177:185 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 5 9 theme molecular 885:893 arg1 weight 895:900 a high and low molecular weight 870:900 a high and low molecular weight 870:900 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 5 10 theme weight 895:900 arg1 fractions 857:865 heterogenic fractions 845:865 heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight 845:900 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 3 11 theme EPS 570:572 arg1 composition 574:584 The following EPS composition 556:584 The following EPS composition 556:584 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 7 12 theme polymer 1120:1126 arg1 chain 1128:1132 the polymer chain 1116:1132 the polymer chain 1116:1132 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 7 13 from thickness 1103:1111 arg1 ratio 1093:1097 the Mw ratio 1086:1097 the Mw ratio 1086:1097 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 1 14 from properties 282:291 arg1 impact 122:127 The impact 118:127 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 118:383 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 8 15 theme single 1216:1221 arg1 strain 1233:1238 a single bacterial strain 1214:1238 a single bacterial strain 1214:1238 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 6 16 theme chain 1031:1035 arg1 length 1037:1042 chain length 1031:1042 chain length 1031:1042 AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. 25498664 7 17 theme chain 1128:1132 arg1 thickness 1103:1111 thickness 1103:1111 thickness of the polymer chain 1103:1132 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 7 17 theme chain 1128:1132 arg1 Differences 1071:1081 Differences 1071:1081 Differences in the Mw ratio 1071:1097 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 4 18 theme M 789:789 arg1 distribution 794:805 M(w) distribution 789:805 M(w) distribution 789:805 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 1 19 from sources 150:156 arg1 composition 226:236 the chemical composition 213:236 the chemical composition 213:236 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 19 from sources 150:156 arg1 properties 282:291 physicochemical properties 266:291 physicochemical properties 266:291 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 19 from sources 150:156 arg1 morphology 250:259 morphology 250:259 morphology 250:259 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 19 from sources 150:156 arg1 structure 239:247 structure 239:247 structure 239:247 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 3 20 with rhamnose 607:614 arg1 substituent 672:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 7 21 theme high 1155:1158 arg1 viscosity 1160:1168 high viscosity 1155:1168 high viscosity of EPS solutions 1155:1185 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 3 22 with residue 648:654 arg1 substituent 672:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 0 23 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides 0:53 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on various carbon sources. 25498664 0 24 theme exopolysaccharides 36:53 arg1 characterization 16:31 Physicochemical characterization 0:31 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides 0:53 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on various carbon sources. 25498664 4 25 dep masses 695:700 arg1 w 705:705 w 705:705 w 705:705 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 4 25 dep masses 695:700 arg1 M 703:703 M 703:703 M(w) 703:706 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 6 26 theme morphological 1002:1014 arg1 differences 1016:1026 morphological differences 1002:1026 morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching 1002:1068 AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. 25498664 2 27 theme 2DNMR 423:427 arg1 spectroscopy 429:440 2DNMR spectroscopy 423:440 2DNMR spectroscopy 423:440 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 2 27 theme 2DNMR 423:427 arg1 GLC-MS 403:408 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy 403:440 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy 403:440 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 1 28 theme physicochemical 266:280 arg1 properties 282:291 physicochemical properties 266:291 physicochemical properties 266:291 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 29 from morphology 250:259 arg1 impact 122:127 The impact 118:127 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 118:383 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 2 30 contain had 463:465 arg2 structure 484:492 the same primary structure 467:492 the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium 467:553 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 2 30 contain had 463:465 arg1 EPSs 458:461 the EPSs 454:461 the EPSs 454:461 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 3 31 dep elucidated 590:599 arg1 glucose 621:627 two glucose 617:627 two glucose 617:627 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 3 31 dep elucidated 590:599 arg1 rhamnose 607:614 four rhamnose 602:614 four rhamnose 602:614 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 3 31 dep elucidated 590:599 arg1 residue 648:654 one galactose residue 634:654 one galactose residue 634:654 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 5 32 theme high 872:875 arg1 weight 895:900 a high and low molecular weight 870:900 a high and low molecular weight 870:900 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 5 33 theme low 881:883 arg1 weight 895:900 a high and low molecular weight 870:900 a high and low molecular weight 870:900 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 3 34 with glucose 621:627 arg1 substituent 672:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 7 35 theme Mw 1090:1091 arg1 ratio 1093:1097 the Mw ratio 1086:1097 the Mw ratio 1086:1097 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 5 36 theme heterogenic 845:855 arg1 fractions 857:865 heterogenic fractions 845:865 heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight 845:900 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 1 37 from structure 239:247 arg1 impact 122:127 The impact 118:127 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 118:383 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 8 38 theme different 1307:1315 arg1 properties 1329:1338 different rheological properties 1307:1338 different rheological properties 1307:1338 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 6 39 theme AFM 978:980 arg1 microscopy 982:991 AFM microscopy 978:991 AFM microscopy 978:991 AFM microscopy revealed morphological differences in chain length, thickness, and branching. 25498664 0 40 dep Lactobacillus 67:79 arg1 rhamnosus 81:89 Lactobacillus rhamnosus 67:89 Lactobacillus rhamnosus 67:89 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on various carbon sources. 25498664 8 41 theme bacterial 1223:1231 arg1 strain 1233:1238 a single bacterial strain 1214:1238 a single bacterial strain 1214:1238 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 1 42 from composition 226:236 arg1 impact 122:127 The impact 118:127 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 118:383 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 3 43 theme following 560:568 arg1 composition 574:584 The following EPS composition 556:584 The following EPS composition 556:584 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 4 44 from differences 774:784 arg1 distribution 794:805 M(w) distribution 789:805 M(w) distribution 789:805 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 4 45 theme Molecular 685:693 arg1 masses 695:700 Molecular masses 685:700 Molecular masses (M(w)) 685:707 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 8 46 theme properties 1329:1338 arg1 EPSs 1299:1302 EPSs 1299:1302 EPSs of different rheological properties 1299:1338 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 3 47 theme galactose 638:646 arg1 residue 648:654 one galactose residue 634:654 one galactose residue 634:654 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 2 48 dep GLC-MS 403:408 arg1 spectroscopy 429:440 2DNMR spectroscopy 423:440 2DNMR spectroscopy 423:440 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 2 48 dep GLC-MS 403:408 arg1 GLC-MS 403:408 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy 403:440 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy 403:440 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 2 48 dep GLC-MS 403:408 arg1 analysis 410:417 analysis 410:417 analysis 410:417 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 1 49 theme carbohydrate 137:148 arg1 sucrose 188:194 sucrose 188:194 sucrose 188:194 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 49 theme carbohydrate 137:148 arg1 glucose 159:165 glucose 159:165 glucose 159:165 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 49 theme carbohydrate 137:148 arg1 maltose 168:174 maltose 168:174 maltose 168:174 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 49 theme carbohydrate 137:148 arg1 lactose 201:207 lactose 201:207 lactose 201:207 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 49 theme carbohydrate 137:148 arg1 sources 150:156 five carbohydrate sources 132:156 five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) 132:208 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 49 theme carbohydrate 137:148 arg1 galactose 177:185 galactose 177:185 galactose 177:185 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 50 from impact 122:127 arg1 composition 226:236 the chemical composition 213:236 the chemical composition 213:236 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 50 from impact 122:127 arg1 properties 282:291 physicochemical properties 266:291 physicochemical properties 266:291 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 50 from impact 122:127 arg1 morphology 250:259 morphology 250:259 morphology 250:259 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 1 50 from impact 122:127 arg1 structure 239:247 structure 239:247 structure 239:247 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 7 51 from Differences 1071:1081 arg1 ratio 1093:1097 the Mw ratio 1086:1097 the Mw ratio 1086:1097 Differences in the Mw ratio and thickness of the polymer chain were correlated with high viscosity of EPS solutions. 25498664 4 52 theme permeation 732:741 arg1 chromatography 743:756 gel permeation chromatography 728:756 gel permeation chromatography 728:756 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 1 53 theme sources 150:156 arg1 impact 122:127 The impact 118:127 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 118:383 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 2 54 theme growth 541:546 arg1 medium 548:553 the growth medium 537:553 the growth medium 537:553 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 4 55 theme gel 728:730 arg1 chromatography 743:756 gel permeation chromatography 728:756 gel permeation chromatography 728:756 Molecular masses (M(w)) were determined by gel permeation chromatography, which revealed differences in M(w) distribution. 25498664 8 56 theme carbon 1258:1263 arg1 source 1265:1270 the carbon source 1254:1270 the carbon source in the medium 1254:1284 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 1 57 theme chemical 217:224 arg1 composition 226:236 the chemical composition 213:236 the chemical composition 213:236 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 0 58 theme various 94:100 arg1 sources 109:115 various carbon sources 94:115 various carbon sources 94:115 Physicochemical characterization of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus on various carbon sources. 25498664 8 59 theme rheological 1317:1327 arg1 properties 1329:1338 different rheological properties 1307:1338 different rheological properties 1307:1338 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 8 60 from source 1265:1270 arg1 medium 1279:1284 the medium 1275:1284 the medium 1275:1284 Our results indicate that a single bacterial strain, depending on the carbon source in the medium, can produce EPSs of different rheological properties. 25498664 1 61 dep Lactobacillus 357:369 arg1 E/N 381:383 Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 357:383 Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N 357:383 The impact of five carbohydrate sources (glucose, maltose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose) on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, and physicochemical properties, as well as, viscosity of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus E/N was investigated. 25498664 2 62 theme primary 476:482 arg1 structure 484:492 the same primary structure 467:492 the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium 467:553 GLC-MS analysis and 2DNMR spectroscopy showed that the EPSs had the same primary structure independently of the carbon source used in the growth medium. 25498664 3 63 theme pyruvate 663:670 arg1 substituent 672:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 a pyruvate substituent 661:682 The following EPS composition was elucidated: four rhamnose, two glucose, and one galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. 25498664 5 64 contain contained 929:937 arg2 fraction 968:975 only a high-molecular-weight fraction 939:975 only a high-molecular-weight fraction 939:975 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 5 64 contain contained 929:937 arg1 EPS-Glc 921:927 EPS-Glc 921:927 EPS-Glc 921:927 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 25498664 5 64 contain contained 929:937 arg1 EPS-Mal 909:915 EPS-Mal 909:915 EPS-Mal 909:915 EPS-Gal, EPS-Suc, and EPS-Lac showed heterogenic fractions of a high and low molecular weight, while EPS-Mal and EPS-Glc contained only a high-molecular-weight fraction. 27577905 8 0 theme permanence 1004:1013 arg1 time 996:999 the time 992:999 the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel 992:1045 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 9 1 theme anticoagulant 1124:1136 arg1 effect 1138:1143 its anticoagulant effect 1120:1143 its anticoagulant effect 1120:1143 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 4 2 theme fibrin 668:673 arg1 network 675:681 the fibrin network 664:681 the fibrin network 664:681 The effect of a purified fraction (F1) on the fibrin network was studied in detail. 27577905 5 3 theme fibrin 734:739 arg1 formation 741:749 fibrin formation 734:749 fibrin formation 734:749 It modifies the kinetics of fibrin formation, suggesting an impaired polymerization process. 27577905 2 4 from glycosylation 355:367 arg1 C2 379:380 C2 379:380 C2 379:380 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 1 5 theme green 185:189 arg1 falklandica 210:220 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 185:220 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 185:220 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 4 6 theme fraction 647:654 arg1 effect 626:631 The effect 622:631 The effect of a purified fraction (F1) on the fibrin network 622:681 The effect of a purified fraction (F1) on the fibrin network was studied in detail. 27577905 9 7 theme mechanisms 1106:1115 arg1 One 1086:1088 One 1086:1088 One 1086:1088 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 9 7 theme mechanisms 1106:1115 arg1 mechanisms 1106:1115 the possible mechanisms 1093:1115 the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect 1093:1143 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 0 8 from falklandica 66:76 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 0:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 0:130 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 8 from falklandica 66:76 arg1 structure 88:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 8 from falklandica 66:76 arg1 action 102:107 action 102:107 action on the fibrin network 102:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 9 9 theme direct 1148:1153 arg1 inhibition 1164:1173 direct thrombin inhibition 1148:1173 direct thrombin inhibition 1148:1173 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 2 10 theme partial 347:353 arg1 glycosylation 355:367 partial glycosylation 347:367 partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, 347:515 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 0 11 theme fibrin 116:121 arg1 network 123:129 the fibrin network 112:129 the fibrin network 112:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 6 12 theme interstitial 869:880 arg1 pores 882:886 larger interstitial pores 862:886 larger interstitial pores 862:886 Scanning electron microscopy showed a laxer conformation, with larger interstitial pores than the control. 27577905 5 13 theme impaired 766:773 arg1 process 790:796 an impaired polymerization process 763:796 an impaired polymerization process 763:796 It modifies the kinetics of fibrin formation, suggesting an impaired polymerization process. 27577905 1 14 theme seaweed 191:197 arg1 falklandica 210:220 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 185:220 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 185:220 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 6 15 theme larger 862:867 arg1 pores 882:886 larger interstitial pores 862:886 larger interstitial pores 862:886 Scanning electron microscopy showed a laxer conformation, with larger interstitial pores than the control. 27577905 5 16 theme formation 741:749 arg1 kinetics 722:729 the kinetics 718:729 the kinetics of fibrin formation 718:749 It modifies the kinetics of fibrin formation, suggesting an impaired polymerization process. 27577905 2 17 theme chains 469:474 arg1 stubs 431:435 single stubs 424:435 single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages 424:514 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 2 17 theme chains 469:474 arg1 stubs 394:398 single stubs 387:398 single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose 387:418 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 1 18 theme Cladophora 199:208 arg1 falklandica 210:220 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 185:220 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 185:220 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 0 19 theme sulfated 6:13 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 0:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 0:130 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 19 theme sulfated 6:13 arg1 structure 88:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 19 theme sulfated 6:13 arg1 action 102:107 action 102:107 action on the fibrin network 102:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 8 20 theme blood 1034:1038 arg1 vessel 1040:1045 the blood vessel 1030:1045 the blood vessel 1030:1045 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 2 21 theme β-d-xylopyranose 403:418 arg1 stubs 431:435 single stubs 424:435 single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages 424:514 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 2 21 theme β-d-xylopyranose 403:418 arg1 stubs 394:398 single stubs 387:398 single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose 387:418 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 0 22 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 0:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 0:130 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 22 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 structure 88:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 22 theme Novel 0:4 arg1 action 102:107 action 102:107 action on the fibrin network 102:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 6 23 theme Scanning 799:806 arg1 microscopy 817:826 Scanning electron microscopy 799:826 Scanning electron microscopy 799:826 Scanning electron microscopy showed a laxer conformation, with larger interstitial pores than the control. 27577905 6 24 with conformation 843:854 arg1 pores 882:886 larger interstitial pores 862:886 larger interstitial pores 862:886 Scanning electron microscopy showed a laxer conformation, with larger interstitial pores than the control. 27577905 2 25 theme short 463:467 arg1 chains 469:474 β-d-galactofuranose or short chains 440:474 β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages 440:514 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 5 26 theme polymerization 775:788 arg1 process 790:796 an impaired polymerization process 763:796 an impaired polymerization process 763:796 It modifies the kinetics of fibrin formation, suggesting an impaired polymerization process. 27577905 1 27 link 4-linked 255:262 arg1 units 284:288 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units 255:288 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2 255:335 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 9 28 theme effect 1138:1143 arg1 mechanisms 1106:1115 the possible mechanisms 1093:1115 the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect 1093:1143 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 2 29 theme β-d-galactofuranose 440:458 arg1 chains 469:474 β-d-galactofuranose or short chains 440:474 β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages 440:514 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 2 30 dep -linkages 506:514 arg1 1→6 502:504 1→6 502:504 1→6 502:504 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 2 31 with glycosylation 355:367 arg1 stubs 431:435 single stubs 424:435 single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages 424:514 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 2 31 with glycosylation 355:367 arg1 stubs 394:398 single stubs 387:398 single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose 387:418 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 3 32 theme anticoagulant 556:568 arg1 activity 570:577 anticoagulant activity 556:577 anticoagulant activity 556:577 These compounds showed anticoagulant activity, although much lower than that of heparin. 27577905 4 33 from effect 626:631 arg1 network 675:681 the fibrin network 664:681 the fibrin network 664:681 The effect of a purified fraction (F1) on the fibrin network was studied in detail. 27577905 8 34 from time 996:999 arg1 vessel 1040:1045 the blood vessel 1030:1045 the blood vessel 1030:1045 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 0 35 theme seaweed 47:53 arg1 falklandica 66:76 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 41:76 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 41:76 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 36 from structure 88:96 arg1 network 123:129 the fibrin network 112:129 the fibrin network 112:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 37 theme green 41:45 arg1 falklandica 66:76 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 41:76 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 41:76 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 6 38 theme laxer 837:841 arg1 conformation 843:854 a laxer conformation 835:854 a laxer conformation 835:854 Scanning electron microscopy showed a laxer conformation, with larger interstitial pores than the control. 27577905 2 39 theme single 424:429 arg1 stubs 431:435 single stubs 424:435 single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages 424:514 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 8 40 theme thrombogenic 1066:1077 arg1 state 1079:1083 a lesser thrombogenic state 1057:1083 a lesser thrombogenic state 1057:1083 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 0 41 theme Cladophora 55:64 arg1 falklandica 66:76 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 41:76 green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 41:76 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 8 42 theme lesser 1059:1064 arg1 state 1079:1083 a lesser thrombogenic state 1057:1083 a lesser thrombogenic state 1057:1083 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 8 43 theme clot 1022:1025 arg1 permanence 1004:1013 permanence 1004:1013 permanence of the clot 1004:1025 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 9 44 theme possible 1097:1104 arg1 mechanisms 1106:1115 the possible mechanisms 1093:1115 the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect 1093:1143 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 8 45 theme fibrin 961:966 arg1 properties 968:977 These fibrin properties 955:977 These fibrin properties 955:977 These fibrin properties would reduce the time of permanence of the clot in the blood vessel, inducing a lesser thrombogenic state. 27577905 2 46 gly glycosylation 355:367 arg1 C2 379:380 C2 379:380 C2 379:380 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 6 47 theme electron 808:815 arg1 microscopy 817:826 Scanning electron microscopy 799:826 Scanning electron microscopy 799:826 Scanning electron microscopy showed a laxer conformation, with larger interstitial pores than the control. 27577905 0 48 dep xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 arg1 structure 88:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 48 dep xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 0:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 0:130 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 48 dep xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 arg1 action 102:107 action 102:107 action on the fibrin network 102:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 1 49 from falklandica 210:220 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 159:178 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 132:178 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 132:220 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 1 50 theme water-soluble 136:148 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 159:178 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 132:178 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 132:220 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 9 51 theme thrombin 1155:1162 arg1 inhibition 1164:1173 direct thrombin inhibition 1148:1173 direct thrombin inhibition 1148:1173 One of the possible mechanisms of its anticoagulant effect is direct thrombin inhibition. 27577905 1 52 theme 4-linked 255:262 arg1 units 284:288 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units 255:288 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2 255:335 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 0 53 theme Chemical 79:86 arg1 structure 88:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Chemical structure 79:96 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 53 theme Chemical 79:86 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 15:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 0:34 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 0:130 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 0 54 from action 102:107 arg1 network 123:129 the fibrin network 112:129 the fibrin network 112:129 Novel sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica: Chemical structure and action on the fibrin network. 27577905 1 55 theme sulfated 150:157 arg1 xylogalactoarabinans 159:178 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans 132:178 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica 132:220 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 4 56 theme purified 638:645 arg1 fraction 647:654 a purified fraction 636:654 a purified fraction (F1) 636:659 The effect of a purified fraction (F1) on the fibrin network was studied in detail. 27577905 4 56 theme purified 638:645 arg1 F1 657:658 F1 657:658 F1 657:658 The effect of a purified fraction (F1) on the fibrin network was studied in detail. 27577905 1 57 theme β-l-arabinopyranose 264:282 arg1 units 284:288 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units 255:288 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2 255:335 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 27577905 2 58 theme single 387:392 arg1 stubs 394:398 single stubs 387:398 single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose 387:418 Besides, partial glycosylation mostly on C2 with single stubs of β-d-xylopyranose, or single stubs of β-d-galactofuranose or short chains comprising (1→5)- and/or (1→6)-linkages, was also found. 27577905 1 59 theme units 284:288 arg1 backbone 243:250 a backbone 241:250 a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2 241:335 The water-soluble sulfated xylogalactoarabinans from green seaweed Cladophora falklandica are constituted by a backbone of 4-linked β-l-arabinopyranose units partially sulfated mainly on C3 and also on C2. 26344315 3 0 theme developed 587:595 arg1 approaches 617:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches 578:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 578:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 3 1 theme monosaccharide 632:645 arg1 GC-MS 660:664 GC-MS 660:664 GC-MS 660:664 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 3 1 theme monosaccharide 632:645 arg1 composition 647:657 monosaccharide composition 632:657 monosaccharide composition (GC-MS) 632:665 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 7 2 theme methyl-esterified 1479:1495 arg1 HG 1497:1498 tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG 1449:1498 tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG 1449:1498 Interestingly this fraction was found to include pectins consisting of tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG and RGI networks. 26344315 2 3 theme polysaccharide-rich 325:343 arg1 polymers 345:352 the polysaccharide-rich polymers 321:352 the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues 321:387 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 2 4 theme Commercial 264:273 arg1 operations 286:295 Commercial winemaking operations 264:295 Commercial winemaking operations 264:295 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 2 5 theme cell 361:364 arg1 walls 366:370 the cell walls 357:370 the cell walls of grape tissues 357:387 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 4 6 theme soluble 788:794 arg1 polysaccharides 801:815 the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides 771:815 the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides 771:815 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 3 7 theme IR 679:680 arg1 spectroscopy 683:694 infra-red (IR) spectroscopy 668:694 infra-red (IR) spectroscopy 668:694 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 4 8 theme wine 796:799 arg1 polysaccharides 801:815 the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides 771:815 the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides 771:815 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 3 9 theme infra-red 668:676 arg1 spectroscopy 683:694 infra-red (IR) spectroscopy 668:694 infra-red (IR) spectroscopy 668:694 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 3 10 theme comprehensive 700:712 arg1 profiling 733:741 comprehensive microarray polymer profiling 700:741 comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 700:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 3 10 theme comprehensive 700:712 arg1 CoMPP 744:748 CoMPP 744:748 CoMPP 744:748 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 8 11 theme enzymatic 1540:1548 arg1 pectin 1574:1579 enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin 1540:1579 enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin 1540:1579 This was supported by enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin and xyloglucan polymers. 26344315 11 12 theme desired 2072:2078 arg1 quality 2080:2086 desired quality 2072:2086 desired quality 2072:2086 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 1 13 theme grape 171:175 arg1 structure/composition 200:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 Limited information is available on grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition and how this changes during fermentation. 26344315 6 14 theme gravimetric 1084:1094 arg1 analysis 1096:1103 gravimetric analysis 1084:1103 gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace 1084:1130 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 8 15 theme targeting 1564:1572 arg1 pectin 1574:1579 enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin 1540:1579 enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin 1540:1579 This was supported by enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin and xyloglucan polymers. 26344315 4 16 theme concentrated 775:786 arg1 polysaccharides 801:815 the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides 771:815 the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides 771:815 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 0 17 theme combined 83:90 arg1 high-throughput 92:106 combined high-throughput and fractionation methods 83:132 high-throughput 92:106 Dissecting the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods. 26344315 1 18 theme polymeric 190:198 arg1 structure/composition 200:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 Limited information is available on grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition and how this changes during fermentation. 26344315 7 19 theme RGI 1504:1506 arg1 networks 1508:1515 RGI networks 1504:1515 RGI networks 1504:1515 Interestingly this fraction was found to include pectins consisting of tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG and RGI networks. 26344315 6 20 used used 1132:1135 arg2 analysis 1096:1103 gravimetric analysis 1084:1103 gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace 1084:1130 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 6 20 used used 1132:1135 arg2 CoMPP 1074:1078 CoMPP 1074:1078 CoMPP 1074:1078 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 5 21 theme deconstruction 1036:1049 arg1 process 1051:1057 the berry deconstruction process 1026:1057 the berry deconstruction process more in-depth 1026:1071 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 11 22 theme carbohydrate-active 2025:2043 arg1 enzymes 2045:2051 carbohydrate-active enzymes 2025:2051 carbohydrate-active enzymes 2025:2051 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 10 23 dep compounds 1836:1844 arg1 aromatics 1866:1874 aromatics 1866:1874 aromatics 1866:1874 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 10 23 dep compounds 1836:1844 arg1 tannins 1857:1863 tannins 1857:1863 tannins 1857:1863 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 10 23 dep compounds 1836:1844 arg1 pigments 1847:1854 pigments 1847:1854 pigments 1847:1854 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 10 23 dep compounds 1836:1844 arg1 etc. 1877:1880 etc. 1877:1880 etc. 1877:1880 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 6 24 theme CDTA 1157:1160 arg1 solutions 1162:1170 CDTA solutions 1157:1170 CDTA solutions 1157:1170 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 3 25 theme wall 602:605 arg1 approaches 617:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches 578:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 578:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 11 26 theme complex 1975:1981 arg1 interactions 1983:1994 the complex interactions 1971:1994 the complex interactions between the grape matrix 1971:2019 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 9 27 theme enzyme-resistant 1650:1665 arg1 polymers 1674:1681 enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 1650:1681 enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' 1650:1688 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 1 28 link wall-derived 177:188 arg1 structure/composition 200:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 Limited information is available on grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition and how this changes during fermentation. 26344315 0 29 theme polysaccharide-rich 15:33 arg1 changes 51:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes 11:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods 11:132 Dissecting the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods. 26344315 11 30 theme consistency 2092:2102 arg1 wine 2064:2067 wine 2064:2067 wine of desired quality and consistency 2064:2102 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 11 31 theme grape 2008:2012 arg1 matrix 2014:2019 the grape matrix 2004:2019 the grape matrix 2004:2019 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 3 32 theme polysaccharide 496:509 arg1 composition/turnover 511:530 polysaccharide composition/turnover 496:530 polysaccharide composition/turnover 496:530 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 0 33 theme cell 41:44 arg1 changes 51:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes 11:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods 11:132 Dissecting the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods. 26344315 6 34 theme fractionated 1112:1123 arg1 pomace 1125:1130 the fractionated pomace 1108:1130 the fractionated pomace 1108:1130 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 3 35 theme polymer 725:731 arg1 profiling 733:741 comprehensive microarray polymer profiling 700:741 comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 700:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 3 35 theme polymer 725:731 arg1 CoMPP 744:748 CoMPP 744:748 CoMPP 744:748 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 4 36 theme arabinogalactan 897:911 arg1 AGPs 923:926 AGPs 923:926 AGPs 923:926 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 36 theme arabinogalactan 897:911 arg1 proteins 913:920 arabinogalactan proteins 897:920 arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 897:927 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 10 37 theme efficient 1805:1813 arg1 release 1815:1821 efficient release 1805:1821 efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues 1805:1904 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 3 38 theme winemaking 547:556 arg1 process 558:564 the winemaking process 543:564 the winemaking process 543:564 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 9 39 theme xyloglucan-rich 1700:1714 arg1 cells 1721:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 9 40 dep polymers 1674:1681 arg1 coat 1684:1687 coat 1684:1687 coat 1684:1687 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 10 41 theme compounds 1836:1844 arg1 release 1815:1821 efficient release 1805:1821 efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues 1805:1904 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 6 42 theme xyloglucan-rich 1337:1351 arg1 fraction 1353:1360 a xyloglucan-rich fraction 1335:1360 a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins) 1335:1375 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 2 43 theme extract 410:416 arg1 pigments 418:425 extract pigments 410:425 extract pigments 410:425 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 2 44 theme grape 375:379 arg1 tissues 381:387 grape tissues 375:387 grape tissues 375:387 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 10 45 contain has 1738:1740 arg1 data 1733:1736 This data 1728:1736 This data 1728:1736 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 10 45 contain has 1738:1740 arg2 implications 1752:1763 important implications 1742:1763 important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking 1742:1922 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 5 46 theme enzymatic 956:964 arg1 techniques 980:989 chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques 943:989 chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques 943:989 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 6 47 contain containing 1235:1244 arg2 AGPs 1258:1261 AGPs 1258:1261 AGPs 1258:1261 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 6 47 contain containing 1235:1244 arg2 RGI 1250:1252 RGI 1250:1252 RGI 1250:1252 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 6 47 contain containing 1235:1244 arg2 HG 1246:1247 HG 1246:1247 HG 1246:1247 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 6 47 contain containing 1235:1244 arg1 fraction 1196:1203 a pectin-rich fraction 1182:1203 a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs 1182:1261 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 3 48 theme profiling 607:615 arg1 approaches 617:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches 578:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 578:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 6 49 theme potassium 1302:1310 arg1 hydroxide 1312:1320 potassium hydroxide 1302:1320 potassium hydroxide 1302:1320 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 5 50 used used 938:941 arg2 We 930:931 We 930:931 We 930:931 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 6 51 dep fraction 1353:1360 arg1 skins 1370:1374 skins 1370:1374 mainly skins 1363:1374 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 2 52 theme walls 366:370 arg1 polymers 345:352 the polysaccharide-rich polymers 321:352 the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues 321:387 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 5 53 theme fractionation 966:978 arg1 techniques 980:989 chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques 943:989 chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques 943:989 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 9 54 theme unique 1608:1613 arg1 datasets 1625:1632 datasets 1625:1632 datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1625:1725 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 9 54 theme unique 1608:1613 arg1 aspect 1615:1620 A unique aspect 1606:1620 A unique aspect 1606:1620 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 9 55 dep cells 1721:1725 arg1 polymers 1674:1681 enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 1650:1681 enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' 1650:1688 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 10 56 theme berry 1892:1896 arg1 tissues 1898:1904 the berry tissues 1888:1904 the berry tissues 1888:1904 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 6 57 theme sodium 1281:1286 arg1 carbonate 1288:1296 sodium carbonate 1281:1296 sodium carbonate 1281:1296 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 2 58 theme winemaking 275:284 arg1 operations 286:295 Commercial winemaking operations 264:295 Commercial winemaking operations 264:295 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 1 59 theme Limited 135:141 arg1 information 143:153 Limited information 135:153 Limited information 135:153 Limited information is available on grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition and how this changes during fermentation. 26344315 9 60 dep suggesting 1634:1643 arg1 cells 1721:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 5 61 theme in-depth 1064:1071 arg1 process 1051:1057 the berry deconstruction process 1026:1057 the berry deconstruction process more in-depth 1026:1071 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 11 62 theme quality 2080:2086 arg1 wine 2064:2067 wine 2064:2067 wine of desired quality and consistency 2064:2102 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 8 63 theme fractionation 1550:1562 arg1 pectin 1574:1579 enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin 1540:1579 enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin 1540:1579 This was supported by enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin and xyloglucan polymers. 26344315 4 64 from homogalacturonan 871:886 arg1 rich 835:838 rich 835:838 rich 835:838 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 5 65 theme chemical 943:950 arg1 techniques 980:989 chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques 943:989 chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques 943:989 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 6 66 dep alkali 1273:1278 arg1 hydroxide 1312:1320 potassium hydroxide 1302:1320 potassium hydroxide 1302:1320 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 6 66 dep alkali 1273:1278 arg1 carbonate 1288:1296 sodium carbonate 1281:1296 sodium carbonate 1281:1296 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 1 67 theme wall-derived 177:188 arg1 structure/composition 200:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition 171:220 Limited information is available on grape wall-derived polymeric structure/composition and how this changes during fermentation. 26344315 8 68 theme xyloglucan 1585:1594 arg1 polymers 1596:1603 xyloglucan polymers 1585:1603 xyloglucan polymers 1585:1603 This was supported by enzymatic fractionation targeting pectin and xyloglucan polymers. 26344315 0 69 theme fractionation 112:124 arg1 methods 126:132 combined high-throughput and fractionation methods 83:132 methods 126:132 Dissecting the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods. 26344315 5 70 theme berry 1030:1034 arg1 process 1051:1057 the berry deconstruction process 1026:1057 the berry deconstruction process more in-depth 1026:1071 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 7 71 theme associated 1457:1466 arg1 HG 1497:1498 tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG 1449:1498 tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG 1449:1498 Interestingly this fraction was found to include pectins consisting of tightly associated and highly methyl-esterified HG and RGI networks. 26344315 2 72 theme tissues 381:387 arg1 walls 366:370 the cell walls 357:370 the cell walls of grape tissues 357:387 Commercial winemaking operations use enzymes that target the polysaccharide-rich polymers of the cell walls of grape tissues to clarify musts and extract pigments during the fermentations. 26344315 4 73 from rhamnogalacturonan 843:860 arg1 rich 835:838 rich 835:838 rich 835:838 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 5 74 dep CoMPP 1006:1010 arg1 addition 994:1001 addition 994:1001 addition 994:1001 We also used chemical and enzymatic fractionation techniques in addition to CoMPP to understand the berry deconstruction process more in-depth. 26344315 4 75 from proteins 913:920 arg1 rich 835:838 rich 835:838 rich 835:838 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 76 from rich 835:838 arg1 homogalacturonan 871:886 homogalacturonan 871:886 homogalacturonan (HG) 871:891 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 76 from rich 835:838 arg1 proteins 913:920 arabinogalactan proteins 897:920 arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 897:927 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 76 from rich 835:838 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 843:860 rhamnogalacturonan I 843:862 rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) 843:868 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 76 from rich 835:838 arg1 AGPs 923:926 AGPs 923:926 AGPs 923:926 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 76 from rich 835:838 arg1 HG 889:890 HG 889:890 HG 889:890 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 4 76 from rich 835:838 arg1 RGI 865:867 RGI 865:867 RGI 865:867 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 11 77 dep framework 1947:1955 arg1 produce 2056:2062 produce 2056:2062 to produce wine of desired quality and consistency 2053:2102 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 11 77 dep framework 1947:1955 arg1 understand 1960:1969 understand 1960:1969 to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix 1957:2019 This study provides a framework to understand the complex interactions between the grape matrix and carbohydrate-active enzymes to produce wine of desired quality and consistency. 26344315 0 78 theme grape 35:39 arg1 changes 51:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes 11:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods 11:132 Dissecting the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods. 26344315 9 79 theme pectin 1667:1672 arg1 polymers 1674:1681 enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 1650:1681 enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' 1650:1688 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 10 80 from tissues 1898:1904 arg1 release 1815:1821 efficient release 1805:1821 efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues 1805:1904 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 6 81 theme aqueous 1137:1143 arg1 buffers 1145:1151 aqueous buffers 1137:1151 aqueous buffers 1137:1151 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 4 82 theme rich 835:838 arg1 fraction 826:833 a fraction 824:833 a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) 824:927 CoMPP performed on the concentrated soluble wine polysaccharides showed a fraction rich in rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). 26344315 3 83 theme cell 597:600 arg1 approaches 617:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches 578:626 recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 578:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 0 84 theme wall 46:49 arg1 changes 51:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes 11:57 the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods 11:132 Dissecting the polysaccharide-rich grape cell wall changes during winemaking using combined high-throughput and fractionation methods. 26344315 6 85 theme pomace 1125:1130 arg1 CoMPP 1074:1078 CoMPP 1074:1078 CoMPP 1074:1078 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 6 85 theme pomace 1125:1130 arg1 analysis 1096:1103 gravimetric analysis 1084:1103 gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace 1084:1130 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 3 86 theme microarray 714:723 arg1 profiling 733:741 comprehensive microarray polymer profiling 700:741 comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) 700:749 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 3 86 theme microarray 714:723 arg1 CoMPP 744:748 CoMPP 744:748 CoMPP 744:748 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 10 87 theme important 1742:1750 arg1 implications 1752:1763 important implications 1742:1763 important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking 1742:1922 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 6 88 theme tightly-bound 1211:1223 arg1 pulp 1206:1209 pulp 1206:1209 pulp tightly-bound to skins 1206:1232 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 9 89 theme inner 1694:1698 arg1 cells 1721:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 6 90 dep fraction 1196:1203 arg1 pulp 1206:1209 pulp 1206:1209 pulp tightly-bound to skins 1206:1232 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 10 91 theme effective 1780:1788 arg1 strategies 1790:1799 effective strategies 1780:1799 effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues 1780:1904 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 26344315 9 92 theme skin 1716:1719 arg1 cells 1721:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells 1690:1725 A unique aspect is datasets suggesting that enzyme-resistant pectin polymers 'coat' the inner xyloglucan-rich skin cells. 26344315 6 93 theme pectin-rich 1184:1194 arg1 fraction 1196:1203 a pectin-rich fraction 1182:1203 a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs 1182:1261 CoMPP and gravimetric analysis of the fractionated pomace used aqueous buffers and CDTA solutions to obtain a pectin-rich fraction (pulp tightly-bound to skins) containing HG, RGI and AGPs; and then alkali (sodium carbonate and potassium hydroxide), liberating a xyloglucan-rich fraction (mainly skins). 26344315 3 94 from changes 485:491 arg1 composition/turnover 511:530 polysaccharide composition/turnover 496:530 polysaccharide composition/turnover 496:530 In this study, we have assessed changes in polysaccharide composition/turnover throughout the winemaking process by applying recently developed cell wall profiling approaches for monosaccharide composition (GC-MS), infra-red (IR) spectroscopy and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP). 26344315 10 95 theme favorable 1826:1834 arg1 compounds 1836:1844 favorable compounds 1826:1844 favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) 1826:1881 This data has important implications for developing effective strategies for efficient release of favorable compounds (pigments, tannins, aromatics, etc.) from the berry tissues during winemaking. 24661891 3 0 theme yield 720:724 arg1 terms 700:704 terms 700:704 terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration 700:782 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 2 1 theme time 629:632 arg1 53min 634:638 extraction time 53min 618:638 extraction time 53min 618:638 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 3 2 theme considerable 671:682 arg1 predominance 684:695 considerable predominance 671:695 considerable predominance 671:695 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 2 3 theme temperature 562:572 arg1 64.8°C 574:579 extraction temperature 64.8°C 551:579 extraction temperature 64.8°C 551:579 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 3 theme temperature 562:572 arg1 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 4 theme extraction 618:627 arg1 53min 634:638 extraction time 53min 618:638 extraction time 53min 618:638 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 6 5 theme polysaccharides 1155:1169 arg1 extraction 1141:1150 the extraction 1137:1150 the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus 1137:1185 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 5 theme polysaccharides 1155:1169 arg1 materials 1202:1210 other plant materials 1190:1210 other plant materials in industry 1190:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 6 theme excellent 1104:1112 arg1 method 1126:1131 an excellent alternative method 1101:1131 an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry 1101:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 6 theme excellent 1104:1112 arg1 HNPCE 1092:1096 HNPCE 1092:1096 HNPCE 1092:1096 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 2 7 theme extraction 551:560 arg1 64.8°C 574:579 extraction temperature 64.8°C 551:579 extraction temperature 64.8°C 551:579 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 7 theme extraction 551:560 arg1 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 5 8 theme APs 1075:1077 arg1 yield 1079:1083 APs yield 1075:1083 APs yield 1075:1083 Furthermore, the pilot-scale application of HNPCE was successfully performed with 16.62% of APs yield. 24661891 4 9 theme primary 945:951 arg1 structure 953:961 the primary structure 941:961 the primary structure of polysaccharides 941:980 Moreover, FT-IR results showed that HNPCE method did not alter the primary structure of polysaccharides. 24661891 3 10 with terms 700:704 arg1 temperature 751:761 much lower temperature 740:761 much lower temperature 740:761 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 10 with terms 700:704 arg1 duration 775:782 shorter duration 767:782 shorter duration 767:782 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 2 11 theme composite 357:365 arg1 design 367:372 Central composite design 349:372 Central composite design 349:372 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 3 12 theme lower 745:749 arg1 temperature 751:761 much lower temperature 740:761 much lower temperature 740:761 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 2 13 theme time 512:515 arg1 70s 517:519 homogenization time 70s 497:519 homogenization time 70s 497:519 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 5 14 theme yield 1079:1083 arg1 % 1070:1070 16.62% 1065:1070 16.62% of APs yield 1065:1083 Furthermore, the pilot-scale application of HNPCE was successfully performed with 16.62% of APs yield. 24661891 5 14 theme yield 1079:1083 arg1 yield 1079:1083 APs yield 1075:1083 APs yield 1075:1083 Furthermore, the pilot-scale application of HNPCE was successfully performed with 16.62% of APs yield. 24661891 2 15 theme extraction 421:430 arg1 conditions 432:441 the extraction conditions 417:441 the extraction conditions 417:441 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 16 theme pressure 531:538 arg1 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 16 theme pressure 531:538 arg1 -0.068MPa 540:548 negative pressure -0.068MPa 522:548 negative pressure -0.068MPa 522:548 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 17 theme Central 349:355 arg1 design 367:372 Central composite design 349:372 Central composite design 349:372 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 3 18 dep as 785:786 arg1 against 788:794 against 788:794 against 788:794 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 1 19 theme homogenization-assisted 205:227 arg1 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 19 theme homogenization-assisted 205:227 arg1 extraction 258:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction 205:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE) 205:275 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 19 theme homogenization-assisted 205:227 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 3 20 theme shorter 767:773 arg1 duration 775:782 shorter duration 767:782 shorter duration 767:782 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 6 21 from extraction 1141:1150 arg1 Astragalus 1176:1185 Astragalus 1176:1185 Astragalus 1176:1185 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 21 from extraction 1141:1150 arg1 industry 1215:1222 industry 1215:1222 industry 1215:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 3 22 dep method 830:835 arg1 yield 852:856 APs yield 848:856 APs yield 848:856 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 22 dep method 830:835 arg1 % 843:843 14.33% 838:843 14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h 838:874 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 1 23 theme negative 229:236 arg1 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 23 theme negative 229:236 arg1 extraction 258:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction 205:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE) 205:275 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 23 theme negative 229:236 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 0 24 theme negative 38:45 arg1 extraction 67:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction 38:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides 38:106 A pilot-scale homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides. 24661891 1 25 theme Astragalus 315:324 arg1 polysaccharides 326:340 Astragalus polysaccharides 315:340 Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) 315:346 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 25 theme Astragalus 315:324 arg1 APs 343:345 APs 343:345 APs 343:345 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 5 26 theme HNPCE 1027:1031 arg1 application 1012:1022 the pilot-scale application 996:1022 the pilot-scale application of HNPCE 996:1031 Furthermore, the pilot-scale application of HNPCE was successfully performed with 16.62% of APs yield. 24661891 1 27 theme pressure 238:245 arg1 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 27 theme pressure 238:245 arg1 extraction 258:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction 205:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE) 205:275 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 27 theme pressure 238:245 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 28 theme polysaccharides 326:340 arg1 extraction 301:310 the extraction 297:310 the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) 297:346 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 29 theme new 131:133 arg1 technique 167:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 30 theme cavitation 247:256 arg1 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 HNPCE 270:274 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 30 theme cavitation 247:256 arg1 extraction 258:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction 205:267 homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE) 205:275 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 1 30 theme cavitation 247:256 arg1 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 polysaccharides 181:195 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 0 31 theme cavitation 56:65 arg1 extraction 67:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction 38:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides 38:106 A pilot-scale homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides. 24661891 4 32 theme HNPCE 914:918 arg1 method 920:925 HNPCE method 914:925 HNPCE method 914:925 Moreover, FT-IR results showed that HNPCE method did not alter the primary structure of polysaccharides. 24661891 2 33 theme homogenization 497:510 arg1 70s 517:519 homogenization time 70s 497:519 homogenization time 70s 497:519 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 0 34 theme pressure 47:54 arg1 extraction 67:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction 38:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides 38:106 A pilot-scale homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides. 24661891 5 35 theme pilot-scale 1000:1010 arg1 application 1012:1022 the pilot-scale application 996:1022 the pilot-scale application of HNPCE 996:1031 Furthermore, the pilot-scale application of HNPCE was successfully performed with 16.62% of APs yield. 24661891 2 36 theme negative 522:529 arg1 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 36 theme negative 522:529 arg1 -0.068MPa 540:548 negative pressure -0.068MPa 522:548 negative pressure -0.068MPa 522:548 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 37 theme kinetic 378:384 arg1 model 386:390 kinetic model 378:390 kinetic model 378:390 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 3 38 theme higher 709:714 arg1 yield 720:724 higher APs yield 709:724 higher APs yield (16.74%) 709:733 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 38 theme higher 709:714 arg1 % 732:732 16.74% 727:732 16.74% 727:732 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 6 39 theme plant 1196:1200 arg1 materials 1202:1210 other plant materials 1190:1210 other plant materials in industry 1190:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 1 40 theme green 136:140 arg1 technique 167:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 3 41 theme yield 852:856 arg1 yield 852:856 APs yield 848:856 APs yield 848:856 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 41 theme yield 852:856 arg1 % 843:843 14.33% 838:843 14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h 838:874 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 4 42 theme FT-IR 888:892 arg1 results 894:900 FT-IR results 888:900 FT-IR results 888:900 Moreover, FT-IR results showed that HNPCE method did not alter the primary structure of polysaccharides. 24661891 3 43 theme APs 716:718 arg1 yield 720:724 higher APs yield 709:724 higher APs yield (16.74%) 709:733 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 43 theme APs 716:718 arg1 % 732:732 16.74% 727:732 16.74% 727:732 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 44 theme proposed 645:652 arg1 method 654:659 The proposed method 641:659 The proposed method 641:659 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 45 with % 843:843 arg1 3h 873:874 3h 873:874 3h 873:874 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 45 with % 843:843 arg1 100°C 863:867 100°C 863:867 100°C 863:867 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 2 46 dep follows 488:494 arg1 70s 517:519 homogenization time 70s 497:519 homogenization time 70s 497:519 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 6 47 theme alternative 1114:1124 arg1 method 1126:1131 an excellent alternative method 1101:1131 an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry 1101:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 47 theme alternative 1114:1124 arg1 HNPCE 1092:1096 HNPCE 1092:1096 HNPCE 1092:1096 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 3 48 theme water 813:817 arg1 method 830:835 the reported hot water extraction method 796:835 the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h) 796:875 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 2 49 theme water 591:595 arg1 ratio 582:586 ratio 582:586 ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min 582:638 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 49 theme water 591:595 arg1 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 6 50 from materials 1202:1210 arg1 Astragalus 1176:1185 Astragalus 1176:1185 Astragalus 1176:1185 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 50 from materials 1202:1210 arg1 industry 1215:1222 industry 1215:1222 industry 1215:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 1 51 theme effective 146:154 arg1 technique 167:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 3 52 theme extraction 819:828 arg1 method 830:835 the reported hot water extraction method 796:835 the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h) 796:875 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 0 53 theme polysaccharides 92:106 arg1 extraction 67:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction 38:76 negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides 38:106 A pilot-scale homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides. 24661891 2 54 theme optimal 452:458 arg1 parameters 460:469 the optimal parameters 448:469 the optimal parameters 448:469 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 2 54 theme optimal 452:458 arg1 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 follows 488:494 Central composite design and kinetic model were applied to optimize the extraction conditions, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows: homogenization time 70s, negative pressure -0.068MPa, extraction temperature 64.8°C, ratio of water to material 13.4 and extraction time 53min. 24661891 1 55 theme extraction 156:165 arg1 technique 167:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 a new, green and effective extraction technique 129:175 This paper reported a new, green and effective extraction technique for polysaccharides, namely homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction (HNPCE), which succeeded in the extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs). 24661891 3 56 theme APs 848:850 arg1 yield 852:856 APs yield 848:856 APs yield 848:856 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 3 57 theme reported 800:807 arg1 method 830:835 the reported hot water extraction method 796:835 the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h) 796:875 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 24661891 0 58 theme Astragalus 81:90 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 Astragalus polysaccharides 81:106 Astragalus polysaccharides 81:106 A pilot-scale homogenization-assisted negative pressure cavitation extraction of Astragalus polysaccharides. 24661891 4 59 theme polysaccharides 966:980 arg1 structure 953:961 the primary structure 941:961 the primary structure of polysaccharides 941:980 Moreover, FT-IR results showed that HNPCE method did not alter the primary structure of polysaccharides. 24661891 6 60 theme other 1190:1194 arg1 materials 1202:1210 other plant materials 1190:1210 other plant materials in industry 1190:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 61 from Astragalus 1176:1185 arg1 extraction 1141:1150 the extraction 1137:1150 the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus 1137:1185 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 61 from Astragalus 1176:1185 arg1 materials 1202:1210 other plant materials 1190:1210 other plant materials in industry 1190:1222 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 6 61 from Astragalus 1176:1185 arg1 polysaccharides 1155:1169 polysaccharides 1155:1169 polysaccharides from Astragalus 1155:1185 Thus, HNPCE is an excellent alternative method for the extraction of polysaccharides from Astragalus or other plant materials in industry. 24661891 3 62 theme hot 809:811 arg1 method 830:835 the reported hot water extraction method 796:835 the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h) 796:875 The proposed method exhibited considerable predominance in terms of higher APs yield (16.74%) with much lower temperature and shorter duration, as against the reported hot water extraction method (14.33% of APs yield with 100°C and 3h). 25630448 5 0 theme anhydrous 1099:1107 arg1 conditions 1109:1118 anhydrous conditions 1099:1118 anhydrous conditions 1099:1118 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 1 1 theme charged 207:213 arg1 appendages 215:224 positively charged appendages 196:224 positively charged appendages 196:224 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 4 2 with pentaacylated 940:952 arg1 R 1001:1001 Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues 984:1027 Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues 984:1027 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 2 with pentaacylated 940:952 arg1 R 960:960 (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- 959:978 (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- 959:978 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 3 dep R 1001:1001 arg1 3 1005:1005 3 1005:1005 3 1005:1005 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 3 dep R 1001:1001 arg1 residues 1020:1027 -hydroxyacyl residues 1007:1027 Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues 984:1027 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 4 theme -acyloxyacyl- 966:978 arg1 R 960:960 (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- 959:978 (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- 959:978 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 5 theme pyrrolidinyl 829:840 arg1 coupling 863:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling 813:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine 813:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 6 theme triazolyl-tris- 813:827 arg1 coupling 863:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling 813:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine 813:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 2 7 theme fibrosis 346:353 arg1 fibrosis 346:353 the cystic fibrosis 335:353 the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A 335:382 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 2 7 theme fibrosis 346:353 arg1 groups 325:330 The phosphate groups 311:330 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A 311:382 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 0 8 theme immunomodulatory 126:141 arg1 potential 143:151 its immunomodulatory potential 122:151 its immunomodulatory potential 122:151 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 4 9 theme Alloc-protected 984:998 arg1 R 1001:1001 Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues 984:1027 Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues 984:1027 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 2 10 theme cystic 339:344 arg1 fibrosis 346:353 the cystic fibrosis 335:353 the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A 335:382 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 3 11 dep synthesised 658:668 arg1 establish 548:556 establish 548:556 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS 545:648 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 4 12 dep R 960:960 arg1 3 964:964 3 964:964 3 964:964 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 3 13 theme LPS 646:648 arg1 activity 621:628 the unique pro-inflammatory activity 593:628 the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS 593:648 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 6 14 theme immune 1280:1285 arg1 signaling 1287:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling 1252:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1252:1343 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 6 15 theme non-endotoxic 1310:1322 arg1 Lipid A 1337:1343 otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1300:1343 otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1300:1343 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 6 16 theme β-L-Ara4N 1206:1214 arg1 modification 1216:1227 The β-L-Ara4N modification 1202:1227 The β-L-Ara4N modification 1202:1227 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 6 17 theme Lipid A 1337:1343 arg1 signaling 1287:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling 1252:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1252:1343 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 4 18 theme H-phosphonate 889:901 arg1 coupling 863:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling 813:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine 813:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 0 19 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 synthesis 9:17 Chemical synthesis 0:17 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A 0:41 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 4 20 theme β-L-Ara4N 879:887 arg1 H-phosphonate 889:901 the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate 875:901 the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate 875:901 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 21 theme β 918:918 arg1 diglucosamine 925:937 β(1→6) diglucosamine 918:937 β(1→6) diglucosamine 918:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 0 22 theme Burkholderia 22:33 arg1 Lipid A 35:41 Burkholderia Lipid A 22:41 Burkholderia Lipid A 22:41 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 5 23 theme intermediate 1034:1045 arg1 diester 1075:1081 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester 1030:1081 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester 1030:1081 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 3 24 theme structural 558:567 arg1 features 569:576 structural features 558:576 structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS 558:648 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 6 25 theme Burkholderia 1324:1335 arg1 Lipid A 1337:1343 otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1300:1343 otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1300:1343 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 4 26 theme 1→6 920:922 arg1 diglucosamine 925:937 β(1→6) diglucosamine 918:937 β(1→6) diglucosamine 918:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 5 27 theme 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate 1047:1073 arg1 diester 1075:1081 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester 1030:1081 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester 1030:1081 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 1 28 theme survival 243:250 arg1 strategy 252:259 the survival strategy 239:259 the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 239:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 3 29 theme pro-inflammatory 604:619 arg1 activity 621:628 the unique pro-inflammatory activity 593:628 the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS 593:648 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 4 30 theme phosphonium-assisted 842:861 arg1 coupling 863:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling 813:870 triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine 813:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 4 31 theme glycosyl 772:779 arg1 phosphodiester 781:794 The double glycosyl phosphodiester 761:794 The double glycosyl phosphodiester 761:794 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 3 32 theme anomeric 710:717 arg1 phosphate 719:727 the anomeric phosphate 706:727 the anomeric phosphate 706:727 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 1 33 theme strategy 252:259 arg1 part 231:234 a part 229:234 a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 229:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 1 33 theme strategy 252:259 arg1 Modification 154:165 Modification 154:165 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages 154:224 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 0 34 theme Lipid A 35:41 arg1 synthesis 9:17 Chemical synthesis 0:17 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A 0:41 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 4 35 theme -hydroxyacyl 1007:1018 arg1 residues 1020:1027 -hydroxyacyl residues 1007:1027 Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues 984:1027 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 2 36 theme bacterial 524:532 arg1 virulence 534:542 bacterial virulence 524:542 bacterial virulence 524:542 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 2 37 theme antibiotic 484:493 arg1 treatment 495:503 antibiotic treatment 484:503 antibiotic treatment 484:503 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 0 38 theme glycosyl 57:64 arg1 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 88:116 glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 57:116 glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 57:116 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 5 39 theme total 1138:1142 arg1 deprotection 1144:1155 total deprotection 1138:1155 total deprotection 1138:1155 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 5 40 theme β-L-Ara4N-substituted 1158:1178 arg1 Lipid A 1193:1199 β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A 1158:1199 β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A 1158:1199 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 3 41 theme unique 597:602 arg1 activity 621:628 the unique pro-inflammatory activity 593:628 the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS 593:648 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 4 42 theme diglucosamine 925:937 arg1 α-lactol 906:913 α-lactol 906:913 α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine 906:937 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 3 43 theme Ara4N-free 737:746 arg1 counterpart 748:758 its Ara4N-free counterpart 733:758 its Ara4N-free counterpart 733:758 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 0 44 link phosphodiester-linked 66:86 arg1 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 88:116 glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 57:116 glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 57:116 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 1 45 theme Lipid A 174:180 arg1 phosphates 182:191 the Lipid A phosphates 170:191 the Lipid A phosphates 170:191 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 6 46 theme innate 1273:1278 arg1 signaling 1287:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling 1252:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1252:1343 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 1 47 theme numerous 264:271 arg1 bacteria 301:308 numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 264:308 numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 264:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 5 48 theme Burkholderia 1180:1191 arg1 Lipid A 1193:1199 β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A 1158:1199 β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A 1158:1199 The intermediate 1,1'-glycosyl-H-phosphonate diester was oxidised in anhydrous conditions to provide, after total deprotection, β-L-Ara4N-substituted Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 2 49 theme phosphate 315:323 arg1 fibrosis 346:353 the cystic fibrosis 335:353 the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A 335:382 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 2 49 theme phosphate 315:323 arg1 groups 325:330 The phosphate groups 311:330 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A 311:382 The phosphate groups of the cystic fibrosis adapted Burkholderia Lipid A are abundantly esterified by 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose (β-L-Ara4N), which imposes resistance to antibiotic treatment and contributes to bacterial virulence. 25630448 1 50 theme phosphates 182:191 arg1 part 231:234 a part 229:234 a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 229:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 1 50 theme phosphates 182:191 arg1 Modification 154:165 Modification 154:165 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages 154:224 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 1 51 theme opportunistic 273:285 arg1 bacteria 301:308 numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 264:308 numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 264:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 4 52 theme double 765:770 arg1 phosphodiester 781:794 The double glycosyl phosphodiester 761:794 The double glycosyl phosphodiester 761:794 The double glycosyl phosphodiester was assembled by triazolyl-tris-(pyrrolidinyl)phosphonium-assisted coupling of the β-L-Ara4N H-phosphonate to α-lactol of β(1→6) diglucosamine, pentaacylated with (R)-(3)-acyloxyacyl- and Alloc-protected (R)-(3)-hydroxyacyl residues. 25630448 6 53 theme pro-inflammatory 1256:1271 arg1 signaling 1287:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling 1252:1295 the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A 1252:1343 The β-L-Ara4N modification significantly enhanced the pro-inflammatory innate immune signaling of otherwise non-endotoxic Burkholderia Lipid A. 25630448 1 54 theme Gram-negative 287:299 arg1 bacteria 301:308 numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 264:308 numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 264:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 25630448 0 55 theme phosphodiester-linked 66:86 arg1 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 88:116 glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 57:116 glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose 57:116 Chemical synthesis of Burkholderia Lipid A modified with glycosyl phosphodiester-linked 4-amino-4-deoxy-β-L-arabinose and its immunomodulatory potential. 25630448 3 56 theme Burkholderia 633:644 arg1 LPS 646:648 Burkholderia LPS 633:648 Burkholderia LPS 633:648 To establish structural features accounting for the unique pro-inflammatory activity of Burkholderia LPS we have synthesised Lipid A substituted by β-L-Ara4N at the anomeric phosphate and its Ara4N-free counterpart. 25630448 1 57 theme bacteria 301:308 arg1 strategy 252:259 the survival strategy 239:259 the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria 239:308 Modification of the Lipid A phosphates by positively charged appendages is a part of the survival strategy of numerous opportunistic Gram-negative bacteria. 27194101 5 0 from incorporation 800:812 arg1 cells 855:859 HEK293 cells 848:859 HEK293 cells 848:859 We also show that ISPD and FKTN are essential for the incorporation of ribitol into α-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells. 27194101 0 1 theme ribitol 60:66 arg1 phosphate 68:76 ribitol phosphate 60:76 ribitol phosphate 60:76 ISPD produces CDP-ribitol used by FKTN and FKRP to transfer ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan. 27194101 6 2 theme ISPD 940:943 arg1 mutations 945:953 hypomorphic ISPD mutations 928:953 hypomorphic ISPD mutations 928:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 1 3 theme α-dystroglycan 152:165 arg1 glycosylation 135:147 the glycosylation 131:147 the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan 131:165 Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. 27194101 6 4 theme hypomorphic 928:938 arg1 mutations 945:953 hypomorphic ISPD mutations 928:953 hypomorphic ISPD mutations 928:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 2 5 theme assembled 285:293 arg1 glycan 295:300 the assembled glycan 281:300 the assembled glycan 281:300 However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. 27194101 4 6 attach present 576:582 arg1 muscle 587:592 muscle 587:592 muscle 587:592 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 6 attach present 576:582 arg2 CDP-ribitol 563:573 CDP-ribitol 563:573 CDP-ribitol 563:573 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 7 theme isoprenoid 498:507 arg1 ISPD 545:548 ISPD 545:548 ISPD 545:548 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 7 theme isoprenoid 498:507 arg1 protein 536:542 isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein 498:542 isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) 498:549 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 8 theme recombinant 609:619 arg1 FKTN 630:633 FKTN 630:633 FKTN 630:633 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 8 theme recombinant 609:619 arg1 fukutin 621:627 recombinant fukutin 609:627 recombinant fukutin (FKTN) 609:634 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 5 9 theme HEK293 848:853 arg1 cells 855:859 HEK293 cells 848:859 HEK293 cells 848:859 We also show that ISPD and FKTN are essential for the incorporation of ribitol into α-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells. 27194101 6 10 from patients 914:921 arg1 fibroblasts 897:907 fibroblasts 897:907 fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations 897:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 6 10 from patients 914:921 arg1 Glycosylation 862:874 Glycosylation 862:874 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations 862:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 4 11 theme domain-containing 518:534 arg1 ISPD 545:548 ISPD 545:548 ISPD 545:548 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 11 theme domain-containing 518:534 arg1 protein 536:542 isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein 498:542 isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) 498:549 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 6 12 from Glycosylation 862:874 arg1 patients 914:921 patients 914:921 patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations 914:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 6 12 from Glycosylation 862:874 arg1 fibroblasts 897:907 fibroblasts 897:907 fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations 897:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 4 13 theme synthase 509:516 arg1 ISPD 545:548 ISPD 545:548 ISPD 545:548 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 13 theme synthase 509:516 arg1 protein 536:542 isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein 498:542 isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) 498:549 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 7 14 theme dietary 1099:1105 arg1 supplementation 1107:1121 dietary supplementation 1099:1121 dietary supplementation with ribitol 1099:1134 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 7 14 theme dietary 1099:1105 arg1 therapy 1161:1167 a therapy 1159:1167 a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations 1159:1200 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 1 15 theme muscle 175:180 arg1 diseases 192:199 muscle and brain diseases 175:199 muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies 175:229 Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. 27194101 5 16 theme ribitol 817:823 arg1 incorporation 800:812 the incorporation 796:812 the incorporation of ribitol into α-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells 796:859 We also show that ISPD and FKTN are essential for the incorporation of ribitol into α-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells. 27194101 2 17 dep structure 253:261 arg1 the 241:243 the 241:243 the 241:243 However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. 27194101 4 18 from muscle 587:592 arg1 present 576:582 present 576:582 present 576:582 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 1 19 theme brain 186:190 arg1 diseases 192:199 muscle and brain diseases 175:199 muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies 175:229 Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. 27194101 7 20 theme ISPD 1187:1190 arg1 mutations 1192:1200 ISPD mutations 1187:1200 ISPD mutations 1187:1200 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 2 21 theme glycan 295:300 arg1 biogenesis 267:276 biogenesis 267:276 biogenesis 267:276 However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. 27194101 2 21 theme glycan 295:300 arg1 structure 253:261 precise structure 245:261 precise structure 245:261 However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. 27194101 6 22 gly Glycosylation 862:874 arg1 α-dystroglycan 879:892 α-dystroglycan 879:892 α-dystroglycan 879:892 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 4 23 theme fukutin-related 640:654 arg1 FKRP 665:668 FKRP 665:668 FKRP 665:668 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 23 theme fukutin-related 640:654 arg1 protein 656:662 fukutin-related protein 640:662 fukutin-related protein (FKRP) 640:669 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 24 from present 576:582 arg1 muscle 587:592 muscle 587:592 muscle 587:592 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 7 25 gly glycosylation 997:1009 arg1 cases 991:995 some cases 986:995 some cases 986:995 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 6 26 theme α-dystroglycan 879:892 arg1 Glycosylation 862:874 Glycosylation 862:874 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations 862:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 6 27 with patients 914:921 arg1 mutations 945:953 hypomorphic ISPD mutations 928:953 hypomorphic ISPD mutations 928:953 Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. 27194101 3 28 theme ribitol 425:431 arg1 phosphate 433:441 ribitol phosphate 425:441 ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan 425:461 Here we report that three enzymes mutated in dystroglycanopathies can collaborate to attach ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan. 27194101 1 29 gly glycosylation 135:147 arg1 α-dystroglycan 152:165 α-dystroglycan 152:165 α-dystroglycan 152:165 Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. 27194101 4 30 theme present 576:582 arg1 CDP-ribitol 563:573 CDP-ribitol 563:573 CDP-ribitol 563:573 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 7 31 theme culture 1067:1073 arg1 medium 1075:1080 the culture medium 1063:1080 the culture medium 1063:1080 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 7 32 with supplementation 1107:1121 arg1 ribitol 1128:1134 ribitol 1128:1134 ribitol 1128:1134 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 7 33 theme ribitol 1052:1058 arg1 addition 1040:1047 addition 1040:1047 addition of ribitol to the culture medium 1040:1080 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 1 34 from Mutations 99:107 arg1 genes 112:116 genes 112:116 genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan 112:165 Mutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. 27194101 7 35 with patients 1173:1180 arg1 mutations 1192:1200 ISPD mutations 1187:1200 ISPD mutations 1187:1200 We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations. 27194101 2 36 theme precise 245:251 arg1 structure 253:261 precise structure 245:261 precise structure 245:261 However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. 27194101 4 37 theme phosphate 694:702 arg1 group 704:708 a ribitol phosphate group 684:708 a ribitol phosphate group 684:708 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 27194101 4 38 theme ribitol 686:692 arg1 group 704:708 a ribitol phosphate group 684:708 a ribitol phosphate group 684:708 Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. 29025413 0 0 theme key 98:100 arg1 enzymes 102:108 key enzymes 98:108 key enzymes for the biofuels industry 98:134 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 6 1 dep T. 1179:1180 arg1 harzianum 1182:1190 harzianum 1182:1190 harzianum 1182:1190 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 8 2 theme high 1572:1575 arg1 variation 1588:1596 high functional variation 1572:1596 high functional variation among the proteins 1572:1615 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 2 3 theme carbohydrate-active 391:409 arg1 enzymes 332:338 Active enzymes 325:338 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism 325:374 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 2 3 theme carbohydrate-active 391:409 arg1 CAZymes 420:426 CAZymes 420:426 CAZymes 420:426 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 2 3 theme carbohydrate-active 391:409 arg1 enzymes 411:417 carbohydrate-active enzymes 391:417 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) 391:427 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 0 4 from enzymes 20:26 arg1 harzianum 43:51 Trichoderma harzianum 31:51 Trichoderma harzianum 31:51 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 8 5 from families 1556:1563 arg1 analysis 1501:1508 A phylogenetic analysis 1486:1508 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1486:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 5 6 theme proteins 885:892 arg1 proteins 885:892 the total proteins 875:892 the total proteins 875:892 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 6 theme proteins 885:892 arg1 % 870:870 3.7% 867:870 3.7% of the total proteins for this organism 867:910 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 3 7 theme family 529:534 arg1 enzymes 513:519 The enzymes 509:519 The enzymes of this family 509:534 The enzymes of this family play a fundamental role in the decomposition of plant biomass. 29025413 7 8 theme expressed 1374:1382 arg1 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 (13 genes) 1451:1464 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 8 theme expressed 1374:1382 arg1 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 (12 genes) 1470:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 8 theme expressed 1374:1382 arg1 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 (17 genes) 1418:1431 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 8 theme expressed 1374:1382 arg1 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 (16 genes) 1434:1448 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 8 theme expressed 1374:1382 arg1 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 (23 genes) 1401:1415 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 8 theme expressed 1374:1382 arg1 genes 1384:1388 expressed genes 1374:1388 expressed genes 1374:1388 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 9 9 theme biomass 1685:1691 arg1 degradation 1693:1703 biomass degradation 1685:1703 biomass degradation 1685:1703 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 8 10 from analysis 1501:1508 arg1 families 1556:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 5 11 theme total 879:883 arg1 proteins 885:892 the total proteins 875:892 the total proteins 875:892 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 4 12 theme CAZymes 765:771 arg1 profiles 739:746 the expression profiles 724:746 the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes 724:771 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 1 13 theme lignocellulosic 277:291 arg1 substrates 293:302 lignocellulosic substrates 277:302 lignocellulosic substrates 277:302 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 4 14 theme annotated 755:763 arg1 CAZymes 765:771 all annotated CAZymes 751:771 all annotated CAZymes 751:771 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 7 15 theme greatest 1355:1362 arg1 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 (13 genes) 1451:1464 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 15 theme greatest 1355:1362 arg1 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 (12 genes) 1470:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 15 theme greatest 1355:1362 arg1 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 (17 genes) 1418:1431 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 15 theme greatest 1355:1362 arg1 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 (16 genes) 1434:1448 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 15 theme greatest 1355:1362 arg1 number 1364:1369 the greatest number 1351:1369 the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes) 1351:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 15 theme greatest 1355:1362 arg1 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 (23 genes) 1401:1415 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 10 16 theme proteins 1980:1987 arg1 characterization 1945:1960 the functional and structural characterization 1915:1960 the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins 1915:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 1 17 used used 173:176 arg2 harzianum 160:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum 137:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum 137:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 1 18 theme Trichoderma 148:158 arg1 harzianum 160:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum 137:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum 137:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 0 19 theme biofuels 118:125 arg1 industry 127:134 the biofuels industry 114:134 the biofuels industry 114:134 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 6 20 theme T. 1179:1180 arg1 CAZymes 1192:1198 the identified T. harzianum CAZymes 1164:1198 the identified T. harzianum CAZymes 1164:1198 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 3 21 theme fundamental 543:553 arg1 role 555:558 a fundamental role 541:558 a fundamental role 541:558 The enzymes of this family play a fundamental role in the decomposition of plant biomass. 29025413 8 22 theme phylogenetic 1488:1499 arg1 analysis 1501:1508 A phylogenetic analysis 1486:1508 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1486:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 1 23 theme biotechnology 181:193 arg1 applications 195:206 biotechnology applications 181:206 biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars 181:322 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 1 24 theme substrates 293:302 arg1 conversion 263:272 the conversion 259:272 the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars 259:322 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 6 25 theme identified 1168:1177 arg1 CAZymes 1192:1198 the identified T. harzianum CAZymes 1164:1198 the identified T. harzianum CAZymes 1164:1198 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 0 26 theme Carbohydrate-active 0:18 arg1 enzymes 20:26 Carbohydrate-active enzymes 0:26 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 0:135 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 10 27 theme future 1888:1893 arg1 studies 1895:1901 future studies 1888:1901 future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins 1888:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 7 28 theme GH 1312:1313 arg1 families 1315:1322 The GH families 1308:1322 The GH families 1308:1322 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 28 theme GH 1312:1313 arg1 class 1340:1344 the CAZyme class 1329:1344 the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes) 1329:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 3 29 theme plant 584:588 arg1 biomass 590:596 plant biomass 584:596 plant biomass 584:596 The enzymes of this family play a fundamental role in the decomposition of plant biomass. 29025413 8 30 from proteins 1517:1524 arg1 families 1556:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 1 31 theme due 208:210 arg1 applications 195:206 biotechnology applications 181:206 biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars 181:322 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 2 32 theme CAZy 466:469 arg1 database 471:478 the CAZy database 462:478 the CAZy database 462:478 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 7 33 theme CAZyme 1333:1338 arg1 families 1315:1322 The GH families 1308:1322 The GH families 1308:1322 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 33 theme CAZyme 1333:1338 arg1 class 1340:1344 the CAZyme class 1329:1344 the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes) 1329:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 9 34 dep T. 1668:1669 arg1 harzianum 1671:1679 T. harzianum 1668:1679 T. harzianum 1668:1679 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 3 35 theme biomass 590:596 arg1 decomposition 567:579 the decomposition 563:579 the decomposition of plant biomass 563:596 The enzymes of this family play a fundamental role in the decomposition of plant biomass. 29025413 0 36 theme Trichoderma 31:41 arg1 harzianum 43:51 Trichoderma harzianum 31:51 Trichoderma harzianum 31:51 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 1 37 theme soluble 309:315 arg1 sugars 317:322 soluble sugars 309:322 soluble sugars 309:322 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 6 38 theme peptide 1239:1245 arg1 sequence 1247:1254 a signal peptide sequence 1230:1254 a signal peptide sequence 1230:1254 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 8 39 theme proteins 1517:1524 arg1 analysis 1501:1508 A phylogenetic analysis 1486:1508 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1486:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 6 40 theme signal 1232:1237 arg1 sequence 1247:1254 a signal peptide sequence 1230:1254 a signal peptide sequence 1230:1254 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 2 41 theme Active 325:330 arg1 enzymes 332:338 Active enzymes 325:338 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism 325:374 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 2 41 theme Active 325:330 arg1 enzymes 411:417 carbohydrate-active enzymes 391:417 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) 391:427 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 8 42 theme AA9/GH61 1533:1540 arg1 families 1556:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 2 43 theme abundant 443:450 arg1 hydrolases 497:506 the glycoside hydrolases 483:506 the glycoside hydrolases 483:506 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 2 43 theme abundant 443:450 arg1 family 452:457 the most abundant family 434:457 the most abundant family in the CAZy database 434:478 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 5 44 theme polysaccharide 1022:1035 arg1 PLs 1045:1047 PLs 1045:1047 PLs 1045:1047 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 44 theme polysaccharide 1022:1035 arg1 lyases 1037:1042 6 polysaccharide lyases 1020:1042 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs) 1020:1048 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 9 45 theme biofuel 1736:1742 arg1 field 1755:1759 the biofuel production field 1732:1759 the biofuel production field 1732:1759 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 2 46 theme glycoside 487:495 arg1 family 452:457 the most abundant family 434:457 the most abundant family in the CAZy database 434:478 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 2 46 theme glycoside 487:495 arg1 hydrolases 497:506 the glycoside hydrolases 483:506 the glycoside hydrolases 483:506 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 4 47 dep RESULTS 599:605 arg1 performed 832:840 performed 832:840 was performed 828:840 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 4 47 dep RESULTS 599:605 arg1 classified 670:679 classified 670:679 classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq 670:797 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 4 47 dep RESULTS 599:605 arg1 identified 655:664 identified 655:664 identified 655:664 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 8 48 theme CE5 1543:1545 arg1 families 1556:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 4 49 theme harzianum 640:648 arg1 CAZymes 626:632 the CAZymes 622:632 the CAZymes of T. harzianum 622:648 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 0 50 theme bioinformatic 56:68 arg1 analysis 70:77 a bioinformatic analysis 54:77 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 0:135 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 6 51 theme secreted 1289:1296 arg1 % 1203:1203 47% 1201:1203 47% 1201:1203 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 6 51 theme secreted 1289:1296 arg1 proteins 1298:1305 secreted proteins 1289:1305 secreted proteins 1289:1305 Among the identified T. harzianum CAZymes, 47% were predicted to harbor a signal peptide sequence and were therefore classified as secreted proteins. 29025413 5 52 theme glycosyl 991:998 arg1 GTs 1014:1016 GTs 1014:1016 GTs 1014:1016 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 52 theme glycosyl 991:998 arg1 transferases 1000:1011 101 glycosyl transferases 987:1011 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs) 987:1017 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 10 53 theme identified 1969:1978 arg1 proteins 1980:1987 the identified proteins 1965:1987 the identified proteins 1965:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 4 54 theme expression 728:737 arg1 profiles 739:746 the expression profiles 724:746 the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes 724:771 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 7 55 with class 1340:1344 arg1 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 (13 genes) 1451:1464 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 55 with class 1340:1344 arg1 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 (12 genes) 1470:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 55 with class 1340:1344 arg1 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 (17 genes) 1418:1431 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 55 with class 1340:1344 arg1 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 (16 genes) 1434:1448 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 55 with class 1340:1344 arg1 number 1364:1369 the greatest number 1351:1369 the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes) 1351:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 55 with class 1340:1344 arg1 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 (23 genes) 1401:1415 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 9 56 from advances 1720:1727 arg1 field 1755:1759 the biofuel production field 1732:1759 the biofuel production field 1732:1759 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 7 57 theme genes 1384:1388 arg1 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 1451:1453 GH2 (13 genes) 1451:1464 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 57 theme genes 1384:1388 arg1 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 1470:1472 GH5 (12 genes) 1470:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 57 theme genes 1384:1388 arg1 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 1418:1420 GH3 (17 genes) 1418:1431 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 57 theme genes 1384:1388 arg1 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 1434:1437 GH16 (16 genes) 1434:1448 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 57 theme genes 1384:1388 arg1 number 1364:1369 the greatest number 1351:1369 the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes) 1351:1483 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 7 57 theme genes 1384:1388 arg1 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 1401:1404 GH18 (23 genes) 1401:1415 The GH families were the CAZyme class with the greatest number of expressed genes, including GH18 (23 genes), GH3 (17 genes), GH16 (16 genes), GH2 (13 genes) and GH5 (12 genes). 29025413 8 58 theme GH55 1551:1554 arg1 families 1556:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families 1529:1563 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 9 59 theme main 1646:1649 arg1 proteins 1651:1658 the main proteins 1642:1658 the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation 1642:1703 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 5 60 theme auxiliary 1087:1095 arg1 AAs 1109:1111 AAs 1109:1111 AAs 1109:1111 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 60 theme auxiliary 1087:1095 arg1 activities 1097:1106 42 auxiliary activities 1084:1106 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) 1084:1112 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 10 61 theme structural 1934:1943 arg1 characterization 1945:1960 the functional and structural characterization 1915:1960 the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins 1915:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 1 62 theme BACKGROUND 137:146 arg1 harzianum 160:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum 137:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum 137:168 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 8 63 theme functional 1577:1586 arg1 variation 1588:1596 high functional variation 1572:1596 high functional variation among the proteins 1572:1615 A phylogenetic analysis of the proteins in the AA9/GH61, CE5 and GH55 families showed high functional variation among the proteins. 29025413 1 64 theme powerful 238:245 arg1 enzymes 247:253 powerful enzymes 238:253 powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars 238:322 BACKGROUND Trichoderma harzianum is used in biotechnology applications due to its ability to produce powerful enzymes for the conversion of lignocellulosic substrates into soluble sugars. 29025413 5 65 theme glycoside 959:967 arg1 GHs 981:983 GHs 981:983 GHs 981:983 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 65 theme glycoside 959:967 arg1 hydrolases 969:978 259 glycoside hydrolases 955:978 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) 955:984 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 10 66 from harzianum 1853:1861 arg1 CAZymes 1837:1843 the CAZymes 1833:1843 the CAZymes 1833:1843 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 5 67 dep CAZymes 858:864 arg1 proteins 885:892 the total proteins 875:892 the total proteins 875:892 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 67 dep CAZymes 858:864 arg1 % 870:870 3.7% 867:870 3.7% of the total proteins for this organism 867:910 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 9 68 theme production 1744:1753 arg1 field 1755:1759 the biofuel production field 1732:1759 the biofuel production field 1732:1759 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 2 69 theme carbohydrate 352:363 arg1 metabolism 365:374 carbohydrate metabolism 352:374 carbohydrate metabolism 352:374 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 9 70 theme new 1716:1718 arg1 advances 1720:1727 new advances 1716:1727 new advances in the biofuel production field 1716:1759 CONCLUSIONS Identifying the main proteins used by T. harzianum for biomass degradation can ensure new advances in the biofuel production field. 29025413 10 71 theme expression 1805:1814 arg1 levels 1816:1821 the expression levels 1801:1821 the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins 1801:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 0 72 theme bioprospecting 79:92 arg1 analysis 70:77 a bioinformatic analysis 54:77 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 0:135 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 5 73 theme CAZymes 858:864 arg1 total 845:849 A total 843:849 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) 843:911 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 0 74 dep enzymes 20:26 arg1 analysis 70:77 a bioinformatic analysis 54:77 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 0:135 Carbohydrate-active enzymes in Trichoderma harzianum: a bioinformatic analysis bioprospecting for key enzymes for the biofuels industry. 29025413 10 75 theme all 1826:1828 arg1 levels 1816:1821 the expression levels 1801:1821 the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins 1801:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 29025413 5 76 theme carbohydrate-binding 1121:1140 arg1 CBMs 1151:1154 CBMs 1151:1154 CBMs 1151:1154 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 76 theme carbohydrate-binding 1121:1140 arg1 modules 1142:1148 46 carbohydrate-binding modules 1118:1148 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) 1118:1155 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 77 theme carbohydrate 1054:1065 arg1 esterases 1067:1075 22 carbohydrate esterases 1051:1075 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs) 1051:1081 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 5 77 theme carbohydrate 1054:1065 arg1 CEs 1078:1080 CEs 1078:1080 CEs 1078:1080 A total of 430 CAZymes (3.7% of the total proteins for this organism) were annotated in T. harzianum, including 259 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 101 glycosyl transferases (GTs), 6 polysaccharide lyases (PLs), 22 carbohydrate esterases (CEs), 42 auxiliary activities (AAs) and 46 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). 29025413 4 78 theme phylogenetic 806:817 arg1 analysis 819:826 a phylogenetic analysis 804:826 a phylogenetic analysis 804:826 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 2 79 from family 452:457 arg1 database 471:478 the CAZy database 462:478 the CAZy database 462:478 Active enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are defined as carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and the most abundant family in the CAZy database is the glycoside hydrolases. 29025413 4 80 theme bioinformatic 687:699 arg1 approaches 701:710 bioinformatic approaches 687:710 bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq 687:797 RESULTS In this study, the CAZymes of T. harzianum were identified and classified using bioinformatic approaches after which the expression profiles of all annotated CAZymes were assessed via RNA-Seq, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. 29025413 10 81 theme functional 1919:1928 arg1 characterization 1945:1960 the functional and structural characterization 1915:1960 the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins 1915:1987 Herein, we annotated and characterized the expression levels of all of the CAZymes from T. harzianum, which may contribute to future studies focusing on the functional and structural characterization of the identified proteins. 25744337 1 0 from splenocyte 192:201 arg1 activities 116:125 The immuno-modulating activities 94:125 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 94:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 1 1 theme murine 170:175 arg1 macrophage 177:186 murine macrophage 170:186 murine macrophage 170:186 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 2 2 theme enhanced 353:360 arg1 cytokines 379:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 1 3 from macrophage 177:186 arg1 activities 116:125 The immuno-modulating activities 94:125 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 94:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 1 4 from extracts 158:165 arg1 splenocyte 192:201 splenocyte 192:201 splenocyte 192:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 1 4 from extracts 158:165 arg1 macrophage 177:186 murine macrophage 170:186 murine macrophage 170:186 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 2 5 theme water 307:311 arg1 HFW 322:324 HFW 322:324 HFW 322:324 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 5 theme water 307:311 arg1 extract 313:319 water extract 307:319 water extract (HFW) 307:325 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 1 6 theme immuno-modulating 98:114 arg1 activities 116:125 The immuno-modulating activities 94:125 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 94:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 2 7 theme Raw 396:398 arg1 cells 406:410 the Raw 264.7 cells 392:410 the Raw 264.7 cells 392:410 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 0 8 theme Immune-modulating 0:16 arg1 activities 18:27 Immune-modulating activities 0:27 Immune-modulating activities of polysaccharides 0:46 Immune-modulating activities of polysaccharides extracted from brown algae Hizikia fusiforme. 25744337 3 9 theme mono-sugar 438:447 arg1 composition 449:459 the mono-sugar composition 434:459 the mono-sugar composition 434:459 From the mono-sugar composition, HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme acts as immune modulator. 25744337 0 10 theme polysaccharides 32:46 arg1 activities 18:27 Immune-modulating activities 0:27 Immune-modulating activities of polysaccharides 0:46 Immune-modulating activities of polysaccharides extracted from brown algae Hizikia fusiforme. 25744337 1 11 theme seaweed 130:136 arg1 extracts 158:165 seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts 130:165 seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 130:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 3 12 theme immune 521:526 arg1 modulator 528:536 immune modulator 521:536 immune modulator 521:536 From the mono-sugar composition, HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme acts as immune modulator. 25744337 3 13 theme fusiforme 503:511 arg1 HFP 493:495 HFP 493:495 HFP of H. fusiforme 493:511 From the mono-sugar composition, HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme acts as immune modulator. 25744337 3 14 theme HFP-associated 462:475 arg1 fucose 477:482 HFP-associated fucose 462:482 HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme 462:511 From the mono-sugar composition, HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme acts as immune modulator. 25744337 2 15 theme pro-inflammatory 362:377 arg1 cytokines 379:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 3 16 theme H. 500:501 arg1 fusiforme 503:511 H. fusiforme 500:511 H. fusiforme 500:511 From the mono-sugar composition, HFP-associated fucose based on HFP of H. fusiforme acts as immune modulator. 25744337 1 17 theme Hizikia 139:145 arg1 extracts 158:165 seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts 130:165 seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 130:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 2 18 theme stimulating 282:292 arg1 production 338:347 NO production 335:347 NO production 335:347 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 18 theme stimulating 282:292 arg1 effects 294:300 the potential macrophage stimulating effects 257:300 the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes 257:426 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 18 theme stimulating 282:292 arg1 cytokines 379:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 1 19 theme fusiforme 147:155 arg1 extracts 158:165 seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts 130:165 seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 130:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 2 20 from effects 294:300 arg1 splenocytes 416:426 splenocytes 416:426 splenocytes 416:426 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 20 from effects 294:300 arg1 cells 406:410 the Raw 264.7 cells 392:410 the Raw 264.7 cells 392:410 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 21 theme macrophage 271:280 arg1 production 338:347 NO production 335:347 NO production 335:347 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 21 theme macrophage 271:280 arg1 effects 294:300 the potential macrophage stimulating effects 257:300 the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes 257:426 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 21 theme macrophage 271:280 arg1 cytokines 379:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 22 theme NO 335:336 arg1 production 338:347 NO production 335:347 NO production 335:347 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 23 theme potential 261:269 arg1 production 338:347 NO production 335:347 NO production 335:347 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 23 theme potential 261:269 arg1 effects 294:300 the potential macrophage stimulating effects 257:300 the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes 257:426 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 2 23 theme potential 261:269 arg1 cytokines 379:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines 353:387 Polysaccharide (HFP) exhibited the potential macrophage stimulating effects than water extract (HFW) such as NO production and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines on the Raw 264.7 cells and splenocytes. 25744337 1 24 theme extracts 158:165 arg1 activities 116:125 The immuno-modulating activities 94:125 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte 94:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 1 25 from activities 116:125 arg1 splenocyte 192:201 splenocyte 192:201 splenocyte 192:201 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 25744337 1 25 from activities 116:125 arg1 macrophage 177:186 murine macrophage 170:186 murine macrophage 170:186 The immuno-modulating activities of seaweed (Hizikia fusiforme) extracts on murine macrophage and splenocyte were studied in vitro. 27492264 0 0 theme γ 83:83 arg1 receptor 85:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition affects binding to each low affinity Fc γ receptor. 27492264 5 1 theme pool 986:989 arg1 % 977:977 ∼85% 974:977 ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 974:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 5 1 theme pool 986:989 arg1 pool 986:989 the pool 982:989 the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 982:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 4 2 theme Contemporary 632:643 arg1 efforts 645:651 Contemporary efforts 632:651 Contemporary efforts to glycoengineer mAbs 632:673 Contemporary efforts to glycoengineer mAbs focus on increasing CD16A affinity, and thus treatment efficacy, but it is unclear how these changes affect affinity for the other FcγRs. 27492264 5 3 gly glycoforms 1008:1017 arg1 Fc 1005:1006 human IgG1 Fc 994:1006 human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 994:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 2 4 theme IgG 344:346 arg1 region 351:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 8 5 theme Fc 1452:1453 arg1 affinity 1427:1434 the affinity 1423:1434 the affinity of afucosylated Fc 1423:1453 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27492264 0 6 theme Fc 80:81 arg1 receptor 85:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition affects binding to each low affinity Fc γ receptor. 27492264 4 7 theme other 800:804 arg1 FcγRs 806:810 the other FcγRs 796:810 the other FcγRs 796:810 Contemporary efforts to glycoengineer mAbs focus on increasing CD16A affinity, and thus treatment efficacy, but it is unclear how these changes affect affinity for the other FcγRs. 27492264 8 8 theme afucosylated 1439:1450 arg1 Fc 1452:1453 afucosylated Fc 1439:1453 afucosylated Fc 1439:1453 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27492264 3 9 link asparagine-linked 497:513 arg1 glycan 519:524 an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan 494:524 an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc 494:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 4 10 theme treatment 720:728 arg1 efficacy 730:737 treatment efficacy 720:737 treatment efficacy 720:737 Contemporary efforts to glycoengineer mAbs focus on increasing CD16A affinity, and thus treatment efficacy, but it is unclear how these changes affect affinity for the other FcγRs. 27492264 3 11 from presence 482:489 arg1 Fc 533:534 the Fc 529:534 the Fc 529:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 2 12 theme targets 271:277 arg1 destruction 245:255 The destruction 241:255 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways 241:303 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 5 13 theme extracellular 845:857 arg1 domains 870:876 the extracellular Fc-binding domains 841:876 the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 841:924 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 2 14 from surface 429:435 arg1 varieties 371:379 multiple varieties 362:379 multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 362:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 14 from surface 429:435 arg1 receptors 404:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors 384:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 384:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 14 from surface 429:435 arg1 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 14 from surface 429:435 arg1 region 351:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 3 15 theme glycan 519:524 arg1 presence 482:489 the presence 478:489 the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc 478:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 6 16 theme 3.9-fold 1110:1117 arg1 CD16A 1103:1107 CD16A 1103:1107 CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) 1103:1127 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 6 16 theme 3.9-fold 1110:1117 arg1 decrease 1119:1126 3.9-fold decrease 1110:1126 3.9-fold decrease 1110:1126 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 2 17 theme IgG-coated 260:269 arg1 targets 271:277 IgG-coated targets 260:277 IgG-coated targets 260:277 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 7 18 theme non-reducing 1223:1234 arg1 termini 1236:1242 the non-reducing termini 1219:1242 the non-reducing termini of the complex-type, biantennary glycan 1219:1282 Adding galactose to the non-reducing termini of the complex-type, biantennary glycan increased affinity for all CD16s and 32s tested by 1.7-fold. 27492264 3 19 theme asparagine-linked 497:513 arg1 glycan 519:524 an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan 494:524 an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc 494:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 1 20 theme human 153:157 arg1 antibody 159:166 human antibody 153:166 human antibody 153:166 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 9 21 theme Fc 1636:1637 arg1 affinity 1650:1657 Fc γ receptor affinity 1636:1657 Fc γ receptor affinity 1636:1657 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 6 22 theme Core 1020:1023 arg1 fucosylation 1030:1041 Core α1-6 fucosylation 1020:1041 Core α1-6 fucosylation 1020:1041 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 0 23 theme immunoglobulin 4:17 arg1 composition 31:41 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition 0:41 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition 0:41 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition affects binding to each low affinity Fc γ receptor. 27492264 7 24 theme glycan 1277:1282 arg1 termini 1236:1242 the non-reducing termini 1219:1242 the non-reducing termini of the complex-type, biantennary glycan 1219:1282 Adding galactose to the non-reducing termini of the complex-type, biantennary glycan increased affinity for all CD16s and 32s tested by 1.7-fold. 27492264 9 25 theme galactose 1549:1557 arg1 additive 1576:1583 additive 1576:1583 additive 1576:1583 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 9 25 theme galactose 1549:1557 arg1 effects 1527:1533 The effects 1523:1533 The effects of fucose and galactose modification 1523:1570 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 4 26 theme CD16A 695:699 arg1 affinity 701:708 CD16A affinity 695:708 CD16A affinity 695:708 Contemporary efforts to glycoengineer mAbs focus on increasing CD16A affinity, and thus treatment efficacy, but it is unclear how these changes affect affinity for the other FcγRs. 27492264 2 27 theme multiple 362:369 arg1 varieties 371:379 multiple varieties 362:379 multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 362:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 27 theme multiple 362:369 arg1 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 27 theme multiple 362:369 arg1 receptors 404:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors 384:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 384:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 7 28 theme complex-type 1251:1262 arg1 glycan 1277:1282 the complex-type, biantennary glycan 1247:1282 the complex-type, biantennary glycan 1247:1282 Adding galactose to the non-reducing termini of the complex-type, biantennary glycan increased affinity for all CD16s and 32s tested by 1.7-fold. 27492264 3 29 theme binding 613:619 arg1 affinity 595:602 the affinity 591:602 the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR) 591:629 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 2 30 from region 351:356 arg1 surface 429:435 the surface 425:435 the surface of leukocytes 425:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 5 31 theme Fc-binding 859:868 arg1 domains 870:876 the extracellular Fc-binding domains 841:876 the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 841:924 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 9 32 theme residues 1624:1631 arg1 independent 1663:1673 independent 1663:1673 independent 1663:1673 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 9 32 theme residues 1624:1631 arg1 contributions 1601:1613 the contributions 1597:1613 the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity 1597:1657 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 6 33 theme greatest 1054:1061 arg1 changes 1063:1069 the greatest changes 1050:1069 the greatest changes 1050:1069 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 2 34 theme cell-mediated 282:294 arg1 pathways 296:303 cell-mediated pathways 282:303 cell-mediated pathways 282:303 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 35 theme receptors 404:412 arg1 varieties 371:379 multiple varieties 362:379 multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 362:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 35 theme receptors 404:412 arg1 receptors 404:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors 384:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 384:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 35 theme receptors 404:412 arg1 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 35 theme receptors 404:412 arg1 region 351:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 0 36 theme G1 N-glycan 19:29 arg1 composition 31:41 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition 0:41 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition 0:41 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition affects binding to each low affinity Fc γ receptor. 27492264 8 37 gly core-fucosylated 1388:1403 arg1 Fc 1405:1406 core-fucosylated Fc 1388:1406 core-fucosylated Fc 1388:1406 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27492264 5 38 theme IgG1 944:947 arg1 glycoforms 952:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 4 39 dep efforts 645:651 arg1 glycoengineer 656:668 glycoengineer 656:668 to glycoengineer mAbs 653:673 Contemporary efforts to glycoengineer mAbs focus on increasing CD16A affinity, and thus treatment efficacy, but it is unclear how these changes affect affinity for the other FcγRs. 27492264 3 40 from variations 541:550 arg1 composition 568:578 the N-glycan composition 555:578 the N-glycan composition 555:578 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 2 41 theme γ 402:402 arg1 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 41 theme γ 402:402 arg1 receptors 404:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors 384:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 384:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 42 theme leukocytes 440:449 arg1 surface 429:435 the surface 425:435 the surface of leukocytes 425:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 5 43 theme human 882:886 arg1 CD16A 888:892 human CD16A 882:892 human CD16A 882:892 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 5 44 theme Fc 949:950 arg1 glycoforms 952:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 5 45 gly glycoforms 952:961 arg1 Fc 949:950 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 5 45 gly glycoforms 952:961 arg1 IgG1 944:947 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 2 46 theme Fc 399:400 arg1 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 46 theme Fc 399:400 arg1 receptors 404:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors 384:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 384:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 9 47 theme γ 1639:1639 arg1 affinity 1650:1657 Fc γ receptor affinity 1636:1657 Fc γ receptor affinity 1636:1657 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 5 48 theme IgG1 1000:1003 arg1 Fc 1005:1006 human IgG1 Fc 994:1006 human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 994:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 6 49 theme 8.5-fold 1083:1090 arg1 CD16B 1076:1080 CD16B 1076:1080 CD16B (8.5-fold decrease) 1076:1100 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 6 49 theme 8.5-fold 1083:1090 arg1 decrease 1092:1099 8.5-fold decrease 1083:1099 8.5-fold decrease 1083:1099 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 2 50 theme membrane-bound 384:397 arg1 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 FcγRs 415:419 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 50 theme membrane-bound 384:397 arg1 receptors 404:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors 384:412 membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes 384:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 9 51 theme receptor 1641:1648 arg1 affinity 1650:1657 Fc γ receptor affinity 1636:1657 Fc γ receptor affinity 1636:1657 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 5 52 theme Fc 1005:1006 arg1 glycoforms 1008:1017 human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 994:1017 human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 994:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 5 53 theme domains 870:876 arg1 binding 830:836 binding 830:836 binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 830:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 5 54 theme glycoforms 1008:1017 arg1 pool 986:989 the pool 982:989 the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 982:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 6 55 theme 1.8-fold 1142:1149 arg1 CD32B/C 1133:1139 CD32B/C 1133:1139 CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease) 1133:1159 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 6 55 theme 1.8-fold 1142:1149 arg1 decrease 1151:1158 1.8-fold decrease 1142:1158 1.8-fold decrease 1142:1158 Core α1-6 fucosylation showed the greatest changes with CD16B (8.5-fold decrease), CD16A (3.9-fold decrease) and CD32B/C (1.8-fold decrease), but did not affect binding to CD32A. 27492264 3 56 from glycan 519:524 arg1 Fc 533:534 the Fc 529:534 the Fc 529:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 5 57 theme well-defined 931:942 arg1 glycoforms 952:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:961 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 929:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 9 58 theme fucose 1538:1543 arg1 additive 1576:1583 additive 1576:1583 additive 1576:1583 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 9 58 theme fucose 1538:1543 arg1 effects 1527:1533 The effects 1523:1533 The effects of fucose and galactose modification 1523:1570 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 8 59 gly afucosylated 1439:1450 arg1 Fc 1452:1453 afucosylated Fc 1439:1453 afucosylated Fc 1439:1453 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27492264 2 60 from varieties 371:379 arg1 surface 429:435 the surface 425:435 the surface of leukocytes 425:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 7 61 dep complex-type 1251:1262 arg1 biantennary 1265:1275 biantennary 1265:1275 biantennary 1265:1275 Adding galactose to the non-reducing termini of the complex-type, biantennary glycan increased affinity for all CD16s and 32s tested by 1.7-fold. 27492264 1 62 theme Immunoglobulin 95:108 arg1 abundant 132:139 abundant 132:139 abundant 132:139 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 1 62 theme Immunoglobulin 95:108 arg1 IgG1 114:117 IgG1 114:117 IgG1 114:117 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 1 62 theme Immunoglobulin 95:108 arg1 G1 110:111 Immunoglobulin G1 95:111 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) 95:118 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 1 63 theme therapeutic 199:209 arg1 antibodies 222:231 many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies 194:231 many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 194:238 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 1 63 theme therapeutic 199:209 arg1 mAbs 234:237 mAbs 234:237 mAbs 234:237 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 3 64 theme CD16A 607:611 arg1 binding 613:619 CD16A binding 607:619 CD16A binding (an FcγR) 607:629 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 3 64 theme CD16A 607:611 arg1 FcγR 625:628 an FcγR 622:628 an FcγR 622:628 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 3 65 theme N- 516:517 arg1 glycan 519:524 an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan 494:524 an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc 494:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 8 66 theme 1.16-fold 1481:1489 arg1 average 1470:1476 an average 1467:1476 an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested 1467:1520 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27492264 1 67 theme monoclonal 211:220 arg1 antibodies 222:231 many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies 194:231 many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 194:238 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 1 67 theme monoclonal 211:220 arg1 mAbs 234:237 mAbs 234:237 mAbs 234:237 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 0 68 theme affinity 71:78 arg1 receptor 85:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition affects binding to each low affinity Fc γ receptor. 27492264 1 69 theme many 194:197 arg1 antibodies 222:231 many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies 194:231 many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 194:238 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 1 69 theme many 194:197 arg1 mAbs 234:237 mAbs 234:237 mAbs 234:237 Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) is the most abundant circulating human antibody and also the scaffold for many therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). 27492264 5 70 theme human 994:998 arg1 Fc 1005:1006 human IgG1 Fc 994:1006 human IgG1 Fc glycoforms 994:1017 Here, we measure binding of the extracellular Fc-binding domains for human CD16A and B, CD32A, B and C, and CD64 to 6 well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms that cover ∼85% of the pool of human IgG1 Fc glycoforms. 27492264 9 71 dep fucose 1538:1543 arg1 modification 1559:1570 modification 1559:1570 modification 1559:1570 The effects of fucose and galactose modification are additive, suggesting the contributions of these residues to Fc γ receptor affinity are independent. 27492264 3 72 from Fc 533:534 arg1 presence 482:489 the presence 478:489 the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc 478:534 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 8 73 theme Fc 1405:1406 arg1 affinity 1376:1383 the affinity 1372:1383 the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc 1372:1406 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27492264 0 74 theme low 67:69 arg1 receptor 85:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 each low affinity Fc γ receptor 62:92 The immunoglobulin G1 N-glycan composition affects binding to each low affinity Fc γ receptor. 27492264 3 75 theme N-glycan 559:566 arg1 composition 568:578 the N-glycan composition 555:578 the N-glycan composition 555:578 This interaction requires the presence of an asparagine-linked (N-)glycan on the Fc, and variations in the N-glycan composition can affect the affinity of CD16A binding (an FcγR). 27492264 2 76 from receptors 404:412 arg1 surface 429:435 the surface 425:435 the surface of leukocytes 425:449 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 2 77 theme Fc 348:349 arg1 region 351:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 the IgG Fc region 340:356 The destruction of IgG-coated targets by cell-mediated pathways begins with an interaction between the IgG Fc region and multiple varieties of membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of leukocytes. 27492264 8 78 theme core-fucosylated 1388:1403 arg1 Fc 1405:1406 core-fucosylated Fc 1388:1406 core-fucosylated Fc 1388:1406 Sialylation did not change the affinity of core-fucosylated Fc, but increased the affinity of afucosylated Fc slightly by an average of 1.16-fold for all CD16s and CD32s tested. 27561495 3 0 theme Galactofucan 301:312 arg1 AmF3 314:317 Galactofucan AmF3 301:317 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata 301:335 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 5 1 theme 1→3 766:768 arg1 Gal- 869:872 (1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4) 755:877 Gal- 869:872 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 3 2 dep chain 348:352 arg1 1→residues 384:393 1→residues 384:393 1→residues 384:393 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 5 3 theme 1→4 815:817 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 3 theme 1→4 815:817 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 3 theme 1→4 815:817 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 4 theme following 552:560 arg1 fragments 562:570 The following fragments 548:570 The following fragments 548:570 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 0 5 theme polysaccharides 64:78 arg1 structure 18:26 structure 18:26 structure 18:26 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 0 5 theme polysaccharides 64:78 arg1 activity 43:50 anticancer activity 32:50 anticancer activity in vitro 32:59 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 3 6 from angusta 428:434 arg1 galactofucan 407:418 galactofucan 407:418 galactofucan from A. angusta 407:434 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 1 7 theme fucoidan 150:157 arg1 fractions 159:167 three fucoidan fractions 144:167 three fucoidan fractions 144:167 Laminaran and three fucoidan fractions were obtained from the brown alga Alaria marginata. 27561495 9 8 theme antitumor 1287:1295 arg1 activity 1297:1304 weak antitumor activity 1282:1304 weak antitumor activity 1282:1304 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 5 9 theme -Gal- 794:798 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 9 theme -Gal- 794:798 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 9 theme -Gal- 794:798 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 10 theme -Fuc 770:773 arg1 Gal- 869:872 (1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4) 755:877 Gal- 869:872 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 11 dep -Fuc 829:832 arg1 Gal- 810:813 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 Gal- 810:813 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 0 12 dep marginata 104:112 arg1 comparison 4:13 The comparison 0:13 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae 0:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 5 13 theme -Gal- 819:823 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 13 theme -Gal- 819:823 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 13 theme -Gal- 819:823 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 8 14 contain had 1201:1203 arg2 effect 1215:1220 a greater effect 1205:1220 a greater effect 1205:1220 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 8 14 contain had 1201:1203 arg1 those 1177:1181 those 1177:1181 those 1177:1181 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 0 15 theme brown 85:89 arg1 algae 91:95 brown algae 85:95 brown algae 85:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 9 16 theme SK-MEL-28 1312:1320 arg1 cells 1322:1326 SK-MEL-28 cells 1312:1326 SK-MEL-28 cells 1312:1326 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 5 17 theme 1→4 800:802 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 17 theme 1→4 800:802 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 17 theme 1→4 800:802 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 0 18 from activity 43:50 arg1 algae 91:95 brown algae 85:95 brown algae 85:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 3 19 theme similar 396:402 arg1 chain 348:352 a main chain 341:352 a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))- 341:382 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 5 20 dep Gal- 869:872 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 20 dep Gal- 869:872 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 20 dep Gal- 869:872 arg1 Fuc-4-SO3 776:784 Fuc-4-SO3 776:784 Fuc-4-SO3 776:784 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 20 dep Gal- 869:872 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 21 theme 1→2 619:621 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 6 22 dep 9 942:942 arg1 to 939:940 to 939:940 to 939:940 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 3 23 theme →3 357:358 arg1 2,4-SO3 371:377 2,4-SO3(-) 371:380 2,4-SO3 371:377 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 3 23 theme →3 357:358 arg1 -α-l-Fucp- 360:369 →3)-α-l-Fucp- 357:369 →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-)) 357:381 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 5 24 theme -Fuc- 760:764 arg1 Gal- 869:872 (1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4) 755:877 Gal- 869:872 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 7 25 from algae 1036:1040 arg1 galactofucans 990:1002 galactofucans 990:1002 galactofucans 990:1002 The laminarans, galactofucans and their derivatives from both algae exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro. 27561495 7 25 from algae 1036:1040 arg1 derivatives 1014:1024 their derivatives 1008:1024 their derivatives 1008:1024 The laminarans, galactofucans and their derivatives from both algae exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro. 27561495 7 25 from algae 1036:1040 arg1 laminarans 978:987 The laminarans 974:987 The laminarans 974:987 The laminarans, galactofucans and their derivatives from both algae exhibited no cytotoxicity in vitro. 27561495 5 26 theme 1→3 756:758 arg1 Gal- 869:872 (1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4) 755:877 Gal- 869:872 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 27 dep identified 577:586 arg1 -Gal 897:900 -Gal 897:900 -Gal 897:900 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 27 dep identified 577:586 arg1 HexA- 597:601 HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-) 597:890 HexA- 597:601 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 27 dep identified 577:586 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 8 28 theme colony 1138:1143 arg1 formation 1145:1153 colony formation 1138:1153 colony formation of HT-29 cells 1138:1168 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 0 29 theme structure 18:26 arg1 comparison 4:13 The comparison 0:13 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae 0:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 4 30 theme branches 467:474 arg1 structure 450:458 the structure 446:458 the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 446:491 However, the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 can differ from those in the fucoidan from A. angusta. 27561495 8 31 theme greater 1207:1213 arg1 effect 1215:1220 a greater effect 1205:1220 a greater effect 1205:1220 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 2 32 theme polysaccharide 273:286 arg1 composition 288:298 the same polysaccharide composition 264:298 the same polysaccharide composition 264:298 Alaria angusta, studied earlier by us, has the same polysaccharide composition. 27561495 4 33 from branches 467:474 arg1 AmF3 488:491 fucoidan AmF3 479:491 fucoidan AmF3 479:491 However, the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 can differ from those in the fucoidan from A. angusta. 27561495 2 34 contain has 260:262 arg1 angusta 228:234 Alaria angusta 221:234 Alaria angusta 221:234 Alaria angusta, studied earlier by us, has the same polysaccharide composition. 27561495 2 34 contain has 260:262 arg2 composition 288:298 the same polysaccharide composition 264:298 the same polysaccharide composition 264:298 Alaria angusta, studied earlier by us, has the same polysaccharide composition. 27561495 3 35 from marginata 327:335 arg1 AmF3 314:317 Galactofucan AmF3 301:317 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata 301:335 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 2 36 theme same 268:271 arg1 composition 288:298 the same polysaccharide composition 264:298 the same polysaccharide composition 264:298 Alaria angusta, studied earlier by us, has the same polysaccharide composition. 27561495 4 37 from angusta 539:545 arg1 fucoidan 522:529 the fucoidan 518:529 the fucoidan from A. angusta 518:545 However, the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 can differ from those in the fucoidan from A. angusta. 27561495 1 38 theme brown 192:196 arg1 marginata 210:218 the brown alga Alaria marginata 188:218 the brown alga Alaria marginata 188:218 Laminaran and three fucoidan fractions were obtained from the brown alga Alaria marginata. 27561495 0 39 theme anticancer 32:41 arg1 activity 43:50 anticancer activity 32:50 anticancer activity in vitro 32:59 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 4 40 theme fucoidan 479:486 arg1 AmF3 488:491 fucoidan AmF3 479:491 fucoidan AmF3 479:491 However, the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 can differ from those in the fucoidan from A. angusta. 27561495 9 41 theme weak 1282:1285 arg1 activity 1297:1304 weak antitumor activity 1282:1304 weak antitumor activity 1282:1304 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 6 42 theme residues 923:930 arg1 Chains 903:908 Chains 903:908 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) 903:943 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 1 43 theme alga 198:201 arg1 marginata 210:218 the brown alga Alaria marginata 188:218 the brown alga Alaria marginata 188:218 Laminaran and three fucoidan fractions were obtained from the brown alga Alaria marginata. 27561495 5 44 theme 1→4 634:636 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 45 theme -Fuc 607:610 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 2 46 theme Alaria 221:226 arg1 angusta 228:234 Alaria angusta 221:234 Alaria angusta 221:234 Alaria angusta, studied earlier by us, has the same polysaccharide composition. 27561495 3 47 contain has 337:339 arg2 chain 348:352 a main chain 341:352 a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))- 341:382 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 3 47 contain has 337:339 arg1 AmF3 314:317 Galactofucan AmF3 301:317 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata 301:335 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 1 48 theme Alaria 203:208 arg1 marginata 210:218 the brown alga Alaria marginata 188:218 the brown alga Alaria marginata 188:218 Laminaran and three fucoidan fractions were obtained from the brown alga Alaria marginata. 27561495 3 49 theme -α-l-Fucp- 360:369 arg1 chain 348:352 a main chain 341:352 a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))- 341:382 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27561495 5 50 theme -HexA 638:642 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 51 theme -Gal 623:626 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 8 52 theme HT-29 1158:1162 arg1 cells 1164:1168 HT-29 cells 1158:1168 HT-29 cells 1158:1168 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 5 53 theme 1→6 683:685 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 (1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 682:887 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 0 54 theme activity 43:50 arg1 comparison 4:13 The comparison 0:13 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae 0:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 5 55 theme 1→6 790:792 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 55 theme 1→6 790:792 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 55 theme 1→6 790:792 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 8 56 from angusta 1102:1108 arg1 Polysaccharides 1078:1092 Polysaccharides 1078:1092 Polysaccharides from A. angusta 1078:1108 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 6 57 theme galactose 913:921 arg1 DP 933:934 DP up to 9 933:942 DP up to 9 933:942 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 6 57 theme galactose 913:921 arg1 residues 923:930 galactose residues 913:930 galactose residues (DP up to 9) 913:943 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 5 58 dep -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 (1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 682:887 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 58 dep -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 arg1 - 665:665 - 665:665 - 665:665 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 58 dep -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 arg1 Gal- 629:632 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 Gal- 629:632 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 58 dep -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 arg1 Fuc- 645:648 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 Fuc- 645:648 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 58 dep -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 arg1 HexA- 613:617 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 HexA- 613:617 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 58 dep -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 arg1 Fuc-4-SO3 669:677 Fuc-4-SO3 669:677 Fuc-4-SO3 669:677 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 8 59 theme cells 1164:1168 arg1 formation 1145:1153 colony formation 1138:1153 colony formation of HT-29 cells 1138:1168 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 8 60 theme T-47D 1225:1229 arg1 cells 1231:1235 T-47D cells 1225:1235 T-47D cells 1225:1235 Polysaccharides from A. angusta were more effective against colony formation of HT-29 cells, while those from A. marginata had a greater effect on T-47D cells. 27561495 5 61 theme -Gal 687:690 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 (1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 682:887 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 62 theme 1→2 698:700 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 (1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 682:887 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 0 63 from algae 91:95 arg1 polysaccharides 64:78 polysaccharides 64:78 polysaccharides from brown algae 64:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 0 63 from algae 91:95 arg1 structure 18:26 structure 18:26 structure 18:26 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 0 63 from algae 91:95 arg1 activity 43:50 anticancer activity 32:50 anticancer activity in vitro 32:59 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 5 64 theme -Gal-2-SO3 702:711 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 (1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 682:887 -Gal-6-SO3 878:887 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 9 65 theme desulfated 1251:1260 arg1 fucoidans 1262:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans 1238:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans 1238:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 5 66 theme -Gal 804:807 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 66 theme -Gal 804:807 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 66 theme -Gal 804:807 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 6 67 located found 950:954 arg2 Chains 903:908 Chains 903:908 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) 903:943 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 6 67 located found 950:954 arg1 fucoidan 964:971 AmF3 fucoidan 959:971 AmF3 fucoidan 959:971 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 9 68 contain possessed 1272:1280 arg2 activity 1297:1304 weak antitumor activity 1282:1304 weak antitumor activity 1282:1304 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 9 68 contain possessed 1272:1280 arg1 fucoidans 1262:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans 1238:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans 1238:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 6 69 theme AmF3 959:962 arg1 fucoidan 964:971 AmF3 fucoidan 959:971 AmF3 fucoidan 959:971 Chains of galactose residues (DP up to 9) were found in AmF3 fucoidan. 27561495 5 70 theme 1→3 825:827 arg1 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 -Gal 863:866 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 70 theme 1→3 825:827 arg1 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 Gal-2-SO3 835:843 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 5 70 theme 1→3 825:827 arg1 -Fuc 829:832 (1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc 789:832 -Fuc 829:832 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 4 71 from structure 450:458 arg1 AmF3 488:491 fucoidan AmF3 479:491 fucoidan AmF3 479:491 However, the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 can differ from those in the fucoidan from A. angusta. 27561495 0 72 from structure 18:26 arg1 algae 91:95 brown algae 85:95 brown algae 85:95 The comparison of structure and anticancer activity in vitro of polysaccharides from brown algae Alaria marginata and A. angusta. 27561495 5 73 theme 1→2 650:652 arg1 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 -Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3 607:887 -Gal-6-SO3 654:663 The following fragments were identified in AmF3: HexA-(1→2)-Fuc, HexA-(1→2)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-HexA, Fuc-(1→2)-Gal-6-SO3(-), Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal, Gal-(1→2)-Gal-2-SO3(-), Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1 →6)-Gal, Gal-4-SO3(-)-(1→3)-Fuc-(1→3)-Fuc, Fuc-4-SO3(-)-(1→6)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-(1→3)-Fuc, Gal-2-SO3(-)-(1→4)-Gal-(1→4)-Gal, Gal-(1→4)-Gal-6-SO3(-)-(1→2)-Gal. 27561495 9 74 theme Sulfated 1238:1245 arg1 fucoidans 1262:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans 1238:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans 1238:1270 Sulfated and desulfated fucoidans possessed weak antitumor activity using SK-MEL-28 cells. 27561495 4 75 from AmF3 488:491 arg1 structure 450:458 the structure 446:458 the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 446:491 However, the structure of the branches in fucoidan AmF3 can differ from those in the fucoidan from A. angusta. 27561495 3 76 theme main 343:346 arg1 chain 348:352 a main chain 341:352 a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))- 341:382 Galactofucan AmF3 from A. marginata has a main chain of →3)-α-l-Fucp-(2,4-SO3(-))-(1→residues, similar to galactofucan from A. angusta. 27474570 6 0 theme blank 904:908 arg1 control 910:916 the blank control 900:916 the blank control 900:916 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 6 1 theme bifidum 1048:1054 arg1 numbers 988:994 the numbers 984:994 the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids 984:1117 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 2 2 theme hot-water 345:353 arg1 conditions 366:375 optimal hot-water extraction conditions 337:375 optimal hot-water extraction conditions 337:375 The yield of WBP was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. 27474570 0 3 theme bamboo 85:90 arg1 shoots 92:97 the bamboo shoots 81:97 the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) 81:121 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 0 3 theme bamboo 85:90 arg1 praecox 114:120 Phyllostachys praecox 100:120 Phyllostachys praecox 100:120 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 1 4 from shoots 170:175 arg1 polysaccharides 142:156 The water-soluble polysaccharides 124:156 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) 124:205 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. 27474570 2 5 theme optimal 337:343 arg1 conditions 366:375 optimal hot-water extraction conditions 337:375 optimal hot-water extraction conditions 337:375 The yield of WBP was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. 27474570 0 6 theme Phyllostachys 100:112 arg1 shoots 92:97 the bamboo shoots 81:97 the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) 81:121 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 0 6 theme Phyllostachys 100:112 arg1 praecox 114:120 Phyllostachys praecox 100:120 Phyllostachys praecox 100:120 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 4 7 theme polysaccharide 756:769 arg1 part 771:774 polysaccharide part 756:774 polysaccharide part 756:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 8 theme different 730:738 arg1 ratios 746:751 different molar ratios 730:751 different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 730:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 6 9 theme prebiotic 1171:1179 arg1 properties 1181:1190 potential prebiotic properties 1161:1190 potential prebiotic properties 1161:1190 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 1 10 theme prebiotic 259:267 arg1 activities 269:278 prebiotic activities 259:278 the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities 226:278 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. 27474570 5 11 theme sugar 835:839 arg1 units 841:845 the sugar units 831:845 the sugar units 831:845 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. 27474570 4 12 theme acids 641:645 arg1 kinds 619:623 15 kinds 616:623 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 616:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 3 13 with WBP-1 399:403 arg1 weight 430:435 molecular weight 420:435 molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively 420:474 Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. 27474570 3 14 theme molecular 420:428 arg1 weight 430:435 molecular weight 420:435 molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively 420:474 Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. 27474570 5 15 theme α- 794:795 arg1 linkages 814:821 α- and β-glycosidic linkages 794:821 α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units 794:845 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. 27474570 4 16 from ratios 746:751 arg1 part 771:774 polysaccharide part 756:774 polysaccharide part 756:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 17 from rhamnose 667:674 arg1 kinds 619:623 15 kinds 616:623 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 616:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 glucose 705:711 glucose 705:711 glucose 705:711 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 galactose 717:725 galactose 717:725 galactose 717:725 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 part 658:661 protein part 650:661 protein part 650:661 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 xylose 688:693 xylose 688:693 xylose 688:693 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 mannose 696:702 mannose 696:702 mannose 696:702 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 rhamnose 667:674 rhamnose 667:674 rhamnose 667:674 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 18 from kinds 619:623 arg1 arabinose 677:685 arabinose 677:685 arabinose 677:685 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 3 19 dep WBP-1 399:403 arg1 i.e. 393:396 i.e. 393:396 i.e. 393:396 Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. 27474570 2 20 theme WBP 312:314 arg1 % 329:329 7.58±0.31% 320:329 7.58±0.31% 320:329 The yield of WBP was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. 27474570 2 20 theme WBP 312:314 arg1 yield 303:307 The yield 299:307 The yield of WBP 299:314 The yield of WBP was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. 27474570 5 21 theme FTIR 864:867 arg1 spectra 877:883 FTIR and NMR spectra 864:883 spectra 877:883 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. 27474570 5 22 theme β-glycosidic 801:812 arg1 linkages 814:821 α- and β-glycosidic linkages 794:821 α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units 794:845 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. 27474570 4 23 from part 658:661 arg1 kinds 619:623 15 kinds 616:623 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 616:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 5 24 theme linkages 814:821 arg1 existence 781:789 The existence 777:789 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units 777:845 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. 27474570 0 25 theme prebiotic 14:22 arg1 activity 24:31 prebiotic activity 14:31 prebiotic activity 14:31 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 4 26 theme heteropolysaccharides-protein 564:592 arg1 complexes 594:602 heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes 564:602 heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 564:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 26 theme heteropolysaccharides-protein 564:592 arg1 fractions 535:543 Both the polysaccharides fractions 510:543 Both the polysaccharides fractions 510:543 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 6 27 theme potential 1161:1169 arg1 properties 1181:1190 potential prebiotic properties 1161:1190 potential prebiotic properties 1161:1190 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 0 28 from shoots 92:97 arg1 fractions 66:74 fractions 66:74 fractions 66:74 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 4 29 theme molar 740:744 arg1 ratios 746:751 different molar ratios 730:751 different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 730:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 3 30 theme 80.08kDa 453:460 arg1 weight 430:435 molecular weight 420:435 molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively 420:474 Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. 27474570 0 31 theme water-soluble 36:48 arg1 polysaccharides 50:64 water-soluble polysaccharides 36:64 water-soluble polysaccharides 36:64 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 6 32 theme FOS 939:941 arg1 reference 926:934 the reference 922:934 the reference of FOS 922:941 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 6 32 theme FOS 939:941 arg1 control 910:916 the blank control 900:916 the blank control 900:916 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 glucose 705:711 glucose 705:711 glucose 705:711 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 galactose 717:725 galactose 717:725 galactose 717:725 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 part 658:661 protein part 650:661 protein part 650:661 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 xylose 688:693 xylose 688:693 xylose 688:693 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 mannose 696:702 mannose 696:702 mannose 696:702 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 rhamnose 667:674 rhamnose 667:674 rhamnose 667:674 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 33 from acids 641:645 arg1 arabinose 677:685 arabinose 677:685 arabinose 677:685 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 6 34 theme adolescentis 1015:1026 arg1 numbers 988:994 the numbers 984:994 the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids 984:1117 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 4 35 theme protein 650:656 arg1 part 658:661 protein part 650:661 protein part 650:661 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 3 36 with WBP-2 409:413 arg1 weight 430:435 molecular weight 420:435 molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively 420:474 Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. 27474570 0 37 theme polysaccharides 50:64 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 0 37 theme polysaccharides 50:64 arg1 activity 24:31 prebiotic activity 14:31 prebiotic activity 14:31 Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). 27474570 6 38 theme acids 1113:1117 arg1 production 1091:1100 the production 1087:1100 the production of organic acids 1087:1117 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 4 39 from galactose 717:725 arg1 ratios 746:751 different molar ratios 730:751 different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 730:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 40 theme polysaccharides 519:533 arg1 complexes 594:602 heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes 564:602 heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 564:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 40 theme polysaccharides 519:533 arg1 fractions 535:543 Both the polysaccharides fractions 510:543 Both the polysaccharides fractions 510:543 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 1 41 theme water-soluble 128:140 arg1 polysaccharides 142:156 The water-soluble polysaccharides 124:156 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) 124:205 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. 27474570 6 42 contain have 1156:1159 arg2 properties 1181:1190 potential prebiotic properties 1161:1190 potential prebiotic properties 1161:1190 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 6 42 contain have 1156:1159 arg1 polysaccharides 1140:1154 the polysaccharides 1136:1154 the polysaccharides 1136:1154 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 1 43 theme bamboo 163:168 arg1 shoots 170:175 bamboo shoots 163:175 bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) 163:205 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. 27474570 1 43 theme bamboo 163:168 arg1 praecox 192:198 praecox 192:198 praecox 192:198 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. 27474570 1 43 theme bamboo 163:168 arg1 WBP 202:204 WBP 202:204 WBP 202:204 The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. 27474570 4 44 from glucose 705:711 arg1 ratios 746:751 different molar ratios 730:751 different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 730:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 6 45 theme organic 1105:1111 arg1 acids 1113:1117 organic acids 1105:1117 organic acids 1105:1117 Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties. 27474570 3 46 theme 83.50kDa 440:447 arg1 weight 430:435 molecular weight 420:435 molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively 420:474 Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. 27474570 5 47 theme NMR 873:875 arg1 spectra 877:883 FTIR and NMR spectra 864:883 spectra 877:883 The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. 27474570 4 48 theme amino 635:639 arg1 acids 641:645 common amino acids 628:645 common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 628:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 2 49 theme extraction 355:364 arg1 conditions 366:375 optimal hot-water extraction conditions 337:375 optimal hot-water extraction conditions 337:375 The yield of WBP was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. 27474570 4 50 from mannose 696:702 arg1 ratios 746:751 different molar ratios 730:751 different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 730:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27474570 4 51 theme common 628:633 arg1 acids 641:645 common amino acids 628:645 common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part 628:774 Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. 27083372 5 0 theme appropriate 1036:1046 arg1 condition 1059:1067 the appropriate hydrolytic condition 1032:1067 the appropriate hydrolytic condition 1032:1067 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 5 1 theme hydrolysis 915:924 arg1 process 926:932 the hydrolysis process 911:932 the hydrolysis process 911:932 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 2 2 dep different 563:571 arg1 hydrolytic 573:582 hydrolytic 573:582 hydrolytic 573:582 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 6 3 theme hydrolytic 1143:1152 arg1 conditions 1154:1163 different hydrolytic conditions 1133:1163 different hydrolytic conditions 1133:1163 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 2 4 theme different 563:571 arg1 conditions 584:593 different hydrolytic conditions 563:593 different hydrolytic conditions 563:593 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 0 5 from Influences 0:9 arg1 analysis 86:93 monosaccharide composition analysis 59:93 monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 59:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 5 6 theme trimaculatus 1000:1011 arg1 polysaccharide 1013:1026 Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 988:1026 Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 988:1026 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 5 7 theme Hippocampus 988:998 arg1 polysaccharide 1013:1026 Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 988:1026 Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 988:1026 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 0 8 theme acidic 98:103 arg1 polysaccharides 124:138 acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 98:138 acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 98:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 5 9 theme polysaccharide 1013:1026 arg1 analysis 976:983 monosaccharide composition analysis 949:983 monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 949:1026 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 2 10 theme composition 335:345 arg1 analysis 347:354 monosaccharide composition analysis 320:354 monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides 320:373 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 2 11 from influences 261:270 arg1 analysis 347:354 monosaccharide composition analysis 320:354 monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides 320:373 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 5 12 theme monosaccharide 949:962 arg1 analysis 976:983 monosaccharide composition analysis 949:983 monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 949:1026 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 4 13 theme acidic 873:878 arg1 sugars 890:895 acidic and basic sugars 873:895 acidic and basic sugars 873:895 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 2 14 theme neutral 465:471 arg1 polysaccharides 492:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 2 15 theme monosaccharide 320:333 arg1 analysis 347:354 monosaccharide composition analysis 320:354 monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides 320:373 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 6 16 theme different 1133:1141 arg1 conditions 1154:1163 different hydrolytic conditions 1133:1163 different hydrolytic conditions 1133:1163 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 0 17 theme neutral 106:112 arg1 polysaccharides 124:138 acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 98:138 acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 98:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 0 18 theme hydrolytic 34:43 arg1 conditions 45:54 hydrolytic conditions 34:54 hydrolytic conditions 34:54 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 3 19 theme hydrolysis 600:609 arg1 stability 611:619 The hydrolysis stability 596:619 The hydrolysis stability of 10 monosaccharide standards 596:650 The hydrolysis stability of 10 monosaccharide standards was also explored. 27083372 1 20 theme structural 194:203 arg1 characterization 205:220 structural characterization 194:220 structural characterization of polysaccharides 194:239 Monosaccharide composition analysis is important for structural characterization of polysaccharides. 27083372 2 21 theme polysaccharides 492:506 arg1 representative 439:452 representative 439:452 representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 439:506 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 6 22 theme polysaccharides 1227:1241 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 the monosaccharide composition analysis 1184:1222 the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics 1184:1283 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 4 23 theme basic 884:888 arg1 sugars 890:895 acidic and basic sugars 873:895 acidic and basic sugars 873:895 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 3 24 theme standards 642:650 arg1 stability 611:619 The hydrolysis stability 596:619 The hydrolysis stability of 10 monosaccharide standards 596:650 The hydrolysis stability of 10 monosaccharide standards was also explored. 27083372 2 25 theme complex 484:490 arg1 polysaccharides 492:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 5 26 theme hydrolytic 1048:1057 arg1 condition 1059:1067 the appropriate hydrolytic condition 1032:1067 the appropriate hydrolytic condition 1032:1067 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 4 27 dep release 817:823 arg1 the 813:815 the 813:815 the 813:815 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 0 28 theme reaction 21:28 arg1 Influences 0:9 Influences 0:9 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 0:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 0 29 theme polysaccharides 124:138 arg1 analysis 86:93 monosaccharide composition analysis 59:93 monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 59:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 2 30 theme polysaccharides 359:373 arg1 analysis 347:354 monosaccharide composition analysis 320:354 monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides 320:373 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 4 31 theme sugars 850:855 arg1 stability 829:837 stability 829:837 stability 829:837 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 4 31 theme sugars 850:855 arg1 release 817:823 release 817:823 release 817:823 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 1 32 theme polysaccharides 225:239 arg1 characterization 205:220 structural characterization 194:220 structural characterization of polysaccharides 194:239 Monosaccharide composition analysis is important for structural characterization of polysaccharides. 27083372 0 33 theme acidic 14:19 arg1 reaction 21:28 acidic reaction 14:28 acidic reaction 14:28 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 0 34 theme basic 118:122 arg1 polysaccharides 124:138 acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 98:138 acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 98:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 6 35 theme structural 1258:1267 arg1 characteristics 1269:1283 their structural characteristics 1252:1283 their structural characteristics 1252:1283 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 3 36 theme monosaccharide 627:640 arg1 standards 642:650 10 monosaccharide standards 624:650 10 monosaccharide standards 624:650 The hydrolysis stability of 10 monosaccharide standards was also explored. 27083372 1 37 theme composition 156:166 arg1 analysis 168:175 Monosaccharide composition analysis 141:175 Monosaccharide composition analysis 141:175 Monosaccharide composition analysis is important for structural characterization of polysaccharides. 27083372 2 38 theme release 523:529 arg1 degree 531:536 the release degree 519:536 the release degree of monosaccharides 519:555 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 2 39 theme acidic 275:280 arg1 reaction 282:289 acidic reaction 275:289 acidic reaction 275:289 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 4 40 theme acidic 745:750 arg1 sugars 752:757 the acidic sugars 741:757 the acidic sugars (uronic acids) 741:772 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 4 40 theme acidic 745:750 arg1 acids 767:771 uronic acids 760:771 uronic acids 760:771 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 4 40 theme acidic 745:750 arg1 easy 779:782 easy 779:782 easy 779:782 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 4 41 theme neutral 842:848 arg1 sugars 850:855 neutral sugars 842:855 neutral sugars 842:855 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 2 42 theme acidic 457:462 arg1 polysaccharides 492:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 2 43 theme monosaccharides 541:555 arg1 degree 531:536 the release degree 519:536 the release degree of monosaccharides 519:555 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 6 44 theme monosaccharide 1188:1201 arg1 composition 1203:1213 the monosaccharide composition 1184:1213 the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics 1184:1283 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 0 45 theme conditions 45:54 arg1 Influences 0:9 Influences 0:9 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 0:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 4 46 theme uronic 760:765 arg1 sugars 752:757 the acidic sugars 741:757 the acidic sugars (uronic acids) 741:772 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 4 46 theme uronic 760:765 arg1 acids 767:771 uronic acids 760:771 uronic acids 760:771 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 5 47 theme composition 964:974 arg1 analysis 976:983 monosaccharide composition analysis 949:983 monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide 949:1026 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 5 48 theme above 1099:1103 arg1 polysaccharides 1110:1124 the above four polysaccharides 1095:1124 the above four polysaccharides 1095:1124 In addition, the hydrolysis process was applied to monosaccharide composition analysis of Hippocampus trimaculatus polysaccharide and the appropriate hydrolytic condition was accorded with that of the above four polysaccharides. 27083372 2 49 theme conditions 306:315 arg1 influences 261:270 the influences 257:270 the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides 257:373 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 2 50 theme hydrolytic 295:304 arg1 conditions 306:315 hydrolytic conditions 295:315 hydrolytic conditions 295:315 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 6 51 used used 1175:1178 arg2 conditions 1154:1163 different hydrolytic conditions 1133:1163 different hydrolytic conditions 1133:1163 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 1 52 theme Monosaccharide 141:154 arg1 analysis 168:175 Monosaccharide composition analysis 141:175 Monosaccharide composition analysis 141:175 Monosaccharide composition analysis is important for structural characterization of polysaccharides. 27083372 0 53 theme composition 74:84 arg1 analysis 86:93 monosaccharide composition analysis 59:93 monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 59:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 2 54 theme basic 474:478 arg1 polysaccharides 492:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides 457:506 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 2 55 theme chondroitin 416:426 arg1 sulfate 428:434 chondroitin sulfate 416:434 chondroitin sulfate 416:434 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 27083372 4 56 theme basic 695:699 arg1 hard 713:716 hard 713:716 hard 713:716 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 4 56 theme basic 695:699 arg1 sugars 701:706 the basic sugars 691:706 the basic sugars 691:706 Results showed that the basic sugars were hard to release but stable, the acidic sugars (uronic acids) were easy to release but unstable, and the release and stability of neutral sugars were in between acidic and basic sugars. 27083372 0 57 theme monosaccharide 59:72 arg1 analysis 86:93 monosaccharide composition analysis 59:93 monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides 59:138 Influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of acidic, neutral and basic polysaccharides. 27083372 6 58 theme composition 1203:1213 arg1 analysis 1215:1222 the monosaccharide composition analysis 1184:1222 the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics 1184:1283 Thus, different hydrolytic conditions should be used for the monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides based on their structural characteristics. 27083372 2 59 theme reaction 282:289 arg1 influences 261:270 the influences 257:270 the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides 257:373 To investigate the influences of acidic reaction and hydrolytic conditions on monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides, we chose alginate, starch, chitosan and chondroitin sulfate as representative of acidic, neutral, basic and complex polysaccharides to compare the release degree of monosaccharides under different hydrolytic conditions. 26281587 0 0 from purification 12:23 arg1 divaricata 75:84 divaricata 75:84 divaricata 75:84 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 1 1 from divaricata 167:176 arg1 polysaccharide 140:153 polysaccharide 140:153 polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata 140:176 The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata and analyze its monosaccharide composition. 26281587 8 2 theme molar 1067:1071 arg1 ratio 1073:1077 a molar ratio 1065:1077 a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3 1065:1103 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 8 3 theme 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3 1082:1103 arg1 ratio 1073:1077 a molar ratio 1065:1077 a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3 1065:1103 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 2 4 theme ethanol 297:303 arg1 precipitation 305:317 ethanol precipitation 297:317 ethanol precipitation 297:317 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. 26281587 5 5 dep 4.29 680:683 arg1 4 690:690 4 690:690 4 690:690 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 6 6 theme glycosidic 767:776 arg1 type 811:814 a type 809:814 a type 809:814 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 6 6 theme glycosidic 767:776 arg1 bond 778:781 glycosidic bond 767:781 glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 767:802 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 7 7 theme glucuronic 908:917 arg1 acid 919:922 glucuronic acid 908:922 glucuronic acid 908:922 Both GDPs-2 and GDPs-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides, and GDPs-2 was mainly composed of glucuronic acid and xylose at a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63. 26281587 1 8 theme Gynura 160:165 arg1 divaricata 167:176 Gynura divaricata 160:176 Gynura divaricata 160:176 The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata and analyze its monosaccharide composition. 26281587 2 9 theme water 279:283 arg1 extraction 285:294 hot water extraction 275:294 hot water extraction 275:294 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. 26281587 5 10 dep purity 592:597 arg1 the 588:590 the 588:590 the 588:590 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 3 11 theme Flow 422:425 arg1 chromatography 434:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. 26281587 0 12 from identification 29:42 arg1 divaricata 75:84 divaricata 75:84 divaricata 75:84 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 8 13 theme glucuronic 1005:1014 arg1 rhamnose 995:1002 rhamnose 995:1002 rhamnose 995:1002 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 8 13 theme glucuronic 1005:1014 arg1 acid 1016:1019 glucuronic acid 1005:1019 glucuronic acid 1005:1019 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 5 14 theme GDPS-2 623:628 arg1 purity 592:597 purity 592:597 purity 592:597 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 5 14 theme GDPS-2 623:628 arg1 weight 613:618 molecular weight 603:618 molecular weight 603:618 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 3 15 theme column 427:432 arg1 chromatography 434:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. 26281587 6 16 theme 1H-NMR 740:745 arg1 data 747:750 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data 711:750 data 747:750 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 3 17 theme DEAE-Sepharose 402:415 arg1 chromatography 434:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. 26281587 5 18 theme GDPS-3 634:639 arg1 purity 592:597 purity 592:597 purity 592:597 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 5 18 theme GDPS-3 634:639 arg1 weight 613:618 molecular weight 603:618 molecular weight 603:618 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 3 19 theme Fast 417:420 arg1 chromatography 434:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography 402:447 The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. 26281587 8 20 from ratio 1073:1077 arg1 galactose 1022:1030 galactose 1022:1030 galactose 1022:1030 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 8 20 from ratio 1073:1077 arg1 rhamnose 995:1002 rhamnose 995:1002 rhamnose 995:1002 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 8 20 from ratio 1073:1077 arg1 xylose 1033:1038 xylose 1033:1038 xylose 1033:1038 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 8 20 from ratio 1073:1077 arg1 acid 1057:1060 galacturonic acid 1044:1060 galacturonic acid 1044:1060 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 1 21 theme monosaccharide 194:207 arg1 composition 209:219 its monosaccharide composition 190:219 its monosaccharide composition 190:219 The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata and analyze its monosaccharide composition. 26281587 0 22 from divaricata 75:84 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 0 22 from divaricata 75:84 arg1 [Isolation 0:9 [Isolation 0:9 [Isolation 0:9 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 0 22 from divaricata 75:84 arg1 polysaccharides 47:61 polysaccharides 47:61 polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata 47:84 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 0 22 from divaricata 75:84 arg1 identification 29:42 identification 29:42 identification 29:42 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 2 23 theme crude 238:242 arg1 polysaccharide 244:257 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide 222:257 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide 222:257 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. 26281587 7 24 theme 1.1:0.63 955:962 arg1 ratio 946:950 a molar ratio 938:950 a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63 938:962 Both GDPs-2 and GDPs-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides, and GDPs-2 was mainly composed of glucuronic acid and xylose at a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63. 26281587 5 25 dep 2.03 653:656 arg1 4 663:663 4 663:663 4 663:663 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 4 26 theme UV 531:532 arg1 spectrophotometer 534:550 UV spectrophotometer 531:550 UV spectrophotometer 531:550 The monosaccharide composition and structure were analyzed by HPLC, UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR. 26281587 2 27 theme water-soluble 224:236 arg1 polysaccharide 244:257 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide 222:257 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide 222:257 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. 26281587 6 28 theme UV 715:716 arg1 spectrophotometer 718:734 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data 711:750 spectrophotometer 718:734 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 1 29 theme study 108:112 arg1 purpose 92:98 The purpose 88:98 The purpose of this study 88:112 The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata and analyze its monosaccharide composition. 26281587 0 30 theme polysaccharides 47:61 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 0 30 theme polysaccharides 47:61 arg1 [Isolation 0:9 [Isolation 0:9 [Isolation 0:9 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 0 30 theme polysaccharides 47:61 arg1 identification 29:42 identification 29:42 identification 29:42 [Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]. 26281587 4 31 theme monosaccharide 467:480 arg1 composition 482:492 The monosaccharide composition 463:492 The monosaccharide composition 463:492 The monosaccharide composition and structure were analyzed by HPLC, UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR. 26281587 5 32 theme molecular 603:611 arg1 weight 613:618 molecular weight 603:618 molecular weight 603:618 The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. 26281587 6 33 theme GDPS-3 797:802 arg1 type 811:814 a type 809:814 a type 809:814 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 6 33 theme GDPS-3 797:802 arg1 bond 778:781 glycosidic bond 767:781 glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 767:802 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 2 34 theme hot 275:277 arg1 extraction 285:294 hot water extraction 275:294 hot water extraction 275:294 A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. 26281587 8 35 theme galacturonic 1044:1055 arg1 rhamnose 995:1002 rhamnose 995:1002 rhamnose 995:1002 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 8 35 theme galacturonic 1044:1055 arg1 acid 1057:1060 galacturonic acid 1044:1060 galacturonic acid 1044:1060 GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3. 26281587 7 36 theme homogeneous 845:855 arg1 polysaccharides 857:871 homogeneous polysaccharides 845:871 homogeneous polysaccharides 845:871 Both GDPs-2 and GDPs-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides, and GDPs-2 was mainly composed of glucuronic acid and xylose at a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63. 26281587 6 37 theme GDPS-2 786:791 arg1 type 811:814 a type 809:814 a type 809:814 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 6 37 theme GDPS-2 786:791 arg1 bond 778:781 glycosidic bond 767:781 glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 767:802 The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. 26281587 7 38 theme molar 940:944 arg1 ratio 946:950 a molar ratio 938:950 a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63 938:962 Both GDPs-2 and GDPs-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides, and GDPs-2 was mainly composed of glucuronic acid and xylose at a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63. 26281587 3 39 theme crude 362:366 arg1 polysaccharide 368:381 The crude polysaccharide 358:381 The crude polysaccharide 358:381 The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. 24573103 2 0 from metastasis 448:457 arg1 understanding 410:422 our understanding 406:422 our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis 406:457 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 7 1 theme LS-174T 1284:1290 arg1 cells 1292:1296 the LS-174T cells 1280:1296 the LS-174T cells 1280:1296 To further investigate their relationships, exogenous β3GnT8 was introduced into the LS-174T cells, while expression of β3GnT8 was downregulated in the LoVo cells. 24573103 2 2 theme substrates 383:392 arg1 elucidation 337:347 elucidation 337:347 elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates 337:392 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 3 3 theme β1,6-branched 610:622 arg1 in vitro 634:641 β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro 610:641 β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro 610:641 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 4 4 from expression 724:733 arg1 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 4 from expression 724:733 arg1 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 4 from expression 724:733 arg1 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 4 from expression 724:733 arg1 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 4 from expression 724:733 arg1 lines 817:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 780:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 780:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 9 5 theme β3GnT8 1472:1477 arg1 expression 1479:1488 β3GnT8 expression 1472:1488 β3GnT8 expression 1472:1488 Conversely, downregulation of β3GnT8 expression in LoVo cells significantly decreased the expression of HG-CD147. 24573103 5 6 theme chains 948:953 arg1 levels 911:916 the levels 907:916 the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains 907:953 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 3 7 theme chains 600:605 arg1 formation 544:552 the formation 540:552 the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion 540:683 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 5 8 dep high 1039:1042 arg1 to 1036:1037 to 1036:1037 to 1036:1037 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 10 9 theme β3GnT8 1654:1659 arg1 regulation 1640:1649 the regulation 1636:1649 the regulation of β3GnT8 1636:1659 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 5 10 from potential 1055:1063 arg1 trend 1021:1025 a trend 1019:1025 a trend from low to high metastatic potential 1019:1063 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 6 11 theme cell 1187:1190 arg1 lines 1192:1196 the colorectal cancer cell lines 1165:1196 the colorectal cancer cell lines 1165:1196 Notably, a significantly positive relationship between β3GnT8 expression and HG-CD147 was noted in the colorectal cancer cell lines. 24573103 4 12 theme present 693:699 arg1 study 701:705 the present study 689:705 the present study 689:705 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 11 13 theme β1,6-branched 1846:1858 arg1 sugars 1876:1881 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1842:1881 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147 1842:1890 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 3 14 theme poly-N-acetyllactosamine 557:580 arg1 chains 600:605 poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains 557:605 poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains 557:605 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 10 15 theme β1,6-branched 1687:1699 arg1 structures 1717:1726 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures 1683:1726 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147 1683:1735 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 1 16 theme colorectal 224:233 arg1 carcinomas 235:244 colorectal carcinomas 224:244 colorectal carcinomas 224:244 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 4 17 theme polylactosamine 761:775 arg1 expression 724:733 the expression 720:733 the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 720:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 11 18 theme CD147 1886:1890 arg1 sugars 1876:1881 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1842:1881 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147 1842:1890 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 9 19 theme HG-CD147 1546:1553 arg1 expression 1532:1541 the expression 1528:1541 the expression of HG-CD147 1528:1553 Conversely, downregulation of β3GnT8 expression in LoVo cells significantly decreased the expression of HG-CD147. 24573103 11 20 theme colorectal 1806:1815 arg1 cells 1824:1828 colorectal cancer cells 1806:1828 colorectal cancer cells 1806:1828 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 1 21 theme cell 138:141 arg1 glycoproteins 151:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 4 22 theme β3GnT8 738:743 arg1 expression 724:733 the expression 720:733 the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 720:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 0 23 theme cells 66:70 arg1 potential 32:40 the metastatic potential 17:40 the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells 17:70 β3GnT8 regulates the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by altering the glycosylation of CD147. 24573103 5 24 theme β3GnT8 921:926 arg1 levels 911:916 the levels 907:916 the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains 907:953 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 5 25 theme polylactosamine 932:946 arg1 chains 948:953 polylactosamine chains 932:953 polylactosamine chains 932:953 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 8 26 theme β3GnT8 1385:1390 arg1 overexpression 1367:1380 The overexpression 1363:1380 The overexpression of β3GnT8 in LS-174T cells 1363:1407 The overexpression of β3GnT8 in LS-174T cells increased the level of HG-CD147. 24573103 11 27 theme cells 1824:1828 arg1 metastasis 1792:1801 the metastasis 1788:1801 the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells 1788:1828 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 8 28 theme LS-174T 1395:1401 arg1 cells 1403:1407 LS-174T cells 1395:1407 LS-174T cells 1395:1407 The overexpression of β3GnT8 in LS-174T cells increased the level of HG-CD147. 24573103 2 29 theme roles 433:437 arg1 understanding 410:422 our understanding 406:422 our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis 406:457 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 0 30 theme CD147 105:109 arg1 glycosylation 88:100 the glycosylation 84:100 the glycosylation of CD147 84:109 β3GnT8 regulates the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by altering the glycosylation of CD147. 24573103 8 31 from overexpression 1367:1380 arg1 cells 1403:1407 LS-174T cells 1395:1407 LS-174T cells 1395:1407 The overexpression of β3GnT8 in LS-174T cells increased the level of HG-CD147. 24573103 4 32 theme colorectal 791:800 arg1 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 32 theme colorectal 791:800 arg1 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 32 theme colorectal 791:800 arg1 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 32 theme colorectal 791:800 arg1 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 32 theme colorectal 791:800 arg1 lines 817:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 780:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 780:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 1 33 theme upregulated 278:288 arg1 expression 290:299 the upregulated expression 274:299 the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases 274:323 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 6 34 theme positive 1091:1098 arg1 relationship 1100:1111 a significantly positive relationship 1075:1111 a significantly positive relationship between β3GnT8 expression and HG-CD147 1075:1150 Notably, a significantly positive relationship between β3GnT8 expression and HG-CD147 was noted in the colorectal cancer cell lines. 24573103 4 35 theme cell 812:815 arg1 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 35 theme cell 812:815 arg1 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 35 theme cell 812:815 arg1 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 35 theme cell 812:815 arg1 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 35 theme cell 812:815 arg1 lines 817:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 780:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 780:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 3 36 theme key 514:516 arg1 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 460:498 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 460:498 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) 460:507 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 3 36 theme key 514:516 arg1 enzyme 518:523 a key enzyme 512:523 a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion 512:683 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 5 37 theme cancer 998:1003 arg1 lines 1010:1014 the colorectal cancer cell lines 983:1014 the colorectal cancer cell lines 983:1014 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 7 38 theme LoVo 1351:1354 arg1 cells 1356:1360 the LoVo cells 1347:1360 the LoVo cells 1347:1360 To further investigate their relationships, exogenous β3GnT8 was introduced into the LS-174T cells, while expression of β3GnT8 was downregulated in the LoVo cells. 24573103 8 39 theme HG-CD147 1432:1439 arg1 level 1423:1427 the level 1419:1427 the level of HG-CD147 1419:1439 The overexpression of β3GnT8 in LS-174T cells increased the level of HG-CD147. 24573103 2 40 theme tumor 442:446 arg1 metastasis 448:457 tumor metastasis 442:457 tumor metastasis 442:457 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 9 41 from downregulation 1454:1467 arg1 cells 1498:1502 LoVo cells 1493:1502 LoVo cells 1493:1502 Conversely, downregulation of β3GnT8 expression in LoVo cells significantly decreased the expression of HG-CD147. 24573103 5 42 theme metastatic 1044:1053 arg1 potential 1055:1063 low to high metastatic potential 1032:1063 low to high metastatic potential 1032:1063 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 4 43 theme different 861:869 arg1 potential 882:890 different metastatic potential 861:890 different metastatic potential 861:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 0 44 theme colorectal 45:54 arg1 cells 66:70 colorectal carcinoma cells 45:70 colorectal carcinoma cells 45:70 β3GnT8 regulates the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by altering the glycosylation of CD147. 24573103 2 45 from roles 433:437 arg1 metastasis 448:457 tumor metastasis 442:457 tumor metastasis 442:457 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 2 46 theme glycosyltransferases 352:371 arg1 elucidation 337:347 elucidation 337:347 elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates 337:392 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 1 47 theme carcinomas 235:244 arg1 metastasis 210:219 metastasis 210:219 metastasis 210:219 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 1 47 theme carcinomas 235:244 arg1 invasion 197:204 invasion 197:204 invasion 197:204 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 1 48 theme glycoproteins 151:163 arg1 glycosylation 121:133 Aberrant glycosylation 112:133 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins 112:163 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 10 49 theme sugars 1617:1622 arg1 HG-CD147 1556:1563 HG-CD147 1556:1563 HG-CD147 1556:1563 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 10 49 theme sugars 1617:1622 arg1 carrier 1576:1582 a major carrier 1568:1582 a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1568:1622 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 10 50 theme β1,6-branched 1587:1599 arg1 sugars 1617:1622 β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1587:1622 β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1587:1622 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 2 51 from understanding 410:422 arg1 metastasis 448:457 tumor metastasis 442:457 tumor metastasis 442:457 Therefore, elucidation of glycosyltransferases and their substrates may improve our understanding of their roles in tumor metastasis. 24573103 6 52 theme colorectal 1169:1178 arg1 lines 1192:1196 the colorectal cancer cell lines 1165:1196 the colorectal cancer cell lines 1165:1196 Notably, a significantly positive relationship between β3GnT8 expression and HG-CD147 was noted in the colorectal cancer cell lines. 24573103 9 53 theme expression 1479:1488 arg1 downregulation 1454:1467 downregulation 1454:1467 downregulation of β3GnT8 expression in LoVo cells 1454:1502 Conversely, downregulation of β3GnT8 expression in LoVo cells significantly decreased the expression of HG-CD147. 24573103 4 54 theme metastatic 871:880 arg1 potential 882:890 different metastatic potential 861:890 different metastatic potential 861:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 9 55 theme LoVo 1493:1496 arg1 cells 1498:1502 LoVo cells 1493:1502 LoVo cells 1493:1502 Conversely, downregulation of β3GnT8 expression in LoVo cells significantly decreased the expression of HG-CD147. 24573103 1 56 gly glycosylation 121:133 arg1 glycoproteins 151:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 3 57 from formation 544:552 arg1 in vitro 634:641 β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro 610:641 β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro 610:641 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 3 58 theme N-glycans 624:632 arg1 in vitro 634:641 β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro 610:641 β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro 610:641 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 4 59 dep lines 817:821 arg1 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 59 dep lines 817:821 arg1 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 59 dep lines 817:821 arg1 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 59 dep lines 817:821 arg1 lines 817:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 780:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 780:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 59 dep lines 817:821 arg1 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 10 60 theme polylactosamine 1701:1715 arg1 structures 1717:1726 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures 1683:1726 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147 1683:1735 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 4 61 with lines 817:821 arg1 potential 882:890 different metastatic potential 861:890 different metastatic potential 861:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 1 62 gly glycoproteins 151:163 arg1 glycoproteins 151:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 1 63 theme Aberrant 112:119 arg1 glycosylation 121:133 Aberrant glycosylation 112:133 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins 112:163 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 4 64 theme product 753:759 arg1 polylactosamine 761:775 its product polylactosamine 749:775 its product polylactosamine 749:775 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 11 65 theme cancer 1817:1822 arg1 cells 1824:1828 colorectal cancer cells 1806:1828 colorectal cancer cells 1806:1828 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 3 66 theme tumor 670:674 arg1 invasion 676:683 tumor invasion 670:683 tumor invasion 670:683 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24573103 1 67 theme surface 143:149 arg1 glycoproteins 151:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 cell surface glycoproteins 138:163 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 7 68 theme exogenous 1243:1251 arg1 β3GnT8 1253:1258 exogenous β3GnT8 1243:1258 exogenous β3GnT8 1243:1258 To further investigate their relationships, exogenous β3GnT8 was introduced into the LS-174T cells, while expression of β3GnT8 was downregulated in the LoVo cells. 24573103 5 69 theme cell 1005:1008 arg1 lines 1010:1014 the colorectal cancer cell lines 983:1014 the colorectal cancer cell lines 983:1014 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 6 70 theme cancer 1180:1185 arg1 lines 1192:1196 the colorectal cancer cell lines 1165:1196 the colorectal cancer cell lines 1165:1196 Notably, a significantly positive relationship between β3GnT8 expression and HG-CD147 was noted in the colorectal cancer cell lines. 24573103 6 71 theme β3GnT8 1121:1126 arg1 expression 1128:1137 β3GnT8 expression 1121:1137 β3GnT8 expression 1121:1137 Notably, a significantly positive relationship between β3GnT8 expression and HG-CD147 was noted in the colorectal cancer cell lines. 24573103 11 72 theme polylactosamine 1860:1874 arg1 sugars 1876:1881 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1842:1881 the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147 1842:1890 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 0 73 gly glycosylation 88:100 arg1 CD147 105:109 CD147 105:109 CD147 105:109 β3GnT8 regulates the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by altering the glycosylation of CD147. 24573103 4 74 theme human 785:789 arg1 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 74 theme human 785:789 arg1 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 74 theme human 785:789 arg1 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 74 theme human 785:789 arg1 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 74 theme human 785:789 arg1 lines 817:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 780:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 780:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 0 75 theme metastatic 21:30 arg1 potential 32:40 the metastatic potential 17:40 the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells 17:70 β3GnT8 regulates the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by altering the glycosylation of CD147. 24573103 5 76 theme colorectal 987:996 arg1 lines 1010:1014 the colorectal cancer cell lines 983:1014 the colorectal cancer cell lines 983:1014 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 4 77 theme carcinoma 802:810 arg1 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 SW480 840:844 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 77 theme carcinoma 802:810 arg1 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 SW620 833:837 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 77 theme carcinoma 802:810 arg1 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 LS-174T 824:830 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 77 theme carcinoma 802:810 arg1 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 LoVo 850:853 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 4 77 theme carcinoma 802:810 arg1 lines 817:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines 780:821 four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential 780:890 In the present study, we analyzed the expression of β3GnT8 and its product polylactosamine in four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (LS-174T, SW620, SW480 and LoVo) with different metastatic potential. 24573103 1 78 theme glycosyltransferases 304:323 arg1 expression 290:299 the upregulated expression 274:299 the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases 274:323 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 5 79 theme high 1039:1042 arg1 potential 1055:1063 low to high metastatic potential 1032:1063 low to high metastatic potential 1032:1063 We found that the levels of β3GnT8 and polylactosamine chains were gradually increased in the colorectal cancer cell lines in a trend from low to high metastatic potential. 24573103 1 80 dep invasion 197:204 arg1 the 193:195 the 193:195 the 193:195 Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins is commonly associated with the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinomas, which can be attributed to the upregulated expression of glycosyltransferases. 24573103 0 81 theme carcinoma 56:64 arg1 cells 66:70 colorectal carcinoma cells 45:70 colorectal carcinoma cells 45:70 β3GnT8 regulates the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma cells by altering the glycosylation of CD147. 24573103 10 82 from structures 1717:1726 arg1 CD147 1731:1735 CD147 1731:1735 CD147 1731:1735 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 7 83 theme β3GnT8 1319:1324 arg1 expression 1305:1314 expression 1305:1314 expression of β3GnT8 1305:1324 To further investigate their relationships, exogenous β3GnT8 was introduced into the LS-174T cells, while expression of β3GnT8 was downregulated in the LoVo cells. 24573103 10 84 theme major 1570:1574 arg1 HG-CD147 1556:1563 HG-CD147 1556:1563 HG-CD147 1556:1563 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 10 84 theme major 1570:1574 arg1 carrier 1576:1582 a major carrier 1568:1582 a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1568:1622 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 11 85 theme key 1776:1778 arg1 role 1780:1783 a key role 1774:1783 a key role 1774:1783 Hence, we suggest that β3GnT8 plays a key role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by altering the β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars of CD147. 24573103 10 86 theme polylactosamine 1601:1615 arg1 sugars 1617:1622 β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1587:1622 β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars 1587:1622 HG-CD147 is a major carrier of β1,6-branched polylactosamine sugars; therefore, the regulation of β3GnT8 significantly altered the β1,6-branched polylactosamine structures on CD147. 24573103 3 87 theme polylactosamine 583:597 arg1 chains 600:605 poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains 557:605 poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains 557:605 β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-8 (β3GnT8) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (polylactosamine) chains on β1,6-branched N-glycans in vitro, which is also involved in tumor invasion. 24685462 2 0 theme ratio 314:318 arg1 variables 247:255 The three variables 237:255 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) 237:348 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 4 1 theme quadratic 679:687 arg1 equation 700:707 the quadratic regression equation 675:707 the quadratic regression equation 675:707 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 4 1 theme quadratic 679:687 arg1 model 740:744 a predicted model 728:744 a predicted model 728:744 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 0 2 theme composite 80:88 arg1 design 90:95 central composite design 72:95 central composite design 72:95 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 0 3 from optimization 11:22 arg1 Radix 63:67 Radix 63:67 Radix 63:67 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 7 4 theme optimum 990:996 arg1 % 1024:1024 5.68% 1020:1024 5.68% 1020:1024 The predicted value was verified in triplicates under the optimum conditions, which was 5.68% and well matched with the predictive yield. 24685462 7 4 theme optimum 990:996 arg1 conditions 998:1007 the optimum conditions 986:1007 the optimum conditions 986:1007 The predicted value was verified in triplicates under the optimum conditions, which was 5.68% and well matched with the predictive yield. 24685462 3 5 theme imperfect 454:462 arg1 presence 411:418 the presence 407:418 the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction 407:480 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 4 6 theme regression 654:663 arg1 analysis 665:672 regression analysis 654:672 regression analysis 654:672 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 7 7 theme predictive 1052:1061 arg1 yield 1063:1067 the predictive yield 1048:1067 the predictive yield 1048:1067 The predicted value was verified in triplicates under the optimum conditions, which was 5.68% and well matched with the predictive yield. 24685462 0 8 from Radix 63:67 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 0:96 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 0 8 from Radix 63:67 arg1 polysaccharide 31:44 the polysaccharide 27:44 the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix 27:67 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 2 9 theme temperature 271:281 arg1 variables 247:255 The three variables 237:255 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) 237:348 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 3 10 from effects 528:534 arg1 yield 565:569 the yield 561:569 the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield 561:635 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 2 11 theme extraction 260:269 arg1 temperature 271:281 extraction temperature 260:281 extraction temperature (X1) 260:286 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 11 theme extraction 260:269 arg1 X1 284:285 X1 284:285 X1 284:285 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 5 12 theme 0.9825 759:764 arg1 R 751:751 The R(2) 747:754 The R(2) of 0.9825 747:764 The R(2) of 0.9825 indicated that the equation was well-fitted. 24685462 3 13 theme maximum 623:629 arg1 yield 631:635 the maximum yield 619:635 the maximum yield 619:635 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 7 14 theme predicted 936:944 arg1 value 946:950 The predicted value 932:950 The predicted value 932:950 The predicted value was verified in triplicates under the optimum conditions, which was 5.68% and well matched with the predictive yield. 24685462 0 15 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 0:96 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 1 16 theme water 161:165 arg1 extraction 167:176 the water extraction 157:176 the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper 157:234 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 2 17 theme extraction 289:298 arg1 X2 306:307 X2 306:307 X2 306:307 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 17 theme extraction 289:298 arg1 time 300:303 extraction time 289:303 extraction time (X2) 289:308 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 18 theme raw 332:334 arg1 material 336:343 raw material 332:343 raw material (X3) 332:348 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 18 theme raw 332:334 arg1 X3 346:347 X3 346:347 X3 346:347 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 19 theme factor 378:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 single factor analysis first 371:398 single factor analysis first 371:398 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 3 20 theme paper 502:506 arg1 purpose 487:493 the purpose 483:493 the purpose of the paper 483:506 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 2 21 theme single 371:376 arg1 analysis 385:392 single factor analysis first 371:398 single factor analysis first 371:398 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 1 22 theme central 102:108 arg1 CCD 128:130 CCD 128:130 CCD 128:130 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 1 22 theme central 102:108 arg1 design 120:125 The central composite design 98:125 The central composite design (CCD) 98:131 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 4 23 theme regression 689:698 arg1 equation 700:707 the quadratic regression equation 675:707 the quadratic regression equation 675:707 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 4 23 theme regression 689:698 arg1 model 740:744 a predicted model 728:744 a predicted model 728:744 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 1 24 theme composite 110:118 arg1 CCD 128:130 CCD 128:130 CCD 128:130 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 1 24 theme composite 110:118 arg1 design 120:125 The central composite design 98:125 The central composite design (CCD) 98:131 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 1 25 theme polysaccharide 185:198 arg1 extraction 167:176 the water extraction 157:176 the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper 157:234 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 4 26 theme predicted 730:738 arg1 equation 700:707 the quadratic regression equation 675:707 the quadratic regression equation 675:707 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 4 26 theme predicted 730:738 arg1 model 740:744 a predicted model 728:744 a predicted model 728:744 By variance and regression analysis, the quadratic regression equation was established as a predicted model. 24685462 6 27 theme polysaccharide 906:919 arg1 yield 893:897 the predicted maximum yield 871:897 the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide 871:919 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 6 27 theme polysaccharide 906:919 arg1 % 929:929 5.78% 925:929 5.78% 925:929 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 0 28 theme polysaccharide 31:44 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 0:96 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 3 29 theme active 423:428 arg1 polysaccharides 430:444 active polysaccharides 423:444 active polysaccharides 423:444 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 2 30 theme first 394:398 arg1 analysis 385:392 single factor analysis first 371:398 single factor analysis first 371:398 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 3 31 theme polysaccharides 430:444 arg1 presence 411:418 the presence 407:418 the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction 407:480 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 1 32 from Radix 217:221 arg1 extraction 167:176 the water extraction 157:176 the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper 157:234 The central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the water extraction of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix in the paper. 24685462 3 33 theme selected 539:546 arg1 variables 548:556 selected variables 539:556 selected variables 539:556 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 3 34 theme extraction 471:480 arg1 imperfect 454:462 imperfect 454:462 imperfect 454:462 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 3 35 theme polysaccharide 574:587 arg1 yield 565:569 the yield 561:569 the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield 561:635 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 3 36 theme variables 548:556 arg1 effects 528:534 the effects 524:534 the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield 524:635 Since the presence of active polysaccharides and the imperfect of its extraction, the purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effects of selected variables on the yield of polysaccharide, which was expected to obtain the maximum yield. 24685462 2 37 theme time 300:303 arg1 variables 247:255 The three variables 237:255 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) 237:348 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 0 38 theme central 72:78 arg1 design 90:95 central composite design 72:95 central composite design 72:95 Extraction optimization of the polysaccharide from Adenophorae Radix by central composite design. 24685462 2 39 theme water 323:327 arg1 temperature 271:281 extraction temperature 260:281 extraction temperature (X1) 260:286 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 39 theme water 323:327 arg1 ratio 314:318 ratio 314:318 ratio of water to raw material (X3) 314:348 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 39 theme water 323:327 arg1 time 300:303 extraction time 289:303 extraction time (X2) 289:308 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 39 theme water 323:327 arg1 X1 284:285 X1 284:285 X1 284:285 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 2 39 theme water 323:327 arg1 X2 306:307 X2 306:307 X2 306:307 The three variables of extraction temperature (X1), extraction time (X2) and ratio of water to raw material (X3) were investigated by single factor analysis first. 24685462 6 40 theme maximum 885:891 arg1 yield 893:897 the predicted maximum yield 871:897 the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide 871:919 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 6 40 theme maximum 885:891 arg1 % 929:929 5.78% 925:929 5.78% 925:929 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 6 41 theme optimal 815:821 arg1 72.5°C 839:844 72.5°C 839:844 72.5°C 839:844 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 6 41 theme optimal 815:821 arg1 conditions 823:832 The optimal conditions 811:832 The optimal conditions 811:832 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 6 42 theme predicted 875:883 arg1 yield 893:897 the predicted maximum yield 871:897 the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide 871:919 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 24685462 6 42 theme predicted 875:883 arg1 % 929:929 5.78% 925:929 5.78% 925:929 The optimal conditions were 72.5°C, 133min, 1:35 (g/mL) and the predicted maximum yield of the polysaccharide was 5.78%. 25771925 6 0 theme MPa 1234:1236 arg1 range 1217:1221 the range 1213:1221 the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa 1213:1249 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 4 1 theme EDS 706:708 arg1 scans 710:714 EDS scans 706:714 EDS scans of the scaffolds 706:731 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 3 2 theme tensile 528:534 arg1 testing 536:542 unidirectional tensile testing 513:542 unidirectional tensile testing 513:542 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 5 3 theme FESEM 927:931 arg1 micrographs 933:943 FESEM micrographs 927:943 FESEM micrographs 927:943 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 6 4 link crosslinked 1170:1180 arg1 compositions 1192:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 4 5 contain have 846:849 arg1 fibers 752:757 the fibers 748:757 the fibers 748:757 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 4 5 contain have 846:849 arg2 content 888:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 4 6 theme wt 902:903 arg1 % 905:905 10 wt % additive 899:914 10 wt % additive 899:914 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 2 7 theme scaffolds 369:377 arg1 electrospinning 308:322 electrospinning 308:322 electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents 308:431 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 5 8 theme extracellular 1079:1091 arg1 matrix 1093:1098 the extracellular matrix 1075:1098 the extracellular matrix of bone 1075:1106 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 3 9 theme surface 578:584 arg1 morphology 586:595 fiber surface morphology 572:595 fiber surface morphology 572:595 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 2 10 theme composite 359:367 arg1 scaffolds 369:377 fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 327:377 fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents 327:431 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 4 11 theme crystalline 853:863 arg1 content 888:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 7 12 theme mineralized 1293:1303 arg1 fibers 1305:1310 the mineralized fibers 1289:1310 the mineralized fibers 1289:1310 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 1 13 theme Biopolymer-ceramic 118:135 arg1 composites 137:146 Biopolymer-ceramic composites 118:146 Biopolymer-ceramic composites 118:146 Biopolymer-ceramic composites are thought to be particularly promising materials for bone tissue engineering as they more closely mimic natural bone. 25771925 5 14 located found 1066:1070 arg2 range 1031:1035 the range 1027:1035 the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone 1027:1106 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 5 14 located found 1066:1070 arg1 matrix 1093:1098 the extracellular matrix 1075:1098 the extracellular matrix of bone 1075:1106 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 3 15 theme Scanning 434:441 arg1 FESEM 464:468 FESEM 464:468 FESEM 464:468 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 15 theme Scanning 434:441 arg1 microscopy 452:461 Scanning electron microscopy 434:461 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 434:469 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 2 16 theme fibrous 327:333 arg1 scaffolds 369:377 fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 327:377 fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents 327:431 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 17 theme mineral 416:422 arg1 contents 424:431 mineral contents 416:431 mineral contents 416:431 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 5 18 theme bone 1103:1106 arg1 matrix 1093:1098 the extracellular matrix 1075:1098 the extracellular matrix of bone 1075:1106 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 4 19 theme mineral 880:886 arg1 content 888:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 0 20 link crosslinked 89:99 arg1 fibers 110:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 3 21 theme elemental 598:606 arg1 composition 608:618 elemental composition 598:618 elemental composition 598:618 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 5 22 contain have 980:983 arg2 nm 1004:1005 122-249 nm 996:1005 122-249 nm 996:1005 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 5 22 contain have 980:983 arg2 diameters 985:993 diameters 985:993 diameters (122-249 nm) 985:1006 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 5 22 contain have 980:983 arg1 fibers 973:978 all electrospun fibers 957:978 all electrospun fibers 957:978 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 0 23 theme Osteoblast 0:9 arg1 biocompatibility 11:26 Osteoblast biocompatibility 0:26 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 0:116 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 6 24 theme MPa 1247:1249 arg1 range 1217:1221 the range 1213:1221 the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa 1213:1249 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 4 25 theme hydroxyapatite 865:878 arg1 content 888:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content 851:894 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 6 26 theme tensile 1138:1144 arg1 strength 1146:1153 ultimate tensile strength 1129:1153 ultimate tensile strength 1129:1153 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 0 27 theme premineralized 31:44 arg1 fibers 110:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 7 28 theme good 1337:1340 arg1 biocompatibility 1342:1357 good biocompatibility 1337:1357 good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications 1337:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 5 29 theme electrospun 961:971 arg1 fibers 973:978 all electrospun fibers 957:978 all electrospun fibers 957:978 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 1 30 theme natural 254:260 arg1 bone 262:265 natural bone 254:265 natural bone 254:265 Biopolymer-ceramic composites are thought to be particularly promising materials for bone tissue engineering as they more closely mimic natural bone. 25771925 7 31 theme future 1408:1413 arg1 applications 1439:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 6 32 theme crosslinked 1170:1180 arg1 compositions 1192:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 2 33 theme chitosan-hydroxyapatite 335:357 arg1 scaffolds 369:377 fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds 327:377 fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents 327:431 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 3 34 theme ultimate 657:664 arg1 strength 674:681 ultimate tensile strength 657:681 ultimate tensile strength 657:681 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 7 35 from use 1383:1385 arg1 applications 1439:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 1 36 theme bone 203:206 arg1 engineering 215:225 bone tissue engineering 203:225 bone tissue engineering 203:225 Biopolymer-ceramic composites are thought to be particularly promising materials for bone tissue engineering as they more closely mimic natural bone. 25771925 3 37 theme electron 443:450 arg1 FESEM 464:468 FESEM 464:468 FESEM 464:468 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 37 theme electron 443:450 arg1 microscopy 452:461 Scanning electron microscopy 434:461 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) 434:469 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 38 theme unidirectional 513:526 arg1 testing 536:542 unidirectional tensile testing 513:542 unidirectional tensile testing 513:542 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 39 theme tensile 666:672 arg1 strength 674:681 ultimate tensile strength 657:681 ultimate tensile strength 657:681 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 40 theme tensile 625:631 arg1 modulus 641:647 tensile Young's modulus 625:647 tensile Young's modulus (E) 625:651 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 40 theme tensile 625:631 arg1 σUTS 684:687 σUTS 684:687 σUTS 684:687 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 40 theme tensile 625:631 arg1 E 650:650 E 650:650 E 650:650 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 41 theme energy 472:477 arg1 EDS 504:506 EDS 504:506 EDS 504:506 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 41 theme energy 472:477 arg1 spectroscopy 490:501 energy dispersive spectroscopy 472:501 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 472:507 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 42 theme Young 633:637 arg1 modulus 641:647 tensile Young's modulus 625:647 tensile Young's modulus (E) 625:651 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 42 theme Young 633:637 arg1 σUTS 684:687 σUTS 684:687 σUTS 684:687 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 42 theme Young 633:637 arg1 E 650:650 E 650:650 E 650:650 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 43 theme dispersive 479:488 arg1 EDS 504:506 EDS 504:506 EDS 504:506 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 3 43 theme dispersive 479:488 arg1 spectroscopy 490:501 energy dispersive spectroscopy 472:501 energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) 472:507 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 0 44 theme chitosan 101:108 arg1 fibers 110:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 4 45 theme additive 907:914 arg1 % 905:905 10 wt % additive 899:914 10 wt % additive 899:914 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 2 46 dep low 384:386 arg1 contents 424:431 mineral contents 416:431 mineral contents 416:431 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 0 47 theme crosslinked 89:99 arg1 fibers 110:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers 31:115 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 6 48 theme various 1162:1168 arg1 compositions 1192:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 7 49 theme potential 1373:1381 arg1 use 1383:1385 the potential use 1369:1385 the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications 1369:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 1 50 theme promising 179:187 arg1 materials 189:197 particularly promising materials 166:197 particularly promising materials for bone tissue engineering 166:225 Biopolymer-ceramic composites are thought to be particularly promising materials for bone tissue engineering as they more closely mimic natural bone. 25771925 7 51 theme engineering 1427:1437 arg1 applications 1439:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 5 52 theme those 1040:1044 arg1 range 1031:1035 the range 1027:1035 the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone 1027:1106 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 0 53 dep premineralized 31:44 arg1 hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate 47:87 hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate 47:87 hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate 47:87 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 7 54 theme bone 1415:1418 arg1 applications 1439:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 4 55 theme scaffolds 723:731 arg1 scans 710:714 EDS scans 706:714 EDS scans of the scaffolds 706:731 EDS scans of the scaffolds indicated that the fibers, crosslinked with either hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) or genipin, have a crystalline hydroxyapatite mineral content at 10 wt % additive. 25771925 6 56 theme ultimate 1129:1136 arg1 strength 1146:1153 ultimate tensile strength 1129:1153 ultimate tensile strength 1129:1153 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 7 57 theme tissue 1420:1425 arg1 applications 1439:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 future bone tissue engineering applications 1408:1450 Osteocytes seeded onto the mineralized fibers were able to demonstrate good biocompatibility enhancing the potential use for this material in future bone tissue engineering applications. 25771925 3 58 theme fiber 572:576 arg1 morphology 586:595 fiber surface morphology 572:595 fiber surface morphology 572:595 Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and unidirectional tensile testing were performed to determine fiber surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile Young's modulus (E) and ultimate tensile strength (σUTS ), respectively. 25771925 2 59 theme wt 391:392 arg1 low 384:386 low 384:386 low 384:386 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 59 theme wt 391:392 arg1 % 394:394 1 wt % 389:394 1 wt % 389:394 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 6 60 theme Young 1109:1113 arg1 modulus 1117:1123 Young's modulus 1109:1123 Young's modulus 1109:1123 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 5 61 theme fibrous 1049:1055 arg1 collagen 1057:1064 fibrous collagen 1049:1064 fibrous collagen 1049:1064 Moreover, FESEM micrographs showed that all electrospun fibers have diameters (122-249 nm), which fall within the range of those of fibrous collagen found in the extracellular matrix of bone. 25771925 6 62 theme compositions 1192:1203 arg1 strength 1146:1153 ultimate tensile strength 1129:1153 ultimate tensile strength 1129:1153 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 6 62 theme compositions 1192:1203 arg1 modulus 1117:1123 Young's modulus 1109:1123 Young's modulus 1109:1123 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 2 63 theme wt 410:411 arg1 % 413:413 10 wt % 407:413 10 wt % 407:413 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 63 theme wt 410:411 arg1 high 401:404 high 401:404 high 401:404 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 64 with scaffolds 369:377 arg1 low 384:386 low 384:386 low 384:386 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 64 with scaffolds 369:377 arg1 % 413:413 10 wt % 407:413 10 wt % 407:413 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 64 with scaffolds 369:377 arg1 % 394:394 1 wt % 389:394 1 wt % 389:394 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 2 64 with scaffolds 369:377 arg1 high 401:404 high 401:404 high 401:404 Here, we demonstrate the fabrication by electrospinning of fibrous chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds with low (1 wt %) and high (10 wt %) mineral contents. 25771925 0 65 theme fibers 110:115 arg1 biocompatibility 11:26 Osteoblast biocompatibility 0:26 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 0:116 Osteoblast biocompatibility of premineralized, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate crosslinked chitosan fibers. 25771925 6 66 theme composite 1182:1190 arg1 compositions 1192:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 the various crosslinked composite compositions 1158:1203 Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the various crosslinked composite compositions were in the range of 116-329 MPa and 2-15 MPa, respectively. 25771925 1 67 theme tissue 208:213 arg1 engineering 215:225 bone tissue engineering 203:225 bone tissue engineering 203:225 Biopolymer-ceramic composites are thought to be particularly promising materials for bone tissue engineering as they more closely mimic natural bone. 26923585 0 0 theme Muscular 93:100 arg1 Dystrophy 102:110 Muscular Dystrophy 93:110 Muscular Dystrophy 93:110 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 10 1 theme glycosylation 1168:1180 arg1 basis 1143:1147 the molecular basis 1129:1147 the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation 1129:1180 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 0 2 with Modification 39:50 arg1 Ribitol-Phosphate 57:73 Ribitol-Phosphate 57:73 Ribitol-Phosphate 57:73 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 1 3 theme many 190:193 arg1 processes 206:214 many biological processes 190:214 many biological processes 190:214 Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases. 26923585 4 4 theme tandem 530:535 arg1 repeat 537:542 a tandem repeat 528:542 a tandem repeat 528:542 Rbo5P forms a tandem repeat and functions as a scaffold for the formation of the ligand-binding moiety. 26923585 5 5 theme major 660:664 arg1 proteins 695:702 three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins 654:702 three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins 654:702 We show that enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins are involved in the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P. 26923585 1 6 theme biological 195:204 arg1 processes 206:214 many biological processes 190:214 many biological processes 190:214 Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases. 26923585 0 7 from Identification 0:13 arg1 Dystrophy 102:110 Muscular Dystrophy 93:110 Muscular Dystrophy 93:110 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 5 8 theme α-dystroglycanopathy-causing 666:693 arg1 proteins 695:702 three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins 654:702 three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins 654:702 We show that enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins are involved in the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P. 26923585 4 9 theme ligand-binding 597:610 arg1 moiety 612:617 the ligand-binding moiety 593:617 the ligand-binding moiety 593:617 Rbo5P forms a tandem repeat and functions as a scaffold for the formation of the ligand-binding moiety. 26923585 5 10 theme proteins 695:702 arg1 activities 640:649 enzyme activities 633:649 enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins 633:702 We show that enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins are involved in the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P. 26923585 10 11 from pathogenesis 1207:1218 arg1 diseases 1266:1273 α-DG-associated diseases 1250:1273 α-DG-associated diseases 1250:1273 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 2 12 theme muscular 311:318 arg1 dystrophy 320:328 muscular dystrophy 311:328 muscular dystrophy 311:328 α-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a receptor for matrix and synaptic proteins that causes muscular dystrophy and lissencephaly upon its abnormal glycosylation (α-dystroglycanopathies). 26923585 7 13 theme acting 901:906 arg1 transferases 914:925 sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases 888:925 sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo 888:942 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 7 13 theme acting 901:906 arg1 protein 876:882 fukutin-related protein 860:882 fukutin-related protein 860:882 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 7 13 theme acting 901:906 arg1 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 6 14 theme CDP-Rbo 829:835 arg1 synthase 838:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 7 15 theme Rbo5P 908:912 arg1 transferases 914:925 sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases 888:925 sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo 888:942 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 7 15 theme Rbo5P 908:912 arg1 protein 876:882 fukutin-related protein 860:882 fukutin-related protein 860:882 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 7 15 theme Rbo5P 908:912 arg1 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 5 16 theme enzyme 633:638 arg1 activities 640:649 enzyme activities 633:649 enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins 633:702 We show that enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins are involved in the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P. 26923585 9 17 theme CDP-Rbo 1043:1049 arg1 Supplementation 1024:1038 Supplementation 1024:1038 Supplementation of CDP-Rbo to ISPD-deficient cells 1024:1073 Supplementation of CDP-Rbo to ISPD-deficient cells restored α-DG glycosylation. 26923585 10 18 from strategies 1236:1245 arg1 diseases 1266:1273 α-DG-associated diseases 1250:1273 α-DG-associated diseases 1250:1273 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 3 19 theme phosphoric 470:479 arg1 5-phosphate 447:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate 423:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 423:465 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 19 theme phosphoric 470:479 arg1 ester 481:485 a phosphoric ester 468:485 a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG 468:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 20 theme glycan 427:432 arg1 5-phosphate 447:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate 423:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 423:465 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 20 theme glycan 427:432 arg1 ester 481:485 a phosphoric ester 468:485 a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG 468:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 20 theme glycan 427:432 arg1 Rbo5P 460:464 Rbo5P 460:464 Rbo5P 460:464 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 6 21 theme ribitol 820:826 arg1 synthase 838:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 3 22 theme unit 434:437 arg1 5-phosphate 447:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate 423:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 423:465 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 22 theme unit 434:437 arg1 ester 481:485 a phosphoric ester 468:485 a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG 468:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 22 theme unit 434:437 arg1 Rbo5P 460:464 Rbo5P 460:464 Rbo5P 460:464 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 23 from α-DG 510:513 arg1 5-phosphate 447:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate 423:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 423:465 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 23 from α-DG 510:513 arg1 ester 481:485 a phosphoric ester 468:485 a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG 468:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 7 24 theme fukutin-related 860:874 arg1 transferases 914:925 sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases 888:925 sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo 888:942 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 7 24 theme fukutin-related 860:874 arg1 protein 876:882 fukutin-related protein 860:882 fukutin-related protein 860:882 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 7 24 theme fukutin-related 860:874 arg1 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin 848:854 Fukutin and fukutin-related protein are sequentially acting Rbo5P transferases that use CDP-Rbo. 26923585 0 25 theme Post-translational 20:37 arg1 Modification 39:50 a Post-translational Modification 18:50 a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate 18:73 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 6 26 theme diphosphate 808:818 arg1 synthase 838:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 6 27 theme cytidine 799:806 arg1 synthase 838:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase 799:845 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 3 28 theme pentose 490:496 arg1 alcohol 498:504 pentose alcohol 490:504 pentose alcohol 490:504 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 9 29 theme ISPD-deficient 1054:1067 arg1 cells 1069:1073 ISPD-deficient cells 1054:1073 ISPD-deficient cells 1054:1073 Supplementation of CDP-Rbo to ISPD-deficient cells restored α-DG glycosylation. 26923585 10 30 theme therapeutic 1224:1234 arg1 strategies 1236:1245 therapeutic strategies 1224:1245 therapeutic strategies 1224:1245 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 8 31 theme Rbo5P 959:963 arg1 glycosylation 965:977 Rbo5P glycosylation 959:977 Rbo5P glycosylation 959:977 Consequently, Rbo5P glycosylation is defective in α-dystroglycanopathy models. 26923585 3 32 theme alcohol 498:504 arg1 5-phosphate 447:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate 423:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 423:465 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 32 theme alcohol 498:504 arg1 ester 481:485 a phosphoric ester 468:485 a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG 468:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 5 33 theme tandem 737:742 arg1 Rbo5P 744:748 tandem Rbo5P 737:748 tandem Rbo5P 737:748 We show that enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins are involved in the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P. 26923585 8 34 from models 1016:1021 arg1 defective 982:990 defective 982:990 defective 982:990 Consequently, Rbo5P glycosylation is defective in α-dystroglycanopathy models. 26923585 0 35 theme Modification 39:50 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate 0:73 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 0 35 theme Modification 39:50 arg1 Defect 83:88 Its Defect 79:88 Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy 79:110 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 5 36 theme Rbo5P 744:748 arg1 synthesis 724:732 the synthesis 720:732 the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P 720:748 We show that enzyme activities of three major α-dystroglycanopathy-causing proteins are involved in the synthesis of tandem Rbo5P. 26923585 0 37 from Defect 83:88 arg1 Dystrophy 102:110 Muscular Dystrophy 93:110 Muscular Dystrophy 93:110 Identification of a Post-translational Modification with Ribitol-Phosphate and Its Defect in Muscular Dystrophy. 26923585 3 38 from ester 481:485 arg1 α-DG 510:513 α-DG 510:513 α-DG 510:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 39 theme ribitol 439:445 arg1 5-phosphate 447:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate 423:457 the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) 423:465 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 39 theme ribitol 439:445 arg1 ester 481:485 a phosphoric ester 468:485 a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG 468:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 3 39 theme ribitol 439:445 arg1 Rbo5P 460:464 Rbo5P 460:464 Rbo5P 460:464 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 10 40 theme mammalian 1152:1160 arg1 glycosylation 1168:1180 mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation 1152:1180 mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation 1152:1180 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 1 41 theme essential 133:141 arg1 modification 162:173 an essential post-translational modification 130:173 an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases 130:227 Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases. 26923585 1 41 theme essential 133:141 arg1 Glycosylation 113:125 Glycosylation 113:125 Glycosylation 113:125 Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases. 26923585 10 42 theme α-DG-associated 1250:1264 arg1 diseases 1266:1273 α-DG-associated diseases 1250:1273 α-DG-associated diseases 1250:1273 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 3 43 from alcohol 498:504 arg1 α-DG 510:513 α-DG 510:513 α-DG 510:513 Here we identify the glycan unit ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P), a phosphoric ester of pentose alcohol, in α-DG. 26923585 1 44 theme post-translational 143:160 arg1 modification 162:173 an essential post-translational modification 130:173 an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases 130:227 Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases. 26923585 1 44 theme post-translational 143:160 arg1 Glycosylation 113:125 Glycosylation 113:125 Glycosylation 113:125 Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that underlies many biological processes and diseases. 26923585 10 45 theme molecular 1133:1141 arg1 basis 1143:1147 the molecular basis 1129:1147 the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation 1129:1180 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 2 46 theme synaptic 281:288 arg1 proteins 290:297 matrix and synaptic proteins 270:297 proteins 290:297 α-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a receptor for matrix and synaptic proteins that causes muscular dystrophy and lissencephaly upon its abnormal glycosylation (α-dystroglycanopathies). 26923585 6 47 theme domain-containing 771:787 arg1 synthase 762:769 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing 751:787 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) 751:794 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 6 47 theme domain-containing 771:787 arg1 ISPD 790:793 ISPD 790:793 ISPD 790:793 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 2 48 theme abnormal 357:364 arg1 α-dystroglycanopathies 381:402 α-dystroglycanopathies 381:402 α-dystroglycanopathies 381:402 α-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a receptor for matrix and synaptic proteins that causes muscular dystrophy and lissencephaly upon its abnormal glycosylation (α-dystroglycanopathies). 26923585 2 48 theme abnormal 357:364 arg1 glycosylation 366:378 its abnormal glycosylation 353:378 its abnormal glycosylation (α-dystroglycanopathies) 353:403 α-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a receptor for matrix and synaptic proteins that causes muscular dystrophy and lissencephaly upon its abnormal glycosylation (α-dystroglycanopathies). 26923585 4 49 theme moiety 612:617 arg1 formation 580:588 the formation 576:588 the formation of the ligand-binding moiety 576:617 Rbo5P forms a tandem repeat and functions as a scaffold for the formation of the ligand-binding moiety. 26923585 10 50 theme Rbo5P 1162:1166 arg1 glycosylation 1168:1180 mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation 1152:1180 mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation 1152:1180 These findings establish the molecular basis of mammalian Rbo5P glycosylation and provide insight into pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies in α-DG-associated diseases. 26923585 8 51 theme α-dystroglycanopathy 995:1014 arg1 models 1016:1021 α-dystroglycanopathy models 995:1021 α-dystroglycanopathy models 995:1021 Consequently, Rbo5P glycosylation is defective in α-dystroglycanopathy models. 26923585 8 52 from defective 982:990 arg1 models 1016:1021 α-dystroglycanopathy models 995:1021 α-dystroglycanopathy models 995:1021 Consequently, Rbo5P glycosylation is defective in α-dystroglycanopathy models. 26923585 9 53 theme α-DG 1084:1087 arg1 glycosylation 1089:1101 α-DG glycosylation 1084:1101 α-DG glycosylation 1084:1101 Supplementation of CDP-Rbo to ISPD-deficient cells restored α-DG glycosylation. 26923585 2 54 theme matrix 270:275 arg1 proteins 290:297 matrix and synaptic proteins 270:297 proteins 290:297 α-dystroglycan (α-DG) is a receptor for matrix and synaptic proteins that causes muscular dystrophy and lissencephaly upon its abnormal glycosylation (α-dystroglycanopathies). 26923585 6 55 theme Isoprenoid 751:760 arg1 synthase 762:769 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing 751:787 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) 751:794 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 26923585 6 55 theme Isoprenoid 751:760 arg1 ISPD 790:793 ISPD 790:793 ISPD 790:793 Isoprenoid synthase domain-containing (ISPD) is cytidine diphosphate ribitol (CDP-Rbo) synthase. 25458293 4 0 theme composites 476:485 arg1 strength 429:436 compression strength 417:436 compression strength 417:436 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 4 0 theme composites 476:485 arg1 stability 451:459 chemical stability 442:459 chemical stability 442:459 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 5 1 theme cells 758:762 arg1 viability 745:753 the viability 741:753 the viability of cells 741:762 Cells were successfully encapsulated in the TOBC/SA composites, and the viability of cells was investigated. 25458293 5 2 theme TOBC/SA 717:723 arg1 composites 725:734 the TOBC/SA composites 713:734 the TOBC/SA composites 713:734 Cells were successfully encapsulated in the TOBC/SA composites, and the viability of cells was investigated. 25458293 1 3 theme bacterial 71:79 arg1 alginate 105:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate 56:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 3 theme bacterial 71:79 arg1 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 4 theme cellulose 81:89 arg1 alginate 105:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate 56:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 4 theme cellulose 81:89 arg1 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 4 5 theme important 572:580 arg1 function 582:589 an important function 569:589 an important function 569:589 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 2 6 theme room 277:280 arg1 temperature 282:292 room temperature 277:292 room temperature 277:292 TOBC fibers were obtained using a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25458293 1 7 theme TOBC 92:95 arg1 alginate 105:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate 56:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 7 theme TOBC 92:95 arg1 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 4 8 theme TOBC/SA 468:474 arg1 composites 476:485 the TOBC/SA composites 464:485 the TOBC/SA composites 464:485 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 3 9 dep solution 375:382 arg1 the 352:354 the 352:354 the 352:354 The fibrillated TOBCs mixed with SA were cross-linked in the presence of Ca(2+) solution to form hydrogel composites. 25458293 3 9 dep solution 375:382 arg1 presence 356:363 presence 356:363 presence 356:363 The fibrillated TOBCs mixed with SA were cross-linked in the presence of Ca(2+) solution to form hydrogel composites. 25458293 6 10 theme TOBC/SA 782:788 arg1 candidate 820:828 a potential candidate 808:828 a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering 808:863 TOBC/SA composites can be a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering. 25458293 6 10 theme TOBC/SA 782:788 arg1 composites 790:799 TOBC/SA composites 782:799 TOBC/SA composites 782:799 TOBC/SA composites can be a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering. 25458293 1 11 theme hydrogel 173:180 arg1 properties 159:168 the properties 155:168 the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation 155:203 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 12 theme -sodium 97:103 arg1 alginate 105:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate 56:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 12 theme -sodium 97:103 arg1 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 3 13 theme hydrogel 392:399 arg1 composites 401:410 hydrogel composites 392:410 hydrogel composites 392:410 The fibrillated TOBCs mixed with SA were cross-linked in the presence of Ca(2+) solution to form hydrogel composites. 25458293 1 14 theme alginate 105:112 arg1 composites 119:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 15 theme cell 186:189 arg1 encapsulation 191:203 cell encapsulation 186:203 cell encapsulation 186:203 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 0 16 theme cell 36:39 arg1 encapsulation 41:53 cell encapsulation 36:53 cell encapsulation 36:53 Nanocellulose-alginate hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 3 17 theme Ca 368:369 arg1 solution 375:382 Ca(2+) solution 368:382 Ca(2+) solution 368:382 The fibrillated TOBCs mixed with SA were cross-linked in the presence of Ca(2+) solution to form hydrogel composites. 25458293 4 18 theme structural 608:617 arg1 stability 644:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability 604:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites 604:670 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 4 19 theme compression 417:427 arg1 strength 429:436 compression strength 417:436 compression strength 417:436 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 4 20 theme chemical 442:449 arg1 stability 451:459 chemical stability 442:459 chemical stability 442:459 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 4 21 theme mechanical 620:629 arg1 stability 644:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability 604:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites 604:670 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 3 22 theme fibrillated 299:309 arg1 TOBCs 311:315 The fibrillated TOBCs 295:315 The fibrillated TOBCs mixed with SA 295:329 The fibrillated TOBCs mixed with SA were cross-linked in the presence of Ca(2+) solution to form hydrogel composites. 25458293 6 23 theme encapsulation 839:851 arg1 engineering 853:863 cell encapsulation engineering 834:863 cell encapsulation engineering 834:863 TOBC/SA composites can be a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering. 25458293 6 24 theme cell 834:837 arg1 engineering 853:863 cell encapsulation engineering 834:863 cell encapsulation engineering 834:863 TOBC/SA composites can be a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering. 25458293 4 25 theme SA 520:521 arg1 hydrogel 523:530 the SA hydrogel 516:530 the SA hydrogel 516:530 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 2 26 theme TOBC 206:209 arg1 fibers 211:216 TOBC fibers 206:216 TOBC fibers 206:216 TOBC fibers were obtained using a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25458293 6 27 theme potential 810:818 arg1 candidate 820:828 a potential candidate 808:828 a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering 808:863 TOBC/SA composites can be a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering. 25458293 6 27 theme potential 810:818 arg1 composites 790:799 TOBC/SA composites 782:799 TOBC/SA composites 782:799 TOBC/SA composites can be a potential candidate for cell encapsulation engineering. 25458293 1 28 theme TEMPO-oxidized 56:69 arg1 alginate 105:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate 56:112 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites 56:128 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 1 28 theme TEMPO-oxidized 56:69 arg1 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 SA 115:116 TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose (TOBC)-sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared to improve the properties of hydrogel for cell encapsulation. 25458293 4 29 theme chemical 635:642 arg1 stability 644:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability 604:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites 604:670 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 4 30 dep strength 429:436 arg1 The 413:415 The 413:415 The 413:415 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 25458293 2 31 theme TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO 240:255 arg1 system 257:262 a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system 238:262 a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system 238:262 TOBC fibers were obtained using a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system at pH 10 and room temperature. 25458293 4 32 theme composites 661:670 arg1 stability 644:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability 604:652 the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites 604:670 The compression strength and chemical stability of the TOBC/SA composites were increased compared with the SA hydrogel, which indicated that TOBC performed an important function in enhancing the structural, mechanical and chemical stability of the composites. 27916796 11 0 theme nitrite 2210:2216 arg1 weaker 2281:2286 weaker 2281:2286 weaker 2281:2286 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 11 0 theme nitrite 2210:2216 arg1 activities 2229:2238 the nitrite scavenging activities 2206:2238 the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides 2206:2274 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 2 1 theme extraction 368:377 arg1 temperature 379:389 extraction temperature 368:389 extraction temperature 368:389 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 1 theme extraction 368:377 arg1 variables 340:348 three significant variables 322:348 three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) 322:430 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 4 2 theme IR 857:858 arg1 spectrometry 860:871 IR spectrometry 857:871 IR spectrometry 857:871 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 1 3 theme microwave-assisted 277:294 arg1 extraction 296:305 microwave-assisted extraction 277:305 microwave-assisted extraction 277:305 Four seaweed polysaccharides were extracted from Sarcodia ceylonensis, Ulva lactuca L., Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and Durvillaea antarctica, respectively, by microwave-assisted extraction. 27916796 7 4 theme reducing 1686:1693 arg1 power-and 1695:1703 reducing power-and 1686:1703 reducing power-and 1686:1703 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 9 5 theme % 2057:2057 arg1 % 2065:2065 80.07% ± 2.17% 2052:2065 80.07% ± 2.17% 2052:2065 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 2 6 theme significant 328:338 arg1 time 362:365 extraction time 351:365 extraction time 351:365 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 6 theme significant 328:338 arg1 temperature 379:389 extraction temperature 368:389 extraction temperature 368:389 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 6 theme significant 328:338 arg1 ratio 400:404 the ratio 396:404 the ratio of water to raw material 396:429 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 6 theme significant 328:338 arg1 variables 340:348 three significant variables 322:348 three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) 322:430 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 7 theme surface 561:567 arg1 RSM 577:579 RSM 577:579 RSM 577:579 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 7 theme surface 561:567 arg1 method 569:574 the response surface method 548:574 the response surface method (RSM) 548:580 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 7 8 theme scavenging 1661:1670 arg1 capacity 1672:1679 nitrite scavenging capacity 1653:1679 nitrite scavenging capacity 1653:1679 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 4 9 theme Gracilaria 1060:1069 arg1 GLP 1101:1103 Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) 1060:1104 Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) 1060:1104 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 8 10 theme ABTS 1833:1836 arg1 activity 1857:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 10 11 theme other 2174:2178 arg1 polysaccharides 2180:2194 the three other polysaccharides 2164:2194 the three other polysaccharides 2164:2194 The reducing power of DAP was relatively more pronounced than that of the three other polysaccharides. 27916796 4 12 theme polysaccharide 1085:1098 arg1 GLP 1101:1103 Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) 1060:1104 Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) 1060:1104 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 8 13 theme scavenging 1846:1855 arg1 activity 1857:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 7 14 dep in 1478:1479 arg1 vitro 1481:1485 vitro 1481:1485 vitro 1481:1485 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 8 15 theme scavenging 1933:1942 arg1 activity 1944:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 7 16 theme all 1511:1513 arg1 activity 1499:1506 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity 1469:1506 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides 1469:1536 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 11 17 theme antioxidant 2299:2309 arg1 ABTS 2321:2324 ABTS 2321:2324 ABTS 2321:2324 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 11 17 theme antioxidant 2299:2309 arg1 activity 2311:2318 other antioxidant activity 2293:2318 other antioxidant activity (ABTS) 2293:2325 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 0 18 from Seaweeds 109:116 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 0 18 from Seaweeds 109:116 arg1 Characterization 23:38 Structural Characterization 12:38 Structural Characterization 12:38 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 0 18 from Seaweeds 109:116 arg1 Activity 67:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 1 19 theme seaweed 124:130 arg1 polysaccharides 132:146 Four seaweed polysaccharides 119:146 Four seaweed polysaccharides 119:146 Four seaweed polysaccharides were extracted from Sarcodia ceylonensis, Ulva lactuca L., Gracilaria lemaneiformis, and Durvillaea antarctica, respectively, by microwave-assisted extraction. 27916796 11 20 theme seaweed 2252:2258 arg1 polysaccharides 2260:2274 the four seaweed polysaccharides 2243:2274 the four seaweed polysaccharides 2243:2274 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 4 21 theme Sarcodia 885:892 arg1 polysaccharide 906:919 Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide 885:919 Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP) 885:925 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 4 21 theme Sarcodia 885:892 arg1 SCP 922:924 SCP 922:924 SCP 922:924 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 8 22 from effect 1906:1911 arg1 activity 1944:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 2 23 dep variables 340:348 arg1 time 362:365 extraction time 351:365 extraction time 351:365 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 23 dep variables 340:348 arg1 temperature 379:389 extraction temperature 368:389 extraction temperature 368:389 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 23 dep variables 340:348 arg1 ratio 400:404 the ratio 396:404 the ratio of water to raw material 396:429 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 23 dep variables 340:348 arg1 variables 340:348 three significant variables 322:348 three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) 322:430 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 3 24 theme gel 818:820 arg1 chromatography 833:846 high-performance gel permeation chromatography 801:846 high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 801:854 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 24 theme gel 818:820 arg1 HPGPC 849:853 HPGPC 849:853 HPGPC 849:853 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 25 theme gas 772:774 arg1 GC 792:793 GC 792:793 GC 792:793 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 25 theme gas 772:774 arg1 chromatography 776:789 gas chromatography 772:789 gas chromatography (GC) 772:794 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 8 26 theme radical 1925:1931 arg1 activity 1944:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 11 27 theme scavenging 2345:2354 arg1 capacity 2356:2363 hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity 2328:2363 hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity 2328:2363 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 4 28 theme β-pyranosidic 1121:1133 arg1 polysaccharides 1135:1149 β-pyranosidic polysaccharides 1121:1149 β-pyranosidic polysaccharides 1121:1149 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 5 29 theme GLP 1200:1202 arg1 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 29 theme GLP 1200:1202 arg1 weight 1174:1179 The average molecular weight 1152:1179 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP 1152:1211 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 29 theme GLP 1200:1202 arg1 kDa 1240:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 2 30 theme extraction 531:540 arg1 optimization 511:522 the optimization 507:522 the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design 507:606 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 11 31 theme hydroxyl 2328:2335 arg1 radical 2337:2343 hydroxyl radical 2328:2343 hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity 2328:2363 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 4 32 theme lactuca 933:939 arg1 polysaccharide 944:957 Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide 928:957 Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP) 928:964 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 4 32 theme lactuca 933:939 arg1 ULLP 960:963 ULLP 960:963 ULLP 960:963 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 11 33 theme reducing 2370:2377 arg1 power 2379:2383 reducing power 2370:2383 reducing power 2370:2383 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 2 34 from effect 312:317 arg1 process 439:445 the process 435:445 the process for extracting polysaccharides 435:476 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 35 theme water 409:413 arg1 time 362:365 extraction time 351:365 extraction time 351:365 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 35 theme water 409:413 arg1 temperature 379:389 extraction temperature 368:389 extraction temperature 368:389 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 35 theme water 409:413 arg1 ratio 400:404 the ratio 396:404 the ratio of water to raw material 396:429 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 35 theme water 409:413 arg1 variables 340:348 three significant variables 322:348 three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) 322:430 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 7 36 theme different 1558:1566 arg1 ABTS 1628:1631 ABTS 1628:1631 ABTS 1628:1631 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 7 36 theme different 1558:1566 arg1 -bis 1585:1588 different assays-2,2-azino -bis 1558:1588 different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS) 1558:1632 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 7 36 theme different 1558:1566 arg1 sulfonate 1616:1624 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate 1591:1624 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate 1591:1624 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 10 37 theme reducing 2098:2105 arg1 power 2107:2111 The reducing power 2094:2111 The reducing power of DAP 2094:2118 The reducing power of DAP was relatively more pronounced than that of the three other polysaccharides. 27916796 10 37 theme reducing 2098:2105 arg1 pronounced 2140:2149 pronounced 2140:2149 pronounced 2140:2149 The reducing power of DAP was relatively more pronounced than that of the three other polysaccharides. 27916796 0 38 theme Structural 12:21 arg1 Characterization 23:38 Structural Characterization 12:38 Structural Characterization 12:38 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 5 39 theme average 1156:1162 arg1 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 39 theme average 1156:1162 arg1 weight 1174:1179 The average molecular weight 1152:1179 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP 1152:1211 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 39 theme average 1156:1162 arg1 kDa 1240:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 3 40 theme permeation 822:831 arg1 chromatography 833:846 high-performance gel permeation chromatography 801:846 high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 801:854 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 40 theme permeation 822:831 arg1 HPGPC 849:853 HPGPC 849:853 HPGPC 849:853 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 2 41 theme raw 418:420 arg1 material 422:429 raw material 418:429 raw material 418:429 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 7 42 theme chemical 1761:1768 arg1 characteristics 1770:1784 chemical characteristics 1761:1784 chemical characteristics 1761:1784 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 4 43 theme Durvillaea 971:980 arg1 polysaccharide 993:1006 Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide 971:1006 Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) 971:1012 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 4 43 theme Durvillaea 971:980 arg1 DAP 1009:1011 DAP 1009:1011 DAP 1009:1011 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 3 44 theme monosaccharide 639:652 arg1 composition 654:664 monosaccharide composition 639:664 monosaccharide composition 639:664 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 0 45 theme Potential 45:53 arg1 Activity 67:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 9 46 theme scavenging 2004:2013 arg1 activities 2015:2024 excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1977:2024 excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1977:2024 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 2 47 theme extraction 351:360 arg1 time 362:365 extraction time 351:365 extraction time 351:365 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 47 theme extraction 351:360 arg1 variables 340:348 three significant variables 322:348 three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) 322:430 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 12 48 theme lower 2413:2417 arg1 activities 2419:2428 lower activities 2413:2428 lower activities 2413:2428 In addition, GLP exhibited lower activities than the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity. 27916796 6 49 theme comparative 1280:1290 arg1 results 1292:1298 The quantitative and comparative results 1259:1298 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards 1259:1322 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 2 50 theme Box-Behnken 589:599 arg1 design 601:606 a Box-Behnken design 587:606 a Box-Behnken design 587:606 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 9 51 theme hydroxyl 1987:1994 arg1 radical 1996:2002 excellent hydroxyl radical 1977:2002 excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1977:2024 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 4 52 theme sulfated 1023:1030 arg1 polysaccharides 1032:1046 all sulfated polysaccharides 1019:1046 all sulfated polysaccharides 1019:1046 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 3 53 theme molecular 692:700 arg1 weight 702:707 molecular weight 692:707 molecular weight (MW) distribution 692:725 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 53 theme molecular 692:700 arg1 MW 710:711 MW 710:711 MW 710:711 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 6 54 theme external 1305:1312 arg1 standards 1314:1322 external standards 1305:1322 external standards 1305:1322 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 8 55 theme highest 1825:1831 arg1 activity 1857:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 3 56 theme infrared 744:751 arg1 spectrometry 758:769 infrared (IR) spectrometry 744:769 infrared (IR) spectrometry 744:769 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 56 theme infrared 744:751 arg1 IR 754:755 IR 754:755 IR 754:755 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 2 57 theme variables 340:348 arg1 effect 312:317 The effect 308:317 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides 308:476 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 12 58 from samples 2451:2457 arg1 tests 2473:2477 the tests 2469:2477 the tests for the antioxidant activity 2469:2506 In addition, GLP exhibited lower activities than the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity. 27916796 12 58 from samples 2451:2457 arg1 all 2462:2464 all 2462:2464 all 2462:2464 In addition, GLP exhibited lower activities than the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity. 27916796 9 59 dep % 2038:2038 arg1 % 2046:2046 2.31% 2042:2046 83.33% ± 2.31% 2033:2046 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 7 60 theme nitrite 1653:1659 arg1 capacity 1672:1679 nitrite scavenging capacity 1653:1679 nitrite scavenging capacity 1653:1679 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 3 61 theme sulfation 677:685 arg1 composition 654:664 monosaccharide composition 639:664 monosaccharide composition 639:664 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 61 theme sulfation 677:685 arg1 distribution 714:725 molecular weight (MW) distribution 692:725 molecular weight (MW) distribution 692:725 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 61 theme sulfation 677:685 arg1 degree 667:672 degree 667:672 degree of sulfation 667:685 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 61 theme sulfation 677:685 arg1 structure 628:636 The polysaccharide structure 609:636 The polysaccharide structure 609:636 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 4 62 theme lemaneiformis 1071:1083 arg1 GLP 1101:1103 Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) 1060:1104 Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) 1060:1104 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 9 63 theme ± 2059:2059 arg1 % 2065:2065 80.07% ± 2.17% 2052:2065 80.07% ± 2.17% 2052:2065 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 8 64 theme radical 1838:1844 arg1 activity 1857:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity 1821:1864 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 2 65 theme response 552:559 arg1 RSM 577:579 RSM 577:579 RSM 577:579 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 2 65 theme response 552:559 arg1 method 569:574 the response surface method 548:574 the response surface method (RSM) 548:580 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 7 66 dep -bis 1585:1588 arg1 relationship 1709:1720 the relationship 1705:1720 the relationship between their antioxidant activity 1705:1755 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 6 67 theme quantitative 1263:1274 arg1 results 1292:1298 The quantitative and comparative results 1259:1298 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards 1259:1322 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 6 68 from monosaccharide 1348:1361 arg1 ULLP 1374:1377 ULLP 1374:1377 ULLP 1374:1377 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 6 68 from monosaccharide 1348:1361 arg1 SCP 1366:1368 SCP 1366:1368 SCP 1366:1368 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 7 69 theme antioxidant 1487:1497 arg1 activity 1499:1506 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity 1469:1506 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides 1469:1536 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 5 70 theme DAP 1209:1211 arg1 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 70 theme DAP 1209:1211 arg1 weight 1174:1179 The average molecular weight 1152:1179 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP 1152:1211 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 70 theme DAP 1209:1211 arg1 kDa 1240:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 3 71 theme polysaccharide 613:626 arg1 structure 628:636 The polysaccharide structure 609:636 The polysaccharide structure 609:636 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 6 72 with results 1292:1298 arg1 standards 1314:1322 external standards 1305:1322 external standards 1305:1322 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 7 73 theme in 1478:1479 arg1 activity 1499:1506 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity 1469:1506 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides 1469:1536 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 4 74 dep Sarcodia 885:892 arg1 ceylonensis 894:904 ceylonensis 894:904 ceylonensis 894:904 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 7 75 theme hydroxyl 1635:1642 arg1 radical 1644:1650 hydroxyl radical 1635:1650 hydroxyl radical 1635:1650 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 4 76 theme L. 941:942 arg1 polysaccharide 944:957 Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide 928:957 Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP) 928:964 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 4 76 theme L. 941:942 arg1 ULLP 960:963 ULLP 960:963 ULLP 960:963 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 11 77 theme radical 2337:2343 arg1 capacity 2356:2363 hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity 2328:2363 hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity 2328:2363 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 0 78 theme Polysaccharides 83:97 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 0 78 theme Polysaccharides 83:97 arg1 Characterization 23:38 Structural Characterization 12:38 Structural Characterization 12:38 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 0 78 theme Polysaccharides 83:97 arg1 Activity 67:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 3 79 theme high-performance 801:816 arg1 chromatography 833:846 high-performance gel permeation chromatography 801:846 high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 801:854 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 3 79 theme high-performance 801:816 arg1 HPGPC 849:853 HPGPC 849:853 HPGPC 849:853 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 8 80 theme strong 1899:1904 arg1 effect 1906:1911 a strong effect 1897:1911 a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1897:1951 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 11 81 theme scavenging 2218:2227 arg1 weaker 2281:2286 weaker 2281:2286 weaker 2281:2286 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 11 81 theme scavenging 2218:2227 arg1 activities 2229:2238 the nitrite scavenging activities 2206:2238 the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides 2206:2274 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 4 82 theme Ulva 928:931 arg1 polysaccharide 944:957 Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide 928:957 Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP) 928:964 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 4 82 theme Ulva 928:931 arg1 ULLP 960:963 ULLP 960:963 ULLP 960:963 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 10 83 theme DAP 2116:2118 arg1 power 2107:2111 The reducing power 2094:2111 The reducing power of DAP 2094:2118 The reducing power of DAP was relatively more pronounced than that of the three other polysaccharides. 27916796 10 83 theme DAP 2116:2118 arg1 pronounced 2140:2149 pronounced 2140:2149 pronounced 2140:2149 The reducing power of DAP was relatively more pronounced than that of the three other polysaccharides. 27916796 8 84 theme ABTS 1920:1923 arg1 activity 1944:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 the ABTS radical scavenging activity 1916:1951 ULLP presented the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity; ULLP, SCP and DAP also showed a strong effect on the ABTS radical scavenging activity. 27916796 4 85 theme antarctica 982:991 arg1 polysaccharide 993:1006 Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide 971:1006 Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) 971:1012 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 4 85 theme antarctica 982:991 arg1 DAP 1009:1011 DAP 1009:1011 DAP 1009:1011 IR spectrometry showed that Sarcodia ceylonensis polysaccharide (SCP), Ulva lactuca L. polysaccharide (ULLP), and Durvillaea antarctica polysaccharide (DAP) were all sulfated polysaccharides and, except Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP), all belong to β-pyranosidic polysaccharides. 27916796 12 86 theme other 2439:2443 arg1 samples 2451:2457 the other three samples 2435:2457 the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity 2435:2506 In addition, GLP exhibited lower activities than the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity. 27916796 6 87 theme main 1343:1346 arg1 monosaccharide 1348:1361 the main monosaccharide 1339:1361 the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP 1339:1377 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 6 87 theme main 1343:1346 arg1 mannose 1383:1389 mannose 1383:1389 mannose 1383:1389 The quantitative and comparative results with external standards indicated that the main monosaccharide in SCP and ULLP was mannose; and GLP and DAP were mainly composed of galactose and glucose, respectively. 27916796 7 88 theme assays-2,2-azino 1568:1583 arg1 ABTS 1628:1631 ABTS 1628:1631 ABTS 1628:1631 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 7 88 theme assays-2,2-azino 1568:1583 arg1 -bis 1585:1588 different assays-2,2-azino -bis 1558:1588 different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS) 1558:1632 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 7 88 theme assays-2,2-azino 1568:1583 arg1 sulfonate 1616:1624 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate 1591:1624 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate 1591:1624 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 5 89 theme molecular 1164:1172 arg1 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 89 theme molecular 1164:1172 arg1 weight 1174:1179 The average molecular weight 1152:1179 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP 1152:1211 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 89 theme molecular 1164:1172 arg1 kDa 1240:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 9 90 theme excellent 1977:1985 arg1 radical 1996:2002 excellent hydroxyl radical 1977:2002 excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1977:2024 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 0 91 theme Antioxidant 55:65 arg1 Activity 67:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Potential Antioxidant Activity 45:74 Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharides from Four Seaweeds. 27916796 2 92 theme extracting 451:460 arg1 polysaccharides 462:476 extracting polysaccharides 451:476 extracting polysaccharides 451:476 The effect of three significant variables (extraction time, extraction temperature, and the ratio of water to raw material) on the process for extracting polysaccharides was investigated, along with the optimization of the extraction using the response surface method (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design. 27916796 9 93 theme radical 1996:2002 arg1 activities 2015:2024 excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1977:2024 excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1977:2024 SCP and ULLP exhibited excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, about 83.33% ± 2.31% and 80.07% ± 2.17%, respectively, at 4 mg/mL. 27916796 11 94 theme polysaccharides 2260:2274 arg1 weaker 2281:2286 weaker 2281:2286 weaker 2281:2286 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 11 94 theme polysaccharides 2260:2274 arg1 activities 2229:2238 the nitrite scavenging activities 2206:2238 the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides 2206:2274 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 12 95 theme antioxidant 2487:2497 arg1 activity 2499:2506 the antioxidant activity 2483:2506 the antioxidant activity 2483:2506 In addition, GLP exhibited lower activities than the other three samples in all of the tests for the antioxidant activity. 27916796 11 96 theme other 2293:2297 arg1 ABTS 2321:2324 ABTS 2321:2324 ABTS 2321:2324 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 11 96 theme other 2293:2297 arg1 activity 2311:2318 other antioxidant activity 2293:2318 other antioxidant activity (ABTS) 2293:2325 However, the nitrite scavenging activities of the four seaweed polysaccharides were weaker than other antioxidant activity (ABTS), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and reducing power. 27916796 5 97 theme SCP 1189:1191 arg1 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 97 theme SCP 1189:1191 arg1 weight 1174:1179 The average molecular weight 1152:1179 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP 1152:1211 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 97 theme SCP 1189:1191 arg1 kDa 1240:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 7 98 theme antioxidant 1736:1746 arg1 activity 1748:1755 their antioxidant activity 1730:1755 their antioxidant activity 1730:1755 Then the in vitro antioxidant activity of all of the polysaccharides was evaluated using different assays-2,2-azino -bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonate) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, nitrite scavenging capacity, and reducing power-and the relationship between their antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics were also examined. 27916796 3 99 theme weight 702:707 arg1 distribution 714:725 molecular weight (MW) distribution 692:725 molecular weight (MW) distribution 692:725 The polysaccharide structure, monosaccharide composition, degree of sulfation, and molecular weight (MW) distribution were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectrometry, gas chromatography (GC), and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 27916796 5 100 theme ULLP 1194:1197 arg1 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 MW 1182:1183 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 100 theme ULLP 1194:1197 arg1 weight 1174:1179 The average molecular weight 1152:1179 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP 1152:1211 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 27916796 5 100 theme ULLP 1194:1197 arg1 kDa 1240:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa 1217:1242 The average molecular weight (MW) of SCP, ULLP, GLP, and DAP was 466, 404, 591, and 482 kDa, respectively. 24933222 12 0 theme good 2041:2044 arg1 sources 2046:2052 all good sources 2037:2052 all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 2037:2103 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 0 theme good 2041:2044 arg1 leaves 2012:2017 leaves 2012:2017 leaves 2012:2017 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 0 theme good 2041:2044 arg1 bark 2028:2031 stem bark 2023:2031 stem bark 2023:2031 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 0 theme good 2041:2044 arg1 bark 2006:2009 The root bark 1997:2009 The root bark 1997:2009 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 11 1 dep CONCLUSION 1871:1880 arg1 have 1930:1933 have 1930:1933 have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves 1930:1994 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 4 2 theme gel 1018:1020 arg1 filtration 1022:1031 gel filtration 1018:1031 gel filtration 1018:1031 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 6 3 theme complement 1273:1282 arg1 assay 1293:1297 the complement fixation assay 1269:1297 the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions 1269:1342 The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. 24933222 4 4 theme stem 845:848 arg1 bark 850:853 stem bark 845:853 stem bark 845:853 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 4 4 theme stem 845:848 arg1 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 11 5 theme root 1906:1909 arg1 bark 1911:1914 root bark 1906:1914 root bark 1906:1914 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 12 6 theme stem 2023:2026 arg1 sources 2046:2052 all good sources 2037:2052 all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 2037:2103 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 6 theme stem 2023:2026 arg1 leaves 2012:2017 leaves 2012:2017 leaves 2012:2017 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 6 theme stem 2023:2026 arg1 bark 2028:2031 stem bark 2023:2031 stem bark 2023:2031 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 6 theme stem 2023:2026 arg1 bark 2006:2009 The root bark 1997:2009 The root bark 1997:2009 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 3 7 theme complement 678:687 arg1 activities 698:707 complement fixation activities 678:707 complement fixation activities 678:707 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 2 8 theme Plant 396:400 arg1 polysaccharides 402:416 Plant polysaccharides 396:416 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts 396:451 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 7 9 theme fractions 1437:1445 arg1 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 7 9 theme fractions 1437:1445 arg1 fraction 1364:1371 The acidic fraction 1353:1371 The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark 1353:1408 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 3 10 theme study 530:534 arg1 aims 517:520 The aims 513:520 The aims of this study 513:534 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 6 11 theme purified 1325:1332 arg1 fractions 1334:1342 purified fractions 1325:1342 purified fractions 1325:1342 The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. 24933222 7 12 dep RESULTS 1345:1351 arg1 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 7 12 dep RESULTS 1345:1351 arg1 fraction 1364:1371 The acidic fraction 1353:1371 The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark 1353:1408 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 11 13 theme stem 1920:1923 arg1 bark 1925:1928 stem bark 1920:1928 stem bark 1920:1928 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 9 14 attach present 1621:1627 arg1 fractions 1636:1644 all fractions 1632:1644 all fractions except TRBD-I-II 1632:1661 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 9 14 attach present 1621:1627 arg2 chains 1609:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 6 15 theme extracts 1312:1319 arg1 assay 1293:1297 the complement fixation assay 1269:1297 the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions 1269:1342 The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. 24933222 4 16 dep MATERIALS 812:820 arg1 leaves 859:864 leaves 859:864 leaves 859:864 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 4 16 dep MATERIALS 812:820 arg1 bark 839:842 Root bark 834:842 Root bark 834:842 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 4 16 dep MATERIALS 812:820 arg1 bark 850:853 stem bark 845:853 stem bark 845:853 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 4 16 dep MATERIALS 812:820 arg1 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 1 17 theme Terminalia 212:221 arg1 macroptera 223:232 Terminalia macroptera 212:232 Terminalia macroptera 212:232 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 0 18 from parts 66:70 arg1 polysaccharides 23:37 polysaccharides 23:37 polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 23:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 0 18 from parts 66:70 arg1 activity 11:18 Complement activity 0:18 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 0:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 1 19 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 122:141 arg1 Water 153:157 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water 122:157 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera 122:232 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 8 20 theme Structural 1457:1466 arg1 studies 1468:1474 Structural studies 1457:1474 Structural studies 1457:1474 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 3 21 theme traditional 759:769 arg1 healers 771:777 the traditional healers 755:777 the traditional healers 755:777 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 5 22 theme derivatives 1089:1099 arg1 GC 1075:1076 GC 1075:1076 GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides 1075:1124 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 10 23 theme molecular 1854:1862 arg1 sizes 1864:1868 molecular sizes 1854:1868 molecular sizes 1854:1868 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 4 24 theme polysaccharide 942:955 arg1 fractions 957:965 five purified polysaccharide fractions 928:965 five purified polysaccharide fractions 928:965 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 0 25 theme Terminalia 75:84 arg1 macroptera 86:95 Terminalia macroptera 75:95 Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 75:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 1 26 theme root 177:180 arg1 bark 182:185 the root bark 173:185 the root bark 173:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 26 theme root 177:180 arg1 bark 193:196 stem bark 188:196 stem bark 188:196 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 11 27 from bark 1911:1914 arg1 extracts 1892:1899 The crude extracts 1882:1899 The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark 1882:1928 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 2 28 attach isolated 418:425 arg1 extracts 444:451 crude water extracts 432:451 crude water extracts 432:451 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 2 28 attach isolated 418:425 arg2 polysaccharides 402:416 Plant polysaccharides 396:416 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts 396:451 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 2 29 theme related 483:489 arg1 effects 475:481 effects 475:481 effects related to the immune system 475:510 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 13 30 dep using 2249:2253 arg1 leaves 2255:2260 leaves 2255:2260 using leaves 2249:2260 But due to sustainability, it is prefer to use leaves rather than the other two plant parts, and then the dosage by weight must be higher when using leaves. 24933222 11 31 theme similar 1935:1941 arg1 activities 1949:1958 similar total activities 1935:1958 similar total activities 1935:1958 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 9 32 from present 1621:1627 arg1 fractions 1636:1644 all fractions 1632:1644 all fractions except TRBD-I-II 1632:1661 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 4 33 theme exchange 990:997 arg1 chromatography 999:1012 anion exchange chromatography 984:1012 anion exchange chromatography 984:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 0 34 theme Complement 0:9 arg1 activity 11:18 Complement activity 0:18 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 0:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 10 35 theme complement 1692:1701 arg1 activities 1712:1721 complement fixation activities 1692:1721 complement fixation activities 1692:1721 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 9 36 theme type 1596:1599 arg1 chains 1609:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 2 37 theme water 438:442 arg1 extracts 444:451 crude water extracts 432:451 crude water extracts 432:451 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 8 38 theme type 1563:1566 arg1 backbone 1570:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 2 39 theme crude 432:436 arg1 extracts 444:451 crude water extracts 432:451 crude water extracts 432:451 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 9 40 theme side 1604:1607 arg1 chains 1609:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 3 41 theme plant 604:608 arg1 parts 610:614 different plant parts 594:614 different plant parts 594:614 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 0 42 theme different 50:58 arg1 parts 66:70 three different plant parts 44:70 three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 44:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 1 43 theme illnesses 298:306 arg1 wounds 317:322 wounds 317:322 wounds 317:322 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 43 theme illnesses 298:306 arg1 tuberculosis 382:393 tuberculosis 382:393 a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis 282:393 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 43 theme illnesses 298:306 arg1 range 289:293 a wide range 282:293 a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis 282:393 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 5 44 theme methylated 1206:1215 arg1 acetates 1225:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 10 45 from differences 1677:1687 arg1 activities 1712:1721 complement fixation activities 1692:1721 complement fixation activities 1692:1721 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 5 46 theme acetates 1225:1232 arg1 permethylation 1159:1172 permethylation 1159:1172 permethylation 1159:1172 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 5 46 theme acetates 1225:1232 arg1 GC-MS 1178:1182 GC-MS 1178:1182 GC-MS 1178:1182 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 12 47 contain containing 2068:2077 arg1 fractions 2058:2066 fractions 2058:2066 fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 2058:2103 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 47 contain containing 2068:2077 arg2 polysaccharides 2089:2103 bioactive polysaccharides 2079:2103 bioactive polysaccharides 2079:2103 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 6 48 theme fixation 1284:1291 arg1 assay 1293:1297 the complement fixation assay 1269:1297 the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions 1269:1342 The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. 24933222 10 49 theme purified 1738:1745 arg1 fractions 1762:1770 the five purified polysaccharide fractions 1729:1770 the five purified polysaccharide fractions 1729:1770 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 1 50 theme traditional 246:256 arg1 healers 258:264 traditional healers 246:264 traditional healers in Mali 246:272 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 4 51 theme Root 834:837 arg1 bark 839:842 Root bark 834:842 Root bark 834:842 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 4 51 theme Root 834:837 arg1 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS 812:820 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 5 52 link derived 1191:1197 arg1 acetates 1225:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 3 53 theme chemical 649:656 arg1 characteristics 658:672 chemical characteristics 649:672 chemical characteristics 649:672 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 5 54 theme derived 1191:1197 arg1 acetates 1225:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 3 55 theme fixation 689:696 arg1 activities 698:707 complement fixation activities 678:707 complement fixation activities 678:707 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 1 56 theme stem 188:191 arg1 bark 182:185 the root bark 173:185 the root bark 173:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 56 theme stem 188:191 arg1 bark 193:196 stem bark 188:196 stem bark 188:196 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 6 57 theme fractions 1334:1342 arg1 assay 1293:1297 the complement fixation assay 1269:1297 the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions 1269:1342 The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. 24933222 10 58 theme monosaccharide 1807:1820 arg1 compositions 1822:1833 monosaccharide compositions 1807:1833 monosaccharide compositions 1807:1833 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 4 59 theme Terminalia 869:878 arg1 macroptera 880:889 Terminalia macroptera 869:889 Terminalia macroptera 869:889 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 7 60 theme root 1400:1403 arg1 bark 1405:1408 the root bark 1396:1408 the root bark 1396:1408 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 3 61 theme plant 718:722 arg1 material 724:731 the plant material 714:731 the plant material 714:731 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 2 62 theme immune 498:503 arg1 system 505:510 the immune system 494:510 the immune system 494:510 Plant polysaccharides isolated from crude water extracts have previously shown effects related to the immune system. 24933222 6 63 theme crude 1306:1310 arg1 extracts 1312:1319 the crude extracts 1302:1319 the crude extracts 1302:1319 The bioactivity was determined by the complement fixation assay of the crude extracts and purified fractions. 24933222 10 64 theme linkage 1836:1842 arg1 types 1844:1848 linkage types 1836:1848 linkage types 1836:1848 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 12 65 theme bioactive 2079:2087 arg1 polysaccharides 2089:2103 bioactive polysaccharides 2079:2103 bioactive polysaccharides 2079:2103 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 3 66 theme polysaccharides 572:586 arg1 properties 554:563 the properties 550:563 the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities 550:707 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 1 67 theme RELEVANCE 143:151 arg1 Water 153:157 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water 122:157 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera 122:232 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 7 68 theme acidic 1357:1362 arg1 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 7 68 theme acidic 1357:1362 arg1 fraction 1364:1371 The acidic fraction 1353:1371 The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark 1353:1408 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 11 69 from bark 1925:1928 arg1 extracts 1892:1899 The crude extracts 1882:1899 The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark 1882:1928 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 5 70 theme Chemical 1034:1041 arg1 compositions 1043:1054 Chemical compositions 1034:1054 Chemical compositions 1034:1054 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 8 71 theme purified 1492:1499 arg1 fractions 1501:1509 all purified fractions 1488:1509 all purified fractions 1488:1509 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 12 72 theme root 2001:2004 arg1 sources 2046:2052 all good sources 2037:2052 all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides 2037:2103 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 72 theme root 2001:2004 arg1 leaves 2012:2017 leaves 2012:2017 leaves 2012:2017 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 72 theme root 2001:2004 arg1 bark 2028:2031 stem bark 2023:2031 stem bark 2023:2031 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 12 72 theme root 2001:2004 arg1 bark 2006:2009 The root bark 1997:2009 The root bark 1997:2009 The root bark, leaves and stem bark are all good sources for fractions containing bioactive polysaccharides. 24933222 8 73 contain containing 1533:1542 arg1 nature 1525:1530 pectic nature 1518:1530 pectic nature 1518:1530 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 8 73 contain containing 1533:1542 arg2 backbone 1570:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 0 74 theme macroptera 86:95 arg1 parts 66:70 three different plant parts 44:70 three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 44:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 10 75 from differences 1792:1802 arg1 types 1844:1848 linkage types 1836:1848 linkage types 1836:1848 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 10 75 from differences 1792:1802 arg1 sizes 1864:1868 molecular sizes 1854:1868 molecular sizes 1854:1868 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 10 75 from differences 1792:1802 arg1 compositions 1822:1833 monosaccharide compositions 1807:1833 monosaccharide compositions 1807:1833 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 4 76 theme purified 933:940 arg1 fractions 957:965 five purified polysaccharide fractions 928:965 five purified polysaccharide fractions 928:965 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 0 77 from activity 11:18 arg1 parts 66:70 three different plant parts 44:70 three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 44:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 7 78 attach isolated 1382:1389 arg1 bark 1405:1408 the root bark 1396:1408 the root bark 1396:1408 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 7 78 attach isolated 1382:1389 arg2 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 active 1423:1428 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 7 78 attach isolated 1382:1389 arg2 fraction 1364:1371 The acidic fraction 1353:1371 The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark 1353:1408 RESULTS The acidic fraction TRBD-I-I isolated from the root bark was the most active of the fractions isolated. 24933222 5 79 theme methyl-glycosides 1108:1124 arg1 derivatives 1089:1099 the TMS derivatives 1081:1099 the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides 1081:1124 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 8 80 theme pectic 1518:1523 arg1 nature 1525:1530 pectic nature 1518:1530 pectic nature 1518:1530 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 1 81 dep Water 153:157 arg1 leaves 202:207 leaves 202:207 leaves of Terminalia macroptera 202:232 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 81 dep Water 153:157 arg1 decoctions 159:168 decoctions 159:168 decoctions of the root bark, stem bark 159:196 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 11 82 theme crude 1886:1890 arg1 extracts 1892:1899 The crude extracts 1882:1899 The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark 1882:1928 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 11 83 contain have 1930:1933 arg1 extracts 1892:1899 The crude extracts 1882:1899 The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark 1882:1928 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 11 83 contain have 1930:1933 arg2 activities 1949:1958 similar total activities 1935:1958 similar total activities 1935:1958 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 9 84 from fractions 1636:1644 arg1 present 1621:1627 present 1621:1627 present 1621:1627 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 13 85 theme other 2176:2180 arg1 parts 2192:2196 the other two plant parts 2172:2196 the other two plant parts 2172:2196 But due to sustainability, it is prefer to use leaves rather than the other two plant parts, and then the dosage by weight must be higher when using leaves. 24933222 11 86 theme total 1943:1947 arg1 activities 1949:1958 similar total activities 1935:1958 similar total activities 1935:1958 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 5 87 theme TMS 1085:1087 arg1 derivatives 1089:1099 the TMS derivatives 1081:1099 the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides 1081:1124 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 4 88 theme anion 984:988 arg1 chromatography 999:1012 anion exchange chromatography 984:1012 anion exchange chromatography 984:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS Root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera were extracted by boiling water, and five purified polysaccharide fractions were obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24933222 8 89 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1544:1561 arg1 backbone 1570:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 0 90 theme polysaccharides 23:37 arg1 activity 11:18 Complement activity 0:18 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 0:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 9 91 theme Arabinogalactan 1580:1594 arg1 chains 1609:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 8 92 theme I 1568:1568 arg1 backbone 1570:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone 1544:1577 Structural studies showed that all purified fractions are of pectic nature, containing rhamnogalacturonan type I backbone. 24933222 1 93 theme wide 284:287 arg1 wounds 317:322 wounds 317:322 wounds 317:322 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 93 theme wide 284:287 arg1 range 289:293 a wide range 282:293 a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis 282:393 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 9 94 theme II 1601:1602 arg1 chains 1609:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 9 95 located present 1621:1627 arg2 chains 1609:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains 1580:1614 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 9 95 located present 1621:1627 arg1 fractions 1636:1644 all fractions 1632:1644 all fractions except TRBD-I-II 1632:1661 Arabinogalactan type II side chains were present in all fractions except TRBD-I-II. 24933222 3 96 theme different 594:602 arg1 parts 610:614 different plant parts 594:614 different plant parts 594:614 The aims of this study are comparing the properties of the polysaccharides among different plant parts, as well as relationship between chemical characteristics and complement fixation activities when the plant material has been extracted as the traditional healers do, with boiling water directly. 24933222 10 97 theme observed 1668:1675 arg1 due 1785:1787 due 1785:1787 due 1785:1787 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 10 97 theme observed 1668:1675 arg1 differences 1677:1687 The observed differences 1664:1687 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions 1664:1770 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 0 98 theme plant 60:64 arg1 parts 66:70 three different plant parts 44:70 three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers 44:116 Complement activity of polysaccharides from three different plant parts of Terminalia macroptera extracted as healers do. 24933222 1 99 from healers 258:264 arg1 Mali 269:272 Mali 269:272 Mali 269:272 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 1 100 used used 238:241 arg2 Water 153:157 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water 122:157 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera 122:232 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Water decoctions of the root bark, stem bark and leaves of Terminalia macroptera are used by traditional healers in Mali to cure a wide range of illnesses, such as wounds, hepatitis, malaria, fever, cough and diarrhea as well as tuberculosis. 24933222 11 101 dep activities 1949:1958 arg1 both 1961:1964 both 1961:1964 both 1961:1964 CONCLUSION The crude extracts from root bark and stem bark have similar total activities, both higher than those from leaves. 24933222 10 102 theme fixation 1703:1710 arg1 activities 1712:1721 complement fixation activities 1692:1721 complement fixation activities 1692:1721 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 5 103 theme alditol 1217:1223 arg1 acetates 1225:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 the derived partly methylated alditol acetates 1187:1232 Chemical compositions were determined by GC of the TMS derivatives of the methyl-glycosides and the linkage determined after permethylation and GC-MS of the derived partly methylated alditol acetates. 24933222 10 104 theme polysaccharide 1747:1760 arg1 fractions 1762:1770 the five purified polysaccharide fractions 1729:1770 the five purified polysaccharide fractions 1729:1770 The observed differences in complement fixation activities among the five purified polysaccharide fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24933222 13 105 theme plant 2186:2190 arg1 parts 2192:2196 the other two plant parts 2172:2196 the other two plant parts 2172:2196 But due to sustainability, it is prefer to use leaves rather than the other two plant parts, and then the dosage by weight must be higher when using leaves. 25471730 8 0 with films 1168:1172 arg1 cellulose 1189:1197 extracted cellulose 1179:1197 extracted cellulose 1179:1197 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 8 0 with films 1168:1172 arg1 cellulose 1211:1219 commercial cellulose 1200:1219 commercial cellulose 1200:1219 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 8 0 with films 1168:1172 arg1 starch 1242:1247 modified potato starch 1226:1247 modified potato starch 1226:1247 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 7 1 theme alginate-pectin 1061:1075 arg1 films 1077:1081 The alginate-pectin films 1057:1081 The alginate-pectin films 1057:1081 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 10 2 from films 1497:1501 arg1 visible 1482:1488 visible 1482:1488 visible 1482:1488 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 6 3 with films 917:921 arg1 starch 969:974 modified potato starch 953:974 modified potato starch 953:974 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 6 3 with films 917:921 arg1 carrageenan 936:946 carrageenan 936:946 carrageenan 936:946 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 6 3 with films 917:921 arg1 pectin 928:933 pectin 928:933 pectin 928:933 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 8 4 theme Alginate 1159:1166 arg1 films 1168:1172 Alginate films 1159:1172 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch 1159:1247 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 10 5 theme cellulose 1460:1468 arg1 fibers 1470:1475 Several large cellulose fibers 1446:1475 Several large cellulose fibers 1446:1475 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 1 6 theme alginate-carbohydrate 168:188 arg1 solutions 190:198 alginate-carbohydrate solutions 168:198 alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial) 168:359 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 11 7 from differences 1649:1659 arg1 length 1680:1685 cellulose fiber length 1664:1685 cellulose fiber length 1664:1685 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 5 8 theme " 826:826 arg1 films/casings 837:849 "wet" alginate films/casings 822:849 "wet" alginate films/casings 822:849 The results indicate that the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings can be modified by adding various carbohydrates to them. 25471730 8 9 contain had 1249:1251 arg1 films 1168:1172 Alginate films 1159:1172 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch 1159:1247 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 8 9 contain had 1249:1251 arg2 values 1305:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 9 10 theme uniform 1399:1405 arg1 network 1416:1422 a very uniform alginate network 1392:1422 a very uniform alginate network in the control films 1392:1443 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 1 11 theme % 212:212 arg1 alginate 214:221 5% alginate 211:221 5% alginate 211:221 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 6 12 theme Alginate 908:915 arg1 films 917:921 Alginate films 908:921 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch 908:974 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 8 13 theme control 1330:1336 arg1 films 1338:1342 the alginate control films 1317:1342 the alginate control films 1317:1342 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 8 14 theme commercial 1200:1209 arg1 cellulose 1211:1219 commercial cellulose 1200:1219 commercial cellulose 1200:1219 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 10 15 theme extracted 1508:1516 arg1 cellulose 1518:1526 extracted cellulose 1508:1526 extracted cellulose 1508:1526 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 11 16 theme similar 1714:1720 arg1 properties 1743:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 2 17 theme several 492:498 arg1 manufacturers 508:520 several sausage manufacturers 492:520 several sausage manufacturers 492:520 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 8 18 theme modified 1226:1233 arg1 starch 1242:1247 modified potato starch 1226:1247 modified potato starch 1226:1247 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 3 19 theme microstructural 552:566 arg1 properties 568:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties 523:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films 523:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 4 20 theme textural 682:689 arg1 analysis 699:706 textural profile analysis 682:706 textural profile analysis 682:706 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 5 21 theme various 877:883 arg1 carbohydrates 885:897 various carbohydrates 877:897 various carbohydrates 877:897 The results indicate that the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings can be modified by adding various carbohydrates to them. 25471730 4 22 theme holding 661:667 arg1 capacity 669:676 water holding capacity 655:676 water holding capacity 655:676 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 2 23 theme co-extruded 422:432 arg1 casings 451:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings 422:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers 422:520 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 11 24 theme apparent 1640:1647 arg1 differences 1649:1659 these apparent differences 1634:1659 these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length 1634:1685 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 0 25 theme alginate 51:58 arg1 films 74:78 "wet" alginate and composite films 45:78 "wet" alginate and composite films 45:78 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 0 26 theme microstructural 15:29 arg1 properties 31:40 Mechanical and microstructural properties 0:40 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films 0:78 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 5 27 theme films/casings 837:849 arg1 properties 808:817 the mechanical properties 793:817 the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings 793:849 The results indicate that the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings can be modified by adding various carbohydrates to them. 25471730 6 28 theme modified 953:960 arg1 starch 969:974 modified potato starch 953:974 modified potato starch 953:974 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 8 29 theme lower 1253:1257 arg1 values 1305:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 0 30 theme composite 64:72 arg1 films 74:78 "wet" alginate and composite films 45:78 "wet" alginate and composite films 45:78 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 9 31 theme control 1431:1437 arg1 films 1439:1443 the control films 1427:1443 the control films 1427:1443 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 8 32 theme P 1260:1260 arg1 < 1262:1262 P < 0.05 1260:1267 P < 0.05 1260:1267 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 6 33 dep greater 1005:1011 arg1 < 997:997 P < 0.05 995:1002 P < 0.05 995:1002 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 11 34 theme fiber 1674:1678 arg1 length 1680:1685 cellulose fiber length 1664:1685 cellulose fiber length 1664:1685 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 1 35 theme " 128:128 arg1 films 139:143 Composite "wet" alginate films 114:143 Composite "wet" alginate films 114:143 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 2 36 theme sausage 443:449 arg1 casings 451:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings 422:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers 422:520 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 7 37 theme tensile 1111:1117 arg1 strengths 1119:1127 greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths 1092:1127 greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths 1092:1127 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 6 38 theme greater 1005:1011 arg1 values 1024:1029 significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values 980:1029 significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values 980:1029 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 8 39 theme puncture 1270:1277 arg1 force 1279:1283 puncture force 1270:1283 puncture force 1270:1283 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 10 40 theme cellulose 1539:1547 arg1 fibers 1549:1554 the cellulose fibers 1535:1554 the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose 1535:1593 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 10 40 theme cellulose 1539:1547 arg1 difficult 1600:1608 difficult 1600:1608 difficult 1600:1608 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 0 41 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 31:40 Mechanical and microstructural properties 0:40 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films 0:78 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 2 42 theme " 370:370 arg1 model 402:406 a model 400:406 a model 400:406 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 2 42 theme " 370:370 arg1 films 381:385 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 4 43 theme profile 691:697 arg1 analysis 699:706 textural profile analysis 682:706 textural profile analysis 682:706 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 10 44 theme commercial 1574:1583 arg1 cellulose 1585:1593 commercial cellulose 1574:1593 commercial cellulose 1574:1593 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 7 45 theme P 1101:1101 arg1 < 1103:1103 P < 0.05 1101:1108 P < 0.05 1101:1108 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 6 46 theme P 995:995 arg1 < 997:997 P < 0.05 995:1002 P < 0.05 995:1002 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 3 47 theme calcium 586:592 arg1 films 617:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 7 48 theme greater 1092:1098 arg1 strengths 1119:1127 greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths 1092:1127 greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths 1092:1127 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 1 49 dep cellulose 325:333 arg1 commercial 349:358 commercial 349:358 commercial 349:358 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 49 dep cellulose 325:333 arg1 extracted 336:344 extracted 336:344 extracted 336:344 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 8 50 theme work 1300:1303 arg1 values 1305:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 9 51 theme alginate 1407:1414 arg1 network 1416:1422 a very uniform alginate network 1392:1422 a very uniform alginate network in the control films 1392:1443 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 3 52 link cross-linked 594:605 arg1 films 617:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 4 53 theme gels 748:751 arg1 properties 708:717 the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties 651:717 the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels 651:751 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 1 54 theme 0.25 227:230 arg1 % 231:231 % 231:231 % 231:231 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 10 55 from visible 1482:1488 arg1 films 1497:1501 the films 1493:1501 the films with extracted cellulose 1493:1526 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 10 56 theme large 1454:1458 arg1 fibers 1470:1475 Several large cellulose fibers 1446:1475 Several large cellulose fibers 1446:1475 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 3 57 theme composite 607:615 arg1 films 617:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 8 58 theme alginate 1321:1328 arg1 films 1338:1342 the alginate control films 1317:1342 the alginate control films 1317:1342 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 11 59 contain had 1710:1712 arg1 films 1704:1708 the 2 cellulose films 1688:1708 the 2 cellulose films 1688:1708 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 11 59 contain had 1710:1712 arg2 properties 1743:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 6 60 theme pure 1036:1039 arg1 films 1050:1054 pure alginate films 1036:1054 pure alginate films 1036:1054 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 2 61 used used 392:395 arg2 model 402:406 a model 400:406 a model 400:406 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 2 61 used used 392:395 arg2 films 381:385 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 9 62 from network 1416:1422 arg1 films 1439:1443 the control films 1427:1443 the control films 1427:1443 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 7 63 contain had 1088:1090 arg1 films 1077:1081 The alginate-pectin films 1057:1081 The alginate-pectin films 1057:1081 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 7 63 contain had 1088:1090 arg2 strengths 1119:1127 greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths 1092:1127 greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths 1092:1127 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 7 64 theme pure 1138:1141 arg1 films 1152:1156 the pure alginate films 1134:1156 the pure alginate films 1134:1156 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 5 65 theme wet 823:825 arg1 films/casings 837:849 "wet" alginate films/casings 822:849 "wet" alginate films/casings 822:849 The results indicate that the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings can be modified by adding various carbohydrates to them. 25471730 1 66 theme 5 211:211 arg1 % 212:212 % 212:212 % 212:212 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 8 67 theme extracted 1179:1187 arg1 cellulose 1189:1197 extracted cellulose 1179:1197 extracted cellulose 1179:1197 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 11 68 theme cellulose 1694:1702 arg1 films 1704:1708 the 2 cellulose films 1688:1708 the 2 cellulose films 1688:1708 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 3 69 theme mechanical 527:536 arg1 properties 568:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties 523:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films 523:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 9 70 theme Transmission 1345:1356 arg1 microscopy 1367:1376 Transmission electron microscopy 1345:1376 Transmission electron microscopy images 1345:1383 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 5 71 theme mechanical 797:806 arg1 properties 808:817 the mechanical properties 793:817 the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings 793:849 The results indicate that the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings can be modified by adding various carbohydrates to them. 25471730 11 72 theme tensile 1735:1741 arg1 properties 1743:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 1 73 theme Composite 114:122 arg1 " 128:128 Composite "wet" 114:128 Composite "wet" alginate films 114:143 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 2 74 theme sausage 500:506 arg1 manufacturers 508:520 several sausage manufacturers 492:520 several sausage manufacturers 492:520 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 11 75 theme puncture 1722:1729 arg1 properties 1743:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 similar puncture and tensile properties 1714:1752 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 1 76 theme wet 125:127 arg1 " 128:128 Composite "wet" 114:128 Composite "wet" alginate films 114:143 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 10 77 with films 1497:1501 arg1 cellulose 1518:1526 extracted cellulose 1508:1526 extracted cellulose 1508:1526 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 1 78 dep carrageenan 241:251 arg1 iota 263:266 iota 263:266 iota 263:266 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 78 dep carrageenan 241:251 arg1 kappa 254:258 kappa 254:258 kappa 254:258 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 4 79 theme water 655:659 arg1 capacity 669:676 water holding capacity 655:676 water holding capacity 655:676 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 11 80 theme cellulose 1664:1672 arg1 length 1680:1685 cellulose fiber length 1664:1685 cellulose fiber length 1664:1685 Despite these apparent differences in cellulose fiber length, the 2 cellulose films had similar puncture and tensile properties. 25471730 7 81 theme alginate 1143:1150 arg1 films 1152:1156 the pure alginate films 1134:1156 the pure alginate films 1134:1156 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 3 82 theme optical 539:545 arg1 properties 568:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties 523:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films 523:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 9 83 theme electron 1358:1365 arg1 microscopy 1367:1376 Transmission electron microscopy 1345:1376 Transmission electron microscopy images 1345:1383 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 5 84 theme alginate 828:835 arg1 films/casings 837:849 "wet" alginate films/casings 822:849 "wet" alginate films/casings 822:849 The results indicate that the mechanical properties of "wet" alginate films/casings can be modified by adding various carbohydrates to them. 25471730 6 85 theme potato 962:967 arg1 starch 969:974 modified potato starch 953:974 modified potato starch 953:974 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 8 86 theme potato 1235:1240 arg1 starch 1242:1247 modified potato starch 1226:1247 modified potato starch 1226:1247 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 0 87 theme films 74:78 arg1 properties 31:40 Mechanical and microstructural properties 0:40 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films 0:78 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 0 88 theme various 91:97 arg1 carbohydrates 99:111 various carbohydrates 91:111 various carbohydrates 91:111 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 1 89 theme gellan 310:315 arg1 gum 317:319 gellan gum 310:319 gellan gum 310:319 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 4 90 theme analysis 699:706 arg1 properties 708:717 the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties 651:717 the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels 651:751 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 2 91 used used 484:487 arg2 casings 451:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings 422:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers 422:520 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 9 92 theme microscopy 1367:1376 arg1 images 1378:1383 Transmission electron microscopy images 1345:1383 Transmission electron microscopy images 1345:1383 Transmission electron microscopy images showed a very uniform alginate network in the control films. 25471730 6 93 theme elongation 1013:1022 arg1 values 1024:1029 significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values 980:1029 significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values 980:1029 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 2 94 theme alginate 434:441 arg1 casings 451:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings 422:457 co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers 422:520 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 1 95 dep starch 277:282 arg1 unmodified 297:306 unmodified 297:306 unmodified 297:306 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 95 dep starch 277:282 arg1 modified 285:292 modified 285:292 modified 285:292 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 6 96 contain had 976:978 arg1 films 917:921 Alginate films 908:921 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch 908:974 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 6 96 contain had 976:978 arg2 values 1024:1029 significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values 980:1029 significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values 980:1029 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 2 97 theme alginate 372:379 arg1 model 402:406 a model 400:406 a model 400:406 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 2 97 theme alginate 372:379 arg1 films 381:385 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 7 98 dep greater 1092:1098 arg1 < 1103:1103 P < 0.05 1101:1108 P < 0.05 1101:1108 The alginate-pectin films also had greater (P < 0.05) tensile strengths than the pure alginate films. 25471730 4 99 theme capacity 669:676 arg1 properties 708:717 the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties 651:717 the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels 651:751 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 10 100 with fibers 1549:1554 arg1 cellulose 1585:1593 commercial cellulose 1574:1593 commercial cellulose 1574:1593 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 2 101 theme wet 367:369 arg1 " 370:370 The "wet" 362:370 The "wet" alginate films 362:385 The "wet" alginate films were used as a model to understand co-extruded alginate sausage casings that are currently being used by several sausage manufacturers. 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg1 solutions 190:198 alginate-carbohydrate solutions 168:198 alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial) 168:359 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg2 alginate 214:221 5% alginate 211:221 5% alginate 211:221 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg2 carrageenan 241:251 carrageenan 241:251 carrageenan (kappa or iota) 241:267 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg2 starch 277:282 potato starch 270:282 potato starch (modified or unmodified) 270:307 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg2 gum 317:319 gellan gum 310:319 gellan gum 310:319 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg2 cellulose 325:333 cellulose 325:333 cellulose (extracted or commercial) 325:359 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 1 102 contain containing 200:209 arg2 pectin 233:238 0.25% pectin 227:238 0.25% pectin 227:238 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 8 103 theme force 1279:1283 arg1 values 1305:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 1 104 theme potato 270:275 arg1 starch 277:282 potato starch 270:282 potato starch (modified or unmodified) 270:307 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 8 105 dep lower 1253:1257 arg1 < 1262:1262 P < 0.05 1260:1267 P < 0.05 1260:1267 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 8 106 theme distance 1286:1293 arg1 values 1305:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values 1253:1310 Alginate films with extracted cellulose, commercial cellulose, and modified potato starch had lower (P < 0.05) puncture force, distance, and work values than the alginate control films. 25471730 0 107 theme " 49:49 arg1 films 74:78 "wet" alginate and composite films 45:78 "wet" alginate and composite films 45:78 Mechanical and microstructural properties of "wet" alginate and composite films containing various carbohydrates. 25471730 3 108 theme films 617:621 arg1 properties 568:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties 523:577 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films 523:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 1 109 theme alginate 130:137 arg1 films 139:143 Composite "wet" alginate films 114:143 Composite "wet" alginate films 114:143 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 10 110 from fibers 1549:1554 arg1 films 1563:1567 the films 1559:1567 the films 1559:1567 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25471730 3 111 theme cross-linked 594:605 arg1 films 617:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 the calcium cross-linked composite films 582:621 The mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties of the calcium cross-linked composite films were explored. 25471730 4 112 theme alginate-carbohydrate 726:746 arg1 gels 748:751 the alginate-carbohydrate gels 722:751 the alginate-carbohydrate gels 722:751 In addition, the water holding capacity and textural profile analysis properties of the alginate-carbohydrate gels were studied. 25471730 1 113 theme % 231:231 arg1 pectin 233:238 0.25% pectin 227:238 0.25% pectin 227:238 Composite "wet" alginate films were manufactured from alginate-carbohydrate solutions containing 5% alginate and 0.25% pectin, carrageenan (kappa or iota), potato starch (modified or unmodified), gellan gum, or cellulose (extracted or commercial). 25471730 6 114 theme alginate 1041:1048 arg1 films 1050:1054 pure alginate films 1036:1054 pure alginate films 1036:1054 Alginate films with pectin, carrageenan, and modified potato starch had significantly (P < 0.05) greater elongation values than pure alginate films. 25471730 10 115 theme Several 1446:1452 arg1 fibers 1470:1475 Several large cellulose fibers 1446:1475 Several large cellulose fibers 1446:1475 Several large cellulose fibers were visible in the films with extracted cellulose, while the cellulose fibers in the films with commercial cellulose were difficult to distinguish. 25051993 6 0 theme early 871:875 arg1 cells 889:893 early fat storage cells 871:893 early fat storage cells 871:893 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 10 1 theme protein 1382:1388 arg1 function 1390:1397 protein function 1382:1397 protein function encoded by these 31 genes 1382:1423 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 2 theme protein 1677:1683 arg1 expression 1685:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 5 3 from variations 687:696 arg1 expression 701:710 expression 701:710 expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis 701:765 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 10 4 dep down-regulation 1592:1606 arg1 ii 1588:1589 ii 1588:1589 ii 1588:1589 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 5 theme matrix 1544:1549 arg1 processes 1465:1473 the main regulated cellular processes 1437:1473 the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation 1437:1501 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 5 theme matrix 1544:1549 arg1 remodeling 1512:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 5 theme matrix 1544:1549 arg1 down-regulation 1592:1606 (ii) down-regulation 1587:1606 (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis 1587:1640 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 5 theme matrix 1544:1549 arg1 increase 1656:1663 an increase 1653:1663 (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression 1647:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 5 theme matrix 1544:1549 arg1 structures 1575:1584 sulfated structures 1566:1584 sulfated structures 1566:1584 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 2 6 theme post-natal 261:270 arg1 growth 272:277 post-natal growth 261:277 post-natal growth of muscle 261:287 A population of myoblasts, known as satellite cells, is responsible for post-natal growth of muscle and for its regeneration. 25051993 10 7 from down-regulation 1592:1606 arg1 expression 1685:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 8 dep remodeling 1512:1521 arg1 i 1509:1509 i 1509:1509 i 1509:1509 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 9 theme sulfated 1566:1573 arg1 structures 1575:1584 sulfated structures 1566:1584 sulfated structures 1566:1584 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 7 10 theme MSC 1035:1037 arg1 pathways 1055:1062 both MSC differentiation pathways 1030:1062 both MSC differentiation pathways 1030:1062 RESULTS The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis. 25051993 15 11 theme myogenic 2122:2129 arg1 differentiation 2131:2145 myogenic differentiation 2122:2145 myogenic differentiation out of the 383 genes studied 2122:2174 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method detected 31 genes specific for myogenic differentiation out of the 383 genes studied. 25051993 8 12 theme similar 1184:1190 arg1 profiles 1203:1210 similar expression profiles 1184:1210 similar expression profiles 1184:1210 Comparison with data obtained for C2C12 revealed that only 14 genes had similar expression profiles in both cell types and that 17 genes were specifically regulated in MSC. 25051993 6 13 theme glycosylation 905:917 arg1 genes 927:931 glycosylation related genes 905:931 glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific 905:984 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 2 14 theme satellite 225:233 arg1 cells 235:239 satellite cells 225:239 satellite cells 225:239 A population of myoblasts, known as satellite cells, is responsible for post-natal growth of muscle and for its regeneration. 25051993 15 15 theme specific 2109:2116 arg1 genes 2103:2107 31 genes 2100:2107 31 genes specific for myogenic differentiation out of the 383 genes studied 2100:2174 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method detected 31 genes specific for myogenic differentiation out of the 383 genes studied. 25051993 7 16 theme variant 1013:1019 arg1 genes 1021:1025 variant genes 1013:1025 variant genes 1013:1025 RESULTS The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis. 25051993 6 17 theme storage 881:887 arg1 cells 889:893 early fat storage cells 871:893 early fat storage cells 871:893 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 16 18 theme selected 2252:2259 arg1 genes 2261:2265 these selected genes 2246:2265 these selected genes 2246:2265 According to their function, interaction networks of the products of these selected genes converged to cell fusion. 25051993 17 19 theme Functional 2293:2302 arg1 studies 2304:2310 Functional studies 2293:2310 Functional studies on Itga11 and Chst5 2293:2330 Functional studies on Itga11 and Chst5 demonstrated the robustness of this screening. 25051993 11 20 theme functional 1699:1708 arg1 study 1710:1714 A functional study 1697:1714 A functional study 1697:1714 A functional study was performed on Itga11 and Chst5 encoding two highly up-regulated proteins. 25051993 3 21 from environment 396:406 arg1 behaviour 366:374 cell behaviour 361:374 cell behaviour 361:374 This differentiation requires many changes in cell behaviour and its surrounding environment. 25051993 17 22 theme screening 2368:2376 arg1 robustness 2349:2358 the robustness 2345:2358 the robustness of this screening 2345:2376 Functional studies on Itga11 and Chst5 demonstrated the robustness of this screening. 25051993 16 23 theme cell 2280:2283 arg1 fusion 2285:2290 cell fusion 2280:2290 cell fusion 2280:2290 According to their function, interaction networks of the products of these selected genes converged to cell fusion. 25051993 6 24 theme expression 952:961 arg1 variation 939:947 variation 939:947 variation 939:947 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 5 25 theme myoblast 611:618 arg1 line 625:628 myoblast cell line 611:628 the myoblast cell line C2C12 607:634 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 5 25 theme myoblast 611:618 arg1 model 641:645 a model 639:645 a model 639:645 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 3 26 theme many 345:348 arg1 changes 350:356 many changes 345:356 many changes in cell behaviour 345:374 This differentiation requires many changes in cell behaviour and its surrounding environment. 25051993 10 27 theme cellular 1456:1463 arg1 processes 1465:1473 the main regulated cellular processes 1437:1473 the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation 1437:1501 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 27 theme cellular 1456:1463 arg1 remodeling 1512:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 0 28 theme related 41:47 arg1 genes 49:53 adhesion related genes 32:53 adhesion related genes 32:53 Highlights of glycosylation and adhesion related genes involved in myogenesis. 25051993 5 29 theme initial 575:581 arg1 steps 594:598 the initial myogenesis steps 571:598 the initial myogenesis steps 571:598 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 1 30 theme BACKGROUND 79:88 arg1 Myogenesis 90:99 BACKGROUND Myogenesis 79:99 BACKGROUND Myogenesis 79:99 BACKGROUND Myogenesis is initiated by myoblast differentiation and fusion to form myotubes and muscle fibres. 25051993 5 31 dep Janot 648:652 arg1 al 657:658 et al 654:658 Janot et al. (2009) 648:666 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 10 32 theme main 1441:1444 arg1 processes 1465:1473 the main regulated cellular processes 1437:1473 the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation 1437:1501 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 32 theme main 1441:1444 arg1 remodeling 1512:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 33 dep increase 1656:1663 arg1 iii 1648:1650 iii 1648:1650 iii 1648:1650 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 7 34 dep RESULTS 987:993 arg1 identified 1064:1073 identified 1064:1073 identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis 1064:1109 RESULTS The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis. 25051993 10 35 theme glycan 1622:1627 arg1 biosynthesis 1629:1640 O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis 1611:1640 O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis 1611:1640 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 14 36 theme specific 2037:2044 arg1 antibodies 2046:2055 specific antibodies 2037:2055 specific antibodies 2037:2055 This result was confirmed by neutralization of Itga11 product by specific antibodies. 25051993 14 37 theme product 2026:2032 arg1 neutralization 2001:2014 neutralization 2001:2014 neutralization of Itga11 product by specific antibodies 2001:2055 This result was confirmed by neutralization of Itga11 product by specific antibodies. 25051993 0 38 theme adhesion 32:39 arg1 genes 49:53 adhesion related genes 32:53 adhesion related genes 32:53 Highlights of glycosylation and adhesion related genes involved in myogenesis. 25051993 5 39 theme synthesis 757:765 arg1 pathways 734:741 pathways 734:741 pathways of glycolipid synthesis 734:765 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 5 40 dep line 625:628 arg1 C2C12 630:634 C2C12 630:634 the myoblast cell line C2C12 607:634 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 10 41 theme adhesion 1668:1675 arg1 expression 1685:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 4 42 from expression 523:532 arg1 study 498:502 the study 494:502 the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process 494:561 These modifications are tightly regulated over time and can be characterized through the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process. 25051993 17 43 from studies 2304:2310 arg1 Itga11 2315:2320 Itga11 2315:2320 Itga11 2315:2320 Functional studies on Itga11 and Chst5 demonstrated the robustness of this screening. 25051993 17 43 from studies 2304:2310 arg1 Chst5 2326:2330 Chst5 2326:2330 Chst5 2326:2330 Functional studies on Itga11 and Chst5 demonstrated the robustness of this screening. 25051993 2 44 theme myoblasts 205:213 arg1 responsible 245:255 responsible 245:255 responsible 245:255 A population of myoblasts, known as satellite cells, is responsible for post-natal growth of muscle and for its regeneration. 25051993 2 44 theme myoblasts 205:213 arg1 population 191:200 A population 189:200 A population 189:200 A population of myoblasts, known as satellite cells, is responsible for post-natal growth of muscle and for its regeneration. 25051993 6 45 theme satellite 797:805 arg1 cells 807:811 murine satellite cells 790:811 murine satellite cells (MSC) 790:817 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 6 45 theme satellite 797:805 arg1 MSC 814:816 MSC 814:816 MSC 814:816 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 7 46 from comparison 999:1008 arg1 pathways 1055:1062 both MSC differentiation pathways 1030:1062 both MSC differentiation pathways 1030:1062 RESULTS The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis. 25051993 10 47 theme extracellular 1530:1542 arg1 matrix 1544:1549 the extracellular matrix 1526:1549 the extracellular matrix 1526:1549 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 6 48 theme fat 877:879 arg1 cells 889:893 early fat storage cells 871:893 early fat storage cells 871:893 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 13 49 theme MSC 1967:1969 arg1 ability 1956:1962 the fusion ability 1945:1962 the fusion ability of MSC 1945:1969 By contrast, the inactivation of Itga11 by specific shRNA dramatically decreased the fusion ability of MSC. 25051993 10 50 from increase 1656:1663 arg1 expression 1685:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 4 51 from changes 507:513 arg1 expression 523:532 gene expression 518:532 gene expression associated with this process 518:561 These modifications are tightly regulated over time and can be characterized through the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process. 25051993 2 52 theme muscle 282:287 arg1 growth 272:277 post-natal growth 261:277 post-natal growth of muscle 261:287 A population of myoblasts, known as satellite cells, is responsible for post-natal growth of muscle and for its regeneration. 25051993 4 53 from study 498:502 arg1 expression 523:532 gene expression 518:532 gene expression associated with this process 518:561 These modifications are tightly regulated over time and can be characterized through the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process. 25051993 1 54 theme muscle 174:179 arg1 fibres 181:186 muscle fibres 174:186 muscle fibres 174:186 BACKGROUND Myogenesis is initiated by myoblast differentiation and fusion to form myotubes and muscle fibres. 25051993 7 55 theme differentiation 1039:1053 arg1 pathways 1055:1062 both MSC differentiation pathways 1030:1062 both MSC differentiation pathways 1030:1062 RESULTS The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis. 25051993 13 56 theme Itga11 1897:1902 arg1 inactivation 1881:1892 the inactivation 1877:1892 the inactivation of Itga11 by specific shRNA 1877:1920 By contrast, the inactivation of Itga11 by specific shRNA dramatically decreased the fusion ability of MSC. 25051993 8 57 theme cell 1220:1223 arg1 types 1225:1229 both cell types 1215:1229 both cell types 1215:1229 Comparison with data obtained for C2C12 revealed that only 14 genes had similar expression profiles in both cell types and that 17 genes were specifically regulated in MSC. 25051993 11 58 theme up-regulated 1770:1781 arg1 proteins 1783:1790 two highly up-regulated proteins 1759:1790 two highly up-regulated proteins 1759:1790 A functional study was performed on Itga11 and Chst5 encoding two highly up-regulated proteins. 25051993 13 59 theme specific 1907:1914 arg1 shRNA 1916:1920 specific shRNA 1907:1920 specific shRNA 1907:1920 By contrast, the inactivation of Itga11 by specific shRNA dramatically decreased the fusion ability of MSC. 25051993 6 60 theme related 919:925 arg1 genes 927:931 glycosylation related genes 905:931 glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific 905:984 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 5 61 theme significant 675:685 arg1 variations 687:696 significant variations 675:696 significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis 675:765 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 3 62 from changes 350:356 arg1 behaviour 366:374 cell behaviour 361:374 cell behaviour 361:374 This differentiation requires many changes in cell behaviour and its surrounding environment. 25051993 8 63 contain had 1180:1182 arg2 profiles 1203:1210 similar expression profiles 1184:1210 similar expression profiles 1184:1210 Comparison with data obtained for C2C12 revealed that only 14 genes had similar expression profiles in both cell types and that 17 genes were specifically regulated in MSC. 25051993 8 63 contain had 1180:1182 arg1 genes 1174:1178 only 14 genes 1166:1178 only 14 genes 1166:1178 Comparison with data obtained for C2C12 revealed that only 14 genes had similar expression profiles in both cell types and that 17 genes were specifically regulated in MSC. 25051993 1 64 theme myoblast 117:124 arg1 differentiation 126:140 myoblast differentiation 117:140 myoblast differentiation 117:140 BACKGROUND Myogenesis is initiated by myoblast differentiation and fusion to form myotubes and muscle fibres. 25051993 8 65 theme expression 1192:1201 arg1 profiles 1203:1210 similar expression profiles 1184:1210 similar expression profiles 1184:1210 Comparison with data obtained for C2C12 revealed that only 14 genes had similar expression profiles in both cell types and that 17 genes were specifically regulated in MSC. 25051993 16 66 theme genes 2261:2265 arg1 products 2234:2241 the products 2230:2241 the products of these selected genes 2230:2265 According to their function, interaction networks of the products of these selected genes converged to cell fusion. 25051993 4 67 theme changes 507:513 arg1 study 498:502 the study 494:502 the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process 494:561 These modifications are tightly regulated over time and can be characterized through the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process. 25051993 4 68 theme gene 518:521 arg1 expression 523:532 gene expression 518:532 gene expression associated with this process 518:561 These modifications are tightly regulated over time and can be characterized through the study of changes in gene expression associated with this process. 25051993 3 69 theme cell 361:364 arg1 behaviour 366:374 cell behaviour 361:374 cell behaviour 361:374 This differentiation requires many changes in cell behaviour and its surrounding environment. 25051993 8 70 with Comparison 1112:1121 arg1 data 1128:1131 data 1128:1131 data obtained for C2C12 1128:1150 Comparison with data obtained for C2C12 revealed that only 14 genes had similar expression profiles in both cell types and that 17 genes were specifically regulated in MSC. 25051993 16 71 theme interaction 2206:2216 arg1 networks 2218:2225 interaction networks 2206:2225 interaction networks of the products of these selected genes 2206:2265 According to their function, interaction networks of the products of these selected genes converged to cell fusion. 25051993 12 72 theme MSC 1859:1861 arg1 fusion 1849:1854 the fusion 1845:1854 the fusion of MSC 1845:1861 The inactivation of Chst5 by specific shRNA delayed the fusion of MSC. 25051993 5 73 theme cell 620:623 arg1 line 625:628 myoblast cell line 611:628 the myoblast cell line C2C12 607:634 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 5 73 theme cell 620:623 arg1 model 641:645 a model 639:645 a model 639:645 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 10 74 theme regulated 1446:1454 arg1 processes 1465:1473 the main regulated cellular processes 1437:1473 the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation 1437:1501 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 74 theme regulated 1446:1454 arg1 remodeling 1512:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 75 theme biosynthesis 1629:1640 arg1 processes 1465:1473 the main regulated cellular processes 1437:1473 the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation 1437:1501 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 75 theme biosynthesis 1629:1640 arg1 remodeling 1512:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 (i) remodeling 1508:1521 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 75 theme biosynthesis 1629:1640 arg1 down-regulation 1592:1606 (ii) down-regulation 1587:1606 (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis 1587:1640 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 75 theme biosynthesis 1629:1640 arg1 increase 1656:1663 an increase 1653:1663 (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression 1647:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 10 75 theme biosynthesis 1629:1640 arg1 structures 1575:1584 sulfated structures 1566:1584 sulfated structures 1566:1584 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 5 76 theme myogenesis 583:592 arg1 steps 594:598 the initial myogenesis steps 571:598 the initial myogenesis steps 571:598 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 3 77 theme surrounding 384:394 arg1 environment 396:406 its surrounding environment 380:406 its surrounding environment 380:406 This differentiation requires many changes in cell behaviour and its surrounding environment. 25051993 6 78 theme murine 790:795 arg1 cells 807:811 murine satellite cells 790:811 murine satellite cells (MSC) 790:817 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 6 78 theme murine 790:795 arg1 MSC 814:816 MSC 814:816 MSC 814:816 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 25051993 16 79 theme products 2234:2241 arg1 networks 2218:2225 interaction networks 2206:2225 interaction networks of the products of these selected genes 2206:2265 According to their function, interaction networks of the products of these selected genes converged to cell fusion. 25051993 10 80 theme O-mannosyl 1611:1620 arg1 biosynthesis 1629:1640 O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis 1611:1640 O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis 1611:1640 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 7 81 theme genes 1021:1025 arg1 comparison 999:1008 The comparison 995:1008 The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways 995:1062 RESULTS The comparison of variant genes in both MSC differentiation pathways identified 67 genes associated with myogenesis. 25051993 5 82 theme glycolipid 746:755 arg1 synthesis 757:765 glycolipid synthesis 746:765 glycolipid synthesis 746:765 During the initial myogenesis steps, using the myoblast cell line C2C12 as a model, Janot et al. (2009) showed significant variations in expression for genes involved in pathways of glycolipid synthesis. 25051993 9 83 theme without 1325:1331 arg1 clustering 1342:1351 without a priori clustering 1325:1351 without a priori clustering 1325:1351 Results were validated statistically by without a priori clustering. 25051993 10 84 from remodeling 1512:1521 arg1 expression 1685:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 14 85 theme Itga11 2019:2024 arg1 product 2026:2032 Itga11 product 2019:2032 Itga11 product 2019:2032 This result was confirmed by neutralization of Itga11 product by specific antibodies. 25051993 9 86 theme priori 1335:1340 arg1 clustering 1342:1351 without a priori clustering 1325:1351 without a priori clustering 1325:1351 Results were validated statistically by without a priori clustering. 25051993 12 87 theme Chst5 1813:1817 arg1 inactivation 1797:1808 The inactivation 1793:1808 The inactivation of Chst5 by specific shRNA 1793:1835 The inactivation of Chst5 by specific shRNA delayed the fusion of MSC. 25051993 15 88 theme screening 2074:2082 arg1 method 2084:2089 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method 2058:2089 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method 2058:2089 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method detected 31 genes specific for myogenic differentiation out of the 383 genes studied. 25051993 10 89 from structures 1575:1584 arg1 expression 1685:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 adhesion protein expression 1668:1694 Classification according to protein function encoded by these 31 genes showed that the main regulated cellular processes during this differentiation were (i) remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly, sulfated structures, (ii) down-regulation of O-mannosyl glycan biosynthesis, and (iii) an increase in adhesion protein expression. 25051993 12 90 theme specific 1822:1829 arg1 shRNA 1831:1835 specific shRNA 1822:1835 specific shRNA 1822:1835 The inactivation of Chst5 by specific shRNA delayed the fusion of MSC. 25051993 15 91 theme CONCLUSIONS 2058:2068 arg1 method 2084:2089 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method 2058:2089 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method 2058:2089 CONCLUSIONS Our screening method detected 31 genes specific for myogenic differentiation out of the 383 genes studied. 25051993 13 92 theme fusion 1949:1954 arg1 ability 1956:1962 the fusion ability 1945:1962 the fusion ability of MSC 1945:1969 By contrast, the inactivation of Itga11 by specific shRNA dramatically decreased the fusion ability of MSC. 25051993 6 93 used used 785:788 arg2 we 782:783 we 782:783 we 782:783 In this study we used murine satellite cells (MSC) and their ability to differentiate into myotubes or early fat storage cells to select glycosylation related genes whose variation of expression is myogenesis specific. 28102671 8 0 theme gp120 1586:1590 arg1 interrogation 1544:1556 the structural interrogation 1529:1556 the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs 1529:1607 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 4 1 theme photochemical 853:865 arg1 oxidation 867:875 fast photochemical oxidation 848:875 fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 848:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 8 2 theme other 1597:1601 arg1 bNAbs 1603:1607 other bNAbs 1597:1607 other bNAbs 1597:1607 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 6 3 theme light 1245:1249 arg1 chain 1251:1255 the light chain 1241:1255 the light chain of b12 1241:1262 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 8 4 theme broad 1664:1668 arg1 specificity 1670:1680 the broad specificity 1660:1680 the broad specificity of the bNAb 1660:1692 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 1 5 theme Glycoprotein 125:136 arg1 antigen 157:163 a surface antigen 147:163 a surface antigen 147:163 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 1 5 theme Glycoprotein 125:136 arg1 gp120 138:142 Glycoprotein gp120 125:142 Glycoprotein gp120 125:142 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 7 6 theme b12 1372:1374 arg1 chain 1382:1386 the b12 light chain 1368:1386 the b12 light chain 1368:1386 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 3 7 from perspective 482:492 arg1 system 529:534 a particularly difficult system 504:534 a particularly difficult system 504:534 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 7 from perspective 482:492 arg1 gp120 495:499 gp120 495:499 gp120 495:499 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 2 8 theme isolates 303:310 arg1 variety 288:294 a variety 286:294 a variety of HIV isolates 286:310 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 2 8 theme isolates 303:310 arg1 isolates 303:310 HIV isolates 299:310 HIV isolates 299:310 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 8 9 theme bNAb 1689:1692 arg1 specificity 1670:1680 the broad specificity 1660:1680 the broad specificity of the bNAb 1660:1692 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 1 10 theme immunodeficiency 195:210 arg1 virus 212:216 human immunodeficiency virus 1 189:218 human immunodeficiency virus 1 189:218 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 6 11 theme gp120-b12 1116:1124 arg1 complex 1126:1132 the gp120-b12 complex 1112:1132 the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling 1112:1168 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 6 12 theme domain 1219:1224 arg1 interaction 1194:1204 a novel extensive interaction 1176:1204 a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain 1176:1224 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 3 13 from important 656:664 arg1 interactions 680:691 gp120-bNAb interactions 669:691 gp120-bNAb interactions 669:691 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 14 theme flexible 582:589 arg1 regions 591:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 4 15 with interaction 704:714 arg1 b12 761:763 bNAb b12 756:763 bNAb b12 756:763 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 2 16 theme neutralizing 229:240 arg1 bNAbs 254:258 bNAbs 254:258 bNAbs 254:258 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 2 16 theme neutralizing 229:240 arg1 antibodies 242:251 Broadly neutralizing antibodies 221:251 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates 221:310 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 3 17 dep system 529:534 arg1 important 656:664 important 656:664 important 656:664 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 2 18 dep offer 312:316 arg1 hope 318:321 hope 318:321 hope 318:321 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 6 19 theme novel 1178:1182 arg1 interaction 1194:1204 a novel extensive interaction 1176:1204 a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain 1176:1224 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 0 20 theme Antibody 63:70 arg1 Complex 72:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 1 21 theme virulence 169:177 arg1 factor 179:184 virulence factor 169:184 virulence factor 169:184 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 0 22 theme Radical 95:101 arg1 Footprinting 111:122 Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting 86:122 Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting 86:122 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 5 23 theme average 943:949 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 8 24 theme gp120 1478:1482 arg1 interactions 1436:1447 the interactions 1432:1447 the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12 1432:1491 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 5 25 theme accessible 959:968 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 2 26 theme vaccination 379:389 arg1 purposes 391:398 vaccination purposes 379:398 vaccination purposes 379:398 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 0 27 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Analysis 11:18 Structural Analysis 0:18 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 0:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 7 28 theme HR-HRPF 1286:1292 arg1 protection 1294:1303 HR-HRPF protection 1286:1303 HR-HRPF protection 1286:1303 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 4 29 theme full-length 719:729 arg1 gp120 745:749 full-length, glycosylated gp120 719:749 full-length, glycosylated gp120 719:749 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 6 30 theme computational 1147:1159 arg1 modeling 1161:1168 computational modeling 1147:1168 computational modeling 1147:1168 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 3 31 theme glycosylation 624:636 arg1 size 551:554 its size 547:554 its size 547:554 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 31 theme glycosylation 624:636 arg1 presence 561:568 the presence 557:568 the presence of multiple flexible regions 557:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 31 theme glycosylation 624:636 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 glycosylation 624:636 glycosylation 624:636 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 31 theme glycosylation 624:636 arg1 amount 614:619 the large amount 604:619 the large amount of glycosylation 604:636 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 31 theme glycosylation 624:636 arg1 regions 591:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 4 32 theme high-resolution 781:795 arg1 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 4 32 theme high-resolution 781:795 arg1 footprinting 822:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting 781:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 781:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 0 33 theme Glycosylated 27:38 arg1 Complex 72:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 8 34 dep providing 1404:1412 arg1 addition 1392:1399 addition 1392:1399 addition 1392:1399 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 5 35 theme acids 1001:1005 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 4 36 theme radical 806:812 arg1 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 4 36 theme radical 806:812 arg1 footprinting 822:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting 781:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 781:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 0 37 theme HIV-1 47:51 arg1 Complex 72:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 8 38 with interrogation 1544:1556 arg1 bNAbs 1603:1607 other bNAbs 1597:1607 other bNAbs 1597:1607 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 8 39 theme structural 1533:1542 arg1 interrogation 1544:1556 the structural interrogation 1529:1556 the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs 1529:1607 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 2 40 theme immunogens 364:373 arg1 development 331:341 the development 327:341 the development of broadly effective immunogens 327:373 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 5 41 theme multiple 986:993 arg1 acids 1001:1005 multiple amino acids 986:1005 multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 986:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 3 42 theme gp120-bNAb 669:678 arg1 interactions 680:691 gp120-bNAb interactions 669:691 gp120-bNAb interactions 669:691 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 6 43 theme b12 1260:1262 arg1 chain 1251:1255 the light chain 1241:1255 the light chain of b12 1241:1262 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 8 44 theme glycosylated 1573:1584 arg1 gp120 1586:1590 full-length glycosylated gp120 1561:1590 full-length glycosylated gp120 1561:1590 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 8 45 dep full-length 1452:1462 arg1 glycosylated 1465:1476 glycosylated 1465:1476 glycosylated 1465:1476 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 4 46 theme fast 848:851 arg1 oxidation 867:875 fast photochemical oxidation 848:875 fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 848:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 3 47 theme difficult 519:527 arg1 system 529:534 a particularly difficult system 504:534 a particularly difficult system 504:534 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 47 theme difficult 519:527 arg1 gp120 495:499 gp120 495:499 gp120 495:499 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 4 48 theme protein 814:820 arg1 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 4 48 theme protein 814:820 arg1 footprinting 822:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting 781:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 781:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 7 49 theme light 1376:1380 arg1 chain 1382:1386 the b12 light chain 1368:1386 the b12 light chain 1368:1386 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 3 50 from interactions 680:691 arg1 important 656:664 important 656:664 important 656:664 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 5 51 from area 978:981 arg1 measurement 913:923 the measurement 909:923 the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 909:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 1 52 theme human 189:193 arg1 virus 212:216 human immunodeficiency virus 1 189:218 human immunodeficiency virus 1 189:218 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 6 53 theme complex 1126:1132 arg1 HR-HRPF 1101:1107 HR-HRPF 1101:1107 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling 1101:1168 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 2 54 theme HIV 299:301 arg1 isolates 303:310 HIV isolates 299:310 HIV isolates 299:310 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 28102671 1 55 theme virus 212:216 arg1 antigen 157:163 a surface antigen 147:163 a surface antigen 147:163 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 1 55 theme virus 212:216 arg1 factor 179:184 virulence factor 169:184 virulence factor 169:184 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 1 55 theme virus 212:216 arg1 gp120 138:142 Glycoprotein gp120 125:142 Glycoprotein gp120 125:142 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 7 56 theme glycan 1356:1361 arg1 interaction 1332:1342 interaction 1332:1342 interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain 1332:1386 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 3 57 theme multiple 573:580 arg1 regions 591:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 6 58 theme V1/V2 1213:1217 arg1 domain 1219:1224 the V1/V2 domain 1209:1224 the V1/V2 domain 1209:1224 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 5 59 theme protein 1058:1064 arg1 conformation 1066:1077 the protein conformation 1054:1077 the protein conformation 1054:1077 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 4 60 dep full-length 719:729 arg1 glycosylated 732:743 glycosylated 732:743 glycosylated 732:743 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 5 61 theme surface 970:976 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 7 62 theme N330 1351:1354 arg1 glycan 1356:1361 the N330 glycan 1347:1361 the N330 glycan 1347:1361 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 4 63 theme proteins 880:887 arg1 oxidation 867:875 fast photochemical oxidation 848:875 fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 848:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 6 64 theme extensive 1184:1192 arg1 interaction 1194:1204 a novel extensive interaction 1176:1204 a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain 1176:1224 HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. 28102671 0 65 theme Complex 72:78 arg1 Analysis 11:18 Structural Analysis 0:18 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 0:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 3 66 theme regions 591:597 arg1 size 551:554 its size 547:554 its size 547:554 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 66 theme regions 591:597 arg1 presence 561:568 the presence 557:568 the presence of multiple flexible regions 557:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 66 theme regions 591:597 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 glycosylation 624:636 glycosylation 624:636 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 66 theme regions 591:597 arg1 amount 614:619 the large amount 604:619 the large amount of glycosylation 604:636 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 66 theme regions 591:597 arg1 regions 591:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 1 67 theme surface 149:155 arg1 antigen 157:163 a surface antigen 147:163 a surface antigen 147:163 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 1 67 theme surface 149:155 arg1 gp120 138:142 Glycoprotein gp120 125:142 Glycoprotein gp120 125:142 Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. 28102671 8 68 theme full-length 1452:1462 arg1 gp120 1478:1482 full-length, glycosylated gp120 1452:1482 full-length, glycosylated gp120 1452:1482 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 7 69 theme C3 1312:1313 arg1 domain 1315:1320 the C3 domain 1308:1320 the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain 1308:1386 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 7 70 with interaction 1332:1342 arg1 chain 1382:1386 the b12 light chain 1368:1386 the b12 light chain 1368:1386 Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. 28102671 0 71 theme Hydroxyl 86:93 arg1 Footprinting 111:122 Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting 86:122 Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting 86:122 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 0 72 theme Protein 103:109 arg1 Footprinting 111:122 Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting 86:122 Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting 86:122 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 5 73 theme solvent 951:957 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 4 74 theme gp120 745:749 arg1 interaction 704:714 the interaction 700:714 the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 700:763 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 5 75 theme changes 928:934 arg1 measurement 913:923 the measurement 909:923 the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 909:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 8 76 with interactions 1436:1447 arg1 b12 1489:1491 b12 1489:1491 b12 1489:1491 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 0 77 theme Intact 40:45 arg1 Complex 72:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 5 78 theme amino 995:999 arg1 acids 1001:1005 multiple amino acids 986:1005 multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 986:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 5 79 dep such 1080:1083 arg1 as 1085:1086 as 1085:1086 as 1085:1086 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 3 80 theme large 608:612 arg1 glycosylation 624:636 glycosylation 624:636 glycosylation 624:636 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 80 theme large 608:612 arg1 amount 614:619 the large amount 604:619 the large amount of glycosylation 604:636 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 3 80 theme large 608:612 arg1 regions 591:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 multiple flexible regions 573:597 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 0 81 theme gp120-b12 53:61 arg1 Complex 72:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex 23:78 Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120-b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting. 28102671 4 82 theme hydroxyl 797:804 arg1 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 HR-HRPF 836:842 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 4 82 theme hydroxyl 797:804 arg1 footprinting 822:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting 781:833 high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins 781:887 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 5 83 from changes 928:934 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 8 84 gly glycosylated 1573:1584 arg1 gp120 1586:1590 full-length glycosylated gp120 1561:1590 full-length glycosylated gp120 1561:1590 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 4 85 theme bNAb 756:759 arg1 b12 761:763 bNAb b12 756:763 bNAb b12 756:763 Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. 28102671 3 86 theme structural 471:480 arg1 perspective 482:492 a structural perspective 469:492 a structural perspective 469:492 From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. 28102671 5 87 from measurement 913:923 arg1 area 978:981 the average solvent accessible surface area 939:981 the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis 939:1098 HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. 28102671 8 88 theme full-length 1561:1571 arg1 gp120 1586:1590 full-length glycosylated gp120 1561:1590 full-length glycosylated gp120 1561:1590 In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb. 28102671 2 89 theme effective 354:362 arg1 immunogens 364:373 broadly effective immunogens 346:373 broadly effective immunogens 346:373 Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. 25522619 3 0 dep polysaccharides 723:737 arg1 CMYW1 756:760 CMYW1 756:760 CMYW1 756:760 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 0 dep polysaccharides 723:737 arg1 polysaccharides 723:737 three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 708:760 three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 708:760 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 0 dep polysaccharides 723:737 arg1 CMBW2 746:750 CMBW2 746:750 CMBW2 746:750 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 0 dep polysaccharides 723:737 arg1 CMBW1 739:743 CMBW1 739:743 CMBW1 739:743 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 4 1 from kg 1399:1400 arg1 Polysaccharide 1373:1386 Polysaccharide 1373:1386 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) 1373:1404 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. 25522619 1 2 theme reverse 272:278 arg1 transport 292:300 reverse cholesterol transport 272:300 reverse cholesterol transport 272:300 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 4 3 from mg 1394:1395 arg1 Polysaccharide 1373:1386 Polysaccharide 1373:1386 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) 1373:1404 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. 25522619 1 4 theme monosaccharide 173:186 arg1 composition 188:198 the monosaccharide composition 169:198 the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris 169:245 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 3 5 with ratio 1088:1092 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 a molar ratio 1213:1225 a molar ratio of 2.40 1213:1233 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 6 theme permeation 581:590 arg1 chromatography 592:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 7 theme carbohydrate 789:800 arg1 contents 802:809 their total carbohydrate contents 777:809 their total carbohydrate contents 777:809 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 8 dep 7.25 1097:1100 arg1 0.79 1134:1137 0.79 1134:1137 0.79 1134:1137 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 8 dep 7.25 1097:1100 arg1 composed 1150:1157 composed 1150:1157 was composed of mannose 1146:1168 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 9 with galactose 1051:1059 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 10 theme performance 565:575 arg1 chromatography 592:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 1 11 from effect 262:267 arg1 transport 292:300 reverse cholesterol transport 272:300 reverse cholesterol transport 272:300 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 1 12 theme Cordyceps 227:235 arg1 militaris 237:245 Cordyceps militaris 227:245 Cordyceps militaris 227:245 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 2 13 theme performance 616:626 arg1 chromatography 635:648 high performance liquid chromatography 611:648 high performance liquid chromatography 611:648 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 14 with acid 1036:1039 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 1 15 from composition 188:198 arg1 militaris 237:245 Cordyceps militaris 227:245 Cordyceps militaris 227:245 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 3 16 with glucose 1042:1048 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 17 theme molar 1333:1337 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 5 18 theme cholesterol 1625:1635 arg1 transport 1637:1645 reverse cholesterol transport 1617:1645 reverse cholesterol transport 1617:1645 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 3 19 theme molar 1215:1219 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 a molar ratio 1213:1225 a molar ratio of 2.40 1213:1233 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 0 20 theme Cordyceps 77:85 arg1 polysaccharide 97:110 Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 77:110 Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 77:110 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 3 21 with % 818:818 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 1 22 dep purify 148:153 arg1 separate 138:145 separate 138:145 separate 138:145 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 0 23 theme polysaccharide 97:110 arg1 study 68:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study 0:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 0:110 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 3 24 dep % 818:818 arg1 % 876:876 6.5% 873:876 6.5% 873:876 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 24 dep % 818:818 arg1 % 882:882 1.3% 879:882 1.3% 879:882 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 24 dep % 818:818 arg1 % 888:888 2.8% 885:888 2.8% 885:888 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 25 theme Fast 412:415 arg1 Flow 417:420 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 Flow 417:420 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 2 26 theme column 393:398 arg1 Flow 417:420 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 Flow 417:420 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 0 27 theme [Separation 0:10 arg1 study 68:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study 0:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 0:110 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 1 28 theme cholesterol 280:290 arg1 transport 292:300 reverse cholesterol transport 272:300 reverse cholesterol transport 272:300 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 3 29 theme molecular 911:919 arg1 weights 921:927 their molecular weights 905:927 their molecular weights 905:927 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 30 theme Sephacryl 448:456 arg1 S200HR 458:463 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 S200HR 458:463 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 2 31 theme exclusion 431:439 arg1 S200HR 458:463 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 S200HR 458:463 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 0 32 theme purification 13:24 arg1 study 68:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study 0:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 0:110 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 3 33 dep acid 1036:1039 arg1 composed 1264:1271 composed 1264:1271 was composed of mannose 1260:1282 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 0 34 theme primary 30:36 arg1 transport 58:66 primary reverse cholesterol transport 30:66 primary reverse cholesterol transport 30:66 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 5 35 dep improve 1609:1615 arg1 studied 1692:1698 studied 1692:1698 are being studied 1682:1698 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 2 36 theme molecular 470:478 arg1 weight 480:485 the molecular weight 466:485 the molecular weight 466:485 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 5 37 theme purified 1519:1526 arg1 CMYW1 1561:1565 CMYW1 1561:1565 CMYW1 1561:1565 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 5 37 theme purified 1519:1526 arg1 polysaccharides 1528:1542 the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 1509:1565 the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 1509:1565 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 5 37 theme purified 1519:1526 arg1 CMBW2 1551:1555 CMBW2 1551:1555 CMBW2 1551:1555 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 5 37 theme purified 1519:1526 arg1 CMBW1 1544:1548 CMBW1 1544:1548 CMBW1 1544:1548 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 0 38 theme cholesterol 46:56 arg1 transport 58:66 primary reverse cholesterol transport 30:66 primary reverse cholesterol transport 30:66 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 1 39 theme tracing 321:327 arg1 assay 329:333 isotope tracing assay 313:333 isotope tracing assay 313:333 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 5 40 theme underlying 1660:1669 arg1 mechanisms 1671:1680 the underlying mechanisms 1656:1680 the underlying mechanisms 1656:1680 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 2 41 theme ion 380:382 arg1 Flow 417:420 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 Flow 417:420 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 4 42 from feces 1495:1499 arg1 blood 1470:1474 blood 1470:1474 blood 1470:1474 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. 25522619 4 42 from feces 1495:1499 arg1 excretion 1480:1488 excretion 1480:1488 excretion 1480:1488 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. 25522619 3 43 theme 7.25 1097:1100 arg1 glucosamine 1171:1181 glucosamine 1171:1181 glucosamine 1171:1181 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 43 theme 7.25 1097:1100 arg1 galactose 1184:1192 galactose 1184:1192 galactose 1184:1192 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 43 theme 7.25 1097:1100 arg1 arabinose 1198:1206 arabinose 1198:1206 arabinose 1198:1206 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 43 theme 7.25 1097:1100 arg1 ratio 1088:1092 a molar ratio 1080:1092 a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose 1080:1168 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 44 theme liquid 628:633 arg1 chromatography 635:648 high performance liquid chromatography 611:648 high performance liquid chromatography 611:648 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 45 theme total 783:787 arg1 contents 802:809 their total carbohydrate contents 777:809 their total carbohydrate contents 777:809 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 5 46 dep polysaccharides 1528:1542 arg1 CMYW1 1561:1565 CMYW1 1561:1565 CMYW1 1561:1565 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 5 46 dep polysaccharides 1528:1542 arg1 polysaccharides 1528:1542 the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 1509:1565 the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 1509:1565 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 5 46 dep polysaccharides 1528:1542 arg1 CMBW2 1551:1555 CMBW2 1551:1555 CMBW2 1551:1555 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 5 46 dep polysaccharides 1528:1542 arg1 CMBW1 1544:1548 CMBW1 1544:1548 CMBW1 1544:1548 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 3 47 dep 0.59 1348:1351 arg1 25.61 1366:1370 25.61 1366:1370 25.61 1366:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 48 theme pre-column 662:671 arg1 derivation 673:682 pre-column derivation 662:682 pre-column derivation 662:682 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 2 49 theme gel 577:579 arg1 chromatography 592:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 2 50 theme high 560:563 arg1 chromatography 592:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 high performance gel permeation chromatography 560:605 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 4 51 theme 3H- 1451:1453 arg1 cholesterol 1455:1465 3H- cholesterol 1451:1465 3H- cholesterol 1451:1465 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. 25522619 2 52 theme high 611:614 arg1 chromatography 635:648 high performance liquid chromatography 611:648 high performance liquid chromatography 611:648 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 1 53 from militaris 237:245 arg1 composition 188:198 the monosaccharide composition 169:198 the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris 169:245 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 1 53 from militaris 237:245 arg1 polysaccharide 207:220 the polysaccharide 203:220 the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris 203:245 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 5 54 theme reverse 1617:1623 arg1 transport 1637:1645 reverse cholesterol transport 1617:1645 reverse cholesterol transport 1617:1645 All of the three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were heteropolysaccharide; and they could improve reverse cholesterol transport in vivo, the underlying mechanisms are being studied. 25522619 3 55 with glucosamine 1002:1012 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 56 theme 2.40 1230:1233 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 a molar ratio 1213:1225 a molar ratio of 2.40 1213:1233 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 0 57 theme militaris 87:95 arg1 polysaccharide 97:110 Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 77:110 Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 77:110 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 3 58 with rhamnose 1015:1022 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 59 theme monosaccharide 491:504 arg1 composition 506:516 monosaccharide composition 491:516 monosaccharide composition 491:516 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 60 theme 0.59 1348:1351 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 61 theme protein 851:857 arg1 contents 859:866 their protein contents 845:866 their protein contents 845:866 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 62 theme 2.92 1242:1245 arg1 ratio 1088:1092 a molar ratio 1080:1092 a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose 1080:1168 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 1 63 theme polysaccharide 207:220 arg1 composition 188:198 the monosaccharide composition 169:198 the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris 169:245 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 2 64 theme polysaccharides 525:539 arg1 weight 480:485 the molecular weight 466:485 the molecular weight 466:485 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 2 64 theme polysaccharides 525:539 arg1 composition 506:516 monosaccharide composition 491:516 monosaccharide composition 491:516 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 65 with arabinose 1198:1206 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 a molar ratio 1213:1225 a molar ratio of 2.40 1213:1233 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 66 theme 0.16 1236:1239 arg1 ratio 1088:1092 a molar ratio 1080:1092 a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose 1080:1168 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 67 theme Q-sepharose 400:410 arg1 Flow 417:420 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 Flow 417:420 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 68 theme glucuronic 1025:1034 arg1 acid 1036:1039 glucuronic acid 1025:1039 glucuronic acid 1025:1039 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 69 with acid 1309:1312 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 70 theme exchange 384:391 arg1 Flow 417:420 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 Flow 417:420 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 2 71 theme column 441:446 arg1 S200HR 458:463 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 S200HR 458:463 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 3 72 with glucosamine 1171:1181 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 a molar ratio 1213:1225 a molar ratio of 2.40 1213:1233 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 73 theme 0.24 1248:1251 arg1 ratio 1088:1092 a molar ratio 1080:1092 a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose 1080:1168 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 74 with glucose 1318:1324 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 2 75 theme size 426:429 arg1 S200HR 458:463 ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR 380:463 S200HR 458:463 Polysaccharides were separate and purify by ion exchange column Q-sepharose Fast Flow and size exclusion column Sephacryl S200HR; the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography coming with pre-column derivation, respectively. 25522619 0 76 theme reverse 38:44 arg1 transport 58:66 primary reverse cholesterol transport 30:66 primary reverse cholesterol transport 30:66 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 3 77 with galactose 1184:1192 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 a molar ratio 1213:1225 a molar ratio of 2.40 1213:1233 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 0 78 theme transport 58:66 arg1 study 68:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study 0:72 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 0:110 [Separation, purification and primary reverse cholesterol transport study of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide]. 25522619 1 79 theme isotope 313:319 arg1 assay 329:333 isotope tracing assay 313:333 isotope tracing assay 313:333 The authors designed to separate, purify and determine the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris, and study its effect on reverse cholesterol transport in vivo by isotope tracing assay. 25522619 3 80 theme molar 1082:1086 arg1 ratio 1088:1092 a molar ratio 1080:1092 a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose 1080:1168 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 4 81 theme cholesterol 1455:1465 arg1 transport 1438:1446 the transport 1434:1446 the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces 1434:1499 Polysaccharide at 50 mg x kg(-1) could significantly improve the transport of 3H- cholesterol to blood and excretion from feces. 25522619 3 82 theme purified 714:721 arg1 CMYW1 756:760 CMYW1 756:760 CMYW1 756:760 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 82 theme purified 714:721 arg1 polysaccharides 723:737 three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 708:760 three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 708:760 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 82 theme purified 714:721 arg1 CMBW2 746:750 CMBW2 746:750 CMBW2 746:750 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 82 theme purified 714:721 arg1 CMBW1 739:743 CMBW1 739:743 CMBW1 739:743 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 83 theme glucuronic 1298:1307 arg1 acid 1309:1312 glucuronic acid 1298:1312 glucuronic acid 1298:1312 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 84 with arabinose 1065:1073 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25522619 3 85 with glucosamine 1285:1295 arg1 ratio 1339:1343 a molar ratio 1331:1343 a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61 1331:1370 Finally, three purified polysaccharides CMBW1, CMBW2 and CMYW1 were obtained, their total carbohydrate contents were 87%, 89%, 95%, respectively; their protein contents were 6.5%, 1.3%, 2.8%, respectively; their molecular weights were 772.1, 20.9, 13.2 kDa, respectively; CMBW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 7.25: 0.17: 1.29: 0.23: 6.30: 11.08: 0.79; CMBW2 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, galactose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.40: 0.16: 2.92: 0.24; CMYW1 was composed of mannose, glucosamine, glucuronic acid and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.59: 0.57: 0.45: 25.61. 25609749 0 0 from development 19:29 arg1 zebrafish 80:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 3 1 gly glycoproteins 684:696 arg1 glycoproteins 684:696 serum glycoproteins 678:696 serum glycoproteins 678:696 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 2 2 from Mutations 467:475 arg1 protein 505:511 a previously undescribed protein 480:511 a previously undescribed protein 480:511 Mutations in a previously undescribed protein, TMEM165, were recently shown to cause a new form of CDG, termed TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 2 2 from Mutations 467:475 arg1 TMEM165 514:520 TMEM165 514:520 TMEM165 514:520 Mutations in a previously undescribed protein, TMEM165, were recently shown to cause a new form of CDG, termed TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 6 3 theme markers 1000:1006 arg1 expression 978:987 Decreased expression 968:987 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development 968:1040 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 1 4 theme wide 274:277 arg1 glycosyltransferases 307:326 glycosyltransferases 307:326 glycosyltransferases 307:326 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 4 theme wide 274:277 arg1 range 279:283 a wide range 272:283 a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking 272:464 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 2 5 theme new 554:556 arg1 form 558:561 a new form 552:561 a new form 552:561 Mutations in a previously undescribed protein, TMEM165, were recently shown to cause a new form of CDG, termed TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 3 6 theme altered 653:659 arg1 glycosylation 661:673 altered glycosylation 653:673 altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins 653:696 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 3 7 theme serum 678:682 arg1 glycoproteins 684:696 serum glycoproteins 678:696 serum glycoproteins 678:696 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 4 8 theme TMEM165 815:821 arg1 functions 802:810 the physiologic and pathogenic functions 771:810 the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165 771:821 We utilized a morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish to investigate the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165. 25609749 6 9 dep cartilage 1011:1019 arg1 development 1030:1040 development 1030:1040 development 1030:1040 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 5 10 from embryos 881:887 arg1 Inhibition 824:833 Inhibition 824:833 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos 824:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 4 11 theme knockdown 724:732 arg1 strategy 734:741 a morpholino knockdown strategy 711:741 a morpholino knockdown strategy 711:741 We utilized a morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish to investigate the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165. 25609749 3 12 gly glycosylation 661:673 arg1 glycoproteins 684:696 serum glycoproteins 678:696 serum glycoproteins 678:696 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 5 13 theme developing 860:869 arg1 embryos 881:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 5 14 theme fewer 948:952 arg1 chondrocytes 954:965 fewer chondrocytes 948:965 fewer chondrocytes 948:965 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 5 15 theme attributable 932:943 arg1 abnormalities 909:921 craniofacial abnormalities 896:921 craniofacial abnormalities 896:921 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 0 16 from N-glycosylation 43:57 arg1 zebrafish 80:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 6 17 theme osteoblast 1103:1112 arg1 differentiation 1114:1128 both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation 1082:1128 differentiation 1114:1128 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 5 18 theme zebrafish 871:879 arg1 embryos 881:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 0 19 theme cartilage 9:17 arg1 development 19:29 Abnormal cartilage development 0:29 Abnormal cartilage development 0:29 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 8 20 theme chondrocytes 1576:1587 arg1 development 1561:1571 abnormal development 1552:1571 abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts 1552:1603 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 7 21 theme human 1298:1302 arg1 patients 1304:1311 human patients 1298:1311 human patients 1298:1311 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 3 22 dep cartilage 620:628 arg1 dysplasia 639:647 dysplasia 639:647 dysplasia 639:647 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 0 23 theme Abnormal 0:7 arg1 development 19:29 Abnormal cartilage development 0:29 Abnormal cartilage development 0:29 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 1 24 theme defects 288:294 arg1 glycosyltransferases 307:326 glycosyltransferases 307:326 glycosyltransferases 307:326 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 24 theme defects 288:294 arg1 range 279:283 a wide range 272:283 a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking 272:464 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 8 25 theme zebrafish 1368:1376 arg1 utility 1357:1363 the utility 1353:1363 the utility of zebrafish 1353:1376 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 3 26 theme TMEM165-CDG 591:601 arg1 patients 603:610 TMEM165-CDG patients 591:610 TMEM165-CDG patients 591:610 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 8 27 theme pathogenic 1391:1400 arg1 mechanisms 1402:1411 pathogenic mechanisms 1391:1411 pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders 1391:1451 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 7 28 theme Glycomic 1131:1138 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 Glycomic analysis 1131:1147 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants 1131:1168 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 1 29 theme inherited 202:210 arg1 diseases 212:219 inherited diseases 202:219 inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation 202:259 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 4 30 theme physiologic 775:785 arg1 functions 802:810 the physiologic and pathogenic functions 771:810 the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165 771:821 We utilized a morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish to investigate the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165. 25609749 6 31 theme Tmem165 1056:1062 arg1 deficiency 1064:1073 Tmem165 deficiency 1056:1073 Tmem165 deficiency 1056:1073 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 2 32 theme CDG 566:568 arg1 form 558:561 a new form 552:561 a new form 552:561 Mutations in a previously undescribed protein, TMEM165, were recently shown to cause a new form of CDG, termed TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 1 33 theme Golgi 417:421 arg1 architecture 423:434 Golgi architecture 417:434 Golgi architecture 417:434 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 4 34 theme pathogenic 791:800 arg1 functions 802:810 the physiologic and pathogenic functions 771:810 the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165 771:821 We utilized a morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish to investigate the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165. 25609749 1 35 theme diseases 212:219 arg1 group 193:197 a group 191:197 a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation 191:259 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 35 theme diseases 212:219 arg1 diseases 212:219 inherited diseases 202:219 inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation 202:259 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 35 theme diseases 212:219 arg1 glycosylation 170:182 glycosylation 170:182 glycosylation (CDG) 170:188 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 7 36 theme glycosylation 1267:1279 arg1 changes 1281:1287 the glycosylation changes 1263:1287 the glycosylation changes noted in human patients 1263:1311 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 8 37 theme glycosylation 1429:1441 arg1 disorders 1443:1451 glycosylation disorders 1429:1451 glycosylation disorders 1429:1451 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 3 38 theme glycoproteins 684:696 arg1 cartilage 620:628 cartilage 620:628 cartilage 620:628 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 3 38 theme glycoproteins 684:696 arg1 glycosylation 661:673 altered glycosylation 653:673 altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins 653:696 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 3 38 theme glycoproteins 684:696 arg1 bone 634:637 bone 634:637 bone 634:637 TMEM165-CDG patients exhibit cartilage and bone dysplasia and altered glycosylation of serum glycoproteins. 25609749 8 39 theme abnormal 1552:1559 arg1 development 1561:1571 abnormal development 1552:1571 abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts 1552:1603 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 0 40 theme altered 35:41 arg1 N-glycosylation 43:57 altered N-glycosylation 35:57 altered N-glycosylation 35:57 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 5 41 theme tmem165 838:844 arg1 expression 846:855 tmem165 expression 838:855 tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos 838:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 8 42 dep cartilage 1474:1482 arg1 the 1470:1472 the 1470:1472 the 1470:1472 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 8 42 dep cartilage 1474:1482 arg1 dysplasia 1493:1501 dysplasia 1493:1501 dysplasia 1493:1501 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 4 43 used utilized 702:709 arg2 We 699:700 We 699:700 We 699:700 We utilized a morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish to investigate the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165. 25609749 0 44 theme Tmem165-deficient 62:78 arg1 zebrafish 80:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 7 45 theme morphants 1160:1168 arg1 analysis 1140:1147 Glycomic analysis 1131:1147 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants 1131:1168 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 6 46 theme Decreased 968:976 arg1 expression 978:987 Decreased expression 968:987 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development 968:1040 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 7 47 theme altered 1184:1190 arg1 initiation 1192:1201 altered initiation 1184:1201 altered initiation 1184:1201 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 2 48 theme undescribed 493:503 arg1 protein 505:511 a previously undescribed protein 480:511 a previously undescribed protein 480:511 Mutations in a previously undescribed protein, TMEM165, were recently shown to cause a new form of CDG, termed TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 2 48 theme undescribed 493:503 arg1 TMEM165 514:520 TMEM165 514:520 TMEM165 514:520 Mutations in a previously undescribed protein, TMEM165, were recently shown to cause a new form of CDG, termed TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 6 49 theme bone 1025:1028 arg1 markers 1000:1006 several markers 992:1006 several markers of cartilage and bone development 992:1040 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 6 50 theme cartilage 1011:1019 arg1 markers 1000:1006 several markers 992:1006 several markers of cartilage and bone development 992:1040 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 5 51 from Inhibition 824:833 arg1 embryos 881:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 1 52 theme congenital 146:155 arg1 disorders 157:165 The congenital disorders 142:165 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, 142:260 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 53 theme nucleotide-sugar 343:358 arg1 transporters 360:371 nucleotide-sugar transporters 343:371 nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking 343:464 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 53 theme nucleotide-sugar 343:358 arg1 glycosyltransferases 307:326 glycosyltransferases 307:326 glycosyltransferases 307:326 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 1 54 theme vesicular 444:452 arg1 trafficking 454:464 vesicular trafficking 444:464 vesicular trafficking 444:464 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 8 55 theme TMEM165-CDG 1517:1527 arg1 patients 1529:1536 TMEM165-CDG patients 1517:1536 TMEM165-CDG patients 1517:1536 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 1 56 theme aberrant 238:245 arg1 glycosylation 247:259 aberrant glycosylation 238:259 aberrant glycosylation 238:259 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 7 57 theme tmem165 1152:1158 arg1 morphants 1160:1168 tmem165 morphants 1152:1168 tmem165 morphants 1152:1168 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 0 58 gly N-glycosylation 43:57 arg1 zebrafish 80:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Tmem165-deficient zebrafish 62:88 Abnormal cartilage development and altered N-glycosylation in Tmem165-deficient zebrafish mirrors the phenotypes associated with TMEM165-CDG. 25609749 7 59 theme N-glycans 1232:1240 arg1 extension 1219:1227 extension 1219:1227 extension 1219:1227 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 7 59 theme N-glycans 1232:1240 arg1 processing 1204:1213 processing 1204:1213 processing 1204:1213 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 7 59 theme N-glycans 1232:1240 arg1 initiation 1192:1201 altered initiation 1184:1201 altered initiation 1184:1201 Glycomic analysis of tmem165 morphants also revealed altered initiation, processing and extension of N-glycans, paralleling some of the glycosylation changes noted in human patients. 25609749 5 60 theme craniofacial 896:907 arg1 abnormalities 909:921 craniofacial abnormalities 896:921 craniofacial abnormalities 896:921 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 1 61 theme glycosylation 170:182 arg1 disorders 157:165 The congenital disorders 142:165 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, 142:260 The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of inherited diseases characterized by aberrant glycosylation, encompass a wide range of defects, including glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, nucleotide-sugar transporters as well as proteins involved in maintaining Golgi architecture, pH and vesicular trafficking. 25609749 6 62 theme several 992:998 arg1 markers 1000:1006 several markers 992:1006 several markers of cartilage and bone development 992:1040 Decreased expression of several markers of cartilage and bone development suggests that Tmem165 deficiency alters both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. 25609749 5 63 theme expression 846:855 arg1 Inhibition 824:833 Inhibition 824:833 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos 824:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 5 64 from expression 846:855 arg1 embryos 881:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 developing zebrafish embryos 860:887 Inhibition of tmem165 expression in developing zebrafish embryos caused craniofacial abnormalities, largely attributable to fewer chondrocytes. 25609749 8 65 theme osteoblasts 1593:1603 arg1 development 1561:1571 abnormal development 1552:1571 abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts 1552:1603 Collectively, these findings highlight the utility of zebrafish to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms associated with glycosylation disorders and suggest that the cartilage and bone dysplasia manifested in TMEM165-CDG patients may stem from abnormal development of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. 25609749 4 66 theme morpholino 713:722 arg1 knockdown 724:732 morpholino knockdown 713:732 a morpholino knockdown strategy 711:741 We utilized a morpholino knockdown strategy in zebrafish to investigate the physiologic and pathogenic functions of TMEM165. 24416370 6 0 theme cells 1289:1293 arg1 number 1254:1259 the number 1250:1259 the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1250:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 1 theme C1galt 532:537 arg1 mice 545:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 3 2 theme gut 743:745 arg1 ecology 757:763 gut microbial ecology 743:763 gut microbial ecology 743:763 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 3 theme proliferative 1264:1276 arg1 cells 1289:1293 proliferative epithelial cells 1264:1293 proliferative epithelial cells 1264:1293 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 4 theme TM-IEC 525:530 arg1 mice 545:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 5 from number 1254:1259 arg1 colon 1352:1356 colon 1352:1356 colon 1352:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 5 from number 1254:1259 arg1 ileum 1342:1346 ileum 1342:1346 ileum 1342:1346 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 5 6 link 1-derived 963:971 arg1 O-glycans 973:981 core 1-derived O-glycans 958:981 core 1-derived O-glycans 958:981 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 4 7 theme spontaneous 841:851 arg1 colitis 853:859 spontaneous colitis 841:859 spontaneous colitis 841:859 We found that TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice did not develop spontaneous colitis, but they were more susceptible to dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. 24416370 6 8 theme elongated 1171:1179 arg1 tract 1198:1202 an elongated gastrointestinal tract 1168:1202 an elongated gastrointestinal tract 1168:1202 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 5 9 dep phyla 1030:1034 arg1 Bacteroidetes 1036:1048 Bacteroidetes 1036:1048 Bacteroidetes 1036:1048 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 5 10 from shifts 999:1004 arg1 abundance 1013:1021 the abundance 1009:1021 the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes 1009:1063 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 7 11 theme tract 1409:1413 arg1 length 1378:1383 the length 1374:1383 the length of the gastrointestinal tract 1374:1413 Alterations in the length of the gastrointestinal tract were partly dependent on the microbiota. 24416370 3 12 theme host 769:772 arg1 physiology 774:783 host physiology 769:783 host physiology 769:783 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 3 13 theme O-glycans 605:613 arg1 deficiency 576:585 an inducible deficiency 563:585 an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells 563:644 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 14 dep ileum 1342:1346 arg1 the 1338:1340 the 1338:1340 the 1338:1340 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 8 15 theme composition 1527:1537 arg1 regulation 1498:1507 the regulation 1494:1507 the regulation of gut microbiota composition 1494:1537 Thus, the mucus layer plays a role in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, balancing intestinal inflammation, and affects gut architecture. 24416370 6 16 theme muscle 1316:1321 arg1 layers 1323:1328 thicker circular muscle layers 1299:1328 thicker circular muscle layers 1299:1328 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 17 theme core 590:593 arg1 O-glycans 605:613 core 1-derived O-glycans 590:613 core 1-derived O-glycans 590:613 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 1 18 theme mucus 135:139 arg1 layer 141:145 A functional mucus layer 122:145 A functional mucus layer 122:145 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 1 18 theme mucus 135:139 arg1 requirement 156:166 a key requirement 150:166 a key requirement for gastrointestinal health 150:194 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 2 19 theme Recent 278:283 arg1 findings 285:292 Recent findings 278:292 Recent findings 278:292 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 6 20 theme thicker 1299:1305 arg1 layers 1323:1328 thicker circular muscle layers 1299:1328 thicker circular muscle layers 1299:1328 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 21 theme deeper 1209:1214 arg1 crypts 1222:1227 deeper ileal crypts 1209:1227 deeper ileal crypts 1209:1227 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 22 from deficiency 576:585 arg1 cells 640:644 intestinal epithelial cells 618:644 intestinal epithelial cells 618:644 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 3 23 theme intestinal 618:627 arg1 cells 640:644 intestinal epithelial cells 618:644 intestinal epithelial cells 618:644 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 1 24 theme key 152:154 arg1 layer 141:145 A functional mucus layer 122:145 A functional mucus layer 122:145 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 1 24 theme key 152:154 arg1 requirement 156:166 a key requirement 150:166 a key requirement for gastrointestinal health 150:194 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 0 25 from glycosylation 14:26 arg1 mice 57:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 0 26 theme intestinal 97:106 arg1 architecture 108:119 intestinal architecture 97:119 intestinal architecture 97:119 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 6 27 from colon 1352:1356 arg1 number 1254:1259 the number 1250:1259 the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1250:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 5 28 theme O-glycans 973:981 arg1 loss 950:953 loss 950:953 loss of core 1-derived O-glycans 950:981 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 5 29 theme inverse 991:997 arg1 shifts 999:1004 inverse shifts 991:1004 inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes 991:1063 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 2 30 theme intestinal 465:474 arg1 inflammation 476:487 intestinal inflammation 465:487 intestinal inflammation 465:487 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 8 31 theme gut 1512:1514 arg1 composition 1527:1537 gut microbiota composition 1512:1537 gut microbiota composition 1512:1537 Thus, the mucus layer plays a role in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, balancing intestinal inflammation, and affects gut architecture. 24416370 2 32 theme altered 397:403 arg1 glycosylation 443:455 glycosylation 443:455 glycosylation 443:455 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 2 32 theme altered 397:403 arg1 thickness 411:419 altered mucus thickness 397:419 altered mucus thickness 397:419 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 0 33 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 glycosylation 14:26 Altered mucus glycosylation 0:26 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 0:60 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 3 34 contain carry 557:561 arg2 deficiency 576:585 an inducible deficiency 563:585 an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells 563:644 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 3 34 contain carry 557:561 arg1 mice 545:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 35 from ileum 1342:1346 arg1 number 1254:1259 the number 1250:1259 the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1250:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 5 36 theme core 958:961 arg1 O-glycans 973:981 core 1-derived O-glycans 958:981 core 1-derived O-glycans 958:981 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 0 37 theme core 31:34 arg1 mice 57:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 3 38 link 1-derived 595:603 arg1 O-glycans 605:613 core 1-derived O-glycans 590:613 core 1-derived O-glycans 590:613 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 3 39 used used 520:523 arg2 we 517:518 we 517:518 we 517:518 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 0 40 theme O-glycan-deficient 38:55 arg1 mice 57:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 6 41 from layers 1323:1328 arg1 colon 1352:1356 colon 1352:1356 colon 1352:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 41 from layers 1323:1328 arg1 ileum 1342:1346 ileum 1342:1346 ileum 1342:1346 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 42 theme C1galt 1147:1152 arg1 mice 1159:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 43 theme glycosylation 683:695 arg1 effects 666:672 the effects 662:672 the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology 662:783 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 4 44 theme C1galt 807:812 arg1 mice 820:823 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 800:823 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 800:823 We found that TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice did not develop spontaneous colitis, but they were more susceptible to dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. 24416370 2 45 theme selection 347:355 arg1 pressure 357:364 an important selection pressure 334:364 an important selection pressure 334:364 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 8 46 theme gut 1587:1589 arg1 architecture 1591:1602 gut architecture 1587:1602 gut architecture 1587:1602 Thus, the mucus layer plays a role in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, balancing intestinal inflammation, and affects gut architecture. 24416370 3 47 from effects 666:672 arg1 susceptibility 700:713 susceptibility 700:713 susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology 700:783 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 4 48 theme -/- 815:817 arg1 mice 820:823 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 800:823 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 800:823 We found that TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice did not develop spontaneous colitis, but they were more susceptible to dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. 24416370 6 49 theme intestinal 1113:1122 arg1 architecture 1124:1135 intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1113:1356 intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1113:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 50 theme intestinal 718:727 arg1 inflammation 729:740 intestinal inflammation 718:740 intestinal inflammation 718:740 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 2 51 theme gut 373:375 arg1 microbiota 377:386 the gut microbiota 369:386 the gut microbiota 369:386 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 1 52 theme subsequent 253:262 arg1 inflammation 264:275 subsequent inflammation 253:275 subsequent inflammation 253:275 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 6 53 theme epithelial 1278:1287 arg1 cells 1289:1293 proliferative epithelial cells 1264:1293 proliferative epithelial cells 1264:1293 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 0 54 gly glycosylation 14:26 arg1 microbiota 70:79 microbiota composition 70:91 microbiota composition 70:91 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 0 54 gly glycosylation 14:26 arg1 mice 57:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 31:60 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 2 55 theme mucus 307:311 arg1 composition 313:323 mucus composition 307:323 mucus composition 307:323 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 6 56 theme gastrointestinal 1181:1196 arg1 tract 1198:1202 an elongated gastrointestinal tract 1168:1202 an elongated gastrointestinal tract 1168:1202 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 57 contain had 1164:1166 arg1 mice 1159:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 57 contain had 1164:1166 arg2 tract 1198:1202 an elongated gastrointestinal tract 1168:1202 an elongated gastrointestinal tract 1168:1202 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 57 contain had 1164:1166 arg2 increase 1238:1245 a small increase 1230:1245 a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1230:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 58 theme microbial 747:755 arg1 ecology 757:763 gut microbial ecology 743:763 gut microbial ecology 743:763 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 1 59 theme gastrointestinal 172:187 arg1 health 189:194 gastrointestinal health 172:194 gastrointestinal health 172:194 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 3 60 theme inducible 566:574 arg1 deficiency 576:585 an inducible deficiency 563:585 an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells 563:644 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 4 61 theme sulphate-induced 911:926 arg1 colitis 928:934 dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis 896:934 dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis 896:934 We found that TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice did not develop spontaneous colitis, but they were more susceptible to dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. 24416370 6 62 theme -/- 1154:1156 arg1 mice 1159:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 3 63 theme 1-derived 595:603 arg1 O-glycans 605:613 core 1-derived O-glycans 590:613 core 1-derived O-glycans 590:613 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 64 theme small 1232:1236 arg1 increase 1238:1245 a small increase 1230:1245 a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1230:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 65 theme layers 1323:1328 arg1 number 1254:1259 the number 1250:1259 the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1250:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 1 66 theme functional 124:133 arg1 layer 141:145 A functional mucus layer 122:145 A functional mucus layer 122:145 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 1 66 theme functional 124:133 arg1 requirement 156:166 a key requirement 150:166 a key requirement for gastrointestinal health 150:194 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 8 67 theme mucus 1466:1470 arg1 layer 1472:1476 the mucus layer 1462:1476 the mucus layer 1462:1476 Thus, the mucus layer plays a role in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, balancing intestinal inflammation, and affects gut architecture. 24416370 6 68 theme circular 1307:1314 arg1 layers 1323:1328 thicker circular muscle layers 1299:1328 thicker circular muscle layers 1299:1328 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 5 69 theme Firmicutes 1054:1063 arg1 abundance 1013:1021 the abundance 1009:1021 the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes 1009:1063 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 3 70 theme epithelial 629:638 arg1 cells 640:644 intestinal epithelial cells 618:644 intestinal epithelial cells 618:644 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 71 theme ileal 1216:1220 arg1 crypts 1222:1227 deeper ileal crypts 1209:1227 deeper ileal crypts 1209:1227 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 72 from increase 1238:1245 arg1 number 1254:1259 the number 1250:1259 the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon 1250:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 0 73 theme microbiota 70:79 arg1 composition 81:91 microbiota composition 70:91 microbiota composition 70:91 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 5 74 theme 1-derived 963:971 arg1 O-glycans 973:981 core 1-derived O-glycans 958:981 core 1-derived O-glycans 958:981 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 7 75 theme gastrointestinal 1392:1407 arg1 tract 1409:1413 the gastrointestinal tract 1388:1413 the gastrointestinal tract 1388:1413 Alterations in the length of the gastrointestinal tract were partly dependent on the microbiota. 24416370 6 76 theme mucus 1085:1089 arg1 glycosylation 1091:1103 mucus glycosylation 1085:1103 mucus glycosylation 1085:1103 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 8 77 theme microbiota 1516:1525 arg1 composition 1527:1537 gut microbiota composition 1512:1537 gut microbiota composition 1512:1537 Thus, the mucus layer plays a role in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, balancing intestinal inflammation, and affects gut architecture. 24416370 2 78 theme mucus 405:409 arg1 glycosylation 443:455 glycosylation 443:455 glycosylation 443:455 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 2 78 theme mucus 405:409 arg1 thickness 411:419 altered mucus thickness 397:419 altered mucus thickness 397:419 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 0 79 theme mucus 8:12 arg1 glycosylation 14:26 Altered mucus glycosylation 0:26 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice 0:60 Altered mucus glycosylation in core 1 O-glycan-deficient mice affects microbiota composition and intestinal architecture. 24416370 7 80 from Alterations 1359:1369 arg1 length 1378:1383 the length 1374:1383 the length of the gastrointestinal tract 1374:1413 Alterations in the length of the gastrointestinal tract were partly dependent on the microbiota. 24416370 8 81 theme intestinal 1550:1559 arg1 inflammation 1561:1572 intestinal inflammation 1550:1572 intestinal inflammation 1550:1572 Thus, the mucus layer plays a role in the regulation of gut microbiota composition, balancing intestinal inflammation, and affects gut architecture. 24416370 5 82 theme phyla 1030:1034 arg1 abundance 1013:1021 the abundance 1009:1021 the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes 1009:1063 Furthermore, loss of core 1-derived O-glycans induced inverse shifts in the abundance of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. 24416370 3 83 theme mucus 677:681 arg1 glycosylation 683:695 mucus glycosylation 677:695 mucus glycosylation 677:695 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 84 theme TM-IEC 1140:1145 arg1 mice 1159:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice 1140:1162 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 4 85 theme TM-IEC 800:805 arg1 mice 820:823 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 800:823 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 800:823 We found that TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice did not develop spontaneous colitis, but they were more susceptible to dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis. 24416370 2 86 theme important 337:345 arg1 pressure 357:364 an important selection pressure 334:364 an important selection pressure 334:364 Recent findings suggest that mucus composition may pose an important selection pressure on the gut microbiota and that altered mucus thickness or properties such as glycosylation lead to intestinal inflammation dependent on bacteria. 24416370 1 87 theme bacterial 230:238 arg1 invasion 240:247 bacterial invasion 230:247 bacterial invasion 230:247 A functional mucus layer is a key requirement for gastrointestinal health as it serves as a barrier against bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. 24416370 3 88 theme -/- 540:542 arg1 mice 545:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice 525:548 Here we used TM-IEC C1galt (-/-) mice, which carry an inducible deficiency of core 1-derived O-glycans in intestinal epithelial cells, to investigate the effects of mucus glycosylation on susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, gut microbial ecology and host physiology. 24416370 6 89 from cells 1289:1293 arg1 colon 1352:1356 colon 1352:1356 colon 1352:1356 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 24416370 6 89 from cells 1289:1293 arg1 ileum 1342:1346 ileum 1342:1346 ileum 1342:1346 We also found that mucus glycosylation impacts intestinal architecture as TM-IEC C1galt(-/-) mice had an elongated gastrointestinal tract with deeper ileal crypts, a small increase in the number of proliferative epithelial cells and thicker circular muscle layers in both the ileum and colon. 26794751 2 0 theme polymers 453:460 arg1 obtention 431:439 the obtention 427:439 the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 427:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 3 1 theme KOH 585:587 arg1 variables 617:625 the variables 613:625 the variables used to optimize the process 613:654 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 1 theme KOH 585:587 arg1 time 546:549 Extraction time 535:549 Extraction time (X1) 535:554 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 1 theme KOH 585:587 arg1 ratio 570:574 solid:liquid ratio 557:574 solid:liquid ratio (X2) 557:579 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 1 theme KOH 585:587 arg1 X3 604:605 X3 604:605 X3 604:605 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 1 theme KOH 585:587 arg1 concentration 589:601 KOH concentration 585:601 KOH concentration (X3) 585:606 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 5 2 theme extraction 983:992 arg1 % 1058:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 5 2 theme extraction 983:992 arg1 yield 994:998 the maximum extraction yield 971:998 the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents 971:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 2 3 theme grape 354:358 arg1 pomace 360:365 grape pomace 354:365 grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 354:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 7 4 theme grape 1324:1328 arg1 pomace 1330:1335 grape pomace 1324:1335 grape pomace at industrial level 1324:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 2 5 theme main 448:451 arg1 polymers 453:460 the main polymers 444:460 the main polymers forming this fraction 444:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 4 6 theme hemicelluloses 714:727 arg1 yield 705:709 the extraction yield 690:709 (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses 686:727 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 6 theme hemicelluloses 714:727 arg1 contents 737:744 the contents 733:744 the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN 733:775 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 5 7 theme XN 1032:1033 arg1 contents 1035:1042 XN contents 1032:1042 XN contents 1032:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 1 8 theme grape 189:193 arg1 pomace 195:200 grape pomace 189:200 grape pomace 189:200 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 7 9 theme hemicellulosic 1288:1301 arg1 polysaccharides 1303:1317 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1288:1317 hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level 1288:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 4 10 theme MAN 762:764 arg1 yield 705:709 the extraction yield 690:709 (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses 686:727 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 10 theme MAN 762:764 arg1 contents 737:744 the contents 733:744 the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN 733:775 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 5 11 theme contents 1035:1042 arg1 % 1058:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 5 11 theme contents 1035:1042 arg1 yield 994:998 the maximum extraction yield 971:998 the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents 971:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 2 12 from extraction 314:323 arg1 pomace 360:365 grape pomace 354:365 grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 354:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 13 theme Xyloglucans 485:495 arg1 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 13 theme Xyloglucans 485:495 arg1 extraction 314:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 290:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN) 290:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 14 theme Xylans 522:527 arg1 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 14 theme Xylans 522:527 arg1 extraction 314:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 290:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN) 290:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 7 15 theme polysaccharides 1303:1317 arg1 extraction 1274:1283 the extraction 1270:1283 the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level 1270:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 0 16 from pomace 60:65 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace 0:65 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology. 26794751 4 17 theme extraction 694:703 arg1 yield 705:709 the extraction yield 690:709 (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses 686:727 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 6 18 theme Close 1114:1118 arg1 agreement 1120:1128 Close agreement 1114:1128 Close agreement between experimental and predicted values 1114:1170 Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was found. 26794751 4 19 dep XLG 753:755 arg1 2 750:750 2 750:750 2 750:750 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 5 20 theme XLG 1019:1021 arg1 % 1058:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 5 20 theme XLG 1019:1021 arg1 yield 994:998 the maximum extraction yield 971:998 the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents 971:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 4 21 dep yield 705:709 arg1 1 687:687 1 687:687 1 687:687 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 4 899:899 4 899:899 4 899:899 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 1 785:785 1 785:785 1 785:785 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 w/v 806:808 w/v 806:808 w/v 806:808 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 X1=2.9h 825:831 (2) X1=2.9h 821:831 (2) X1=2.9h 821:831 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 X3=2.3M 924:930 X3=2.3M 924:930 X3=2.3M 924:930 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 X2=1:60 909:915 X2=1:60 909:915 X2=1:60 909:915 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 X2=1:48 797:803 X2=1:48 797:803 X2=1:48 797:803 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 22 dep X1=2.6h 788:794 arg1 w/v 918:920 w/v 918:920 w/v 918:920 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 1 23 from extraction 155:164 arg1 pomace 195:200 grape pomace 189:200 grape pomace 189:200 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 7 24 from pomace 1330:1335 arg1 extraction 1274:1283 the extraction 1270:1283 the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level 1270:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 7 24 from pomace 1330:1335 arg1 polysaccharides 1303:1317 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1288:1317 hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level 1288:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 0 25 theme Ultrasound-assisted 0:18 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace 0:65 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology. 26794751 5 26 theme MAN 1024:1026 arg1 % 1058:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 5 26 theme MAN 1024:1026 arg1 yield 994:998 the maximum extraction yield 971:998 the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents 971:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 1 27 theme ultrasound-assisted 106:124 arg1 procedure 126:134 An ultrasound-assisted procedure 103:134 An ultrasound-assisted procedure 103:134 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 7 28 theme good 1254:1257 arg1 option 1259:1264 a good option 1252:1264 a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level 1252:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 7 28 theme good 1254:1257 arg1 extraction 1232:1241 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 1208:1241 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 1208:1241 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 1 29 theme mild 207:210 arg1 20°C 225:228 20°C 225:228 20°C 225:228 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 1 29 theme mild 207:210 arg1 temperature 212:222 a mild temperature 205:222 a mild temperature (20°C) 205:229 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 0 30 theme hemicelluloses 34:47 arg1 extraction 20:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction 0:29 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace 0:65 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology. 26794751 2 31 theme Mannans 504:510 arg1 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 31 theme Mannans 504:510 arg1 extraction 314:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 290:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN) 290:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 XN 530:531 XN 530:531 XN 530:531 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 Mannans 504:510 Mannans 504:510 Mannans (MAN) 504:516 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 Xyloglucans 485:495 Xyloglucans 485:495 Xyloglucans (XLG) 485:501 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 MAN 513:515 MAN 513:515 MAN 513:515 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 XLG 498:500 XLG 498:500 XLG 498:500 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 extraction 314:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 290:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN) 290:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 Xylans 522:527 Xylans 522:527 Xylans (XN) 522:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 32 from pomace 360:365 arg1 hemicelluloses 334:347 hemicelluloses 334:347 hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 334:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 33 theme ultrasound-assisted 294:312 arg1 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 33 theme ultrasound-assisted 294:312 arg1 extraction 314:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 290:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN) 290:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 4 34 theme XLG 753:755 arg1 yield 705:709 the extraction yield 690:709 (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses 686:727 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 34 theme XLG 753:755 arg1 contents 737:744 the contents 733:744 the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN 733:775 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 7 35 from level 1351:1355 arg1 pomace 1330:1335 grape pomace 1324:1335 grape pomace at industrial level 1324:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 4 36 dep X1=2.7h 863:869 arg1 3 860:860 3 860:860 3 860:860 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 0 37 theme grape 54:58 arg1 pomace 60:65 grape pomace 54:65 grape pomace 54:65 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology. 26794751 7 38 theme ultrasound-assisted 1212:1230 arg1 option 1259:1264 a good option 1252:1264 a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level 1252:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 7 38 theme ultrasound-assisted 1212:1230 arg1 extraction 1232:1241 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 1208:1241 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 1208:1241 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 4 39 dep MAN 762:764 arg1 3 759:759 3 759:759 3 759:759 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 3 40 theme solid 557:561 arg1 variables 617:625 the variables 613:625 the variables used to optimize the process 613:654 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 40 theme solid 557:561 arg1 time 546:549 Extraction time 535:549 Extraction time (X1) 535:554 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 40 theme solid 557:561 arg1 X2 577:578 X2 577:578 X2 577:578 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 40 theme solid 557:561 arg1 ratio 570:574 solid:liquid ratio 557:574 solid:liquid ratio (X2) 557:579 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 40 theme solid 557:561 arg1 concentration 589:601 KOH concentration 585:601 KOH concentration (X3) 585:606 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 2 41 theme composite 242:250 arg1 CCD 260:262 CCD 260:262 CCD 260:262 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 41 theme composite 242:250 arg1 design 252:257 A Central composite design 232:257 A Central composite design (CCD) 232:263 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 42 theme extraction 398:407 arg1 yield 409:413 their extraction yield 392:413 their extraction yield 392:413 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 43 theme Central 234:240 arg1 CCD 260:262 CCD 260:262 CCD 260:262 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 43 theme Central 234:240 arg1 design 252:257 A Central composite design 232:257 A Central composite design (CCD) 232:263 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 4 44 dep X2=1:48 797:803 arg1 X3=0.4M 812:818 X3=0.4M 812:818 X3=0.4M 812:818 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 2 45 theme hemicelluloses 334:347 arg1 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 UAE 326:328 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 45 theme hemicelluloses 334:347 arg1 extraction 314:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 290:323 the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN) 290:532 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 w/v 843:845 w/v 843:845 w/v 843:845 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 X3=2.2M 885:891 X3=2.2M 885:891 X3=2.2M 885:891 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 X2=1:58 872:878 X2=1:58 872:878 X2=1:58(w/v) 872:883 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 X3=2.25M 849:856 X3=2.25M 849:856 X3=2.25M 849:856 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 X2=1:57 834:840 X2=1:57 834:840 X2=1:57 (w/v) 834:846 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 w/v 880:882 w/v 880:882 w/v 880:882 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 4 46 dep X1=2.9h 825:831 arg1 2 822:822 2 822:822 2 822:822 The conditions that maximize (1) the extraction yield of hemicelluloses and the contents of (2) XLG, (3) MAN and (4) XN, were: (1) X1=2.6h; X2=1:48 (w/v); X3=0.4M, (2) X1=2.9h; X2=1:57 (w/v); X3=2.25M, (3) X1=2.7h; X2=1:58(w/v);X3=2.2M, and (4) X1=3h; X2=1:60 (w/v); X3=2.3M, respectively. 26794751 7 47 theme industrial 1340:1349 arg1 level 1351:1355 industrial level 1340:1355 industrial level 1340:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 5 48 theme hemicelluloses 1003:1016 arg1 % 1058:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 5 48 theme hemicelluloses 1003:1016 arg1 yield 994:998 the maximum extraction yield 971:998 the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents 971:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 2 49 dep aim 376:378 arg1 obtention 431:439 the obtention 427:439 the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 427:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 2 49 dep aim 376:378 arg1 maximize 383:390 maximize 383:390 to maximize their extraction yield 380:413 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 5 50 theme maximum 975:981 arg1 % 1058:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 ∼7.9±0.2% 1050:1058 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 5 50 theme maximum 975:981 arg1 yield 994:998 the maximum extraction yield 971:998 the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents 971:1042 Under these conditions, the maximum extraction yield of hemicelluloses, XLG, MAN and XN contents were: ∼7.9±0.2%, ∼3.6±0.02%, ∼1.1±0.04% and ∼1.2±0.02%, respectively. 26794751 6 51 theme predicted 1155:1163 arg1 values 1165:1170 predicted values 1155:1170 predicted values 1155:1170 Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was found. 26794751 0 52 theme surface 82:88 arg1 methodology 90:100 response surface methodology 73:100 response surface methodology 73:100 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology. 26794751 2 53 with pomace 360:365 arg1 aim 376:378 the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 372:482 the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction 372:482 A Central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of hemicelluloses from grape pomace with the aim to maximize their extraction yield, and, also, the obtention of the main polymers forming this fraction: Xyloglucans (XLG), Mannans (MAN) and Xylans (XN). 26794751 7 54 from extraction 1274:1283 arg1 pomace 1330:1335 grape pomace 1324:1335 grape pomace at industrial level 1324:1355 The results suggest that the ultrasound-assisted extraction could be a good option for the extraction of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from grape pomace at industrial level. 26794751 0 55 theme response 73:80 arg1 methodology 90:100 response surface methodology 73:100 response surface methodology 73:100 Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace using response surface methodology. 26794751 3 56 theme Extraction 535:544 arg1 variables 617:625 the variables 613:625 the variables used to optimize the process 613:654 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 56 theme Extraction 535:544 arg1 ratio 570:574 solid:liquid ratio 557:574 solid:liquid ratio (X2) 557:579 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 56 theme Extraction 535:544 arg1 X1 552:553 X1 552:553 X1 552:553 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 56 theme Extraction 535:544 arg1 time 546:549 Extraction time 535:549 Extraction time (X1) 535:554 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 3 56 theme Extraction 535:544 arg1 concentration 589:601 KOH concentration 585:601 KOH concentration (X3) 585:606 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 26794751 1 57 from pomace 195:200 arg1 hemicelluloses 169:182 hemicelluloses 169:182 hemicelluloses from grape pomace 169:200 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 1 57 from pomace 195:200 arg1 extraction 155:164 the extraction 151:164 the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace 151:200 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 1 58 theme hemicelluloses 169:182 arg1 extraction 155:164 the extraction 151:164 the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace 151:200 An ultrasound-assisted procedure was applied to the extraction of hemicelluloses from grape pomace at a mild temperature (20°C). 26794751 3 59 dep solid 557:561 arg1 liquid 563:568 liquid 563:568 liquid 563:568 Extraction time (X1), solid:liquid ratio (X2) and KOH concentration (X3) were the variables used to optimize the process. 28938427 10 0 theme β1 1462:1463 arg1 function 1441:1448 the function 1437:1448 the function of integrin β1 1437:1463 These results showed that CRT regulates the function of integrin β1 by affecting the synthesis of N-glycans in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 11 1 theme CRT 1689:1691 arg1 expression 1693:1702 CRT expression 1689:1702 CRT expression 1689:1702 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 1 2 theme molecular 140:148 arg1 Calreticulin 118:129 Calreticulin 118:129 Calreticulin (CRT) 118:135 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 1 2 theme molecular 140:148 arg1 chaperone 150:158 a molecular chaperone 138:158 a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 138:192 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 1 3 theme roles 214:218 arg1 variety 203:209 a variety 201:209 a variety of roles 201:218 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 1 3 theme roles 214:218 arg1 roles 214:218 roles 214:218 roles 214:218 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 0 4 theme Functional 80:89 arg1 Regulation 91:100 Functional Regulation 80:100 Functional Regulation of Integrin β1 80:115 Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1. 28938427 11 5 theme regulatory 1619:1628 arg1 role 1630:1633 a regulatory role 1617:1633 a regulatory role 1617:1633 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 8 6 theme CRT-knockdown 1068:1080 arg1 cells 1082:1086 the CRT-knockdown cells 1064:1086 the CRT-knockdown cells 1064:1086 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 3 7 theme extravillous 453:464 arg1 EVTs 480:483 EVTs 480:483 EVTs 480:483 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy. 28938427 3 7 theme extravillous 453:464 arg1 trophoblasts 466:477 extravillous trophoblasts 453:477 extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) 453:484 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy. 28938427 4 8 from role 635:638 arg1 EVTs 650:653 EVTs 650:653 EVTs 650:653 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 0 9 theme Integrin 105:112 arg1 β1 114:115 Integrin β1 105:115 Integrin β1 105:115 Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1. 28938427 2 10 from function 373:380 arg1 development 395:405 placental development 385:405 placental development 385:405 It has been reported that CRT is expressed in the human placenta, although its function in placental development is poorly understood. 28938427 1 11 from chaperone 150:158 arg1 ER 190:191 ER 190:191 ER 190:191 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 1 11 from chaperone 150:158 arg1 reticulum 179:187 the endoplasmic reticulum 163:187 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 163:192 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 10 12 theme N-glycans 1495:1503 arg1 synthesis 1482:1490 the synthesis 1478:1490 the synthesis of N-glycans in HTR8/SVneo cells 1478:1523 These results showed that CRT regulates the function of integrin β1 by affecting the synthesis of N-glycans in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 1 13 theme cell 223:226 arg1 growth 228:233 cell growth 223:233 cell growth 223:233 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 8 14 gly sialylation 1098:1108 arg1 cells 1082:1086 the CRT-knockdown cells 1064:1086 the CRT-knockdown cells 1064:1086 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 4 15 theme CRT 643:645 arg1 expression 609:618 expression 609:618 expression 609:618 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 4 15 theme CRT 643:645 arg1 role 635:638 functional role 624:638 functional role 624:638 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 11 16 theme study 1567:1571 arg1 results 1544:1550 the results 1540:1550 the results of the present study 1540:1571 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 4 17 dep line 680:683 arg1 HTR8/SVneo 685:694 HTR8/SVneo 685:694 the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo 661:694 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 4 18 from expression 609:618 arg1 EVTs 650:653 EVTs 650:653 EVTs 650:653 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 11 19 theme present 1559:1565 arg1 study 1567:1571 the present study 1555:1571 the present study 1555:1571 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 0 20 theme β1 114:115 arg1 Regulation 91:100 Functional Regulation 80:100 Functional Regulation of Integrin β1 80:115 Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1. 28938427 6 21 theme invasion 902:909 arg1 ability 911:917 the invasion ability 898:917 the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells 898:937 CRT knockdown markedly suppressed the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 8 22 gly fucosylation 1114:1125 arg1 cells 1082:1086 the CRT-knockdown cells 1064:1086 the CRT-knockdown cells 1064:1086 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 8 23 theme terminal 1089:1096 arg1 sialylation 1098:1108 terminal sialylation 1089:1108 terminal sialylation 1089:1108 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 10 24 theme integrin 1453:1460 arg1 β1 1462:1463 integrin β1 1453:1463 integrin β1 1453:1463 These results showed that CRT regulates the function of integrin β1 by affecting the synthesis of N-glycans in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 4 25 theme EVT 671:673 arg1 line 680:683 the human EVT cell line 661:683 the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo 661:694 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 11 26 theme ER 1594:1595 arg1 CRT 1607:1609 the ER chaperone CRT 1590:1609 the ER chaperone CRT 1590:1609 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 1 27 theme endoplasmic 167:177 arg1 ER 190:191 ER 190:191 ER 190:191 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 1 27 theme endoplasmic 167:177 arg1 reticulum 179:187 the endoplasmic reticulum 163:187 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 163:192 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 4 28 theme human 665:669 arg1 line 680:683 the human EVT cell line 661:683 the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo 661:694 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 8 29 theme core 1151:1154 arg1 structure 1177:1185 the core galactose-containing structure 1147:1185 the core galactose-containing structure 1147:1185 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 10 30 theme HTR8/SVneo 1508:1517 arg1 cells 1519:1523 HTR8/SVneo cells 1508:1523 HTR8/SVneo cells 1508:1523 These results showed that CRT regulates the function of integrin β1 by affecting the synthesis of N-glycans in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 6 31 theme CRT 864:866 arg1 knockdown 868:876 CRT knockdown 864:876 CRT knockdown 864:876 CRT knockdown markedly suppressed the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 3 32 theme maternal 495:502 arg1 decidua 504:510 the maternal decidua 491:510 the maternal decidua 491:510 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy. 28938427 7 33 theme CRT-knockdown 1003:1015 arg1 cells 1017:1021 the CRT-knockdown cells 999:1021 the CRT-knockdown cells 999:1021 Furthermore, the adhesion to fibronectin was suppressed in the CRT-knockdown cells via the dysfunction of integrin α5β1. 28938427 4 34 theme study 580:584 arg1 objective 555:563 The objective 551:563 The objective of the present study 551:584 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 9 35 theme expression 1251:1260 arg1 levels 1262:1267 the expression levels 1247:1267 the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases 1247:1308 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28938427 4 36 theme cell 675:678 arg1 line 680:683 the human EVT cell line 661:683 the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo 661:694 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 4 37 theme present 572:578 arg1 study 580:584 the present study 568:584 the present study 568:584 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 7 38 theme α5β1 1055:1058 arg1 dysfunction 1031:1041 the dysfunction 1027:1041 the dysfunction of integrin α5β1 1027:1058 Furthermore, the adhesion to fibronectin was suppressed in the CRT-knockdown cells via the dysfunction of integrin α5β1. 28938427 11 39 theme expression 1693:1702 arg1 importance 1675:1684 the importance 1671:1684 the importance of CRT expression in placental development 1671:1727 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 11 40 from importance 1675:1684 arg1 development 1717:1727 placental development 1707:1727 placental development 1707:1727 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 2 41 theme human 344:348 arg1 placenta 350:357 the human placenta 340:357 the human placenta 340:357 It has been reported that CRT is expressed in the human placenta, although its function in placental development is poorly understood. 28938427 11 42 theme early 1736:1740 arg1 pregnancy 1742:1750 early pregnancy 1736:1750 early pregnancy 1736:1750 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 8 43 theme β1 1230:1231 arg1 N-glycans 1208:1216 the N-glycans 1204:1216 the N-glycans of integrin β1 1204:1231 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 9 44 theme CRT-knockdown 1330:1342 arg1 cells 1344:1348 the CRT-knockdown cells 1326:1348 the CRT-knockdown cells 1326:1348 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28938427 4 45 dep expression 609:618 arg1 the 605:607 the 605:607 the 605:607 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 0 46 theme Extravillous 46:57 arg1 Trophoblasts 59:70 Human Extravillous Trophoblasts 40:70 Human Extravillous Trophoblasts 40:70 Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1. 28938427 5 47 theme human 790:794 arg1 placenta 796:803 the human placenta 786:803 the human placenta 786:803 We found that CRT was highly expressed in the human placenta in the early stage of pregnancy and localized to the EVTs. 28938427 11 48 theme placental 1707:1715 arg1 development 1717:1727 placental development 1707:1727 placental development 1707:1727 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 9 49 with consistent 1351:1360 arg1 changes 1371:1377 the changes 1367:1377 the changes in the N-glycans 1367:1394 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28938427 3 50 theme Appropriate 429:439 arg1 invasion 441:448 Appropriate invasion 429:448 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua 429:510 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy. 28938427 0 51 theme Human 40:44 arg1 Trophoblasts 59:70 Human Extravillous Trophoblasts 40:70 Human Extravillous Trophoblasts 40:70 Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1. 28938427 9 52 theme critical 1280:1287 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1289:1308 several critical glycosyltransferases 1272:1308 several critical glycosyltransferases 1272:1308 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28938427 10 53 from synthesis 1482:1490 arg1 cells 1519:1523 HTR8/SVneo cells 1508:1523 HTR8/SVneo cells 1508:1523 These results showed that CRT regulates the function of integrin β1 by affecting the synthesis of N-glycans in HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 2 54 theme placental 385:393 arg1 development 395:405 placental development 385:405 placental development 385:405 It has been reported that CRT is expressed in the human placenta, although its function in placental development is poorly understood. 28938427 3 55 theme successful 529:538 arg1 pregnancy 540:548 successful pregnancy 529:548 successful pregnancy 529:548 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy. 28938427 11 56 theme chaperone 1597:1605 arg1 CRT 1607:1609 the ER chaperone CRT 1590:1609 the ER chaperone CRT 1590:1609 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 9 57 theme glycosyltransferases 1289:1308 arg1 levels 1262:1267 the expression levels 1247:1267 the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases 1247:1308 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28938427 7 58 theme integrin 1046:1053 arg1 α5β1 1055:1058 integrin α5β1 1046:1058 integrin α5β1 1046:1058 Furthermore, the adhesion to fibronectin was suppressed in the CRT-knockdown cells via the dysfunction of integrin α5β1. 28938427 4 59 theme gene 710:713 arg1 expression 715:724 CRT gene expression 706:724 CRT gene expression 706:724 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 8 60 theme galactose-containing 1156:1175 arg1 structure 1177:1185 the core galactose-containing structure 1147:1185 the core galactose-containing structure 1147:1185 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 8 61 theme integrin 1221:1228 arg1 β1 1230:1231 integrin β1 1221:1231 integrin β1 1221:1231 In the CRT-knockdown cells, terminal sialylation and fucosylation were decreased, and the core galactose-containing structure was increased in the N-glycans of integrin β1. 28938427 6 62 theme cells 933:937 arg1 ability 911:917 the invasion ability 898:917 the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells 898:937 CRT knockdown markedly suppressed the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 5 63 theme early 812:816 arg1 stage 818:822 the early stage 808:822 the early stage of pregnancy 808:835 We found that CRT was highly expressed in the human placenta in the early stage of pregnancy and localized to the EVTs. 28938427 4 64 theme CRT 706:708 arg1 expression 715:724 CRT gene expression 706:724 CRT gene expression 706:724 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 9 65 from changes 1371:1377 arg1 N-glycans 1386:1394 the N-glycans 1382:1394 the N-glycans 1382:1394 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28938427 5 66 theme pregnancy 827:835 arg1 stage 818:822 the early stage 808:822 the early stage of pregnancy 808:835 We found that CRT was highly expressed in the human placenta in the early stage of pregnancy and localized to the EVTs. 28938427 6 67 theme HTR8/SVneo 922:931 arg1 cells 933:937 HTR8/SVneo cells 922:937 HTR8/SVneo cells 922:937 CRT knockdown markedly suppressed the invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells. 28938427 11 68 theme EVTs 1654:1657 arg1 invasion 1642:1649 the invasion 1638:1649 the invasion of EVTs 1638:1657 Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ER chaperone CRT plays a regulatory role in the invasion of EVTs, suggesting the importance of CRT expression in placental development during early pregnancy. 28938427 3 69 theme trophoblasts 466:477 arg1 invasion 441:448 Appropriate invasion 429:448 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua 429:510 Appropriate invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal decidua is necessary for successful pregnancy. 28938427 0 70 theme Trophoblasts 59:70 arg1 Invasion 28:35 Invasion 28:35 Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1 28:115 Calreticulin Is Involved in Invasion of Human Extravillous Trophoblasts Through Functional Regulation of Integrin β1. 28938427 1 71 theme cancer 278:283 arg1 biology 285:291 cancer biology 278:291 cancer biology 278:291 Calreticulin (CRT), a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), plays a variety of roles in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, immunity, and cancer biology. 28938427 4 72 theme functional 624:633 arg1 role 635:638 functional role 624:638 functional role 624:638 The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression and functional role of CRT in EVTs using the human EVT cell line HTR8/SVneo, in which CRT gene expression was knocked down. 28938427 9 73 theme several 1272:1278 arg1 glycosyltransferases 1289:1308 several critical glycosyltransferases 1272:1308 several critical glycosyltransferases 1272:1308 In addition, the expression levels of several critical glycosyltransferases were changed in the CRT-knockdown cells, consistent with the changes in the N-glycans. 28392383 5 0 theme microfibrils 873:884 arg1 dimensions 845:854 the cross-sectional dimensions 825:854 the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils 825:884 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 3 1 theme multiple 511:518 arg1 levels 520:525 multiple levels 511:525 multiple levels of the hierarchical structure 511:555 The SAXS intensities were fitted with a model covering multiple levels of the hierarchical structure. 28392383 4 2 theme dried 601:605 arg1 samples 607:613 dried samples 601:613 dried samples 601:613 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 0 3 theme hemicelluloses 72:85 arg1 presence 49:56 the presence 45:56 the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses 45:85 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses. 28392383 0 4 from assembly 10:17 arg1 presence 49:56 the presence 45:56 the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses 45:85 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses. 28392383 5 5 theme crystal 774:780 arg1 structure 782:790 the cellulose crystal structure 760:790 the cellulose crystal structure from Iα 760:798 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 2 6 theme xylan 312:316 arg1 effects 259:265 The effects 255:265 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose 255:367 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 5 7 from conversion 746:755 arg1 Iα 797:798 Iα 797:798 Iα 797:798 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 5 8 theme structure 782:790 arg1 reduction 812:820 a reduction 810:820 a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils 810:884 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 5 8 theme structure 782:790 arg1 conversion 746:755 a partial conversion 736:755 a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ 736:804 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 2 9 theme beech 306:310 arg1 xylan 312:316 beech xylan 306:316 beech xylan 306:316 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 4 10 theme samples 607:613 arg1 structure 588:596 the structure 584:596 the structure of dried samples 584:613 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 2 11 dep original 389:396 arg1 hydrated 399:406 hydrated 399:406 hydrated 399:406 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 1 12 theme cellulose-producing 171:189 arg1 bacteria 191:198 cellulose-producing bacteria 171:198 cellulose-producing bacteria 171:198 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 6 13 with samples 978:984 arg1 xylan 991:995 xylan 991:995 xylan instead of GGM 991:1010 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 6 13 with samples 978:984 arg1 GGM 1008:1010 GGM 1008:1010 xylan instead of GGM 991:1010 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 3 14 theme structure 547:555 arg1 levels 520:525 multiple levels 511:525 multiple levels of the hierarchical structure 511:555 The SAXS intensities were fitted with a model covering multiple levels of the hierarchical structure. 28392383 4 15 theme infra-red 684:692 arg1 spectroscopy 694:705 infra-red spectroscopy 684:705 infra-red spectroscopy 684:705 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 5 16 theme dimensions 845:854 arg1 reduction 812:820 a reduction 810:820 a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils 810:884 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 5 16 theme dimensions 845:854 arg1 conversion 746:755 a partial conversion 736:755 a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ 736:804 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 6 17 from pronounced 964:973 arg1 samples 978:984 samples 978:984 samples with xylan instead of GGM 978:1010 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 1 18 theme Composite 88:96 arg1 materials 98:106 Composite materials 88:106 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure 88:146 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 2 19 from effects 259:265 arg1 morphology 335:344 the nanoscale morphology 321:344 the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose 321:367 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 0 20 theme Fibrillar 0:8 arg1 assembly 10:17 Fibrillar assembly 0:17 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses 0:85 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses. 28392383 2 21 theme nanoscale 325:333 arg1 morphology 335:344 the nanoscale morphology 321:344 the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose 321:367 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 5 22 from Iα 797:798 arg1 reduction 812:820 a reduction 810:820 a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils 810:884 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 5 22 from Iα 797:798 arg1 structure 782:790 the cellulose crystal structure 760:790 the cellulose crystal structure from Iα 760:798 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 5 22 from Iα 797:798 arg1 conversion 746:755 a partial conversion 736:755 a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ 736:804 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 0 23 theme bacterial 22:30 arg1 cellulose 32:40 bacterial cellulose 22:40 bacterial cellulose 22:40 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses. 28392383 1 24 theme secondary-wall 214:227 arg1 hemicelluloses 229:242 secondary-wall hemicelluloses 214:242 secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood 214:252 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 4 25 from information 569:579 arg1 structure 588:596 the structure 584:596 the structure of dried samples 584:613 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 3 26 theme hierarchical 534:545 arg1 structure 547:555 the hierarchical structure 530:555 the hierarchical structure 530:555 The SAXS intensities were fitted with a model covering multiple levels of the hierarchical structure. 28392383 4 27 theme transmission 647:658 arg1 microscopy 669:678 scanning and transmission electron microscopy 634:678 microscopy 669:678 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 2 28 theme cellulose 359:367 arg1 morphology 335:344 the nanoscale morphology 321:344 the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose 321:367 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 3 29 theme SAXS 460:463 arg1 intensities 465:475 The SAXS intensities 456:475 The SAXS intensities 456:475 The SAXS intensities were fitted with a model covering multiple levels of the hierarchical structure. 28392383 2 30 theme X-ray 431:435 arg1 SAXS 449:452 SAXS 449:452 SAXS 449:452 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 2 30 theme X-ray 431:435 arg1 scattering 437:446 small-angle X-ray scattering 419:446 small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 419:453 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 0 31 theme cellulose 32:40 arg1 assembly 10:17 Fibrillar assembly 0:17 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses 0:85 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses. 28392383 5 32 theme cellulose 764:772 arg1 structure 782:790 the cellulose crystal structure 760:790 the cellulose crystal structure from Iα 760:798 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 2 33 theme small-angle 419:429 arg1 SAXS 449:452 SAXS 449:452 SAXS 449:452 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 2 33 theme small-angle 419:429 arg1 scattering 437:446 small-angle X-ray scattering 419:446 small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 419:453 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 1 34 from wood 249:252 arg1 hemicelluloses 229:242 secondary-wall hemicelluloses 214:242 secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood 214:252 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 1 35 theme plant 122:126 arg1 structure 138:146 the plant cell wall structure 118:146 the plant cell wall structure 118:146 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 5 36 theme cross-sectional 829:843 arg1 dimensions 845:854 the cross-sectional dimensions 825:854 the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils 825:884 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 4 37 theme Additional 558:567 arg1 information 569:579 Additional information 558:579 Additional information on the structure of dried samples 558:613 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 6 38 from samples 978:984 arg1 differences 942:952 The differences 938:952 The differences 938:952 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 6 38 from samples 978:984 arg1 pronounced 964:973 pronounced 964:973 pronounced 964:973 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 1 39 theme cell 128:131 arg1 structure 138:146 the plant cell wall structure 118:146 the plant cell wall structure 118:146 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 6 40 theme hemicellulose 1058:1070 arg1 concentrations 1072:1085 higher hemicellulose concentrations 1051:1085 higher hemicellulose concentrations 1051:1085 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 1 41 theme wall 133:136 arg1 structure 138:146 the plant cell wall structure 118:146 the plant cell wall structure 118:146 Composite materials mimicking the plant cell wall structure were made by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria together with secondary-wall hemicelluloses from wood. 28392383 5 42 theme partial 738:744 arg1 conversion 746:755 a partial conversion 736:755 a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ 736:804 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 5 43 theme cellulose 863:871 arg1 microfibrils 873:884 the cellulose microfibrils 859:884 the cellulose microfibrils 859:884 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 2 44 theme bacterial 349:357 arg1 cellulose 359:367 bacterial cellulose 349:367 bacterial cellulose 349:367 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 0 45 theme wood-based 61:70 arg1 hemicelluloses 72:85 wood-based hemicelluloses 61:85 wood-based hemicelluloses 61:85 Fibrillar assembly of bacterial cellulose in the presence of wood-based hemicelluloses. 28392383 2 46 theme galactoglucomannan 277:294 arg1 effects 259:265 The effects 255:265 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose 255:367 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 4 47 theme electron 660:667 arg1 microscopy 669:678 scanning and transmission electron microscopy 634:678 microscopy 669:678 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 28392383 2 48 theme original 389:396 arg1 state 408:412 the original, hydrated state 385:412 the original, hydrated state 385:412 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 6 49 theme higher 1051:1056 arg1 concentrations 1072:1085 higher hemicellulose concentrations 1051:1085 higher hemicellulose concentrations 1051:1085 The differences were more pronounced in samples with xylan instead of GGM, and they became more significant with higher hemicellulose concentrations. 28392383 5 50 from reduction 812:820 arg1 Iα 797:798 Iα 797:798 Iα 797:798 Both hemicelluloses induced a partial conversion of the cellulose crystal structure from Iα to Iβ and a reduction of the cross-sectional dimensions of the cellulose microfibrils, thereby affecting also their packing into bundles. 28392383 2 51 theme spruce 270:275 arg1 galactoglucomannan 277:294 spruce galactoglucomannan 270:294 spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) 270:300 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 2 51 theme spruce 270:275 arg1 GGM 297:299 GGM 297:299 GGM 297:299 The effects of spruce galactoglucomannan (GGM) and beech xylan on the nanoscale morphology of bacterial cellulose were studied in the original, hydrated state with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). 28392383 4 52 theme scanning 634:641 arg1 microscopy 669:678 scanning and transmission electron microscopy 634:678 microscopy 669:678 Additional information on the structure of dried samples was obtained using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and infra-red spectroscopy. 26827756 0 0 theme composite 84:92 arg1 design 104:109 central composite rotatable design 76:109 central composite rotatable design 76:109 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 1 1 theme polysaccharide 302:315 arg1 yield 293:297 the extraction yield 278:297 the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds 278:348 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 2 theme independent 157:167 arg1 ratio 251:255 solid-liquid ratio 238:255 solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) 238:271 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 2 theme independent 157:167 arg1 temperature 198:208 extraction temperature 187:208 extraction temperature (35-55 °C) 187:219 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 2 theme independent 157:167 arg1 time 222:225 time 222:225 time (1-5h) 222:232 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 2 theme independent 157:167 arg1 variables 169:177 independent variables 157:177 independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) 157:271 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 7 3 theme Infrared 1052:1059 arg1 FTIR 1075:1078 FTIR 1075:1078 FTIR 1075:1078 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 7 3 theme Infrared 1052:1059 arg1 Spectroscopy 1061:1072 Infrared Spectroscopy 1052:1072 Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 1052:1079 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 6 4 dep Gossypium 885:893 arg1 L. 904:905 Gossypium arboreum L. 885:905 Gossypium arboreum L. seed 885:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 0 5 theme central 76:82 arg1 design 104:109 central composite rotatable design 76:109 central composite rotatable design 76:109 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 6 6 theme solid-liquid 808:819 arg1 ratio 821:825 solid-liquid ratio 808:825 solid-liquid ratio 808:825 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 1 7 theme variables 169:177 arg1 effect 147:152 the effect 143:152 the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) 143:271 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 4 8 theme mathematical 577:588 arg1 model 590:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model was developed from the obtained results. 26827756 7 9 dep Fourier 1034:1040 arg1 Transform 1042:1050 Transform 1042:1050 Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) 1042:1079 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 1 10 theme Gossypium 322:330 arg1 seeds 344:348 Gossypium arboreum L. seeds 322:348 Gossypium arboreum L. seeds 322:348 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 7 11 theme extracted 949:957 arg1 polysaccharide 959:972 the extracted polysaccharide 945:972 the extracted polysaccharide 945:972 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 1 12 theme solid-liquid 238:249 arg1 g/ml 267:270 1:5-1:25 g/ml 258:270 1:5-1:25 g/ml 258:270 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 12 theme solid-liquid 238:249 arg1 ratio 251:255 solid-liquid ratio 238:255 solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) 238:271 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 0 13 theme rotatable 94:102 arg1 design 104:109 central composite rotatable design 76:109 central composite rotatable design 76:109 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 5 14 theme process 671:677 arg1 variables 679:687 process variables 671:687 process variables 671:687 From the results, Significance of process variables over the extraction process can be clearly depicted. 26827756 6 15 theme 3h 801:802 arg1 time 793:796 extraction time 782:796 extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 782:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 3 16 theme surface 483:489 arg1 design 491:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design was utilized for developing the experimental design. 26827756 6 17 from 3h 801:802 arg1 Gossypium 885:893 Gossypium 885:893 Gossypium 885:893 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 0 18 from Gossypium 43:51 arg1 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. 0:63 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 3 19 theme experimental 530:541 arg1 design 543:548 the experimental design 526:548 the experimental design 526:548 Central composite response surface design was utilized for developing the experimental design. 26827756 1 20 from seeds 344:348 arg1 yield 293:297 the extraction yield 278:297 the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds 278:348 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 6 21 theme extraction 782:791 arg1 time 793:796 extraction time 782:796 extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 782:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 1 22 theme extraction 187:196 arg1 temperature 198:208 extraction temperature 187:208 extraction temperature (35-55 °C) 187:219 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 22 theme extraction 187:196 arg1 °C 217:218 35-55 °C 211:218 35-55 °C 211:218 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 4 23 theme second 553:558 arg1 model 590:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model was developed from the obtained results. 26827756 0 24 theme extraction 27:36 arg1 Modeling 0:7 Modeling 0:7 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. 0:63 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 1 25 dep Gossypium 322:330 arg1 L. 341:342 Gossypium arboreum L. 322:342 Gossypium arboreum L. seeds 322:348 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 6 26 theme °C 778:779 arg1 temperature 760:770 the extraction temperature 745:770 the extraction temperature of 45 °C 745:779 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 0 27 theme polysaccharide 12:25 arg1 extraction 27:36 polysaccharide extraction 12:36 polysaccharide extraction 12:36 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 4 28 theme polynomial 566:575 arg1 model 590:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model was developed from the obtained results. 26827756 6 29 theme polysaccharide 857:870 arg1 yield 848:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield 830:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 830:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 3 30 theme Central 456:462 arg1 design 491:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design was utilized for developing the experimental design. 26827756 4 31 theme order 560:564 arg1 model 590:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model 551:594 A second order polynomial mathematical model was developed from the obtained results. 26827756 2 32 theme extraction 390:399 arg1 method 401:406 Aqueous extraction method 382:406 Aqueous extraction method 382:406 Aqueous extraction method was opted for the extraction of polysaccharide. 26827756 6 33 from ratio 821:825 arg1 Gossypium 885:893 Gossypium 885:893 Gossypium 885:893 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 6 34 theme yield 848:852 arg1 3h 801:802 3h 801:802 3h 801:802 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 6 34 theme yield 848:852 arg1 ratio 821:825 solid-liquid ratio 808:825 solid-liquid ratio 808:825 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 2 35 theme Aqueous 382:388 arg1 method 401:406 Aqueous extraction method 382:406 Aqueous extraction method 382:406 Aqueous extraction method was opted for the extraction of polysaccharide. 26827756 2 36 theme polysaccharide 440:453 arg1 extraction 426:435 the extraction 422:435 the extraction of polysaccharide 422:453 Aqueous extraction method was opted for the extraction of polysaccharide. 26827756 5 37 theme variables 679:687 arg1 Significance 655:666 Significance 655:666 Significance of process variables over the extraction process 655:715 From the results, Significance of process variables over the extraction process can be clearly depicted. 26827756 6 38 theme maximum 840:846 arg1 yield 848:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield 830:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 830:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 0 39 dep Gossypium 43:51 arg1 L. 62:63 Gossypium arboreum L. 43:63 Gossypium arboreum L. 43:63 Modeling of polysaccharide extraction from Gossypium arboreum L. seed using central composite rotatable design. 26827756 1 40 theme present 116:122 arg1 study 124:128 The present study 112:128 The present study 112:128 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 1 41 theme extraction 282:291 arg1 yield 293:297 the extraction yield 278:297 the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds 278:348 The present study investigates the effect of independent variables such as extraction temperature (35-55 °C), time (1-5h) and solid-liquid ratio (1:5-1:25 g/ml) over the extraction yield of polysaccharide from Gossypium arboreum L. seeds was investigated and optimized. 26827756 6 42 theme g/ml 835:838 arg1 yield 848:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield 830:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 830:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 7 43 theme property 1012:1019 arg1 analysis 1021:1028 physico-chemical property analysis 995:1028 physico-chemical property analysis 995:1028 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 7 44 theme physico-chemical 995:1010 arg1 analysis 1021:1028 physico-chemical property analysis 995:1028 physico-chemical property analysis 995:1028 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 6 45 theme 1:15 830:833 arg1 g/ml 835:838 g/ml 835:838 g/ml 835:838 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 3 46 used utilized 502:509 arg2 design 491:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design was utilized for developing the experimental design. 26827756 6 47 theme extraction 749:758 arg1 temperature 760:770 the extraction temperature 745:770 the extraction temperature of 45 °C 745:779 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 3 48 theme composite 464:472 arg1 design 491:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design was utilized for developing the experimental design. 26827756 5 49 theme extraction 698:707 arg1 process 709:715 the extraction process 694:715 the extraction process 694:715 From the results, Significance of process variables over the extraction process can be clearly depicted. 26827756 3 50 theme response 474:481 arg1 design 491:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design 456:496 Central composite response surface design was utilized for developing the experimental design. 26827756 6 51 from Gossypium 885:893 arg1 3h 801:802 3h 801:802 3h 801:802 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 6 51 from Gossypium 885:893 arg1 ratio 821:825 solid-liquid ratio 808:825 solid-liquid ratio 808:825 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 6 51 from Gossypium 885:893 arg1 yield 848:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield 830:852 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 830:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 6 52 theme ratio 821:825 arg1 time 793:796 extraction time 782:796 extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed 782:910 At the extraction temperature of 45 °C, extraction time of 3h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml maximum yield of polysaccharide (8.67%) from Gossypium arboreum L. seed was obtained. 26827756 7 53 theme polysaccharide 959:972 arg1 Characteristics 926:940 Characteristics 926:940 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide 926:972 Characteristics of the extracted polysaccharide are analyzed through physico-chemical property analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). 26827756 4 54 theme obtained 619:626 arg1 results 628:634 the obtained results 615:634 the obtained results 615:634 A second order polynomial mathematical model was developed from the obtained results. 25016255 8 0 theme bamboo 1509:1514 arg1 biomass 1516:1522 the bamboo biomass 1505:1522 the bamboo biomass 1505:1522 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 2 1 theme thermo 381:386 arg1 TG 410:411 TG 410:411 TG 410:411 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 2 1 theme thermo 381:386 arg1 analysis 400:407 thermo gravimetric analysis 381:407 thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) 381:412 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 6 2 theme cellulosic 988:997 arg1 biomass 999:1005 the lingo cellulosic biomass 978:1005 the lingo cellulosic biomass 978:1005 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 25016255 4 3 dep depended 546:553 arg1 1 455:455 1 455:455 1 455:455 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 4 theme hydrocarbons 710:721 arg1 hydrocarbons 710:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 4 theme hydrocarbons 710:721 arg1 esters 675:680 carboxylic acid esters 659:680 carboxylic acid esters 659:680 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 4 theme hydrocarbons 710:721 arg1 groups 690:695 C=O groups 686:695 C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose 686:826 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 5 theme acid 600:603 arg1 esters 605:610 carboxylic acid esters 589:610 carboxylic acid esters 589:610 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 1 6 theme Bamboo 73:78 arg1 fibers 88:93 Bamboo biomass fibers 73:93 Bamboo biomass fibers 73:93 Bamboo biomass fibers were gradually separated, prepared, and then self-plasticized for immune composites. 25016255 4 7 theme bamboo 486:491 arg1 biomass 493:499 bamboo biomass 486:499 bamboo biomass 486:499 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 7 8 theme loss 1176:1179 arg1 rate 1181:1184 the weight loss rate 1165:1184 the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples 1165:1231 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 1 9 theme biomass 80:86 arg1 fibers 88:93 Bamboo biomass fibers 73:93 Bamboo biomass fibers 73:93 Bamboo biomass fibers were gradually separated, prepared, and then self-plasticized for immune composites. 25016255 5 10 theme cellulose 886:894 arg1 effects 847:853 The cross-linking effects 829:853 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose 829:894 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose could be stacked and coupled. 25016255 5 11 theme cellulose 863:871 arg1 effects 847:853 The cross-linking effects 829:853 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose 829:894 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose could be stacked and coupled. 25016255 7 12 theme samples 1124:1130 arg1 curves 1110:1115 the TG curves 1103:1115 the TG curves of all samples 1103:1130 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 7 12 theme samples 1124:1130 arg1 similar 1147:1153 similar 1147:1153 similar 1147:1153 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 7 13 from shape 1158:1162 arg1 curves 1110:1115 the TG curves 1103:1115 the TG curves of all samples 1103:1130 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 7 13 from shape 1158:1162 arg1 similar 1147:1153 similar 1147:1153 similar 1147:1153 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 2 14 dep transform 289:297 arg1 infrared 299:306 infrared 299:306 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) 289:412 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 0 15 theme composites 61:70 arg1 characteristics 18:32 Molecular bonding characteristics 0:32 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites 0:70 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites. 25016255 8 16 dep hemi 1465:1468 arg1 cellulose 1492:1500 cellulose 1492:1500 cellulose 1492:1500 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 8 16 dep hemi 1465:1468 arg1 lignin 1481:1486 lignin 1481:1486 lignin 1481:1486 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 8 16 dep hemi 1465:1468 arg1 cellulose 1470:1478 cellulose 1470:1478 cellulose 1470:1478 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 4 17 theme ester 772:776 arg1 bond 778:781 ester bond 772:781 ester bond 772:781 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 2 18 dep Fourier 281:287 arg1 transform 289:297 transform 289:297 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) 289:412 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 0 19 theme bonding 10:16 arg1 characteristics 18:32 Molecular bonding characteristics 0:32 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites 0:70 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites. 25016255 4 20 theme biomass 493:499 arg1 self-plasticizing 465:481 self-plasticizing 465:481 self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass 465:499 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 7 21 theme samples 1225:1231 arg1 points 1194:1199 points 1194:1199 points of the self-plasticized samples 1194:1231 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 5 22 theme lignin 874:879 arg1 effects 847:853 The cross-linking effects 829:853 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose 829:894 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose could be stacked and coupled. 25016255 0 23 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 characteristics 18:32 Molecular bonding characteristics 0:32 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites 0:70 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites. 25016255 2 24 theme resonance 347:355 arg1 NMR 371:373 NMR 371:373 NMR 371:373 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 2 24 theme resonance 347:355 arg1 spectroscopy 357:368 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 330:368 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) 330:374 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 4 25 theme C=O 686:688 arg1 hydrocarbons 710:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 25 theme C=O 686:688 arg1 groups 690:695 C=O groups 686:695 C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose 686:826 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 7 26 theme TG 1107:1108 arg1 curves 1110:1115 the TG curves 1103:1115 the TG curves of all samples 1103:1130 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 7 26 theme TG 1107:1108 arg1 similar 1147:1153 similar 1147:1153 similar 1147:1153 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 4 27 theme acid 569:572 arg1 anhydrides 574:583 carboxylic acid anhydrides 558:583 carboxylic acid anhydrides 558:583 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 2 28 theme magnetic 338:345 arg1 resonance 347:355 nuclear magnetic resonance 330:355 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) 330:374 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 5 29 theme cross-linking 833:845 arg1 effects 847:853 The cross-linking effects 829:853 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose 829:894 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose could be stacked and coupled. 25016255 6 30 dep increased 1045:1053 arg1 2 927:927 2 927:927 2 927:927 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 25016255 4 31 theme carboxylic 589:598 arg1 esters 605:610 carboxylic acid esters 589:610 carboxylic acid esters 589:610 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 2 32 theme nuclear 330:336 arg1 resonance 347:355 nuclear magnetic resonance 330:355 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) 330:374 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 6 33 theme cellulose 1030:1038 arg1 crystallinity 961:973 the crystallinity 957:973 the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose 957:1038 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 25016255 0 34 theme bamboo 54:59 arg1 composites 61:70 Self-plasticized bamboo composites 37:70 Self-plasticized bamboo composites 37:70 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites. 25016255 4 35 contain had 751:753 arg1 hydrocarbons 710:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 35 contain had 751:753 arg2 bond 778:781 ester bond 772:781 ester bond 772:781 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 35 contain had 751:753 arg2 bond 763:766 ether bond 757:766 ether bond 757:766 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 2 36 theme bonding 194:200 arg1 characteristics 202:216 The molecular bonding characteristics 180:216 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites 180:258 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 8 37 theme molecular 1330:1338 arg1 integration 1340:1350 the molecular integration 1326:1350 the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass 1326:1372 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 4 38 theme acid 670:673 arg1 esters 675:680 carboxylic acid esters 659:680 carboxylic acid esters 659:680 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 0 39 theme Self-plasticized 37:52 arg1 composites 61:70 Self-plasticized bamboo composites 37:70 Self-plasticized bamboo composites 37:70 Molecular bonding characteristics of Self-plasticized bamboo composites. 25016255 6 40 theme lingo 982:986 arg1 biomass 999:1005 the lingo cellulosic biomass 978:1005 the lingo cellulosic biomass 978:1005 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 25016255 2 41 theme molecular 184:192 arg1 characteristics 202:216 The molecular bonding characteristics 180:216 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites 180:258 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 4 42 theme carboxylic 659:668 arg1 esters 675:680 carboxylic acid esters 659:680 carboxylic acid esters 659:680 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 8 43 theme biomass 1516:1522 arg1 cross-linking 1439:1451 bond cross-linking 1434:1451 bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass 1434:1522 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 7 44 from similar 1147:1153 arg1 shape 1158:1162 shape 1158:1162 shape 1158:1162 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 3 45 theme important 419:427 arg1 results 429:435 The important results 415:435 The important results 415:435 The important results were as follows. 25016255 4 46 theme carboxylic 558:567 arg1 anhydrides 574:583 carboxylic acid anhydrides 558:583 carboxylic acid anhydrides 558:583 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 2 47 theme bamboo 242:247 arg1 composites 249:258 the self-plasticized bamboo composites 221:258 the self-plasticized bamboo composites 221:258 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 2 48 theme composites 249:258 arg1 characteristics 202:216 The molecular bonding characteristics 180:216 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites 180:258 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 7 49 theme self-plasticized 1208:1223 arg1 samples 1225:1231 the self-plasticized samples 1204:1231 the self-plasticized samples 1204:1231 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 8 50 theme biomass 1366:1372 arg1 integration 1340:1350 the molecular integration 1326:1350 the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass 1326:1372 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 4 51 dep bond 763:766 arg1 a 755:755 a 755:755 a 755:755 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 2 52 theme self-plasticized 225:240 arg1 composites 249:258 the self-plasticized bamboo composites 221:258 the self-plasticized bamboo composites 221:258 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 8 53 theme bamboo 1359:1364 arg1 biomass 1366:1372 the bamboo biomass 1355:1372 the bamboo biomass 1355:1372 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 4 54 theme hemi 736:739 arg1 cellulose 741:749 hemi cellulose 736:749 hemi cellulose 736:749 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 4 55 theme ether 757:761 arg1 bond 763:766 ether bond 757:766 ether bond 757:766 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 6 56 theme cellulose 1015:1023 arg1 crystallinity 961:973 the crystallinity 957:973 the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose 957:1038 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 25016255 8 57 theme bond 1434:1437 arg1 cross-linking 1439:1451 bond cross-linking 1434:1451 bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass 1434:1522 This result demonstrated that the molecular integration of the bamboo biomass was increased after self-plasticization, and confirmed that bond cross-linking between the hemi cellulose, lignin and cellulose of the bamboo biomass had occurred. 25016255 1 58 theme immune 161:166 arg1 composites 168:177 immune composites 161:177 immune composites 161:177 Bamboo biomass fibers were gradually separated, prepared, and then self-plasticized for immune composites. 25016255 6 59 theme lignin 1008:1013 arg1 cellulose 1015:1023 lignin cellulose 1008:1023 lignin cellulose 1008:1023 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 25016255 5 60 theme hemi 858:861 arg1 cellulose 863:871 hemi cellulose 858:871 hemi cellulose 858:871 The cross-linking effects of hemi cellulose, lignin, and cellulose could be stacked and coupled. 25016255 7 61 theme bamboo 1273:1278 arg1 fibers 1288:1293 the bamboo biomass fibers 1269:1293 the bamboo biomass fibers 1269:1293 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 4 62 theme aliphatic 700:708 arg1 hydrocarbons 710:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 aliphatic hydrocarbons 700:721 (1) During self-plasticizing of bamboo biomass, the cross-linking between celluloses mainly depended on carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters, that between cellulose and lignin depended on carboxylic acid esters and C=O groups of aliphatic hydrocarbons, and that of hemi cellulose had a ether bond and ester bond bridging effect between lignin and cellulose. 25016255 7 63 theme biomass 1280:1286 arg1 fibers 1288:1293 the bamboo biomass fibers 1269:1293 the bamboo biomass fibers 1269:1293 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 2 64 theme gravimetric 388:398 arg1 TG 410:411 TG 410:411 TG 410:411 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 2 64 theme gravimetric 388:398 arg1 analysis 400:407 thermo gravimetric analysis 381:407 thermo gravimetric analysis (TG) 381:412 The molecular bonding characteristics of the self-plasticized bamboo composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TG). 25016255 7 65 theme weight 1169:1174 arg1 rate 1181:1184 the weight loss rate 1165:1184 the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples 1165:1231 While the TG curves of all samples were basically similar in shape, the weight loss rate turning points of the self-plasticized samples were delayed compared with those of the bamboo biomass fibers. 25016255 6 66 theme biomass 999:1005 arg1 crystallinity 961:973 the crystallinity 957:973 the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose 957:1038 (2) After self-plasticization, the crystallinity of the lingo cellulosic biomass, lignin cellulose, and cellulose were increased by 5.8%, 2.28%, and 11.67%, respectively. 28654048 8 0 theme plant 1142:1146 arg1 analysis 1158:1165 plant cell wall analysis 1142:1165 plant cell wall analysis 1142:1165 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 7 1 theme data 983:986 arg1 analysis 988:995 data analysis 983:995 data analysis 983:995 It is highly dependent upon operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis. 28654048 1 2 theme compositional 221:233 arg1 information 235:245 spatial and compositional information 209:245 spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions 209:266 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 7 3 theme sample 960:965 arg1 preparation 967:977 sample preparation 960:977 sample preparation 960:977 It is highly dependent upon operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis. 28654048 3 4 theme hidden 505:510 arg1 information 512:522 hidden information 505:522 hidden information 505:522 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 8 5 theme wall 1153:1156 arg1 analysis 1158:1165 plant cell wall analysis 1142:1165 plant cell wall analysis 1142:1165 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 3 6 theme chemical 564:571 arg1 structures 573:582 similar chemical structures 556:582 similar chemical structures 556:582 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 1 7 theme Raman 143:147 arg1 imaging 149:155 Raman imaging 143:155 Raman imaging 143:155 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 8 8 theme cell 1148:1151 arg1 analysis 1158:1165 plant cell wall analysis 1142:1165 plant cell wall analysis 1142:1165 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 5 9 theme general 680:686 arg1 method 688:693 a general method 678:693 a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall 678:801 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 1 10 theme aqueous 250:256 arg1 solutions 258:266 aqueous solutions 250:266 aqueous solutions 250:266 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 7 11 from analysis 988:995 arg1 skill 951:955 operator skill 942:955 operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis 942:995 It is highly dependent upon operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis. 28654048 1 12 theme imaging 149:155 arg1 application 128:138 The application 124:138 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass 124:172 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 6 13 theme data 883:886 arg1 processing 888:897 data processing 883:897 data processing 883:897 In this protocol, procedures for sample preparation, spectral acquisition, and data processing are described. 28654048 0 14 theme Raman 10:14 arg1 Imaging 16:22 Raman Imaging 10:22 Raman Imaging 10:22 Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall. 28654048 8 15 theme Raman 1024:1028 arg1 investigation 1030:1042 a Raman investigation 1022:1042 a Raman investigation 1022:1042 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 7 16 theme operator 942:949 arg1 skill 951:955 operator skill 942:955 operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis 942:995 It is highly dependent upon operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis. 28654048 8 17 theme non-specialist 1066:1079 arg1 user 1081:1084 a non-specialist user 1064:1084 a non-specialist user 1064:1084 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 1 18 theme plant 160:164 arg1 biomass 166:172 plant biomass 160:172 plant biomass 160:172 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 3 19 theme Raman 421:425 arg1 image 427:431 each Raman image 416:431 each Raman image 416:431 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 0 20 theme Cell 113:116 arg1 Wall 118:121 the Plant Cell Wall 103:121 the Plant Cell Wall 103:121 Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall. 28654048 3 21 theme similar 556:562 arg1 structures 573:582 similar chemical structures 556:582 similar chemical structures 556:582 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 3 22 theme spectra 455:461 arg1 thousands 442:450 thousands 442:450 thousands of spectra 442:461 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 0 23 theme Plant 107:111 arg1 Wall 118:121 the Plant Cell Wall 103:121 the Plant Cell Wall 103:121 Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall. 28654048 2 24 theme structural 337:346 arg1 information 361:371 structural and chemical information 337:371 structural and chemical information 337:371 The analysis does not usually require extensive sample preparation; structural and chemical information can be obtained without labeling. 28654048 5 25 theme plant 787:791 arg1 wall 798:801 the plant cell wall 783:801 the plant cell wall 783:801 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 7 26 from preparation 967:977 arg1 skill 951:955 operator skill 942:955 operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis 942:995 It is highly dependent upon operator skill at sample preparation and data analysis. 28654048 0 27 theme Multivariate 28:39 arg1 Analysis 41:48 Multivariate Analysis 28:48 Multivariate Analysis 28:48 Combining Raman Imaging and Multivariate Analysis to Visualize Lignin, Cellulose, and Hemicellulose in the Plant Cell Wall. 28654048 1 28 from information 235:245 arg1 solutions 258:266 aqueous solutions 250:266 aqueous solutions 250:266 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 6 29 theme spectral 857:864 arg1 acquisition 866:876 spectral acquisition 857:876 spectral acquisition 857:876 In this protocol, procedures for sample preparation, spectral acquisition, and data processing are described. 28654048 3 30 with components 540:549 arg1 structures 573:582 similar chemical structures 556:582 similar chemical structures 556:582 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 8 31 theme high-quality 1097:1108 arg1 data 1110:1113 high-quality data 1097:1113 high-quality data 1097:1113 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 5 32 theme main 712:715 arg1 cellulose 747:755 cellulose 747:755 cellulose 747:755 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 5 32 theme main 712:715 arg1 components 717:726 the main components 708:726 the main components 708:726 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 5 32 theme main 712:715 arg1 lignin 739:744 lignin 739:744 lignin 739:744 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 5 32 theme main 712:715 arg1 hemicellulose 762:774 hemicellulose 762:774 hemicellulose 762:774 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 6 33 theme sample 837:842 arg1 preparation 844:854 sample preparation 837:854 sample preparation 837:854 In this protocol, procedures for sample preparation, spectral acquisition, and data processing are described. 28654048 2 34 theme sample 317:322 arg1 preparation 324:334 extensive sample preparation 307:334 extensive sample preparation 307:334 The analysis does not usually require extensive sample preparation; structural and chemical information can be obtained without labeling. 28654048 3 35 contain contains 433:440 arg1 image 427:431 each Raman image 416:431 each Raman image 416:431 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 3 35 contain contains 433:440 arg2 thousands 442:450 thousands 442:450 thousands of spectra 442:461 However, each Raman image contains thousands of spectra; this raises difficulties when extracting hidden information, especially for components with similar chemical structures. 28654048 2 36 theme extensive 307:315 arg1 preparation 324:334 extensive sample preparation 307:334 extensive sample preparation 307:334 The analysis does not usually require extensive sample preparation; structural and chemical information can be obtained without labeling. 28654048 4 37 theme multivariate 608:619 arg1 analysis 621:628 a multivariate analysis 606:628 a multivariate analysis to address this issue 606:650 This work introduces a multivariate analysis to address this issue. 28654048 1 38 theme spatial 209:215 arg1 information 235:245 spatial and compositional information 209:245 spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions 209:266 The application of Raman imaging to plant biomass is increasing because it can offer spatial and compositional information on aqueous solutions. 28654048 8 39 theme meaningful 1119:1128 arg1 results 1130:1136 meaningful results 1119:1136 meaningful results 1119:1136 By using this approach, a Raman investigation can be performed by a non-specialist user to acquire high-quality data and meaningful results for plant cell wall analysis. 28654048 5 40 theme cell 793:796 arg1 wall 798:801 the plant cell wall 783:801 the plant cell wall 783:801 The protocol establishes a general method to visualize the main components, including lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose within the plant cell wall. 28654048 2 41 theme chemical 352:359 arg1 information 361:371 structural and chemical information 337:371 structural and chemical information 337:371 The analysis does not usually require extensive sample preparation; structural and chemical information can be obtained without labeling. 28576849 9 0 from interactors 1475:1485 arg1 context 1513:1519 the context 1509:1519 the context of PVR 1509:1526 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 3 1 theme eye 524:526 arg1 PVR 569:571 PVR 569:571 PVR 569:571 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 1 theme eye 524:526 arg1 vitreoretinopathy 550:566 the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy 520:566 the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 520:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 6 2 theme RPE 1217:1219 arg1 cells 1221:1225 RPE cells 1217:1225 RPE cells 1217:1225 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 4 3 theme common 598:603 arg1 failures 605:612 the most common failures 589:612 the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries 589:647 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 9 4 theme growth 1596:1601 arg1 receptor 1610:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor 1575:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 2 5 theme signal 309:314 arg1 transduction 316:327 signal transduction 309:327 signal transduction in biological systems 309:349 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. 28576849 9 6 theme novel 1458:1462 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 6 theme novel 1458:1462 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 6 theme novel 1458:1462 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 12 7 theme events 2180:2185 arg1 prevention 2142:2151 the resulting prevention 2128:2151 the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events 2128:2185 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 12 7 theme events 2180:2185 arg1 binding 2073:2079 the highly specific binding 2053:2079 the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells 2053:2122 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 10 8 theme cells 1763:1767 arg1 surface 1742:1748 the cell surface 1733:1748 the cell surface of human RPE cells 1733:1767 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 12 9 theme identified 1996:2005 arg1 ligands 2029:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 6 10 theme distinct 1186:1193 arg1 processes 1204:1212 distinct cellular processes 1186:1212 distinct cellular processes in RPE cells 1186:1225 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 3 11 from context 509:515 arg1 relevant 493:500 relevant 493:500 relevant 493:500 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 1 12 theme cell 201:204 arg1 biology 206:212 cell biology 201:212 cell biology 201:212 Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. 28576849 12 13 theme glycoprotein 2016:2027 arg1 ligands 2029:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 9 14 theme identified 1464:1473 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 14 theme identified 1464:1473 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 14 theme identified 1464:1473 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 6 15 theme galectins 1173:1181 arg1 influence 1160:1168 the influence 1156:1168 the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells 1156:1225 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 9 16 theme Gal-3 1500:1504 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 16 theme Gal-3 1500:1504 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 16 theme Gal-3 1500:1504 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 12 17 theme PVR-associated 2156:2169 arg1 events 2180:2185 PVR-associated cellular events 2156:2185 PVR-associated cellular events 2156:2185 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 10 18 theme exogenous 1641:1649 arg1 Gal-1 1651:1655 exogenous Gal-1 1641:1655 exogenous Gal-1 1641:1655 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 2 19 theme protein-protein 224:238 arg1 interactions 270:281 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions 215:281 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions 215:281 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. 28576849 4 20 theme pigment 750:756 arg1 RPE 776:778 RPE 776:778 RPE 776:778 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 20 theme pigment 750:756 arg1 cells 769:773 retinal pigment epithelial cells 742:773 retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) 742:779 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 2 21 from transduction 316:327 arg1 systems 343:349 biological systems 332:349 biological systems 332:349 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. 28576849 1 22 theme interactors 170:180 arg1 Identification 152:165 Identification 152:165 Identification of interactors 152:180 Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. 28576849 1 22 theme interactors 170:180 arg1 goal 193:196 a major goal 185:196 a major goal in cell biology 185:212 Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. 28576849 12 23 theme galectins 2084:2092 arg1 prevention 2142:2151 the resulting prevention 2128:2151 the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events 2128:2185 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 12 23 theme galectins 2084:2092 arg1 binding 2073:2079 the highly specific binding 2053:2079 the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells 2053:2122 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 0 24 theme Galectin-3 86:95 arg1 Interactors 56:66 Glycosylation-dependent Interactors 32:66 Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 32:95 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 9 25 theme low-density 1533:1543 arg1 lipoprotein 1545:1555 the low-density lipoprotein 1529:1555 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 26 theme epithelial-to-mesenchymal 702:726 arg1 transition 728:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 0 27 theme Mesenchymal 100:110 arg1 Cells 145:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 5 28 theme mesenchymal 927:937 arg1 cells 943:947 mesenchymal RPE cells 927:947 mesenchymal RPE cells 927:947 Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading. 28576849 6 29 theme glycan-dependent 1031:1046 arg1 interactors 1048:1058 glycan-dependent interactors 1031:1058 glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 1031:1077 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 3 30 theme novel 377:381 arg1 partners 403:410 novel interacting binding partners 377:410 novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 377:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 0 31 theme Pigment 120:126 arg1 Cells 145:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 8 32 theme binding 1388:1394 arg1 processes 1396:1404 multiple binding processes 1379:1404 multiple binding processes 1379:1404 They mainly play a role in multiple binding processes and are mostly membrane proteins. 28576849 11 33 with Treatment 1809:1817 arg1 kifunensine 1824:1834 kifunensine 1824:1834 kifunensine 1824:1834 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 11 33 with Treatment 1809:1817 arg1 inhibitor 1840:1848 an inhibitor 1837:1848 an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation 1837:1880 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 9 34 theme platelet-derived 1579:1594 arg1 receptor 1610:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor 1575:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 35 theme cells 769:773 arg1 formation 800:808 the subsequent formation 785:808 the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 785:855 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 35 theme cells 769:773 arg1 migration 677:685 migration 677:685 migration 677:685 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 35 theme cells 769:773 arg1 adhesion 688:695 adhesion 688:695 adhesion 688:695 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 35 theme cells 769:773 arg1 transition 728:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 11 36 theme Gal-3 1917:1921 arg1 binding 1896:1902 the binding 1892:1902 the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors 1892:1942 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 0 37 theme Proteome-wide 0:12 arg1 Identification 14:27 Proteome-wide Identification 0:27 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 0:150 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 9 38 theme factor 1603:1608 arg1 receptor 1610:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor 1575:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 3 39 theme binding 395:401 arg1 partners 403:410 novel interacting binding partners 377:410 novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 377:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 11 40 theme lattice 1958:1964 arg1 formation 1966:1974 lattice formation 1958:1974 lattice formation 1958:1974 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 10 41 theme RPE 1759:1761 arg1 cells 1763:1767 human RPE cells 1753:1767 human RPE cells 1753:1767 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 9 42 theme β 1619:1619 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 42 theme β 1619:1619 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 43 theme fibrocellular 833:845 arg1 membranes 847:855 epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 822:855 epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 822:855 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 0 44 theme Interactors 56:66 arg1 Identification 14:27 Proteome-wide Identification 0:27 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 0:150 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 10 45 from cross-linking 1675:1687 arg1 surface 1742:1748 the cell surface 1733:1748 the cell surface of human RPE cells 1733:1767 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 7 46 theme quantitative 1327:1338 arg1 proteomics 1340:1349 quantitative proteomics 1327:1349 quantitative proteomics 1327:1349 We identify here 131 Gal-3 and 15 Gal-1 interactors by galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics. 28576849 3 47 theme β-galactoside-binding 420:440 arg1 proteins 442:449 the β-galactoside-binding proteins 416:449 the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 416:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 47 theme β-galactoside-binding 420:440 arg1 galectin-3 474:483 galectin-3 474:483 galectin-3 (Gal-3) 474:491 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 47 theme β-galactoside-binding 420:440 arg1 galectin-1 451:460 galectin-1 451:460 galectin-1 (Gal-1) 451:468 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 10 48 theme cell 1737:1740 arg1 surface 1742:1748 the cell surface 1733:1748 the cell surface of human RPE cells 1733:1767 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 0 49 theme Galectin-1 71:80 arg1 Interactors 56:66 Glycosylation-dependent Interactors 32:66 Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 32:95 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 9 50 dep interactors 1475:1485 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 50 dep interactors 1475:1485 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 50 dep interactors 1475:1485 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 51 theme epiretinal 822:831 arg1 membranes 847:855 epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 822:855 epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 822:855 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 11 52 theme N-glycosylation 1866:1880 arg1 kifunensine 1824:1834 kifunensine 1824:1834 kifunensine 1824:1834 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 11 52 theme N-glycosylation 1866:1880 arg1 inhibitor 1840:1848 an inhibitor 1837:1848 an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation 1837:1880 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 4 53 dep migration 677:685 arg1 the 673:675 the 673:675 the 673:675 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 7 54 theme pulldown 1292:1299 arg1 experiments 1301:1311 galectin pulldown experiments 1283:1311 galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics 1283:1349 We identify here 131 Gal-3 and 15 Gal-1 interactors by galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics. 28576849 4 55 theme failures 605:612 arg1 failures 605:612 the most common failures 589:612 the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries 589:647 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 55 theme failures 605:612 arg1 one 582:584 one 582:584 one 582:584 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 3 56 theme disease 528:534 arg1 PVR 569:571 PVR 569:571 PVR 569:571 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 56 theme disease 528:534 arg1 vitreoretinopathy 550:566 the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy 520:566 the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 520:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 10 57 with cross-linking 1675:1687 arg1 integrin-β1 1710:1720 integrin-β1 1710:1720 integrin-β1 (ITGB1) 1710:1728 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 10 57 with cross-linking 1675:1687 arg1 LRP1/PDGFRB 1694:1704 LRP1/PDGFRB 1694:1704 LRP1/PDGFRB 1694:1704 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 10 57 with cross-linking 1675:1687 arg1 ITGB1 1723:1727 ITGB1 1723:1727 ITGB1 1723:1727 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 4 58 theme retinal 620:626 arg1 surgeries 639:647 retinal detachment surgeries 620:647 retinal detachment surgeries 620:647 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 12 59 theme specific 2064:2071 arg1 binding 2073:2079 the highly specific binding 2053:2079 the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells 2053:2122 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 7 60 theme Gal-1 1262:1266 arg1 interactors 1268:1278 131 Gal-3 and 15 Gal-1 interactors 1245:1278 interactors 1268:1278 We identify here 131 Gal-3 and 15 Gal-1 interactors by galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics. 28576849 9 61 link platelet-derived 1579:1594 arg1 receptor 1610:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor 1575:1617 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 12 62 theme dedifferentiated 2097:2112 arg1 cells 2118:2122 dedifferentiated RPE cells 2097:2122 dedifferentiated RPE cells 2097:2122 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 12 63 gly glycoprotein 2016:2027 arg1 glycoprotein 2016:2027 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 3 64 theme vitreoretinopathy 550:566 arg1 context 509:515 the context 505:515 the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 505:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 1 65 theme major 187:191 arg1 Identification 152:165 Identification 152:165 Identification of interactors 152:180 Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. 28576849 1 65 theme major 187:191 arg1 goal 193:196 a major goal 185:196 a major goal in cell biology 185:212 Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. 28576849 6 66 theme cellular 1195:1202 arg1 processes 1204:1212 distinct cellular processes 1186:1212 distinct cellular processes in RPE cells 1186:1225 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 12 67 theme cellular 2171:2178 arg1 events 2180:2185 PVR-associated cellular events 2156:2185 PVR-associated cellular events 2156:2185 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 9 68 from context 1513:1519 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 68 from context 1513:1519 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 68 from context 1513:1519 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 69 theme membranes 847:855 arg1 formation 800:808 the subsequent formation 785:808 the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 785:855 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 69 theme membranes 847:855 arg1 migration 677:685 migration 677:685 migration 677:685 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 69 theme membranes 847:855 arg1 adhesion 688:695 adhesion 688:695 adhesion 688:695 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 69 theme membranes 847:855 arg1 transition 728:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 2 70 theme biological 332:341 arg1 systems 343:349 biological systems 332:349 biological systems 332:349 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. 28576849 12 71 theme specific 2007:2014 arg1 ligands 2029:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 the identified specific glycoprotein ligands 1992:2035 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 9 72 theme receptor 1557:1564 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 72 theme receptor 1557:1564 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 12 73 theme resulting 2132:2140 arg1 prevention 2142:2151 the resulting prevention 2128:2151 the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events 2128:2185 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 10 74 theme Gal-3 1661:1665 arg1 Addition 1629:1636 Addition 1629:1636 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 1629:1665 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 2 75 theme protein-carbohydrate 249:268 arg1 interactions 270:281 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions 215:281 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions 215:281 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. 28576849 9 76 theme Gal-1 1490:1494 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 76 theme Gal-1 1490:1494 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 76 theme Gal-1 1490:1494 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 10 77 theme Gal-1 1651:1655 arg1 Addition 1629:1636 Addition 1629:1636 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 1629:1665 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 11 78 theme complex-type 1853:1864 arg1 N-glycosylation 1866:1880 complex-type N-glycosylation 1853:1880 complex-type N-glycosylation 1853:1880 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 5 79 theme RPE 939:941 arg1 cells 943:947 mesenchymal RPE cells 927:947 mesenchymal RPE cells 927:947 Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading. 28576849 12 80 theme RPE 2114:2116 arg1 cells 2118:2122 dedifferentiated RPE cells 2097:2122 dedifferentiated RPE cells 2097:2122 In conclusion, the identified specific glycoprotein ligands shed light into the highly specific binding of galectins to dedifferentiated RPE cells and the resulting prevention of PVR-associated cellular events. 28576849 2 81 theme high 290:293 arg1 relevance 295:303 high relevance 290:303 high relevance 290:303 Not only protein-protein but also protein-carbohydrate interactions are of high relevance for signal transduction in biological systems. 28576849 9 82 theme PVR 1524:1526 arg1 context 1513:1519 the context 1509:1519 the context of PVR 1509:1526 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 10 83 theme Akt 1794:1796 arg1 signaling 1798:1806 Akt signaling 1794:1806 Akt signaling 1794:1806 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 6 84 theme Gal-3 1073:1077 arg1 interactors 1048:1058 glycan-dependent interactors 1031:1058 glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 1031:1077 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 3 85 from relevant 493:500 arg1 context 509:515 the context 505:515 the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 505:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 4 86 theme retinal 742:748 arg1 RPE 776:778 RPE 776:778 RPE 776:778 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 86 theme retinal 742:748 arg1 cells 769:773 retinal pigment epithelial cells 742:773 retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) 742:779 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 5 87 theme carbohydrate-dependent 894:915 arg1 manner 917:922 carbohydrate-dependent manner 894:922 carbohydrate-dependent manner 894:922 Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading. 28576849 6 88 theme Gal-1 1063:1067 arg1 interactors 1048:1058 glycan-dependent interactors 1031:1058 glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 1031:1077 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 0 89 theme Retinal 112:118 arg1 Cells 145:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 1 90 from goal 193:196 arg1 biology 206:212 cell biology 201:212 cell biology 201:212 Identification of interactors is a major goal in cell biology. 28576849 9 91 theme lipoprotein 1545:1555 arg1 LRP1 1566:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 1529:1569 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 91 theme lipoprotein 1545:1555 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 0 92 from Identification 14:27 arg1 Cells 145:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 0 93 theme Epithelial 128:137 arg1 Cells 145:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 3 94 theme interacting 383:393 arg1 partners 403:410 novel interacting binding partners 377:410 novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 377:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 6 95 from processes 1204:1212 arg1 cells 1221:1225 RPE cells 1217:1225 RPE cells 1217:1225 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 0 96 theme RPE 140:142 arg1 Cells 145:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells 100:149 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 3 97 dep proteins 442:449 arg1 Gal-3 486:490 Gal-3 486:490 Gal-3 486:490 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 97 dep proteins 442:449 arg1 Gal-1 463:467 Gal-1 463:467 Gal-1 463:467 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 97 dep proteins 442:449 arg1 galectin-3 474:483 galectin-3 474:483 galectin-3 (Gal-3) 474:491 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 97 dep proteins 442:449 arg1 galectin-1 451:460 galectin-1 451:460 galectin-1 (Gal-1) 451:468 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 97 dep proteins 442:449 arg1 proteins 442:449 the β-galactoside-binding proteins 416:449 the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 416:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 8 98 theme multiple 1379:1386 arg1 processes 1396:1404 multiple binding processes 1379:1404 multiple binding processes 1379:1404 They mainly play a role in multiple binding processes and are mostly membrane proteins. 28576849 5 99 theme cellular 961:968 arg1 processes 970:978 cellular processes 961:978 cellular processes like attachment and spreading 961:1008 Gal-1 and Gal-3 bind in a dose- and carbohydrate-dependent manner to mesenchymal RPE cells and inhibit cellular processes like attachment and spreading. 28576849 11 100 theme Gal-1 1907:1911 arg1 binding 1896:1902 the binding 1892:1902 the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors 1892:1942 Treatment with kifunensine, an inhibitor of complex-type N-glycosylation, weakened the binding of Gal-1 and Gal-3 to these interactors and prevented lattice formation. 28576849 4 101 theme epithelial 758:767 arg1 RPE 776:778 RPE 776:778 RPE 776:778 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 101 theme epithelial 758:767 arg1 cells 769:773 retinal pigment epithelial cells 742:773 retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) 742:779 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 0 102 theme Glycosylation-dependent 32:54 arg1 Interactors 56:66 Glycosylation-dependent Interactors 32:66 Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 32:95 Proteome-wide Identification of Glycosylation-dependent Interactors of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 on Mesenchymal Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells. 28576849 9 103 theme receptor 1610:1617 arg1 PDGFRB 1621:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1575:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 9 103 theme receptor 1610:1617 arg1 interactors 1475:1485 two novel identified interactors 1454:1485 two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB 1454:1626 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 104 theme subsequent 789:798 arg1 formation 800:808 the subsequent formation 785:808 the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 785:855 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 3 105 theme relevant 493:500 arg1 proteins 442:449 the β-galactoside-binding proteins 416:449 the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 416:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 105 theme relevant 493:500 arg1 galectin-3 474:483 galectin-3 474:483 galectin-3 (Gal-3) 474:491 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 105 theme relevant 493:500 arg1 galectin-1 451:460 galectin-1 451:460 galectin-1 (Gal-1) 451:468 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 6 106 theme RPE 1082:1084 arg1 cells 1086:1090 RPE cells 1082:1090 RPE cells 1082:1090 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 8 107 theme membrane 1421:1428 arg1 proteins 1430:1437 membrane proteins 1421:1437 membrane proteins 1421:1437 They mainly play a role in multiple binding processes and are mostly membrane proteins. 28576849 6 108 from knowledge 1015:1023 arg1 cells 1086:1090 RPE cells 1082:1090 RPE cells 1082:1090 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 6 109 from influence 1160:1168 arg1 processes 1204:1212 distinct cellular processes 1186:1212 distinct cellular processes in RPE cells 1186:1225 Yet knowledge about glycan-dependent interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on RPE cells is very limited, although this is a prerequisite for unraveling the influence of galectins on distinct cellular processes in RPE cells. 28576849 9 110 from Gal-3 1500:1504 arg1 context 1513:1519 the context 1509:1519 the context of PVR 1509:1526 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 7 111 theme galectin 1283:1290 arg1 experiments 1301:1311 galectin pulldown experiments 1283:1311 galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics 1283:1349 We identify here 131 Gal-3 and 15 Gal-1 interactors by galectin pulldown experiments combined with quantitative proteomics. 28576849 10 112 theme human 1753:1757 arg1 cells 1763:1767 human RPE cells 1753:1767 human RPE cells 1753:1767 Addition of exogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 induced cross-linking with LRP1/PDGFRB and integrin-β1 (ITGB1) on the cell surface of human RPE cells and induced ERK/MAPK and Akt signaling. 28576849 9 113 from Gal-1 1490:1494 arg1 context 1513:1519 the context 1509:1519 the context of PVR 1509:1526 We focused on two novel identified interactors of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the context of PVR: the low-density lipoprotein receptor LRP1 and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β PDGFRB. 28576849 4 114 theme detachment 628:637 arg1 surgeries 639:647 retinal detachment surgeries 620:647 retinal detachment surgeries 620:647 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 115 theme sub- 813:816 arg1 formation 800:808 the subsequent formation 785:808 the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes 785:855 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 115 theme sub- 813:816 arg1 migration 677:685 migration 677:685 migration 677:685 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 115 theme sub- 813:816 arg1 adhesion 688:695 adhesion 688:695 adhesion 688:695 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 4 115 theme sub- 813:816 arg1 transition 728:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 702:737 PVR is one of the most common failures after retinal detachment surgeries and is characterized by the migration, adhesion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and the subsequent formation of sub- and epiretinal fibrocellular membranes. 28576849 3 116 theme proliferative 536:548 arg1 PVR 569:571 PVR 569:571 PVR 569:571 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28576849 3 116 theme proliferative 536:548 arg1 vitreoretinopathy 550:566 the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy 520:566 the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) 520:572 Here, we aim to identify novel interacting binding partners for the β-galactoside-binding proteins galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) relevant in the context of the eye disease proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). 28267513 6 0 theme potential 1197:1205 arg1 inhibitor 1255:1263 a Gal-3 inhibitor 1247:1263 a Gal-3 inhibitor 1247:1263 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 6 0 theme potential 1197:1205 arg1 use 1207:1209 the potential use 1193:1209 the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1193:1242 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 3 1 theme α-Araf 844:849 arg1 units 851:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 2 2 theme galacturonic 387:398 arg1 acid 400:403 galacturonic acid 387:403 galacturonic acid 387:403 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 1 3 theme gradual 259:265 arg1 precipitation 275:287 gradual alcohol precipitation 259:287 gradual alcohol precipitation 259:287 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 4 contain containing 128:137 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 100:119 A rhamnogalacturonan-I 98:119 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) 98:165 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 4 contain containing 128:137 arg2 PPc 162:164 PPc 162:164 PPc 162:164 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 4 contain containing 128:137 arg2 polysaccharide 146:159 pectic polysaccharide 139:159 pectic polysaccharide (PPc) 139:165 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 4 contain containing 128:137 arg1 RG-I 122:125 RG-I 122:125 RG-I 122:125 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 3 5 dep rhamnosyl 703:711 arg1 % 697:697 about 29% 689:697 about 29% of 689:700 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 2 6 from presence 365:372 arg1 ratio 442:446 a molar ratio 434:446 a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 434:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 3 7 theme β-1,4-d-galactan 741:756 arg1 chains 763:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains 725:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 725:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 1 8 theme alcohol 267:273 arg1 precipitation 275:287 gradual alcohol precipitation 259:287 gradual alcohol precipitation 259:287 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 2 9 theme compositional 322:334 arg1 analysis 336:343 Monosaccharide compositional analysis 307:343 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc 307:350 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 3 10 theme side 758:761 arg1 chains 763:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains 725:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 725:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 1 11 theme precipitation 275:287 arg1 combination 244:254 a combination 242:254 a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange 242:304 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 11 theme precipitation 275:287 arg1 treatment 228:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 4 12 theme resonance 889:897 arg1 results 862:868 The results 858:868 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 858:903 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 2 13 theme Monosaccharide 307:320 arg1 analysis 336:343 Monosaccharide compositional analysis 307:343 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc 307:350 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 3 14 dep β-d-Gal 813:819 arg1 terminal 822:829 terminal 822:829 terminal 822:829 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 15 theme rhamnosyl 703:711 arg1 units 713:717 the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units 684:717 the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units 684:717 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 4 16 theme agglutinin 966:975 arg1 types 932:936 two types 928:936 two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) 928:1011 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 2 17 theme molar 436:440 arg1 ratio 442:446 a molar ratio 434:446 a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 434:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 4 18 theme communis 957:964 arg1 agglutinin 966:975 Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 949:979 Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) 949:988 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 4 18 theme communis 957:964 arg1 RCA120 982:987 RCA120 982:987 RCA120 982:987 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 2 19 theme arabinose 421:429 arg1 presence 365:372 the presence 361:372 the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 361:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 3 20 theme RG-I-like 620:628 arg1 polysaccharide 637:650 a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide 618:650 a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide 618:650 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 20 theme RG-I-like 620:628 arg1 PPc 610:612 PPc 610:612 PPc 610:612 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 2 21 theme 2.6 464:466 arg1 ratio 442:446 a molar ratio 434:446 a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 434:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 3 22 theme 1H 512:513 arg1 NMR 515:517 1H NMR 512:517 1H NMR 512:517 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 4 23 theme Galectin-3 994:1003 arg1 types 932:936 two types 928:936 two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) 928:1011 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 3 24 theme elevated 568:575 arg1 HMBC 589:592 elevated temperature HMBC 568:592 elevated temperature HMBC 568:592 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 2 25 attach presence 365:372 arg2 galactose 406:414 galactose 406:414 galactose 406:414 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 2 25 attach presence 365:372 arg2 rhamnose 377:384 rhamnose 377:384 rhamnose 377:384 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 2 25 attach presence 365:372 arg2 acid 400:403 galacturonic acid 387:403 galacturonic acid 387:403 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 2 25 attach presence 365:372 arg2 arabinose 421:429 arabinose 421:429 arabinose 421:429 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 2 25 attach presence 365:372 arg1 ratio 442:446 a molar ratio 434:446 a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 434:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 3 26 dep NMR 540:542 arg1 HMBC 589:592 elevated temperature HMBC 568:592 elevated temperature HMBC 568:592 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 26 dep NMR 540:542 arg1 HSQC 558:561 HSQC 558:561 HSQC 558:561 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 26 dep NMR 540:542 arg1 TOCSY 551:555 TOCSY 551:555 TOCSY 551:555 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 26 dep NMR 540:542 arg1 COSY 545:548 COSY 545:548 COSY 545:548 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 4 27 theme plasmon 881:887 arg1 resonance 889:897 surface plasmon resonance 873:897 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 873:903 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 4 27 theme plasmon 881:887 arg1 SPR 900:902 SPR 900:902 SPR 900:902 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 1 28 theme ion-exchange 293:304 arg1 combination 244:254 a combination 242:254 a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange 242:304 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 28 theme ion-exchange 293:304 arg1 treatment 228:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 4 29 theme surface 873:879 arg1 resonance 889:897 surface plasmon resonance 873:897 surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 873:903 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 4 29 theme surface 873:879 arg1 SPR 900:902 SPR 900:902 SPR 900:902 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 2 30 theme PPc 348:350 arg1 analysis 336:343 Monosaccharide compositional analysis 307:343 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc 307:350 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 4 31 theme lectin 941:946 arg1 types 932:936 two types 928:936 two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) 928:1011 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 2 32 theme galactose 406:414 arg1 presence 365:372 the presence 361:372 the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 361:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 0 33 theme lectin 15:20 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 30:49 a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I 13:49 a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I 13:49 Isolation of a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I containing pectic polysaccharide from pumpkin. 28267513 3 34 theme pectic 630:635 arg1 polysaccharide 637:650 a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide 618:650 a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide 618:650 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 34 theme pectic 630:635 arg1 PPc 610:612 PPc 610:612 PPc 610:612 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 35 theme 13C 523:525 arg1 NMR 527:529 13C NMR 523:529 13C NMR 523:529 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 6 36 theme polysaccharide 1229:1242 arg1 inhibitor 1255:1263 a Gal-3 inhibitor 1247:1263 a Gal-3 inhibitor 1247:1263 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 6 36 theme polysaccharide 1229:1242 arg1 use 1207:1209 the potential use 1193:1209 the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1193:1242 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 3 37 dep NMR 507:509 arg1 NMR 515:517 1H NMR 512:517 1H NMR 512:517 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 37 dep NMR 507:509 arg1 NMR 527:529 13C NMR 523:529 13C NMR 523:529 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 4 38 theme Ricinus 949:955 arg1 agglutinin 966:975 Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 949:979 Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) 949:988 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 4 38 theme Ricinus 949:955 arg1 RCA120 982:987 RCA120 982:987 RCA120 982:987 The results of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that PPc binds to two types of lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3). 28267513 1 39 theme low-temperature 205:219 arg1 treatment 228:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 0 40 theme rhamnogalacturonan-I 30:49 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I 0:49 Isolation of a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I containing pectic polysaccharide from pumpkin. 28267513 5 41 with association 1047:1057 arg1 affinity 1105:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 1 42 attach isolated 171:178 arg1 pumpkin 185:191 pumpkin 185:191 pumpkin 185:191 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 42 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 RG-I 122:125 RG-I 122:125 RG-I 122:125 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 42 attach isolated 171:178 arg2 rhamnogalacturonan-I 100:119 A rhamnogalacturonan-I 98:119 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) 98:165 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 5 43 theme 1.26μM 1139:1144 arg1 Gal-3 1130:1134 Gal-3 1130:1134 Gal-3 1130:1134 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 5 43 theme 1.26μM 1139:1144 arg1 PPc 1122:1124 PPc 1122:1124 PPc 1122:1124 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 1 44 theme alkali 221:226 arg1 treatment 228:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 a low-temperature alkali treatment 203:236 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 0 45 theme binding 22:28 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 30:49 a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I 13:49 a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I 13:49 Isolation of a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I containing pectic polysaccharide from pumpkin. 28267513 5 46 theme binding 1020:1026 arg1 studies 1028:1034 These binding studies 1014:1034 These binding studies 1014:1034 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 6 47 theme Gal-3 1249:1253 arg1 use 1207:1209 the potential use 1193:1209 the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1193:1242 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 6 47 theme Gal-3 1249:1253 arg1 inhibitor 1255:1263 a Gal-3 inhibitor 1247:1263 a Gal-3 inhibitor 1247:1263 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 6 48 dep food 1279:1282 arg1 applications 1304:1315 applications 1304:1315 applications 1304:1315 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 0 49 theme pectic 62:67 arg1 polysaccharide 69:82 pectic polysaccharide 62:82 pectic polysaccharide 62:82 Isolation of a lectin binding rhamnogalacturonan-I containing pectic polysaccharide from pumpkin. 28267513 3 50 theme non 831:833 arg1 units 851:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 2 51 theme rhamnose 377:384 arg1 presence 365:372 the presence 361:372 the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 361:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 6 52 theme pumpkin 1214:1220 arg1 polysaccharide 1229:1242 pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1214:1242 pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1214:1242 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 6 53 theme pectic 1222:1227 arg1 polysaccharide 1229:1242 pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1214:1242 pumpkin pectic polysaccharide 1214:1242 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 6 54 theme functional 1268:1277 arg1 food 1279:1282 functional food 1268:1282 functional food 1268:1282 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 3 55 theme 2D 537:538 arg1 NMR 540:542 2D NMR 537:542 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) 537:593 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 56 theme β-d-Gal 813:819 arg1 units 851:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 57 theme linkage 484:490 arg1 analysis 492:499 Structural and linkage analysis 469:499 analysis 492:499 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 5 58 theme binding 1097:1103 arg1 affinity 1105:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 3 59 theme some 676:679 arg1 C-4 669:671 the C-4 665:671 the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 665:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 60 with units 713:717 arg1 chains 763:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains 725:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 725:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 1 61 theme pectic 139:144 arg1 PPc 162:164 PPc 162:164 PPc 162:164 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 1 61 theme pectic 139:144 arg1 polysaccharide 146:159 pectic polysaccharide 139:159 pectic polysaccharide (PPc) 139:165 A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) containing pectic polysaccharide (PPc) was isolated from pumpkin following a low-temperature alkali treatment and a combination of gradual alcohol precipitation and ion-exchange. 28267513 3 62 theme long 736:739 arg1 chains 763:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains 725:768 relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 725:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 5 63 theme quick 1041:1045 arg1 association 1047:1057 quick association 1041:1057 quick association 1041:1057 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 3 64 theme temperature 577:587 arg1 HMBC 589:592 elevated temperature HMBC 568:592 elevated temperature HMBC 568:592 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 5 65 with dissociation 1068:1079 arg1 affinity 1105:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 3 66 theme units 851:855 arg1 C-3 806:808 the C-3 802:808 the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 802:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 67 theme Structural 469:478 arg1 analysis 492:499 Structural and linkage analysis 469:499 analysis 492:499 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 5 68 theme moderate 1088:1095 arg1 affinity 1105:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 a moderate binding affinity 1086:1112 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 28267513 3 69 theme 1D 504:505 arg1 NMR 507:509 1D NMR 504:509 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR) 504:530 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 70 theme of 699:700 arg1 % 697:697 about 29% 689:697 about 29% of 689:700 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 3 71 theme reducing 835:842 arg1 units 851:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units 813:855 Structural and linkage analysis by 1D NMR (1H NMR and 13C NMR), and 2D NMR (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and elevated temperature HMBC) suggested that PPc was a RG-I-like pectic polysaccharide, branched at the C-4 of some of the (about 29% of) rhamnosyl units, with relatively long β-1,4-d-galactan side chains to which were attached, through the C-3 of β-d-Gal, terminal non reducing α-Araf units. 28267513 2 72 theme acid 400:403 arg1 presence 365:372 the presence 361:372 the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6 361:466 Monosaccharide compositional analysis of PPc revealed the presence of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 7.4: 25: 28: 2.6. 28267513 6 73 theme drug 1287:1290 arg1 development 1292:1302 drug development 1287:1302 drug development 1287:1302 The interaction between PPc and Gal-3 suggest the potential use of pumpkin pectic polysaccharide as a Gal-3 inhibitor in functional food or drug development applications. 28267513 5 74 theme slow 1063:1066 arg1 dissociation 1068:1079 slow dissociation 1063:1079 slow dissociation 1063:1079 These binding studies show quick association and slow dissociation with a moderate binding affinity between PPc and Gal-3 of 1.26μM. 25034757 10 0 theme molar 1503:1507 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 1 1 from studies 63:69 arg1 polysaccharides 93:107 Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides 74:107 Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides 74:107 Case studies on Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides. 25034757 3 2 theme neutral 357:363 arg1 sugars 365:370 neutral sugars 357:370 neutral sugars 357:370 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 2 3 theme biological 165:174 arg1 significance 176:187 immense biological significance 157:187 immense biological significance 157:187 Polysaccharides containing uronic acids are of immense biological significance. 25034757 10 4 theme monosugar 1276:1284 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 4 5 theme hot 479:481 arg1 HWSP 513:516 HWSP 513:516 HWSP 513:516 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 4 5 theme hot 479:481 arg1 polysaccharide 497:510 hot water-soluble polysaccharide 479:510 hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) 479:517 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 3 6 theme substantial 387:397 arg1 amount 399:404 substantial amount 387:404 substantial amount 387:404 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 3 7 attach present 376:382 arg1 amount 399:404 substantial amount 387:404 substantial amount 387:404 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 3 7 attach present 376:382 arg2 sugars 365:370 neutral sugars 357:370 neutral sugars 357:370 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 3 8 theme Colorimetric 190:201 arg1 methods 203:209 Colorimetric methods 190:209 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens 190:236 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 10 9 from composition 1286:1296 arg1 HWSP 1563:1566 HWSP 1563:1566 HWSP 1563:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 9 from composition 1286:1296 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 10 from L-rhamnose 1428:1437 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 2 11 theme immense 157:163 arg1 significance 176:187 immense biological significance 157:187 immense biological significance 157:187 Polysaccharides containing uronic acids are of immense biological significance. 25034757 10 12 from D-xylose 1453:1460 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 4 13 theme water-soluble 439:451 arg1 CWSP 469:472 CWSP 469:472 CWSP 469:472 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 4 13 theme water-soluble 439:451 arg1 polysaccharide 453:466 cold water-soluble polysaccharide 434:466 cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) 434:473 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 4 14 theme water-soluble 483:495 arg1 HWSP 513:516 HWSP 513:516 HWSP 513:516 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 4 14 theme water-soluble 483:495 arg1 polysaccharide 497:510 hot water-soluble polysaccharide 479:510 hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) 479:517 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 8 15 dep higher 1032:1037 arg1 specificity 1039:1049 specificity 1039:1049 specificity 1039:1049 The results also indicated higher specificity and selectivity of DMP over carbazole and 3-phenylphenol. 25034757 4 16 theme cold 434:437 arg1 CWSP 469:472 CWSP 469:472 CWSP 469:472 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 4 16 theme cold 434:437 arg1 polysaccharide 453:466 cold water-soluble polysaccharide 434:466 cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) 434:473 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 1 17 theme Case 58:61 arg1 studies 63:69 Case studies 58:69 Case studies on Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides. 58:108 Case studies on Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides. 25034757 10 18 theme L-arabinose 1313:1323 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 5 19 theme spectrophotometric 668:685 arg1 methods 687:693 spectrophotometric methods 668:693 spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 668:805 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 3 20 theme different 217:225 arg1 chromogens 227:236 different chromogens 217:236 different chromogens 217:236 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 4 21 dep Tinospora 533:541 arg1 sinensis 543:550 Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance 533:600 sinensis 543:550 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 0 22 theme assorted 3:10 arg1 approaches 12:21 assorted approaches 3:21 assorted approaches 3:21 Do assorted approaches aid in estimation of uronic acids? 25034757 3 23 theme uronic 261:266 arg1 estimation 273:282 uronic acid estimation 261:282 uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides 261:301 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 10 24 theme L-rhamnose 1301:1310 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 25 from ratio 1372:1376 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 9 26 theme uronic 1206:1211 arg1 acids 1213:1217 uronic acids 1206:1217 uronic acids 1206:1217 However, GLC analysis despite time consuming remains the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids. 25034757 3 27 theme acid 268:271 arg1 estimation 273:282 uronic acid estimation 261:282 uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides 261:301 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 4 28 theme acid 418:421 arg1 content 423:429 The uronic acid content 407:429 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance 407:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 1 29 theme Tinospora 74:82 arg1 polysaccharides 93:107 Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides 74:107 Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides 74:107 Case studies on Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides. 25034757 9 30 theme GLC 1118:1120 arg1 analysis 1122:1129 GLC analysis 1118:1129 GLC analysis despite time consuming 1118:1152 However, GLC analysis despite time consuming remains the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids. 25034757 9 31 theme acids 1213:1217 arg1 estimation 1192:1201 precise estimation 1184:1201 precise estimation of uronic acids 1184:1217 However, GLC analysis despite time consuming remains the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids. 25034757 4 32 theme therapeutic 577:587 arg1 significance 589:600 marked therapeutic significance 570:600 marked therapeutic significance 570:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 5 33 theme vis-a-vis 756:764 arg1 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 5 33 theme vis-a-vis 756:764 arg1 chromatography 777:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography 731:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 731:805 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 4 34 theme uronic 411:416 arg1 content 423:429 The uronic acid content 407:429 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance 407:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 1 35 theme sinensis 84:91 arg1 polysaccharides 93:107 Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides 74:107 Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides 74:107 Case studies on Tinospora sinensis polysaccharides. 25034757 10 36 theme D-galactose 1337:1347 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 37 theme D-glucose 1353:1361 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 3 38 from estimation 273:282 arg1 polysaccharides 287:301 polysaccharides 287:301 polysaccharides 287:301 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 5 39 theme gas-liquid 766:775 arg1 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 5 39 theme gas-liquid 766:775 arg1 chromatography 777:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography 731:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 731:805 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 3 40 from present 376:382 arg1 amount 399:404 substantial amount 387:404 substantial amount 387:404 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 4 41 attach isolated 519:526 arg1 Tinospora 533:541 Tinospora 533:541 Tinospora 533:541 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 4 41 attach isolated 519:526 arg2 content 423:429 The uronic acid content 407:429 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance 407:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 10 42 from L-arabinose 1440:1450 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 5 43 theme chromatography 777:790 arg1 analysis 798:805 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 731:805 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 731:805 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 10 44 from D-glucose 1353:1361 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 45 theme D-mannose 1326:1334 arg1 composition 1286:1296 the monosugar composition 1272:1296 the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP 1272:1566 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 9 46 theme finest 1166:1171 arg1 method 1173:1178 the finest method 1162:1178 the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids 1162:1217 However, GLC analysis despite time consuming remains the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids. 25034757 10 47 theme GLC 1229:1231 arg1 analysis 1233:1240 GLC analysis 1229:1240 GLC analysis of alditol acetates 1229:1260 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 4 48 theme polysaccharide 497:510 arg1 content 423:429 The uronic acid content 407:429 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance 407:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 10 49 from L-rhamnose 1301:1310 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 9 50 theme consuming 1144:1152 arg1 time 1139:1142 time consuming 1139:1152 time consuming 1139:1152 However, GLC analysis despite time consuming remains the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 L-rhamnose 1428:1437 L-rhamnose 1428:1437 L-rhamnose 1428:1437 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 L-arabinose 1440:1450 L-arabinose 1440:1450 L-arabinose 1440:1450 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 D-galactose 1474:1484 D-galactose 1474:1484 D-galactose 1474:1484 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 D-glucose 1490:1498 D-glucose 1490:1498 D-glucose 1490:1498 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 CWSP 1419:1422 CWSP 1419:1422 CWSP 1419:1422 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 D-xylose 1453:1460 D-xylose 1453:1460 D-xylose 1453:1460 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 51 from 0.259 1385:1389 arg1 D-mannose 1463:1471 D-mannose 1463:1471 D-mannose 1463:1471 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 0 52 theme uronic 44:49 arg1 acids 51:55 uronic acids 44:55 uronic acids 44:55 Do assorted approaches aid in estimation of uronic acids? 25034757 10 53 from D-mannose 1463:1471 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 5 54 theme 3,5-dimethylphenol 731:748 arg1 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 5 54 theme 3,5-dimethylphenol 731:748 arg1 chromatography 777:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography 731:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 731:805 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 3 55 from amount 399:404 arg1 present 376:382 present 376:382 present 376:382 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 10 56 theme molar 1366:1370 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 6 57 from acid 821:824 arg1 HWSP 838:841 HWSP 838:841 HWSP 838:841 Galacturonic acid in CWSP and HWSP was estimated as 1.41% and 1.20% respectively. 25034757 6 57 from acid 821:824 arg1 CWSP 829:832 CWSP 829:832 CWSP 829:832 Galacturonic acid in CWSP and HWSP was estimated as 1.41% and 1.20% respectively. 25034757 3 58 located present 376:382 arg2 sugars 365:370 neutral sugars 357:370 neutral sugars 357:370 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 3 58 located present 376:382 arg1 amount 399:404 substantial amount 387:404 substantial amount 387:404 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 4 59 theme marked 570:575 arg1 significance 589:600 marked therapeutic significance 570:600 marked therapeutic significance 570:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 10 60 from L-arabinose 1313:1323 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 5 61 theme uronic 624:629 arg1 acid 631:634 The uronic acid 620:634 The uronic acid 620:634 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 5 62 theme DMP 751:753 arg1 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 GLC 793:795 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 5 62 theme DMP 751:753 arg1 chromatography 777:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography 731:790 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis 731:805 The uronic acid was quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, 3-phenylphenol and 3,5-dimethylphenol (DMP) vis-a-vis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis. 25034757 4 63 theme polysaccharide 453:466 arg1 content 423:429 The uronic acid content 407:429 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance 407:600 The uronic acid content of cold water-soluble polysaccharide (CWSP) and hot water-soluble polysaccharide (HWSP) isolated from Tinospora sinensis, widely known for marked therapeutic significance has been studied. 25034757 6 64 theme Galacturonic 808:819 arg1 acid 821:824 Galacturonic acid 808:824 Galacturonic acid in CWSP and HWSP 808:841 Galacturonic acid in CWSP and HWSP was estimated as 1.41% and 1.20% respectively. 25034757 6 64 theme Galacturonic 808:819 arg1 % 864:864 1.41% 860:864 1.41% 860:864 Galacturonic acid in CWSP and HWSP was estimated as 1.41% and 1.20% respectively. 25034757 6 64 theme Galacturonic 808:819 arg1 % 874:874 1.20% 870:874 1.20% 870:874 Galacturonic acid in CWSP and HWSP was estimated as 1.41% and 1.20% respectively. 25034757 2 65 contain containing 126:135 arg1 Polysaccharides 110:124 Polysaccharides 110:124 Polysaccharides containing uronic acids 110:148 Polysaccharides containing uronic acids are of immense biological significance. 25034757 2 65 contain containing 126:135 arg2 acids 144:148 uronic acids 137:148 uronic acids 137:148 Polysaccharides containing uronic acids are of immense biological significance. 25034757 10 66 theme acetates 1253:1260 arg1 analysis 1233:1240 GLC analysis 1229:1240 GLC analysis of alditol acetates 1229:1260 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 3 67 theme numerous 329:336 arg1 difficulties 338:349 numerous difficulties 329:349 numerous difficulties 329:349 Colorimetric methods using different chromogens have been explored for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharides but these methods counter numerous difficulties, when neutral sugars are present in substantial amount. 25034757 10 68 from D-mannose 1326:1334 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 69 theme alditol 1245:1251 arg1 acetates 1253:1260 alditol acetates 1245:1260 alditol acetates 1245:1260 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 70 from D-galactose 1474:1484 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 10 71 from CWSP 1419:1422 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 7 72 theme chromogens 935:944 arg1 light 912:916 light 912:916 light 912:916 The findings bring to light, the efficacy of chromogens and also reveal to what extent, they could be relied upon. 25034757 7 72 theme chromogens 935:944 arg1 efficacy 923:930 the efficacy 919:930 the efficacy of chromogens 919:944 The findings bring to light, the efficacy of chromogens and also reveal to what extent, they could be relied upon. 25034757 0 73 theme acids 51:55 arg1 estimation 30:39 estimation 30:39 estimation of uronic acids 30:55 Do assorted approaches aid in estimation of uronic acids? 25034757 2 74 theme uronic 137:142 arg1 acids 144:148 uronic acids 137:148 uronic acids 137:148 Polysaccharides containing uronic acids are of immense biological significance. 25034757 10 75 from D-galactose 1337:1347 arg1 ratio 1372:1376 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 molar ratio 0.178 1366:1382 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25034757 9 76 theme precise 1184:1190 arg1 estimation 1192:1201 precise estimation 1184:1201 precise estimation of uronic acids 1184:1217 However, GLC analysis despite time consuming remains the finest method for precise estimation of uronic acids. 25034757 10 77 from D-glucose 1490:1498 arg1 ratio 1509:1513 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 molar ratio 0.608 1503:1519 Further, GLC analysis of alditol acetates indicated the monosugar composition of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.178, 0.259, 0.140, 1.045 and 98.377 in CWSP and L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio 0.608, 0.628, 0.978, 0.227, 0.111 and 97.448 in HWSP respectively. 25037369 4 0 theme cell 624:627 arg1 composition 634:644 cell wall composition 624:644 cell wall composition 624:644 This study, for the first time, analyses duckweed cell wall composition through a detailed sequential extraction. 25037369 2 1 theme relevant 327:334 arg1 walls 321:325 duckweed cell walls 307:325 duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products 307:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 0 2 theme duckweed 75:82 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 the cell wall polysaccharides 42:70 the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor) 42:96 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 5 3 from rich 705:708 arg1 cellulose 713:721 cellulose 713:721 cellulose 713:721 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 2 4 theme walls 321:325 arg1 structure 294:302 structure 294:302 structure 294:302 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 2 4 theme walls 321:325 arg1 composition 278:288 composition 278:288 composition 278:288 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 0 5 theme minor 91:95 arg1 duckweed 75:82 duckweed 75:82 duckweed (Lemna minor) 75:96 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 0 5 theme minor 91:95 arg1 Lemna 85:89 Lemna minor 85:95 Lemna minor 85:95 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 6 6 dep acids 919:923 arg1 acid 969:972 α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid 932:972 α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid 932:972 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 6 dep acids 919:923 arg1 % 929:929 0.6% 926:929 0.6% 926:929 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 5 7 theme % 820:820 arg1 hemicellulose 822:834 3.5% hemicellulose 817:834 rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan 797:866 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 6 8 theme fatty 1039:1043 arg1 acids 919:923 essential fatty acids 903:923 essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) 903:973 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 8 theme fatty 1039:1043 arg1 acid 990:993 p-coumaric acid 979:993 p-coumaric acid (0.015%) 979:1002 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 8 theme fatty 1039:1043 arg1 acids 1045:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 9 theme fatty 913:917 arg1 acids 919:923 essential fatty acids 903:923 essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) 903:973 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 9 theme fatty 913:917 arg1 acid 990:993 p-coumaric acid 979:993 p-coumaric acid (0.015%) 979:1002 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 9 theme fatty 913:917 arg1 acids 1045:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 2 10 theme detailed 250:257 arg1 information 259:269 little detailed information 243:269 little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products 243:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 6 11 theme essential 903:911 arg1 acids 919:923 essential fatty acids 903:923 essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) 903:973 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 11 theme essential 903:911 arg1 acid 990:993 p-coumaric acid 979:993 p-coumaric acid (0.015%) 979:1002 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 11 theme essential 903:911 arg1 acids 1045:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 12 theme abundant 1030:1037 arg1 acids 919:923 essential fatty acids 903:923 essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) 903:973 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 12 theme abundant 1030:1037 arg1 acid 990:993 p-coumaric acid 979:993 p-coumaric acid (0.015%) 979:1002 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 12 theme abundant 1030:1037 arg1 acids 1045:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 2 13 theme little 243:248 arg1 information 259:269 little detailed information 243:269 little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products 243:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 6 14 theme p-coumaric 979:988 arg1 acids 919:923 essential fatty acids 903:923 essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) 903:973 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 14 theme p-coumaric 979:988 arg1 acid 990:993 p-coumaric acid 979:993 p-coumaric acid (0.015%) 979:1002 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 14 theme p-coumaric 979:988 arg1 % 1001:1001 0.015% 996:1001 0.015% 996:1001 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 14 theme p-coumaric 979:988 arg1 acids 1045:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 the most abundant fatty acids 1021:1049 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 2 15 theme duckweed 368:375 arg1 biomass 377:383 duckweed biomass 368:383 duckweed biomass 368:383 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 3 16 dep variety 461:467 arg1 the 457:459 the 457:459 the 457:459 This study reports that, for the variety and batch evaluated, carbohydrates constitute 51.2% (w/w) of dry matter while starch accounts for 19.9%. 25037369 4 17 theme sequential 665:674 arg1 extraction 676:685 a detailed sequential extraction 654:685 a detailed sequential extraction 654:685 This study, for the first time, analyses duckweed cell wall composition through a detailed sequential extraction. 25037369 1 18 theme high 161:164 arg1 proportion 166:175 its high proportion 157:175 its high proportion of cellulose and starch 157:199 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 0 19 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 characterisation 9:24 Chemical characterisation 0:24 Chemical characterisation 0:24 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 4 20 theme detailed 656:663 arg1 extraction 676:685 a detailed sequential extraction 654:685 a detailed sequential extraction 654:685 This study, for the first time, analyses duckweed cell wall composition through a detailed sequential extraction. 25037369 6 21 from acids 1045:1049 arg1 duckweed 1074:1081 whole duckweed 1068:1081 whole duckweed 1068:1081 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 21 from acids 1045:1049 arg1 addition 893:900 addition 893:900 addition 893:900 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 4 22 theme first 594:598 arg1 time 600:603 the first time 590:603 the first time 590:603 This study, for the first time, analyses duckweed cell wall composition through a detailed sequential extraction. 25037369 2 23 theme biorefinery 406:416 arg1 products 418:425 other biorefinery products 400:425 other biorefinery products 400:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 5 24 theme % 877:877 arg1 phenolics 879:887 0.03% phenolics 873:887 0.03% phenolics 873:887 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 2 25 theme other 400:404 arg1 products 418:425 other biorefinery products 400:425 other biorefinery products 400:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 5 26 theme 0.03 873:876 arg1 % 877:877 % 877:877 % 877:877 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 1 27 theme due 150:152 arg1 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 1 27 theme due 150:152 arg1 feedstock 140:148 an ideal biofuel feedstock 123:148 an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content 123:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 6 28 from phenolics 1055:1063 arg1 duckweed 1074:1081 whole duckweed 1068:1081 whole duckweed 1068:1081 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 28 from phenolics 1055:1063 arg1 addition 893:900 addition 893:900 addition 893:900 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 1 29 theme cellulose 180:188 arg1 proportion 166:175 its high proportion 157:175 its high proportion of cellulose and starch 157:199 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 1 29 theme cellulose 180:188 arg1 content 216:222 low lignin content 205:222 low lignin content 205:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 4 30 theme wall 629:632 arg1 composition 634:644 cell wall composition 624:644 cell wall composition 624:644 This study, for the first time, analyses duckweed cell wall composition through a detailed sequential extraction. 25037369 5 31 dep rhamnogalacturonan 797:814 arg1 hemicellulose 822:834 3.5% hemicellulose 817:834 rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan 797:866 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 6 32 theme linoleic/linoelaidic 948:967 arg1 acid 969:972 α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid 932:972 α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid 932:972 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 32 theme linoleic/linoelaidic 948:967 arg1 % 929:929 0.6% 926:929 0.6% 926:929 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 5 33 contain contains 732:739 arg2 pectin 747:752 20.3% pectin 741:752 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics 741:887 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 33 contain contains 732:739 arg1 rich 705:708 rich 705:708 rich 705:708 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 33 contain contains 732:739 arg1 wall 697:700 The cell wall 688:700 The cell wall 688:700 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 34 theme 20.3 741:744 arg1 % 745:745 % 745:745 % 745:745 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 1 35 theme starch 194:199 arg1 proportion 166:175 its high proportion 157:175 its high proportion of cellulose and starch 157:199 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 1 35 theme starch 194:199 arg1 content 216:222 low lignin content 205:222 low lignin content 205:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 0 36 theme wall 51:54 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 the cell wall polysaccharides 42:70 the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor) 42:96 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 5 37 theme 3.5 817:819 arg1 % 820:820 % 820:820 % 820:820 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 38 theme cell 692:695 arg1 rich 705:708 rich 705:708 rich 705:708 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 38 theme cell 692:695 arg1 wall 697:700 The cell wall 688:700 The cell wall 688:700 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 3 39 theme dry 530:532 arg1 matter 534:539 dry matter 530:539 dry matter 530:539 This study reports that, for the variety and batch evaluated, carbohydrates constitute 51.2% (w/w) of dry matter while starch accounts for 19.9%. 25037369 2 40 theme cell 316:319 arg1 walls 321:325 duckweed cell walls 307:325 duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products 307:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 0 41 theme cell 46:49 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 the cell wall polysaccharides 42:70 the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor) 42:96 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 3 42 theme matter 534:539 arg1 w/w 522:524 w/w 522:524 w/w 522:524 This study reports that, for the variety and batch evaluated, carbohydrates constitute 51.2% (w/w) of dry matter while starch accounts for 19.9%. 25037369 3 42 theme matter 534:539 arg1 % 519:519 51.2% 515:519 51.2% (w/w) of dry matter 515:539 This study reports that, for the variety and batch evaluated, carbohydrates constitute 51.2% (w/w) of dry matter while starch accounts for 19.9%. 25037369 3 42 theme matter 534:539 arg1 matter 534:539 dry matter 530:539 dry matter 530:539 This study reports that, for the variety and batch evaluated, carbohydrates constitute 51.2% (w/w) of dry matter while starch accounts for 19.9%. 25037369 2 43 theme duckweed 307:314 arg1 walls 321:325 duckweed cell walls 307:325 duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products 307:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 6 44 theme α-linolenic 932:942 arg1 acid 969:972 α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid 932:972 α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid 932:972 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 6 44 theme α-linolenic 932:942 arg1 % 929:929 0.6% 926:929 0.6% 926:929 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 2 45 dep composition 278:288 arg1 the 274:276 the 274:276 the 274:276 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 2 46 from information 259:269 arg1 structure 294:302 structure 294:302 structure 294:302 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 2 46 from information 259:269 arg1 composition 278:288 composition 278:288 composition 278:288 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 1 47 theme low 205:207 arg1 content 216:222 low lignin content 205:222 low lignin content 205:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 2 48 theme biomass 377:383 arg1 conversion 354:363 the conversion 350:363 the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products 350:425 However, there is little detailed information on the composition and structure of duckweed cell walls relevant to optimising the conversion of duckweed biomass to ethanol and other biorefinery products. 25037369 1 49 theme ideal 126:130 arg1 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 1 49 theme ideal 126:130 arg1 feedstock 140:148 an ideal biofuel feedstock 123:148 an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content 123:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 6 50 theme whole 1068:1072 arg1 duckweed 1074:1081 whole duckweed 1068:1081 whole duckweed 1068:1081 In addition, essential fatty acids (0.6%, α-linolenic and linoleic/linoelaidic acid) and p-coumaric acid (0.015%) respectively are the most abundant fatty acids and phenolics in whole duckweed. 25037369 1 51 theme lignin 209:214 arg1 content 216:222 low lignin content 205:222 low lignin content 205:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 0 52 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 analysis 30:37 analysis 30:37 analysis 30:37 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 0 52 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 characterisation 9:24 Chemical characterisation 0:24 Chemical characterisation 0:24 Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). 25037369 5 53 from cellulose 713:721 arg1 rich 705:708 rich 705:708 rich 705:708 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 53 from cellulose 713:721 arg1 wall 697:700 The cell wall 688:700 The cell wall 688:700 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 5 54 theme % 745:745 arg1 pectin 747:752 20.3% pectin 741:752 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics 741:887 The cell wall is rich in cellulose and also contains 20.3% pectin comprising galacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan; 3.5% hemicellulose comprising xyloglucan and xylan, and 0.03% phenolics. 25037369 1 55 theme biofuel 132:138 arg1 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed 99:106 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 25037369 1 55 theme biofuel 132:138 arg1 feedstock 140:148 an ideal biofuel feedstock 123:148 an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content 123:222 Duckweed is potentially an ideal biofuel feedstock due to its high proportion of cellulose and starch and low lignin content. 27083849 4 0 theme HR 935:936 arg1 MS 938:939 ESI HR MS 931:939 (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS 908:939 Therefore, the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives were studied using sugar analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS, and the O84-polysaccharide structure was established. 27083849 6 1 theme gene 1178:1181 arg1 cluster 1183:1189 The gene cluster 1174:1189 The gene cluster for the O84-antigen biosynthesis 1174:1222 The gene cluster for the O84-antigen biosynthesis was analysed and its content was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure. 27083849 0 2 theme O84 102:104 arg1 polysaccharide 67:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide 13:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84 13:104 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 4 3 theme ESI 931:933 arg1 MS 938:939 ESI HR MS 931:939 (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS 908:939 Therefore, the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives were studied using sugar analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS, and the O84-polysaccharide structure was established. 27083849 6 4 with consistent 1269:1278 arg1 structure 1306:1314 the O-polysaccharide structure 1285:1314 the O-polysaccharide structure 1285:1314 The gene cluster for the O84-antigen biosynthesis was analysed and its content was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure. 27083849 3 5 theme phosphate 635:643 arg1 linkage 660:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 However, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved at a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage to give mainly a pentasaccharide that corresponded to the O-polysaccharide repeat. 27083849 3 6 theme acid-labile 605:615 arg1 linkage 660:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 However, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved at a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage to give mainly a pentasaccharide that corresponded to the O-polysaccharide repeat. 27083849 4 7 theme O-deacylated 826:837 arg1 derivatives 839:849 their O-deacylated derivatives 820:849 the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives 762:849 Therefore, the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives were studied using sugar analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS, and the O84-polysaccharide structure was established. 27083849 2 8 dep E. 482:483 arg1 coli 485:488 coli 485:488 coli 485:488 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 5 9 theme β-l-Fucp-1-P 1053:1064 arg1 presence 1041:1048 the presence 1037:1048 the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates 1037:1171 The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates. 27083849 2 10 theme O84a 490:493 arg1 cells 473:477 cells 473:477 cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction 473:520 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 1 11 theme Fine 107:110 arg1 structure 112:120 Fine structure 107:120 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) 107:188 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 3 12 theme β-l-fucopyranosyl 617:633 arg1 linkage 660:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 However, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved at a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage to give mainly a pentasaccharide that corresponded to the O-polysaccharide repeat. 27083849 2 13 theme E. 482:483 arg1 O84a 490:493 E. coli O84a 482:493 E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction 482:520 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 1 14 theme important 306:314 arg1 bacteria 330:337 medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria 277:337 medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria 277:337 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 1 15 theme bacterial 221:229 arg1 basis 251:255 the basis 247:255 the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli 247:364 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 1 15 theme bacterial 221:229 arg1 cells 231:235 bacterial cells 221:235 bacterial cells 221:235 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 1 16 theme gram-negative 316:328 arg1 bacteria 330:337 medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria 277:337 medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria 277:337 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 0 17 dep Escherichia 85:95 arg1 coli 97:100 coli 97:100 coli 97:100 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 1 18 theme cells 231:235 arg1 serospecificity 202:216 the serospecificity 198:216 the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli 198:364 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 0 19 theme O-specific 56:65 arg1 polysaccharide 67:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide 13:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84 13:104 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 1 20 theme bacteria 330:337 arg1 O-serotyping 261:272 O-serotyping 261:272 O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli 261:364 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 5 21 theme natural 1151:1157 arg1 carbohydrates 1159:1171 natural carbohydrates 1151:1171 natural carbohydrates 1151:1171 The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates. 27083849 3 22 theme β-l-Fucp-1-P 646:657 arg1 linkage 660:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage 596:666 However, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved at a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage to give mainly a pentasaccharide that corresponded to the O-polysaccharide repeat. 27083849 0 23 theme phosphate-containing 35:54 arg1 polysaccharide 67:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide 13:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84 13:104 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 0 24 theme β-l-fucopyranosyl 17:33 arg1 polysaccharide 67:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide 13:80 the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84 13:104 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 2 25 theme phenol/water 498:509 arg1 extraction 511:520 phenol/water extraction 498:520 phenol/water extraction 498:520 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 5 26 from time 1143:1146 arg1 carbohydrates 1159:1171 natural carbohydrates 1151:1171 natural carbohydrates 1151:1171 The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates. 27083849 2 27 attach isolated 459:466 arg2 lipopolysaccharide 436:453 the lipopolysaccharide 432:453 the lipopolysaccharide 432:453 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 2 27 attach isolated 459:466 arg1 cells 473:477 cells 473:477 cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction 473:520 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 0 28 theme Escherichia 85:95 arg1 O84 102:104 Escherichia coli O84 85:104 Escherichia coli O84 85:104 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 1 29 theme O-polysaccharide 129:144 arg1 chain 146:150 the O-polysaccharide chain 125:150 the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) 125:188 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 0 30 theme polysaccharide 67:80 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 0:105 Structure of the β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate-containing O-specific polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O84. 27083849 3 31 theme O-polysaccharide 726:741 arg1 repeat 743:748 the O-polysaccharide repeat 722:748 the O-polysaccharide repeat 722:748 However, the O-polysaccharide was cleaved at a highly acid-labile β-l-fucopyranosyl phosphate (β-l-Fucp-1-P) linkage to give mainly a pentasaccharide that corresponded to the O-polysaccharide repeat. 27083849 1 32 theme chain 146:150 arg1 structure 112:120 Fine structure 107:120 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) 107:188 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 1 33 theme lipopolysaccharide 159:176 arg1 chain 146:150 the O-polysaccharide chain 125:150 the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) 125:188 Fine structure of the O-polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) defines the serospecificity of bacterial cells, which is the basis for O-serotyping of medically and agriculturally important gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. 27083849 4 34 theme sugar 870:874 arg1 analysis 876:883 sugar analysis 870:883 sugar analysis 870:883 Therefore, the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives were studied using sugar analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS, and the O84-polysaccharide structure was established. 27083849 4 35 theme NMR 886:888 arg1 spectroscopy 890:901 NMR spectroscopy 886:901 NMR spectroscopy 886:901 Therefore, the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives were studied using sugar analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS, and the O84-polysaccharide structure was established. 27083849 6 36 theme O84-antigen 1199:1209 arg1 biosynthesis 1211:1222 the O84-antigen biosynthesis 1195:1222 the O84-antigen biosynthesis 1195:1222 The gene cluster for the O84-antigen biosynthesis was analysed and its content was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure. 27083849 4 37 theme O84-polysaccharide 950:967 arg1 structure 969:977 the O84-polysaccharide structure 946:977 the O84-polysaccharide structure 946:977 Therefore, the lipopolysaccharide and the pentasaccharide as well as their O-deacylated derivatives were studied using sugar analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and (for oligosaccharides) ESI HR MS, and the O84-polysaccharide structure was established. 27083849 5 38 theme first 1137:1141 arg1 time 1143:1146 the first time 1133:1146 the first time in natural carbohydrates 1133:1171 The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates. 27083849 5 39 theme di-O-acetylated 1079:1093 arg1 6-deoxy-d-talose 1095:1110 randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose 1070:1110 randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose 1070:1110 The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates. 27083849 2 40 theme structural 411:420 arg1 analysis 422:429 structural analysis 411:429 structural analysis 411:429 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 2 41 theme mild 540:543 arg1 acid 545:548 mild acid 540:548 mild acid 540:548 In order to obtain the O-polysaccharide for structural analysis, the lipopolysaccharide was isolated from cells of E. coli O84a by phenol/water extraction and degraded with mild acid. 27083849 5 42 theme 6-deoxy-d-talose 1095:1110 arg1 presence 1041:1048 the presence 1037:1048 the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates 1037:1171 The O-polysaccharide is distinguished by the presence of β-l-Fucp-1-P and randomly di-O-acetylated 6-deoxy-d-talose, which are found for the first time in natural carbohydrates. 27083849 6 43 theme O-polysaccharide 1289:1304 arg1 structure 1306:1314 the O-polysaccharide structure 1285:1314 the O-polysaccharide structure 1285:1314 The gene cluster for the O84-antigen biosynthesis was analysed and its content was found to be consistent with the O-polysaccharide structure. 26875935 0 0 theme QMC 80:82 arg1 platform 101:108 a QMC substrate design platform 78:108 a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase 78:128 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 5 1 from β-galactosidase 897:911 arg1 cells 922:926 human cells 916:926 human cells 916:926 As a result, we discovered a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells. 26875935 3 2 theme partial 519:525 arg1 structures 527:536 partial structures 519:536 partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells 519:638 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 3 3 from β-galactosidase 556:570 arg1 apparatus 615:623 the Golgi apparatus 605:623 the Golgi apparatus of human cells 605:638 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 0 4 theme design 94:99 arg1 platform 101:108 a QMC substrate design platform 78:108 a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase 78:128 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 3 5 from β-N-acetylglucosaminidase 576:600 arg1 apparatus 615:623 the Golgi apparatus 605:623 the Golgi apparatus of human cells 605:638 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 6 6 theme β-galactosidase 1015:1029 arg1 processing 996:1005 glycan processing 989:1005 glycan processing of this β-galactosidase 989:1029 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 0 7 theme substrate 84:92 arg1 platform 101:108 a QMC substrate design platform 78:108 a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase 78:128 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 6 8 from linkages 1061:1068 arg1 O-glycans 1080:1088 O-glycans 1080:1088 O-glycans 1080:1088 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 6 8 from linkages 1061:1068 arg1 N- 1073:1074 N- 1073:1074 N- 1073:1074 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 4 9 theme QMC 747:749 arg1 platform 769:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform 719:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 719:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 5 10 theme Golgi 891:895 arg1 β-galactosidase 897:911 a novel Golgi β-galactosidase 883:911 a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells 883:926 As a result, we discovered a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells. 26875935 5 10 theme Golgi 891:895 arg1 result 861:866 a result 859:866 a result 859:866 As a result, we discovered a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells. 26875935 4 11 theme substrate 752:760 arg1 platform 769:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform 719:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 719:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 4 12 theme quinone 721:727 arg1 platform 769:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform 719:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 719:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 1 13 theme proteins 174:181 arg1 PTMs 165:168 PTMs 165:168 PTMs 165:168 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the physiology of eukaryotes. 26875935 1 13 theme proteins 174:181 arg1 modifications 150:162 Post-translational modifications 131:162 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins 131:181 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the physiology of eukaryotes. 26875935 4 14 theme exo-type 817:824 arg1 glycosidases 826:837 exo-type glycosidases 817:837 exo-type glycosidases 817:837 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 7 15 theme exo-type 1195:1202 arg1 glycosidases 1204:1215 exo-type glycosidases 1195:1215 exo-type glycosidases 1195:1215 In addition, these results show that the QMC platform is excellent for imaging exo-type glycosidases. 26875935 3 16 theme Golgi 609:613 arg1 apparatus 615:623 the Golgi apparatus 605:623 the Golgi apparatus of human cells 605:638 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 6 17 theme Golgi 1099:1103 arg1 apparatus 1105:1113 Golgi apparatus 1099:1113 Golgi apparatus 1099:1113 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 1 18 theme important 188:196 arg1 roles 198:202 important roles 188:202 important roles 188:202 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the physiology of eukaryotes. 26875935 2 19 gly glycosylations 265:278 arg1 PTMs 244:247 the PTMs 240:247 the PTMs 240:247 In the PTMs, non-reversible glycosylations are classified as N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and are catalyzed by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 26875935 5 20 theme human 916:920 arg1 cells 922:926 human cells 916:926 human cells 916:926 As a result, we discovered a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells. 26875935 0 21 theme Golgi 19:23 arg1 β-galactosidase 25:39 human Golgi β-galactosidase 13:39 human Golgi β-galactosidase 13:39 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 3 22 dep N- 461:462 arg1 processing 477:486 processing 477:486 processing 477:486 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 0 23 theme human 13:17 arg1 β-galactosidase 25:39 human Golgi β-galactosidase 13:39 human Golgi β-galactosidase 13:39 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 6 24 theme glycan 989:994 arg1 processing 996:1005 glycan processing 989:1005 glycan processing of this β-galactosidase 989:1029 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 3 25 theme cells 634:638 arg1 apparatus 615:623 the Golgi apparatus 605:623 the Golgi apparatus of human cells 605:638 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 0 26 theme β-galactosidase 25:39 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no 0:47 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 6 27 theme β-galactosyl 1048:1059 arg1 linkages 1061:1068 various β-galactosyl linkages 1040:1068 various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans 1040:1088 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 4 28 theme fluorescent 687:697 arg1 substrates 699:708 fluorescent substrates 687:708 fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 687:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 7 29 theme QMC 1157:1159 arg1 excellent 1173:1181 excellent 1173:1181 excellent 1173:1181 In addition, these results show that the QMC platform is excellent for imaging exo-type glycosidases. 26875935 7 29 theme QMC 1157:1159 arg1 platform 1161:1168 the QMC platform 1153:1168 the QMC platform 1153:1168 In addition, these results show that the QMC platform is excellent for imaging exo-type glycosidases. 26875935 6 30 theme important 967:975 arg1 function 977:984 a novel and important function 955:984 a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase 955:1029 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 2 31 theme various 358:364 arg1 glycosidases 366:377 various glycosidases 358:377 various glycosidases 358:377 In the PTMs, non-reversible glycosylations are classified as N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and are catalyzed by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 26875935 3 32 theme human 628:632 arg1 cells 634:638 human cells 628:638 human cells 628:638 However, β-glycosidases are not known to play a role in N- and O-glycan processing, although both glycans provide partial structures as substrates for β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the Golgi apparatus of human cells. 26875935 6 33 theme novel 957:961 arg1 function 977:984 a novel and important function 955:984 a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase 955:1029 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 6 34 from function 977:984 arg1 processing 996:1005 glycan processing 989:1005 glycan processing of this β-galactosidase 989:1029 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 4 35 theme living 842:847 arg1 cells 849:853 living cells 842:853 living cells 842:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 0 36 with Discovery 0:8 arg1 no 46:47 no 46:47 no 46:47 Discovery of human Golgi β-galactosidase with no identified glycosidase using a QMC substrate design platform for exo-glycosidase. 26875935 1 37 theme Post-translational 131:148 arg1 PTMs 165:168 PTMs 165:168 PTMs 165:168 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the physiology of eukaryotes. 26875935 1 37 theme Post-translational 131:148 arg1 modifications 150:162 Post-translational modifications 131:162 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins 131:181 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the physiology of eukaryotes. 26875935 1 38 theme eukaryotes 225:234 arg1 physiology 211:220 the physiology 207:220 the physiology of eukaryotes 207:234 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play important roles in the physiology of eukaryotes. 26875935 2 39 theme non-reversible 250:263 arg1 O-glycosylations 319:334 O-glycosylations 319:334 O-glycosylations 319:334 In the PTMs, non-reversible glycosylations are classified as N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and are catalyzed by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 26875935 2 39 theme non-reversible 250:263 arg1 N-glycosylations 298:313 N-glycosylations 298:313 N-glycosylations 298:313 In the PTMs, non-reversible glycosylations are classified as N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and are catalyzed by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 26875935 2 39 theme non-reversible 250:263 arg1 glycosylations 265:278 non-reversible glycosylations 250:278 non-reversible glycosylations 250:278 In the PTMs, non-reversible glycosylations are classified as N-glycosylations and O-glycosylations, and are catalyzed by various glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. 26875935 4 40 theme design 762:767 arg1 platform 769:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform 719:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 719:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 5 41 theme novel 885:889 arg1 β-galactosidase 897:911 a novel Golgi β-galactosidase 883:911 a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells 883:926 As a result, we discovered a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells. 26875935 5 41 theme novel 885:889 arg1 result 861:866 a result 859:866 a result 859:866 As a result, we discovered a novel Golgi β-galactosidase in human cells. 26875935 4 42 theme cleavage 737:744 arg1 platform 769:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform 719:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 719:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 4 43 theme Golgi 659:663 arg1 β-galactosidase 665:679 human Golgi β-galactosidase 653:679 human Golgi β-galactosidase 653:679 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 6 44 theme various 1040:1046 arg1 linkages 1061:1068 various β-galactosyl linkages 1040:1068 various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans 1040:1088 It is possible to predict a novel and important function in glycan processing of this β-galactosidase, because various β-galactosyl linkages in N- and O-glycans exist in Golgi apparatus. 26875935 4 45 theme methide 729:735 arg1 platform 769:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform 719:776 a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells 719:853 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 26875935 4 46 theme human 653:657 arg1 β-galactosidase 665:679 human Golgi β-galactosidase 653:679 human Golgi β-galactosidase 653:679 We explored human Golgi β-galactosidase using fluorescent substrates based on a quinone methide cleavage (QMC) substrate design platform that was previously developed to image exo-type glycosidases in living cells. 28555433 0 0 theme chain 83:87 arg1 length 89:94 chain length 83:94 chain length 83:94 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 3 1 theme production 324:333 arg1 methods 335:341 The production methods 320:341 The production methods 320:341 The production methods and regulatory controls of pharmaceutical heparins have changed over the years. 28555433 4 2 theme contemporary 526:537 arg1 products 547:554 two contemporary heparin products 522:554 two contemporary heparin products 522:554 This study assesses the structural and activity uniformity of the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products. 28555433 7 3 with ones 913:916 arg1 density 940:946 different charge density 923:946 different charge density 923:946 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 3 4 theme pharmaceutical 370:383 arg1 heparins 385:392 pharmaceutical heparins 370:392 pharmaceutical heparins 370:392 The production methods and regulatory controls of pharmaceutical heparins have changed over the years. 28555433 8 5 theme pharmaceutical 1115:1128 arg1 heparin 1130:1136 pharmaceutical heparin 1115:1136 pharmaceutical heparin products 1115:1145 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 8 6 theme molecular 1042:1050 arg1 weight 1052:1057 molecular weight 1042:1057 molecular weight 1042:1057 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 2 7 theme sequences 297:305 arg1 lengths 311:317 lengths 311:317 lengths 311:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 7 theme sequences 297:305 arg1 sequences 297:305 sequences 297:305 sequences 297:305 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 7 theme sequences 297:305 arg1 variety 286:292 a variety 284:292 a variety of sequences and lengths 284:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 3 8 theme heparins 385:392 arg1 methods 335:341 The production methods 320:341 The production methods 320:341 The production methods and regulatory controls of pharmaceutical heparins have changed over the years. 28555433 3 8 theme heparins 385:392 arg1 controls 358:365 regulatory controls 347:365 regulatory controls 347:365 The production methods and regulatory controls of pharmaceutical heparins have changed over the years. 28555433 4 9 theme chains 504:509 arg1 uniformity 471:480 the structural and activity uniformity 443:480 uniformity 471:480 This study assesses the structural and activity uniformity of the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products. 28555433 5 10 theme ion 651:653 arg1 chromatography 664:677 ion exchange chromatography 651:677 ion exchange chromatography 651:677 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 7 11 theme different 891:899 arg1 lengths 901:907 different lengths 891:907 different lengths 891:907 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 7 12 theme charge 933:938 arg1 density 940:946 different charge density 923:946 different charge density 923:946 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 2 13 contain having 277:282 arg2 sequences 297:305 sequences 297:305 sequences 297:305 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 13 contain having 277:282 arg2 lengths 311:317 lengths 311:317 lengths 311:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 13 contain having 277:282 arg1 chains 270:275 polysaccharide chains 255:275 polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths 255:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 13 contain having 277:282 arg2 variety 286:292 a variety 284:292 a variety of sequences and lengths 284:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 4 14 theme polysaccharide 489:502 arg1 chains 504:509 the polysaccharide chains 485:509 the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products 485:554 This study assesses the structural and activity uniformity of the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products. 28555433 8 15 theme products 1138:1145 arg1 uniformity 1101:1110 the uniformity 1097:1110 the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products 1097:1145 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 5 16 theme exchange 655:662 arg1 chromatography 664:677 ion exchange chromatography 651:677 ion exchange chromatography 651:677 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 6 17 theme tetrasaccharide 755:769 arg1 compositions 771:782 di- and tetrasaccharide compositions 747:782 di- and tetrasaccharide compositions 747:782 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 0 18 theme pharmaceutical 101:114 arg1 heparins 116:123 pharmaceutical heparins 101:123 pharmaceutical heparins 101:123 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 8 19 theme heparin 1130:1136 arg1 products 1138:1145 pharmaceutical heparin products 1115:1145 pharmaceutical heparin products 1115:1145 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 8 20 theme current 1075:1081 arg1 pharmacopeia 1083:1094 the current pharmacopeia 1071:1094 the current pharmacopeia 1071:1094 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 6 21 theme di- 747:749 arg1 compositions 771:782 di- and tetrasaccharide compositions 747:782 di- and tetrasaccharide compositions 747:782 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 1 22 theme clinical 185:192 arg1 anticoagulant 194:206 a clinical anticoagulant 183:206 a clinical anticoagulant 183:206 Heparin is a structurally complex polysaccharide used as a clinical anticoagulant. 28555433 7 23 with chains 881:886 arg1 density 940:946 different charge density 923:946 different charge density 923:946 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 7 24 theme different 923:931 arg1 density 940:946 different charge density 923:946 different charge density 923:946 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 5 25 theme size 632:635 arg1 exclusion 637:645 size exclusion 632:645 size exclusion 632:645 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 2 26 theme lengths 311:317 arg1 lengths 311:317 lengths 311:317 lengths 311:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 26 theme lengths 311:317 arg1 sequences 297:305 sequences 297:305 sequences 297:305 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 2 26 theme lengths 311:317 arg1 variety 286:292 a variety 284:292 a variety of sequences and lengths 284:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 6 27 theme anti-factor 789:799 arg1 activities 824:833 anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities 789:833 anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities 789:833 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 7 28 theme properties 862:871 arg1 distribution 840:851 The distribution 836:851 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density 836:946 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 8 29 theme heparin 1013:1019 arg1 purity 1021:1026 heparin purity 1013:1026 heparin purity 1013:1026 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 7 30 theme lengths 901:907 arg1 ones 913:916 ones 913:916 ones with different charge density 913:946 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 7 30 theme lengths 901:907 arg1 chains 881:886 chains 881:886 chains of different lengths 881:907 The distribution of these properties through chains of different lengths and ones with different charge density were compared. 28555433 6 31 theme weight 728:733 arg1 properties 735:744 their molecular weight properties 712:744 their molecular weight properties 712:744 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 0 32 theme fractions 39:47 arg1 Structural 0:9 Structural 0:9 Structural 0:9 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 4 33 theme activity 462:469 arg1 uniformity 471:480 the structural and activity uniformity 443:480 uniformity 471:480 This study assesses the structural and activity uniformity of the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products. 28555433 6 34 theme molecular 718:726 arg1 properties 735:744 their molecular weight properties 712:744 their molecular weight properties 712:744 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 2 35 theme heterogeneous 230:242 arg1 mixture 244:250 a heterogeneous mixture 228:250 a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths 228:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 5 36 theme different 584:592 arg1 sizes 594:598 different sizes 584:598 different sizes 584:598 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 8 37 from increase 1001:1008 arg1 activity 1029:1036 activity 1029:1036 activity 1029:1036 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 8 37 from increase 1001:1008 arg1 weight 1052:1057 molecular weight 1042:1057 molecular weight 1042:1057 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 8 37 from increase 1001:1008 arg1 purity 1021:1026 heparin purity 1013:1026 heparin purity 1013:1026 The results demonstrate that with the increase in heparin purity, activity and molecular weight required by the current pharmacopeia, the uniformity of pharmaceutical heparin products have increased. 28555433 0 38 theme different 54:62 arg1 density 71:77 different charge density 54:77 different charge density 54:77 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 0 39 theme charge 64:69 arg1 density 71:77 different charge density 54:77 different charge density 54:77 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 0 40 from heparins 116:123 arg1 density 71:77 different charge density 54:77 different charge density 54:77 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 0 40 from heparins 116:123 arg1 length 89:94 chain length 83:94 chain length 83:94 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 6 41 theme anti-factor-Xa 809:822 arg1 activities 824:833 anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities 789:833 anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities 789:833 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 5 42 with fractions 569:577 arg1 sizes 594:598 different sizes 584:598 different sizes 584:598 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 5 42 with fractions 569:577 arg1 charges 604:610 charges 604:610 charges 604:610 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 2 43 theme chains 270:275 arg1 mixture 244:250 a heterogeneous mixture 228:250 a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths 228:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 6 44 theme IIa 801:803 arg1 activities 824:833 anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities 789:833 anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities 789:833 The fractions were analyzed for their molecular weight properties, di- and tetrasaccharide compositions, and anti-factor IIa and anti-factor-Xa activities. 28555433 4 45 theme structural 447:456 arg1 uniformity 471:480 the structural and activity uniformity 443:480 uniformity 471:480 This study assesses the structural and activity uniformity of the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products. 28555433 2 46 theme polysaccharide 255:268 arg1 chains 270:275 polysaccharide chains 255:275 polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths 255:317 It is comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains having a variety of sequences and lengths. 28555433 5 47 theme heparin 561:567 arg1 fractions 569:577 The heparin fractions 557:577 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges 557:610 The heparin fractions with different sizes and charges were separated with size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. 28555433 3 48 theme regulatory 347:356 arg1 controls 358:365 regulatory controls 347:365 regulatory controls 347:365 The production methods and regulatory controls of pharmaceutical heparins have changed over the years. 28555433 4 49 theme heparin 539:545 arg1 products 547:554 two contemporary heparin products 522:554 two contemporary heparin products 522:554 This study assesses the structural and activity uniformity of the polysaccharide chains comprising two contemporary heparin products. 28555433 0 50 dep Structural 0:9 arg1 variability 24:34 variability 24:34 variability 24:34 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 0 51 with fractions 39:47 arg1 density 71:77 different charge density 54:77 different charge density 54:77 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 0 51 with fractions 39:47 arg1 length 89:94 chain length 83:94 chain length 83:94 Structural and activity variability of fractions with different charge density and chain length from pharmaceutical heparins. 28555433 1 52 theme complex 152:158 arg1 polysaccharide 160:173 a structurally complex polysaccharide 137:173 a structurally complex polysaccharide used as a clinical anticoagulant 137:206 Heparin is a structurally complex polysaccharide used as a clinical anticoagulant. 28555433 1 52 theme complex 152:158 arg1 Heparin 126:132 Heparin 126:132 Heparin 126:132 Heparin is a structurally complex polysaccharide used as a clinical anticoagulant. 28805835 0 0 from study 13:17 arg1 polysaccharides 22:36 polysaccharides 22:36 polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods 22:94 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 6 1 theme hypolipidemic 1324:1336 arg1 activities 1338:1347 hypolipidemic activities 1324:1347 hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides 1324:1378 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 2 2 theme extraction 373:382 arg1 methods 384:390 extraction methods 373:390 extraction methods 373:390 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 3 theme sugar 515:519 arg1 composition 476:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 3 theme sugar 515:519 arg1 content 496:502 the content 492:502 the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP 492:558 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 3 theme sugar 515:519 arg1 yield 436:440 extraction yield 425:440 extraction yield 425:440 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 3 theme sugar 515:519 arg1 weight 453:458 molecular weight 443:458 molecular weight 443:458 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 4 4 theme due 848:850 arg1 viscosity 838:846 lower viscosity 832:846 lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight 832:882 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 5 5 from structure 1097:1105 arg1 monosaccharides 1189:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 6 theme bile 934:937 arg1 capacity 952:959 The bile acid-binding capacity 930:959 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP 930:989 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 6 theme bile 934:937 arg1 higher 1009:1014 higher 1009:1014 higher 1009:1014 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 6 7 from evidence 1244:1251 arg1 technology 1285:1294 the preparation technology 1269:1294 the preparation technology 1269:1294 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 6 7 from evidence 1244:1251 arg1 method 1302:1307 a method 1300:1307 a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides 1300:1378 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 0 8 theme structural 97:106 arg1 characterization 108:123 structural characterization 97:123 structural characterization 97:123 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 6 9 theme scientific 1233:1242 arg1 evidence 1244:1251 scientific evidence 1233:1251 scientific evidence 1233:1251 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 4 10 theme extracted 903:911 arg1 polysaccharides 913:927 other extracted polysaccharides 897:927 other extracted polysaccharides 897:927 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 6 11 theme present 1210:1216 arg1 study 1218:1222 The present study 1206:1222 The present study 1206:1222 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 5 12 theme assisted 969:976 arg1 LP 988:989 acid assisted extracted LP 964:989 acid assisted extracted LP 964:989 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 4 13 theme other 897:901 arg1 polysaccharides 913:927 other extracted polysaccharides 897:927 other extracted polysaccharides 897:927 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 5 14 from fucose 1173:1178 arg1 monosaccharides 1189:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 3 15 theme AFM 561:563 arg1 analysis 565:572 AFM analysis 561:572 AFM analysis 561:572 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 2 16 theme acid 537:540 arg1 composition 476:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 16 theme acid 537:540 arg1 content 496:502 the content 492:502 the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP 492:558 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 16 theme acid 537:540 arg1 yield 436:440 extraction yield 425:440 extraction yield 425:440 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 16 theme acid 537:540 arg1 weight 453:458 molecular weight 443:458 molecular weight 443:458 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 4 17 theme molecular 867:875 arg1 weight 877:882 their lower molecular weight 855:882 their lower molecular weight 855:882 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 2 18 theme molecular 443:451 arg1 weight 453:458 molecular weight 443:458 molecular weight 443:458 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 4 19 theme assisted 801:808 arg1 extraction 810:819 acid assisted extraction 796:819 acid assisted extraction 796:819 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 2 20 theme extraction 425:434 arg1 yield 436:440 extraction yield 425:440 extraction yield 425:440 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 21 theme uronic 530:535 arg1 acid 537:540 uronic acid 530:540 uronic acid 530:540 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 5 22 theme low 1130:1132 arg1 viscosity 1134:1142 low viscosity 1130:1142 low viscosity 1130:1142 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 4 23 theme lower 861:865 arg1 weight 877:882 their lower molecular weight 855:882 their lower molecular weight 855:882 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 4 24 theme acid 796:799 arg1 extraction 810:819 acid assisted extraction 796:819 acid assisted extraction 796:819 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 1 25 theme structural 176:185 arg1 characterization 187:202 structural characterization 176:202 structural characterization 176:202 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 0 26 theme comparison 2:11 arg1 study 13:17 A comparison study 0:17 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 0:155 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 0 27 theme different 78:86 arg1 methods 88:94 different methods 78:94 different methods 78:94 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 4 28 theme pressurized 759:769 arg1 extraction 781:790 pressurized hot water extraction 759:790 pressurized hot water extraction 759:790 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 5 29 theme uronic 1157:1162 arg1 acid 1164:1167 abundant uronic acid 1148:1167 abundant uronic acid 1148:1167 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 30 theme branched 1088:1095 arg1 structure 1097:1105 its highly branched structure 1077:1105 its highly branched structure 1077:1105 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 31 theme extracted 978:986 arg1 LP 988:989 acid assisted extracted LP 964:989 acid assisted extracted LP 964:989 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 2 32 theme significant 402:412 arg1 effects 414:420 significant effects 402:420 significant effects 402:420 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 33 theme monosaccharide 461:474 arg1 composition 476:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 0 34 theme acid-binding 134:145 arg1 capacity 147:154 bile acid-binding capacity 129:154 bile acid-binding capacity 129:154 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 4 35 theme water 775:779 arg1 extraction 781:790 pressurized hot water extraction 759:790 pressurized hot water extraction 759:790 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 1 36 dep characterization 187:202 arg1 the 172:174 the 172:174 the 172:174 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 1 37 theme bile 208:211 arg1 capacity 226:233 bile acid-binding capacity 208:233 bile acid-binding capacity 208:233 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 1 38 theme different 297:305 arg1 methods 318:324 seven different extraction methods 291:324 seven different extraction methods 291:324 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 0 39 theme bile 129:132 arg1 capacity 147:154 bile acid-binding capacity 129:154 bile acid-binding capacity 129:154 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 3 40 theme worm-like 665:673 arg1 chains 675:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 4 41 theme hot 771:773 arg1 extraction 781:790 pressurized hot water extraction 759:790 pressurized hot water extraction 759:790 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 1 42 theme acid-binding 213:224 arg1 capacity 226:233 bile acid-binding capacity 208:233 bile acid-binding capacity 208:233 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 2 43 theme neutral 507:513 arg1 sugar 515:519 neutral sugar 507:519 neutral sugar 507:519 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 1 44 theme extraction 307:316 arg1 methods 318:324 seven different extraction methods 291:324 seven different extraction methods 291:324 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 2 45 theme LP 557:558 arg1 composition 476:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 45 theme LP 557:558 arg1 content 496:502 the content 492:502 the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP 492:558 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 45 theme LP 557:558 arg1 yield 436:440 extraction yield 425:440 extraction yield 425:440 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 45 theme LP 557:558 arg1 weight 453:458 molecular weight 443:458 molecular weight 443:458 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 0 46 dep Laminaria 53:61 arg1 japonica 63:70 Laminaria japonica 53:70 Laminaria japonica 53:70 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 3 47 theme different 605:613 arg1 methods 615:621 different methods 605:621 different methods 605:621 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 5 48 from acid 1164:1167 arg1 monosaccharides 1189:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 6 49 theme polysaccharides 1364:1378 arg1 activities 1338:1347 hypolipidemic activities 1324:1347 hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides 1324:1378 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 3 50 theme flexible 652:659 arg1 chains 675:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 5 51 from weight 1122:1127 arg1 monosaccharides 1189:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 2 52 theme sulfate 546:552 arg1 composition 476:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 52 theme sulfate 546:552 arg1 content 496:502 the content 492:502 the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP 492:558 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 52 theme sulfate 546:552 arg1 yield 436:440 extraction yield 425:440 extraction yield 425:440 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 52 theme sulfate 546:552 arg1 weight 453:458 molecular weight 443:458 molecular weight 443:458 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 6 53 theme japonica 1355:1362 arg1 polysaccharides 1364:1378 L. japonica polysaccharides 1352:1378 L. japonica polysaccharides 1352:1378 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 5 54 theme molecular 1112:1120 arg1 weight 1122:1127 low molecular weight 1108:1127 low molecular weight 1108:1127 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 55 from viscosity 1134:1142 arg1 monosaccharides 1189:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 56 theme acid-binding 939:950 arg1 capacity 952:959 The bile acid-binding capacity 930:959 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP 930:989 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 56 theme acid-binding 939:950 arg1 higher 1009:1014 higher 1009:1014 higher 1009:1014 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 6 57 theme L. 1352:1353 arg1 polysaccharides 1364:1378 L. japonica polysaccharides 1352:1378 L. japonica polysaccharides 1352:1378 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 5 58 theme low 1108:1110 arg1 weight 1122:1127 low molecular weight 1108:1127 low molecular weight 1108:1127 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 6 59 from advances 1257:1264 arg1 technology 1285:1294 the preparation technology 1269:1294 the preparation technology 1269:1294 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 6 59 from advances 1257:1264 arg1 method 1302:1307 a method 1300:1307 a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides 1300:1378 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 5 60 theme total 1183:1187 arg1 monosaccharides 1189:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 total monosaccharides 1183:1203 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 61 theme LP 1027:1028 arg1 samples 1030:1036 other LP samples 1021:1036 other LP samples tested 1021:1043 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 3 62 theme different 641:649 arg1 chains 675:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 5 63 theme LP 988:989 arg1 capacity 952:959 The bile acid-binding capacity 930:959 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP 930:989 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 5 63 theme LP 988:989 arg1 higher 1009:1014 higher 1009:1014 higher 1009:1014 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 1 64 theme Laminaria 238:246 arg1 polysaccharides 257:271 Laminaria japonica polysaccharides 238:271 Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP) 238:276 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 1 64 theme Laminaria 238:246 arg1 LP 274:275 LP 274:275 LP 274:275 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 5 65 theme other 1021:1025 arg1 samples 1030:1036 other LP samples 1021:1036 other LP samples tested 1021:1043 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 0 66 dep study 13:17 arg1 capacity 147:154 bile acid-binding capacity 129:154 bile acid-binding capacity 129:154 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 0 66 dep study 13:17 arg1 characterization 108:123 structural characterization 97:123 structural characterization 97:123 A comparison study on polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using different methods: structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity. 28805835 5 67 theme acid 964:967 arg1 LP 988:989 acid assisted extracted LP 964:989 acid assisted extracted LP 964:989 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 1 68 theme japonica 248:255 arg1 polysaccharides 257:271 Laminaria japonica polysaccharides 238:271 Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP) 238:276 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 1 68 theme japonica 248:255 arg1 LP 274:275 LP 274:275 LP 274:275 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 6 69 theme preparation 1273:1283 arg1 technology 1285:1294 the preparation technology 1269:1294 the preparation technology 1269:1294 The present study provides scientific evidence and advances in the preparation technology and a method for evaluating hypolipidemic activities of L. japonica polysaccharides. 28805835 3 70 theme many 687:690 arg1 branches 692:699 many branches 687:699 many branches 687:699 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 4 71 theme lower 832:836 arg1 viscosity 838:846 lower viscosity 832:846 lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight 832:882 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 28805835 5 72 theme abundant 1148:1155 arg1 acid 1164:1167 abundant uronic acid 1148:1167 abundant uronic acid 1148:1167 The bile acid-binding capacity of acid assisted extracted LP was significantly higher than other LP samples tested, which was probably ascribed to its highly branched structure, low molecular weight, low viscosity and abundant uronic acid and fucose in total monosaccharides. 28805835 1 73 theme polysaccharides 257:271 arg1 characterization 187:202 structural characterization 176:202 structural characterization 176:202 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 1 73 theme polysaccharides 257:271 arg1 capacity 226:233 bile acid-binding capacity 208:233 bile acid-binding capacity 208:233 In this study, the structural characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LP), obtained by seven different extraction methods, were investigated. 28805835 2 74 theme fucose 522:527 arg1 composition 476:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 monosaccharide composition 461:486 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 74 theme fucose 522:527 arg1 content 496:502 the content 492:502 the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP 492:558 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 74 theme fucose 522:527 arg1 yield 436:440 extraction yield 425:440 extraction yield 425:440 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 2 74 theme fucose 522:527 arg1 weight 453:458 molecular weight 443:458 molecular weight 443:458 The results indicated that extraction methods exhibited significant effects on extraction yield, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and the content of neutral sugar, fucose, uronic acid and sulfate of LP. 28805835 3 75 theme certain 633:639 arg1 chains 675:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 certain different, flexible and worm-like chains 633:680 AFM analysis indicated that LP extracted by different methods exhibited certain different, flexible and worm-like chains with many branches. 28805835 4 76 theme Rheological 702:712 arg1 measurements 714:725 Rheological measurements 702:725 Rheological measurements 702:725 Rheological measurements showed that the LP, obtained by pressurized hot water extraction and acid assisted extraction, exhibited lower viscosity due to their lower molecular weight, compared to other extracted polysaccharides. 25553654 1 0 theme → 335:335 arg1 n 363:363 n = 3-20 363:370 n = 3-20 363:370 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 0 theme → 335:335 arg1 -β-D-fructofuranoside 340:360 1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside 333:360 structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) 260:371 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 2 1 theme 1F-fructofranosylnystose 588:611 arg1 % 688:688 5.81% 684:688 5.81% 684:688 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 2 1 theme 1F-fructofranosylnystose 588:611 arg1 contents 564:571 the contents 560:571 the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides 560:660 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 1 2 theme = 365:365 arg1 n 363:363 n = 3-20 363:370 n = 3-20 363:370 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 2 theme = 365:365 arg1 -β-D-fructofuranoside 340:360 1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside 333:360 structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) 260:371 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 4 3 theme inulin-type 931:941 arg1 polysaccharides 943:957 inulin-type polysaccharides 931:957 inulin-type polysaccharides 931:957 It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu. 25553654 1 4 dep -β-D-fructofuranosyl- 303:323 arg1 2 300:300 2 300:300 2 300:300 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 5 theme mass 429:432 arg1 spectrometry 434:445 electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry 405:445 electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry 405:445 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 6 theme → 298:298 arg1 α-D-glucopyranosyl-[- 274:294 α-D-glucopyranosyl-[- 274:294 α-D-glucopyranosyl-[- 274:294 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 6 theme → 298:298 arg1 -β-D-fructofuranosyl- 303:323 1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl- 296:323 1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl- 296:323 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 0 7 from Characterisation 0:15 arg1 Baizhu 42:47 Baizhu 42:47 Baizhu 42:47 Characterisation of oligosaccharides from Baizhu by HILIC-MS. 25553654 2 8 theme nystose 576:582 arg1 % 688:688 5.81% 684:688 5.81% 684:688 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 2 8 theme nystose 576:582 arg1 contents 564:571 the contents 560:571 the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides 560:660 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 1 9 theme spectrometry 434:445 arg1 application 390:400 a combinatory application 376:400 a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 376:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 3 10 theme spleen 826:831 arg1 transformation 844:857 spleen lymphocyte transformation 826:857 spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity 826:898 In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. 25553654 2 11 from contents 564:571 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 purified Baizhu polysaccharides 630:660 purified Baizhu polysaccharides 630:660 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 2 11 from contents 564:571 arg1 crude 620:624 crude 620:624 crude 620:624 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 2 12 theme Baizhu 639:644 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 purified Baizhu polysaccharides 630:660 purified Baizhu polysaccharides 630:660 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 1 13 theme monosaccharide 519:532 arg1 composition 534:544 monosaccharide composition 519:544 monosaccharide composition 519:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 4 14 theme first 915:919 arg1 time 921:924 the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu 911:1094 the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu 911:1094 It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu. 25553654 4 15 theme Baizhu 1089:1094 arg1 efficacy 1077:1084 the efficacy 1073:1084 the efficacy of Baizhu 1073:1094 It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu. 25553654 1 16 theme nuclear 448:454 arg1 resonance 465:473 nuclear magnetic resonance 448:473 nuclear magnetic resonance 448:473 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 17 theme composition 534:544 arg1 resonance 465:473 nuclear magnetic resonance 448:473 nuclear magnetic resonance 448:473 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 17 theme composition 534:544 arg1 analysis 507:514 the chemical analysis 494:514 the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 494:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 17 theme composition 534:544 arg1 spectrometry 434:445 electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry 405:445 electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry 405:445 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 17 theme composition 534:544 arg1 IR 479:480 IR 479:480 IR 479:480 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 18 theme magnetic 456:463 arg1 resonance 465:473 nuclear magnetic resonance 448:473 nuclear magnetic resonance 448:473 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 0 19 from Baizhu 42:47 arg1 oligosaccharides 20:35 oligosaccharides 20:35 oligosaccharides from Baizhu 20:47 Characterisation of oligosaccharides from Baizhu by HILIC-MS. 25553654 0 19 from Baizhu 42:47 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of oligosaccharides from Baizhu by HILIC-MS. 0:60 Characterisation of oligosaccharides from Baizhu by HILIC-MS. 25553654 1 20 theme resonance 465:473 arg1 application 390:400 a combinatory application 376:400 a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 376:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 21 with polysaccharides 239:253 arg1 structures 260:269 structures 260:269 structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) 260:371 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 22 theme IR 479:480 arg1 application 390:400 a combinatory application 376:400 a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 376:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 23 theme preparative 108:118 arg1 chromatography 151:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 108:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column 108:184 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 0 24 theme oligosaccharides 20:35 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of oligosaccharides from Baizhu by HILIC-MS. 0:60 Characterisation of oligosaccharides from Baizhu by HILIC-MS. 25553654 1 25 theme hydrophilic 120:130 arg1 chromatography 151:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 108:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column 108:184 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 3 26 theme organism 882:889 arg1 immunity 891:898 organism immunity 882:898 organism immunity 882:898 In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. 25553654 1 27 theme inulin-type 227:237 arg1 polysaccharides 239:253 inulin-type polysaccharides 227:253 inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) 227:371 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 27 theme inulin-type 227:237 arg1 components 194:203 its components 190:203 its components 190:203 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 3 28 theme immunity 891:898 arg1 enhancement 867:877 the enhancement 863:877 the enhancement of organism immunity 863:898 In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. 25553654 3 29 theme lymphocyte 833:842 arg1 transformation 844:857 spleen lymphocyte transformation 826:857 spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity 826:898 In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. 25553654 1 30 dep structures 260:269 arg1 n 363:363 n = 3-20 363:370 n = 3-20 363:370 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 30 dep structures 260:269 arg1 -β-D-fructofuranoside 340:360 1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside 333:360 structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) 260:371 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 2 31 theme purified 630:637 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 purified Baizhu polysaccharides 630:660 purified Baizhu polysaccharides 630:660 In addition, the contents of nystose and 1F-fructofranosylnystose in the crude and purified Baizhu polysaccharides were determined to be 5.81%, 4.92% and 0.70%, 0.84% (w/w), respectively. 25553654 1 32 theme interaction 132:142 arg1 chromatography 151:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 108:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column 108:184 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 33 dep -β-D-fructofuranoside 340:360 arg1 2 337:337 2 337:337 2 337:337 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 34 theme combinatory 378:388 arg1 application 390:400 a combinatory application 376:400 a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 376:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 35 theme liquid 144:149 arg1 chromatography 151:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 108:164 preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column 108:184 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 36 from chromatography 151:164 arg1 column 179:184 an XAmide column 169:184 an XAmide column 169:184 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 3 37 theme Baizhu 777:782 arg1 polysaccharides 784:798 the Baizhu polysaccharides 773:798 the Baizhu polysaccharides 773:798 In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. 25553654 3 38 theme MTT 748:750 arg1 assay 752:756 MTT assay 748:756 MTT assay 748:756 In addition, MTT assay indicated that the Baizhu polysaccharides could effectively promote spleen lymphocyte transformation for the enhancement of organism immunity. 25553654 1 39 theme electrospray-ionisation 405:427 arg1 spectrometry 434:445 electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry 405:445 electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry 405:445 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 40 theme chemical 498:505 arg1 analysis 507:514 the chemical analysis 494:514 the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 494:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 4 41 theme vigorous 1044:1051 arg1 which 1033:1037 which 1033:1037 which 1033:1037 It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu. 25553654 4 41 theme vigorous 1044:1051 arg1 evidence 1053:1060 a vigorous evidence 1042:1060 a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu 1042:1094 It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu. 25553654 1 42 theme α-D-glucopyranosyl-[- 274:294 arg1 structures 260:269 structures 260:269 structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) 260:371 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 4 43 theme immuno-enhancing 993:1008 arg1 activity 1010:1017 its immuno-enhancing activity 989:1017 its immuno-enhancing activity 989:1017 It is for the first time that inulin-type polysaccharides were discovered in Baizhu and its immuno-enhancing activity was reported, which is a vigorous evidence to explain the efficacy of Baizhu. 25553654 1 44 theme analysis 507:514 arg1 application 390:400 a combinatory application 376:400 a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition 376:544 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 45 theme XAmide 172:177 arg1 column 179:184 an XAmide column 169:184 an XAmide column 169:184 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 25553654 1 46 from Baizhu 83:88 arg1 Polysaccharides 62:76 Polysaccharides 62:76 Polysaccharides from Baizhu 62:88 Polysaccharides from Baizhu were separated by preparative hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on an XAmide column and its components were characterised as inulin-type polysaccharides with structures of α-D-glucopyranosyl-[-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranosyl-](n -1)-(1 → 2) -β-D-fructofuranoside (n = 3-20) by a combinatory application of electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR, as well as the chemical analysis of monosaccharide composition. 29044312 0 0 theme exopolysaccharide 75:91 arg1 production 27:36 production 27:36 production 27:36 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 0 0 theme exopolysaccharide 75:91 arg1 bioactivity 60:70 bioactivity 60:70 bioactivity 60:70 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 0 0 theme exopolysaccharide 75:91 arg1 characterization 39:54 characterization 39:54 characterization 39:54 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 1 1 theme vaninii 325:331 arg1 Ljup 333:336 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 315:336 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 315:336 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 7 2 theme activity 983:990 arg1 viewpoint 958:966 the viewpoint 954:966 the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose 954:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 7 3 from viewpoint 958:966 arg1 source 942:947 best carbon source 930:947 best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose 930:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 1 4 theme chemical 225:232 arg1 characterization 234:249 chemical characterization 225:249 chemical characterization 225:249 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 5 5 theme globular 758:765 arg1 form 773:776 nearly globular shape form 751:776 nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution 751:796 EPSs molecule exist as nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution. 29044312 1 6 theme carbon 159:164 arg1 source 166:171 different three carbon source 143:171 different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) 143:208 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 production 27:36 production 27:36 production 27:36 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 bioactivity 60:70 bioactivity 60:70 bioactivity 60:70 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 characterization 39:54 characterization 39:54 characterization 39:54 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 3 8 theme predominant 534:544 arg1 acid 605:608 gluconic acid 596:608 gluconic acid 596:608 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 3 8 theme predominant 534:544 arg1 compositions 559:570 The predominant carbohydrate compositions 530:570 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified 530:589 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 5 9 from form 773:776 arg1 solution 789:796 aqueous solution 781:796 aqueous solution 781:796 EPSs molecule exist as nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution. 29044312 6 10 theme radical 892:898 arg1 assay 911:915 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 874:915 assay 911:915 The variation also affects antioxidant activities by investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 29044312 1 11 theme antioxidant 255:265 arg1 activity 267:274 antioxidant activity 255:274 antioxidant activity 255:274 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 0 12 theme vaninii 115:121 arg1 Ljup 123:126 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 105:126 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 105:126 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 6 13 theme DPPH 887:890 arg1 assay 911:915 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 874:915 assay 911:915 The variation also affects antioxidant activities by investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 29044312 0 14 theme Phellinus 105:113 arg1 Ljup 123:126 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 105:126 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 105:126 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 7 15 dep weight 1076:1081 arg1 the 1044:1046 the 1044:1046 the 1044:1046 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 7 15 dep weight 1076:1081 arg1 EPS 1048:1050 EPS 1048:1050 EPS 1048:1050 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 7 16 theme carbon 935:940 arg1 source 942:947 best carbon source 930:947 best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose 930:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 2 17 theme carbon 378:383 arg1 sources 385:391 carbon sources 378:391 carbon sources examined 378:400 Amongst carbon sources examined, glucose and sucrose were favorable for the mycelia growth, while the maximum EPS yield was achieved when sucrose was employed. 29044312 6 18 theme hydroxyl 874:881 arg1 assay 911:915 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 874:915 assay 911:915 The variation also affects antioxidant activities by investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 29044312 1 19 from effect 133:138 arg1 production 213:222 production 213:222 production 213:222 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 19 from effect 133:138 arg1 characterization 234:249 chemical characterization 225:249 chemical characterization 225:249 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 19 from effect 133:138 arg1 source 166:171 different three carbon source 143:171 different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) 143:208 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 19 from effect 133:138 arg1 activity 267:274 antioxidant activity 255:274 antioxidant activity 255:274 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 3 20 theme carbohydrate 546:557 arg1 acid 605:608 gluconic acid 596:608 gluconic acid 596:608 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 3 20 theme carbohydrate 546:557 arg1 compositions 559:570 The predominant carbohydrate compositions 530:570 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified 530:589 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 0 21 theme source 17:22 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide 0:91 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 7 22 theme moderate 1057:1064 arg1 weight 1076:1081 moderate molecular weight 1057:1081 moderate molecular weight 1057:1081 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 7 23 theme best 930:933 arg1 source 942:947 best carbon source 930:947 best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose 930:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 0 24 theme carbon 10:15 arg1 source 17:22 carbon source 10:22 carbon source 10:22 Effect of carbon source on production, characterization and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup. 29044312 1 25 theme exopolysaccharide 279:295 arg1 production 213:222 production 213:222 production 213:222 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 25 theme exopolysaccharide 279:295 arg1 characterization 234:249 chemical characterization 225:249 chemical characterization 225:249 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 25 theme exopolysaccharide 279:295 arg1 activity 267:274 antioxidant activity 255:274 antioxidant activity 255:274 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 7 26 theme molecular 1066:1074 arg1 weight 1076:1081 moderate molecular weight 1057:1081 moderate molecular weight 1057:1081 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 1 27 dep different 143:151 arg1 three 153:157 three 153:157 three 153:157 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 3 28 dep acid 605:608 arg1 acid 642:645 acid 642:645 acid 642:645 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 5 29 theme shape 767:771 arg1 form 773:776 nearly globular shape form 751:776 nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution 751:796 EPSs molecule exist as nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution. 29044312 7 30 with source 942:947 arg1 polydispersity 1087:1100 polydispersity 1087:1100 polydispersity 1087:1100 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 7 30 with source 942:947 arg1 weight 1076:1081 moderate molecular weight 1057:1081 moderate molecular weight 1057:1081 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 1 31 dep glucose 179:185 arg1 i.e. 174:177 i.e. 174:177 i.e. 174:177 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 7 32 theme high 1014:1017 arg1 contents 1019:1026 the relatively high contents 999:1026 the relatively high contents of galactose 999:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 2 33 theme mycelia 446:452 arg1 growth 454:459 the mycelia growth 442:459 the mycelia growth 442:459 Amongst carbon sources examined, glucose and sucrose were favorable for the mycelia growth, while the maximum EPS yield was achieved when sucrose was employed. 29044312 5 34 dep EPSs 728:731 arg1 molecule 733:740 molecule 733:740 EPSs molecule 728:740 EPSs molecule exist as nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution. 29044312 1 35 dep source 166:171 arg1 fructose 188:195 fructose 188:195 fructose 188:195 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 35 dep source 166:171 arg1 glucose 179:185 glucose 179:185 glucose 179:185 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 1 35 dep source 166:171 arg1 sucrose 201:207 sucrose 201:207 sucrose 201:207 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 4 36 theme characteristic 697:710 arg1 groups 712:717 prominent characteristic groups 687:717 prominent characteristic groups in EPSs 687:725 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in EPSs. 29044312 5 37 theme aqueous 781:787 arg1 solution 789:796 aqueous solution 781:796 aqueous solution 781:796 EPSs molecule exist as nearly globular shape form in aqueous solution. 29044312 4 38 theme prominent 687:695 arg1 groups 712:717 prominent characteristic groups 687:717 prominent characteristic groups in EPSs 687:725 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in EPSs. 29044312 6 39 theme antioxidant 826:836 arg1 activities 838:847 antioxidant activities 826:847 antioxidant activities 826:847 The variation also affects antioxidant activities by investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 29044312 4 40 from groups 712:717 arg1 EPSs 722:725 EPSs 722:725 EPSs 722:725 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in EPSs. 29044312 7 41 theme galactose 1031:1039 arg1 contents 1019:1026 the relatively high contents 999:1026 the relatively high contents of galactose 999:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 7 42 theme due 992:994 arg1 activity 983:990 antioxidant activity 971:990 antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose 971:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 4 43 theme FT-IR 654:658 arg1 analysis 669:676 FT-IR spectral analysis 654:676 FT-IR spectral analysis 654:676 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in EPSs. 29044312 2 44 theme EPS 480:482 arg1 yield 484:488 the maximum EPS yield 468:488 the maximum EPS yield 468:488 Amongst carbon sources examined, glucose and sucrose were favorable for the mycelia growth, while the maximum EPS yield was achieved when sucrose was employed. 29044312 3 45 theme gluconic 596:603 arg1 acid 605:608 gluconic acid 596:608 gluconic acid 596:608 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 3 45 theme gluconic 596:603 arg1 compositions 559:570 The predominant carbohydrate compositions 530:570 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified 530:589 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 4 46 theme spectral 660:667 arg1 analysis 669:676 FT-IR spectral analysis 654:676 FT-IR spectral analysis 654:676 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in EPSs. 29044312 3 47 from compositions 559:570 arg1 EPSs 575:578 EPSs 575:578 EPSs identified 575:589 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were gluconic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose acid. 29044312 6 48 theme scavenging 900:909 arg1 assay 911:915 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 874:915 assay 911:915 The variation also affects antioxidant activities by investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 29044312 2 49 theme maximum 472:478 arg1 yield 484:488 the maximum EPS yield 468:488 the maximum EPS yield 468:488 Amongst carbon sources examined, glucose and sucrose were favorable for the mycelia growth, while the maximum EPS yield was achieved when sucrose was employed. 29044312 1 50 theme Phellinus 315:323 arg1 Ljup 333:336 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 315:336 Phellinus vaninii Ljup 315:336 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 29044312 7 51 theme antioxidant 971:981 arg1 activity 983:990 antioxidant activity 971:990 antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose 971:1039 Sucrose was best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high contents of galactose in the EPS with moderate molecular weight and polydispersity. 29044312 1 52 theme different 143:151 arg1 source 166:171 different three carbon source 143:171 different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) 143:208 The effect on different three carbon source (i.e. glucose, fructose and sucrose) on production, chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Phellinus vaninii Ljup was investigated in this study. 26005143 6 0 theme cells 987:991 arg1 anti-proliferation 948:965 anti-proliferation 948:965 anti-proliferation of IMR32 and Hep G2 cells 948:991 However, the hot-water extracts showed less effective in anti-proliferation of IMR32 and Hep G2 cells. 26005143 1 1 theme tsugae 184:189 arg1 forms 165:169 four forms 160:169 four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate 160:248 Polysaccharides were extracted by hot-water and hot-alkali from four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate. 26005143 6 2 theme G2 984:985 arg1 cells 987:991 IMR32 and Hep G2 cells 970:991 IMR32 and Hep G2 cells 970:991 However, the hot-water extracts showed less effective in anti-proliferation of IMR32 and Hep G2 cells. 26005143 3 3 theme infrared 532:539 arg1 spectra 541:547 their infrared spectra 526:547 their infrared spectra 526:547 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 5 4 theme hot-water 781:789 arg1 extracts 791:798 most hot-water extracts 776:798 most hot-water extracts 776:798 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 5 5 from effect 867:872 arg1 cells 884:888 Hep G2 cells 877:888 Hep G2 cells 877:888 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 3 6 theme molecular 445:453 arg1 Da 519:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 3 6 theme molecular 445:453 arg1 distributions 462:474 The molecular weight distributions 441:474 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides 441:493 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 6 7 theme Hep 980:982 arg1 G2 984:985 Hep G2 980:985 Hep G2 980:985 However, the hot-water extracts showed less effective in anti-proliferation of IMR32 and Hep G2 cells. 26005143 2 8 theme different 398:406 arg1 extractions 408:418 different extractions 398:418 different extractions 398:418 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 4 9 from effective 728:736 arg1 turn 718:721 turn 718:721 turn 718:721 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 4 10 theme IMR32 646:650 arg1 cells 652:656 IMR32 cells 646:656 IMR32 cells 646:656 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 4 11 theme hot-water 747:755 arg1 extracts 757:764 the hot-water extracts 743:764 the hot-water extracts 743:764 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 6 12 theme IMR32 970:974 arg1 cells 987:991 IMR32 and Hep G2 cells 970:991 IMR32 and Hep G2 cells 970:991 However, the hot-water extracts showed less effective in anti-proliferation of IMR32 and Hep G2 cells. 26005143 2 13 theme constituents 314:325 arg1 profiles 261:268 Different profiles 251:268 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents 251:347 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 3 14 theme polysaccharides 479:493 arg1 Da 519:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 3 14 theme polysaccharides 479:493 arg1 distributions 462:474 The molecular weight distributions 441:474 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides 441:493 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 3 15 theme weight 455:460 arg1 Da 519:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 3 15 theme weight 455:460 arg1 distributions 462:474 The molecular weight distributions 441:474 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides 441:493 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 2 16 theme monosaccharide 299:312 arg1 constituents 314:325 monosaccharide constituents 299:325 monosaccharide constituents 299:325 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 4 17 from turn 718:721 arg1 polysaccharides 687:701 the hot-water extracted polysaccharides 663:701 the hot-water extracted polysaccharides 663:701 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 4 17 from turn 718:721 arg1 effective 728:736 effective 728:736 effective 728:736 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 5 18 theme G2 881:882 arg1 cells 884:888 Hep G2 cells 877:888 Hep G2 cells 877:888 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 7 19 theme anti-tumor 1007:1016 arg1 effects 1018:1024 the anti-tumor effects 1003:1024 the anti-tumor effects 1003:1024 Based on the anti-tumor effects, both polysaccharides could be prepared for use in the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods. 26005143 1 20 theme baby 212:215 arg1 chih 222:225 baby Ling chih 212:225 baby Ling chih 212:225 Polysaccharides were extracted by hot-water and hot-alkali from four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate. 26005143 0 21 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 characteristics 9:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics and anti-proliferation activities of Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides. 26005143 2 22 theme different 424:432 arg1 forms 434:438 different forms 424:438 different forms 424:438 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 0 23 theme anti-proliferation 29:46 arg1 activities 48:57 anti-proliferation activities 29:57 anti-proliferation activities 29:57 Chemical characteristics and anti-proliferation activities of Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides. 26005143 2 24 located found 354:358 arg1 polysaccharides 377:391 the extracted polysaccharides 363:391 the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms 363:438 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 2 24 located found 354:358 arg2 profiles 261:268 Different profiles 251:268 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents 251:347 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 2 25 from extractions 408:418 arg1 polysaccharides 377:391 the extracted polysaccharides 363:391 the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms 363:438 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 2 26 theme contents 340:347 arg1 profiles 261:268 Different profiles 251:268 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents 251:347 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 3 27 theme -6.5×10 509:515 arg1 Da 519:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da 500:520 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 3 27 theme -6.5×10 509:515 arg1 distributions 462:474 The molecular weight distributions 441:474 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides 441:493 The molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides were 2.8×10(4)-6.5×10(5)Da and their infrared spectra were comparable. 26005143 4 28 theme better 617:622 arg1 anti-proliferation 624:641 better anti-proliferation 617:641 better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells 617:656 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 2 29 theme element 332:338 arg1 contents 340:347 element contents 332:347 element contents 332:347 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 5 30 theme anti-proliferation 848:865 arg1 effect 867:872 an anti-proliferation effect 845:872 an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells 845:888 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 7 31 theme foods 1126:1130 arg1 formulation 1081:1091 the formulation 1077:1091 the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods 1077:1130 Based on the anti-tumor effects, both polysaccharides could be prepared for use in the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods. 26005143 1 32 theme Ling 217:220 arg1 chih 222:225 baby Ling chih 212:225 baby Ling chih 212:225 Polysaccharides were extracted by hot-water and hot-alkali from four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate. 26005143 5 33 theme most 776:779 arg1 extracts 791:798 most hot-water extracts 776:798 most hot-water extracts 776:798 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 2 34 theme Different 251:259 arg1 profiles 261:268 Different profiles 251:268 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents 251:347 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 2 35 from forms 434:438 arg1 polysaccharides 377:391 the extracted polysaccharides 363:391 the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms 363:438 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 4 36 from anti-proliferation 624:641 arg1 cells 652:656 IMR32 cells 646:656 IMR32 cells 646:656 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 0 37 theme tsugae 72:77 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides 62:93 Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides 62:93 Chemical characteristics and anti-proliferation activities of Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides. 26005143 5 38 theme Hep 877:879 arg1 cells 884:888 Hep G2 cells 877:888 Hep G2 cells 877:888 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 4 39 theme extracted 581:589 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides 566:605 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides 566:605 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 0 40 theme Ganoderma 62:70 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides 62:93 Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides 62:93 Chemical characteristics and anti-proliferation activities of Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides. 26005143 4 41 theme hot-alkali 570:579 arg1 polysaccharides 591:605 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides 566:605 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides 566:605 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 7 42 theme functional 1115:1124 arg1 foods 1126:1130 functional foods 1115:1130 functional foods 1115:1130 Based on the anti-tumor effects, both polysaccharides could be prepared for use in the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods. 26005143 2 43 theme extracted 367:375 arg1 polysaccharides 377:391 the extracted polysaccharides 363:391 the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms 363:438 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 6 44 theme hot-water 904:912 arg1 extracts 914:921 the hot-water extracts 900:921 the hot-water extracts 900:921 However, the hot-water extracts showed less effective in anti-proliferation of IMR32 and Hep G2 cells. 26005143 7 45 theme nutraceuticals 1096:1109 arg1 formulation 1081:1091 the formulation 1077:1091 the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods 1077:1130 Based on the anti-tumor effects, both polysaccharides could be prepared for use in the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods. 26005143 2 46 theme composition 283:293 arg1 profiles 261:268 Different profiles 251:268 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents 251:347 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 5 47 theme extracted 809:817 arg1 polysaccharides 819:833 both extracted polysaccharides 804:833 both extracted polysaccharides 804:833 Besides, most hot-water extracts and both extracted polysaccharides exhibited an anti-proliferation effect on Hep G2 cells. 26005143 2 48 theme proximate 273:281 arg1 composition 283:293 proximate composition 273:293 proximate composition 273:293 Different profiles of proximate composition and monosaccharide constituents, and element contents were found in the extracted polysaccharides from different extractions and different forms. 26005143 7 49 from use 1070:1072 arg1 formulation 1081:1091 the formulation 1077:1091 the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods 1077:1130 Based on the anti-tumor effects, both polysaccharides could be prepared for use in the formulation of nutraceuticals and functional foods. 26005143 4 50 theme extracted 677:685 arg1 polysaccharides 687:701 the hot-water extracted polysaccharides 663:701 the hot-water extracted polysaccharides 663:701 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 4 50 theme extracted 677:685 arg1 effective 728:736 effective 728:736 effective 728:736 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 0 51 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 characteristics 9:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics 0:23 Chemical characteristics and anti-proliferation activities of Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides. 26005143 0 51 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 activities 48:57 anti-proliferation activities 29:57 anti-proliferation activities 29:57 Chemical characteristics and anti-proliferation activities of Ganoderma tsugae polysaccharides. 26005143 1 52 theme Ganoderma 174:182 arg1 mature 201:206 mature 201:206 mature 201:206 Polysaccharides were extracted by hot-water and hot-alkali from four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate. 26005143 1 52 theme Ganoderma 174:182 arg1 tsugae 184:189 Ganoderma tsugae 174:189 Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate 174:248 Polysaccharides were extracted by hot-water and hot-alkali from four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate. 26005143 1 52 theme Ganoderma 174:182 arg1 chih 222:225 baby Ling chih 212:225 baby Ling chih 212:225 Polysaccharides were extracted by hot-water and hot-alkali from four forms of Ganoderma tsugae including mature and baby Ling chih, mycelium and filtrate. 26005143 4 53 theme hot-water 667:675 arg1 polysaccharides 687:701 the hot-water extracted polysaccharides 663:701 the hot-water extracted polysaccharides 663:701 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 26005143 4 53 theme hot-water 667:675 arg1 effective 728:736 effective 728:736 effective 728:736 The hot-alkali extracted polysaccharides exhibited better anti-proliferation on IMR32 cells than the hot-water extracted polysaccharides, which were in turn more effective than the hot-water extracts. 29036637 1 0 theme plant 261:265 arg1 aspects 229:235 many aspects 224:235 many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning 224:277 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 2 1 theme polysaccharides 482:496 arg1 organization 462:473 organization 462:473 organization 462:473 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 2 1 theme polysaccharides 482:496 arg1 composition 446:456 composition 446:456 composition 446:456 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 5 2 theme tissue 1113:1118 arg1 properties 1086:1095 the viscoelastic mechanical properties 1058:1095 the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue 1058:1118 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 5 3 theme crystalline 950:960 arg1 cellulose 962:970 crystalline cellulose 950:970 crystalline cellulose 950:970 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 0 4 theme parenchyma 94:103 arg1 tissue 105:110 apple parenchyma tissue 88:110 apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes 88:134 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 3 5 theme selected 702:709 arg1 sets 711:714 selected sets 702:714 selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 702:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 5 theme selected 702:709 arg1 enzymes 728:734 purified enzymes 719:734 purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 719:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 5 6 theme fucosylated 977:987 arg1 xyloglucan 989:998 fucosylated xyloglucan 977:998 fucosylated xyloglucan 977:998 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 2 7 from water 326:330 arg1 vacuole 344:350 cellular vacuole 335:350 cellular vacuole 335:350 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 0 8 theme apple 88:92 arg1 tissue 105:110 apple parenchyma tissue 88:110 apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes 88:134 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 4 9 theme targeted 879:886 arg1 polysaccharides 888:902 all the targeted polysaccharides 871:902 all the targeted polysaccharides 871:902 The results showed that tissue elasticity and viscosity were related, and controlled to variable extents by all the targeted polysaccharides. 29036637 4 10 theme variable 851:858 arg1 extents 860:866 variable extents 851:866 variable extents 851:866 The results showed that tissue elasticity and viscosity were related, and controlled to variable extents by all the targeted polysaccharides. 29036637 4 11 theme tissue 787:792 arg1 elasticity 794:803 tissue elasticity 787:803 tissue elasticity 787:803 The results showed that tissue elasticity and viscosity were related, and controlled to variable extents by all the targeted polysaccharides. 29036637 1 12 theme water-rich 179:188 arg1 tissues 196:202 water-rich plant tissues 179:202 water-rich plant tissues 179:202 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 0 13 theme tissue 105:110 arg1 properties 74:83 the mechanical properties 59:83 the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes 59:134 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 3 14 theme purified 719:726 arg1 enzymes 728:734 purified enzymes 719:734 purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 719:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 15 from osmoticum 752:760 arg1 sets 711:714 selected sets 702:714 selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 702:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 15 from osmoticum 752:760 arg1 enzymes 728:734 purified enzymes 719:734 purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 719:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 16 theme viscoelastic 540:551 arg1 properties 553:562 the viscoelastic properties 536:562 the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin 536:617 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 1 17 theme plant 190:194 arg1 tissues 196:202 water-rich plant tissues 179:202 water-rich plant tissues 179:202 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 3 18 theme enzymes 728:734 arg1 sets 711:714 selected sets 702:714 selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 702:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 18 theme enzymes 728:734 arg1 enzymes 728:734 purified enzymes 719:734 purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum 719:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 2 19 dep composition 446:456 arg1 the 442:444 the 442:444 the 442:444 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 3 20 theme parenchyma 580:589 arg1 tissue 591:596 apple cortex parenchyma tissue 567:596 apple cortex parenchyma tissue 567:596 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 1 21 theme tissues 196:202 arg1 properties 165:174 The viscoelastic mechanical properties 137:174 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues 137:202 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 1 21 theme tissues 196:202 arg1 fundamental 208:218 fundamental 208:218 fundamental 208:218 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 3 22 from enzymes 728:734 arg1 osmoticum 752:760 a controlled osmoticum 739:760 a controlled osmoticum 739:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 23 theme tissue 591:596 arg1 properties 553:562 the viscoelastic properties 536:562 the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin 536:617 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 23 theme tissue 591:596 arg1 hemicelluloses 620:633 hemicelluloses 620:633 hemicelluloses 620:633 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 23 theme tissue 591:596 arg1 structures 650:659 cellulose structures 640:659 cellulose structures 640:659 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 24 theme cell 602:605 arg1 pectin 612:617 cell wall pectin 602:617 cell wall pectin 602:617 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 25 theme apple 567:571 arg1 tissue 591:596 apple cortex parenchyma tissue 567:596 apple cortex parenchyma tissue 567:596 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 26 theme controlled 741:750 arg1 osmoticum 752:760 a controlled osmoticum 739:760 a controlled osmoticum 739:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 0 27 theme exogenous 118:126 arg1 enzymes 128:134 exogenous enzymes 118:134 exogenous enzymes 118:134 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 5 28 theme apple 1100:1104 arg1 tissue 1113:1118 apple cortex tissue 1100:1118 apple cortex tissue 1100:1118 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 3 29 theme cortex 573:578 arg1 tissue 591:596 apple cortex parenchyma tissue 567:596 apple cortex parenchyma tissue 567:596 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 0 30 theme wall 35:38 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 cell wall polysaccharides 30:54 cell wall polysaccharides 30:54 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 5 31 theme cortex 1106:1111 arg1 tissue 1113:1118 apple cortex tissue 1100:1118 apple cortex tissue 1100:1118 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 3 32 theme wall 607:610 arg1 pectin 612:617 cell wall pectin 602:617 cell wall pectin 602:617 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 1 33 theme many 224:227 arg1 aspects 229:235 many aspects 224:235 many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning 224:277 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 2 34 theme wall 404:407 arg1 latter 414:419 latter 414:419 latter 414:419 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 2 34 theme wall 404:407 arg1 properties 381:390 the mechanical properties 366:390 the mechanical properties of the cell wall 366:407 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 0 35 theme cell 30:33 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 cell wall polysaccharides 30:54 cell wall polysaccharides 30:54 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 3 36 theme cellulose 640:648 arg1 structures 650:659 cellulose structures 640:659 cellulose structures 640:659 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 37 theme pectin 612:617 arg1 properties 553:562 the viscoelastic properties 536:562 the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin 536:617 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 37 theme pectin 612:617 arg1 hemicelluloses 620:633 hemicelluloses 620:633 hemicelluloses 620:633 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 37 theme pectin 612:617 arg1 structures 650:659 cellulose structures 640:659 cellulose structures 640:659 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 3 38 from sets 711:714 arg1 osmoticum 752:760 a controlled osmoticum 739:760 a controlled osmoticum 739:760 In this study, relationships between the viscoelastic properties of apple cortex parenchyma tissue and cell wall pectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose structures were studied by infusing the tissue with selected sets of purified enzymes in a controlled osmoticum. 29036637 5 39 theme pectic 917:922 arg1 domains 941:947 pectic homogalacturonan domains 917:947 pectic homogalacturonan domains 917:947 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 0 40 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 contribution 14:25 the contribution 10:25 the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes 10:134 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 5 41 theme viscoelastic 1062:1073 arg1 properties 1086:1095 the viscoelastic mechanical properties 1058:1095 the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue 1058:1118 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 1 42 theme mechanical 154:163 arg1 properties 165:174 The viscoelastic mechanical properties 137:174 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues 137:202 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 1 42 theme mechanical 154:163 arg1 fundamental 208:218 fundamental 208:218 fundamental 208:218 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 5 43 theme homogalacturonan 924:939 arg1 domains 941:947 pectic homogalacturonan domains 917:947 pectic homogalacturonan domains 917:947 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 5 44 theme mechanical 1075:1084 arg1 properties 1086:1095 the viscoelastic mechanical properties 1058:1095 the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue 1058:1118 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 2 45 theme cellular 335:342 arg1 vacuole 344:350 cellular vacuole 335:350 cellular vacuole 335:350 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 1 46 theme organ 240:244 arg1 physiology 246:255 organ physiology 240:255 organ physiology 240:255 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 0 47 theme mechanical 63:72 arg1 properties 74:83 the mechanical properties 59:83 the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes 59:134 Examining the contribution of cell wall polysaccharides to the mechanical properties of apple parenchyma tissue using exogenous enzymes. 29036637 1 48 theme viscoelastic 141:152 arg1 properties 165:174 The viscoelastic mechanical properties 137:174 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues 137:202 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 1 48 theme viscoelastic 141:152 arg1 fundamental 208:218 fundamental 208:218 fundamental 208:218 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 2 49 theme cell 399:402 arg1 wall 404:407 the cell wall 395:407 the cell wall 395:407 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 1 50 theme physiology 246:255 arg1 aspects 229:235 many aspects 224:235 many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning 224:277 The viscoelastic mechanical properties of water-rich plant tissues are fundamental for many aspects of organ physiology and plant functioning. 29036637 5 51 gly fucosylated 977:987 arg1 xyloglucan 989:998 fucosylated xyloglucan 977:998 fucosylated xyloglucan 977:998 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 5 52 theme prime 1026:1030 arg1 importance 1032:1041 prime importance 1026:1041 prime importance 1026:1041 Among them, pectic homogalacturonan domains, crystalline cellulose, and fucosylated xyloglucan were revealed as being of prime importance in determining the viscoelastic mechanical properties of apple cortex tissue. 29036637 2 53 theme mechanical 370:379 arg1 latter 414:419 latter 414:419 latter 414:419 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 29036637 2 53 theme mechanical 370:379 arg1 properties 381:390 the mechanical properties 366:390 the mechanical properties of the cell wall 366:407 These properties are determined partly by the water in cellular vacuole and partly by the mechanical properties of the cell wall, the latter varying according to the composition and organization of its polysaccharides. 24708953 5 0 theme bacterial 849:857 arg1 infection 859:867 bacterial infection 849:867 bacterial infection 849:867 Moreover, vancomycin-loaded hydrogels were formed in situ, and could kill both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that the hydrogel as a wound dressing could provide protection against bacterial infection. 24708953 5 1 theme Gram-positive 716:728 arg1 bacteria 730:737 Gram-positive bacteria 716:737 Gram-positive bacteria 716:737 Moreover, vancomycin-loaded hydrogels were formed in situ, and could kill both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that the hydrogel as a wound dressing could provide protection against bacterial infection. 24708953 1 2 theme polyethylene 164:175 arg1 glycol 177:182 polyethylene glycol 164:182 polyethylene glycol which is non-natural, non-biodegradable and only terminal-functionalizable 164:257 Many synthetic hydrogels for drug delivery have been based on polyethylene glycol which is non-natural, non-biodegradable and only terminal-functionalizable. 24708953 0 3 link cross-linked 8:19 arg1 hydrogel 36:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel 0:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix 0:67 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix mimics for antibiotics delivery. 24708953 7 4 theme biomimetic 958:967 arg1 hydrogels 984:992 the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels 954:992 the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier 954:1015 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 24708953 5 5 theme wound 801:805 arg1 dressing 807:814 a wound dressing 799:814 a wound dressing 799:814 Moreover, vancomycin-loaded hydrogels were formed in situ, and could kill both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that the hydrogel as a wound dressing could provide protection against bacterial infection. 24708953 6 6 theme drug 883:886 arg1 release 888:894 the drug release 879:894 the drug release 879:894 Notably, the drug release was controlled via modifying the compositions. 24708953 4 7 contain have 580:583 arg2 swelling 590:597 good swelling 585:597 good swelling 585:597 The hydrogels have good swelling and cytocompatibility against NIH3T3. 24708953 4 7 contain have 580:583 arg2 cytocompatibility 603:619 cytocompatibility 603:619 cytocompatibility 603:619 The hydrogels have good swelling and cytocompatibility against NIH3T3. 24708953 4 7 contain have 580:583 arg1 hydrogels 570:578 The hydrogels 566:578 The hydrogels 566:578 The hydrogels have good swelling and cytocompatibility against NIH3T3. 24708953 7 8 contain have 1017:1020 arg1 hydrogels 984:992 the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels 954:992 the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier 954:1015 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 24708953 7 8 contain have 1017:1020 arg2 application 1032:1042 potential application 1022:1042 potential application for wound healing 1022:1060 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 24708953 3 9 dep addition 547:554 arg1 reaction 556:563 reaction 556:563 the Michael addition reaction 535:563 Here, a biomimetic hydrogel based on chitosan and dextran was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction. 24708953 7 10 theme wound 1048:1052 arg1 healing 1054:1060 wound healing 1048:1060 wound healing 1048:1060 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 24708953 2 11 theme matrix 431:436 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 438:455 the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans 406:455 the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans 406:455 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan not only are highly hydrophilic, biodegradable and pendant-functionalizable, but also more closely mimic the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. 24708953 0 12 theme In 0:1 arg1 hydrogel 36:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel 0:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix 0:67 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix mimics for antibiotics delivery. 24708953 5 13 theme vancomycin-loaded 647:663 arg1 hydrogels 665:673 vancomycin-loaded hydrogels 647:673 vancomycin-loaded hydrogels 647:673 Moreover, vancomycin-loaded hydrogels were formed in situ, and could kill both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that the hydrogel as a wound dressing could provide protection against bacterial infection. 24708953 1 14 theme Many 102:105 arg1 hydrogels 117:125 Many synthetic hydrogels 102:125 Many synthetic hydrogels for drug delivery 102:143 Many synthetic hydrogels for drug delivery have been based on polyethylene glycol which is non-natural, non-biodegradable and only terminal-functionalizable. 24708953 2 15 theme extracellular 417:429 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 438:455 the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans 406:455 the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans 406:455 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan not only are highly hydrophilic, biodegradable and pendant-functionalizable, but also more closely mimic the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. 24708953 0 16 theme polysaccharide 21:34 arg1 hydrogel 36:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel 0:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix 0:67 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix mimics for antibiotics delivery. 24708953 7 17 theme potential 1022:1030 arg1 application 1032:1042 potential application 1022:1042 potential application for wound healing 1022:1060 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 24708953 1 18 theme synthetic 107:115 arg1 hydrogels 117:125 Many synthetic hydrogels 102:125 Many synthetic hydrogels for drug delivery 102:143 Many synthetic hydrogels for drug delivery have been based on polyethylene glycol which is non-natural, non-biodegradable and only terminal-functionalizable. 24708953 0 19 theme cross-linked 8:19 arg1 hydrogel 36:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel 0:43 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix 0:67 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix mimics for antibiotics delivery. 24708953 2 20 dep polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 polysaccharides 264:278 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan 260:299 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan 260:299 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan not only are highly hydrophilic, biodegradable and pendant-functionalizable, but also more closely mimic the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. 24708953 2 20 dep polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 chitosan 292:299 chitosan 292:299 chitosan 292:299 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan not only are highly hydrophilic, biodegradable and pendant-functionalizable, but also more closely mimic the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. 24708953 2 20 dep polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 dextran 280:286 dextran 280:286 dextran 280:286 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan not only are highly hydrophilic, biodegradable and pendant-functionalizable, but also more closely mimic the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. 24708953 3 21 theme biomimetic 466:475 arg1 hydrogel 477:484 a biomimetic hydrogel 464:484 a biomimetic hydrogel based on chitosan and dextran 464:514 Here, a biomimetic hydrogel based on chitosan and dextran was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction. 24708953 4 22 theme good 585:588 arg1 swelling 590:597 good swelling 585:597 good swelling 585:597 The hydrogels have good swelling and cytocompatibility against NIH3T3. 24708953 5 23 theme Gram-negative 743:755 arg1 bacteria 757:764 Gram-negative bacteria 743:764 Gram-negative bacteria 743:764 Moreover, vancomycin-loaded hydrogels were formed in situ, and could kill both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, indicating that the hydrogel as a wound dressing could provide protection against bacterial infection. 24708953 3 24 theme Michael 539:545 arg1 addition 547:554 the Michael addition reaction 535:563 the Michael addition reaction 535:563 Here, a biomimetic hydrogel based on chitosan and dextran was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction. 24708953 0 25 theme extracellular 48:60 arg1 matrix 62:67 extracellular matrix 48:67 extracellular matrix 48:67 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix mimics for antibiotics delivery. 24708953 1 26 theme drug 131:134 arg1 delivery 136:143 drug delivery 131:143 drug delivery 131:143 Many synthetic hydrogels for drug delivery have been based on polyethylene glycol which is non-natural, non-biodegradable and only terminal-functionalizable. 24708953 7 27 theme promising 999:1007 arg1 carrier 1009:1015 a promising carrier 997:1015 a promising carrier 997:1015 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 24708953 2 28 theme nature 410:415 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 438:455 the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans 406:455 the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans 406:455 The polysaccharides dextran and chitosan not only are highly hydrophilic, biodegradable and pendant-functionalizable, but also more closely mimic the nature extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. 24708953 0 29 dep In 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 In situ cross-linked polysaccharide hydrogel as extracellular matrix mimics for antibiotics delivery. 24708953 7 30 theme polysaccharide 969:982 arg1 hydrogels 984:992 the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels 954:992 the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier 954:1015 Therefore, the biomimetic polysaccharide hydrogels as a promising carrier have potential application for wound healing. 26253764 0 0 theme functions 74:82 arg1 enhancement 50:60 enhancement 50:60 enhancement of effector functions 50:82 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions. 26253764 0 1 theme effector 65:72 arg1 functions 74:82 effector functions 65:82 effector functions 65:82 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions. 26253764 3 2 theme effective 491:499 arg1 method 501:506 an effective method 488:506 an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform 488:568 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 2 3 from interaction 312:322 arg1 cells 372:376 immune cells 365:376 immune cells 365:376 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 2 4 theme effector-mediated 271:287 arg1 activities 289:298 effector-mediated activities 271:298 effector-mediated activities 271:298 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 4 5 theme common 692:697 arg1 structure 713:721 a common and optimized structure 690:721 a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities 690:858 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 5 theme common 692:697 arg1 structure 629:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure 604:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 604:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 6 theme cytotoxicity 779:790 arg1 cytotoxicity 814:825 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 793:825 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 793:825 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 6 theme cytotoxicity 779:790 arg1 enhancement 731:741 the enhancement 727:741 the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 727:790 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 6 theme cytotoxicity 779:790 arg1 activities 849:858 antiinflammatory activities 832:858 antiinflammatory activities 832:858 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 1 7 theme infection 167:175 arg1 treatment 146:154 the treatment 142:154 the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation 142:193 Antibodies have been developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation. 26253764 1 8 theme cancer 159:164 arg1 treatment 146:154 the treatment 142:154 the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation 142:193 Antibodies have been developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation. 26253764 4 9 theme cell-mediated 765:777 arg1 cytotoxicity 779:790 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 746:790 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 746:790 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 3 10 theme individual 425:434 arg1 antibodies 436:445 individual antibodies 425:445 individual antibodies with desired activity 425:467 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 0 11 theme common 2:7 arg1 structure 16:24 A common glycan structure 0:24 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions 0:82 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions. 26253764 3 12 theme homogeneous 548:558 arg1 glycoform 560:568 a homogeneous glycoform 546:568 a homogeneous glycoform 546:568 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 3 13 theme glycan 403:408 arg1 structures 410:419 the optimal glycan structures 391:419 the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity 391:467 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 2 14 from receptors 352:360 arg1 cells 372:376 immune cells 365:376 immune cells 365:376 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 4 15 theme antibody-dependent 746:763 arg1 cytotoxicity 779:790 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 746:790 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 746:790 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 3 16 with antibodies 436:445 arg1 activity 460:467 desired activity 452:467 desired activity 452:467 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 2 17 theme immune 365:370 arg1 cells 372:376 immune cells 365:376 immune cells 365:376 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 3 18 theme desired 452:458 arg1 activity 460:467 desired activity 452:467 desired activity 452:467 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 0 19 theme glycan 9:14 arg1 structure 16:24 A common glycan structure 0:24 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions 0:82 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions. 26253764 4 20 link alpha-2,6-linked 657:672 arg1 acids 681:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 1 21 theme inflammation 182:193 arg1 treatment 146:154 the treatment 142:154 the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation 142:193 Antibodies have been developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation. 26253764 0 22 theme immunoglobulin 29:42 arg1 G 44:44 immunoglobulin G 29:44 immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions 29:82 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions. 26253764 4 23 theme terminal 648:655 arg1 acids 681:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 24 theme antiinflammatory 832:847 arg1 activities 849:858 antiinflammatory activities 832:858 antiinflammatory activities 832:858 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 25 theme N-glycan 620:627 arg1 structure 713:721 a common and optimized structure 690:721 a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities 690:858 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 25 theme N-glycan 620:627 arg1 structure 629:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure 604:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 604:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 3 26 theme optimal 395:401 arg1 structures 410:419 the optimal glycan structures 391:419 the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity 391:467 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 2 27 theme binding 211:217 arg1 activity 219:226 binding activity 211:226 binding activity toward the target 211:244 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 4 28 theme biantennary 608:618 arg1 structure 713:721 a common and optimized structure 690:721 a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities 690:858 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 28 theme biantennary 608:618 arg1 structure 629:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure 604:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 604:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 29 with structure 629:637 arg1 acids 681:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 2 30 theme glycan 334:339 arg1 receptors 352:360 the Fc receptors 345:360 the Fc receptors on immune cells 345:376 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 2 30 theme glycan 334:339 arg1 interaction 312:322 the interaction 308:322 the interaction of the Fc glycan 308:339 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 4 31 located found 593:597 arg2 it 586:587 it 586:587 it 586:587 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 31 located found 593:597 arg1 study 579:583 this study 574:583 this study 574:583 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 2 32 theme Fc 331:332 arg1 glycan 334:339 the Fc glycan 327:339 the Fc glycan 327:339 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 26253764 4 33 theme complement-dependent 793:812 arg1 cytotoxicity 814:825 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 793:825 complement-dependent cytotoxicity 793:825 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 1 34 theme therapeutic 119:129 arg1 Antibodies 85:94 Antibodies 85:94 Antibodies 85:94 Antibodies have been developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation. 26253764 1 34 theme therapeutic 119:129 arg1 agents 131:136 therapeutic agents 119:136 therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation 119:193 Antibodies have been developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer, infection, and inflammation. 26253764 3 35 theme Fc-glycan 522:530 arg1 structures 532:541 the Fc-glycan structures 518:541 the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform 518:568 To identify the optimal glycan structures for individual antibodies with desired activity, we have developed an effective method to modify the Fc-glycan structures to a homogeneous glycoform. 26253764 4 36 theme alpha-2,6-linked 657:672 arg1 acids 681:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 37 theme optimized 703:711 arg1 structure 713:721 a common and optimized structure 690:721 a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities 690:858 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 37 theme optimized 703:711 arg1 structure 629:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure 604:637 the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 604:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 4 38 theme sialic 674:679 arg1 acids 681:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids 644:685 In this study, it was found that the biantennary N-glycan structure with two terminal alpha-2,6-linked sialic acids is a common and optimized structure for the enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and antiinflammatory activities. 26253764 0 39 from structure 16:24 arg1 G 44:44 immunoglobulin G 29:44 immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions 29:82 A common glycan structure on immunoglobulin G for enhancement of effector functions. 26253764 2 40 theme Fc 349:350 arg1 receptors 352:360 the Fc receptors 345:360 the Fc receptors on immune cells 345:376 In addition to binding activity toward the target, antibodies also exhibit effector-mediated activities through the interaction of the Fc glycan and the Fc receptors on immune cells. 28359818 0 0 theme controlled 104:113 arg1 environments 126:137 controlled deposition environments 104:137 controlled deposition environments 104:137 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 5 1 dep capacity 688:695 arg1 The 676:678 The 676:678 The 676:678 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 8 2 dep morphologies 1148:1159 arg1 porous 1162:1167 porous 1162:1167 porous 1162:1167 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 8 2 dep morphologies 1148:1159 arg1 crinkled 1173:1180 crinkled 1173:1180 crinkled 1173:1180 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 6 3 dep concentration 871:883 arg1 CaCl2 854:858 CaCl2 854:858 CaCl2 854:858 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 6 3 dep concentration 871:883 arg1 % 868:868 1-20w/v% 861:868 1-20w/v% 861:868 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 3 4 theme GLP 363:365 arg1 structure 367:375 GLP structure 363:375 GLP structure (and therefore function) 363:400 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 3 4 theme GLP 363:365 arg1 function 392:399 function 392:399 function 392:399 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 5 5 theme different 771:779 arg1 temperatures 781:792 different temperatures 771:792 different temperatures 771:792 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 3 6 dep in 403:404 arg1 situ 406:409 situ 406:409 situ 406:409 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 8 7 theme variable 1131:1138 arg1 morphologies 1148:1159 variable surface morphologies 1131:1159 variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled) 1131:1181 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 1 8 theme functional 184:193 arg1 source 200:205 a functional food source 182:205 a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine 182:239 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 1 8 theme functional 184:193 arg1 polysaccharide 158:171 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 140:171 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) 140:177 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 6 9 theme collection 832:841 arg1 concentration 871:883 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration 828:883 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration 828:883 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 4 10 theme NaAlg 578:582 arg1 micro-particles 585:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles 550:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) 550:622 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 4 10 theme NaAlg 578:582 arg1 range 607:611 size range 225-355μm 602:621 size range 225-355μm 602:621 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 11 11 theme GLP 1518:1520 arg1 Release 1507:1513 Release 1507:1513 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads 1507:1537 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 11 11 theme GLP 1518:1520 arg1 greatest 1547:1554 greatest 1547:1554 greatest 1547:1554 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 2 12 theme environmental 318:330 arg1 damage 332:337 oxidative and acidic environmental damage 297:337 oxidative and acidic environmental damage 297:337 However, applications utilizing GLP are limited due to oxidative and acidic environmental damage. 28359818 12 13 theme facile 1647:1652 arg1 route 1654:1658 a facile route 1645:1658 a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process 1645:1800 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 0 14 theme deposition 115:124 arg1 environments 126:137 controlled deposition environments 104:137 controlled deposition environments 104:137 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 8 15 dep material 1237:1244 arg1 NaAlg 1255:1259 NaAlg 1255:1259 NaAlg 1255:1259 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 8 15 dep material 1237:1244 arg1 GLP 1247:1249 GLP 1247:1249 GLP 1247:1249 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 10 16 theme GLP 1348:1350 arg1 release 1337:1343 Modest release 1330:1343 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) 1330:1408 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 2 17 theme acidic 311:316 arg1 damage 332:337 oxidative and acidic environmental damage 297:337 oxidative and acidic environmental damage 297:337 However, applications utilizing GLP are limited due to oxidative and acidic environmental damage. 28359818 8 18 theme surface 1140:1146 arg1 morphologies 1148:1159 variable surface morphologies 1131:1159 variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled) 1131:1181 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 9 19 theme In-vitro 1263:1270 arg1 studies 1280:1286 In-vitro release studies 1263:1286 In-vitro release studies 1263:1286 In-vitro release studies demonstrated pH responsive release rates. 28359818 12 20 theme loaded 1683:1688 arg1 micro-particles 1690:1704 GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles 1673:1704 GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics 1673:1774 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 1 21 theme food 195:198 arg1 source 200:205 a functional food source 182:205 a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine 182:239 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 1 21 theme food 195:198 arg1 polysaccharide 158:171 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 140:171 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) 140:177 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 5 22 theme composite 737:745 arg1 particles 747:755 composite particles 737:755 composite particles (collected at different temperatures) 737:793 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 9 23 theme release 1272:1278 arg1 studies 1280:1286 In-vitro release studies 1263:1286 In-vitro release studies 1263:1286 In-vitro release studies demonstrated pH responsive release rates. 28359818 3 24 dep diversify 417:425 arg1 delivery 502:509 antibacterial active delivery 481:509 antibacterial active delivery 481:509 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 3 24 dep diversify 417:425 arg1 drug 472:475 drug 472:475 drug 472:475 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 2 25 theme oxidative 297:305 arg1 damage 332:337 oxidative and acidic environmental damage 297:337 oxidative and acidic environmental damage 297:337 However, applications utilizing GLP are limited due to oxidative and acidic environmental damage. 28359818 4 26 theme electrospray 649:660 arg1 process 667:673 the electrospray (ES) process 645:673 the electrospray (ES) process 645:673 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 0 27 theme lucidum 10:16 arg1 polysaccharide 18:31 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 0:31 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 0:31 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 4 28 dep loaded 554:559 arg1 GLP 550:552 GLP 550:552 GLP 550:552 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 7 29 theme ∼25 1055:1057 arg1 50°C 1062:1065 ∼25 to 50°C 1055:1065 ∼25 to 50°C 1055:1065 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 7 29 theme ∼25 1055:1057 arg1 temperature 1042:1052 the collection environment temperature 1015:1052 the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C) 1015:1066 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 10 30 theme gastric 1386:1392 arg1 pH 1401:1402 pH ∼1.7 1401:1407 pH ∼1.7 1401:1407 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 10 30 theme gastric 1386:1392 arg1 fluid 1394:1398 simulated gastric fluid 1376:1398 simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) 1376:1408 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 8 31 theme chemical 1206:1213 arg1 composition 1215:1225 the chemical composition 1202:1225 the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg) 1202:1260 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 0 32 theme Ganoderma 0:8 arg1 lucidum 10:16 Ganoderma lucidum 0:16 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 0:31 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 4 33 theme sodium 561:566 arg1 micro-particles 585:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles 550:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) 550:622 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 4 33 theme sodium 561:566 arg1 range 607:611 size range 225-355μm 602:621 size range 225-355μm 602:621 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 12 34 theme release 1752:1758 arg1 characteristics 1760:1774 release characteristics 1752:1774 release characteristics 1752:1774 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 10 35 theme simulated 1376:1384 arg1 pH 1401:1402 pH ∼1.7 1401:1407 pH ∼1.7 1401:1407 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 10 35 theme simulated 1376:1384 arg1 fluid 1394:1398 simulated gastric fluid 1376:1398 simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) 1376:1408 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 3 36 theme biomedical 453:462 arg1 fields 464:469 biomedical fields 453:469 biomedical fields 453:469 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 4 37 theme loaded 554:559 arg1 micro-particles 585:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles 550:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) 550:622 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 4 37 theme loaded 554:559 arg1 range 607:611 size range 225-355μm 602:621 size range 225-355μm 602:621 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 12 38 theme various 1711:1717 arg1 shapes 1719:1724 various shapes 1711:1724 various shapes 1711:1724 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 12 39 theme surface 1727:1733 arg1 topographies 1735:1746 surface topographies 1727:1746 surface topographies 1727:1746 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 1 40 theme preventative 219:230 arg1 medicine 232:239 preventative medicine 219:239 preventative medicine 219:239 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 3 41 theme in 403:404 arg1 Advances 340:347 Advances 340:347 Advances 340:347 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 6 42 theme 10w/v 935:939 arg1 solution 942:949 a 10w/v% solution 933:949 a 10w/v% solution to be optimal 933:963 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 1 43 theme Ganoderma 140:148 arg1 lucidum 150:156 Ganoderma lucidum 140:156 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) 140:177 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 3 44 theme active 495:500 arg1 delivery 502:509 antibacterial active delivery 481:509 antibacterial active delivery 481:509 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 0 45 theme alginate 47:54 arg1 micro-particles 56:70 sodium alginate micro-particles 40:70 sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments 40:137 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 4 46 theme alginate 568:575 arg1 micro-particles 585:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles 550:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) 550:622 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 4 46 theme alginate 568:575 arg1 range 607:611 size range 225-355μm 602:621 size range 225-355μm 602:621 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 5 47 theme encapsulation 701:713 arg1 efficiency 715:724 encapsulation efficiency 701:724 encapsulation efficiency 701:724 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 6 48 theme substrate 843:851 arg1 concentration 871:883 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration 828:883 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration 828:883 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 4 49 theme ES 663:664 arg1 process 667:673 the electrospray (ES) process 645:673 the electrospray (ES) process 645:673 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 9 50 theme responsive 1304:1313 arg1 rates 1323:1327 pH responsive release rates 1301:1327 pH responsive release rates 1301:1327 In-vitro release studies demonstrated pH responsive release rates. 28359818 0 51 theme sodium 40:45 arg1 micro-particles 56:70 sodium alginate micro-particles 40:70 sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments 40:137 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 7 52 theme environment 1030:1040 arg1 50°C 1062:1065 ∼25 to 50°C 1055:1065 ∼25 to 50°C 1055:1065 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 7 52 theme environment 1030:1040 arg1 temperature 1042:1052 the collection environment temperature 1015:1052 the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C) 1015:1066 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 0 53 from electrospraying 85:99 arg1 environments 126:137 controlled deposition environments 104:137 controlled deposition environments 104:137 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide loaded sodium alginate micro-particles prepared via electrospraying in controlled deposition environments. 28359818 12 54 theme ES 1791:1792 arg1 process 1794:1800 a one-step ES process 1780:1800 a one-step ES process 1780:1800 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 8 55 theme material 1237:1244 arg1 composition 1215:1225 the chemical composition 1202:1225 the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg) 1202:1260 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 7 56 dep 50°C 1062:1065 arg1 to 1059:1060 to 1059:1060 to 1059:1060 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 12 57 theme one-step 1782:1789 arg1 process 1794:1800 a one-step ES process 1780:1800 a one-step ES process 1780:1800 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 5 58 dep particles 747:755 arg1 collected 758:766 collected 758:766 collected at different temperatures 758:792 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 10 59 theme simulated 1464:1472 arg1 pH 1497:1498 pH ∼7.4 1497:1503 pH ∼7.4 1497:1503 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 10 59 theme simulated 1464:1472 arg1 conditions 1485:1494 simulated intestinal conditions 1464:1494 simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4) 1464:1504 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 1 60 theme lucidum 150:156 arg1 GLP 174:176 GLP 174:176 GLP 174:176 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 1 60 theme lucidum 150:156 arg1 polysaccharide 158:171 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide 140:171 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) 140:177 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 1 60 theme lucidum 150:156 arg1 source 200:205 a functional food source 182:205 a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine 182:239 Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) is a functional food source deployed in preventative medicine. 28359818 10 61 theme rapid 1430:1434 arg1 release 1436:1442 rapid release 1430:1442 rapid release 1430:1442 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 6 62 theme preliminary 902:912 arg1 findings 914:921 preliminary findings 902:921 preliminary findings 902:921 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 10 63 theme intestinal 1474:1483 arg1 pH 1497:1498 pH ∼7.4 1497:1503 pH ∼7.4 1497:1503 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 10 63 theme intestinal 1474:1483 arg1 conditions 1485:1494 simulated intestinal conditions 1464:1494 simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4) 1464:1504 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 3 64 theme enteral 519:525 arg1 route 527:531 the enteral route 515:531 the enteral route 515:531 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 3 65 dep function 392:399 arg1 therefore 382:390 therefore 382:390 therefore 382:390 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 9 66 theme release 1315:1321 arg1 rates 1323:1327 pH responsive release rates 1301:1327 pH responsive release rates 1301:1327 In-vitro release studies demonstrated pH responsive release rates. 28359818 11 67 theme NaAlg 1527:1531 arg1 beads 1533:1537 NaAlg beads 1527:1537 NaAlg beads 1527:1537 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 10 68 from micro-particles 1357:1371 arg1 fluid 1394:1398 simulated gastric fluid 1376:1398 simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) 1376:1408 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 10 68 from micro-particles 1357:1371 arg1 pH 1401:1402 pH ∼1.7 1401:1407 pH ∼1.7 1401:1407 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 10 68 from micro-particles 1357:1371 arg1 release 1337:1343 Modest release 1330:1343 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) 1330:1408 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 5 69 theme loading 680:686 arg1 capacity 688:695 loading capacity 680:695 loading capacity 680:695 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 11 70 from beads 1533:1537 arg1 Release 1507:1513 Release 1507:1513 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads 1507:1537 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 11 70 from beads 1533:1537 arg1 greatest 1547:1554 greatest 1547:1554 greatest 1547:1554 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 6 71 theme % 940:940 arg1 solution 942:949 a 10w/v% solution 933:949 a 10w/v% solution to be optimal 933:963 The collection substrate (CaCl2, 1-20w/v%) concentration was explored and preliminary findings indicated a 10w/v% solution to be optimal. 28359818 4 72 theme size 602:605 arg1 micro-particles 585:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles 550:599 GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) 550:622 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 4 72 theme size 602:605 arg1 range 607:611 size range 225-355μm 602:621 size range 225-355μm 602:621 In this study, GLP loaded sodium alginate (NaAlg) micro-particles (size range 225-355μm) were generated using the electrospray (ES) process. 28359818 8 73 theme NaAlg/GLP 1084:1092 arg1 micro-particles 1094:1108 NaAlg/GLP micro-particles 1084:1108 NaAlg/GLP micro-particles 1084:1108 Based on this, NaAlg/GLP micro-particles were engineered with variable surface morphologies (porous and crinkled), without effecting the chemical composition of either material (GLP and NaAlg). 28359818 10 74 theme Modest 1330:1335 arg1 release 1337:1343 Modest release 1330:1343 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) 1330:1408 Modest release of GLP from micro-particles in simulated gastric fluid (pH ∼1.7) was observed, while rapid release was exhibited under simulated intestinal conditions (pH ∼7.4). 28359818 12 75 with micro-particles 1690:1704 arg1 shapes 1719:1724 various shapes 1711:1724 various shapes 1711:1724 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 12 75 with micro-particles 1690:1704 arg1 topographies 1735:1746 surface topographies 1727:1746 surface topographies 1727:1746 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 12 75 with micro-particles 1690:1704 arg1 characteristics 1760:1774 release characteristics 1752:1774 release characteristics 1752:1774 These findings demonstrate a facile route to fabricate GLP-NaAlg loaded micro-particles with various shapes, surface topographies and release characteristics via a one-step ES process. 28359818 3 76 theme antibacterial 481:493 arg1 delivery 502:509 antibacterial active delivery 481:509 antibacterial active delivery 481:509 Advances in preserving GLP structure (and therefore function), in situ, will diversify their applications within biomedical fields (drug and antibacterial active delivery via the enteral route). 28359818 11 77 theme environmental 1590:1602 arg1 temperatures 1604:1615 elevated environmental temperatures 1581:1615 elevated environmental temperatures 1581:1615 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 11 78 theme elevated 1581:1588 arg1 temperatures 1604:1615 elevated environmental temperatures 1581:1615 elevated environmental temperatures 1581:1615 Release of GLP from NaAlg beads was the greatest from samples prepared at elevated environmental temperatures. 28359818 7 79 theme collection 1019:1028 arg1 50°C 1062:1065 ∼25 to 50°C 1055:1065 ∼25 to 50°C 1055:1065 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 7 79 theme collection 1019:1028 arg1 temperature 1042:1052 the collection environment temperature 1015:1052 the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C) 1015:1066 The process was further modified by manipulating the collection environment temperature (∼25 to 50°C). 28359818 5 80 theme GLP 729:731 arg1 capacity 688:695 loading capacity 680:695 loading capacity 680:695 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 28359818 5 80 theme GLP 729:731 arg1 efficiency 715:724 encapsulation efficiency 701:724 encapsulation efficiency 701:724 The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of GLP for composite particles (collected at different temperatures) were ∼23% and 71%, respectively. 27034286 7 0 theme AAT 1046:1048 arg1 level 1030:1034 Increased level 1020:1034 Increased level of Hp and AAT 1020:1048 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 2 1 theme test 348:351 arg1 techniques 362:371 biochemical test, imaging techniques 336:371 techniques 362:371 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 11 2 theme glycan 1798:1803 arg1 branching 1805:1813 glycan branching 1798:1813 glycan branching 1798:1813 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 7 3 theme Hp 1039:1040 arg1 level 1030:1034 Increased level 1020:1034 Increased level of Hp and AAT 1020:1048 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 7 4 located observed 1054:1061 arg1 group 1091:1095 HCC patients' group 1077:1095 HCC patients' group 1077:1095 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 7 4 located observed 1054:1061 arg1 HCV-LC 1066:1071 HCV-LC 1066:1071 HCV-LC 1066:1071 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 7 4 located observed 1054:1061 arg2 level 1030:1034 Increased level 1020:1034 Increased level of Hp and AAT 1020:1048 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 1 5 theme hepatocellular 264:277 arg1 HCC 290:292 HCC 290:292 HCC 290:292 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 1 5 theme hepatocellular 264:277 arg1 carcinoma 279:287 hepatocellular carcinoma 264:287 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 264:293 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 9 6 theme HCV-LC 1551:1556 arg1 patients 1566:1573 HCV-LC and HCC patients 1551:1573 patients 1566:1573 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 12 7 theme exposed 1955:1961 arg1 galactose 1963:1971 exposed galactose 1955:1971 exposed galactose 1955:1971 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 3 8 theme proteins 519:526 arg1 level 504:508 the expression level 489:508 the expression level of serum proteins 489:526 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 5 9 theme prominent 808:816 arg1 1-antitrypsin 860:872 alpha 1-antitrypsin 854:872 alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) 854:878 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 5 9 theme prominent 808:816 arg1 haptoglobin 833:843 haptoglobin 833:843 haptoglobin (Hp) 833:848 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 5 9 theme prominent 808:816 arg1 spots 826:830 two prominent protein spots 804:830 two prominent protein spots 804:830 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 12 10 located observed 2000:2007 arg1 group 2031:2035 both HCC patients' group 2012:2035 both HCC patients' group 2012:2035 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 12 10 located observed 2000:2007 arg2 level 1946:1950 Increased level 1936:1950 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins 1936:1994 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 9 11 theme HCC 1562:1564 arg1 patients 1566:1573 HCV-LC and HCC patients 1551:1573 patients 1566:1573 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 4 12 theme 2D 646:647 arg1 electrophoresis 653:667 2D gel electrophoresis 646:667 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera 646:708 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 3 13 from changes 478:484 arg1 level 504:508 the expression level 489:508 the expression level of serum proteins 489:526 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 3 14 theme chronic 566:572 arg1 HCV-CH 587:592 HCV-CH 587:592 HCV-CH 587:592 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 3 14 theme chronic 566:572 arg1 C 584:584 chronic hepatitis C 566:584 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH) 566:593 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 1 15 theme hepatitis 199:207 arg1 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 1 15 theme hepatitis 199:207 arg1 infection 217:225 hepatitis C viral infection 199:225 hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) 199:234 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 10 16 theme patient 1666:1672 arg1 groups 1674:1679 HCV-LC and HCC patient groups 1651:1679 groups 1674:1679 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 3 17 theme expression 493:502 arg1 level 504:508 the expression level 489:508 the expression level of serum proteins 489:526 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 1 18 theme viral 211:215 arg1 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 1 18 theme viral 211:215 arg1 infection 217:225 hepatitis C viral infection 199:225 hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) 199:234 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 11 19 theme glycan 1882:1887 arg1 branching 1889:1897 high glycan branching 1877:1897 high glycan branching 1877:1897 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 13 20 theme HCV-CH 2150:2155 arg1 progression 2135:2145 the progression 2131:2145 the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC 2131:2171 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 9 21 theme culinarris 1593:1602 arg1 agglutinin 1604:1613 Lens culinarris agglutinin 1588:1613 Lens culinarris agglutinin 1588:1613 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 4 22 theme HCV-LC 680:685 arg1 electrophoresis 653:667 2D gel electrophoresis 646:667 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera 646:708 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 0 23 theme hepatocellular 143:156 arg1 carcinoma 158:166 hepatocellular carcinoma 143:166 hepatocellular carcinoma 143:166 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 3 24 theme C 584:584 arg1 patients 611:618 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients 566:618 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls 566:643 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 8 25 theme increased 1350:1358 arg1 level 1360:1364 increased level 1350:1364 increased level of sialylation 1350:1379 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 4 26 theme HCC 691:693 arg1 electrophoresis 653:667 2D gel electrophoresis 646:667 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera 646:708 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 3 27 from pattern 552:558 arg1 level 504:508 the expression level 489:508 the expression level of serum proteins 489:526 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 11 28 theme HCV-LC 1836:1841 arg1 AAT 1818:1820 AAT 1818:1820 AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups 1818:1858 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 6 29 theme glycosylation 936:948 arg1 pattern 950:956 glycosylation pattern 936:956 glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins 936:980 The changes in glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins were assayed using different lectins. 27034286 7 30 from present 1128:1134 arg1 groups 1159:1164 HCV-CH patient groups 1144:1164 HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies 1144:1239 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 0 31 theme alpha-1-antitrypsin 59:77 arg1 expression 23:32 expression 23:32 expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C 23:100 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 0 31 theme alpha-1-antitrypsin 59:77 arg1 glycosylation 8:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 11 32 theme HCV-CH 1825:1830 arg1 AAT 1818:1820 AAT 1818:1820 AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups 1818:1858 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 0 33 dep cirrhosis 129:137 arg1 patients 168:175 patients 168:175 patients 168:175 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 4 34 theme HCV-CH 672:677 arg1 electrophoresis 653:667 2D gel electrophoresis 646:667 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera 646:708 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 0 35 theme chronic 82:88 arg1 C 100:100 chronic hepatitis C 82:100 chronic hepatitis C 82:100 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 13 36 theme present 2087:2093 arg1 study 2111:2115 The present glycoproteomics study 2083:2115 The present glycoproteomics study 2083:2115 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 4 37 theme protein 725:731 arg1 spots 733:737 several protein spots 717:737 several protein spots 717:737 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 10 38 located found 1642:1646 arg1 Hp 1684:1685 Hp 1684:1685 Hp 1684:1685 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 10 38 located found 1642:1646 arg1 groups 1674:1679 HCV-LC and HCC patient groups 1651:1679 groups 1674:1679 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 10 38 located found 1642:1646 arg2 branching 1628:1636 High glycan branching 1616:1636 High glycan branching 1616:1636 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 9 39 located observed 1539:1546 arg1 hand 1471:1474 the other hand 1461:1474 the other hand 1461:1474 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 9 39 located observed 1539:1546 arg1 group 1576:1580 HCV-LC and HCC patients' group 1551:1580 HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin 1551:1613 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 9 39 located observed 1539:1546 arg2 level 1486:1490 increased level 1476:1490 increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins 1476:1533 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 8 40 theme patient 1401:1407 arg1 groups 1409:1414 HCC patient groups 1397:1414 HCC patient groups 1397:1414 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 12 41 theme communis 2062:2069 arg1 agglutinin 2071:2080 Ricinus communis agglutinin 2054:2080 Ricinus communis agglutinin 2054:2080 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 2 42 theme structural 388:397 arg1 damage 405:410 structural liver damage 388:410 structural liver damage 388:410 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 0 43 theme hepatitis 103:111 arg1 glycosylation 8:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 0 43 theme hepatitis 103:111 arg1 C 113:113 hepatitis C 103:113 hepatitis C 103:113 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 12 44 from level 1946:1950 arg1 proteins 1987:1994 both serum proteins 1976:1994 both serum proteins 1976:1994 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 0 45 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 expression 23:32 expression 23:32 expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C 23:100 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 0 45 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 glycosylation 8:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 0 45 theme Altered 0:6 arg1 C 113:113 hepatitis C 103:113 hepatitis C 103:113 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 9 46 from level 1486:1490 arg1 glycoproteins 1521:1533 two serum glycoproteins 1511:1533 two serum glycoproteins 1511:1533 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 2 47 theme several 428:434 arg1 disadvantages 436:448 several disadvantages 428:448 several disadvantages 428:448 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 7 48 theme HCC 1077:1079 arg1 patients 1081:1088 HCC patients 1077:1088 HCC patients' group 1077:1095 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 9 49 theme other 1465:1469 arg1 hand 1471:1474 the other hand 1461:1474 the other hand 1461:1474 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 6 50 theme serum 967:971 arg1 proteins 973:980 these serum proteins 961:980 these serum proteins 961:980 The changes in glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins were assayed using different lectins. 27034286 8 51 theme nigra 1440:1444 arg1 agglutinin 1446:1455 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 1431:1455 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 1431:1455 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 11 52 theme such 1774:1777 arg1 change 1779:1784 no such change 1771:1784 no such change 1771:1784 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 2 53 theme damage 405:410 arg1 assessment 374:383 assessment 374:383 assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy 374:420 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 9 54 theme increased 1476:1484 arg1 level 1486:1490 increased level 1476:1490 increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins 1476:1533 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 12 55 theme HCC 2017:2019 arg1 patients 2021:2028 both HCC patients' 2012:2029 both HCC patients' group 2012:2035 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 2 56 theme biochemical 336:346 arg1 techniques 362:371 biochemical test, imaging techniques 336:371 techniques 362:371 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 0 57 theme haptoglobin 43:53 arg1 expression 23:32 expression 23:32 expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C 23:100 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 0 57 theme haptoglobin 43:53 arg1 glycosylation 8:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation 0:20 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 12 58 theme serum 1981:1985 arg1 proteins 1987:1994 both serum proteins 1976:1994 both serum proteins 1976:1994 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 13 59 theme biopsy 2199:2204 arg1 need 2185:2188 the need 2181:2188 the need of liver biopsy 2181:2204 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 2 60 theme cirrhosis 323:331 arg1 diagnosis 304:312 diagnosis 304:312 diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques 304:371 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 9 61 gly glycoproteins 1521:1533 arg1 glycoproteins 1521:1533 two serum glycoproteins 1511:1533 two serum glycoproteins 1511:1533 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 1 62 with cirrhosis 184:192 arg1 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 1 62 with cirrhosis 184:192 arg1 infection 217:225 hepatitis C viral infection 199:225 hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) 199:234 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 10 63 theme stramonium 1729:1738 arg1 agglutinin 1740:1749 Datura stramonium agglutinin 1722:1749 Datura stramonium agglutinin 1722:1749 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 8 64 theme HCV-CH 1319:1324 arg1 patients 1326:1333 HCV-CH patients' 1319:1334 HCV-CH patients' group 1319:1340 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 10 65 theme High 1616:1619 arg1 branching 1628:1636 High glycan branching 1616:1636 High glycan branching 1616:1636 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 13 66 theme HCV-LC 2158:2163 arg1 progression 2135:2145 the progression 2131:2145 the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC 2131:2171 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 10 67 theme glycan 1621:1626 arg1 branching 1628:1636 High glycan branching 1616:1636 High glycan branching 1616:1636 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 9 68 theme serum 1515:1519 arg1 glycoproteins 1521:1533 two serum glycoproteins 1511:1533 two serum glycoproteins 1511:1533 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 7 69 theme patient 1151:1157 arg1 groups 1159:1164 HCV-CH patient groups 1144:1164 HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies 1144:1239 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 11 70 theme high 1877:1880 arg1 branching 1889:1897 high glycan branching 1877:1897 high glycan branching 1877:1897 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 7 71 theme Increased 1020:1028 arg1 level 1030:1034 Increased level 1020:1034 Increased level of Hp and AAT 1020:1048 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 3 72 theme serum 513:517 arg1 proteins 519:526 serum proteins 513:526 serum proteins 513:526 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 1 73 theme Liver 178:182 arg1 cirrhosis 184:192 Liver cirrhosis 178:192 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) 178:234 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 7 74 from groups 1159:1164 arg1 present 1128:1134 present 1128:1134 present 1128:1134 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 10 75 theme HCC 1662:1664 arg1 groups 1674:1679 HCV-LC and HCC patient groups 1651:1679 groups 1674:1679 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 5 76 theme protein 818:824 arg1 1-antitrypsin 860:872 alpha 1-antitrypsin 854:872 alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) 854:878 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 5 76 theme protein 818:824 arg1 haptoglobin 833:843 haptoglobin 833:843 haptoglobin (Hp) 833:848 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 5 76 theme protein 818:824 arg1 spots 826:830 two prominent protein spots 804:830 two prominent protein spots 804:830 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 12 77 theme galactose 1963:1971 arg1 level 1946:1950 Increased level 1936:1950 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins 1936:1994 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 0 78 theme liver 123:127 arg1 cirrhosis 129:137 liver cirrhosis 123:137 liver cirrhosis 123:137 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 3 79 theme glycosylation 538:550 arg1 pattern 552:558 their glycosylation pattern 532:558 their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls 532:643 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 1 80 theme C 209:209 arg1 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 HCV-LC 228:233 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 1 80 theme C 209:209 arg1 infection 217:225 hepatitis C viral infection 199:225 hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) 199:234 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 27034286 8 81 located observed 1296:1303 arg1 group 1336:1340 HCV-CH patients' group 1319:1340 HCV-CH patients' group 1319:1340 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 8 81 located observed 1296:1303 arg1 HCV-LC 1308:1313 HCV-LC 1308:1313 HCV-LC 1308:1313 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 8 81 located observed 1296:1303 arg2 level 1252:1256 Decreased level 1242:1256 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT 1242:1290 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 5 82 theme spots 826:830 arg1 expression 790:799 the expression 786:799 the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) 786:878 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 9 83 theme Lens 1588:1591 arg1 agglutinin 1604:1613 Lens culinarris agglutinin 1588:1613 Lens culinarris agglutinin 1588:1613 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 13 84 theme HCC 2169:2171 arg1 progression 2135:2145 the progression 2131:2145 the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC 2131:2171 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 12 85 theme Increased 1936:1944 arg1 level 1946:1950 Increased level 1936:1950 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins 1936:1994 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 3 86 theme hepatitis 574:582 arg1 HCV-CH 587:592 HCV-CH 587:592 HCV-CH 587:592 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 3 86 theme hepatitis 574:582 arg1 C 584:584 chronic hepatitis C 566:584 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH) 566:593 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 13 87 theme glycoproteomics 2095:2109 arg1 study 2111:2115 The present glycoproteomics study 2083:2115 The present glycoproteomics study 2083:2115 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 3 88 theme HCV-LC 596:601 arg1 patients 611:618 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients 566:618 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls 566:643 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 5 89 theme alpha 854:858 arg1 spots 826:830 two prominent protein spots 804:830 two prominent protein spots 804:830 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 5 89 theme alpha 854:858 arg1 AAT 875:877 AAT 875:877 AAT 875:877 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 5 89 theme alpha 854:858 arg1 1-antitrypsin 860:872 alpha 1-antitrypsin 854:872 alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) 854:878 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 10 90 theme HCV-LC 1651:1656 arg1 groups 1674:1679 HCV-LC and HCC patient groups 1651:1679 groups 1674:1679 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 11 91 theme HCC 1915:1917 arg1 patients 1919:1926 HCC patients 1915:1926 HCC patients' group 1915:1933 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 8 92 theme sialylation 1369:1379 arg1 level 1360:1364 increased level 1350:1364 increased level of sialylation 1350:1379 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 8 93 theme Decreased 1242:1250 arg1 level 1252:1256 Decreased level 1242:1256 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT 1242:1290 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 7 94 attach present 1128:1134 arg1 groups 1159:1164 HCV-CH patient groups 1144:1164 HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies 1144:1239 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 7 94 attach present 1128:1134 arg2 those 1105:1109 those 1105:1109 those 1105:1109 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 11 95 located observed 1903:1910 arg1 group 1929:1933 HCC patients' group 1915:1933 HCC patients' group 1915:1933 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 11 95 located observed 1903:1910 arg2 branching 1889:1897 high glycan branching 1877:1897 high glycan branching 1877:1897 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 8 96 from level 1252:1256 arg1 AAT 1288:1290 AAT 1288:1290 AAT 1288:1290 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 8 96 from level 1252:1256 arg1 Hp 1281:1282 Hp 1281:1282 Hp 1281:1282 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 0 97 from expression 23:32 arg1 C 100:100 chronic hepatitis C 82:100 chronic hepatitis C 82:100 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 4 98 theme gel 649:651 arg1 electrophoresis 653:667 2D gel electrophoresis 646:667 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera 646:708 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 0 99 theme hepatitis 90:98 arg1 C 100:100 chronic hepatitis C 82:100 chronic hepatitis C 82:100 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 8 100 theme HCC 1397:1399 arg1 groups 1409:1414 HCC patient groups 1397:1414 HCC patient groups 1397:1414 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 6 101 from changes 925:931 arg1 pattern 950:956 glycosylation pattern 936:956 glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins 936:980 The changes in glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins were assayed using different lectins. 27034286 4 102 dep HCV-CH 672:677 arg1 sera 705:708 patients' sera 695:708 patients' sera 695:708 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 7 103 located present 1128:1134 arg1 groups 1159:1164 HCV-CH patient groups 1144:1164 HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies 1144:1239 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 7 103 located present 1128:1134 arg2 those 1105:1109 those 1105:1109 those 1105:1109 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 4 104 theme several 717:723 arg1 spots 733:737 several protein spots 717:737 several protein spots 717:737 2D gel electrophoresis of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC patients' sera showed several protein spots, which were identified by LC-MS. 27034286 5 105 from change 776:781 arg1 expression 790:799 the expression 786:799 the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) 786:878 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 11 106 dep HCV-CH 1825:1830 arg1 groups 1853:1858 patients' groups 1843:1858 patients' groups 1843:1858 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 5 107 theme western 897:903 arg1 blot 905:908 western blot 897:908 western blot 897:908 The change in the expression of two prominent protein spots, haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was evaluated by western blot and ELISA. 27034286 8 108 located observed 1385:1392 arg1 groups 1409:1414 HCC patient groups 1397:1414 HCC patient groups 1397:1414 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 8 108 located observed 1385:1392 arg2 level 1360:1364 increased level 1350:1364 increased level of sialylation 1350:1379 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 7 109 theme monoclonal 1219:1228 arg1 antibodies 1230:1239 monoclonal antibodies 1219:1239 monoclonal antibodies 1219:1239 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 12 110 theme Ricinus 2054:2060 arg1 agglutinin 2071:2080 Ricinus communis agglutinin 2054:2080 Ricinus communis agglutinin 2054:2080 Increased level of exposed galactose in both serum proteins was observed in both HCC patients' group as determined by Ricinus communis agglutinin. 27034286 8 111 theme Sambucus 1431:1438 arg1 agglutinin 1446:1455 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 1431:1455 Sambucus nigra agglutinin 1431:1455 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 8 112 theme sialylation 1261:1271 arg1 level 1252:1256 Decreased level 1242:1256 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT 1242:1290 Decreased level of sialylation in both Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCV-CH patients' group whereas increased level of sialylation was observed in HCC patient groups by ELISA using Sambucus nigra agglutinin. 27034286 6 113 theme proteins 973:980 arg1 pattern 950:956 glycosylation pattern 936:956 glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins 936:980 The changes in glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins were assayed using different lectins. 27034286 11 114 located observed 1786:1793 arg2 change 1779:1784 no such change 1771:1784 no such change 1771:1784 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 11 114 located observed 1786:1793 arg1 AAT 1818:1820 AAT 1818:1820 AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups 1818:1858 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 11 114 located observed 1786:1793 arg1 branching 1805:1813 glycan branching 1798:1813 glycan branching 1798:1813 However, there was no such change observed in glycan branching in AAT of HCV-CH and HCV-LC patients' groups, to the contrary high glycan branching was observed in HCC patients' group. 27034286 10 115 theme Datura 1722:1727 arg1 agglutinin 1740:1749 Datura stramonium agglutinin 1722:1749 Datura stramonium agglutinin 1722:1749 High glycan branching was found in HCV-LC and HCC patient groups in Hp but not in HCV-CH as determined by Datura stramonium agglutinin. 27034286 0 116 theme serum 37:41 arg1 haptoglobin 43:53 serum haptoglobin 37:53 serum haptoglobin 37:53 Altered glycosylation, expression of serum haptoglobin and alpha-1-antitrypsin in chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis C induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 27034286 13 117 theme liver 2193:2197 arg1 biopsy 2199:2204 liver biopsy 2193:2204 liver biopsy 2193:2204 The present glycoproteomics study could predict the progression of HCV-CH, HCV-LC and HCC without the need of liver biopsy. 27034286 6 118 theme different 1001:1009 arg1 lectins 1011:1017 different lectins 1001:1017 different lectins 1001:1017 The changes in glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins were assayed using different lectins. 27034286 3 119 theme HCC 607:609 arg1 patients 611:618 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients 566:618 chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls 566:643 Our aim was to monitor the changes in the expression level of serum proteins and their glycosylation pattern among chronic hepatitis C (HCV-CH), HCV-LC and HCC patients with respect to controls. 27034286 2 120 theme liver 399:403 arg1 damage 405:410 structural liver damage 388:410 structural liver damage 388:410 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 9 121 theme fucosylation 1495:1506 arg1 level 1486:1490 increased level 1476:1490 increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins 1476:1533 On the other hand increased level of fucosylation in two serum glycoproteins was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group using Lens culinarris agglutinin. 27034286 6 122 gly glycosylation 936:948 arg1 proteins 973:980 these serum proteins 961:980 these serum proteins 961:980 The changes in glycosylation pattern of these serum proteins were assayed using different lectins. 27034286 2 123 theme liver 317:321 arg1 cirrhosis 323:331 liver cirrhosis 317:331 liver cirrhosis 317:331 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 7 124 theme HCV-CH 1144:1149 arg1 groups 1159:1164 HCV-CH patient groups 1144:1164 HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies 1144:1239 Increased level of Hp and AAT was observed in HCV-LC and HCC patients' group whereas those were found to be present less in HCV-CH patient groups with respect to control as determined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies. 27034286 2 125 theme imaging 354:360 arg1 techniques 362:371 biochemical test, imaging techniques 336:371 techniques 362:371 Besides diagnosis of liver cirrhosis by biochemical test, imaging techniques, assessment of structural liver damage by biopsy shows several disadvantages. 27034286 1 126 theme high 243:246 arg1 risk 248:251 high risk 243:251 high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 243:293 Liver cirrhosis with hepatitis C viral infection (HCV-LC) causes high risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 28109088 3 0 theme high 718:721 arg1 level 723:727 a high level 716:727 a high level of correlation among them 716:753 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 4 1 theme antioxidant 881:891 arg1 candidates 893:902 stronger antioxidant candidates 872:902 stronger antioxidant candidates 872:902 Furthermore, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were screened and found to be stronger antioxidant candidates. 28109088 0 2 with Analysis 39:46 arg1 Products 123:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 1 3 from tea 259:261 arg1 capacities 164:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 3 from tea 259:261 arg1 extracts 231:238 two commercialized tea products and extracts 195:238 extracts 231:238 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 3 from tea 259:261 arg1 products 218:225 two commercialized tea products and extracts 195:238 products 218:225 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 3 from tea 259:261 arg1 compositions 179:190 compositions 179:190 compositions 179:190 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 0 4 from Evaluation 12:21 arg1 Tea 79:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 4 5 theme stronger 872:879 arg1 candidates 893:902 stronger antioxidant candidates 872:902 stronger antioxidant candidates 872:902 Furthermore, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were screened and found to be stronger antioxidant candidates. 28109088 1 6 theme Fuzhuan 245:251 arg1 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 6 theme Fuzhuan 245:251 arg1 tea 259:261 Fuzhuan brick tea 245:261 Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) 245:267 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 7 theme retention 326:334 arg1 times 336:340 the retention times 322:340 the retention times of injected standards 322:362 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 8 theme brick 253:257 arg1 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 8 theme brick 253:257 arg1 tea 259:261 Fuzhuan brick tea 245:261 Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) 245:267 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 3 9 theme correlation 732:742 arg1 activity 703:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 9 theme correlation 732:742 arg1 level 723:727 a high level 716:727 a high level of correlation among them 716:753 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 4 10 theme gallic 769:774 arg1 acid 776:779 gallic acid 769:779 gallic acid 769:779 Furthermore, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were screened and found to be stronger antioxidant candidates. 28109088 3 11 contain contained 611:619 arg2 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 11 contain contained 611:619 arg2 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 11 contain contained 611:619 arg2 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 11 contain contained 611:619 arg1 samples 603:609 all samples 599:609 all samples 599:609 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 11 contain contained 611:619 arg2 amounts 626:632 high amounts 621:632 high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids 621:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 2 12 used used 430:433 arg2 analysis 416:423 DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis 398:423 DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis 398:423 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 2 12 used used 430:433 arg2 analysis 385:392 Principal component analysis 365:392 Principal component analysis 365:392 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 2 13 theme antioxidant 554:564 arg1 activity 566:573 antioxidant activity 554:573 antioxidant activity 554:573 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 5 14 from summary 908:914 arg1 inferior 957:964 inferior 957:964 inferior 957:964 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 5 14 from summary 908:914 arg1 quality 921:927 the quality 917:927 the quality of the FBT extracts 917:947 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 3 15 contain had 682:684 arg2 activity 703:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 15 contain had 682:684 arg1 samples 603:609 all samples 599:609 all samples 599:609 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 15 contain had 682:684 arg2 level 723:727 a high level 716:727 a high level of correlation among them 716:753 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 1 16 theme injected 345:352 arg1 standards 354:362 injected standards 345:362 injected standards 345:362 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 5 17 theme commercialized 977:990 arg1 products 996:1003 commercialized tea products 977:1003 commercialized tea products 977:1003 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 1 18 theme antioxidant 152:162 arg1 capacities 164:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 0 19 from Analysis 39:46 arg1 Tea 79:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 5 20 theme extracts 940:947 arg1 inferior 957:964 inferior 957:964 inferior 957:964 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 5 20 theme extracts 940:947 arg1 quality 921:927 the quality 917:927 the quality of the FBT extracts 917:947 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 2 21 theme Principal 365:373 arg1 analysis 385:392 Principal component analysis 365:392 Principal component analysis 365:392 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 0 22 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 Evaluation 12:21 Antioxidant Evaluation 0:21 Antioxidant Evaluation 0:21 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 23 with Comparison 91:100 arg1 Products 123:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 5 24 theme tea 1075:1077 arg1 products 1079:1086 instant tea products 1067:1086 instant tea products 1067:1086 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 5 24 theme tea 1075:1077 arg1 extracts 1038:1045 extracts 1038:1045 extracts 1038:1045 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 3 25 theme flavonoids 667:676 arg1 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 25 theme flavonoids 667:676 arg1 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 25 theme flavonoids 667:676 arg1 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 25 theme flavonoids 667:676 arg1 amounts 626:632 high amounts 621:632 high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids 621:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 0 26 theme Composition 27:37 arg1 Analysis 39:46 Composition Analysis 27:46 Composition Analysis 27:46 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 27 theme Tea 119:121 arg1 Products 123:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 28 theme Instant 111:117 arg1 Products 123:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 5 29 theme instant 1067:1073 arg1 products 1079:1086 instant tea products 1067:1086 instant tea products 1067:1086 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 5 29 theme instant 1067:1073 arg1 extracts 1038:1045 extracts 1038:1045 extracts 1038:1045 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 2 30 theme HPLC 411:414 arg1 analysis 416:423 DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis 398:423 DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis 398:423 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 0 31 from Tea 79:81 arg1 Comparison 91:100 Its Comparison 87:100 Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products 87:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 31 from Tea 79:81 arg1 Extracts 51:58 Extracts 51:58 Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea 51:81 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 31 from Tea 79:81 arg1 Evaluation 12:21 Antioxidant Evaluation 0:21 Antioxidant Evaluation 0:21 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 31 from Tea 79:81 arg1 Analysis 39:46 Composition Analysis 27:46 Composition Analysis 27:46 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 2 32 theme DPPH-spiking 398:409 arg1 analysis 416:423 DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis 398:423 DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis 398:423 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 1 33 theme standards 354:362 arg1 times 336:340 the retention times 322:340 the retention times of injected standards 322:362 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 2 34 theme antioxidant 466:476 arg1 capacity 478:485 antioxidant capacity 466:485 antioxidant capacity 466:485 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 3 35 theme phenols 654:660 arg1 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 35 theme phenols 654:660 arg1 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 35 theme phenols 654:660 arg1 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 35 theme phenols 654:660 arg1 amounts 626:632 high amounts 621:632 high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids 621:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 36 theme high 621:624 arg1 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 36 theme high 621:624 arg1 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 36 theme high 621:624 arg1 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 36 theme high 621:624 arg1 amounts 626:632 high amounts 621:632 high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids 621:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 1 37 theme commercialized 199:212 arg1 products 218:225 two commercialized tea products and extracts 195:238 products 218:225 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 38 from compositions 179:190 arg1 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 38 from compositions 179:190 arg1 tea 259:261 Fuzhuan brick tea 245:261 Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) 245:267 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 0 39 theme Extracts 51:58 arg1 Comparison 91:100 Its Comparison 87:100 Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products 87:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 39 theme Extracts 51:58 arg1 Evaluation 12:21 Antioxidant Evaluation 0:21 Antioxidant Evaluation 0:21 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 0 39 theme Extracts 51:58 arg1 Analysis 39:46 Composition Analysis 27:46 Composition Analysis 27:46 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 3 40 theme good 686:689 arg1 activity 703:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 0 41 with Evaluation 12:21 arg1 Products 123:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Two Instant Tea Products 107:130 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 1 42 theme HPLC 299:302 arg1 methods 304:310 three HPLC methods 293:310 three HPLC methods 293:310 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 3 43 theme antioxidant 691:701 arg1 activity 703:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 good antioxidant activity 686:710 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 44 theme polysaccharides 637:651 arg1 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 phenols 654:660 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 44 theme polysaccharides 637:651 arg1 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 flavonoids 667:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 44 theme polysaccharides 637:651 arg1 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 polysaccharides 637:651 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 3 44 theme polysaccharides 637:651 arg1 amounts 626:632 high amounts 621:632 high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids 621:676 Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. 28109088 4 45 theme epigallocatechin 817:832 arg1 gallate 834:840 epigallocatechin gallate 817:840 epigallocatechin gallate 817:840 Furthermore, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were screened and found to be stronger antioxidant candidates. 28109088 5 46 from inferior 957:964 arg1 summary 908:914 summary 908:914 summary 908:914 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 1 47 theme tea 214:216 arg1 products 218:225 two commercialized tea products and extracts 195:238 products 218:225 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 5 48 theme tea 992:994 arg1 products 996:1003 commercialized tea products 977:1003 commercialized tea products 977:1003 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 0 49 from Comparison 91:100 arg1 Tea 79:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 1 50 from capacities 164:173 arg1 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 FBT 264:266 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 50 from capacities 164:173 arg1 tea 259:261 Fuzhuan brick tea 245:261 Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) 245:267 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 5 51 theme FBT 936:938 arg1 extracts 940:947 the FBT extracts 932:947 the FBT extracts 932:947 In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products. 28109088 1 52 theme products 218:225 arg1 capacities 164:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 52 theme products 218:225 arg1 compositions 179:190 compositions 179:190 compositions 179:190 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 0 53 theme Brick 73:77 arg1 Tea 79:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 2 54 theme component 375:383 arg1 analysis 385:392 Principal component analysis 365:392 Principal component analysis 365:392 Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. 28109088 0 55 theme Fuzhuan 65:71 arg1 Tea 79:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Fuzhuan Brick Tea 65:81 Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products. 28109088 1 56 theme extracts 231:238 arg1 capacities 164:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 the antioxidant capacities 148:173 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 28109088 1 56 theme extracts 231:238 arg1 compositions 179:190 compositions 179:190 compositions 179:190 In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. 25573454 5 0 theme ChiNP-PCLNF 777:787 arg1 application 762:772 application 762:772 application of ChiNP-PCLNF 762:787 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 4 1 theme primary 699:705 arg1 fibroblasts 707:717 rat primary fibroblasts 695:717 rat primary fibroblasts 695:717 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 25573454 3 2 theme drug 480:483 arg1 release 485:491 its drug release 476:491 its drug release 476:491 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 4 3 theme rat 695:697 arg1 fibroblasts 707:717 rat primary fibroblasts 695:717 rat primary fibroblasts 695:717 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 25573454 2 4 theme own 278:280 arg1 efficacy 262:269 the efficacy 258:269 the efficacy of its own 258:280 Chitosan is widely used not only as a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own, but also as a nanoparticle for drug delivery. 25573454 5 5 with system 809:814 arg1 delivery 826:833 drug delivery 821:833 drug delivery 821:833 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 3 6 with nanofiber 376:384 arg1 ChiNP-PCLNF 425:435 ChiNP-PCLNF 425:435 ChiNP-PCLNF 425:435 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 3 6 with nanofiber 376:384 arg1 nanoparticles 410:422 chitosan nanoparticles 401:422 chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) 401:436 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 5 7 theme side 866:869 arg1 effects 871:877 side effects 866:877 side effects 866:877 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 0 8 theme wound 50:54 arg1 dressing 56:63 wound dressing 50:63 wound dressing 50:63 Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL nanofiber composite for wound dressing and drug delivery. 25573454 1 9 theme Many 84:87 arg1 investigations 89:102 Many investigations 84:102 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems 84:157 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems have recently been conducted. 25573454 4 10 theme aquatic 649:655 arg1 environments 657:668 aquatic environments 649:668 aquatic environments 649:668 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 25573454 3 11 theme chitosan 401:408 arg1 ChiNP-PCLNF 425:435 ChiNP-PCLNF 425:435 ChiNP-PCLNF 425:435 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 3 11 theme chitosan 401:408 arg1 nanoparticles 410:422 chitosan nanoparticles 401:422 chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) 401:436 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 3 12 theme electrospun 347:357 arg1 nanofiber 376:384 an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite 344:394 an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) 344:436 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 5 13 theme drug 821:824 arg1 delivery 826:833 drug delivery 821:833 drug delivery 821:833 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 4 14 theme ChiNP-PCLNF 535:545 arg1 complexes 547:555 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes 535:555 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes 535:555 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 25573454 1 15 theme wound 107:111 arg1 dressings 113:121 wound dressings 107:121 wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems 107:157 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems have recently been conducted. 25573454 5 16 theme skin 839:842 arg1 healing 850:856 skin wound healing 839:856 skin wound healing without side effects 839:877 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 1 17 theme dressings 113:121 arg1 investigations 89:102 Many investigations 84:102 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems 84:157 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems have recently been conducted. 25573454 5 18 theme wound 844:848 arg1 healing 850:856 skin wound healing 839:856 skin wound healing without side effects 839:877 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 3 19 theme composite 386:394 arg1 nanofiber 376:384 an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite 344:394 an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) 344:436 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 5 20 theme wound 794:798 arg1 system 809:814 a wound dressing system 792:814 a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects 792:877 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 3 21 theme polycaprolactone 359:374 arg1 nanofiber 376:384 an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite 344:394 an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) 344:436 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 0 22 theme drug 69:72 arg1 delivery 74:81 drug delivery 69:81 drug delivery 69:81 Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL nanofiber composite for wound dressing and drug delivery. 25573454 2 23 theme drug 314:317 arg1 delivery 319:326 drug delivery 314:326 drug delivery 314:326 Chitosan is widely used not only as a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own, but also as a nanoparticle for drug delivery. 25573454 0 24 theme Chitosan 0:7 arg1 nanoparticle/PCL 9:24 Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL 0:24 Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL 0:24 Chitosan nanoparticle/PCL nanofiber composite for wound dressing and drug delivery. 25573454 5 25 theme dressing 800:807 arg1 system 809:814 a wound dressing system 792:814 a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects 792:877 Our studies demonstrate the potential for application of ChiNP-PCLNF as a wound dressing system with drug delivery for skin wound healing without side effects. 25573454 1 26 theme drug 137:140 arg1 systems 151:157 drug delivery systems 137:157 drug delivery systems 137:157 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems have recently been conducted. 25573454 4 27 theme van 610:612 arg1 force 624:628 van der Waals force 610:628 van der Waals force 610:628 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 25573454 3 28 theme skin 517:520 arg1 fibroblasts 522:532 skin fibroblasts 517:532 skin fibroblasts 517:532 In this study, an electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber composite with chitosan nanoparticles (ChiNP-PCLNF) was fabricated and then evaluated for its drug release and biocompatibility to skin fibroblasts. 25573454 1 29 theme delivery 142:149 arg1 systems 151:157 drug delivery systems 137:157 drug delivery systems 137:157 Many investigations of wound dressings equipped with drug delivery systems have recently been conducted. 25573454 4 30 theme Waals 618:622 arg1 force 624:628 van der Waals force 610:628 van der Waals force 610:628 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 25573454 2 31 used used 208:211 arg2 material 227:234 a material 225:234 a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own 225:280 Chitosan is widely used not only as a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own, but also as a nanoparticle for drug delivery. 25573454 2 31 used used 208:211 arg2 nanoparticle 297:308 a nanoparticle 295:308 a nanoparticle for drug delivery 295:326 Chitosan is widely used not only as a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own, but also as a nanoparticle for drug delivery. 25573454 2 31 used used 208:211 arg2 Chitosan 189:196 Chitosan 189:196 Chitosan 189:196 Chitosan is widely used not only as a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own, but also as a nanoparticle for drug delivery. 25573454 2 32 theme wound 240:244 arg1 dressing 246:253 wound dressing 240:253 wound dressing by the efficacy of its own 240:280 Chitosan is widely used not only as a material for wound dressing by the efficacy of its own, but also as a nanoparticle for drug delivery. 25573454 4 33 theme der 614:616 arg1 force 624:628 van der Waals force 610:628 van der Waals force 610:628 ChiNP-PCLNF complexes showed no cytotoxicity and nanoparticles adsorbed by van der Waals force were released into aquatic environments and then penetrated into rat primary fibroblasts. 28358137 0 0 theme transferase 81:91 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 5 1 theme extensin 1129:1136 arg1 enzymes 1152:1158 all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1102:1158 all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1102:1158 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 4 2 theme Hyp-arabinofuranotriose 856:878 arg1 chains 918:923 Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains 856:923 Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains 856:923 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 7 3 theme green 1503:1507 arg1 algae 1509:1513 charophyte green algae 1492:1513 charophyte green algae 1492:1513 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 0 4 theme glycosyl 72:79 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 5 5 theme glycosylation 1138:1150 arg1 enzymes 1152:1158 all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1102:1158 all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1102:1158 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 5 6 theme hair 1063:1066 arg1 phenotype 1068:1076 a truncated root hair phenotype 1046:1076 a truncated root hair phenotype 1046:1076 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 0 7 theme ExAD 94:97 arg1 evolution 19:27 evolution 19:27 evolution 19:27 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 0 7 theme ExAD 94:97 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 1 8 theme extensin 359:366 arg1 backbone 368:375 the extensin backbone 355:375 the extensin backbone 355:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 4 9 theme Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf 881:910 arg1 chains 918:923 Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains 856:923 Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains 856:923 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 5 10 theme T-DNA 1002:1006 arg1 mutants 1018:1024 T-DNA knock-out mutants 1002:1024 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 1002:1037 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 5 11 theme root 1166:1169 arg1 hair 1171:1174 both root hair and glycan phenotypes 1161:1196 hair 1171:1174 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 2 12 theme β- 529:530 arg1 Arafs 562:566 Arafs 562:566 Arafs 562:566 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 2 12 theme β- 529:530 arg1 arabinofuranoses 544:559 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses 525:559 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs) 525:567 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 7 13 theme terrestrial 1469:1479 arg1 plants 1481:1486 terrestrial plants 1469:1486 terrestrial plants 1469:1486 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 4 14 theme clade 756:760 arg1 E 762:762 clade E 756:762 clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 756:811 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 0 15 gly glycoprotein 59:70 arg1 glycoprotein 59:70 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 glycoprotein 59:70 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 4 16 theme thaliana 727:734 arg1 candidate 818:826 a candidate 816:826 a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage 816:939 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 16 theme thaliana 727:734 arg1 At3g57630 742:750 At3g57630 742:750 At3g57630 742:750 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 16 theme thaliana 727:734 arg1 gene 736:739 a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene 706:739 a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene 706:739 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 7 17 theme plants 1481:1486 arg1 hallmark 1457:1464 an evolutionary hallmark 1441:1464 an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae 1441:1513 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 6 18 theme Deficient 1285:1293 arg1 ExAD 1308:1311 ExAD 1308:1311 ExAD 1308:1311 At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. 28358137 6 18 theme Deficient 1285:1293 arg1 transferase 1295:1305 Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase 1266:1305 Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase 1266:1305 At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. 28358137 2 19 link α-linked 535:542 arg1 Arafs 562:566 Arafs 562:566 Arafs 562:566 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 2 19 link α-linked 535:542 arg1 arabinofuranoses 544:559 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses 525:559 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs) 525:567 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 7 20 theme orthologs 1350:1358 arg1 occurrence 1331:1340 The occurrence 1327:1340 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, 1327:1419 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 4 21 from transfer 836:843 arg1 α-linkage 931:939 an α-linkage 928:939 an α-linkage 928:939 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 6 22 theme Arabinose 1275:1283 arg1 ExAD 1308:1311 ExAD 1308:1311 ExAD 1308:1311 At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. 28358137 6 22 theme Arabinose 1275:1283 arg1 transferase 1295:1305 Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase 1266:1305 Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase 1266:1305 At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. 28358137 2 23 theme extensin 405:412 arg1 repeat 414:419 the conserved canonical extensin repeat 381:419 the conserved canonical extensin repeat 381:419 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 4 24 theme Araf 848:851 arg1 transfer 836:843 the transfer 832:843 the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage 832:939 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 5 25 theme knock-out 1008:1016 arg1 mutants 1018:1024 T-DNA knock-out mutants 1002:1024 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 1002:1037 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 2 26 theme canonical 395:403 arg1 repeat 414:419 the conserved canonical extensin repeat 381:419 the conserved canonical extensin repeat 381:419 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 2 27 theme consecutive 447:457 arg1 Hyps 479:482 Hyps 479:482 Hyps 479:482 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 2 27 theme consecutive 447:457 arg1 C4-hydroxyprolines 459:476 the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines 443:476 the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) 443:483 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 1 28 theme supramolecular 256:269 arg1 structure 276:284 the supramolecular wall structure 252:284 the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 252:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 7 29 theme algae 1509:1513 arg1 hallmark 1457:1464 an evolutionary hallmark 1441:1464 an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae 1441:1513 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 7 30 theme evolutionary 1444:1455 arg1 hallmark 1457:1464 an evolutionary hallmark 1441:1464 an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae 1441:1513 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 2 31 theme conserved 385:393 arg1 repeat 414:419 the conserved canonical extensin repeat 381:419 the conserved canonical extensin repeat 381:419 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 1 32 theme wall 271:274 arg1 structure 276:284 the supramolecular wall structure 252:284 the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 252:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 4 33 theme family 801:806 arg1 E 762:762 clade E 756:762 clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 756:811 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 0 34 theme plant 34:38 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 4 35 theme single 708:713 arg1 candidate 818:826 a candidate 816:826 a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage 816:939 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 35 theme single 708:713 arg1 At3g57630 742:750 At3g57630 742:750 At3g57630 742:750 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 35 theme single 708:713 arg1 gene 736:739 a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene 706:739 a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene 706:739 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 7 36 theme ExAD 1345:1348 arg1 orthologs 1350:1358 ExAD orthologs 1345:1358 ExAD orthologs 1345:1358 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 1 37 theme main 192:195 arg1 polymers 215:222 the main wall carbohydrate polymers 188:222 the main wall carbohydrate polymers 188:222 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 38 theme intra- 294:299 arg1 crosslinks 337:346 intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks 294:346 intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks 294:346 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 2 39 theme α-linked 535:542 arg1 Arafs 562:566 Arafs 562:566 Arafs 562:566 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 2 39 theme α-linked 535:542 arg1 arabinofuranoses 544:559 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses 525:559 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs) 525:567 In the conserved canonical extensin repeat, Ser-Hyp4, serine and the consecutive C4-hydroxyprolines (Hyps) are substituted with an α-galactose and 1-5 β- or α-linked arabinofuranoses (Arafs), respectively. 28358137 5 40 theme At3g57630 1029:1037 arg1 mutants 1018:1024 T-DNA knock-out mutants 1002:1024 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 1002:1037 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 1 41 theme wall 197:200 arg1 polymers 215:222 the main wall carbohydrate polymers 188:222 the main wall carbohydrate polymers 188:222 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 0 42 theme wall 45:48 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 4 43 theme side 913:916 arg1 chains 918:923 Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains 856:923 Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains 856:923 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 5 44 theme glycan 1180:1185 arg1 phenotypes 1187:1196 both root hair and glycan phenotypes 1161:1196 phenotypes 1187:1196 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 4 45 located found 982:986 arg2 Hyp-Araf4 951:959 Hyp-Araf4 951:959 Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins 951:999 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 45 located found 982:986 arg1 extensins 991:999 extensins 991:999 extensins 991:999 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 46 theme Arabidopsis 715:725 arg1 candidate 818:826 a candidate 816:826 a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage 816:939 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 46 theme Arabidopsis 715:725 arg1 At3g57630 742:750 At3g57630 742:750 At3g57630 742:750 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 4 46 theme Arabidopsis 715:725 arg1 gene 736:739 a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene 706:739 a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene 706:739 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 0 47 theme cell 40:43 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 1 48 theme inter-molecular 305:319 arg1 crosslinks 337:346 intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks 294:346 intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks 294:346 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 49 gly glycoproteins 130:142 arg1 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 156:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 49 gly glycoproteins 130:142 arg1 glycoproteins 130:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins 114:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 114:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 49 gly glycoproteins 130:142 arg1 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 5 50 theme truncated 1048:1056 arg1 phenotype 1068:1076 a truncated root hair phenotype 1046:1076 a truncated root hair phenotype 1046:1076 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 5 51 theme root 1058:1061 arg1 phenotype 1068:1076 a truncated root hair phenotype 1046:1076 a truncated root hair phenotype 1046:1076 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 1 52 theme plant 114:118 arg1 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 156:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 52 theme plant 114:118 arg1 glycoproteins 130:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins 114:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 114:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 52 theme plant 114:118 arg1 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 4 53 from gene 736:739 arg1 E 762:762 clade E 756:762 clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 756:811 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 1 54 theme iso-di-tyrosine 321:335 arg1 crosslinks 337:346 intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks 294:346 intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks 294:346 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 4 55 theme Glycosyltransferase 781:799 arg1 family 801:806 the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 767:811 the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 767:811 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 3 56 theme extended 629:636 arg1 structure 638:646 correct extended structure 621:646 correct extended structure 621:646 These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. 28358137 6 57 theme Extensin 1266:1273 arg1 ExAD 1308:1311 ExAD 1308:1311 ExAD 1308:1311 At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. 28358137 6 57 theme Extensin 1266:1273 arg1 transferase 1295:1305 Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase 1266:1305 Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase 1266:1305 At3g57630 was named Extensin Arabinose Deficient transferase, ExAD, accordingly. 28358137 1 58 theme cell 120:123 arg1 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 156:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 58 theme cell 120:123 arg1 glycoproteins 130:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins 114:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 114:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 58 theme cell 120:123 arg1 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 59 theme carbohydrate 202:213 arg1 polymers 215:222 the main wall carbohydrate polymers 188:222 the main wall carbohydrate polymers 188:222 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 3 60 theme extensin 668:675 arg1 network 677:683 the extensin network 664:683 the extensin network 664:683 These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. 28358137 4 61 theme inverting 771:779 arg1 family 801:806 the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 767:811 the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 767:811 Here, we identified a single Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At3g57630, in clade E of the inverting Glycosyltransferase family GT47 as a candidate for the transfer of Araf to Hyp-arabinofuranotriose (Hyp-β1,4Araf-β1,2Araf-β1,2Araf) side chains in an α-linkage, to yield Hyp-Araf4 which is exclusively found in extensins. 28358137 1 62 theme wall 125:128 arg1 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds 156:164 scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 156:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 62 theme wall 125:128 arg1 glycoproteins 130:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins 114:142 plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 114:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 62 theme wall 125:128 arg1 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins 100:108 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 1 63 theme polymers 215:222 arg1 deposition 174:183 the deposition 170:183 the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone 170:375 Extensins are plant cell wall glycoproteins that act as scaffolds for the deposition of the main wall carbohydrate polymers, which are interlocked into the supramolecular wall structure through intra- and inter-molecular iso-di-tyrosine crosslinks within the extensin backbone. 28358137 0 64 theme glycoprotein 59:70 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 3 65 theme network 677:683 arg1 function 652:659 function 652:659 function 652:659 These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. 28358137 3 65 theme network 677:683 arg1 structure 638:646 correct extended structure 621:646 correct extended structure 621:646 These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. 28358137 5 66 theme enzymes 1152:1158 arg1 mutants 1091:1097 mutants 1091:1097 mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1091:1158 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 7 67 theme charophyte 1492:1501 arg1 algae 1509:1513 charophyte green algae 1492:1513 charophyte green algae 1492:1513 The occurrence of ExAD orthologs within the Viridiplantae along with its' product, Hyp-Araf4, point to ExAD being an evolutionary hallmark of terrestrial plants and charophyte green algae. 28358137 0 68 theme specific 50:57 arg1 ExAD 94:97 a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD 32:97 ExAD 94:97 Identification and evolution of a plant cell wall specific glycoprotein glycosyl transferase, ExAD. 28358137 5 69 theme characterized 1115:1127 arg1 enzymes 1152:1158 all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1102:1158 all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes 1102:1158 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 28358137 3 70 theme correct 621:627 arg1 structure 638:646 correct extended structure 621:646 correct extended structure 621:646 These modifications are required for correct extended structure and function of the extensin network. 28358137 5 71 theme At3g57630 1235:1243 arg1 reintroduction 1217:1230 reintroduction 1217:1230 reintroduction of At3g57630 1217:1243 T-DNA knock-out mutants of At3g57630 showed a truncated root hair phenotype, as seen for mutants of all hitherto characterized extensin glycosylation enzymes; both root hair and glycan phenotypes were restored upon reintroduction of At3g57630. 25545171 0 0 theme cell 72:75 arg1 culture 77:83 mammalian cell culture 62:83 mammalian cell culture 62:83 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 8 1 theme glycosylation 1508:1520 arg1 changes 1522:1528 glycosylation changes 1508:1528 glycosylation changes 1508:1528 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 1 2 from role 171:174 arg1 efficacy 187:194 in vivo efficacy 179:194 in vivo efficacy 179:194 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 2 3 dep characterizing 299:312 arg1 essential 352:360 essential 352:360 essential 352:360 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 0 4 theme mammalian 62:70 arg1 culture 77:83 mammalian cell culture 62:83 mammalian cell culture 62:83 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 5 5 theme sample 877:882 arg1 preparation 884:894 a sample preparation 875:894 a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 875:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 5 6 theme preparation 884:894 arg1 platform 896:903 a sample preparation platform 875:903 a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 875:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 6 7 theme μSI 1100:1102 arg1 system 1104:1109 the μSI system 1096:1109 the μSI system 1096:1109 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 4 8 theme monitoring 766:775 arg1 framework 785:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 In an attempt to rigorously characterize the entire time-course of a fed-batch culture, a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework was developed. 25545171 6 9 used used 1134:1137 arg2 framework 1120:1128 this framework 1115:1128 this framework 1115:1128 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 6 10 theme culture 1224:1230 arg1 course 1202:1207 the course 1198:1207 the course of a fed-batch culture 1198:1230 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 6 11 theme -induced 1162:1169 arg1 changes 1185:1191 manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes 1148:1191 manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes 1148:1191 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 4 12 theme glycosylation 752:764 arg1 framework 785:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 In an attempt to rigorously characterize the entire time-course of a fed-batch culture, a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework was developed. 25545171 5 13 theme liquid 939:944 arg1 system 968:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system 918:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 918:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 3 14 theme process 555:561 arg1 aggregate 538:546 an aggregate 535:546 an aggregate of the process 535:561 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 1 15 theme central 163:169 arg1 role 171:174 its central role 159:174 its central role in in vivo efficacy 159:194 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 0 16 from monitoring 40:49 arg1 culture 77:83 mammalian cell culture 62:83 mammalian cell culture 62:83 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 2 17 theme protein 273:279 arg1 glycosylation 281:293 protein glycosylation 273:293 protein glycosylation 273:293 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 5 18 theme μSI 860:862 arg1 system 865:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 5 19 theme glycan 1016:1021 arg1 profile 1023:1029 the antibody glycan profile 1003:1029 the antibody glycan profile 1003:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 8 20 theme process 1582:1588 arg1 control 1590:1596 process control 1582:1596 process control 1582:1596 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 7 21 theme galactosylation 1288:1302 arg1 levels 1304:1309 higher galactosylation levels 1281:1309 higher galactosylation levels 1281:1309 As expected, Mn-supplemented cultures exhibited higher galactosylation levels compared to control while the fucosylation and mannosylation were consistent for both supplemented and control cultures. 25545171 5 22 theme ultra-performance 921:937 arg1 system 968:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system 918:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 918:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 3 23 dep aggregate 538:546 arg1 addition 517:524 addition 517:524 addition 517:524 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 1 24 theme in 179:180 arg1 efficacy 187:194 in vivo efficacy 179:194 in vivo efficacy 179:194 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 0 25 theme real-time 16:24 arg1 monitoring 40:49 real-time glycosylation monitoring 16:49 real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture 16:83 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 0 25 theme real-time 16:24 arg1 RT-GM 52:56 RT-GM 52:56 RT-GM 52:56 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 4 26 theme culture 731:737 arg1 time-course 704:714 time-course 704:714 time-course 704:714 In an attempt to rigorously characterize the entire time-course of a fed-batch culture, a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework was developed. 25545171 4 27 theme real-time 742:750 arg1 framework 785:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 In an attempt to rigorously characterize the entire time-course of a fed-batch culture, a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework was developed. 25545171 5 28 theme antibody 1007:1014 arg1 profile 1023:1029 the antibody glycan profile 1003:1029 the antibody glycan profile 1003:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 6 29 theme sample 1055:1060 arg1 preparations 1062:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations 1032:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations 1032:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 3 30 theme Current 406:412 arg1 practice 414:421 Current practice 406:421 Current practice 406:421 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 4 31 theme RT-GM 778:782 arg1 framework 785:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework 740:793 In an attempt to rigorously characterize the entire time-course of a fed-batch culture, a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework was developed. 25545171 6 32 theme glycosylation 1171:1183 arg1 changes 1185:1191 manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes 1148:1191 manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes 1148:1191 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 2 33 theme cellular 314:321 arg1 response 323:330 cellular response 314:330 cellular response to these changes 314:347 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 5 34 theme micro 832:836 arg1 system 865:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 7 35 theme higher 1281:1286 arg1 levels 1304:1309 higher galactosylation levels 1281:1309 higher galactosylation levels 1281:1309 As expected, Mn-supplemented cultures exhibited higher galactosylation levels compared to control while the fucosylation and mannosylation were consistent for both supplemented and control cultures. 25545171 5 36 theme sequential 838:847 arg1 system 865:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 3 37 theme culture 603:609 arg1 end 592:594 the end 588:594 the end of the culture 588:609 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 3 38 theme fed-batch 489:497 arg1 culture 499:505 a fed-batch culture 487:505 a fed-batch culture 487:505 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 0 39 theme glycosylation 26:38 arg1 monitoring 40:49 real-time glycosylation monitoring 16:49 real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture 16:83 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 0 39 theme glycosylation 26:38 arg1 RT-GM 52:56 RT-GM 52:56 RT-GM 52:56 A framework for real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) in mammalian cell culture. 25545171 7 40 theme control 1414:1420 arg1 cultures 1422:1429 control cultures 1414:1429 control cultures 1414:1429 As expected, Mn-supplemented cultures exhibited higher galactosylation levels compared to control while the fucosylation and mannosylation were consistent for both supplemented and control cultures. 25545171 3 41 theme product 635:641 arg1 majority 619:626 a majority 617:626 a majority of the product 617:641 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 2 42 theme medium 224:229 arg1 composition 231:241 medium composition 224:241 medium composition 224:241 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 3 43 theme culture 499:505 arg1 end 480:482 the end 476:482 the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made 476:649 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 8 44 theme time 1489:1492 arg1 monitoring 1494:1503 real time monitoring 1484:1503 real time monitoring of glycosylation changes 1484:1528 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 6 45 theme Automated 1032:1040 arg1 preparations 1062:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations 1032:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations 1032:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 5 46 theme profile 1023:1029 arg1 monitoring 989:998 real-time monitoring 979:998 real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 979:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 3 47 theme glycosylation 442:454 arg1 characterization 456:471 glycosylation characterization 442:471 glycosylation characterization 442:471 Current practice typically involves glycosylation characterization at the end of a fed-batch culture, which in addition to being an aggregate of the process, reflects a bias towards the end of the culture where a majority of the product is made. 25545171 6 48 theme fed-batch 1214:1222 arg1 culture 1224:1230 a fed-batch culture 1212:1230 a fed-batch culture 1212:1230 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 25545171 2 49 theme Multiple 197:204 arg1 factors 206:212 Multiple factors 197:212 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions 197:264 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 2 49 theme Multiple 197:204 arg1 composition 231:241 medium composition 224:241 medium composition 224:241 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 2 49 theme Multiple 197:204 arg1 conditions 255:264 process conditions 247:264 process conditions 247:264 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 1 50 theme critical 105:112 arg1 characteristic 114:127 a critical characteristic 103:127 a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics 103:146 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 1 50 theme critical 105:112 arg1 Glycosylation 86:98 Glycosylation 86:98 Glycosylation 86:98 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 8 51 theme optimization 1613:1624 arg1 decisions 1626:1634 optimization decisions 1613:1634 optimization decisions 1613:1634 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 8 52 theme real 1484:1487 arg1 monitoring 1494:1503 real time monitoring 1484:1503 real time monitoring of glycosylation changes 1484:1528 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 5 53 theme real-time 979:987 arg1 monitoring 989:998 real-time monitoring 979:998 real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 979:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 1 54 dep in 179:180 arg1 vivo 182:185 vivo 182:185 vivo 182:185 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 4 55 theme fed-batch 721:729 arg1 culture 731:737 a fed-batch culture 719:737 a fed-batch culture 719:737 In an attempt to rigorously characterize the entire time-course of a fed-batch culture, a real-time glycosylation monitoring (RT-GM) framework was developed. 25545171 5 56 theme chromatography 946:959 arg1 system 968:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system 918:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 918:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 5 57 theme UPLC 962:965 arg1 system 968:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system 918:973 an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile 918:1029 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 7 58 theme Mn-supplemented 1246:1260 arg1 cultures 1262:1269 Mn-supplemented cultures 1246:1269 Mn-supplemented cultures 1246:1269 As expected, Mn-supplemented cultures exhibited higher galactosylation levels compared to control while the fucosylation and mannosylation were consistent for both supplemented and control cultures. 25545171 5 59 theme injection 849:857 arg1 system 865:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 the micro sequential injection (μSI) system 828:870 It involves using the micro sequential injection (μSI) system as a sample preparation platform coupled with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system for real-time monitoring of the antibody glycan profile. 25545171 2 60 theme process 247:253 arg1 conditions 255:264 process conditions 247:264 process conditions 247:264 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 1 61 theme biotherapeutics 132:146 arg1 characteristic 114:127 a critical characteristic 103:127 a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics 103:146 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 1 61 theme biotherapeutics 132:146 arg1 Glycosylation 86:98 Glycosylation 86:98 Glycosylation 86:98 Glycosylation is a critical characteristic of biotherapeutics because of its central role in in vivo efficacy. 25545171 8 62 theme changes 1522:1528 arg1 monitoring 1494:1503 real time monitoring 1484:1503 real time monitoring of glycosylation changes 1484:1528 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 8 63 theme process 1650:1656 arg1 development 1658:1668 process development 1650:1668 process development 1650:1668 Overall, the approach presented in the study allows real time monitoring of glycosylation changes and this information can be rapidly translated into process control and/or process optimization decisions to accelerate process development. 25545171 2 64 theme underlying 380:389 arg1 relationships 391:403 the underlying relationships 376:403 the underlying relationships 376:403 Multiple factors including medium composition and process conditions impact protein glycosylation and characterizing cellular response to these changes is essential to understand the underlying relationships. 25545171 6 65 theme sampling 1042:1049 arg1 preparations 1062:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations 1032:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations 1032:1073 Automated sampling and sample preparations were performed using the μSI system and this framework was used to study manganese (Mn)-induced glycosylation changes over the course of a fed-batch culture. 27395039 0 0 theme aeruginosa 75:84 arg1 properties 58:67 properties 58:67 properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis 58:100 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 0 0 theme aeruginosa 75:84 arg1 role 112:115 their role 106:115 their role in bacterial adhesion 106:137 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 3 1 theme conformational 702:715 arg1 properties 717:726 their adhesive and conformational properties 683:726 their adhesive and conformational properties 683:726 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 7 2 dep polysaccharides 1256:1270 arg1 constituents 1288:1299 constituents 1288:1299 constituents 1288:1299 However, relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents varied with the growth mode of the bacteria. 27395039 1 3 theme Extracellular 140:152 arg1 matrix 181:186 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix 140:186 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm 140:197 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 6 4 attach present 1106:1112 arg1 EPS 1117:1119 EPS 1117:1119 EPS from B. subtilis 1117:1136 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 6 4 attach present 1106:1112 arg2 compounds 1091:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 4 5 theme planktonic 897:906 arg1 cells 920:924 planktonic and biofilm cells 897:924 planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 897:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 6 6 from aeruginosa 1157:1166 arg1 EPS 1145:1147 EPS 1145:1147 EPS from P. aeruginosa 1145:1166 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 1 7 theme polymeric 154:162 arg1 EPS 176:178 EPS 176:178 EPS 176:178 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 1 7 theme polymeric 154:162 arg1 substances 164:173 polymeric substances 154:173 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm 140:197 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 1 8 theme diffusion 235:243 arg1 barrier 245:251 a diffusion barrier 233:251 a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate 233:340 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 3 9 theme adhesive 689:696 arg1 properties 717:726 their adhesive and conformational properties 683:726 their adhesive and conformational properties 683:726 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 8 10 theme Force 1450:1454 arg1 SMFS 1470:1473 SMFS 1470:1473 SMFS 1470:1473 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 8 10 theme Force 1450:1454 arg1 Spectroscopy 1456:1467 Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy 1434:1467 Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) 1434:1474 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 10 11 theme biofilm 1810:1816 arg1 growth 1818:1823 biofilm growth 1810:1823 biofilm growth 1810:1823 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 5 12 theme different 1026:1034 arg1 species 1036:1042 the two different species 1018:1042 the two different species 1018:1042 Various spectroscopy analyses showed that EPS produced by the two different species were chemically dissimilar. 27395039 6 13 theme carbohydrate 1198:1209 arg1 components 1211:1220 greater carbohydrate components 1190:1220 greater carbohydrate components 1190:1220 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 9 14 theme lesser 1625:1630 arg1 effects 1642:1648 lesser adherence effects 1625:1648 lesser adherence effects 1625:1648 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 4 15 theme biofilm 912:918 arg1 cells 920:924 planktonic and biofilm cells 897:924 planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 897:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 4 16 theme Present 773:779 arg1 study 781:785 Present study 773:785 Present study 773:785 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 7 17 theme relative 1232:1239 arg1 proportions 1241:1251 relative proportions 1232:1251 relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents 1232:1299 However, relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents varied with the growth mode of the bacteria. 27395039 8 18 theme Molecule 1441:1448 arg1 SMFS 1470:1473 SMFS 1470:1473 SMFS 1470:1473 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 8 18 theme Molecule 1441:1448 arg1 Spectroscopy 1456:1467 Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy 1434:1467 Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) 1434:1474 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 4 19 theme EPS 881:883 arg1 properties 867:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties 822:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 822:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 9 20 theme bacterial 1499:1507 arg1 species 1509:1515 the two bacterial species 1491:1515 the two bacterial species 1491:1515 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 3 21 theme bacterial 521:529 arg1 adhesion 531:538 bacterial adhesion 521:538 bacterial adhesion to surfaces 521:550 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 1 22 theme substances 164:173 arg1 matrix 181:186 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix 140:186 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm 140:197 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 0 23 theme subtilis 93:100 arg1 properties 58:67 properties 58:67 properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis 58:100 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 0 23 theme subtilis 93:100 arg1 role 112:115 their role 106:115 their role in bacterial adhesion 106:137 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 8 24 theme EPS 1396:1398 arg1 nature 1386:1391 the adhesive nature 1373:1391 the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) 1373:1474 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 9 25 theme polysaccharides 1548:1562 arg1 presence 1536:1543 the presence 1532:1543 the presence of polysaccharides 1532:1562 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 3 26 theme adhesion 531:538 arg1 understanding 504:516 a comprehensive understanding 488:516 a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces 488:550 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 6 27 located present 1106:1112 arg1 EPS 1117:1119 EPS 1117:1119 EPS from B. subtilis 1117:1136 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 6 27 located present 1106:1112 arg2 compounds 1091:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 2 28 theme enhanced 376:383 arg1 resilience 385:394 enhanced resilience 376:394 enhanced resilience unlike planktonic cells 376:418 Therefore, biofilm cells exhibit enhanced resilience unlike planktonic cells, and are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 7 29 theme proteins 1279:1286 arg1 proportions 1241:1251 relative proportions 1232:1251 relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents 1232:1299 However, relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents varied with the growth mode of the bacteria. 27395039 9 30 theme EPS 1602:1604 arg1 strength 1586:1593 the adhesion strength 1573:1593 the adhesion strength of the EPS 1573:1604 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 5 31 theme spectroscopy 968:979 arg1 analyses 981:988 Various spectroscopy analyses 960:988 Various spectroscopy analyses 960:988 Various spectroscopy analyses showed that EPS produced by the two different species were chemically dissimilar. 27395039 9 32 theme adherence 1632:1640 arg1 effects 1642:1648 lesser adherence effects 1625:1648 lesser adherence effects 1625:1648 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 1 33 theme antimicrobial 256:268 arg1 agents 270:275 antimicrobial agents 256:275 antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate 256:340 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 6 34 from present 1106:1112 arg1 EPS 1117:1119 EPS 1117:1119 EPS from B. subtilis 1117:1136 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 6 35 theme greater 1190:1196 arg1 components 1211:1220 greater carbohydrate components 1190:1220 greater carbohydrate components 1190:1220 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 10 36 theme modes 1680:1684 arg1 Comparison 1651:1660 Comparison 1651:1660 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain 1651:1714 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 0 37 theme polymeric 31:39 arg1 EPS 53:55 EPS 53:55 EPS 53:55 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 0 37 theme polymeric 31:39 arg1 substances 41:50 extracellular polymeric substances 17:50 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 17:56 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 10 38 theme same 1694:1697 arg1 strain 1709:1714 the same bacterial strain 1690:1714 the same bacterial strain 1690:1714 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 4 39 theme aeruginosa 948:957 arg1 cells 920:924 planktonic and biofilm cells 897:924 planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 897:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 3 40 dep composition 570:580 arg1 the 566:568 the 566:568 the 566:568 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 6 41 from EPS 1117:1119 arg1 present 1106:1112 present 1106:1112 present 1106:1112 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 0 42 theme extracellular 17:29 arg1 EPS 53:55 EPS 53:55 EPS 53:55 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 0 42 theme extracellular 17:29 arg1 substances 41:50 extracellular polymeric substances 17:50 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 17:56 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 3 43 theme biofilm 646:652 arg1 formation 654:662 biofilm formation 646:662 biofilm formation 646:662 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 0 44 dep properties 58:67 arg1 Investigation 0:12 Investigation 0:12 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 0:56 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 9 45 theme adhesion 1577:1584 arg1 strength 1586:1593 the adhesion strength 1573:1593 the adhesion strength of the EPS 1573:1604 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 7 46 theme growth 1317:1322 arg1 mode 1324:1327 the growth mode 1313:1327 the growth mode of the bacteria 1313:1343 However, relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents varied with the growth mode of the bacteria. 27395039 8 47 used used 1359:1362 arg2 AFM 1346:1348 AFM 1346:1348 AFM 1346:1348 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 3 48 theme molecular 756:764 arg1 level 766:770 molecular level 756:770 molecular level 756:770 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 0 49 theme bacterial 120:128 arg1 adhesion 130:137 bacterial adhesion 120:137 bacterial adhesion 120:137 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 9 50 theme species 1509:1515 arg1 Comparison 1477:1486 Comparison 1477:1486 Comparison of the two bacterial species 1477:1515 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 3 51 theme conformational 586:599 arg1 properties 601:610 conformational properties 586:610 conformational properties 586:610 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 2 52 theme planktonic 403:412 arg1 cells 414:418 planktonic cells 403:418 planktonic cells 403:418 Therefore, biofilm cells exhibit enhanced resilience unlike planktonic cells, and are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 0 53 theme substances 41:50 arg1 Investigation 0:12 Investigation 0:12 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 0:56 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 1 54 theme biofilm 285:291 arg1 cells 293:297 biofilm cells 285:297 biofilm cells 285:297 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 8 55 theme Single 1434:1439 arg1 SMFS 1470:1473 SMFS 1470:1473 SMFS 1470:1473 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 8 55 theme Single 1434:1439 arg1 Spectroscopy 1456:1467 Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy 1434:1467 Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) 1434:1474 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 3 56 theme properties 601:610 arg1 knowledge 553:561 knowledge 553:561 knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation 553:662 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 6 57 theme proteinaceous 1077:1089 arg1 compounds 1091:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 10 58 theme cellular 1772:1779 arg1 adhesion 1781:1788 enhanced cellular adhesion 1763:1788 enhanced cellular adhesion 1763:1788 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 0 59 from properties 58:67 arg1 adhesion 130:137 bacterial adhesion 120:137 bacterial adhesion 120:137 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 3 60 theme composition 570:580 arg1 knowledge 553:561 knowledge 553:561 knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation 553:662 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 7 61 theme bacteria 1336:1343 arg1 mode 1324:1327 the growth mode 1313:1327 the growth mode of the bacteria 1313:1343 However, relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents varied with the growth mode of the bacteria. 27395039 10 62 theme enhanced 1763:1770 arg1 adhesion 1781:1788 enhanced cellular adhesion 1763:1788 enhanced cellular adhesion 1763:1788 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 4 63 theme conformational 852:865 arg1 properties 867:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties 822:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 822:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 1 64 from matrix 181:186 arg1 biofilm 191:197 biofilm 191:197 biofilm 191:197 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 10 65 theme EPS 1744:1746 arg1 production 1748:1757 greater EPS production 1736:1757 greater EPS production 1736:1757 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 10 66 theme growth 1673:1678 arg1 modes 1680:1684 the two growth modes 1665:1684 the two growth modes 1665:1684 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 3 67 theme comprehensive 490:502 arg1 understanding 504:516 a comprehensive understanding 488:516 a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces 488:550 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 4 68 theme compositional 834:846 arg1 properties 867:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties 822:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 822:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 10 69 theme greater 1736:1742 arg1 production 1748:1757 greater EPS production 1736:1757 greater EPS production 1736:1757 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 1 70 theme important 205:213 arg1 barrier 245:251 a diffusion barrier 233:251 a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate 233:340 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 1 70 theme important 205:213 arg1 functions 215:223 important functions 205:223 important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate 205:340 Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix in biofilm poses important functions such as a diffusion barrier to antimicrobial agents so that biofilm cells are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 4 71 theme subtilis 932:939 arg1 cells 920:924 planktonic and biofilm cells 897:924 planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 897:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 4 72 theme further 800:806 arg1 insights 808:815 further insights 800:815 further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 800:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 5 73 theme Various 960:966 arg1 analyses 981:988 Various spectroscopy analyses 960:988 Various spectroscopy analyses 960:988 Various spectroscopy analyses showed that EPS produced by the two different species were chemically dissimilar. 27395039 8 74 theme adhesive 1377:1384 arg1 nature 1386:1391 the adhesive nature 1373:1391 the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS) 1373:1474 AFM was then used to probe the adhesive nature of EPS produced by the bacteria by using Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 27395039 10 75 theme bacterial 1699:1707 arg1 strain 1709:1714 the same bacterial strain 1690:1714 the same bacterial strain 1690:1714 Comparison of the two growth modes for the same bacterial strain also indicated that greater EPS production and enhanced cellular adhesion are associated with biofilm growth. 27395039 4 76 theme identifying 822:832 arg1 properties 867:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties 822:876 identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa 822:957 Present study has provided further insights into identifying compositional and conformational properties of EPS produced by planktonic and biofilm cells of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa. 27395039 6 77 from subtilis 1129:1136 arg1 EPS 1117:1119 EPS 1117:1119 EPS from B. subtilis 1117:1136 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 2 78 theme biofilm 354:360 arg1 cells 362:366 biofilm cells 354:366 biofilm cells 354:366 Therefore, biofilm cells exhibit enhanced resilience unlike planktonic cells, and are more difficult to completely eliminate. 27395039 0 79 from role 112:115 arg1 adhesion 130:137 bacterial adhesion 120:137 bacterial adhesion 120:137 Investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties of P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis and their role in bacterial adhesion. 27395039 3 80 theme EPS 615:617 arg1 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 composition 570:580 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 3 80 theme EPS 615:617 arg1 properties 601:610 conformational properties 586:610 conformational properties 586:610 In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of bacterial adhesion to surfaces, knowledge of the composition and conformational properties of EPS produced during growth and biofilm formation is required, since their adhesive and conformational properties remain poorly understood at molecular level. 27395039 9 81 contain had 1621:1623 arg1 proteins 1612:1619 proteins 1612:1619 proteins 1612:1619 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 9 81 contain had 1621:1623 arg2 effects 1642:1648 lesser adherence effects 1625:1648 lesser adherence effects 1625:1648 Comparison of the two bacterial species indicated that the presence of polysaccharides promoted the adhesion strength of the EPS while proteins had lesser adherence effects. 27395039 6 82 theme More 1072:1075 arg1 compounds 1091:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds 1072:1099 More proteinaceous compounds were present in EPS from B. subtilis, while EPS from P. aeruginosa were characterized by greater carbohydrate components. 27395039 7 83 theme polysaccharides 1256:1270 arg1 proportions 1241:1251 relative proportions 1232:1251 relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents 1232:1299 However, relative proportions of polysaccharides and/or proteins constituents varied with the growth mode of the bacteria. 24708960 8 0 theme antioxidant 1031:1041 arg1 properties 1043:1052 obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties 995:1052 obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties 995:1052 The degradation polysaccharides exhibited obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties. 24708960 7 1 dep in 850:851 arg1 vitro 853:857 vitro 853:857 vitro 853:857 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 4 2 theme Molecular 469:477 arg1 weights 479:485 Molecular weights 469:485 Molecular weights 469:485 Molecular weights were determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. 24708960 4 3 theme high 506:509 arg1 chromatography 538:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 Molecular weights were determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. 24708960 1 4 theme chronic 170:176 arg1 gastritis 178:186 chronic gastritis 170:186 chronic gastritis 170:186 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 7 5 theme ABTS 920:923 arg1 radicals 925:932 ABTS radicals 920:932 ABTS radicals 920:932 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 sclerotium 89:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 7 7 theme radicals 925:932 arg1 activity 889:896 scavenging activity 878:896 scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions 878:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 8 8 theme degradation 957:967 arg1 polysaccharides 969:983 The degradation polysaccharides 953:983 The degradation polysaccharides 953:983 The degradation polysaccharides exhibited obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties. 24708960 2 9 theme active 284:289 arg1 component 291:299 the main active component 275:299 the main active component of P. cocos 275:311 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 2 9 theme active 284:289 arg1 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 7 10 theme radicals 910:917 arg1 activity 889:896 scavenging activity 878:896 scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions 878:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 2 11 theme main 279:282 arg1 component 291:299 the main active component 275:299 the main active component of P. cocos 275:311 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 2 11 theme main 279:282 arg1 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 6 12 theme characteristic 727:740 arg1 peaks 742:746 obvious characteristic peaks 719:746 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides 719:765 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 24708960 3 13 theme cocos 393:397 arg1 PCP 416:418 PCP 416:418 PCP 416:418 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 13 theme cocos 393:397 arg1 polysaccharides 399:413 cocos polysaccharides 393:413 P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution 390:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 5 14 theme monosaccharide 571:584 arg1 composition 586:596 monosaccharide composition 571:596 monosaccharide composition 571:596 HPLC analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 are heteropolysaccharides composed of glucose and arabinose. 24708960 3 15 with polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 concentrations 436:449 different concentrations 426:449 different concentrations of H2O2 solution 426:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 6 16 theme obvious 719:725 arg1 peaks 742:746 obvious characteristic peaks 719:746 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides 719:765 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 24708960 3 17 from degradation 375:385 arg1 polysaccharides 326:340 polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 326:364 polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution 326:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 17 from degradation 375:385 arg1 PCP-2 349:353 PCP-2 349:353 PCP-2 349:353 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 17 from degradation 375:385 arg1 PCP-3 360:364 PCP-3 360:364 PCP-3 360:364 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 17 from degradation 375:385 arg1 PCP-1 342:346 PCP-1 342:346 PCP-1 342:346 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 10 18 theme DNA 1236:1238 arg1 protection 1247:1256 DNA damage protection 1236:1256 DNA damage protection 1236:1256 However, each polysaccharide had a certain capacity for DNA damage protection. 24708960 5 19 theme composition 586:596 arg1 analysis 559:566 HPLC analysis 554:566 HPLC analysis of monosaccharide composition 554:596 HPLC analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 are heteropolysaccharides composed of glucose and arabinose. 24708960 1 20 theme Poria 101:105 arg1 medicine 147:154 a Chinese traditional medicine 125:154 a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh 125:252 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 1 20 theme Poria 101:105 arg1 F.A.Wolf 113:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 7 21 theme hydroxyl 901:908 arg1 radicals 910:917 hydroxyl radicals 901:917 hydroxyl radicals 901:917 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 3 22 dep polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 P. 390:391 P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution 390:466 P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution 390:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 2 23 theme cocos 307:311 arg1 component 291:299 the main active component 275:299 the main active component of P. cocos 275:311 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 2 23 theme cocos 307:311 arg1 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides 255:269 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 7 24 theme scavenging 878:887 arg1 activity 889:896 scavenging activity 878:896 scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions 878:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 9 25 contain had 1107:1109 arg2 capacity 1122:1129 a stronger capacity 1111:1129 a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA 1111:1177 In addition, DNA binding analysis showed that PCP-1 had a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA. 24708960 9 25 contain had 1107:1109 arg1 PCP-1 1101:1105 PCP-1 1101:1105 PCP-1 1101:1105 In addition, DNA binding analysis showed that PCP-1 had a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA. 24708960 2 26 theme P. 304:305 arg1 cocos 307:311 P. cocos 304:311 P. cocos 304:311 Polysaccharides are the main active component of P. cocos. 24708960 6 27 theme IR 698:699 arg1 spectra 701:707 IR spectra 698:707 IR spectra 698:707 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 24708960 1 28 theme cocos 107:111 arg1 medicine 147:154 a Chinese traditional medicine 125:154 a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh 125:252 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 1 28 theme cocos 107:111 arg1 F.A.Wolf 113:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 7 29 theme established 838:848 arg1 activity 889:896 scavenging activity 878:896 scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions 878:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 7 29 theme established 838:848 arg1 systems 859:865 established in vitro systems 838:865 established in vitro systems 838:865 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 10 30 contain had 1209:1211 arg2 capacity 1223:1230 a certain capacity 1213:1230 a certain capacity for DNA damage protection 1213:1256 However, each polysaccharide had a certain capacity for DNA damage protection. 24708960 10 30 contain had 1209:1211 arg1 polysaccharide 1194:1207 each polysaccharide 1189:1207 each polysaccharide 1189:1207 However, each polysaccharide had a certain capacity for DNA damage protection. 24708960 9 31 theme DNA 1068:1070 arg1 analysis 1080:1087 DNA binding analysis 1068:1087 DNA binding analysis 1068:1087 In addition, DNA binding analysis showed that PCP-1 had a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA. 24708960 3 32 theme H2O2 454:457 arg1 solution 459:466 H2O2 solution 454:466 H2O2 solution 454:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 0 33 theme degraded 47:54 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 degraded polysaccharides 47:70 degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium 47:98 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 7 34 theme in 850:851 arg1 activity 889:896 scavenging activity 878:896 scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions 878:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 7 34 theme in 850:851 arg1 systems 859:865 established in vitro systems 838:865 established in vitro systems 838:865 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 3 35 dep polysaccharides 326:340 arg1 polysaccharides 326:340 polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 326:364 polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution 326:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 35 dep polysaccharides 326:340 arg1 PCP-2 349:353 PCP-2 349:353 PCP-2 349:353 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 35 dep polysaccharides 326:340 arg1 PCP-3 360:364 PCP-3 360:364 PCP-3 360:364 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 3 35 dep polysaccharides 326:340 arg1 PCP-1 342:346 PCP-1 342:346 PCP-1 342:346 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 0 36 from sclerotium 89:98 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 0 36 from sclerotium 89:98 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 0 36 from sclerotium 89:98 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 degraded polysaccharides 47:70 degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium 47:98 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 1 37 theme gastric 207:213 arg1 atony 215:219 gastric atony 207:219 gastric atony 207:219 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 3 38 theme polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 degradation 375:385 the degradation 371:385 the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution 371:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 4 39 theme size 523:526 arg1 chromatography 538:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 Molecular weights were determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. 24708960 9 40 theme binding 1072:1078 arg1 analysis 1080:1087 DNA binding analysis 1068:1087 DNA binding analysis 1068:1087 In addition, DNA binding analysis showed that PCP-1 had a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA. 24708960 7 41 theme antioxidant 772:782 arg1 activities 784:793 The antioxidant activities 768:793 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides 768:818 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 10 42 theme certain 1215:1221 arg1 capacity 1223:1230 a certain capacity 1213:1230 a certain capacity for DNA damage protection 1213:1256 However, each polysaccharide had a certain capacity for DNA damage protection. 24708960 4 43 theme performance 511:521 arg1 chromatography 538:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 Molecular weights were determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. 24708960 10 44 theme damage 1240:1245 arg1 protection 1247:1256 DNA damage protection 1236:1256 DNA damage protection 1236:1256 However, each polysaccharide had a certain capacity for DNA damage protection. 24708960 5 45 theme HPLC 554:557 arg1 analysis 559:566 HPLC analysis 554:566 HPLC analysis of monosaccharide composition 554:596 HPLC analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 are heteropolysaccharides composed of glucose and arabinose. 24708960 0 46 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 0 46 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 7 47 theme polysaccharides 804:818 arg1 activities 784:793 The antioxidant activities 768:793 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides 768:818 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 8 48 theme obvious 995:1001 arg1 properties 1043:1052 obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties 995:1052 obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties 995:1052 The degradation polysaccharides exhibited obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties. 24708960 1 49 theme Chinese 127:133 arg1 medicine 147:154 a Chinese traditional medicine 125:154 a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh 125:252 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 1 49 theme Chinese 127:133 arg1 F.A.Wolf 113:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 4 50 theme exclusion 528:536 arg1 chromatography 538:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 high performance size exclusion chromatography 506:551 Molecular weights were determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. 24708960 1 51 theme traditional 135:145 arg1 medicine 147:154 a Chinese traditional medicine 125:154 a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh 125:252 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 1 51 theme traditional 135:145 arg1 F.A.Wolf 113:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf 101:120 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 8 52 theme concentration-dependent 1007:1029 arg1 properties 1043:1052 obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties 995:1052 obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties 995:1052 The degradation polysaccharides exhibited obvious and concentration-dependent antioxidant properties. 24708960 7 53 theme ferrous 939:945 arg1 ions 947:950 ferrous ions 939:950 ferrous ions 939:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 3 54 theme solution 459:466 arg1 concentrations 436:449 different concentrations 426:449 different concentrations of H2O2 solution 426:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 0 55 theme cocos 83:87 arg1 sclerotium 89:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 9 56 theme other 1136:1140 arg1 polysaccharides 1142:1156 other polysaccharides 1136:1156 other polysaccharides 1136:1156 In addition, DNA binding analysis showed that PCP-1 had a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA. 24708960 3 57 theme different 426:434 arg1 concentrations 436:449 different concentrations 426:449 different concentrations of H2O2 solution 426:466 We obtained polysaccharides PCP-1, PCP-2, and PCP-3 from the degradation of P. cocos polysaccharides (PCP) with different concentrations of H2O2 solution. 24708960 7 58 theme ions 947:950 arg1 activity 889:896 scavenging activity 878:896 scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions 878:950 The antioxidant activities of these polysaccharides were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals, and ferrous ions. 24708960 1 59 theme acute 226:230 arg1 catarrh 246:252 acute gastroenteric catarrh 226:252 acute gastroenteric catarrh 226:252 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 24708960 0 60 theme Poria 77:81 arg1 sclerotium 89:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 0 61 from activities 33:42 arg1 sclerotium 89:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Poria cocos sclerotium 77:98 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 0 62 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of degraded polysaccharides from Poria cocos sclerotium. 24708960 6 63 theme polysaccharides 751:765 arg1 peaks 742:746 obvious characteristic peaks 719:746 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides 719:765 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. 24708960 9 64 theme stronger 1113:1120 arg1 capacity 1122:1129 a stronger capacity 1111:1129 a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA 1111:1177 In addition, DNA binding analysis showed that PCP-1 had a stronger capacity than other polysaccharides to interact with DNA. 24708960 1 65 theme gastroenteric 232:244 arg1 catarrh 246:252 acute gastroenteric catarrh 226:252 acute gastroenteric catarrh 226:252 Poria cocos F.A.Wolf is a Chinese traditional medicine used to treat chronic gastritis, edema, nephrosis, gastric atony, and acute gastroenteric catarrh. 28947220 5 0 theme HLP1-1 666:671 arg1 compositions 650:661 The monosaccharide compositions 631:661 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 631:671 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. 28947220 2 1 theme anticancer 356:365 arg1 activities 367:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities 318:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 318:397 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 were investigated. 28947220 4 2 theme triple-helical 586:599 arg1 conformation 601:612 triple-helical conformation 586:612 triple-helical conformation 586:612 Tertiary structure analyses indicated that HLP2-1 had triple-helical conformation, but HLP1-1 not. 28947220 0 3 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 0 3 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 0 3 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 antioxidant 32:42 antioxidant 32:42 antioxidant 32:42 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 0 3 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 activities 59:68 anticancer activities 48:68 anticancer activities 48:68 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 0 4 theme Bachu 110:114 arg1 mushroom 116:123 Bachu mushroom 110:123 Bachu mushroom 110:123 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 6 5 theme antioxidant 892:902 arg1 activity 904:911 a certain antioxidant activity 882:911 a certain antioxidant activity 882:911 Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 showed a certain antioxidant activity, and HLP2-1 showed stronger antioxidant activities than HLP1-1. 28947220 3 6 dep weight 486:491 arg1 23,063Da 507:514 23,063Da 507:514 23,063Da 507:514 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 3 6 dep weight 486:491 arg1 21,382Da 494:501 21,382Da 494:501 21,382Da 494:501 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 6 7 theme stronger 932:939 arg1 activities 953:962 stronger antioxidant activities 932:962 stronger antioxidant activities 932:962 Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 showed a certain antioxidant activity, and HLP2-1 showed stronger antioxidant activities than HLP1-1. 28947220 1 8 dep fractions 151:159 arg1 HLP1-1 162:167 HLP1-1 162:167 HLP1-1 162:167 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 8 dep fractions 151:159 arg1 fractions 151:159 Two novel polysaccharide fractions 126:159 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) 126:179 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 8 dep fractions 151:159 arg1 HLP2-1 173:178 HLP2-1 173:178 HLP2-1 173:178 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 6 9 theme certain 884:890 arg1 activity 904:911 a certain antioxidant activity 882:911 a certain antioxidant activity 882:911 Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 showed a certain antioxidant activity, and HLP2-1 showed stronger antioxidant activities than HLP1-1. 28947220 5 10 theme monosaccharide 635:648 arg1 compositions 650:661 The monosaccharide compositions 631:661 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 631:671 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. 28947220 2 11 theme HLP2-1 392:397 arg1 activities 367:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities 318:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 318:397 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 were investigated. 28947220 2 12 theme HLP1-1 381:386 arg1 activities 367:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities 318:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 318:397 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 were investigated. 28947220 1 13 theme Sephadex 284:291 arg1 1.6×60cm 307:314 1.6×60cm 307:314 1.6×60cm 307:314 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 13 theme Sephadex 284:291 arg1 column 299:304 Sephadex G-150 column 284:304 Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm) 284:315 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 14 theme crude 200:204 arg1 polysaccharides 206:220 crude polysaccharides 200:220 crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus 200:241 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 5 15 theme molar 820:824 arg1 ratio 826:830 a molar ratio 818:830 a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3 818:849 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. 28947220 1 16 theme G-150 293:297 arg1 1.6×60cm 307:314 1.6×60cm 307:314 1.6×60cm 307:314 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 16 theme G-150 293:297 arg1 column 299:304 Sephadex G-150 column 284:304 Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm) 284:315 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 5 17 theme molar 721:725 arg1 ratio 727:731 a molar ratio 719:731 a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6 719:746 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. 28947220 3 18 theme similar 468:474 arg1 weight 486:491 similar molecular weight 468:491 similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively) 468:529 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 7 19 from inhibition 1023:1032 arg1 HepG2 1037:1041 HepG2 1037:1041 HepG2 1037:1041 Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 exhibited a relatively inhibition on HepG2. 28947220 5 20 theme 4.2:1:18.1:27.3 835:849 arg1 ratio 826:830 a molar ratio 818:830 a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3 818:849 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. 28947220 3 21 theme GPC 422:424 arg1 results 426:432 The GPC results 418:432 The GPC results 418:432 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 1 22 theme Helvella 225:232 arg1 polysaccharides 206:220 crude polysaccharides 200:220 crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus 200:241 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 5 23 theme 11.8:1:78.6 736:746 arg1 ratio 727:731 a molar ratio 719:731 a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6 719:746 The monosaccharide compositions of HLP1-1 included rhamnose, glucosamine and mannose at a molar ratio of 11.8:1:78.6, and HLP2-1 included of rhamnose, glucosamine, glucose and mannose at a molar ratio of 4.2:1:18.1:27.3. 28947220 3 24 contain had 464:466 arg1 HLP2-1 457:462 HLP2-1 457:462 HLP2-1 457:462 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 3 24 contain had 464:466 arg1 HLP1-1 446:451 HLP1-1 446:451 HLP1-1 446:451 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 3 24 contain had 464:466 arg2 weight 486:491 similar molecular weight 468:491 similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively) 468:529 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 4 25 contain had 582:584 arg2 conformation 601:612 triple-helical conformation 586:612 triple-helical conformation 586:612 Tertiary structure analyses indicated that HLP2-1 had triple-helical conformation, but HLP1-1 not. 28947220 4 25 contain had 582:584 arg1 HLP2-1 575:580 HLP2-1 575:580 HLP2-1 575:580 Tertiary structure analyses indicated that HLP2-1 had triple-helical conformation, but HLP1-1 not. 28947220 2 26 theme antioxidant 340:350 arg1 activities 367:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities 318:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 318:397 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 were investigated. 28947220 0 27 theme anticancer 48:57 arg1 activities 59:68 anticancer activities 48:68 anticancer activities 48:68 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 4 28 theme structure 541:549 arg1 analyses 551:558 Tertiary structure analyses 532:558 Tertiary structure analyses 532:558 Tertiary structure analyses indicated that HLP2-1 had triple-helical conformation, but HLP1-1 not. 28947220 3 29 theme molecular 476:484 arg1 weight 486:491 similar molecular weight 468:491 similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively) 468:529 The GPC results showed that HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 had similar molecular weight (21,382Da and 23,063Da, respectively). 28947220 1 30 theme novel 130:134 arg1 HLP1-1 162:167 HLP1-1 162:167 HLP1-1 162:167 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 30 theme novel 130:134 arg1 fractions 151:159 Two novel polysaccharide fractions 126:159 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) 126:179 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 30 theme novel 130:134 arg1 HLP2-1 173:178 HLP2-1 173:178 HLP2-1 173:178 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 4 31 theme Tertiary 532:539 arg1 analyses 551:558 Tertiary structure analyses 532:558 Tertiary structure analyses 532:558 Tertiary structure analyses indicated that HLP2-1 had triple-helical conformation, but HLP1-1 not. 28947220 1 32 theme polysaccharide 136:149 arg1 HLP1-1 162:167 HLP1-1 162:167 HLP1-1 162:167 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 32 theme polysaccharide 136:149 arg1 fractions 151:159 Two novel polysaccharide fractions 126:159 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) 126:179 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 32 theme polysaccharide 136:149 arg1 HLP2-1 173:178 HLP2-1 173:178 HLP2-1 173:178 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 1 33 dep Helvella 225:232 arg1 leucopus 234:241 Helvella leucopus 225:241 Helvella leucopus 225:241 Two novel polysaccharide fractions (HLP1-1 and HLP2-1) were purified from crude polysaccharides of Helvella leucopus by using DEAE-52 column (2.6cm×20cm) and Sephadex G-150 column (1.6×60cm). 28947220 2 34 theme characterization 322:337 arg1 activities 367:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities 318:376 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 318:397 The characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 were investigated. 28947220 0 35 theme novel 73:77 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 novel polysaccharides 73:93 novel polysaccharides 73:93 Purification, characterization, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides extracted from Bachu mushroom. 28947220 6 36 theme antioxidant 941:951 arg1 activities 953:962 stronger antioxidant activities 932:962 stronger antioxidant activities 932:962 Both HLP1-1 and HLP2-1 showed a certain antioxidant activity, and HLP2-1 showed stronger antioxidant activities than HLP1-1. 27502279 8 0 from residues 1639:1646 arg1 ratio 1672:1676 a non-stoichiometric ratio 1651:1676 a non-stoichiometric ratio 1651:1676 The O-acetylation occurs on the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio, and each octasaccharide subunit is on average substituted with three O-acetyl groups. 27502279 6 1 theme high 1404:1407 arg1 polymer 1428:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 3 2 from R7A 649:651 arg1 exopolysaccharide 619:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 600:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 600:898 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 4 3 theme low 1032:1034 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1051:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. 27502279 5 4 theme acetylated 1161:1170 arg1 octasaccharide 1172:1185 the acetylated octasaccharide 1157:1185 the acetylated octasaccharide 1157:1185 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 5 theme 1→4 1326:1328 arg1 -β-d-Galp 1345:1353 (2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1308:1353 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 1 6 theme thread 275:280 arg1 formation 282:290 infection thread formation 265:290 infection thread formation 265:290 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27502279 7 7 dep glucose 1525:1531 arg1 asterisked 1534:1543 asterisked 1534:1543 asterisked above 1534:1549 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 9 8 theme binding 1843:1849 arg1 consequences 1929:1940 the positive or negative consequences 1904:1940 the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1904:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 9 8 theme binding 1843:1849 arg1 studies 1818:1824 studies 1818:1824 studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1818:1898 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 4 9 theme mass 1046:1049 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1051:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. 27502279 9 10 theme M. 1962:1963 arg1 mutants 1974:1980 the M. loti exo mutants 1958:1980 the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1958:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 5 11 theme monomer 1141:1147 arg1 unit 1149:1152 a monomer unit 1139:1152 a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1139:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 11 theme monomer 1141:1147 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1102:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1079:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A 1079:1134 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 9 12 theme exo 1970:1972 arg1 mutants 1974:1980 the M. loti exo mutants 1958:1980 the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1958:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 2 13 from nodules 391:397 arg1 Gifu 415:418 Gifu 415:418 Gifu 415:418 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 3 14 theme receptor-like 566:578 arg1 EPR3 588:591 EPR3 588:591 EPR3 588:591 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 3 14 theme receptor-like 566:578 arg1 kinase 580:585 a plant receptor-like kinase 558:585 a plant receptor-like kinase 558:585 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 3 15 theme low 600:602 arg1 exopolysaccharide 619:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 600:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 600:898 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 7 16 theme glucose 1525:1531 arg1 C-4 1507:1509 C-4 1507:1509 C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide 1507:1572 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 1 17 theme Mesorhizobium 148:160 arg1 loti 162:165 Mesorhizobium loti 148:165 Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A 148:176 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27502279 5 18 dep β-d-Glcp- 1293:1301 arg1 -β-d-Galp 1345:1353 (2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1308:1353 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 0 19 theme Mesorhizobium 77:89 arg1 loti 91:94 Mesorhizobium loti 77:94 Mesorhizobium loti 77:94 Structures of Exopolysaccharides Involved in Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus. 27502279 3 20 theme mass 614:617 arg1 exopolysaccharide 619:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 600:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 600:898 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 2 21 theme uninfected 501:510 arg1 primordia 519:527 uninfected nodule primordia 501:527 uninfected nodule primordia 501:527 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 5 22 theme 2,3/3-OAc 1207:1215 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 7 23 theme fourth 1518:1523 arg1 glucose 1525:1531 the fourth glucose 1514:1531 the fourth glucose (asterisked above) 1514:1550 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 9 24 from consequences 1929:1940 arg1 infection 1945:1953 infection 1945:1953 infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1945:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 5 25 theme β-d-RibfA- 1217:1226 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 9 26 theme EPR3 1829:1832 arg1 binding 1843:1849 EPR3 receptor binding 1829:1849 EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1829:1898 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 3 27 dep J. 937:938 arg1 Nature 955:960 Nature 955:960 Nature 955:960 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 5 28 dep * 1285:1285 arg1 β-d-Glcp- 1293:1301 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4) 1287:1306 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 2 29 theme mid 463:465 arg1 steps 488:492 mid or late biosynthetic steps 463:492 mid or late biosynthetic steps 463:492 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 5 30 theme structure 1196:1204 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 1 31 dep R7A 174:176 arg1 Gifu 198:201 Gifu 198:201 Gifu 198:201 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27502279 5 32 theme 2/3OAc 1309:1314 arg1 -β-d-Galp 1345:1353 (2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1308:1353 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 7 33 theme reducing-end 1482:1493 arg1 β-d-Galp 1495:1502 its reducing-end β-d-Galp 1478:1502 its reducing-end β-d-Galp 1478:1502 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 5 34 theme 1→4 1244:1246 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 7 35 attach attached 1465:1472 arg2 unit 1457:1460 Every new repeating unit 1437:1460 Every new repeating unit 1437:1460 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 7 35 attach attached 1465:1472 arg1 C-4 1507:1509 C-4 1507:1509 C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide 1507:1572 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 0 36 theme Exopolysaccharides 14:31 arg1 Structures 0:9 Structures 0:9 Structures of Exopolysaccharides 0:31 Structures of Exopolysaccharides Involved in Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus. 27502279 2 37 theme late 470:473 arg1 steps 488:492 mid or late biosynthetic steps 463:492 mid or late biosynthetic steps 463:492 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 5 38 theme 1→4 1228:1230 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 39 theme -β-d-Glcp- 1330:1339 arg1 -β-d-Galp 1345:1353 (2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1308:1353 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 7 40 theme repeating 1447:1455 arg1 unit 1457:1460 Every new repeating unit 1437:1460 Every new repeating unit 1437:1460 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 4 41 theme high 1023:1026 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1051:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. 27502279 5 42 theme -α-d-GlcpA- 1232:1242 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 2 43 theme exopolysaccharide 333:349 arg1 steps 364:368 early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 327:368 early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 327:368 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 6 44 theme EPS 1424:1426 arg1 polymer 1428:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 5 45 theme 3OAc 1265:1268 arg1 β-d-Glcp- 1270:1278 (3OAc)β-d-Glcp- 1264:1278 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 46 theme low 1083:1085 arg1 unit 1149:1152 a monomer unit 1139:1152 a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1139:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 46 theme low 1083:1085 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1102:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1079:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A 1079:1134 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 47 theme β-d-Glcp- 1316:1324 arg1 -β-d-Galp 1345:1353 (2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1308:1353 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 8 48 theme octasaccharide 1688:1701 arg1 subunit 1703:1709 each octasaccharide subunit 1683:1709 each octasaccharide subunit 1683:1709 The O-acetylation occurs on the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio, and each octasaccharide subunit is on average substituted with three O-acetyl groups. 27502279 6 49 theme molecular 1409:1417 arg1 polymer 1428:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 5 50 theme β-d-Glcp- 1270:1278 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 4 51 theme exopolysaccharide 1051:1067 arg1 structure 1005:1013 the structure 1001:1013 the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A 1001:1076 In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. 27502279 5 52 theme mass 1097:1100 arg1 unit 1149:1152 a monomer unit 1139:1152 a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1139:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 52 theme mass 1097:1100 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1102:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1079:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A 1079:1134 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 2 53 theme nitrogen-fixing 375:389 arg1 nodules 391:397 nitrogen-fixing nodules 375:397 nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu 375:418 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 1 54 theme infection 265:273 arg1 formation 282:290 infection thread formation 265:290 infection thread formation 265:290 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27502279 6 55 theme biosynthetic 1376:1387 arg1 it 1368:1369 it 1368:1369 it 1368:1369 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 6 55 theme biosynthetic 1376:1387 arg1 constituent 1389:1399 a biosynthetic constituent 1374:1399 a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer 1374:1434 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 9 56 theme EPS 1896:1898 arg1 binding 1843:1849 EPR3 receptor binding 1829:1849 EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1829:1898 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 5 57 theme octasaccharide 1172:1185 arg1 unit 1149:1152 a monomer unit 1139:1152 a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1139:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 57 theme octasaccharide 1172:1185 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1102:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1079:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A 1079:1134 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 4 58 theme molecular 1036:1044 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1051:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1018:1067 In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. 27502279 9 59 theme loti 1965:1968 arg1 mutants 1974:1980 the M. loti exo mutants 1958:1980 the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1958:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 7 60 theme octasaccharide 1559:1572 arg1 C-4 1507:1509 C-4 1507:1509 C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide 1507:1572 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 8 61 theme O-acetyl 1748:1755 arg1 groups 1757:1762 three O-acetyl groups 1742:1762 three O-acetyl groups 1742:1762 The O-acetylation occurs on the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio, and each octasaccharide subunit is on average substituted with three O-acetyl groups. 27502279 5 62 theme 2OAc 1288:1291 arg1 β-d-Glcp- 1293:1301 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4) 1287:1306 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 9 63 from studies 1818:1824 arg1 infection 1945:1953 infection 1945:1953 infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1945:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 2 64 theme R7A 311:313 arg1 Mutants 293:299 Mutants 293:299 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 293:368 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 1 65 theme rhizobial 204:212 arg1 exopolysaccharide 214:230 rhizobial exopolysaccharide 204:230 rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) 204:236 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27502279 1 65 theme rhizobial 204:212 arg1 EPS 233:235 EPS 233:235 EPS 233:235 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27502279 9 66 theme such 1995:1998 arg1 variants 2004:2011 such EPS variants 1995:2011 such EPS variants 1995:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 3 67 theme plant 560:564 arg1 EPR3 588:591 EPR3 588:591 EPR3 588:591 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 3 67 theme plant 560:564 arg1 kinase 580:585 a plant receptor-like kinase 558:585 a plant receptor-like kinase 558:585 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 5 68 theme 1→3 1341:1343 arg1 -β-d-Galp 1345:1353 (2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1308:1353 (2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp 1287:1353 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 0 69 theme loti 91:94 arg1 Perception 63:72 Receptor-mediated Perception 45:72 Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus 45:113 Structures of Exopolysaccharides Involved in Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus. 27502279 3 70 theme molecular 604:612 arg1 exopolysaccharide 619:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 600:635 low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 600:898 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 2 71 theme nodule 512:517 arg1 primordia 519:527 uninfected nodule primordia 501:527 uninfected nodule primordia 501:527 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 9 72 theme structures 1791:1800 arg1 availability 1769:1780 The availability 1765:1780 The availability of these structures 1765:1800 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 3 73 dep kinase 580:585 arg1 binds 594:598 binds 594:598 binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 594:898 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 4 74 from R7A 1074:1076 arg1 structure 1005:1013 the structure 1001:1013 the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A 1001:1076 In this work, we define the structure of both high and low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from R7A. 27502279 2 75 theme strain 304:309 arg1 R7A 311:313 strain R7A 304:313 strain R7A 304:313 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 2 76 dep form 370:373 arg1 whereas 435:441 whereas 435:441 whereas 435:441 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 9 77 theme positive 1908:1915 arg1 consequences 1929:1940 the positive or negative consequences 1904:1940 the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1904:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 9 78 theme receptor 1834:1841 arg1 binding 1843:1849 EPR3 receptor binding 1829:1849 EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1829:1898 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 8 79 theme glycosyl 1630:1637 arg1 residues 1639:1646 the four glycosyl residues 1621:1646 the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio 1621:1676 The O-acetylation occurs on the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio, and each octasaccharide subunit is on average substituted with three O-acetyl groups. 27502279 3 80 dep U. 897:898 arg1 R. 818:819 R. 818:819 R. 818:819 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 3 80 dep U. 897:898 arg1 M. 761:762 M. 761:762 M. 761:762 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 3 80 dep U. 897:898 arg1 Nielsen 752:758 bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 665:898 Nielsen 752:758 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 3 80 dep U. 897:898 arg1 Carlson 809:815 bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U. 665:898 Carlson 809:815 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 5 81 with unit 1149:1152 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 9 82 theme compatible 1868:1877 arg1 EPS 1896:1898 symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1854:1898 symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1854:1898 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 0 83 theme Receptor-mediated 45:61 arg1 Perception 63:72 Receptor-mediated Perception 45:72 Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus 45:113 Structures of Exopolysaccharides Involved in Receptor-mediated Perception of Mesorhizobium loti by Lotus japonicus. 27502279 8 84 theme non-stoichiometric 1653:1670 arg1 ratio 1672:1676 a non-stoichiometric ratio 1651:1676 a non-stoichiometric ratio 1651:1676 The O-acetylation occurs on the four glycosyl residues in a non-stoichiometric ratio, and each octasaccharide subunit is on average substituted with three O-acetyl groups. 27502279 2 85 theme biosynthetic 475:486 arg1 steps 488:492 mid or late biosynthetic steps 463:492 mid or late biosynthetic steps 463:492 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 3 86 theme strain 642:647 arg1 R7A 649:651 strain R7A 642:651 strain R7A 642:651 Recently, it was shown that a plant receptor-like kinase, EPR3, binds low molecular mass exopolysaccharide from strain R7A to regulate bacterial passage through the plant's epidermal cell layer (Kawaharada, Y., Kelly, S., Nielsen, M. W., Hjuler, C. T., Gysel, K., Muszyński, A., Carlson, R. W., Thygesen, M. B., Sandal, N., Asmussen, M. H., Vinther, M., Andersen, S. U., Krusell, L., Thirup, S., Jensen, K. J., et al. (2015) Nature 523, 308-312). 27502279 9 87 theme incompatible 1883:1894 arg1 EPS 1896:1898 symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1854:1898 symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS 1854:1898 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 7 88 theme new 1443:1445 arg1 unit 1457:1460 Every new repeating unit 1437:1460 Every new repeating unit 1437:1460 Every new repeating unit is attached via its reducing-end β-d-Galp to C-4 of the fourth glucose (asterisked above) of the octasaccharide, forming a branch. 27502279 2 89 theme biosynthetic 351:362 arg1 steps 364:368 early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 327:368 early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 327:368 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 9 90 theme EPS 2000:2002 arg1 variants 2004:2011 such EPS variants 1995:2011 such EPS variants 1995:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 6 91 theme polymer 1428:1434 arg1 it 1368:1369 it 1368:1369 it 1368:1369 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 6 91 theme polymer 1428:1434 arg1 constituent 1389:1399 a biosynthetic constituent 1374:1399 a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer 1374:1434 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 2 92 theme early 327:331 arg1 steps 364:368 early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 327:368 early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps 327:368 Mutants of strain R7A affected in early exopolysaccharide biosynthetic steps form nitrogen-fixing nodules on L. japonicus Gifu after a delay, whereas mutants affected in mid or late biosynthetic steps induce uninfected nodule primordia. 27502279 5 93 dep -β-d-Glcp- 1248:1257 arg1 * 1285:1285 * 1285:1285 the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1192:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 6 94 theme mass 1419:1422 arg1 polymer 1428:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 high molecular mass EPS polymer 1404:1434 We propose it is a biosynthetic constituent of high molecular mass EPS polymer. 27502279 5 95 theme molecular 1087:1095 arg1 unit 1149:1152 a monomer unit 1139:1152 a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp] 1139:1354 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 5 95 theme molecular 1087:1095 arg1 exopolysaccharide 1102:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide 1079:1118 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A 1079:1134 The low molecular mass exopolysaccharide produced by R7A is a monomer unit of the acetylated octasaccharide with the structure (2,3/3-OAc)β-d-RibfA-(1→4)-α-d-GlcpA-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-(3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→6)-*[(2OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-(2/3OAc)β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→3)-β-d-Galp]. 27502279 9 96 theme negative 1920:1927 arg1 consequences 1929:1940 the positive or negative consequences 1904:1940 the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants 1904:2011 The availability of these structures will facilitate studies of EPR3 receptor binding of symbiotically compatible and incompatible EPS and the positive or negative consequences on infection by the M. loti exo mutants synthesizing such EPS variants. 27502279 1 97 theme important 247:255 arg1 role 257:260 an important role 244:260 an important role 244:260 In the symbiosis formed between Mesorhizobium loti strain R7A and Lotus japonicus Gifu, rhizobial exopolysaccharide (EPS) plays an important role in infection thread formation. 27211674 2 0 theme bean 324:327 arg1 coat 334:337 common bean seed coat 317:337 common bean seed coat 317:337 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 3 1 from differences 479:489 arg1 composition 572:582 sugar composition 566:582 sugar composition 566:582 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 1 from differences 479:489 arg1 degree 536:541 degree 536:541 degree of methoxylation (DM) 536:563 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 1 from differences 479:489 arg1 yields 498:503 the yields 494:503 the yields of alcohol insoluble residues 494:533 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 1 from differences 479:489 arg1 distribution 600:611 molar mass distribution 589:611 molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 589:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 2 2 dep humidity 448:455 arg1 % 446:446 % 446:446 % 446:446 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 5 3 theme HTC 1075:1077 arg1 development 1079:1089 the HTC development 1071:1089 the HTC development 1071:1089 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 4 4 theme HTC 807:809 arg1 beans 834:838 HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans 807:838 HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans 807:838 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 0 5 dep beans 114:118 arg1 vulgaris 131:138 Phaseolus vulgaris 121:138 Phaseolus vulgaris L. 121:141 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 0 6 theme defect 97:102 arg1 understanding 63:75 molecular understanding 53:75 molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 53:142 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 3 7 theme non-starch 616:625 arg1 polysaccharides 627:641 non-starch polysaccharides 616:641 non-starch polysaccharides 616:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 5 8 theme cooking 1124:1130 arg1 behaviors 1132:1140 their cooking behaviors 1118:1140 their cooking behaviors 1118:1140 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 4 9 theme non-starch 697:706 arg1 both 733:736 both 733:736 both 733:736 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 4 9 theme non-starch 697:706 arg1 profiles 723:730 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles 693:730 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles 693:730 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 2 10 from Changes 272:278 arg1 polysaccharides 298:312 the non-starch polysaccharides 283:312 the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon 283:351 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 1 11 theme cotyledons 223:232 arg1 inability 210:218 the inability 206:218 the inability of cotyledons to soften during the cooking process 206:269 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes is characterized by the inability of cotyledons to soften during the cooking process. 27211674 0 12 theme hard-to-cook 84:95 arg1 defect 97:102 the hard-to-cook defect 80:102 the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 80:142 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 4 13 theme easy-to-cook 815:826 arg1 beans 834:838 HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans 807:838 HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans 807:838 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 0 14 theme common 107:112 arg1 beans 114:118 common beans 107:118 common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 107:142 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 3 15 theme seeds 666:670 arg1 coat 672:675 the seeds coat 662:675 the seeds coat 662:675 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 16 theme Distinct 470:477 arg1 differences 479:489 Distinct differences 470:489 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 470:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 5 17 dep ETC 959:961 arg1 the 955:957 the 955:957 the 955:957 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 17 dep ETC 959:961 arg1 beans 971:975 beans 971:975 beans 971:975 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 18 theme divalent 1054:1061 arg1 ions 1063:1066 divalent ions 1054:1066 divalent ions in the HTC development 1054:1089 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 19 dep structure 875:883 arg1 the 871:873 the 871:873 the 871:873 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 2 20 theme HTC 402:404 arg1 defect 406:411 the HTC defect 398:411 the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months 398:467 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 1 21 theme hard-to-cook 149:160 arg1 defect 168:173 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect 145:173 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes 145:184 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes is characterized by the inability of cotyledons to soften during the cooking process. 27211674 2 22 theme defect 406:411 arg1 development 383:393 development 383:393 development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months 383:467 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 5 23 from differences 856:866 arg1 structure 875:883 structure 875:883 structure 875:883 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 23 from differences 856:866 arg1 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 23 from differences 856:866 arg1 composition 886:896 composition 886:896 composition 886:896 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 3 24 theme alcohol 508:514 arg1 residues 526:533 alcohol insoluble residues 508:533 alcohol insoluble residues 508:533 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 2 25 theme cotyledon 343:351 arg1 polysaccharides 298:312 the non-starch polysaccharides 283:312 the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon 283:351 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 0 26 theme Detailed 0:7 arg1 analysis 9:16 Detailed analysis 0:16 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon 0:43 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 3 27 theme insoluble 516:524 arg1 residues 526:533 alcohol insoluble residues 508:533 alcohol insoluble residues 508:533 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 1 28 theme HTC 163:165 arg1 defect 168:173 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect 145:173 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes 145:184 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes is characterized by the inability of cotyledons to soften during the cooking process. 27211674 0 29 theme seed 21:24 arg1 coat 26:29 seed coat 21:29 seed coat 21:29 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 4 30 theme seed 742:745 arg1 coats 747:751 seed coats 742:751 seed coats 742:751 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 0 31 theme beans 114:118 arg1 defect 97:102 the hard-to-cook defect 80:102 the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 80:142 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 2 32 theme common 317:322 arg1 coat 334:337 common bean seed coat 317:337 common bean seed coat 317:337 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 0 33 dep vulgaris 131:138 arg1 L 140:140 L 140:140 Phaseolus vulgaris L. 121:141 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 1 34 theme cooking 255:261 arg1 process 263:269 the cooking process 251:269 the cooking process 251:269 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes is characterized by the inability of cotyledons to soften during the cooking process. 27211674 5 35 theme pectin 1011:1016 arg1 polysaccharides 1018:1032 pectin polysaccharides 1011:1032 pectin polysaccharides 1011:1032 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 0 36 theme coat 26:29 arg1 analysis 9:16 Detailed analysis 0:16 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon 0:43 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 0 37 theme Phaseolus 121:129 arg1 vulgaris 131:138 Phaseolus vulgaris 121:138 Phaseolus vulgaris L. 121:141 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 5 38 theme polysaccharides 1018:1032 arg1 role 1003:1006 the significant role 987:1006 the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors 987:1140 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 39 from role 1003:1006 arg1 interaction 1037:1047 interaction 1037:1047 interaction 1037:1047 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 3 40 theme sugar 566:570 arg1 composition 572:582 sugar composition 566:582 sugar composition 566:582 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 41 theme residues 526:533 arg1 degree 536:541 degree 536:541 degree of methoxylation (DM) 536:563 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 41 theme residues 526:533 arg1 composition 572:582 sugar composition 566:582 sugar composition 566:582 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 41 theme residues 526:533 arg1 yields 498:503 the yields 494:503 the yields of alcohol insoluble residues 494:533 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 41 theme residues 526:533 arg1 distribution 600:611 molar mass distribution 589:611 molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 589:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 5 42 from ions 1063:1066 arg1 development 1079:1089 the HTC development 1071:1089 the HTC development 1071:1089 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 0 43 theme cotyledon 35:43 arg1 analysis 9:16 Detailed analysis 0:16 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon 0:43 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 3 44 theme mass 595:598 arg1 distribution 600:611 molar mass distribution 589:611 molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 589:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 2 45 dep % 446:446 arg1 75 444:445 75 444:445 75 444:445 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 2 45 dep % 446:446 arg1 35°C 435:438 35°C 435:438 35°C 435:438 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 2 46 from humidity 448:455 arg1 storage 424:430 storage 424:430 storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months 424:467 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 5 47 theme non-starch 920:929 arg1 polysaccharides 931:945 non-starch polysaccharides 920:945 non-starch polysaccharides 920:945 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 1 48 from defect 168:173 arg1 legumes 178:184 legumes 178:184 legumes 178:184 The hard-to-cook (HTC) defect in legumes is characterized by the inability of cotyledons to soften during the cooking process. 27211674 2 49 theme non-starch 287:296 arg1 polysaccharides 298:312 the non-starch polysaccharides 283:312 the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon 283:351 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 4 50 theme polysaccharide 708:721 arg1 both 733:736 both 733:736 both 733:736 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 4 50 theme polysaccharide 708:721 arg1 profiles 723:730 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles 693:730 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles 693:730 The non-starch polysaccharide profiles, both for seed coats and cotyledons, significantly differed when comparing HTC and easy-to-cook (ETC) beans. 27211674 5 51 theme significant 991:1001 arg1 role 1003:1006 the significant role 987:1006 the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors 987:1140 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 52 theme polysaccharides 931:945 arg1 structure 875:883 structure 875:883 structure 875:883 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 52 theme polysaccharides 931:945 arg1 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 extractability 902:915 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 52 theme polysaccharides 931:945 arg1 composition 886:896 composition 886:896 composition 886:896 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 5 53 with interaction 1037:1047 arg1 ions 1063:1066 divalent ions 1054:1066 divalent ions in the HTC development 1054:1089 In conclusion, differences in the structure, composition and extractability of non-starch polysaccharides between the ETC and HTC beans confirmed the significant role of pectin polysaccharides in interaction with divalent ions in the HTC development, which consequently affect their cooking behaviors. 27211674 3 54 theme molar 589:593 arg1 distribution 600:611 molar mass distribution 589:611 molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 589:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 55 theme methoxylation 546:558 arg1 degree 536:541 degree 536:541 degree of methoxylation (DM) 536:563 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 55 theme methoxylation 546:558 arg1 composition 572:582 sugar composition 566:582 sugar composition 566:582 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 55 theme methoxylation 546:558 arg1 yields 498:503 the yields 494:503 the yields of alcohol insoluble residues 494:533 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 55 theme methoxylation 546:558 arg1 distribution 600:611 molar mass distribution 589:611 molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 589:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 2 56 theme coat 334:337 arg1 polysaccharides 298:312 the non-starch polysaccharides 283:312 the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon 283:351 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27211674 0 57 theme molecular 53:61 arg1 understanding 63:75 molecular understanding 53:75 molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 53:142 Detailed analysis of seed coat and cotyledon reveals molecular understanding of the hard-to-cook defect of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 27211674 3 58 theme polysaccharides 627:641 arg1 degree 536:541 degree 536:541 degree of methoxylation (DM) 536:563 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 58 theme polysaccharides 627:641 arg1 composition 572:582 sugar composition 566:582 sugar composition 566:582 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 58 theme polysaccharides 627:641 arg1 yields 498:503 the yields 494:503 the yields of alcohol insoluble residues 494:533 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 3 58 theme polysaccharides 627:641 arg1 distribution 600:611 molar mass distribution 589:611 molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides 589:641 Distinct differences in the yields of alcohol insoluble residues, degree of methoxylation (DM), sugar composition, and molar mass distribution of non-starch polysaccharides were found between the seeds coat and cotyledons. 27211674 2 59 theme seed 329:332 arg1 coat 334:337 common bean seed coat 317:337 common bean seed coat 317:337 Changes in the non-starch polysaccharides of common bean seed coat and cotyledon were studied before and after development of the HTC defect induced by storage at 35°C and 75% humidity for 8months. 27936685 5 0 theme soluble 825:831 arg1 polysaccharides 833:847 soluble polysaccharides 825:847 soluble polysaccharides 825:847 The method was applied to analyze different insoluble plant materials and soluble polysaccharides. 27936685 4 1 theme quantum 533:539 arg1 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 4 1 theme quantum 533:539 arg1 spectroscopy 551:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy 512:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 1 2 theme plant 173:177 arg1 walls 184:188 plant cell walls 173:188 plant cell walls 173:188 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 5 3 theme plant 805:809 arg1 materials 811:819 different insoluble plant materials 785:819 different insoluble plant materials 785:819 The method was applied to analyze different insoluble plant materials and soluble polysaccharides. 27936685 1 4 theme cell 179:182 arg1 walls 184:188 plant cell walls 173:188 plant cell walls 173:188 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 4 5 theme structural 613:622 arg1 elements 624:631 various structural elements 605:631 various structural elements 605:631 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 4 6 theme spectroscopy 551:562 arg1 signals 578:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 6 7 theme developed 879:887 arg1 approach 889:896 the developed approach 875:896 the developed approach 875:896 It was demonstrated that the developed approach yielded comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis. 27936685 2 8 theme chemical 301:308 arg1 cleavage 310:317 chemical cleavage 301:317 chemical cleavage to monomers 301:329 Their complex structures are usually analyzed by time-consuming methods, which are based on chemical cleavage to monomers. 27936685 3 9 theme arabinan 372:379 arg1 structures 394:403 the arabinan and galactan structures 368:403 structures 394:403 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 5 10 theme insoluble 795:803 arg1 materials 811:819 different insoluble plant materials 785:819 different insoluble plant materials 785:819 The method was applied to analyze different insoluble plant materials and soluble polysaccharides. 27936685 1 11 theme Pectic 74:79 arg1 arabinans 81:89 Pectic arabinans 74:89 Pectic arabinans 74:89 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 1 12 theme walls 184:188 arg1 properties 159:168 the physiological and technological properties 123:168 the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber 123:206 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 0 13 theme Galactan 44:51 arg1 Profiling 18:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling 0:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 0:72 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 27936685 4 14 theme single 526:531 arg1 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 4 14 theme single 526:531 arg1 spectroscopy 551:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy 512:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 7 15 theme novel 1203:1207 arg1 approach 1209:1216 this novel approach 1198:1216 this novel approach 1198:1216 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 4 16 theme semiquantitative 692:707 arg1 estimation 709:718 a semiquantitative estimation 690:718 a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition 690:748 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 0 17 theme Spectroscopic 4:16 arg1 Profiling 18:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling 0:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 0:72 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 27936685 4 18 theme Heteronuclear 512:524 arg1 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 4 18 theme Heteronuclear 512:524 arg1 spectroscopy 551:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy 512:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 7 19 dep such 1106:1109 arg1 as 1111:1112 as 1111:1112 as 1111:1112 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 1 20 theme dietary 194:200 arg1 fiber 202:206 dietary fiber 194:206 dietary fiber 194:206 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 0 21 theme NMR 0:2 arg1 Profiling 18:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling 0:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 0:72 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 27936685 6 22 theme methylation 1015:1025 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 the conventional methylation analysis 998:1034 the conventional methylation analysis 998:1034 It was demonstrated that the developed approach yielded comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis. 27936685 1 23 theme fiber 202:206 arg1 properties 159:168 the physiological and technological properties 123:168 the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber 123:206 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 7 24 theme monomers 1148:1155 arg1 configuration 1127:1139 the anomeric configuration 1114:1139 the anomeric configuration of the monomers 1114:1155 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 3 25 theme galactan 385:392 arg1 structures 394:403 the arabinan and galactan structures 368:403 structures 394:403 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 4 26 theme various 605:611 arg1 elements 624:631 various structural elements 605:631 various structural elements 605:631 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 3 27 theme enzymatic 441:449 arg1 cleavage 451:458 enzymatic cleavage 441:458 enzymatic cleavage 441:458 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 3 28 theme two-dimensional 464:478 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 464:495 two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 464:495 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 0 29 theme Arabinan 31:38 arg1 Profiling 18:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling 0:26 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 0:72 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 27936685 6 30 theme structural 943:952 arg1 elements 954:961 various structural elements 935:961 various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis 935:1034 It was demonstrated that the developed approach yielded comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis. 27936685 3 31 theme NMR 480:482 arg1 spectroscopy 484:495 two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 464:495 two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 464:495 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 0 32 theme Structural 53:62 arg1 Elements 64:71 Structural Elements 53:71 Structural Elements 53:71 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 27936685 7 33 theme anomeric 1118:1125 arg1 configuration 1127:1139 the anomeric configuration 1114:1139 the anomeric configuration of the monomers 1114:1155 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 6 34 theme various 935:941 arg1 elements 954:961 various structural elements 935:961 various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis 935:1034 It was demonstrated that the developed approach yielded comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis. 27936685 3 35 theme time-efficient 408:421 arg1 approach 423:430 a time-efficient approach 406:430 a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy 406:495 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 6 36 theme conventional 1002:1013 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 the conventional methylation analysis 998:1034 the conventional methylation analysis 998:1034 It was demonstrated that the developed approach yielded comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis. 27936685 0 37 dep Arabinan 31:38 arg1 Elements 64:71 Structural Elements 53:71 Structural Elements 53:71 NMR Spectroscopic Profiling of Arabinan and Galactan Structural Elements. 27936685 7 38 theme structural 1082:1091 arg1 information 1093:1103 additional structural information 1071:1103 additional structural information 1071:1103 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 1 39 theme physiological 127:139 arg1 properties 159:168 the physiological and technological properties 123:168 the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber 123:206 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 4 40 theme marker 571:576 arg1 signals 578:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 2 41 theme complex 215:221 arg1 structures 223:232 Their complex structures 209:232 Their complex structures 209:232 Their complex structures are usually analyzed by time-consuming methods, which are based on chemical cleavage to monomers. 27936685 7 42 theme approach 1209:1216 arg1 value 1189:1193 the value 1185:1193 the value of this novel approach 1185:1216 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 4 43 theme response 647:654 arg1 factors 656:662 relative response factors 638:662 relative response factors 638:662 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 6 44 theme comparable 906:915 arg1 information 917:927 comparable information 906:927 comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis 906:1034 It was demonstrated that the developed approach yielded comparable information about various structural elements that can also be detected by using the conventional methylation analysis. 27936685 1 45 theme technological 145:157 arg1 properties 159:168 the physiological and technological properties 123:168 the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber 123:206 Pectic arabinans and galactans presumably affect the physiological and technological properties of plant cell walls and dietary fiber. 27936685 4 46 theme relative 638:645 arg1 factors 656:662 relative response factors 638:662 relative response factors 638:662 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 7 47 theme additional 1071:1080 arg1 information 1093:1103 additional structural information 1071:1103 additional structural information 1071:1103 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 4 48 theme composition 738:748 arg1 estimation 709:718 a semiquantitative estimation 690:718 a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition 690:748 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 3 49 theme detailed 345:352 arg1 insights 354:361 more detailed insights 340:361 more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures 340:403 To gain more detailed insights into the arabinan and galactan structures, a time-efficient approach based on enzymatic cleavage and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was developed. 27936685 4 50 theme coherence 541:549 arg1 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 HSQC 565:568 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 4 50 theme coherence 541:549 arg1 spectroscopy 551:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy 512:562 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals 512:584 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 2 51 theme time-consuming 258:271 arg1 methods 273:279 time-consuming methods 258:279 time-consuming methods 258:279 Their complex structures are usually analyzed by time-consuming methods, which are based on chemical cleavage to monomers. 27936685 7 52 theme NMR 1059:1061 arg1 method 1063:1068 the NMR method 1055:1068 the NMR method 1055:1068 However, by using the NMR method, additional structural information, such as the anomeric configuration of the monomers, is obtained, demonstrating the value of this novel approach. 27936685 4 53 theme structural 727:736 arg1 composition 738:748 the structural composition 723:748 the structural composition 723:748 Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) marker signals were evaluated for various structural elements, and relative response factors were determined, allowing a semiquantitative estimation of the structural composition. 27936685 5 54 theme different 785:793 arg1 materials 811:819 different insoluble plant materials 785:819 different insoluble plant materials 785:819 The method was applied to analyze different insoluble plant materials and soluble polysaccharides. 27601132 8 0 theme antioxidant 1259:1269 arg1 capacity 1271:1278 The antioxidant capacity 1255:1278 The antioxidant capacity 1255:1278 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 4 1 theme % 682:682 arg1 9±0.1mg/mL 747:756 9±0.1mg/mL 747:756 9±0.1mg/mL 747:756 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 1 theme % 682:682 arg1 10.5±0.2 734:741 10.5±0.2 734:741 10.5±0.2 734:741 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 1 theme % 682:682 arg1 acid 728:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 1 theme % 682:682 arg1 carbohydrates 684:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 2 theme chemical 577:584 arg1 composition 586:596 The chemical composition 573:596 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 573:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 2 3 theme EPS 467:469 arg1 production 471:480 higher EPS production 460:480 higher EPS production 460:480 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 7 4 theme optimum 1063:1069 arg1 conditions 1071:1080 optimum conditions 1063:1080 optimum conditions 1063:1080 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 6 5 theme Surface 1030:1036 arg1 RSM 1051:1053 RSM 1051:1053 RSM 1051:1053 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 6 5 theme Surface 1030:1036 arg1 Methodology 1038:1048 Response Surface Methodology 1021:1048 Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 1021:1054 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 8 6 theme reducing 1311:1318 arg1 assay 1326:1330 DPPH and reducing power assay 1302:1330 assay 1326:1330 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 3 7 theme probiotic 551:559 arg1 properties 561:570 their probiotic properties 545:570 their probiotic properties 545:570 Both the isolates were molecular characterized and tested for their probiotic properties. 27601132 4 8 from composition 586:596 arg1 NTMI20 634:639 NTMI20 634:639 NTMI20 634:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 8 from composition 586:596 arg1 NTMI05 623:628 NTMI05 623:628 NTMI05 623:628 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 8 9 from potentiality 1344:1355 arg1 industries 1394:1403 food and dairy industries 1379:1403 food and dairy industries 1379:1403 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 4 10 theme 14±0.1and 699:707 arg1 acid 728:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 10 theme 14±0.1and 699:707 arg1 carbohydrates 684:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 7 11 theme plantarum 1212:1220 arg1 NTMI05 1222:1227 L. plantarum NTMI05 1209:1227 L. plantarum NTMI05 1209:1227 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 2 12 dep isolates 351:358 arg1 NTMI20 436:441 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 412:441 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 412:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 12 dep isolates 351:358 arg1 197mg/L 399:405 197mg/L 399:405 197mg/L 399:405 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 12 dep isolates 351:358 arg1 NTMI05 391:396 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 367:396 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) 367:406 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 12 dep isolates 351:358 arg1 187mg/L 444:450 187mg/L 444:450 187mg/L 444:450 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 12 dep isolates 351:358 arg1 isolates 351:358 two isolates 347:358 two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 347:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 6 13 theme Response 1021:1028 arg1 RSM 1051:1053 RSM 1051:1053 RSM 1051:1053 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 6 13 theme Response 1021:1028 arg1 Methodology 1038:1048 Response Surface Methodology 1021:1048 Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 1021:1054 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 6 14 theme EPS 864:866 arg1 yield 868:872 The maximum EPS yield 852:872 The maximum EPS yield 852:872 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 7 15 theme predicted 1086:1094 arg1 production 1108:1117 the predicted maximum EPS production 1082:1117 the predicted maximum EPS production 1082:1117 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 7 15 theme predicted 1086:1094 arg1 0.891g/L 1123:1130 0.891g/L 1123:1130 0.891g/L 1123:1130 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 2 16 theme plantarum 381:389 arg1 197mg/L 399:405 197mg/L 399:405 197mg/L 399:405 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 16 theme plantarum 381:389 arg1 NTMI05 391:396 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 367:396 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) 367:406 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 16 theme plantarum 381:389 arg1 isolates 351:358 two isolates 347:358 two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 347:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 5 17 theme HPLC 791:794 arg1 analysis 796:803 HPLC analysis 791:803 HPLC analysis 791:803 HPLC analysis showed galactose at the retention time of 2.29. 27601132 6 18 theme maximum 856:862 arg1 yield 868:872 The maximum EPS yield 852:872 The maximum EPS yield 852:872 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 7 19 theme actual 1153:1158 arg1 0.956g/L 1183:1190 0.956g/L 1183:1190 0.956g/L 1183:1190 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 7 19 theme actual 1153:1158 arg1 value 1173:1177 the actual experimental value 1149:1177 the actual experimental value 1149:1177 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 7 20 theme L. 1209:1210 arg1 NTMI05 1222:1227 L. plantarum NTMI05 1209:1227 L. plantarum NTMI05 1209:1227 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 2 21 theme Lactobacillus 367:379 arg1 197mg/L 399:405 197mg/L 399:405 197mg/L 399:405 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 21 theme Lactobacillus 367:379 arg1 NTMI05 391:396 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 367:396 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) 367:406 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 21 theme Lactobacillus 367:379 arg1 isolates 351:358 two isolates 347:358 two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 347:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 0 22 theme Statistical 0:10 arg1 optimization 12:23 Statistical optimization 0:23 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 0:101 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 27601132 6 23 theme yeast 935:939 arg1 25g/L 950:954 25g/L 950:954 25g/L 950:954 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 6 23 theme yeast 935:939 arg1 extract 941:947 yeast extract 935:947 yeast extract (25g/L) 935:955 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 4 24 theme lactic 721:726 arg1 acid 728:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 24 theme lactic 721:726 arg1 carbohydrates 684:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 6 25 theme Composite 1000:1008 arg1 Design 1010:1015 Central Composite Design 992:1015 Central Composite Design 992:1015 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 0 26 theme exopolysaccharide 28:44 arg1 production 46:55 exopolysaccharide production 28:55 exopolysaccharide production 28:55 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 27601132 4 27 dep NTMI05 623:628 arg1 plantarum 613:621 L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 610:639 L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 610:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 8 28 theme power 1320:1324 arg1 assay 1326:1330 DPPH and reducing power assay 1302:1330 assay 1326:1330 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 4 29 from NTMI20 634:639 arg1 composition 586:596 The chemical composition 573:596 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 573:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 29 from NTMI20 634:639 arg1 EPS 601:603 EPS 601:603 EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 601:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 6 30 theme Central 992:998 arg1 Design 1010:1015 Central Composite Design 992:1015 Central Composite Design 992:1015 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 2 31 theme Lactobacillus 412:424 arg1 NTMI20 436:441 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 412:441 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 412:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 31 theme Lactobacillus 412:424 arg1 187mg/L 444:450 187mg/L 444:450 187mg/L 444:450 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 31 theme Lactobacillus 412:424 arg1 isolates 351:358 two isolates 347:358 two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 347:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 4 32 theme reducing 761:768 arg1 sugar 770:774 reducing sugar 761:774 reducing sugar 761:774 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 0 33 dep NTMI05 84:89 arg1 plantarum 74:82 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 60:100 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 60:100 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 27601132 2 34 theme higher 460:465 arg1 production 471:480 higher EPS production 460:480 higher EPS production 460:480 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 5 35 theme retention 829:837 arg1 time 839:842 the retention time 825:842 the retention time of 2.29 825:850 HPLC analysis showed galactose at the retention time of 2.29. 27601132 4 36 from NTMI05 623:628 arg1 composition 586:596 The chemical composition 573:596 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 573:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 36 from NTMI05 623:628 arg1 EPS 601:603 EPS 601:603 EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 601:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 1 37 theme different 193:201 arg1 sources 208:214 different milk sources 193:214 different milk sources 193:214 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 0 38 theme production 46:55 arg1 optimization 12:23 Statistical optimization 0:23 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 0:101 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 27601132 7 39 theme maximum 1096:1102 arg1 production 1108:1117 the predicted maximum EPS production 1082:1117 the predicted maximum EPS production 1082:1117 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 7 39 theme maximum 1096:1102 arg1 0.891g/L 1123:1130 0.891g/L 1123:1130 0.891g/L 1123:1130 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 2 40 theme plantarum 426:434 arg1 NTMI20 436:441 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 412:441 Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 412:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 40 theme plantarum 426:434 arg1 187mg/L 444:450 187mg/L 444:450 187mg/L 444:450 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 2 40 theme plantarum 426:434 arg1 isolates 351:358 two isolates 347:358 two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) 347:451 All the isolates were biochemically characterized and screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), among which two isolates namely Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 (197mg/L) and Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI20 (187mg/L) showed higher EPS production. 27601132 1 41 theme milk 203:206 arg1 sources 208:214 different milk sources 193:214 different milk sources 193:214 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 8 42 theme dairy 1388:1392 arg1 industries 1394:1403 food and dairy industries 1379:1403 food and dairy industries 1379:1403 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 8 43 theme DPPH 1302:1305 arg1 assay 1326:1330 DPPH and reducing power assay 1302:1330 assay 1326:1330 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 3 44 dep characterized 516:528 arg1 molecular 506:514 molecular 506:514 molecular 506:514 Both the isolates were molecular characterized and tested for their probiotic properties. 27601132 0 45 theme Lactobacillus 60:72 arg1 NTMI05 84:89 NTMI05 84:89 NTMI05 84:89 Statistical optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20. 27601132 1 46 theme bacteria 144:151 arg1 strains 121:127 27 strains 118:127 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 118:157 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 4 47 theme carbohydrates 684:696 arg1 presence 654:661 the presence 650:661 the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar 650:774 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 8 48 theme food 1379:1382 arg1 industries 1394:1403 food and dairy industries 1379:1403 food and dairy industries 1379:1403 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 7 49 theme EPS 1104:1106 arg1 production 1108:1117 the predicted maximum EPS production 1082:1117 the predicted maximum EPS production 1082:1117 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 7 49 theme EPS 1104:1106 arg1 0.891g/L 1123:1130 0.891g/L 1123:1130 0.891g/L 1123:1130 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 4 50 theme 11±0.15mg/L 709:719 arg1 acid 728:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 50 theme 11±0.15mg/L 709:719 arg1 carbohydrates 684:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 51 theme sugar 770:774 arg1 presence 654:661 the presence 650:661 the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar 650:774 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 1 52 theme Lactic 132:137 arg1 bacteria 144:151 Lactic acid bacteria 132:151 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 132:157 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 1 52 theme Lactic 132:137 arg1 LAB 154:156 LAB 154:156 LAB 154:156 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 4 53 theme EPS 601:603 arg1 composition 586:596 The chemical composition 573:596 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 573:639 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 7 54 theme experimental 1160:1171 arg1 0.956g/L 1183:1190 0.956g/L 1183:1190 0.956g/L 1183:1190 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 7 54 theme experimental 1160:1171 arg1 value 1173:1177 the actual experimental value 1149:1177 the actual experimental value 1149:1177 Under optimum conditions the predicted maximum EPS production was 0.891g/L, 0.797g/L, while the actual experimental value was 0.956g/L and 0.827g/L for L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20, respectively. 27601132 1 55 theme acid 139:142 arg1 bacteria 144:151 Lactic acid bacteria 132:151 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 132:157 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 1 55 theme acid 139:142 arg1 LAB 154:156 LAB 154:156 LAB 154:156 In this study, 27 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and identified from different milk sources. 27601132 5 56 theme 2.29 847:850 arg1 time 839:842 the retention time 825:842 the retention time of 2.29 825:850 HPLC analysis showed galactose at the retention time of 2.29. 27601132 6 57 theme ammonium 961:968 arg1 2g/L 980:983 2g/L 980:983 2g/L 980:983 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 6 57 theme ammonium 961:968 arg1 sulphate 970:977 ammonium sulphate 961:977 ammonium sulphate (2g/L) 961:984 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 6 58 theme media 896:900 arg1 components 902:911 the media components 892:911 the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) 892:984 The maximum EPS yield was optimized for the media components like glucose (20g/L), yeast extract (25g/L) and ammonium sulphate (2g/L) using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 27601132 8 59 theme organisms 1366:1374 arg1 potentiality 1344:1355 the potentiality 1340:1355 the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries 1340:1403 The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by DPPH and reducing power assay proving the potentiality of these organisms in food and dairy industries. 27601132 4 60 theme % 671:671 arg1 9±0.1mg/mL 747:756 9±0.1mg/mL 747:756 9±0.1mg/mL 747:756 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 60 theme % 671:671 arg1 10.5±0.2 734:741 10.5±0.2 734:741 10.5±0.2 734:741 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 60 theme % 671:671 arg1 acid 728:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid 699:731 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 60 theme % 671:671 arg1 carbohydrates 684:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates 666:696 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 27601132 4 61 theme L. 610:611 arg1 NTMI05 623:628 NTMI05 623:628 NTMI05 623:628 The chemical composition of EPS from L. plantarum NTMI05 and NTMI20 revealed the presence of 95.45% and 92.35% carbohydrates, 14±0.1and 11±0.15mg/L lactic acid, 10.5±0.2 and 9±0.1mg/mL of reducing sugar, respectively. 26642842 3 0 theme antihypertensive 508:523 arg1 activity 525:532 the antihypertensive activity 504:532 the antihypertensive activity of CGP 504:539 Next, the antihypertensive activity of CGP was evaluated in rats. 26642842 4 1 theme Wistar 583:588 arg1 rats 590:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats 564:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats 564:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 7 2 contain has 989:991 arg2 effects 1010:1016 antihypertensive effects 993:1016 antihypertensive effects 993:1016 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 7 2 contain has 989:991 arg1 agent 1063:1067 a therapeutic agent 1049:1067 a therapeutic agent for hypertension 1049:1084 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 7 2 contain has 989:991 arg1 CGP 985:987 CGP 985:987 CGP 985:987 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 2 3 theme performance 316:326 arg1 chromatography 335:348 high performance liquid chromatography 311:348 high performance liquid chromatography 311:348 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 5 4 from decrease 803:810 arg1 pressures 843:851 both systolic and diastolic pressures 815:851 both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats 815:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 4 5 theme positive 745:752 arg1 captopril 734:742 captopril 734:742 captopril (positive control group) 734:767 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 5 theme positive 745:752 arg1 group 762:766 positive control group 745:766 positive control group 745:766 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 2 6 theme high 311:314 arg1 chromatography 335:348 high performance liquid chromatography 311:348 high performance liquid chromatography 311:348 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 0 7 from gigas 61:65 arg1 activity 17:24 Antihypertensive activity 0:24 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas 0:65 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas. 26642842 3 8 theme CGP 537:539 arg1 activity 525:532 the antihypertensive activity 504:532 the antihypertensive activity of CGP 504:539 Next, the antihypertensive activity of CGP was evaluated in rats. 26642842 1 9 theme absolute 216:223 arg1 ethanol 225:231 absolute ethanol 216:231 absolute ethanol 216:231 Water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated using absolute ethanol. 26642842 5 10 theme significant 791:801 arg1 decrease 803:810 significant decrease 791:810 significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats 791:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 1 11 with hydrolysis 137:146 arg1 flavourzyme 153:163 flavourzyme 153:163 flavourzyme 153:163 Water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated using absolute ethanol. 26642842 7 12 used used 1041:1044 arg2 agent 1063:1067 a therapeutic agent 1049:1067 a therapeutic agent for hypertension 1049:1084 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 7 12 used used 1041:1044 arg2 CGP 985:987 CGP 985:987 CGP 985:987 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 4 13 theme control 691:697 arg1 group 699:703 negative control group 682:703 negative control group 682:703 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 13 theme control 691:697 arg1 saline 674:679 physiological saline 660:679 physiological saline (negative control group) 660:704 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 0 14 theme Antihypertensive 0:15 arg1 activity 17:24 Antihypertensive activity 0:24 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas 0:65 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas. 26642842 1 15 theme Crassostrea 116:126 arg1 gigas 128:132 Crassostrea gigas 116:132 Crassostrea gigas 116:132 Water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated using absolute ethanol. 26642842 4 16 theme control 754:760 arg1 captopril 734:742 captopril 734:742 captopril (positive control group) 734:767 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 16 theme control 754:760 arg1 group 762:766 positive control group 745:766 positive control group 745:766 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 17 theme negative 682:689 arg1 group 699:703 negative control group 682:703 negative control group 682:703 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 17 theme negative 682:689 arg1 saline 674:679 physiological saline 660:679 physiological saline (negative control group) 660:704 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 0 18 theme polysaccharide 29:42 arg1 activity 17:24 Antihypertensive activity 0:24 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas 0:65 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas. 26642842 2 19 theme molecular 412:420 arg1 weight 422:427 its molecular weight 408:427 its molecular weight 408:427 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 6 20 with comparable 944:953 arg1 that 960:963 that 960:963 that 960:963 Furthermore, the antihypertensive effect of CGP was comparable with that of captopril. 26642842 2 21 theme TSK-GEL 452:458 arg1 column 468:473 a TSK-GEL G5000PW column 450:473 a TSK-GEL G5000PW column 450:473 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 2 22 theme G5000PW 460:466 arg1 column 468:473 a TSK-GEL G5000PW column 450:473 a TSK-GEL G5000PW column 450:473 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 4 23 theme model 577:581 arg1 rats 590:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats 564:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats 564:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 7 24 theme therapeutic 1051:1061 arg1 agent 1063:1067 a therapeutic agent 1049:1067 a therapeutic agent for hypertension 1049:1084 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 7 24 theme therapeutic 1051:1061 arg1 CGP 985:987 CGP 985:987 CGP 985:987 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 2 25 theme liquid 328:333 arg1 chromatography 335:348 high performance liquid chromatography 311:348 high performance liquid chromatography 311:348 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 5 26 theme systolic 820:827 arg1 pressures 843:851 both systolic and diastolic pressures 815:851 both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats 815:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 0 27 theme Crassostrea 49:59 arg1 gigas 61:65 Crassostrea gigas 49:65 Crassostrea gigas 49:65 Antihypertensive activity of polysaccharide from Crassostrea gigas. 26642842 4 28 theme Hypertension 564:575 arg1 rats 590:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats 564:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats 564:593 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 29 theme physiological 660:672 arg1 group 699:703 negative control group 682:703 negative control group 682:703 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 29 theme physiological 660:672 arg1 saline 674:679 physiological saline 660:679 physiological saline (negative control group) 660:704 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 2 30 theme C. 278:279 arg1 polysaccharide 287:300 the C. gigas polysaccharide 274:300 the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) 274:306 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 2 30 theme C. 278:279 arg1 CGP 303:305 CGP 303:305 CGP 303:305 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 5 31 theme hypertension 860:871 arg1 rats 886:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 2 32 dep C. 278:279 arg1 gigas 281:285 gigas 281:285 gigas 281:285 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 5 33 theme CGP 770:772 arg1 treatment 774:782 CGP treatment 770:782 CGP treatment 770:782 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 7 34 theme antihypertensive 993:1008 arg1 effects 1010:1016 antihypertensive effects 993:1016 antihypertensive effects 993:1016 Thus, CGP has antihypertensive effects and can potentially be used as a therapeutic agent for hypertension. 26642842 5 35 theme diastolic 833:841 arg1 pressures 843:851 both systolic and diastolic pressures 815:851 both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats 815:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 6 36 theme CGP 936:938 arg1 effect 926:931 the antihypertensive effect 905:931 the antihypertensive effect of CGP 905:938 Furthermore, the antihypertensive effect of CGP was comparable with that of captopril. 26642842 6 36 theme CGP 936:938 arg1 comparable 944:953 comparable 944:953 comparable 944:953 Furthermore, the antihypertensive effect of CGP was comparable with that of captopril. 26642842 4 37 theme treatment 712:720 arg1 CGP 707:709 CGP 707:709 CGP (treatment group) 707:727 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 4 37 theme treatment 712:720 arg1 group 722:726 treatment group 712:726 treatment group 712:726 Hypertension model Wistar rats were divided into three groups and intragastrically treated with physiological saline (negative control group), CGP (treatment group), and captopril (positive control group). 26642842 1 38 dep extracted 101:109 arg1 ultrafiltered 179:191 ultrafiltered 179:191 ultrafiltered 179:191 Water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated using absolute ethanol. 26642842 2 39 theme composition 240:250 arg1 analysis 252:259 Sugar composition analysis 234:259 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography 234:348 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 2 40 theme Sugar 234:238 arg1 analysis 252:259 Sugar composition analysis 234:259 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography 234:348 Sugar composition analysis performed on the C. gigas polysaccharide (CGP) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was comprised primarily of glucose, and its molecular weight was determined using a TSK-GEL G5000PW column to be ∼3.413×10(6) Da. 26642842 1 41 theme Water-soluble 68:80 arg1 polysaccharide 82:95 Water-soluble polysaccharide 68:95 Water-soluble polysaccharide 68:95 Water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated using absolute ethanol. 26642842 5 42 theme model 873:877 arg1 rats 886:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 6 43 theme antihypertensive 909:924 arg1 effect 926:931 the antihypertensive effect 905:931 the antihypertensive effect of CGP 905:938 Furthermore, the antihypertensive effect of CGP was comparable with that of captopril. 26642842 6 43 theme antihypertensive 909:924 arg1 comparable 944:953 comparable 944:953 comparable 944:953 Furthermore, the antihypertensive effect of CGP was comparable with that of captopril. 26642842 5 44 from pressures 843:851 arg1 rats 886:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 26642842 5 45 theme Wistar 879:884 arg1 rats 886:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 the hypertension model Wistar rats 856:889 CGP treatment led to significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic pressures in the hypertension model Wistar rats. 25129712 2 0 theme tensile 630:636 arg1 strength 638:645 tensile strength 630:645 tensile strength 630:645 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 3 1 theme thermosetting 884:896 arg1 capacity 898:905 a further thermosetting capacity 874:905 a further thermosetting capacity 874:905 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 3 2 dep pointed 692:698 arg1 out 700:702 out 700:702 out 700:702 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 3 3 theme moderate 711:718 arg1 enhancement 720:730 a moderate enhancement 709:730 a moderate enhancement of the network structure 709:755 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 6 4 theme acidic 1284:1289 arg1 conditions 1300:1309 acidic or basic conditions 1284:1309 acidic or basic conditions 1284:1309 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 6 5 dep increased 1268:1276 arg1 pH 1328:1329 pH 3 1328:1331 pH 3 1328:1331 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 2 6 theme adiabatic 491:499 arg1 conditions 501:510 adiabatic conditions 491:510 adiabatic conditions 491:510 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 7 theme Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser 295:327 arg1 bioplastics 329:339 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics 295:339 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics 295:339 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 8 from °C 482:483 arg1 mixer 469:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer 434:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) 434:511 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 9 theme thermal 612:618 arg1 analysis 620:627 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 593:627 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 593:627 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 10 theme absorption 657:666 arg1 capacity 668:675 water absorption capacity 651:675 water absorption capacity 651:675 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 3 11 theme isoelectric 827:837 arg1 pH 846:847 pH 6 846:849 pH 6 846:849 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 3 11 theme isoelectric 827:837 arg1 point 839:843 the protein isoelectric point 815:843 the protein isoelectric point (pH 6) 815:850 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 4 12 theme MC 948:949 arg1 addition 936:943 the addition 932:943 the addition of MC and CMC 932:957 Moreover, the addition of MC and CMC was found to significantly enhance material elongation properties. 25129712 3 13 theme network 739:745 arg1 structure 747:755 the network structure 735:755 the network structure 735:755 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 2 14 theme water 651:655 arg1 capacity 668:675 water absorption capacity 651:675 water absorption capacity 651:675 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 1 15 dep gum 152:154 arg1 CMC 213:215 CMC 213:215 CMC 213:215 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 3 16 theme structure 747:755 arg1 enhancement 720:730 a moderate enhancement 709:730 a moderate enhancement of the network structure 709:755 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 2 17 dep analysis 620:627 arg1 tests 677:681 tests 677:681 tests 677:681 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 1 18 theme different 113:121 arg1 polysaccharides 123:137 different polysaccharides 113:137 different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 113:216 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 18 theme different 113:121 arg1 cellulose 169:177 methyl cellulose 162:177 methyl cellulose 162:177 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 18 theme different 113:121 arg1 cellulose 202:210 carboxymethyl cellulose 188:210 carboxymethyl cellulose 188:210 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 18 theme different 113:121 arg1 gum 152:154 locust bean gum 140:154 locust bean gum 140:154 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 18 theme different 113:121 arg1 MC 180:181 MC 180:181 MC 180:181 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 18 theme different 113:121 arg1 LBG 157:159 LBG 157:159 LBG 157:159 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 0 19 theme Thermo-mechanical 0:16 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties 0:43 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics 0:86 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics. 25129712 6 20 theme water 1230:1234 arg1 absorption 1236:1245 the material water absorption 1217:1245 the material water absorption 1217:1245 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 5 21 theme polysaccharide 1120:1133 arg1 domains 1147:1153 the polysaccharide and protein domains 1116:1153 domains 1147:1153 However, the presence of charges induced by pH leaded to a higher incompatibility between the polysaccharide and protein domains forming the composite. 25129712 2 22 theme pH 411:412 arg1 values 414:419 pH values 411:419 pH values 411:419 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 23 theme counter-rotating 446:461 arg1 mixer 469:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer 434:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) 434:511 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 24 theme batch 463:467 arg1 mixer 469:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer 434:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) 434:511 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 1 25 theme locust 140:145 arg1 polysaccharides 123:137 different polysaccharides 113:137 different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 113:216 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 25 theme locust 140:145 arg1 gum 152:154 locust bean gum 140:154 locust bean gum 140:154 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 2 26 theme two-blade 436:444 arg1 mixer 469:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer 434:473 a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) 434:511 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 0 27 theme polysaccharide/gluten-based 48:74 arg1 bioplastics 76:86 polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics 48:86 polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics 48:86 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics. 25129712 2 28 theme Bioplastic 552:561 arg1 probes 563:568 130 °C. Bioplastic probes 544:568 130 °C. Bioplastic probes 544:568 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 6 29 theme material 1221:1228 arg1 absorption 1236:1245 the material water absorption 1217:1245 the material water absorption 1217:1245 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 1 30 theme carboxymethyl 188:200 arg1 polysaccharides 123:137 different polysaccharides 113:137 different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 113:216 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 30 theme carboxymethyl 188:200 arg1 cellulose 202:210 carboxymethyl cellulose 188:210 carboxymethyl cellulose 188:210 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 4 31 theme material 994:1001 arg1 properties 1014:1023 material elongation properties 994:1023 material elongation properties 994:1023 Moreover, the addition of MC and CMC was found to significantly enhance material elongation properties. 25129712 2 32 theme °C. 548:550 arg1 probes 563:568 130 °C. Bioplastic probes 544:568 130 °C. Bioplastic probes 544:568 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 4 33 theme elongation 1003:1012 arg1 properties 1014:1023 material elongation properties 994:1023 material elongation properties 994:1023 Moreover, the addition of MC and CMC was found to significantly enhance material elongation properties. 25129712 5 34 theme protein 1139:1145 arg1 domains 1147:1153 the polysaccharide and protein domains 1116:1153 domains 1147:1153 However, the presence of charges induced by pH leaded to a higher incompatibility between the polysaccharide and protein domains forming the composite. 25129712 2 35 theme mechanical 601:610 arg1 analysis 620:627 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 593:627 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 593:627 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 5 36 theme higher 1085:1090 arg1 incompatibility 1092:1106 a higher incompatibility 1083:1106 a higher incompatibility between the polysaccharide and protein domains forming the composite 1083:1175 However, the presence of charges induced by pH leaded to a higher incompatibility between the polysaccharide and protein domains forming the composite. 25129712 1 37 theme bean 147:150 arg1 polysaccharides 123:137 different polysaccharides 113:137 different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 113:216 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 37 theme bean 147:150 arg1 gum 152:154 locust bean gum 140:154 locust bean gum 140:154 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 0 38 theme bioplastics 76:86 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties 0:43 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics 0:86 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics. 25129712 2 39 theme dynamic 593:599 arg1 analysis 620:627 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 593:627 dynamic mechanical thermal analysis 593:627 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 6 40 theme basic 1294:1298 arg1 conditions 1300:1309 acidic or basic conditions 1284:1309 acidic or basic conditions 1284:1309 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 6 41 theme relevant 1200:1207 arg1 role 1209:1212 a relevant role 1198:1212 a relevant role 1198:1212 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 2 42 theme polysaccharide 368:381 arg1 concentrations 383:396 different polysaccharide concentrations 358:396 different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) 358:405 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 42 theme polysaccharide 368:381 arg1 % 404:404 0-4.5% 399:404 0-4.5% 399:404 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 3 43 theme protein 819:825 arg1 pH 846:847 pH 6 846:849 pH 6 846:849 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 3 43 theme protein 819:825 arg1 point 839:843 the protein isoelectric point 815:843 the protein isoelectric point (pH 6) 815:850 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 6 44 theme pH 1182:1183 arg1 value 1185:1189 The pH value 1178:1189 The pH value 1178:1189 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 2 45 theme different 358:366 arg1 concentrations 383:396 different polysaccharide concentrations 358:396 different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) 358:405 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 2 45 theme different 358:366 arg1 % 404:404 0-4.5% 399:404 0-4.5% 399:404 Gluten/polysaccharide/plasticiser bioplastics were prepared at different polysaccharide concentrations (0-4.5%) and pH values by mixing in a two-blade counter-rotating batch mixer (at 25 °C under adiabatic conditions) and thermomoulding at 9MPa and 130 °C. Bioplastic probes were evaluated through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile strength and water absorption capacity tests. 25129712 6 46 dep pH 1328:1329 arg1 particularly 1312:1323 particularly 1312:1323 particularly 1312:1323 The pH value played a relevant role in the material water absorption, which significantly increased under acidic or basic conditions (particularly at pH 3). 25129712 1 47 theme gluten-based 221:232 arg1 materials 258:266 gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials 221:266 gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials 221:266 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 5 48 theme charges 1051:1057 arg1 presence 1039:1046 the presence 1035:1046 the presence of charges induced by pH 1035:1071 However, the presence of charges induced by pH leaded to a higher incompatibility between the polysaccharide and protein domains forming the composite. 25129712 1 49 theme biodegradable 234:246 arg1 materials 258:266 gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials 221:266 gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials 221:266 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 4 50 theme CMC 955:957 arg1 addition 936:943 the addition 932:943 the addition of MC and CMC 932:957 Moreover, the addition of MC and CMC was found to significantly enhance material elongation properties. 25129712 0 51 theme hydrophilic 22:32 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties 0:43 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics 0:86 Thermo-mechanical and hydrophilic properties of polysaccharide/gluten-based bioplastics. 25129712 1 52 theme methyl 162:167 arg1 polysaccharides 123:137 different polysaccharides 113:137 different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 113:216 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 1 52 theme methyl 162:167 arg1 cellulose 169:177 methyl cellulose 162:177 methyl cellulose 162:177 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25129712 3 53 theme further 876:882 arg1 capacity 898:905 a further thermosetting capacity 874:905 a further thermosetting capacity 874:905 Results pointed out that a moderate enhancement of the network structure may be achieved by adding polysaccharide at a pH close to the protein isoelectric point (pH 6), which also conferred a further thermosetting capacity to the system. 25129712 1 54 theme polymeric 248:256 arg1 materials 258:266 gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials 221:266 gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials 221:266 The influence of adding different polysaccharides (locust bean gum, LBG; methyl cellulose, MC; and carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) to gluten-based biodegradable polymeric materials was assessed in this work. 25351532 6 0 theme CMN1 746:749 arg1 backbone 734:741 The backbone 730:741 The backbone of CMN1 730:749 The backbone of CMN1 comprised (1→2) and (1→3) linkages, with branched (1→6) and (1→4) linkages. 25351532 0 1 theme polysaccharides 16:30 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris 0:55 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 0 1 theme polysaccharides 16:30 arg1 effect 80:85 their anti‑hypoxic effect 61:85 their anti‑hypoxic effect 61:85 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 3 2 theme Cordyceps militaris 335:353 arg1 extract 324:330 The aqueous extract 312:330 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris 312:353 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 4 3 theme main 526:529 arg1 fraction 531:538 the main fraction 522:538 the main fraction obtained 522:547 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 4 3 theme main 526:529 arg1 CMN1 475:478 The fraction CMN1 462:478 The fraction CMN1 462:478 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 5 4 theme L‑rhamnose 681:690 arg1 composition 666:676 a monosaccharide composition 649:676 a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose 649:727 CMN1 was found to have a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose. 25351532 7 5 theme ischemic/hypoxic 930:945 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 5 theme ischemic/hypoxic 930:945 arg1 test 947:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 0 6 from Purification 0:11 arg1 militaris 47:55 Cordyceps militaris 37:55 Cordyceps militaris 37:55 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 8 7 theme similar 1009:1015 arg1 effect 1030:1035 a similar anti‑hypoxic effect 1007:1035 a similar anti‑hypoxic effect 1007:1035 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 9 8 theme effective 1138:1146 arg1 agent 1148:1152 an effective agent 1135:1152 an effective agent against hypoxia 1135:1168 Overall, the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide, CMN1, was identified as an effective agent against hypoxia. 25351532 9 8 theme effective 1138:1146 arg1 polysaccharide 1095:1108 the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 1071:1108 the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 1071:1108 Overall, the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide, CMN1, was identified as an effective agent against hypoxia. 25351532 7 9 theme normobarie 956:965 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 9 theme normobarie 956:965 arg1 test 975:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 3 10 theme DEAE‑52 392:398 arg1 column 425:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 7 11 theme acute 915:919 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 11 theme acute 915:919 arg1 test 947:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 9 12 theme Cordyceps militaris 1075:1093 arg1 agent 1148:1152 an effective agent 1135:1152 an effective agent against hypoxia 1135:1168 Overall, the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide, CMN1, was identified as an effective agent against hypoxia. 25351532 9 12 theme Cordyceps militaris 1075:1093 arg1 CMN1 1111:1114 CMN1 1111:1114 CMN1 1111:1114 Overall, the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide, CMN1, was identified as an effective agent against hypoxia. 25351532 9 12 theme Cordyceps militaris 1075:1093 arg1 polysaccharide 1095:1108 the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 1071:1108 the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide 1071:1108 Overall, the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide, CMN1, was identified as an effective agent against hypoxia. 25351532 5 13 contain have 644:647 arg2 composition 666:676 a monosaccharide composition 649:676 a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose 649:727 CMN1 was found to have a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose. 25351532 5 13 contain have 644:647 arg1 CMN1 626:629 CMN1 626:629 CMN1 626:629 CMN1 was found to have a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose. 25351532 4 14 theme molecular 488:496 arg1 weight 498:503 a molecular weight 486:503 a molecular weight of 37842 Da 486:515 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 6 15 theme branched 792:799 arg1 1→6 802:804 branched (1→6) 792:805 branched (1→6) 792:805 The backbone of CMN1 comprised (1→2) and (1→3) linkages, with branched (1→6) and (1→4) linkages. 25351532 7 16 theme anti‑hypoxic 831:842 arg1 effects 844:850 The anti‑hypoxic effects 827:850 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 827:858 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 1 17 theme lung 162:165 arg1 injury 177:182 lung and brain injury 162:182 injury 177:182 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 0 18 from militaris 47:55 arg1 polysaccharides 16:30 polysaccharides 16:30 polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris 16:55 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 0 18 from militaris 47:55 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris 0:55 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 0 18 from militaris 47:55 arg1 effect 80:85 their anti‑hypoxic effect 61:85 their anti‑hypoxic effect 61:85 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 8 19 theme anti‑hypoxic 1017:1028 arg1 effect 1030:1035 a similar anti‑hypoxic effect 1007:1035 a similar anti‑hypoxic effect 1007:1035 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 1 20 theme Acute 88:92 arg1 sickness 103:110 Acute mountain sickness 88:110 Acute mountain sickness 88:110 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 20 theme Acute 88:92 arg1 diseases 145:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 20 theme Acute 88:92 arg1 one 113:115 one 113:115 one 113:115 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 3 21 theme exchange 416:423 arg1 column 425:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 5 22 theme monosaccharide 651:664 arg1 composition 666:676 a monosaccharide composition 649:676 a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose 649:727 CMN1 was found to have a monosaccharide composition of L‑rhamnose, L‑arabinose, D‑mannose, D‑galactose. 25351532 1 23 theme mountain 94:101 arg1 sickness 103:110 Acute mountain sickness 88:110 Acute mountain sickness 88:110 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 23 theme mountain 94:101 arg1 diseases 145:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 23 theme mountain 94:101 arg1 one 113:115 one 113:115 one 113:115 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 24 theme brain 171:175 arg1 injury 177:182 lung and brain injury 162:182 injury 177:182 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 7 25 theme nitrite 891:897 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 25 theme nitrite 891:897 arg1 test 975:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 25 theme nitrite 891:897 arg1 test 947:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 4 26 with CMN1 475:478 arg1 weight 498:503 a molecular weight 486:503 a molecular weight of 37842 Da 486:515 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 3 27 theme cellulose 400:408 arg1 column 425:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 4 28 theme chemical 557:564 arg1 composition 566:576 its chemical composition 553:576 its chemical composition 553:576 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 8 29 theme liquid 1054:1059 arg1 rhodiola 1040:1047 rhodiola oral liquid 1040:1059 rhodiola oral liquid 1040:1059 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 7 30 theme toxicosis 899:907 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 30 theme toxicosis 899:907 arg1 test 975:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 30 theme toxicosis 899:907 arg1 test 947:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 3 31 theme anion 410:414 arg1 column 425:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column 390:430 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 4 32 theme structural 582:591 arg1 characteristics 593:607 structural characteristics 582:607 structural characteristics 582:607 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 8 33 theme oral 1049:1052 arg1 rhodiola 1040:1047 rhodiola oral liquid 1040:1059 rhodiola oral liquid 1040:1059 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 7 34 theme cerebral 921:928 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 34 theme cerebral 921:928 arg1 test 947:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 3 35 theme Sepharose 438:446 arg1 column 454:459 a Sepharose G‑100 column 436:459 a Sepharose G‑100 column 436:459 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 0 36 theme Cordyceps 37:45 arg1 militaris 47:55 Cordyceps militaris 37:55 Cordyceps militaris 37:55 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 3 37 theme G‑100 448:452 arg1 column 454:459 a Sepharose G‑100 column 436:459 a Sepharose G‑100 column 436:459 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 0 38 from effect 80:85 arg1 militaris 47:55 Cordyceps militaris 37:55 Cordyceps militaris 37:55 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 6 39 theme 1→3 772:774 arg1 linkages 777:784 (1→3) linkages 771:784 (1→3) linkages 771:784 The backbone of CMN1 comprised (1→2) and (1→3) linkages, with branched (1→6) and (1→4) linkages. 25351532 8 40 contain possessed 997:1005 arg1 CMN1 981:984 CMN1 981:984 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) 981:995 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 8 40 contain possessed 997:1005 arg2 effect 1030:1035 a similar anti‑hypoxic effect 1007:1035 a similar anti‑hypoxic effect 1007:1035 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 8 40 contain possessed 997:1005 arg1 0.5 g/kg 987:994 0.5 g/kg 987:994 0.5 g/kg 987:994 CMN1 (0.5 g/kg) possessed a similar anti‑hypoxic effect to rhodiola oral liquid. 25351532 6 41 dep linkages 817:824 arg1 1→4 812:814 1→4 812:814 1→4 812:814 The backbone of CMN1 comprised (1→2) and (1→3) linkages, with branched (1→6) and (1→4) linkages. 25351532 3 42 theme aqueous 316:322 arg1 extract 324:330 The aqueous extract 312:330 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris 312:353 The aqueous extract of Cordyceps militaris was purified progressively through a DEAE‑52 cellulose anion exchange column and a Sepharose G‑100 column. 25351532 4 43 theme 37842 Da 508:515 arg1 weight 498:503 a molecular weight 486:503 a molecular weight of 37842 Da 486:515 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 2 44 theme present 189:195 arg1 study 197:201 The present study 185:201 The present study 185:201 The present study aimed to investigate the anti‑hypoxic effect of purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris. 25351532 2 45 theme purified 251:258 arg1 polysaccharides 260:274 purified polysaccharides 251:274 purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris 251:309 The present study aimed to investigate the anti‑hypoxic effect of purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris. 25351532 7 46 theme sodium 884:889 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 46 theme sodium 884:889 arg1 test 975:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 46 theme sodium 884:889 arg1 test 947:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test 915:950 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 2 47 theme polysaccharides 260:274 arg1 effect 241:246 the anti‑hypoxic effect 224:246 the anti‑hypoxic effect of purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris 224:309 The present study aimed to investigate the anti‑hypoxic effect of purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris. 25351532 4 48 theme fraction 466:473 arg1 fraction 531:538 the main fraction 522:538 the main fraction obtained 522:547 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 4 48 theme fraction 466:473 arg1 CMN1 475:478 The fraction CMN1 462:478 The fraction CMN1 462:478 The fraction CMN1, with a molecular weight of 37842 Da, was the main fraction obtained and its chemical composition and structural characteristics were determined. 25351532 7 49 theme hypoxia 967:973 arg1 test 909:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 a sodium nitrite toxicosis test 882:912 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 7 49 theme hypoxia 967:973 arg1 test 975:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 normobarie hypoxia test 956:978 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25351532 1 50 theme common 129:134 arg1 diseases 145:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 51 theme altitude 136:143 arg1 diseases 145:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 0 52 theme anti‑hypoxic 67:78 arg1 effect 80:85 their anti‑hypoxic effect 61:85 their anti‑hypoxic effect 61:85 Purification of polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris and their anti‑hypoxic effect. 25351532 2 53 theme anti‑hypoxic 228:239 arg1 effect 241:246 the anti‑hypoxic effect 224:246 the anti‑hypoxic effect of purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris 224:309 The present study aimed to investigate the anti‑hypoxic effect of purified polysaccharides extracted from Cordyceps militaris. 25351532 1 54 theme diseases 145:152 arg1 diseases 145:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 the most common altitude diseases 120:152 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 54 theme diseases 145:152 arg1 sickness 103:110 Acute mountain sickness 88:110 Acute mountain sickness 88:110 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 1 54 theme diseases 145:152 arg1 one 113:115 one 113:115 one 113:115 Acute mountain sickness, one of the most common altitude diseases, causes lung and brain injury. 25351532 7 55 theme CMN1 855:858 arg1 effects 844:850 The anti‑hypoxic effects 827:850 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 827:858 The anti‑hypoxic effects of CMN1 were determined using a sodium nitrite toxicosis test, acute cerebral ischemic/hypoxic test and normobarie hypoxia test. 25900422 8 0 located found 792:796 arg2 production 774:783 Increased proline production 756:783 Increased proline production 756:783 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 8 0 located found 792:796 arg1 response 818:825 response 818:825 response to both biotic and abiotic stresses 818:861 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 8 0 located found 792:796 arg1 plants 808:813 higher plants 801:813 higher plants 801:813 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 8 1 theme high 864:867 arg1 proline 869:875 high proline 864:875 high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 864:901 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 8 2 theme Increased 756:764 arg1 production 774:783 Increased proline production 756:783 Increased proline production 756:783 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 0 3 theme lactea 79:84 arg1 latex 86:90 lactea latex 79:90 lactea latex 79:90 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 0 4 from characterization 12:27 arg1 Euphorbia 65:73 Euphorbia 65:73 Euphorbia 65:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 10 5 theme EuP-82 1126:1131 arg1 cleavage 1133:1140 EuP-82 cleavage 1126:1140 EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen 1126:1160 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and PMF. 25900422 8 6 theme EuP-82 896:901 arg1 molecule 884:891 the molecule 880:891 the molecule of EuP-82 880:901 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 12 7 theme ng 1461:1462 arg1 -1 1475:1476 -1 1475:1476 -1 1475:1476 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 7 theme ng 1461:1462 arg1 min 1471:1473 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min 1448:1473 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1) 1448:1477 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 5 8 theme broad 568:572 arg1 range 574:578 broad range 568:578 broad range of pH stability 568:594 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 6 9 from active 641:646 arg1 presence 655:662 the presence 651:662 the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol) 651:700 Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). 25900422 13 10 theme example 1537:1543 arg1 thrombosis 1545:1554 example thrombosis 1537:1554 example thrombosis 1537:1554 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 13 11 theme medicinal 1512:1520 arg1 treatment 1522:1530 medicinal treatment 1512:1530 medicinal treatment 1512:1530 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 9 12 theme peptide 1005:1011 arg1 PMF 1031:1033 PMF 1031:1033 PMF 1031:1033 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 9 12 theme peptide 1005:1011 arg1 fingerprint 1018:1028 peptide mass fingerprint 1005:1028 peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) 1005:1034 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 13 13 theme fibrinogenolytic 1578:1593 arg1 activity 1595:1602 fibrinogenolytic activity 1578:1602 fibrinogenolytic activity 1578:1602 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 10 14 theme human 1145:1149 arg1 fibrinogen 1151:1160 human fibrinogen 1145:1160 human fibrinogen 1145:1160 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and PMF. 25900422 3 15 theme deglycosylation 325:339 arg1 tests 341:345 N-glycan deglycosylation tests 316:345 N-glycan deglycosylation tests 316:345 N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. 25900422 13 16 from use 1505:1507 arg1 treatment 1522:1530 medicinal treatment 1512:1530 medicinal treatment 1512:1530 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 3 17 gly glycosylated 374:385 arg1 EuP-82 361:366 EuP-82 361:366 EuP-82 361:366 N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. 25900422 3 17 gly glycosylated 374:385 arg1 protein 387:393 a glycosylated protein 372:393 a glycosylated protein 372:393 N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. 25900422 4 18 theme MALDI-TOF 396:404 arg1 MS 406:407 MALDI-TOF MS 396:407 MALDI-TOF MS 396:407 MALDI-TOF MS showed that EuP-82 was a homodimer, which was its active form. 25900422 9 19 theme N-terminal 969:978 arg1 sequences 991:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 1 20 theme lactea 165:170 arg1 latex 172:176 lactea latex 165:176 lactea latex 165:176 A dimeric protease designated as EuP-82 was purified from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 9 21 theme EuP-82 1039:1044 arg1 PMF 1031:1033 PMF 1031:1033 PMF 1031:1033 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 9 21 theme EuP-82 1039:1044 arg1 fingerprint 1018:1028 peptide mass fingerprint 1005:1028 peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) 1005:1034 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 9 21 theme EuP-82 1039:1044 arg1 sequences 991:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 5 22 theme stability 586:594 arg1 range 574:578 broad range 568:578 broad range of pH stability 568:594 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 0 23 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 characterization 12:27 Biochemical characterization 0:27 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 0:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 5 24 theme optimal 476:482 arg1 conditions 484:493 The optimal conditions 472:493 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity 472:523 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 11 25 theme fibrinogen 1266:1275 arg1 subunits 1248:1255 all subunits 1244:1255 all subunits of human fibrinogen 1244:1275 The results confirmed that EuP-82 could digest all subunits of human fibrinogen. 25900422 4 26 theme active 459:464 arg1 EuP-82 421:426 EuP-82 421:426 EuP-82 421:426 MALDI-TOF MS showed that EuP-82 was a homodimer, which was its active form. 25900422 4 26 theme active 459:464 arg1 homodimer 434:442 a homodimer 432:442 a homodimer 432:442 MALDI-TOF MS showed that EuP-82 was a homodimer, which was its active form. 25900422 4 26 theme active 459:464 arg1 form 466:469 its active form 455:469 its active form 455:469 MALDI-TOF MS showed that EuP-82 was a homodimer, which was its active form. 25900422 5 27 theme °C. 546:548 arg1 enzyme 557:562 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme 543:562 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme 543:562 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 1 28 dep Euphorbia 151:159 arg1 cf. 161:163 cf. 161:163 cf. lactea latex 161:176 A dimeric protease designated as EuP-82 was purified from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 9 29 theme acid 986:989 arg1 sequences 991:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 3 30 theme glycosylated 374:385 arg1 EuP-82 361:366 EuP-82 361:366 EuP-82 361:366 N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. 25900422 3 30 theme glycosylated 374:385 arg1 protein 387:393 a glycosylated protein 372:393 a glycosylated protein 372:393 N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. 25900422 9 31 theme amino 980:984 arg1 sequences 991:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 the N-terminal amino acid sequences 965:999 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 5 32 theme EuP-82 550:555 arg1 enzyme 557:562 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme 543:562 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme 543:562 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 5 33 theme pH 583:584 arg1 stability 586:594 pH stability 583:594 pH stability 583:594 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 5 34 contain had 564:566 arg1 enzyme 557:562 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme 543:562 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme 543:562 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 5 34 contain had 564:566 arg2 range 574:578 broad range 568:578 broad range of pH stability 568:594 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 13 35 theme high 1608:1611 arg1 stability 1613:1621 high stability 1608:1621 high stability 1608:1621 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 9 36 theme serine 1082:1087 arg1 enzyme 1051:1056 the enzyme 1047:1056 the enzyme 1047:1056 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 9 36 theme serine 1082:1087 arg1 protease 1089:1096 a new serine protease 1076:1096 a new serine protease 1076:1096 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 1 37 theme dimeric 95:101 arg1 protease 103:110 A dimeric protease 93:110 A dimeric protease designated as EuP-82 93:131 A dimeric protease designated as EuP-82 was purified from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 12 38 theme catalytic 1414:1422 arg1 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 38 theme catalytic 1414:1422 arg1 efficiency 1424:1433 a catalytic efficiency 1412:1433 a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1) 1412:1477 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 8 39 from proline 869:875 arg1 molecule 884:891 the molecule 880:891 the molecule of EuP-82 880:901 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 5 40 dep 12 606:607 arg1 to 603:604 to 603:604 to 603:604 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 10 41 from cleavage 1133:1140 arg1 products 1112:1119 The digested products 1099:1119 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen 1099:1160 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and PMF. 25900422 7 42 theme mol 749:751 arg1 % 752:752 about 20.69 mol% 737:752 about 20.69 mol% 737:752 EuP-82 was a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%). 25900422 7 42 theme mol 749:751 arg1 enzyme 729:734 a proline-rich enzyme 714:734 a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%) 714:753 EuP-82 was a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%). 25900422 0 43 theme glycosylated 38:49 arg1 protease 51:58 a new glycosylated protease 32:58 a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 32:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 12 44 theme ng 1396:1397 arg1 -1 1403:1404 -1 1403:1404 -1 1403:1404 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 44 theme ng 1396:1397 arg1 min 1399:1401 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min 1383:1401 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1) 1383:1405 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 45 theme μM 1350:1351 arg1 efficiency 1424:1433 a catalytic efficiency 1412:1433 a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1) 1412:1477 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 45 theme μM 1350:1351 arg1 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 45 theme μM 1350:1351 arg1 velocity 1364:1371 a maximal velocity 1354:1371 a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1) 1354:1405 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 45 theme μM 1350:1351 arg1 constant 1321:1328 a Michaelis constant 1309:1328 a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM 1309:1351 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 45 theme μM 1350:1351 arg1 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 45 theme μM 1350:1351 arg1 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 2 46 theme serine 229:234 arg1 PMSF 265:268 PMSF 265:268 PMSF 265:268 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 2 46 theme serine 229:234 arg1 inhibitor 254:262 a serine protease specific inhibitor 227:262 a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF) 227:269 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 9 47 theme mass 1013:1016 arg1 PMF 1031:1033 PMF 1031:1033 PMF 1031:1033 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 9 47 theme mass 1013:1016 arg1 fingerprint 1018:1028 peptide mass fingerprint 1005:1028 peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) 1005:1034 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 11 48 theme human 1260:1264 arg1 fibrinogen 1266:1275 human fibrinogen 1260:1275 human fibrinogen 1260:1275 The results confirmed that EuP-82 could digest all subunits of human fibrinogen. 25900422 0 49 theme new 34:36 arg1 protease 51:58 a new glycosylated protease 32:58 a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 32:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 12 50 theme min 1399:1401 arg1 efficiency 1424:1433 a catalytic efficiency 1412:1433 a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1) 1412:1477 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 50 theme min 1399:1401 arg1 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 50 theme min 1399:1401 arg1 velocity 1364:1371 a maximal velocity 1354:1371 a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1) 1354:1405 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 50 theme min 1399:1401 arg1 constant 1321:1328 a Michaelis constant 1309:1328 a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM 1309:1351 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 50 theme min 1399:1401 arg1 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 50 theme min 1399:1401 arg1 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 51 theme maximal 1356:1362 arg1 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 51 theme maximal 1356:1362 arg1 velocity 1364:1371 a maximal velocity 1354:1371 a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1) 1354:1405 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 8 52 theme biotic 835:840 arg1 stresses 854:861 both biotic and abiotic stresses 830:861 both biotic and abiotic stresses 830:861 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 6 53 theme reducing 667:674 arg1 β-mercaptoethanol 683:699 β-mercaptoethanol 683:699 β-mercaptoethanol 683:699 Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). 25900422 6 53 theme reducing 667:674 arg1 agent 676:680 reducing agent 667:680 reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol) 667:700 Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). 25900422 10 54 theme fibrinogen 1151:1160 arg1 cleavage 1133:1140 EuP-82 cleavage 1126:1140 EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen 1126:1160 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and PMF. 25900422 7 55 theme proline-rich 716:727 arg1 EuP-82 703:708 EuP-82 703:708 EuP-82 703:708 EuP-82 was a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%). 25900422 7 55 theme proline-rich 716:727 arg1 % 752:752 about 20.69 mol% 737:752 about 20.69 mol% 737:752 EuP-82 was a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%). 25900422 7 55 theme proline-rich 716:727 arg1 enzyme 729:734 a proline-rich enzyme 714:734 a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%) 714:753 EuP-82 was a proline-rich enzyme (about 20.69 mol%). 25900422 0 56 from Euphorbia 65:73 arg1 protease 51:58 a new glycosylated protease 32:58 a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 32:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 0 56 from Euphorbia 65:73 arg1 characterization 12:27 Biochemical characterization 0:27 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 0:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 12 57 theme Michaelis 1311:1319 arg1 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 57 theme Michaelis 1311:1319 arg1 constant 1321:1328 a Michaelis constant 1309:1328 a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM 1309:1351 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 0 58 theme protease 51:58 arg1 characterization 12:27 Biochemical characterization 0:27 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 0:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 13 59 contain had 1574:1576 arg1 enzyme 1567:1572 the enzyme 1563:1572 the enzyme 1563:1572 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 13 59 contain had 1574:1576 arg2 stability 1613:1621 high stability 1608:1621 high stability 1608:1621 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 13 59 contain had 1574:1576 arg2 activity 1595:1602 fibrinogenolytic activity 1578:1602 fibrinogenolytic activity 1578:1602 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 8 60 theme abiotic 846:852 arg1 stresses 854:861 both biotic and abiotic stresses 830:861 both biotic and abiotic stresses 830:861 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 13 61 contain has 1487:1489 arg2 potential 1491:1499 potential 1491:1499 potential 1491:1499 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 13 61 contain has 1487:1489 arg1 EuP-82 1480:1485 EuP-82 1480:1485 EuP-82 1480:1485 EuP-82 has potential for use in medicinal treatment, for example thrombosis, since the enzyme had fibrinogenolytic activity and high stability. 25900422 10 62 theme digested 1103:1110 arg1 products 1112:1119 The digested products 1099:1119 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen 1099:1160 The digested products from EuP-82 cleavage of human fibrinogen were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and PMF. 25900422 12 63 theme ± 1454:1454 arg1 -1 1475:1476 -1 1475:1476 -1 1475:1476 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 63 theme ± 1454:1454 arg1 min 1471:1473 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min 1448:1473 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1) 1448:1477 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 2 64 theme proteolytic 189:199 arg1 activity 201:208 its proteolytic activity 185:208 its proteolytic activity 185:208 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 0 65 gly glycosylated 38:49 arg1 protease 51:58 a new glycosylated protease 32:58 a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia 32:73 Biochemical characterization of a new glycosylated protease from Euphorbia cf. lactea latex. 25900422 6 66 theme agent 676:680 arg1 presence 655:662 the presence 651:662 the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol) 651:700 Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). 25900422 2 67 theme serine 299:304 arg1 EuP-82 272:277 EuP-82 272:277 EuP-82 272:277 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 2 67 theme serine 299:304 arg1 protease 306:313 a serine protease 297:313 a serine protease 297:313 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 8 68 theme higher 801:806 arg1 plants 808:813 higher plants 801:813 higher plants 801:813 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 12 69 theme ± 1343:1343 arg1 μM 1350:1351 3.30 ± 0.26 μM 1338:1351 3.30 ± 0.26 μM 1338:1351 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 2 70 theme specific 245:252 arg1 PMSF 265:268 PMSF 265:268 PMSF 265:268 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 2 70 theme specific 245:252 arg1 inhibitor 254:262 a serine protease specific inhibitor 227:262 a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF) 227:269 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 5 71 theme fibrinogenolytic 499:514 arg1 activity 516:523 fibrinogenolytic activity 499:523 fibrinogenolytic activity 499:523 The optimal conditions for fibrinogenolytic activity were at pH 11 and 35 °C. EuP-82 enzyme had broad range of pH stability from 4 to 12. 25900422 12 72 theme min 1471:1473 arg1 efficiency 1424:1433 a catalytic efficiency 1412:1433 a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1) 1412:1477 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 72 theme min 1471:1473 arg1 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 Vmax/Km 1436:1442 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 72 theme min 1471:1473 arg1 velocity 1364:1371 a maximal velocity 1354:1371 a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1) 1354:1405 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 72 theme min 1471:1473 arg1 constant 1321:1328 a Michaelis constant 1309:1328 a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM 1309:1351 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 72 theme min 1471:1473 arg1 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 Vmax 1374:1377 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 72 theme min 1471:1473 arg1 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 Km 1331:1332 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 9 73 theme new 1078:1080 arg1 enzyme 1051:1056 the enzyme 1047:1056 the enzyme 1047:1056 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 9 73 theme new 1078:1080 arg1 protease 1089:1096 a new serine protease 1076:1096 a new serine protease 1076:1096 Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequences and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) of EuP-82, the enzyme was identified as a new serine protease. 25900422 3 74 theme N-glycan 316:323 arg1 tests 341:345 N-glycan deglycosylation tests 316:345 N-glycan deglycosylation tests 316:345 N-glycan deglycosylation tests revealed that EuP-82 was a glycosylated protein. 25900422 2 75 theme protease 236:243 arg1 PMSF 265:268 PMSF 265:268 PMSF 265:268 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 2 75 theme protease 236:243 arg1 inhibitor 254:262 a serine protease specific inhibitor 227:262 a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF) 227:269 Since its proteolytic activity was inhibited by a serine protease specific inhibitor (PMSF), EuP-82 was classified as a serine protease. 25900422 6 76 from presence 655:662 arg1 enzyme 624:629 the enzyme 620:629 the enzyme 620:629 Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). 25900422 6 76 from presence 655:662 arg1 active 641:646 active 641:646 active 641:646 Moreover, the enzyme was still active in the presence of reducing agent (β-mercaptoethanol). 25900422 8 77 theme proline 766:772 arg1 production 774:783 Increased proline production 756:783 Increased proline production 756:783 Increased proline production can be found in higher plants in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, high proline in the molecule of EuP-82 might stabilize its activity, structure and folding. 25900422 12 78 theme ± 1389:1389 arg1 -1 1403:1404 -1 1403:1404 -1 1403:1404 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 25900422 12 78 theme ± 1389:1389 arg1 min 1399:1401 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min 1383:1401 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1) 1383:1405 EuP-82 cleaved fibrinogen with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 3.30 ± 0.26 μM; a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 400.9 ± 0.85 ng min(-1); and a catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of 121.5 ± 9.25 ng μM(-1) min(-1). 28289177 4 0 theme 34-103 819:824 arg1 structures 835:844 34-103 O-glycan structures 819:844 34-103 O-glycan structures 819:844 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 9 1 from tissue 1638:1643 arg1 O-glycans 1613:1621 gastric O-glycans 1605:1621 gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1605:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 8 2 theme gastric 1311:1317 arg1 O-glycome 1319:1327 the human gastric O-glycome 1301:1327 the human gastric O-glycome 1301:1327 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 6 3 theme Blood 960:964 arg1 antigens 974:981 Blood group I antigens 960:981 Blood group I antigens 960:981 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 28289177 1 4 gly O-glycosylation 63:77 arg1 individuals 85:95 10 individuals 82:95 10 individuals 82:95 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 1 4 gly O-glycosylation 63:77 arg1 depth 146:150 depth 146:150 depth 146:150 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 4 5 from individual 730:739 arg1 mucins 709:714 mucins 709:714 mucins from a single individual 709:739 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 8 6 theme human 1305:1309 arg1 O-glycome 1319:1327 the human gastric O-glycome 1301:1327 the human gastric O-glycome 1301:1327 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 4 7 contain carried 811:817 arg2 structures 835:844 34-103 O-glycan structures 819:844 34-103 O-glycan structures 819:844 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 4 7 contain carried 811:817 arg1 individual 800:809 each individual 795:809 each individual 795:809 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 9 8 theme cancerous 1628:1636 arg1 tissue 1638:1643 cancerous tissue 1628:1643 cancerous tissue 1628:1643 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 8 9 theme cancer 1362:1367 arg1 research 1369:1376 gastric cancer research 1354:1376 gastric cancer research 1354:1376 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 9 10 theme gastric 1605:1611 arg1 O-glycans 1613:1621 gastric O-glycans 1605:1621 gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1605:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 5 11 theme gastric 912:918 arg1 O-glycans 920:928 gastric O-glycans 912:928 gastric O-glycans 912:928 The majority of gastric O-glycans were neutral and fucosylated. 28289177 4 12 theme enormous 613:620 arg1 diversity 622:630 An enormous diversity 610:630 An enormous diversity in glycosylation 610:647 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 8 13 dep diversity 1219:1227 arg1 The 1215:1217 The 1215:1217 The 1215:1217 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 4 14 theme O-glycan 826:833 arg1 structures 835:844 34-103 O-glycan structures 819:844 34-103 O-glycan structures 819:844 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 1 15 theme mucin 57:61 arg1 O-glycosylation 63:77 The mucin O-glycosylation 53:77 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease 53:128 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 2 16 theme gastric 485:491 arg1 cancer 493:498 gastric cancer 485:498 gastric cancer 485:498 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 6 17 theme human 1093:1097 arg1 O-glycans 1107:1115 human gastric O-glycans 1093:1115 human gastric O-glycans 1093:1115 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 28289177 9 18 theme healthy 1655:1661 arg1 stomachs 1663:1670 healthy stomachs 1655:1670 healthy stomachs 1655:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 4 19 from diversity 622:630 arg1 glycosylation 635:647 glycosylation 635:647 glycosylation 635:647 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 2 20 theme interaction 369:379 arg1 point 360:364 the first point 350:364 the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer 350:498 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 7 21 theme glycan 1159:1164 arg1 structures 1166:1175 1-14 glycan structures 1154:1175 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual 1154:1212 Furthemore, each individual carried 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual. 28289177 4 22 theme single 723:728 arg1 individual 730:739 a single individual 721:739 a single individual 721:739 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 6 23 dep α1,4-GlcNAc-like 1004:1019 arg1 LacdiNAc-like 1048:1060 LacdiNAc-like 1048:1060 LacdiNAc-like 1048:1060 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 28289177 2 24 theme gastric 453:459 arg1 ulcers 474:479 gastric and duodenal ulcers 453:479 gastric and duodenal ulcers 453:479 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 2 24 theme gastric 453:459 arg1 pylori 416:421 Helicobacter pylori 403:421 Helicobacter pylori 403:421 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 2 25 from juice 332:336 arg1 surface 300:306 the epithelial surface 285:306 the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice 285:336 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 8 26 theme gastric 1354:1360 arg1 research 1369:1376 gastric cancer research 1354:1376 gastric cancer research 1354:1376 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 0 27 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans 0:50 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. 28289177 9 28 theme higher 1560:1565 arg1 level 1567:1571 a higher level 1558:1571 a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1558:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 7 29 contain carried 1146:1152 arg1 individual 1135:1144 each individual 1130:1144 each individual 1130:1144 Furthemore, each individual carried 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual. 28289177 7 29 contain carried 1146:1152 arg2 structures 1166:1175 1-14 glycan structures 1154:1175 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual 1154:1212 Furthemore, each individual carried 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual. 28289177 2 30 theme epithelial 289:298 arg1 surface 300:306 the epithelial surface 285:306 the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice 285:336 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 2 31 theme first 354:358 arg1 point 360:364 the first point 350:364 the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer 350:498 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 0 32 theme human 24:28 arg1 glycans 44:50 human gastric mucin glycans 24:50 human gastric mucin glycans 24:50 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. 28289177 9 33 theme sulfation 1592:1600 arg1 level 1567:1571 a higher level 1558:1571 a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1558:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 3 34 theme present 521:527 arg1 study 529:533 the present study 517:533 the present study 517:533 The rational of the present study was to map the O-glycosylation that the pathogen may come in contact with. 28289177 1 35 theme structural 175:184 arg1 map 186:188 a structural map 173:188 a structural map of human gastric glycosylation 173:219 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 1 36 theme individuals 85:95 arg1 O-glycosylation 63:77 The mucin O-glycosylation 53:77 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease 53:128 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 3 37 theme study 529:533 arg1 rational 505:512 rational 505:512 rational 505:512 The rational of the present study was to map the O-glycosylation that the pathogen may come in contact with. 28289177 0 38 theme mucin 38:42 arg1 glycans 44:50 human gastric mucin glycans 24:50 human gastric mucin glycans 24:50 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. 28289177 2 39 theme acidic 317:322 arg1 juice 332:336 the acidic gastric juice 313:336 the acidic gastric juice 313:336 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 7 40 theme 1-14 1154:1157 arg1 structures 1166:1175 1-14 glycan structures 1154:1175 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual 1154:1212 Furthemore, each individual carried 1-14 glycan structures that were unique for that individual. 28289177 8 41 theme gastric 1248:1254 arg1 O-glycosylation 1256:1270 gastric O-glycosylation 1248:1270 gastric O-glycosylation 1248:1270 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 0 42 theme gastric 30:36 arg1 glycans 44:50 human gastric mucin glycans 24:50 human gastric mucin glycans 24:50 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. 28289177 9 43 theme sialylation 1576:1586 arg1 level 1567:1571 a higher level 1558:1571 a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1558:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 8 44 from diversity 1219:1227 arg1 O-glycosylation 1256:1270 gastric O-glycosylation 1248:1270 gastric O-glycosylation 1248:1270 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 1 45 theme human 193:197 arg1 glycosylation 207:219 human gastric glycosylation 193:219 human gastric glycosylation 193:219 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 9 46 from stomachs 1663:1670 arg1 O-glycans 1613:1621 gastric O-glycans 1605:1621 gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1605:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 5 47 theme O-glycans 920:928 arg1 majority 900:907 The majority 896:907 The majority of gastric O-glycans 896:928 The majority of gastric O-glycans were neutral and fucosylated. 28289177 5 47 theme O-glycans 920:928 arg1 neutral 935:941 neutral 935:941 neutral 935:941 The majority of gastric O-glycans were neutral and fucosylated. 28289177 2 48 theme gastric 324:330 arg1 juice 332:336 the acidic gastric juice 313:336 the acidic gastric juice 313:336 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 0 49 theme glycans 44:50 arg1 diversity 11:19 Structural diversity 0:19 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans 0:50 Structural diversity of human gastric mucin glycans. 28289177 8 50 theme cancer 1466:1471 arg1 structures 1482:1491 gastric cancer specific structures 1458:1491 gastric cancer specific structures 1458:1491 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 8 51 theme gastric 1458:1464 arg1 structures 1482:1491 gastric cancer specific structures 1458:1491 gastric cancer specific structures 1458:1491 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 1 52 theme gastric 114:120 arg1 disease 122:128 gastric disease 114:128 gastric disease 114:128 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 4 53 theme glycan 748:753 arg1 chain 755:759 mucin glycan chain 742:759 mucin glycan chain length 742:766 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 8 54 theme individual 1406:1415 arg1 variation 1417:1425 the high individual variation 1397:1425 the high individual variation 1397:1425 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 4 55 theme mucin 742:746 arg1 chain 755:759 mucin glycan chain 742:759 mucin glycan chain length 742:766 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 9 56 theme low 1515:1517 arg1 number 1519:1524 the low number 1511:1524 the low number of individuals 1511:1539 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 6 57 theme O-glycans 1107:1115 arg1 modifications 1076:1088 common modifications 1069:1088 common modifications of human gastric O-glycans 1069:1115 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 28289177 1 58 theme gastric 199:205 arg1 glycosylation 207:219 human gastric glycosylation 193:219 human gastric glycosylation 193:219 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 9 59 theme individuals 1529:1539 arg1 number 1519:1524 the low number 1511:1524 the low number of individuals 1511:1539 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 8 60 theme high 1401:1404 arg1 variation 1417:1425 the high individual variation 1397:1425 the high individual variation 1397:1425 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 6 61 theme common 1069:1074 arg1 modifications 1076:1088 common modifications 1069:1088 common modifications of human gastric O-glycans 1069:1115 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 28289177 8 62 theme O-glycome 1319:1327 arg1 understanding 1284:1296 our understanding 1280:1296 our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome 1280:1327 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 8 62 theme O-glycome 1319:1327 arg1 implications 1337:1348 its implications 1333:1348 its implications for gastric cancer research 1333:1376 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 1 63 theme glycosylation 207:219 arg1 map 186:188 a structural map 173:188 a structural map of human gastric glycosylation 173:219 The mucin O-glycosylation of 10 individuals with and without gastric disease was examined in depth in order to generate a structural map of human gastric glycosylation. 28289177 8 64 theme specific 1473:1480 arg1 structures 1482:1491 gastric cancer specific structures 1458:1491 gastric cancer specific structures 1458:1491 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 4 65 theme chain 755:759 arg1 length 761:766 mucin glycan chain length 742:766 mucin glycan chain length 742:766 An enormous diversity in glycosylation was found, which varied both between individuals and within mucins from a single individual: mucin glycan chain length ranged from 2-13 residues, each individual carried 34-103 O-glycan structures and in total over 258 structures were identified. 28289177 9 66 from level 1567:1571 arg1 O-glycans 1613:1621 gastric O-glycans 1605:1621 gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs 1605:1670 However, despite the low number of individuals, we could verify a higher level of sialylation and sulfation on gastric O-glycans from cancerous tissue than from healthy stomachs. 28289177 2 67 theme duodenal 465:472 arg1 ulcers 474:479 gastric and duodenal ulcers 453:479 gastric and duodenal ulcers 453:479 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 2 67 theme duodenal 465:472 arg1 pylori 416:421 Helicobacter pylori 403:421 Helicobacter pylori 403:421 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 6 68 theme gastric 1099:1105 arg1 O-glycans 1107:1115 human gastric O-glycans 1093:1115 human gastric O-glycans 1093:1115 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 28289177 2 69 theme Helicobacter 403:414 arg1 pylori 416:421 Helicobacter pylori 403:421 Helicobacter pylori 403:421 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 8 70 from alterations 1233:1243 arg1 O-glycosylation 1256:1270 gastric O-glycosylation 1248:1270 gastric O-glycosylation 1248:1270 The diversity and alterations in gastric O-glycosylation broaden our understanding of the human gastric O-glycome and its implications for gastric cancer research and emphasize that the high individual variation makes it difficult to identify gastric cancer specific structures. 28289177 2 71 dep mucins 244:249 arg1 these 238:242 these 238:242 these 238:242 In the stomach, these mucins and their O-glycosylation protect the epithelial surface from the acidic gastric juice and provide the first point of interaction for pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, reported to cause gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. 28289177 6 72 theme group 966:970 arg1 antigens 974:981 Blood group I antigens 960:981 Blood group I antigens 960:981 Blood group I antigens, as well as terminal α1,4-GlcNAc-like and GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-like (LacdiNAc-like), were common modifications of human gastric O-glycans. 24121253 6 0 theme typical 1183:1189 arg1 behaviour 1173:1181 the viscoelastic behaviour typical 1156:1189 the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels 1156:1197 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 2 1 dep composition 485:495 arg1 the 466:468 the 466:468 the 466:468 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 1 2 theme biomechanical 173:185 arg1 characteristics 187:201 suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics 151:201 suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds 151:234 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. 24121253 6 3 theme storage 1216:1222 arg1 modulus 1224:1230 a constant storage modulus 1205:1230 a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions 1205:1276 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 2 4 theme degree 511:516 arg1 influence 453:461 the influence 449:461 the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 449:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 3 5 theme agarose 715:721 arg1 content 723:729 minimum agarose content 707:729 minimum agarose content 707:729 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 2 6 theme low 370:372 arg1 dextrins 358:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 6 theme low 370:372 arg1 attention 423:431 paying special attention 408:431 paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 408:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 6 theme low 370:372 arg1 agents 400:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 4 7 theme chitosan 906:913 arg1 proportions 915:925 agarose:chitosan proportions 898:925 agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75 898:944 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 0 8 theme agarose-chitosan 102:117 arg1 hydrogels 89:97 hydrogels 89:97 hydrogels of agarose-chitosan 89:117 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 24121253 4 9 theme good 821:824 arg1 compatibility 826:838 good compatibility 821:838 good compatibility 821:838 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 5 10 theme crosslinked 1075:1085 arg1 chitosan 1087:1094 the crosslinked chitosan 1071:1094 the crosslinked chitosan 1071:1094 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 4 11 theme swelling 794:801 arg1 analysis 803:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis 767:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis 767:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 5 12 theme microstructure 1030:1043 arg1 formation 1005:1013 the formation 1001:1013 the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker 1001:1129 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 2 13 theme final 541:545 arg1 characteristics 547:561 the final characteristics 537:561 the final characteristics of the network 537:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 14 from composition 485:495 arg1 characteristics 547:561 the final characteristics 537:561 the final characteristics of the network 537:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 9 15 theme tissue 1616:1621 arg1 regeneration 1685:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 9 15 theme tissue 1616:1621 arg1 applications 1635:1646 tissue engineering applications 1616:1646 tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration 1616:1696 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 9 15 theme tissue 1616:1621 arg1 healing 1662:1668 wound healing 1656:1668 wound healing 1656:1668 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 2 16 theme networks 304:311 arg1 aim 255:257 The aim 251:257 The aim of this work 251:270 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 16 theme networks 304:311 arg1 development 280:290 the development 276:290 the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 276:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 5 17 theme atomic 963:968 arg1 microscopy 976:985 atomic force microscopy 963:985 atomic force microscopy images 963:992 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 3 18 theme dextrin 758:764 arg1 oxidation 745:753 oxidation 745:753 oxidation of dextrin 745:764 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 4 19 theme polysaccharides 879:893 arg1 separation 865:874 phase separation 859:874 phase separation of polysaccharides 859:893 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 2 20 theme hydrogel 295:302 arg1 networks 304:311 hydrogel networks 295:311 hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 295:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 1 21 theme engineering 214:224 arg1 scaffolds 226:234 tissue engineering scaffolds 207:234 tissue engineering scaffolds 207:234 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. 24121253 8 22 gly homogeneity 1504:1514 arg1 samples 1523:1529 the samples 1519:1529 the samples 1519:1529 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 8 23 theme samples 1523:1529 arg1 homogeneity 1504:1514 the homogeneity 1500:1514 the homogeneity of the samples 1500:1529 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 8 23 theme samples 1523:1529 arg1 properties 1549:1558 their elastic properties 1535:1558 their elastic properties 1535:1558 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 5 24 link crosslinked 1075:1085 arg1 chitosan 1087:1094 the crosslinked chitosan 1071:1094 the crosslinked chitosan 1071:1094 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 5 25 theme force 970:974 arg1 microscopy 976:985 atomic force microscopy 963:985 atomic force microscopy images 963:992 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 1 26 theme tissue 207:212 arg1 scaffolds 226:234 tissue engineering scaffolds 207:234 tissue engineering scaffolds 207:234 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. 24121253 3 27 theme oxidation 745:753 arg1 degree 735:740 degree 735:740 degree 735:740 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 3 27 theme oxidation 745:753 arg1 content 723:729 minimum agarose content 707:729 minimum agarose content 707:729 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 4 28 theme agarose 898:904 arg1 proportions 915:925 agarose:chitosan proportions 898:925 agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75 898:944 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 4 29 theme Spectroscopic 767:779 arg1 analysis 803:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis 767:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis 767:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 7 30 theme oxidation 1334:1342 arg1 degree 1324:1329 the degree 1320:1329 the degree of oxidation of the crosslinker 1320:1361 The stiffness was strongly influenced by the degree of oxidation of the crosslinker. 24121253 2 31 theme paying 408:413 arg1 attention 423:431 paying special attention 408:431 paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 408:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 31 theme paying 408:413 arg1 agents 400:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 0 32 theme Oxidized 0:7 arg1 dextrins 9:16 Oxidized dextrins 0:16 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 0:118 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 24121253 8 33 theme elastic 1541:1547 arg1 properties 1549:1558 their elastic properties 1535:1558 their elastic properties 1535:1558 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 5 34 theme microscopy 976:985 arg1 images 987:992 atomic force microscopy images 963:992 atomic force microscopy images 963:992 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 7 35 theme crosslinker 1351:1361 arg1 oxidation 1334:1342 oxidation 1334:1342 oxidation of the crosslinker 1334:1361 The stiffness was strongly influenced by the degree of oxidation of the crosslinker. 24121253 0 36 theme alternative 21:31 arg1 agents 46:51 alternative crosslinking agents 21:51 alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides 21:71 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 24121253 3 37 theme interpenetrating 621:636 arg1 formation 605:613 the formation 601:613 the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network 601:679 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 3 37 theme interpenetrating 621:636 arg1 dependent 692:700 dependent 692:700 dependent 692:700 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 4 38 theme thermal 782:788 arg1 analysis 803:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis 767:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis 767:810 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 6 39 theme constant 1207:1214 arg1 modulus 1224:1230 a constant storage modulus 1205:1230 a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions 1205:1276 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 2 40 theme network 570:576 arg1 characteristics 547:561 the final characteristics 537:561 the final characteristics of the network 537:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 6 41 theme frequency 1247:1255 arg1 independent 1232:1242 independent 1232:1242 independent 1232:1242 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 1 42 theme Hydrogel 120:127 arg1 networks 129:136 Hydrogel networks 120:136 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds 120:234 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. 24121253 2 43 theme oxidation 501:509 arg1 degree 511:516 oxidation degree 501:516 oxidation degree 501:516 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 6 44 theme gels 1194:1197 arg1 behaviour 1173:1181 the viscoelastic behaviour typical 1156:1189 the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels 1156:1197 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 9 45 theme wound 1656:1660 arg1 healing 1662:1668 wound healing 1656:1668 wound healing 1656:1668 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 2 46 from degree 511:516 arg1 characteristics 547:561 the final characteristics 537:561 the final characteristics of the network 537:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 9 47 theme soft 1673:1676 arg1 regeneration 1685:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 3 48 dep content 723:729 arg1 a 705:705 a 705:705 a 705:705 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 0 49 theme crosslinking 33:44 arg1 agents 46:51 alternative crosslinking agents 21:51 alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides 21:71 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 24121253 2 50 theme cytotoxicity 374:385 arg1 dextrins 358:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 50 theme cytotoxicity 374:385 arg1 attention 423:431 paying special attention 408:431 paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 408:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 50 theme cytotoxicity 374:385 arg1 agents 400:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 51 from dextrins 525:532 arg1 characteristics 547:561 the final characteristics 537:561 the final characteristics of the network 537:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 52 theme influence 453:461 arg1 study 440:444 the study 436:444 the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 436:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 8 53 theme Cellular 1364:1371 arg1 response 1373:1380 Cellular response 1364:1380 Cellular response to the hydrogels 1364:1397 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 2 54 theme composition 485:495 arg1 influence 453:461 the influence 449:461 the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 449:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 8 55 theme strains 1435:1441 arg1 cells 1416:1420 cells 1416:1420 cells of different strains 1416:1441 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 3 56 theme network 673:679 arg1 formation 605:613 the formation 601:613 the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network 601:679 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 3 56 theme network 673:679 arg1 dependent 692:700 dependent 692:700 dependent 692:700 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 4 57 theme separation 865:874 arg1 absence 848:854 an absence 845:854 an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides 845:893 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 8 58 theme different 1425:1433 arg1 strains 1435:1441 different strains 1425:1441 different strains 1425:1441 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 2 59 theme polysaccharide 470:483 arg1 composition 485:495 polysaccharide composition 470:495 polysaccharide composition 470:495 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 4 60 theme 50:50 930:934 arg1 proportions 915:925 agarose:chitosan proportions 898:925 agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75 898:944 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 4 61 theme phase 859:863 arg1 separation 865:874 phase separation 859:874 phase separation of polysaccharides 859:893 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 3 62 theme polymer 665:671 arg1 network 673:679 a semi-interpenetrating polymer network 641:679 a semi-interpenetrating polymer network 641:679 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 9 63 theme tissue 1678:1683 arg1 regeneration 1685:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 3 64 theme minimum 707:713 arg1 content 723:729 minimum agarose content 707:729 minimum agarose content 707:729 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 5 65 theme fibrillar 1020:1028 arg1 microstructure 1030:1043 a fibrillar microstructure 1018:1043 a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker 1018:1129 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 8 66 theme cell 1448:1451 arg1 adhesion 1453:1460 cell adhesion 1448:1460 cell adhesion 1448:1460 Cellular response to the hydrogels was studied with cells of different strains, and cell adhesion and proliferation was correlated with the homogeneity of the samples and their elastic properties. 24121253 2 67 theme oxidized 349:356 arg1 dextrins 358:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 67 theme oxidized 349:356 arg1 agents 400:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 5 68 theme images 987:992 arg1 analysis 951:958 The analysis 947:958 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images 947:992 The analysis of atomic force microscopy images showed the formation of a fibrillar microstructure whose distribution within the crosslinked chitosan depended mainly on the crosslinker. 24121253 4 69 theme 25:75 940:944 arg1 proportions 915:925 agarose:chitosan proportions 898:925 agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75 898:944 Spectroscopic, thermal and swelling analysis revealed good compatibility with an absence of phase separation of polysaccharides at agarose:chitosan proportions of 50:50 and 25:75. 24121253 2 70 from characteristics 547:561 arg1 composition 485:495 polysaccharide composition 470:495 polysaccharide composition 470:495 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 70 from characteristics 547:561 arg1 degree 511:516 oxidation degree 501:516 oxidation degree 501:516 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 3 71 theme semi-interpenetrating 643:663 arg1 network 673:679 a semi-interpenetrating polymer network 641:679 a semi-interpenetrating polymer network 641:679 The results show that the formation of an interpenetrating or a semi-interpenetrating polymer network was mainly dependent on a minimum agarose content and degree of oxidation of dextrin. 24121253 6 72 theme independent 1232:1242 arg1 modulus 1224:1230 a constant storage modulus 1205:1230 a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions 1205:1276 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 1 73 theme suitable 151:158 arg1 characteristics 187:201 suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics 151:201 suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds 151:234 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. 24121253 9 74 theme hydrogel 1566:1573 arg1 formulations 1575:1586 Some hydrogel formulations 1561:1586 Some hydrogel formulations 1561:1586 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 2 75 theme dextrins 525:532 arg1 composition 485:495 polysaccharide composition 470:495 polysaccharide composition 470:495 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 75 theme dextrins 525:532 arg1 degree 511:516 oxidation degree 501:516 oxidation degree 501:516 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 6 76 theme viscoelastic 1160:1171 arg1 behaviour 1173:1181 the viscoelastic behaviour typical 1156:1189 the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels 1156:1197 All materials exhibited the viscoelastic behaviour typical of gels, with a constant storage modulus independent of frequency for all compositions. 24121253 0 77 dep dextrins 9:16 arg1 application 74:84 application 74:84 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 0:118 Oxidized dextrins as alternative crosslinking agents for polysaccharides: application to hydrogels of agarose-chitosan. 24121253 1 78 theme physical 160:167 arg1 characteristics 187:201 suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics 151:201 suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds 151:234 Hydrogel networks that combine suitable physical and biomechanical characteristics for tissue engineering scaffolds are in demand. 24121253 2 79 theme special 415:421 arg1 attention 423:431 paying special attention 408:431 paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 408:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 79 theme special 415:421 arg1 agents 400:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 80 theme work 267:270 arg1 aim 255:257 The aim 251:257 The aim of this work 251:270 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 80 theme work 267:270 arg1 development 280:290 the development 276:290 the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 276:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 9 81 theme engineering 1623:1633 arg1 regeneration 1685:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 soft tissue regeneration 1673:1696 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 9 81 theme engineering 1623:1633 arg1 applications 1635:1646 tissue engineering applications 1616:1646 tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration 1616:1696 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 9 81 theme engineering 1623:1633 arg1 healing 1662:1668 wound healing 1656:1668 wound healing 1656:1668 Some hydrogel formulations seemed to be candidates for tissue engineering applications such as wound healing or soft tissue regeneration. 24121253 2 82 theme crosslinking 387:398 arg1 dextrins 358:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 oxidized dextrins 349:365 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 82 theme crosslinking 387:398 arg1 attention 423:431 paying special attention 408:431 paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network 408:576 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 24121253 2 82 theme crosslinking 387:398 arg1 agents 400:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents 370:405 The aim of this work was the development of hydrogel networks based on agarose and chitosan using oxidized dextrins as low cytotoxicity crosslinking agents, paying special attention to the study of the influence of the polysaccharide composition and oxidation degree of the dextrins in the final characteristics of the network. 28407904 0 0 theme sorghum 99:105 arg1 bran 107:110 sorghum bran 99:110 sorghum bran 99:110 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 13 1 theme better 1019:1024 arg1 stability 1035:1043 a better emulsion stability 1017:1043 a better emulsion stability 1017:1043 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 11 2 theme sorghum 855:861 arg1 sources 863:869 all sorghum sources 851:869 all sorghum sources 851:869 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 7 3 theme fiber 613:617 arg1 analysis 524:531 The analysis 520:531 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) 520:623 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 4 theme fiber 554:558 arg1 analysis 524:531 The analysis 520:531 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) 520:623 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 13 5 contain had 1013:1015 arg2 stability 1035:1043 a better emulsion stability 1017:1043 a better emulsion stability 1017:1043 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 13 5 contain had 1013:1015 arg1 B 986:986 B 986:986 B from all sorghum sources 986:1011 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 8 6 from IDF 755:757 arg1 rich 747:750 rich 747:750 rich 747:750 CRF from SBA was rich in IDF. 28407904 11 7 from sources 863:869 arg1 CRFs 841:844 CRFs 841:844 CRFs from all sorghum sources 841:869 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 10 8 from soluble 794:800 arg1 water 805:809 water 805:809 water 805:809 B fractions were completely soluble in water and so they were rich in SDF. 28407904 7 9 theme total 599:603 arg1 fiber 613:617 total dietary fiber 599:617 total dietary fiber (TDF) 599:623 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 9 theme total 599:603 arg1 TDF 620:622 TDF 620:622 TDF 620:622 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 10 theme insoluble 536:544 arg1 IDF 561:563 IDF 561:563 IDF 561:563 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 10 theme insoluble 536:544 arg1 fiber 554:558 insoluble dietary fiber 536:558 insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 536:564 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 11 from contents 649:656 arg1 materials 678:686 original sorghum materials 661:686 original sorghum materials 661:686 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 10 12 theme B 766:766 arg1 fractions 768:776 B fractions 766:776 B fractions 766:776 B fractions were completely soluble in water and so they were rich in SDF. 28407904 7 13 theme dietary 605:611 arg1 fiber 613:617 total dietary fiber 599:617 total dietary fiber (TDF) 599:623 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 13 theme dietary 605:611 arg1 TDF 620:622 TDF 620:622 TDF 620:622 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 6 14 theme B 439:439 arg1 fractions 441:449 B fractions 439:449 B fractions 439:449 B fractions was determined, indicating that SBR has a highly branched structure. 28407904 7 15 theme dietary 546:552 arg1 IDF 561:563 IDF 561:563 IDF 561:563 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 15 theme dietary 546:552 arg1 fiber 554:558 insoluble dietary fiber 536:558 insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 536:564 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 10 16 from water 805:809 arg1 soluble 794:800 soluble 794:800 soluble 794:800 B fractions were completely soluble in water and so they were rich in SDF. 28407904 4 17 theme Hemi 421:424 arg1 composition 402:412 The monosaccharide composition 383:412 The monosaccharide composition of the Hemi 383:424 The monosaccharide composition of the Hemi. 28407904 3 18 theme sorghum 314:320 arg1 bran 322:325 sorghum bran 314:325 sorghum bran (SBR) 314:331 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 18 theme sorghum 314:320 arg1 SBR 328:330 SBR 328:330 SBR 328:330 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 19 theme sorghum 334:340 arg1 SBA 351:353 SBA 351:353 SBA 351:353 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 19 theme sorghum 334:340 arg1 bagasse 342:348 sorghum bagasse 334:348 sorghum bagasse (SBA) 334:354 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 20 from bagasse 342:348 arg1 B 273:273 B) 273:274 B) 273:274 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 20 from bagasse 342:348 arg1 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 20 from bagasse 342:348 arg1 residue 295:301 cellulose-rich residue 280:301 cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI) 280:380 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 12 21 theme stability 948:956 arg1 study 958:962 The emulsion stability study 935:962 The emulsion stability study 935:962 The emulsion stability study showed that the Hemi. 28407904 3 22 theme sorghum 360:366 arg1 SBI 377:379 SBI 377:379 SBI 377:379 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 22 theme sorghum 360:366 arg1 biomass 368:374 sorghum biomass 360:374 sorghum biomass (SBI) 360:380 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 12 23 theme emulsion 939:946 arg1 study 958:962 The emulsion stability study 935:962 The emulsion stability study 935:962 The emulsion stability study showed that the Hemi. 28407904 7 24 theme sorghum 670:676 arg1 materials 678:686 original sorghum materials 661:686 original sorghum materials 661:686 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 13 25 theme well-studied 1054:1065 arg1 CFG 1083:1085 CFG 1083:1085 CFG 1083:1085 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 13 25 theme well-studied 1054:1065 arg1 gum 1078:1080 the well-studied corn fiber gum 1050:1080 the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG) 1050:1086 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 10 26 from rich 828:831 arg1 SDF 836:838 SDF 836:838 SDF 836:838 B fractions were completely soluble in water and so they were rich in SDF. 28407904 1 27 theme carbohydrate-rich 194:210 arg1 fractions 212:220 three carbohydrate-rich fractions 188:220 three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi 188:243 This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi. 28407904 13 28 from sources 1005:1011 arg1 B 986:986 B 986:986 B from all sorghum sources 986:1011 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 11 29 dep 35.27g 914:919 arg1 to 911:912 to 911:912 to 911:912 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 7 30 theme following 700:708 arg1 order 710:714 the following order 696:714 the following order 696:714 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 6 31 theme branched 500:507 arg1 structure 509:517 a highly branched structure 491:517 a highly branched structure 491:517 B fractions was determined, indicating that SBR has a highly branched structure. 28407904 3 32 from biomass 368:374 arg1 B 273:273 B) 273:274 B) 273:274 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 32 from biomass 368:374 arg1 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 32 from biomass 368:374 arg1 residue 295:301 cellulose-rich residue 280:301 cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI) 280:380 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 10 33 from SDF 836:838 arg1 rich 828:831 rich 828:831 rich 828:831 B fractions were completely soluble in water and so they were rich in SDF. 28407904 11 34 theme water/g 921:927 arg1 capacity 895:902 high water holding capacity 876:902 high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF) 876:932 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 11 34 theme water/g 921:927 arg1 CRF 929:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 0 35 theme hemicellulose 46:58 arg1 components 74:83 hemicellulose and cellulose components 46:83 hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass 46:131 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 7 36 theme original 661:668 arg1 materials 678:686 original sorghum materials 661:686 original sorghum materials 661:686 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 3 37 from bran 322:325 arg1 B 273:273 B) 273:274 B) 273:274 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 37 from bran 322:325 arg1 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 37 from bran 322:325 arg1 residue 295:301 cellulose-rich residue 280:301 cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI) 280:380 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 11 38 theme holding 887:893 arg1 capacity 895:902 high water holding capacity 876:902 high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF) 876:932 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 11 38 theme holding 887:893 arg1 CRF 929:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 1 39 theme Hemicellulose 223:235 arg1 A 237:237 Hemicellulose A 223:237 three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi 188:243 This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi. 28407904 7 40 theme IDF 645:647 arg1 contents 649:656 TDF and IDF contents 637:656 TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials 637:686 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 4 41 theme monosaccharide 387:400 arg1 composition 402:412 The monosaccharide composition 383:412 The monosaccharide composition of the Hemi 383:424 The monosaccharide composition of the Hemi. 28407904 8 42 from SBA 739:741 arg1 CRF 730:732 CRF 730:732 CRF from SBA 730:741 CRF from SBA was rich in IDF. 28407904 0 43 theme cellulose 64:72 arg1 components 74:83 hemicellulose and cellulose components 46:83 hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass 46:131 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 3 44 theme cellulose-rich 280:293 arg1 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 CRF 304:306 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 3 44 theme cellulose-rich 280:293 arg1 residue 295:301 cellulose-rich residue 280:301 cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI) 280:380 B) and cellulose-rich residue (CRF) from sorghum bran (SBR), sorghum bagasse (SBA) and sorghum biomass (SBI). 28407904 0 45 attach isolated 85:92 arg2 components 74:83 hemicellulose and cellulose components 46:83 hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass 46:131 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 0 45 attach isolated 85:92 arg1 biomass 125:131 biomass 125:131 biomass 125:131 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 0 45 attach isolated 85:92 arg1 bagasse 113:119 bagasse 113:119 bagasse 113:119 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 0 45 attach isolated 85:92 arg1 bran 107:110 sorghum bran 99:110 sorghum bran 99:110 Characterization and functionalities study of hemicellulose and cellulose components isolated from sorghum bran, bagasse and biomass. 28407904 7 46 theme TDF 637:639 arg1 contents 649:656 TDF and IDF contents 637:656 TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials 637:686 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 47 theme dietary 575:581 arg1 SDF 590:592 SDF 590:592 SDF 590:592 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 47 theme dietary 575:581 arg1 fiber 583:587 soluble dietary fiber 567:587 soluble dietary fiber (SDF) 567:593 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 13 48 theme corn 1067:1070 arg1 CFG 1083:1085 CFG 1083:1085 CFG 1083:1085 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 13 48 theme corn 1067:1070 arg1 gum 1078:1080 the well-studied corn fiber gum 1050:1080 the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG) 1050:1086 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 7 49 dep showed 625:630 arg1 SBA˃SBI˃SBR 717:727 SBA˃SBI˃SBR 717:727 SBA˃SBI˃SBR 717:727 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 50 theme fiber 583:587 arg1 analysis 524:531 The analysis 520:531 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) 520:623 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 13 51 theme sorghum 997:1003 arg1 sources 1005:1011 all sorghum sources 993:1011 all sorghum sources 993:1011 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 13 52 theme fiber 1072:1076 arg1 CFG 1083:1085 CFG 1083:1085 CFG 1083:1085 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 13 52 theme fiber 1072:1076 arg1 gum 1078:1080 the well-studied corn fiber gum 1050:1080 the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG) 1050:1086 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 1 53 dep A 237:237 arg1 Hemi 240:243 Hemi 240:243 Hemi 240:243 This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi. 28407904 7 54 theme soluble 567:573 arg1 SDF 590:592 SDF 590:592 SDF 590:592 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 7 54 theme soluble 567:573 arg1 fiber 583:587 soluble dietary fiber 567:587 soluble dietary fiber (SDF) 567:593 The analysis of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) showed that TDF and IDF contents in original sorghum materials were in the following order: SBA˃SBI˃SBR. 28407904 1 55 dep fractions 212:220 arg1 A 237:237 Hemicellulose A 223:237 three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi 188:243 This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize three carbohydrate-rich fractions: Hemicellulose A (Hemi. 28407904 6 56 contain has 487:489 arg1 SBR 483:485 SBR 483:485 SBR 483:485 B fractions was determined, indicating that SBR has a highly branched structure. 28407904 6 56 contain has 487:489 arg2 structure 509:517 a highly branched structure 491:517 a highly branched structure 491:517 B fractions was determined, indicating that SBR has a highly branched structure. 28407904 2 57 dep Hemi 267:270 arg1 A 246:246 A 246:246 A 246:246 A), Hemicellulose B (Hemi. 28407904 2 57 dep Hemi 267:270 arg1 B 264:264 B 264:264 B 264:264 A), Hemicellulose B (Hemi. 28407904 13 58 theme emulsion 1026:1033 arg1 stability 1035:1043 a better emulsion stability 1017:1043 a better emulsion stability 1017:1043 B from all sorghum sources had a better emulsion stability than the well-studied corn fiber gum (CFG). 28407904 8 59 from rich 747:750 arg1 IDF 755:757 IDF 755:757 IDF 755:757 CRF from SBA was rich in IDF. 28407904 11 60 theme high 876:879 arg1 capacity 895:902 high water holding capacity 876:902 high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF) 876:932 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 11 60 theme high 876:879 arg1 CRF 929:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 11 61 theme water 881:885 arg1 capacity 895:902 high water holding capacity 876:902 high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF) 876:932 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 28407904 11 61 theme water 881:885 arg1 CRF 929:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF 905:931 CRFs from all sorghum sources show high water holding capacity (22.76 to 35.27g water/g CRF). 26296532 3 0 theme inhibitory 522:531 arg1 activity 533:540 activity 533:540 activity 533:540 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 3 1 dep times 550:554 arg1 stronger 556:563 stronger 556:563 stronger 556:563 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 4 2 theme glucuronic 745:754 arg1 acid 756:759 glucuronic acid 745:759 glucuronic acid 745:759 The carbohydrate composition which was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR was found to be composed mainly of glucose, glucuronic acid, fucose, 2-O-methylfucose, mannose, galactose and xylose. 26296532 2 3 theme water 320:324 arg1 extract 326:332 the hot water extract 312:332 the hot water extract 312:332 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 3 4 theme 7.18 505:508 arg1 μg/ml 510:514 7.18 μg/ml 505:514 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication 505:633 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 3 4 theme 7.18 505:508 arg1 IC 441:442 The IC(50) 437:446 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide 437:499 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 1 5 theme active 127:132 arg1 substance 134:142 An active substance 124:142 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 124:184 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 4 6 theme carbohydrate 640:651 arg1 composition 653:663 The carbohydrate composition 636:663 The carbohydrate composition which was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR 636:699 The carbohydrate composition which was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR was found to be composed mainly of glucose, glucuronic acid, fucose, 2-O-methylfucose, mannose, galactose and xylose. 26296532 2 7 theme hot 316:318 arg1 extract 326:332 the hot water extract 312:332 the hot water extract 312:332 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 3 8 theme 14.5 545:548 arg1 times 550:554 times 550:554 times 550:554 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 2 9 theme anion 350:354 arg1 exchange 356:363 anion exchange 350:363 anion exchange 350:363 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 1 10 with substance 134:142 arg1 effect 179:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 1 11 theme edible 208:213 arg1 strain 262:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 2 12 theme active 292:297 arg1 polysaccharide 421:434 a polysaccharide 419:434 a polysaccharide 419:434 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 2 12 theme active 292:297 arg1 component 299:307 The active component 288:307 The active component in the hot water extract 288:332 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 1 13 theme cyanobacterium 215:228 arg1 strain 262:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 3 14 theme disodium 578:585 arg1 medication 624:633 an anti-allergy medication 608:633 an anti-allergy medication 608:633 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 3 14 theme disodium 578:585 arg1 DSCG 601:604 DSCG 601:604 DSCG 601:604 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 3 14 theme disodium 578:585 arg1 cromoglycate 587:598 disodium cromoglycate 578:598 disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 578:605 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 3 15 theme polysaccharide 486:499 arg1 hyaluronidase 456:468 hyaluronidase 456:468 hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide 456:499 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 1 16 attach isolated 190:197 arg1 strain 262:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 1 16 attach isolated 190:197 arg2 substance 134:142 An active substance 124:142 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 124:184 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 2 17 from component 299:307 arg1 extract 326:332 the hot water extract 312:332 the hot water extract 312:332 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 1 18 theme lobatus 243:249 arg1 strain 262:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 0 19 theme polysaccharide 26:39 arg1 analysis 14:21 analysis 14:21 analysis 14:21 Isolation and analysis of polysaccharide showing high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN. 26296532 0 19 theme polysaccharide 26:39 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and analysis of polysaccharide showing high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN. 26296532 0 20 from activity 79:86 arg1 MAC0804NAN 112:121 MAC0804NAN 112:121 MAC0804NAN 112:121 Isolation and analysis of polysaccharide showing high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN. 26296532 1 21 theme MAC0804NAN 251:260 arg1 strain 262:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain 204:267 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 0 22 theme hyaluronidase 54:66 arg1 activity 79:86 high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity 49:86 high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN 49:121 Isolation and analysis of polysaccharide showing high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN. 26296532 2 23 theme filtration 373:382 arg1 chromatography 384:397 gel filtration chromatography 369:397 gel filtration chromatography 369:397 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 0 24 theme high 49:52 arg1 activity 79:86 high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity 49:86 high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN 49:121 Isolation and analysis of polysaccharide showing high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN. 26296532 2 25 theme gel 369:371 arg1 chromatography 384:397 gel filtration chromatography 369:397 gel filtration chromatography 369:397 The active component in the hot water extract was purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and was found to be a polysaccharide. 26296532 3 26 theme anti-allergy 611:622 arg1 medication 624:633 an anti-allergy medication 608:633 an anti-allergy medication 608:633 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 3 26 theme anti-allergy 611:622 arg1 cromoglycate 587:598 disodium cromoglycate 578:598 disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 578:605 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 1 27 theme high 149:152 arg1 effect 179:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 1 28 dep cyanobacterium 215:228 arg1 Nostochopsis 230:241 Nostochopsis 230:241 Nostochopsis 230:241 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 3 29 theme purified 477:484 arg1 polysaccharide 486:499 the purified polysaccharide 473:499 the purified polysaccharide 473:499 The IC(50) against hyaluronidase of the purified polysaccharide was 7.18 μg/ml whose inhibitory activity is 14.5 times stronger than that of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), an anti-allergy medication. 26296532 1 30 theme hyaluronidase 154:166 arg1 effect 179:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26296532 0 31 theme inhibitory 68:77 arg1 activity 79:86 high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity 49:86 high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN 49:121 Isolation and analysis of polysaccharide showing high hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN. 26296532 1 32 theme inhibitory 168:177 arg1 effect 179:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect 149:184 An active substance with high hyaluronidase inhibitory effect was isolated from the edible cyanobacterium Nostochopsis lobatus MAC0804NAN strain and characterized. 26645141 6 0 theme time-independent 1060:1075 arg1 models 1077:1082 different time-independent models 1050:1082 different time-independent models 1050:1082 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 3 1 theme arabinose 612:620 arg1 presence 600:607 the presence 596:607 the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide 596:730 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 2 2 theme 75.87 504:508 arg1 % 509:509 % 509:509 % 509:509 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 1 3 theme monosaccharide 151:164 arg1 compositions 166:177 monosaccharide compositions 151:177 monosaccharide compositions 151:177 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 7 4 theme Dynamic 1150:1156 arg1 spectra 1169:1175 Dynamic mechanical spectra 1150:1175 Dynamic mechanical spectra 1150:1175 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 0 5 theme Lallemantia 81:91 arg1 royleana 93:100 Lallemantia royleana 81:100 Lallemantia royleana 81:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 2 6 dep BSG 428:430 arg1 contains 432:439 contains 432:439 contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids 432:560 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 5 7 theme shear 971:975 arg1 range 982:986 the shear rate range 967:986 the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1) 967:1008 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 1 8 theme royleana 362:369 arg1 mucilage 377:384 Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage 350:384 Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) 350:390 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 8 theme royleana 362:369 arg1 BSG 387:389 BSG 387:389 BSG 387:389 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 4 9 theme seed 809:812 arg1 gums 814:817 most seed gums 804:817 most seed gums 804:817 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 10 theme molecular 758:766 arg1 Da 788:789 1.294×10(6) Da 776:789 1.294×10(6) Da 776:789 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 10 theme molecular 758:766 arg1 weight 768:773 similar molecular weight 750:773 similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) 750:790 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 2 11 theme % 468:468 arg1 ash 477:479 8.24% (d.b.) ash 464:479 8.24% (d.b.) ash 464:479 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 1 12 theme surface 330:336 arg1 activity 338:345 surface activity 330:345 surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) 330:390 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 3 13 theme 4.11 699:702 arg1 glucose 690:696 glucose 690:696 glucose (4.11%) 690:704 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 13 theme 4.11 699:702 arg1 % 703:703 4.11% 699:703 4.11% 699:703 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 5 14 theme shear-thinning 929:942 arg1 n<0.29 954:959 n<0.29 954:959 n<0.29 954:959 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 5 14 theme shear-thinning 929:942 arg1 behavior 944:951 a strong shear-thinning behavior 920:951 a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) 920:960 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 2 15 theme 8.24 464:467 arg1 % 468:468 % 468:468 % 468:468 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 4 16 theme gyration 861:868 arg1 radius 870:875 gyration radius 861:875 gyration radius (104.84 nm) 861:887 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 16 theme gyration 861:868 arg1 nm 885:886 104.84 nm 878:886 104.84 nm 878:886 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 9 17 theme surface 1460:1466 arg1 tension 1468:1474 the surface tension 1456:1474 the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75% 1456:1518 BSG exhibited the ability to reduce the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75%. 26645141 9 18 theme lower 1503:1507 arg1 concentrations 1488:1501 concentrations 1488:1501 concentrations lower than 0.75% 1488:1518 BSG exhibited the ability to reduce the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75%. 26645141 9 19 theme water 1479:1483 arg1 tension 1468:1474 the surface tension 1456:1474 the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75% 1456:1518 BSG exhibited the ability to reduce the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75%. 26645141 2 20 theme uronic 549:554 arg1 acids 556:560 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids 441:560 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids 441:560 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 21 dep % 509:509 arg1 d.b. 512:515 d.b. 512:515 d.b. 512:515 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 1 22 theme molecular 180:188 arg1 parameters 197:206 molecular weight parameters 180:206 molecular weight parameters 180:206 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 6 23 theme rheological 1126:1136 arg1 properties 1138:1147 BSG rheological properties 1122:1147 BSG rheological properties 1122:1147 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 1 24 theme Lallemantia 350:360 arg1 mucilage 377:384 Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage 350:384 Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) 350:390 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 24 theme Lallemantia 350:360 arg1 BSG 387:389 BSG 387:389 BSG 387:389 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 4 25 theme similar 750:756 arg1 Da 788:789 1.294×10(6) Da 776:789 1.294×10(6) Da 776:789 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 25 theme similar 750:756 arg1 weight 768:773 similar molecular weight 750:773 similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) 750:790 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 7 26 theme mechanical 1158:1167 arg1 spectra 1169:1175 Dynamic mechanical spectra 1150:1175 Dynamic mechanical spectra 1150:1175 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 1 27 theme weight 190:195 arg1 parameters 197:206 molecular weight parameters 180:206 molecular weight parameters 180:206 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 0 28 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characteristics 31:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics 0:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 0:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 2 29 theme % 509:509 arg1 carbohydrate 518:529 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate 504:529 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate 504:529 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 8 30 theme binding 1396:1402 arg1 sites 1404:1408 binding sites 1396:1408 binding sites for ions 1396:1417 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 8 30 theme binding 1396:1402 arg1 presence 1348:1355 the presence 1344:1355 the presence 1344:1355 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 3 31 from presence 600:607 arg1 polysaccharide 717:730 the BSG polysaccharide 709:730 the BSG polysaccharide 709:730 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 9 32 from concentrations 1488:1501 arg1 tension 1468:1474 the surface tension 1456:1474 the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75% 1456:1518 BSG exhibited the ability to reduce the surface tension of water at concentrations lower than 0.75%. 26645141 6 33 theme behavior 1016:1023 arg1 data 1025:1028 Flow behavior data 1011:1028 Flow behavior data 1011:1028 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 5 34 theme s 1004:1004 arg1 range 982:986 the shear rate range 967:986 the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1) 967:1008 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 1 35 dep information 138:148 arg1 & 208:208 & 208:208 & FTIR analysis 208:222 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 3 36 theme BSG 713:715 arg1 polysaccharide 717:730 the BSG polysaccharide 709:730 the BSG polysaccharide 709:730 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 0 37 theme physicochemical 15:29 arg1 characteristics 31:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics 0:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 0:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 1 38 theme carbohydrate 272:283 arg1 acids 294:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 38 theme carbohydrate 272:283 arg1 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 6 39 theme Flow 1011:1014 arg1 data 1025:1028 Flow behavior data 1011:1028 Flow behavior data 1011:1028 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 0 40 from royleana 93:100 arg1 gum 72:74 a novel water-soluble gum 50:74 a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 50:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 0 40 from royleana 93:100 arg1 characteristics 31:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics 0:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 0:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 1 41 theme FTIR 210:213 arg1 analysis 215:222 FTIR analysis 210:222 FTIR analysis 210:222 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 6 42 theme good 1102:1105 arg1 description 1107:1117 a good description 1100:1117 a good description of BSG rheological properties 1100:1147 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 1 43 theme & 285:285 arg1 acids 294:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 43 theme & 285:285 arg1 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 6 44 theme properties 1138:1147 arg1 description 1107:1117 a good description 1100:1117 a good description of BSG rheological properties 1100:1147 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 1 45 theme seeds 371:375 arg1 mucilage 377:384 Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage 350:384 Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) 350:390 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 45 theme seeds 371:375 arg1 BSG 387:389 BSG 387:389 BSG 387:389 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 46 theme uronic 287:292 arg1 acids 294:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 46 theme uronic 287:292 arg1 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 2 47 dep % 468:468 arg1 d.b. 471:474 d.b. 471:474 d.b. 471:474 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 1 48 theme mucilage 377:384 arg1 composition 235:245 chemical composition 226:245 chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids) 226:299 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 48 theme mucilage 377:384 arg1 activity 338:345 surface activity 330:345 surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) 330:390 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 48 theme mucilage 377:384 arg1 properties 314:323 rheological properties 302:323 rheological properties 302:323 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 48 theme mucilage 377:384 arg1 information 138:148 the structural information 123:148 the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis) 123:223 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 0 49 theme water-soluble 58:70 arg1 gum 72:74 a novel water-soluble gum 50:74 a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 50:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 7 50 theme many 1279:1282 arg1 gums 1295:1298 many commercial gums 1279:1298 many commercial gums 1279:1298 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg2 glucose 690:696 glucose 690:696 glucose (4.11%) 690:704 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg2 arabinose 612:620 arabinose 612:620 arabinose (37.88%) 612:629 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg2 % 628:628 37.88% 623:628 37.88% 623:628 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg1 polysaccharide 717:730 the BSG polysaccharide 709:730 the BSG polysaccharide 709:730 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg2 galactose 632:640 galactose 632:640 galactose (33.54%) 632:649 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg2 rhamnose 652:659 rhamnose 652:659 rhamnose (18.44%) 652:668 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 3 51 attach presence 600:607 arg2 xylose 671:676 xylose 671:676 xylose (6.02%) 671:684 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 7 52 theme gel 1215:1217 arg1 typical 1199:1205 typical 1199:1205 typical 1199:1205 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 6 53 theme BSG 1122:1124 arg1 properties 1138:1147 BSG rheological properties 1122:1147 BSG rheological properties 1122:1147 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 7 54 theme rheological 1230:1240 arg1 parameters 1242:1251 its rheological parameters 1226:1251 its rheological parameters 1226:1251 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 0 55 theme novel 52:56 arg1 gum 72:74 a novel water-soluble gum 50:74 a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 50:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 7 56 theme commercial 1284:1293 arg1 gums 1295:1298 many commercial gums 1279:1298 many commercial gums 1279:1298 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 1 57 theme rheological 302:312 arg1 properties 314:323 rheological properties 302:323 rheological properties 302:323 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 8 58 theme groups 1369:1374 arg1 sites 1404:1408 binding sites 1396:1408 binding sites for ions 1396:1417 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 8 58 theme groups 1369:1374 arg1 presence 1348:1355 the presence 1344:1355 the presence 1344:1355 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 3 59 theme Monosaccharide 563:576 arg1 analysis 578:585 Monosaccharide analysis 563:585 Monosaccharide analysis 563:585 Monosaccharide analysis revealed the presence of arabinose (37.88%), galactose (33.54%), rhamnose (18.44%), xylose (6.02%) and glucose (4.11%) in the BSG polysaccharide. 26645141 8 60 theme polymer 1329:1335 arg1 spectra 1310:1316 The FTIR spectra 1301:1316 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer 1301:1335 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 8 61 theme BSG 1325:1327 arg1 polymer 1329:1335 the BSG polymer 1321:1335 the BSG polymer 1321:1335 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 7 62 theme weak 1210:1213 arg1 gel 1215:1217 weak gel 1210:1217 weak gel 1210:1217 Dynamic mechanical spectra demonstrated BSG is a typical of weak gel, which its rheological parameters were superior to those of many commercial gums. 26645141 5 63 theme strong 922:927 arg1 n<0.29 954:959 n<0.29 954:959 n<0.29 954:959 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 5 63 theme strong 922:927 arg1 behavior 944:951 a strong shear-thinning behavior 920:951 a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) 920:960 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 5 64 dep 1000 999:1002 arg1 to 996:997 to 996:997 to 996:997 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 6 65 theme different 1050:1058 arg1 models 1077:1082 different time-independent models 1050:1082 different time-independent models 1050:1082 Flow behavior data was correlated with different time-independent models, which provided a good description of BSG rheological properties. 26645141 1 66 dep composition 235:245 arg1 acids 294:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 carbohydrate & uronic acids 272:298 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 66 dep composition 235:245 arg1 ash 267:269 ash 267:269 ash 267:269 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 66 dep composition 235:245 arg1 protein 258:264 protein 258:264 protein 258:264 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 66 dep composition 235:245 arg1 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 moisture 248:255 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 1 67 theme structural 127:136 arg1 information 138:148 the structural information 123:148 the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis) 123:223 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 carbohydrate 518:529 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate 504:529 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate 504:529 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 % 486:486 2.71% 482:486 2.71% (d.b.) protein 482:501 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 % 540:540 20.33% 535:540 20.33% 535:540 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 w.b. 448:451 w.b. 448:451 w.b. 448:451 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 d.b. 489:492 d.b. 489:492 d.b. 489:492 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 moisture 454:461 moisture 454:461 moisture 454:461 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 ash 477:479 8.24% (d.b.) ash 464:479 8.24% (d.b.) ash 464:479 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 2 68 dep uronic 549:554 arg1 % 445:445 8.51% 441:445 8.51% 441:445 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 1 69 theme chemical 226:233 arg1 composition 235:245 chemical composition 226:245 chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids) 226:299 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 2 70 dep % 486:486 arg1 protein 495:501 protein 495:501 2.71% (d.b.) protein 482:501 The results showed BSG contains 8.51% (w.b.) moisture, 8.24% (d.b.) ash, 2.71% (d.b.) protein, 75.87% (d.b.) carbohydrate and 20.33% (d.b.) uronic acids. 26645141 5 71 theme rate 977:980 arg1 range 982:986 the shear rate range 967:986 the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1) 967:1008 The BSG exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior (n<0.29) over the shear rate range of 0.01 to 1000 s(-1). 26645141 1 72 dep & 208:208 arg1 compositions 166:177 monosaccharide compositions 151:177 monosaccharide compositions 151:177 In this study, the structural information (monosaccharide compositions, molecular weight parameters & FTIR analysis), chemical composition (moisture, protein, ash, carbohydrate & uronic acids), rheological properties, and surface activity of Lallemantia royleana seeds mucilage (BSG) were determined. 26645141 8 73 theme FTIR 1305:1308 arg1 spectra 1310:1316 The FTIR spectra 1301:1316 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer 1301:1335 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 4 74 theme intrinsic 824:832 arg1 dL/g 851:854 23.06 dL/g 845:854 23.06 dL/g 845:854 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 74 theme intrinsic 824:832 arg1 higher 894:899 higher 894:899 higher 894:899 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 74 theme intrinsic 824:832 arg1 viscosity 834:842 the intrinsic viscosity 820:842 the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) 820:855 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 8 75 theme carboxyl 1360:1367 arg1 groups 1369:1374 carboxyl groups 1360:1374 carboxyl groups 1360:1374 The FTIR spectra of the BSG polymer showed the presence of carboxyl groups, which may serve as binding sites for ions. 26645141 0 76 theme gum 72:74 arg1 characteristics 31:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics 0:45 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana 0:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 0 77 from characteristics 31:45 arg1 royleana 93:100 Lallemantia royleana 81:100 Lallemantia royleana 81:100 Structural and physicochemical characteristics of a novel water-soluble gum from Lallemantia royleana seed. 26645141 4 78 contain had 746:748 arg2 weight 768:773 similar molecular weight 750:773 similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) 750:790 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 78 contain had 746:748 arg2 Da 788:789 1.294×10(6) Da 776:789 1.294×10(6) Da 776:789 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 78 contain had 746:748 arg1 BSG 742:744 BSG 742:744 BSG 742:744 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 26645141 4 79 theme most 804:807 arg1 gums 814:817 most seed gums 804:817 most seed gums 804:817 Although BSG had similar molecular weight (1.294×10(6) Da) compared to most seed gums, the intrinsic viscosity (23.06 dL/g) and gyration radius (104.84 nm) were higher. 27467880 6 0 theme improved 903:910 arg1 viability 917:925 improved cell viability 903:925 improved cell viability 903:925 Further, improved cell viability was observed upon the composites. 27467880 7 1 theme tissue 1125:1130 arg1 engineering 1132:1142 tissue engineering 1125:1142 tissue engineering 1125:1142 Because of their attractive structure and properties, these BC-SS biomaterials represent potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering. 27467880 6 2 theme cell 912:915 arg1 viability 917:925 improved cell viability 903:925 improved cell viability 903:925 Further, improved cell viability was observed upon the composites. 27467880 4 3 theme SS 550:551 arg1 concentration 553:565 the SS concentration 546:565 the SS concentration used for sample preparation 546:593 The constructs were highly porous with interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation. 27467880 1 4 theme Bacterial 90:98 arg1 BC 111:112 BC 111:112 BC 111:112 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing. 27467880 1 4 theme Bacterial 90:98 arg1 cellulose 100:108 Bacterial cellulose 90:108 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 90:113 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing. 27467880 1 4 theme Bacterial 90:98 arg1 polysaccharide 120:133 a polysaccharide 118:133 a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing 118:185 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing. 27467880 1 5 theme proper 166:171 arg1 healing 179:185 proper wound healing 166:185 proper wound healing 166:185 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing. 27467880 3 6 theme solution 332:339 arg1 impregnation 341:352 solution impregnation 332:352 solution impregnation 332:352 The composites obtained by solution impregnation were stabilized by hydrogen bonds, and SS could be released in a controlled manner. 27467880 1 7 theme wound 173:177 arg1 healing 179:185 proper wound healing 166:185 proper wound healing 166:185 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing. 27467880 3 8 theme hydrogen 373:380 arg1 bonds 382:386 hydrogen bonds 373:386 hydrogen bonds 373:386 The composites obtained by solution impregnation were stabilized by hydrogen bonds, and SS could be released in a controlled manner. 27467880 7 9 theme wound 1084:1088 arg1 applications 1099:1110 wound dressing applications 1084:1110 wound dressing applications 1084:1110 Because of their attractive structure and properties, these BC-SS biomaterials represent potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering. 27467880 7 10 theme potential 1050:1058 arg1 candidates 1060:1069 potential candidates 1050:1069 potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering 1050:1142 Because of their attractive structure and properties, these BC-SS biomaterials represent potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering. 27467880 5 11 theme matrix 853:858 arg1 production 860:869 extracellular matrix production 839:869 extracellular matrix production 839:869 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 7 12 theme dressing 1090:1097 arg1 applications 1099:1110 wound dressing applications 1084:1110 wound dressing applications 1084:1110 Because of their attractive structure and properties, these BC-SS biomaterials represent potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering. 27467880 2 13 theme mitogenic 286:294 arg1 effects 296:302 cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 267:302 cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 267:302 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 5 14 theme wound 805:809 arg1 healing 811:817 the wound healing 801:817 the wound healing process 801:825 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 0 15 theme Bacterial 28:36 arg1 Cellulose 38:46 Bacterial Cellulose 28:46 Bacterial Cellulose 28:46 Silk Sericin-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose as a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial. 27467880 5 16 dep enhanced 737:744 arg1 optimize 792:799 optimize 792:799 optimize the wound healing process 792:825 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 5 16 dep enhanced 737:744 arg1 improve 831:837 improve 831:837 improve extracellular matrix production 831:869 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 2 17 theme cytoprotective 267:280 arg1 effects 296:302 cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 267:302 cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 267:302 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 5 18 theme healing 811:817 arg1 process 819:825 the wound healing process 801:825 the wound healing process 801:825 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 5 19 theme fibroblast 746:755 arg1 proliferation 757:769 fibroblast proliferation 746:769 fibroblast proliferation 746:769 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 2 20 contain has 263:265 arg2 effects 296:302 cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 267:302 cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 267:302 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 2 20 contain has 263:265 arg1 SS 254:255 SS 254:255 SS 254:255 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 2 20 contain has 263:265 arg1 sericin 245:251 silk sericin 240:251 silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 240:302 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 3 21 theme controlled 419:428 arg1 manner 430:435 a controlled manner 417:435 a controlled manner 417:435 The composites obtained by solution impregnation were stabilized by hydrogen bonds, and SS could be released in a controlled manner. 27467880 4 22 theme high 511:514 arg1 uptake 522:527 high water uptake 511:527 high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation 511:593 The constructs were highly porous with interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation. 27467880 0 23 theme Wound-Healing 63:75 arg1 Biomaterial 77:87 a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial 51:87 a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial 51:87 Silk Sericin-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose as a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial. 27467880 5 24 theme BC 642:643 arg1 network 645:651 the BC network 638:651 the BC network 638:651 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 0 25 theme Potential 53:61 arg1 Biomaterial 77:87 a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial 51:87 a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial 51:87 Silk Sericin-Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose as a Potential Wound-Healing Biomaterial. 27467880 5 26 theme network 645:651 arg1 stability 625:633 the stability 621:633 the stability of the BC network 621:651 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 4 27 theme water 516:520 arg1 uptake 522:527 high water uptake 511:527 high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation 511:593 The constructs were highly porous with interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation. 27467880 7 28 theme BC-SS 1021:1025 arg1 biomaterials 1027:1038 these BC-SS biomaterials 1015:1038 these BC-SS biomaterials 1015:1038 Because of their attractive structure and properties, these BC-SS biomaterials represent potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering. 27467880 5 29 theme soluble 654:660 arg1 SS 662:663 soluble SS 654:663 soluble SS diffusing from the composites 654:693 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 7 30 theme attractive 978:987 arg1 structure 989:997 their attractive structure 972:997 their attractive structure 972:997 Because of their attractive structure and properties, these BC-SS biomaterials represent potential candidates not only for wound dressing applications but also for tissue engineering. 27467880 4 31 theme sample 576:581 arg1 preparation 583:593 sample preparation 576:593 sample preparation 576:593 The constructs were highly porous with interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation. 27467880 5 32 theme keratinocyte 713:724 arg1 growth 726:731 keratinocyte growth 713:731 keratinocyte growth 713:731 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 2 33 theme silk 240:243 arg1 SS 254:255 SS 254:255 SS 254:255 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 2 33 theme silk 240:243 arg1 sericin 245:251 silk sericin 240:251 silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects 240:302 To improve this ability, BC was functionalized with silk sericin (SS) that has cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. 27467880 4 34 with porous 465:470 arg1 pores 492:496 interconnected pores 477:496 interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation 477:593 The constructs were highly porous with interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation. 27467880 5 35 theme extracellular 839:851 arg1 production 860:869 extracellular matrix production 839:869 extracellular matrix production 839:869 While SS did not disrupt the stability of the BC network, soluble SS diffusing from the composites did not influence keratinocyte growth but enhanced fibroblast proliferation, which would further optimize the wound healing process and improve extracellular matrix production, accelerating healing. 27467880 4 36 theme interconnected 477:490 arg1 pores 492:496 interconnected pores 477:496 interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation 477:593 The constructs were highly porous with interconnected pores allowing for high water uptake that varied with the SS concentration used for sample preparation. 27467880 1 37 theme suitable 146:153 arg1 matrix 155:160 a suitable matrix 144:160 a suitable matrix for proper wound healing 144:185 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polysaccharide known as a suitable matrix for proper wound healing. 29022389 12 0 theme analytical 2008:2017 arg1 methods 2019:2025 analytical methods 2008:2025 analytical methods 2008:2025 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 11 1 theme butyrate 1835:1842 arg1 production 1844:1853 acetate, propionate and butyrate production 1811:1853 acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples 1811:1902 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 4 2 theme phosphate-buffered 849:866 arg1 medium 876:881 a phosphate-buffered defined medium 847:881 a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate 847:935 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 4 3 theme healthy 814:820 arg1 donors 822:827 healthy donors 814:827 healthy donors 814:827 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 12 4 theme specific 2091:2098 arg1 fibres 2108:2113 specific dietary fibres 2091:2113 specific dietary fibres 2091:2113 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 11 5 theme microbial 1968:1976 arg1 population 1978:1987 colon microbial population 1962:1987 colon microbial population 1962:1987 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 7 6 dep 8 1325:1325 arg1 to 1322:1323 to 1322:1323 to 1322:1323 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 12 7 theme fibres 2108:2113 arg1 impact 2081:2086 the impact 2077:2086 the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota 2077:2156 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 3 8 theme faecal 723:728 arg1 microbiota 730:739 faecal microbiota 723:739 faecal microbiota 723:739 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 1 9 theme microbiota 196:205 arg1 activity 178:185 The metabolic activity 164:185 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota 164:205 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 7 10 theme J/ml 1327:1330 arg1 generation 1305:1314 total heat generation 1294:1314 total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml 1294:1330 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 0 11 theme isothermal 129:138 arg1 microcalorimetry 140:155 an isothermal microcalorimetry 126:155 an isothermal microcalorimetry study 126:161 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 5 12 theme 16S 1027:1029 arg1 rRNA 1031:1034 the 16S rRNA 1023:1034 the 16S rRNA 1023:1034 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 6 13 theme multiauxic 1144:1153 arg1 curves 1166:1171 The multiauxic power-time curves 1140:1171 The multiauxic power-time curves obtained 1140:1180 The multiauxic power-time curves obtained were substrate-specific. 29022389 6 13 theme multiauxic 1144:1153 arg1 substrate-specific 1187:1204 substrate-specific 1187:1204 substrate-specific 1187:1204 The multiauxic power-time curves obtained were substrate-specific. 29022389 9 14 dep increase 1531:1538 arg1 e.g. 1526:1529 e.g. 1526:1529 e.g. 1526:1529 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 3 15 theme isothermal 759:768 arg1 IMC 788:790 IMC 788:790 IMC 788:790 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 15 theme isothermal 759:768 arg1 microcalorimetry 770:785 isothermal microcalorimetry 759:785 isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) 759:791 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 5 16 theme metabolites 1083:1093 arg1 concentrations 1065:1078 concentrations 1065:1078 concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) 1065:1100 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 11 17 theme major 1941:1945 arg1 substrates 1947:1956 major substrates 1941:1956 major substrates for colon microbial population 1941:1987 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 11 17 theme major 1941:1945 arg1 mucins 1921:1926 mucins 1921:1926 mucins 1921:1926 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 1 18 theme branching 306:314 arg1 degree 277:282 degree 277:282 degree of polymerisation and branching 277:314 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 1 18 theme branching 306:314 arg1 compositions 263:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 1 19 theme metabolic 168:176 arg1 activity 178:185 The metabolic activity 164:185 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota 164:205 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 4 20 theme substrate 927:935 arg1 supplementation 899:913 supplementation 899:913 supplementation of a single substrate 899:935 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 0 21 theme dietary 91:97 arg1 polysaccharides 99:113 different dietary polysaccharides 81:113 different dietary polysaccharides 81:113 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 12 22 from impact 2081:2086 arg1 changes 2129:2135 functional changes 2118:2135 functional changes in faecal microbiota 2118:2156 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 2 23 theme variety 333:339 arg1 supply 321:326 The supply 317:326 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres 317:357 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 7 24 theme total 1294:1298 arg1 generation 1305:1314 total heat generation 1294:1314 total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml 1294:1330 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 2 25 theme microbial 388:396 arg1 communities 398:408 gut microbial communities 384:408 gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host 384:460 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 1 26 theme polymerisation 287:300 arg1 degree 277:282 degree 277:282 degree of polymerisation and branching 277:314 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 1 26 theme polymerisation 287:300 arg1 compositions 263:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 7 27 theme heat 1300:1303 arg1 generation 1305:1314 total heat generation 1294:1314 total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml 1294:1330 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 5 28 theme growth 1132:1137 arg1 end 1125:1127 the end 1121:1127 the end of growth 1121:1137 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 11 29 theme colon 1962:1966 arg1 population 1978:1987 colon microbial population 1962:1987 colon microbial population 1962:1987 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 0 30 dep microcalorimetry 140:155 arg1 study 157:161 study 157:161 an isothermal microcalorimetry study 126:161 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 10 31 theme acid 1636:1639 arg1 formation 1613:1621 The formation 1609:1621 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, 1609:1671 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 8 32 theme final 1337:1341 arg1 patterns 1354:1361 The final metabolite patterns 1333:1361 The final metabolite patterns 1333:1361 The final metabolite patterns were in accordance with the microbiota changes. 29022389 11 33 theme faecal 1889:1894 arg1 samples 1896:1902 faecal samples 1889:1902 faecal samples 1889:1902 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 9 34 theme ovatus 1555:1560 arg1 decrease 1566:1573 decrease 1566:1573 decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis 1566:1605 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 9 34 theme ovatus 1555:1560 arg1 increase 1531:1538 increase 1531:1538 increase of Bacteroides ovatus 1531:1560 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 3 35 gly glycoprotein 672:683 arg1 glycoprotein 672:683 a glycoprotein mucin 670:689 a glycoprotein mucin 670:689 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 2 36 theme fibres 352:357 arg1 variety 333:339 a variety 331:339 a variety of dietary fibres 331:357 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 2 36 theme fibres 352:357 arg1 fibres 352:357 dietary fibres 344:357 dietary fibres 344:357 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 0 37 theme microbiota 41:50 arg1 metabolism 20:29 metabolism 20:29 metabolism 20:29 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 0 37 theme microbiota 41:50 arg1 composition 4:14 composition 4:14 composition 4:14 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 3 38 dep growth 698:703 arg1 the 694:696 the 694:696 the 694:696 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 12 39 theme functional 2118:2127 arg1 changes 2129:2135 functional changes 2118:2135 functional changes in faecal microbiota 2118:2156 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 10 40 theme colon 1655:1659 arg1 metabolite 1661:1670 an important colon metabolite 1642:1670 an important colon metabolite 1642:1670 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 10 40 theme colon 1655:1659 arg1 acid 1636:1639 propionic acid 1626:1639 propionic acid 1626:1639 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 1 41 theme various 247:253 arg1 degree 277:282 degree 277:282 degree of polymerisation and branching 277:314 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 1 41 theme various 247:253 arg1 compositions 263:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 5 42 theme microbiota 983:992 arg1 on-line 974:980 on-line 974:980 on-line 974:980 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 5 42 theme microbiota 983:992 arg1 composition 994:1004 microbiota composition 983:1004 microbiota composition 983:1004 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 1 43 with fibres 235:240 arg1 degree 277:282 degree 277:282 degree of polymerisation and branching 277:314 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 1 43 with fibres 235:240 arg1 compositions 263:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 3 44 theme mucin 685:689 arg1 impact 504:509 the impact 500:509 the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota 500:739 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 12 45 from changes 2129:2135 arg1 microbiota 2147:2156 faecal microbiota 2140:2156 faecal microbiota 2140:2156 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 3 46 from impact 504:509 arg1 metabolism 709:718 metabolism 709:718 metabolism 709:718 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 46 from impact 504:509 arg1 growth 698:703 growth 698:703 growth 698:703 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 47 theme polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 impact 504:509 the impact 500:509 the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota 500:739 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 48 theme oligo- 524:529 arg1 impact 504:509 the impact 500:509 the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota 500:739 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 1 49 theme colon 190:194 arg1 microbiota 196:205 colon microbiota 190:205 colon microbiota 190:205 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 12 50 theme dietary 2100:2106 arg1 fibres 2108:2113 specific dietary fibres 2091:2113 specific dietary fibres 2091:2113 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 3 51 theme microbiota 730:739 arg1 metabolism 709:718 metabolism 709:718 metabolism 709:718 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 51 theme microbiota 730:739 arg1 growth 698:703 growth 698:703 growth 698:703 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 4 52 theme Faecal 794:799 arg1 samples 801:807 Faecal samples 794:807 Faecal samples from healthy donors 794:827 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 8 53 theme microbiota 1391:1400 arg1 changes 1402:1408 the microbiota changes 1387:1408 the microbiota changes 1387:1408 The final metabolite patterns were in accordance with the microbiota changes. 29022389 9 54 theme bacterial 1484:1492 arg1 taxa 1494:1497 bacterial taxa 1484:1497 bacterial taxa 1484:1497 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 2 55 theme dietary 344:350 arg1 fibres 352:357 dietary fibres 344:357 dietary fibres 344:357 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 3 56 theme resistant 589:597 arg1 starch 599:604 resistant starch 589:604 resistant starch 589:604 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 4 57 theme defined 868:874 arg1 medium 876:881 a phosphate-buffered defined medium 847:881 a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate 847:935 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 11 58 theme Mucin 1780:1784 arg1 fermentation 1786:1797 Mucin fermentation 1780:1797 Mucin fermentation 1780:1797 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 levan 607:611 levan 607:611 levan 607:611 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 xylan 639:643 xylan 639:643 xylan 639:643 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 galacto- 552:559 galacto- 552:559 galacto- 552:559 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 pectin 646:651 pectin 646:651 pectin 646:651 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 fructooligosaccharides 565:586 fructooligosaccharides 565:586 fructooligosaccharides 565:586 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 inulin 614:619 inulin 614:619 inulin 614:619 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 arabinogalactan 622:636 arabinogalactan 622:636 arabinogalactan 622:636 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 chitin 657:662 chitin 657:662 chitin 657:662 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 59 dep polysaccharides 535:549 arg1 starch 599:604 resistant starch 589:604 resistant starch 589:604 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 6 60 theme power-time 1155:1164 arg1 curves 1166:1171 The multiauxic power-time curves 1140:1171 The multiauxic power-time curves obtained 1140:1180 The multiauxic power-time curves obtained were substrate-specific. 29022389 6 60 theme power-time 1155:1164 arg1 substrate-specific 1187:1204 substrate-specific 1187:1204 substrate-specific 1187:1204 The multiauxic power-time curves obtained were substrate-specific. 29022389 12 61 theme effective 2046:2054 arg1 IMC 1990:1992 IMC 1990:1992 IMC combined with analytical methods 1990:2025 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 12 61 theme effective 2046:2054 arg1 method 2056:2061 an effective method 2043:2061 an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota 2043:2156 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 3 62 theme study 479:483 arg1 aim 467:469 The aim 463:469 The aim of this study 463:483 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 5 63 theme rRNA 1031:1034 arg1 region 1013:1018 V3-V4 region 1007:1018 V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA 1007:1034 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 9 64 theme fibre-affected 1453:1466 arg1 distribution 1468:1479 the fibre-affected distribution 1449:1479 the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa 1449:1497 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 0 65 theme different 81:89 arg1 polysaccharides 99:113 different dietary polysaccharides 81:113 different dietary polysaccharides 81:113 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 9 66 theme taxa 1494:1497 arg1 distribution 1468:1479 the fibre-affected distribution 1449:1479 the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa 1449:1497 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 4 67 theme single 920:925 arg1 substrate 927:935 a single substrate 918:935 a single substrate 918:935 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 11 68 from production 1844:1853 arg1 ratios 1858:1863 ratios 1858:1863 ratios previously observed for faecal samples 1858:1902 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 10 69 theme important 1645:1653 arg1 metabolite 1661:1670 an important colon metabolite 1642:1670 an important colon metabolite 1642:1670 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 10 69 theme important 1645:1653 arg1 acid 1636:1639 propionic acid 1626:1639 propionic acid 1626:1639 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 4 70 from donors 822:827 arg1 samples 801:807 Faecal samples 794:807 Faecal samples from healthy donors 794:827 Faecal samples from healthy donors were incubated in a phosphate-buffered defined medium with or without supplementation of a single substrate. 29022389 9 71 theme clear 1506:1510 arg1 similarities 1512:1523 clear similarities 1506:1523 clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis) 1506:1606 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 2 72 theme communities 398:408 arg1 diversity 371:379 the diversity 367:379 the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host 367:460 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 7 73 theme faecal 1271:1276 arg1 microbiota 1278:1287 faecal microbiota 1271:1287 faecal microbiota 1271:1287 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 2 74 theme host 457:460 arg1 well-being 439:448 the well-being 435:448 the well-being of the host 435:460 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 2 75 theme gut 384:386 arg1 communities 398:408 gut microbial communities 384:408 gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host 384:460 The supply of a variety of dietary fibres assures the diversity of gut microbial communities considered important for the well-being of the host. 29022389 0 76 dep composition 4:14 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 5 77 theme heat 956:959 arg1 generation 942:951 The generation 938:951 The generation of heat 938:959 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 0 78 theme faecal 34:39 arg1 microbiota 41:50 faecal microbiota 34:50 faecal microbiota 34:50 The composition and metabolism of faecal microbiota is specifically modulated by different dietary polysaccharides and mucin: an isothermal microcalorimetry study. 29022389 12 79 theme faecal 2140:2145 arg1 microbiota 2147:2156 faecal microbiota 2140:2156 faecal microbiota 2140:2156 IMC combined with analytical methods was shown to be an effective method for screening the impact of specific dietary fibres on functional changes in faecal microbiota. 29022389 10 80 theme propionic 1626:1634 arg1 metabolite 1661:1670 an important colon metabolite 1642:1670 an important colon metabolite 1642:1670 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 10 80 theme propionic 1626:1634 arg1 acid 1636:1639 propionic acid 1626:1639 propionic acid 1626:1639 The formation of propionic acid, an important colon metabolite, was enhanced by arabinogalactan, xylan and mucin but not by galacto- and fructooligosaccharides or inulin. 29022389 5 81 theme V3-V4 1007:1011 arg1 region 1013:1018 V3-V4 region 1007:1018 V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA 1007:1034 The generation of heat was followed on-line, microbiota composition (V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA using Illumina MiSeq v2) and concentrations of metabolites (HPLC) were determined at the end of growth. 29022389 7 82 theme substrates 1228:1237 arg1 % 1219:1219 More than 70% 1207:1219 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin 1207:1251 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 7 82 theme substrates 1228:1237 arg1 substrates 1228:1237 all substrates 1224:1237 all substrates except chitin 1224:1251 More than 70% of all substrates except chitin were fermented by faecal microbiota with total heat generation of up to 8 J/ml. 29022389 8 83 theme metabolite 1343:1352 arg1 patterns 1354:1361 The final metabolite patterns 1333:1361 The final metabolite patterns 1333:1361 The final metabolite patterns were in accordance with the microbiota changes. 29022389 11 84 theme propionate 1820:1829 arg1 production 1844:1853 acetate, propionate and butyrate production 1811:1853 acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples 1811:1902 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 11 85 theme acetate 1811:1817 arg1 production 1844:1853 acetate, propionate and butyrate production 1811:1853 acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples 1811:1902 Mucin fermentation resulted in acetate, propionate and butyrate production in ratios previously observed for faecal samples, indicating that mucins may serve as major substrates for colon microbial population. 29022389 9 86 theme adolescentis 1594:1605 arg1 decrease 1566:1573 decrease 1566:1573 decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis 1566:1605 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 9 86 theme adolescentis 1594:1605 arg1 increase 1531:1538 increase 1531:1538 increase of Bacteroides ovatus 1531:1560 For arabinogalactan, xylan and levan, the fibre-affected distribution of bacterial taxa showed clear similarities (e.g. increase of Bacteroides ovatus and decrease of Bifidobacterium adolescentis). 29022389 3 87 theme glycoprotein 672:683 arg1 mucin 685:689 a glycoprotein mucin 670:689 a glycoprotein mucin 670:689 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 3 88 theme different 514:522 arg1 oligo- 524:529 different oligo- 514:529 different oligo- 514:529 The aim of this study was to compare the impact of different oligo- and polysaccharides (galacto- and fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, levan, inulin, arabinogalactan, xylan, pectin and chitin), and a glycoprotein mucin on the growth and metabolism of faecal microbiota in vitro by using isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). 29022389 1 89 theme monomer 255:261 arg1 degree 277:282 degree 277:282 degree of polymerisation and branching 277:314 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 29022389 1 89 theme monomer 255:261 arg1 compositions 263:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 various monomer compositions 247:274 The metabolic activity of colon microbiota is specifically affected by fibres with various monomer compositions, degree of polymerisation and branching. 28939610 7 0 theme -containing 1523:1533 arg1 loci 1535:1538 all poly(G)-containing loci 1512:1538 all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates 1512:1599 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 8 1 theme untargeted 1658:1667 arg1 NMR 1697:1699 NMR 1697:1699 NMR 1697:1699 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 8 1 theme untargeted 1658:1667 arg1 resonance 1686:1694 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance 1658:1694 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 10 2 theme chicken 2312:2318 arg1 meat 2320:2323 contaminated chicken meat 2299:2323 contaminated chicken meat 2299:2323 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 9 3 theme vaccine 1950:1956 arg1 response 1958:1965 the vaccine response 1946:1965 the vaccine response 1946:1965 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 8 4 theme magnetic 1677:1684 arg1 NMR 1697:1699 NMR 1697:1699 NMR 1697:1699 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 8 4 theme magnetic 1677:1684 arg1 resonance 1686:1694 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance 1658:1694 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 3 5 theme pathogen 617:624 arg1 entry 604:608 the entry 600:608 the entry of the pathogen into the food chain 600:644 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 13 6 theme gut 2754:2756 arg1 microbes 2758:2765 common gut microbes 2747:2765 common gut microbes 2747:2765 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 2 7 from colonization 399:410 arg1 chickens 446:453 specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens 415:453 specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens 415:453 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 7 8 theme altered 1470:1476 arg1 genes 1493:1497 altered phase-variable genes 1470:1497 altered phase-variable genes 1470:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 2 9 theme Escherichia 312:322 arg1 strain 329:334 an engineered Escherichia coli strain 298:334 an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan 298:379 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 1 10 theme poultry 205:211 arg1 source 228:233 the primary source 216:233 the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis 216:272 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 1 10 theme poultry 205:211 arg1 consumption 177:187 the consumption 173:187 the consumption of contaminated poultry 173:211 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 6 11 with coadministration 1161:1176 arg1 mobilis 1206:1212 A. mobilis 1203:1212 A. mobilis 1203:1212 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 6 11 with coadministration 1161:1176 arg1 reuteri 1231:1237 Lactobacillus reuteri 1217:1237 Lactobacillus reuteri 1217:1237 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 6 11 with coadministration 1161:1176 arg1 probiotic 1256:1264 probiotic 1256:1264 probiotic 1256:1264 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 10 12 theme jejuni 2370:2375 arg1 levels 2377:2382 C. jejuni levels 2367:2382 C. jejuni levels 2367:2382 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 8 13 theme C. 1781:1782 arg1 jejuni 1784:1789 C. jejuni 1781:1789 C. jejuni colonization levels 1781:1809 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 14 14 theme C. 2851:2852 arg1 jejuni 2854:2859 the C. jejuni 2847:2859 the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines 2847:2886 We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development. 28939610 7 15 theme supercolonizer 1442:1455 arg1 " 1463:1463 "supercolonizer mutant" 1441:1463 a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes 1429:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 8 16 theme colonization 1791:1802 arg1 levels 1804:1809 C. jejuni colonization levels 1781:1809 C. jejuni colonization levels 1781:1809 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 1 17 theme attribution 141:151 arg1 studies 153:159 Source attribution studies 134:159 Source attribution studies 134:159 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 7 18 theme jejuni 1434:1439 arg1 selection 1416:1424 the selection 1412:1424 the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes 1412:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 9 19 theme C. 2012:2013 arg1 vaccine 2022:2028 the C. jejuni vaccine 2008:2028 the C. jejuni vaccine 2008:2028 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 7 20 with " 1463:1463 arg1 genes 1493:1497 altered phase-variable genes 1470:1497 altered phase-variable genes 1470:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 6 21 theme increased 1279:1287 arg1 efficacy 1297:1304 increased vaccine efficacy 1279:1304 increased vaccine efficacy 1279:1304 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 11 22 theme C. 2446:2447 arg1 levels 2456:2461 C. jejuni levels 2446:2461 C. jejuni levels 2446:2461 We previously developed a vaccine that reduces C. jejuni levels in egg-laying chickens. 28939610 5 23 theme leghorn 964:970 arg1 responders 992:1001 leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 964:1001 leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 964:1001 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 7 24 theme selection 1638:1646 arg1 evidence 1614:1621 no evidence 1611:1621 no evidence of phase state selection 1611:1646 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 10 25 theme C. 2237:2238 arg1 infection 2247:2255 C. jejuni infection 2237:2255 C. jejuni infection 2237:2255 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 5 26 theme broiler 976:982 arg1 responders 992:1001 leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 964:1001 leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 964:1001 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 7 27 theme phase 1626:1630 arg1 selection 1638:1646 phase state selection 1626:1646 phase state selection 1626:1646 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 4 28 theme pathogen 748:755 arg1 reduction 762:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 8 29 theme microbial 1848:1856 arg1 diversity 1858:1866 increased microbial diversity 1838:1866 increased microbial diversity in this subgroup 1838:1883 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 5 30 theme Gut 937:939 arg1 analysis 952:959 Gut microbiota analysis 937:959 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 937:1001 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 9 31 theme vaccination 2054:2064 arg1 jejuni 2099:2104 any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2050:2104 any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2050:2104 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 0 32 theme Vaccine 93:99 arg1 Performance 101:111 Vaccine Performance 93:111 Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens 93:131 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 4 33 from response 914:921 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 13 34 theme common 2747:2752 arg1 microbes 2758:2765 common gut microbes 2747:2765 common gut microbes 2747:2765 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 9 35 theme jejuni 2099:2104 arg1 cause 2118:2122 a common cause 2109:2122 a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide 2109:2159 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 9 35 theme jejuni 2099:2104 arg1 pathogen 2227:2234 a high-priority pathogen 2211:2234 a high-priority pathogen 2211:2234 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 9 35 theme jejuni 2099:2104 arg1 efficacy 2038:2045 the efficacy 2034:2045 the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2034:2104 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 2 36 theme strain 329:334 arg1 administration 280:293 Oral administration 275:293 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan 275:379 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 4 37 from lack 815:818 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 38 theme C. 823:824 arg1 development 844:854 C. jejuni resistance development 823:854 C. jejuni resistance development 823:854 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 5 39 theme cluster 1042:1048 arg1 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 5 39 theme cluster 1042:1048 arg1 mobilis 1074:1080 Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis 1028:1080 mobilis 1074:1080 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 3 40 contain has 569:571 arg1 Optimization 509:520 Optimization 509:520 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens 509:567 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 3 40 contain has 569:571 arg2 potential 579:587 great potential 573:587 great potential 573:587 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 10 41 theme many 2329:2332 arg1 efforts 2334:2340 many efforts 2329:2340 many efforts 2329:2340 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 4 42 theme IgY 797:799 arg1 response 801:808 the host IgY response 788:808 the host IgY response 788:808 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 5 43 theme responders 992:1001 arg1 analysis 952:959 Gut microbiota analysis 937:959 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 937:1001 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 14 44 theme vaccine 2796:2802 arg1 optimization 2804:2815 vaccine optimization 2796:2815 vaccine optimization 2796:2815 We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development. 28939610 9 45 theme human 2127:2131 arg1 worldwide 2151:2159 human diarrheal disease worldwide 2127:2159 human diarrheal disease worldwide 2127:2159 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 12 46 from performance 2522:2532 arg1 birds 2542:2546 meat birds 2537:2546 meat birds 2537:2546 In this study, we improved vaccine performance in meat birds by supplementing the vaccine with probiotics. 28939610 11 47 theme egg-laying 2466:2475 arg1 chickens 2477:2484 egg-laying chickens 2466:2484 egg-laying chickens 2466:2484 We previously developed a vaccine that reduces C. jejuni levels in egg-laying chickens. 28939610 9 48 theme disease 2143:2149 arg1 worldwide 2151:2159 human diarrheal disease worldwide 2127:2159 human diarrheal disease worldwide 2127:2159 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 2 49 theme birds 479:483 arg1 fraction 467:474 only a fraction 460:474 only a fraction of birds 460:483 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 0 50 theme jejuni 38:43 arg1 Vaccine 60:66 the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine 20:66 the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine 20:66 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 13 51 theme C. 2628:2629 arg1 levels 2651:2656 C. jejuni colonization levels 2628:2656 C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens 2628:2668 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 7 52 theme strain 1553:1558 arg1 loci 1535:1538 all poly(G)-containing loci 1512:1538 all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates 1512:1599 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 9 53 theme comprehensive 1890:1902 arg1 methods 1904:1910 The comprehensive methods 1886:1910 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response 1886:1965 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 4 54 theme gut 881:883 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 0 55 theme Vaccine 60:66 arg1 Coadministration 0:15 Coadministration 0:15 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics 0:82 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 6 56 theme vaccine 1190:1196 arg1 coadministration 1161:1176 coadministration 1161:1176 coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, 1161:1265 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 12 57 theme meat 2537:2540 arg1 birds 2542:2546 meat birds 2537:2546 meat birds 2537:2546 In this study, we improved vaccine performance in meat birds by supplementing the vaccine with probiotics. 28939610 4 58 theme resistance 833:842 arg1 development 844:854 C. jejuni resistance development 823:854 C. jejuni resistance development 823:854 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 0 59 with Coadministration 0:15 arg1 Probiotics 73:82 Probiotics 73:82 Probiotics 73:82 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 2 60 theme bacterial 389:397 arg1 colonization 399:410 bacterial colonization 389:410 bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens 389:453 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 8 61 theme resonance 1686:1694 arg1 metabolomics 1708:1719 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 1 62 theme human 249:253 arg1 campylobacteriosis 255:272 human campylobacteriosis 249:272 human campylobacteriosis 249:272 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 13 63 theme microbes 2758:2765 arg1 microbes 2758:2765 common gut microbes 2747:2765 common gut microbes 2747:2765 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 13 63 theme microbes 2758:2765 arg1 clostridia 2718:2727 clostridia 2718:2727 clostridia 2718:2727 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 13 63 theme microbes 2758:2765 arg1 group 2738:2742 another group 2730:2742 another group of common gut microbes 2730:2765 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 11 64 theme jejuni 2449:2454 arg1 levels 2456:2461 C. jejuni levels 2446:2461 C. jejuni levels 2446:2461 We previously developed a vaccine that reduces C. jejuni levels in egg-laying chickens. 28939610 5 65 theme mobilis 1074:1080 arg1 member 1018:1023 one member 1014:1023 one member 1014:1023 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 4 66 theme same 667:670 arg1 approach 684:691 the same vaccination approach 663:691 the same vaccination approach 663:691 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 9 67 theme Health 2188:2193 arg1 Organization 2195:2206 the World Health Organization 2178:2206 the World Health Organization 2178:2206 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 2 68 theme leghorn 438:444 arg1 chickens 446:453 specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens 415:453 specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens 415:453 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 8 69 theme -based 1701:1706 arg1 metabolomics 1708:1719 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 4 70 theme bimodal 906:912 arg1 response 914:921 the bimodal response 902:921 the bimodal response to treatment 902:934 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 6 71 theme weight 1331:1336 arg1 gain 1338:1341 weight gain 1331:1341 weight gain 1331:1341 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 9 72 theme response 1958:1965 arg1 bimodality 1932:1941 the bimodality 1928:1941 the bimodality of the vaccine response 1928:1965 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 8 73 theme nuclear 1669:1675 arg1 NMR 1697:1699 NMR 1697:1699 NMR 1697:1699 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 8 73 theme nuclear 1669:1675 arg1 resonance 1686:1694 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance 1658:1694 untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics 1658:1719 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 9 74 theme high-priority 2213:2225 arg1 pathogen 2227:2234 a high-priority pathogen 2211:2234 a high-priority pathogen 2211:2234 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 9 74 theme high-priority 2213:2225 arg1 efficacy 2038:2045 the efficacy 2034:2045 the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2034:2104 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 8 75 theme potential 1734:1742 arg1 biomarker 1744:1752 a potential biomarker 1732:1752 a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup 1732:1883 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 1 76 theme contaminated 192:203 arg1 poultry 205:211 contaminated poultry 192:211 contaminated poultry 192:211 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 13 77 theme colonization 2638:2649 arg1 levels 2651:2656 C. jejuni colonization levels 2628:2656 C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens 2628:2668 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 13 78 from levels 2651:2656 arg1 chickens 2661:2668 chickens 2661:2668 chickens 2661:2668 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 7 79 theme phase-variable 1478:1491 arg1 genes 1493:1497 altered phase-variable genes 1470:1497 altered phase-variable genes 1470:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 9 80 theme several 1975:1981 arg1 opportunities 1983:1995 several opportunities 1975:1995 several opportunities 1975:1995 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 14 81 theme other 2873:2877 arg1 vaccines 2879:2886 other vaccines 2873:2886 other vaccines 2873:2886 We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development. 28939610 5 82 from abundant 1111:1118 arg1 birds 1133:1137 responder birds 1123:1137 responder birds 1123:1137 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 6 83 theme antibody 1307:1314 arg1 responses 1316:1324 antibody responses 1307:1324 antibody responses 1307:1324 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 3 84 theme food 635:638 arg1 chain 640:644 the food chain 631:644 the food chain 631:644 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 7 85 dep jejuni 1434:1439 arg1 " 1463:1463 "supercolonizer mutant" 1441:1463 a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes 1429:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 10 86 theme C. 2367:2368 arg1 levels 2377:2382 C. jejuni levels 2367:2382 C. jejuni levels 2367:2382 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 4 87 theme similar 726:732 arg1 efficacies 734:743 similar efficacies 726:743 similar efficacies 726:743 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 2 88 theme Campylobacter 351:363 arg1 jejuni 365:370 the Campylobacter jejuni 347:370 the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan 347:379 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 2 88 theme Campylobacter 351:363 arg1 N-glycan 372:379 N-glycan 372:379 N-glycan 372:379 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 10 89 theme meat 2320:2323 arg1 ingestion 2286:2294 the ingestion 2282:2294 the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat 2282:2323 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 1 90 theme primary 220:226 arg1 source 228:233 the primary source 216:233 the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis 216:272 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 1 90 theme primary 220:226 arg1 consumption 177:187 the consumption 173:187 the consumption of contaminated poultry 173:211 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 0 91 from Performance 101:111 arg1 Chickens 124:131 Broiler Chickens 116:131 Broiler Chickens 116:131 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 6 92 theme A. 1203:1204 arg1 mobilis 1206:1212 A. mobilis 1203:1212 A. mobilis 1203:1212 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 6 92 theme A. 1203:1204 arg1 probiotic 1256:1264 probiotic 1256:1264 probiotic 1256:1264 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 2 93 theme Oral 275:278 arg1 administration 280:293 Oral administration 275:293 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan 275:379 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 8 94 theme jejuni 1784:1789 arg1 levels 1804:1809 C. jejuni colonization levels 1781:1809 C. jejuni colonization levels 1781:1809 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 6 95 theme vaccine 1289:1295 arg1 efficacy 1297:1304 increased vaccine efficacy 1279:1304 increased vaccine efficacy 1279:1304 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 9 96 theme jejuni 2015:2020 arg1 vaccine 2022:2028 the C. jejuni vaccine 2008:2028 the C. jejuni vaccine 2008:2028 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 4 97 theme broiler 696:702 arg1 chickens 704:711 broiler chickens 696:711 broiler chickens 696:711 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 1 98 theme Source 134:139 arg1 studies 153:159 Source attribution studies 134:159 Source attribution studies 134:159 Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. 28939610 7 99 theme state 1632:1636 arg1 selection 1638:1646 phase state selection 1626:1646 phase state selection 1626:1646 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 7 100 theme C. 1431:1432 arg1 jejuni 1434:1439 a C. jejuni 1429:1439 a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes 1429:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 10 101 theme jejuni 2240:2245 arg1 infection 2247:2255 C. jejuni infection 2237:2255 C. jejuni infection 2237:2255 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 14 102 dep jejuni 2854:2859 arg1 vaccine 2861:2867 vaccine 2861:2867 vaccine 2861:2867 We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development. 28939610 14 102 dep jejuni 2854:2859 arg1 vaccines 2879:2886 other vaccines 2873:2886 other vaccines 2873:2886 We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development. 28939610 2 103 theme engineered 301:310 arg1 strain 329:334 an engineered Escherichia coli strain 298:334 an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan 298:379 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 4 104 from uniformity 857:866 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 8 105 from diversity 1858:1866 arg1 subgroup 1876:1883 this subgroup 1871:1883 this subgroup 1871:1883 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 3 106 theme broiler 552:558 arg1 chickens 560:567 commercial broiler chickens 541:567 commercial broiler chickens 541:567 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 5 107 theme responder 1123:1131 arg1 birds 1133:1137 responder birds 1123:1137 responder birds 1123:1137 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 2 108 dep Escherichia 312:322 arg1 coli 324:327 coli 324:327 coli 324:327 Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. 28939610 13 109 theme clostridia 2718:2727 arg1 abundance 2705:2713 the abundance 2701:2713 the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes 2701:2765 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 8 110 theme increased 1838:1846 arg1 diversity 1858:1866 increased microbial diversity 1838:1866 increased microbial diversity in this subgroup 1838:1883 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 5 111 theme microbiota 941:950 arg1 analysis 952:959 Gut microbiota analysis 937:959 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 937:1001 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 9 112 theme strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter 2066:2097 arg1 jejuni 2099:2104 any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2050:2104 any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2050:2104 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 4 113 theme load 757:760 arg1 reduction 762:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 0 114 theme Broiler 116:122 arg1 Chickens 124:131 Broiler Chickens 116:131 Broiler Chickens 116:131 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 7 115 theme mutant 1457:1462 arg1 " 1463:1463 "supercolonizer mutant" 1441:1463 a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes 1429:1497 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 7 116 theme colony 1585:1590 arg1 isolates 1592:1599 nonresponder colony isolates 1572:1599 nonresponder colony isolates 1572:1599 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 10 117 theme contaminated 2299:2310 arg1 meat 2320:2323 contaminated chicken meat 2299:2323 contaminated chicken meat 2299:2323 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 5 118 from birds 1133:1137 arg1 abundant 1111:1118 abundant 1111:1118 abundant 1111:1118 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 5 119 theme Clostridiales 1028:1040 arg1 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 5 119 theme Clostridiales 1028:1040 arg1 mobilis 1074:1080 Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis 1028:1080 mobilis 1074:1080 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 10 120 dep occurs 2267:2272 arg1 so 2326:2327 so 2326:2327 so 2326:2327 C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. 28939610 6 121 theme broiler 1143:1149 arg1 chickens 1151:1158 broiler chickens 1143:1158 broiler chickens 1143:1158 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 9 122 theme common 2111:2116 arg1 cause 2118:2122 a common cause 2109:2122 a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide 2109:2159 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 9 122 theme common 2111:2116 arg1 efficacy 2038:2045 the efficacy 2034:2045 the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2034:2104 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 5 123 theme vaccine 984:990 arg1 responders 992:1001 leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 964:1001 leghorn and broiler vaccine responders 964:1001 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 7 124 theme responder-nonresponder 1371:1392 arg1 effect 1394:1399 the responder-nonresponder effect 1367:1399 the responder-nonresponder effect 1367:1399 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 7 124 theme responder-nonresponder 1371:1392 arg1 due 1405:1407 due 1405:1407 due 1405:1407 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 4 125 theme host 792:795 arg1 response 801:808 the host IgY response 788:808 the host IgY response 788:808 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 0 126 theme Campylobacter 24:36 arg1 jejuni 38:43 Campylobacter jejuni 24:43 the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine 20:66 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 12 127 theme vaccine 2514:2520 arg1 performance 2522:2532 vaccine performance 2514:2532 vaccine performance in meat birds 2514:2546 In this study, we improved vaccine performance in meat birds by supplementing the vaccine with probiotics. 28939610 9 128 theme diarrheal 2133:2141 arg1 worldwide 2151:2159 human diarrheal disease worldwide 2127:2159 human diarrheal disease worldwide 2127:2159 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 4 129 theme response 801:808 arg1 response 914:921 the bimodal response 902:921 the bimodal response to treatment 902:934 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 129 theme response 801:808 arg1 reduction 762:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 129 theme response 801:808 arg1 uniformity 857:866 uniformity 857:866 uniformity in microbial gut composition 857:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 129 theme response 801:808 arg1 stimulation 773:783 stimulation 773:783 stimulation of the host IgY response 773:808 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 129 theme response 801:808 arg1 lack 815:818 the lack 811:818 the lack of C. jejuni resistance development 811:854 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 3 130 theme commercial 541:550 arg1 chickens 560:567 commercial broiler chickens 541:567 commercial broiler chickens 541:567 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 0 131 theme N-Glycan-Based 45:58 arg1 Vaccine 60:66 the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine 20:66 the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine 20:66 Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. 28939610 7 132 theme nonresponder 1572:1583 arg1 isolates 1592:1599 nonresponder colony isolates 1572:1599 nonresponder colony isolates 1572:1599 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 14 133 theme new 2780:2782 arg1 methods 2784:2790 new methods 2780:2790 new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development 2780:2904 We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development. 28939610 8 134 attach linked 1828:1833 arg1 diversity 1858:1866 increased microbial diversity 1838:1866 increased microbial diversity in this subgroup 1838:1883 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 8 134 attach linked 1828:1833 arg2 biomarker 1744:1752 a potential biomarker 1732:1752 a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup 1732:1883 However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. 28939610 9 135 theme worldwide 2151:2159 arg1 cause 2118:2122 a common cause 2109:2122 a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide 2109:2159 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 9 135 theme worldwide 2151:2159 arg1 efficacy 2038:2045 the efficacy 2034:2045 the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni 2034:2104 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 3 136 theme vaccine 529:535 arg1 Optimization 509:520 Optimization 509:520 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens 509:567 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 13 137 theme jejuni 2631:2636 arg1 levels 2651:2656 C. jejuni colonization levels 2628:2656 C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens 2628:2668 In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. 28939610 4 138 theme microbial 871:879 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 3 139 theme great 573:577 arg1 potential 579:587 great potential 573:587 great potential 573:587 Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. 28939610 7 140 theme input 1547:1551 arg1 strain 1553:1558 the input strain 1543:1558 the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates 1543:1599 To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. 28939610 5 141 theme XIVa 1050:1053 arg1 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Anaerosporobacter 1056:1072 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 5 141 theme XIVa 1050:1053 arg1 mobilis 1074:1080 Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis 1028:1080 mobilis 1074:1080 Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. 28939610 6 142 theme live 1185:1188 arg1 vaccine 1190:1196 the live vaccine 1181:1196 the live vaccine 1181:1196 In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. 28939610 4 143 theme jejuni 826:831 arg1 development 844:854 C. jejuni resistance development 823:854 C. jejuni resistance development 823:854 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 144 from stimulation 773:783 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 145 theme vaccination 672:682 arg1 approach 684:691 the same vaccination approach 663:691 the same vaccination approach 663:691 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 9 146 theme World 2182:2186 arg1 Organization 2195:2206 the World Health Organization 2178:2206 the World Health Organization 2178:2206 The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCECampylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. 28939610 4 147 theme development 844:854 arg1 response 914:921 the bimodal response 902:921 the bimodal response to treatment 902:934 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 147 theme development 844:854 arg1 reduction 762:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 pathogen load reduction 748:770 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 147 theme development 844:854 arg1 uniformity 857:866 uniformity 857:866 uniformity in microbial gut composition 857:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 147 theme development 844:854 arg1 stimulation 773:783 stimulation 773:783 stimulation of the host IgY response 773:808 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 147 theme development 844:854 arg1 lack 815:818 the lack 811:818 the lack of C. jejuni resistance development 811:854 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28939610 4 148 from reduction 762:770 arg1 composition 885:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 microbial gut composition 871:895 Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. 28120311 5 0 theme amino-acid 722:731 arg1 sequence 733:740 The amino-acid sequence 718:740 The amino-acid sequence of GFA 718:747 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 1 1 theme endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 167:188 arg1 gene 196:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 4 2 dep allowed 595:601 arg1 Investigating 530:542 Investigating 530:542 Investigating the products of polysaccharides 530:574 Investigating the products of polysaccharides digestion with GFA allowed to establish it's substrate specificity and classify this enzyme as glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39). 28120311 6 3 dep weight 942:947 arg1 61 kDa 949:954 61 kDa 949:954 molecular weight 61 kDa 932:954 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 9 4 theme F. 1184:1185 arg1 algae 1187:1191 F. algae 1184:1191 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae 1149:1191 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 11 5 used used 1419:1422 arg2 enzyme 1405:1410 The enzyme 1401:1410 The enzyme 1401:1410 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 11 6 theme enzymatic 1516:1524 arg1 synthesis 1526:1534 enzymatic synthesis 1516:1534 enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1516:1575 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 0 7 theme enzyme 91:96 arg1 characteristics 98:112 enzyme characteristics 91:112 enzyme characteristics 91:112 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 6 8 theme molecular 932:940 arg1 weight 942:947 molecular weight 932:947 molecular weight 61 kDa 932:954 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 2 9 from endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 306:327 arg1 Formosa 346:352 Formosa 346:352 Formosa 346:352 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 11 10 theme β-1,3-glucans 1454:1466 arg1 determination 1437:1449 structure determination 1427:1449 structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) 1427:1510 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 11 10 theme β-1,3-glucans 1454:1466 arg1 synthesis 1526:1534 enzymatic synthesis 1516:1534 enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1516:1575 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 2 11 with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 400:421 arg1 activity 457:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 2 12 dep Formosa 346:352 arg1 genus 354:358 Formosa genus 346:358 Formosa genus 346:358 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 11 13 theme carbohydrate-containing 1543:1565 arg1 compounds 1567:1575 new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1539:1575 new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1539:1575 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 0 14 dep characteristics 98:112 arg1 analysis 146:153 analysis 146:153 analysis 146:153 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 10 15 theme substrate 1311:1319 arg1 molecule 1321:1328 substrate molecule 1311:1328 substrate molecule 1311:1328 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 2 16 with endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 306:327 arg1 activity 457:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 11 17 theme structure 1427:1435 arg1 determination 1437:1449 structure determination 1427:1449 structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) 1427:1510 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 10 18 theme part 1303:1306 arg1 transfer 1282:1289 transfer 1282:1289 transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 1282:1398 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 11 19 theme compounds 1567:1575 arg1 determination 1437:1449 structure determination 1427:1449 structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) 1427:1510 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 11 19 theme compounds 1567:1575 arg1 synthesis 1526:1534 enzymatic synthesis 1516:1534 enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1516:1575 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 10 20 from transfer 1282:1289 arg1 glycerol 1360:1367 glycerol 1360:1367 glycerol 1360:1367 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 10 20 from transfer 1282:1289 arg1 methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside 1333:1357 methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside 1333:1357 methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside 1333:1357 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 10 20 from transfer 1282:1289 arg1 methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 1373:1398 methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 1373:1398 methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 1373:1398 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 5 21 theme glycoside 894:902 arg1 hydrolases 904:913 glycoside hydrolases GH16 894:918 glycoside hydrolases GH16 894:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 1 22 theme GFA 191:193 arg1 gene 196:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 4 23 theme substrate 621:629 arg1 specificity 631:641 it's substrate specificity 616:641 it's substrate specificity 616:641 Investigating the products of polysaccharides digestion with GFA allowed to establish it's substrate specificity and classify this enzyme as glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39). 28120311 2 24 theme EC 383:384 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 400:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 364:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity 364:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 0 25 theme new 2:4 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 18:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 0:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae 0:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 9 26 theme rare 1203:1206 arg1 enzymes 1208:1214 rare enzymes 1203:1214 rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation 1203:1266 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 2 27 theme bacterial 373:381 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 400:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 364:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity 364:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 5 28 theme bacteria 837:844 arg1 β-1,3-glucanases 817:832 β-1,3-glucanases 817:832 β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 817:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 9 29 theme enzymes 1208:1214 arg1 one 1196:1198 one 1196:1198 one 1196:1198 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 9 29 theme enzymes 1208:1214 arg1 enzymes 1208:1214 rare enzymes 1203:1214 rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation 1203:1266 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 0 30 dep KMM 81:83 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 18:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 0:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae 0:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 0 30 dep KMM 81:83 arg1 characteristics 98:112 enzyme characteristics 91:112 enzyme characteristics 91:112 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 0 30 dep KMM 81:83 arg1 products 137:144 transglycosylation products 118:144 transglycosylation products 118:144 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 11 31 theme mixed 1472:1476 arg1 1,3 1478:1480 mixed 1,3 1472:1480 mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans 1472:1509 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 5 32 theme hydrolases 904:913 arg1 family 884:889 the CAZy 16th structural family 859:889 the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 859:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 5 33 theme 16th 868:871 arg1 family 884:889 the CAZy 16th structural family 859:889 the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 859:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 10 34 theme glyconic 1294:1301 arg1 part 1303:1306 glyconic part 1294:1306 glyconic part of substrate molecule 1294:1328 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 9 35 theme capable 1216:1222 arg1 enzymes 1208:1214 rare enzymes 1203:1214 rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation 1203:1266 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 2 36 theme characterized 292:304 arg1 EC 330:331 EC 3.2.1.39 330:340 EC 3.2.1.39 330:340 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 2 36 theme characterized 292:304 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 306:327 the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 283:327 the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus 283:358 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 2 36 theme characterized 292:304 arg1 this 275:278 this 275:278 this 275:278 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 10 37 theme molecule 1321:1328 arg1 part 1303:1306 glyconic part 1294:1306 glyconic part of substrate molecule 1294:1328 It catalyzed transfer of glyconic part of substrate molecule on methyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, glycerol and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. 28120311 2 38 theme described 428:436 arg1 activity 457:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 0 39 theme recombinant 6:16 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 18:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 0:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae 0:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 11 40 theme new 1539:1541 arg1 compounds 1567:1575 new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1539:1575 new carbohydrate-containing compounds 1539:1575 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 0 41 theme transglycosylation 118:135 arg1 products 137:144 transglycosylation products 118:144 transglycosylation products 118:144 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 9 42 dep glucanase 1153:1161 arg1 algae 1187:1191 F. algae 1184:1191 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae 1149:1191 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 5 43 theme CAZy 863:866 arg1 family 884:889 the CAZy 16th structural family 859:889 the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 859:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 3 44 theme homogeneous 511:521 arg1 state 523:527 homogeneous state 511:527 homogeneous state 511:527 It was expressed in E. coli and isolated in homogeneous state. 28120311 6 45 theme activity 987:994 arg1 maximum 966:972 maximum 966:972 maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5 966:1011 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 5 46 theme GFA 745:747 arg1 sequence 733:740 The amino-acid sequence 718:740 The amino-acid sequence of GFA 718:747 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 1 47 dep algae 249:253 arg1 3553 259:262 3553 259:262 3553 259:262 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 11 48 dep 1,3 1478:1480 arg1 1,4- 1482:1485 1,4- 1482:1485 1,4- 1482:1485 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 11 48 dep 1,3 1478:1480 arg1 1,6-β-D-glucans 1495:1509 1,6-β-D-glucans 1495:1509 mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans 1472:1509 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 11 48 dep 1,3 1478:1480 arg1 1,3 1491:1493 1,3 1491:1493 1,3 1491:1493 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 4 49 theme glucan 671:676 arg1 EC 704:705 EC 3.2.1.39 704:714 EC 3.2.1.39 704:714 Investigating the products of polysaccharides digestion with GFA allowed to establish it's substrate specificity and classify this enzyme as glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39). 28120311 4 49 theme glucan 671:676 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase 678:701 glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase 671:701 glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39) 671:715 Investigating the products of polysaccharides digestion with GFA allowed to establish it's substrate specificity and classify this enzyme as glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39). 28120311 2 50 theme 3.2.1.39 386:393 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 400:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 364:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity 364:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 6 51 theme catalytic 977:985 arg1 activity 987:994 catalytic activity 977:994 catalytic activity 977:994 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 5 52 theme % 812:812 arg1 similarity 793:802 sequence similarity 784:802 sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 784:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 0 53 from algae 75:79 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 18:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 0:39 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae 0:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 6 54 dep has 928:930 arg1 exhibits 957:964 exhibits 957:964 exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5 957:1011 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 6 55 from 45 °C 999:1003 arg1 maximum 966:972 maximum 966:972 maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5 966:1011 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 2 56 theme GH16 395:398 arg1 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 400:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 364:421 the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity 364:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 0 57 theme bacterium 57:65 arg1 algae 75:79 the marine bacterium Formosa algae 46:79 the marine bacterium Formosa algae 46:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 5 58 theme sequence 784:791 arg1 similarity 793:802 sequence similarity 784:802 sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 784:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 0 59 theme marine 50:55 arg1 algae 75:79 the marine bacterium Formosa algae 46:79 the marine bacterium Formosa algae 46:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 4 60 theme polysaccharides 560:574 arg1 products 548:555 the products 544:555 the products of polysaccharides 544:574 Investigating the products of polysaccharides digestion with GFA allowed to establish it's substrate specificity and classify this enzyme as glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39). 28120311 7 61 theme complete 1051:1058 arg1 inactivation 1060:1071 complete inactivation 1051:1071 complete inactivation 1051:1071 Half-life period at 45 °С is 20 min, complete inactivation happens at 55 °C within 10 min. 28120311 9 62 theme transglycosylation 1249:1266 arg1 reactions 1236:1244 reactions 1236:1244 reactions of transglycosylation 1236:1266 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 8 63 theme laminarin 1126:1134 arg1 hydrolysis 1112:1121 hydrolysis 1112:1121 hydrolysis of laminarin 1112:1134 Km for hydrolysis of laminarin is 0.388 mM. 28120311 1 64 located found 205:209 arg1 genome 214:219 genome 214:219 genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 214:262 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 1 64 located found 205:209 arg2 gene 196:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 9 65 theme GFA 1149:1151 arg1 glucanase 1153:1161 GFA glucanase 1149:1161 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae 1149:1191 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 11 66 dep β-1,3-glucans 1454:1466 arg1 1,3 1478:1480 mixed 1,3 1472:1480 mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans 1472:1509 The enzyme can be used in structure determination of β-1,3-glucans (or mixed 1,3;1,4- and 1,3;1,6-β-D-glucans) and enzymatic synthesis of new carbohydrate-containing compounds. 28120311 1 67 theme marine 224:229 arg1 algae 249:253 marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 224:262 marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 224:262 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 4 68 with digestion 576:584 arg1 GFA 591:593 GFA 591:593 GFA 591:593 Investigating the products of polysaccharides digestion with GFA allowed to establish it's substrate specificity and classify this enzyme as glucan endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39). 28120311 2 69 from endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase 400:421 arg1 Formosa 346:352 Formosa 346:352 Formosa 346:352 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 1 70 theme bacterium 231:239 arg1 algae 249:253 marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 224:262 marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 224:262 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 5 71 theme structural 873:882 arg1 family 884:889 the CAZy 16th structural family 859:889 the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16 859:918 The amino-acid sequence of GFA consists of 556 residues and shows sequence similarity of 45-85% to β-1,3-glucanases of bacteria belonging to the CAZy 16th structural family of glycoside hydrolases GH16. 28120311 6 72 contain has 928:930 arg1 Enzyme 921:926 Enzyme 921:926 Enzyme 921:926 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 6 72 contain has 928:930 arg2 weight 942:947 molecular weight 932:947 molecular weight 61 kDa 932:954 Enzyme has molecular weight 61 kDa, exhibits maximum of catalytic activity at 45 °C, pH 5.5. 28120311 7 73 theme Half-life 1014:1022 arg1 period 1024:1029 Half-life period 1014:1029 Half-life period at 45 °С 1014:1038 Half-life period at 45 °С is 20 min, complete inactivation happens at 55 °C within 10 min. 28120311 9 74 from bacteria 1175:1182 arg1 glucanase 1153:1161 GFA glucanase 1149:1161 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae 1149:1191 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 1 75 theme Formosa 241:247 arg1 algae 249:253 marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 224:262 marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 224:262 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 0 76 theme Formosa 67:73 arg1 algae 75:79 the marine bacterium Formosa algae 46:79 the marine bacterium Formosa algae 46:79 A new recombinant endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase from the marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553: enzyme characteristics and transglycosylation products analysis. 28120311 7 77 from °С 1037:1038 arg1 period 1024:1029 Half-life period 1014:1029 Half-life period at 45 °С 1014:1038 Half-life period at 45 °С is 20 min, complete inactivation happens at 55 °C within 10 min. 28120311 2 78 theme transglycosylation 438:455 arg1 activity 457:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 described transglycosylation activity 428:464 For today this is the only characterized endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) in Formosa genus and the only bacterial EC 3.2.1.39 GH16 endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase with described transglycosylation activity. 28120311 9 79 theme marine 1168:1173 arg1 bacteria 1175:1182 marine bacteria 1168:1182 marine bacteria 1168:1182 GFA glucanase from marine bacteria F. algae is one of rare enzymes capable to catalyze reactions of transglycosylation. 28120311 1 80 theme specific 158:165 arg1 gene 196:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene 156:199 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28120311 1 81 theme algae 249:253 arg1 genome 214:219 genome 214:219 genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553 214:262 A specific endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase (GFA) gene was found in genome of marine bacterium Formosa algae KMM 3553. 28605342 6 0 theme component 773:781 arg1 analysis 783:790 Principal component analysis 763:790 Principal component analysis 763:790 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 6 1 theme nutritional 923:933 arg1 compounds 935:943 nutritional compounds 923:943 nutritional compounds 923:943 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 3 2 theme lights 467:472 arg1 efficiency 446:455 The biological efficiency 431:455 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights 431:472 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights was the highest, at 92%. 28605342 3 2 theme lights 467:472 arg1 highest 482:488 highest 482:488 highest 482:488 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights was the highest, at 92%. 28605342 6 3 theme lighting 850:857 arg1 conditions 859:868 the 3 different lighting conditions 834:868 the 3 different lighting conditions 834:868 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 6 4 theme Principal 763:771 arg1 analysis 783:790 Principal component analysis 763:790 Principal component analysis 763:790 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 1 5 from velutipes 284:292 arg1 cultivation 217:227 the cultivation 213:227 the cultivation 213:227 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 5 from velutipes 284:292 arg1 amounts 237:243 the amounts 233:243 the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 233:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 5 from velutipes 284:292 arg1 components 259:268 bio-active components 248:268 bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 248:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 4 6 theme fiber 528:532 arg1 content 534:540 crude fiber content 522:540 crude fiber content 522:540 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 2 7 dep tube 343:346 arg1 grow 353:356 grow 353:356 grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 353:428 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 4 8 theme crude 522:526 arg1 content 534:540 crude fiber content 522:540 crude fiber content 522:540 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 6 9 theme fatty 960:964 arg1 acids 966:970 principal fatty acids 950:970 principal fatty acids 950:970 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 2 10 theme lightemitting 366:378 arg1 LEDs 388:391 LEDs 388:391 LEDs 388:391 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 2 10 theme lightemitting 366:378 arg1 diodes 380:385 lightemitting diodes 366:385 lightemitting diodes (LEDs) 366:392 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 6 11 theme different 840:848 arg1 conditions 859:868 the 3 different lighting conditions 834:868 the 3 different lighting conditions 834:868 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 0 12 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 Differences 14:24 Compositional Differences 0:24 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 0:145 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 1 13 theme study 165:169 arg1 focus 151:155 The focus 147:155 The focus of this study 147:169 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 2 14 theme fluorescent 412:422 arg1 lamps 424:428 cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 399:428 cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 399:428 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 4 15 theme crude 503:507 arg1 highest 595:601 highest 595:601 highest 595:601 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 4 15 theme crude 503:507 arg1 content 513:519 The crude fat content 499:519 The crude fat content 499:519 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 2 16 theme cold-cathode 399:410 arg1 lamps 424:428 cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 399:428 cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 399:428 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 1 17 theme bio-active 248:257 arg1 components 259:268 bio-active components 248:268 bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 248:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 18 from components 259:268 arg1 velutipes 284:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 19 theme components 259:268 arg1 cultivation 217:227 the cultivation 213:227 the cultivation 213:227 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 19 theme components 259:268 arg1 amounts 237:243 the amounts 233:243 the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 233:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 19 theme components 259:268 arg1 components 259:268 bio-active components 248:268 bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 248:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 20 from amounts 237:243 arg1 velutipes 284:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 5 21 theme vitamin 699:705 arg1 D2 707:708 vitamin D2 699:708 vitamin D2 (1.9 μg/g) 699:719 Moreover, vitamin D2 (1.9 μg/g) was generated only under light from LEDs. 28605342 5 21 theme vitamin 699:705 arg1 μg/g 715:718 1.9 μg/g 711:718 1.9 μg/g 711:718 Moreover, vitamin D2 (1.9 μg/g) was generated only under light from LEDs. 28605342 4 22 theme fat 509:511 arg1 highest 595:601 highest 595:601 highest 595:601 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 4 22 theme fat 509:511 arg1 content 513:519 The crude fat content 499:519 The crude fat content 499:519 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 3 23 theme biological 435:444 arg1 efficiency 446:455 The biological efficiency 431:455 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights 431:472 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights was the highest, at 92%. 28605342 3 23 theme biological 435:444 arg1 highest 482:488 highest 482:488 highest 482:488 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights was the highest, at 92%. 28605342 0 24 theme Culinary-Medicinal 40:57 arg1 Mushroom 59:66 the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom 29:66 the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom 29:66 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 0 24 theme Culinary-Medicinal 40:57 arg1 velutipes 80:88 Flammulina velutipes 69:88 Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes) 69:105 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 1 25 theme Flammulina 273:282 arg1 velutipes 284:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 0 26 theme Conditions 135:144 arg1 Types 120:124 Three Types 114:124 Three Types of Light Conditions 114:144 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 0 27 theme Winter 33:38 arg1 Mushroom 59:66 the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom 29:66 the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom 29:66 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 0 27 theme Winter 33:38 arg1 velutipes 80:88 Flammulina velutipes 69:88 Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes) 69:105 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 0 28 theme Light 129:133 arg1 Conditions 135:144 Light Conditions 129:144 Light Conditions 129:144 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 1 29 from effect 194:199 arg1 cultivation 217:227 the cultivation 213:227 the cultivation 213:227 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 29 from effect 194:199 arg1 amounts 237:243 the amounts 233:243 the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 233:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 1 29 from effect 194:199 arg1 components 259:268 bio-active components 248:268 bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 248:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 4 30 theme ergosterol 571:580 arg1 content 582:588 ergosterol content 571:588 ergosterol content 571:588 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 28605342 6 31 theme F. 804:805 arg1 velutipes 807:815 F. velutipes 804:815 F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions 804:868 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 2 32 theme fluorescent 331:341 arg1 T8 349:350 T8 349:350 T8 349:350 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 2 32 theme fluorescent 331:341 arg1 tube 343:346 fluorescent tube 331:346 fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 331:428 The mushrooms were cultivated under fluorescent tube (T8) grow lights, lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and cold-cathode fluorescent lamps. 28605342 0 33 theme Mushroom 59:66 arg1 Differences 14:24 Compositional Differences 0:24 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 0:145 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 1 34 from cultivation 217:227 arg1 velutipes 284:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 Flammulina velutipes 273:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 3 35 theme T8 464:465 arg1 lights 467:472 the T8 lights 460:472 the T8 lights 460:472 The biological efficiency of the T8 lights was the highest, at 92%. 28605342 1 36 theme light 204:208 arg1 effect 194:199 the effect 190:199 the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes 190:292 The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of light on the cultivation and the amounts of bio-active components in Flammulina velutipes. 28605342 6 37 theme principal 950:958 arg1 acids 966:970 principal fatty acids 950:970 principal fatty acids 950:970 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 0 38 theme Flammulina 69:78 arg1 Agaricomycetes 91:104 Agaricomycetes 91:104 Agaricomycetes 91:104 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 0 38 theme Flammulina 69:78 arg1 Mushroom 59:66 the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom 29:66 the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom 29:66 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 0 38 theme Flammulina 69:78 arg1 velutipes 80:88 Flammulina velutipes 69:88 Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes) 69:105 Compositional Differences of the Winter Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes), under Three Types of Light Conditions. 28605342 6 39 theme different 877:885 arg1 profiles 887:894 different profiles 877:894 different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids 877:970 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 6 40 theme proximate 900:908 arg1 composition 910:920 proximate composition 900:920 proximate composition 900:920 Principal component analysis showed that F. velutipes cultivated under the 3 different lighting conditions showed different profiles for proximate composition, nutritional compounds, and principal fatty acids. 28605342 4 41 theme polysaccharide 543:556 arg1 content 558:564 polysaccharide content 543:564 polysaccharide content 543:564 The crude fat content, crude fiber content, polysaccharide content, and ergosterol content were highest under the LEDs, at 2.9 g/100 g, 7.9 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, and 1.4 mg/g, respectively. 25109456 0 0 from characterization 14:29 arg1 apple 96:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 2 1 theme DEAE-52 379:385 arg1 chromatography 351:364 chromatography 351:364 chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 351:465 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 6 2 theme antioxidant 958:968 arg1 activities 970:979 In vitro antioxidant activities 949:979 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions 949:998 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 7 3 contain possessed 1145:1153 arg1 TYAP-2 1127:1132 TYAP-2 1127:1132 TYAP-2 1127:1132 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 7 3 contain possessed 1145:1153 arg1 TYAP-1 1119:1124 TYAP-1 1119:1124 TYAP-1 1119:1124 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 7 3 contain possessed 1145:1153 arg2 effects 1179:1185 significant antioxidant effects 1155:1185 significant antioxidant effects 1155:1185 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 7 3 contain possessed 1145:1153 arg1 TYAP-3 1138:1143 TYAP-3 1138:1143 TYAP-3 1138:1143 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 3 4 theme TYAP-2 682:687 arg1 complicated 710:720 complicated 710:720 complicated 710:720 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 3 4 theme TYAP-2 682:687 arg1 compositions 666:677 the monosaccharide compositions 647:677 the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 647:698 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 4 5 theme UV 824:825 arg1 spectrum 827:834 the UV spectrum 820:834 the UV spectrum 820:834 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 1 6 from apple 199:203 arg1 polysaccharides 164:178 polysaccharides 164:178 polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) 164:209 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 6 from apple 199:203 arg1 characterization 117:132 characterization 117:132 characterization 117:132 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 6 from apple 199:203 arg1 activities 150:159 antioxidant activities 138:159 antioxidant activities 138:159 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 6 from apple 199:203 arg1 Purification 103:114 Purification 103:114 Purification 103:114 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 2 7 theme Cellulose 369:377 arg1 DEAE-52 379:385 Cellulose DEAE-52 369:385 Cellulose DEAE-52 369:385 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 9 8 theme scientific 1423:1432 arg1 basis 1434:1438 a scientific basis 1421:1438 a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple 1421:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 3 9 theme HPLC 468:471 arg1 analysis 473:480 HPLC analysis 468:480 HPLC analysis 468:480 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 0 10 from Purification 0:11 arg1 apple 96:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 4 11 theme TYAP 753:756 arg1 fractions 758:766 TYAP fractions 753:766 TYAP fractions of three 753:775 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 6 12 theme In 949:950 arg1 activities 970:979 In vitro antioxidant activities 949:979 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions 949:998 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 6 13 theme antioxidant 1065:1075 arg1 systems 1083:1089 ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems 1049:1089 ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems 1049:1089 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 9 14 theme thinned-young 1484:1496 arg1 apple 1498:1502 thinned-young apple 1484:1502 thinned-young apple 1484:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 7 15 theme significant 1155:1165 arg1 effects 1179:1185 significant antioxidant effects 1155:1185 significant antioxidant effects 1155:1185 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 2 16 theme water 303:307 arg1 extraction 309:318 hot water extraction 299:318 hot water extraction 299:318 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 7 17 theme antioxidant 1167:1177 arg1 effects 1179:1185 significant antioxidant effects 1155:1185 significant antioxidant effects 1155:1185 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 9 18 from use 1456:1458 arg1 apple 1498:1502 thinned-young apple 1484:1502 thinned-young apple 1484:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 2 19 theme hot 299:301 arg1 extraction 309:318 hot water extraction 299:318 hot water extraction 299:318 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 7 20 theme 0.25-5.0mg/mL 1260:1272 arg1 range 1251:1255 the tested concentration range 1226:1255 the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL 1226:1272 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 0 21 from activities 47:56 arg1 apple 96:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 9 22 theme further 1448:1454 arg1 use 1456:1458 the further use 1444:1458 the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple 1444:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 6 23 theme power 1077:1081 arg1 systems 1083:1089 ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems 1049:1089 ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems 1049:1089 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 2 24 theme TYAP-3 460:465 arg1 fractions 428:436 three purified fractions 413:436 three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 413:465 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 3 25 theme molecular 579:587 arg1 weights 589:595 the average molecular weights 567:595 the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa 567:627 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 4 26 from nm 814:815 arg1 spectrum 827:834 the UV spectrum 820:834 the UV spectrum 820:834 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 5 27 theme structure 895:903 arg1 properties 905:914 Their structure properties 889:914 Their structure properties 889:914 Their structure properties were further confirmed by FT-IR. 25109456 2 28 theme G-150 400:404 arg1 chromatography 351:364 chromatography 351:364 chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 351:465 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 2 29 theme TYAP-2 449:454 arg1 fractions 428:436 three purified fractions 413:436 three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 413:465 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 4 30 theme nucleic 875:881 arg1 acid 883:886 nucleic acid 875:886 nucleic acid 875:886 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 1 31 from activities 150:159 arg1 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 31 from activities 150:159 arg1 apple 199:203 thinned-young apple 185:203 thinned-young apple (TYA) 185:209 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 8 32 theme antioxidant 1338:1348 arg1 activity 1350:1357 significantly higher antioxidant activity 1317:1357 significantly higher antioxidant activity 1317:1357 Among the fractions tested, TYAP-3 showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of TYAP-1 and TYAP-2. 25109456 2 33 theme TYAP-1 441:446 arg1 fractions 428:436 three purified fractions 413:436 three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 413:465 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 6 34 theme ferric-reducing 1049:1063 arg1 systems 1083:1089 ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems 1049:1089 ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems 1049:1089 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 3 35 theme average 571:577 arg1 weights 589:595 the average molecular weights 567:595 the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa 567:627 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 9 36 theme polysaccharides 1463:1477 arg1 use 1456:1458 the further use 1444:1458 the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple 1444:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 7 37 theme concentration 1237:1249 arg1 range 1251:1255 the tested concentration range 1226:1255 the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL 1226:1272 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 0 38 from apple 96:100 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 0 38 from apple 96:100 arg1 activities 47:56 antioxidant activities 35:56 antioxidant activities 35:56 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 0 38 from apple 96:100 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 0 38 from apple 96:100 arg1 polysaccharides 61:75 polysaccharides 61:75 polysaccharides from thinned-young apple 61:100 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 3 39 theme kDa 604:606 arg1 weights 589:595 the average molecular weights 567:595 the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa 567:627 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 0 40 theme antioxidant 35:45 arg1 activities 47:56 antioxidant activities 35:56 antioxidant activities 35:56 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 4 41 theme acid 883:886 arg1 absence 852:858 the absence 848:858 the absence of protein and nucleic acid 848:886 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 3 42 theme kDa 625:627 arg1 weights 589:595 the average molecular weights 567:595 the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa 567:627 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 8 43 theme higher 1331:1336 arg1 activity 1350:1357 significantly higher antioxidant activity 1317:1357 significantly higher antioxidant activity 1317:1357 Among the fractions tested, TYAP-3 showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of TYAP-1 and TYAP-2. 25109456 2 44 theme purified 419:426 arg1 fractions 428:436 three purified fractions 413:436 three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 413:465 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 0 45 theme polysaccharides 61:75 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 0 45 theme polysaccharides 61:75 arg1 activities 47:56 antioxidant activities 35:56 antioxidant activities 35:56 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 0 45 theme polysaccharides 61:75 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 2 46 theme water-soluble 245:257 arg1 polysaccharide 259:272 A water-soluble polysaccharide 243:272 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) 243:279 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 2 46 theme water-soluble 245:257 arg1 TYAP 275:278 TYAP 275:278 TYAP 275:278 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 4 47 from nm 803:804 arg1 spectrum 827:834 the UV spectrum 820:834 the UV spectrum 820:834 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 1 48 theme antioxidant 138:148 arg1 activities 150:159 antioxidant activities 138:159 antioxidant activities 138:159 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 6 49 dep In 949:950 arg1 vitro 952:956 vitro 952:956 vitro 952:956 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 7 50 theme concentration-dependant 1192:1214 arg1 manner 1216:1221 a concentration-dependant manner 1190:1221 a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL 1190:1272 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 1 51 from characterization 117:132 arg1 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 51 from characterization 117:132 arg1 apple 199:203 thinned-young apple 185:203 thinned-young apple (TYA) 185:209 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 7 52 from manner 1216:1221 arg1 range 1251:1255 the tested concentration range 1226:1255 the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL 1226:1272 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 4 53 theme protein 863:869 arg1 absence 852:858 the absence 848:858 the absence of protein and nucleic acid 848:886 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 6 54 theme fractions 990:998 arg1 activities 970:979 In vitro antioxidant activities 949:979 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions 949:998 In vitro antioxidant activities of three fractions were characterized by DPPH(•), HO(•), O2(•-) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power systems. 25109456 4 55 theme three 771:775 arg1 fractions 758:766 TYAP fractions 753:766 TYAP fractions of three 753:775 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 1 56 theme polysaccharides 164:178 arg1 characterization 117:132 characterization 117:132 characterization 117:132 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 56 theme polysaccharides 164:178 arg1 activities 150:159 antioxidant activities 138:159 antioxidant activities 138:159 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 56 theme polysaccharides 164:178 arg1 Purification 103:114 Purification 103:114 Purification 103:114 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 57 from Purification 103:114 arg1 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 57 from Purification 103:114 arg1 apple 199:203 thinned-young apple 185:203 thinned-young apple (TYA) 185:209 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 0 58 theme thinned-young 82:94 arg1 apple 96:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 thinned-young apple 82:100 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 3 59 theme monosaccharide 651:664 arg1 complicated 710:720 complicated 710:720 complicated 710:720 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 3 59 theme monosaccharide 651:664 arg1 compositions 666:677 the monosaccharide compositions 647:677 the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 647:698 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 7 60 theme tested 1230:1235 arg1 range 1251:1255 the tested concentration range 1226:1255 the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL 1226:1272 The results indicated that TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 possessed significant antioxidant effects in a concentration-dependant manner in the tested concentration range of 0.25-5.0mg/mL. 25109456 2 61 theme Sephadex 391:398 arg1 G-150 400:404 Sephadex G-150 391:404 Sephadex G-150 391:404 A water-soluble polysaccharide (TYAP) was obtained with hot water extraction, which was further purified by chromatography of Cellulose DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150 to get three purified fractions of TYAP-1, TYAP-2 and TYAP-3. 25109456 3 62 theme TYAP-3 693:698 arg1 complicated 710:720 complicated 710:720 complicated 710:720 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 3 62 theme TYAP-3 693:698 arg1 compositions 666:677 the monosaccharide compositions 647:677 the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 647:698 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 3 63 theme kDa 613:615 arg1 weights 589:595 the average molecular weights 567:595 the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa 567:627 HPLC analysis showed that the three fractions were mainly composed of galactose and arabinose with the average molecular weights of 115 kDa, 479 kDa and 403 kDa, respectively and the monosaccharide compositions of TYAP-2 and TYAP-3 were more complicated than that of TYAP-1. 25109456 1 64 theme thinned-young 185:197 arg1 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 TYA 206:208 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 1 64 theme thinned-young 185:197 arg1 apple 199:203 thinned-young apple 185:203 thinned-young apple (TYA) 185:209 Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple (TYA) were investigated in the study. 25109456 9 65 from apple 1498:1502 arg1 use 1456:1458 the further use 1444:1458 the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple 1444:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 9 65 from apple 1498:1502 arg1 polysaccharides 1463:1477 polysaccharides 1463:1477 polysaccharides from thinned-young apple 1463:1502 All of these findings provide a scientific basis for the further use of polysaccharides from thinned-young apple. 25109456 4 66 contain had 777:779 arg2 absorptions 784:794 no absorptions 781:794 no absorptions 781:794 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 25109456 4 66 contain had 777:779 arg1 fractions 758:766 TYAP fractions 753:766 TYAP fractions of three 753:775 Moreover, TYAP fractions of three had no absorptions at 260 nm and 280 nm in the UV spectrum, indicating the absence of protein and nucleic acid. 24786555 5 0 theme glycosylation 839:851 arg1 strategies 853:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies 808:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 808:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 7 1 theme IAD 1186:1188 arg1 strategy 1190:1197 The IAD strategy 1182:1197 The IAD strategy 1182:1197 The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. 24786555 7 1 theme IAD 1186:1188 arg1 modular 1209:1215 modular 1209:1215 modular 1209:1215 The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. 24786555 1 2 theme Burkholderia 207:218 arg1 agents 254:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 2 theme Burkholderia 207:218 arg1 pseudomallei 190:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 2 theme Burkholderia 207:218 arg1 mallei 220:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 4 3 theme pseudomallei 680:691 arg1 fragments 660:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments 636:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit 636:724 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 6 4 theme sugar 1166:1170 arg1 skeleton 1172:1179 the sugar skeleton 1162:1179 the sugar skeleton 1162:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 2 5 theme repeating 411:419 arg1 unit 421:424 the repeating unit 407:424 the repeating unit 407:424 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 5 theme repeating 411:419 arg1 -2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl- 354:398 an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl- 339:398 an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] 339:402 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 8 6 theme acetylated 1350:1359 arg1 disaccharides 1361:1373 the acetylated disaccharides 1346:1373 the acetylated disaccharides 1346:1373 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor. 24786555 7 7 theme stereoselectivity 1298:1314 arg1 control 1287:1293 complete control 1278:1293 complete control of stereoselectivity 1278:1314 The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. 24786555 5 8 from thio-manno-heptose 869:886 arg1 strategies 853:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies 808:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 808:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 4 9 dep pseudomallei 680:691 arg1 CPS 707:709 CPS 707:709 CPS 707:709 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 4 9 dep pseudomallei 680:691 arg1 the 673:675 the 673:675 the 673:675 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 2 10 theme unusual 342:348 arg1 unit 421:424 the repeating unit 407:424 the repeating unit 407:424 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 10 theme unusual 342:348 arg1 1→ 400:401 1→ 400:401 1→ 400:401 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 10 theme unusual 342:348 arg1 -2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl- 354:398 an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl- 339:398 an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] 339:402 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 6 11 theme 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 1079:1106 arg1 synthesis 1066:1074 the stereocontrolled synthesis 1045:1074 the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton 1045:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 0 12 theme pseudomallei 115:126 arg1 synthesis 44:52 the synthesis 40:52 the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 40:84 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 0 12 theme pseudomallei 115:126 arg1 fragments 89:97 fragments 89:97 fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide 89:174 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 6 13 theme aglycon 987:993 arg1 IAD 1005:1007 IAD 1005:1007 IAD 1005:1007 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 6 13 theme aglycon 987:993 arg1 delivery 995:1002 NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery 959:1002 NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) 959:1008 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 4 14 theme mono- 636:640 arg1 fragments 660:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments 636:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit 636:724 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 0 15 theme mallei 145:150 arg1 synthesis 44:52 the synthesis 40:52 the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 40:84 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 0 15 theme mallei 145:150 arg1 fragments 89:97 fragments 89:97 fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide 89:174 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 6 16 theme intramolecular 972:985 arg1 IAD 1005:1007 IAD 1005:1007 IAD 1005:1007 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 6 16 theme intramolecular 972:985 arg1 delivery 995:1002 NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery 959:1002 NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) 959:1008 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 3 17 theme main 462:465 arg1 targets 467:473 the main targets 458:473 the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans 458:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 8 18 theme disaccharides 1361:1373 arg1 hydrogenation 1329:1341 Problematic hydrogenation 1317:1341 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides 1317:1373 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor. 24786555 5 19 theme inter- 813:818 arg1 strategies 853:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies 808:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 808:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 6 20 theme NAP-mediated 959:970 arg1 IAD 1005:1007 IAD 1005:1007 IAD 1005:1007 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 6 20 theme NAP-mediated 959:970 arg1 delivery 995:1002 NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery 959:1002 NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) 959:1008 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 3 21 from humans 510:515 arg1 targets 467:473 the main targets 458:473 the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans 458:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 0 22 dep pseudomallei 115:126 arg1 polysaccharide 161:174 capsular polysaccharide 152:174 capsular polysaccharide 152:174 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 1 23 theme potential 231:239 arg1 agents 254:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 23 theme potential 231:239 arg1 pseudomallei 190:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 23 theme potential 231:239 arg1 mallei 220:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 0 24 theme aglycon 15:21 arg1 delivery 23:30 Intramolecular aglycon delivery 0:30 Intramolecular aglycon delivery 0:30 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 1 25 theme bioterrorism 241:252 arg1 agents 254:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 25 theme bioterrorism 241:252 arg1 pseudomallei 190:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 25 theme bioterrorism 241:252 arg1 mallei 220:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 0 26 theme Intramolecular 0:13 arg1 delivery 23:30 Intramolecular aglycon delivery 0:30 Intramolecular aglycon delivery 0:30 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 7 27 with acceptors 1263:1271 arg1 control 1287:1293 complete control 1278:1293 complete control of stereoselectivity 1278:1314 The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. 24786555 3 28 theme targets 467:473 arg1 one 451:453 one 451:453 one 451:453 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 3 28 theme targets 467:473 arg1 targets 467:473 the main targets 458:473 the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans 458:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 7 29 theme diverse 1255:1261 arg1 acceptors 1263:1271 structurally diverse acceptors 1242:1271 structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity 1242:1314 The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. 24786555 6 30 theme stereocontrolled 1049:1064 arg1 synthesis 1066:1074 the stereocontrolled synthesis 1045:1074 the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton 1045:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 3 31 theme response 498:505 arg1 targets 467:473 the main targets 458:473 the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans 458:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 5 32 mod modified 897:904 arg3 NAP 929:931 NAP 929:931 NAP 929:931 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 5 32 mod modified 897:904 arg3 2-naphthylmethyl 911:926 2-naphthylmethyl 911:926 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 911:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 5 32 mod modified 897:904 arg1 strategies 853:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies 808:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 808:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 4 33 theme stereoselective 607:621 arg1 synthesis 623:631 the stereoselective synthesis 603:631 the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit 603:724 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 0 34 theme capsular 152:159 arg1 polysaccharide 161:174 capsular polysaccharide 152:174 capsular polysaccharide 152:174 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 2 35 theme [→3 350:352 arg1 unit 421:424 the repeating unit 407:424 the repeating unit 407:424 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 35 theme [→3 350:352 arg1 1→ 400:401 1→ 400:401 1→ 400:401 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 35 theme [→3 350:352 arg1 -2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl- 354:398 an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl- 339:398 an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] 339:402 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 5 36 theme 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 756:783 arg1 synthesis 743:751 The synthesis 739:751 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 739:783 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 7 37 theme complete 1278:1285 arg1 control 1287:1293 complete control 1278:1293 complete control of stereoselectivity 1278:1314 The IAD strategy is highly modular, as it can be applied to structurally diverse acceptors with complete control of stereoselectivity. 24786555 6 38 theme skeleton 1172:1179 arg1 protection 1148:1157 rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection 1129:1157 rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton 1129:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 3 39 theme adaptive 482:489 arg1 response 498:505 the adaptive immune response 478:505 the adaptive immune response in humans 478:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 8 40 theme Problematic 1317:1327 arg1 hydrogenation 1329:1341 Problematic hydrogenation 1317:1341 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides 1317:1373 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor. 24786555 8 41 theme microfluidic 1399:1410 arg1 reactor 1428:1434 a microfluidic continuous flow reactor 1397:1434 a microfluidic continuous flow reactor 1397:1434 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor. 24786555 3 42 theme immune 491:496 arg1 response 498:505 the adaptive immune response 478:505 the adaptive immune response in humans 478:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 0 43 theme 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 57:84 arg1 synthesis 44:52 the synthesis 40:52 the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 40:84 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 0 43 theme 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides 57:84 arg1 fragments 89:97 fragments 89:97 fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide 89:174 Intramolecular aglycon delivery enables the synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides as fragments of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei capsular polysaccharide. 24786555 6 44 theme suitable 1023:1030 arg1 approach 1032:1039 a suitable approach 1021:1039 a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton 1021:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 2 45 theme capsular 284:291 arg1 polysaccharide 293:306 the same capsular polysaccharide 275:306 the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 275:312 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 45 theme capsular 284:291 arg1 homopolymer 317:327 a homopolymer 315:327 a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit 315:424 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 45 theme capsular 284:291 arg1 CPS 309:311 CPS 309:311 CPS 309:311 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 5 46 from C2 937:938 arg1 NAP 929:931 NAP 929:931 NAP 929:931 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 5 46 from C2 937:938 arg1 2-naphthylmethyl 911:926 2-naphthylmethyl 911:926 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 911:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 8 47 theme flow 1423:1426 arg1 reactor 1428:1434 a microfluidic continuous flow reactor 1397:1434 a microfluidic continuous flow reactor 1397:1434 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor. 24786555 2 48 theme same 279:282 arg1 polysaccharide 293:306 the same capsular polysaccharide 275:306 the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS) 275:312 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 48 theme same 279:282 arg1 homopolymer 317:327 a homopolymer 315:327 a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit 315:424 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 2 48 theme same 279:282 arg1 CPS 309:311 CPS 309:311 CPS 309:311 They express the same capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a homopolymer featuring an unusual [→3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptopyranosyl-(1→] as the repeating unit. 24786555 3 49 theme crucial 544:550 arg1 candidate 560:568 a crucial subunit candidate 542:568 a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development 542:592 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 8 50 theme continuous 1412:1421 arg1 reactor 1428:1434 a microfluidic continuous flow reactor 1397:1434 a microfluidic continuous flow reactor 1397:1434 Problematic hydrogenation of the acetylated disaccharides was overcome by using a microfluidic continuous flow reactor. 24786555 6 51 theme rigid 1129:1133 arg1 protection 1148:1157 rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection 1129:1157 rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton 1129:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 24786555 4 52 theme fragments 660:668 arg1 synthesis 623:631 the stereoselective synthesis 603:631 the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit 603:724 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 3 53 theme vaccine 574:580 arg1 development 582:592 vaccine development 574:592 vaccine development 574:592 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 1 54 theme Burkholderia 177:188 arg1 agents 254:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 potential bioterrorism agents 231:259 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 54 theme Burkholderia 177:188 arg1 pseudomallei 190:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei 177:201 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 1 54 theme Burkholderia 177:188 arg1 mallei 220:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia mallei 207:225 Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are potential bioterrorism agents. 24786555 4 55 theme disaccharidic 646:658 arg1 fragments 660:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments 636:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit 636:724 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 3 56 from targets 467:473 arg1 humans 510:515 humans 510:515 humans 510:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 3 57 theme subunit 552:558 arg1 candidate 560:568 a crucial subunit candidate 542:568 a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development 542:592 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 4 58 theme mallei 700:705 arg1 fragments 660:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments 636:668 mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit 636:724 Herein, the stereoselective synthesis of mono- and disaccharidic fragments of the B. pseudomallei and B. mallei CPS repeating unit is reported. 24786555 5 59 theme intramolecular 824:837 arg1 strategies 853:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies 808:862 both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2 808:938 The synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides was investigated using both inter- and intramolecular glycosylation strategies from thio-manno-heptose that was modified with 2-naphthylmethyl (NAP) at C2. 24786555 3 60 from response 498:505 arg1 humans 510:515 humans 510:515 humans 510:515 This CPS is known to be one of the main targets of the adaptive immune response in humans and therefore represents a crucial subunit candidate for vaccine development. 24786555 6 61 theme 4,6-O-cyclic 1135:1146 arg1 protection 1148:1157 rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection 1129:1157 rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton 1129:1179 We show here that NAP-mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) represents a suitable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of 6-deoxy-β-D-manno-heptosides without the need for rigid 4,6-O-cyclic protection of the sugar skeleton. 25591038 5 0 theme different 681:689 arg1 ratios 717:722 different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 681:722 different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 681:722 The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios changed with polysaccharide composition. 25591038 8 1 theme antibiotic 1014:1023 arg1 chloramphenicol 1025:1039 the antibiotic chloramphenicol 1010:1039 the antibiotic chloramphenicol 1010:1039 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 4 2 theme acid-rich 607:615 arg1 alginate 617:624 guluronic acid-rich alginate 597:624 guluronic acid-rich alginate 597:624 Mannuronic-rich alginates were more photoreactive than guluronic acid-rich alginate and than pectate. 25591038 5 3 theme mannuronate-to-guluronate 691:715 arg1 ratios 717:722 different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 681:722 different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 681:722 The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios changed with polysaccharide composition. 25591038 2 4 from differences 324:334 arg1 photoreactivity 343:357 the photoreactivity 339:357 the photoreactivity of the materials 339:374 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 3 5 theme biomolecules 509:520 arg1 photochemistry 485:498 the photochemistry 481:498 the photochemistry of these biomolecules 481:520 The roles that different functional groups play on the photochemistry of these biomolecules were also examined. 25591038 4 6 theme guluronic 597:605 arg1 alginate 617:624 guluronic acid-rich alginate 597:624 guluronic acid-rich alginate 597:624 Mannuronic-rich alginates were more photoreactive than guluronic acid-rich alginate and than pectate. 25591038 2 7 theme photochemistry 272:285 arg1 studies 257:263 Comparative quantitative studies 232:263 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems 232:302 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 8 8 theme molecules 939:947 arg1 beads 909:913 The beads 905:913 The beads 905:913 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 8 8 theme molecules 939:947 arg1 carriers 927:934 stable carriers 920:934 stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol 920:1039 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 8 9 theme vitamin 986:992 arg1 acid 1000:1003 the vitamin folic acid 982:1003 the vitamin folic acid 982:1003 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 10 10 theme polysaccharide 1500:1513 arg1 environment 1547:1557 the metal coordination environment 1524:1557 the metal coordination environment 1524:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 10 10 theme polysaccharide 1500:1513 arg1 type 1492:1495 the type 1488:1495 the type of polysaccharide used 1488:1518 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 6 11 theme gel 785:787 arg1 morphology 789:798 the gel morphology 781:798 the gel morphology 781:798 This influenced the gel morphology and the photoreactivity. 25591038 1 12 theme plant-origin 143:154 arg1 alginate 181:188 alginate 181:188 alginate 181:188 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 1 12 theme plant-origin 143:154 arg1 pectate 194:200 pectate 194:200 pectate 194:200 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 1 12 theme plant-origin 143:154 arg1 PUAs 174:177 two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs) 139:178 two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs) 139:178 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 8 13 theme diverse 952:958 arg1 molecules 939:947 molecules 939:947 molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol 939:1039 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 10 14 from relationships 1298:1310 arg1 systems 1321:1327 these systems 1315:1327 these systems 1315:1327 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 10 15 theme environment 1547:1557 arg1 basis 1479:1483 the basis 1475:1483 the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment 1475:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 10 16 theme materials 1404:1412 arg1 design 1359:1364 the design 1355:1364 the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment 1355:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 0 17 theme iron 17:20 arg1 coordination 42:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination 0:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination 0:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination hydrogels for controlled delivery. 25591038 5 18 theme alginates 666:674 arg1 microstructure 648:661 The microstructure 644:661 The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 644:722 The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios changed with polysaccharide composition. 25591038 10 19 theme coordination 1534:1545 arg1 environment 1547:1557 the metal coordination environment 1524:1557 the metal coordination environment 1524:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 1 20 theme Visible-light 90:102 arg1 gels 115:118 Visible-light responsive gels 90:118 Visible-light responsive gels 90:118 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 10 21 theme polysaccharide-based 1383:1402 arg1 materials 1404:1412 biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials 1369:1412 biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment 1369:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 0 22 theme Light-responsive 0:15 arg1 coordination 42:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination 0:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination 0:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination hydrogels for controlled delivery. 25591038 10 23 theme metal 1528:1532 arg1 coordination 1534:1545 the metal coordination 1524:1545 the metal coordination environment 1524:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 1 24 theme responsive 104:113 arg1 gels 115:118 Visible-light responsive gels 90:118 Visible-light responsive gels 90:118 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 8 25 theme Red 977:979 arg1 dye 967:969 the dye 963:969 the dye Congo Red 963:979 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 10 26 theme structure-function 1279:1296 arg1 relationships 1298:1310 important structure-function relationships 1269:1310 important structure-function relationships in these systems 1269:1327 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 2 27 theme systems 296:302 arg1 photochemistry 272:285 the photochemistry 268:285 the photochemistry of these systems 268:302 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 9 28 from photoreactivity 1097:1111 arg1 solution 1139:1146 solution 1139:1146 solution 1139:1146 The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads mirrored the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution, where beads prepared with alginate released their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate. 25591038 10 29 theme controlled 1440:1449 arg1 release 1451:1457 controlled release 1440:1457 controlled release 1440:1457 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 2 30 theme its 413:415 arg1 composition 417:427 the polysaccharide and its composition 390:427 composition 417:427 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 0 31 theme -polysaccharide 26:40 arg1 coordination 42:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination 0:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination 0:53 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination hydrogels for controlled delivery. 25591038 3 32 theme different 445:453 arg1 groups 466:471 different functional groups 445:471 different functional groups 445:471 The roles that different functional groups play on the photochemistry of these biomolecules were also examined. 25591038 9 33 theme hydrogel 1069:1076 arg1 beads 1078:1082 the hydrogel beads 1065:1082 the hydrogel beads 1065:1082 The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads mirrored the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution, where beads prepared with alginate released their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate. 25591038 9 34 theme faster 1205:1210 arg1 cargo 1199:1203 their cargo 1193:1203 their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate 1193:1243 The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads mirrored the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution, where beads prepared with alginate released their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate. 25591038 8 35 theme folic 994:998 arg1 acid 1000:1003 the vitamin folic acid 982:1003 the vitamin folic acid 982:1003 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 2 36 theme polysaccharide 394:407 arg1 composition 417:427 the polysaccharide and its composition 390:427 composition 417:427 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 9 37 theme beads 1078:1082 arg1 photoreactivity 1046:1060 The photoreactivity 1042:1060 The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads 1042:1082 The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads mirrored the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution, where beads prepared with alginate released their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate. 25591038 7 38 theme hydrogel 838:845 arg1 beads 847:851 Coordination hydrogel beads 825:851 Coordination hydrogel beads 825:851 Coordination hydrogel beads were prepared from both Fe-alginate and Fe-pectate. 25591038 5 39 theme polysaccharide 737:750 arg1 composition 752:762 polysaccharide composition 737:762 polysaccharide composition 737:762 The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios changed with polysaccharide composition. 25591038 4 40 theme Mannuronic-rich 542:556 arg1 alginates 558:566 Mannuronic-rich alginates 542:566 Mannuronic-rich alginates 542:566 Mannuronic-rich alginates were more photoreactive than guluronic acid-rich alginate and than pectate. 25591038 1 41 theme polyuronic 156:165 arg1 alginate 181:188 alginate 181:188 alginate 181:188 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 1 41 theme polyuronic 156:165 arg1 pectate 194:200 pectate 194:200 pectate 194:200 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 1 41 theme polyuronic 156:165 arg1 PUAs 174:177 two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs) 139:178 two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs) 139:178 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 2 42 theme quantitative 244:255 arg1 studies 257:263 Comparative quantitative studies 232:263 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems 232:302 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 5 43 with microstructure 648:661 arg1 ratios 717:722 different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 681:722 different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios 681:722 The microstructure of alginates with different mannuronate-to-guluronate ratios changed with polysaccharide composition. 25591038 1 44 theme Fe 218:219 arg1 ions 226:229 Fe(III) ions 218:229 Fe(III) ions 218:229 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 2 45 theme Comparative 232:242 arg1 studies 257:263 Comparative quantitative studies 232:263 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems 232:302 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 10 46 theme type 1492:1495 arg1 basis 1479:1483 the basis 1475:1483 the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment 1475:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 2 47 theme unexpected 313:322 arg1 differences 324:334 unexpected differences 313:334 unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials 313:374 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 8 48 theme stable 920:925 arg1 beads 909:913 The beads 905:913 The beads 905:913 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 8 48 theme stable 920:925 arg1 carriers 927:934 stable carriers 920:934 stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol 920:1039 The beads were stable carriers of molecules as diverse as the dye Congo Red, the vitamin folic acid, and the antibiotic chloramphenicol. 25591038 10 49 theme important 1269:1277 arg1 relationships 1298:1310 important structure-function relationships 1269:1310 important structure-function relationships in these systems 1269:1327 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 0 50 theme controlled 69:78 arg1 delivery 80:87 controlled delivery 69:87 controlled delivery 69:87 Light-responsive iron(III)-polysaccharide coordination hydrogels for controlled delivery. 25591038 3 51 theme functional 455:464 arg1 groups 466:471 different functional groups 445:471 different functional groups 445:471 The roles that different functional groups play on the photochemistry of these biomolecules were also examined. 25591038 10 52 theme biocompatible 1369:1381 arg1 materials 1404:1412 biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials 1369:1412 biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment 1369:1557 These results indicate important structure-function relationships in these systems and create guidelines for the design of biocompatible polysaccharide-based materials where photoreactivity and controlled release can be tuned on the basis of the type of polysaccharide used and the metal coordination environment. 25591038 2 53 theme materials 366:374 arg1 photoreactivity 343:357 the photoreactivity 339:357 the photoreactivity of the materials 339:374 Comparative quantitative studies of the photochemistry of these systems revealed unexpected differences in the photoreactivity of the materials, depending on the polysaccharide and its composition. 25591038 1 54 theme acids 167:171 arg1 alginate 181:188 alginate 181:188 alginate 181:188 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 1 54 theme acids 167:171 arg1 pectate 194:200 pectate 194:200 pectate 194:200 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 1 54 theme acids 167:171 arg1 PUAs 174:177 two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs) 139:178 two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs) 139:178 Visible-light responsive gels were prepared from two plant-origin polyuronic acids (PUAs), alginate and pectate, coordinated to Fe(III) ions. 25591038 9 55 theme polysaccharides 1120:1134 arg1 photoreactivity 1097:1111 the photoreactivity 1093:1111 the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution 1093:1146 The photoreactivity of the hydrogel beads mirrored the photoreactivity of the polysaccharides in solution, where beads prepared with alginate released their cargo faster than beads prepared with pectate. 25591038 7 56 theme Coordination 825:836 arg1 beads 847:851 Coordination hydrogel beads 825:851 Coordination hydrogel beads 825:851 Coordination hydrogel beads were prepared from both Fe-alginate and Fe-pectate. 28504157 2 0 theme oxidized 503:510 arg1 gellan 512:517 oxidized gellan 503:517 oxidized gellan (GellOx) 503:526 Either oxidized gellan (GellOx) or pullulan (PullOx) were used. 28504157 2 0 theme oxidized 503:510 arg1 GellOx 520:525 GellOx 520:525 GellOx 520:525 Either oxidized gellan (GellOx) or pullulan (PullOx) were used. 28504157 1 1 theme oxidized 354:361 arg1 polysaccharides 363:377 oxidized polysaccharides 354:377 oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers) 354:429 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 1 theme oxidized 354:361 arg1 OxPolys 380:386 OxPolys 380:386 OxPolys 380:386 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 5 2 theme better 1018:1023 arg1 maneuverability 1036:1050 better laboratory maneuverability 1018:1050 better laboratory maneuverability 1018:1050 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 5 3 theme laboratory 1025:1034 arg1 maneuverability 1036:1050 better laboratory maneuverability 1018:1050 better laboratory maneuverability 1018:1050 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 0 4 theme Oxidized 93:100 arg1 polysaccharides 102:116 Oxidized polysaccharides 93:116 Oxidized polysaccharides 93:116 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 1 5 theme polysaccharides 363:377 arg1 mixtures 226:233 ternary mixtures 218:233 ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers) 218:429 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 4 6 theme alginate 904:911 arg1 hydrogel 913:920 the classic alginate hydrogel 892:920 the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation 892:948 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties of the prepared hydrogels were compared against the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation. 28504157 6 7 theme short 1259:1263 arg1 shock 1283:1287 a short innocuous thermal shock 1257:1287 a short innocuous thermal shock 1257:1287 All hydrogels undergo fast liquefaction at temperatures between 42 and 50°C, permitting the cell release after a short innocuous thermal shock. 28504157 1 8 dep NaHyal 310:315 arg1 assistant 338:346 a microfibrillation assistant 318:346 NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant 310:346 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 6 9 theme cell 1238:1241 arg1 release 1243:1249 the cell release 1234:1249 the cell release 1234:1249 All hydrogels undergo fast liquefaction at temperatures between 42 and 50°C, permitting the cell release after a short innocuous thermal shock. 28504157 1 10 theme crosslinked 133:143 arg1 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation 451:493 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 10 theme crosslinked 133:143 arg1 networks 145:152 Mixed crosslinked networks 127:152 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type 127:188 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 11 theme sodium 290:295 arg1 hyaluronate 297:307 sodium hyaluronate 290:307 sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant) 290:347 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 4 12 theme biocompatibility 816:831 arg1 properties 833:842 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties 780:842 properties 833:842 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties of the prepared hydrogels were compared against the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 13 theme hyaluronate 297:307 arg1 mixtures 226:233 ternary mixtures 218:233 ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers) 218:429 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 3 14 theme ex 751:752 arg1 storage 771:777 ex vivo temporarily storage 751:777 ex vivo temporarily storage 751:777 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 3 15 theme proliferative 722:734 arg1 ability 736:742 proliferative ability 722:742 proliferative ability 722:742 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 1 16 theme eukaryotic 465:474 arg1 encapsulation 481:493 eukaryotic cell encapsulation 465:493 eukaryotic cell encapsulation 465:493 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 17 theme ternary 218:224 arg1 mixtures 226:233 ternary mixtures 218:233 ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers) 218:429 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 0 18 theme ionic-covalent 24:37 arg1 hydrogels 39:47 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels 0:47 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 0:125 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 4 19 theme classic 896:902 arg1 hydrogel 913:920 the classic alginate hydrogel 892:920 the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation 892:948 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties of the prepared hydrogels were compared against the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 20 theme cell 476:479 arg1 encapsulation 481:493 eukaryotic cell encapsulation 465:493 eukaryotic cell encapsulation 465:493 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 5 21 theme characteristics 978:992 arg1 range 960:964 A larger range 951:964 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability 951:1050 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 0 22 theme Biomacromolecular-based 0:22 arg1 hydrogels 39:47 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels 0:47 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 0:125 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 3 23 theme original 563:570 arg1 procedure 572:580 An original procedure 560:580 An original procedure 560:580 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 5 24 theme particular 1123:1132 arg1 types 1139:1143 particular cell types 1123:1143 particular cell types 1123:1143 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 5 25 theme maneuverability 1036:1050 arg1 range 960:964 A larger range 951:964 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability 951:1050 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 5 26 theme material 969:976 arg1 characteristics 978:992 material characteristics 969:992 material characteristics (from lax to stiff) 969:1012 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 1 27 theme Mixed 127:131 arg1 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation 451:493 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 27 theme Mixed 127:131 arg1 networks 145:152 Mixed crosslinked networks 127:152 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type 127:188 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 4 28 theme prepared 851:858 arg1 hydrogels 860:868 the prepared hydrogels 847:868 the prepared hydrogels 847:868 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties of the prepared hydrogels were compared against the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 29 theme atelocollagen 238:250 arg1 mixtures 226:233 ternary mixtures 218:233 ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers) 218:429 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 6 30 theme fast 1168:1171 arg1 liquefaction 1173:1184 fast liquefaction 1168:1184 fast liquefaction 1168:1184 All hydrogels undergo fast liquefaction at temperatures between 42 and 50°C, permitting the cell release after a short innocuous thermal shock. 28504157 0 31 dep atelocollagen 77:89 arg1 couples 118:124 couples 118:124 couples 118:124 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 3 32 theme temporarily 759:769 arg1 storage 771:777 ex vivo temporarily storage 751:777 ex vivo temporarily storage 751:777 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 3 33 theme adipose-derived 657:671 arg1 cells 678:682 adipose-derived stem cells 657:682 adipose-derived stem cells 657:682 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 3 34 theme optimal 586:592 arg1 recipes 603:609 optimal hydrogel recipes 586:609 optimal hydrogel recipes 586:609 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 0 35 theme cell 53:56 arg1 encapsulation 58:70 cell encapsulation 53:70 cell encapsulation 53:70 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 1 36 theme microfibrillation 320:336 arg1 assistant 338:346 a microfibrillation assistant 318:346 NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant 310:346 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 37 theme matrix 415:420 arg1 fillers 422:428 matrix fillers 415:428 matrix fillers 415:428 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 3 38 theme hydrogel 594:601 arg1 recipes 603:609 optimal hydrogel recipes 586:609 optimal hydrogel recipes 586:609 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 5 39 dep stiff 1007:1011 arg1 lax 1000:1002 lax 1000:1002 lax 1000:1002 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 6 40 theme thermal 1275:1281 arg1 shock 1283:1287 a short innocuous thermal shock 1257:1287 a short innocuous thermal shock 1257:1287 All hydrogels undergo fast liquefaction at temperatures between 42 and 50°C, permitting the cell release after a short innocuous thermal shock. 28504157 5 41 theme larger 953:958 arg1 range 960:964 A larger range 951:964 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability 951:1050 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 4 42 theme cell 931:934 arg1 encapsulation 936:948 cell encapsulation 931:948 cell encapsulation 931:948 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties of the prepared hydrogels were compared against the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation. 28504157 4 43 theme hydrogels 860:868 arg1 rheological 799:809 rheological 799:809 rheological 799:809 Physical-chemical, rheological, and biocompatibility properties of the prepared hydrogels were compared against the classic alginate hydrogel used for cell encapsulation. 28504157 5 44 theme cell 1134:1137 arg1 types 1139:1143 particular cell types 1123:1143 particular cell types 1123:1143 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 6 45 theme innocuous 1265:1273 arg1 shock 1283:1287 a short innocuous thermal shock 1257:1287 a short innocuous thermal shock 1257:1287 All hydrogels undergo fast liquefaction at temperatures between 42 and 50°C, permitting the cell release after a short innocuous thermal shock. 28504157 3 46 dep ex 751:752 arg1 vivo 754:757 vivo 754:757 vivo 754:757 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 1 47 dep hyaluronate 297:307 arg1 NaHyal 310:315 NaHyal 310:315 NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant 310:346 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 48 dep aK 253:254 arg1 generator 278:286 as fibrillary matrix generator 257:286 aK; as fibrillary matrix generator 253:286 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 49 theme ionic-covalent 157:170 arg1 type 185:188 ionic-covalent entanglement type 157:188 ionic-covalent entanglement type 157:188 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 50 theme as 257:258 arg1 generator 278:286 as fibrillary matrix generator 257:286 aK; as fibrillary matrix generator 253:286 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 3 51 theme stem 673:676 arg1 cells 678:682 adipose-derived stem cells 657:682 adipose-derived stem cells 657:682 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 0 52 dep hydrogels 39:47 arg1 atelocollagen 77:89 The atelocollagen 73:89 The atelocollagen 73:89 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 0 52 dep hydrogels 39:47 arg1 polysaccharides 102:116 Oxidized polysaccharides 93:116 Oxidized polysaccharides 93:116 Biomacromolecular-based ionic-covalent hydrogels for cell encapsulation: The atelocollagen - Oxidized polysaccharides couples. 28504157 1 53 theme entanglement 172:183 arg1 type 185:188 ionic-covalent entanglement type 157:188 ionic-covalent entanglement type 157:188 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 5 54 theme appropriate 1094:1104 arg1 compositions 1106:1117 appropriate compositions 1094:1117 appropriate compositions for particular cell types 1094:1143 A larger range of material characteristics (from lax to stiff) and better laboratory maneuverability were demonstrated, which permit to design appropriate compositions for particular cell types. 28504157 1 55 theme fibrillary 260:269 arg1 generator 278:286 as fibrillary matrix generator 257:286 aK; as fibrillary matrix generator 253:286 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 3 56 link adipose-derived 657:671 arg1 cells 678:682 adipose-derived stem cells 657:682 adipose-derived stem cells 657:682 An original procedure and optimal hydrogel recipes were developed to encapsulate fibroblasts and adipose-derived stem cells, while preserving their viability and proliferative ability during ex vivo temporarily storage. 28504157 1 57 dep atelocollagen 238:250 arg1 aK 253:254 aK 253:254 aK; as fibrillary matrix generator 253:286 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 58 theme type 185:188 arg1 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation 451:493 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 58 theme type 185:188 arg1 networks 145:152 Mixed crosslinked networks 127:152 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type 127:188 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 59 theme matrix 271:276 arg1 generator 278:286 as fibrillary matrix generator 257:286 aK; as fibrillary matrix generator 253:286 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 60 link crosslinked 133:143 arg1 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels 451:459 hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation 451:493 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 1 60 link crosslinked 133:143 arg1 networks 145:152 Mixed crosslinked networks 127:152 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type 127:188 Mixed crosslinked networks of ionic-covalent entanglement type were prepared starting from ternary mixtures of atelocollagen (aK; as fibrillary matrix generator), sodium hyaluronate (NaHyal; a microfibrillation assistant), and oxidized polysaccharides (OxPolys; as both cross-linkers and matrix fillers), and were tested as hydrogels for eukaryotic cell encapsulation. 28504157 2 61 used used 554:557 arg2 pullulan 531:538 pullulan 531:538 pullulan (PullOx) 531:547 Either oxidized gellan (GellOx) or pullulan (PullOx) were used. 28504157 2 61 used used 554:557 arg2 GellOx 520:525 GellOx 520:525 GellOx 520:525 Either oxidized gellan (GellOx) or pullulan (PullOx) were used. 28504157 2 61 used used 554:557 arg2 PullOx 541:546 PullOx 541:546 PullOx 541:546 Either oxidized gellan (GellOx) or pullulan (PullOx) were used. 28504157 2 61 used used 554:557 arg2 gellan 512:517 oxidized gellan 503:517 oxidized gellan (GellOx) 503:526 Either oxidized gellan (GellOx) or pullulan (PullOx) were used. 25263858 0 0 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 structure 34:42 structure 34:42 structure 34:42 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 0 0 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 6 1 theme ultrasonic 918:927 arg1 treatment 929:937 ultrasonic treatment 918:937 ultrasonic treatment 918:937 But the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity was reduced, and the alpha-helicity was enhanced after ultrasonic treatment. 25263858 7 2 theme effective 988:996 arg1 way 998:1000 an effective way 985:1000 an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides 985:1052 It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides. 25263858 7 2 theme effective 988:996 arg1 treatment 972:980 ultrasonic treatment 961:980 ultrasonic treatment 961:980 It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides. 25263858 2 3 theme processing 358:367 arg1 min 480:482 400 W, 15 min 470:482 min 480:482 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 2 3 theme processing 358:367 arg1 condition 369:377 The ultrasonic processing condition 343:377 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides 343:400 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 0 4 theme mycelial 70:77 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 mycelial polysaccharides 70:93 mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii 70:115 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 2 5 theme ultrasonic 347:356 arg1 min 480:482 400 W, 15 min 470:482 min 480:482 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 2 5 theme ultrasonic 347:356 arg1 condition 369:377 The ultrasonic processing condition 343:377 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides 343:400 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 1 6 theme time 238:241 arg1 effect 210:215 the effect 206:215 the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides 206:323 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 34:42 structure 34:42 structure 34:42 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 5 8 theme monosaccharide 731:744 arg1 residues 746:753 monosaccharide residues 731:753 monosaccharide residues 731:753 The composition of monosaccharide residues and the category of glycosidic bond have not been changed. 25263858 4 9 theme ultrasonic 612:621 arg1 treatment 623:631 ultrasonic treatment 612:631 ultrasonic treatment 612:631 Results show that ultrasonic treatment did not change the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii. 25263858 3 10 theme polysaccharides 522:536 arg1 structures 508:517 structures 508:517 structures of polysaccharides 508:536 The change of structures of polysaccharides before and after ultrasonic treatment was also studied. 25263858 1 11 theme concentration 247:259 arg1 effect 210:215 the effect 206:215 the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides 206:323 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 5 12 theme residues 746:753 arg1 category 763:770 the category 759:770 the category of glycosidic bond 759:789 The composition of monosaccharide residues and the category of glycosidic bond have not been changed. 25263858 5 12 theme residues 746:753 arg1 composition 716:726 The composition 712:726 The composition of monosaccharide residues 712:753 The composition of monosaccharide residues and the category of glycosidic bond have not been changed. 25263858 1 13 from gunnii 165:170 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 mycelial polysaccharides 125:148 mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) 125:182 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 13 from gunnii 165:170 arg1 subject 197:203 the study subject 187:203 the study subject 187:203 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 0 14 from structure 34:42 arg1 Cordyceps 100:108 Cordyceps gunnii 100:115 Cordyceps gunnii 100:115 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 5 15 theme bond 786:789 arg1 category 763:770 the category 759:770 the category of glycosidic bond 759:789 The composition of monosaccharide residues and the category of glycosidic bond have not been changed. 25263858 5 15 theme bond 786:789 arg1 composition 716:726 The composition 712:726 The composition of monosaccharide residues 712:753 The composition of monosaccharide residues and the category of glycosidic bond have not been changed. 25263858 3 16 theme structures 508:517 arg1 change 498:503 The change 494:503 The change of structures of polysaccharides before and after ultrasonic treatment 494:574 The change of structures of polysaccharides before and after ultrasonic treatment was also studied. 25263858 5 17 theme glycosidic 775:784 arg1 bond 786:789 glycosidic bond 775:789 glycosidic bond 775:789 The composition of monosaccharide residues and the category of glycosidic bond have not been changed. 25263858 2 18 theme polysaccharides 386:400 arg1 min 480:482 400 W, 15 min 470:482 min 480:482 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 2 18 theme polysaccharides 386:400 arg1 condition 369:377 The ultrasonic processing condition 343:377 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides 343:400 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 3 19 theme ultrasonic 555:564 arg1 treatment 566:574 ultrasonic treatment 555:574 ultrasonic treatment 555:574 The change of structures of polysaccharides before and after ultrasonic treatment was also studied. 25263858 4 20 theme characteristic 652:665 arg1 attribute 667:675 the characteristic attribute 648:675 the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii 648:709 Results show that ultrasonic treatment did not change the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii. 25263858 0 21 theme treatment 21:29 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 0:116 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 1 22 theme polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 time 238:241 time 238:241 time 238:241 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 22 theme polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 power 231:235 ultrasonic power 220:235 ultrasonic power 220:235 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 22 theme polysaccharides 264:278 arg1 concentration 247:259 concentration 247:259 concentration 247:259 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 7 23 theme ultrasonic 961:970 arg1 way 998:1000 an effective way 985:1000 an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides 985:1052 It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides. 25263858 7 23 theme ultrasonic 961:970 arg1 treatment 972:980 ultrasonic treatment 961:980 ultrasonic treatment 961:980 It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides. 25263858 1 24 theme study 191:195 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 mycelial polysaccharides 125:148 mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) 125:182 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 24 theme study 191:195 arg1 subject 197:203 the study subject 187:203 the study subject 187:203 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 0 25 theme ultrasonic 10:19 arg1 treatment 21:29 ultrasonic treatment 10:29 ultrasonic treatment 10:29 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 1 26 dep gunnii 165:170 arg1 gunnii 176:181 C. gunnii 173:181 C. gunnii 173:181 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 2 27 theme orthogonal 425:434 arg1 design 441:446 orthogonal test design 425:446 orthogonal test design 425:446 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 2 28 theme W 474:474 arg1 min 480:482 400 W, 15 min 470:482 min 480:482 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 2 28 theme W 474:474 arg1 condition 369:377 The ultrasonic processing condition 343:377 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides 343:400 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 1 29 theme antitumor 283:291 arg1 activity 293:300 antitumor activity 283:300 antitumor activity of the polysaccharides 283:323 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 4 30 theme polysaccharides 680:694 arg1 attribute 667:675 the characteristic attribute 648:675 the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii 648:709 Results show that ultrasonic treatment did not change the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii. 25263858 0 31 theme antitumor 48:56 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 0 32 from activity 58:65 arg1 Cordyceps 100:108 Cordyceps gunnii 100:115 Cordyceps gunnii 100:115 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 7 33 theme polysaccharides 1038:1052 arg1 activity 1026:1033 antitumor activity 1016:1033 antitumor activity of polysaccharides 1016:1052 It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides. 25263858 6 34 theme intrinsic 843:851 arg1 viscosity 853:861 intrinsic viscosity 843:861 intrinsic viscosity 843:861 But the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity was reduced, and the alpha-helicity was enhanced after ultrasonic treatment. 25263858 1 35 theme mycelial 125:132 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 mycelial polysaccharides 125:148 mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) 125:182 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 35 theme mycelial 125:132 arg1 subject 197:203 the study subject 187:203 the study subject 187:203 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 36 theme polysaccharides 309:323 arg1 activity 293:300 antitumor activity 283:300 antitumor activity of the polysaccharides 283:323 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 37 from effect 210:215 arg1 activity 293:300 antitumor activity 283:300 antitumor activity of the polysaccharides 283:323 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 7 38 theme antitumor 1016:1024 arg1 activity 1026:1033 antitumor activity 1016:1033 antitumor activity of polysaccharides 1016:1052 It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing antitumor activity of polysaccharides. 25263858 0 39 from Cordyceps 100:108 arg1 structure 34:42 structure 34:42 structure 34:42 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 0 39 from Cordyceps 100:108 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 0 39 from Cordyceps 100:108 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 mycelial polysaccharides 70:93 mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii 70:115 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on structure and antitumor activity of mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. 25263858 6 40 theme molecular 822:830 arg1 weight 832:837 the molecular weight 818:837 the molecular weight 818:837 But the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity was reduced, and the alpha-helicity was enhanced after ultrasonic treatment. 25263858 2 41 theme test 436:439 arg1 design 441:446 orthogonal test design 425:446 orthogonal test design 425:446 The ultrasonic processing condition of the polysaccharides was optimized by using orthogonal test design, and determined to be 400 W, 15 min and 1g/L. 25263858 1 42 theme Cordyceps 155:163 arg1 gunnii 165:170 Cordyceps gunnii 155:170 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) 155:182 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 4 43 from gunnii 704:709 arg1 attribute 667:675 the characteristic attribute 648:675 the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii 648:709 Results show that ultrasonic treatment did not change the characteristic attribute of polysaccharides from C. gunnii. 25263858 1 44 theme ultrasonic 220:229 arg1 power 231:235 ultrasonic power 220:235 ultrasonic power 220:235 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25263858 1 45 theme power 231:235 arg1 effect 210:215 the effect 206:215 the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides 206:323 Taking mycelial polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) as the study subject, the effect of ultrasonic power, time and concentration of polysaccharides on antitumor activity of the polysaccharides was investigated. 25498676 0 0 theme pini 94:97 arg1 mycelium 72:79 mycelium 72:79 mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium 72:116 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 1 1 theme antioxidant 313:323 arg1 activity 325:332 the antioxidant activity 309:332 the antioxidant activity 309:332 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 5 2 contain has 857:859 arg2 agent 908:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 2 contain has 857:859 arg2 potential 873:881 significant potential 861:881 significant potential 861:881 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 2 contain has 857:859 arg1 PPM 853:855 PPM 853:855 PPM 853:855 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 2 3 theme average 339:345 arg1 kDa 413:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 2 3 theme average 339:345 arg1 weights 357:363 The average molecular weights 335:363 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE 335:378 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 1 4 theme pini 227:230 arg1 PPE 209:211 PPE 209:211 PPE 209:211 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 1 4 theme pini 227:230 arg1 medium 201:206 its culture medium 189:206 its culture medium (PPE) 189:212 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 1 4 theme pini 227:230 arg1 PPM 180:182 PPM 180:182 PPM 180:182 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 1 4 theme pini 227:230 arg1 mycelium 170:177 the mycelium 166:177 the mycelium (PPM) 166:183 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 0 5 theme Phellinus 84:92 arg1 pini 94:97 Phellinus pini 84:97 Phellinus pini 84:97 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 4 6 theme DPPH 691:694 arg1 radical 697:703 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 660:703 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 660:703 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 0 7 theme culture 103:109 arg1 medium 111:116 culture medium 103:116 culture medium 103:116 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 0 8 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 mycelium 72:79 mycelium 72:79 mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium 72:116 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 5 9 theme significant 861:871 arg1 potential 873:881 significant potential 861:881 significant potential 861:881 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 9 theme significant 861:871 arg1 agent 908:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 4 10 theme ferrous 735:741 arg1 ion 743:745 ferrous ion 735:745 ferrous ion 735:745 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 1 11 theme gel 238:240 arg1 filtration 242:251 gel filtration 238:251 gel filtration 238:251 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 4 12 theme hydroxyl 709:716 arg1 radical 718:724 hydroxyl radical 709:724 hydroxyl radical 709:724 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 4 13 theme antioxidant 614:624 arg1 assay 626:630 In vitro antioxidant assay 605:630 In vitro antioxidant assay 605:630 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 2 14 theme PPE 376:378 arg1 kDa 413:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 2 14 theme PPE 376:378 arg1 weights 357:363 The average molecular weights 335:363 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE 335:378 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 0 15 theme medium 111:116 arg1 mycelium 72:79 mycelium 72:79 mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium 72:116 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 1 16 dep polysaccharides 123:137 arg1 isolated 139:146 isolated 139:146 isolated 139:146 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 1 16 dep polysaccharides 123:137 arg1 purified 152:159 purified 152:159 purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration 152:251 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 2 17 theme PPM 368:370 arg1 kDa 413:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 2 17 theme PPM 368:370 arg1 weights 357:363 The average molecular weights 335:363 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE 335:378 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 5 18 theme PPM 800:802 arg1 activities 786:795 The antioxidant activities 770:795 The antioxidant activities of PPM 770:802 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 18 theme PPM 800:802 arg1 stronger 809:816 stronger 809:816 stronger 809:816 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 3 19 with heteropolysaccharides 462:482 arg1 ratios 545:550 molecular ratios 535:550 molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76 535:588 PPM and PPE were both neutral heteropolysaccharides consisting of mannose, galactose, and glucose with molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76, respectively. 25498676 0 20 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 3 21 theme molecular 535:543 arg1 ratios 545:550 molecular ratios 535:550 molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76 535:588 PPM and PPE were both neutral heteropolysaccharides consisting of mannose, galactose, and glucose with molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76, respectively. 25498676 1 22 theme culture 193:199 arg1 PPE 209:211 PPE 209:211 PPE 209:211 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 1 22 theme culture 193:199 arg1 medium 201:206 its culture medium 189:206 its culture medium (PPE) 189:212 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 1 23 theme composition 271:281 arg1 analysis 283:290 composition analysis 271:290 composition analysis 271:290 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25498676 3 24 theme 38.40:1.00:1.76 574:588 arg1 ratios 545:550 molecular ratios 535:550 molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76 535:588 PPM and PPE were both neutral heteropolysaccharides consisting of mannose, galactose, and glucose with molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76, respectively. 25498676 5 25 theme antioxidant 774:784 arg1 activities 786:795 The antioxidant activities 770:795 The antioxidant activities of PPM 770:802 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 25 theme antioxidant 774:784 arg1 stronger 809:816 stronger 809:816 stronger 809:816 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 0 26 from mycelium 72:79 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 0 26 from mycelium 72:79 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 0 26 from mycelium 72:79 arg1 polysaccharides 51:65 the polysaccharides 47:65 the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium 47:116 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 3 27 theme 2.99:1.00:0.34 555:568 arg1 ratios 545:550 molecular ratios 535:550 molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76 535:588 PPM and PPE were both neutral heteropolysaccharides consisting of mannose, galactose, and glucose with molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76, respectively. 25498676 3 28 theme neutral 454:460 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 462:482 both neutral heteropolysaccharides 449:482 both neutral heteropolysaccharides consisting of mannose, galactose, and glucose 449:528 PPM and PPE were both neutral heteropolysaccharides consisting of mannose, galactose, and glucose with molecular ratios of 2.99:1.00:0.34 and 38.40:1.00:1.76, respectively. 25498676 0 29 theme polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 0 29 theme polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 5 30 theme natural 888:894 arg1 potential 873:881 significant potential 861:881 significant potential 861:881 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 30 theme natural 888:894 arg1 agent 908:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 4 31 dep In 605:606 arg1 vitro 608:612 vitro 608:612 vitro 608:612 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 5 32 theme antioxidant 896:906 arg1 potential 873:881 significant potential 861:881 significant potential 861:881 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 5 32 theme antioxidant 896:906 arg1 agent 908:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 a natural antioxidant agent 886:912 The antioxidant activities of PPM were stronger than those of PPE, suggesting that PPM has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25498676 4 33 theme ferric 758:763 arg1 ion 765:767 ferric ion 758:767 ferric ion 758:767 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 4 34 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 660:688 arg1 radical 697:703 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 660:703 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 660:703 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 0 35 from activities 33:42 arg1 mycelium 72:79 mycelium 72:79 mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium 72:116 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from mycelium of Phellinus pini and culture medium. 25498676 4 36 theme In 605:606 arg1 assay 626:630 In vitro antioxidant assay 605:630 In vitro antioxidant assay 605:630 In vitro antioxidant assay, PPM and PPE could scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25498676 2 37 theme molecular 347:355 arg1 kDa 413:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa 385:415 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 2 37 theme molecular 347:355 arg1 weights 357:363 The average molecular weights 335:363 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE 335:378 The average molecular weights of PPM and PPE were approximately 22.0 and 38.0 kDa, respectively. 25498676 1 38 theme Phellinus 217:225 arg1 pini 227:230 Phellinus pini 217:230 Phellinus pini 217:230 Two polysaccharides isolated and purified from the mycelium (PPM) and its culture medium (PPE) of Phellinus pini using gel filtration were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 26714061 7 0 theme compositional 1235:1247 arg1 analysis 1249:1256 Disaccharide compositional analysis 1222:1256 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin 1222:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 2 1 theme mixtures 377:384 arg1 analysis 339:346 rapid analysis 333:346 rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures 333:384 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 8 2 theme CE 1359:1360 arg1 separation 1362:1371 normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS 1343:1415 separation 1362:1371 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 3 3 theme separation 564:573 arg1 times 575:579 long separation times 559:579 long separation times 559:579 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 3 theme separation 564:573 arg1 resolution 586:595 low resolution 582:595 low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures 582:623 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 3 theme separation 564:573 arg1 incompatibility 626:640 incompatibility 626:640 incompatibility of eluents 626:651 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 2 4 with conjunction 287:297 arg1 spectrometry 309:320 mass spectrometry 304:320 mass spectrometry (MS) 304:325 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 2 4 with conjunction 287:297 arg1 MS 323:324 MS 323:324 MS 323:324 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 3 5 theme oligosaccharide 600:614 arg1 mixtures 616:623 oligosaccharide mixtures 600:623 oligosaccharide mixtures 600:623 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 5 6 theme methanol-formic 962:976 arg1 fluid 990:994 a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid 960:994 a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid 960:994 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 8 7 theme electrospray 1390:1401 arg1 MS 1414:1415 normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS 1343:1415 MS 1414:1415 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 8 theme peak 1500:1503 arg1 area 1505:1508 peak area 1500:1508 peak area 1500:1508 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 5 9 theme volatile 914:921 arg1 electrolyte 944:954 a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte 912:954 a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte 912:954 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 5 10 theme bicarbonate 932:942 arg1 electrolyte 944:954 a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte 912:954 a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte 912:954 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 8 11 theme normal 1343:1348 arg1 separation 1362:1371 normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS 1343:1415 separation 1362:1371 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 6 12 theme heparin 1036:1042 arg1 oligosaccharides 1044:1059 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides 1020:1059 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides 1020:1059 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 8 13 theme excellent 1418:1426 arg1 reproducibility 1439:1453 excellent run-to-run reproducibility 1418:1453 excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) 1418:1546 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 4 14 theme electrokinetic 789:802 arg1 electrophoresis 825:839 electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis 789:839 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 4 14 theme electrokinetic 789:802 arg1 CE 842:843 CE 842:843 CE 842:843 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 8 15 theme ng/mL 1600:1604 arg1 quantification 1574:1587 quantification 1574:1587 quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL 1574:1604 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 16 theme relative 1456:1463 arg1 deviation 1474:1482 relative standard deviation 1456:1482 relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time 1456:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 0 17 theme Oligosaccharides 72:87 arg1 Analysis 52:59 the Analysis 48:59 the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin 48:120 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 2 18 theme Hyphenated 262:271 arg1 techniques 273:282 Hyphenated techniques 262:282 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) 262:325 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 5 19 theme sheath 983:988 arg1 fluid 990:994 a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid 960:994 a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid 960:994 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 4 20 theme oligosaccharides 758:773 arg1 analysis 728:735 the analysis 724:735 the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides 724:773 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 0 21 theme Low 93:95 arg1 Heparin 114:120 Low Molecular Weight Heparin 93:120 Low Molecular Weight Heparin 93:120 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 6 22 theme molecular 1096:1104 arg1 heparins 1113:1120 low molecular weight heparins 1092:1120 low molecular weight heparins 1092:1120 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 8 23 theme detection 1619:1627 arg1 limit 1610:1614 limit 1610:1614 limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL 1610:1644 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 23 theme detection 1619:1627 arg1 limit 1565:1569 limit 1565:1569 limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL 1565:1604 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 1 24 dep sulfated 140:147 arg1 linear 150:155 linear 150:155 linear 150:155 Heparins, highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides also known as glycosaminoglycans, are among the most challenging biopolymers to analyze. 26714061 0 25 theme Weight 107:112 arg1 Heparin 114:120 Low Molecular Weight Heparin 93:120 Low Molecular Weight Heparin 93:120 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 4 26 theme novel 783:787 arg1 -MS 845:847 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 7 27 theme weight 1304:1309 arg1 heparin 1311:1317 low molecular weight heparin 1290:1317 low molecular weight heparin 1290:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 4 28 theme capillary 815:823 arg1 electrophoresis 825:839 electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis 789:839 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 4 28 theme capillary 815:823 arg1 CE 842:843 CE 842:843 CE 842:843 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 0 29 theme Capillary 0:8 arg1 Spectrometry 31:42 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry 0:42 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 0:121 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 2 30 from techniques 273:282 arg1 conjunction 287:297 conjunction 287:297 conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) 287:325 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 6 31 theme time 1154:1157 arg1 frame 1159:1163 a 10 min time frame 1145:1163 a 10 min time frame 1145:1163 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 3 32 theme long 559:562 arg1 times 575:579 long separation times 559:579 long separation times 559:579 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 32 theme long 559:562 arg1 resolution 586:595 low resolution 582:595 low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures 582:623 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 32 theme long 559:562 arg1 incompatibility 626:640 incompatibility 626:640 incompatibility of eluents 626:651 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 6 33 theme 10 1147:1148 arg1 min 1150:1152 min 1150:1152 min 1150:1152 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 3 34 theme analytical 449:458 arg1 approaches 460:469 Previous analytical approaches 440:469 Previous analytical approaches 440:469 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 7 35 theme low 1290:1292 arg1 heparin 1311:1317 low molecular weight heparin 1290:1317 low molecular weight heparin 1290:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 3 36 theme liquid 492:497 arg1 chromatography 499:512 liquid chromatography 492:512 liquid chromatography (LC)-MS 492:520 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 36 theme liquid 492:497 arg1 LC 515:516 LC 515:516 LC 515:516 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 5 37 theme CE 860:861 arg1 separation 863:872 CE separation 860:872 CE separation 860:872 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 3 38 theme oligosaccharide 672:686 arg1 derivatization 688:701 oligosaccharide derivatization 672:701 oligosaccharide derivatization 672:701 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 8 39 theme migration 1532:1540 arg1 time 1542:1545 peak migration time 1527:1545 peak migration time 1527:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 2 40 theme glycosaminoglycan 359:375 arg1 mixtures 377:384 complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures 351:384 complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures 351:384 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 2 41 theme detailed 397:404 arg1 data 434:437 detailed structural and quantitative data 397:437 detailed structural and quantitative data 397:437 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 7 42 theme Disaccharide 1222:1233 arg1 analysis 1249:1256 Disaccharide compositional analysis 1222:1256 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin 1222:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 6 43 theme online 1001:1006 arg1 analyses 1008:1015 The online analyses 997:1015 The online analyses 997:1015 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 2 44 theme mass 304:307 arg1 spectrometry 309:320 mass spectrometry 304:320 mass spectrometry (MS) 304:325 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 2 44 theme mass 304:307 arg1 MS 323:324 MS 323:324 MS 323:324 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 8 45 theme polarity 1350:1357 arg1 separation 1362:1371 normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS 1343:1415 separation 1362:1371 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 2 46 theme rapid 333:337 arg1 analysis 339:346 rapid analysis 333:346 rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures 333:384 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 3 47 theme low 582:584 arg1 times 575:579 long separation times 559:579 long separation times 559:579 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 47 theme low 582:584 arg1 resolution 586:595 low resolution 582:595 low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures 582:623 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 8 48 theme standard 1465:1472 arg1 deviation 1474:1482 relative standard deviation 1456:1482 relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time 1456:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 49 theme positive-ion 1377:1388 arg1 MS 1414:1415 normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS 1343:1415 MS 1414:1415 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 5 50 theme ammonium 923:930 arg1 electrolyte 944:954 a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte 912:954 a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte 912:954 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 6 51 theme oligosaccharides 1044:1059 arg1 analyses 1008:1015 The online analyses 997:1015 The online analyses 997:1015 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 8 52 theme quantification 1574:1587 arg1 limit 1610:1614 limit 1610:1614 limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL 1610:1644 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 52 theme quantification 1574:1587 arg1 limit 1565:1569 limit 1565:1569 limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL 1565:1604 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 53 theme ionization 1403:1412 arg1 MS 1414:1415 normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS 1343:1415 MS 1414:1415 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 7 54 theme heparin 1311:1317 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 top-down analysis 1269:1285 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin 1222:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 7 54 theme heparin 1311:1317 arg1 analysis 1249:1256 Disaccharide compositional analysis 1222:1256 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin 1222:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 3 55 theme mixtures 616:623 arg1 times 575:579 long separation times 559:579 long separation times 559:579 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 55 theme mixtures 616:623 arg1 resolution 586:595 low resolution 582:595 low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures 582:623 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 8 56 dep sensitivity 1552:1562 arg1 limit 1610:1614 limit 1610:1614 limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL 1610:1644 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 8 56 dep sensitivity 1552:1562 arg1 limit 1565:1569 limit 1565:1569 limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL 1565:1604 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 6 57 theme sulfated 1027:1034 arg1 oligosaccharides 1044:1059 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides 1020:1059 highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides 1020:1059 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 1 58 theme sulfated 140:147 arg1 polysaccharides 157:171 highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides 133:171 highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides also known as glycosaminoglycans 133:204 Heparins, highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides also known as glycosaminoglycans, are among the most challenging biopolymers to analyze. 26714061 1 58 theme sulfated 140:147 arg1 Heparins 123:130 Heparins 123:130 Heparins 123:130 Heparins, highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides also known as glycosaminoglycans, are among the most challenging biopolymers to analyze. 26714061 8 59 theme run-to-run 1428:1437 arg1 reproducibility 1439:1453 excellent run-to-run reproducibility 1418:1453 excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) 1418:1546 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 3 60 theme eluents 645:651 arg1 incompatibility 626:640 incompatibility 626:640 incompatibility of eluents 626:651 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 60 theme eluents 645:651 arg1 times 575:579 long separation times 559:579 long separation times 559:579 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 5 61 theme acid 978:981 arg1 fluid 990:994 a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid 960:994 a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid 960:994 CE separation and electrospray were optimized using a volatile ammonium bicarbonate electrolyte and a methanol-formic acid sheath fluid. 26714061 3 62 contain have 532:535 arg2 limitations 537:547 limitations 537:547 limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents 537:651 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 62 contain have 532:535 arg1 some 527:530 some 527:530 some 527:530 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 3 62 contain have 532:535 arg2 times 575:579 long separation times 559:579 long separation times 559:579 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 0 63 theme Molecular 97:105 arg1 Heparin 114:120 Low Molecular Weight Heparin 93:120 Low Molecular Weight Heparin 93:120 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 6 64 theme weight 1106:1111 arg1 heparins 1113:1120 low molecular weight heparins 1092:1120 low molecular weight heparins 1092:1120 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 4 65 theme glycosaminoglycan 740:756 arg1 oligosaccharides 758:773 glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides 740:773 glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides 740:773 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 0 66 theme Heparin 114:120 arg1 Analysis 52:59 the Analysis 48:59 the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin 48:120 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 6 67 theme low 1092:1094 arg1 heparins 1113:1120 low molecular weight heparins 1092:1120 low molecular weight heparins 1092:1120 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 8 68 theme ng/mL 1640:1644 arg1 detection 1619:1627 detection 1619:1627 detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL 1619:1644 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 7 69 theme molecular 1294:1302 arg1 heparin 1311:1317 low molecular weight heparin 1290:1317 low molecular weight heparin 1290:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 8 70 theme % 1494:1494 arg1 deviation 1474:1482 relative standard deviation 1456:1482 relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time 1456:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 2 71 theme quantitative 421:432 arg1 data 434:437 detailed structural and quantitative data 397:437 detailed structural and quantitative data 397:437 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 0 72 theme Electrophoresis-Mass 10:29 arg1 Spectrometry 31:42 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry 0:42 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 0:121 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 4 73 theme pump-based 804:813 arg1 electrophoresis 825:839 electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis 789:839 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 4 73 theme pump-based 804:813 arg1 CE 842:843 CE 842:843 CE 842:843 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 2 74 theme structural 406:415 arg1 data 434:437 detailed structural and quantitative data 397:437 detailed structural and quantitative data 397:437 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 7 75 theme top-down 1269:1276 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 top-down analysis 1269:1285 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin 1222:1317 Disaccharide compositional analysis as well as top-down analysis of low molecular weight heparin was demonstrated. 26714061 6 76 theme min 1150:1152 arg1 frame 1159:1163 a 10 min time frame 1145:1163 a 10 min time frame 1145:1163 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26714061 4 77 theme electrophoresis 825:839 arg1 -MS 845:847 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS 781:847 This study examines the analysis of glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides using a novel electrokinetic pump-based capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS interface. 26714061 1 78 theme most 221:224 arg1 biopolymers 238:248 the most challenging biopolymers 217:248 the most challenging biopolymers 217:248 Heparins, highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides also known as glycosaminoglycans, are among the most challenging biopolymers to analyze. 26714061 8 79 theme % 1521:1521 arg1 deviation 1474:1482 relative standard deviation 1456:1482 relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time 1456:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 3 80 theme chromatography 499:512 arg1 -MS 518:520 liquid chromatography (LC)-MS 492:520 liquid chromatography (LC)-MS 492:520 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 0 81 theme Heparin 64:70 arg1 Oligosaccharides 72:87 Heparin Oligosaccharides 64:87 Heparin Oligosaccharides 64:87 Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin. 26714061 3 82 theme Previous 440:447 arg1 approaches 460:469 Previous analytical approaches 440:469 Previous analytical approaches 440:469 Previous analytical approaches have often relied on liquid chromatography (LC)-MS, and some have limitations including long separation times, low resolution of oligosaccharide mixtures, incompatibility of eluents, and often require oligosaccharide derivatization. 26714061 8 83 theme peak 1527:1530 arg1 time 1542:1545 peak migration time 1527:1545 peak migration time 1527:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 2 84 theme complex 351:357 arg1 mixtures 377:384 complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures 351:384 complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures 351:384 Hyphenated techniques in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) offer rapid analysis of complex glycosaminoglycan mixtures, providing detailed structural and quantitative data. 26714061 8 85 dep reproducibility 1439:1453 arg1 deviation 1474:1482 relative standard deviation 1456:1482 relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time 1456:1545 Using normal polarity CE separation and positive-ion electrospray ionization MS, excellent run-to-run reproducibility (relative standard deviation of 3.6-5.1% for peak area and 0.2-0.4% for peak migration time) and sensitivity (limit of quantification of 2.0-5.9 ng/mL and limit of detection of 0.6-1.8 ng/mL) could be achieved. 26714061 1 86 theme challenging 226:236 arg1 biopolymers 238:248 the most challenging biopolymers 217:248 the most challenging biopolymers 217:248 Heparins, highly sulfated, linear polysaccharides also known as glycosaminoglycans, are among the most challenging biopolymers to analyze. 26714061 6 87 theme higher-throughput 1194:1210 arg1 analysis 1212:1219 higher-throughput analysis 1194:1219 higher-throughput analysis 1194:1219 The online analyses of highly sulfated heparin oligosaccharides, ranging from disaccharides to low molecular weight heparins, were performed within a 10 min time frame, offering an opportunity for higher-throughput analysis. 26694071 8 0 theme EPS 1231:1233 arg1 production 1243:1252 the EPS and IPS production 1227:1252 production 1243:1252 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 6 1 theme performance 977:987 arg1 chromatography 996:1009 high performance liquid chromatography 972:1009 high performance liquid chromatography 972:1009 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. 26694071 5 2 theme rotation 705:712 arg1 capacity 695:702 medium capacity 688:702 medium capacity 688:702 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 2 theme rotation 705:712 arg1 speed 714:718 rotation speed 705:718 rotation speed 705:718 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 8 3 theme IPS 1239:1241 arg1 production 1243:1252 the EPS and IPS production 1227:1252 production 1243:1252 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 15 4 dep EPS 1980:1982 arg1 fractions 1992:2000 fractions 1992:2000 fractions 1992:2000 However, both EPS and IPS fractions showed broad spectrum for all the pathogenic microbial strains tested. 26694071 11 5 theme reducing 1611:1618 arg1 power 1620:1624 reducing power 1611:1624 reducing power 1611:1624 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 9 6 theme EPS 1290:1292 arg1 production 1302:1311 EPS and IPS production 1290:1311 EPS and IPS production 1290:1311 EPS and IPS production was observed to vary with different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio. 26694071 8 7 theme culture 1270:1276 arg1 conditions 1278:1287 submerged culture conditions 1260:1287 submerged culture conditions 1260:1287 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 9 8 theme IPS 1298:1300 arg1 production 1302:1311 EPS and IPS production 1290:1311 EPS and IPS production 1290:1311 EPS and IPS production was observed to vary with different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio. 26694071 1 9 theme Jin 203:205 arg1 Hua 212:214 Jin Chan Hua 203:214 Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine 203:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 1 9 theme Jin 203:205 arg1 cicadae 183:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 12 10 theme IPS 1691:1693 arg1 activities 1669:1678 Antimicrobial activities 1655:1678 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS 1655:1693 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS varied among the tested bacterial strains. 26694071 17 11 theme industrial 2347:2356 arg1 fermentation 2358:2369 large scale industrial fermentation 2335:2369 large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2335:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 12 theme submerged 2168:2176 arg1 culture 2178:2184 submerged culture 2168:2184 submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential 2168:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 0 13 theme Cordyceps 143:151 arg1 cicadae 153:159 Cordyceps cicadae 143:159 Cordyceps cicadae 143:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 7 14 theme standard 1106:1113 arg1 procedures 1115:1124 different standard procedures 1096:1124 different standard procedures 1096:1124 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. 26694071 1 15 theme Traditional 219:229 arg1 Medicine 239:246 Traditional Chinese Medicine 219:246 Traditional Chinese Medicine 219:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 0 16 from activities 65:74 arg1 culture 132:138 submerged culture 122:138 submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 122:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 17 17 dep CONCLUSIONS 2128:2138 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2128:2138 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production 2128:2161 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential 2128:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 17 dep CONCLUSIONS 2128:2138 arg1 EPS 2140:2142 EPS 2140:2142 EPS 2140:2142 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 17 dep CONCLUSIONS 2128:2138 arg1 production 2152:2161 IPS production 2148:2161 IPS production 2148:2161 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 5 18 theme intracellular 605:617 arg1 IPS 636:638 IPS 636:638 IPS 636:638 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 18 theme intracellular 605:617 arg1 polysaccharides 619:633 intracellular polysaccharides 605:633 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 605:650 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 12 19 theme EPS 1683:1685 arg1 activities 1669:1678 Antimicrobial activities 1655:1678 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS 1655:1693 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS varied among the tested bacterial strains. 26694071 17 20 theme cicadae 2377:2383 arg1 fermentation 2358:2369 large scale industrial fermentation 2335:2369 large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2335:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 11 21 theme ABTS 1577:1580 arg1 activity 1601:1608 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1577:1608 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1577:1608 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 5 22 theme polysaccharides 619:633 arg1 METHODS 567:573 METHODS 567:573 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 567:650 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 22 theme polysaccharides 619:633 arg1 production 641:650 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 605:650 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 605:650 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 7 23 theme different 1096:1104 arg1 procedures 1115:1124 different standard procedures 1096:1124 different standard procedures 1096:1124 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. 26694071 9 24 theme nitrogen 1360:1367 arg1 sources 1369:1375 different carbon and nitrogen sources 1339:1375 sources 1369:1375 EPS and IPS production was observed to vary with different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio. 26694071 7 25 theme bacterial 1062:1070 arg1 strains 1072:1078 eight bacterial strains 1056:1078 eight bacterial strains 1056:1078 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. 26694071 1 26 theme BACKGROUND 162:171 arg1 Hua 212:214 Jin Chan Hua 203:214 Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine 203:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 1 26 theme BACKGROUND 162:171 arg1 cicadae 183:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 17 27 theme factors 2305:2311 arg1 combination 2282:2292 the combination 2278:2292 the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2278:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 0 28 theme exo 79:81 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 exo and intracellular polysaccharides 79:115 exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 79:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 13 29 theme bacterial 1799:1807 arg1 strains 1809:1815 the tested bacterial strains 1788:1815 all the tested bacterial strains 1784:1815 IPS showed slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains as compared to EPS. 26694071 11 30 theme scavenging 1590:1599 arg1 activity 1601:1608 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1577:1608 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1577:1608 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 0 31 theme intracellular 87:99 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 exo and intracellular polysaccharides 79:115 exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 79:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 8 32 theme Factors 1135:1141 arg1 viz. 1143:1146 Factors viz. 1135:1146 Factors viz. 1135:1146 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 32 theme Factors 1135:1141 arg1 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature 1127:1216 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 7 33 theme antimicrobial 1028:1040 arg1 activities 1042:1051 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities 1012:1051 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains 1012:1078 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. 26694071 17 34 with culture 2178:2184 arg1 antioxidant 2217:2227 significant antioxidant 2205:2227 significant antioxidant 2205:2227 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 34 with culture 2178:2184 arg1 potential 2247:2255 antibacterial potential 2233:2255 antibacterial potential 2233:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 4 35 theme extracted 513:521 arg1 polysaccharides 523:537 extracted polysaccharides 513:537 extracted polysaccharides 513:537 Besides antioxidant, antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides were tested for first time. 26694071 13 36 theme inhibition 1765:1774 arg1 rate 1776:1779 slightly higher inhibition rate 1749:1779 slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains 1749:1815 IPS showed slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains as compared to EPS. 26694071 7 37 theme Antioxidant 1012:1022 arg1 activities 1042:1051 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities 1012:1051 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains 1012:1078 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. 26694071 11 38 theme Extracted 1468:1476 arg1 EPS 1478:1480 EPS 1478:1480 EPS 1478:1480 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 17 39 theme large 2335:2339 arg1 fermentation 2358:2369 large scale industrial fermentation 2335:2369 large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2335:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 40 theme several 2297:2303 arg1 factors 2305:2311 several factors 2297:2311 several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2297:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 11 41 theme higher 1497:1502 arg1 potential 1516:1524 higher antioxidant potential 1497:1524 higher antioxidant potential 1497:1524 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 12 42 theme bacterial 1719:1727 arg1 strains 1729:1735 the tested bacterial strains 1708:1735 the tested bacterial strains 1708:1735 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS varied among the tested bacterial strains. 26694071 11 43 theme radical 1548:1554 arg1 activity 1567:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 5 44 theme one-factor-at-a-time 852:871 arg1 method 873:878 one-factor-at-a-time method 852:878 one-factor-at-a-time method 852:878 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 8 45 theme rotation 1166:1173 arg1 speed 1175:1179 rotation speed 1166:1179 rotation speed 1166:1179 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 45 theme rotation 1166:1173 arg1 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature 1127:1216 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 3 46 theme submerged 434:442 arg1 conditions 452:461 submerged culture conditions 434:461 submerged culture conditions 434:461 Mycelial culture was optimized for extraction of polysaccharides under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 16 47 theme extracts 2093:2100 arg1 MIC 2077:2079 The MIC 2073:2079 The MIC of both the extracts 2073:2100 The MIC of both the extracts ranged from 60-100 mg/mL. 26694071 11 48 theme significant 1531:1541 arg1 activity 1567:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 3 49 theme culture 444:450 arg1 conditions 452:461 submerged culture conditions 434:461 submerged culture conditions 434:461 Mycelial culture was optimized for extraction of polysaccharides under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 6 50 theme polysaccharides 912:926 arg1 composition 897:907 Monosaccharides composition 881:907 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae 881:949 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. 26694071 3 51 theme polysaccharides 412:426 arg1 extraction 398:407 extraction 398:407 extraction of polysaccharides under submerged culture conditions 398:461 Mycelial culture was optimized for extraction of polysaccharides under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 15 52 theme microbial 2047:2055 arg1 strains 2057:2063 all the pathogenic microbial strains 2028:2063 all the pathogenic microbial strains tested 2028:2070 However, both EPS and IPS fractions showed broad spectrum for all the pathogenic microbial strains tested. 26694071 17 53 theme cicadae 2192:2198 arg1 culture 2178:2184 submerged culture 2168:2184 submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential 2168:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 54 from culture 2178:2184 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2128:2138 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production 2128:2161 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential 2128:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 54 from culture 2178:2184 arg1 EPS 2140:2142 EPS 2140:2142 EPS 2140:2142 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 54 from culture 2178:2184 arg1 production 2152:2161 IPS production 2148:2161 IPS production 2148:2161 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 14 55 theme IPS 1865:1867 arg1 zones 1856:1860 Maximum inhibition zones 1837:1860 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) 1837:1907 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 0 56 from composition 22:32 arg1 culture 132:138 submerged culture 122:138 submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 122:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 17 57 theme significant 2205:2215 arg1 antioxidant 2217:2227 significant antioxidant 2205:2227 significant antioxidant 2205:2227 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 1 58 theme Chinese 231:237 arg1 Medicine 239:246 Traditional Chinese Medicine 219:246 Traditional Chinese Medicine 219:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 10 59 theme polysaccharides 1434:1448 arg1 Glucose 1399:1405 Glucose 1399:1405 Glucose 1399:1405 Glucose was the major component of polysaccharides (63.10 ± 4.15 %). 26694071 10 59 theme polysaccharides 1434:1448 arg1 component 1421:1429 the major component 1411:1429 the major component of polysaccharides 1411:1448 Glucose was the major component of polysaccharides (63.10 ± 4.15 %). 26694071 14 60 theme Maximum 1837:1843 arg1 zones 1856:1860 Maximum inhibition zones 1837:1860 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) 1837:1907 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 6 61 theme liquid 989:994 arg1 chromatography 996:1009 high performance liquid chromatography 972:1009 high performance liquid chromatography 972:1009 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. 26694071 0 62 from culture 132:138 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 exo and intracellular polysaccharides 79:115 exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 79:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 62 from culture 132:138 arg1 activities 65:74 antimicrobial activities 51:74 antimicrobial activities 51:74 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 62 from culture 132:138 arg1 composition 22:32 composition 22:32 composition 22:32 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 62 from culture 132:138 arg1 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 62 from culture 132:138 arg1 antioxidant 35:45 antioxidant 35:45 antioxidant 35:45 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 6 63 theme high 972:975 arg1 chromatography 996:1009 high performance liquid chromatography 972:1009 high performance liquid chromatography 972:1009 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. 26694071 11 64 theme iron 1630:1633 arg1 activity 1645:1652 iron chelating activity 1630:1652 iron chelating activity 1630:1652 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 1 65 theme different 269:277 arg1 activities 295:304 different pharmacological activities 269:304 different pharmacological activities 269:304 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 pH 1199:1200 pH 1199:1200 pH 1199:1200 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature 1127:1216 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 viz. 1143:1146 Factors viz. 1135:1146 Factors viz. 1135:1146 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 speed 1175:1179 rotation speed 1166:1179 rotation speed 1166:1179 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 temperature 1206:1216 temperature 1206:1216 temperature 1206:1216 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 capacity 1156:1163 medium capacity 1149:1163 medium capacity 1149:1163 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 66 dep RESULTS 1127:1133 arg1 time 1193:1196 incubation time 1182:1196 incubation time 1182:1196 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 10 67 dep component 1421:1429 arg1 % 1464:1464 63.10 ± 4.15 % 1451:1464 63.10 ± 4.15 % 1451:1464 Glucose was the major component of polysaccharides (63.10 ± 4.15 %). 26694071 5 68 theme medium 688:693 arg1 temperature 742:752 temperature 742:752 temperature 742:752 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 68 theme medium 688:693 arg1 pH 721:722 pH 721:722 pH 721:722 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 68 theme medium 688:693 arg1 capacity 695:702 medium capacity 688:702 medium capacity 688:702 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 68 theme medium 688:693 arg1 speed 714:718 rotation speed 705:718 rotation speed 705:718 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 68 theme medium 688:693 arg1 time 736:739 incubation time 725:739 incubation time 725:739 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 8 69 theme submerged 1260:1268 arg1 conditions 1278:1287 submerged culture conditions 1260:1287 submerged culture conditions 1260:1287 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 5 70 dep ratio 813:817 arg1 to 801:802 to 801:802 to 801:802 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 17 71 theme IPS 2148:2150 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 2128:2138 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production 2128:2161 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential 2128:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 17 71 theme IPS 2148:2150 arg1 production 2152:2161 IPS production 2148:2161 IPS production 2148:2161 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 11 72 theme chelating 1635:1643 arg1 activity 1645:1652 iron chelating activity 1630:1652 iron chelating activity 1630:1652 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 1 73 theme Chan 207:210 arg1 Hua 212:214 Jin Chan Hua 203:214 Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine 203:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 1 73 theme Chan 207:210 arg1 cicadae 183:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 4 74 theme antibacterial 485:497 arg1 activities 499:508 antibacterial activities 485:508 antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides 485:537 Besides antioxidant, antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides were tested for first time. 26694071 5 75 dep METHODS 567:573 arg1 EPS 596:598 EPS 596:598 EPS 596:598 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 75 dep METHODS 567:573 arg1 METHODS 567:573 METHODS 567:573 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 567:650 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 75 dep METHODS 567:573 arg1 production 641:650 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 605:650 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production 605:650 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 75 dep METHODS 567:573 arg1 Exo-polysaccharides 575:593 Exo-polysaccharides 575:593 Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) 575:599 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 0 76 theme cicadae 153:159 arg1 culture 132:138 submerged culture 122:138 submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 122:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 14 77 theme % 1959:1959 arg1 con 1961:1963 10 % con 1956:1963 10 % con 1956:1963 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 14 78 located observed 1913:1920 arg1 con 1961:1963 10 % con 1956:1963 10 % con 1956:1963 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 14 78 located observed 1913:1920 arg2 zones 1856:1860 Maximum inhibition zones 1837:1860 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) 1837:1907 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 5 79 dep minerals 773:780 arg1 sources 782:788 sources 782:788 sources 782:788 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 1 80 dep different 269:277 arg1 pharmacological 279:293 pharmacological 279:293 pharmacological 279:293 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 15 81 theme broad 2009:2013 arg1 spectrum 2015:2022 broad spectrum 2009:2022 broad spectrum for all the pathogenic microbial strains tested 2009:2070 However, both EPS and IPS fractions showed broad spectrum for all the pathogenic microbial strains tested. 26694071 5 82 theme incubation 725:734 arg1 time 736:739 incubation time 725:739 incubation time 725:739 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 82 theme incubation 725:734 arg1 capacity 695:702 medium capacity 688:702 medium capacity 688:702 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 9 83 theme different 1339:1347 arg1 carbon 1349:1354 different carbon and nitrogen sources 1339:1375 carbon 1349:1354 EPS and IPS production was observed to vary with different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio. 26694071 1 84 from Hua 212:214 arg1 Medicine 239:246 Traditional Chinese Medicine 219:246 Traditional Chinese Medicine 219:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 11 85 theme scavenging 1556:1565 arg1 activity 1567:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 1 86 contain possess 261:267 arg1 Hua 212:214 Jin Chan Hua 203:214 Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine 203:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 1 86 contain possess 261:267 arg2 activities 295:304 different pharmacological activities 269:304 different pharmacological activities 269:304 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 1 86 contain possess 261:267 arg1 cicadae 183:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 12 87 theme Antimicrobial 1655:1667 arg1 activities 1669:1678 Antimicrobial activities 1655:1678 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS 1655:1693 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS varied among the tested bacterial strains. 26694071 4 88 theme first 555:559 arg1 time 561:564 first time 555:564 first time 555:564 Besides antioxidant, antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides were tested for first time. 26694071 7 89 from activities 1042:1051 arg1 strains 1072:1078 eight bacterial strains 1056:1078 eight bacterial strains 1056:1078 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. 26694071 5 90 theme carbon 794:799 arg1 ratio 813:817 carbon to nitrogen ratio 794:817 carbon to nitrogen ratio 794:817 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 90 theme carbon 794:799 arg1 carbon 755:760 carbon 755:760 carbon 755:760 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 1 91 theme Cordyceps 173:181 arg1 Hua 212:214 Jin Chan Hua 203:214 Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine 203:246 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 1 91 theme Cordyceps 173:181 arg1 cicadae 183:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae 162:189 BACKGROUND Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. 26694071 0 92 from extraction 10:19 arg1 culture 132:138 submerged culture 122:138 submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 122:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 13 93 theme tested 1792:1797 arg1 strains 1809:1815 the tested bacterial strains 1788:1815 all the tested bacterial strains 1784:1815 IPS showed slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains as compared to EPS. 26694071 11 94 theme radical 1582:1588 arg1 activity 1601:1608 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1577:1608 ABTS radical scavenging activity 1577:1608 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 17 95 theme scale 2341:2345 arg1 fermentation 2358:2369 large scale industrial fermentation 2335:2369 large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2335:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 0 96 theme polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 antioxidant 35:45 antioxidant 35:45 antioxidant 35:45 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 96 theme polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 activities 65:74 antimicrobial activities 51:74 antimicrobial activities 51:74 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 96 theme polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 composition 22:32 composition 22:32 composition 22:32 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 0 96 theme polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 4 97 theme polysaccharides 523:537 arg1 activities 499:508 antibacterial activities 485:508 antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides 485:537 Besides antioxidant, antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides were tested for first time. 26694071 11 98 theme antioxidant 1504:1514 arg1 potential 1516:1524 higher antioxidant potential 1497:1524 higher antioxidant potential 1497:1524 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 0 99 theme submerged 122:130 arg1 culture 132:138 submerged culture 122:138 submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 122:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 9 100 theme C/N 1388:1390 arg1 ratio 1392:1396 C/N ratio 1388:1396 different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio 1339:1396 EPS and IPS production was observed to vary with different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio. 26694071 8 101 theme medium 1149:1154 arg1 capacity 1156:1163 medium capacity 1149:1163 medium capacity 1149:1163 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 101 theme medium 1149:1154 arg1 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature 1127:1216 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 5 102 theme different 669:677 arg1 factors 679:685 different factors 669:685 different factors 669:685 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 3 103 theme Mycelial 363:370 arg1 culture 372:378 Mycelial culture 363:378 Mycelial culture 363:378 Mycelial culture was optimized for extraction of polysaccharides under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 0 104 from antioxidant 35:45 arg1 culture 132:138 submerged culture 122:138 submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae 122:159 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 5 105 theme orthogonal 823:832 arg1 experiments 834:844 orthogonal experiments 823:844 orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method 823:878 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 11 106 theme DPPH 1543:1546 arg1 activity 1567:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 significant DPPH radical scavenging activity 1531:1574 Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. 26694071 14 107 theme EPS 1889:1891 arg1 zones 1856:1860 Maximum inhibition zones 1837:1860 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) 1837:1907 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 12 108 theme tested 1712:1717 arg1 strains 1729:1735 the tested bacterial strains 1708:1735 the tested bacterial strains 1708:1735 Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS varied among the tested bacterial strains. 26694071 17 109 used used 2326:2329 arg2 factors 2305:2311 several factors 2297:2311 several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae 2297:2383 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 26694071 5 110 theme nitrogen 804:811 arg1 ratio 813:817 carbon to nitrogen ratio 794:817 carbon to nitrogen ratio 794:817 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 110 theme nitrogen 804:811 arg1 carbon 755:760 carbon 755:760 carbon 755:760 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 8 111 theme incubation 1182:1191 arg1 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS 1127:1133 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature 1127:1216 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 8 111 theme incubation 1182:1191 arg1 time 1193:1196 incubation time 1182:1196 incubation time 1182:1196 RESULTS Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. 26694071 5 112 dep capacity 695:702 arg1 ratio 813:817 carbon to nitrogen ratio 794:817 carbon to nitrogen ratio 794:817 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 112 dep capacity 695:702 arg1 minerals 773:780 minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio 773:817 minerals 773:780 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 112 dep capacity 695:702 arg1 nitrogen 763:770 nitrogen 763:770 nitrogen 763:770 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 112 dep capacity 695:702 arg1 carbon 755:760 carbon 755:760 carbon 755:760 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 13 113 theme higher 1758:1763 arg1 rate 1776:1779 slightly higher inhibition rate 1749:1779 slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains 1749:1815 IPS showed slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains as compared to EPS. 26694071 10 114 theme major 1415:1419 arg1 Glucose 1399:1405 Glucose 1399:1405 Glucose 1399:1405 Glucose was the major component of polysaccharides (63.10 ± 4.15 %). 26694071 10 114 theme major 1415:1419 arg1 component 1421:1429 the major component 1411:1429 the major component of polysaccharides 1411:1448 Glucose was the major component of polysaccharides (63.10 ± 4.15 %). 26694071 0 115 theme antimicrobial 51:63 arg1 activities 65:74 antimicrobial activities 51:74 antimicrobial activities 51:74 Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae. 26694071 6 116 theme Monosaccharides 881:895 arg1 composition 897:907 Monosaccharides composition 881:907 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae 881:949 Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. 26694071 15 117 theme pathogenic 2036:2045 arg1 strains 2057:2063 all the pathogenic microbial strains 2028:2063 all the pathogenic microbial strains tested 2028:2070 However, both EPS and IPS fractions showed broad spectrum for all the pathogenic microbial strains tested. 26694071 14 118 theme inhibition 1845:1854 arg1 zones 1856:1860 Maximum inhibition zones 1837:1860 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) 1837:1907 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 14 119 theme 10  1956:1958 arg1 % 1959:1959 % 1959:1959 % 1959:1959 Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ± 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ± 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. 26694071 5 120 dep tested 656:661 arg1 temperature 742:752 temperature 742:752 temperature 742:752 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 120 dep tested 656:661 arg1 pH 721:722 pH 721:722 pH 721:722 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 120 dep tested 656:661 arg1 capacity 695:702 medium capacity 688:702 medium capacity 688:702 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 120 dep tested 656:661 arg1 speed 714:718 rotation speed 705:718 rotation speed 705:718 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 5 120 dep tested 656:661 arg1 time 736:739 incubation time 725:739 incubation time 725:739 METHODS Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. 26694071 17 121 theme antibacterial 2233:2245 arg1 potential 2247:2255 antibacterial potential 2233:2255 antibacterial potential 2233:2255 CONCLUSIONS EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. 25263894 5 0 theme HepG-2 728:733 arg1 cells 735:739 HepG-2 cells 728:739 HepG-2 cells 728:739 The antitumor activities of the polysaccharides against HepG-2 cells were studied in vitro. 25263894 0 1 theme eryngii 88:94 arg1 residue 96:102 Pleurotus eryngii residue 78:102 Pleurotus eryngii residue 78:102 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 4 2 theme Sulfate 584:590 arg1 content 608:614 Sulfate and uronic acid content 584:614 Sulfate and uronic acid content 584:614 Sulfate and uronic acid content, ultraviolet and infrared spectrum were also evaluated. 25263894 6 3 theme cells 901:905 arg1 release 883:889 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release 855:889 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells 855:905 Results showed that the three polysaccharides could suppress the proliferation and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 25263894 2 4 theme size-exclusion 382:395 arg1 chromatography 397:410 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography 365:410 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 365:418 Molecular weights were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). 25263894 2 4 theme size-exclusion 382:395 arg1 HPSEC 413:417 HPSEC 413:417 HPSEC 413:417 Molecular weights were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). 25263894 5 5 theme antitumor 676:684 arg1 activities 686:695 The antitumor activities 672:695 The antitumor activities of the polysaccharides against HepG-2 cells 672:739 The antitumor activities of the polysaccharides against HepG-2 cells were studied in vitro. 25263894 2 6 theme Molecular 328:336 arg1 weights 338:344 Molecular weights 328:344 Molecular weights 328:344 Molecular weights were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). 25263894 3 7 theme Gas 421:423 arg1 GC 441:442 GC 441:442 GC 441:442 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3 were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose. 25263894 3 7 theme Gas 421:423 arg1 chromatography 425:438 Gas chromatography 421:438 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition 421:482 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3 were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose. 25263894 1 8 from residue 165:171 arg1 polysaccharide 127:140 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide 105:140 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue 105:171 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. 25263894 9 9 theme P. 1160:1161 arg1 residue 1171:1177 P. eryngii residue 1160:1177 P. eryngii residue 1160:1177 Findings presented in this study suggested that the polysaccharides extracted from P. eryngii residue might be suitable for functional foods and natural antitumor drugs development. 25263894 2 10 theme high-performance 365:380 arg1 chromatography 397:410 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography 365:410 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 365:418 Molecular weights were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). 25263894 2 10 theme high-performance 365:380 arg1 HPSEC 413:417 HPSEC 413:417 HPSEC 413:417 Molecular weights were determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). 25263894 8 11 theme acid 1063:1066 arg1 content 1068:1074 uronic acid content 1056:1074 uronic acid content 1056:1074 The same order was also observed with uronic acid content. 25263894 9 12 theme eryngii 1163:1169 arg1 residue 1171:1177 P. eryngii residue 1160:1177 P. eryngii residue 1160:1177 Findings presented in this study suggested that the polysaccharides extracted from P. eryngii residue might be suitable for functional foods and natural antitumor drugs development. 25263894 9 13 dep foods 1212:1216 arg1 development 1246:1256 development 1246:1256 development 1246:1256 Findings presented in this study suggested that the polysaccharides extracted from P. eryngii residue might be suitable for functional foods and natural antitumor drugs development. 25263894 5 14 theme polysaccharides 704:718 arg1 activities 686:695 The antitumor activities 672:695 The antitumor activities of the polysaccharides against HepG-2 cells 672:739 The antitumor activities of the polysaccharides against HepG-2 cells were studied in vitro. 25263894 1 15 theme DEAE 210:213 arg1 chromatography 228:241 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 210:241 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 210:241 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. 25263894 3 16 theme chromatography 425:438 arg1 analysis 445:452 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 421:452 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition 421:482 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3 were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose. 25263894 6 17 theme dehydrogenase 863:875 arg1 release 883:889 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release 855:889 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells 855:905 Results showed that the three polysaccharides could suppress the proliferation and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 25263894 1 18 theme novel 107:111 arg1 polysaccharide 127:140 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide 105:140 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue 105:171 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. 25263894 8 19 theme uronic 1056:1061 arg1 content 1068:1074 uronic acid content 1056:1074 uronic acid content 1056:1074 The same order was also observed with uronic acid content. 25263894 1 20 theme cellulose-52 215:226 arg1 chromatography 228:241 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 210:241 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 210:241 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. 25263894 4 21 theme infrared 633:640 arg1 spectrum 642:649 infrared spectrum 633:649 infrared spectrum 633:649 Sulfate and uronic acid content, ultraviolet and infrared spectrum were also evaluated. 25263894 9 22 theme natural 1222:1228 arg1 drugs 1240:1244 natural antitumor drugs 1222:1244 natural antitumor drugs 1222:1244 Findings presented in this study suggested that the polysaccharides extracted from P. eryngii residue might be suitable for functional foods and natural antitumor drugs development. 25263894 0 23 from residue 96:102 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 0 23 from residue 96:102 arg1 activity 45:52 antitumor activity 35:52 antitumor activity 35:52 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 0 23 from residue 96:102 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 1 24 theme water-soluble 113:125 arg1 polysaccharide 127:140 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide 105:140 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue 105:171 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. 25263894 3 25 theme monosaccharide 457:470 arg1 composition 472:482 monosaccharide composition 457:482 monosaccharide composition 457:482 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3 were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose. 25263894 9 26 theme functional 1201:1210 arg1 foods 1212:1216 functional foods 1201:1216 functional foods 1201:1216 Findings presented in this study suggested that the polysaccharides extracted from P. eryngii residue might be suitable for functional foods and natural antitumor drugs development. 25263894 0 27 theme antitumor 35:43 arg1 activity 45:52 antitumor activity 35:52 antitumor activity 35:52 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 4 28 theme uronic 596:601 arg1 content 608:614 Sulfate and uronic acid content 584:614 Sulfate and uronic acid content 584:614 Sulfate and uronic acid content, ultraviolet and infrared spectrum were also evaluated. 25263894 3 29 theme composition 472:482 arg1 analysis 445:452 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis 421:452 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition 421:482 Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of monosaccharide composition confirmed that PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3 were heteropolysaccharides and mainly composed of glucose. 25263894 6 30 theme lactate 855:861 arg1 LDH 878:880 LDH 878:880 LDH 878:880 Results showed that the three polysaccharides could suppress the proliferation and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 25263894 6 30 theme lactate 855:861 arg1 dehydrogenase 863:875 lactate dehydrogenase 855:875 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells 855:905 Results showed that the three polysaccharides could suppress the proliferation and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 25263894 1 31 theme Sephadex 247:254 arg1 chromatography 277:290 Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography 247:290 Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography 247:290 A novel water-soluble polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii residue was isolated and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography to yield PEPE-1, PEPE-2 and PEPE-3. 25263894 0 32 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 0 32 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 activity 45:52 antitumor activity 35:52 antitumor activity 35:52 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 0 32 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii residue. 25263894 6 33 theme time-dependent 922:935 arg1 manner 937:942 a dose- and time-dependent manner 910:942 a dose- and time-dependent manner 910:942 Results showed that the three polysaccharides could suppress the proliferation and enhance lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of HepG-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 25263894 8 34 theme same 1022:1025 arg1 order 1027:1031 The same order 1018:1031 The same order 1018:1031 The same order was also observed with uronic acid content. 25263894 7 35 theme PEPE-1η. 25263901 3 4 theme typical 363:369 arg1 behaviour 387:395 typical polyelectrolyte behaviour 363:395 typical polyelectrolyte behaviour 363:395 The polysaccharide displayed typical polyelectrolyte behaviour in solution. 25263901 8 5 theme coil 957:960 arg1 conformation 962:973 its random coil conformation 946:973 its random coil conformation 946:973 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 7 6 theme shear 860:864 arg1 rates 866:870 low shear rates 856:870 low shear rates 856:870 Cox-Merz plots showed that η(γ˙) and η(ω) were closely superimposable except at low shear rates and higher concentrations, where η>η. 25263901 8 7 dep I. 980:981 arg1 gabonensis 983:992 gabonensis 983:992 gabonensis 983:992 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 8 8 theme I. 980:981 arg1 polysaccharide 994:1007 I. gabonensis polysaccharide 980:1007 I. gabonensis polysaccharide 980:1007 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 4 9 theme ionic 446:450 arg1 strength 452:459 infinite ionic strength 437:459 infinite ionic strength 437:459 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 4 9 theme ionic 446:450 arg1 measure 464:470 a measure 462:470 a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 462:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 2 10 theme glucuronic 317:326 arg1 amounts 265:271 small amounts 259:271 small amounts of rhamnose 259:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 10 theme glucuronic 317:326 arg1 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 10 theme glucuronic 317:326 arg1 acid 328:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 8 11 dep show 975:978 arg1 has 1009:1011 has 1009:1011 show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener 975:1052 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 4 12 theme molecule 531:538 arg1 volume 492:497 the hydrodynamic volume 475:497 the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 475:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 5 13 theme 0.085 655:659 arg1 parameter 642:650 a Smidsrod stiffness parameter 621:650 a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085 621:659 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 7 14 from rates 866:870 arg1 superimposable 831:844 superimposable 831:844 superimposable 831:844 Cox-Merz plots showed that η(γ˙) and η(ω) were closely superimposable except at low shear rates and higher concentrations, where η>η. 25263901 4 15 theme polysaccharide 516:529 arg1 molecule 531:538 the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 502:538 the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 502:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 1 16 theme polysaccharide 72:85 arg1 component 87:95 The polysaccharide component 68:95 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm 68:128 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm was isolated and its hydrodynamic and rheological properties investigated. 25263901 7 17 theme low 856:858 arg1 rates 866:870 low shear rates 856:870 low shear rates 856:870 Cox-Merz plots showed that η(γ˙) and η(ω) were closely superimposable except at low shear rates and higher concentrations, where η>η. 25263901 6 18 theme 3.0 750:752 arg1 % 745:745 % 745:745 % 745:745 The polysaccharide exhibited non-Newtonian behaviour at all the concentrations (0.2% to 3.0% (w/v)) investigated. 25263901 4 19 theme intrinsic 414:422 arg1 viscosity 424:432 The intrinsic viscosity 410:432 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, 410:539 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 4 19 theme intrinsic 414:422 arg1 dl/g 561:564 4.9 dl/g 557:564 4.9 dl/g 557:564 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 7 20 from concentrations 883:896 arg1 superimposable 831:844 superimposable 831:844 superimposable 831:844 Cox-Merz plots showed that η(γ˙) and η(ω) were closely superimposable except at low shear rates and higher concentrations, where η>η. 25263901 0 21 theme Hydrodynamic 0:11 arg1 properties 29:38 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties 0:38 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties of Irvingia 0:50 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties of Irvingia gabonensis gum. 25263901 4 22 theme infinite 437:444 arg1 strength 452:459 infinite ionic strength 437:459 infinite ionic strength 437:459 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 4 22 theme infinite 437:444 arg1 measure 464:470 a measure 462:470 a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 462:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 1 23 theme Irvingia 100:107 arg1 endosperm 120:128 Irvingia gabonensis endosperm 100:128 Irvingia gabonensis endosperm 100:128 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm was isolated and its hydrodynamic and rheological properties investigated. 25263901 8 24 theme random 950:955 arg1 conformation 962:973 its random coil conformation 946:973 its random coil conformation 946:973 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 5 25 theme Smidsrod 623:630 arg1 parameter 642:650 a Smidsrod stiffness parameter 621:650 a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085 621:659 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 5 26 theme stiffness 632:640 arg1 parameter 642:650 a Smidsrod stiffness parameter 621:650 a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085 621:659 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 1 27 theme gabonensis 109:118 arg1 endosperm 120:128 Irvingia gabonensis endosperm 100:128 Irvingia gabonensis endosperm 100:128 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm was isolated and its hydrodynamic and rheological properties investigated. 25263901 6 28 theme 0.2 742:744 arg1 % 745:745 % 745:745 % 745:745 The polysaccharide exhibited non-Newtonian behaviour at all the concentrations (0.2% to 3.0% (w/v)) investigated. 25263901 0 29 theme rheological 17:27 arg1 properties 29:38 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties 0:38 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties of Irvingia 0:50 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties of Irvingia gabonensis gum. 25263901 4 30 from strength 452:459 arg1 viscosity 424:432 The intrinsic viscosity 410:432 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, 410:539 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 4 30 from strength 452:459 arg1 dl/g 561:564 4.9 dl/g 557:564 4.9 dl/g 557:564 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 1 31 theme endosperm 120:128 arg1 component 87:95 The polysaccharide component 68:95 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm 68:128 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm was isolated and its hydrodynamic and rheological properties investigated. 25263901 5 32 contain have 586:589 arg1 macromolecules 571:584 The macromolecules 567:584 The macromolecules 567:584 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 5 32 contain have 586:589 arg2 backbone 607:614 a semi flexible backbone 591:614 a semi flexible backbone 591:614 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 0 33 theme Irvingia 43:50 arg1 properties 29:38 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties 0:38 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties of Irvingia 0:50 Hydrodynamic and rheological properties of Irvingia gabonensis gum. 25263901 4 34 theme volume 492:497 arg1 strength 452:459 infinite ionic strength 437:459 infinite ionic strength 437:459 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 4 34 theme volume 492:497 arg1 measure 464:470 a measure 462:470 a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 462:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 4 35 theme uncharged 506:514 arg1 molecule 531:538 the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 502:538 the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 502:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 2 36 theme small 259:263 arg1 amounts 265:271 small amounts 259:271 small amounts of rhamnose 259:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 36 theme small 259:263 arg1 acid 299:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 36 theme small 259:263 arg1 glucose 305:311 glucose 305:311 glucose 305:311 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 36 theme small 259:263 arg1 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 36 theme small 259:263 arg1 acid 328:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 5 37 theme semi 593:596 arg1 backbone 607:614 a semi flexible backbone 591:614 a semi flexible backbone 591:614 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 5 38 theme flexible 598:605 arg1 backbone 607:614 a semi flexible backbone 591:614 a semi flexible backbone 591:614 The macromolecules have a semi flexible backbone with a Smidsrod stiffness parameter of 0.085. 25263901 6 39 dep concentrations 726:739 arg1 w/v 756:758 w/v 756:758 w/v 756:758 The polysaccharide exhibited non-Newtonian behaviour at all the concentrations (0.2% to 3.0% (w/v)) investigated. 25263901 6 39 dep concentrations 726:739 arg1 % 753:753 0.2% to 3.0% 742:753 0.2% to 3.0% (w/v) 742:759 The polysaccharide exhibited non-Newtonian behaviour at all the concentrations (0.2% to 3.0% (w/v)) investigated. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg1 polysaccharide 209:222 The polysaccharide 205:222 The polysaccharide 205:222 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg2 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg2 acid 299:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg2 acid 328:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg1 arabinogalactan 230:244 an arabinogalactan 227:244 an arabinogalactan 227:244 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg2 glucose 305:311 glucose 305:311 glucose 305:311 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 40 contain contains 250:257 arg2 amounts 265:271 small amounts 259:271 small amounts of rhamnose 259:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 8 41 theme high 914:917 arg1 Mw 919:920 The high Mw 910:920 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) 910:940 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 8 41 theme high 914:917 arg1 g/mol 935:939 1.56 × 10(6)g/mol 923:939 1.56 × 10(6)g/mol 923:939 The high Mw (1.56 × 10(6)g/mol) and its random coil conformation show I. gabonensis polysaccharide has potential for application as a thickener. 25263901 4 42 theme hydrodynamic 479:490 arg1 volume 492:497 the hydrodynamic volume 475:497 the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule 475:538 The intrinsic viscosity at infinite ionic strength, a measure of the hydrodynamic volume of the uncharged polysaccharide molecule, was obtained as 4.9 dl/g. 25263901 2 43 theme galacturonic 286:297 arg1 amounts 265:271 small amounts 259:271 small amounts of rhamnose 259:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 43 theme galacturonic 286:297 arg1 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 43 theme galacturonic 286:297 arg1 acid 299:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 3 44 theme polyelectrolyte 371:385 arg1 behaviour 387:395 typical polyelectrolyte behaviour 363:395 typical polyelectrolyte behaviour 363:395 The polysaccharide displayed typical polyelectrolyte behaviour in solution. 25263901 1 45 theme hydrodynamic 151:162 arg1 properties 180:189 its hydrodynamic and rheological properties 147:189 its hydrodynamic and rheological properties 147:189 The polysaccharide component of Irvingia gabonensis endosperm was isolated and its hydrodynamic and rheological properties investigated. 25263901 2 46 theme rhamnose 276:283 arg1 amounts 265:271 small amounts 259:271 small amounts of rhamnose 259:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 46 theme rhamnose 276:283 arg1 acid 299:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 galacturonic acid 286:302 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 46 theme rhamnose 276:283 arg1 glucose 305:311 glucose 305:311 glucose 305:311 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 46 theme rhamnose 276:283 arg1 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 rhamnose 276:283 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 2 46 theme rhamnose 276:283 arg1 acid 328:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 glucuronic acid 317:331 The polysaccharide is an arabinogalactan and contains small amounts of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose and glucuronic acid. 25263901 6 47 theme non-Newtonian 691:703 arg1 behaviour 705:713 non-Newtonian behaviour 691:713 non-Newtonian behaviour 691:713 The polysaccharide exhibited non-Newtonian behaviour at all the concentrations (0.2% to 3.0% (w/v)) investigated. 25263901 7 48 theme Cox-Merz 776:783 arg1 plots 785:789 Cox-Merz plots 776:789 Cox-Merz plots 776:789 Cox-Merz plots showed that η(γ˙) and η(ω) were closely superimposable except at low shear rates and higher concentrations, where η>η. 25855670 10 0 from variation 1656:1664 arg1 composition 1673:1683 ECM composition 1669:1683 ECM composition 1669:1683 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 9 1 theme regulatory 1451:1460 arg1 role 1462:1465 a regulatory role 1449:1465 a regulatory role 1449:1465 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 10 2 theme Controls 1513:1520 arg1 study 1504:1508 our study 1500:1508 our study of Controls 1500:1520 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 5 3 theme O-glycans 1041:1049 arg1 deletion 1014:1021 oocyte-specific deletion 998:1021 oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans 998:1049 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 4 4 link 1-derived 793:801 arg1 O-glycans 803:811 core 1-derived O-glycans 788:811 core 1-derived O-glycans 788:811 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 PTX3 553:556 PTX3 553:556 PTX3 553:556 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 hyaluronan 469:478 hyaluronan 469:478 hyaluronan (HA) 469:483 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 gene-6 501:506 TNF-stimulated gene-6 486:506 TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6) 486:537 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 HCs 582:584 HCs 582:584 HCs 582:584 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 HA 481:482 HA 481:482 HA 481:482 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 pentraxin-3 540:550 pentraxin-3 540:550 pentraxin-3 (PTX3) 540:557 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 5 theme proteins 622:629 arg1 chains 574:579 the heavy chains 564:579 the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 564:629 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 0 6 with mice 56:59 arg1 oocytes 85:91 O-glycan-deficient oocytes 66:91 O-glycan-deficient oocytes 66:91 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 4 7 theme C1galt1 732:738 arg1 Mutants 740:746 C1galt1 Mutants 732:746 C1galt1 Mutants 732:746 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 2 8 dep oocyte 231:236 arg1 response 219:226 response 219:226 response 219:226 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 3 9 theme serum-derived 590:602 arg1 proteins 622:629 serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 590:629 serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 590:629 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 2 10 theme cell 250:253 arg1 signals 255:261 somatic cell signals 242:261 somatic cell signals 242:261 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 7 11 theme ECM 1282:1284 arg1 molecules 1286:1294 the ECM molecules 1278:1294 the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3 1278:1314 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 7 11 theme ECM 1282:1284 arg1 TSG-6 1300:1304 TSG-6 1300:1304 TSG-6 1300:1304 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 7 11 theme ECM 1282:1284 arg1 PTX3 1311:1314 PTX3 1311:1314 PTX3 1311:1314 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 7 11 theme ECM 1282:1284 arg1 HA 1296:1297 HA 1296:1297 HA 1296:1297 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 5 12 dep C1galt1 895:901 arg1 ZP3Cre 907:912 ZP3Cre 907:912 C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre 895:912 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 9 13 contain carrying 1410:1417 arg2 O-glycans 1434:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 9 13 contain carrying 1410:1417 arg1 glycoproteins 1396:1408 oocyte glycoproteins 1389:1408 oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans 1389:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 6 14 theme Mutant 1095:1100 arg1 complexes 1117:1125 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes 1095:1125 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) 1095:1132 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are smaller than Controls, with fewer CCs. 25855670 6 14 theme Mutant 1095:1100 arg1 COCs 1128:1131 COCs 1128:1131 COCs 1128:1131 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are smaller than Controls, with fewer CCs. 25855670 2 15 theme matrix 290:295 arg1 molecules 303:311 extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules 276:311 extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality 276:428 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 9 16 link 1-derived 1424:1432 arg1 O-glycans 1434:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 11 17 theme cumulus 1821:1827 arg1 expansion 1829:1837 cumulus expansion 1821:1837 cumulus expansion 1821:1837 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 1 18 theme cells 203:207 arg1 development 166:176 the development 162:176 the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs) 162:213 During follicle development, oocytes secrete factors that influence the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). 25855670 9 19 contain have 1444:1447 arg1 glycoproteins 1396:1408 oocyte glycoproteins 1389:1408 oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans 1389:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 9 19 contain have 1444:1447 arg2 role 1462:1465 a regulatory role 1449:1465 a regulatory role 1449:1465 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 6 20 theme fewer 1166:1170 arg1 CCs 1172:1174 fewer CCs 1166:1174 fewer CCs 1166:1174 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are smaller than Controls, with fewer CCs. 25855670 4 21 theme core 788:791 arg1 O-glycans 803:811 core 1-derived O-glycans 788:811 core 1-derived O-glycans 788:811 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 7 22 theme Mutant 1203:1208 arg1 mice 1210:1213 Mutant mice 1203:1213 Mutant mice 1203:1213 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 4 23 theme O-glycans 803:811 arg1 deletion 776:783 oocyte-specific deletion 760:783 oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans 760:811 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 11 24 theme important 1775:1783 arg1 use 1814:1816 the use 1810:1816 the use of cumulus expansion 1810:1837 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 24 theme important 1775:1783 arg1 implications 1785:1796 important implications 1775:1796 important implications for IVF 1775:1804 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 24 theme important 1775:1783 arg1 criterion 1844:1852 a criterion 1842:1852 a criterion for oocyte assessment 1842:1874 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 4 25 dep models 661:666 arg1 contrast 635:642 contrast 635:642 contrast 635:642 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 10 26 dep form 1558:1561 arg1 provided 1563:1570 provided 1563:1570 can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level 1554:1639 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 4 27 dep in 653:654 arg1 vivo 656:659 vivo 656:659 vivo 656:659 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 8 28 theme HC 1326:1327 arg1 levels 1329:1334 HC levels 1326:1334 HC levels 1326:1334 However, HC levels were elevated in Mutant COCs. 25855670 7 29 from CCs 1196:1198 arg1 mice 1210:1213 Mutant mice 1203:1213 Mutant mice 1203:1213 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 0 30 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 analysis 10:17 Molecular analysis 0:17 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 0:92 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 5 31 theme oocyte-specific 998:1012 arg1 deletion 1014:1021 oocyte-specific deletion 998:1021 oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans 998:1049 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 4 32 theme other 647:651 arg1 models 661:666 other in vivo models 647:666 other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility 647:709 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 1 33 theme follicle 101:108 arg1 development 110:120 follicle development 101:120 follicle development 101:120 During follicle development, oocytes secrete factors that influence the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). 25855670 0 34 theme cumulus 26:32 arg1 matrix 34:39 the cumulus matrix 22:39 the cumulus matrix 22:39 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 2 35 theme quality 422:428 arg1 predictive 401:410 predictive 401:410 predictive 401:410 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 7 36 dep molecules 1286:1294 arg1 molecules 1286:1294 the ECM molecules 1278:1294 the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3 1278:1314 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 7 36 dep molecules 1286:1294 arg1 TSG-6 1300:1304 TSG-6 1300:1304 TSG-6 1300:1304 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 7 36 dep molecules 1286:1294 arg1 PTX3 1311:1314 PTX3 1311:1314 PTX3 1311:1314 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 7 36 dep molecules 1286:1294 arg1 HA 1296:1297 HA 1296:1297 HA 1296:1297 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 9 37 theme core 1419:1422 arg1 O-glycans 1434:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 9 38 theme COC 1470:1472 arg1 development 1474:1484 COC development 1470:1484 COC development 1470:1484 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 10 39 theme minimum 1617:1623 arg1 level 1635:1639 a minimum threshold level 1615:1639 a minimum threshold level 1615:1639 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 3 40 theme cumulus 435:441 arg1 ECM 443:445 The cumulus ECM 431:445 The cumulus ECM 431:445 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 10 41 theme functional 1539:1548 arg1 COC 1550:1552 a functional COC 1537:1552 a functional COC 1537:1552 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 5 42 theme C1galt1 879:885 arg1 Mutant 887:892 C1galt1 Mutant 879:892 C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) 879:913 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 5 42 theme C1galt1 879:885 arg1 C1galt1 895:901 C1galt1 895:901 C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre 895:912 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 3 43 dep gene-6 501:506 arg1 TSG-6 509:513 TSG-6 509:513 TSG-6 509:513 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 2 44 theme cumulus 326:332 arg1 expansion 334:342 cumulus expansion 326:342 cumulus expansion 326:342 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 5 45 theme 1-derived 1031:1039 arg1 O-glycans 1041:1049 core 1-derived O-glycans 1026:1049 core 1-derived O-glycans 1026:1049 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 7 46 theme molecules 1286:1294 arg1 levels 1268:1273 normal levels 1261:1273 normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3 1261:1314 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 4 47 theme oocyte-specific 760:774 arg1 deletion 776:783 oocyte-specific deletion 760:783 oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans 760:811 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 5 48 link 1-derived 1031:1039 arg1 O-glycans 1041:1049 core 1-derived O-glycans 1026:1049 core 1-derived O-glycans 1026:1049 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 3 49 link serum-derived 590:602 arg1 proteins 622:629 serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 590:629 serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 590:629 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 7 50 theme normal 1261:1266 arg1 levels 1268:1273 normal levels 1261:1273 normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3 1261:1314 Interestingly, the CCs in Mutant mice are functionally normal as each cell produced normal levels of the ECM molecules HA, TSG-6, and PTX3. 25855670 3 51 theme inter-α-inhibitor 604:620 arg1 proteins 622:629 serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 590:629 serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 590:629 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 6 52 theme cumulus-oocyte 1102:1115 arg1 complexes 1117:1125 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes 1095:1125 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) 1095:1132 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are smaller than Controls, with fewer CCs. 25855670 6 52 theme cumulus-oocyte 1102:1115 arg1 COCs 1128:1131 COCs 1128:1131 COCs 1128:1131 Mutant cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) are smaller than Controls, with fewer CCs. 25855670 11 53 theme expansion 1829:1837 arg1 use 1814:1816 the use 1810:1816 the use of cumulus expansion 1810:1837 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 53 theme expansion 1829:1837 arg1 implications 1785:1796 important implications 1775:1796 important implications for IVF 1775:1804 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 53 theme expansion 1829:1837 arg1 criterion 1844:1852 a criterion 1842:1852 a criterion for oocyte assessment 1842:1874 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 1 54 theme granulosa 181:189 arg1 cells 203:207 granulosa and cumulus cells 181:207 granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs) 181:213 During follicle development, oocytes secrete factors that influence the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). 25855670 1 54 theme granulosa 181:189 arg1 CCs 210:212 CCs 210:212 CCs 210:212 During follicle development, oocytes secrete factors that influence the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). 25855670 11 55 contain have 1770:1773 arg1 data 1765:1768 These data 1759:1768 These data 1759:1768 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 55 contain have 1770:1773 arg2 use 1814:1816 the use 1810:1816 the use of cumulus expansion 1810:1837 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 55 contain have 1770:1773 arg2 criterion 1844:1852 a criterion 1842:1852 a criterion for oocyte assessment 1842:1874 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 11 55 contain have 1770:1773 arg2 implications 1785:1796 important implications 1775:1796 important implications for IVF 1775:1804 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 4 56 theme Mutants 740:746 arg1 mass 724:727 the cumulus mass 712:727 the cumulus mass 712:727 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 3 57 theme TNF-stimulated 486:499 arg1 gene-6 501:506 TNF-stimulated gene-6 486:506 TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6) 486:537 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 1 58 theme cumulus 195:201 arg1 cells 203:207 granulosa and cumulus cells 181:207 granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs) 181:213 During follicle development, oocytes secrete factors that influence the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). 25855670 1 58 theme cumulus 195:201 arg1 CCs 210:212 CCs 210:212 CCs 210:212 During follicle development, oocytes secrete factors that influence the development of granulosa and cumulus cells (CCs). 25855670 10 59 theme essential 1576:1584 arg1 components 1586:1595 all essential components 1572:1595 all essential components 1572:1595 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 11 60 theme oocyte 1858:1863 arg1 assessment 1865:1874 oocyte assessment 1858:1874 oocyte assessment 1858:1874 These data have important implications for IVF and the use of cumulus expansion as a criterion for oocyte assessment. 25855670 0 61 from mice 56:59 arg1 insights 42:49 insights 42:49 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 0:92 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 2 62 theme somatic 242:248 arg1 signals 255:261 somatic cell signals 242:261 somatic cell signals 242:261 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 2 63 theme extracellular 276:288 arg1 ECM 298:300 ECM 298:300 ECM 298:300 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 2 63 theme extracellular 276:288 arg1 matrix 290:295 extracellular matrix 276:295 extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality 276:428 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 4 64 theme 1-derived 793:801 arg1 O-glycans 803:811 core 1-derived O-glycans 788:811 core 1-derived O-glycans 788:811 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 10 65 theme threshold 1625:1633 arg1 level 1635:1639 a minimum threshold level 1615:1639 a minimum threshold level 1615:1639 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 0 66 theme O-glycan-deficient 66:83 arg1 oocytes 85:91 O-glycan-deficient oocytes 66:91 O-glycan-deficient oocytes 66:91 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 5 67 theme cumulus 965:971 arg1 expansion 973:981 cumulus expansion 965:981 cumulus expansion 965:981 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 4 68 contain have 755:758 arg2 deletion 776:783 oocyte-specific deletion 760:783 oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans 760:811 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 4 68 contain have 755:758 arg1 mass 724:727 the cumulus mass 712:727 the cumulus mass 712:727 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 4 69 theme in 653:654 arg1 models 661:666 other in vivo models 647:666 other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility 647:709 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 8 70 theme Mutant 1353:1358 arg1 COCs 1360:1363 Mutant COCs 1353:1363 Mutant COCs 1353:1363 However, HC levels were elevated in Mutant COCs. 25855670 0 71 theme matrix 34:39 arg1 analysis 10:17 Molecular analysis 0:17 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 0:92 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 5 72 theme core 1026:1029 arg1 O-glycans 1041:1049 core 1-derived O-glycans 1026:1049 core 1-derived O-glycans 1026:1049 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 9 73 theme oocyte 1389:1394 arg1 glycoproteins 1396:1408 oocyte glycoproteins 1389:1408 oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans 1389:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 2 74 theme oocyte 415:420 arg1 quality 422:428 oocyte quality 415:428 oocyte quality 415:428 In response to oocyte and somatic cell signals, CCs produce extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules resulting in cumulus expansion, which is essential for ovulation, fertilisation, and is predictive of oocyte quality. 25855670 3 75 theme heavy 568:572 arg1 HCs 582:584 HCs 582:584 HCs 582:584 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 3 75 theme heavy 568:572 arg1 chains 574:579 the heavy chains 564:579 the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins 564:629 The cumulus ECM is largely made up of hyaluronan (HA), TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6, also known as TNFAIP6), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and the heavy chains (HCs) of serum-derived inter-α-inhibitor proteins. 25855670 4 76 theme cumulus 716:722 arg1 mass 724:727 the cumulus mass 712:727 the cumulus mass 712:727 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 9 77 theme 1-derived 1424:1432 arg1 O-glycans 1434:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 core 1-derived O-glycans 1419:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 9 78 gly glycoproteins 1396:1408 arg1 glycoproteins 1396:1408 oocyte glycoproteins 1389:1408 oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans 1389:1442 These data reveal that oocyte glycoproteins carrying core 1-derived O-glycans have a regulatory role in COC development. 25855670 10 79 theme ECM 1669:1671 arg1 composition 1673:1683 ECM composition 1669:1683 ECM composition 1669:1683 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 25855670 4 80 theme modified 674:681 arg1 expansion 683:691 modified expansion 674:691 modified expansion 674:691 In contrast to other in vivo models where modified expansion impairs fertility, the cumulus mass of C1galt1 Mutants, which have oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans, is modified without impairing fertility. 25855670 5 81 used used 874:877 arg2 we 871:872 we 871:872 we 871:872 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 5 82 theme oocyte 1079:1084 arg1 quality 1086:1092 oocyte quality 1079:1092 oocyte quality 1079:1092 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 0 83 dep analysis 10:17 arg1 insights 42:49 insights 42:49 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 0:92 Molecular analysis of the cumulus matrix: insights from mice with O-glycan-deficient oocytes. 25855670 5 84 dep Control 919:925 arg1 FF 936:937 FF 936:937 FF 936:937 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 5 84 dep Control 919:925 arg1 C1galt1 928:934 C1galt1 928:934 C1galt1(FF) 928:938 In this report, we used C1galt1 Mutant (C1galt1(FF):ZP3Cre) and Control (C1galt1(FF)) mice to investigate how cumulus expansion is affected by oocyte-specific deletion of core 1-derived O-glycans without adversely affecting oocyte quality. 25855670 10 85 theme oocyte 1711:1716 arg1 development 1718:1728 oocyte development 1711:1728 oocyte development 1711:1728 In addition, our study of Controls indicates that a functional COC can form provided all essential components are present above a minimum threshold level, and thus some variation in ECM composition does not adversely affect oocyte development, ovulation or fertilisation. 27281242 1 0 theme invasive 164:171 arg1 procedures 182:191 minimally invasive surgical procedures 154:191 minimally invasive surgical procedures 154:191 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 1 1 theme surgical 173:180 arg1 procedures 182:191 minimally invasive surgical procedures 154:191 minimally invasive surgical procedures 154:191 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 1 2 theme world 259:263 arg1 population 265:274 world population 259:274 world population 259:274 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 1 3 theme population 265:274 arg1 ageing 249:254 the ageing 245:254 the ageing of world population 245:274 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 0 4 theme polysaccharide 94:107 arg1 hydrogel 109:116 a polysaccharide hydrogel 92:116 a polysaccharide hydrogel 92:116 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 4 5 theme composites 797:806 arg1 possibility 746:756 the possibility 742:756 the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites 742:806 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 3 6 theme carboxymethyl 522:534 arg1 CMC 547:549 CMC 547:549 CMC 547:549 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 3 6 theme carboxymethyl 522:534 arg1 cellulose 536:544 carboxymethyl cellulose 522:544 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 522:550 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 4 7 theme injecting 774:782 arg1 composites 797:806 successfully injecting the prepared composites 761:806 successfully injecting the prepared composites 761:806 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 3 8 theme halloysite 556:565 arg1 HNT 578:580 HNT 578:580 HNT 578:580 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 3 8 theme halloysite 556:565 arg1 nanotubes 567:575 halloysite nanotubes 556:575 halloysite nanotubes (HNT) 556:581 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 2 9 theme nanostructures 412:425 arg1 properties 385:394 the mechanical properties 370:394 the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures 370:425 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 2 10 theme inorganic 402:410 arg1 nanostructures 412:425 1D inorganic nanostructures 399:425 1D inorganic nanostructures 399:425 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 2 11 theme rheological 316:326 arg1 properties 328:337 the rheological properties 312:337 the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers 312:363 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 2 12 theme 1D 399:400 arg1 nanostructures 412:425 1D inorganic nanostructures 399:425 1D inorganic nanostructures 399:425 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 0 13 theme Injectable 0:9 arg1 composites 11:20 Injectable composites 0:20 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 0:117 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 1 14 from use 123:125 arg1 procedures 182:191 minimally invasive surgical procedures 154:191 minimally invasive surgical procedures 154:191 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 4 15 theme materials 686:694 arg1 injectability 665:677 injectability 665:677 injectability 665:677 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 4 15 theme materials 686:694 arg1 rheology 652:659 rheology 652:659 rheology 652:659 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 4 16 theme prepared 788:795 arg1 composites 797:806 successfully injecting the prepared composites 761:806 successfully injecting the prepared composites 761:806 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 3 17 theme hydrogel 494:501 arg1 composites 503:512 hydrogel composites 494:512 hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) 494:581 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 4 18 theme operative 830:838 arg1 conditions 840:849 operative conditions 830:849 operative conditions 830:849 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 4 19 theme large 815:819 arg1 range 821:825 a large range 813:825 a large range of operative conditions 813:849 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 3 20 theme composites 503:512 arg1 preparation 479:489 the preparation 475:489 the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) 475:581 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 3 20 theme composites 503:512 arg1 materials 597:605 injectable materials 586:605 injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects 586:645 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 0 21 theme 1D 47:48 arg1 nanoclays 50:58 1D nanoclays 47:58 1D nanoclays 47:58 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 1 22 theme bone 218:221 arg1 diseases 223:230 the bone diseases 214:230 the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population 214:274 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 3 23 theme local 615:619 arg1 treatment 621:629 the local treatment 611:629 the local treatment of bone defects 611:645 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 2 24 theme promising 437:445 arg1 scaffolds 447:455 promising scaffolds 437:455 promising scaffolds 437:455 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 0 25 with functionalization 26:42 arg1 hydrogel 109:116 a polysaccharide hydrogel 92:116 a polysaccharide hydrogel 92:116 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 4 26 dep rheology 652:659 arg1 The 648:650 The 648:650 The 648:650 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 2 27 theme polymers 356:363 arg1 properties 328:337 the rheological properties 312:337 the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers 312:363 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 0 28 theme nanoclays 50:58 arg1 functionalization 26:42 functionalization 26:42 functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel 26:116 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 2 29 theme biocompatible 342:354 arg1 polymers 356:363 biocompatible polymers 342:363 biocompatible polymers 342:363 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 27281242 3 30 theme injectable 586:595 arg1 preparation 479:489 the preparation 475:489 the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) 475:581 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 3 30 theme injectable 586:595 arg1 materials 597:605 injectable materials 586:605 injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects 586:645 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 3 31 theme defects 639:645 arg1 treatment 621:629 the local treatment 611:629 the local treatment of bone defects 611:645 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 1 32 theme injectable 130:139 arg1 materials 141:149 injectable materials 130:149 injectable materials 130:149 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 1 33 theme materials 141:149 arg1 use 123:125 The use 119:125 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures 119:191 The use of injectable materials in minimally invasive surgical procedures could help in facing the bone diseases connected to the ageing of world population. 27281242 0 34 theme coupling 78:85 arg1 functionalization 26:42 functionalization 26:42 functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel 26:116 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 4 35 theme conditions 840:849 arg1 range 821:825 a large range 813:825 a large range of operative conditions 813:849 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 4 36 theme structural 711:720 arg1 properties 722:731 their structural properties 705:731 their structural properties 705:731 The rheology and injectability of the materials reflects their structural properties, showing the possibility of successfully injecting the prepared composites over a large range of operative conditions. 27281242 0 37 theme biodegradable 64:76 arg1 coupling 78:85 biodegradable coupling 64:85 biodegradable coupling 64:85 Injectable composites via functionalization of 1D nanoclays and biodegradable coupling with a polysaccharide hydrogel. 27281242 3 38 theme bone 634:637 arg1 defects 639:645 bone defects 634:645 bone defects 634:645 Here we describe the preparation of hydrogel composites made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as injectable materials for the local treatment of bone defects. 27281242 2 39 theme mechanical 374:383 arg1 properties 385:394 the mechanical properties 370:394 the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures 370:425 To this aim, materials integrating the rheological properties of biocompatible polymers with the mechanical properties of 1D inorganic nanostructures represent promising scaffolds. 28704184 6 0 theme hydrolysis 1146:1155 arg1 yield 1157:1161 the hydrolysis yield 1142:1161 the hydrolysis yield 1142:1161 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. 28704184 0 1 theme traditional 163:173 arg1 medicine 175:182 the traditional medicine 159:182 the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 159:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 0 2 theme urinary 245:251 arg1 tracts 267:272 the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 228:272 the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 228:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 7 3 theme monosaccharide 1168:1181 arg1 compositions 1203:1214 The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions 1164:1214 compositions 1203:1214 The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis. 28704184 12 4 dep major 1769:1773 arg1 leaves 1775:1780 leaves 1775:1780 leaves 1775:1780 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 1 5 theme cell-mediated 458:470 arg1 immunity 472:479 cell-mediated immunity 458:479 cell-mediated immunity 458:479 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 8 6 theme highest 1265:1271 arg1 yield 1284:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield 1261:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1261:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 4 7 theme Plantago 871:878 arg1 L. 886:887 Plantago major L. leaves 871:894 Plantago major L. leaves 871:894 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 0 8 theme infectious 204:213 arg1 disorders 215:223 infectious disorders 204:223 infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 204:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 3 9 dep the 617:619 arg1 leaves 621:626 leaves 621:626 leaves 621:626 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 4 10 theme carbohydrate 942:953 arg1 hydrolases 955:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 5 11 dep enzymes 1038:1044 arg1 enzymes 1038:1044 the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase 1034:1072 the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase 1034:1072 MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. 28704184 5 11 dep enzymes 1038:1044 arg1 mannanase 1064:1072 mannanase 1064:1072 mannanase 1064:1072 MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. 28704184 5 11 dep enzymes 1038:1044 arg1 hemicellulase 1046:1058 hemicellulase 1046:1058 hemicellulase 1046:1058 MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. 28704184 7 12 theme HPLC 1238:1241 arg1 analysis 1243:1250 HPLC analysis 1238:1250 HPLC analysis 1238:1250 The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis. 28704184 7 13 theme oligosaccharide 1187:1201 arg1 compositions 1203:1214 The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions 1164:1214 compositions 1203:1214 The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis. 28704184 12 14 theme water 1721:1725 arg1 polysaccharides 1739:1753 water extractable polysaccharides 1721:1753 water extractable polysaccharides 1721:1753 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 4 15 theme enzymatic 906:914 arg1 hydrolysis 916:925 their enzymatic hydrolysis 900:925 their enzymatic hydrolysis 900:925 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 1 16 theme activities 409:418 arg1 broad-spectrum 353:366 a broad-spectrum 351:366 a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity 351:479 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 12 17 theme polysaccharides 1739:1753 arg1 hydrolysis 1707:1716 The enzymatic hydrolysis 1693:1716 The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves 1693:1780 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 11 18 theme different 1627:1635 arg1 degree 1637:1642 different degree 1627:1642 different degree of polymerization 1627:1660 Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected. 28704184 3 19 theme major 640:644 arg1 L. 646:647 Plantago major L. 631:647 Plantago major L. 631:647 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 4 20 with L. 886:887 arg1 hydrolases 955:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 12 21 from effects 1854:1860 arg1 health 1876:1881 human health 1870:1881 human health 1870:1881 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 12 21 from effects 1854:1860 arg1 industry 1887:1894 industry 1887:1894 industry 1887:1894 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 12 22 theme enzymatic 1697:1705 arg1 hydrolysis 1707:1716 The enzymatic hydrolysis 1693:1716 The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves 1693:1780 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 5 23 dep MATERIALS 967:975 arg1 performed 1019:1027 performed 1019:1027 were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase 1014:1072 MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. 28704184 0 24 theme major 82:86 arg1 L. 117:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 1 25 theme major 337:341 arg1 Plantago 328:335 Plantago major 328:341 Plantago major 328:341 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 4 26 dep was 765:767 arg1 AIM 739:741 AIM 739:741 AIM 739:741 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 3 27 attach isolated 603:610 arg2 polysaccharides 572:586 The polysaccharides 568:586 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. 568:647 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 27 attach isolated 603:610 arg1 the 617:619 the 617:619 the 617:619 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 12 28 dep CONCLUSION 1682:1691 arg1 allows 1782:1787 allows 1782:1787 allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry 1782:1894 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 2 29 theme significant 528:538 arg1 content 540:546 the significant content 524:546 the significant content of polysaccharides 524:565 Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. 28704184 0 30 theme BACKGROUND 91:100 arg1 L. 117:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 11 31 with Oligosaccharides 1605:1620 arg1 degree 1637:1642 different degree 1627:1642 different degree of polymerization 1627:1660 Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected. 28704184 10 32 theme polysaccharides 1588:1602 arg1 composition 1560:1570 the composition 1556:1570 the composition of the isolated polysaccharides 1556:1602 Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. 28704184 0 33 theme major 111:115 arg1 L. 117:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 0 34 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 Hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 0:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 0 35 theme tracts 267:272 arg1 disorders 215:223 infectious disorders 204:223 infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 204:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 8 36 dep Plantago 1336:1343 arg1 obtained 1362:1369 obtained 1362:1369 was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1358:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 4 37 theme paper 759:763 arg1 aim 747:749 The aim 743:749 The aim of this paper 743:763 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 12 38 theme different 1802:1810 arg1 types 1812:1816 different types 1802:1816 different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry 1802:1894 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 6 39 theme sugars 1109:1114 arg1 assay 1116:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. 28704184 0 40 theme Extractable 30:40 arg1 Polysaccharides 42:56 Water Extractable Polysaccharides 24:56 Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 24:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 12 41 with oligosaccharides 1821:1836 arg1 effects 1854:1860 beneficial effects 1843:1860 beneficial effects on both human health and industry 1843:1894 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 6 42 theme total 1094:1098 arg1 assay 1116:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. 28704184 8 43 with treatment 1374:1382 arg1 hemicellulase 1389:1401 hemicellulase 1389:1401 hemicellulase 1389:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 4 44 theme extractable 829:839 arg1 polysaccharides 841:855 the water extractable polysaccharides 819:855 the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases 819:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 1 45 contain possess 343:349 arg2 broad-spectrum 353:366 a broad-spectrum 351:366 a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity 351:479 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 1 45 contain possess 343:349 arg1 extracts 316:323 hot water extracts 306:323 hot water extracts of Plantago major 306:341 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 1 46 theme water 310:314 arg1 extracts 316:323 hot water extracts 306:323 hot water extracts of Plantago major 306:341 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 3 47 theme pectic 677:682 arg1 substances 684:693 pectic substances 677:693 pectic substances 677:693 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 8 48 from yield 1284:1288 arg1 Plantago 1336:1343 Plantago 1336:1343 Plantago 1336:1343 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 1 49 theme hot 306:308 arg1 extracts 316:323 hot water extracts 306:323 hot water extracts of Plantago major 306:341 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 4 50 theme major 880:884 arg1 L. 886:887 Plantago major L. leaves 871:894 Plantago major L. leaves 871:894 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 1 51 theme activities 432:441 arg1 broad-spectrum 353:366 a broad-spectrum 351:366 a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity 351:479 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 12 52 theme beneficial 1843:1852 arg1 effects 1854:1860 beneficial effects 1843:1860 beneficial effects on both human health and industry 1843:1894 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 4 53 theme polysaccharides 841:855 arg1 structure 806:814 the structure 802:814 the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases 802:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 8 54 theme polysaccharides 1315:1329 arg1 yield 1284:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield 1261:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1261:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 0 55 theme disorders 215:223 arg1 treatment 191:199 the treatment 187:199 the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 187:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 10 56 theme prevalent 1517:1525 arg1 Galactose 1499:1507 Galactose 1499:1507 Galactose 1499:1507 Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. 28704184 10 56 theme prevalent 1517:1525 arg1 monosaccharide 1527:1540 the prevalent monosaccharide 1513:1540 the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides 1513:1602 Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. 28704184 8 57 theme hydrolysis 1273:1282 arg1 yield 1284:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield 1261:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1261:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 4 58 theme different 932:940 arg1 hydrolases 955:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 1 59 theme antioxidant 383:393 arg1 activities 409:418 anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities 371:418 anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities 371:418 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 12 60 theme extractable 1727:1737 arg1 polysaccharides 1739:1753 water extractable polysaccharides 1721:1753 water extractable polysaccharides 1721:1753 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 1 61 theme antiviral 399:407 arg1 activities 409:418 anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities 371:418 anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities 371:418 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 8 62 from Plantago 1336:1343 arg1 polysaccharides 1315:1329 the water extractable polysaccharides 1293:1329 the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1293:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 8 62 from Plantago 1336:1343 arg1 yield 1284:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield 1261:1288 The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1261:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 8 63 theme water 1297:1301 arg1 polysaccharides 1315:1329 the water extractable polysaccharides 1293:1329 the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1293:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 3 64 theme Plantago 631:638 arg1 L. 646:647 Plantago major L. 631:647 Plantago major L. 631:647 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 12 65 theme human 1870:1874 arg1 health 1876:1881 human health 1870:1881 human health 1870:1881 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 6 66 theme Spectrophotometric 1075:1092 arg1 assay 1116:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. 28704184 0 67 theme Plantago 73:80 arg1 L. 117:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 3 68 contain have 649:652 arg1 polysaccharides 572:586 The polysaccharides 568:586 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. 568:647 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 68 contain have 649:652 arg2 arabinogalactans 707:722 arabinogalactans 707:722 arabinogalactans 707:722 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 68 contain have 649:652 arg2 structures 664:673 different structures 654:673 different structures 654:673 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 68 contain have 649:652 arg2 glucomannans 725:736 glucomannans 725:736 glucomannans 725:736 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 68 contain have 649:652 arg2 galactans 696:704 galactans 696:704 galactans 696:704 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 11 69 theme polymerization 1647:1660 arg1 degree 1637:1642 different degree 1627:1642 different degree of polymerization 1627:1660 Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected. 28704184 0 70 theme L. 88:89 arg1 L. 117:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 1 71 theme Plantago 328:335 arg1 extracts 316:323 hot water extracts 306:323 hot water extracts of Plantago major 306:341 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 4 72 attach isolated 857:864 arg1 hydrolysis 916:925 their enzymatic hydrolysis 900:925 their enzymatic hydrolysis 900:925 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 4 72 attach isolated 857:864 arg2 polysaccharides 841:855 the water extractable polysaccharides 819:855 the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases 819:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 4 72 attach isolated 857:864 arg1 L. 886:887 Plantago major L. leaves 871:894 Plantago major L. leaves 871:894 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 2 73 theme beneficial 488:497 arg1 properties 499:508 Their beneficial properties 482:508 Their beneficial properties 482:508 Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. 28704184 0 74 from Hydrolysis 10:19 arg1 Leaves 63:68 Leaves 63:68 Leaves 63:68 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 0 75 theme Plantago 102:109 arg1 L. 117:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 73:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 5 76 theme hydrolysis 993:1002 arg1 reactions 1004:1012 The hydrolysis reactions 989:1012 The hydrolysis reactions 989:1012 MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. 28704184 0 77 from Leaves 63:68 arg1 Polysaccharides 42:56 Water Extractable Polysaccharides 24:56 Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 24:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 0 77 from Leaves 63:68 arg1 Hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 0:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 9 78 theme hydrolysis 1408:1417 arg1 yield 1419:1423 The hydrolysis yield 1404:1423 The hydrolysis yield 1404:1423 The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. 28704184 2 79 theme polysaccharides 551:565 arg1 content 540:546 the significant content 524:546 the significant content of polysaccharides 524:565 Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. 28704184 0 80 theme respiratory 232:242 arg1 tracts 267:272 the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 228:272 the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 228:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 10 81 theme isolated 1579:1586 arg1 polysaccharides 1588:1602 the isolated polysaccharides 1575:1602 the isolated polysaccharides 1575:1602 Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. 28704184 1 82 theme anticancer 371:380 arg1 activities 409:418 anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities 371:418 anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities 371:418 Researchers have reported that hot water extracts of Plantago major possess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. 28704184 6 83 used used 1126:1129 arg2 assay 1116:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. 28704184 8 84 dep major 1345:1349 arg1 leaves 1351:1356 leaves 1351:1356 leaves 1351:1356 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 12 85 theme oligosaccharides 1821:1836 arg1 types 1812:1816 different types 1802:1816 different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry 1802:1894 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 0 86 theme Water 24:28 arg1 Polysaccharides 42:56 Water Extractable Polysaccharides 24:56 Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 24:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 0 87 theme digestive 257:265 arg1 tracts 267:272 the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 228:272 the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 228:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 4 88 with hydrolysis 916:925 arg1 hydrolases 955:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 different carbohydrate hydrolases 932:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 0 89 from medicine 175:182 arg1 treatment 191:199 the treatment 187:199 the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts 187:272 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 3 90 theme different 654:662 arg1 arabinogalactans 707:722 arabinogalactans 707:722 arabinogalactans 707:722 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 90 theme different 654:662 arg1 galactans 696:704 galactans 696:704 galactans 696:704 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 90 theme different 654:662 arg1 structures 664:673 different structures 654:673 different structures 654:673 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 3 90 theme different 654:662 arg1 glucomannans 725:736 glucomannans 725:736 glucomannans 725:736 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 28704184 0 91 theme Polysaccharides 42:56 arg1 Hydrolysis 10:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 0:19 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. 0:118 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L. BACKGROUND Plantago major L. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. 28704184 12 92 from major 1769:1773 arg1 hydrolysis 1707:1716 The enzymatic hydrolysis 1693:1716 The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves 1693:1780 CONCLUSION The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry. 28704184 6 93 theme reducing 1100:1107 arg1 assay 1116:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay 1075:1120 Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. 28704184 4 94 dep L. 886:887 arg1 leaves 889:894 leaves 889:894 leaves 889:894 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 9 95 theme ratio 1464:1468 arg1 augmentation 1444:1455 the augmentation 1440:1455 the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide 1440:1496 The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. 28704184 4 96 theme water 823:827 arg1 polysaccharides 841:855 the water extractable polysaccharides 819:855 the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases 819:964 AIM The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated from Plantago major L. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases. 28704184 9 97 theme enzyme 1473:1478 arg1 ratio 1464:1468 the ratio 1460:1468 the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide 1460:1496 The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. 28704184 8 98 theme extractable 1303:1313 arg1 polysaccharides 1315:1329 the water extractable polysaccharides 1293:1329 the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase 1293:1401 RESULTS The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides from Plantago major leaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. 28704184 3 99 dep structures 664:673 arg1 substances 684:693 pectic substances 677:693 pectic substances 677:693 The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves of Plantago major L. have different structures - pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans. 27235730 4 0 theme scavenging 746:755 arg1 activity 757:764 stronger scavenging activity 737:764 stronger scavenging activity against superoxide, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals 737:811 CPP70 exhibited stronger scavenging activity against superoxide, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, when compared with CPP60 and CPP85. 27235730 5 1 from use 1022:1024 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1038:1052 pharmaceuticals 1038:1052 pharmaceuticals 1038:1052 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 5 1 from use 1022:1024 arg1 food 1029:1032 food 1029:1032 food 1029:1032 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 0 2 theme ethanol 92:98 arg1 concentrations 100:113 different ethanol concentrations 82:113 different ethanol concentrations 82:113 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides obtained from Chlorella pyrenoidosa via different ethanol concentrations. 27235730 4 3 theme stronger 737:744 arg1 activity 757:764 stronger scavenging activity 737:764 stronger scavenging activity against superoxide, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals 737:811 CPP70 exhibited stronger scavenging activity against superoxide, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, when compared with CPP60 and CPP85. 27235730 2 4 theme radicals 543:550 arg1 power 501:505 the reducing power 488:505 the reducing power 488:505 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 4 theme radicals 543:550 arg1 activity 522:529 scavenging activity 511:529 scavenging activity 511:529 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 5 theme radicals 620:627 arg1 power 501:505 the reducing power 488:505 the reducing power 488:505 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 5 theme radicals 620:627 arg1 activity 522:529 scavenging activity 511:529 scavenging activity 511:529 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 5 6 theme natural 997:1003 arg1 antioxidants 1005:1016 natural antioxidants 997:1016 natural antioxidants 997:1016 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 2 7 theme hydroxyl 534:541 arg1 radicals 543:550 hydroxyl radicals 534:550 hydroxyl radicals 534:550 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 8 theme anion 614:618 arg1 radicals 620:627 superoxide anion radicals 603:627 superoxide anion radicals 603:627 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 5 9 theme final 923:927 arg1 concentration 937:949 a final ethanol concentration 921:949 a final ethanol concentration of 70% 921:956 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 5 10 theme % 956:956 arg1 concentration 937:949 a final ethanol concentration 921:949 a final ethanol concentration of 70% 921:956 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 1 11 dep Chlorella 153:161 arg1 pyrenoidosa 163:173 pyrenoidosa 163:173 pyrenoidosa 163:173 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 2 12 theme each 462:465 arg1 activity 450:457 the antioxidant activity 434:457 the antioxidant activity of each 434:465 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 13 theme reducing 492:499 arg1 power 501:505 the reducing power 488:505 the reducing power 488:505 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 0 14 theme different 82:90 arg1 concentrations 100:113 different ethanol concentrations 82:113 different ethanol concentrations 82:113 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides obtained from Chlorella pyrenoidosa via different ethanol concentrations. 27235730 2 15 theme gas 406:408 arg1 chromatography 410:423 gas chromatography 406:423 gas chromatography (GC) 406:428 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 15 theme gas 406:408 arg1 GC 426:427 GC 426:427 GC 426:427 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 0 16 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activities 12:21 Antioxidant activities 0:21 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides 0:40 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides obtained from Chlorella pyrenoidosa via different ethanol concentrations. 27235730 2 17 theme monosaccharide 329:342 arg1 composition 344:354 The monosaccharide composition 325:354 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) 325:383 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 1 18 theme different 219:227 arg1 concentrations 229:242 different concentrations 219:242 different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation 219:271 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 0 19 theme polysaccharides 26:40 arg1 activities 12:21 Antioxidant activities 0:21 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides 0:40 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides obtained from Chlorella pyrenoidosa via different ethanol concentrations. 27235730 2 20 theme DPPH 584:587 arg1 radicals 590:597 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 553:597 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 553:597 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 1 21 theme ultrasonic-assisted 119:137 arg1 CPP60 287:291 CPP60 287:291 CPP60 287:291 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 21 theme ultrasonic-assisted 119:137 arg1 CPP70 294:298 CPP70 294:298 CPP70 294:298 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 21 theme ultrasonic-assisted 119:137 arg1 CPP85 304:308 CPP85 304:308 CPP85 304:308 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 21 theme ultrasonic-assisted 119:137 arg1 extraction 139:148 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction 116:148 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) 116:195 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 2 22 theme antioxidant 438:448 arg1 activity 450:457 the antioxidant activity 434:457 the antioxidant activity of each 434:465 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 4 23 theme hydroxyl 795:802 arg1 radicals 804:811 hydroxyl radicals 795:811 hydroxyl radicals 795:811 CPP70 exhibited stronger scavenging activity against superoxide, DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, when compared with CPP60 and CPP85. 27235730 2 24 theme polysaccharide 364:377 arg1 composition 344:354 The monosaccharide composition 325:354 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) 325:383 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 25 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 553:581 arg1 radicals 590:597 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 553:597 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals 553:597 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 3 26 theme antioxidant 690:700 arg1 activity 702:709 antioxidant activity 690:709 antioxidant activity 690:709 All of the polysaccharides examined possessed antioxidant activity in vitro. 27235730 5 27 theme ethanol 929:935 arg1 concentration 937:949 a final ethanol concentration 921:949 a final ethanol concentration of 70% 921:956 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 1 28 theme ethanol 247:253 arg1 concentrations 229:242 different concentrations 219:242 different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation 219:271 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 5 29 from pyrenoidosa 893:903 arg1 polysaccharides 869:883 polysaccharides 869:883 polysaccharides 869:883 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 3 30 contain possessed 680:688 arg1 All 644:646 All 644:646 All 644:646 All of the polysaccharides examined possessed antioxidant activity in vitro. 27235730 3 30 contain possessed 680:688 arg1 polysaccharides 655:669 the polysaccharides 651:669 the polysaccharides examined 651:678 All of the polysaccharides examined possessed antioxidant activity in vitro. 27235730 3 30 contain possessed 680:688 arg2 activity 702:709 antioxidant activity 690:709 antioxidant activity 690:709 All of the polysaccharides examined possessed antioxidant activity in vitro. 27235730 2 31 theme superoxide 603:612 arg1 radicals 620:627 superoxide anion radicals 603:627 superoxide anion radicals 603:627 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 0 32 theme Chlorella 56:64 arg1 pyrenoidosa 66:76 Chlorella pyrenoidosa 56:76 Chlorella pyrenoidosa 56:76 Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides obtained from Chlorella pyrenoidosa via different ethanol concentrations. 27235730 5 33 contain have 959:962 arg2 potential 968:976 the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals 964:1052 the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals 964:1052 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 5 33 contain have 959:962 arg1 polysaccharides 869:883 polysaccharides 869:883 polysaccharides 869:883 This suggests that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa precipitated by a final ethanol concentration of 70%, have the potential to be developed as natural antioxidants for use in food and pharmaceuticals. 27235730 1 34 theme Chlorella 153:161 arg1 CPP 192:194 CPP 192:194 CPP 192:194 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 34 theme Chlorella 153:161 arg1 polysaccharides 175:189 Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides 153:189 Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) 153:195 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 2 35 theme radicals 590:597 arg1 power 501:505 the reducing power 488:505 the reducing power 488:505 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 2 35 theme radicals 590:597 arg1 activity 522:529 scavenging activity 511:529 scavenging activity 511:529 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27235730 1 36 theme polysaccharides 175:189 arg1 CPP60 287:291 CPP60 287:291 CPP60 287:291 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 36 theme polysaccharides 175:189 arg1 CPP70 294:298 CPP70 294:298 CPP70 294:298 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 36 theme polysaccharides 175:189 arg1 CPP85 304:308 CPP85 304:308 CPP85 304:308 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 1 36 theme polysaccharides 175:189 arg1 extraction 139:148 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction 116:148 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) 116:195 An ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharides (CPP) was carried out using different concentrations of ethanol for precipitation, and named as CPP60, CPP70 and CPP85, respectively. 27235730 2 37 theme scavenging 511:520 arg1 activity 522:529 scavenging activity 511:529 scavenging activity 511:529 The monosaccharide composition of each polysaccharide (CPP) was determined using gas chromatography (GC) and the antioxidant activity of each was investigated via the reducing power and scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. 27268053 7 0 theme GDPD-like 1515:1523 arg1 domain 1525:1530 the GDPD-like domain 1511:1530 the GDPD-like domain 1511:1530 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 4 1 theme acid 927:930 arg1 backbone 869:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone 839:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 839:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 1 theme acid 927:930 arg1 decoration 777:786 the Gro3P decoration 767:786 the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 767:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 2 theme Ca 1332:1333 arg1 ions 1339:1342 Ca(2+) ions 1332:1342 Ca(2+) ions 1332:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 2 3 theme bacterial 401:409 arg1 viruses 411:417 bacterial viruses 401:417 bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria 401:480 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 2 3 theme bacterial 401:409 arg1 bacteriophages 420:433 bacteriophages 420:433 bacteriophages 420:433 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 6 4 theme plating 1321:1327 arg1 dependence 1255:1264 the dependence 1251:1264 the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1251:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 2 5 theme -like 340:344 arg1 domains 347:353 GDPD(-like) domains 335:353 GDPD(-like) domains 335:353 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 7 6 theme enzymatic 1488:1496 arg1 activity 1498:1505 any enzymatic activity 1484:1505 any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1484:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 4 7 theme glycosylated 895:906 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 7 theme glycosylated 895:906 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 8 theme surface-associated 706:723 arg1 carbohydrates 725:737 two complex surface-associated carbohydrates 694:737 two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope 694:764 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 9 theme efficiency 1307:1316 arg1 dependence 1255:1264 the dependence 1251:1264 the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1251:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 2 10 theme GDPD 335:338 arg1 domains 347:353 GDPD(-like) domains 335:353 GDPD(-like) domains 335:353 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 4 11 theme wall 913:916 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 11 theme wall 913:916 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 5 12 theme GDPDLd17 1110:1117 arg1 activity 1119:1126 GDPDLd17 activity 1110:1126 GDPDLd17 activity 1110:1126 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 3 13 theme b 550:550 arg1 representative 522:535 representative 522:535 representative 522:535 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 4 14 gly glycosylated 895:906 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 14 gly glycosylated 895:906 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 7 15 from activity 1498:1505 arg1 structure 1552:1560 the neck passage structure 1535:1560 the neck passage structure of phage 340 1535:1573 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 7 15 from activity 1498:1505 arg1 subsp 1606:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 6 16 theme adsorption 1291:1300 arg1 dependence 1255:1264 the dependence 1251:1264 the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1251:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 17 theme Ldb17 941:945 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 17 theme Ldb17 941:945 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 18 theme activity 1281:1288 arg1 dependence 1255:1264 the dependence 1251:1264 the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1251:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 6 19 theme ions 1339:1342 arg1 plating 1321:1327 plating 1321:1327 plating of Ca(2+) ions 1321:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 20 theme envelope 952:959 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 20 theme envelope 952:959 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 21 theme native 1269:1274 arg1 activity 1281:1288 native GDPD activity 1269:1288 native GDPD activity 1269:1288 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 22 theme Ldb17 746:750 arg1 envelope 757:764 the Ldb17 cell envelope 742:764 the Ldb17 cell envelope 742:764 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 23 theme genome 1419:1424 arg1 injection 1426:1434 phage genome injection 1413:1434 phage genome injection 1413:1434 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 7 24 theme lactis 1599:1604 arg1 structure 1552:1560 the neck passage structure 1535:1560 the neck passage structure of phage 340 1535:1573 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 7 24 theme lactis 1599:1604 arg1 subsp 1606:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 1 25 dep phosphodiesterases 120:137 arg1 GDPDs 140:144 GDPDs 140:144 GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46 140:157 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 1 26 theme sn-glycerol 206:216 arg1 Gro3P 231:235 Gro3P 231:235 Gro3P 231:235 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 1 26 theme sn-glycerol 206:216 arg1 3-phosphate 218:228 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate 206:228 sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) 206:236 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 7 27 theme 936-type 1578:1585 arg1 lactis 1599:1604 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis 1576:1604 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 4 28 theme d-galactan 824:833 arg1 backbone 869:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone 839:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 839:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 28 theme d-galactan 824:833 arg1 decoration 777:786 the Gro3P decoration 767:786 the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 767:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 29 theme phage 1389:1393 arg1 adsorption 1395:1404 phage adsorption 1389:1404 phage adsorption 1389:1404 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 2 30 theme Gram-positive 459:471 arg1 bacteria 473:480 Gram-positive bacteria 459:480 Gram-positive bacteria 459:480 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 1 31 theme Glycerophosphodiester 98:118 arg1 phosphodiesterases 120:137 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases 98:137 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) 98:158 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 5 32 theme wall 992:995 arg1 acid 1006:1009 cell wall teichoic acid 987:1009 cell wall teichoic acid 987:1009 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 4 33 theme Ldb 597:599 arg1 bacteriophages 612:625 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, 585:626 bacteriophages 612:625 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 34 theme surface 801:807 arg1 d-galactan 824:833 the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 791:833 the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 791:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 5 35 theme acid 1006:1009 arg1 Degradation 972:982 Degradation 972:982 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid 972:1009 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 1 36 dep GDPDs 140:144 arg1 EC 147:148 EC 3.1.4.46 147:157 GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46 140:157 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 4 37 theme -infecting 601:610 arg1 bacteriophages 612:625 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, 585:626 bacteriophages 612:625 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 0 38 theme delbrueckii 31:41 arg1 Ld17 57:60 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 17:60 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 17:60 The Baseplate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 Harbors a Glycerophosphodiesterase. 27268053 7 39 theme passage 1544:1550 arg1 structure 1552:1560 the neck passage structure 1535:1560 the neck passage structure of phage 340 1535:1573 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 7 39 theme passage 1544:1550 arg1 subsp 1606:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 0 40 theme Ld17 57:60 arg1 Baseplate 4:12 The Baseplate 0:12 The Baseplate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 0:60 The Baseplate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 Harbors a Glycerophosphodiesterase. 27268053 4 41 theme bulgaricus 585:594 arg1 bacteriophages 612:625 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, 585:626 bacteriophages 612:625 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 2 42 theme structural 378:387 arg1 particle 389:396 the structural particle 374:396 the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria 374:480 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 6 43 theme homotrimer 1158:1167 arg1 presence 1133:1140 The presence 1129:1140 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1129:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 8 44 theme lactis 1613:1618 arg1 bacteriophage 1620:1632 lactis bacteriophage 1613:1632 lactis bacteriophage. 1613:1633 lactis bacteriophage. 27268053 4 45 theme phosphate 858:866 arg1 backbone 869:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone 839:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 839:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 46 from presence 1133:1140 arg1 structure 1192:1200 the viral baseplate structure 1172:1200 the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1172:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 3 47 theme Lactobacillus 552:564 arg1 subsp 578:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 3 47 theme Lactobacillus 552:564 arg1 GDPD 487:490 The GDPD 483:490 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17) 483:519 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 2 48 theme viruses 411:417 arg1 particle 389:396 the structural particle 374:396 the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria 374:480 GDPD(-like) domains were identified in the structural particle of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) specifically infecting Gram-positive bacteria. 27268053 4 49 theme teichoic 918:925 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 49 theme teichoic 918:925 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 50 theme envelope 757:764 arg1 carbohydrates 725:737 two complex surface-associated carbohydrates 694:737 two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope 694:764 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 51 theme phage-host 1214:1223 arg1 interaction 1225:1235 phage-host interaction 1214:1235 phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1214:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 52 theme complex 698:704 arg1 carbohydrates 725:737 two complex surface-associated carbohydrates 694:737 two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope 694:764 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 53 theme cell 908:911 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 53 theme cell 908:911 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 54 theme GDPDLd17 1364:1371 arg1 activity 1373:1380 GDPDLd17 activity 1364:1380 GDPDLd17 activity 1364:1380 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 6 55 theme baseplate 1182:1190 arg1 structure 1192:1200 the viral baseplate structure 1172:1200 the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1172:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 56 theme simple 664:669 arg1 glycerophosphodiester 671:691 the simple glycerophosphodiester 660:691 the simple glycerophosphodiester 660:691 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 3 57 theme group 544:548 arg1 b 550:550 the group b 540:550 the group b 540:550 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 4 58 dep shown 632:636 arg1 backbone 869:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone 839:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 839:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 58 dep shown 632:636 arg1 decoration 777:786 the Gro3P decoration 767:786 the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 767:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 1 59 theme corresponding 248:260 arg1 alcohol 262:268 their corresponding alcohol 242:268 their corresponding alcohol 242:268 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 1 60 from processes 297:305 arg1 eukaryotes 323:332 eukaryotes 323:332 eukaryotes 323:332 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 1 60 from processes 297:305 arg1 bacteria 310:317 bacteria 310:317 bacteria 310:317 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 4 61 theme minor 935:939 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 61 theme minor 935:939 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 6 62 theme GDPD 1276:1279 arg1 activity 1281:1288 native GDPD activity 1269:1288 native GDPD activity 1269:1288 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 63 theme cell 947:950 arg1 acid 927:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid 881:930 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 63 theme cell 947:950 arg1 component 961:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 933:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 64 theme Gro3P 771:775 arg1 decoration 777:786 the Gro3P decoration 767:786 the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 767:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 7 65 theme Lactococcus 1587:1597 arg1 lactis 1599:1604 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis 1576:1604 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 6 66 theme phage 1413:1417 arg1 injection 1426:1434 phage genome injection 1413:1434 phage genome injection 1413:1434 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 67 theme cell 752:755 arg1 envelope 757:764 the Ldb17 cell envelope 742:764 the Ldb17 cell envelope 742:764 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 4 68 theme polysaccharide 809:822 arg1 d-galactan 824:833 the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 791:833 the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 791:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 5 69 theme cell 987:990 arg1 acid 1006:1009 cell wall teichoic acid 987:1009 cell wall teichoic acid 987:1009 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 3 70 theme phage 495:499 arg1 subsp 578:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 3 70 theme phage 495:499 arg1 GDPDLd17 511:518 GDPDLd17 511:518 GDPDLd17 511:518 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 3 70 theme phage 495:499 arg1 GDPD 487:490 The GDPD 483:490 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17) 483:519 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 0 71 theme Lactobacillus 17:29 arg1 Ld17 57:60 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 17:60 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 17:60 The Baseplate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 Harbors a Glycerophosphodiesterase. 27268053 5 72 theme teichoic 997:1004 arg1 acid 1006:1009 cell wall teichoic acid 987:1009 cell wall teichoic acid 987:1009 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 4 73 theme major 795:799 arg1 d-galactan 824:833 the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 791:833 the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan 791:833 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 0 74 theme Bacteriophage 43:55 arg1 Ld17 57:60 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 17:60 Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 17:60 The Baseplate of Lactobacillus delbrueckii Bacteriophage Ld17 Harbors a Glycerophosphodiesterase. 27268053 7 75 theme phage 1565:1569 arg1 structure 1552:1560 the neck passage structure 1535:1560 the neck passage structure of phage 340 1535:1573 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 7 75 theme phage 1565:1569 arg1 subsp 1606:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 5 76 theme Gro3P 1058:1062 arg1 substitution 1064:1075 Gro3P substitution 1058:1075 Gro3P substitution 1058:1075 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 6 77 attach presence 1133:1140 arg2 homotrimer 1158:1167 the GDPDLd17 homotrimer 1145:1167 the GDPDLd17 homotrimer 1145:1167 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 6 77 attach presence 1133:1140 arg1 structure 1192:1200 the viral baseplate structure 1172:1200 the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1172:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 6 78 theme viral 1176:1180 arg1 structure 1192:1200 the viral baseplate structure 1172:1200 the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions 1172:1342 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 7 79 theme neck 1539:1542 arg1 structure 1552:1560 the neck passage structure 1535:1560 the neck passage structure of phage 340 1535:1573 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 7 79 theme neck 1539:1542 arg1 subsp 1606:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp 1576:1610 In contrast to GDPDLd17, we could not identify any enzymatic activity for the GDPD-like domain in the neck passage structure of phage 340, a 936-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. 27268053 5 80 theme exolytic 1034:1041 arg1 mechanism 1043:1051 an exolytic mechanism 1031:1051 an exolytic mechanism 1031:1051 Degradation of cell wall teichoic acid occurs according to an exolytic mechanism, and Gro3P substitution is presumed to be inhibitory for GDPDLd17 activity. 27268053 4 81 theme oligo 843:847 arg1 backbone 869:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone 839:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 839:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 3 82 theme representative 522:535 arg1 subsp 578:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 3 82 theme representative 522:535 arg1 GDPD 487:490 The GDPD 483:490 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17) 483:519 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 1 83 theme patho/physiological 277:295 arg1 processes 297:305 patho/physiological processes 277:305 patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes 277:332 Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDPDs; EC 3.1.4.46) typically hydrolyze glycerophosphodiesters to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P) and their corresponding alcohol during patho/physiological processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. 27268053 6 84 theme GDPDLd17 1149:1156 arg1 homotrimer 1158:1167 the GDPDLd17 homotrimer 1145:1167 the GDPDLd17 homotrimer 1145:1167 The presence of the GDPDLd17 homotrimer in the viral baseplate structure involved in phage-host interaction together with the dependence of native GDPD activity, adsorption, and efficiency of plating of Ca(2+) ions supports a role for GDPDLd17 activity during phage adsorption and/or phage genome injection. 27268053 4 85 theme glycerol 849:856 arg1 backbone 869:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone 839:876 the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component 839:969 bulgaricus (Ldb)-infecting bacteriophages, was shown to hydrolyze, besides the simple glycerophosphodiester, two complex surface-associated carbohydrates of the Ldb17 cell envelope: the Gro3P decoration of the major surface polysaccharide d-galactan and the oligo(glycerol phosphate) backbone of the partially glycosylated cell wall teichoic acid, a minor Ldb17 cell envelope component. 27268053 3 86 theme delbrueckii 566:576 arg1 subsp 578:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp 522:582 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 27268053 3 86 theme delbrueckii 566:576 arg1 GDPD 487:490 The GDPD 483:490 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17) 483:519 The GDPD of phage 17 (Ld17; GDPDLd17), representative of the group b Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. 26675848 1 0 theme solvent 260:266 arg1 time 314:317 a long reaction time 298:317 a long reaction time 298:317 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 1 0 theme solvent 260:266 arg1 use 247:249 extensive use 237:249 extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water 237:292 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 2 1 theme hot 522:524 arg1 extraction 532:541 hot water extraction 522:541 hot water extraction 522:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 0 2 theme compressional-puffing-hydrothermal 95:128 arg1 process 141:147 a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process 93:147 a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process 93:147 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 6 3 theme antioxidant 1215:1225 arg1 agents 1227:1232 potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1188:1232 potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1188:1232 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 4 4 theme extraction 771:780 arg1 % 835:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% 810:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4) 810:841 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 4 theme extraction 771:780 arg1 yield 782:786 the maximum extraction yield 759:786 the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide 759:804 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 1 5 theme high 271:274 arg1 water 288:292 high temperature water 271:292 high temperature water 271:292 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 6 6 theme further 1147:1153 arg1 exploration 1155:1165 further exploration 1147:1165 further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1147:1232 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 5 7 theme fucoidan 1080:1087 arg1 characteristics 1061:1075 characteristics 1061:1075 characteristics of fucoidan 1061:1087 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 8 theme monosaccharide 941:954 arg1 composition 956:966 monosaccharide composition 941:966 monosaccharide composition 941:966 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 4 9 theme maximum 763:769 arg1 % 835:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% 810:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4) 810:841 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 9 theme maximum 763:769 arg1 yield 782:786 the maximum extraction yield 759:786 the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide 759:804 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 1 10 theme temperature 276:286 arg1 water 288:292 high temperature water 271:292 high temperature water 271:292 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 2 11 theme water 526:530 arg1 extraction 532:541 hot water extraction 522:541 hot water extraction 522:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 6 12 dep potential 1188:1196 arg1 natural 1198:1204 natural 1198:1204 natural 1198:1204 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 4 13 used utilized 731:738 arg2 glaucescens 710:720 Sargassum glaucescens 700:720 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) 700:725 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 13 used utilized 731:738 arg2 SG 723:724 SG 723:724 SG 723:724 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 5 14 theme composition 956:966 arg1 Fourier 877:883 Fourier 877:883 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis 877:918 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 14 theme composition 956:966 arg1 chromatography 855:868 Thin layer chromatography 844:868 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 844:874 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 14 theme composition 956:966 arg1 measurements 925:936 measurements 925:936 measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents 925:1009 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 14 theme composition 956:966 arg1 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 15 theme layer 849:853 arg1 chromatography 855:868 Thin layer chromatography 844:868 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 844:874 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 15 theme layer 849:853 arg1 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 0 16 theme extraction 130:139 arg1 process 141:147 a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process 93:147 a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process 93:147 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 3 17 theme CPHE 548:551 arg1 process 553:559 The CPHE process 544:559 The CPHE process 544:559 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 2 18 theme CPHE 406:409 arg1 process 412:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process 351:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction 351:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 5 19 theme uronic 990:995 arg1 contents 1002:1009 uronic acid contents 990:1009 uronic acid contents 990:1009 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 20 dep Fourier 877:883 arg1 transform 885:893 transform 885:893 transform infrared (FTIR) analysis 885:918 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 4 21 theme Sargassum 700:708 arg1 SG 723:724 SG 723:724 SG 723:724 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 21 theme Sargassum 700:708 arg1 glaucescens 710:720 Sargassum glaucescens 700:720 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) 700:725 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 0 22 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activities 12:21 Antioxidant activities 0:21 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan 0:51 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 1 23 theme water 288:292 arg1 time 314:317 a long reaction time 298:317 a long reaction time 298:317 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 1 23 theme water 288:292 arg1 use 247:249 extensive use 237:249 extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water 237:292 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 5 24 theme extracted 1029:1037 arg1 polysaccharide 1039:1052 the extracted polysaccharide 1025:1052 the extracted polysaccharide 1025:1052 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 3 25 theme advantages 582:591 arg1 feasibility 661:671 feasibility 661:671 feasibility 661:671 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 3 25 theme advantages 582:591 arg1 number 572:577 a number 570:577 a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production 570:697 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 3 25 theme advantages 582:591 arg1 procedure 610:618 simple procedure 603:618 simple procedure 603:618 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 3 25 theme advantages 582:591 arg1 reactant-saving 621:635 reactant-saving 621:635 reactant-saving 621:635 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 3 25 theme advantages 582:591 arg1 pollution 646:654 reduced pollution 638:654 reduced pollution 638:654 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 0 26 theme fucoidan 44:51 arg1 extracts 32:39 crude extracts 26:39 crude extracts of fucoidan 26:51 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 2 27 theme extraction 394:403 arg1 process 412:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process 351:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction 351:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 0 28 theme crude 26:30 arg1 extracts 32:39 crude extracts 26:39 crude extracts of fucoidan 26:51 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 2 29 theme novel 353:357 arg1 process 412:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process 351:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction 351:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 5 30 theme contents 1002:1009 arg1 Fourier 877:883 Fourier 877:883 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis 877:918 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 30 theme contents 1002:1009 arg1 chromatography 855:868 Thin layer chromatography 844:868 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 844:874 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 30 theme contents 1002:1009 arg1 measurements 925:936 measurements 925:936 measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents 925:1009 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 30 theme contents 1002:1009 arg1 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 1 31 theme brown 221:225 arg1 algae 227:231 brown algae 221:231 brown algae 221:231 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 5 32 dep infrared 895:902 arg1 FTIR 905:908 FTIR 905:908 FTIR 905:908 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 6 33 theme extracts 1176:1183 arg1 exploration 1155:1165 further exploration 1147:1165 further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1147:1232 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 6 34 theme potential 1188:1196 arg1 agents 1227:1232 potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1188:1232 potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1188:1232 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 2 35 theme compressional-puffing-hydrothermal 359:392 arg1 process 412:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process 351:418 a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction 351:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 1 36 theme long 300:303 arg1 time 314:317 a long reaction time 298:317 a long reaction time 298:317 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 0 37 theme extracts 32:39 arg1 activities 12:21 Antioxidant activities 0:21 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan 0:51 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 1 38 theme reaction 305:312 arg1 time 314:317 a long reaction time 298:317 a long reaction time 298:317 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 2 39 theme cellular 451:458 arg1 structure 460:468 the cellular structure 447:468 the cellular structure of algae 447:477 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 1 40 theme extensive 237:245 arg1 use 247:249 extensive use 237:249 extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water 237:292 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 5 41 theme acid 997:1000 arg1 contents 1002:1009 uronic acid contents 990:1009 uronic acid contents 990:1009 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 42 theme infrared 895:902 arg1 analysis 911:918 infrared (FTIR) analysis 895:918 infrared (FTIR) analysis 895:918 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 2 43 theme algae 473:477 arg1 structure 460:468 the cellular structure 447:468 the cellular structure of algae 447:477 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 3 44 theme simple 603:608 arg1 procedure 610:618 simple procedure 603:618 simple procedure 603:618 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 6 45 theme safe 1210:1213 arg1 agents 1227:1232 potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1188:1232 potential natural and safe antioxidant agents 1188:1232 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 5 46 theme fucose 969:974 arg1 Fourier 877:883 Fourier 877:883 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis 877:918 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 46 theme fucose 969:974 arg1 chromatography 855:868 Thin layer chromatography 844:868 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 844:874 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 46 theme fucose 969:974 arg1 measurements 925:936 measurements 925:936 measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents 925:1009 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 46 theme fucose 969:974 arg1 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 3 47 theme reduced 638:644 arg1 pollution 646:654 reduced pollution 638:654 reduced pollution 638:654 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 4 48 theme ± 829:829 arg1 yield 782:786 the maximum extraction yield 759:786 the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide 759:804 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 48 theme ± 829:829 arg1 SG4 838:840 SG4 838:840 SG4 838:840 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 48 theme ± 829:829 arg1 % 835:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% 810:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4) 810:841 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 6 49 theme antioxidant 1113:1123 arg1 activities 1125:1134 antioxidant activities 1113:1134 antioxidant activities 1113:1134 All extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and thus, further exploration of these extracts as potential natural and safe antioxidant agents is warranted. 26675848 3 50 theme continuous 677:686 arg1 production 688:697 continuous production 677:697 continuous production 677:697 The CPHE process provides a number of advantages including simple procedure, reactant-saving, reduced pollution, and feasibility for continuous production. 26675848 4 51 theme polysaccharide 791:804 arg1 % 835:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% 810:835 approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4) 810:841 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 4 51 theme polysaccharide 791:804 arg1 yield 782:786 the maximum extraction yield 759:786 the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide 759:804 Sargassum glaucescens (SG) was utilized in this study, and the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharide was approximately 9.83 ± 0.11% (SG4). 26675848 2 52 theme present 323:329 arg1 study 331:335 present study 323:335 present study 323:335 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 0 53 theme Sargassum 68:76 arg1 glaucescens 78:88 Sargassum glaucescens 68:88 Sargassum glaucescens 68:88 Antioxidant activities of crude extracts of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum glaucescens by a compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process. 26675848 5 54 theme Thin 844:847 arg1 chromatography 855:868 Thin layer chromatography 844:868 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 844:874 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 54 theme Thin 844:847 arg1 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 55 theme sulfate 977:983 arg1 Fourier 877:883 Fourier 877:883 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis 877:918 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 55 theme sulfate 977:983 arg1 chromatography 855:868 Thin layer chromatography 844:868 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) 844:874 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 55 theme sulfate 977:983 arg1 measurements 925:936 measurements 925:936 measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents 925:1009 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 5 55 theme sulfate 977:983 arg1 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 TLC 871:873 Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and measurements of monosaccharide composition, fucose, sulfate, and uronic acid contents revealed that the extracted polysaccharide showed characteristics of fucoidan. 26675848 1 56 theme multifunctional 162:176 arg1 polymer 185:191 a multifunctional marine polymer 160:191 a multifunctional marine polymer 160:191 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 1 56 theme multifunctional 162:176 arg1 Fucoidan 150:157 Fucoidan 150:157 Fucoidan 150:157 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 1 57 theme acid 254:257 arg1 time 314:317 a long reaction time 298:317 a long reaction time 298:317 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 1 57 theme acid 254:257 arg1 use 247:249 extensive use 237:249 extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water 237:292 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 2 58 theme fucoidan 510:517 arg1 release 499:505 the release 495:505 the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction 495:541 In present study, we developed a novel compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction (CPHE) process which primarily decomposes the cellular structure of algae and facilitates the release of fucoidan by hot water extraction. 26675848 1 59 theme marine 178:183 arg1 polymer 185:191 a multifunctional marine polymer 160:191 a multifunctional marine polymer 160:191 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 26675848 1 59 theme marine 178:183 arg1 Fucoidan 150:157 Fucoidan 150:157 Fucoidan 150:157 Fucoidan, a multifunctional marine polymer, is normally extracted from brown algae via extensive use of acid, solvent or high temperature water and a long reaction time. 25965493 1 0 theme main 219:222 arg1 grounds 109:115 Spent coffee grounds 96:115 Spent coffee grounds (SCG) 96:121 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 0 theme main 219:222 arg1 residues 240:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 2 1 theme sodium 453:458 arg1 hydroxide 460:468 sodium hydroxide 453:468 sodium hydroxide at 25°C 453:476 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 3 2 theme dominant 639:646 arg1 Galactose 609:617 Galactose 609:617 Galactose (60.27%mol) 609:629 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 2 theme dominant 639:646 arg1 sugar 648:652 the dominant sugar 635:652 the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides 635:685 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 1 3 theme coffee 224:229 arg1 grounds 109:115 Spent coffee grounds 96:115 Spent coffee grounds (SCG) 96:121 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 3 theme coffee 224:229 arg1 residues 240:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 4 theme roasted 328:334 arg1 beans 343:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 2 5 theme antimicrobial 550:562 arg1 properties 564:573 the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties 530:573 the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides 530:606 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 6 6 theme food 1161:1164 arg1 industry 1166:1173 the food industry 1157:1173 the food industry 1157:1173 These findings allow identifying possible applications for these polysaccharides in the food industry. 25965493 6 7 from polysaccharides 1138:1152 arg1 industry 1166:1173 the food industry 1157:1173 the food industry 1157:1173 These findings allow identifying possible applications for these polysaccharides in the food industry. 25965493 1 8 theme industry 231:238 arg1 grounds 109:115 Spent coffee grounds 96:115 Spent coffee grounds (SCG) 96:121 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 8 theme industry 231:238 arg1 residues 240:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 9 theme coffee 336:341 arg1 beans 343:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 4 10 theme SCG 767:769 arg1 polysaccharides 771:785 SCG polysaccharides 767:785 SCG polysaccharides 767:785 SCG polysaccharides were thermostable, and presented a typical carbohydrate pattern. 25965493 6 11 theme possible 1106:1113 arg1 applications 1115:1126 possible applications 1106:1126 possible applications for these polysaccharides in the food industry 1106:1173 These findings allow identifying possible applications for these polysaccharides in the food industry. 25965493 5 12 theme good 878:881 arg1 activity 895:902 good antioxidant activity 878:902 good antioxidant activity 878:902 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 1 13 theme coffee 158:163 arg1 powder 165:170 coffee powder 158:170 coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee 158:208 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 3 14 theme recovered 661:669 arg1 polysaccharides 671:685 the recovered polysaccharides 657:685 the recovered polysaccharides 657:685 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 2 15 theme polysaccharides 592:606 arg1 properties 564:573 the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties 530:573 the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides 530:606 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 2 15 theme polysaccharides 592:606 arg1 composition 506:516 the chemical composition 493:516 the chemical composition 493:516 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 5 16 theme antioxidant 883:893 arg1 activity 895:902 good antioxidant activity 878:902 good antioxidant activity 878:902 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 1 17 theme powder 165:170 arg1 processing 144:153 the processing 140:153 the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee 140:208 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 2 18 theme extracted 582:590 arg1 polysaccharides 592:606 the extracted polysaccharides 578:606 the extracted polysaccharides 578:606 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 1 19 theme Spent 96:100 arg1 SCG 118:120 SCG 118:120 SCG 118:120 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 19 theme Spent 96:100 arg1 grounds 109:115 Spent coffee grounds 96:115 Spent coffee grounds (SCG) 96:121 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 19 theme Spent 96:100 arg1 residues 240:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 20 theme coffee 102:107 arg1 SCG 118:120 SCG 118:120 SCG 118:120 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 20 theme coffee 102:107 arg1 grounds 109:115 Spent coffee grounds 96:115 Spent coffee grounds (SCG) 96:121 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 20 theme coffee 102:107 arg1 residues 240:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 the main coffee industry residues 215:247 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 21 theme hot 177:179 arg1 water 181:185 hot water 177:185 hot water 177:185 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 3 22 theme 19.93 711:715 arg1 mol 717:719 19.93%mol 711:719 19.93%mol 711:719 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 22 theme 19.93 711:715 arg1 arabinose 700:708 arabinose 700:708 arabinose (19.93%mol) 700:720 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 1 23 from beans 343:347 arg1 present 313:319 present 313:319 present 313:319 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 3 24 theme 60.27 620:624 arg1 Galactose 609:617 Galactose 609:617 Galactose (60.27%mol) 609:629 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 24 theme 60.27 620:624 arg1 mol 626:628 60.27%mol 620:628 60.27%mol 620:628 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 2 25 theme extract 383:389 arg1 purpose 354:360 The purpose 350:360 The purpose of this study 350:374 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 2 25 theme extract 383:389 arg1 polysaccharides 391:405 extract polysaccharides 383:405 extract polysaccharides from SCG 383:414 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 0 26 theme spent 51:55 arg1 grounds 64:70 spent coffee grounds 51:70 spent coffee grounds 51:70 Characterization of polysaccharides extracted from spent coffee grounds by alkali pretreatment. 25965493 1 27 theme seventy 274:280 arg1 percent 282:288 seventy percent 274:288 seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans 274:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 4 28 theme carbohydrate 830:841 arg1 pattern 843:849 a typical carbohydrate pattern 820:849 a typical carbohydrate pattern 820:849 SCG polysaccharides were thermostable, and presented a typical carbohydrate pattern. 25965493 3 29 theme % 625:625 arg1 Galactose 609:617 Galactose 609:617 Galactose (60.27%mol) 609:629 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 29 theme % 625:625 arg1 mol 626:628 60.27%mol 620:628 60.27%mol 620:628 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 4 30 theme typical 822:828 arg1 pattern 843:849 a typical carbohydrate pattern 820:849 a typical carbohydrate pattern 820:849 SCG polysaccharides were thermostable, and presented a typical carbohydrate pattern. 25965493 2 31 theme study 370:374 arg1 purpose 354:360 The purpose 350:360 The purpose of this study 350:374 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 2 31 theme study 370:374 arg1 polysaccharides 391:405 extract polysaccharides 383:405 extract polysaccharides from SCG 383:414 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 3 32 from sugar 648:652 arg1 polysaccharides 671:685 the recovered polysaccharides 657:685 the recovered polysaccharides 657:685 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 2 33 theme chemical 497:504 arg1 composition 506:516 the chemical composition 493:516 the chemical composition 493:516 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 2 34 from 25°C 473:476 arg1 hydroxide 460:468 sodium hydroxide 453:468 sodium hydroxide at 25°C 453:476 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 1 35 theme soluble 195:201 arg1 coffee 203:208 soluble coffee 195:208 soluble coffee 195:208 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 36 from present 313:319 arg1 beans 343:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 2 37 theme antioxidant 534:544 arg1 properties 564:573 the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties 530:573 the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides 530:606 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 5 38 theme high 944:947 arg1 inhibition 971:980 high antimicrobial percent inhibition 944:980 high antimicrobial percent inhibition 944:980 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 0 39 theme coffee 57:62 arg1 grounds 64:70 spent coffee grounds 51:70 spent coffee grounds 51:70 Characterization of polysaccharides extracted from spent coffee grounds by alkali pretreatment. 25965493 3 40 theme % 716:716 arg1 mol 717:719 19.93%mol 711:719 19.93%mol 711:719 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 40 theme % 716:716 arg1 arabinose 700:708 arabinose 700:708 arabinose (19.93%mol) 700:720 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 2 41 from SCG 412:414 arg1 purpose 354:360 The purpose 350:360 The purpose of this study 350:374 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 2 41 from SCG 412:414 arg1 polysaccharides 391:405 extract polysaccharides 383:405 extract polysaccharides from SCG 383:414 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 5 42 theme percent 963:969 arg1 inhibition 971:980 high antimicrobial percent inhibition 944:980 high antimicrobial percent inhibition 944:980 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 5 43 theme antimicrobial 949:961 arg1 inhibition 971:980 high antimicrobial percent inhibition 944:980 high antimicrobial percent inhibition 944:980 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 1 44 attach present 313:319 arg2 polysaccharides 297:311 the polysaccharides 293:311 the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans 293:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 44 attach present 313:319 arg1 beans 343:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 the roasted coffee beans 324:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 1 45 theme polysaccharides 297:311 arg1 percent 282:288 seventy percent 274:288 seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans 274:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 3 46 theme 15.37 732:736 arg1 glucose 723:729 glucose 723:729 glucose (15.37%mol) 723:741 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 46 theme 15.37 732:736 arg1 mol 738:740 15.37%mol 732:740 15.37%mol 732:740 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 1 47 with powder 165:170 arg1 water 181:185 hot water 177:185 hot water 177:185 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 3 48 theme % 737:737 arg1 glucose 723:729 glucose 723:729 glucose (15.37%mol) 723:741 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 3 48 theme % 737:737 arg1 mol 738:740 15.37%mol 732:740 15.37%mol 732:740 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 0 49 theme alkali 75:80 arg1 pretreatment 82:93 alkali pretreatment 75:93 alkali pretreatment 75:93 Characterization of polysaccharides extracted from spent coffee grounds by alkali pretreatment. 25965493 5 50 theme different 912:920 arg1 methods 922:928 different methods 912:928 different methods 912:928 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 3 51 theme 4.43 756:759 arg1 % 760:760 % 760:760 % 760:760 Galactose (60.27%mol) was the dominant sugar in the recovered polysaccharides, followed by arabinose (19.93%mol), glucose (15.37%mol) and mannose (4.43%mol). 25965493 5 52 dep violacea 996:1003 arg1 % 1044:1044 41.27% 1039:1044 41.27% 1039:1044 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 5 52 dep violacea 996:1003 arg1 % 1055:1055 54.60% 1050:1055 54.60% 1050:1055 Additionally, they showed good antioxidant activity through different methods and presented high antimicrobial percent inhibition against Phoma violacea and Cladosporium cladosporioides (41.27% and 54.60%, respectively). 25965493 2 53 theme alkali 428:433 arg1 pretreatment 435:446 an alkali pretreatment 425:446 an alkali pretreatment 425:446 The purpose of this study was to extract polysaccharides from SCG by using an alkali pretreatment with sodium hydroxide at 25°C, and determine the chemical composition, as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracted polysaccharides. 25965493 1 54 theme present 313:319 arg1 polysaccharides 297:311 the polysaccharides 293:311 the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans 293:347 Spent coffee grounds (SCG), obtained during the processing of coffee powder with hot water to make soluble coffee, are the main coffee industry residues and retain approximately seventy percent of the polysaccharides present in the roasted coffee beans. 25965493 0 55 theme polysaccharides 20:34 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of polysaccharides 0:34 Characterization of polysaccharides extracted from spent coffee grounds by alkali pretreatment. 25548871 5 0 theme strength 583:590 arg1 results 592:598 Tensile strength results 575:598 Tensile strength results 575:598 Tensile strength results expectedly show that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increases the mechanical strength of the composites. 25548871 7 1 theme release 897:903 arg1 rates 905:909 release rates 897:909 release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite 897:974 Interestingly, release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite are faster and independent of concentration of CS and CEL. 25548871 6 2 theme three-component 854:868 arg1 composites 870:879 three-component composites 854:879 three-component composites 854:879 We found that CEL, CS, and KER can encapsulate drugs such as ciprofloxacin (CPX) and then release the drug either as a single or as two- or three-component composites. 25548871 9 3 from concentration 1238:1250 arg1 composites 1266:1275 the composites 1262:1275 the composites 1262:1275 Furthermore, the reducing rate was found to correlate with the concentration of KER in the composites. 25548871 3 4 theme Butylmethylimmidazolium 268:290 arg1 chloride 292:299 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 268:299 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]) 268:316 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 4 theme Butylmethylimmidazolium 268:290 arg1 solvent 357:363 the sole solvent 348:363 the sole solvent 348:363 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 4 theme Butylmethylimmidazolium 268:290 arg1 Cl 310:311 Cl 310:311 Cl 310:311 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 4 theme Butylmethylimmidazolium 268:290 arg1 liquid 328:333 liquid 328:333 liquid 328:333 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 4 theme Butylmethylimmidazolium 268:290 arg1 [BMIm 302:306 [BMIm(+)Cl(-) 302:314 [BMIm 302:306 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 13 5 theme [CEL+CS+KER 1673:1683 arg1 composite 1686:1694 the [CEL+CS+KER] composite 1669:1694 the [CEL+CS+KER] composite 1669:1694 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 10 6 contain have 1306:1309 arg1 KER 1278:1280 KER 1278:1280 KER 1278:1280 KER, a protein, is known to have secondary structure, whereas CEL and CS exist only in random form. 25548871 10 6 contain have 1306:1309 arg1 protein 1285:1291 a protein 1283:1291 a protein 1283:1291 KER, a protein, is known to have secondary structure, whereas CEL and CS exist only in random form. 25548871 10 6 contain have 1306:1309 arg2 structure 1321:1329 secondary structure 1311:1329 secondary structure 1311:1329 KER, a protein, is known to have secondary structure, whereas CEL and CS exist only in random form. 25548871 2 7 theme mechanical 225:234 arg1 strength 236:243 mechanical strength 225:243 mechanical strength 225:243 A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. 25548871 13 8 theme superior 1747:1754 arg1 components 1727:1736 its components 1723:1736 its components 1723:1736 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 8 theme superior 1747:1754 arg1 CEL 1777:1779 CEL 1777:1779 CEL 1777:1779 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 8 theme superior 1747:1754 arg1 strength 1767:1774 superior mechanical strength 1747:1774 superior mechanical strength (CEL) 1747:1780 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 10 9 theme random 1365:1370 arg1 form 1372:1375 random form 1365:1375 random form 1365:1375 KER, a protein, is known to have secondary structure, whereas CEL and CS exist only in random form. 25548871 13 10 theme drug 1831:1834 arg1 KER 1845:1847 KER 1845:1847 KER 1845:1847 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 10 theme drug 1831:1834 arg1 release 1836:1842 controlled drug release 1820:1842 controlled drug release (KER) 1820:1848 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 10 theme drug 1831:1834 arg1 components 1727:1736 its components 1723:1736 its components 1723:1736 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 11 theme mechanical 1756:1765 arg1 components 1727:1736 its components 1723:1736 its components 1723:1736 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 11 theme mechanical 1756:1765 arg1 CEL 1777:1779 CEL 1777:1779 CEL 1777:1779 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 11 theme mechanical 1756:1765 arg1 strength 1767:1774 superior mechanical strength 1747:1774 superior mechanical strength (CEL) 1747:1780 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 12 12 theme KER 1619:1621 arg1 concentration 1602:1614 the concentration 1598:1614 the concentration of KER in the composites 1598:1639 The results clearly indicate that drug release can be controlled and adjusted at any rate by judiciously selecting the concentration of KER in the composites. 25548871 1 13 theme drug 65:68 arg1 release 70:76 drug release 65:76 drug release 65:76 Controlled drug release. 25548871 5 14 theme mechanical 675:684 arg1 strength 686:693 the mechanical strength 671:693 the mechanical strength of the composites 671:711 Tensile strength results expectedly show that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increases the mechanical strength of the composites. 25548871 7 15 theme CPX 914:916 arg1 rates 905:909 release rates 897:909 release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite 897:974 Interestingly, release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite are faster and independent of concentration of CS and CEL. 25548871 12 16 from concentration 1602:1614 arg1 composites 1630:1639 the composites 1626:1639 the composites 1626:1639 The results clearly indicate that drug release can be controlled and adjusted at any rate by judiciously selecting the concentration of KER in the composites. 25548871 7 17 dep CPX 914:916 arg1 either 932:937 either 932:937 either 932:937 Interestingly, release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite are faster and independent of concentration of CS and CEL. 25548871 4 18 from composites 563:572 arg1 intact 549:554 intact 549:554 intact 549:554 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm that KER, CS, and CEL remain chemically intact in the composites. 25548871 12 19 theme drug 1517:1520 arg1 release 1522:1528 drug release 1517:1528 drug release 1517:1528 The results clearly indicate that drug release can be controlled and adjusted at any rate by judiciously selecting the concentration of KER in the composites. 25548871 0 20 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 materials 43:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials 0:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 0:52 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 25548871 3 21 used used 340:343 arg2 Cl 310:311 Cl 310:311 Cl 310:311 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 21 used used 340:343 arg2 solvent 357:363 the sole solvent 348:363 the sole solvent 348:363 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 21 used used 340:343 arg2 [BMIm 302:306 [BMIm(+)Cl(-) 302:314 [BMIm 302:306 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 21 used used 340:343 arg2 liquid 328:333 liquid 328:333 liquid 328:333 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 21 used used 340:343 arg2 chloride 292:299 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 268:299 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]) 268:316 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 2 22 contain have 213:216 arg2 utilization 255:265 wider utilization 249:265 wider utilization 249:265 A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. 25548871 2 22 contain have 213:216 arg2 strength 236:243 mechanical strength 225:243 mechanical strength 225:243 A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. 25548871 2 22 contain have 213:216 arg1 composites 199:208 [CEL/CS+KER] composites 186:208 [CEL/CS+KER] composites 186:208 A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. 25548871 4 23 from intact 549:554 arg1 composites 563:572 the composites 559:572 the composites 559:572 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm that KER, CS, and CEL remain chemically intact in the composites. 25548871 2 24 theme wider 249:253 arg1 utilization 255:265 wider utilization 249:265 wider utilization 249:265 A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. 25548871 13 25 contain has 1696:1698 arg1 composite 1686:1694 the [CEL+CS+KER] composite 1669:1694 the [CEL+CS+KER] composite 1669:1694 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 25 contain has 1696:1698 arg2 properties 1709:1718 combined properties 1700:1718 combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), 1700:1849 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 3 26 theme sole 352:355 arg1 chloride 292:299 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 268:299 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]) 268:316 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 3 26 theme sole 352:355 arg1 solvent 357:363 the sole solvent 348:363 the sole solvent 348:363 Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm(+)Cl(-)]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. 25548871 0 27 theme keratin 25:31 arg1 materials 43:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials 0:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 0:52 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 25548871 7 28 theme CEL 1030:1032 arg1 concentration 1006:1018 concentration 1006:1018 concentration of CS and CEL 1006:1032 Interestingly, release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite are faster and independent of concentration of CS and CEL. 25548871 4 29 theme infrared 471:478 arg1 spectroscopy 480:491 infrared spectroscopy results 471:499 infrared spectroscopy results 471:499 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm that KER, CS, and CEL remain chemically intact in the composites. 25548871 0 30 theme chitosan 11:18 arg1 materials 43:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials 0:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 0:52 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 25548871 13 31 theme high-performance 1952:1967 arg1 bandage 1969:1975 a high-performance bandage 1950:1975 a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds 1950:2012 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 31 theme high-performance 1952:1967 arg1 composite 1877:1885 this novel composite 1866:1885 this novel composite 1866:1885 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 32 theme components 1727:1736 arg1 properties 1709:1718 combined properties 1700:1718 combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), 1700:1849 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 33 theme novel 1871:1875 arg1 bandage 1969:1975 a high-performance bandage 1950:1975 a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds 1950:2012 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 33 theme novel 1871:1875 arg1 composite 1877:1885 this novel composite 1866:1885 this novel composite 1866:1885 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 34 theme chronic 1986:1992 arg1 wounds 2007:2012 chronic and ulcerous wounds 1986:2012 wounds 2007:2012 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 4 35 dep Fourier 453:459 arg1 transform 461:469 transform 461:469 transform infrared spectroscopy results 461:499 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm that KER, CS, and CEL remain chemically intact in the composites. 25548871 7 36 theme CS 1023:1024 arg1 concentration 1006:1018 concentration 1006:1018 concentration of CS and CEL 1006:1032 Interestingly, release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite are faster and independent of concentration of CS and CEL. 25548871 0 37 theme composite 33:41 arg1 materials 43:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials 0:51 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 0:52 Cellulose, chitosan, and keratin composite materials. 25548871 9 38 theme KER 1255:1257 arg1 concentration 1238:1250 the concentration 1234:1250 the concentration of KER in the composites 1234:1275 Furthermore, the reducing rate was found to correlate with the concentration of KER in the composites. 25548871 13 39 theme ulcerous 1998:2005 arg1 wounds 2007:2012 chronic and ulcerous wounds 1986:2012 wounds 2007:2012 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 7 40 theme concentration 1006:1018 arg1 independent 991:1001 independent 991:1001 independent 991:1001 Interestingly, release rates of CPX by CEL and CS either as a single or as [CEL+CS] composite are faster and independent of concentration of CS and CEL. 25548871 13 41 theme combined 1700:1707 arg1 properties 1709:1718 combined properties 1700:1718 combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), 1700:1849 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 8 42 theme release 1051:1057 arg1 slower 1079:1084 slower 1079:1084 slower 1079:1084 Conversely, the release rate by KER is much slower, and when incorporated into CEL, CS, or CEL+CS, it substantially slows the rate as well. 25548871 8 42 theme release 1051:1057 arg1 rate 1059:1062 the release rate 1047:1062 the release rate by KER 1047:1069 Conversely, the release rate by KER is much slower, and when incorporated into CEL, CS, or CEL+CS, it substantially slows the rate as well. 25548871 13 43 used used 1894:1897 arg2 bandage 1969:1975 a high-performance bandage 1950:1975 a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds 1950:2012 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 43 used used 1894:1897 arg2 composite 1877:1885 this novel composite 1866:1885 this novel composite 1866:1885 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 9 44 theme reducing 1192:1199 arg1 rate 1201:1204 the reducing rate 1188:1204 the reducing rate 1188:1204 Furthermore, the reducing rate was found to correlate with the concentration of KER in the composites. 25548871 11 45 theme slower 1459:1464 arg1 drug 1454:1457 the drug 1450:1457 the drug slower than CEL and CS 1450:1480 This makes KER structurally denser than CEL and CS; hence, KER releases the drug slower than CEL and CS. 25548871 2 46 theme [CEL/CS+KER 186:196 arg1 composites 199:208 [CEL/CS+KER] composites 186:208 [CEL/CS+KER] composites 186:208 A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. 25548871 5 47 theme composites 702:711 arg1 strength 686:693 the mechanical strength 671:693 the mechanical strength of the composites 671:711 Tensile strength results expectedly show that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increases the mechanical strength of the composites. 25548871 10 48 theme secondary 1311:1319 arg1 structure 1321:1329 secondary structure 1311:1329 secondary structure 1311:1329 KER, a protein, is known to have secondary structure, whereas CEL and CS exist only in random form. 25548871 5 49 theme Tensile 575:581 arg1 strength 583:590 Tensile strength 575:590 Tensile strength results 575:598 Tensile strength results expectedly show that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increases the mechanical strength of the composites. 25548871 4 50 dep spectroscopy 480:491 arg1 results 493:499 results 493:499 results 493:499 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm that KER, CS, and CEL remain chemically intact in the composites. 25548871 13 51 theme controlled 1820:1829 arg1 KER 1845:1847 KER 1845:1847 KER 1845:1847 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 51 theme controlled 1820:1829 arg1 release 1836:1842 controlled drug release 1820:1842 controlled drug release (KER) 1820:1848 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 25548871 13 51 theme controlled 1820:1829 arg1 components 1727:1736 its components 1723:1736 its components 1723:1736 Furthermore, the fact that the [CEL+CS+KER] composite has combined properties of its components, namely, superior mechanical strength (CEL), hemostasis and bactericide (CS), and controlled drug release (KER), indicates that this novel composite can be used in ways which hitherto were not possible, e.g., as a high-performance bandage to treat chronic and ulcerous wounds. 27527693 7 0 theme in 987:988 arg1 fermentation 996:1007 in vitro fermentation 987:1007 in vitro fermentation by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus 987:1069 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH were then evaluated using in vitro fermentation by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 27527693 6 1 theme emulsion 900:907 arg1 properties 909:918 good emulsion properties 895:918 good emulsion properties 895:918 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 0 2 theme prebiotic 81:89 arg1 properties 91:100 Functional and prebiotic properties 66:100 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 0:101 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 9 3 theme promising 1210:1218 arg1 potential 1220:1228 the promising potential 1206:1228 the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry 1206:1287 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 6 4 theme fat-binding 831:841 arg1 capacities 878:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 5 5 theme gas 682:684 arg1 chromatography 686:699 gas chromatography 682:699 gas chromatography 682:699 Monosaccharide composition of both polymers was assessed using gas chromatography. 27527693 7 6 theme AGH 957:959 arg1 properties 935:944 The prebiotic properties 921:944 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH 921:959 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH were then evaluated using in vitro fermentation by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 27527693 6 7 dep water-holding 777:789 arg1 6.3g/g 805:810 6.3g/g 805:810 6.3g/g 805:810 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 6 7 dep water-holding 777:789 arg1 11.36g/g 792:799 11.36g/g 792:799 11.36g/g 792:799 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 4 8 theme AGP 472:474 arg1 weights 461:467 The molecular weights 447:467 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH 447:482 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 5 9 theme Monosaccharide 619:632 arg1 composition 634:644 Monosaccharide composition 619:644 Monosaccharide composition of both polymers 619:661 Monosaccharide composition of both polymers was assessed using gas chromatography. 27527693 2 10 theme functional 270:279 arg1 properties 281:290 Structural and functional properties 255:290 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers 255:316 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers were then determined. 27527693 0 11 from gum 61:63 arg1 hemicelluloses 34:47 hemicelluloses 34:47 hemicelluloses 34:47 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 0 11 from gum 61:63 arg1 polysaccharides 14:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides 0:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides 0:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 6 12 theme properties 733:742 arg1 analysis 706:713 The analysis 702:713 The analysis of the functional properties 702:742 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 1 13 theme hemicelluloses 168:181 arg1 extraction 128:137 the extraction 124:137 the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum 124:203 This paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. 27527693 4 14 theme AGH 480:482 arg1 weights 461:467 The molecular weights 447:467 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH 447:482 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 7 15 theme AGP 949:951 arg1 properties 935:944 The prebiotic properties 921:944 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH 921:959 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH were then evaluated using in vitro fermentation by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 27527693 2 16 theme Structural 255:264 arg1 properties 281:290 Structural and functional properties 255:290 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers 255:316 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers were then determined. 27527693 6 17 theme functional 722:731 arg1 properties 733:742 the functional properties 718:742 the functional properties 718:742 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 3 18 theme polymers 437:444 arg1 groups 422:427 functional groups 411:427 functional groups of both polymers 411:444 For this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. 27527693 3 18 theme polymers 437:444 arg1 polymers 437:444 both polymers 432:444 both polymers 432:444 For this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. 27527693 6 19 contain had 768:770 arg2 capacities 878:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 6 19 contain had 768:770 arg1 AGH 764:766 AGH 764:766 AGH 764:766 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 6 19 contain had 768:770 arg1 AGP 756:758 AGP 756:758 AGP 756:758 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 5 20 theme polymers 654:661 arg1 composition 634:644 Monosaccharide composition 619:644 Monosaccharide composition of both polymers 619:661 Monosaccharide composition of both polymers was assessed using gas chromatography. 27527693 2 21 theme polymers 309:316 arg1 properties 281:290 Structural and functional properties 255:290 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers 255:316 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers were then determined. 27527693 6 22 theme good 895:898 arg1 properties 909:918 good emulsion properties 895:918 good emulsion properties 895:918 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 0 23 theme Water-soluble 0:12 arg1 polysaccharides 14:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides 0:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides 0:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 9 24 theme different 1249:1257 arg1 applications 1259:1270 different applications 1249:1270 different applications in food industry 1249:1287 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 2 25 theme extracted 299:307 arg1 polymers 309:316 the extracted polymers 295:316 the extracted polymers 295:316 Structural and functional properties of the extracted polymers were then determined. 27527693 3 26 theme infrared 358:365 arg1 spectroscopy 367:378 infrared spectroscopy 358:378 infrared spectroscopy 358:378 For this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. 27527693 7 27 dep in 987:988 arg1 vitro 990:994 vitro 990:994 vitro 990:994 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH were then evaluated using in vitro fermentation by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 27527693 8 28 theme in 1109:1110 arg1 fermentation 1118:1129 in vitro fermentation 1109:1129 in vitro fermentation 1109:1129 Both polymers showed suitability for in vitro fermentation, suggesting thus their prebiotic nature. 27527693 6 29 dep fat-binding 831:841 arg1 2.7g/g 856:861 2.7g/g 856:861 2.7g/g 856:861 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 6 29 dep fat-binding 831:841 arg1 5.35g/g 844:850 5.35g/g 844:850 5.35g/g 844:850 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 1 30 theme almond 194:199 arg1 gum 201:203 almond gum 194:203 almond gum 194:203 This paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. 27527693 0 31 theme almond 54:59 arg1 gum 61:63 almond gum 54:63 almond gum 54:63 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 9 32 theme food 1275:1278 arg1 industry 1280:1287 food industry 1275:1287 food industry 1275:1287 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 3 33 theme functional 411:420 arg1 groups 422:427 functional groups 411:427 functional groups of both polymers 411:444 For this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. 27527693 3 33 theme functional 411:420 arg1 polymers 437:444 both polymers 432:444 both polymers 432:444 For this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. 27527693 4 34 theme performance 516:526 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 1 35 from gum 201:203 arg1 extraction 128:137 the extraction 124:137 the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum 124:203 This paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. 27527693 4 36 theme high 511:514 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 9 37 theme AGP 1233:1235 arg1 potential 1220:1228 the promising potential 1206:1228 the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry 1206:1287 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 4 38 theme molecular 451:459 arg1 weights 461:467 The molecular weights 447:467 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH 447:482 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 6 39 theme water-holding 777:789 arg1 capacities 878:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 8 40 dep in 1109:1110 arg1 vitro 1112:1116 vitro 1112:1116 vitro 1112:1116 Both polymers showed suitability for in vitro fermentation, suggesting thus their prebiotic nature. 27527693 4 41 theme exclusion 533:541 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 3 42 used used 390:393 arg2 spectroscopy 367:378 infrared spectroscopy 358:378 infrared spectroscopy 358:378 For this purpose, infrared spectroscopy was first used to characterize functional groups of both polymers. 27527693 6 43 theme high 772:775 arg1 capacities 878:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities 772:887 The analysis of the functional properties showed that AGP and AGH had high water-holding (11.36g/g and 6.3g/g, respectively) and fat-binding (5.35g/g and 2.7g/g, respectively) capacities, with good emulsion properties. 27527693 9 44 from applications 1259:1270 arg1 industry 1280:1287 food industry 1275:1287 food industry 1275:1287 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 4 45 theme size 528:531 arg1 chromatography 543:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 high performance size exclusion chromatography 511:556 The molecular weights of AGP and AGH were then determined using high performance size exclusion chromatography, resulting in 5.72×106g/mol and 5.39×106g/mol, respectively. 27527693 8 46 theme prebiotic 1154:1162 arg1 nature 1164:1169 their prebiotic nature 1148:1169 their prebiotic nature 1148:1169 Both polymers showed suitability for in vitro fermentation, suggesting thus their prebiotic nature. 27527693 9 47 theme AGH 1241:1243 arg1 potential 1220:1228 the promising potential 1206:1228 the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry 1206:1287 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 9 48 theme obtained 1176:1183 arg1 results 1185:1191 The obtained results 1172:1191 The obtained results 1172:1191 The obtained results demonstrated the promising potential of AGP and AGH for different applications in food industry. 27527693 7 49 theme prebiotic 925:933 arg1 properties 935:944 The prebiotic properties 921:944 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH 921:959 The prebiotic properties of AGP and AGH were then evaluated using in vitro fermentation by Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. 27527693 1 50 theme hot 208:210 arg1 water 212:216 hot water 208:216 hot water 208:216 This paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. 27527693 1 51 theme polysaccharides 142:156 arg1 extraction 128:137 the extraction 124:137 the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum 124:203 This paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. 27527693 0 52 dep polysaccharides 14:28 arg1 properties 91:100 Functional and prebiotic properties 66:100 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 0:101 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 0 53 theme Functional 66:75 arg1 properties 91:100 Functional and prebiotic properties 66:100 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 0:101 Water-soluble polysaccharides and hemicelluloses from almond gum: Functional and prebiotic properties. 27527693 1 54 theme alkaline 222:229 arg1 solution 231:238 alkaline solution 222:238 alkaline solution 222:238 This paper describes the extraction of polysaccharides (AGP) and hemicelluloses (AGH) from almond gum by hot water and alkaline solution, respectively. 25964011 7 0 theme N-glycans 1201:1209 arg1 profile 1190:1196 The overall heterogeneity profile 1164:1196 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL 1164:1216 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL comprised at least 26 different compositions. 25964011 0 1 link N-linked 13:20 arg1 Glycosylation 22:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation 0:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme 0:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 1 2 theme wild-type 107:115 arg1 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 2 theme wild-type 107:115 arg1 lysozyme 131:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme 107:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) 107:144 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 3 3 dep 1995 238:241 arg1 307-309 248:254 307-309 248:254 307-309 248:254 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 3 4 from sites 372:376 arg1 HEL 381:383 HEL 381:383 HEL 381:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 4 5 from spectrometry 532:543 arg1 HEL 577:579 wild-type HEL 567:579 wild-type HEL 567:579 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 4 6 theme N-glycosylation 548:562 arg1 spectrometry 532:543 mass spectrometry 527:543 mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL 527:579 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 3 7 from HEL 381:383 arg1 identity 339:346 the identity 335:346 the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL 335:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 1 8 theme consensus 161:169 arg1 motif 180:184 the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al 157:214 motif 180:184 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 5 9 theme analytical 586:595 arg1 approach 597:604 Our analytical approach 582:604 Our analytical approach 582:604 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 9 10 theme N-glycosylation-specific 1468:1491 arg1 motif 1502:1506 any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif 1458:1506 any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif 1458:1506 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 5 11 gly N-glycopeptides 811:825 arg2 N-glycopeptides 811:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides 780:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 780:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 1 12 theme hen 117:119 arg1 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 12 theme hen 117:119 arg1 lysozyme 131:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme 107:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) 107:144 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 5 13 theme N-glycopeptides 811:825 arg1 deglycosylation 681:695 deglycosylation 681:695 deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases 681:752 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 13 theme N-glycopeptides 811:825 arg1 analysis 768:775 LC-MS/MS analysis 759:775 LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 759:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 13 theme N-glycopeptides 811:825 arg1 digest 673:678 HEL trypsin digest 661:678 HEL trypsin digest 661:678 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 1 14 theme egg 121:123 arg1 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 14 theme egg 121:123 arg1 lysozyme 131:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme 107:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) 107:144 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 15 dep Trudel 203:208 arg1 al 213:214 1995 Trudel et al 198:214 1995 Trudel et al 198:214 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 6 16 theme N-glycans 1153:1161 arg1 profiling 1126:1134 compositional profiling 1112:1134 compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans 1112:1161 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 4 17 theme wild-type 567:575 arg1 HEL 577:579 wild-type HEL 567:579 wild-type HEL 567:579 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 5 18 theme HEL 661:663 arg1 digest 673:678 HEL trypsin digest 661:678 HEL trypsin digest 661:678 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 7 19 theme heterogeneity 1176:1188 arg1 profile 1190:1196 The overall heterogeneity profile 1164:1196 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL 1164:1216 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL comprised at least 26 different compositions. 25964011 6 20 theme data 897:900 arg1 interpretation 902:915 A novel data interpretation 889:915 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 889:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 0 21 theme Nonconsensus 78:89 arg1 Sites 91:95 Nonconsensus Sites 78:95 Nonconsensus Sites 78:95 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 3 22 gly N-glycosylated 298:311 arg1 form 313:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form 283:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL 283:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 3 22 gly N-glycosylated 298:311 arg1 HEL 321:323 HEL 321:323 HEL 321:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 9 23 theme observed 1536:1543 arg1 sequons 1558:1564 rarely observed nonconsensus sequons 1529:1564 rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ) 1529:1575 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 9 23 theme observed 1536:1543 arg1 NXQ 1572:1574 NXQ 1572:1574 NXQ 1572:1574 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 1 24 theme white 125:129 arg1 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 HEL 141:143 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 24 theme white 125:129 arg1 lysozyme 131:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme 107:138 wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) 107:144 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 8 25 theme asparagine 1341:1350 arg1 N44 1361:1363 N44 1361:1363 N44 1361:1363 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 8 25 theme asparagine 1341:1350 arg1 residues 1352:1359 asparagine residues N44 and N39 1341:1371 asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL 1341:1418 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 8 25 theme asparagine 1341:1350 arg1 N39 1369:1371 N39 1369:1371 N39 1369:1371 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 5 26 theme N-glycopeptides 640:654 arg1 enrichment 626:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment 616:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 616:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 3 27 theme low 285:287 arg1 form 313:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form 283:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL 283:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 0 28 theme Low 0:2 arg1 Glycosylation 22:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation 0:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme 0:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 5 29 theme multiple 836:843 arg1 techniques 845:854 multiple techniques 836:854 multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 836:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 6 30 theme database 975:982 arg1 searching 984:992 glycan database searching 968:992 glycan database searching 968:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 6 30 theme database 975:982 arg1 spectra 941:947 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 5 31 gly N-glycopeptides 640:654 arg2 N-glycopeptides 640:654 N-glycopeptides 640:654 N-glycopeptides 640:654 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 8 32 theme active 1386:1391 arg1 sites 1407:1411 active glycosylation sites 1386:1411 active glycosylation sites 1386:1411 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 3 33 theme active 351:356 arg1 sites 372:376 active glycosylation sites 351:376 active glycosylation sites in HEL 351:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 0 34 theme N-linked 13:20 arg1 Glycosylation 22:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation 0:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme 0:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 8 35 theme deglycosylation 1286:1300 arg1 experiments 1302:1312 deglycosylation experiments 1286:1312 deglycosylation experiments 1286:1312 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 3 36 gly glycosylation 358:370 arg2 sites 372:376 active glycosylation sites 351:376 active glycosylation sites in HEL 351:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 3 37 theme N-glycosylated 298:311 arg1 form 313:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form 283:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL 283:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 0 38 theme Egg 43:45 arg1 Lysozyme 53:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 0 39 gly Glycosylation 22:34 arg1 Sites 91:95 Nonconsensus Sites 78:95 Nonconsensus Sites 78:95 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 7 40 theme different 1240:1248 arg1 compositions 1250:1261 at least 26 different compositions 1228:1261 at least 26 different compositions 1228:1261 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL comprised at least 26 different compositions. 25964011 5 41 gly deglycosylation 681:695 arg1 N-glycopeptides 811:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides 780:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 780:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 3 42 theme sites 372:376 arg1 identity 339:346 the identity 335:346 the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL 335:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 6 43 theme asparagine-rich 1044:1058 arg1 FESNFNTQATNR 1083:1094 the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1040:1094 the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1040:1094 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 8 44 gly glycosylation 1393:1405 arg2 sites 1407:1411 active glycosylation sites 1386:1411 active glycosylation sites 1386:1411 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 7 45 theme overall 1168:1174 arg1 profile 1190:1196 The overall heterogeneity profile 1164:1196 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL 1164:1216 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL comprised at least 26 different compositions. 25964011 9 46 theme sequence 1493:1500 arg1 motif 1502:1506 any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif 1458:1506 any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif 1458:1506 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 6 47 theme straightforward 1006:1020 arg1 identification 1022:1035 the straightforward identification 1002:1035 the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1002:1094 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 9 48 theme known 1462:1466 arg1 motif 1502:1506 any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif 1458:1506 any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif 1458:1506 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 4 49 theme initial 453:459 arg1 work 461:464 Trudel's initial work 444:464 Trudel's initial work 444:464 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 5 50 theme various 729:735 arg1 endoglycosidases 737:752 various endoglycosidases 729:752 various endoglycosidases 729:752 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 6 51 theme compositional 1112:1124 arg1 profiling 1126:1134 compositional profiling 1112:1134 compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans 1112:1161 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 4 52 theme mass 527:530 arg1 spectrometry 532:543 mass spectrometry 527:543 mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL 527:579 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 8 53 theme glycosylation 1393:1405 arg1 sites 1407:1411 active glycosylation sites 1386:1411 active glycosylation sites 1386:1411 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 1 54 theme sequence 171:178 arg1 motif 180:184 the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al 157:214 motif 180:184 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 6 55 theme FESNFNTQATNR 1083:1094 arg1 identification 1022:1035 the straightforward identification 1002:1035 the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1002:1094 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 8 56 dep residues 1352:1359 arg1 N44 1361:1363 N44 1361:1363 N44 1361:1363 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 8 56 dep residues 1352:1359 arg1 residues 1352:1359 asparagine residues N44 and N39 1341:1371 asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL 1341:1418 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 8 56 dep residues 1352:1359 arg1 N39 1369:1371 N39 1369:1371 N39 1369:1371 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 5 57 gly deglycosylated 796:809 arg1 N-glycopeptides 811:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides 780:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 780:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 58 theme intact 785:790 arg1 N-glycopeptides 811:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides 780:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 780:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 59 from digest 673:678 arg1 enrichment 626:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment 616:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 616:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 1 60 from motif 180:184 arg1 Trudel 203:208 Trudel 203:208 Trudel 203:208 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 5 61 theme deglycosylated 796:809 arg1 N-glycopeptides 811:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides 780:825 both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 780:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 6 62 theme MS/MS 935:939 arg1 searching 984:992 glycan database searching 968:992 glycan database searching 968:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 6 62 theme MS/MS 935:939 arg1 spectra 941:947 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 6 62 theme MS/MS 935:939 arg1 classification 949:962 classification 949:962 classification 949:962 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 9 63 located localized 1516:1524 arg2 Both 1421:1424 Both 1421:1424 Both 1421:1424 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 9 63 located localized 1516:1524 arg1 sequons 1558:1564 rarely observed nonconsensus sequons 1529:1564 rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ) 1529:1575 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 9 63 located localized 1516:1524 arg1 NXQ 1572:1574 NXQ 1572:1574 NXQ 1572:1574 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 9 63 located localized 1516:1524 arg2 sites 1435:1439 these sites 1429:1439 these sites 1429:1439 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 7 64 from profile 1190:1196 arg1 HEL 1214:1216 HEL 1214:1216 HEL 1214:1216 The overall heterogeneity profile of N-glycans in HEL comprised at least 26 different compositions. 25964011 5 65 theme LC-MS/MS 759:766 arg1 analysis 768:775 LC-MS/MS analysis 759:775 LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 759:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 0 66 from Glycosylation 22:34 arg1 Lysozyme 53:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 6 67 theme modifying 1143:1151 arg1 N-glycans 1153:1161 its modifying N-glycans 1139:1161 its modifying N-glycans 1139:1161 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 5 68 theme trypsin 665:671 arg1 digest 673:678 HEL trypsin digest 661:678 HEL trypsin digest 661:678 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 6 69 theme interpretation 902:915 arg1 workflow 917:924 A novel data interpretation workflow 889:924 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 889:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 5 70 theme ZIC-HILIC 616:624 arg1 enrichment 626:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment 616:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 616:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 71 from deglycosylation 681:695 arg1 enrichment 626:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment 616:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 616:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 72 theme ionization 859:868 arg1 techniques 845:854 multiple techniques 836:854 multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 836:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 6 73 theme novel 891:895 arg1 interpretation 902:915 A novel data interpretation 889:915 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 889:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 8 74 theme clear 1323:1327 arg1 evidence 1329:1336 clear evidence 1323:1336 clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL 1323:1418 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 6 75 dep spectra 941:947 arg1 searching 984:992 glycan database searching 968:992 glycan database searching 968:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 6 75 dep spectra 941:947 arg1 spectra 941:947 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 6 75 dep spectra 941:947 arg1 classification 949:962 classification 949:962 classification 949:962 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 5 76 from analysis 768:775 arg1 enrichment 626:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment 616:635 ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 616:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 5 77 theme fragmentation 874:886 arg1 techniques 845:854 multiple techniques 836:854 multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation 836:886 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 0 78 theme Abundant 4:11 arg1 Glycosylation 22:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation 0:34 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme 0:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 3 79 theme abundant 289:296 arg1 form 313:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form 283:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL 283:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 6 80 gly N-glycopeptide 1060:1073 arg2 N-glycopeptide 1060:1073 the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1040:1094 the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1040:1094 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 8 81 theme residues 1352:1359 arg1 evidence 1329:1336 clear evidence 1323:1336 clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL 1323:1418 Results obtained from deglycosylation experiments provided clear evidence of asparagine residues N44 and N39 representing active glycosylation sites in HEL. 25964011 5 82 theme O/PNGase 704:711 arg1 F 713:713 (18)O/PNGase F 700:713 (18)O/PNGase F 700:713 Our analytical approach comprised ZIC-HILIC enrichment of N-glycopeptides from HEL trypsin digest, deglycosylation by (18)O/PNGase F as well as by various endoglycosidases, and LC-MS/MS analysis of both intact and deglycosylated N-glycopeptides engaging multiple techniques of ionization and fragmentation. 25964011 6 83 theme glycan 968:973 arg1 searching 984:992 glycan database searching 968:992 glycan database searching 968:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 6 83 theme glycan 968:973 arg1 spectra 941:947 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching 935:992 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 9 84 theme nonconsensus 1545:1556 arg1 sequons 1558:1564 rarely observed nonconsensus sequons 1529:1564 rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ) 1529:1575 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 9 84 theme nonconsensus 1545:1556 arg1 NXQ 1572:1574 NXQ 1572:1574 NXQ 1572:1574 Both of these sites do not fall into any known N-glycosylation-specific sequence motif but are localized in rarely observed nonconsensus sequons (NXN, NXQ). 25964011 3 85 theme glycosylation 358:370 arg1 sites 372:376 active glycosylation sites 351:376 active glycosylation sites in HEL 351:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 0 86 theme Hen 39:41 arg1 Lysozyme 53:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 3 87 theme HEL 321:323 arg1 form 313:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form 283:316 a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL 283:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 3 88 from identity 339:346 arg1 HEL 381:383 HEL 381:383 HEL 381:383 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 0 89 theme White 47:51 arg1 Lysozyme 53:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Hen Egg White Lysozyme 39:60 Low Abundant N-linked Glycosylation in Hen Egg White Lysozyme Is Localized at Nonconsensus Sites. 25964011 3 90 theme form 313:316 arg1 existence 270:278 the existence 266:278 the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL 266:323 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 25964011 4 91 theme first 427:431 arg1 time 433:436 the first time 423:436 the first time since Trudel's initial work 423:464 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 1 92 dep lacking 149:155 arg1 Biochem 218:224 Biochem 218:224 Biochem 218:224 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 92 dep lacking 149:155 arg1 Although 98:105 Although 98:105 Although 98:105 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 6 93 theme N-glycopeptide 1060:1073 arg1 FESNFNTQATNR 1083:1094 the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1040:1094 the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR 1040:1094 A novel data interpretation workflow based on MS/MS spectra classification and glycan database searching enabled the straightforward identification of the asparagine-rich N-glycopeptide [34-45] FESNFNTQATNR and allowed for compositional profiling of its modifying N-glycans. 25964011 4 94 theme comprehensive 484:496 arg1 characterization 498:513 a comprehensive characterization 482:513 a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL 482:579 For the first time since Trudel's initial work, we report here a comprehensive characterization by means of mass spectrometry of N-glycosylation in wild-type HEL. 25964011 1 95 dep motif 180:184 arg1 S/T 189:191 S/T 189:191 S/T 189:191 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 1 95 dep motif 180:184 arg1 NX 186:187 NX 186:187 NX(S/T) 186:192 Although wild-type hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) is lacking the consensus sequence motif NX(S/T), in 1995 Trudel et al. (Biochem. 25964011 3 96 theme speculation 406:416 arg1 matter 396:401 a matter 394:401 a matter of speculation 394:416 1995, 73, 307-309) proposed the existence of a low abundant N-glycosylated form of HEL; however, the identity of active glycosylation sites in HEL remained a matter of speculation. 28732725 5 0 theme galactose 774:782 arg1 dominance 761:769 the dominance 757:769 the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%) 757:828 Monosaccharides analysis revealed the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%). 28732725 7 1 theme bacterial 1179:1187 arg1 strains 1189:1195 several bacterial strains 1171:1195 several bacterial strains 1171:1195 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 6 2 theme important 862:870 arg1 activity 884:891 an important antioxidant activity 859:891 an important antioxidant activity 859:891 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 4 3 theme peak 683:686 arg1 characteristic 688:701 peak characteristic 683:701 peak characteristic of polysaccharides 683:720 The infrared spectroscopic spectra exhibited the typical bands and peak characteristic of polysaccharides. 28732725 7 4 from 10mg/ml 1129:1135 arg1 P1 1123:1124 P1 1123:1124 P1 at 10mg/ml 1123:1135 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 6 5 theme reducing 964:971 arg1 EC50=1.22mg/ml 980:993 EC50=1.22mg/ml 980:993 EC50=1.22mg/ml 980:993 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 5 theme reducing 964:971 arg1 power 973:977 (Fe3+) reducing power 957:977 (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml) 957:994 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 0 6 theme antioxidant 75:85 arg1 properties 105:114 their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 69:114 their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 69:114 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 7 7 theme Gram-positive 1216:1228 arg1 bacteria 1230:1237 the Gram-positive bacteria 1212:1237 the Gram-positive bacteria 1212:1237 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 0 8 theme properties 105:114 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca 0:49 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 0 8 theme properties 105:114 arg1 evaluation 55:64 evaluation 55:64 evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 55:114 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 0 9 from Isolation 0:8 arg1 aegyptiaca 40:49 aegyptiaca 40:49 aegyptiaca 40:49 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 7 10 theme 84.2 1281:1284 arg1 % 1294:1294 84.2 and 90.3% 1281:1294 % 1294:1294 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 1 11 theme cetylpyridinium 292:306 arg1 P1 318:319 P1 318:319 P1 318:319 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 1 11 theme cetylpyridinium 292:306 arg1 chloride 308:315 cetylpyridinium chloride 292:315 cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) 292:320 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 0 12 theme antibacterial 91:103 arg1 properties 105:114 their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 69:114 their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 69:114 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 0 13 from evaluation 55:64 arg1 aegyptiaca 40:49 aegyptiaca 40:49 aegyptiaca 40:49 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 3 14 dep sugars 514:519 arg1 contents 556:563 contents 556:563 contents 556:563 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 14 dep sugars 514:519 arg1 the 496:498 the 496:498 the 496:498 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 4 15 theme polysaccharides 706:720 arg1 bands 673:677 the typical bands 661:677 the typical bands 661:677 The infrared spectroscopic spectra exhibited the typical bands and peak characteristic of polysaccharides. 28732725 4 15 theme polysaccharides 706:720 arg1 characteristic 688:701 peak characteristic 683:701 peak characteristic of polysaccharides 683:720 The infrared spectroscopic spectra exhibited the typical bands and peak characteristic of polysaccharides. 28732725 6 16 theme DPPH-radical 1059:1070 arg1 IC50=1.94mg/ml 1093:1106 IC50=1.94mg/ml 1093:1106 IC50=1.94mg/ml 1093:1106 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 16 theme DPPH-radical 1059:1070 arg1 activity 1083:1090 DPPH-radical scavenging activity 1059:1090 DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml) 1059:1107 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 17 theme bleaching 1008:1016 arg1 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 17 theme bleaching 1008:1016 arg1 capacity 1029:1036 β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity 997:1036 β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) 997:1053 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 8 18 theme M. 1327:1328 arg1 polysaccharides 1341:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides 1327:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride 1327:1396 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 18 theme M. 1327:1328 arg1 antioxidant 1424:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 18 theme M. 1327:1328 arg1 agent 1454:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 7 19 theme 90.3 1290:1293 arg1 % 1294:1294 84.2 and 90.3% 1281:1294 % 1294:1294 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 1 20 theme crude 189:193 arg1 polysaccharides 209:223 crude water-soluble polysaccharides 189:223 crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) 189:268 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 0 21 from aegyptiaca 40:49 arg1 polysaccharides 13:27 polysaccharides 13:27 polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca 13:49 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 0 21 from aegyptiaca 40:49 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca 0:49 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 0 21 from aegyptiaca 40:49 arg1 evaluation 55:64 evaluation 55:64 evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 55:114 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 8 22 used used 1407:1410 arg2 antioxidant 1424:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 22 used used 1407:1410 arg2 polysaccharides 1341:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides 1327:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride 1327:1396 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 22 used used 1407:1410 arg2 agent 1454:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 1 23 theme water-soluble 195:207 arg1 polysaccharides 209:223 crude water-soluble polysaccharides 189:223 crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) 189:268 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 5 24 theme glucuronic 801:810 arg1 acid 812:815 glucuronic acid 801:815 glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%) 801:828 Monosaccharides analysis revealed the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%). 28732725 5 24 theme glucuronic 801:810 arg1 % 827:827 25.9-30.9% 818:827 25.9-30.9% 818:827 Monosaccharides analysis revealed the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%). 28732725 3 25 theme sulfated 533:540 arg1 groups 542:547 sulfated groups 533:547 sulfated groups (2.9%) 533:554 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 25 theme sulfated 533:540 arg1 % 553:553 2.9% 550:553 2.9% 550:553 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 1 26 theme polysaccharides 209:223 arg1 properties 175:184 the antioxidant and antibacterial properties 141:184 the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) 141:268 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 5 27 theme acid 812:815 arg1 dominance 761:769 the dominance 757:769 the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%) 757:828 Monosaccharides analysis revealed the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%). 28732725 8 28 theme aegyptiaca 1330:1339 arg1 polysaccharides 1341:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides 1327:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride 1327:1396 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 28 theme aegyptiaca 1330:1339 arg1 antioxidant 1424:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 28 theme aegyptiaca 1330:1339 arg1 agent 1454:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 2 29 theme antibacterial 460:472 arg1 activities 474:483 antioxidant and antibacterial activities 444:483 antioxidant and antibacterial activities 444:483 The Polysaccharides fractions were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, a monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28732725 8 30 theme antibacterial 1440:1452 arg1 polysaccharides 1341:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides 1327:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride 1327:1396 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 30 theme antibacterial 1440:1452 arg1 agent 1454:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 antibacterial agent 1440:1458 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 2 31 theme antioxidant 444:454 arg1 activities 474:483 antioxidant and antibacterial activities 444:483 antioxidant and antibacterial activities 444:483 The Polysaccharides fractions were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, a monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28732725 0 32 theme polysaccharides 13:27 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca 0:49 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 0 32 theme polysaccharides 13:27 arg1 evaluation 55:64 evaluation 55:64 evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties 55:114 Isolation of polysaccharides from Malva aegyptiaca and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. 28732725 8 33 theme cetylpyridinium 1373:1387 arg1 chloride 1389:1396 cetylpyridinium chloride 1373:1396 cetylpyridinium chloride 1373:1396 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 3 34 theme highest 500:506 arg1 sugars 514:519 total sugars 508:519 total sugars (81.2%) 508:527 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 34 theme highest 500:506 arg1 % 526:526 81.2% 522:526 81.2% 522:526 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 35 theme 81.2 522:525 arg1 sugars 514:519 total sugars 508:519 total sugars (81.2%) 508:527 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 35 theme 81.2 522:525 arg1 % 526:526 81.2% 522:526 81.2% 522:526 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 6 36 theme β-carotene 997:1006 arg1 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 36 theme β-carotene 997:1006 arg1 capacity 1029:1036 β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity 997:1036 β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) 997:1053 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 3 37 theme total 585:589 arg1 content 600:606 the lowest total proteins content 574:606 the lowest total proteins content (8.7%) 574:613 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 37 theme total 585:589 arg1 % 612:612 8.7% 609:612 8.7% 609:612 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 4 38 theme infrared 620:627 arg1 spectra 643:649 The infrared spectroscopic spectra 616:649 The infrared spectroscopic spectra 616:649 The infrared spectroscopic spectra exhibited the typical bands and peak characteristic of polysaccharides. 28732725 2 39 theme monosaccharide 412:425 arg1 composition 427:437 a monosaccharide composition 410:437 a monosaccharide composition 410:437 The Polysaccharides fractions were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, a monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28732725 3 40 theme proteins 591:598 arg1 content 600:606 the lowest total proteins content 574:606 the lowest total proteins content (8.7%) 574:613 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 40 theme proteins 591:598 arg1 % 612:612 8.7% 609:612 8.7% 609:612 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 5 41 theme Monosaccharides 723:737 arg1 analysis 739:746 Monosaccharides analysis 723:746 Monosaccharides analysis 723:746 Monosaccharides analysis revealed the dominance of galactose (40.3-43.7%) and glucuronic acid (25.9-30.9%). 28732725 7 42 theme several 1171:1177 arg1 strains 1189:1195 several bacterial strains 1171:1195 several bacterial strains 1171:1195 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 6 43 theme antioxidant 872:882 arg1 activity 884:891 an important antioxidant activity 859:891 an important antioxidant activity 859:891 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 7 44 theme inhibition 1250:1259 arg1 rate 1261:1264 the inhibition rate 1246:1264 the inhibition rate 1246:1264 Furthermore, P1 at 10mg/ml was highly active than P2 against several bacterial strains and especially the Gram-positive bacteria, where the inhibition rate ranged between 84.2 and 90.3%. 28732725 3 45 theme lowest 578:583 arg1 content 600:606 the lowest total proteins content 574:606 the lowest total proteins content (8.7%) 574:613 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 45 theme lowest 578:583 arg1 % 612:612 8.7% 609:612 8.7% 609:612 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 1 46 with precipitation 273:285 arg1 P2 334:335 P2 334:335 P2 334:335 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 1 46 with precipitation 273:285 arg1 P1 318:319 P1 318:319 P1 318:319 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 1 46 with precipitation 273:285 arg1 ethanol 325:331 ethanol 325:331 ethanol (P2) 325:336 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 1 46 with precipitation 273:285 arg1 chloride 308:315 cetylpyridinium chloride 292:315 cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) 292:320 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 2 47 theme Polysaccharides 343:357 arg1 fractions 359:367 The Polysaccharides fractions 339:367 The Polysaccharides fractions 339:367 The Polysaccharides fractions were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, a monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28732725 6 48 theme Fe2+ 914:917 arg1 IC50=1.15mg/ml 940:953 IC50=1.15mg/ml 940:953 IC50=1.15mg/ml 940:953 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 48 theme Fe2+ 914:917 arg1 activity 930:937 the (Fe2+) chelating activity 909:937 the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml) 909:954 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 4 49 theme typical 665:671 arg1 bands 673:677 the typical bands 661:677 the typical bands 661:677 The infrared spectroscopic spectra exhibited the typical bands and peak characteristic of polysaccharides. 28732725 3 50 theme total 508:512 arg1 sugars 514:519 total sugars 508:519 total sugars (81.2%) 508:527 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 3 50 theme total 508:512 arg1 % 526:526 81.2% 522:526 81.2% 522:526 P1 showed the highest total sugars (81.2%) and sulfated groups (2.9%) contents but with the lowest total proteins content (8.7%). 28732725 1 51 theme antioxidant 145:155 arg1 properties 175:184 the antioxidant and antibacterial properties 141:184 the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) 141:268 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 8 52 theme Obtained 1297:1304 arg1 results 1306:1312 Obtained results 1297:1312 Obtained results 1297:1312 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 6 53 theme scavenging 1072:1081 arg1 IC50=1.94mg/ml 1093:1106 IC50=1.94mg/ml 1093:1106 IC50=1.94mg/ml 1093:1106 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 53 theme scavenging 1072:1081 arg1 activity 1083:1090 DPPH-radical scavenging activity 1059:1090 DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml) 1059:1107 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 8 54 theme naural 1417:1422 arg1 polysaccharides 1341:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides 1327:1355 M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride 1327:1396 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 8 54 theme naural 1417:1422 arg1 antioxidant 1424:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 a naural antioxidant 1415:1434 Obtained results suggest that M. aegyptiaca polysaccharides precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride could be used as a naural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. 28732725 6 55 theme inhibition 1018:1027 arg1 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 IC50=1.56mg/ml 1039:1052 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 55 theme inhibition 1018:1027 arg1 capacity 1029:1036 β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity 997:1036 β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) 997:1053 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 2 56 theme FTIR 391:394 arg1 spectroscopy 396:407 FTIR spectroscopy 391:407 FTIR spectroscopy 391:407 The Polysaccharides fractions were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, a monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 28732725 4 57 theme spectroscopic 629:641 arg1 spectra 643:649 The infrared spectroscopic spectra 616:649 The infrared spectroscopic spectra 616:649 The infrared spectroscopic spectra exhibited the typical bands and peak characteristic of polysaccharides. 28732725 6 58 theme Fe3+ 958:961 arg1 EC50=1.22mg/ml 980:993 EC50=1.22mg/ml 980:993 EC50=1.22mg/ml 980:993 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 58 theme Fe3+ 958:961 arg1 power 973:977 (Fe3+) reducing power 957:977 (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml) 957:994 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 1 59 theme antibacterial 161:173 arg1 properties 175:184 the antioxidant and antibacterial properties 141:184 the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) 141:268 This study investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of crude water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from the mallow (Malva aegyptiaca) by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (P1) or ethanol (P2). 28732725 6 60 theme chelating 920:928 arg1 IC50=1.15mg/ml 940:953 IC50=1.15mg/ml 940:953 IC50=1.15mg/ml 940:953 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 28732725 6 60 theme chelating 920:928 arg1 activity 930:937 the (Fe2+) chelating activity 909:937 the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml) 909:954 Interestingly, P1 displayed an important antioxidant activity as evaluated by the (Fe2+) chelating activity (IC50=1.15mg/ml), (Fe3+) reducing power (EC50=1.22mg/ml), β-carotene bleaching inhibition capacity (IC50=1.56mg/ml) and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50=1.94mg/ml). 25659718 3 0 theme dipping 760:766 arg1 solutions 768:776 dipping solutions 760:776 dipping solutions 760:776 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 2 1 theme electrospun 409:419 arg1 CEL 440:442 CEL 440:442 CEL 440:442 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 1 theme electrospun 409:419 arg1 acetate 431:437 electrospun cellulose acetate 409:437 electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 409:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 0 2 theme nanofibrous 104:114 arg1 mats 116:119 nanofibrous mats 104:119 nanofibrous mats 104:119 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 1 3 theme LBL 301:303 arg1 technique 306:314 layer-by-layer (LBL) technique 285:314 layer-by-layer (LBL) technique 285:314 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 6 4 theme OREC 1166:1169 arg1 incorporation 1149:1161 the incorporation 1145:1161 the incorporation of OREC into LBL films 1145:1184 The antibacterial activity of the mats increases with the incorporation of OREC into LBL films. 25659718 5 5 theme X-ray 957:961 arg1 diffraction 963:973 small angle X-ray diffraction 945:973 small angle X-ray diffraction 945:973 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 5 6 theme composite 1025:1033 arg1 mats 1035:1038 the composite mats 1021:1038 the composite mats 1021:1038 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 4 7 theme X-ray 799:803 arg1 results 832:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 799:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 799:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results imply that QCM-chitosan and OREC are coated on cellulose mats. 25659718 3 8 theme outermost 782:790 arg1 layer 792:796 outermost layer 782:796 outermost layer 782:796 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 9 dep morphology 621:630 arg1 The 617:619 The 617:619 The 617:619 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 2 10 theme cellulose 366:374 arg1 mats 388:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats 343:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 343:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 1 11 theme organic 212:218 arg1 OREC 231:234 OREC 231:234 OREC 231:234 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 1 11 theme organic 212:218 arg1 rectorite 220:228 organic rectorite 212:228 organic rectorite (OREC) 212:235 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 0 12 theme antibacterial 131:143 arg1 application 145:155 their antibacterial application 125:155 their antibacterial application 125:155 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 3 13 theme solutions 768:776 arg1 number 709:714 the number 705:714 the number of deposition bilayers 705:737 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 13 theme solutions 768:776 arg1 compositions 744:755 the compositions 740:755 the compositions of dipping solutions 740:776 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 13 theme solutions 768:776 arg1 layer 792:796 outermost layer 782:796 outermost layer 782:796 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 2 14 theme charged 495:501 arg1 QCM-chitosan 503:514 the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites 480:547 QCM-chitosan 503:514 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 1 15 theme rectorite 220:228 arg1 mats 261:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 2 16 theme charged 358:364 arg1 mats 388:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats 343:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 343:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 0 17 theme Layer-by-layer 0:13 arg1 immobilization 15:28 Layer-by-layer immobilization 0:28 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 0:156 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 5 18 theme X-ray 923:927 arg1 diffraction 929:939 wide angle X-ray diffraction 912:939 wide angle X-ray diffraction 912:939 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 5 19 theme small 945:949 arg1 diffraction 963:973 small angle X-ray diffraction 945:973 small angle X-ray diffraction 945:973 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 0 20 theme quaternized 33:43 arg1 rectorite 76:84 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite 33:84 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite 33:84 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 5 21 theme OREC 1071:1074 arg1 crystalline 1006:1016 the crystalline 1002:1016 the crystalline of the composite mats 1002:1038 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 5 21 theme OREC 1071:1074 arg1 distance 1059:1066 the interlayer distance 1044:1066 the interlayer distance of OREC 1044:1074 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 4 22 theme spectroscopy 819:830 arg1 results 832:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 799:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 799:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results imply that QCM-chitosan and OREC are coated on cellulose mats. 25659718 6 23 theme mats 1125:1128 arg1 activity 1109:1116 The antibacterial activity 1091:1116 The antibacterial activity of the mats 1091:1128 The antibacterial activity of the mats increases with the incorporation of OREC into LBL films. 25659718 1 24 theme self-assembly 321:333 arg1 manner 335:340 a self-assembly manner 319:340 a self-assembly manner 319:340 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 2 25 theme LBL 602:604 arg1 technique 606:614 LBL technique 602:614 LBL technique 602:614 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 4 26 theme photoelectron 805:817 arg1 results 832:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 799:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results 799:838 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results imply that QCM-chitosan and OREC are coated on cellulose mats. 25659718 2 27 mod modified 466:473 arg1 mats 388:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats 343:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 343:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 27 mod modified 466:473 arg3 composites 538:547 the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites 480:547 composites 538:547 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 27 mod modified 466:473 arg3 ALG 593:595 ALG 593:595 ALG 593:595 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 27 mod modified 466:473 arg3 QCM-chitosan 503:514 the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites 480:547 QCM-chitosan 503:514 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 27 mod modified 466:473 arg3 alginate 583:590 the negatively charged sodium alginate 553:590 the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) 553:596 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 1 28 theme immobilized 237:247 arg1 mats 261:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 0 29 theme chitosan/organic 59:74 arg1 rectorite 76:84 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite 33:84 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite 33:84 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 5 30 theme wide 912:915 arg1 diffraction 929:939 wide angle X-ray diffraction 912:939 wide angle X-ray diffraction 912:939 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 4 31 theme cellulose 887:895 arg1 mats 897:900 cellulose mats 887:900 cellulose mats 887:900 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results imply that QCM-chitosan and OREC are coated on cellulose mats. 25659718 1 32 theme nanofibrous 249:259 arg1 mats 261:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 0 33 theme carboxymethyl 45:57 arg1 rectorite 76:84 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite 33:84 quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite 33:84 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 2 34 theme intercalated 525:536 arg1 composites 538:547 the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites 480:547 composites 538:547 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 5 35 theme angle 917:921 arg1 diffraction 929:939 wide angle X-ray diffraction 912:939 wide angle X-ray diffraction 912:939 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 2 36 theme sodium 576:581 arg1 alginate 583:590 the negatively charged sodium alginate 553:590 the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) 553:596 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 36 theme sodium 576:581 arg1 ALG 593:595 ALG 593:595 ALG 593:595 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 37 theme OREC 520:523 arg1 composites 538:547 the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites 480:547 composites 538:547 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 5 38 theme angle 951:955 arg1 diffraction 963:973 small angle X-ray diffraction 945:973 small angle X-ray diffraction 945:973 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 3 39 theme antibacterial 636:648 arg1 activity 650:657 antibacterial activity 636:657 antibacterial activity 636:657 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 6 40 theme LBL 1176:1178 arg1 films 1180:1184 LBL films 1176:1184 LBL films 1176:1184 The antibacterial activity of the mats increases with the incorporation of OREC into LBL films. 25659718 0 41 theme rectorite 76:84 arg1 immobilization 15:28 Layer-by-layer immobilization 0:28 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 0:156 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 3 42 theme bilayers 730:737 arg1 number 709:714 the number 705:714 the number of deposition bilayers 705:737 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 42 theme bilayers 730:737 arg1 compositions 744:755 the compositions 740:755 the compositions of dipping solutions 740:776 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 42 theme bilayers 730:737 arg1 layer 792:796 outermost layer 782:796 outermost layer 782:796 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 1 43 theme Quaternized 158:168 arg1 QCM-chitosan 194:205 QCM-chitosan 194:205 QCM-chitosan 194:205 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 1 43 theme Quaternized 158:168 arg1 chitosan 184:191 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 158:191 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) 158:206 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 1 44 theme carboxymethyl 170:182 arg1 QCM-chitosan 194:205 QCM-chitosan 194:205 QCM-chitosan 194:205 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 1 44 theme carboxymethyl 170:182 arg1 chitosan 184:191 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan 158:191 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) 158:206 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 6 45 theme antibacterial 1095:1107 arg1 activity 1109:1116 The antibacterial activity 1091:1116 The antibacterial activity of the mats 1091:1128 The antibacterial activity of the mats increases with the incorporation of OREC into LBL films. 25659718 5 46 theme interlayer 1048:1057 arg1 distance 1059:1066 the interlayer distance 1044:1066 the interlayer distance of OREC 1044:1074 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 5 47 theme mats 1035:1038 arg1 crystalline 1006:1016 the crystalline 1002:1016 the crystalline of the composite mats 1002:1038 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 5 47 theme mats 1035:1038 arg1 distance 1059:1066 the interlayer distance 1044:1066 the interlayer distance of OREC 1044:1074 Besides, wide angle X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray diffraction are applied to investigate the crystalline of the composite mats and the interlayer distance of OREC, respectively. 25659718 1 48 theme chitosan 184:191 arg1 mats 261:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats 158:264 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 25659718 2 49 theme nanofibrous 376:386 arg1 mats 388:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats 343:391 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 343:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 50 theme charged 568:574 arg1 alginate 583:590 the negatively charged sodium alginate 553:590 the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) 553:596 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 50 theme charged 568:574 arg1 ALG 593:595 ALG 593:595 ALG 593:595 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 3 51 theme deposition 719:728 arg1 bilayers 730:737 deposition bilayers 719:737 deposition bilayers 719:737 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 52 theme resultant 666:674 arg1 mats 676:679 the resultant mats 662:679 the resultant mats 662:679 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 2 53 theme acetate 431:437 arg1 mats 445:448 electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 409:448 electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 409:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 0 54 theme alginate 90:97 arg1 immobilization 15:28 Layer-by-layer immobilization 0:28 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 0:156 Layer-by-layer immobilization of quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/organic rectorite and alginate onto nanofibrous mats and their antibacterial application. 25659718 3 55 theme mats 676:679 arg1 morphology 621:630 morphology 621:630 morphology 621:630 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 3 55 theme mats 676:679 arg1 activity 650:657 antibacterial activity 636:657 antibacterial activity 636:657 The morphology and antibacterial activity of the resultant mats are studied by changing the number of deposition bilayers, the compositions of dipping solutions and outermost layer. 25659718 2 56 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 CEL 440:442 CEL 440:442 CEL 440:442 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 2 56 theme cellulose 421:429 arg1 acetate 431:437 electrospun cellulose acetate 409:437 electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats 409:448 The negatively charged cellulose nanofibrous mats hydrolyzed from electrospun cellulose acetate (CEL) mats are alternately modified with the positively charged QCM-chitosan and OREC intercalated composites and the negatively charged sodium alginate (ALG) via LBL technique. 25659718 1 57 theme layer-by-layer 285:298 arg1 technique 306:314 layer-by-layer (LBL) technique 285:314 layer-by-layer (LBL) technique 285:314 Quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan (QCM-chitosan) and organic rectorite (OREC) immobilized nanofibrous mats are fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique in a self-assembly manner. 29236232 0 0 theme exopolysaccharides 61:78 arg1 production 47:56 the optimised production 33:56 the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii 33:103 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 10 1 contain has 1617:1619 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1540:1555 the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1527:1555 the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation 1527:1615 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 10 1 contain has 1617:1619 arg2 activity 1643:1650 an immune-stimulatory activity 1621:1650 an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages 1621:1672 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 4 2 theme factorial 705:713 arg1 design 728:733 a factorial experimental design 703:733 a factorial experimental design 703:733 Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work were made using a factorial experimental design. 29236232 9 3 theme Murine 1324:1329 arg1 macrophages 1342:1352 Murine peritoneal macrophages 1324:1352 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h 1324:1392 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 7 4 theme Nuclear 1152:1158 arg1 NMR 1180:1182 NMR 1180:1182 NMR 1180:1182 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 4 theme Nuclear 1152:1158 arg1 Resonance 1169:1177 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1152:1177 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1152:1183 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 5 theme isolated 1082:1089 arg1 EPS 1091:1093 the isolated EPS 1078:1093 the isolated EPS 1078:1093 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 2 6 from variotii 337:344 arg1 production 307:316 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 283:316 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS 283:408 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 1 7 theme filamentous 164:174 arg1 fungus 176:181 a filamentous fungus 162:181 a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation 162:235 Paecilomyces variotii is a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation. 29236232 1 7 theme filamentous 164:174 arg1 variotii 150:157 Paecilomyces variotii 137:157 Paecilomyces variotii 137:157 Paecilomyces variotii is a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation. 29236232 9 8 theme peritoneal 1331:1340 arg1 macrophages 1342:1352 Murine peritoneal macrophages 1324:1352 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h 1324:1392 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 0 9 theme Paecilomyces 83:94 arg1 variotii 96:103 Paecilomyces variotii 83:103 Paecilomyces variotii 83:103 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 3 10 used used 509:512 arg2 methodology 443:453 Response surface methodology 426:453 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) 426:503 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 10 used used 509:512 arg2 RSM 456:458 RSM 456:458 RSM 456:458 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 11 theme chemical 543:550 arg1 factors 552:558 the physical and chemical factors 526:558 the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation 526:608 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 9 12 theme increased 1458:1466 arg1 concentrations 1483:1496 increased polysaccharide concentrations 1458:1496 increased polysaccharide concentrations 1458:1496 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 5 13 theme ammonium 745:752 arg1 nitrate 754:760 ammonium nitrate 745:760 ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) 745:769 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 13 theme ammonium 745:752 arg1 pH 775:776 pH 775:776 pH 775:776 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 13 theme ammonium 745:752 arg1 variables 791:799 variables 791:799 variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 791:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 13 theme ammonium 745:752 arg1 NH4NO3 763:768 NH4NO3 763:768 NH4NO3 763:768 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 13 theme ammonium 745:752 arg1 Glucose 736:742 Glucose 736:742 Glucose 736:742 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 10 14 theme murine 1655:1660 arg1 macrophages 1662:1672 murine macrophages 1655:1672 murine macrophages 1655:1672 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 5 15 theme optimal 876:882 arg1 values 930:935 glucose values 922:935 glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 922:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 15 theme optimal 876:882 arg1 parameters 892:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 10 16 theme cultivation 1605:1615 arg1 conditions 1579:1588 optimised conditions 1569:1588 optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation 1569:1615 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 10 17 theme immune-stimulatory 1624:1641 arg1 activity 1643:1650 an immune-stimulatory activity 1621:1650 an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages 1621:1672 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 3 18 theme physical 530:537 arg1 factors 552:558 the physical and chemical factors 526:558 the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation 526:608 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 4 19 theme present 674:680 arg1 work 682:685 the present work 670:685 the present work 670:685 Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work were made using a factorial experimental design. 29236232 10 20 theme β- 1531:1532 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1540:1555 the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1527:1555 the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation 1527:1615 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 7 21 theme main 1058:1061 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1117:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 21 theme main 1058:1061 arg1 composition 1063:1073 the main composition 1054:1073 the main composition of the isolated EPS 1054:1093 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 2 22 theme exopolysaccharide 283:299 arg1 production 307:316 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production 283:316 exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS 283:408 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 5 23 theme agitation 851:859 arg1 temperature 826:836 constant temperature 817:836 constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm 817:869 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 7 24 theme 1 → 6 1111:1115 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1117:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 24 theme 1 → 6 1111:1115 arg1 composition 1063:1073 the main composition 1054:1073 the main composition of the isolated EPS 1054:1093 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 25 theme culture 1045:1051 arg1 condition 1032:1040 this condition 1027:1040 this condition of culture 1027:1051 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 10 26 from activity 1643:1650 arg1 macrophages 1662:1672 murine macrophages 1655:1672 murine macrophages 1655:1672 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 5 27 theme glucose 922:928 arg1 values 930:935 glucose values 922:935 glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 922:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 27 theme glucose 922:928 arg1 parameters 892:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 2 28 theme EPS 406:408 arg1 variotii 337:344 the fungus P. variotii 323:344 the fungus P. variotii 323:344 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 2 28 theme EPS 406:408 arg1 determination 357:369 structure determination 347:369 structure determination 347:369 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 2 28 theme EPS 406:408 arg1 activity 394:401 immuno-stimulating activity 375:401 immuno-stimulating activity of EPS 375:408 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 0 29 theme β- 0:1 arg1 -D-glucan 7:15 β-(1→6)-D-glucan 0:15 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii 0:103 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 9 30 from increase 1404:1411 arg1 TNF-α 1416:1420 TNF-α 1416:1420 TNF-α 1416:1420 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 9 30 from increase 1404:1411 arg1 release 1445:1451 nitric oxide release 1432:1451 nitric oxide release 1432:1451 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 9 30 from increase 1404:1411 arg1 IL-6 1423:1426 IL-6 1423:1426 IL-6 1423:1426 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 5 31 theme 90 rpm 864:869 arg1 agitation 851:859 agitation 851:859 agitation 851:859 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 31 theme 90 rpm 864:869 arg1 28 °C 841:845 28 °C 841:845 28 °C 841:845 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 7 32 theme β- 1108:1109 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1117:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 32 theme β- 1108:1109 arg1 composition 1063:1073 the main composition 1054:1073 the main composition of the isolated EPS 1054:1093 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 5 33 theme pH 964:965 arg1 values 930:935 glucose values 922:935 glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 922:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 33 theme pH 964:965 arg1 parameters 892:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 8 34 dep unusual 1241:1247 arg1 a 1282:1282 a 1282:1282 a 1282:1282 This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. 29236232 3 35 theme composite 482:490 arg1 CCD 500:502 CCD 500:502 CCD 500:502 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 35 theme composite 482:490 arg1 design 492:497 central composite design 474:497 central composite design (CCD) 474:503 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 0 36 theme 1→6 3:5 arg1 -D-glucan 7:15 β-(1→6)-D-glucan 0:15 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii 0:103 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 0 37 theme immunostimulatory 109:125 arg1 activity 127:134 immunostimulatory activity 109:134 immunostimulatory activity 109:134 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 7 38 from -linked-D-glucan 1117:1132 arg1 condition 1032:1040 this condition 1027:1040 this condition of culture 1027:1051 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 5 39 theme process 884:890 arg1 values 930:935 glucose values 922:935 glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 922:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 39 theme process 884:890 arg1 parameters 892:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 9 40 theme oxide 1439:1443 arg1 release 1445:1451 nitric oxide release 1432:1451 nitric oxide release 1432:1451 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 10 41 theme P. 1593:1594 arg1 cultivation 1605:1615 P. variotii cultivation 1593:1615 P. variotii cultivation 1593:1615 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 3 42 theme surface 435:441 arg1 RSM 456:458 RSM 456:458 RSM 456:458 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 42 theme surface 435:441 arg1 methodology 443:453 Response surface methodology 426:453 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) 426:503 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 5 43 theme % 944:944 arg1 values 930:935 glucose values 922:935 glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 922:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 43 theme % 944:944 arg1 parameters 892:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 44 used used 783:786 arg2 Glucose 736:742 Glucose 736:742 Glucose 736:742 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 44 used used 783:786 arg2 pH 775:776 pH 775:776 pH 775:776 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 44 used used 783:786 arg2 variables 791:799 variables 791:799 variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 791:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 44 used used 783:786 arg2 NH4NO3 763:768 NH4NO3 763:768 NH4NO3 763:768 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 44 used used 783:786 arg2 nitrate 754:760 ammonium nitrate 745:760 ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) 745:769 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 6 45 theme significant 1003:1013 arg1 effects 1015:1021 significant effects 1003:1021 significant effects 1003:1021 The three parameters presented significant effects. 29236232 7 46 theme linear 1101:1106 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1117:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 46 theme linear 1101:1106 arg1 composition 1063:1073 the main composition 1054:1073 the main composition of the isolated EPS 1054:1093 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 10 47 theme 1 → 6 1534:1538 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1540:1555 the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1527:1555 the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation 1527:1615 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 8 48 theme unusual 1241:1247 arg1 polysaccharide 1216:1229 This polysaccharide 1211:1229 This polysaccharide 1211:1229 This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. 29236232 8 48 theme unusual 1241:1247 arg1 fungus 1296:1301 a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus 1234:1301 a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii 1234:1321 This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. 29236232 5 49 theme 28 °C 841:845 arg1 temperature 826:836 constant temperature 817:836 constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm 817:869 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 1 50 theme decaying 217:224 arg1 vegetation 226:235 decaying vegetation 217:235 decaying vegetation 217:235 Paecilomyces variotii is a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation. 29236232 7 51 theme EPS 1091:1093 arg1 -linked-D-glucan 1117:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan 1099:1132 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 51 theme EPS 1091:1093 arg1 composition 1063:1073 the main composition 1054:1073 the main composition of the isolated EPS 1054:1093 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 9 52 theme nitric 1432:1437 arg1 oxide 1439:1443 nitric oxide 1432:1443 nitric oxide release 1432:1451 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 8 53 theme filamentous 1284:1294 arg1 polysaccharide 1216:1229 This polysaccharide 1211:1229 This polysaccharide 1211:1229 This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. 29236232 8 53 theme filamentous 1284:1294 arg1 fungus 1296:1301 a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus 1234:1301 a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii 1234:1321 This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. 29236232 5 54 theme NH4NO3 947:952 arg1 % 958:958 NH4NO3 0.26% 947:958 NH4NO3 0.26% 947:958 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 0 55 contain has 105:107 arg2 activity 127:134 immunostimulatory activity 109:134 immunostimulatory activity 109:134 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 0 55 contain has 105:107 arg1 -D-glucan 7:15 β-(1→6)-D-glucan 0:15 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii 0:103 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 2 56 theme structure 347:355 arg1 variotii 337:344 the fungus P. variotii 323:344 the fungus P. variotii 323:344 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 2 56 theme structure 347:355 arg1 determination 357:369 structure determination 347:369 structure determination 347:369 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 3 57 theme Response 426:433 arg1 RSM 456:458 RSM 456:458 RSM 456:458 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 57 theme Response 426:433 arg1 methodology 443:453 Response surface methodology 426:453 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) 426:503 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 58 theme submerged 587:595 arg1 fermentation 597:608 submerged fermentation 587:608 submerged fermentation 587:608 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 4 59 theme experimental 715:726 arg1 design 728:733 a factorial experimental design 703:733 a factorial experimental design 703:733 Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work were made using a factorial experimental design. 29236232 5 60 theme % 958:958 arg1 values 930:935 glucose values 922:935 glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0 922:969 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 5 60 theme % 958:958 arg1 parameters 892:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 the optimal process parameters 872:901 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 7 61 theme methylation 1189:1199 arg1 analysis 1201:1208 methylation analysis 1189:1208 methylation analysis 1189:1208 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 9 62 theme polysaccharide 1468:1481 arg1 concentrations 1483:1496 increased polysaccharide concentrations 1458:1496 increased polysaccharide concentrations 1458:1496 Murine peritoneal macrophages cultivated with β-glucan for 6 and 48 h showed an increase in TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide release with increased polysaccharide concentrations. 29236232 4 63 dep investigations 623:636 arg1 choose 641:646 choose 641:646 to choose the three factors for the present work 638:685 Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work were made using a factorial experimental design. 29236232 2 64 theme process 271:277 arg1 Optimization 238:249 Optimization 238:249 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS 238:408 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 10 65 dep P. 1593:1594 arg1 variotii 1596:1603 variotii 1596:1603 variotii 1596:1603 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 1 66 theme Paecilomyces 137:148 arg1 fungus 176:181 a filamentous fungus 162:181 a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation 162:235 Paecilomyces variotii is a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation. 29236232 1 66 theme Paecilomyces 137:148 arg1 variotii 150:157 Paecilomyces variotii 137:157 Paecilomyces variotii 137:157 Paecilomyces variotii is a filamentous fungus that occurs worldwide in soil and decaying vegetation. 29236232 8 67 from fungi 1264:1268 arg1 EPS 1255:1257 an EPS 1252:1257 an EPS from fungi 1252:1268 This polysaccharide is a very unusual as an EPS from fungi, especially a filamentous fungus such as P. variotii. 29236232 4 68 theme Preliminary 611:621 arg1 investigations 623:636 Preliminary investigations 611:636 Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work 611:685 Preliminary investigations to choose the three factors for the present work were made using a factorial experimental design. 29236232 7 69 theme Magnetic 1160:1167 arg1 NMR 1180:1182 NMR 1180:1182 NMR 1180:1182 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 7 69 theme Magnetic 1160:1167 arg1 Resonance 1169:1177 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1152:1177 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1152:1183 In this condition of culture, the main composition of the isolated EPS was a linear β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan, as determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and methylation analysis. 29236232 3 70 theme central 474:480 arg1 CCD 500:502 CCD 500:502 CCD 500:502 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 3 70 theme central 474:480 arg1 design 492:497 central composite design 474:497 central composite design (CCD) 474:503 Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the physical and chemical factors required to produce EPS in submerged fermentation. 29236232 2 71 theme fermentation 258:269 arg1 process 271:277 the fermentation process 254:277 the fermentation process 254:277 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 5 72 theme constant 817:824 arg1 temperature 826:836 constant temperature 817:836 constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm 817:869 Glucose, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and pH were used as variables for which, with constant temperature of 28 °C and agitation of 90 rpm, the optimal process parameters were determined as glucose values of 0.96%, NH4NO3 0.26% and pH 8.0. 29236232 10 73 theme optimised 1569:1577 arg1 conditions 1579:1588 optimised conditions 1569:1588 optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation 1569:1615 Therefore, we conclude that the β-(1 → 6)-linked-D-glucan produced in optimised conditions of P. variotii cultivation has an immune-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. 29236232 0 74 theme optimised 37:45 arg1 production 47:56 the optimised production 33:56 the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii 33:103 β-(1→6)-D-glucan secreted during the optimised production of exopolysaccharides by Paecilomyces variotii has immunostimulatory activity. 29236232 2 75 theme immuno-stimulating 375:392 arg1 variotii 337:344 the fungus P. variotii 323:344 the fungus P. variotii 323:344 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29236232 2 75 theme immuno-stimulating 375:392 arg1 activity 394:401 immuno-stimulating activity 375:401 immuno-stimulating activity of EPS 375:408 Optimization of the fermentation process for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the fungus P. variotii, structure determination and immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were performed. 29023123 1 0 theme structure 346:354 arg1 characterization 356:371 its specific structure characterization 333:371 its specific structure characterization 333:371 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 0 1 from Study 11:15 arg1 Fractions 35:43 Polysaccharide Fractions 20:43 Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica 20:67 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 3 2 dep fractions 626:634 arg1 LP-A6 644:648 LP-A6 644:648 LP-A6 644:648 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 2 dep fractions 626:634 arg1 LP-A8 655:659 LP-A8 655:659 LP-A8 655:659 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 2 dep fractions 626:634 arg1 LP-A4 637:641 LP-A4 637:641 LP-A4 637:641 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 2 dep fractions 626:634 arg1 fractions 626:634 three LP-A fractions 615:634 three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8) 615:660 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 0 3 theme Acid 107:110 arg1 Capacity 120:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 3 4 theme acid-binding 590:601 arg1 capacity 603:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 1 5 theme significant 266:276 arg1 capacity 296:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 0 6 theme Bile 102:105 arg1 Capacity 120:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 0 7 from japonica 60:67 arg1 Fractions 35:43 Polysaccharide Fractions 20:43 Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica 20:67 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 6 8 theme functional 1227:1236 arg1 candidate 1254:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate 1213:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population 1213:1296 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 6 8 theme functional 1227:1236 arg1 evidence 1162:1169 scientific evidence 1151:1169 scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 1151:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 5 9 theme abundant 994:1001 arg1 sulfate 1003:1009 abundant sulfate 994:1009 abundant sulfate 994:1009 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 1 10 theme bile 278:281 arg1 capacity 296:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 6 11 theme potential 1179:1187 arg1 utilization 1189:1199 the potential utilization 1175:1199 the potential utilization of LP-A8 1175:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 2 12 dep structure 399:407 arg1 characterization 409:424 characterization 409:424 characterization 409:424 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 5 13 from galactose 1024:1032 arg1 morphology 1119:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 13 from galactose 1024:1032 arg1 composition 1046:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 1 14 theme crude 172:176 arg1 polysaccharide 178:191 the crude polysaccharide 168:191 the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) 168:259 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 0 15 theme Binding 112:118 arg1 Capacity 120:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 3 16 theme bile 585:588 arg1 capacity 603:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 5 17 from fucose 1012:1017 arg1 morphology 1119:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 17 from fucose 1012:1017 arg1 composition 1046:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 1 18 contain have 261:264 arg1 polysaccharide 178:191 the crude polysaccharide 168:191 the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) 168:259 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 1 18 contain have 261:264 arg2 capacity 296:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 5 19 from structure 983:991 arg1 morphology 1119:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 19 from structure 983:991 arg1 composition 1046:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 3 20 theme LP-A 621:624 arg1 LP-A6 644:648 LP-A6 644:648 LP-A6 644:648 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 20 theme LP-A 621:624 arg1 LP-A8 655:659 LP-A8 655:659 LP-A8 655:659 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 20 theme LP-A 621:624 arg1 LP-A4 637:641 LP-A4 637:641 LP-A4 637:641 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 20 theme LP-A 621:624 arg1 fractions 626:634 three LP-A fractions 615:634 three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8) 615:660 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 0 21 theme Comparison 0:9 arg1 Study 11:15 Comparison Study 0:15 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 0:128 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 1 22 theme acid-binding 283:294 arg1 capacity 296:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 significant bile acid-binding capacity 266:303 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 3 23 theme fractions 626:634 arg1 capacity 603:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 23 theme fractions 626:634 arg1 structure 554:562 the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity 550:610 structure 554:562 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 0 24 theme Polysaccharide 20:33 arg1 Fractions 35:43 Polysaccharide Fractions 20:43 Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica 20:67 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 0 25 dep Study 11:15 arg1 Characterization 81:96 Structural Characterization 70:96 Structural Characterization 70:96 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 0 25 dep Study 11:15 arg1 Capacity 120:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Bile Acid Binding Capacity 102:127 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 3 26 from study 541:545 arg1 capacity 603:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 bile acid-binding capacity 585:610 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 26 from study 541:545 arg1 structure 554:562 the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity 550:610 structure 554:562 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 3 27 dep structure 554:562 arg1 characterization 564:579 characterization 564:579 characterization 564:579 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 2 28 theme purified 464:471 arg1 fractions 478:486 the purified LP-A fractions 460:486 the purified LP-A fractions 460:486 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 2 29 theme LP-A 473:476 arg1 fractions 478:486 the purified LP-A fractions 460:486 the purified LP-A fractions 460:486 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 4 30 theme different 798:806 arg1 characterization 818:833 significantly different structure characterization 784:833 significantly different structure characterization 784:833 The results indicated that LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8, characterized as mannoglucan, fucomannoglucan, and fucogalactan, had significantly different structure characterization. 29023123 6 31 theme food 1238:1241 arg1 candidate 1254:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate 1213:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population 1213:1296 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 6 31 theme food 1238:1241 arg1 evidence 1162:1169 scientific evidence 1151:1169 scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 1151:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 5 32 theme bile 853:856 arg1 higher 903:908 higher 903:908 higher 903:908 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 32 theme bile 853:856 arg1 capacity 871:878 the bile acid-binding capacity 849:878 the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 849:887 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 33 theme molecular 1109:1117 arg1 morphology 1119:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 6 34 theme supplement 1243:1252 arg1 candidate 1254:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate 1213:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population 1213:1296 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 6 34 theme supplement 1243:1252 arg1 evidence 1162:1169 scientific evidence 1151:1169 scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 1151:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 5 35 theme LP-A8 883:887 arg1 higher 903:908 higher 903:908 higher 903:908 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 35 theme LP-A8 883:887 arg1 capacity 871:878 the bile acid-binding capacity 849:878 the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 849:887 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 2 36 theme acid-binding 435:446 arg1 capacity 448:455 bile acid-binding capacity 430:455 bile acid-binding capacity 430:455 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 2 37 theme fractions 478:486 arg1 capacity 448:455 bile acid-binding capacity 430:455 bile acid-binding capacity 430:455 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 2 37 theme fractions 478:486 arg1 structure 399:407 structure 399:407 structure 399:407 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 1 38 theme acid 229:232 arg1 LP-A 255:258 LP-A 255:258 LP-A 255:258 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 1 38 theme acid 229:232 arg1 extraction 243:252 acid assisted extraction 229:252 acid assisted extraction (LP-A) 229:259 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 6 39 theme scientific 1151:1160 arg1 candidate 1254:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate 1213:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population 1213:1296 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 6 39 theme scientific 1151:1160 arg1 evidence 1162:1169 scientific evidence 1151:1169 scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 1151:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 3 40 theme comparison 530:539 arg1 study 541:545 a comparison study 528:545 a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8) 528:660 This paper conducted a comparison study on the structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of three LP-A fractions (LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8). 29023123 0 41 theme Laminaria 50:58 arg1 japonica 60:67 Laminaria japonica 50:67 Laminaria japonica 50:67 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 5 42 theme denser 1062:1067 arg1 network 1098:1104 denser interconnected macromolecule network 1062:1104 denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology 1062:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 6 43 theme hyperlipidemia 1272:1285 arg1 population 1287:1296 the hyperlipidemia population 1268:1296 the hyperlipidemia population 1268:1296 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 4 44 contain had 780:782 arg1 LP-A8 708:712 LP-A8 708:712 LP-A8 708:712 The results indicated that LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8, characterized as mannoglucan, fucomannoglucan, and fucogalactan, had significantly different structure characterization. 29023123 4 44 contain had 780:782 arg1 LP-A4 690:694 LP-A4 690:694 LP-A4 690:694 The results indicated that LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8, characterized as mannoglucan, fucomannoglucan, and fucogalactan, had significantly different structure characterization. 29023123 4 44 contain had 780:782 arg2 characterization 818:833 significantly different structure characterization 784:833 significantly different structure characterization 784:833 The results indicated that LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8, characterized as mannoglucan, fucomannoglucan, and fucogalactan, had significantly different structure characterization. 29023123 4 44 contain had 780:782 arg1 LP-A6 697:701 LP-A6 697:701 LP-A6 697:701 The results indicated that LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8, characterized as mannoglucan, fucomannoglucan, and fucogalactan, had significantly different structure characterization. 29023123 5 45 theme interconnected 1069:1082 arg1 network 1098:1104 denser interconnected macromolecule network 1062:1104 denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology 1062:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 46 theme chemical 1037:1044 arg1 composition 1046:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 1 47 theme previous 134:141 arg1 study 143:147 Our previous study 130:147 Our previous study 130:147 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 5 48 theme branched 974:981 arg1 structure 983:991 its highly branched structure 963:991 its highly branched structure 963:991 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 1 49 theme assisted 234:241 arg1 LP-A 255:258 LP-A 255:258 LP-A 255:258 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 1 49 theme assisted 234:241 arg1 extraction 243:252 acid assisted extraction 229:252 acid assisted extraction (LP-A) 229:259 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 5 50 theme macromolecule 1084:1096 arg1 network 1098:1104 denser interconnected macromolecule network 1062:1104 denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology 1062:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 4 51 theme structure 808:816 arg1 characterization 818:833 significantly different structure characterization 784:833 significantly different structure characterization 784:833 The results indicated that LP-A4, LP-A6, and LP-A8, characterized as mannoglucan, fucomannoglucan, and fucogalactan, had significantly different structure characterization. 29023123 6 52 theme attractive 1216:1225 arg1 candidate 1254:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate 1213:1262 an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population 1213:1296 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 6 52 theme attractive 1216:1225 arg1 evidence 1162:1169 scientific evidence 1151:1169 scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 1151:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 0 53 theme Structural 70:79 arg1 Characterization 81:96 Structural Characterization 70:96 Structural Characterization 70:96 Comparison Study on Polysaccharide Fractions from Laminaria japonica: Structural Characterization and Bile Acid Binding Capacity. 29023123 1 54 dep Laminaria 207:215 arg1 japonica 217:224 Laminaria japonica 207:224 Laminaria japonica 207:224 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 5 55 theme other 919:923 arg1 fractions 925:933 the other fractions 915:933 the other fractions 915:933 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 2 56 theme bile 430:433 arg1 capacity 448:455 bile acid-binding capacity 430:455 bile acid-binding capacity 430:455 The relationship between structure characterization and bile acid-binding capacity of the purified LP-A fractions are still unknown. 29023123 6 57 theme LP-A8 1204:1208 arg1 utilization 1189:1199 the potential utilization 1175:1199 the potential utilization of LP-A8 1175:1208 This study provides scientific evidence for the potential utilization of LP-A8 as an attractive functional food supplement candidate for the hyperlipidemia population. 29023123 5 58 from network 1098:1104 arg1 morphology 1119:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 58 from network 1098:1104 arg1 composition 1046:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 1 59 theme specific 337:344 arg1 characterization 356:371 its specific structure characterization 333:371 its specific structure characterization 333:371 Our previous study has suggested that the crude polysaccharide obtained from Laminaria japonica by acid assisted extraction (LP-A) have significant bile acid-binding capacity, which probably ascribed to its specific structure characterization. 29023123 5 60 theme acid-binding 858:869 arg1 higher 903:908 higher 903:908 higher 903:908 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 60 theme acid-binding 858:869 arg1 capacity 871:878 the bile acid-binding capacity 849:878 the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 849:887 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 61 from sulfate 1003:1009 arg1 morphology 1119:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 molecular morphology 1109:1128 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 29023123 5 61 from sulfate 1003:1009 arg1 composition 1046:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 chemical composition 1037:1056 Furthermore, the bile acid-binding capacity of LP-A8 was obviously higher than the other fractions, which may be attributed to its highly branched structure, abundant sulfate, fucose, and galactose in chemical composition and denser interconnected macromolecule network in molecular morphology. 27516302 7 0 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 w/v 1145:1147 0.1% w/v 1140:1147 0.1% w/v 1140:1147 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 7 0 theme % 1143:1143 arg1 concentration 1105:1117 the critical concentration 1092:1117 the critical concentration 1092:1117 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 5 1 theme -α-d-Manp- 814:823 arg1 1→ 825:826 →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 795:826 →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 795:826 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 5 2 theme glucuronomannan 738:752 arg1 structure 760:768 a glucuronomannan based structure 736:768 a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose 736:867 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 0 3 from characterisation 11:26 arg1 sesame 80:85 sesame 80:85 sesame 80:85 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 5 4 theme Proton 671:676 arg1 spectroscopy 692:703 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy 671:703 spectroscopy 692:703 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 3 5 theme anion 389:393 arg1 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 5 theme anion 389:393 arg1 chromatography 404:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography 372:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 372:425 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 6 6 theme viscoelastic 925:936 arg1 properties 938:947 temperature independent viscoelastic properties 901:947 temperature independent viscoelastic properties 901:947 Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. 27516302 7 7 theme Intrinsic 977:985 arg1 viscosity 987:995 Intrinsic viscosity 977:995 Intrinsic viscosity 977:995 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 3 8 theme exchange 395:402 arg1 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 8 theme exchange 395:402 arg1 chromatography 404:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography 372:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 372:425 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 6 9 theme sesamum 879:885 arg1 gum 887:889 Hydrated sesamum gum 870:889 Hydrated sesamum gum 870:889 Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. 27516302 7 10 theme critical 1096:1103 arg1 w/v 1145:1147 0.1% w/v 1140:1147 0.1% w/v 1140:1147 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 7 10 theme critical 1096:1103 arg1 concentration 1105:1117 the critical concentration 1092:1117 the critical concentration 1092:1117 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 5 11 theme 1→ 825:826 arg1 backbone 783:790 a backbone 781:790 a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose 781:867 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 3 12 theme high 372:375 arg1 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 12 theme high 372:375 arg1 chromatography 404:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography 372:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 372:425 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 6 13 theme Hydrated 870:877 arg1 gum 887:889 Hydrated sesamum gum 870:889 Hydrated sesamum gum 870:889 Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. 27516302 8 14 theme material 1243:1250 arg1 applications 1222:1233 potential applications 1212:1233 potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals 1212:1279 The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals. 27516302 5 15 with backbone 783:790 arg1 side-chains 833:843 side-chains 833:843 side-chains of galactose and xylose 833:867 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 5 16 theme galactose 848:856 arg1 side-chains 833:843 side-chains 833:843 side-chains of galactose and xylose 833:867 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 3 17 theme performance 377:387 arg1 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 HPAEC 420:424 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 17 theme performance 377:387 arg1 chromatography 404:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography 372:417 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 372:425 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 2 18 from maceration 203:212 arg1 water 227:231 deionized water 217:231 deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation 217:265 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 5 19 theme -β-d-GlcpA- 798:808 arg1 1→ 825:826 →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 795:826 →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 795:826 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 0 20 from properties 44:53 arg1 sesame 80:85 sesame 80:85 sesame 80:85 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 4 21 theme arabinose 660:668 arg1 quantities 624:633 trace quantities 618:633 trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose 618:668 Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. 27516302 0 22 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 5 23 theme NMR 688:690 arg1 spectroscopy 692:703 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy 671:703 spectroscopy 692:703 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 0 24 dep leaves 87:92 arg1 Schumach 112:119 Schumach 112:119 Schumach 112:119 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 0 25 theme rheological 32:42 arg1 properties 44:53 rheological properties 32:53 rheological properties 32:53 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 3 26 theme resonance 494:502 arg1 spectroscopy 510:521 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 477:521 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 477:521 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 2 27 dep the 155:157 arg1 leaves 159:164 leaves 159:164 leaves 159:164 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 7 28 theme deionised 1056:1064 arg1 water 1066:1070 deionised water 1056:1070 deionised water 1056:1070 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 7 29 from 3.31 1018:1021 arg1 NaCl 1047:1050 0.1M NaCl 1042:1050 0.1M NaCl 1042:1050 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 7 29 from 3.31 1018:1021 arg1 water 1066:1070 deionised water 1056:1070 deionised water 1056:1070 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 3 30 theme chromatography-mass 432:450 arg1 GC-MS 466:470 GC-MS 466:470 GC-MS 466:470 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 30 theme chromatography-mass 432:450 arg1 spectrometry 452:463 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 428:463 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 428:471 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 6 31 theme thermal 957:963 arg1 hysteresis 965:974 no thermal hysteresis 954:974 no thermal hysteresis 954:974 Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. 27516302 7 32 theme 0.1M 1042:1045 arg1 NaCl 1047:1050 0.1M NaCl 1042:1050 0.1M NaCl 1042:1050 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 2 33 theme Sesamum 169:175 arg1 radiatum 177:184 Sesamum radiatum 169:184 Sesamum radiatum 169:184 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 3 34 theme nuclear 477:483 arg1 NMR 505:507 NMR 505:507 NMR 505:507 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 34 theme nuclear 477:483 arg1 resonance 494:502 nuclear magnetic resonance 477:502 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 477:521 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 7 35 theme 0.1 1140:1142 arg1 % 1143:1143 % 1143:1143 % 1143:1143 Intrinsic viscosity was determined to be 3.31 and 4.40dLg(-1) in 0.1M NaCl and deionised water respectively, while the critical concentration was determined to be 0.1% w/v. 27516302 5 36 theme linkage 710:716 arg1 analysis 718:725 linkage analysis 710:725 linkage analysis 710:725 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 0 37 from sesame 80:85 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 0 37 from sesame 80:85 arg1 properties 44:53 rheological properties 32:53 rheological properties 32:53 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 0 37 from sesame 80:85 arg1 polysaccharide 60:73 a polysaccharide 58:73 a polysaccharide from sesame 58:85 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 5 38 theme 1→2 810:812 arg1 1→ 825:826 →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 795:826 →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 795:826 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 3 39 theme magnetic 485:492 arg1 NMR 505:507 NMR 505:507 NMR 505:507 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 39 theme magnetic 485:492 arg1 resonance 494:502 nuclear magnetic resonance 477:502 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 477:521 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 2 40 from the 155:157 arg1 polysaccharide 135:148 A polysaccharide 133:148 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum 133:184 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 2 41 theme deionized 217:225 arg1 water 227:231 deionized water 217:231 deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation 217:265 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 3 42 theme gas 428:430 arg1 GC-MS 466:470 GC-MS 466:470 GC-MS 466:470 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 3 42 theme gas 428:430 arg1 spectrometry 452:463 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 428:463 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 428:471 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 6 43 theme independent 913:923 arg1 properties 938:947 temperature independent viscoelastic properties 901:947 temperature independent viscoelastic properties 901:947 Hydrated sesamum gum displayed temperature independent viscoelastic properties with no thermal hysteresis. 27516302 8 44 from applications 1222:1233 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1265:1279 pharmaceuticals 1265:1279 pharmaceuticals 1265:1279 The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals. 27516302 8 44 from applications 1222:1233 arg1 foods 1255:1259 foods 1255:1259 foods 1255:1259 The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals. 27516302 4 45 theme glucuronic 565:574 arg1 acid 576:579 glucuronic acid 565:579 glucuronic acid 565:579 Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. 27516302 5 46 theme C 686:686 arg1 spectroscopy 692:703 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy 671:703 spectroscopy 692:703 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 2 47 dep extracted 190:198 arg1 characterised 298:310 characterised 298:310 was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised 186:310 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 3 48 theme Monosaccharide 313:326 arg1 composition 328:338 Monosaccharide composition 313:338 Monosaccharide composition 313:338 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy respectively. 27516302 4 49 theme trace 618:622 arg1 quantities 624:633 trace quantities 618:633 trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose 618:668 Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. 27516302 5 50 theme based 754:758 arg1 structure 760:768 a glucuronomannan based structure 736:768 a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose 736:867 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 2 51 theme ethanol 245:251 arg1 precipitation 253:265 ethanol precipitation 245:265 ethanol precipitation 245:265 A polysaccharide from the leaves of Sesamum radiatum was extracted by maceration in deionized water followed by ethanol precipitation then chemically and physically characterised. 27516302 4 52 theme rhamnose 647:654 arg1 quantities 624:633 trace quantities 618:633 trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose 618:668 Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. 27516302 5 53 theme xylose 862:867 arg1 side-chains 833:843 side-chains 833:843 side-chains of galactose and xylose 833:867 Proton and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis revealed a glucuronomannan based structure comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→2)-α-d-Manp-(1→ with side-chains of galactose and xylose. 27516302 8 54 theme potential 1212:1220 arg1 applications 1222:1233 potential applications 1212:1233 potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals 1212:1279 The characterisation performed in this study will help direct potential applications of this material in foods and pharmaceuticals. 27516302 4 55 theme glucose 638:644 arg1 quantities 624:633 trace quantities 618:633 trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose 618:668 Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. 27516302 0 56 theme polysaccharide 60:73 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 0 56 theme polysaccharide 60:73 arg1 properties 44:53 rheological properties 32:53 rheological properties 32:53 Structural characterisation and rheological properties of a polysaccharide from sesame leaves (Sesamum radiatum Schumach. 27516302 4 57 theme Sesamum 537:543 arg1 gum 545:547 Sesamum gum 537:547 Sesamum gum 537:547 Sesamum gum was composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, galactose, and xylose with trace quantities of glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. 27608001 5 0 theme gelling 760:766 arg1 properties 768:777 weak gelling properties 755:777 weak gelling properties 755:777 PLAP solution showed pseudoplastic behavior, and weak gelling properties at high concentration. 27608001 4 1 theme Xylp 691:694 arg1 residues 696:703 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues 678:703 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues 678:703 PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. 27608001 3 2 theme structural 478:487 arg1 properties 505:514 Its structural and rheological properties 474:514 Its structural and rheological properties 474:514 Its structural and rheological properties were characterized by monosaccharide composition, methylation, GC-MS and rheometry. 27608001 6 3 theme gel 904:906 arg1 strength 908:915 gel strength 904:915 gel strength 904:915 Sodium and especially calcium ions played a significant role in increasing the apparent viscosity and gel strength. 27608001 1 4 theme structural 235:244 arg1 characteristics 262:276 the structural and rheological characteristics 231:276 the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract 231:300 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 0 5 theme Plantago 75:82 arg1 Seeds 66:70 the Seeds 62:70 the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties 62:125 Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. 27608001 6 6 theme calcium 824:830 arg1 ions 832:835 calcium ions 824:835 calcium ions 824:835 Sodium and especially calcium ions played a significant role in increasing the apparent viscosity and gel strength. 27608001 1 7 theme Plantago 161:168 arg1 seeds 152:156 the seeds 148:156 the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. 148:180 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 1 8 theme rheological 250:260 arg1 characteristics 262:276 the structural and rheological characteristics 231:276 the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract 231:300 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 5 9 theme pseudoplastic 727:739 arg1 behavior 741:748 pseudoplastic behavior 727:748 pseudoplastic behavior 727:748 PLAP solution showed pseudoplastic behavior, and weak gelling properties at high concentration. 27608001 4 10 theme acidic 612:617 arg1 arabinoxylan 619:630 an acidic arabinoxylan 609:630 an acidic arabinoxylan 609:630 PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. 27608001 3 11 theme monosaccharide 538:551 arg1 composition 553:563 monosaccharide composition 538:563 monosaccharide composition 538:563 Its structural and rheological properties were characterized by monosaccharide composition, methylation, GC-MS and rheometry. 27608001 0 12 theme Rheological 104:114 arg1 Properties 116:125 Its Rheological Properties 100:125 Its Rheological Properties 100:125 Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. 27608001 1 13 from seeds 152:156 arg1 Polysaccharide 128:141 Polysaccharide 128:141 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. 128:180 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 2 14 dep P. 368:369 arg1 L. 380:381 P. asiatica L. 368:381 P. asiatica L. 368:381 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 15 theme P. 451:452 arg1 L 463:463 P. asiatica L 451:463 P. asiatica L. (PLAP) 451:471 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 15 theme P. 451:452 arg1 PLAP 467:470 PLAP 467:470 PLAP 467:470 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 6 16 theme apparent 881:888 arg1 viscosity 890:898 the apparent viscosity 877:898 the apparent viscosity 877:898 Sodium and especially calcium ions played a significant role in increasing the apparent viscosity and gel strength. 27608001 2 17 dep P. 451:452 arg1 asiatica 454:461 asiatica 454:461 asiatica 454:461 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 18 theme extracted 316:324 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 18 theme extracted 316:324 arg1 polysaccharide 422:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide 403:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP) 403:471 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 4 19 theme 1,2,4-linked 656:667 arg1 Xylp 669:672 1,2,4-linked Xylp 656:672 1,2,4-linked Xylp 656:672 PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. 27608001 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Features 11:18 Structural Features 0:18 Structural Features of Alkaline 0:30 Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. 27608001 0 21 dep Plantago 75:82 arg1 L. 93:94 Plantago asiatica L. 75:94 Plantago asiatica L. 75:94 Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. 27608001 1 22 theme many 186:189 arg1 bioactivities 191:203 many bioactivities 186:203 many bioactivities 186:203 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 0 23 theme Alkaline 23:30 arg1 Features 11:18 Structural Features 0:18 Structural Features of Alkaline 0:30 Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. 27608001 1 24 dep Plantago 161:168 arg1 L. 179:180 Plantago asiatica L. 161:180 Plantago asiatica L. 161:180 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 1 25 theme alkaline 285:292 arg1 extract 294:300 the alkaline extract 281:300 the alkaline extract 281:300 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 0 26 theme Properties 116:125 arg1 Seeds 66:70 the Seeds 62:70 the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties 62:125 Structural Features of Alkaline Extracted Polysaccharide from the Seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and Its Rheological Properties. 27608001 4 27 theme 1,3,4-linked 678:689 arg1 residues 696:703 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues 678:703 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues 678:703 PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. 27608001 2 28 theme extracted 412:420 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 28 theme extracted 412:420 arg1 polysaccharide 422:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide 403:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP) 403:471 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 1 29 theme extract 294:300 arg1 characteristics 262:276 the structural and rheological characteristics 231:276 the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract 231:300 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 5 30 theme PLAP 706:709 arg1 solution 711:718 PLAP solution 706:718 PLAP solution 706:718 PLAP solution showed pseudoplastic behavior, and weak gelling properties at high concentration. 27608001 1 31 contain has 182:184 arg1 Polysaccharide 128:141 Polysaccharide 128:141 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. 128:180 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 1 31 contain has 182:184 arg2 bioactivities 191:203 many bioactivities 186:203 many bioactivities 186:203 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 4 32 link 1,2,4-linked 656:667 arg1 Xylp 669:672 1,2,4-linked Xylp 656:672 1,2,4-linked Xylp 656:672 PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. 27608001 2 33 theme alkaline 403:410 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 33 theme alkaline 403:410 arg1 polysaccharide 422:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide 403:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP) 403:471 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 5 34 theme high 782:785 arg1 concentration 787:799 high concentration 782:799 high concentration 782:799 PLAP solution showed pseudoplastic behavior, and weak gelling properties at high concentration. 27608001 1 35 theme few 210:212 arg1 papers 214:219 few papers 210:219 few papers 210:219 Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. has many bioactivities, but few papers report on the structural and rheological characteristics of the alkaline extract. 27608001 2 36 theme L 463:463 arg1 seeds 442:446 seeds 442:446 seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP) 442:471 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 6 37 theme significant 846:856 arg1 role 858:861 a significant role 844:861 a significant role 844:861 Sodium and especially calcium ions played a significant role in increasing the apparent viscosity and gel strength. 27608001 4 38 link 1,3,4-linked 678:689 arg1 residues 696:703 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues 678:703 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues 678:703 PLAP, as an acidic arabinoxylan, was mainly composed of 1,2,4-linked Xylp and 1,3,4-linked Xylp residues. 27608001 2 39 dep extracted 316:324 arg1 alkaline 307:314 alkaline 307:314 alkaline 307:314 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 3 40 theme rheological 493:503 arg1 properties 505:514 Its structural and rheological properties 474:514 Its structural and rheological properties 474:514 Its structural and rheological properties were characterized by monosaccharide composition, methylation, GC-MS and rheometry. 27608001 5 41 theme weak 755:758 arg1 properties 768:777 weak gelling properties 755:777 weak gelling properties 755:777 PLAP solution showed pseudoplastic behavior, and weak gelling properties at high concentration. 27608001 2 42 from seeds 442:446 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide 303:339 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 42 from seeds 442:446 arg1 polysaccharide 422:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide 403:435 alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP) 403:471 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 27608001 2 43 theme P. 368:369 arg1 seeds 359:363 seeds 359:363 seeds of P. asiatica L. 359:381 The alkaline extracted polysaccharide was prepared from seeds of P. asiatica L. and named herein as alkaline extracted polysaccharide from seeds of P. asiatica L. (PLAP). 26508325 6 0 theme microalgae 1132:1141 arg1 cells 1143:1147 microalgae cells 1132:1147 microalgae cells 1132:1147 Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that microalgae cells were significantly disrupted by the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment. 26508325 5 1 theme weight 899:904 arg1 protein 879:885 soluble protein 871:885 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight 844:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 2 theme dry 890:892 arg1 weight 899:904 dry cell weight 890:904 dry cell weight 890:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 1 3 theme Scenedesmus 177:187 arg1 obliquus 189:196 Scenedesmus obliquus 177:196 Scenedesmus obliquus 177:196 Microalgae species including Chlamydomonas mexicana, Micractinium reisseri, Scenedesmus obliquus and Tribonema aequale were cultivated in batch cultures, and their biochemical composition was determined. 26508325 7 4 theme biofuels 1432:1439 arg1 generation 1418:1427 generation 1418:1427 generation of biofuels 1418:1439 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 4 5 from pH 784:785 arg1 [1 763:764 [1]:[5] 763:769 [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5 763:787 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 4 5 from pH 784:785 arg1 ratio 703:707 The optimal ratio 691:707 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield 691:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 7 6 used used 1395:1398 arg2 feedstocks 1403:1412 feedstocks 1403:1412 feedstocks 1403:1412 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 7 6 used used 1395:1398 arg2 proteins 1373:1380 proteins 1373:1380 proteins 1373:1380 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 7 6 used used 1395:1398 arg2 carbohydrates 1355:1367 carbohydrates 1355:1367 carbohydrates 1355:1367 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 7 7 theme proteins 1373:1380 arg1 recovery 1343:1350 the recovery 1339:1350 the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels 1339:1439 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 5 8 theme mg 1025:1026 arg1 content 1000:1006 the soluble protein content 980:1006 the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content 980:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 8 theme mg 1025:1026 arg1 g 1028:1028 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 9 theme soluble 984:990 arg1 content 1000:1006 the soluble protein content 980:1006 the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content 980:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 9 theme soluble 984:990 arg1 g 1028:1028 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 10 theme hydrolysis 814:823 arg1 treatment 825:833 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment 790:833 treatment 825:833 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 6 11 theme hydrolysis 1216:1225 arg1 treatment 1227:1235 the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment 1181:1235 treatment 1227:1235 Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that microalgae cells were significantly disrupted by the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment. 26508325 4 12 from °C 777:778 arg1 [1 763:764 [1]:[5] 763:769 [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5 763:787 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 4 12 from °C 777:778 arg1 ratio 703:707 The optimal ratio 691:707 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield 691:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 5 13 theme soluble 871:877 arg1 protein 879:885 soluble protein 871:885 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight 844:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 4 14 theme maximum 741:747 arg1 TRS 749:751 maximum TRS 741:751 maximum TRS yield 741:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 6 15 theme microscopic 1096:1106 arg1 analyses 1108:1115 transmission electron microscopic analyses 1074:1115 transmission electron microscopic analyses 1074:1115 Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that microalgae cells were significantly disrupted by the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment. 26508325 3 16 theme mg 507:508 arg1 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 16 theme mg 507:508 arg1 g 510:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g 498:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight 498:564 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 17 dep conditions 440:449 arg1 °C 474:475 50 °C 471:475 50 °C for 15 min 471:486 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 6 18 theme enzyme 1209:1214 arg1 treatment 1227:1235 the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment 1181:1235 treatment 1227:1235 Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that microalgae cells were significantly disrupted by the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment. 26508325 3 19 dep TRS 645:647 arg1 yield 649:653 yield 649:653 yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)) 649:688 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 20 theme total 519:523 arg1 TRS 542:544 TRS 542:544 TRS 542:544 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 20 theme total 519:523 arg1 sugars 534:539 total reducing sugars 519:539 total reducing sugars (TRS) 519:545 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 1 21 theme Microalgae 101:110 arg1 species 112:118 Microalgae species 101:118 Microalgae species including Chlamydomonas mexicana, Micractinium reisseri, Scenedesmus obliquus and Tribonema aequale 101:218 Microalgae species including Chlamydomonas mexicana, Micractinium reisseri, Scenedesmus obliquus and Tribonema aequale were cultivated in batch cultures, and their biochemical composition was determined. 26508325 5 22 theme dissolved 939:947 arg1 fraction 962:969 the dissolved carbohydrate fraction 935:969 the dissolved carbohydrate fraction 935:969 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 4 23 theme substrate 723:731 arg1 [1 763:764 [1]:[5] 763:769 [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5 763:787 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 4 23 theme substrate 723:731 arg1 ratio 703:707 The optimal ratio 691:707 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield 691:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 3 24 theme reducing 525:532 arg1 TRS 542:544 TRS 542:544 TRS 542:544 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 24 theme reducing 525:532 arg1 sugars 534:539 total reducing sugars 519:539 total reducing sugars (TRS) 519:545 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 5 25 dep % 847:847 arg1 protein 879:885 soluble protein 871:885 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight 844:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 0 26 theme biomass 27:33 arg1 Pretreatment 0:11 Pretreatment 0:11 Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for enhanced recovery/extraction of reducing sugars and proteins. 0:99 Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for enhanced recovery/extraction of reducing sugars and proteins. 26508325 3 27 theme mg 680:681 arg1 -1 685:686 -1 685:686 -1 685:686 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 27 theme mg 680:681 arg1 g 683:683 280.5 ± 4.9 mg g 668:683 280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1) 668:687 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 2 28 theme carbohydrate 336:347 arg1 content 349:355 the highest carbohydrate content 324:355 the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% 324:364 C. mexicana showed the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% and was selected for further study. 26508325 5 29 theme total 1038:1042 arg1 content 1052:1058 total protein content 1038:1058 total protein content 1038:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 3 30 theme Sonication 402:411 arg1 pretreatment 413:424 Sonication pretreatment 402:424 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) 402:487 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 5 31 theme fraction 962:969 arg1 fermentation 919:930 further fermentation 911:930 further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction 911:969 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 32 theme Combined 790:797 arg1 sonication 799:808 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment 790:833 sonication 799:808 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 33 dep 56 1014:1015 arg1 to 1011:1012 to 1011:1012 to 1011:1012 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 2 34 theme highest 328:334 arg1 content 349:355 the highest carbohydrate content 324:355 the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% 324:364 C. mexicana showed the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% and was selected for further study. 26508325 5 35 theme protein 1044:1050 arg1 content 1052:1058 total protein content 1038:1058 total protein content 1038:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 0 36 theme enhanced 39:46 arg1 recovery/extraction 48:66 enhanced recovery/extraction 39:66 enhanced recovery/extraction of reducing sugars and proteins 39:98 Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for enhanced recovery/extraction of reducing sugars and proteins. 26508325 3 37 theme ± 674:674 arg1 -1 685:686 -1 685:686 -1 685:686 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 37 theme ± 674:674 arg1 g 683:683 280.5 ± 4.9 mg g 668:683 280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1) 668:687 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 4 38 dep TRS 749:751 arg1 yield 753:757 yield 753:757 yield 753:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 3 39 theme combined 577:584 arg1 sonication 586:595 the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment 573:630 sonication 586:595 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 5 40 theme ± 855:855 arg1 % 847:847 7.3% 844:847 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight 844:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 40 theme ± 855:855 arg1 g 864:864 27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1) 850:868 27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1) 850:868 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 41 theme content 1052:1058 arg1 content 1000:1006 the soluble protein content 980:1006 the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content 980:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 41 theme content 1052:1058 arg1 g 1028:1028 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 1 42 theme batch 239:243 arg1 cultures 245:252 batch cultures 239:252 batch cultures 239:252 Microalgae species including Chlamydomonas mexicana, Micractinium reisseri, Scenedesmus obliquus and Tribonema aequale were cultivated in batch cultures, and their biochemical composition was determined. 26508325 0 43 theme microalgal 16:25 arg1 biomass 27:33 microalgal biomass 16:33 microalgal biomass 16:33 Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for enhanced recovery/extraction of reducing sugars and proteins. 26508325 5 44 theme further 911:917 arg1 fermentation 919:930 further fermentation 911:930 further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction 911:969 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 7 45 theme carbohydrates 1355:1367 arg1 recovery 1343:1350 the recovery 1339:1350 the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels 1339:1439 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 7 46 theme biomass 1323:1329 arg1 fermentation 1292:1303 subsequent fermentation 1281:1303 subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass 1281:1329 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 7 46 theme biomass 1323:1329 arg1 pretreatment 1264:1275 pretreatment 1264:1275 pretreatment 1264:1275 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 3 47 theme optimum 432:438 arg1 conditions 440:449 optimum conditions 432:449 optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) 432:487 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 7 48 theme microalgal 1312:1321 arg1 biomass 1323:1329 the microalgal biomass 1308:1329 the microalgal biomass 1308:1329 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 5 49 theme carbohydrate 949:960 arg1 fraction 962:969 the dissolved carbohydrate fraction 935:969 the dissolved carbohydrate fraction 935:969 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 3 50 theme sugars 534:539 arg1 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 50 theme sugars 534:539 arg1 g 510:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g 498:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight 498:564 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 51 dep fourfold 658:665 arg1 -1 685:686 -1 685:686 -1 685:686 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 51 dep fourfold 658:665 arg1 g 683:683 280.5 ± 4.9 mg g 668:683 280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1) 668:687 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 52 theme enzymatic 601:609 arg1 treatment 622:630 the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment 573:630 treatment 622:630 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 4 53 theme enzyme 712:717 arg1 substrate 723:731 enzyme [E]:substrate [S] 712:735 enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield 712:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 3 54 theme hydrolysis 611:620 arg1 treatment 622:630 the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment 573:630 treatment 622:630 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 55 theme cell 554:557 arg1 weight 559:564 dry cell weight 550:564 dry cell weight 550:564 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 2 56 theme % 364:364 arg1 content 349:355 the highest carbohydrate content 324:355 the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% 324:364 C. mexicana showed the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% and was selected for further study. 26508325 5 57 theme mg 861:862 arg1 % 847:847 7.3% 844:847 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight 844:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 57 theme mg 861:862 arg1 g 864:864 27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1) 850:868 27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1) 850:868 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 3 58 theme weight 559:564 arg1 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 58 theme weight 559:564 arg1 g 510:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g 498:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight 498:564 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 5 59 dep content 1000:1006 arg1 % 1016:1016 up to 56% 1008:1016 the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content 980:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 6 60 theme combined 1185:1192 arg1 sonication 1194:1203 the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment 1181:1235 sonication 1194:1203 Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that microalgae cells were significantly disrupted by the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment. 26508325 7 61 theme subsequent 1281:1290 arg1 fermentation 1292:1303 subsequent fermentation 1281:1303 subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass 1281:1329 This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels. 26508325 4 62 theme optimal 695:701 arg1 [1 763:764 [1]:[5] 763:769 [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5 763:787 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 4 62 theme optimal 695:701 arg1 ratio 703:707 The optimal ratio 691:707 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield 691:757 The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 °C and pH 5. 26508325 3 63 from kHz 458:460 arg1 °C 474:475 50 °C 471:475 50 °C for 15 min 471:486 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 64 theme ± 501:501 arg1 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 -1 512:513 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 3 64 theme ± 501:501 arg1 g 510:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g 498:510 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight 498:564 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 5 65 theme protein 992:998 arg1 content 1000:1006 the soluble protein content 980:1006 the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content 980:1058 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 65 theme protein 992:998 arg1 g 1028:1028 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 228.4 mg g(-1) 1019:1032 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 5 66 theme cell 894:897 arg1 weight 899:904 dry cell weight 890:904 dry cell weight 890:904 Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3% (27.1 ± 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56% (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. 26508325 3 67 theme dry 550:552 arg1 weight 559:564 dry cell weight 550:564 dry cell weight 550:564 Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 °C for 15 min) released 74 ± 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 ± 4.9 mg g(-1)). 26508325 2 68 theme further 387:393 arg1 study 395:399 further study 387:399 further study 387:399 C. mexicana showed the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6% and was selected for further study. 26508325 1 69 theme biochemical 265:275 arg1 composition 277:287 their biochemical composition 259:287 their biochemical composition 259:287 Microalgae species including Chlamydomonas mexicana, Micractinium reisseri, Scenedesmus obliquus and Tribonema aequale were cultivated in batch cultures, and their biochemical composition was determined. 28067353 1 0 theme materials 204:212 arg1 fabrication 168:178 fabrication 168:178 fabrication 168:178 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 1 0 theme materials 204:212 arg1 design 157:162 design 157:162 design 157:162 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 1 1 theme Biomimetic 78:87 arg1 mineralization 89:102 Biomimetic mineralization 78:102 Biomimetic mineralization 78:102 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 3 2 dep design 449:454 arg1 the 445:447 the 445:447 the 445:447 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 1 3 dep design 157:162 arg1 the 153:155 the 153:155 the 153:155 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 1 4 theme natural 113:119 arg1 processes 139:147 natural biomineralization processes 113:147 natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials 113:212 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 3 5 theme new 493:495 arg1 materials 535:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 1 6 theme biomineralization 121:137 arg1 processes 139:147 natural biomineralization processes 113:147 natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials 113:212 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 0 7 theme Biomimetic 0:9 arg1 mineralization 11:24 Biomimetic mineralization 0:24 Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks around polysaccharides 0:75 Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks around polysaccharides. 28067353 3 8 theme biomimetic 419:428 arg1 approaches 430:439 biomimetic approaches 419:439 biomimetic approaches 419:439 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 2 9 theme frameworks 345:354 arg1 crystallization 312:326 the biomimetic crystallization 297:326 the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks 297:354 Here, we report for the first time the use of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) for the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks. 28067353 3 10 theme composite 525:533 arg1 materials 535:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 3 11 theme approaches 430:439 arg1 diversity 406:414 diversity 406:414 diversity 406:414 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 3 11 theme approaches 430:439 arg1 potential 392:400 potential 392:400 potential 392:400 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 2 12 theme biomimetic 301:310 arg1 crystallization 312:326 the biomimetic crystallization 297:326 the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks 297:354 Here, we report for the first time the use of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) for the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks. 28067353 2 13 theme metal-organic 331:343 arg1 frameworks 345:354 metal-organic frameworks 331:354 metal-organic frameworks 331:354 Here, we report for the first time the use of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) for the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks. 28067353 3 14 theme materials 535:543 arg1 synthesis 457:465 synthesis 457:465 synthesis 457:465 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 3 14 theme materials 535:543 arg1 functionalization 472:488 functionalization 472:488 functionalization 472:488 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 3 14 theme materials 535:543 arg1 design 449:454 design 449:454 design 449:454 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 2 15 theme carbohydrates 261:273 arg1 use 254:256 the use 250:256 the use of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) for the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks 250:354 Here, we report for the first time the use of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) for the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks. 28067353 3 16 theme bio-metal-organic 497:513 arg1 materials 535:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 0 17 theme frameworks 43:52 arg1 mineralization 11:24 Biomimetic mineralization 0:24 Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks around polysaccharides 0:75 Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks around polysaccharides. 28067353 0 18 theme metal-organic 29:41 arg1 frameworks 43:52 metal-organic frameworks 29:52 metal-organic frameworks around polysaccharides 29:75 Biomimetic mineralization of metal-organic frameworks around polysaccharides. 28067353 3 19 theme framework 515:523 arg1 materials 535:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials 493:543 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 3 20 dep potential 392:400 arg1 the 388:390 the 388:390 the 388:390 This discovery greatly expands the potential and diversity of biomimetic approaches for the design, synthesis, and functionalization of new bio-metal-organic framework composite materials. 28067353 2 21 theme first 239:243 arg1 time 245:248 the first time 235:248 the first time 235:248 Here, we report for the first time the use of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) for the biomimetic crystallization of metal-organic frameworks. 28067353 1 22 theme synthetic 183:191 arg1 materials 204:212 synthetic functional materials 183:212 synthetic functional materials 183:212 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 28067353 1 23 theme functional 193:202 arg1 materials 204:212 synthetic functional materials 183:212 synthetic functional materials 183:212 Biomimetic mineralization exploits natural biomineralization processes for the design and fabrication of synthetic functional materials. 29124565 0 0 theme bioactive 86:94 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 0:105 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 0 theme bioactive 86:94 arg1 potential 96:104 bioactive potential 86:104 bioactive potential 86:104 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 5 1 dep sulfate 654:660 arg1 CS 663:664 CS 663:664 CS 663:664 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 10 2 contain have 1422:1425 arg1 CS 1384:1385 CS 1384:1385 CS 1384:1385 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 10 2 contain have 1422:1425 arg2 activity 1453:1460 potential pharmacological activity 1427:1460 potential pharmacological activity 1427:1460 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 5 3 contain having 667:672 arg2 weight 686:691 a molecular weight 674:691 a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa 674:704 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 5 3 contain having 667:672 arg1 CS 663:664 CS 663:664 CS 663:664 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 1 4 theme gas-filled 147:156 arg1 bladder 116:122 The swim bladder 107:122 The swim bladder of fish 107:130 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 1 4 theme gas-filled 147:156 arg1 organ 158:162 an internal gas-filled organ 135:162 an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth 135:224 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 7 5 theme CS-type 1079:1085 arg1 B 1087:1087 CS-type B 1079:1087 CS-type B 1079:1087 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 10 6 from GAG 1401:1403 arg1 maw 1413:1415 fish maw 1408:1415 fish maw 1408:1415 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 7 7 from present 1094:1100 arg1 ratio 1107:1111 a ratio 1105:1111 a ratio of 1.4:1 1105:1120 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 2 8 theme traditional 309:319 arg1 medicines 321:329 traditional medicines 309:329 traditional medicines 309:329 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 8 theme traditional 309:319 arg1 maws 232:235 Fish maws 227:235 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) 227:269 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 8 theme traditional 309:319 arg1 food 363:366 a luxurious gourmet food 343:366 a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia 343:394 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 8 theme traditional 309:319 arg1 tonics 332:337 tonics 332:337 tonics 332:337 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 7 9 theme CS-type 1063:1069 arg1 A/C 1071:1073 CS-type A/C 1063:1073 CS-type A/C 1063:1073 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 6 10 theme Chondroitinase 793:806 arg1 digestion 808:816 Chondroitinase digestion 793:816 Chondroitinase digestion 793:816 Chondroitinase digestion showed that the major CS GAG was composed of ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S (59.7%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4,6S (36.5%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc6S (2.2%) and ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc (1.6%) disaccharide units. 29124565 2 11 theme fish 265:268 arg1 bladders 253:260 the dried swim bladders 238:260 the dried swim bladders of fish 238:268 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 4 12 theme total 553:557 arg1 GAG 578:580 GAG 578:580 GAG 578:580 In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. 29124565 4 12 theme total 553:557 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 559:575 the total glycosaminoglycan 549:575 the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw 549:595 In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. 29124565 8 13 theme factor 1194:1199 arg1 FGF 1202:1204 fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 1176:1207 fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 1176:1207 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 3 14 theme tissue 519:524 arg1 material 502:509 this important functional material 476:509 this important functional material of fish tissue 476:524 Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. 29124565 7 15 theme 1.4:1 1116:1120 arg1 ratio 1107:1111 a ratio 1105:1111 a ratio of 1.4:1 1105:1120 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 5 16 theme molecular 676:684 arg1 weight 686:691 a molecular weight 674:691 a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa 674:704 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 9 17 theme FGF-signal 1303:1312 arg1 pathway 1314:1320 FGF-signal pathway 1303:1320 FGF-signal pathway 1303:1320 These results suggest that this CS may be involved in FGF-signal pathway, mediating tissue repair, regeneration and wound healing. 29124565 7 18 from ratio 1107:1111 arg1 present 1094:1100 present 1094:1100 present 1094:1100 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 19 with analysis 1002:1009 arg1 chondroitinases 1041:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 10 20 theme pharmacological 1437:1451 arg1 activity 1453:1460 potential pharmacological activity 1427:1460 potential pharmacological activity 1427:1460 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 2 21 theme gourmet 355:361 arg1 medicines 321:329 traditional medicines 309:329 traditional medicines 309:329 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 21 theme gourmet 355:361 arg1 food 363:366 a luxurious gourmet food 343:366 a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia 343:394 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 7 22 theme 1H-NMR 995:1000 arg1 analysis 1002:1009 1H-NMR analysis 995:1009 1H-NMR analysis 995:1009 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 9 23 theme tissue 1333:1338 arg1 repair 1340:1345 tissue repair 1333:1345 tissue repair 1333:1345 These results suggest that this CS may be involved in FGF-signal pathway, mediating tissue repair, regeneration and wound healing. 29124565 2 24 theme swim 248:251 arg1 bladders 253:260 the dried swim bladders 238:260 the dried swim bladders of fish 238:268 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 25 theme luxurious 345:353 arg1 medicines 321:329 traditional medicines 309:329 traditional medicines 309:329 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 25 theme luxurious 345:353 arg1 food 363:366 a luxurious gourmet food 343:366 a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia 343:394 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 7 26 theme specific 1032:1039 arg1 chondroitinases 1041:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 0 27 from bladder 34:40 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 0:105 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 27 from bladder 34:40 arg1 isolation 43:51 isolation 43:51 isolation 43:51 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 27 from bladder 34:40 arg1 characterization 65:80 structural characterization 54:80 structural characterization 54:80 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 27 from bladder 34:40 arg1 potential 96:104 bioactive potential 86:104 bioactive potential 86:104 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 7 28 with degradation 1015:1025 arg1 chondroitinases 1041:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 10 29 theme major 1395:1399 arg1 GAG 1401:1403 the major GAG 1391:1403 the major GAG in fish maw 1391:1415 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 10 30 theme potential 1427:1435 arg1 activity 1453:1460 potential pharmacological activity 1427:1460 potential pharmacological activity 1427:1460 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 10 31 theme fish 1408:1411 arg1 maw 1413:1415 fish maw 1408:1415 fish maw 1408:1415 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 2 32 from tonics 332:337 arg1 China 371:375 China 371:375 China 371:375 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 32 from tonics 332:337 arg1 Asia 391:394 Asia 391:394 Asia 391:394 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 5 33 theme total 768:772 arg1 GAG 774:776 the total GAG 764:776 the total GAG 764:776 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 0 34 theme swim 29:32 arg1 bladder 34:40 fish swim bladder 24:40 fish swim bladder 24:40 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 7 35 with B 1087:1087 arg1 chondroitinases 1041:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 8 36 theme fibroblast 1176:1185 arg1 FGF 1202:1204 fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 1176:1207 fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 1176:1207 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 2 37 dep maws 232:235 arg1 bladders 253:260 the dried swim bladders 238:260 the dried swim bladders of fish 238:268 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 4 38 theme fish 588:591 arg1 maw 593:595 fish maw 588:595 fish maw 588:595 In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. 29124565 0 39 theme fish 24:27 arg1 bladder 34:40 fish swim bladder 24:40 fish swim bladder 24:40 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 4 40 theme present 534:540 arg1 study 542:546 the present study 530:546 the present study 530:546 In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. 29124565 1 41 theme swim 111:114 arg1 bladder 116:122 The swim bladder 107:122 The swim bladder of fish 107:130 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 1 41 theme swim 111:114 arg1 organ 158:162 an internal gas-filled organ 135:162 an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth 135:224 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 4 42 from maw 593:595 arg1 GAG 578:580 GAG 578:580 GAG 578:580 In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. 29124565 4 42 from maw 593:595 arg1 glycosaminoglycan 559:575 the total glycosaminoglycan 549:575 the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw 549:595 In the present study, the total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from fish maw was characterized. 29124565 5 43 theme heparan 711:717 arg1 HS 728:729 HS 728:729 HS 728:729 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 5 43 theme heparan 711:717 arg1 sulfate 719:725 heparan sulfate 711:725 heparan sulfate (HS) 711:730 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 6 44 theme disaccharide 975:986 arg1 units 988:992 disaccharide units 975:992 disaccharide units 975:992 Chondroitinase digestion showed that the major CS GAG was composed of ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S (59.7%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4,6S (36.5%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc6S (2.2%) and ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc (1.6%) disaccharide units. 29124565 2 45 theme Fish 227:230 arg1 medicines 321:329 traditional medicines 309:329 traditional medicines 309:329 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 45 theme Fish 227:230 arg1 maws 232:235 Fish maws 227:235 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) 227:269 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 10 46 theme wound 1478:1482 arg1 healing 1484:1490 wound healing 1478:1490 wound healing 1478:1490 The CS, as the major GAG in fish maw, may have potential pharmacological activity in accelerating wound healing. 29124565 8 47 theme CS 1222:1223 arg1 KD = 136 nM 1235:1245 KD = 136 nM 1235:1245 KD = 136 nM 1235:1245 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 8 47 theme CS 1222:1223 arg1 fraction 1225:1232 the CS fraction 1218:1232 the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM) 1218:1246 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 8 48 theme plasmon 1146:1152 arg1 resonance 1154:1162 surface plasmon resonance 1138:1162 surface plasmon resonance 1138:1162 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 5 49 theme GAG 774:776 arg1 GAG 774:776 the total GAG 764:776 the total GAG 764:776 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 5 49 theme GAG 774:776 arg1 % 752:752 95% 750:752 95% 750:752 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 5 49 theme GAG 774:776 arg1 % 759:759 5% 758:759 5% of the total GAG 758:776 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 5 50 theme 18-40 kDa 696:704 arg1 weight 686:691 a molecular weight 674:691 a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa 674:704 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 8 51 theme surface 1138:1144 arg1 resonance 1154:1162 surface plasmon resonance 1138:1162 surface plasmon resonance 1138:1162 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 7 52 attach present 1094:1100 arg1 ratio 1107:1111 a ratio 1105:1111 a ratio of 1.4:1 1105:1120 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 52 attach present 1094:1100 arg2 A/C 1071:1073 CS-type A/C 1063:1073 CS-type A/C 1063:1073 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 52 attach present 1094:1100 arg2 degradation 1015:1025 degradation 1015:1025 degradation 1015:1025 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 52 attach present 1094:1100 arg2 analysis 1002:1009 1H-NMR analysis 995:1009 1H-NMR analysis 995:1009 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 6 53 theme major 834:838 arg1 GAG 843:845 the major CS GAG 830:845 the major CS GAG 830:845 Chondroitinase digestion showed that the major CS GAG was composed of ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S (59.7%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4,6S (36.5%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc6S (2.2%) and ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc (1.6%) disaccharide units. 29124565 3 54 theme structural 423:432 arg1 information 434:444 the structural information 419:444 the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue 419:524 Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. 29124565 7 55 with A/C 1071:1073 arg1 chondroitinases 1041:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 specific chondroitinases 1032:1055 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 3 56 theme polysaccharides 449:463 arg1 information 434:444 the structural information 419:444 the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue 419:524 Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. 29124565 2 57 theme dried 242:246 arg1 bladders 253:260 the dried swim bladders 238:260 the dried swim bladders of fish 238:268 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 1 58 theme fish 127:130 arg1 bladder 116:122 The swim bladder 107:122 The swim bladder of fish 107:130 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 1 58 theme fish 127:130 arg1 organ 158:162 an internal gas-filled organ 135:162 an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth 135:224 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 1 59 theme swimming 211:218 arg1 depth 220:224 swimming depth 211:224 swimming depth 211:224 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 5 60 theme chondroitin 642:652 arg1 sulfate 654:660 chondroitin sulfate 642:660 chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) 642:705 Two GAGs were identified, chondroitin sulfate (CS, having a molecular weight of 18-40 kDa) and heparan sulfate (HS), corresponding to 95% and 5% of the total GAG, respectively. 29124565 6 61 dep ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S 863:880 arg1 units 988:992 disaccharide units 975:992 disaccharide units 975:992 Chondroitinase digestion showed that the major CS GAG was composed of ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S (59.7%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4,6S (36.5%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc6S (2.2%) and ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc (1.6%) disaccharide units. 29124565 3 62 theme fish 514:517 arg1 tissue 519:524 fish tissue 514:524 fish tissue 514:524 Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. 29124565 3 63 theme functional 491:500 arg1 material 502:509 this important functional material 476:509 this important functional material of fish tissue 476:524 Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. 29124565 8 64 theme growth 1187:1192 arg1 FGF 1202:1204 fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 1176:1207 fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 1176:1207 Analysis using surface plasmon resonance showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 bound to the CS fraction (KD = 136 nM). 29124565 2 65 theme many 291:294 arg1 centuries 296:304 many centuries 291:304 many centuries 291:304 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 7 66 located present 1094:1100 arg1 ratio 1107:1111 a ratio 1105:1111 a ratio of 1.4:1 1105:1120 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 66 located present 1094:1100 arg2 A/C 1071:1073 CS-type A/C 1063:1073 CS-type A/C 1063:1073 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 66 located present 1094:1100 arg2 degradation 1015:1025 degradation 1015:1025 degradation 1015:1025 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 7 66 located present 1094:1100 arg2 analysis 1002:1009 1H-NMR analysis 995:1009 1H-NMR analysis 995:1009 1H-NMR analysis and degradation with specific chondroitinases, both CS-type A/C and CS-type B were present in a ratio of 1.4:1. 29124565 2 67 from food 363:366 arg1 China 371:375 China 371:375 China 371:375 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 67 from food 363:366 arg1 Asia 391:394 Asia 391:394 Asia 391:394 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 3 68 theme important 481:489 arg1 material 502:509 this important functional material 476:509 this important functional material of fish tissue 476:524 Little is known about the structural information of polysaccharides comprising this important functional material of fish tissue. 29124565 2 69 used used 281:284 arg2 medicines 321:329 traditional medicines 309:329 traditional medicines 309:329 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 2 69 used used 281:284 arg2 maws 232:235 Fish maws 227:235 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) 227:269 Fish maws (the dried swim bladders of fish) have been used over many centuries as traditional medicines, tonics and a luxurious gourmet food in China and Southeast Asia. 29124565 9 70 theme wound 1365:1369 arg1 healing 1371:1377 wound healing 1365:1377 wound healing 1365:1377 These results suggest that this CS may be involved in FGF-signal pathway, mediating tissue repair, regeneration and wound healing. 29124565 0 71 theme structural 54:63 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 0:105 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 71 theme structural 54:63 arg1 characterization 65:80 structural characterization 54:80 structural characterization 54:80 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 72 dep Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 0:105 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 72 dep Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 arg1 isolation 43:51 isolation 43:51 isolation 43:51 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 72 dep Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 arg1 characterization 65:80 structural characterization 54:80 structural characterization 54:80 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 0 72 dep Glycosaminoglycans 0:17 arg1 potential 96:104 bioactive potential 86:104 bioactive potential 86:104 Glycosaminoglycans from fish swim bladder: isolation, structural characterization and bioactive potential. 29124565 1 73 theme internal 138:145 arg1 bladder 116:122 The swim bladder 107:122 The swim bladder of fish 107:130 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 1 73 theme internal 138:145 arg1 organ 158:162 an internal gas-filled organ 135:162 an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth 135:224 The swim bladder of fish is an internal gas-filled organ that allows fish to control their buoyancy and swimming depth. 29124565 6 74 theme CS 840:841 arg1 GAG 843:845 the major CS GAG 830:845 the major CS GAG 830:845 Chondroitinase digestion showed that the major CS GAG was composed of ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4S (59.7%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc4,6S (36.5%), ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc6S (2.2%) and ΔUA-1 → 3-GalNAc (1.6%) disaccharide units. 24480566 4 0 theme related 573:579 arg1 illnesses 581:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 16 1 dep the 2086:2088 arg1 leaves 2090:2095 leaves 2090:2095 leaves 2090:2095 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 6 2 theme frutescens 797:806 arg1 METHODS 766:772 METHODS 766:772 METHODS 766:772 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 6 2 theme frutescens 797:806 arg1 MATERIALS 752:760 MATERIALS 752:760 MATERIALS 752:760 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 9 3 theme enzyme 1170:1175 arg1 pectinase 1177:1185 the enzyme pectinase 1166:1185 the enzyme pectinase 1166:1185 Some of the fractions were treated with the enzyme pectinase, and the fragments thus produced were separated by gel filtration and their activities tested. 24480566 13 4 theme highest 1607:1613 arg1 W 1617:1617 W 1617:1617 W 1617:1617 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 13 4 theme highest 1607:1613 arg1 M 1615:1615 the highest M 1603:1615 the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment 1603:1648 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 11 5 theme frutescens 1410:1419 arg1 RESULTS 1375:1381 RESULTS The leaves 1375:1392 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens 1375:1419 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 17 6 theme complement 2272:2281 arg1 system 2283:2288 the complement system 2268:2288 the complement system 2268:2288 It was also shown that certain types of polysaccharides had a higher effect in the complement system than others. 24480566 11 7 dep RESULTS 1375:1381 arg1 leaves 1387:1392 leaves 1387:1392 leaves 1387:1392 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 11 7 dep RESULTS 1375:1381 arg1 The 1383:1385 The 1383:1385 The 1383:1385 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 5 8 used used 689:692 arg2 plant 669:673 the plant 665:673 the plant 665:673 Recently the plant has also been used amongst HIV/AIDS patients to stimulate the immune system. 24480566 18 9 contain contain 2357:2363 arg2 polysaccharides 2397:2411 interesting biologically active polysaccharides 2365:2411 interesting biologically active polysaccharides 2365:2411 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C contain interesting biologically active polysaccharides. 24480566 18 9 contain contain 2357:2363 arg1 extracts 2323:2330 Thus both the water extracts 2303:2330 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C 2303:2355 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C contain interesting biologically active polysaccharides. 24480566 4 10 theme name 627:630 arg1 cancerbush 643:652 cancerbush 643:652 cancerbush 643:652 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 4 10 theme name 627:630 arg1 kankerbos 632:640 the local name kankerbos 617:640 the local name kankerbos (cancerbush) 617:653 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 4 11 from " 554:554 arg1 illnesses 581:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 7 12 theme gel 994:996 arg1 filtration 998:1007 gel filtration 994:1007 gel filtration 994:1007 The polysaccharides were extracted with water and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to obtain enriched polysaccharide fractions. 24480566 7 13 theme polysaccharide 1028:1041 arg1 fractions 1043:1051 enriched polysaccharide fractions 1019:1051 enriched polysaccharide fractions 1019:1051 The polysaccharides were extracted with water and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to obtain enriched polysaccharide fractions. 24480566 1 14 theme Sutherlandia 163:174 arg1 frutescens 176:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens 132:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn 132:190 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn. 24480566 7 15 theme ion 962:964 arg1 chromatography 975:988 ion exchange chromatography 962:988 ion exchange chromatography 962:988 The polysaccharides were extracted with water and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to obtain enriched polysaccharide fractions. 24480566 3 16 theme several 367:373 arg1 illnesses 375:383 several illnesses 367:383 several illnesses involving the immune system 367:411 Amongst the various traditional uses, several illnesses involving the immune system have been reported. 24480566 15 17 from rich 1963:1966 arg1 xylose 1971:1976 xylose 1971:1976 xylose 1971:1976 Fragments rich in xylose also gave higher activity than those without it. 24480566 4 18 dep traditional 501:511 arg1 uses 513:516 uses 513:516 uses 513:516 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 15 19 from xylose 1971:1976 arg1 rich 1963:1966 rich 1963:1966 rich 1963:1966 Fragments rich in xylose also gave higher activity than those without it. 24480566 4 20 dep " 543:543 arg1 people 556:561 people 556:561 people 556:561 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 3 21 theme immune 399:404 arg1 system 406:411 the immune system 395:411 the immune system 395:411 Amongst the various traditional uses, several illnesses involving the immune system have been reported. 24480566 13 22 theme parent 1704:1709 arg1 molecules 1711:1719 the parent molecules 1700:1719 the parent molecules 1700:1719 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 1 23 dep frutescens 176:185 arg1 syn 188:190 syn 188:190 syn 188:190 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn. 24480566 5 24 theme HIV/AIDS 702:709 arg1 patients 711:718 HIV/AIDS patients 702:718 HIV/AIDS patients 702:718 Recently the plant has also been used amongst HIV/AIDS patients to stimulate the immune system. 24480566 2 25 theme view 323:326 arg1 point 314:318 the ethnobotanical point 295:318 the ethnobotanical point of view 295:326 Lessertia frutescens) is an indigenous plant in Southern Africa and has been extensively studied from the ethnobotanical point of view. 24480566 17 26 theme polysaccharides 2229:2243 arg1 types 2220:2224 certain types 2212:2224 certain types of polysaccharides 2212:2243 It was also shown that certain types of polysaccharides had a higher effect in the complement system than others. 24480566 11 27 theme type 1459:1462 arg1 polysaccharides 1429:1443 polysaccharides 1429:1443 polysaccharides of the pectin type 1429:1462 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 0 28 from frutescens 48:57 arg1 relationship 118:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 28 from frutescens 48:57 arg1 characterization 78:93 characterization 78:93 characterization 78:93 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 28 from frutescens 48:57 arg1 polysaccharides 17:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides 0:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 0:130 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 28 from frutescens 48:57 arg1 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 13 29 theme biological 1677:1686 arg1 effect 1688:1693 a substantially higher biological effect 1654:1693 a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules 1654:1719 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 0 30 theme Immunomodulating 0:15 arg1 relationship 118:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 30 theme Immunomodulating 0:15 arg1 characterization 78:93 characterization 78:93 characterization 78:93 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 30 theme Immunomodulating 0:15 arg1 polysaccharides 17:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides 0:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 0:130 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 30 theme Immunomodulating 0:15 arg1 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 6 31 theme 50 850:851 arg1 % 852:852 % 852:852 % 852:852 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 4 32 theme nama 550:553 arg1 " 554:554 "nama" 549:554 "nama" 549:554 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 13 33 theme pectinase 1630:1638 arg1 treatment 1640:1648 the pectinase treatment 1626:1648 the pectinase treatment 1626:1648 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 14 34 theme galactose-rich 1793:1806 arg1 regions 1808:1814 galactose-rich regions 1793:1814 galactose-rich regions 1793:1814 Based on a comparison of the different fractions it was concluded that galactose-rich regions were important for the bioactivity, these being of the AGII and AGI type, with the latter probably being more important than the former. 24480566 6 35 theme % 852:852 arg1 ethanol/water 854:866 50% ethanol/water 850:866 50% ethanol/water 850:866 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 1 36 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 132:151 arg1 frutescens 176:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens 132:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn 132:190 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn. 24480566 10 37 theme Monosaccharide 1282:1295 arg1 compositions 1297:1308 Monosaccharide compositions 1282:1308 Monosaccharide compositions 1282:1308 Monosaccharide compositions and linkage analyses were determined for the relevant fractions. 24480566 8 38 theme fractions 1079:1087 arg1 bioactivities 1058:1070 The bioactivities 1054:1070 The bioactivities of the fractions 1054:1087 The bioactivities of the fractions were tested in the complement assay. 24480566 3 39 dep traditional 349:359 arg1 uses 361:364 uses 361:364 uses 361:364 Amongst the various traditional uses, several illnesses involving the immune system have been reported. 24480566 4 40 theme san 540:542 arg1 " 543:543 the "khoi san" 530:543 the "khoi san" 530:543 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 15 41 theme rich 1963:1966 arg1 Fragments 1953:1961 Fragments 1953:1961 Fragments rich in xylose 1953:1976 Fragments rich in xylose also gave higher activity than those without it. 24480566 12 42 theme water 1489:1493 arg1 extracts 1495:1502 the water extracts 1485:1502 the water extracts of 50 1485:1508 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C were bioactive. 24480566 0 43 dep frutescens 48:57 arg1 leaves 59:64 leaves 59:64 leaves 59:64 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 14 44 theme different 1751:1759 arg1 fractions 1761:1769 the different fractions 1747:1769 the different fractions 1747:1769 Based on a comparison of the different fractions it was concluded that galactose-rich regions were important for the bioactivity, these being of the AGII and AGI type, with the latter probably being more important than the former. 24480566 6 45 from 50 882:883 arg1 ethanol/water 854:866 50% ethanol/water 850:866 50% ethanol/water 850:866 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 6 45 from 50 882:883 arg1 water 873:877 water 873:877 water 873:877 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 6 45 from 50 882:883 arg1 ethanol 841:847 ethanol 841:847 ethanol 841:847 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 14 46 theme fractions 1761:1769 arg1 comparison 1733:1742 a comparison 1731:1742 a comparison of the different fractions 1731:1769 Based on a comparison of the different fractions it was concluded that galactose-rich regions were important for the bioactivity, these being of the AGII and AGI type, with the latter probably being more important than the former. 24480566 6 47 from 100°C 889:893 arg1 ethanol/water 854:866 50% ethanol/water 850:866 50% ethanol/water 850:866 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 6 47 from 100°C 889:893 arg1 water 873:877 water 873:877 water 873:877 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 6 47 from 100°C 889:893 arg1 ethanol 841:847 ethanol 841:847 ethanol 841:847 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 5 48 theme immune 737:742 arg1 system 744:749 the immune system 733:749 the immune system 733:749 Recently the plant has also been used amongst HIV/AIDS patients to stimulate the immune system. 24480566 4 49 theme cancer 566:571 arg1 illnesses 581:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 6 50 theme Sutherlandia 784:795 arg1 frutescens 797:806 Sutherlandia frutescens 784:806 Sutherlandia frutescens 784:806 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 2 51 from plant 232:236 arg1 Africa 250:255 Africa 250:255 Africa 250:255 Lessertia frutescens) is an indigenous plant in Southern Africa and has been extensively studied from the ethnobotanical point of view. 24480566 6 52 dep MATERIALS 752:760 arg1 Leaves 774:779 Leaves 774:779 Leaves 774:779 MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens were extracted sequentially with ethanol, 50% ethanol/water, and water at 50 and 100°C. 24480566 11 53 contain contain 1421:1427 arg2 polysaccharides 1429:1443 polysaccharides 1429:1443 polysaccharides of the pectin type 1429:1462 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 11 53 contain contain 1421:1427 arg1 RESULTS 1375:1381 RESULTS The leaves 1375:1392 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens 1375:1419 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 13 54 contain had 1650:1652 arg1 fragment 1589:1596 the fragment 1585:1596 the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment 1585:1648 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 13 54 contain had 1650:1652 arg2 effect 1688:1693 a substantially higher biological effect 1654:1693 a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules 1654:1719 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 12 55 from 100°C 1514:1518 arg1 Fractions 1465:1473 Fractions 1465:1473 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C 1465:1518 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C were bioactive. 24480566 18 56 theme active 2390:2395 arg1 polysaccharides 2397:2411 interesting biologically active polysaccharides 2365:2411 interesting biologically active polysaccharides 2365:2411 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C contain interesting biologically active polysaccharides. 24480566 14 57 theme AGI 1880:1882 arg1 type 1884:1887 the AGII and AGI type 1867:1887 type 1884:1887 Based on a comparison of the different fractions it was concluded that galactose-rich regions were important for the bioactivity, these being of the AGII and AGI type, with the latter probably being more important than the former. 24480566 17 58 theme higher 2251:2256 arg1 effect 2258:2263 a higher effect 2249:2263 a higher effect 2249:2263 It was also shown that certain types of polysaccharides had a higher effect in the complement system than others. 24480566 18 59 theme interesting 2365:2375 arg1 polysaccharides 2397:2411 interesting biologically active polysaccharides 2365:2411 interesting biologically active polysaccharides 2365:2411 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C contain interesting biologically active polysaccharides. 24480566 14 60 theme AGII 1871:1874 arg1 type 1884:1887 the AGII and AGI type 1867:1887 type 1884:1887 Based on a comparison of the different fractions it was concluded that galactose-rich regions were important for the bioactivity, these being of the AGII and AGI type, with the latter probably being more important than the former. 24480566 12 61 from extracts 1495:1502 arg1 Fractions 1465:1473 Fractions 1465:1473 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C 1465:1518 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C were bioactive. 24480566 4 62 located observed 472:479 arg1 relation 485:492 relation 485:492 relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses 485:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 4 62 located observed 472:479 arg2 effects 464:470 the therapeutic effects 448:470 the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses 448:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 7 63 theme enriched 1019:1026 arg1 fractions 1043:1051 enriched polysaccharide fractions 1019:1051 enriched polysaccharide fractions 1019:1051 The polysaccharides were extracted with water and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to obtain enriched polysaccharide fractions. 24480566 1 64 theme RELEVANCE 153:161 arg1 frutescens 176:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens 132:185 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn 132:190 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sutherlandia frutescens (syn. 24480566 4 65 theme therapeutic 452:462 arg1 effects 464:470 the therapeutic effects 448:470 the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses 448:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 9 66 theme gel 1238:1240 arg1 filtration 1242:1251 gel filtration 1238:1251 gel filtration 1238:1251 Some of the fractions were treated with the enzyme pectinase, and the fragments thus produced were separated by gel filtration and their activities tested. 24480566 2 67 theme ethnobotanical 299:312 arg1 point 314:318 the ethnobotanical point 295:318 the ethnobotanical point of view 295:326 Lessertia frutescens) is an indigenous plant in Southern Africa and has been extensively studied from the ethnobotanical point of view. 24480566 7 68 theme exchange 966:973 arg1 chromatography 975:988 ion exchange chromatography 962:988 ion exchange chromatography 962:988 The polysaccharides were extracted with water and fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to obtain enriched polysaccharide fractions. 24480566 18 69 theme water 2317:2321 arg1 extracts 2323:2330 Thus both the water extracts 2303:2330 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C 2303:2355 Thus both the water extracts obtained at 50 and 100°C contain interesting biologically active polysaccharides. 24480566 17 70 contain had 2245:2247 arg1 types 2220:2224 certain types 2212:2224 certain types of polysaccharides 2212:2243 It was also shown that certain types of polysaccharides had a higher effect in the complement system than others. 24480566 17 70 contain had 2245:2247 arg2 effect 2258:2263 a higher effect 2249:2263 a higher effect 2249:2263 It was also shown that certain types of polysaccharides had a higher effect in the complement system than others. 24480566 0 71 theme activity 109:116 arg1 relationship 118:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 71 theme activity 109:116 arg1 polysaccharides 17:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides 0:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 0:130 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 72 theme structure 99:107 arg1 relationship 118:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 72 theme structure 99:107 arg1 polysaccharides 17:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides 0:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 0:130 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 4 73 theme khoi 535:538 arg1 " 543:543 the "khoi san" 530:543 the "khoi san" 530:543 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 11 74 theme pectin 1452:1457 arg1 type 1459:1462 the pectin type 1448:1462 the pectin type 1448:1462 RESULTS The leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens contain polysaccharides of the pectin type. 24480566 13 75 theme higher 1670:1675 arg1 effect 1688:1693 a substantially higher biological effect 1654:1693 a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules 1654:1719 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 13 76 with fragment 1589:1596 arg1 W 1617:1617 W 1617:1617 W 1617:1617 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 13 76 with fragment 1589:1596 arg1 M 1615:1615 the highest M 1603:1615 the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment 1603:1648 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 10 77 theme linkage 1314:1320 arg1 analyses 1322:1329 linkage analyses 1314:1329 linkage analyses 1314:1329 Monosaccharide compositions and linkage analyses were determined for the relevant fractions. 24480566 0 78 theme Lessertia 38:46 arg1 frutescens 48:57 Lessertia frutescens 38:57 Lessertia frutescens leaves 38:64 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 15 79 theme higher 1988:1993 arg1 activity 1995:2002 higher activity 1988:2002 higher activity 1988:2002 Fragments rich in xylose also gave higher activity than those without it. 24480566 2 80 theme indigenous 221:230 arg1 plant 232:236 an indigenous plant 218:236 an indigenous plant in Southern Africa 218:255 Lessertia frutescens) is an indigenous plant in Southern Africa and has been extensively studied from the ethnobotanical point of view. 24480566 2 80 theme indigenous 221:230 arg1 frutescens 203:212 Lessertia frutescens) 193:213 Lessertia frutescens) 193:213 Lessertia frutescens) is an indigenous plant in Southern Africa and has been extensively studied from the ethnobotanical point of view. 24480566 12 81 theme 50 1507:1508 arg1 extracts 1495:1502 the water extracts 1485:1502 the water extracts of 50 1485:1508 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C were bioactive. 24480566 12 81 theme 50 1507:1508 arg1 100°C 1514:1518 100°C 1514:1518 100°C 1514:1518 Fractions from both the water extracts of 50 and 100°C were bioactive. 24480566 4 82 from " 543:543 arg1 illnesses 581:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 cancer related illnesses 566:589 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 16 83 from the 2086:2088 arg1 present 2075:2081 present 2075:2081 present 2075:2081 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 16 84 theme present 2075:2081 arg1 polysaccharides 2059:2073 the polysaccharides 2055:2073 the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens 2055:2122 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 14 85 dep important 1821:1829 arg1 type 1884:1887 the AGII and AGI type 1867:1887 type 1884:1887 Based on a comparison of the different fractions it was concluded that galactose-rich regions were important for the bioactivity, these being of the AGII and AGI type, with the latter probably being more important than the former. 24480566 17 86 theme certain 2212:2218 arg1 types 2220:2224 certain types 2212:2224 certain types of polysaccharides 2212:2243 It was also shown that certain types of polysaccharides had a higher effect in the complement system than others. 24480566 16 87 from present 2075:2081 arg1 the 2086:2088 the 2086:2088 the 2086:2088 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 8 88 theme complement 1108:1117 arg1 assay 1119:1123 the complement assay 1104:1123 the complement assay 1104:1123 The bioactivities of the fractions were tested in the complement assay. 24480566 13 89 theme further 1557:1563 arg1 studies 1565:1571 further studies 1557:1571 further studies 1557:1571 Fractions chosen for further studies showed that the fragment with the highest M(W) after the pectinase treatment had a substantially higher biological effect than the parent molecules. 24480566 16 90 theme CONCLUSIONS 2027:2037 arg1 theory 2043:2048 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents 2027:2172 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents 2027:2172 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 4 91 theme local 621:625 arg1 cancerbush 643:652 cancerbush 643:652 cancerbush 643:652 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 4 91 theme local 621:625 arg1 kankerbos 632:640 the local name kankerbos 617:640 the local name kankerbos (cancerbush) 617:653 Due to some of the therapeutic effects observed, in relation to the traditional uses reported by the "khoi san" and "nama" people on cancer related illnesses, the plant has been given the local name kankerbos (cancerbush). 24480566 0 92 dep polysaccharides 17:31 arg1 relationship 118:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 structure activity relationship 99:129 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 92 dep polysaccharides 17:31 arg1 polysaccharides 17:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides 0:31 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 0:130 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 92 dep polysaccharides 17:31 arg1 characterization 78:93 characterization 78:93 characterization 78:93 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 0 92 dep polysaccharides 17:31 arg1 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 isolation 67:75 Immunomodulating polysaccharides from Lessertia frutescens leaves: isolation, characterization and structure activity relationship. 24480566 16 93 theme immunomodulating 2150:2165 arg1 agents 2167:2172 immunomodulating agents 2150:2172 immunomodulating agents 2150:2172 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 10 94 theme relevant 1355:1362 arg1 fractions 1364:1372 the relevant fractions 1351:1372 the relevant fractions 1351:1372 Monosaccharide compositions and linkage analyses were determined for the relevant fractions. 24480566 16 95 attach present 2075:2081 arg1 the 2086:2088 the 2086:2088 the 2086:2088 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 24480566 16 95 attach present 2075:2081 arg2 polysaccharides 2059:2073 the polysaccharides 2055:2073 the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens 2055:2122 CONCLUSIONS Our theory that the polysaccharides present in the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens could be of importance as immunomodulating agents was confirmed. 25367774 0 0 theme membrane 89:96 arg1 bioreactors 98:108 submerged membrane bioreactors 79:108 submerged membrane bioreactors 79:108 The correlation between biofilm biopolymer composition and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. 25367774 4 1 theme abundant 525:532 arg1 biopolymer 534:543 the most abundant biopolymer 516:543 the most abundant biopolymer in biofilms 516:555 Proteins were the most abundant biopolymer in biofilms and showed the fastest rate of increase. 25367774 4 1 theme abundant 525:532 arg1 Proteins 502:509 Proteins 502:509 Proteins 502:509 Proteins were the most abundant biopolymer in biofilms and showed the fastest rate of increase. 25367774 1 2 theme biopolymer 164:173 arg1 effect 136:141 the combined effect 123:141 the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation 123:186 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 1 2 theme biopolymer 164:173 arg1 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 0 3 theme submerged 79:87 arg1 bioreactors 98:108 submerged membrane bioreactors 79:108 submerged membrane bioreactors 79:108 The correlation between biofilm biopolymer composition and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. 25367774 0 4 from correlation 4:14 arg1 bioreactors 98:108 submerged membrane bioreactors 79:108 submerged membrane bioreactors 79:108 The correlation between biofilm biopolymer composition and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. 25367774 5 5 theme co-localization 627:641 arg1 analysis 643:650 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis 598:650 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components 598:679 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 6 theme biofilm 923:929 arg1 cells 931:935 the biofilm cells 919:935 the biofilm cells 919:935 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 4 7 from biopolymer 534:543 arg1 biofilms 548:555 biofilms 548:555 biofilms 548:555 Proteins were the most abundant biopolymer in biofilms and showed the fastest rate of increase. 25367774 7 8 theme performance 1274:1284 arg1 improvement 1255:1265 a significant improvement 1241:1265 a significant improvement of MBR performance 1241:1284 Therefore, strategies that control biofilm formation on membranes may result in a significant improvement of MBR performance. 25367774 5 9 theme biofilm 992:998 arg1 formation 1000:1008 biofilm formation 992:1008 biofilm formation 992:1008 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 10 theme EPS 880:882 arg1 components 884:893 the EPS components 876:893 the EPS components 876:893 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 11 theme biofouling 659:668 arg1 components 670:679 the biofouling components 655:679 the biofouling components 655:679 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 3 12 theme transmembrane 461:473 arg1 increase 484:491 the transmembrane pressure increase 457:491 the transmembrane pressure increase in MBRs 457:499 The biomass of each component was positively correlated with the transmembrane pressure increase in MBRs. 25367774 5 13 theme microbial 782:790 arg1 cells 792:796 the microbial cells 778:796 the microbial cells 778:796 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 7 14 from formation 1204:1212 arg1 membranes 1217:1225 membranes 1217:1225 membranes 1217:1225 Therefore, strategies that control biofilm formation on membranes may result in a significant improvement of MBR performance. 25367774 5 15 theme components 670:679 arg1 analysis 643:650 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis 598:650 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components 598:679 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 2 16 theme biofilm 277:283 arg1 beta-polysaccharides 320:339 beta-polysaccharides 320:339 beta-polysaccharides 320:339 Here, four biofilm components, alpha-polysaccharides, beta-polysaccharides, proteins and microorganisms, were quantified in MBRs. 25367774 2 16 theme biofilm 277:283 arg1 microorganisms 355:368 microorganisms 355:368 microorganisms 355:368 Here, four biofilm components, alpha-polysaccharides, beta-polysaccharides, proteins and microorganisms, were quantified in MBRs. 25367774 2 16 theme biofilm 277:283 arg1 alpha-polysaccharides 297:317 alpha-polysaccharides 297:317 alpha-polysaccharides 297:317 Here, four biofilm components, alpha-polysaccharides, beta-polysaccharides, proteins and microorganisms, were quantified in MBRs. 25367774 2 16 theme biofilm 277:283 arg1 components 285:294 four biofilm components 272:294 four biofilm components 272:294 Here, four biofilm components, alpha-polysaccharides, beta-polysaccharides, proteins and microorganisms, were quantified in MBRs. 25367774 2 16 theme biofilm 277:283 arg1 proteins 342:349 proteins 342:349 proteins 342:349 Here, four biofilm components, alpha-polysaccharides, beta-polysaccharides, proteins and microorganisms, were quantified in MBRs. 25367774 3 17 theme pressure 475:482 arg1 increase 484:491 the transmembrane pressure increase 457:491 the transmembrane pressure increase in MBRs 457:499 The biomass of each component was positively correlated with the transmembrane pressure increase in MBRs. 25367774 5 18 theme transmembrane 807:819 arg1 TMP 831:833 TMP 831:833 TMP 831:833 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 18 theme transmembrane 807:819 arg1 pressure 821:828 the transmembrane pressure 803:828 the transmembrane pressure (TMP) 803:834 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 7 19 theme significant 1243:1253 arg1 improvement 1255:1265 a significant improvement 1241:1265 a significant improvement of MBR performance 1241:1284 Therefore, strategies that control biofilm formation on membranes may result in a significant improvement of MBR performance. 25367774 5 20 theme spatial 602:608 arg1 distribution 610:621 The spatial distribution 598:621 The spatial distribution 598:621 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 21 theme distribution 610:621 arg1 analysis 643:650 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis 598:650 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components 598:679 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 0 22 theme biofilm 24:30 arg1 composition 43:53 biofilm biopolymer composition 24:53 biofilm biopolymer composition 24:53 The correlation between biofilm biopolymer composition and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. 25367774 1 23 dep microorganism 146:158 arg1 accumulation 175:186 accumulation 175:186 accumulation 175:186 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 1 24 theme process 215:221 arg1 efficiency 223:232 the process efficiency 211:232 the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) 211:263 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 7 25 theme biofilm 1196:1202 arg1 formation 1204:1212 biofilm formation 1196:1212 biofilm formation on membranes 1196:1225 Therefore, strategies that control biofilm formation on membranes may result in a significant improvement of MBR performance. 25367774 5 26 theme components 969:978 arg1 deposition 949:958 the deposition 945:958 the deposition of these components 945:978 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 6 27 theme EPS 1074:1076 arg1 formation 1040:1048 biofilm formation 1032:1048 biofilm formation 1032:1048 It is suggested that biofilm formation and the accumulation of EPS are intrinsically coupled, resulting in biofouling and loss of system performance. 25367774 6 27 theme EPS 1074:1076 arg1 accumulation 1058:1069 the accumulation 1054:1069 the accumulation of EPS 1054:1076 It is suggested that biofilm formation and the accumulation of EPS are intrinsically coupled, resulting in biofouling and loss of system performance. 25367774 4 28 theme increase 588:595 arg1 rate 580:583 the fastest rate 568:583 the fastest rate of increase 568:595 Proteins were the most abundant biopolymer in biofilms and showed the fastest rate of increase. 25367774 5 29 theme components 746:755 arg1 components 746:755 the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components 707:755 the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components 707:755 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 29 theme components 746:755 arg1 % 702:702 at least 60% 691:702 at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components 691:755 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 6 30 theme performance 1148:1158 arg1 loss 1133:1136 loss 1133:1136 loss 1133:1136 It is suggested that biofilm formation and the accumulation of EPS are intrinsically coupled, resulting in biofouling and loss of system performance. 25367774 6 30 theme performance 1148:1158 arg1 biofouling 1118:1127 biofouling 1118:1127 biofouling 1118:1127 It is suggested that biofilm formation and the accumulation of EPS are intrinsically coupled, resulting in biofouling and loss of system performance. 25367774 0 31 theme biopolymer 32:41 arg1 composition 43:53 biofilm biopolymer composition 24:53 biofilm biopolymer composition 24:53 The correlation between biofilm biopolymer composition and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. 25367774 5 32 theme jump 848:851 arg1 phase 853:857 the jump phase 844:857 the jump phase 844:857 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 3 33 from increase 484:491 arg1 MBRs 496:499 MBRs 496:499 MBRs 496:499 The biomass of each component was positively correlated with the transmembrane pressure increase in MBRs. 25367774 1 34 theme membrane 237:244 arg1 MBRs 259:262 MBRs 259:262 MBRs 259:262 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 1 34 theme membrane 237:244 arg1 bioreactors 246:256 membrane bioreactors 237:256 membrane bioreactors (MBRs) 237:263 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 0 35 theme membrane 59:66 arg1 fouling 68:74 membrane fouling 59:74 membrane fouling 59:74 The correlation between biofilm biopolymer composition and membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. 25367774 4 36 theme fastest 572:578 arg1 rate 580:583 the fastest rate 568:583 the fastest rate of increase 568:595 Proteins were the most abundant biopolymer in biofilms and showed the fastest rate of increase. 25367774 5 37 theme extracellular 711:723 arg1 polysaccharide 725:738 the extracellular polysaccharide 707:738 the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components 707:755 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 5 37 theme extracellular 711:723 arg1 EPS 741:743 EPS 741:743 EPS 741:743 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 1 38 theme combined 127:134 arg1 effect 136:141 the combined effect 123:141 the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation 123:186 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 1 38 theme combined 127:134 arg1 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 5 39 theme polysaccharide 725:738 arg1 components 746:755 the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components 707:755 the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components 707:755 The spatial distribution and co-localization analysis of the biofouling components indicated at least 60% of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) components were associated with the microbial cells when the transmembrane pressure (TMP) entered the jump phase, suggesting that the EPS components were either secreted by the biofilm cells or that the deposition of these components facilitated biofilm formation. 25367774 6 40 theme system 1141:1146 arg1 performance 1148:1158 system performance 1141:1158 system performance 1141:1158 It is suggested that biofilm formation and the accumulation of EPS are intrinsically coupled, resulting in biofouling and loss of system performance. 25367774 1 41 theme bioreactors 246:256 arg1 efficiency 223:232 the process efficiency 211:232 the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) 211:263 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 1 42 theme microorganism 146:158 arg1 effect 136:141 the combined effect 123:141 the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation 123:186 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 1 42 theme microorganism 146:158 arg1 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling 111:120 Biofouling, the combined effect of microorganism and biopolymer accumulation, significantly reduces the process efficiency of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). 25367774 3 43 theme component 416:424 arg1 biomass 400:406 The biomass 396:406 The biomass of each component 396:424 The biomass of each component was positively correlated with the transmembrane pressure increase in MBRs. 25367774 7 44 theme MBR 1270:1272 arg1 performance 1274:1284 MBR performance 1270:1284 MBR performance 1270:1284 Therefore, strategies that control biofilm formation on membranes may result in a significant improvement of MBR performance. 25367774 6 45 theme biofilm 1032:1038 arg1 formation 1040:1048 biofilm formation 1032:1048 biofilm formation 1032:1048 It is suggested that biofilm formation and the accumulation of EPS are intrinsically coupled, resulting in biofouling and loss of system performance. 28336277 0 0 theme nana 81:84 arg1 banana 68:73 banana 68:73 banana (Musa nana Lour.) 68:91 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 0 0 theme nana 81:84 arg1 Lour 86:89 Musa nana Lour. 76:90 Musa nana Lour. 76:90 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 6 1 theme pulp 517:520 arg1 ABPP 501:504 ABPP 501:504 ABPP 501:504 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 1 theme pulp 517:520 arg1 polysaccharide 485:498 A leading acidic polysaccharide 468:498 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp 468:520 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 3 2 theme chemical 192:199 arg1 critical 216:223 critical 216:223 critical 216:223 The chemical composition is critical for the organoleptic properties and health benefits. 28336277 3 2 theme chemical 192:199 arg1 composition 201:211 The chemical composition 188:211 The chemical composition 188:211 The chemical composition is critical for the organoleptic properties and health benefits. 28336277 4 3 theme leading 292:298 arg1 components 310:319 the leading bioactive components 288:319 the leading bioactive components in banana pulp 288:334 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 9 4 theme fruit-derived 872:884 arg1 acids 903:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 0 5 theme Musa 76:79 arg1 banana 68:73 banana 68:73 banana (Musa nana Lour.) 68:91 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 0 5 theme Musa 76:79 arg1 Lour 86:89 Musa nana Lour. 76:90 Musa nana Lour. 76:90 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 9 6 theme permeation 802:811 arg1 chromatography 813:826 gel permeation chromatography 798:826 gel permeation chromatography 798:826 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 10 7 dep identified 936:945 arg1 below 950:954 below 950:954 below 950:954 The precise structure was identified as below. 28336277 9 8 theme gel 798:800 arg1 chromatography 813:826 gel permeation chromatography 798:826 gel permeation chromatography 798:826 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 4 9 theme beneficial 379:388 arg1 effects 397:403 the beneficial health effects 375:403 the beneficial health effects 375:403 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 11 10 theme 5000-7000Da 1055:1065 arg1 fraction 1067:1074 5000-7000Da fraction 1055:1074 5000-7000Da fraction 1055:1074 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 6 11 theme nuclear 553:559 arg1 NMR 595:597 NMR 595:597 NMR 595:597 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 11 theme nuclear 553:559 arg1 spectroscopy 581:592 nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy 553:592 nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) 553:598 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 12 theme banana 510:515 arg1 pulp 517:520 banana pulp 510:520 banana pulp 510:520 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 0 13 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 characteristics 10:24 Structure characteristics 0:24 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 0:91 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 6 14 theme resonnance 570:579 arg1 NMR 595:597 NMR 595:597 NMR 595:597 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 14 theme resonnance 570:579 arg1 spectroscopy 581:592 nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy 553:592 nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) 553:598 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 15 theme magnetic 561:568 arg1 NMR 595:597 NMR 595:597 NMR 595:597 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 15 theme magnetic 561:568 arg1 spectroscopy 581:592 nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy 553:592 nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) 553:598 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 3 16 theme health 261:266 arg1 benefits 268:275 health benefits 261:275 health benefits 261:275 The chemical composition is critical for the organoleptic properties and health benefits. 28336277 2 17 theme important 155:163 arg1 fruits 165:170 the most important fruits 146:170 the most important fruits over the world 146:185 Banana is one of the most important fruits over the world. 28336277 11 18 theme fraction 1067:1074 arg1 accumulation 1039:1050 quick accumulation 1033:1050 quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction 1033:1074 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 11 18 theme fraction 1067:1074 arg1 production 991:1000 production 991:1000 production of oligogalacturonic acids 991:1027 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 10 19 theme precise 914:920 arg1 structure 922:930 The precise structure 910:930 The precise structure 910:930 The precise structure was identified as below. 28336277 0 20 theme polysaccharide 39:52 arg1 characteristics 10:24 Structure characteristics 0:24 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 0:91 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 8 21 theme branch 717:722 arg1 chains 724:729 No branch chains 714:729 No branch chains 714:729 No branch chains were detected. 28336277 3 22 theme organoleptic 233:244 arg1 properties 246:255 the organoleptic properties 229:255 the organoleptic properties 229:255 The chemical composition is critical for the organoleptic properties and health benefits. 28336277 9 23 theme molecular 750:758 arg1 8.9kDa 788:793 8.9kDa 788:793 8.9kDa 788:793 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 9 23 theme molecular 750:758 arg1 weight 760:765 The molecular weight 746:765 The molecular weight 746:765 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 6 24 theme chromatography-mass 608:626 arg1 spectrometry 628:639 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 604:639 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 604:647 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 24 theme chromatography-mass 608:626 arg1 GC-MS 642:646 GC-MS 642:646 GC-MS 642:646 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 0 25 theme acidic 32:37 arg1 polysaccharide 39:52 an acidic polysaccharide 29:52 an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 29:91 Structure characteristics of an acidic polysaccharide purified from banana (Musa nana Lour.) 28336277 11 26 theme oligogalacturonic 1005:1021 arg1 acids 1023:1027 oligogalacturonic acids 1005:1027 oligogalacturonic acids 1005:1027 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 9 27 theme polygalacturonic 886:901 arg1 acids 903:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 6 28 theme acidic 478:483 arg1 ABPP 501:504 ABPP 501:504 ABPP 501:504 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 28 theme acidic 478:483 arg1 polysaccharide 485:498 A leading acidic polysaccharide 468:498 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp 468:520 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 11 29 theme acids 1023:1027 arg1 accumulation 1039:1050 quick accumulation 1033:1050 quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction 1033:1074 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 11 29 theme acids 1023:1027 arg1 production 991:1000 production 991:1000 production of oligogalacturonic acids 991:1027 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 4 30 theme components 310:319 arg1 components 310:319 the leading bioactive components 288:319 the leading bioactive components in banana pulp 288:334 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 4 30 theme components 310:319 arg1 one 281:283 one 281:283 one 281:283 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 4 31 from components 310:319 arg1 pulp 331:334 banana pulp 324:334 banana pulp 324:334 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 4 32 theme health 390:395 arg1 effects 397:403 the beneficial health effects 375:403 the beneficial health effects 375:403 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 4 33 theme banana 324:329 arg1 pulp 331:334 banana pulp 324:334 banana pulp 324:334 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 1 34 theme enzymatic 106:114 arg1 degradation 116:126 its enzymatic degradation 102:126 its enzymatic degradation 102:126 pulp and its enzymatic degradation. 28336277 6 35 theme leading 470:476 arg1 ABPP 501:504 ABPP 501:504 ABPP 501:504 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 35 theme leading 470:476 arg1 polysaccharide 485:498 A leading acidic polysaccharide 468:498 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp 468:520 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 11 36 theme quick 1033:1037 arg1 accumulation 1039:1050 quick accumulation 1033:1050 quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction 1033:1074 Digestion by enzyme would lead to production of oligogalacturonic acids and quick accumulation of 5000-7000Da fraction. 28336277 5 37 theme precise 421:427 arg1 information 439:449 their precise structure information 415:449 their precise structure information 415:449 However, their precise structure information remains unknown. 28336277 2 38 theme fruits 165:170 arg1 fruits 165:170 the most important fruits 146:170 the most important fruits over the world 146:185 Banana is one of the most important fruits over the world. 28336277 2 38 theme fruits 165:170 arg1 one 139:141 one 139:141 one 139:141 Banana is one of the most important fruits over the world. 28336277 9 39 theme reported 863:870 arg1 acids 903:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 9 40 link fruit-derived 872:884 arg1 acids 903:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids 852:907 The molecular weight was determined to be 8.9kDa by gel permeation chromatography, which was smaller than previously reported fruit-derived polygalacturonic acids. 28336277 5 41 theme structure 429:437 arg1 information 439:449 their precise structure information 415:449 their precise structure information 415:449 However, their precise structure information remains unknown. 28336277 4 42 theme bioactive 300:308 arg1 components 310:319 the leading bioactive components 288:319 the leading bioactive components in banana pulp 288:334 As one of the leading bioactive components in banana pulp, the polysaccharides may contribute to the beneficial health effects. 28336277 6 43 theme gas 604:606 arg1 spectrometry 628:639 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 604:639 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 604:647 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 28336277 6 43 theme gas 604:606 arg1 GC-MS 642:646 GC-MS 642:646 GC-MS 642:646 A leading acidic polysaccharide (ABPP) of banana pulp was purified and identified by nuclear magnetic resonnance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27451197 1 0 theme tissue 152:157 arg1 softening 159:167 tissue softening 152:167 tissue softening of the roots 152:180 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 5 1 theme galactan 821:828 arg1 degradation 830:840 pectic galactan degradation 814:840 pectic galactan degradation 814:840 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 2 2 theme wall 335:338 arg1 pectins 340:346 cell wall pectins 330:346 cell wall pectins 330:346 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 5 3 theme products 1026:1033 arg1 properties 1004:1013 the texture properties 992:1013 the texture properties of cassava products 992:1033 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 3 4 theme chemical 560:567 arg1 analysis 569:576 chemical analysis 560:576 chemical analysis 560:576 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 2 5 theme pectins 340:346 arg1 degradation 315:325 the degradation 311:325 the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself 311:485 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 5 6 theme texture 996:1002 arg1 properties 1004:1013 the texture properties 992:1013 the texture properties of cassava products 992:1033 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 4 7 theme wall 703:706 arg1 1,4-β-d-galactan 668:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 4 7 theme wall 703:706 arg1 polysaccharide 708:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide 689:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots 689:766 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 4 8 theme main 693:696 arg1 1,4-β-d-galactan 668:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 4 8 theme main 693:696 arg1 polysaccharide 708:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide 689:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots 689:766 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 5 9 theme pectic 814:819 arg1 degradation 830:840 pectic galactan degradation 814:840 pectic galactan degradation 814:840 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 5 10 theme better 848:853 arg1 understanding 855:867 a better understanding 846:867 a better understanding of the degradation mechanism 846:896 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 2 11 theme pectin-methylesterase 370:390 arg1 action 360:365 the action 356:365 the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself 356:485 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 1 12 theme roots 176:180 arg1 softening 159:167 tissue softening 152:167 tissue softening of the roots 152:180 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 2 13 theme microbial 442:450 arg1 source 452:457 a microbial source 440:457 a microbial source 440:457 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 3 14 from Changes 488:494 arg1 composition 509:519 cell wall composition 499:519 cell wall composition 499:519 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 3 15 theme specific 579:586 arg1 degradation 598:608 specific glycanase degradation 579:608 specific glycanase degradation 579:608 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 4 16 theme cell 698:701 arg1 1,4-β-d-galactan 668:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 4 16 theme cell 698:701 arg1 polysaccharide 708:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide 689:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots 689:766 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 0 17 theme wall 21:24 arg1 polysaccharides 26:40 cell wall polysaccharides 16:40 cell wall polysaccharides 16:40 Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots. 27451197 1 18 theme important 89:97 arg1 Retting 75:81 Retting 75:81 Retting 75:81 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 1 18 theme important 89:97 arg1 step 99:102 an important step 86:102 an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products 86:242 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 4 19 theme Pectic 661:666 arg1 1,4-β-d-galactan 668:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan 661:683 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 4 19 theme Pectic 661:666 arg1 polysaccharide 708:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide 689:721 the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots 689:766 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 0 20 theme cell 16:19 arg1 polysaccharides 26:40 cell wall polysaccharides 16:40 cell wall polysaccharides 16:40 Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots. 27451197 3 21 theme wall 504:507 arg1 composition 509:519 cell wall composition 499:519 cell wall composition 499:519 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 5 22 theme degradation 876:886 arg1 mechanism 888:896 the degradation mechanism 872:896 the degradation mechanism 872:896 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 3 23 theme cell 499:502 arg1 composition 509:519 cell wall composition 499:519 cell wall composition 499:519 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 5 24 theme exogenous 936:944 arg1 enzymes 956:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 5 25 theme mechanism 888:896 arg1 degradation 830:840 pectic galactan degradation 814:840 pectic galactan degradation 814:840 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 5 25 theme mechanism 888:896 arg1 understanding 855:867 a better understanding 846:867 a better understanding of the degradation mechanism 846:896 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 0 26 theme polysaccharides 26:40 arg1 Modification 0:11 Modification 0:11 Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots. 0:73 Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots. 27451197 2 27 theme cassava 466:472 arg1 plant 474:478 the cassava plant 462:478 the cassava plant itself 462:485 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 5 28 theme understanding 855:867 arg1 control 803:809 better control 796:809 better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 796:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 2 29 theme pectate-lyase 396:408 arg1 action 360:365 the action 356:365 the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself 356:485 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 5 30 theme degradation 830:840 arg1 control 803:809 better control 796:809 better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 796:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 5 31 theme better 796:801 arg1 control 803:809 better control 796:809 better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 796:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 3 32 theme glycanase 588:596 arg1 degradation 598:608 specific glycanase degradation 579:608 specific glycanase degradation 579:608 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 2 33 theme cell 330:333 arg1 pectins 340:346 cell wall pectins 330:346 cell wall pectins 330:346 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 5 34 theme cassava 1018:1024 arg1 products 1026:1033 cassava products 1018:1033 cassava products 1018:1033 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 1 35 theme traditional 107:117 arg1 processing 127:136 traditional cassava processing 107:136 traditional cassava processing 107:136 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 3 36 theme wall 639:642 arg1 polysaccharides 644:658 cell wall polysaccharides 634:658 cell wall polysaccharides 634:658 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 2 37 theme tissue 249:254 arg1 softening 256:264 The tissue softening 245:264 The tissue softening that occurs during retting 245:291 The tissue softening that occurs during retting was attributed to the degradation of cell wall pectins through the action of pectin-methylesterase and pectate-lyase that possibly originated from a microbial source or the cassava plant itself. 27451197 1 38 theme cassava 119:125 arg1 processing 127:136 traditional cassava processing 107:136 traditional cassava processing 107:136 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 1 39 from step 99:102 arg1 processing 127:136 traditional cassava processing 107:136 traditional cassava processing 107:136 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 3 40 theme polysaccharides 644:658 arg1 analysis 569:576 chemical analysis 560:576 chemical analysis 560:576 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 3 40 theme polysaccharides 644:658 arg1 immuno-labelling 614:629 immuno-labelling 614:629 immuno-labelling 614:629 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 3 40 theme polysaccharides 644:658 arg1 degradation 598:608 specific glycanase degradation 579:608 specific glycanase degradation 579:608 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 5 41 theme endogenous 901:910 arg1 enzymes 956:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 4 42 theme cassava 754:760 arg1 roots 762:766 cassava roots 754:766 cassava roots 754:766 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 4 43 theme roots 762:766 arg1 retting 743:749 the retting 739:749 the retting of cassava roots 739:766 Pectic 1,4-β-d-galactan was the main cell wall polysaccharide affected during the retting of cassava roots. 27451197 0 44 theme roots 68:72 arg1 retting 49:55 retting 49:55 retting of cassava roots 49:72 Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots. 27451197 5 45 theme microbial 946:954 arg1 enzymes 956:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 5 46 theme endo-galactanase 912:927 arg1 enzymes 956:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes 901:962 This result suggested that better control of pectic galactan degradation and a better understanding of the degradation mechanism by endogenous endo-galactanase and/or exogenous microbial enzymes might contribute to improve the texture properties of cassava products. 27451197 1 47 theme various 222:228 arg1 products 235:242 various food products 222:242 various food products 222:242 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 27451197 0 48 theme cassava 60:66 arg1 roots 68:72 cassava roots 60:72 cassava roots 60:72 Modification of cell wall polysaccharides during retting of cassava roots. 27451197 3 49 theme cell 634:637 arg1 polysaccharides 644:658 cell wall polysaccharides 634:658 cell wall polysaccharides 634:658 Changes in cell wall composition were investigated during retting using chemical analysis, specific glycanase degradation and immuno-labelling of cell wall polysaccharides. 27451197 1 50 theme food 230:233 arg1 products 235:242 various food products 222:242 various food products 222:242 Retting is an important step in traditional cassava processing that involves tissue softening of the roots to transform the cassava into flour and various food products. 29082241 2 0 theme particular 405:414 arg1 focus 416:420 a particular focus 403:420 a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods 403:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 1 theme ash 794:796 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 2 theme protein 776:782 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 6 3 theme immature 1175:1182 arg1 stage 1198:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 1 4 theme immunomodulatory 203:218 arg1 compounds 220:228 immunomodulatory compounds 203:228 immunomodulatory compounds 203:228 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 3 5 theme total 597:601 arg1 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 5 theme total 597:601 arg1 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 6 6 theme N 1237:1237 arg1 values 1215:1220 higher values 1208:1220 higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%) 1208:1260 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 7 theme fat 812:814 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 7 8 theme immense 1439:1445 arg1 potential 1447:1455 immense potential 1439:1455 immense potential to be considered for a traceability process 1439:1499 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg1 pilei 706:710 The pilei 702:710 The pilei 702:710 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 9 contain contained 712:720 arg2 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 8 10 theme more 1572:1575 arg1 diversity 1585:1593 more product diversity 1572:1593 more product diversity 1572:1593 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 amount 566:571 a high amount 559:571 a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 559:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 11 theme high 561:564 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 8 12 theme mushroom 1694:1701 arg1 biomass 1703:1709 the mushroom biomass 1690:1709 the mushroom biomass 1690:1709 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 7 13 theme such 1413:1416 arg1 characteristics 1418:1432 such characteristics 1413:1432 such characteristics 1413:1432 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 5 14 contain had 997:999 arg2 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 14 contain had 997:999 arg1 Stipes 958:963 Stipes 958:963 Stipes with mature physiological stage 958:995 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 2 15 theme subrufescens 315:326 arg1 composition 297:307 the mycochemical composition 280:307 the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens 280:326 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 6 16 from mushrooms 1158:1166 arg1 stage 1198:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 amount 566:571 a high amount 559:571 a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 559:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 17 theme carbohydrate 636:647 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 1 18 theme subrufescens 161:172 arg1 Peck 174:177 Agaricus subrufescens Peck 152:177 Agaricus subrufescens Peck 152:177 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 1 18 theme subrufescens 161:172 arg1 basidiomycete 184:196 a basidiomycete 182:196 a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities 182:253 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 7 19 theme maturity 1403:1410 arg1 stage 1394:1398 their physiological stage 1374:1398 their physiological stage of maturity 1374:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 5 20 theme mature 970:975 arg1 stage 991:995 mature physiological stage 970:995 mature physiological stage 970:995 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 1 21 with basidiomycete 184:196 arg1 compounds 220:228 immunomodulatory compounds 203:228 immunomodulatory compounds 203:228 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 1 21 with basidiomycete 184:196 arg1 activities 244:253 antitumor activities 234:253 antitumor activities 234:253 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 22 theme moisture 739:746 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 5 23 theme total 1060:1064 arg1 carbohydrate 1066:1077 total carbohydrate 1060:1077 total carbohydrate (72.82%) 1060:1086 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 23 theme total 1060:1064 arg1 % 1085:1085 72.82% 1080:1085 72.82% 1080:1085 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 0 24 theme Maturity 114:121 arg1 Stage 105:109 Their Morphological and Physiological Stage 67:109 Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity 67:121 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 4 25 dep contained 712:720 arg1 9.77 g kg-1 944:954 9.77 g kg-1 944:954 9.77 g kg-1 944:954 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 26 theme acid 825:828 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 26 theme acid 825:828 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 26 theme acid 825:828 arg1 16.75 g kg-1 847:858 16.75 g kg-1 847:858 16.75 g kg-1 847:858 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 8 27 with consumer 1558:1565 arg1 diversity 1585:1593 more product diversity 1572:1593 more product diversity 1572:1593 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 2 28 theme traceability 446:457 arg1 process 459:465 a traceability process 444:465 a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods 444:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 2 29 theme products 506:513 arg1 formulation 475:485 the formulation 471:485 the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods 471:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 0 30 theme Mycochemical 0:11 arg1 Characterization 13:28 Mycochemical Characterization 0:28 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens 0:53 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 8 31 dep farmers 1647:1653 arg1 use 1683:1685 an efficient and profitable use 1655:1685 farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass 1647:1709 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 7 32 theme morphological 1331:1343 arg1 parts 1345:1349 the morphological parts 1327:1349 the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity 1327:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 2 33 theme new 490:492 arg1 products 506:513 new nutritional products 490:513 new nutritional products based on fungal foods 490:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 8 34 used used 1520:1523 arg2 study 1507:1511 This study 1502:1511 This study 1502:1511 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 5 35 theme matter 1022:1027 arg1 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 0 36 theme subrufescens 42:53 arg1 Characterization 13:28 Mycochemical Characterization 0:28 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens 0:53 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 8 37 theme biomass 1703:1709 arg1 use 1683:1685 an efficient and profitable use 1655:1685 farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass 1647:1709 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 4 38 theme detergent 870:878 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 38 theme detergent 870:878 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 5 39 theme higher 1001:1006 arg1 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 6 40 contain had 1204:1206 arg1 Pilei 1145:1149 Pilei 1145:1149 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage 1145:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 6 40 contain had 1204:1206 arg2 values 1215:1220 higher values 1208:1220 higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%) 1208:1260 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 amount 566:571 a high amount 559:571 a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 559:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 41 theme value 670:674 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 42 theme crude 1039:1043 arg1 fiber 1045:1049 crude fiber 1039:1049 crude fiber (5.94%) 1039:1057 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 42 theme crude 1039:1043 arg1 % 1056:1056 5.94% 1052:1056 5.94% 1052:1056 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 amount 566:571 a high amount 559:571 a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 559:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 43 theme matter 580:585 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 6 44 from stage 1198:1202 arg1 Pilei 1145:1149 Pilei 1145:1149 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage 1145:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 45 theme lignin 936:941 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 46 theme nitrogen 758:765 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 5 47 theme energy 1106:1111 arg1 value 1113:1117 energy value 1106:1117 energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1106:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 47 theme energy 1106:1111 arg1 100 g-1 DM 1132:1141 364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM 1120:1141 364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM 1120:1141 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 7 48 theme traceability 1480:1491 arg1 process 1493:1499 a traceability process 1478:1499 a traceability process 1478:1499 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 49 theme hemicellulose 902:914 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 6 50 theme higher 1208:1213 arg1 values 1215:1220 higher values 1208:1220 higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%) 1208:1260 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 3 51 theme 363.97 kcal 677:687 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 51 theme 363.97 kcal 677:687 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 2 52 theme morphological 347:359 arg1 stage 379:383 their morphological and physiological stage 341:383 their morphological and physiological stage of maturity 341:395 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 3 53 theme dry 576:578 arg1 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 53 theme dry 576:578 arg1 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 2 54 from focus 416:420 arg1 development 429:439 the development 425:439 the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods 425:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 7 55 theme mycochemical 1298:1309 arg1 compositions 1311:1322 the mycochemical compositions 1294:1322 the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity 1294:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 8 56 theme product 1577:1583 arg1 diversity 1585:1593 more product diversity 1572:1593 more product diversity 1572:1593 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 2 57 theme physiological 365:377 arg1 stage 379:383 their morphological and physiological stage 341:383 their morphological and physiological stage of maturity 341:395 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 1 58 theme antitumor 234:242 arg1 activities 244:253 antitumor activities 234:253 antitumor activities 234:253 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 4 59 theme crude 806:810 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 59 theme crude 806:810 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 59 theme crude 806:810 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 59 theme crude 806:810 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 59 theme crude 806:810 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 2 60 theme mycochemical 284:295 arg1 composition 297:307 the mycochemical composition 280:307 the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens 280:326 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 7 61 contain have 1434:1437 arg2 potential 1447:1455 immense potential 1439:1455 immense potential to be considered for a traceability process 1439:1499 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 7 61 contain have 1434:1437 arg1 characteristics 1418:1432 such characteristics 1413:1432 such characteristics 1413:1432 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 amount 566:571 a high amount 559:571 a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 559:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 62 theme carbohydrate 603:614 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 63 theme carbohydrate 1066:1077 arg1 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 8 64 theme composts 1624:1631 arg1 bioactivities 1607:1619 bioactivities 1607:1619 bioactivities of composts 1607:1631 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 6 65 from Pilei 1145:1149 arg1 stage 1198:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 3 66 theme available 626:634 arg1 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 66 theme available 626:634 arg1 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 1 67 theme Agaricus 152:159 arg1 Peck 174:177 Agaricus subrufescens Peck 152:177 Agaricus subrufescens Peck 152:177 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 1 67 theme Agaricus 152:159 arg1 basidiomycete 184:196 a basidiomycete 182:196 a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities 182:253 Agaricus subrufescens Peck is a basidiomycete with immunomodulatory compounds and antitumor activities. 29082241 0 68 theme Physiological 91:103 arg1 Stage 105:109 Their Morphological and Physiological Stage 67:109 Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity 67:121 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 6 69 theme A 1252:1252 arg1 values 1215:1220 higher values 1208:1220 higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%) 1208:1260 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 4 70 theme detergent 830:838 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 70 theme detergent 830:838 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 70 theme detergent 830:838 arg1 16.75 g kg-1 847:858 16.75 g kg-1 847:858 16.75 g kg-1 847:858 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 5 71 with Stipes 958:963 arg1 stage 991:995 mature physiological stage 970:995 mature physiological stage 970:995 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 8 72 theme efficient 1658:1666 arg1 use 1683:1685 an efficient and profitable use 1655:1685 farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass 1647:1709 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 5 73 theme physiological 977:989 arg1 stage 991:995 mature physiological stage 970:995 mature physiological stage 970:995 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 7 74 theme physiological 1380:1392 arg1 stage 1394:1398 their physiological stage 1374:1398 their physiological stage of maturity 1374:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 0 75 theme Traceability 130:141 arg1 Process 143:149 the Traceability Process 126:149 the Traceability Process 126:149 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 carbohydrate 636:647 available carbohydrate 626:647 available carbohydrate (63.89%) 626:656 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 matter 580:585 dry matter 576:585 dry matter (10.33%) 576:594 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg1 stipes 542:547 The stipes 538:547 The stipes 538:547 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 carbohydrate 603:614 total carbohydrate 597:614 total carbohydrate (69.56%) 597:623 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 amount 566:571 a high amount 559:571 a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 559:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 % 622:622 69.56% 617:622 69.56% 617:622 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 % 593:593 10.33% 588:593 10.33% 588:593 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 76 contain contained 549:557 arg2 % 655:655 63.89% 650:655 63.89% 650:655 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 8 77 theme profitable 1672:1681 arg1 use 1683:1685 an efficient and profitable use 1655:1685 farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass 1647:1709 This study can be used for the purpose of providing the consumer with more product diversity, optimizing bioactivities of composts, and allowing farmers an efficient and profitable use of the mushroom biomass. 29082241 6 78 theme physiological 1184:1196 arg1 stage 1198:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 the immature physiological stage 1171:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 7 79 theme mushrooms 1354:1362 arg1 parts 1345:1349 the morphological parts 1327:1349 the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity 1327:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 2 80 theme nutritional 494:504 arg1 products 506:513 new nutritional products 490:513 new nutritional products based on fungal foods 490:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 0 81 theme Agaricus 33:40 arg1 subrufescens 42:53 Agaricus subrufescens 33:53 Agaricus subrufescens 33:53 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 5 82 theme dry 1018:1020 arg1 matter 1022:1027 dry matter 1018:1027 dry matter (10.50%) 1018:1036 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 82 theme dry 1018:1020 arg1 % 1035:1035 10.50% 1030:1035 10.50% 1030:1035 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 7 83 theme parts 1345:1349 arg1 compositions 1311:1322 the mycochemical compositions 1294:1322 the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity 1294:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen 758:765 nitrogen (7.75%) 758:773 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 protein 776:782 protein 776:782 protein (33.96%) 776:791 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 moisture 739:746 moisture 739:746 moisture (90.66%) 739:755 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 lignin 936:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 25.07 g kg-1 917:928 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 % 821:821 2.44% 817:821 2.44% 817:821 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 41.82 g kg-1 887:898 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose 902:914 hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1) 902:929 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 % 790:790 33.96% 785:790 33.96% 785:790 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 fiber 840:844 acid detergent fiber 825:844 acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1) 825:859 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 % 772:772 7.75% 768:772 7.75% 768:772 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 % 754:754 90.66% 749:754 90.66% 749:754 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 amount 729:734 a high amount 722:734 a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin 722:941 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 84 theme high 724:727 arg1 ash 794:796 ash (8.24) 794:803 ash (8.24) 794:803 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 5 85 theme AC 1089:1090 arg1 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 6 86 theme mushrooms 1158:1166 arg1 Pilei 1145:1149 Pilei 1145:1149 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage 1145:1202 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 2 87 theme fungal 524:529 arg1 foods 531:535 fungal foods 524:535 fungal foods 524:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 5 88 theme 364.91 kcal 1120:1130 arg1 value 1113:1117 energy value 1106:1117 energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1106:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 88 theme 364.91 kcal 1120:1130 arg1 100 g-1 DM 1132:1141 364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM 1120:1141 364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM 1120:1141 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 2 89 theme process 459:465 arg1 development 429:439 the development 425:439 the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods 425:535 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 0 90 theme Morphological 73:85 arg1 Stage 105:109 Their Morphological and Physiological Stage 67:109 Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity 67:121 Mycochemical Characterization of Agaricus subrufescens considering Their Morphological and Physiological Stage of Maturity on the Traceability Process. 29082241 4 91 theme neutral 862:868 arg1 fat 812:814 crude fat 806:814 crude fat (2.44%) 806:822 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 4 91 theme neutral 862:868 arg1 fiber 880:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 neutral detergent fiber 862:884 The pilei contained a high amount of moisture (90.66%), nitrogen (7.75%), protein (33.96%), ash (8.24), crude fat (2.44%), acid detergent fiber (16.75 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (41.82 g kg-1), hemicellulose (25.07 g kg-1), and lignin (9.77 g kg-1). 29082241 7 92 attach linked 1364:1369 arg1 stage 1394:1398 their physiological stage 1374:1398 their physiological stage of maturity 1374:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 7 92 attach linked 1364:1369 arg2 mushrooms 1354:1362 mushrooms 1354:1362 mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity 1354:1410 Due to the differences between the mycochemical compositions of the morphological parts of mushrooms linked to their physiological stage of maturity, such characteristics have immense potential to be considered for a traceability process. 29082241 3 93 theme energy 663:668 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 93 theme energy 663:668 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 2 94 theme maturity 388:395 arg1 stage 379:383 their morphological and physiological stage 341:383 their morphological and physiological stage of maturity 341:395 This research evaluated the mycochemical composition of A. subrufescens, considering their morphological and physiological stage of maturity, with a particular focus on the development of a traceability process for the formulation of new nutritional products based on fungal foods. 29082241 6 95 theme P 1225:1225 arg1 values 1215:1220 higher values 1208:1220 higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%) 1208:1260 Pilei of the mushrooms in the immature physiological stage had higher values of P (36.83%), N (8.41%), and A (8.44%). 29082241 5 96 theme fiber 1045:1049 arg1 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 97 theme 100 g-1 689:695 arg1 DM 697:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM 677:698 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 3 97 theme 100 g-1 689:695 arg1 value 670:674 energy value 663:674 energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 663:699 The stipes contained a high amount of dry matter (10.33%), total carbohydrate (69.56%), available carbohydrate (63.89%), and energy value (363.97 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 29082241 5 98 theme value 1113:1117 arg1 values 1008:1013 higher values 1001:1013 higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM) 1001:1142 Stipes with mature physiological stage had higher values of dry matter (10.50%), crude fiber (5.94%), total carbohydrate (72.82%), AC (66.88%), and energy value (364.91 kcal 100 g-1 DM). 27987866 2 0 theme higher 482:487 arg1 time 440:443 less gelling time 427:443 less gelling time 427:443 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 0 theme higher 482:487 arg1 retention 495:503 higher water retention 482:503 higher water retention 482:503 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 5 1 theme bilayer 1117:1123 arg1 composite 1125:1133 this novel bilayer composite 1106:1133 this novel bilayer composite 1106:1133 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 2 2 theme developed 371:379 arg1 material 381:388 the newly developed material 361:388 the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) 361:418 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 4 3 from rate 967:970 arg1 mice 995:998 mice 995:998 mice 995:998 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 4 4 theme bilayer 906:912 arg1 dressing 920:927 bilayer wound dressing 906:927 bilayer wound dressing 906:927 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 4 5 theme in 861:862 arg1 studies 869:875 The in vivo studies 857:875 The in vivo studies 857:875 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 4 6 theme inflammatory 1066:1077 arg1 cells 1079:1083 less inflammatory cells 1061:1083 less inflammatory cells on Day 7 1061:1092 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 0 7 theme healing 117:123 arg1 applications 125:136 wound healing applications 111:136 wound healing applications 111:136 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 3 8 from nanoparticles 782:794 arg1 CSGB 808:811 CSGB 808:811 CSGB 808:811 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 4 9 theme wounds 985:990 arg1 rate 967:970 the healing rate 955:970 the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice 955:998 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 0 10 theme wound 111:115 arg1 healing 117:123 wound healing 111:123 wound healing applications 111:136 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 4 11 from cells 1079:1083 arg1 Day 1088:1090 Day 7 1088:1092 Day 7 1088:1092 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 2 12 used used 266:269 arg2 biomaterials 274:285 biomaterials 274:285 biomaterials 274:285 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 12 used used 266:269 arg2 chitosan 215:222 chitosan 215:222 chitosan cross-linked with genipin 215:248 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 4 13 theme healing 959:965 arg1 rate 967:970 the healing rate 955:970 the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice 955:998 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 3 14 theme no 707:708 arg1 activities 724:733 almost no antibacterial activities 700:733 almost no antibacterial activities 700:733 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 1 15 theme promising 182:190 arg1 dressing 198:205 a promising wound dressing 180:205 a promising wound dressing 180:205 The purpose of this study was to develop a promising wound dressing. 27987866 0 16 theme bilayer 7:13 arg1 dressing 15:22 Spongy bilayer dressing 0:22 Spongy bilayer dressing 0:22 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 3 17 theme antibacterial 710:722 arg1 activities 724:733 almost no antibacterial activities 700:733 almost no antibacterial activities 700:733 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 4 18 theme cutaneous 975:983 arg1 wounds 985:990 cutaneous wounds 975:990 cutaneous wounds 975:990 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 2 19 theme Bletilla 328:335 arg1 polysaccharide 345:358 partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 309:358 partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 309:358 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 1 20 theme wound 192:196 arg1 dressing 198:205 a promising wound dressing 180:205 a promising wound dressing 180:205 The purpose of this study was to develop a promising wound dressing. 27987866 0 21 theme Spongy 0:5 arg1 dressing 15:22 Spongy bilayer dressing 0:22 Spongy bilayer dressing 0:22 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 5 22 theme dressing 1164:1171 arg1 applications 1173:1184 wound dressing applications 1158:1184 wound dressing applications 1158:1184 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 2 23 theme oxidized 319:326 arg1 polysaccharide 345:358 partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 309:358 partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 309:358 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 24 theme gelling 432:438 arg1 time 440:443 less gelling time 427:443 less gelling time 427:443 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 24 theme gelling 432:438 arg1 retention 495:503 higher water retention 482:503 higher water retention 482:503 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 24 theme gelling 432:438 arg1 distribution 468:479 more uniform aperture distribution 446:479 more uniform aperture distribution 446:479 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 25 theme cell 549:552 arg1 proliferation 554:566 more L929 cell proliferation 539:566 more L929 cell proliferation 539:566 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 26 from material 381:388 arg1 study 398:402 this study 393:402 this study 393:402 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 4 27 theme better 1027:1032 arg1 epidermization 1041:1054 better mature epidermization 1027:1054 better mature epidermization 1027:1054 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 3 28 dep revealed 691:698 arg1 designed 817:824 designed 817:824 was designed to inhibit microbial invasion 813:854 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 2 29 theme L929 544:547 arg1 proliferation 554:566 more L929 cell proliferation 539:566 more L929 cell proliferation 539:566 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 0 30 theme chitosan-Ag 36:46 arg1 nanoparticles 48:60 chitosan-Ag nanoparticles 36:60 chitosan-Ag nanoparticles 36:60 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 2 31 theme more 539:542 arg1 proliferation 554:566 more L929 cell proliferation 539:566 more L929 cell proliferation 539:566 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 3 32 theme free 655:658 arg1 groups 666:671 free amino groups 655:671 free amino groups of chitosan 655:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 3 32 theme free 655:658 arg1 chitosan 676:683 chitosan 676:683 chitosan 676:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 2 33 theme aperture 459:466 arg1 time 440:443 less gelling time 427:443 less gelling time 427:443 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 33 theme aperture 459:466 arg1 distribution 468:479 more uniform aperture distribution 446:479 more uniform aperture distribution 446:479 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 5 34 theme great 1139:1143 arg1 potential 1145:1153 great potential 1139:1153 great potential 1139:1153 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 3 35 theme partial 635:641 arg1 blocking 643:650 partial blocking 635:650 partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan 635:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 4 36 theme mature 1034:1039 arg1 epidermization 1041:1054 better mature epidermization 1027:1054 better mature epidermization 1027:1054 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 5 37 theme wound 1158:1162 arg1 applications 1173:1184 wound dressing applications 1158:1184 wound dressing applications 1158:1184 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 2 38 theme uniform 451:457 arg1 time 440:443 less gelling time 427:443 less gelling time 427:443 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 38 theme uniform 451:457 arg1 distribution 468:479 more uniform aperture distribution 446:479 more uniform aperture distribution 446:479 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 5 39 contain has 1135:1137 arg1 composite 1125:1133 this novel bilayer composite 1106:1133 this novel bilayer composite 1106:1133 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 5 39 contain has 1135:1137 arg2 potential 1145:1153 great potential 1139:1153 great potential 1139:1153 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 0 40 theme chitosan-Bletilla 66:82 arg1 polysaccharide 92:105 chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide 66:105 chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide 66:105 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 2 41 dep showed 420:425 arg1 demanded 506:513 demanded 506:513 showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin 420:622 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 4 42 dep in 861:862 arg1 vivo 864:867 vivo 864:867 vivo 864:867 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 4 43 theme wound 914:918 arg1 dressing 920:927 bilayer wound dressing 906:927 bilayer wound dressing 906:927 The in vivo studies indicated that both CSGB and bilayer wound dressing significantly accelerated the healing rate of cutaneous wounds in mice, and the bilayer exhibited better mature epidermization with less inflammatory cells on Day 7. 27987866 3 44 theme chitosan-silver 766:780 arg1 CS-AgG 797:802 CS-AgG 797:802 CS-AgG 797:802 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 3 44 theme chitosan-silver 766:780 arg1 nanoparticles 782:794 chitosan-silver nanoparticles 766:794 chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB 766:811 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 3 45 theme chitosan 676:683 arg1 groups 666:671 free amino groups 655:671 free amino groups of chitosan 655:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 3 45 theme chitosan 676:683 arg1 chitosan 676:683 chitosan 676:683 chitosan 676:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 2 46 theme polysaccharide 345:358 arg1 addition 297:304 the addition 293:304 the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 293:358 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 3 47 theme amino 660:664 arg1 groups 666:671 free amino groups 655:671 free amino groups of chitosan 655:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 3 47 theme amino 660:664 arg1 chitosan 676:683 chitosan 676:683 chitosan 676:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 2 48 theme striata 337:343 arg1 polysaccharide 345:358 partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 309:358 partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 309:358 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 3 49 theme microbial 837:845 arg1 invasion 847:854 microbial invasion 837:854 microbial invasion 837:854 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 0 50 theme striata 84:90 arg1 polysaccharide 92:105 chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide 66:105 chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide 66:105 Spongy bilayer dressing composed of chitosan-Ag nanoparticles and chitosan-Bletilla striata polysaccharide for wound healing applications. 27987866 3 51 theme groups 666:671 arg1 blocking 643:650 partial blocking 635:650 partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan 635:683 Owning to partial blocking of free amino groups of chitosan, CSGB revealed almost no antibacterial activities, thus the bilayer composite of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-AgG) on CSGB was designed to inhibit microbial invasion. 27987866 1 52 theme study 159:163 arg1 purpose 143:149 The purpose 139:149 The purpose of this study 139:163 The purpose of this study was to develop a promising wound dressing. 27987866 2 53 theme water 489:493 arg1 time 440:443 less gelling time 427:443 less gelling time 427:443 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 2 53 theme water 489:493 arg1 retention 495:503 higher water retention 482:503 higher water retention 482:503 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 27987866 5 54 theme novel 1111:1115 arg1 composite 1125:1133 this novel bilayer composite 1106:1133 this novel bilayer composite 1106:1133 Therefore, this novel bilayer composite has great potential in wound dressing applications. 27987866 2 55 theme mechanical 515:524 arg1 strength 526:533 mechanical strength 515:533 mechanical strength 515:533 Though chitosan cross-linked with genipin has been widely used as biomaterials, with the addition of partially oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide, the newly developed material in this study (coded as CSGB) showed less gelling time, more uniform aperture distribution, higher water retention, demanded mechanical strength and more L929 cell proliferation compared to the chitosan cross-linked only with genipin. 25782436 0 0 theme process 92:98 arg1 chromatography 72:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 0 0 theme process 92:98 arg1 tool 122:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 6 1 used used 906:909 arg2 standard 893:900 standard 893:900 standard 893:900 In order to development a robust PAT method, an internal standard was used to improve the precision of the method by reducing systematic errors. 25782436 1 2 theme analytical 165:174 arg1 tool 193:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool 149:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 149:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 1 3 theme Fc-fusion 241:249 arg1 protein 251:257 an Fc-fusion protein 238:257 an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 238:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 7 4 theme delta 1024:1028 arg1 time 1018:1021 SEC retention time 1004:1021 SEC retention time (delta t) 1004:1031 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 7 4 theme delta 1024:1028 arg1 t 1030:1030 delta t 1024:1030 delta t 1024:1030 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 7 5 theme SEC 1004:1006 arg1 time 1018:1021 SEC retention time 1004:1021 SEC retention time (delta t) 1004:1031 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 7 5 theme SEC 1004:1006 arg1 t 1030:1030 delta t 1024:1030 delta t 1024:1030 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 1 6 theme technology 176:185 arg1 tool 193:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool 149:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 149:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 1 7 theme protein 251:257 arg1 content 227:233 sialic acid content 215:233 sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 215:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 0 8 theme technology 111:120 arg1 chromatography 72:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 0 8 theme technology 111:120 arg1 tool 122:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 7 9 dep correlated 1069:1078 arg1 R 1081:1081 R (2) 1081:1085 R (2) = 0.992 1081:1093 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 4 10 theme Fc-fusion 712:720 arg1 protein 722:728 the Fc-fusion protein 708:728 the Fc-fusion protein 708:728 Based on the SDS-PAGE and oligosaccharide analysis, we speculate that the amounts of the glycans could expand the structure of the Fc-fusion protein. 25782436 9 11 dep biomanufacturing 1270:1285 arg1 processes 1310:1318 optimization processes 1297:1318 optimization processes 1297:1318 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 0 12 theme analytical 100:109 arg1 chromatography 72:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 0 12 theme analytical 100:109 arg1 tool 122:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 9 13 theme CONCLUSION 1163:1172 arg1 tool 1202:1205 a promising PAT tool 1186:1205 a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes 1186:1318 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 9 13 theme CONCLUSION 1163:1172 arg1 SEC-HPLC 1174:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC 1163:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC 1163:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 2 14 dep content 356:362 arg1 time 419:422 -HPLC retention time 403:422 -HPLC retention time 403:422 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 2 14 dep content 356:362 arg1 the 340:342 the 340:342 the 340:342 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 2 15 dep RESULTS 286:292 arg1 observed 452:459 observed 452:459 was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples 448:499 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 1 16 theme cell 264:267 arg1 samples 277:283 cell culture samples 264:283 cell culture samples 264:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 8 17 theme production 1143:1152 arg1 process 1154:1160 a 1500 l production process 1134:1160 a 1500 l production process 1134:1160 This method was further validated by a 1500 l production process. 25782436 7 18 theme retention 1008:1016 arg1 time 1018:1021 SEC retention time 1004:1021 SEC retention time (delta t) 1004:1031 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 7 18 theme retention 1008:1016 arg1 t 1030:1030 delta t 1024:1030 delta t 1024:1030 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 2 19 theme -HPLC 403:407 arg1 time 419:422 -HPLC retention time 403:422 -HPLC retention time 403:422 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 7 20 theme acid 1044:1047 arg1 content 1049:1055 sialic acid content 1037:1055 sialic acid content 1037:1055 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 4 21 theme protein 722:728 arg1 structure 695:703 the structure 691:703 the structure of the Fc-fusion protein 691:728 Based on the SDS-PAGE and oligosaccharide analysis, we speculate that the amounts of the glycans could expand the structure of the Fc-fusion protein. 25782436 1 22 theme PAT 188:190 arg1 tool 193:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool 149:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 149:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 0 23 theme sialylation 11:21 arg1 levels 23:28 Monitoring sialylation levels 0:28 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein 0:49 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 9 24 theme promising 1188:1196 arg1 tool 1202:1205 a promising PAT tool 1186:1205 a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes 1186:1318 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 9 24 theme promising 1188:1196 arg1 SEC-HPLC 1174:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC 1163:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC 1163:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 0 25 theme Monitoring 0:9 arg1 levels 23:28 Monitoring sialylation levels 0:28 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein 0:49 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 1 26 theme culture 269:275 arg1 samples 277:283 cell culture samples 264:283 cell culture samples 264:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 1 27 from samples 277:283 arg1 protein 251:257 an Fc-fusion protein 238:257 an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 238:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 1 27 from samples 277:283 arg1 content 227:233 sialic acid content 215:233 sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 215:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 2 28 theme significant 308:318 arg1 correlation 320:330 A statistical significant correlation 294:330 A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein 294:446 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 5 29 theme molecular 820:828 arg1 size 830:833 its molecular size 816:833 its molecular size 816:833 This was manifested by the SEC-HPLC method in which proteins were separated based on its molecular size. 25782436 2 30 theme protein 440:446 arg1 SEC 399:401 SEC 399:401 SEC 399:401 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 2 30 theme protein 440:446 arg1 content 356:362 sialic acid content 344:362 sialic acid content 344:362 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 2 30 theme protein 440:446 arg1 chromatography 383:396 size-exclusion chromatography 368:396 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 368:402 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 5 31 theme SEC-HPLC 758:765 arg1 method 767:772 the SEC-HPLC method 754:772 the SEC-HPLC method in which proteins were separated based on its molecular size 754:833 This was manifested by the SEC-HPLC method in which proteins were separated based on its molecular size. 25782436 9 32 theme optimization 1297:1308 arg1 processes 1310:1318 optimization processes 1297:1318 optimization processes 1297:1318 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 2 33 theme statistical 296:306 arg1 correlation 320:330 A statistical significant correlation 294:330 A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein 294:446 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 2 34 theme Fc-fusion 430:438 arg1 protein 440:446 an Fc-fusion protein 427:446 an Fc-fusion protein 427:446 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 3 35 theme linear 508:513 arg1 analysis 523:530 linear fitting analysis 508:530 linear fitting analysis 508:530 Using linear fitting analysis, the data fit the model well with R (2) = 0.985. 25782436 3 36 theme fitting 515:521 arg1 analysis 523:530 linear fitting analysis 508:530 linear fitting analysis 508:530 Using linear fitting analysis, the data fit the model well with R (2) = 0.985. 25782436 0 37 theme protein 43:49 arg1 levels 23:28 Monitoring sialylation levels 0:28 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein 0:49 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 8 38 theme l 1141:1141 arg1 process 1154:1160 a 1500 l production process 1134:1160 a 1500 l production process 1134:1160 This method was further validated by a 1500 l production process. 25782436 8 39 theme 1500 1136:1139 arg1 process 1154:1160 a 1500 l production process 1134:1160 a 1500 l production process 1134:1160 This method was further validated by a 1500 l production process. 25782436 6 40 theme systematic 962:971 arg1 errors 973:978 systematic errors 962:978 systematic errors 962:978 In order to development a robust PAT method, an internal standard was used to improve the precision of the method by reducing systematic errors. 25782436 0 41 theme Fc-fusion 33:41 arg1 protein 43:49 Fc-fusion protein 33:49 Fc-fusion protein 33:49 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 9 42 theme acid 1229:1232 arg1 content 1234:1240 the sialic acid content 1218:1240 the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein 1218:1261 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 4 43 dep SDS-PAGE 594:601 arg1 the 590:592 the 590:592 the 590:592 Based on the SDS-PAGE and oligosaccharide analysis, we speculate that the amounts of the glycans could expand the structure of the Fc-fusion protein. 25782436 1 44 theme sialic 215:220 arg1 content 227:233 sialic acid content 215:233 sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 215:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 0 45 theme size-exclusion 57:70 arg1 chromatography 72:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 size-exclusion chromatography 57:85 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 0 45 theme size-exclusion 57:70 arg1 tool 122:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 a process analytical technology tool 90:125 Monitoring sialylation levels of Fc-fusion protein using size-exclusion chromatography as a process analytical technology tool. 25782436 7 46 dep found 984:988 arg1 correlated 1069:1078 correlated 1069:1078 found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992) 984:1094 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 2 47 theme acid 351:354 arg1 content 356:362 sialic acid content 344:362 sialic acid content 344:362 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 7 48 theme sialic 1037:1042 arg1 content 1049:1055 sialic acid content 1037:1055 sialic acid content 1037:1055 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 9 49 theme sialic 1222:1227 arg1 content 1234:1240 the sialic acid content 1218:1240 the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein 1218:1261 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 7 50 theme time 1018:1021 arg1 content 1049:1055 sialic acid content 1037:1055 sialic acid content 1037:1055 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 7 50 theme time 1018:1021 arg1 change 994:999 the change 990:999 the change of SEC retention time (delta t) 990:1031 We found the change of SEC retention time (delta t) and sialic acid content were highly correlated (R (2) = 0.992). 25782436 2 51 theme sialic 344:349 arg1 content 356:362 sialic acid content 344:362 sialic acid content 344:362 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 6 52 theme PAT 869:871 arg1 method 873:878 a robust PAT method 860:878 a robust PAT method 860:878 In order to development a robust PAT method, an internal standard was used to improve the precision of the method by reducing systematic errors. 25782436 6 53 theme method 943:948 arg1 precision 926:934 the precision 922:934 the precision of the method 922:948 In order to development a robust PAT method, an internal standard was used to improve the precision of the method by reducing systematic errors. 25782436 1 54 theme acid 222:225 arg1 content 227:233 sialic acid content 215:233 sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 215:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 1 55 from content 227:233 arg1 samples 277:283 cell culture samples 264:283 cell culture samples 264:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 9 56 theme PAT 1198:1200 arg1 tool 1202:1205 a promising PAT tool 1186:1205 a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes 1186:1318 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 9 56 theme PAT 1198:1200 arg1 SEC-HPLC 1174:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC 1163:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC 1163:1181 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 2 57 theme size-exclusion 368:381 arg1 SEC 399:401 SEC 399:401 SEC 399:401 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 2 57 theme size-exclusion 368:381 arg1 chromatography 383:396 size-exclusion chromatography 368:396 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 368:402 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 4 58 theme glycans 670:676 arg1 amounts 655:661 the amounts 651:661 the amounts of the glycans 651:676 Based on the SDS-PAGE and oligosaccharide analysis, we speculate that the amounts of the glycans could expand the structure of the Fc-fusion protein. 25782436 4 58 theme glycans 670:676 arg1 glycans 670:676 the glycans 666:676 the glycans 666:676 Based on the SDS-PAGE and oligosaccharide analysis, we speculate that the amounts of the glycans could expand the structure of the Fc-fusion protein. 25782436 2 59 theme retention 409:417 arg1 time 419:422 -HPLC retention time 403:422 -HPLC retention time 403:422 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 1 60 theme rapid 151:155 arg1 tool 193:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool 149:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 149:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 4 61 theme oligosaccharide 607:621 arg1 analysis 623:630 oligosaccharide analysis 607:630 oligosaccharide analysis 607:630 Based on the SDS-PAGE and oligosaccharide analysis, we speculate that the amounts of the glycans could expand the structure of the Fc-fusion protein. 25782436 9 62 theme Fc-fusion 1245:1253 arg1 protein 1255:1261 Fc-fusion protein 1245:1261 Fc-fusion protein 1245:1261 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 25782436 2 63 theme samples 493:499 arg1 titer 480:484 the titer 476:484 the titer of the samples 476:499 RESULTS A statistical significant correlation between the sialic acid content and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-HPLC retention time of an Fc-fusion protein was observed when analyzing the titer of the samples. 25782436 6 64 theme robust 862:867 arg1 method 873:878 a robust PAT method 860:878 a robust PAT method 860:878 In order to development a robust PAT method, an internal standard was used to improve the precision of the method by reducing systematic errors. 25782436 1 65 theme process 157:163 arg1 tool 193:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool 149:196 a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples 149:283 OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid process analytical technology (PAT) tool that can measure sialic acid content of an Fc-fusion protein from cell culture samples. 25782436 9 66 theme protein 1255:1261 arg1 content 1234:1240 the sialic acid content 1218:1240 the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein 1218:1261 CONCLUSION SEC-HPLC is a promising PAT tool to monitor the sialic acid content of Fc-fusion protein during biomanufacturing or medium optimization processes. 28866017 0 0 theme physicochemical 74:88 arg1 properties 90:99 enhanced physicochemical properties 65:99 enhanced physicochemical properties 65:99 Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties. 28866017 5 1 theme properties 671:680 arg1 improvement 622:632 improvement 622:632 improvement of various important physicochemical properties 622:680 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 6 2 theme structures 916:925 arg1 haveconsisted 858:870 haveconsisted 858:870 haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite 858:970 The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. 28866017 10 3 from terms 1509:1513 arg1 production 1575:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 10 4 theme application 1533:1543 arg1 terms 1509:1513 terms 1509:1513 terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production 1509:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 0 5 theme enhanced 65:72 arg1 properties 90:99 enhanced physicochemical properties 65:99 enhanced physicochemical properties 65:99 Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties. 28866017 7 6 theme radicals 1118:1125 arg1 formation 1127:1135 the difficulty radicals formation 1103:1135 the difficulty radicals formation 1103:1135 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 6 7 theme film 837:840 arg1 microstructure 815:828 The microstructure 811:828 The microstructure of the film 811:840 The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. 28866017 1 8 theme considerable 176:187 arg1 day 198:200 considerable increase day 176:200 considerable increase day 176:200 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. 28866017 6 9 theme blister-shaped 901:914 arg1 structures 916:925 homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures 875:925 homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite 875:970 The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. 28866017 5 10 theme elongation 747:756 arg1 break 761:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 10 11 theme new 1463:1465 arg1 perspective 1484:1494 a new biotechnological perspective 1461:1494 a new biotechnological perspective 1461:1494 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 7 12 theme overall 1026:1032 arg1 activity 1046:1053 the overall antioxidant activity 1022:1053 the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films 1022:1076 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 3 13 theme chitosan 348:355 arg1 films 367:371 chitosan composite films 348:371 chitosan composite films 348:371 In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. 28866017 7 14 theme diatomite 994:1002 arg1 incorporation 977:989 The incorporation 973:989 The incorporation of diatomite 973:1002 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 2 15 theme industrial 286:295 arg1 demands 297:303 the industrial demands 282:303 the industrial demands 282:303 But still, these biopolymers lack important properties in order to meet the industrial demands. 28866017 3 16 theme current 333:339 arg1 study 341:345 the current study 329:345 the current study 329:345 In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. 28866017 9 17 theme quantum 1390:1396 arg1 calculations 1407:1418 quantum chemical calculations 1390:1418 quantum chemical calculations 1390:1418 Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. 28866017 10 18 theme film 1570:1573 arg1 production 1575:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 0 19 with film 55:58 arg1 properties 90:99 enhanced physicochemical properties 65:99 enhanced physicochemical properties 65:99 Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties. 28866017 1 20 theme increase 189:196 arg1 day 198:200 considerable increase day 176:200 considerable increase day 176:200 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. 28866017 10 21 theme hydrophobic 1548:1558 arg1 production 1575:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 9 22 theme chemical 1398:1405 arg1 calculations 1407:1418 quantum chemical calculations 1390:1418 quantum chemical calculations 1390:1418 Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. 28866017 5 23 theme various 637:643 arg1 properties 671:680 various important physicochemical properties 637:680 various important physicochemical properties 637:680 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 24 theme diatomaceous 574:585 arg1 earth 587:591 Compositing diatomaceous earth 562:591 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film 562:608 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 8 25 theme antimicrobial 1241:1253 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the antimicrobial activity 1237:1262 the antimicrobial activity 1237:1262 Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. 28866017 4 26 theme homogeneous 472:482 arg1 film 484:487 a homogeneous film 470:487 a homogeneous film 470:487 In order to obtain a homogeneous film, glutaraldehyde was supplemented to chitosan solution as a cross-linker. 28866017 5 27 theme important 645:653 arg1 properties 671:680 various important physicochemical properties 637:680 various important physicochemical properties 637:680 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 28 theme physicochemical 655:669 arg1 properties 671:680 various important physicochemical properties 637:680 various important physicochemical properties 637:680 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 10 29 theme successful 1522:1531 arg1 application 1533:1543 its successful application 1518:1543 its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production 1518:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 3 30 theme composite 357:365 arg1 films 367:371 chitosan composite films 348:371 chitosan composite films 348:371 In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. 28866017 5 31 theme film 720:723 arg1 wettability 725:735 enhanced film wettability 711:735 enhanced film wettability 711:735 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 31 theme film 720:723 arg1 264-277°C 799:807 264-277°C 799:807 264-277°C 799:807 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 32 theme chitosan 596:603 arg1 film 605:608 chitosan film 596:608 chitosan film 596:608 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 1 33 theme Practical 102:110 arg1 applications 112:123 Practical applications 102:123 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries 102:162 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. 28866017 10 34 from application 1533:1543 arg1 production 1575:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 7 35 theme difficulty 1107:1116 arg1 formation 1127:1135 the difficulty radicals formation 1103:1135 the difficulty radicals formation 1103:1135 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 5 36 from break 761:765 arg1 elongation 747:756 increase elongation at break 738:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 36 from break 761:765 arg1 at 758:759 increase elongation at break 738:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 36 from break 761:765 arg1 increase 738:745 increase elongation at break 738:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 3 37 theme diatomite 403:411 arg1 soil 413:416 diatomite soil 403:416 diatomite soil 403:416 In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. 28866017 8 38 theme Chitosan 1138:1145 arg1 film 1147:1150 Chitosan film 1138:1150 Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite 1138:1201 Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. 28866017 6 39 theme distributed 889:899 arg1 structures 916:925 homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures 875:925 homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite 875:970 The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. 28866017 2 40 theme important 244:252 arg1 properties 254:263 important properties 244:263 important properties in order to meet the industrial demands 244:303 But still, these biopolymers lack important properties in order to meet the industrial demands. 28866017 7 41 dep influence 1012:1020 arg1 ascribe 1092:1098 ascribe 1092:1098 can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation 1085:1135 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 0 42 theme composite 21:29 arg1 ingredient 31:40 a novel composite ingredient 13:40 a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties 13:99 Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties. 28866017 4 43 theme chitosan 525:532 arg1 solution 534:541 chitosan solution 525:541 chitosan solution 525:541 In order to obtain a homogeneous film, glutaraldehyde was supplemented to chitosan solution as a cross-linker. 28866017 5 44 theme increase 738:745 arg1 break 761:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 8 45 theme diatomite 1193:1201 arg1 fraction 1181:1188 fraction 1181:1188 fraction of diatomite 1181:1201 Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. 28866017 0 46 theme novel 15:19 arg1 ingredient 31:40 a novel composite ingredient 13:40 a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties 13:99 Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties. 28866017 7 47 theme composite 1062:1070 arg1 films 1072:1076 the composite films 1058:1076 the composite films 1058:1076 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 0 48 theme chitosan 46:53 arg1 film 55:58 chitosan film 46:58 chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties 46:99 Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties. 28866017 8 49 theme notable 1214:1220 arg1 enhancement 1222:1232 a notable enhancement 1212:1232 a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity 1212:1262 Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. 28866017 3 50 theme different 425:433 arg1 concentrations 435:448 two different concentrations 421:448 two different concentrations 421:448 In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. 28866017 7 51 theme films 1072:1076 arg1 activity 1046:1053 the overall antioxidant activity 1022:1053 the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films 1022:1076 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 10 52 theme biotechnological 1467:1482 arg1 perspective 1484:1494 a new biotechnological perspective 1461:1494 a new biotechnological perspective 1461:1494 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 3 53 theme same 313:316 arg1 regard 318:323 the same regard 309:323 the same regard 309:323 In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. 28866017 9 54 theme first 1310:1314 arg1 time 1316:1319 the first time 1306:1319 the first time 1306:1319 Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. 28866017 10 55 theme composite 1560:1568 arg1 production 1575:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 hydrophobic composite film production 1548:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 10 56 theme Current 1421:1427 arg1 study 1429:1433 Current study 1421:1433 Current study 1421:1433 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 1 57 theme biopolymers 128:138 arg1 applications 112:123 Practical applications 102:123 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries 102:162 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. 28866017 9 58 theme present 1287:1293 arg1 study 1295:1299 the present study 1283:1299 the present study 1283:1299 Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. 28866017 8 59 from enhancement 1222:1232 arg1 activity 1255:1262 the antimicrobial activity 1237:1262 the antimicrobial activity 1237:1262 Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. 28866017 5 60 theme Compositing 562:572 arg1 earth 587:591 Compositing diatomaceous earth 562:591 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film 562:608 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 1 61 from applications 112:123 arg1 industries 153:162 different industries 143:162 different industries 143:162 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. 28866017 5 62 theme enhanced 711:718 arg1 wettability 725:735 enhanced film wettability 711:735 enhanced film wettability 711:735 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 62 theme enhanced 711:718 arg1 264-277°C 799:807 264-277°C 799:807 264-277°C 799:807 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 9 63 theme possible 1321:1328 arg1 interactions 1330:1341 possible interactions 1321:1341 possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite 1321:1368 Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. 28866017 7 64 theme antioxidant 1034:1044 arg1 activity 1046:1053 the overall antioxidant activity 1022:1053 the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films 1022:1076 The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. 28866017 1 65 theme different 143:151 arg1 industries 153:162 different industries 143:162 different industries 143:162 Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. 28866017 10 66 from production 1575:1584 arg1 terms 1509:1513 terms 1509:1513 terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production 1509:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 5 67 theme improved 771:778 arg1 stability 788:796 improved thermal stability 771:796 improved thermal stability 771:796 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 10 68 from diatom 1499:1504 arg1 terms 1509:1513 terms 1509:1513 terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production 1509:1584 Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. 28866017 5 69 dep resulted 610:617 arg1 compared 682:689 compared 682:689 compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C) 682:808 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 5 70 theme thermal 780:786 arg1 stability 788:796 improved thermal stability 771:796 improved thermal stability 771:796 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 28866017 6 71 theme diatomite 962:970 arg1 incorporation 945:957 the incorporation 941:957 the incorporation of diatomite 941:970 The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. 28866017 5 72 theme at 758:759 arg1 break 761:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 increase elongation at break 738:765 Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277°C). 27565299 0 0 theme scabra 99:104 arg1 bge 106:108 Gentiana scabra bge 90:108 Gentiana scabra bge 90:108 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 5 1 theme ferric 1094:1099 arg1 assay 1116:1120 ferric reducing power assay 1094:1120 ferric reducing power assay 1094:1120 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 3 2 from galactose 715:723 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 1 3 theme extraction 158:167 arg1 optimization 126:137 optimization 126:137 optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 126:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 6 4 theme functional 1292:1301 arg1 foods 1303:1307 functional foods 1292:1307 functional foods 1292:1307 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 1 5 theme crude 251:255 arg1 polysaccharides 257:271 crude polysaccharides 251:271 crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 251:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 1 5 theme crude 251:255 arg1 CPS 274:276 CPS 274:276 CPS 274:276 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 0 6 theme Gentiana 90:97 arg1 bge 106:108 Gentiana scabra bge 90:108 Gentiana scabra bge 90:108 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 5 7 theme reducing 1101:1108 arg1 assay 1116:1120 ferric reducing power assay 1094:1120 ferric reducing power assay 1094:1120 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 4 8 theme average 826:832 arg1 weight 844:849 The average molecular weight 822:849 The average molecular weight of CPS 822:856 The average molecular weight of CPS was estimated to be 3.8×104Da. 27565299 4 8 theme average 826:832 arg1 3.8×104Da 878:886 3.8×104Da 878:886 3.8×104Da 878:886 The average molecular weight of CPS was estimated to be 3.8×104Da. 27565299 3 9 from arabinose 726:734 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 1 10 theme polysaccharides 257:271 arg1 optimization 126:137 optimization 126:137 optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 126:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 5 11 theme power 1110:1114 arg1 assay 1116:1120 ferric reducing power assay 1094:1120 ferric reducing power assay 1094:1120 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 1 12 from bge 300:302 arg1 optimization 126:137 optimization 126:137 optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 126:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 1 12 from bge 300:302 arg1 polysaccharides 257:271 crude polysaccharides 251:271 crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 251:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 1 12 from bge 300:302 arg1 CPS 274:276 CPS 274:276 CPS 274:276 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 6 13 theme scabra 1193:1198 arg1 polysaccharides 1200:1214 G. scabra polysaccharides 1190:1214 G. scabra polysaccharides 1190:1214 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 5 14 theme hydroxyl 1056:1063 arg1 radical 1065:1071 hydroxyl radical 1056:1071 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 1056:1088 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 2 15 theme optimal 339:345 arg1 follows 388:394 follows 388:394 follows 388:394 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 15 theme optimal 339:345 arg1 conditions 358:367 The optimal extraction conditions 335:367 The optimal extraction conditions 335:367 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 16 theme extraction 491:500 arg1 time 502:505 extraction time 491:505 extraction time of 130.38s. 491:517 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 3 17 theme galacturonic 688:699 arg1 acid 701:704 galacturonic acid 688:704 galacturonic acid 688:704 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 3 18 from acid 701:704 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 2 19 theme particle 404:411 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 5 20 theme CPS 940:942 arg1 activity 928:935 the potential antioxidant activity 902:935 the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE 902:959 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 5 21 theme scavenging 1073:1082 arg1 assay 1084:1088 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 1056:1088 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 1056:1088 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 3 22 theme 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34 767:805 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 1 23 from optimization 126:137 arg1 bge 300:302 bge 300:302 bge 300:302 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 1 23 from optimization 126:137 arg1 scabra 308:313 scabra 308:313 scabra 308:313 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 2 24 theme solid/liquid 429:440 arg1 ratio 442:446 solid/liquid ratio 429:446 solid/liquid ratio of 1:34 429:454 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 25 theme extraction 457:466 arg1 voltage 468:474 extraction voltage 457:474 extraction voltage of 157.09V 457:485 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 3 26 from glcose 707:712 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 5 27 theme radical 1065:1071 arg1 assay 1084:1088 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 1056:1088 hydroxyl radical scavenging assay 1056:1088 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 3 28 from rhamnose 678:685 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 5 29 theme anion 1024:1028 arg1 radical 1030:1036 superoxide anion radical 1013:1036 superoxide anion radical scavenging assay 1013:1053 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 1 30 theme preliminary 176:186 arg1 characterization 197:212 preliminary chemical characterization 176:212 preliminary chemical characterization 176:212 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 2 31 theme 80mesh 421:426 arg1 time 502:505 extraction time 491:505 extraction time of 130.38s. 491:517 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 31 theme 80mesh 421:426 arg1 voltage 468:474 extraction voltage 457:474 extraction voltage of 157.09V 457:485 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 31 theme 80mesh 421:426 arg1 ratio 442:446 solid/liquid ratio 429:446 solid/liquid ratio of 1:34 429:454 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 31 theme 80mesh 421:426 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 6 32 theme extraction 1165:1174 arg1 technique 1176:1184 an effective extraction technique 1152:1184 an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1152:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 32 theme extraction 1165:1174 arg1 agent 1275:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent 1243:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1243:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 33 theme G. 1190:1191 arg1 polysaccharides 1200:1214 G. scabra polysaccharides 1190:1214 G. scabra polysaccharides 1190:1214 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 4 34 theme molecular 834:842 arg1 weight 844:849 The average molecular weight 822:849 The average molecular weight of CPS 822:856 The average molecular weight of CPS was estimated to be 3.8×104Da. 27565299 4 34 theme molecular 834:842 arg1 3.8×104Da 878:886 3.8×104Da 878:886 3.8×104Da 878:886 The average molecular weight of CPS was estimated to be 3.8×104Da. 27565299 1 35 theme chemical 188:195 arg1 characterization 197:212 preliminary chemical characterization 176:212 preliminary chemical characterization 176:212 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 3 36 theme Chemical 602:609 arg1 analysis 623:630 Chemical composition analysis 602:630 Chemical composition analysis 602:630 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 5 37 theme antioxidant 916:926 arg1 activity 928:935 the potential antioxidant activity 902:935 the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE 902:959 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 1 38 theme characterization 197:212 arg1 optimization 126:137 optimization 126:137 optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 126:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 0 39 theme antioxidant 46:56 arg1 activity 58:65 antioxidant activity 46:65 antioxidant activity 46:65 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 3 40 theme composition 611:621 arg1 analysis 623:630 Chemical composition analysis 602:630 Chemical composition analysis 602:630 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 6 41 theme antioxidant 1263:1273 arg1 technique 1176:1184 an effective extraction technique 1152:1184 an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1152:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 41 theme antioxidant 1263:1273 arg1 agent 1275:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent 1243:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1243:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 42 theme promising 1245:1253 arg1 technique 1176:1184 an effective extraction technique 1152:1184 an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1152:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 42 theme promising 1245:1253 arg1 agent 1275:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent 1243:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1243:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 2 43 theme sample 397:402 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 44 theme 1:34 451:454 arg1 time 502:505 extraction time 491:505 extraction time of 130.38s. 491:517 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 44 theme 1:34 451:454 arg1 voltage 468:474 extraction voltage 457:474 extraction voltage of 157.09V 457:485 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 44 theme 1:34 451:454 arg1 ratio 442:446 solid/liquid ratio 429:446 solid/liquid ratio of 1:34 429:454 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 44 theme 1:34 451:454 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 45 theme 130.38s. 510:517 arg1 time 502:505 extraction time 491:505 extraction time of 130.38s. 491:517 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 45 theme 130.38s. 510:517 arg1 voltage 468:474 extraction voltage 457:474 extraction voltage of 157.09V 457:485 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 45 theme 130.38s. 510:517 arg1 ratio 442:446 solid/liquid ratio 429:446 solid/liquid ratio of 1:34 429:454 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 45 theme 130.38s. 510:517 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 5 46 theme DPPH 982:985 arg1 assay 1006:1010 DPPH radical scavenging assay 982:1010 DPPH radical scavenging assay 982:1010 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 1 47 theme antioxidant 218:228 arg1 activity 230:237 antioxidant activity 218:237 antioxidant activity 218:237 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 5 48 theme radical 1030:1036 arg1 assay 1049:1053 superoxide anion radical scavenging assay 1013:1053 superoxide anion radical scavenging assay 1013:1053 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 3 49 from fucose 740:745 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 5 50 theme radical 987:993 arg1 assay 1006:1010 DPPH radical scavenging assay 982:1010 DPPH radical scavenging assay 982:1010 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 3 51 from mannose 669:675 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 2 52 theme extraction 547:556 arg1 yield 558:562 the extraction yield 543:562 the extraction yield of CPS 543:569 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 5 53 theme scavenging 995:1004 arg1 assay 1006:1010 DPPH radical scavenging assay 982:1010 DPPH radical scavenging assay 982:1010 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 2 54 theme CPS 567:569 arg1 yield 558:562 the extraction yield 543:562 the extraction yield of CPS 543:569 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 6 55 theme effective 1155:1163 arg1 technique 1176:1184 an effective extraction technique 1152:1184 an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1152:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 55 theme effective 1155:1163 arg1 agent 1275:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent 1243:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1243:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 56 theme natural 1255:1261 arg1 technique 1176:1184 an effective extraction technique 1152:1184 an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1152:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 6 56 theme natural 1255:1261 arg1 agent 1275:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent 1243:1279 a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines 1243:1320 Overall, this study provided an effective extraction technique for G. scabra polysaccharides which would be explored as a promising natural antioxidant agent applied in functional foods or medicines. 27565299 5 57 theme potential 906:914 arg1 activity 928:935 the potential antioxidant activity 902:935 the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE 902:959 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 1 58 theme activity 230:237 arg1 optimization 126:137 optimization 126:137 optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) 126:314 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 5 59 theme superoxide 1013:1022 arg1 radical 1030:1036 superoxide anion radical 1013:1036 superoxide anion radical scavenging assay 1013:1053 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 5 60 theme scavenging 1038:1047 arg1 assay 1049:1053 superoxide anion radical scavenging assay 1013:1053 superoxide anion radical scavenging assay 1013:1053 In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of CPS extracted by STE were demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay. 27565299 2 61 theme extraction 347:356 arg1 follows 388:394 follows 388:394 follows 388:394 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 61 theme extraction 347:356 arg1 conditions 358:367 The optimal extraction conditions 335:367 The optimal extraction conditions 335:367 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 3 62 theme molar 752:756 arg1 ratio 758:762 a molar ratio 750:762 a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively 750:819 Chemical composition analysis indicated CPS was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glcose, galactose, arabinose and fucose in a molar ratio of 1.00:9.89:51.59:35.37:38.06:99.13:21.34, respectively. 27565299 2 63 theme 157.09V 479:485 arg1 time 502:505 extraction time 491:505 extraction time of 130.38s. 491:517 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 63 theme 157.09V 479:485 arg1 voltage 468:474 extraction voltage 457:474 extraction voltage of 157.09V 457:485 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 63 theme 157.09V 479:485 arg1 ratio 442:446 solid/liquid ratio 429:446 solid/liquid ratio of 1:34 429:454 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 63 theme 157.09V 479:485 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 0 64 from bge 106:108 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 0 64 from bge 106:108 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 0 64 from bge 106:108 arg1 activity 58:65 antioxidant activity 46:65 antioxidant activity 46:65 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 2 65 dep follows 388:394 arg1 time 502:505 extraction time 491:505 extraction time of 130.38s. 491:517 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 65 dep follows 388:394 arg1 voltage 468:474 extraction voltage 457:474 extraction voltage of 157.09V 457:485 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 65 dep follows 388:394 arg1 ratio 442:446 solid/liquid ratio 429:446 solid/liquid ratio of 1:34 429:454 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 2 65 dep follows 388:394 arg1 size 413:416 sample particle size 397:416 sample particle size of 80mesh 397:426 The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: sample particle size of 80mesh, solid/liquid ratio of 1:34, extraction voltage of 157.09V and extraction time of 130.38s. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of CPS had reached 15.03±0.14% (n=3). 27565299 1 66 theme smashing 142:149 arg1 STE 170:172 STE 170:172 STE 170:172 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 1 66 theme smashing 142:149 arg1 extraction 158:167 smashing tissue extraction 142:167 smashing tissue extraction (STE) 142:173 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 0 67 theme polysaccharide 70:83 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 0 67 theme polysaccharide 70:83 arg1 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 characterization 25:40 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 0 67 theme polysaccharide 70:83 arg1 activity 58:65 antioxidant activity 46:65 antioxidant activity 46:65 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 0 68 dep Extraction 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 optimization 11:22 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Gentiana scabra bge. 27565299 1 69 theme tissue 151:156 arg1 STE 170:172 STE 170:172 STE 170:172 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 1 69 theme tissue 151:156 arg1 extraction 158:167 smashing tissue extraction 142:167 smashing tissue extraction (STE) 142:173 In this study, optimization of smashing tissue extraction (STE), preliminary chemical characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of crude polysaccharides (CPS) from Gentiana scabra bge (G. scabra) were investigated. 27565299 4 70 theme CPS 854:856 arg1 weight 844:849 The average molecular weight 822:849 The average molecular weight of CPS 822:856 The average molecular weight of CPS was estimated to be 3.8×104Da. 27565299 4 70 theme CPS 854:856 arg1 3.8×104Da 878:886 3.8×104Da 878:886 3.8×104Da 878:886 The average molecular weight of CPS was estimated to be 3.8×104Da. 27874103 5 0 from similar 985:991 arg1 addition 686:693 addition 686:693 addition 686:693 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 1 1 theme natural 145:151 arg1 Cordyceps 91:99 Natural Cordyceps 83:99 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan 83:119 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 1 theme natural 145:151 arg1 sinensis 163:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 1 theme natural 145:151 arg1 species 185:191 an official species 173:191 an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years 173:264 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 5 2 from contents 923:930 arg1 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps from Bhutan 954:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 0 3 theme sinensis 73:80 arg1 Bhutan 25:30 Bhutan 25:30 Bhutan 25:30 Cordyceps collected from Bhutan, an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis. 27874103 0 3 theme sinensis 73:80 arg1 alternative 48:58 an appropriate alternative 33:58 an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis 33:80 Cordyceps collected from Bhutan, an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis. 27874103 2 4 used used 322:325 arg2 sinensis 341:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 2 4 used used 322:325 arg2 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps from Bhutan 284:304 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 1 5 theme Cordyceps 153:161 arg1 Cordyceps 91:99 Natural Cordyceps 83:99 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan 83:119 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 5 theme Cordyceps 153:161 arg1 sinensis 163:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 5 theme Cordyceps 153:161 arg1 species 185:191 an official species 173:191 an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years 173:264 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 5 6 from addition 686:693 arg1 similar 985:991 similar 985:991 similar 985:991 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 7 from sequence 382:389 arg1 batches 465:471 twelve batches 458:471 twelve batches of Cordyceps 458:484 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 6 8 theme food 1205:1208 arg1 areas 1210:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 3 9 from Bhutan 491:496 arg1 components 402:411 bioactive components 392:411 bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides 392:453 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 9 from Bhutan 491:496 arg1 polysaccharides 439:453 polysaccharides 439:453 polysaccharides 439:453 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 9 from Bhutan 491:496 arg1 nucleosides 423:433 nucleosides 423:433 nucleosides 423:433 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 9 from Bhutan 491:496 arg1 sequence 382:389 DNA sequence 378:389 DNA sequence 378:389 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 hypoxanthine 752:763 hypoxanthine 752:763 hypoxanthine 752:763 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 thymidine 784:792 thymidine 784:792 thymidine 784:792 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 acid 869:872 partial acid 861:872 partial acid 861:872 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 weights 911:917 molecular weights 901:917 molecular weights 901:917 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 adenine 795:801 adenine 795:801 adenine 795:801 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 guanine 732:738 guanine 732:738 guanine 732:738 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 uridine 766:772 uridine 766:772 uridine 766:772 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 inosine 775:781 inosine 775:781 inosine 775:781 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 hydrolysates 887:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 adenosine 808:816 adenosine 808:816 adenosine 808:816 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 guanosine 741:749 guanosine 741:749 guanosine 741:749 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 10 theme molecular 901:909 arg1 monosaccharides 844:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 11 from weights 911:917 arg1 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps from Bhutan 954:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 12 theme C. 551:552 arg1 sinensis 554:561 natural C. sinensis 543:561 natural C. sinensis 543:561 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 6 13 theme sinensis 1110:1117 arg1 alternative 1084:1094 a rational alternative 1073:1094 a rational alternative 1073:1094 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 13 theme sinensis 1110:1117 arg1 beneficial 1129:1138 beneficial 1129:1138 beneficial 1129:1138 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 13 theme sinensis 1110:1117 arg1 Cordyceps 1048:1056 Cordyceps 1048:1056 Cordyceps from Bhutan 1048:1068 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 14 theme medicinal 1195:1203 arg1 areas 1210:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 4 15 theme Hepialidae 668:677 arg1 sp 679:680 Hepialidae sp 668:680 Hepialidae sp 668:680 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 5 16 from Bhutan 969:974 arg1 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps from Bhutan 954:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 16 from Bhutan 969:974 arg1 polysaccharides 935:949 polysaccharides 935:949 polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan 935:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 6 17 from health 1184:1189 arg1 improvement 1148:1158 the improvement 1144:1158 the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas 1144:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 18 theme C. 1107:1108 arg1 sinensis 1110:1117 natural C. sinensis 1099:1117 natural C. sinensis 1099:1117 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 hypoxanthine 752:763 hypoxanthine 752:763 hypoxanthine 752:763 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 thymidine 784:792 thymidine 784:792 thymidine 784:792 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 bases 718:722 their bases 712:722 their bases 712:722 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 acid 869:872 partial acid 861:872 partial acid 861:872 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 weights 911:917 molecular weights 901:917 molecular weights 901:917 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 adenine 795:801 adenine 795:801 adenine 795:801 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 contents 923:930 contents 923:930 contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan 923:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 uridine 766:772 uridine 766:772 uridine 766:772 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 nucleosides 696:706 nucleosides 696:706 nucleosides 696:706 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 inosine 775:781 inosine 775:781 inosine 775:781 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 hydrolysates 887:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 guanine 732:738 guanine 732:738 guanine 732:738 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 adenosine 808:816 adenosine 808:816 adenosine 808:816 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 guanosine 741:749 guanosine 741:749 guanosine 741:749 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 19 from Cordyceps 954:962 arg1 monosaccharides 844:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 20 theme compositional 830:842 arg1 monosaccharides 844:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 1 21 used used 137:140 arg2 sinensis 163:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 21 used used 137:140 arg2 Cordyceps 91:99 Natural Cordyceps 83:99 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan 83:119 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 22 theme Natural 83:89 arg1 Cordyceps 91:99 Natural Cordyceps 83:99 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan 83:119 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 22 theme Natural 83:89 arg1 sinensis 163:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 5 23 from polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 Bhutan 969:974 Bhutan 969:974 Bhutan 969:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 23 from polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps from Bhutan 954:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 4 24 theme host 644:647 arg1 insect 649:654 the host insect 640:654 the host insect 640:654 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 1 25 theme recent 253:258 arg1 years 260:264 recent years 253:264 recent years 253:264 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 6 26 theme performance 1169:1179 arg1 improvement 1148:1158 the improvement 1144:1158 the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas 1144:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 5 27 theme enzymatic 877:885 arg1 hydrolysates 887:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 28 theme bioactive 392:400 arg1 components 402:411 bioactive components 392:411 bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides 392:453 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 28 theme bioactive 392:400 arg1 polysaccharides 439:453 polysaccharides 439:453 polysaccharides 439:453 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 28 theme bioactive 392:400 arg1 nucleosides 423:433 nucleosides 423:433 nucleosides 423:433 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 28 theme bioactive 392:400 arg1 sequence 382:389 DNA sequence 378:389 DNA sequence 378:389 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 1 29 from world 244:248 arg1 years 260:264 recent years 253:264 recent years 253:264 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 6 30 theme rational 1075:1082 arg1 alternative 1084:1094 a rational alternative 1073:1094 a rational alternative 1073:1094 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 30 theme rational 1075:1082 arg1 beneficial 1129:1138 beneficial 1129:1138 beneficial 1129:1138 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 30 theme rational 1075:1082 arg1 Cordyceps 1048:1056 Cordyceps 1048:1056 Cordyceps from Bhutan 1048:1068 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 5 31 theme natural 1005:1011 arg1 sinensis 1016:1023 natural C. sinensis 1005:1023 natural C. sinensis 1005:1023 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 32 theme natural 543:549 arg1 sinensis 554:561 natural C. sinensis 543:561 natural C. sinensis 543:561 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 4 33 from Bhutan 613:618 arg1 fungus 588:593 the fungus 584:593 the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan 584:618 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 4 33 from Bhutan 613:618 arg1 sinensis 627:634 C. sinensis 624:634 C. sinensis 624:634 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 3 34 theme DNA 378:380 arg1 components 402:411 bioactive components 392:411 bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides 392:453 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 34 theme DNA 378:380 arg1 polysaccharides 439:453 polysaccharides 439:453 polysaccharides 439:453 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 34 theme DNA 378:380 arg1 nucleosides 423:433 nucleosides 423:433 nucleosides 423:433 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 3 34 theme DNA 378:380 arg1 sequence 382:389 DNA sequence 378:389 DNA sequence 378:389 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 4 35 theme C. 624:625 arg1 fungus 588:593 the fungus 584:593 the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan 584:618 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 4 35 theme C. 624:625 arg1 sinensis 627:634 C. sinensis 624:634 C. sinensis 624:634 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 1 36 theme official 176:183 arg1 sinensis 163:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 36 theme official 176:183 arg1 species 185:191 an official species 173:191 an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years 173:264 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 37 theme Cordyceps 196:204 arg1 sinensis 163:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 natural Cordyceps sinensis 145:170 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 1 37 theme Cordyceps 196:204 arg1 species 185:191 an official species 173:191 an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years 173:264 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 6 38 from performance 1169:1179 arg1 health 1184:1189 health 1184:1189 health 1184:1189 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 38 from performance 1169:1179 arg1 areas 1210:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 5 39 from nucleosides 696:706 arg1 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps from Bhutan 954:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 0 40 theme appropriate 36:46 arg1 Bhutan 25:30 Bhutan 25:30 Bhutan 25:30 Cordyceps collected from Bhutan, an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis. 27874103 0 40 theme appropriate 36:46 arg1 alternative 48:58 an appropriate alternative 33:58 an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis 33:80 Cordyceps collected from Bhutan, an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis. 27874103 6 41 from Bhutan 1063:1068 arg1 alternative 1084:1094 a rational alternative 1073:1094 a rational alternative 1073:1094 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 41 from Bhutan 1063:1068 arg1 beneficial 1129:1138 beneficial 1129:1138 beneficial 1129:1138 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 41 from Bhutan 1063:1068 arg1 Cordyceps 1048:1056 Cordyceps 1048:1056 Cordyceps from Bhutan 1048:1068 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 3 42 theme Cordyceps 476:484 arg1 batches 465:471 twelve batches 458:471 twelve batches of Cordyceps 458:484 Therefore, DNA sequence, bioactive components including nucleosides and polysaccharides in twelve batches of Cordyceps from Bhutan were firstly investigated, and compared with natural C. sinensis. 27874103 6 43 from improvement 1148:1158 arg1 health 1184:1189 health 1184:1189 health 1184:1189 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 6 43 from improvement 1148:1158 arg1 areas 1210:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 medicinal food areas 1195:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 2 44 from Bhutan 299:304 arg1 sinensis 341:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 2 44 from Bhutan 299:304 arg1 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps from Bhutan 284:304 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 5 45 theme partial 861:867 arg1 acid 869:872 partial acid 861:872 partial acid 861:872 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 6 46 theme natural 1099:1105 arg1 sinensis 1110:1117 natural C. sinensis 1099:1117 natural C. sinensis 1099:1117 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 27874103 5 47 from bases 718:722 arg1 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps 954:962 Cordyceps from Bhutan 954:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 hypoxanthine 752:763 hypoxanthine 752:763 hypoxanthine 752:763 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 thymidine 784:792 thymidine 784:792 thymidine 784:792 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 bases 718:722 their bases 712:722 their bases 712:722 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 acid 869:872 partial acid 861:872 partial acid 861:872 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 weights 911:917 molecular weights 901:917 molecular weights 901:917 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 adenine 795:801 adenine 795:801 adenine 795:801 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 contents 923:930 contents 923:930 contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan 923:974 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 uridine 766:772 uridine 766:772 uridine 766:772 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 nucleosides 696:706 nucleosides 696:706 nucleosides 696:706 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 inosine 775:781 inosine 775:781 inosine 775:781 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 hydrolysates 887:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 enzymatic hydrolysates 877:898 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 guanine 732:738 guanine 732:738 guanine 732:738 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 adenosine 808:816 adenosine 808:816 adenosine 808:816 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 guanosine 741:749 guanosine 741:749 guanosine 741:749 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 48 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 monosaccharides 844:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 compositional monosaccharides 830:858 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 5 49 theme C. 1013:1014 arg1 sinensis 1016:1023 natural C. sinensis 1005:1023 natural C. sinensis 1005:1023 In addition, nucleosides and their bases such as guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, uridine, inosine, thymidine, adenine, and adenosine, as well as compositional monosaccharides, partial acid or enzymatic hydrolysates, molecular weights and contents of polysaccharides in Cordyceps from Bhutan were all similar to those of natural C. sinensis. 27874103 1 50 theme Chinese 214:220 arg1 medicines 222:230 Chinese medicines 214:230 Chinese medicines 214:230 Natural Cordyceps collected in Bhutan has been widely used as natural Cordyceps sinensis, an official species of Cordyceps used as Chinese medicines, around the world in recent years. 27874103 0 51 theme Cordyceps 63:71 arg1 sinensis 73:80 Cordyceps sinensis 63:80 Cordyceps sinensis 63:80 Cordyceps collected from Bhutan, an appropriate alternative of Cordyceps sinensis. 27874103 2 52 theme C. 338:339 arg1 sinensis 341:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 2 52 theme C. 338:339 arg1 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps from Bhutan 284:304 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 4 53 theme Cordyceps 598:606 arg1 fungus 588:593 the fungus 584:593 the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan 584:618 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 4 53 theme Cordyceps 598:606 arg1 sinensis 627:634 C. sinensis 624:634 C. sinensis 624:634 Results showed that the fungus of Cordyceps from Bhutan was C. sinensis and the host insect belonged to Hepialidae sp. 27874103 2 54 theme natural 330:336 arg1 sinensis 341:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 natural C. sinensis 330:348 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 2 54 theme natural 330:336 arg1 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps 284:292 Cordyceps from Bhutan 284:304 However, whether Cordyceps from Bhutan could be really used as natural C. sinensis remains unknown. 27874103 6 55 from areas 1210:1214 arg1 improvement 1148:1158 the improvement 1144:1158 the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas 1144:1214 All data suggest that Cordyceps from Bhutan is a rational alternative of natural C. sinensis, which is beneficial for the improvement of their performance in health and medicinal food areas. 24631547 7 0 contain had 976:978 arg1 polysaccharides 951:965 polysaccharides 951:965 polysaccharides from CAL 951:974 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 7 0 contain had 976:978 arg2 applications 1002:1013 potential therapeutic applications 980:1013 potential therapeutic applications 980:1013 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 0 1 theme sequential 178:187 arg1 extraction 189:198 sequential extraction 178:198 sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively 178:254 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 2 theme L. 96:97 arg1 fractions 120:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 3 from characterization 11:26 arg1 aurantium 86:94 Citrus aurantium 79:94 Citrus aurantium 79:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 7 4 theme antioxidant 1067:1077 arg1 activities 1079:1088 their antioxidant activities 1061:1088 their antioxidant activities 1061:1088 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 0 5 theme polysaccharide 105:118 arg1 fractions 120:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 6 theme 1.0M 232:235 arg1 NaOH 237:240 1.0M NaOH 232:240 1.0M NaOH 232:240 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 7 7 dep potential 980:988 arg1 therapeutic 990:1000 therapeutic 990:1000 therapeutic 990:1000 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 4 8 theme purified 543:550 arg1 CALB-1-4 569:576 CALB-1-4 569:576 CALB-1-4 569:576 CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. 24631547 4 8 theme purified 543:550 arg1 polysaccharides 552:566 four purified polysaccharides 538:566 four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) 538:577 CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. 24631547 6 9 theme purified 779:786 arg1 polysaccharides 788:802 the four purified polysaccharides 770:802 the four purified polysaccharides 770:802 Among the four purified polysaccharides, CALB-3 had the highest antioxidant activity and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, SEM and AFM microscopy. 24631547 0 10 with extraction 189:198 arg1 water 210:214 cold water 205:214 cold water 205:214 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 10 with extraction 189:198 arg1 water 221:225 hot water 217:225 hot water 217:225 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 10 with extraction 189:198 arg1 NaOH 237:240 1.0M NaOH 232:240 1.0M NaOH 232:240 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 11 theme cold 205:208 arg1 water 210:214 cold water 205:214 cold water 205:214 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 4 12 theme gel-filtration 607:620 arg1 chromatography 622:635 gel-filtration chromatography 607:635 gel-filtration chromatography 607:635 CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. 24631547 0 13 theme characterization 11:26 arg1 fractions 120:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 14 from activities 44:53 arg1 aurantium 86:94 Citrus aurantium 79:94 Citrus aurantium 79:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 15 theme hot 217:219 arg1 water 221:225 hot water 217:225 hot water 217:225 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 7 16 from CAL 972:974 arg1 polysaccharides 951:965 polysaccharides 951:965 polysaccharides from CAL 951:974 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 0 17 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 7 18 theme activities 1079:1088 arg1 industries 1039:1048 the medical and food industries 1018:1048 the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities 1018:1088 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 2 19 theme physicochemical 351:365 arg1 property 367:374 physicochemical property 351:374 physicochemical property 351:374 Structural characterization was conducted by physicochemical property, FTIR, and SEM analyses. 24631547 0 20 theme antioxidant 32:42 arg1 activities 44:53 antioxidant activities 32:53 antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium 32:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 21 theme Citrus 149:154 arg1 L 166:166 Citrus aurantium L 149:166 Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) 149:173 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 21 theme Citrus 149:154 arg1 CAL 170:172 CAL 170:172 CAL 170:172 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 4 22 theme ion 590:592 arg1 exchange 594:601 various ion exchange 582:601 various ion exchange 582:601 CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. 24631547 4 23 theme various 582:588 arg1 exchange 594:601 various ion exchange 582:601 various ion exchange 582:601 CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. 24631547 5 24 theme composition 696:706 arg1 analysis 708:715 composition analysis 696:715 composition analysis 696:715 Meanwhile, the purified polysaccharides were subjected to composition analysis and screened by antioxidant activity in vitro. 24631547 3 25 theme Antioxidant 401:411 arg1 activities 413:422 Antioxidant activities 401:422 Antioxidant activities in vivo and in vitro 401:443 Antioxidant activities in vivo and in vitro were also evaluated. 24631547 0 26 theme activities 44:53 arg1 fractions 120:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions 0:128 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 4 27 theme highest 489:495 arg1 activity 497:504 the highest activity 485:504 the highest activity 485:504 CALB, which showed the highest activity, was further isolated to afford four purified polysaccharides (CALB-1-4) by various ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. 24631547 0 28 theme aurantium 156:164 arg1 L 166:166 Citrus aurantium L 149:166 Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) 149:173 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 28 theme aurantium 156:164 arg1 CAL 170:172 CAL 170:172 CAL 170:172 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 29 from aurantium 86:94 arg1 polysaccharides 58:72 polysaccharides 58:72 polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium 58:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 29 from aurantium 86:94 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 29 from aurantium 86:94 arg1 activities 44:53 antioxidant activities 32:53 antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium 32:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 2 30 theme Structural 306:315 arg1 characterization 317:332 Structural characterization 306:332 Structural characterization 306:332 Structural characterization was conducted by physicochemical property, FTIR, and SEM analyses. 24631547 0 31 theme polysaccharides 58:72 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 0 31 theme polysaccharides 58:72 arg1 activities 44:53 antioxidant activities 32:53 antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium 32:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 7 32 theme food 1034:1037 arg1 industries 1039:1048 the medical and food industries 1018:1048 the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities 1018:1088 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 6 33 theme antioxidant 828:838 arg1 activity 840:847 the highest antioxidant activity 816:847 the highest antioxidant activity 816:847 Among the four purified polysaccharides, CALB-3 had the highest antioxidant activity and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, SEM and AFM microscopy. 24631547 7 34 theme potential 980:988 arg1 applications 1002:1013 potential therapeutic applications 980:1013 potential therapeutic applications 980:1013 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 5 35 theme purified 653:660 arg1 polysaccharides 662:676 the purified polysaccharides 649:676 the purified polysaccharides 649:676 Meanwhile, the purified polysaccharides were subjected to composition analysis and screened by antioxidant activity in vitro. 24631547 5 35 theme purified 653:660 arg1 Meanwhile 638:646 Meanwhile 638:646 Meanwhile 638:646 Meanwhile, the purified polysaccharides were subjected to composition analysis and screened by antioxidant activity in vitro. 24631547 6 36 theme highest 820:826 arg1 activity 840:847 the highest antioxidant activity 816:847 the highest antioxidant activity 816:847 Among the four purified polysaccharides, CALB-3 had the highest antioxidant activity and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, SEM and AFM microscopy. 24631547 2 37 dep property 367:374 arg1 analyses 391:398 analyses 391:398 analyses 391:398 Structural characterization was conducted by physicochemical property, FTIR, and SEM analyses. 24631547 7 38 theme medical 1022:1028 arg1 industries 1039:1048 the medical and food industries 1018:1048 the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities 1018:1088 Overall, these results indicated that polysaccharides from CAL had potential therapeutic applications in the medical and food industries because of their antioxidant activities. 24631547 5 39 theme antioxidant 733:743 arg1 activity 745:752 antioxidant activity 733:752 antioxidant activity 733:752 Meanwhile, the purified polysaccharides were subjected to composition analysis and screened by antioxidant activity in vitro. 24631547 6 40 contain had 812:814 arg2 activity 840:847 the highest antioxidant activity 816:847 the highest antioxidant activity 816:847 Among the four purified polysaccharides, CALB-3 had the highest antioxidant activity and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, SEM and AFM microscopy. 24631547 6 40 contain had 812:814 arg1 CALB-3 805:810 CALB-3 805:810 CALB-3 805:810 Among the four purified polysaccharides, CALB-3 had the highest antioxidant activity and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, SEM and AFM microscopy. 24631547 0 41 theme Citrus 79:84 arg1 aurantium 86:94 Citrus aurantium 79:94 Citrus aurantium 79:94 Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. Three polysaccharide fractions were obtained from Citrus aurantium L. (CAL) by sequential extraction with cold water, hot water, and 1.0M NaOH, respectively. 24631547 6 42 theme AFM 897:899 arg1 microscopy 901:910 AFM microscopy 897:910 AFM microscopy 897:910 Among the four purified polysaccharides, CALB-3 had the highest antioxidant activity and its structure was analyzed by FTIR, SEM and AFM microscopy. 24905177 1 0 theme -sodium-montmorillonite 185:207 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 5 1 theme architectural 1197:1209 arg1 variations 1211:1220 compositional as well as architectural variations 1172:1220 compositional as well as architectural variations 1172:1220 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 1 2 theme non-directionally 290:306 arg1 aerogels 315:322 non-directionally frozen aerogels 290:322 non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition 290:377 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 2 3 theme % 534:534 arg1 compositions 491:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 1 4 theme superior 397:404 arg1 functionalities 406:420 superior functionalities 397:420 superior functionalities 397:420 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 6 5 theme aerogels 1576:1583 arg1 endurance 1529:1537 heat endurance 1524:1537 heat endurance 1524:1537 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 6 5 theme aerogels 1576:1583 arg1 functions 1559:1567 shape retention functions 1543:1567 shape retention functions 1543:1567 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 1 6 theme frozen 308:313 arg1 aerogels 315:322 non-directionally frozen aerogels 290:322 non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition 290:377 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 6 7 theme shape 1543:1547 arg1 functions 1559:1567 shape retention functions 1543:1567 shape retention functions 1543:1567 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 5 8 theme applications 1283:1294 arg1 range 1274:1278 a large range 1266:1278 a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required 1266:1390 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 5 9 theme specific 1316:1323 arg1 composition 1325:1335 a specific composition 1314:1335 a specific composition 1314:1335 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 0 10 theme freeze 113:118 arg1 casting 120:126 freeze casting 113:126 freeze casting 113:126 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 24905177 2 11 theme NFC 548:550 arg1 compositions 491:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 6 12 dep endurance 1529:1537 arg1 the 1520:1522 the 1520:1522 the 1520:1522 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 1 13 theme MMT 210:212 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 2 14 theme % 546:546 arg1 NFC 548:550 1.2wt% NFC 541:550 1.2wt% NFC 541:550 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 2 15 theme 0.8wt 529:533 arg1 % 534:534 0.8wt% 529:534 0.8wt% 529:534 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 6 16 theme heat 1524:1527 arg1 endurance 1529:1537 heat endurance 1524:1537 heat endurance 1524:1537 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 5 17 theme compositional 1172:1184 arg1 variations 1211:1220 compositional as well as architectural variations 1172:1220 compositional as well as architectural variations 1172:1220 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 4 18 theme anisotropic 1089:1099 arg1 aerogels 1101:1108 the anisotropic aerogels 1085:1108 the anisotropic aerogels 1085:1108 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 0 19 theme mechanical 9:18 arg1 performance 20:30 Superior mechanical performance 0:30 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite 0:90 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 24905177 5 20 theme particular 1343:1352 arg1 morphology 1359:1368 a particular pore morphology 1341:1368 a particular pore morphology 1341:1368 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 4 21 dep 6.3kJ/m 1001:1007 arg1 to 1012:1013 to 1012:1013 to 1012:1013 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 4 21 dep 6.3kJ/m 1001:1007 arg1 3 1024:1024 3 1024:1024 3 1024:1024 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 4 21 dep 6.3kJ/m 1001:1007 arg1 24.1kJ/m 1015:1022 24.1kJ/m 1015:1022 24.1kJ/m 1015:1022 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 1 22 theme composite 215:223 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 0 23 theme Superior 0:7 arg1 performance 20:30 Superior mechanical performance 0:30 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite 0:90 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 24905177 1 24 theme equiaxed 329:336 arg1 structure 343:351 equiaxed pore structure 329:351 equiaxed pore structure 329:351 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 5 25 theme pore 1354:1357 arg1 morphology 1359:1368 a particular pore morphology 1341:1368 a particular pore morphology 1341:1368 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 3 26 theme compressive 597:607 arg1 modulus 588:594 Young׳s modulus 580:594 Young׳s modulus 580:594 Young׳s modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. 24905177 3 26 theme compressive 597:607 arg1 strength 609:616 compressive strength 597:616 compressive strength 597:616 Young׳s modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. 24905177 2 27 theme MMT 512:514 arg1 compositions 491:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 1 28 theme pore 338:341 arg1 structure 343:351 equiaxed pore structure 329:351 equiaxed pore structure 329:351 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 4 29 dep 22.9kJ/m 1054:1061 arg1 to 1066:1067 to 1066:1067 to 1066:1067 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 4 29 dep 22.9kJ/m 1054:1061 arg1 3 1078:1078 3 1078:1078 3 1078:1078 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 4 29 dep 22.9kJ/m 1054:1061 arg1 46.2kJ/m 1069:1076 46.2kJ/m 1069:1076 46.2kJ/m 1069:1076 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 0 30 dep aerogels 92:99 arg1 prepared 101:108 prepared 101:108 aerogels prepared by freeze casting 92:126 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 24905177 2 31 theme 3wt 507:509 arg1 MMT 512:514 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt% 507:526 MMT 512:514 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 2 32 theme % 510:510 arg1 MMT 512:514 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt% 507:526 MMT 512:514 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 5 33 theme properties 1130:1139 arg1 range 1121:1125 The great range 1111:1125 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, 1111:1221 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 6 34 theme gasification 1428:1439 arg1 experiments 1441:1451 gasification experiments 1428:1451 gasification experiments 1428:1451 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 2 35 theme structure-property 434:451 arg1 correlations 453:464 structure-property correlations 434:464 structure-property correlations 434:464 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 0 36 theme porous 42:47 arg1 nanocellulose-montmorillonite 62:90 highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite 35:90 highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite 35:90 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 24905177 6 37 theme mechanical 1620:1629 arg1 properties 1631:1640 the mechanical properties 1616:1640 the mechanical properties 1616:1640 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 4 38 theme yield 844:848 arg1 strength 850:857 the compressive yield strength 828:857 the compressive yield strength 828:857 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 5 39 theme large 1268:1272 arg1 range 1274:1278 a large range 1266:1278 a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required 1266:1390 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 1 40 theme honeycomb-like 241:254 arg1 structure 261:269 a honeycomb-like pore structure 239:269 a honeycomb-like pore structure 239:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 2 41 theme different 473:481 arg1 compositions 491:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 1 42 theme identical 357:365 arg1 composition 367:377 identical composition 357:377 identical composition 357:377 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 4 43 theme anisotropic 946:956 arg1 aerogels 958:965 the anisotropic aerogels 942:965 the anisotropic aerogels 942:965 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 6 44 dep 300°C 1662:1666 arg1 up 1656:1657 up 1656:1657 up 1656:1657 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 4 45 theme compressive 832:842 arg1 strength 850:857 the compressive yield strength 828:857 the compressive yield strength 828:857 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 1 46 with aerogels 315:322 arg1 structure 343:351 equiaxed pore structure 329:351 equiaxed pore structure 329:351 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 1 46 with aerogels 315:322 arg1 composition 367:377 identical composition 357:377 identical composition 357:377 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 1 47 theme pore 256:259 arg1 structure 261:269 a honeycomb-like pore structure 239:269 a honeycomb-like pore structure 239:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 2 48 theme % 526:526 arg1 compositions 491:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 3 49 theme NFC 671:673 arg1 content 675:681 NFC content 671:681 NFC content for both architectures 671:704 Young׳s modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. 24905177 0 50 dep porous 42:47 arg1 anisotropic 50:60 anisotropic 50:60 anisotropic 50:60 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 24905177 1 51 theme solidified 143:152 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 2 52 theme 0.4wt 521:525 arg1 % 526:526 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt% 507:526 % 526:526 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 1 53 with aerogels 225:232 arg1 structure 261:269 a honeycomb-like pore structure 239:269 a honeycomb-like pore structure 239:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 1 54 theme nanofibrillated 154:168 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 5 55 theme great 1115:1119 arg1 range 1121:1125 The great range 1111:1125 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, 1111:1221 The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. 24905177 6 56 theme retention 1549:1557 arg1 functions 1559:1567 shape retention functions 1543:1567 shape retention functions 1543:1567 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 6 57 theme MMT 1506:1508 arg1 inclusion 1493:1501 the inclusion 1489:1501 the inclusion of MMT 1489:1508 Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800°C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300°C. 24905177 1 58 theme cellulose 170:178 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 3 59 theme Young׳s 580:586 arg1 toughness 622:630 toughness 622:630 toughness 622:630 Young׳s modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. 24905177 3 59 theme Young׳s 580:586 arg1 modulus 588:594 Young׳s modulus 580:594 Young׳s modulus 580:594 Young׳s modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. 24905177 3 59 theme Young׳s 580:586 arg1 strength 609:616 compressive strength 597:616 compressive strength 597:616 Young׳s modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. 24905177 4 60 theme anisotropic 806:816 arg1 aerogels 818:825 the anisotropic aerogels 802:825 the anisotropic aerogels 802:825 The modulus increased from 25.8kPa to 386kPa for the isotropic and from 2.13MPa to 3.86MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3kPa to 18.0kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3kPa to 52.5kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3kJ/m(3) to 24.1kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9kJ/m(3) to 46.2kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. 24905177 1 61 contain have 392:395 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 1 61 contain have 392:395 arg2 functionalities 406:420 superior functionalities 397:420 superior functionalities 397:420 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 2 62 theme 1.2wt 541:545 arg1 NFC 548:550 1.2wt% NFC 541:550 1.2wt% NFC 541:550 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 2 63 theme aerogel 483:489 arg1 compositions 491:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 three different aerogel compositions 467:502 To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3wt% MMT, and 0.4wt%, 0.8wt%, and 1.2wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. 24905177 1 64 theme NFC 181:183 arg1 aerogels 225:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels 129:232 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure 129:269 Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. 24905177 0 65 theme nanocellulose-montmorillonite 62:90 arg1 performance 20:30 Superior mechanical performance 0:30 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite 0:90 Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting. 26876874 0 0 theme anti-tumor 67:76 arg1 activity 78:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 2 1 theme hot-water 458:466 arg1 extraction 468:477 hot-water extraction 458:477 hot-water extraction (HWE) 458:483 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 1 theme hot-water 458:466 arg1 HWE 480:482 HWE 480:482 HWE 480:482 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 2 theme cellulase-assisted 564:581 arg1 CAE 595:597 CAE 595:597 CAE 595:597 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 2 theme cellulase-assisted 564:581 arg1 extraction 583:592 cellulase-assisted extraction 564:592 cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE) 564:598 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 1 3 from activity 258:265 arg1 mycelia 320:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 2 4 theme extraction 334:343 arg1 methods 345:351 Five extraction methods 329:351 Five extraction methods 329:351 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 5 theme microwave-assisted 486:503 arg1 MAE 517:519 MAE 517:519 MAE 517:519 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 5 theme microwave-assisted 486:503 arg1 extraction 505:514 microwave-assisted extraction 486:514 microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) 486:520 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 yield 37:41 the yield 33:41 the yield 33:41 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 structure 53:61 chemical structure 44:61 chemical structure 44:61 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 activity 78:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 7 7 theme monosaccharide 1010:1023 arg1 composition 1025:1035 the same monosaccharide composition 1001:1035 the same monosaccharide composition 1001:1035 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 4 8 theme PPS 704:706 arg1 result 660:665 a result 658:665 a result 658:665 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 4 8 theme PPS 704:706 arg1 activities 682:691 the antitumor activities 668:691 the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells 668:720 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 1 9 theme antitumor 248:256 arg1 activity 258:265 antitumor activity 248:265 antitumor activity 248:265 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 6 10 theme microwave-assisted 817:834 arg1 extraction 836:845 microwave-assisted extraction 817:845 microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) 817:854 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 6 10 theme microwave-assisted 817:834 arg1 CPSMAE 848:853 CPSMAE 848:853 CPSMAE 848:853 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 6 11 theme CPS 810:812 arg1 yield 801:805 The yield 797:805 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) 797:854 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 6 11 theme CPS 810:812 arg1 highest 864:870 highest 864:870 highest 864:870 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 2 12 used used 358:361 arg2 methods 345:351 Five extraction methods 329:351 Five extraction methods 329:351 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 4 13 theme S180 711:714 arg1 cells 716:720 S180 cells 711:720 S180 cells 711:720 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 0 14 theme polysaccharides 90:104 arg1 yield 37:41 the yield 33:41 the yield 33:41 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 14 theme polysaccharides 90:104 arg1 structure 53:61 chemical structure 44:61 chemical structure 44:61 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 14 theme polysaccharides 90:104 arg1 activity 78:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 1 15 dep gunnii 301:306 arg1 gunnii 312:317 C. gunnii 309:317 C. gunnii 309:317 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 7 16 theme same 1005:1008 arg1 composition 1025:1035 the same monosaccharide composition 1001:1035 the same monosaccharide composition 1001:1035 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 6 17 theme polysaccharide 936:949 arg1 ratio 966:970 its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio 917:970 its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio 917:970 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 6 17 theme polysaccharide 936:949 arg1 largest 980:986 largest 980:986 largest 980:986 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 2 18 theme crude 374:378 arg1 CPS 397:399 CPS 397:399 CPS 397:399 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 18 theme crude 374:378 arg1 polysaccharides 380:394 crude polysaccharides 374:394 crude polysaccharides (CPS) 374:400 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 19 theme water 434:438 arg1 RWE 452:454 RWE 452:454 RWE 452:454 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 19 theme water 434:438 arg1 extraction 440:449 room-temperature water extraction 417:449 room-temperature water extraction (RWE) 417:455 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 3 20 theme CPS 650:652 arg1 purification 634:645 purification 634:645 purification of CPS 634:652 Then Sephadex G-100 was used for purification of CPS. 26876874 2 21 theme room-temperature 417:432 arg1 RWE 452:454 RWE 452:454 RWE 452:454 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 21 theme room-temperature 417:432 arg1 extraction 440:449 room-temperature water extraction 417:449 room-temperature water extraction (RWE) 417:455 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 4 22 from activities 682:691 arg1 cells 716:720 S180 cells 711:720 S180 cells 711:720 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 4 23 theme antitumor 672:680 arg1 result 660:665 a result 658:665 a result 658:665 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 4 23 theme antitumor 672:680 arg1 activities 682:691 the antitumor activities 668:691 the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells 668:720 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 0 24 theme methods 22:28 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 0:135 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 1 25 theme polysaccharides 270:284 arg1 yield 218:222 the yield 214:222 the yield 214:222 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 25 theme polysaccharides 270:284 arg1 structure 234:242 chemical structure 225:242 chemical structure 225:242 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 25 theme polysaccharides 270:284 arg1 activity 258:265 antitumor activity 248:265 antitumor activity 248:265 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 0 26 theme gunnii 121:126 arg1 mycelia 128:134 Cordyceps gunnii mycelia 111:134 Cordyceps gunnii mycelia 111:134 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 4 27 theme CPS 696:698 arg1 result 660:665 a result 658:665 a result 658:665 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 4 27 theme CPS 696:698 arg1 activities 682:691 the antitumor activities 668:691 the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells 668:720 As a result, the antitumor activities of CPS and PPS on S180 cells were evaluated. 26876874 1 28 theme different 182:190 arg1 methods 203:209 different extraction methods 182:209 different extraction methods 182:209 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 0 29 theme extraction 11:20 arg1 methods 22:28 extraction methods 11:28 extraction methods 11:28 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 30 theme Cordyceps 111:119 arg1 mycelia 128:134 Cordyceps gunnii mycelia 111:134 Cordyceps gunnii mycelia 111:134 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 3 31 theme Sephadex 606:613 arg1 G-100 615:619 Sephadex G-100 606:619 Sephadex G-100 606:619 Then Sephadex G-100 was used for purification of CPS. 26876874 1 32 theme extraction 192:201 arg1 methods 203:209 different extraction methods 182:209 different extraction methods 182:209 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 7 33 theme physicochemical 1105:1119 arg1 spectra 1238:1244 circular dichroism spectra 1219:1244 circular dichroism spectra 1219:1244 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 33 theme physicochemical 1105:1119 arg1 viscosity 1156:1164 intrinsic viscosity 1146:1164 intrinsic viscosity 1146:1164 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 33 theme physicochemical 1105:1119 arg1 characteristics 1121:1135 the physicochemical characteristics 1101:1135 the physicochemical characteristics 1101:1135 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 33 theme physicochemical 1105:1119 arg1 rotation 1176:1183 specific rotation 1167:1183 specific rotation 1167:1183 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 33 theme physicochemical 1105:1119 arg1 microscopy 1204:1213 scanning electron microscopy 1186:1213 scanning electron microscopy 1186:1213 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 1 34 theme Cordyceps 291:299 arg1 gunnii 301:306 Cordyceps gunnii 291:306 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 35 from structure 234:242 arg1 mycelia 320:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 36 theme methods 203:209 arg1 effects 171:177 the effects 167:177 the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 167:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 37 theme gunnii 301:306 arg1 mycelia 320:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 7 38 theme obvious 1048:1054 arg1 difference 1056:1065 their obvious difference 1042:1065 their obvious difference 1042:1065 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 39 theme circular 1219:1226 arg1 spectra 1238:1244 circular dichroism spectra 1219:1244 circular dichroism spectra 1219:1244 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 3 40 used used 625:628 arg2 G-100 615:619 Sephadex G-100 606:619 Sephadex G-100 606:619 Then Sephadex G-100 was used for purification of CPS. 26876874 6 41 theme anti-tumor 880:889 arg1 best 908:911 best 908:911 best 908:911 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 6 41 theme anti-tumor 880:889 arg1 activity 891:898 its anti-tumor activity 876:898 its anti-tumor activity 876:898 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 7 42 theme electron 1195:1202 arg1 microscopy 1204:1213 scanning electron microscopy 1186:1213 scanning electron microscopy 1186:1213 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 1 43 from mycelia 320:326 arg1 activity 258:265 antitumor activity 248:265 antitumor activity 248:265 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 43 from mycelia 320:326 arg1 yield 218:222 the yield 214:222 the yield 214:222 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 43 from mycelia 320:326 arg1 structure 234:242 chemical structure 225:242 chemical structure 225:242 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 43 from mycelia 320:326 arg1 polysaccharides 270:284 polysaccharides 270:284 polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 270:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 7 44 contain had 997:999 arg1 PPS 993:995 The PPS 989:995 The PPS 989:995 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 44 contain had 997:999 arg2 composition 1025:1035 the same monosaccharide composition 1001:1035 the same monosaccharide composition 1001:1035 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 2 45 theme ultrasound-assisted 523:541 arg1 UAE 555:557 UAE 555:557 UAE 555:557 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 45 theme ultrasound-assisted 523:541 arg1 extraction 543:552 ultrasound-assisted extraction 523:552 ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) 523:558 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 46 dep extract 366:372 arg1 CPS 397:399 CPS 397:399 CPS 397:399 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 2 46 dep extract 366:372 arg1 polysaccharides 380:394 crude polysaccharides 374:394 crude polysaccharides (CPS) 374:400 Five extraction methods were used to extract crude polysaccharides (CPS), which include room-temperature water extraction (RWE), hot-water extraction (HWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and cellulase-assisted extraction (CAE). 26876874 1 47 from yield 218:222 arg1 mycelia 320:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia 291:326 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 48 from effects 171:177 arg1 yield 218:222 the yield 214:222 the yield 214:222 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 48 from effects 171:177 arg1 structure 234:242 chemical structure 225:242 chemical structure 225:242 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 1 48 from effects 171:177 arg1 activity 258:265 antitumor activity 248:265 antitumor activity 248:265 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 26876874 7 49 theme scanning 1186:1193 arg1 microscopy 1204:1213 scanning electron microscopy 1186:1213 scanning electron microscopy 1186:1213 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 0 50 from mycelia 128:134 arg1 yield 37:41 the yield 33:41 the yield 33:41 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 50 from mycelia 128:134 arg1 structure 53:61 chemical structure 44:61 chemical structure 44:61 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 0 50 from mycelia 128:134 arg1 activity 78:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 anti-tumor activity 67:85 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 7 51 theme dichroism 1228:1236 arg1 spectra 1238:1244 circular dichroism spectra 1219:1244 circular dichroism spectra 1219:1244 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 52 theme specific 1167:1174 arg1 rotation 1176:1183 specific rotation 1167:1183 specific rotation 1167:1183 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 7 53 theme intrinsic 1146:1154 arg1 viscosity 1156:1164 intrinsic viscosity 1146:1164 intrinsic viscosity 1146:1164 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 6 54 theme macromolecular 921:934 arg1 3000-1000kDa 952:963 3000-1000kDa 952:963 3000-1000kDa 952:963 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 6 54 theme macromolecular 921:934 arg1 polysaccharide 936:949 its macromolecular polysaccharide 917:949 its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio 917:970 The yield of CPS by microwave-assisted extraction (CPSMAE) was the highest and its anti-tumor activity was the best and its macromolecular polysaccharide (3000-1000kDa) ratio was the largest. 26876874 0 55 theme chemical 44:51 arg1 structure 53:61 chemical structure 44:61 chemical structure 44:61 Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia. 26876874 5 56 theme purified 751:758 arg1 PPS 777:779 PPS 777:779 PPS 777:779 Five CPS and purified polysaccharides (PPS) were obtained. 26876874 5 56 theme purified 751:758 arg1 polysaccharides 760:774 purified polysaccharides 751:774 purified polysaccharides (PPS) 751:780 Five CPS and purified polysaccharides (PPS) were obtained. 26876874 7 57 theme antitumor 1078:1086 arg1 activity 1088:1095 the antitumor activity 1074:1095 the antitumor activity 1074:1095 The PPS had the same monosaccharide composition, but their obvious difference was in the antitumor activity and the physicochemical characteristics, such as intrinsic viscosity, specific rotation, scanning electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectra. 26876874 1 58 theme chemical 225:232 arg1 structure 234:242 chemical structure 225:242 chemical structure 225:242 This study was to investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antitumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) mycelia. 28407380 6 0 theme mannosidase 1235:1245 arg1 I 1247:1247 functional mannosidase I 1224:1247 functional mannosidase I 1224:1247 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 3 1 theme altered 534:540 arg1 patterns 551:558 altered N-glycan patterns 534:558 altered N-glycan patterns 534:558 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 9 2 theme glycoproteins 1845:1857 arg1 production 1831:1840 biopharmaceutical production 1813:1840 biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1813:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 3 3 theme mass 580:583 arg1 spectrometry 585:596 mass spectrometry 580:596 mass spectrometry 580:596 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 5 4 theme glycoproteins 995:1007 arg1 convicilin 962:971 the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 942:973 the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 942:973 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 5 4 theme glycoproteins 995:1007 arg1 one 979:981 one 979:981 one 979:981 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 5 4 theme glycoproteins 995:1007 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 the main glycoproteins 986:1007 the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants 986:1073 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 9 5 theme relative 1870:1877 arg1 features 1926:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 6 6 theme relative 1330:1337 arg1 composition 1347:1357 the relative protein composition 1326:1357 the relative protein composition 1326:1357 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 1 7 gly glycoproteins 205:217 arg1 glycoproteins 205:217 glycoproteins 205:217 glycoproteins 205:217 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 5 8 theme Mass 904:907 arg1 spectrometry 909:920 Mass spectrometry 904:920 Mass spectrometry 904:920 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 6 9 theme functional 1224:1233 arg1 I 1247:1247 functional mannosidase I 1224:1247 functional mannosidase I 1224:1247 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 1 10 theme diverse 184:190 arg1 functions 192:200 the diverse functions 180:200 the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development 180:249 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 2 11 from activity 375:382 arg1 machinery 470:478 the glycosylation machinery 452:478 the glycosylation machinery 452:478 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 2 12 theme insertion 339:347 arg1 each 358:361 each 358:361 each 358:361 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 2 12 theme insertion 339:347 arg1 mutants 349:355 Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants 318:355 Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants 318:355 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 6 13 theme functional 1094:1103 arg1 importance 1105:1114 the functional importance 1090:1114 the functional importance of glycosylation 1090:1131 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 9 14 theme N-glycosylation 1910:1924 arg1 features 1926:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 2 15 theme Lotus 318:322 arg1 each 358:361 each 358:361 each 358:361 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 2 15 theme Lotus 318:322 arg1 mutants 349:355 Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants 318:355 Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants 318:355 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 5 16 gly expression/N-glycosylation 1033:1058 arg1 mutants 1067:1073 the mutants 1063:1073 the mutants 1063:1073 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 4 17 attach derived 804:810 arg2 proteins 795:802 proteins 795:802 proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 795:860 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 4 17 attach derived 804:810 arg1 mutant 855:860 the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 817:860 the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 817:860 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 5 18 theme Lotus 946:950 arg1 convicilin 962:971 the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 942:973 the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 942:973 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 5 18 theme Lotus 946:950 arg1 one 979:981 one 979:981 one 979:981 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 5 18 theme Lotus 946:950 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 the main glycoproteins 986:1007 the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants 986:1073 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 8 19 theme valuable 1642:1649 arg1 tool 1651:1654 a valuable tool 1640:1654 a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants 1640:1727 This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. 28407380 8 19 theme valuable 1642:1649 arg1 platform 1617:1624 This platform 1612:1624 This platform 1612:1624 This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. 28407380 1 20 from functions 192:200 arg1 development 239:249 development 239:249 development 239:249 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 1 20 from functions 192:200 arg1 growth 228:233 plant growth 222:233 plant growth 222:233 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 6 21 theme seed 1153:1156 arg1 production 1158:1167 seed production 1153:1167 seed production 1153:1167 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 4 22 theme spectrometry 738:749 arg1 experiments 770:780 both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments 728:780 both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments 728:780 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 3 23 theme null 673:676 arg1 mutations 678:686 null mutations 673:686 null mutations in the target glyco-genes 673:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 1 24 theme fundamental 155:165 arg1 questions 167:175 fundamental questions 155:175 fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development 155:249 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 6 25 theme growth 1142:1147 arg1 phenotypes 1169:1178 reduced growth and seed production phenotypes 1134:1178 reduced growth and seed production phenotypes 1134:1178 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 0 26 from mutants 20:26 arg1 japonicus 37:45 Lotus japonicus 31:45 Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research 31:89 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 4 27 theme immunoblotting 755:768 arg1 experiments 770:780 both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments 728:780 both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments 728:780 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 0 28 theme glycoprotein 69:80 arg1 research 82:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 7 29 gly glycoprotein 1481:1492 arg1 glycoprotein 1481:1492 resulting glycoprotein profiles 1471:1501 resulting glycoprotein profiles 1471:1501 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 1 30 from questions 167:175 arg1 functions 192:200 the diverse functions 180:200 the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development 180:249 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 5 31 theme main 990:993 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 the main glycoproteins 986:1007 the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants 986:1073 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 4 32 theme Lj3fuct 846:852 arg1 mutant 855:860 the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 817:860 the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 817:860 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 8 33 theme protein 1695:1701 arg1 N-glycosylation 1703:1717 protein N-glycosylation 1695:1717 protein N-glycosylation 1695:1717 This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. 28407380 7 34 theme phenotypes 1529:1538 arg1 strength 1398:1405 The strength 1394:1405 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1394:1444 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 7 34 theme phenotypes 1529:1538 arg1 spectrum 1459:1466 the broad spectrum 1449:1466 the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1449:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 0 35 theme N-glycan 0:7 arg1 mutants 20:26 N-glycan maturation mutants 0:26 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 0:90 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 7 36 theme altered 1507:1513 arg1 phenotypes 1529:1538 altered physiological phenotypes 1507:1538 altered physiological phenotypes 1507:1538 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 4 37 theme α1,3-fucosyltransferase 821:843 arg1 mutant 855:860 the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 817:860 the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant 817:860 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 1 38 theme protein 103:109 arg1 N-glycosylation 111:125 protein N-glycosylation 103:125 protein N-glycosylation 103:125 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 7 39 theme profiles 1494:1501 arg1 strength 1398:1405 The strength 1394:1405 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1394:1444 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 7 39 theme profiles 1494:1501 arg1 spectrum 1459:1466 the broad spectrum 1449:1466 the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1449:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 3 40 from identification 655:668 arg1 glyco-genes 702:712 the target glyco-genes 691:712 the target glyco-genes 691:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 2 41 theme normal 422:427 arg1 maturation 438:447 normal N-glycan maturation 422:447 normal N-glycan maturation 422:447 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 0 42 theme Lotus 31:35 arg1 japonicus 37:45 Lotus japonicus 31:45 Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research 31:89 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 7 43 theme resulting 1471:1479 arg1 profiles 1494:1501 resulting glycoprotein profiles 1471:1501 resulting glycoprotein profiles 1471:1501 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 3 44 theme target 695:700 arg1 glyco-genes 702:712 the target glyco-genes 691:712 the target glyco-genes 691:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 8 45 from role 1687:1690 arg1 plants 1722:1727 plants 1722:1727 plants 1722:1727 This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. 28407380 3 46 theme genes 516:520 arg1 inactivation 485:496 The inactivation 481:496 The inactivation of the individual genes 481:520 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 9 47 theme plant 1790:1794 arg1 lines 1803:1807 stable plant mutant lines 1783:1807 stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1783:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 6 48 theme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1250:1280 arg1 I 1282:1282 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 1250:1282 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I 1250:1282 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 3 49 theme N-glycan 542:549 arg1 patterns 551:558 altered N-glycan patterns 534:558 altered N-glycan patterns 534:558 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 9 50 gly glycoproteins 1845:1857 arg1 glycoproteins 1845:1857 glycoproteins 1845:1857 glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1845:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 9 51 theme biopharmaceutical 1813:1829 arg1 production 1831:1840 biopharmaceutical production 1813:1840 biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1813:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 7 52 theme platform 1437:1444 arg1 strength 1398:1405 The strength 1394:1405 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1394:1444 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 7 52 theme platform 1437:1444 arg1 spectrum 1459:1466 the broad spectrum 1449:1466 the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1449:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 9 53 used used 1766:1769 arg2 technology 1748:1757 this technology 1743:1757 this technology 1743:1757 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 7 54 theme N-glycosylation 1414:1428 arg1 platform 1437:1444 our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1410:1444 our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1410:1444 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 2 55 theme mutants 349:355 arg1 collection 304:313 a comprehensive collection 288:313 a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery 288:478 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 6 56 theme protein 1339:1345 arg1 composition 1347:1357 the relative protein composition 1326:1357 the relative protein composition 1326:1357 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 3 57 from glyco-genes 702:712 arg1 identification 655:668 successful identification 644:668 successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes 644:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 2 58 theme comprehensive 290:302 arg1 collection 304:313 a comprehensive collection 288:313 a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery 288:478 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 5 59 theme japonicus 952:960 arg1 convicilin 962:971 the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 942:973 the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 942:973 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 5 59 theme japonicus 952:960 arg1 one 979:981 one 979:981 one 979:981 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 5 59 theme japonicus 952:960 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 the main glycoproteins 986:1007 the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants 986:1073 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 9 60 theme homogeneous 1879:1889 arg1 features 1926:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 3 61 theme glycan-recognising 602:619 arg1 antibodies 621:630 glycan-recognising antibodies 602:630 glycan-recognising antibodies 602:630 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 9 62 theme mammalian-like 1895:1908 arg1 features 1926:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1870:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 7 63 theme quadruple 1593:1601 arg1 mutants 1603:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 2 64 theme japonicusLORE1 324:337 arg1 each 358:361 each 358:361 each 358:361 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 2 64 theme japonicusLORE1 324:337 arg1 mutants 349:355 Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants 318:355 Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants 318:355 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 1 65 theme glycoproteins 205:217 arg1 functions 192:200 the diverse functions 180:200 the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development 180:249 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 5 66 gly glycoproteins 995:1007 arg1 glycoproteins 995:1007 the main glycoproteins 986:1007 the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants 986:1073 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 7 67 theme triple 1582:1587 arg1 mutants 1603:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 3 68 theme successful 644:653 arg1 identification 655:668 successful identification 644:668 successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes 644:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 1 69 theme plant 222:226 arg1 growth 228:233 plant growth 222:233 plant growth 222:233 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 7 70 theme double 1574:1579 arg1 mutants 1603:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 1 71 theme N-glycosylation 111:125 arg1 Studies 92:98 Studies 92:98 Studies of protein N-glycosylation 92:125 Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. 28407380 7 72 theme single 1566:1571 arg1 mutants 1603:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1566:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 3 73 theme mutations 678:686 arg1 identification 655:668 successful identification 644:668 successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes 644:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 5 74 theme differential 1020:1031 arg1 expression/N-glycosylation 1033:1058 differential expression/N-glycosylation 1020:1058 differential expression/N-glycosylation 1020:1058 Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. 28407380 6 75 theme production 1158:1167 arg1 phenotypes 1169:1178 reduced growth and seed production phenotypes 1134:1178 reduced growth and seed production phenotypes 1134:1178 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 0 76 theme applied 61:67 arg1 research 82:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 8 77 theme functional 1676:1685 arg1 role 1687:1690 the functional role 1672:1690 the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants 1672:1727 This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. 28407380 4 78 theme mass 733:736 arg1 spectrometry 738:749 mass spectrometry 733:749 mass spectrometry 733:749 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 6 79 theme reduced 1134:1140 arg1 growth 1142:1147 reduced growth 1134:1147 reduced growth 1134:1147 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 6 80 theme glycosylation 1119:1131 arg1 importance 1105:1114 the functional importance 1090:1114 the functional importance of glycosylation 1090:1131 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 8 81 theme N-glycosylation 1703:1717 arg1 role 1687:1690 the functional role 1672:1690 the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants 1672:1727 This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. 28407380 0 82 gly glycoprotein 69:80 arg1 glycoprotein 69:80 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 7 83 theme physiological 1515:1527 arg1 phenotypes 1529:1538 altered physiological phenotypes 1507:1538 altered physiological phenotypes 1507:1538 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 3 84 from mutations 678:686 arg1 glyco-genes 702:712 the target glyco-genes 691:712 the target glyco-genes 691:712 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 2 85 theme enzymes 401:407 arg1 enzymes 401:407 the 12 enzymes 394:407 the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation 394:447 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 2 85 theme enzymes 401:407 arg1 one 387:389 one 387:389 one 387:389 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 0 86 theme maturation 9:18 arg1 mutants 20:26 N-glycan maturation mutants 0:26 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 0:90 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 6 87 theme mutant 1202:1207 arg1 plants 1209:1214 the mutant plants 1198:1214 the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase 1198:1311 Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. 28407380 2 88 theme glycosylation 456:468 arg1 machinery 470:478 the glycosylation machinery 452:478 the glycosylation machinery 452:478 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 7 89 theme glycoprotein 1481:1492 arg1 profiles 1494:1501 resulting glycoprotein profiles 1471:1501 resulting glycoprotein profiles 1471:1501 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 2 90 theme N-glycan 429:436 arg1 maturation 438:447 normal N-glycan maturation 422:447 normal N-glycan maturation 422:447 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28407380 0 91 theme basic 51:55 arg1 research 82:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 basic and applied glycoprotein research 51:89 N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. 28407380 9 92 theme stable 1783:1788 arg1 lines 1803:1807 stable plant mutant lines 1783:1807 stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1783:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 7 93 theme broad 1453:1457 arg1 strength 1398:1405 The strength 1394:1405 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1394:1444 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 7 93 theme broad 1453:1457 arg1 spectrum 1459:1466 the broad spectrum 1449:1466 the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants 1449:1609 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 9 94 theme mutant 1796:1801 arg1 lines 1803:1807 stable plant mutant lines 1783:1807 stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features 1783:1933 Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features. 28407380 3 95 theme individual 505:514 arg1 genes 516:520 the individual genes 501:520 the individual genes 501:520 The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. 28407380 7 96 theme mutant 1430:1435 arg1 platform 1437:1444 our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1410:1444 our N-glycosylation mutant platform 1410:1444 The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. 28407380 4 97 theme α1,3-core 880:888 arg1 fucosylation 890:901 α1,3-core fucosylation 880:901 α1,3-core fucosylation 880:901 For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. 28407380 2 98 theme one 387:389 arg1 activity 375:382 the activity 371:382 the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery 371:478 Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. 28106535 5 0 from tests 1020:1024 arg1 DMA 1029:1031 DMA 1029:1031 DMA 1029:1031 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 1 theme mechanical 1092:1101 arg1 properties 1103:1112 mechanical properties 1092:1112 mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1092:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 2 theme BAG 658:660 arg1 addition 663:670 the bioactive glass (BAG) addition 637:670 the bioactive glass (BAG) addition 637:670 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 5 3 theme properties 1103:1112 arg1 characterization 1072:1087 the characterization 1068:1087 the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1068:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 4 theme uniaxial 846:853 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 4 theme uniaxial 846:853 arg1 compression 866:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 6 5 theme elastic 1377:1383 arg1 modulus 1385:1391 the elastic modulus 1373:1391 the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1373:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 4 6 theme SAOS 914:917 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 6 theme SAOS 914:917 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 5 7 theme best 1054:1057 arg1 ways 1059:1062 the best ways 1050:1062 the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1050:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 7 theme best 1054:1057 arg1 tests 1020:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests 968:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA 968:1031 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 8 theme monotonic 836:844 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 8 theme monotonic 836:844 arg1 compression 866:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 9 theme mechanical 941:950 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 9 theme mechanical 941:950 arg1 DMA 962:964 DMA 962:964 DMA 962:964 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 9 theme mechanical 941:950 arg1 analysis 952:959 dynamic mechanical analysis 933:959 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 933:965 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 10 theme viscoelastic 675:686 arg1 properties 688:697 viscoelastic properties 675:697 viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel 675:723 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 11 dep techniques 780:789 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 11 dep techniques 780:789 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 11 dep techniques 780:789 arg1 DMA 962:964 DMA 962:964 DMA 962:964 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 11 dep techniques 780:789 arg1 analysis 952:959 dynamic mechanical analysis 933:959 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 933:965 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 11 dep techniques 780:789 arg1 compression 866:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 3 12 theme complex 515:521 arg1 properties 536:545 complex viscoelastic properties 515:545 complex viscoelastic properties 515:545 They exhibit complex viscoelastic properties, which can be evaluated in various ways. 28106535 4 13 theme bioactive 641:649 arg1 addition 663:670 the bioactive glass (BAG) addition 637:670 the bioactive glass (BAG) addition 637:670 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 2 14 theme bioactive 395:403 arg1 glass 405:409 bioactive glass 395:409 bioactive glass 395:409 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 7 15 theme GG 1472:1473 arg1 hydrogel 1475:1482 the GG hydrogel 1468:1482 the GG hydrogel 1468:1482 The Young's modulus of 6.6 ± 0.8 kPa for the GG hydrogel increased by two orders of magnitude after the addition of 2 wt. 28106535 3 16 theme viscoelastic 523:534 arg1 properties 536:545 complex viscoelastic properties 515:545 complex viscoelastic properties 515:545 They exhibit complex viscoelastic properties, which can be evaluated in various ways. 28106535 7 17 theme magnitude 1511:1519 arg1 orders 1501:1506 two orders 1497:1506 two orders of magnitude 1497:1519 The Young's modulus of 6.6 ± 0.8 kPa for the GG hydrogel increased by two orders of magnitude after the addition of 2 wt. 28106535 2 18 theme acquired 432:439 arg1 bioactivity 441:451 the acquired bioactivity 428:451 the acquired bioactivity 428:451 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 6 19 theme hydrogel 1417:1424 arg1 modulus 1385:1391 the elastic modulus 1373:1391 the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1373:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 2 20 theme mechanical 479:488 arg1 properties 490:499 improved mechanical properties 470:499 improved mechanical properties 470:499 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 4 21 from effect 627:632 arg1 properties 688:697 viscoelastic properties 675:697 viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel 675:723 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 1 22 theme crucial 208:214 arg1 importance 216:225 crucial importance 208:225 crucial importance 208:225 Along with biocompatibility, bioinductivity and appropriate biodegradation, mechanical properties are also of crucial importance for tissue engineering scaffolds. 28106535 0 23 theme Viscoelastic 0:11 arg1 behaviour 13:21 Viscoelastic behaviour 0:21 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 0:96 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 28106535 7 24 theme wt 1545:1546 arg1 addition 1531:1538 the addition 1527:1538 the addition of 2 wt 1527:1546 The Young's modulus of 6.6 ± 0.8 kPa for the GG hydrogel increased by two orders of magnitude after the addition of 2 wt. 28106535 5 25 theme volumetric 1250:1259 arg1 changes 1261:1267 volumetric changes 1250:1267 volumetric changes 1250:1267 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 2 26 theme particles 379:387 arg1 incorporation 352:364 the incorporation 348:364 the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass 348:409 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 0 27 theme hydrogel-based 26:39 arg1 composites 41:50 hydrogel-based composites 26:50 hydrogel-based composites 26:50 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 28106535 4 28 theme oscillatory 895:905 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 28 theme oscillatory 895:905 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 5 29 theme dynamic 994:1000 arg1 tests 1020:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests 968:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA 968:1031 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 29 theme dynamic 994:1000 arg1 ways 1059:1062 the best ways 1050:1062 the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1050:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 2 30 theme soft 309:312 arg1 gum 287:289 gellan gum 280:289 gellan gum (GG) 280:294 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 2 30 theme soft 309:312 arg1 materials 314:322 soft materials 309:322 soft materials 309:322 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 2 30 theme soft 309:312 arg1 Hydrogels 261:269 Hydrogels 261:269 Hydrogels 261:269 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 6 31 from effect 1340:1345 arg1 modulus 1385:1391 the elastic modulus 1373:1391 the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1373:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 5 32 theme SAOS 1150:1153 arg1 useful 1172:1177 useful 1172:1177 useful 1172:1177 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 32 theme SAOS 1150:1153 arg1 rheology 1155:1162 the SAOS rheology 1146:1162 the SAOS rheology 1146:1162 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 33 theme amplitude 885:893 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 33 theme amplitude 885:893 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 7 34 theme kPa 1460:1462 arg1 modulus 1439:1445 The Young's modulus 1427:1445 The Young's modulus of 6.6 ± 0.8 kPa for the GG hydrogel 1427:1482 The Young's modulus of 6.6 ± 0.8 kPa for the GG hydrogel increased by two orders of magnitude after the addition of 2 wt. 28106535 4 35 theme composite 706:714 arg1 hydrogel 716:723 the composite hydrogel 702:723 the composite hydrogel 702:723 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 1 36 theme tissue 231:236 arg1 scaffolds 250:258 tissue engineering scaffolds 231:258 tissue engineering scaffolds 231:258 Along with biocompatibility, bioinductivity and appropriate biodegradation, mechanical properties are also of crucial importance for tissue engineering scaffolds. 28106535 6 37 theme nano 1355:1358 arg1 particles 1360:1368 BAG (nano)particles 1350:1368 BAG (nano)particles 1350:1368 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 5 38 theme high 1282:1285 arg1 strains 1287:1293 very high strains 1277:1293 very high strains 1277:1293 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 8 39 theme % 1548:1548 arg1 particles 1554:1562 % BAG particles 1548:1562 % BAG particles (500-800 kPa) 1548:1576 % BAG particles (500-800 kPa). 28106535 8 39 theme % 1548:1548 arg1 kPa 1573:1575 500-800 kPa 1565:1575 500-800 kPa 1565:1575 % BAG particles (500-800 kPa). 28106535 4 40 theme used 775:778 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 40 theme used 775:778 arg1 analysis 952:959 dynamic mechanical analysis 933:959 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 933:965 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 40 theme used 775:778 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 40 theme used 775:778 arg1 compression 866:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 1 41 theme engineering 238:248 arg1 scaffolds 250:258 tissue engineering scaffolds 231:258 tissue engineering scaffolds 231:258 Along with biocompatibility, bioinductivity and appropriate biodegradation, mechanical properties are also of crucial importance for tissue engineering scaffolds. 28106535 0 42 theme composites 41:50 arg1 behaviour 13:21 Viscoelastic behaviour 0:21 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 0:96 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 28106535 6 43 theme beneficial 1329:1338 arg1 effect 1340:1345 a beneficial effect 1327:1345 a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1327:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 4 44 theme shear 907:911 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 44 theme shear 907:911 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 2 45 dep glass 405:409 arg1 e.g. 390:393 e.g. 390:393 e.g. 390:393 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 6 46 theme BAG 1350:1352 arg1 particles 1360:1368 BAG (nano)particles 1350:1368 BAG (nano)particles 1350:1368 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 5 47 theme hydrogel 1117:1124 arg1 composites 1126:1135 hydrogel composites 1117:1135 hydrogel composites 1117:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 48 theme dynamic 933:939 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 48 theme dynamic 933:939 arg1 DMA 962:964 DMA 962:964 DMA 962:964 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 48 theme dynamic 933:939 arg1 analysis 952:959 dynamic mechanical analysis 933:959 dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) 933:965 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 5 49 theme amplitude 984:992 arg1 tests 1020:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests 968:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA 968:1031 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 49 theme amplitude 984:992 arg1 ways 1059:1062 the best ways 1050:1062 the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1050:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 0 50 theme tissue 56:61 arg1 engineering 63:73 tissue engineering 56:73 tissue engineering under mechanical load 56:95 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 28106535 5 51 theme composites 1126:1135 arg1 properties 1103:1112 mechanical properties 1092:1112 mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1092:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 52 theme unconfined 855:864 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 52 theme unconfined 855:864 arg1 compression 866:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression 836:876 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 5 53 theme strain-controlled 1002:1018 arg1 tests 1020:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests 968:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA 968:1031 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 53 theme strain-controlled 1002:1018 arg1 ways 1059:1062 the best ways 1050:1062 the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1050:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 3 54 theme various 574:580 arg1 ways 582:585 various ways 574:585 various ways 574:585 They exhibit complex viscoelastic properties, which can be evaluated in various ways. 28106535 4 55 theme addition 663:670 arg1 effect 627:632 the effect 623:632 the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel 623:723 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 8 56 theme BAG 1550:1552 arg1 particles 1554:1562 % BAG particles 1548:1562 % BAG particles (500-800 kPa) 1548:1576 % BAG particles (500-800 kPa). 28106535 8 56 theme BAG 1550:1552 arg1 kPa 1573:1575 500-800 kPa 1565:1575 500-800 kPa 1565:1575 % BAG particles (500-800 kPa). 28106535 4 57 theme small 879:883 arg1 rheology 920:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology 879:927 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 4 57 theme small 879:883 arg1 techniques 780:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 the three most commonly used techniques 751:789 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 5 58 theme small 978:982 arg1 amplitude 984:992 small amplitude 978:992 small amplitude 978:992 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 4 59 theme glass 651:655 arg1 addition 663:670 the bioactive glass (BAG) addition 637:670 the bioactive glass (BAG) addition 637:670 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 1 60 theme appropriate 146:156 arg1 biodegradation 158:171 appropriate biodegradation 146:171 appropriate biodegradation 146:171 Along with biocompatibility, bioinductivity and appropriate biodegradation, mechanical properties are also of crucial importance for tissue engineering scaffolds. 28106535 4 61 theme hydrogel 716:723 arg1 properties 688:697 viscoelastic properties 675:697 viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel 675:723 In this work, to reliably evaluate the effect of the bioactive glass (BAG) addition on viscoelastic properties of the composite hydrogel, we employed and compared the three most commonly used techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations: monotonic uniaxial unconfined compression, small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) rheology and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). 28106535 2 62 dep materials 314:322 arg1 benefit 335:341 benefit 335:341 benefit 335:341 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 6 63 theme composite 1407:1415 arg1 hydrogel 1417:1424 the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1396:1424 the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1396:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 0 64 theme mechanical 81:90 arg1 load 92:95 mechanical load 81:95 mechanical load 81:95 Viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogel-based composites for tissue engineering under mechanical load. 28106535 6 65 theme particles 1360:1368 arg1 effect 1340:1345 a beneficial effect 1327:1345 a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1327:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 2 66 theme gellan 280:285 arg1 GG 292:293 GG 292:293 GG 292:293 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 2 66 theme gellan 280:285 arg1 gum 287:289 gellan gum 280:289 gellan gum (GG) 280:294 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 2 67 theme inorganic 369:377 arg1 particles 379:387 inorganic particles 369:387 inorganic particles 369:387 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 6 68 theme GG-BAG 1400:1405 arg1 hydrogel 1417:1424 the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1396:1424 the GG-BAG composite hydrogel 1396:1424 Overall, the results confirmed a beneficial effect of BAG (nano)particles on the elastic modulus of the GG-BAG composite hydrogel. 28106535 2 69 theme improved 470:477 arg1 properties 490:499 improved mechanical properties 470:499 improved mechanical properties 470:499 Hydrogels, such as gellan gum (GG), are usually soft materials, which may benefit from the incorporation of inorganic particles, e.g. bioactive glass, not only due to the acquired bioactivity, but also due to improved mechanical properties. 28106535 5 70 theme Creep 968:972 arg1 tests 1020:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests 968:1024 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA 968:1031 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 70 theme Creep 968:972 arg1 ways 1059:1062 the best ways 1050:1062 the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites 1050:1135 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 1 71 theme mechanical 174:183 arg1 properties 185:194 mechanical properties 174:194 mechanical properties 174:194 Along with biocompatibility, bioinductivity and appropriate biodegradation, mechanical properties are also of crucial importance for tissue engineering scaffolds. 28106535 5 72 theme processing 1207:1216 arg1 kinetics 1218:1225 the hydrogel's processing kinetics 1192:1225 the hydrogel's processing kinetics 1192:1225 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 28106535 5 73 dep suggested 1037:1045 arg1 whereas 1138:1144 whereas 1138:1144 whereas 1138:1144 Creep and small amplitude dynamic strain-controlled tests in DMA are suggested as the best ways for the characterization of mechanical properties of hydrogel composites, whereas the SAOS rheology is more useful for studying the hydrogel's processing kinetics, as it does not induce volumetric changes even at very high strains. 27213369 0 0 theme hodgsonii 94:102 arg1 Polysaccharides 104:118 Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides 84:118 Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides 84:118 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 4 1 theme ¹H 763:764 arg1 spectroscopy 799:810 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 0 2 theme Ligularia 84:92 arg1 Polysaccharides 104:118 Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides 84:118 Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides 84:118 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 7 3 theme α-amylase 1462:1470 arg1 inhibition 1430:1439 differential inhibition 1417:1439 differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase 1417:1470 Moreover, it exhibited appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity as demonstrated by differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 27213369 1 4 theme Ligularia 200:208 arg1 polysaccharides 220:234 Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 200:234 Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 200:234 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 8 5 theme antioxidant 1541:1551 arg1 agents 1570:1575 antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents 1541:1575 antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents 1541:1575 The results indicated that DLHP could potentially be a resource for antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents. 27213369 5 6 theme glucuronic 1040:1049 arg1 acid 1051:1054 glucuronic acid 1040:1054 glucuronic acid 1040:1054 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 2 7 theme temperature 398:408 arg1 h 395:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 7 theme temperature 398:408 arg1 °C 413:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 6 8 theme radicals 1289:1296 arg1 ability 1326:1332 hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability 1280:1332 hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability 1280:1332 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 2 9 dep h 395:395 arg1 ratio 436:440 material ratio 36 427:443 material ratio 36 427:443 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 4 10 theme laser 664:668 arg1 light-scattering 670:685 multi-angle laser light-scattering 652:685 multi-angle laser light-scattering 652:685 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 0 11 theme Polysaccharides 104:118 arg1 Bioactivities 58:70 Bioactivities 58:70 Bioactivities 58:70 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 0 11 theme Polysaccharides 104:118 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 0 11 theme Polysaccharides 104:118 arg1 Characterization 37:52 Preliminary Characterization 25:52 Preliminary Characterization 25:52 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 5 12 theme × 959:959 arg1 Da 965:966 1.17 × 10⁵ Da 954:966 1.17 × 10⁵ Da 954:966 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 4 13 theme resonance 783:791 arg1 spectroscopy 799:810 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 3 14 dep herb 576:579 arg1 mg/g 565:568 mg/g 565:568 mg/g 565:568 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 6 15 theme in 1082:1083 arg1 assays 1112:1117 in vitro antioxidant activity assays 1082:1117 in vitro antioxidant activity assays 1082:1117 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 6 16 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic 1229:1261 arg1 2,2'-azinobis 1214:1226 2,2'-azinobis 1214:1226 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) 1214:1274 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 6 16 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic 1229:1261 arg1 acid 1263:1266 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1229:1266 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1229:1266 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 5 17 theme molecular 934:942 arg1 weight 944:949 a weight-average molecular weight 917:949 a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 917:1076 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 1 18 theme hodgsonii 210:218 arg1 polysaccharides 220:234 Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 200:234 Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 200:234 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 4 19 theme multi-angle 652:662 arg1 light-scattering 670:685 multi-angle laser light-scattering 652:685 multi-angle laser light-scattering 652:685 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 5 20 theme 10⁵ 961:963 arg1 Da 965:966 1.17 × 10⁵ Da 954:966 1.17 × 10⁵ Da 954:966 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 6 21 theme chelating 1316:1324 arg1 ability 1326:1332 hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability 1280:1332 hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability 1280:1332 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 2 22 theme extraction 329:338 arg1 follows 368:374 follows 368:374 follows 368:374 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 22 theme extraction 329:338 arg1 conditions 340:349 the optimum extraction conditions 317:349 the optimum extraction conditions 317:349 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 1 23 theme polysaccharides 220:234 arg1 bioactivities 183:195 bioactivities 183:195 bioactivities 183:195 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 1 23 theme polysaccharides 220:234 arg1 extraction 138:147 The optimization extraction 121:147 The optimization extraction 121:147 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 1 23 theme polysaccharides 220:234 arg1 characterization 162:177 preliminary characterization 150:177 preliminary characterization 150:177 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 6 24 theme ions 1311:1314 arg1 ability 1326:1332 hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability 1280:1332 hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability 1280:1332 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 2 25 theme extraction 377:386 arg1 h 395:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 25 theme extraction 377:386 arg1 water/raw 417:425 water/raw 417:425 water/raw 417:425 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 25 theme extraction 377:386 arg1 °C 413:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 26 theme material 427:434 arg1 ratio 436:440 material ratio 36 427:443 material ratio 36 427:443 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 0 27 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 6 28 theme ferrous 1303:1309 arg1 ions 1311:1314 ferrous ions 1303:1314 ferrous ions 1303:1314 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 7 29 theme α-glucosidase 1444:1456 arg1 inhibition 1430:1439 differential inhibition 1417:1439 differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase 1417:1470 Moreover, it exhibited appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity as demonstrated by differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 27213369 4 30 theme infrared 742:749 arg1 spectroscopy 799:810 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 0 31 theme Preliminary 25:35 arg1 Characterization 37:52 Preliminary Characterization 25:52 Preliminary Characterization 25:52 Extraction Optimization, Preliminary Characterization and Bioactivities in Vitro of Ligularia hodgsonii Polysaccharides. 27213369 3 32 dep mg/g 565:568 arg1 1.4 561:563 1.4 561:563 1.4 561:563 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 3 33 theme hodgsonii 521:529 arg1 polysaccharides 531:545 the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 498:545 the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb) 498:580 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 7 34 theme appreciable 1358:1368 arg1 activity 1389:1396 appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity 1358:1396 appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity 1358:1396 Moreover, it exhibited appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity as demonstrated by differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 27213369 5 35 contain have 889:892 arg1 DLHP 871:874 DLHP 871:874 DLHP 871:874 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 5 35 contain have 889:892 arg2 component 902:910 a major component 894:910 a major component 894:910 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 1 36 theme optimization 125:136 arg1 extraction 138:147 The optimization extraction 121:147 The optimization extraction 121:147 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 5 37 theme major 896:900 arg1 component 902:910 a major component 894:910 a major component 894:910 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 3 38 theme Sevag 454:458 arg1 deproteinization 460:475 Further Sevag deproteinization 446:475 Further Sevag deproteinization 446:475 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 4 39 theme size-exclusion 607:620 arg1 chromatography 622:635 size-exclusion chromatography 607:635 size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering 607:685 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 2 40 theme array 305:309 arg1 test 311:314 orthogonal array test 294:314 orthogonal array test 294:314 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 6 41 theme antioxidant 1091:1101 arg1 assays 1112:1117 in vitro antioxidant activity assays 1082:1117 in vitro antioxidant activity assays 1082:1117 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 3 42 theme dialyzed 502:509 arg1 polysaccharides 531:545 the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 498:545 the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb) 498:580 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 6 43 theme activity 1103:1110 arg1 assays 1112:1117 in vitro antioxidant activity assays 1082:1117 in vitro antioxidant activity assays 1082:1117 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 8 44 theme hypoglycemic 1557:1568 arg1 agents 1570:1575 antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents 1541:1575 antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents 1541:1575 The results indicated that DLHP could potentially be a resource for antioxidant and hypoglycemic agents. 27213369 2 45 theme orthogonal 294:303 arg1 test 311:314 orthogonal array test 294:314 orthogonal array test 294:314 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 3 46 theme Ligularia 511:519 arg1 polysaccharides 531:545 the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides 498:545 the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb) 498:580 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 5 47 theme galacturonic 1060:1071 arg1 acid 1073:1076 galacturonic acid 1060:1076 galacturonic acid 1060:1076 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 2 48 dep follows 368:374 arg1 h 395:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 48 dep follows 368:374 arg1 water/raw 417:425 water/raw 417:425 water/raw 417:425 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 48 dep follows 368:374 arg1 °C 413:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 3 49 theme Further 446:452 arg1 deproteinization 460:475 Further Sevag deproteinization 446:475 Further Sevag deproteinization 446:475 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 4 50 theme Compositional 583:595 arg1 analysis 597:604 Compositional analysis 583:604 Compositional analysis 583:604 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 2 51 theme single-factor 264:276 arg1 experiments 278:288 single-factor experiments 264:288 single-factor experiments 264:288 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 6 52 theme hydroxyl 1280:1287 arg1 radicals 1289:1296 hydroxyl radicals 1280:1296 hydroxyl radicals 1280:1296 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 7 53 theme differential 1417:1428 arg1 inhibition 1430:1439 differential inhibition 1417:1439 differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase 1417:1470 Moreover, it exhibited appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity as demonstrated by differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 27213369 4 54 theme nuclear 766:772 arg1 NMR 794:796 NMR 794:796 NMR 794:796 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 54 theme nuclear 766:772 arg1 resonance 783:791 nuclear magnetic resonance 766:791 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 55 dep Fourier 724:730 arg1 transform 732:740 transform 732:740 transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 732:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 56 theme magnetic 774:781 arg1 NMR 794:796 NMR 794:796 NMR 794:796 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 56 theme magnetic 774:781 arg1 resonance 783:791 nuclear magnetic resonance 766:791 infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 742:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 57 theme polysaccharides 854:868 arg1 characterization 830:845 characterization 830:845 characterization of the polysaccharides 830:868 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 2 58 theme optimum 321:327 arg1 follows 368:374 follows 368:374 follows 368:374 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 58 theme optimum 321:327 arg1 conditions 340:349 the optimum extraction conditions 317:349 the optimum extraction conditions 317:349 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 1 59 theme preliminary 150:160 arg1 characterization 162:177 preliminary characterization 150:177 preliminary characterization 150:177 The optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and bioactivities of Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides were investigated. 27213369 6 60 dep in 1082:1083 arg1 vitro 1085:1089 vitro 1085:1089 vitro 1085:1089 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 5 61 theme Da 965:966 arg1 weight 944:949 a weight-average molecular weight 917:949 a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 917:1076 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 4 62 dep infrared 742:749 arg1 FT-IR 752:756 FT-IR 752:756 FT-IR 752:756 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 2 63 theme time 388:391 arg1 h 395:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 extraction time 3 h 377:395 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 63 theme time 388:391 arg1 water/raw 417:425 water/raw 417:425 water/raw 417:425 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 2 63 theme time 388:391 arg1 °C 413:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 temperature 85 °C 398:414 Based on single-factor experiments and orthogonal array test, the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows: extraction time 3 h, temperature 85 °C, water/raw material ratio 36. 27213369 6 64 theme remarkable 1135:1144 arg1 capacities 1157:1166 remarkable scavenging capacities 1135:1166 remarkable scavenging capacities 1135:1166 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 7 65 theme anti-hyperglycemic 1370:1387 arg1 activity 1389:1396 appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity 1358:1396 appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity 1358:1396 Moreover, it exhibited appreciable anti-hyperglycemic activity as demonstrated by differential inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. 27213369 6 66 theme scavenging 1146:1155 arg1 capacities 1157:1166 remarkable scavenging capacities 1135:1166 remarkable scavenging capacities 1135:1166 By in vitro antioxidant activity assays, DLHP presented remarkable scavenging capacities towards 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals, and ferrous ions chelating ability. 27213369 5 67 theme weight-average 919:932 arg1 weight 944:949 a weight-average molecular weight 917:949 a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid 917:1076 DLHP was found to have a major component with a weight-average molecular weight of 1.17 × 10⁵ Da, mainly comprising of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 27213369 3 68 dep polysaccharides 531:545 arg1 herb 576:579 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb 554:579 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb 554:579 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 3 68 dep polysaccharides 531:545 arg1 DLHP 548:551 DLHP 548:551 DLHP 548:551 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 3 69 theme crude 570:574 arg1 herb 576:579 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb 554:579 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb 554:579 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 3 69 theme crude 570:574 arg1 DLHP 548:551 DLHP 548:551 DLHP 548:551 Further Sevag deproteinization and dialysis yielded the dialyzed Ligularia hodgsonii polysaccharides (DLHP, 19.2 ± 1.4 mg/g crude herb). 27213369 4 70 theme refractive 691:700 arg1 SEC-MALLS-RI 709:720 SEC-MALLS-RI 709:720 SEC-MALLS-RI 709:720 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 70 theme refractive 691:700 arg1 Fourier 724:730 Fourier 724:730 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 724:810 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27213369 4 70 theme refractive 691:700 arg1 index 702:706 refractive index 691:706 refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI) 691:721 Compositional analysis, size-exclusion chromatography connected with multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed for characterization of the polysaccharides. 27129881 0 0 theme Astragalus 97:106 arg1 polysaccharides 108:122 Astragalus polysaccharides 97:122 Astragalus polysaccharides 97:122 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 5 1 theme different 796:804 arg1 concentration 806:818 different concentration 796:818 different concentration of ethanol 796:829 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 4 2 theme lymphocytes 719:729 arg1 proliferation 731:743 spleen lymphocytes proliferation 712:743 spleen lymphocytes proliferation 712:743 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS was evaluated by the experiment of spleen lymphocytes proliferation in vitro. 27129881 9 3 theme immunobiologic 1321:1334 arg1 assay 1345:1349 immunobiologic activity assay 1321:1349 immunobiologic activity assay 1321:1349 The result of immunobiologic activity assay showed that both APS2 and APS3 can effectively stimulate normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 27129881 10 4 from 6.25 μg/mL 1534:1543 arg1 tendency 1520:1527 dose dependent tendency 1505:1527 dose dependent tendency from 6.25 μg/mL to 800 μg/mL 1505:1556 Apart from this, the effect of APS2 also showed dose dependent tendency from 6.25 μg/mL to 800 μg/mL. 27129881 6 5 theme molecular 953:961 arg1 257.7 kDa 988:996 257.7 kDa 988:996 257.7 kDa 988:996 The molecular weights of four APS were 257.7 kDa, 40.1 kDa, 15.3 kDa and 3.2 kDa. 27129881 6 5 theme molecular 953:961 arg1 weights 963:969 The molecular weights 949:969 The molecular weights of four APS 949:981 The molecular weights of four APS were 257.7 kDa, 40.1 kDa, 15.3 kDa and 3.2 kDa. 27129881 10 6 theme APS2 1488:1491 arg1 effect 1478:1483 the effect 1474:1483 the effect of APS2 1474:1491 Apart from this, the effect of APS2 also showed dose dependent tendency from 6.25 μg/mL to 800 μg/mL. 27129881 3 7 theme monosaccharide 500:513 arg1 composition 515:525 their monosaccharide composition 494:525 their monosaccharide composition 494:525 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 11 8 theme molecular 1667:1675 arg1 weight 1677:1682 their molecular weight 1661:1682 their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa 1661:1711 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 2 9 theme sugar 332:336 arg1 content 338:344 The total sugar content 322:344 The total sugar content 322:344 The total sugar content was measured by sulfuric acid-phenol method. 27129881 3 10 theme reversed-phase 543:556 arg1 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 10 theme reversed-phase 543:556 arg1 chromatography 582:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 543:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 543:602 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 11 theme liquid 575:580 arg1 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 11 theme liquid 575:580 arg1 chromatography 582:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 543:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 543:602 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 0 12 theme polysaccharides 108:122 arg1 weight 31:36 molecular weight 21:36 molecular weight 21:36 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 0 12 theme polysaccharides 108:122 arg1 composition 54:64 monosaccharide composition 39:64 monosaccharide composition 39:64 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 0 12 theme polysaccharides 108:122 arg1 activity 85:92 immunobiologic activity 70:92 immunobiologic activity 70:92 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 1 13 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 polysaccharides 141:155 Four Astragalus polysaccharides 125:155 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) 125:167 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 1 13 attach isolated 174:181 arg1 extract 198:204 the water extract 188:204 the water extract of Radix Astragali 188:223 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 1 13 attach isolated 174:181 arg2 APS1-APS4 158:166 APS1-APS4 158:166 APS1-APS4 158:166 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 3 14 theme high 558:561 arg1 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 14 theme high 558:561 arg1 chromatography 582:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 543:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 543:602 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 5 15 theme higher 879:884 arg1 concentration 886:898 the higher concentration 875:898 the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS 875:946 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 5 15 theme higher 879:884 arg1 APS 870:872 different molecular weight APS 843:872 different molecular weight APS 843:872 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 4 16 theme spleen 712:717 arg1 lymphocytes 719:729 spleen lymphocytes 712:729 spleen lymphocytes proliferation 712:743 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS was evaluated by the experiment of spleen lymphocytes proliferation in vitro. 27129881 9 17 theme activity 1336:1343 arg1 assay 1345:1349 immunobiologic activity assay 1321:1349 immunobiologic activity assay 1321:1349 The result of immunobiologic activity assay showed that both APS2 and APS3 can effectively stimulate normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 27129881 8 18 theme 1:10.76:6.55:12 1279:1293 arg1 ratio 1270:1274 a molar ratio 1262:1274 a molar ratio of 1:10.76:6.55:12 and 3.02:1 1262:1304 APS3 consisted of rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose and APS4 consisted of galactose and arabinose, in a molar ratio of 1:10.76:6.55:12 and 3.02:1. 27129881 1 19 theme water 192:196 arg1 extract 198:204 the water extract 188:204 the water extract of Radix Astragali 188:223 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 9 20 theme assay 1345:1349 arg1 result 1311:1316 The result 1307:1316 The result of immunobiologic activity assay 1307:1349 The result of immunobiologic activity assay showed that both APS2 and APS3 can effectively stimulate normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 27129881 3 21 theme molecular 397:405 arg1 weight 407:412 Their molecular weight 391:412 Their molecular weight 391:412 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 2 22 theme acid-phenol 371:381 arg1 method 383:388 sulfuric acid-phenol method 362:388 sulfuric acid-phenol method 362:388 The total sugar content was measured by sulfuric acid-phenol method. 27129881 5 23 theme different 843:851 arg1 weight 863:868 different molecular weight 843:868 different molecular weight APS 843:872 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 2 24 theme sulfuric 362:369 arg1 method 383:388 sulfuric acid-phenol method 362:388 sulfuric acid-phenol method 362:388 The total sugar content was measured by sulfuric acid-phenol method. 27129881 5 25 theme molecular 853:861 arg1 weight 863:868 different molecular weight 843:868 different molecular weight APS 843:872 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 5 26 theme ethanol 903:909 arg1 concentration 886:898 the higher concentration 875:898 the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS 875:946 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 5 26 theme ethanol 903:909 arg1 APS 870:872 different molecular weight APS 843:872 different molecular weight APS 843:872 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 5 27 theme smaller 915:921 arg1 weight 933:938 the smaller molecular weight 911:938 ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS 903:946 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 5 28 theme weight 863:868 arg1 concentration 886:898 the higher concentration 875:898 the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS 875:946 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 5 28 theme weight 863:868 arg1 APS 870:872 different molecular weight APS 843:872 different molecular weight APS 843:872 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 11 29 theme research 1578:1585 arg1 result 1563:1568 The result 1559:1568 The result of this research 1559:1585 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 3 30 theme performance 563:573 arg1 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 HPLC 598:601 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 30 theme performance 563:573 arg1 chromatography 582:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography 543:595 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 543:602 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 31 theme permeation 456:465 arg1 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 31 theme permeation 456:465 arg1 chromatography 467:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography 435:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 435:488 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 0 32 theme molecular 21:29 arg1 weight 31:36 molecular weight 21:36 molecular weight 21:36 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 10 33 theme dependent 1510:1518 arg1 tendency 1520:1527 dose dependent tendency 1505:1527 dose dependent tendency from 6.25 μg/mL to 800 μg/mL 1505:1556 Apart from this, the effect of APS2 also showed dose dependent tendency from 6.25 μg/mL to 800 μg/mL. 27129881 1 34 theme Astragalus 130:139 arg1 APS1-APS4 158:166 APS1-APS4 158:166 APS1-APS4 158:166 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 1 34 theme Astragalus 130:139 arg1 polysaccharides 141:155 Four Astragalus polysaccharides 125:155 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) 125:167 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 4 35 theme immunobiologic 646:659 arg1 activity 661:668 Then the immunobiologic activity 637:668 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS 637:675 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS was evaluated by the experiment of spleen lymphocytes proliferation in vitro. 27129881 0 36 theme monosaccharide 39:52 arg1 composition 54:64 monosaccharide composition 39:64 monosaccharide composition 39:64 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 4 37 theme APS 673:675 arg1 activity 661:668 Then the immunobiologic activity 637:668 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS 637:675 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS was evaluated by the experiment of spleen lymphocytes proliferation in vitro. 27129881 8 38 theme molar 1264:1268 arg1 ratio 1270:1274 a molar ratio 1262:1274 a molar ratio of 1:10.76:6.55:12 and 3.02:1 1262:1304 APS3 consisted of rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose and APS4 consisted of galactose and arabinose, in a molar ratio of 1:10.76:6.55:12 and 3.02:1. 27129881 3 39 theme performance 440:450 arg1 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 39 theme performance 440:450 arg1 chromatography 467:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography 435:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 435:488 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 5 40 theme ethanol 823:829 arg1 concentration 806:818 different concentration 796:818 different concentration of ethanol 796:829 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 1 41 theme 80  294:296 arg1 % 297:297 % 297:297 % 297:297 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 8 42 theme 3.02:1 1299:1304 arg1 ratio 1270:1274 a molar ratio 1262:1274 a molar ratio of 1:10.76:6.55:12 and 3.02:1 1262:1304 APS3 consisted of rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose and APS4 consisted of galactose and arabinose, in a molar ratio of 1:10.76:6.55:12 and 3.02:1. 27129881 3 43 theme pre-column 610:619 arg1 derivatization 621:634 pre-column derivatization 610:634 pre-column derivatization 610:634 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 44 theme gel 452:454 arg1 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 44 theme gel 452:454 arg1 chromatography 467:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography 435:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 435:488 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 1 45 theme % 297:297 arg1 ethanol 299:305 80 % ethanol 294:305 80 % ethanol 294:305 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 11 46 theme significant 1748:1758 arg1 activity 1767:1774 significant immune activity 1748:1774 significant immune activity 1748:1774 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 2 47 theme total 326:330 arg1 content 338:344 The total sugar content 322:344 The total sugar content 322:344 The total sugar content was measured by sulfuric acid-phenol method. 27129881 11 48 dep 40.1 kDa 1704:1711 arg1 to 1701:1702 to 1701:1702 to 1701:1702 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 5 49 dep ethanol 903:909 arg1 weight 933:938 the smaller molecular weight 911:938 ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS 903:946 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 7 50 theme Monosaccharide 1031:1044 arg1 analysis 1058:1065 Monosaccharide composition analysis 1031:1065 Monosaccharide composition analysis 1031:1065 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that APS1 consisted of glucose only, and APS2 all consisted of arabinose. 27129881 4 51 theme proliferation 731:743 arg1 experiment 698:707 the experiment 694:707 the experiment of spleen lymphocytes proliferation 694:743 Then the immunobiologic activity of APS was evaluated by the experiment of spleen lymphocytes proliferation in vitro. 27129881 7 52 theme composition 1046:1056 arg1 analysis 1058:1065 Monosaccharide composition analysis 1031:1065 Monosaccharide composition analysis 1031:1065 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that APS1 consisted of glucose only, and APS2 all consisted of arabinose. 27129881 11 53 theme Astragalus 1602:1611 arg1 polysaccharides 1613:1627 Astragalus polysaccharides 1602:1627 Astragalus polysaccharides 1602:1627 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 1 54 theme ethanol 246:252 arg1 precipitation 254:266 ethanol precipitation 246:266 ethanol precipitation 246:266 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 11 55 contain had 1744:1746 arg1 polysaccharides 1613:1627 Astragalus polysaccharides 1602:1627 Astragalus polysaccharides 1602:1627 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 11 55 contain had 1744:1746 arg2 activity 1767:1774 significant immune activity 1748:1774 significant immune activity 1748:1774 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 9 56 theme spleen 1415:1420 arg1 proliferation 1433:1445 normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation 1408:1445 normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation 1408:1445 The result of immunobiologic activity assay showed that both APS2 and APS3 can effectively stimulate normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 27129881 1 57 theme Astragali 215:223 arg1 extract 198:204 the water extract 188:204 the water extract of Radix Astragali 188:223 Four Astragalus polysaccharides (APS1-APS4) were isolated from the water extract of Radix Astragali and purified through ethanol precipitation with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % ethanol, respectively. 27129881 5 58 theme molecular 923:931 arg1 weight 933:938 the smaller molecular weight 911:938 ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS 903:946 The data suggested that precipitation by different concentration of ethanol will obtain different molecular weight APS, the higher concentration of ethanol the smaller molecular weight for APS. 27129881 3 59 theme high 435:438 arg1 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 HPGPC 483:487 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 3 59 theme high 435:438 arg1 chromatography 467:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography 435:480 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 435:488 Their molecular weight was determined using high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and their monosaccharide composition was analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after pre-column derivatization. 27129881 9 60 theme lymphocyte 1422:1431 arg1 proliferation 1433:1445 normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation 1408:1445 normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation 1408:1445 The result of immunobiologic activity assay showed that both APS2 and APS3 can effectively stimulate normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 27129881 0 61 theme immunobiologic 70:83 arg1 activity 85:92 immunobiologic activity 70:92 immunobiologic activity 70:92 Relationship between molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and immunobiologic activity of Astragalus polysaccharides. 27129881 11 62 theme immune 1760:1765 arg1 activity 1767:1774 significant immune activity 1748:1774 significant immune activity 1748:1774 The result of this research indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides, which consist of arabinose and their molecular weight between 15.2 kDa to 40.1 kDa, neither too high nor too low, had significant immune activity. 27129881 9 63 theme normal 1408:1413 arg1 proliferation 1433:1445 normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation 1408:1445 normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation 1408:1445 The result of immunobiologic activity assay showed that both APS2 and APS3 can effectively stimulate normal spleen lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. 27129881 6 64 theme APS 979:981 arg1 257.7 kDa 988:996 257.7 kDa 988:996 257.7 kDa 988:996 The molecular weights of four APS were 257.7 kDa, 40.1 kDa, 15.3 kDa and 3.2 kDa. 27129881 6 64 theme APS 979:981 arg1 weights 963:969 The molecular weights 949:969 The molecular weights of four APS 949:981 The molecular weights of four APS were 257.7 kDa, 40.1 kDa, 15.3 kDa and 3.2 kDa. 27684966 0 0 theme brown 109:113 arg1 vinegar 120:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 4 1 theme RAW 705:707 arg1 cells 726:730 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 705:730 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 705:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 4 2 theme macrophage 715:724 arg1 cells 726:730 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 705:730 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 705:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 0 3 theme Korean 102:107 arg1 vinegar 120:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 5 4 theme intestinal 989:998 arg1 fluid 1000:1004 intestinal fluid 989:1004 intestinal fluid 989:1004 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 4 5 theme small 841:845 arg1 barrier 858:864 the small intestinal barrier 837:864 the small intestinal barrier 837:864 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 4 6 theme Caco-2 779:784 arg1 cells 786:790 Caco-2 cells 779:790 Caco-2 cells 779:790 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 4 7 theme intestinal 677:686 arg1 cells 695:699 intestinal Caco-2 cells 677:699 intestinal Caco-2 cells 677:699 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 0 8 theme rice 115:118 arg1 vinegar 120:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 1 9 theme diverse 144:150 arg1 activities 181:190 diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities 144:190 diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities 144:190 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 4 10 theme in 647:648 arg1 system 667:672 an in vitro co-culture system 644:672 an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 644:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 3 11 theme transforming 555:566 arg1 factor-β 575:582 transforming growth factor-β 555:582 transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 555:590 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 3 11 theme transforming 555:566 arg1 TGF-β 585:589 TGF-β 585:589 TGF-β 585:589 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 5 12 theme IgA 937:939 arg1 production 941:950 the IgA production 933:950 the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract 933:1022 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 3 13 theme A 488:488 arg1 productions 458:468 the productions 454:468 the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 454:590 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 4 14 theme intestinal 847:856 arg1 barrier 858:864 the small intestinal barrier 837:864 the small intestinal barrier 837:864 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 3 15 theme growth 568:573 arg1 factor-β 575:582 transforming growth factor-β 555:582 transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 555:590 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 3 15 theme growth 568:573 arg1 TGF-β 585:589 TGF-β 585:589 TGF-β 585:589 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 6 16 theme cytokines 1068:1076 arg1 production 1042:1051 the production 1038:1051 the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1038:1153 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 0 17 theme immunostimulatory 11:27 arg1 activity 29:36 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity 0:36 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide 0:62 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 5 18 from production 941:950 arg1 fluid 1000:1004 intestinal fluid 989:1004 intestinal fluid 989:1004 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 5 18 from production 941:950 arg1 extract 1016:1022 fecal extract 1010:1022 fecal extract 1010:1022 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 2 19 theme neutral 361:367 arg1 units 375:379 neutral sugar units 361:379 neutral sugar units 361:379 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. 27684966 6 20 theme IgA-related 1056:1066 arg1 IL-6 1096:1099 IL-6 1096:1099 IL-6 1096:1099 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 6 20 theme IgA-related 1056:1066 arg1 cytokines 1068:1076 IgA-related cytokines 1056:1076 IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1056:1153 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 6 20 theme IgA-related 1056:1066 arg1 factor 1148:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 6 20 theme IgA-related 1056:1066 arg1 TGF-β 1086:1090 TGF-β 1086:1090 TGF-β 1086:1090 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 4 21 theme cells 695:699 arg1 system 667:672 an in vitro co-culture system 644:672 an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 644:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 0 22 theme Intestinal 0:9 arg1 activity 29:36 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity 0:36 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide 0:62 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 3 23 theme immunoglobulin 473:486 arg1 A 488:488 immunoglobulin A 473:488 immunoglobulin A (IgA) 473:494 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 3 23 theme immunoglobulin 473:486 arg1 IgA 491:493 IgA 491:493 IgA 491:493 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 5 24 dep KBV-CP 890:895 arg1 day 909:911 every other day 897:911 KBV-CP every other day 890:911 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 5 25 theme patch 963:967 arg1 cells 969:973 Peyer's patch cells 955:973 Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract 955:1022 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 3 26 theme IgA-related 500:510 arg1 factor-β 575:582 transforming growth factor-β 555:582 transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 555:590 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 3 26 theme IgA-related 500:510 arg1 cytokines 512:520 IgA-related cytokines 500:520 IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 500:590 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 3 26 theme IgA-related 500:510 arg1 interleukin-6 530:542 interleukin-6 530:542 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 530:549 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 0 27 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 activity 29:36 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity 0:36 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide 0:62 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 6 28 theme granulocyte 1106:1116 arg1 factor 1148:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 5 29 theme fecal 1010:1014 arg1 extract 1016:1022 fecal extract 1010:1022 fecal extract 1010:1022 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 4 30 theme Caco-2 688:693 arg1 cells 695:699 intestinal Caco-2 cells 677:699 intestinal Caco-2 cells 677:699 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 4 31 theme system 667:672 arg1 results 633:639 results 633:639 results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 633:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 0 32 theme neutral 41:47 arg1 polysaccharide 49:62 neutral polysaccharide 41:62 neutral polysaccharide 41:62 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 5 33 theme KBV-CP 890:895 arg1 administration 872:885 Oral administration 867:885 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days 867:923 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 5 34 theme Oral 867:870 arg1 administration 872:885 Oral administration 867:885 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days 867:923 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 4 35 theme co-culture 656:665 arg1 system 667:672 an in vitro co-culture system 644:672 an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 644:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 5 36 theme other 903:907 arg1 day 909:911 every other day 897:911 KBV-CP every other day 890:911 Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer's patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. 27684966 3 37 theme dose-dependent 597:610 arg1 manner 612:617 a dose-dependent manner 595:617 a dose-dependent manner 595:617 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 6 38 theme macrophage 1118:1127 arg1 factor 1148:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 4 39 dep in 647:648 arg1 vitro 650:654 vitro 650:654 vitro 650:654 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 4 40 theme cells 726:730 arg1 system 667:672 an in vitro co-culture system 644:672 an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 644:730 Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. 27684966 3 41 theme cytokines 512:520 arg1 productions 458:468 the productions 454:468 the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 454:590 In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. 27684966 1 42 theme Korean 253:258 arg1 vinegar 271:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 2 43 theme composition 295:305 arg1 analysis 307:314 Monosaccharide composition analysis 280:314 Monosaccharide composition analysis 280:314 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. 27684966 2 44 theme sugar 369:373 arg1 units 375:379 neutral sugar units 361:379 neutral sugar units 361:379 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. 27684966 1 45 theme brown 260:264 arg1 vinegar 271:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 0 46 theme fermented 92:100 arg1 vinegar 120:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar 78:126 Intestinal immunostimulatory activity of neutral polysaccharide isolated from traditionally fermented Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 1 47 attach isolated 239:246 arg1 vinegar 271:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 1 47 attach isolated 239:246 arg2 KBV-CP 231:236 KBV-CP 231:236 KBV-CP 231:236 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 1 47 attach isolated 239:246 arg2 polysaccharides 214:228 polysaccharides 214:228 polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar 214:277 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 2 48 theme Monosaccharide 280:293 arg1 analysis 307:314 Monosaccharide composition analysis 280:314 Monosaccharide composition analysis 280:314 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. 27684966 1 49 theme intestinal 152:161 arg1 activities 181:190 diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities 144:190 diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities 144:190 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 1 50 theme rice 266:269 arg1 vinegar 271:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 Korean brown rice vinegar 253:277 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 27684966 6 51 theme colony-stimulating 1129:1146 arg1 factor 1148:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1106:1153 In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 27684966 1 52 theme immunostimulatory 163:179 arg1 activities 181:190 diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities 144:190 diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities 144:190 In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. 29152974 5 0 dep present 955:961 arg1 II 948:949 II 948:949 II 948:949 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 3 1 from chitosan 642:649 arg1 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 1 from chitosan 642:649 arg1 nanoparticles 594:606 copper oxide nanoparticles 581:606 copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 581:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 8 2 theme nitrogen 1641:1648 arg1 atoms 1650:1654 nitrogen atoms 1641:1654 nitrogen atoms 1641:1654 These data suggest that Cu(II) initially binds substrate via nitrogen atoms, from which CuONPs develop through aggregation of copper. 29152974 10 3 theme antibacterial 2063:2075 arg1 activity 2077:2084 the antibacterial activity 2059:2084 the antibacterial activity 2059:2084 Expectedly, the antibacterial activity was found to be correlated with the CuONPs content in the composites. 29152974 3 4 theme copper 581:586 arg1 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 4 theme copper 581:586 arg1 nanoparticles 594:606 copper oxide nanoparticles 581:606 copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 581:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 1 5 theme bactericidal 191:202 arg1 activity 204:211 bactericidal activity 191:211 bactericidal activity 191:211 Copper in various forms has been known to have bactericidal activity. 29152974 3 6 theme liquid 435:440 arg1 chloride 467:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 6 theme liquid 435:440 arg1 solvent 483:489 the solvent 479:489 the solvent 479:489 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 0 7 from Chitosan 70:77 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 7 from Chitosan 70:77 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 7 from Chitosan 70:77 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 7 from Chitosan 70:77 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 4 8 theme Spectroscopy 682:693 arg1 results 707:713 Spectroscopy and imaging results 682:713 Spectroscopy and imaging results 682:713 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 5 9 theme Electron 862:869 arg1 EPR 895:897 EPR 895:897 EPR 895:897 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 5 9 theme Electron 862:869 arg1 resonance 884:892 Electron paramagnetic resonance 862:892 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 862:898 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 7 10 theme spin 1511:1514 arg1 states 1516:1521 S > 0 spin states 1505:1521 S > 0 spin states 1505:1521 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 4 11 theme nm 858:859 arg1 size 843:846 size 843:846 size of 22 ± 1 nm 843:859 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 7 12 from phase 1472:1476 arg1 inaccessible 1544:1555 inaccessible 1544:1555 inaccessible 1544:1555 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 7 12 from phase 1472:1476 arg1 CuONPs 1488:1493 larger CuONPs 1481:1493 larger CuONPs 1481:1493 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 9 13 theme excellent 1739:1747 arg1 activity 1763:1770 excellent antimicrobial activity 1739:1770 excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans 1739:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 4 14 theme imaging 699:705 arg1 results 707:713 Spectroscopy and imaging results 682:713 Spectroscopy and imaging results 682:713 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 8 15 theme copper 1706:1711 arg1 aggregation 1691:1701 aggregation 1691:1701 aggregation of copper 1691:1711 These data suggest that Cu(II) initially binds substrate via nitrogen atoms, from which CuONPs develop through aggregation of copper. 29152974 7 16 theme > 1507:1507 arg1 states 1516:1521 S > 0 spin states 1505:1521 S > 0 spin states 1505:1521 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 7 17 theme copper 1387:1392 arg1 levels 1371:1376 higher levels 1364:1376 higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg) 1364:1406 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 11 18 theme human 2306:2310 arg1 fibroblasts 2312:2322 human fibroblasts 2306:2322 human fibroblasts 2306:2322 More importantly, at CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower, bactericidal activity of the composite was complemented by its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. 29152974 11 19 with biocompatibility 2284:2299 arg1 fibroblasts 2312:2322 human fibroblasts 2306:2322 human fibroblasts 2306:2322 More importantly, at CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower, bactericidal activity of the composite was complemented by its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. 29152974 0 20 theme Facile 80:85 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 20 theme Facile 80:85 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 1 21 from Copper 144:149 arg1 forms 162:166 various forms 154:166 various forms 154:166 Copper in various forms has been known to have bactericidal activity. 29152974 7 22 theme larger 1481:1486 arg1 CuONPs 1488:1493 larger CuONPs 1481:1493 larger CuONPs 1481:1493 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 7 23 theme higher 1364:1369 arg1 levels 1371:1376 higher levels 1364:1376 higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg) 1364:1406 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 0 24 from Cellulose 56:64 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 24 from Cellulose 56:64 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 24 from Cellulose 56:64 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 24 from Cellulose 56:64 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 agalactiae 1959:1968 Streptococcus agalactiae 1945:1968 Streptococcus agalactiae 1945:1968 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 maltophilia 2012:2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1995:2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1995:2022 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 aureus 1863:1868 Staphylococcus aureus 1848:1868 Staphylococcus aureus 1848:1868 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 coli 1939:1942 highly resistant Escherichia coli 1910:1942 highly resistant Escherichia coli 1910:1942 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 aeruginosa 1983:1992 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1971:1992 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1971:1992 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 Enterococcus 1892:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 albicans 2037:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 25 theme bacteria 1796:1803 arg1 range 1787:1791 a wide range 1780:1791 a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans 1780:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 6 26 theme remaining 1207:1215 arg1 % 1219:1219 The remaining 75% 1203:1219 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) 1203:1244 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 26 theme remaining 1207:1215 arg1 Cu 1239:1240 EPR-detectable Cu 1224:1240 EPR-detectable Cu(II) 1224:1244 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 26 theme remaining 1207:1215 arg1 II 1242:1243 II 1242:1243 II 1242:1243 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 agalactiae 1959:1968 Streptococcus agalactiae 1945:1968 Streptococcus agalactiae 1945:1968 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 maltophilia 2012:2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1995:2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1995:2022 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 aureus 1863:1868 Staphylococcus aureus 1848:1868 Staphylococcus aureus 1848:1868 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 coli 1939:1942 highly resistant Escherichia coli 1910:1942 highly resistant Escherichia coli 1910:1942 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 aeruginosa 1983:1992 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1971:1992 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1971:1992 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 Enterococcus 1892:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 albicans 2037:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 27 theme fungi 1809:1813 arg1 range 1787:1791 a wide range 1780:1791 a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans 1780:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 3 28 theme ionic 429:433 arg1 chloride 467:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 28 theme ionic 429:433 arg1 solvent 483:489 the solvent 479:489 the solvent 479:489 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 0 29 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 29 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 29 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 29 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 3 30 contain containing 570:579 arg2 nanoparticles 594:606 copper oxide nanoparticles 581:606 copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 581:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 30 contain containing 570:579 arg1 composites 559:568 biocompatible composites 545:568 biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 545:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 30 contain containing 570:579 arg2 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 0 31 theme Oxide 21:25 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 31 theme Oxide 21:25 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 31 theme Oxide 21:25 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 31 theme Oxide 21:25 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 6 32 theme extensive 1256:1264 arg1 interactions 1276:1287 extensive spin-spin interactions 1256:1287 extensive spin-spin interactions 1256:1287 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 33 from Cu 1328:1329 arg1 surface 1342:1348 the surface 1338:1348 the surface of CuONPs 1338:1358 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 34 from Cu 1306:1307 arg1 surface 1342:1348 the surface 1338:1348 the surface of CuONPs 1338:1358 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 7 35 from inaccessible 1544:1555 arg1 phase 1472:1476 an additional phase 1458:1476 an additional phase 1458:1476 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 1 36 contain have 186:189 arg2 activity 204:211 bactericidal activity 191:211 bactericidal activity 191:211 Copper in various forms has been known to have bactericidal activity. 29152974 1 36 contain have 186:189 arg1 Copper 144:149 Copper 144:149 Copper in various forms 144:166 Copper in various forms has been known to have bactericidal activity. 29152974 3 37 theme green 518:522 arg1 method 524:529 a facile and green method 505:529 a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 505:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 5 38 theme Cu 945:946 arg1 Cu 945:946 the EPR-detectable Cu 926:946 the EPR-detectable Cu 926:946 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 5 38 theme Cu 945:946 arg1 % 921:921 some 25% 914:921 some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu 914:946 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 3 39 from CEL 659:661 arg1 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 39 from CEL 659:661 arg1 nanoparticles 594:606 copper oxide nanoparticles 581:606 copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 581:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 40 theme facile 507:512 arg1 method 524:529 a facile and green method 505:529 a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 505:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 5 41 theme unique 1078:1083 arg1 conformation 1104:1115 a unique spatially oriented conformation 1076:1115 a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite 1076:1200 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 3 42 theme biocompatible 545:557 arg1 composites 559:568 biocompatible composites 545:568 biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 545:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 5 43 theme oriented 1095:1102 arg1 conformation 1104:1115 a unique spatially oriented conformation 1076:1115 a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite 1076:1200 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 7 44 theme S 1505:1505 arg1 states 1516:1521 S > 0 spin states 1505:1521 S > 0 spin states 1505:1521 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 2 45 theme copper 283:288 arg1 mobilization 263:274 mobilization 263:274 mobilization of the copper 263:288 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 29152974 2 45 theme copper 283:288 arg1 bioincompatibility 339:356 bioincompatibility 339:356 bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization 339:411 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 29152974 6 46 theme CuONPs 1353:1358 arg1 surface 1342:1348 the surface 1338:1348 the surface of CuONPs 1338:1358 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 10 47 theme CuONPs 2122:2127 arg1 content 2129:2135 the CuONPs content 2118:2135 the CuONPs content in the composites 2118:2153 Expectedly, the antibacterial activity was found to be correlated with the CuONPs content in the composites. 29152974 6 48 theme EPR-detectable 1224:1237 arg1 Cu 1239:1240 EPR-detectable Cu 1224:1240 EPR-detectable Cu(II) 1224:1244 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 48 theme EPR-detectable 1224:1237 arg1 II 1242:1243 II 1242:1243 II 1242:1243 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 3 49 theme oxide 588:592 arg1 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 49 theme oxide 588:592 arg1 nanoparticles 594:606 copper oxide nanoparticles 581:606 copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 581:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 0 50 theme Antimicrobial 120:132 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 50 theme Antimicrobial 120:132 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 51 dep Composites 40:49 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 51 dep Composites 40:49 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 51 dep Composites 40:49 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 51 dep Composites 40:49 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 7 52 theme additional 1413:1422 arg1 copper 1424:1429 the additional copper 1409:1429 the additional copper 1409:1429 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 7 52 theme additional 1413:1422 arg1 EPR-silent 1435:1444 EPR-silent 1435:1444 EPR-silent 1435:1444 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 4 53 theme 22 851:852 arg1 ± 854:854 ± 854:854 ± 854:854 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 11 54 theme bactericidal 2221:2232 arg1 activity 2234:2241 bactericidal activity 2221:2241 bactericidal activity of the composite 2221:2258 More importantly, at CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower, bactericidal activity of the composite was complemented by its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. 29152974 9 55 theme Candida 2029:2035 arg1 albicans 2037:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 5 56 theme paramagnetic 871:882 arg1 EPR 895:897 EPR 895:897 EPR 895:897 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 5 56 theme paramagnetic 871:882 arg1 resonance 884:892 Electron paramagnetic resonance 862:892 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 862:898 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 4 57 theme 1 856:856 arg1 ± 854:854 ± 854:854 ± 854:854 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 9 58 theme antimicrobial 1749:1761 arg1 activity 1763:1770 excellent antimicrobial activity 1739:1770 excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans 1739:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 5 59 theme monomeric 968:976 arg1 species 978:984 a monomeric species 966:984 a monomeric species 966:984 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 4 60 with CuONPs 831:836 arg1 size 843:846 size 843:846 size of 22 ± 1 nm 843:859 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 7 61 theme added 1381:1385 arg1 copper 1387:1392 added copper 1381:1392 added copper (>59 nmol/mg) 1381:1406 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 7 61 theme added 1381:1385 arg1 nmol/mg 1399:1405 >59 nmol/mg 1395:1405 >59 nmol/mg 1395:1405 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 11 62 theme composite 2250:2258 arg1 activity 2234:2241 bactericidal activity 2221:2241 bactericidal activity of the composite 2221:2258 More importantly, at CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower, bactericidal activity of the composite was complemented by its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. 29152974 6 63 theme Cu 1239:1240 arg1 % 1219:1219 The remaining 75% 1203:1219 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) 1203:1244 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 63 theme Cu 1239:1240 arg1 Cu 1239:1240 EPR-detectable Cu 1224:1240 EPR-detectable Cu(II) 1224:1244 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 63 theme Cu 1239:1240 arg1 II 1242:1243 II 1242:1243 II 1242:1243 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 1 64 theme various 154:160 arg1 forms 162:166 various forms 154:166 various forms 154:166 Copper in various forms has been known to have bactericidal activity. 29152974 4 65 with composites 815:824 arg1 CuONPs 831:836 CuONPs 831:836 CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm 831:859 Spectroscopy and imaging results indicate that CEL, CS, and KER remained chemically intact and were homogeneously distributed in the composites with CuONPs with size of 22 ± 1 nm. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 agalactiae 1959:1968 Streptococcus agalactiae 1945:1968 Streptococcus agalactiae 1945:1968 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 maltophilia 2012:2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1995:2022 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1995:2022 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 aureus 1863:1868 Staphylococcus aureus 1848:1868 Staphylococcus aureus 1848:1868 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 coli 1939:1942 highly resistant Escherichia coli 1910:1942 highly resistant Escherichia coli 1910:1942 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 aeruginosa 1983:1992 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1971:1992 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1971:1992 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 Enterococcus 1892:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 albicans 2037:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 Candida albicans 2029:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 9 66 theme wide 1782:1785 arg1 range 1787:1791 a wide range 1780:1791 a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans 1780:2044 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 5 67 theme CS 1151:1152 arg1 composite 1155:1163 the [CEL + CS] composite 1140:1163 composite 1155:1163 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 0 68 theme Unique 98:103 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 68 theme Unique 98:103 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 5 69 theme nitrogen 1039:1046 arg1 atoms 1048:1052 two or more nitrogen atoms 1027:1052 two or more nitrogen atoms 1027:1052 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 11 70 theme CuONP 2177:2181 arg1 concentration 2183:2195 CuONP concentration 2177:2195 CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower 2177:2218 More importantly, at CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower, bactericidal activity of the composite was complemented by its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. 29152974 3 71 from cellulose 622:630 arg1 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 CuONPs 609:614 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 71 from cellulose 622:630 arg1 nanoparticles 594:606 copper oxide nanoparticles 581:606 copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER) 581:679 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 6 72 with consistent 1290:1299 arg1 Cu 1306:1307 Cu(II) aggregates 1306:1322 Cu(II) aggregates 1306:1322 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 72 with consistent 1290:1299 arg1 Cu 1328:1329 Cu 1328:1329 Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs 1328:1358 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 6 72 with consistent 1290:1299 arg1 II 1331:1332 II 1331:1332 II 1331:1332 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 2 73 theme copper 391:396 arg1 immobilization 398:411 copper immobilization 391:411 copper immobilization 391:411 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 29152974 0 74 theme Copper 14:19 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 74 theme Copper 14:19 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 74 theme Copper 14:19 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 74 theme Copper 14:19 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 11 75 theme nmol/mg 2203:2209 arg1 concentration 2183:2195 CuONP concentration 2177:2195 CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower 2177:2218 More importantly, at CuONP concentration of 35 nmol/mg or lower, bactericidal activity of the composite was complemented by its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts. 29152974 2 76 theme substrates 376:385 arg1 mobilization 263:274 mobilization 263:274 mobilization of the copper 263:288 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 29152974 2 76 theme substrates 376:385 arg1 bioincompatibility 339:356 bioincompatibility 339:356 bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization 339:411 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 29152974 0 77 theme Nanoparticle 27:38 arg1 Activity 134:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Antimicrobial Activity 120:141 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 77 theme Nanoparticle 27:38 arg1 Synthesis 87:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Facile Synthesis 80:95 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 77 theme Nanoparticle 27:38 arg1 Structure 105:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Unique Structure 98:113 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 0 77 theme Nanoparticle 27:38 arg1 Composites 40:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites 0:49 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 0:142 Biocompatible Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Composites from Cellulose and Chitosan: Facile Synthesis, Unique Structure, and Antimicrobial Activity. 29152974 7 78 theme additional 1461:1470 arg1 phase 1472:1476 an additional phase 1458:1476 an additional phase 1458:1476 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 2 79 theme candidate 366:374 arg1 substrates 376:385 many candidate substrates 361:385 many candidate substrates for copper immobilization 361:411 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 29152974 6 80 theme spin-spin 1266:1274 arg1 interactions 1276:1287 extensive spin-spin interactions 1256:1287 extensive spin-spin interactions 1256:1287 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 7 81 from levels 1371:1376 arg1 copper 1424:1429 the additional copper 1409:1429 the additional copper 1409:1429 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 7 81 from levels 1371:1376 arg1 EPR-silent 1435:1444 EPR-silent 1435:1444 EPR-silent 1435:1444 At higher levels of added copper (>59 nmol/mg), the additional copper was EPR-silent, suggesting an additional phase in larger CuONPs, in which S > 0 spin states are either thermally inaccessible or very fast-relaxing. 29152974 3 82 theme simple 422:427 arg1 chloride 467:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 82 theme simple 422:427 arg1 solvent 483:489 the solvent 479:489 the solvent 479:489 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 6 83 dep Cu 1306:1307 arg1 aggregates 1313:1322 aggregates 1313:1322 aggregates 1313:1322 The remaining 75% of EPR-detectable Cu(II) exhibited extensive spin-spin interactions, consistent with Cu(II) aggregates and Cu(II) on the surface of CuONPs. 29152974 10 84 from content 2129:2135 arg1 composites 2144:2153 the composites 2140:2153 the composites 2140:2153 Expectedly, the antibacterial activity was found to be correlated with the CuONPs content in the composites. 29152974 9 85 theme vancomycin-resistant 1871:1890 arg1 Enterococcus 1892:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 1871:1903 The composites exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria and fungi, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; and highly resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Candida albicans. 29152974 5 86 theme EPR-detectable 930:943 arg1 Cu 945:946 the EPR-detectable Cu 926:946 the EPR-detectable Cu 926:946 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggests that some 25% of the EPR-detectable Cu(II) is present as a monomeric species, chemically anchored to the substrate by two or more nitrogen atoms, and, further, adopts a unique spatially oriented conformation when incorporated into the [CEL + CS] composite but not in the [CEL + KER] composite. 29152974 3 87 theme butylmethylimmidazolium 443:465 arg1 chloride 467:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 butylmethylimmidazolium chloride 443:474 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 3 87 theme butylmethylimmidazolium 443:465 arg1 solvent 483:489 the solvent 479:489 the solvent 479:489 Using a simple ionic liquid, butylmethylimmidazolium chloride as the solvent, we developed a facile and green method to synthesize biocompatible composites containing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) from cellulose (CEL) and chitosan (CS) or CEL and keratin (KER). 29152974 2 88 theme many 361:364 arg1 substrates 376:385 many candidate substrates 361:385 many candidate substrates for copper immobilization 361:411 Challenges to its application include preventing mobilization of the copper, to both extend activity and avoid toxicity, and bioincompatibility of many candidate substrates for copper immobilization. 28942157 3 0 from round 654:658 arg1 shape 663:667 shape 663:667 shape 663:667 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 4 1 from differences 761:771 arg1 properties 849:858 the physical properties 836:858 the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 836:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 1 from differences 761:771 arg1 function 792:799 the biochemical function 776:799 the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides 776:830 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 6 2 theme CS/CHI 1068:1073 arg1 films 1075:1079 CS/CHI films 1068:1079 CS/CHI films 1068:1079 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 4 3 theme storage 893:899 arg1 modulus 901:907 storage modulus 893:907 storage modulus 893:907 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 9 4 theme proliferation 1644:1656 arg1 properties 1658:1667 cell adhesion and proliferation properties 1626:1667 cell adhesion and proliferation properties 1626:1667 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 7 5 theme growth 1217:1222 arg1 suppression 1224:1234 the growth suppression 1213:1234 the growth suppression 1213:1234 It was indicated that the growth suppression was due to the lack of fibronectin-integrin growth signaling. 28942157 7 5 theme growth 1217:1222 arg1 due 1240:1242 due 1240:1242 due 1240:1242 It was indicated that the growth suppression was due to the lack of fibronectin-integrin growth signaling. 28942157 9 6 theme modifications 1585:1597 arg1 species 1539:1545 the chemical species 1526:1545 the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films 1526:1610 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 4 7 theme films 867:871 arg1 properties 849:858 the physical properties 836:858 the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 836:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 7 theme films 867:871 arg1 function 792:799 the biochemical function 776:799 the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides 776:830 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 6 8 theme TNIIIA2 1136:1142 arg1 peptide 1144:1150 the TNIIIA2 peptide 1132:1150 the TNIIIA2 peptide 1132:1150 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 2 9 theme cell 287:290 arg1 scaffolds 292:300 cell scaffolds 287:300 cell scaffolds 287:300 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 4 10 theme cells 729:733 arg1 adhesion 689:696 adhesion 689:696 adhesion 689:696 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 10 theme cells 729:733 arg1 behaviors 716:724 proliferation behaviors 702:724 proliferation behaviors 702:724 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 3 11 dep spread 507:512 arg1 whereas 571:577 whereas 571:577 whereas 571:577 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 6 12 from suppression 1053:1063 arg1 films 1075:1079 CS/CHI films 1068:1079 CS/CHI films 1068:1079 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 8 13 theme films 1333:1337 arg1 modification 1310:1321 The surface modification 1298:1321 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin 1298:1354 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 2 14 from adhesion 338:345 arg1 films 393:397 composite films 383:397 composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 383:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 9 15 theme polysaccharide 1474:1487 arg1 films 1499:1503 the polysaccharide composite films 1470:1503 the polysaccharide composite films 1470:1503 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 2 16 theme various 417:423 arg1 kinds 425:429 various kinds 417:429 various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 417:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 2 17 theme films 278:282 arg1 versatility 257:267 the versatility 253:267 the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds 253:300 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 9 18 theme chemical 1434:1441 arg1 properties 1456:1465 the chemical and physical properties 1430:1465 the chemical and physical properties 1430:1465 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 8 19 dep adhesion 1369:1376 arg1 the 1365:1367 the 1365:1367 the 1365:1367 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 4 20 theme swelling 928:935 arg1 ratios 937:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 21 theme polysaccharides 816:830 arg1 properties 849:858 the physical properties 836:858 the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 836:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 21 theme polysaccharides 816:830 arg1 function 792:799 the biochemical function 776:799 the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides 776:830 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 2 22 from proliferation 351:363 arg1 films 393:397 composite films 383:397 composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 383:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 3 23 theme acid/CHI 541:548 arg1 films 550:554 alginic acid/CHI films 533:554 alginic acid/CHI films 533:554 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 6 24 theme growth 1046:1051 arg1 suppression 1053:1063 growth suppression 1046:1063 growth suppression on CS/CHI films 1046:1079 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 5 25 theme CS/CHI 980:985 arg1 films 987:991 CS/CHI films 980:991 CS/CHI films 980:991 Among them, the number of cells on CS/CHI films remained almost unchanged. 28942157 4 26 theme physical 840:847 arg1 properties 849:858 the physical properties 836:858 the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 836:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 9 27 theme anionic 1550:1556 arg1 polysaccharides 1558:1572 anionic polysaccharides 1550:1572 anionic polysaccharides 1550:1572 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 2 28 theme present 307:313 arg1 study 315:319 the present study 303:319 the present study 303:319 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 5 29 from number 961:966 arg1 films 987:991 CS/CHI films 980:991 CS/CHI films 980:991 Among them, the number of cells on CS/CHI films remained almost unchanged. 28942157 2 30 theme composite 383:391 arg1 films 393:397 composite films 383:397 composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 383:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 2 31 theme polysaccharides 442:456 arg1 kinds 425:429 various kinds 417:429 various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 417:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 6 32 theme growth 1174:1179 arg1 factor-B 1181:1188 platelet-derived growth factor-B 1157:1188 platelet-derived growth factor-B 1157:1188 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 9 33 mod modifications 1585:1597 arg1 films 1606:1610 the films 1602:1610 the films 1602:1610 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 9 33 mod modifications 1585:1597 arg3 surface 1577:1583 surface modifications 1577:1597 surface modifications 1577:1597 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 0 34 theme adhesion 16:23 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation 0:41 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. 28942157 4 35 theme biochemical 780:790 arg1 function 792:799 the biochemical function 776:799 the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides 776:830 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 36 theme modulus 901:907 arg1 ratios 937:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 2 37 dep adhesion 338:345 arg1 the 334:336 the 334:336 the 334:336 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 8 38 theme cells 1399:1403 arg1 proliferation 1382:1394 proliferation 1382:1394 proliferation 1382:1394 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 8 38 theme cells 1399:1403 arg1 adhesion 1369:1376 adhesion 1369:1376 adhesion 1369:1376 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 7 39 theme growth 1280:1285 arg1 signaling 1287:1295 fibronectin-integrin growth signaling 1259:1295 fibronectin-integrin growth signaling 1259:1295 It was indicated that the growth suppression was due to the lack of fibronectin-integrin growth signaling. 28942157 0 40 theme cell 11:14 arg1 adhesion 16:23 cell adhesion 11:23 cell adhesion 11:23 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. 28942157 3 41 theme alginic 533:539 arg1 films 550:554 alginic acid/CHI films 533:554 alginic acid/CHI films 533:554 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 3 42 theme hyaluronic 623:632 arg1 acid/CHI 634:641 hyaluronic acid/CHI 623:641 hyaluronic acid/CHI 623:641 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 1 43 theme polysaccharide 112:125 arg1 films 137:141 polysaccharide composite films 112:141 polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques 112:226 We have developed polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques. 28942157 1 44 theme hot 207:209 arg1 techniques 217:226 hot press techniques 207:226 hot press techniques 207:226 We have developed polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques. 28942157 0 45 theme proliferation 29:41 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation 0:41 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. 28942157 8 46 theme surface 1302:1308 arg1 modification 1310:1321 The surface modification 1298:1321 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin 1298:1354 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 4 47 theme ζ-potentials 910:921 arg1 ratios 937:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 3 48 theme acid/CHI 634:641 arg1 films 643:647 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films 588:647 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films 588:647 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 3 49 theme chondroitin 588:598 arg1 CS 611:612 CS 611:612 CS 611:612 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 3 49 theme chondroitin 588:598 arg1 C 608:608 chondroitin sulfate C 588:608 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI 588:617 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 1 50 theme press 211:215 arg1 techniques 217:226 hot press techniques 207:226 hot press techniques 207:226 We have developed polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques. 28942157 9 51 theme cell 1626:1629 arg1 adhesion 1631:1638 cell adhesion 1626:1638 cell adhesion 1626:1638 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 3 52 theme /CHI 614:617 arg1 films 643:647 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films 588:647 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films 588:647 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 2 53 theme anionic 434:440 arg1 polysaccharides 442:456 anionic polysaccharides 434:456 anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 434:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 7 54 theme fibronectin-integrin 1259:1278 arg1 signaling 1287:1295 fibronectin-integrin growth signaling 1259:1295 fibronectin-integrin growth signaling 1259:1295 It was indicated that the growth suppression was due to the lack of fibronectin-integrin growth signaling. 28942157 0 55 theme polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 scaffolds 83:91 polysaccharide composite film scaffolds 53:91 polysaccharide composite film scaffolds 53:91 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. 28942157 6 56 link platelet-derived 1157:1172 arg1 factor-B 1181:1188 platelet-derived growth factor-B 1157:1188 platelet-derived growth factor-B 1157:1188 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 9 57 theme composite 1489:1497 arg1 films 1499:1503 the polysaccharide composite films 1470:1503 the polysaccharide composite films 1470:1503 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 4 58 theme anionic 808:814 arg1 polysaccharides 816:830 the anionic polysaccharides 804:830 the anionic polysaccharides 804:830 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 1 59 theme composite 127:135 arg1 films 137:141 polysaccharide composite films 112:141 polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques 112:226 We have developed polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques. 28942157 2 60 mod modified 472:479 arg1 polysaccharides 442:456 anionic polysaccharides 434:456 anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins 434:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 2 60 mod modified 472:479 arg3 proteins 486:493 proteins 486:493 proteins 486:493 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 8 61 with modification 1310:1321 arg1 fibronectin 1344:1354 fibronectin 1344:1354 fibronectin 1344:1354 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 7 62 theme signaling 1287:1295 arg1 lack 1251:1254 the lack 1247:1254 the lack of fibronectin-integrin growth signaling 1247:1295 It was indicated that the growth suppression was due to the lack of fibronectin-integrin growth signaling. 28942157 6 63 theme platelet-derived 1157:1172 arg1 factor-B 1181:1188 platelet-derived growth factor-B 1157:1188 platelet-derived growth factor-B 1157:1188 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 9 64 theme films 1606:1610 arg1 polysaccharides 1558:1572 anionic polysaccharides 1550:1572 anionic polysaccharides 1550:1572 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 9 64 theme films 1606:1610 arg1 modifications 1585:1597 surface modifications 1577:1597 surface modifications 1577:1597 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 1 65 theme anionic 151:157 arg1 polysaccharides 159:173 anionic polysaccharides 151:173 anionic polysaccharides 151:173 We have developed polysaccharide composite films made of anionic polysaccharides and chitosan (CHI) by utilizing hot press techniques. 28942157 3 66 theme sulfate 600:606 arg1 CS 611:612 CS 611:612 CS 611:612 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 3 66 theme sulfate 600:606 arg1 C 608:608 chondroitin sulfate C 588:608 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI 588:617 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 4 67 theme proliferation 702:714 arg1 behaviors 716:724 proliferation behaviors 702:724 proliferation behaviors 702:724 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 9 68 theme surface 1577:1583 arg1 modifications 1585:1597 surface modifications 1577:1597 surface modifications 1577:1597 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 4 69 theme morphology 881:890 arg1 ratios 937:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios 881:942 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 9 70 theme chemical 1530:1537 arg1 species 1539:1545 the chemical species 1526:1545 the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films 1526:1610 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 8 71 theme CS/CHI 1326:1331 arg1 films 1333:1337 CS/CHI films 1326:1337 CS/CHI films 1326:1337 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 9 72 theme adhesion 1631:1638 arg1 properties 1658:1667 cell adhesion and proliferation properties 1626:1667 cell adhesion and proliferation properties 1626:1667 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 9 73 theme films 1499:1503 arg1 properties 1456:1465 the chemical and physical properties 1430:1465 the chemical and physical properties 1430:1465 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 0 74 theme film 78:81 arg1 scaffolds 83:91 polysaccharide composite film scaffolds 53:91 polysaccharide composite film scaffolds 53:91 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. 28942157 3 75 theme C 608:608 arg1 /CHI 614:617 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI 588:617 chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI 588:617 Cells were spread on heparin/CHI and alginic acid/CHI films and grew well, whereas those on chondroitin sulfate C (CS)/CHI and hyaluronic acid/CHI films were round in shape. 28942157 9 76 theme physical 1447:1454 arg1 properties 1456:1465 the chemical and physical properties 1430:1465 the chemical and physical properties 1430:1465 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 2 77 theme fibroblasts 368:378 arg1 proliferation 351:363 proliferation 351:363 proliferation 351:363 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 2 77 theme fibroblasts 368:378 arg1 adhesion 338:345 adhesion 338:345 adhesion 338:345 In order to demonstrate the versatility of these films as cell scaffolds, the present study investigated the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on composite films prepared by using various kinds of anionic polysaccharides and that were modified with proteins. 28942157 8 78 mod modification 1310:1321 arg1 films 1333:1337 CS/CHI films 1326:1337 CS/CHI films 1326:1337 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 8 78 mod modification 1310:1321 arg3 surface 1302:1308 The surface modification 1298:1321 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin 1298:1354 The surface modification of CS/CHI films with fibronectin promoted the adhesion and proliferation of cells. 28942157 9 79 theme polysaccharides 1558:1572 arg1 species 1539:1545 the chemical species 1526:1545 the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films 1526:1610 These results show that the chemical and physical properties of the polysaccharide composite films, which resulted from the chemical species of anionic polysaccharides or surface modifications of the films, can modulate cell adhesion and proliferation properties thereon. 28942157 0 80 theme composite 68:76 arg1 scaffolds 83:91 polysaccharide composite film scaffolds 53:91 polysaccharide composite film scaffolds 53:91 Control of cell adhesion and proliferation utilizing polysaccharide composite film scaffolds. 28942157 6 81 theme integrin 1111:1118 arg1 stimulator 1120:1129 an integrin stimulator 1108:1129 an integrin stimulator 1108:1129 The mechanisms underlying growth suppression on CS/CHI films were investigated by using an integrin stimulator, the TNIIIA2 peptide, and platelet-derived growth factor-B. 28942157 5 82 theme cells 971:975 arg1 number 961:966 the number 957:966 the number of cells on CS/CHI films 957:991 Among them, the number of cells on CS/CHI films remained almost unchanged. 28942157 4 83 from differences 674:684 arg1 adhesion 689:696 adhesion 689:696 adhesion 689:696 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 28942157 4 83 from differences 674:684 arg1 behaviors 716:724 proliferation behaviors 702:724 proliferation behaviors 702:724 The differences in adhesion and proliferation behaviors of cells could be explained by the differences in the biochemical function of the anionic polysaccharides and the physical properties of the films such as morphology, storage modulus, ζ-potentials, and swelling ratios. 25301670 0 0 theme cell 106:109 arg1 polysaccharides 116:130 cell wall polysaccharides 106:130 cell wall polysaccharides 106:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 9 1 theme fungal 1923:1928 arg1 infection 1930:1938 fungal infection 1923:1938 fungal infection 1923:1938 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 2 2 theme viscoelastic 407:418 arg1 walls 398:402 plant cell walls 387:402 plant cell walls 387:402 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 2 theme viscoelastic 407:418 arg1 structure 420:428 a viscoelastic structure 405:428 a viscoelastic structure 405:428 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 3 3 theme wheat 960:964 arg1 coleoptiles 989:999 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles 960:999 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles 960:999 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 2 4 theme factors 530:536 arg1 factors 530:536 the infection-affecting factors 506:536 the infection-affecting factors for fungi 506:546 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 4 theme factors 530:536 arg1 one 499:501 one 499:501 one 499:501 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 3 5 theme recombinant 761:771 arg1 xylanase 792:799 recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase 761:799 recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase 761:799 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 1 6 with treatment 198:206 arg1 enzymes 237:243 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 213:243 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 213:243 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 3 7 dep Triticum 967:974 arg1 L. 985:986 Triticum aestivum L. 967:986 Triticum aestivum L. 967:986 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 6 8 contain had 1342:1344 arg1 enzyme 1335:1340 neither enzyme 1327:1340 neither enzyme 1327:1340 Furthermore, 1,3-1,4-β-glucan polymer was solubilized during hydrolysis with xylanase and xyloglucanase, even though neither enzyme had hydrolytic activity towards 1,3-1,4-β-glucan. 25301670 6 8 contain had 1342:1344 arg2 activity 1357:1364 hydrolytic activity 1346:1364 hydrolytic activity towards 1,3-1,4-β-glucan 1346:1389 Furthermore, 1,3-1,4-β-glucan polymer was solubilized during hydrolysis with xylanase and xyloglucanase, even though neither enzyme had hydrolytic activity towards 1,3-1,4-β-glucan. 25301670 0 9 theme polysaccharides 116:130 arg1 solubilization 88:101 solubilization 88:101 solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides 88:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 3 10 theme Magnaporthe 773:783 arg1 xylanase 792:799 recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase 761:799 recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase 761:799 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 4 11 dep viscosity 1078:1086 arg1 the 1074:1076 the 1074:1076 the 1074:1076 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 3 12 theme polysaccharides 593:607 arg1 significance 562:573 the significance 558:573 the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants 558:714 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 5 13 theme xyloglucanase 1146:1158 arg1 treatment 1160:1168 xyloglucanase treatment 1146:1168 xyloglucanase treatment 1146:1168 In addition, xyloglucanase treatment slightly decreased the viscoelasticity. 25301670 1 14 theme primary 329:335 arg1 walls 342:346 primary cell walls 329:346 primary cell walls 329:346 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 0 15 theme wall 111:114 arg1 polysaccharides 116:130 cell wall polysaccharides 106:130 cell wall polysaccharides 106:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 8 16 theme bridges 1581:1587 arg1 Degradation 1560:1570 Degradation 1560:1570 Degradation of these bridges 1560:1587 Degradation of these bridges causes decreases in the physical properties, resulting in increased extensibility of the cell walls. 25301670 1 17 theme coleoptile 162:171 arg1 segments 173:180 wheat coleoptile segments 156:180 wheat coleoptile segments 156:180 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 4 18 theme coleoptile 1112:1121 arg1 segments 1123:1130 wheat coleoptile segments 1106:1130 wheat coleoptile segments 1106:1130 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 9 19 theme wheat 1739:1743 arg1 walls 1761:1765 wheat coleoptile cell walls 1739:1765 wheat coleoptile cell walls 1739:1765 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 6 20 theme 1,3-1,4-β-glucan 1223:1238 arg1 polymer 1240:1246 1,3-1,4-β-glucan polymer 1223:1246 1,3-1,4-β-glucan polymer 1223:1246 Furthermore, 1,3-1,4-β-glucan polymer was solubilized during hydrolysis with xylanase and xyloglucanase, even though neither enzyme had hydrolytic activity towards 1,3-1,4-β-glucan. 25301670 9 21 theme hemicellulosic 1802:1815 arg1 polysaccharides 1817:1831 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1802:1831 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1802:1831 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 3 22 from strength 689:696 arg1 plants 709:714 monocot plants 701:714 monocot plants 701:714 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 1 23 theme cell 337:340 arg1 walls 342:346 primary cell walls 329:346 primary cell walls 329:346 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 2 24 theme infection-affecting 510:528 arg1 factors 530:536 the infection-affecting factors 506:536 the infection-affecting factors for fungi 506:546 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 3 25 theme hemicellulosic 578:591 arg1 polysaccharides 593:607 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 578:607 hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants 578:714 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 1 26 theme hemicellulose-degrading 213:235 arg1 enzymes 237:243 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 213:243 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 213:243 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 0 27 theme hemicellulose-degrading 7:29 arg1 enzymes 31:37 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 0:37 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 0:37 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 3 28 theme oryzae 854:859 arg1 xyloglucanase 861:873 recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase 830:873 recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase 830:873 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 9 29 theme coleoptile 1745:1754 arg1 walls 1761:1765 wheat coleoptile cell walls 1739:1765 wheat coleoptile cell walls 1739:1765 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 0 30 theme Fungal 0:5 arg1 enzymes 31:37 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 0:37 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 0:37 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 1 31 theme walls 342:346 arg1 strength 317:324 the strength 313:324 the strength of primary cell walls 313:346 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 3 32 theme cellulose 641:649 arg1 microfibrils 651:662 cellulose microfibrils 641:662 cellulose microfibrils 641:662 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 9 33 theme hemicellulose-degrading 1837:1859 arg1 enzymes 1861:1867 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 1837:1867 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes 1837:1867 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 9 34 from loosened 1771:1778 arg1 model 1724:1728 a testable model 1713:1728 a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection 1713:1938 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 2 35 theme physical 364:371 arg1 properties 373:382 the physical properties 360:382 the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, 360:429 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 36 theme growth-limiting 460:474 arg1 factors 476:482 the growth-limiting factors 456:482 the growth-limiting factors for plants 456:493 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 37 theme factors 476:482 arg1 factors 476:482 the growth-limiting factors 456:482 the growth-limiting factors for plants 456:493 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 37 theme factors 476:482 arg1 one 449:451 one 449:451 one 449:451 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 3 38 theme recombinant 830:840 arg1 xyloglucanase 861:873 recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase 830:873 recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase 830:873 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 9 39 theme cell 1756:1759 arg1 walls 1761:1765 wheat coleoptile cell walls 1739:1765 wheat coleoptile cell walls 1739:1765 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 1 40 theme Physical 133:140 arg1 properties 142:151 Physical properties 133:151 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments 133:180 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 6 41 theme hydrolytic 1346:1355 arg1 activity 1357:1364 hydrolytic activity 1346:1364 hydrolytic activity towards 1,3-1,4-β-glucan 1346:1389 Furthermore, 1,3-1,4-β-glucan polymer was solubilized during hydrolysis with xylanase and xyloglucanase, even though neither enzyme had hydrolytic activity towards 1,3-1,4-β-glucan. 25301670 0 42 theme property 54:61 arg1 changes 63:69 physical property changes 45:69 physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides 45:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 7 43 theme inter-molecular 1535:1549 arg1 bridges 1551:1557 inter-molecular bridges 1535:1557 inter-molecular bridges 1535:1557 These results suggest that xylan and xyloglucan interact with 1,3-1,4-β-glucan and that the composites and hemicellulosic polysaccharides form inter-molecular bridges. 25301670 8 44 theme increased 1647:1655 arg1 extensibility 1657:1669 increased extensibility 1647:1669 increased extensibility of the cell walls 1647:1687 Degradation of these bridges causes decreases in the physical properties, resulting in increased extensibility of the cell walls. 25301670 1 45 theme hemicellulosic 262:275 arg1 polysaccharides 277:291 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 262:291 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 262:291 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 0 46 theme physical 45:52 arg1 changes 63:69 physical property changes 45:69 physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides 45:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 3 47 theme physical 882:889 arg1 properties 891:900 the physical properties 878:900 the physical properties 878:900 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 3 48 theme cell 679:682 arg1 strength 689:696 cell wall strength 679:696 cell wall strength in monocot plants 679:714 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 9 49 from model 1724:1728 arg1 loosened 1771:1778 loosened 1771:1778 loosened 1771:1778 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 3 50 from effects 721:727 arg1 solubilization 921:934 polysaccharide solubilization 906:934 polysaccharide solubilization 906:934 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 3 50 from effects 721:727 arg1 properties 891:900 the physical properties 878:900 the physical properties 878:900 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 0 51 theme concomitant 71:81 arg1 changes 63:69 physical property changes 45:69 physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides 45:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 8 52 theme physical 1613:1620 arg1 properties 1622:1631 the physical properties 1609:1631 the physical properties 1609:1631 Degradation of these bridges causes decreases in the physical properties, resulting in increased extensibility of the cell walls. 25301670 7 53 theme hemicellulosic 1499:1512 arg1 polysaccharides 1514:1528 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1499:1528 hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1499:1528 These results suggest that xylan and xyloglucan interact with 1,3-1,4-β-glucan and that the composites and hemicellulosic polysaccharides form inter-molecular bridges. 25301670 3 54 theme degradation 746:756 arg1 effects 721:727 the effects 717:727 the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization 717:934 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 2 55 theme walls 398:402 arg1 properties 373:382 the physical properties 360:382 the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, 360:429 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 8 56 theme cell 1678:1681 arg1 walls 1683:1687 the cell walls 1674:1687 the cell walls 1674:1687 Degradation of these bridges causes decreases in the physical properties, resulting in increased extensibility of the cell walls. 25301670 9 57 theme significant 1876:1886 arg1 role 1888:1891 a significant role 1874:1891 a significant role 1874:1891 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 1 58 theme wheat 156:160 arg1 segments 173:180 wheat coleoptile segments 156:180 wheat coleoptile segments 156:180 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 4 59 with Treatments 1002:1011 arg1 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase 1030:1048 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase 1030:1048 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase 1030:1048 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 4 59 with Treatments 1002:1011 arg1 xylanase 1018:1025 xylanase 1018:1025 xylanase 1018:1025 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 9 60 theme polysaccharides 1817:1831 arg1 degradation 1787:1797 the degradation 1783:1797 the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides 1783:1831 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 3 61 theme monocot 701:707 arg1 plants 709:714 monocot plants 701:714 monocot plants 701:714 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 0 62 with concomitant 71:81 arg1 solubilization 88:101 solubilization 88:101 solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides 88:130 Fungal hemicellulose-degrading enzymes cause physical property changes concomitant with solubilization of cell wall polysaccharides. 25301670 2 63 theme plant 387:391 arg1 walls 398:402 plant cell walls 387:402 plant cell walls 387:402 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 63 theme plant 387:391 arg1 structure 420:428 a viscoelastic structure 405:428 a viscoelastic structure 405:428 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 8 64 from decreases 1596:1604 arg1 properties 1622:1631 the physical properties 1609:1631 the physical properties 1609:1631 Degradation of these bridges causes decreases in the physical properties, resulting in increased extensibility of the cell walls. 25301670 2 65 theme cell 393:396 arg1 walls 398:402 plant cell walls 387:402 plant cell walls 387:402 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 2 65 theme cell 393:396 arg1 structure 420:428 a viscoelastic structure 405:428 a viscoelastic structure 405:428 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 3 66 theme hemicellulose 732:744 arg1 degradation 746:756 hemicellulose degradation 732:756 hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase 732:873 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 3 67 theme wall 684:687 arg1 strength 689:696 cell wall strength 679:696 cell wall strength in monocot plants 679:714 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 9 68 theme testable 1715:1722 arg1 model 1724:1728 a testable model 1713:1728 a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection 1713:1938 These findings provide a testable model in which wheat coleoptile cell walls are loosened by the degradation of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes play a significant role in loosening the walls during fungal infection. 25301670 1 69 theme segments 173:180 arg1 properties 142:151 Physical properties 133:151 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments 133:180 Physical properties of wheat coleoptile segments decreased after treatment with hemicellulose-degrading enzymes, indicating that hemicellulosic polysaccharides function to control the strength of primary cell walls. 25301670 2 70 from Changes 349:355 arg1 properties 373:382 the physical properties 360:382 the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, 360:429 Changes in the physical properties of plant cell walls, a viscoelastic structure, are thought to be one of the growth-limiting factors for plants and one of the infection-affecting factors for fungi. 25301670 4 71 theme segments 1123:1130 arg1 elasticity 1092:1101 elasticity 1092:1101 elasticity 1092:1101 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 4 71 theme segments 1123:1130 arg1 viscosity 1078:1086 viscosity 1078:1086 viscosity 1078:1086 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 3 72 theme oryzae 785:790 arg1 xylanase 792:799 recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase 761:799 recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase 761:799 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 25301670 8 73 theme walls 1683:1687 arg1 extensibility 1657:1669 increased extensibility 1647:1669 increased extensibility of the cell walls 1647:1687 Degradation of these bridges causes decreases in the physical properties, resulting in increased extensibility of the cell walls. 25301670 4 74 theme wheat 1106:1110 arg1 segments 1123:1130 wheat coleoptile segments 1106:1130 wheat coleoptile segments 1106:1130 Treatments with xylanase or 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase significantly decreased the viscosity and elasticity of wheat coleoptile segments. 25301670 3 75 theme polysaccharide 906:919 arg1 solubilization 921:934 polysaccharide solubilization 906:934 polysaccharide solubilization 906:934 To study the significance of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that form cross-bridges between cellulose microfibrils in controlling cell wall strength in monocot plants, the effects of hemicellulose degradation by recombinant Magnaporthe oryzae xylanase and 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase, and recombinant Aspergillus oryzae xyloglucanase on the physical properties and polysaccharide solubilization were investigated using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles. 27748781 2 0 theme fatty 422:426 arg1 acids 428:432 the total short chain fatty acids 400:432 the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 400:439 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 0 theme fatty 422:426 arg1 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 4 1 theme acetic 789:794 arg1 acids 808:812 acetic and butyric acids 789:812 acetic and butyric acids 789:812 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 2 2 theme fermentation 319:330 arg1 h 314:314 48 h 311:314 48 h of fermentation 311:330 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 3 dep 6.14 390:393 arg1 to 387:388 to 387:388 to 387:388 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 4 theme chain 416:420 arg1 acids 428:432 the total short chain fatty acids 400:432 the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 400:439 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 4 theme chain 416:420 arg1 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 1 5 from fermentation 142:153 arg1 Morus 179:183 Morus 179:183 Morus 179:183 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 5 from fermentation 142:153 arg1 composition 275:285 the composition 271:285 the composition of gut microbiota 271:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 4 6 from fermentation 839:850 arg1 polysaccharide 894:907 the polysaccharide 890:907 the polysaccharide 890:907 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 5 7 theme gut 1062:1064 arg1 composition 1077:1087 the gut microbiota composition 1058:1087 the gut microbiota composition 1058:1087 In addition, the polysaccharide could modulate the gut microbiota composition by increasing the Bacteroidetes population and decreasing the Firmicutes population. 27748781 2 8 theme acetic 445:450 arg1 acids 476:480 acetic, propionic, and butyric acids 445:480 acetic, propionic, and butyric acids 445:480 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 4 9 theme galactose 855:863 arg1 fermentation 839:850 the fermentation 835:850 the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide 835:907 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 3 10 theme ± 674:674 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 10 theme ± 674:674 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 10 theme ± 674:674 arg1 % 680:680 41.43 ± 1.52% 668:680 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose 668:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 10 theme ± 674:674 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 10 theme ± 674:674 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 10 theme ± 674:674 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 11 theme ± 730:730 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 11 theme ± 730:730 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 11 theme ± 730:730 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 11 theme ± 730:730 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 11 theme ± 730:730 arg1 % 736:736 65.57 ± 1.07% 724:736 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid 724:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 11 theme ± 730:730 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 12 from carbohydrates 566:578 arg1 polysaccharide 587:600 the polysaccharide 583:600 the polysaccharide 583:600 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 13 theme 1.51 621:624 arg1 ± 619:619 ± 619:619 ± 619:619 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 % 652:652 23.1 ± 1.19% 641:652 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose 641:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 % 625:625 35.72 ± 1.51% 613:625 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose 613:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 % 680:680 41.43 ± 1.52% 668:680 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose 668:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 % 706:706 26.36 ± 1.93% 694:706 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose 694:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 % 736:736 65.57 ± 1.07% 724:736 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid 724:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 14 theme rhamnose 711:718 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 5 15 theme Firmicutes 1151:1160 arg1 population 1162:1171 the Firmicutes population 1147:1171 the Firmicutes population 1147:1171 In addition, the polysaccharide could modulate the gut microbiota composition by increasing the Bacteroidetes population and decreasing the Firmicutes population. 27748781 1 16 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 fermentation 142:153 the in vitro fermentation 129:153 the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L. 129:191 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 16 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 effect 261:266 the effect 257:266 the effect on the composition of gut microbiota 257:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 16 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 contribution 198:209 the contribution 194:209 the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation 194:250 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 3 17 from % 551:551 arg1 polysaccharide 587:600 the polysaccharide 583:600 the polysaccharide 583:600 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 2 18 theme short 410:414 arg1 acids 428:432 the total short chain fatty acids 400:432 the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 400:439 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 18 theme short 410:414 arg1 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 3 19 theme ± 646:646 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 19 theme ± 646:646 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 19 theme ± 646:646 arg1 % 652:652 23.1 ± 1.19% 641:652 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose 641:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 19 theme ± 646:646 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 19 theme ± 646:646 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 19 theme ± 646:646 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 20 theme 35.72 613:617 arg1 ± 619:619 ± 619:619 ± 619:619 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 4 21 theme glucose 1002:1008 arg1 fermentation 972:983 the fermentation 968:983 the fermentation of arabinose and glucose 968:1008 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 4 22 theme propionic 932:940 arg1 acid 942:945 propionic acid 932:945 propionic acid 932:945 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 0 23 theme In 0:1 arg1 fermentation 9:20 In vitro fermentation 0:20 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 0:103 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 % 652:652 23.1 ± 1.19% 641:652 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose 641:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 % 625:625 35.72 ± 1.51% 613:625 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose 613:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 % 680:680 41.43 ± 1.52% 668:680 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose 668:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 % 706:706 26.36 ± 1.93% 694:706 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose 694:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 % 736:736 65.57 ± 1.07% 724:736 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid 724:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 24 theme arabinose 630:638 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 1 25 from effect 261:266 arg1 Morus 179:183 Morus 179:183 Morus 179:183 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 25 from effect 261:266 arg1 composition 275:285 the composition 271:285 the composition of gut microbiota 271:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 3 26 theme galacturic 741:750 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 2 27 theme pH 337:338 arg1 value 340:344 the pH value 333:344 the pH value in the fecal culture 333:365 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 4 28 theme butyric 800:806 arg1 acids 808:812 acetic and butyric acids 789:812 acetic and butyric acids 789:812 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 1 29 dep in 133:134 arg1 vitro 136:140 vitro 136:140 vitro 136:140 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 % 652:652 23.1 ± 1.19% 641:652 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose 641:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 % 625:625 35.72 ± 1.51% 613:625 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose 613:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 % 680:680 41.43 ± 1.52% 668:680 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose 668:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 % 706:706 26.36 ± 1.93% 694:706 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose 694:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 % 736:736 65.57 ± 1.07% 724:736 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid 724:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 30 theme acid 752:755 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 6 31 theme products 1225:1232 arg1 development 1205:1215 the development 1201:1215 the development of food products known as prebiotics, aimed at improving gastrointestinal health 1201:1296 The results may facilitate the development of food products known as prebiotics, aimed at improving gastrointestinal health. 27748781 5 32 theme microbiota 1066:1075 arg1 composition 1077:1087 the gut microbiota composition 1058:1087 the gut microbiota composition 1058:1087 In addition, the polysaccharide could modulate the gut microbiota composition by increasing the Bacteroidetes population and decreasing the Firmicutes population. 27748781 5 33 theme Bacteroidetes 1107:1119 arg1 population 1121:1130 the Bacteroidetes population 1103:1130 the Bacteroidetes population 1103:1130 In addition, the polysaccharide could modulate the gut microbiota composition by increasing the Bacteroidetes population and decreasing the Firmicutes population. 27748781 0 34 theme fruit 34:38 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 mulberry fruit polysaccharides 25:54 mulberry fruit polysaccharides 25:54 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 2 35 theme propionic 453:461 arg1 acids 476:480 acetic, propionic, and butyric acids 445:480 acetic, propionic, and butyric acids 445:480 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 0 36 from inocula 71:77 arg1 microbiota 93:102 microbiota 93:102 microbiota 93:102 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 1 37 dep Morus 179:183 arg1 L. 190:191 Morus alba L. 179:191 Morus alba L. 179:191 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 4 38 from increase 920:927 arg1 acid 942:945 propionic acid 932:945 propionic acid 932:945 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 0 39 theme mulberry 25:32 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 mulberry fruit polysaccharides 25:54 mulberry fruit polysaccharides 25:54 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 2 40 theme total 404:408 arg1 acids 428:432 the total short chain fatty acids 400:432 the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) 400:439 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 40 theme total 404:408 arg1 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 SCFA 435:438 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 4 41 from increase 777:784 arg1 acids 808:812 acetic and butyric acids 789:812 acetic and butyric acids 789:812 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 2 42 from value 340:344 arg1 culture 359:365 the fecal culture 349:365 the fecal culture 349:365 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 2 43 theme fecal 353:357 arg1 culture 359:365 the fecal culture 349:365 the fecal culture 349:365 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 3 44 from polysaccharide 587:600 arg1 % 551:551 45.36 ± 1.36% 539:551 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 539:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 44 from polysaccharide 587:600 arg1 carbohydrates 566:578 the total carbohydrates 556:578 the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 556:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 45 theme ± 545:545 arg1 % 551:551 45.36 ± 1.36% 539:551 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 539:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 45 theme ± 545:545 arg1 carbohydrates 566:578 the total carbohydrates 556:578 the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 556:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 1 46 from contribution 198:209 arg1 Morus 179:183 Morus 179:183 Morus 179:183 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 46 from contribution 198:209 arg1 composition 275:285 the composition 271:285 the composition of gut microbiota 271:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 0 47 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 fermentation 9:20 In vitro fermentation 0:20 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 0:103 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 1 48 theme gut 290:292 arg1 microbiota 294:303 gut microbiota 290:303 gut microbiota 290:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 3 49 theme total 560:564 arg1 carbohydrates 566:578 the total carbohydrates 556:578 the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 556:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 6 50 theme gastrointestinal 1274:1289 arg1 health 1291:1296 gastrointestinal health 1274:1296 gastrointestinal health 1274:1296 The results may facilitate the development of food products known as prebiotics, aimed at improving gastrointestinal health. 27748781 4 51 theme acid 882:885 arg1 fermentation 839:850 the fermentation 835:850 the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide 835:907 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 1 52 theme microbiota 294:303 arg1 composition 275:285 the composition 271:285 the composition of gut microbiota 271:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 3 53 theme carbohydrates 566:578 arg1 % 551:551 45.36 ± 1.36% 539:551 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 539:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 53 theme carbohydrates 566:578 arg1 carbohydrates 566:578 the total carbohydrates 556:578 the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, 556:756 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 54 theme fermentation 525:536 arg1 h 520:520 48 h 517:520 48 h of fermentation 517:536 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 4 55 theme arabinose 988:996 arg1 fermentation 972:983 the fermentation 968:983 the fermentation of arabinose and glucose 968:1008 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 3 56 theme ± 700:700 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 56 theme ± 700:700 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 56 theme ± 700:700 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 56 theme ± 700:700 arg1 % 706:706 26.36 ± 1.93% 694:706 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose 694:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 56 theme ± 700:700 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 56 theme ± 700:700 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 2 57 theme butyric 468:474 arg1 acids 476:480 acetic, propionic, and butyric acids 445:480 acetic, propionic, and butyric acids 445:480 Over 48 h of fermentation, the pH value in the fecal culture decreased from 7.12 to 6.14, and the total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and acetic, propionic, and butyric acids all significantly increased. 27748781 6 58 theme food 1220:1223 arg1 products 1225:1232 food products 1220:1232 food products known as prebiotics, aimed at improving gastrointestinal health 1220:1296 The results may facilitate the development of food products known as prebiotics, aimed at improving gastrointestinal health. 27748781 1 59 from Morus 179:183 arg1 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides from Morus alba L. 158:191 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 59 from Morus 179:183 arg1 fermentation 142:153 the in vitro fermentation 129:153 the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L. 129:191 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 59 from Morus 179:183 arg1 effect 261:266 the effect 257:266 the effect on the composition of gut microbiota 257:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 59 from Morus 179:183 arg1 contribution 198:209 the contribution 194:209 the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation 194:250 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 % 652:652 23.1 ± 1.19% 641:652 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose 641:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 % 625:625 35.72 ± 1.51% 613:625 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose 613:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 % 680:680 41.43 ± 1.52% 668:680 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose 668:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 % 706:706 26.36 ± 1.93% 694:706 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose 694:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 % 736:736 65.57 ± 1.07% 724:736 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid 724:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 60 theme glucose 685:691 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 0 61 theme fecal 65:69 arg1 inocula 71:77 human fecal inocula 59:77 human fecal inocula 59:77 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 0 62 from impact 83:88 arg1 microbiota 93:102 microbiota 93:102 microbiota 93:102 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 1 63 theme in 133:134 arg1 fermentation 142:153 the in vitro fermentation 129:153 the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L. 129:191 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 4 64 theme galacturonic 869:880 arg1 acid 882:885 galacturonic acid 869:885 galacturonic acid 869:885 The increase in acetic and butyric acids was primarily due to the fermentation of galactose and galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide, while the increase in propionic acid resulted mainly from the fermentation of arabinose and glucose. 27748781 1 65 theme carbohydrates 218:230 arg1 fermentation 142:153 the in vitro fermentation 129:153 the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L. 129:191 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 65 theme carbohydrates 218:230 arg1 effect 261:266 the effect 257:266 the effect on the composition of gut microbiota 257:303 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 1 65 theme carbohydrates 218:230 arg1 contribution 198:209 the contribution 194:209 the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation 194:250 This study investigated the in vitro fermentation of polysaccharides from Morus alba L., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota. 27748781 0 66 theme human 59:63 arg1 inocula 71:77 human fecal inocula 59:77 human fecal inocula 59:77 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 0 67 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 glucose 685:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 acid 752:755 galacturic acid 741:755 galacturic acid 741:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 % 652:652 23.1 ± 1.19% 641:652 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose 641:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 % 625:625 35.72 ± 1.51% 613:625 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose 613:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 % 680:680 41.43 ± 1.52% 668:680 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose 668:691 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 arabinose 630:638 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 % 706:706 26.36 ± 1.93% 694:706 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose 694:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 galactose 657:665 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 % 736:736 65.57 ± 1.07% 724:736 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid 724:755 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 27748781 3 68 theme galactose 657:665 arg1 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 rhamnose 711:718 After 48 h of fermentation, 45.36 ± 1.36% of the total carbohydrates in the polysaccharide, including 35.72 ± 1.51% of arabinose, 23.1 ± 1.19% of galactose, 41.43 ± 1.52% of glucose, 26.36 ± 1.93% of rhamnose and 65.57 ± 1.07% of galacturic acid, were consumed. 29037680 3 0 theme okra 301:304 arg1 pod 306:308 okra pod 301:308 okra pod 301:308 In this work, the water extract of okra pod was prepared and the leading polysaccharide fraction was purified. 29037680 1 1 theme subtropical 146:156 arg1 regions 171:177 subtropical and tropical regions 146:177 subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability 146:206 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 3 2 theme pod 306:308 arg1 extract 290:296 the water extract 280:296 the water extract of okra pod 280:308 In this work, the water extract of okra pod was prepared and the leading polysaccharide fraction was purified. 29037680 0 3 from characterisation 10:25 arg1 evaluation 70:79 evaluation 70:79 evaluation of hypoglycemic activity 70:104 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 0 3 from characterisation 10:25 arg1 " 64:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 4 4 theme precise 381:387 arg1 characteristics 400:414 The precise structural characteristics 377:414 The precise structural characteristics 377:414 The precise structural characteristics were identified. 29037680 7 5 theme glucose 763:769 arg1 tolerance 771:779 glucose tolerance 763:779 glucose tolerance 763:779 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 0 6 theme activity 97:104 arg1 evaluation 70:79 evaluation 70:79 evaluation of hypoglycemic activity 70:104 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 0 6 theme activity 97:104 arg1 " 64:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 7 7 theme streptozotocin-induced 658:679 arg1 mice 690:693 streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice 658:693 streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice 658:693 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 7 8 theme glucose 745:751 arg1 level 753:757 decreased blood glucose level 729:757 decreased blood glucose level 729:757 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 0 9 theme hypoglycemic 84:95 arg1 activity 97:104 hypoglycemic activity 84:104 hypoglycemic activity 84:104 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 1 10 from vegetable 133:141 arg1 regions 171:177 subtropical and tropical regions 146:177 subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability 146:206 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 4 11 theme structural 389:398 arg1 characteristics 400:414 The precise structural characteristics 377:414 The precise structural characteristics 377:414 The precise structural characteristics were identified. 29037680 1 12 theme tropical 162:169 arg1 regions 171:177 subtropical and tropical regions 146:177 subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability 146:206 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 1 13 theme due 179:181 arg1 regions 171:177 subtropical and tropical regions 146:177 subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability 146:206 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 0 14 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 characterisation 10:25 Structure characterisation 0:25 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 0:105 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 5 15 theme rhamnogalacturonan 458:475 arg1 It 433:434 It 433:434 It 433:434 It was a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" as shown below, and the structure was different to previously reported rhamnogalacturonans. 29037680 5 15 theme rhamnogalacturonan 458:475 arg1 " 476:476 a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" 440:476 a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" 440:476 It was a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" as shown below, and the structure was different to previously reported rhamnogalacturonans. 29037680 0 16 theme polysaccharides 30:44 arg1 characterisation 10:25 Structure characterisation 0:25 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 0:105 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 6 17 theme rhamnogalacturonan 597:614 arg1 effect 587:592 The hypoglycemic effect 570:592 The hypoglycemic effect of rhamnogalacturonan 570:614 The hypoglycemic effect of rhamnogalacturonan was determined in vivo. 29037680 7 18 theme decreased 729:737 arg1 level 753:757 decreased blood glucose level 729:757 decreased blood glucose level 729:757 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 1 19 theme good 190:193 arg1 palatability 195:206 the good palatability 186:206 the good palatability 186:206 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 0 20 theme vegetable 49:57 arg1 " 64:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 7 21 theme blood 739:743 arg1 level 753:757 decreased blood glucose level 729:757 decreased blood glucose level 729:757 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 2 22 theme polysaccharide 222:235 arg1 compositions 237:248 the polysaccharide compositions 218:248 the polysaccharide compositions 218:248 However, the polysaccharide compositions remain unclear. 29037680 9 23 theme hypoglycemic 920:931 arg1 effect 933:938 the hypoglycemic effect 916:938 the hypoglycemic effect of okra 916:946 The results indicated that the rhamnogalacturonan was responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of okra. 29037680 0 24 theme okra 60:63 arg1 " 64:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 vegetable "okra" 49:64 Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable "okra" and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. 29037680 3 25 theme leading 331:337 arg1 fraction 354:361 the leading polysaccharide fraction 327:361 the leading polysaccharide fraction 327:361 In this work, the water extract of okra pod was prepared and the leading polysaccharide fraction was purified. 29037680 5 26 theme reported 540:547 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans 549:567 previously reported rhamnogalacturonans 529:567 previously reported rhamnogalacturonans 529:567 It was a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" as shown below, and the structure was different to previously reported rhamnogalacturonans. 29037680 8 27 theme body 786:789 arg1 weight 791:796 The body weight 782:796 The body weight of all groups 782:810 The body weight of all groups were not significantly different. 29037680 8 27 theme body 786:789 arg1 different 835:843 different 835:843 different 835:843 The body weight of all groups were not significantly different. 29037680 9 28 theme okra 943:946 arg1 effect 933:938 the hypoglycemic effect 916:938 the hypoglycemic effect of okra 916:946 The results indicated that the rhamnogalacturonan was responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of okra. 29037680 7 29 theme high-dose 706:714 arg1 group 716:720 the high-dose group 702:720 the high-dose group 702:720 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 3 30 theme water 284:288 arg1 extract 290:296 the water extract 280:296 the water extract of okra pod 280:308 In this work, the water extract of okra pod was prepared and the leading polysaccharide fraction was purified. 29037680 1 31 theme accepted 124:131 arg1 vegetable 133:141 a widely accepted vegetable 115:141 a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability 115:206 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 1 31 theme accepted 124:131 arg1 Okra 107:110 Okra 107:110 Okra 107:110 Okra is a widely accepted vegetable in subtropical and tropical regions due to the good palatability. 29037680 5 32 theme polysaccharide 442:455 arg1 It 433:434 It 433:434 It 433:434 It was a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" as shown below, and the structure was different to previously reported rhamnogalacturonans. 29037680 5 32 theme polysaccharide 442:455 arg1 " 476:476 a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" 440:476 a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" 440:476 It was a polysaccharide "rhamnogalacturonan" as shown below, and the structure was different to previously reported rhamnogalacturonans. 29037680 8 33 theme groups 805:810 arg1 weight 791:796 The body weight 782:796 The body weight of all groups 782:810 The body weight of all groups were not significantly different. 29037680 8 33 theme groups 805:810 arg1 different 835:843 different 835:843 different 835:843 The body weight of all groups were not significantly different. 29037680 6 34 theme hypoglycemic 574:585 arg1 effect 587:592 The hypoglycemic effect 570:592 The hypoglycemic effect of rhamnogalacturonan 570:614 The hypoglycemic effect of rhamnogalacturonan was determined in vivo. 29037680 7 35 theme diabetic 681:688 arg1 mice 690:693 streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice 658:693 streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice 658:693 By comparing with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice group, the high-dose group showed decreased blood glucose level and glucose tolerance. 29037680 3 36 theme polysaccharide 339:352 arg1 fraction 354:361 the leading polysaccharide fraction 327:361 the leading polysaccharide fraction 327:361 In this work, the water extract of okra pod was prepared and the leading polysaccharide fraction was purified. 27163609 0 0 from study 14:18 arg1 fruit 72:76 tamarillo fruit 62:76 tamarillo fruit 62:76 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 4 1 link -linked 705:711 arg1 α-L-arabinan 713:724 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 689:724 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 689:724 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 3 2 theme various 288:294 arg1 freeze-thaw 316:326 freeze-thaw 316:326 freeze-thaw 316:326 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 2 theme various 288:294 arg1 ultrafiltration 393:407 ultrafiltration 393:407 ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane 393:439 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 2 theme various 288:294 arg1 steps 309:313 various purification steps 288:313 various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane) 288:440 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 2 theme various 288:294 arg1 precipitation 375:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 2 theme various 288:294 arg1 α-amylase 332:340 α-amylase 332:340 α-amylase 332:340 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 1 3 theme locular 136:142 arg1 mucilage 126:133 mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides 126:175 mucilage 126:133 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 3 theme locular 136:142 arg1 tissue 144:149 locular tissue 136:149 locular tissue 136:149 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 4 theme betaceum 87:94 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 0:100 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 4 theme betaceum 87:94 arg1 Cav 96:98 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 3 5 theme HPSEC 516:520 arg1 analyses 544:551 sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses 497:551 sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses 497:551 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 5 6 with comparison 761:770 arg1 polysaccharides 777:791 polysaccharides 777:791 polysaccharides extracted from the pulp 777:815 A comparison with polysaccharides extracted from the pulp revealed that differences were observed in the yield and in the ratio of extracted polysaccharides. 27163609 0 7 theme Solanum 79:85 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 0:100 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 7 theme Solanum 79:85 arg1 Cav 96:98 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 6 8 theme branching 1086:1094 arg1 degree 1076:1081 the degree 1072:1081 the degree of branching of the xylans 1072:1108 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 5 9 located observed 848:855 arg1 yield 864:868 the yield 860:868 the yield 860:868 A comparison with polysaccharides extracted from the pulp revealed that differences were observed in the yield and in the ratio of extracted polysaccharides. 27163609 5 9 located observed 848:855 arg2 differences 831:841 differences 831:841 differences 831:841 A comparison with polysaccharides extracted from the pulp revealed that differences were observed in the yield and in the ratio of extracted polysaccharides. 27163609 4 10 theme -linked 705:711 arg1 α-L-arabinan 713:724 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 689:724 a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan 689:724 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 3 11 theme composition 503:513 arg1 analyses 544:551 sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses 497:551 sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses 497:551 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 12 theme 50 kDa 417:422 arg1 membrane 432:439 50 kDa cut-off membrane 417:439 50 kDa cut-off membrane 417:439 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 13 theme Fehling 367:373 arg1 steps 309:313 various purification steps 288:313 various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane) 288:440 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 13 theme Fehling 367:373 arg1 precipitation 375:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 14 theme purification 296:307 arg1 freeze-thaw 316:326 freeze-thaw 316:326 freeze-thaw 316:326 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 14 theme purification 296:307 arg1 ultrafiltration 393:407 ultrafiltration 393:407 ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane 393:439 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 14 theme purification 296:307 arg1 steps 309:313 various purification steps 288:313 various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane) 288:440 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 14 theme purification 296:307 arg1 precipitation 375:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 14 theme purification 296:307 arg1 α-amylase 332:340 α-amylase 332:340 α-amylase 332:340 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 4 15 theme linear 733:738 arg1 -β-D-xylan 747:756 a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan 731:756 a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan 731:756 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 6 16 theme chains 1042:1047 arg1 length 1027:1032 the length 1023:1032 the length of side chains of the pectins 1023:1062 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 3 17 theme cut-off 424:430 arg1 membrane 432:439 50 kDa cut-off membrane 417:439 50 kDa cut-off membrane 417:439 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 0 18 theme comparative 2:12 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 0:100 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 18 theme comparative 2:12 arg1 Cav 96:98 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 6 19 theme side 1037:1040 arg1 chains 1042:1047 side chains 1037:1047 side chains of the pectins 1037:1062 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 1 20 from study 117:121 arg1 fruits 197:202 ripe tamarillo fruits 182:202 ripe tamarillo fruits 182:202 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 3 21 theme spectroscopy 531:542 arg1 analyses 544:551 sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses 497:551 sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses 497:551 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 5 22 theme extracted 890:898 arg1 polysaccharides 900:914 extracted polysaccharides 890:914 extracted polysaccharides 890:914 A comparison with polysaccharides extracted from the pulp revealed that differences were observed in the yield and in the ratio of extracted polysaccharides. 27163609 1 23 theme pulp 156:159 arg1 polysaccharides 161:175 mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides 126:175 polysaccharides 161:175 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 6 24 theme structural 927:936 arg1 differences 938:948 structural differences 927:948 structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides 927:990 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 3 25 from mucilage 471:478 arg1 fractions 456:464 the obtained fractions 443:464 the obtained fractions from mucilage 443:478 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 5 26 theme polysaccharides 900:914 arg1 ratio 881:885 the ratio 877:885 the ratio of extracted polysaccharides 877:914 A comparison with polysaccharides extracted from the pulp revealed that differences were observed in the yield and in the ratio of extracted polysaccharides. 27163609 1 27 theme polysaccharides 161:175 arg1 study 117:121 A comparative study 103:121 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 103:226 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 27 theme polysaccharides 161:175 arg1 Cav 222:224 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 3 28 theme EC 344:345 arg1 treatments 355:364 EC 3.2.1.1 treatments 344:364 EC 3.2.1.1 treatments 344:364 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 6 29 theme xylans 1103:1108 arg1 branching 1086:1094 branching 1086:1094 branching of the xylans 1086:1108 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 3 30 theme NMR 527:529 arg1 spectroscopy 531:542 NMR spectroscopy 527:542 NMR spectroscopy 527:542 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 4 31 theme methoxylated 622:633 arg1 homogalacturonans 635:651 a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans 613:651 a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan 613:756 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 4 32 theme tamarillo 594:602 arg1 mucilage 582:589 the mucilage 578:589 the mucilage of tamarillo 578:602 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 0 33 from fruit 72:76 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 0:100 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 33 from fruit 72:76 arg1 Cav 96:98 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 33 from fruit 72:76 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 mucilage and pulp polysaccharides 23:55 mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit 23:76 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 34 theme ripe 182:185 arg1 fruits 197:202 ripe tamarillo fruits 182:202 ripe tamarillo fruits 182:202 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 35 theme mucilage 23:30 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 mucilage and pulp polysaccharides 23:55 mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit 23:76 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 3 36 dep steps 309:313 arg1 ultrafiltration 393:407 ultrafiltration 393:407 ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane 393:439 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 36 dep steps 309:313 arg1 treatments 355:364 EC 3.2.1.1 treatments 344:364 EC 3.2.1.1 treatments 344:364 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 36 dep steps 309:313 arg1 freeze-thaw 316:326 freeze-thaw 316:326 freeze-thaw 316:326 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 36 dep steps 309:313 arg1 α-amylase 332:340 α-amylase 332:340 α-amylase 332:340 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 36 dep steps 309:313 arg1 precipitation 375:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 Fehling precipitation 367:387 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 36 dep steps 309:313 arg1 steps 309:313 various purification steps 288:313 various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane) 288:440 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 1 37 theme tamarillo 187:195 arg1 fruits 197:202 ripe tamarillo fruits 182:202 ripe tamarillo fruits 182:202 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 38 theme polysaccharides 41:55 arg1 study 14:18 A comparative study 0:18 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 0:100 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 0 38 theme polysaccharides 41:55 arg1 Cav 96:98 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 Solanum betaceum Cav. 79:99 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 3 39 theme alkaline 263:270 arg1 extractions 272:282 aqueous and alkaline extractions 251:282 extractions 272:282 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 4 40 contain contains 604:611 arg2 homogalacturonans 635:651 a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans 613:651 a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan 613:756 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 4 40 contain contains 604:611 arg1 mucilage 582:589 the mucilage 578:589 the mucilage of tamarillo 578:602 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 6 41 located observed 1002:1009 arg2 differences 938:948 structural differences 927:948 structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides 927:990 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 6 41 located observed 1002:1009 arg1 length 1027:1032 the length 1023:1032 the length of side chains of the pectins 1023:1062 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 3 42 theme aqueous 251:257 arg1 extractions 272:282 aqueous and alkaline extractions 251:282 extractions 272:282 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 0 43 theme pulp 36:39 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 mucilage and pulp polysaccharides 23:55 mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit 23:76 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 44 from fruits 197:202 arg1 mucilage 126:133 mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides 126:175 mucilage 126:133 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 44 from fruits 197:202 arg1 tissue 144:149 locular tissue 136:149 locular tissue 136:149 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 44 from fruits 197:202 arg1 study 117:121 A comparative study 103:121 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 103:226 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 44 from fruits 197:202 arg1 Cav 222:224 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 44 from fruits 197:202 arg1 polysaccharides 161:175 mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides 126:175 polysaccharides 161:175 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 4 45 theme type 664:667 arg1 arabinogalactans 671:686 type I arabinogalactans 664:686 type I arabinogalactans 664:686 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 1 46 theme comparative 105:115 arg1 study 117:121 A comparative study 103:121 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 103:226 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 46 theme comparative 105:115 arg1 Cav 222:224 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 6 47 dep such 1012:1015 arg1 as 1017:1018 as 1017:1018 as 1017:1018 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 3 48 theme sugar 497:501 arg1 composition 503:513 sugar composition 497:513 sugar composition 497:513 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 3 49 theme obtained 447:454 arg1 fractions 456:464 the obtained fractions 443:464 the obtained fractions from mucilage 443:478 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 0 50 theme tamarillo 62:70 arg1 fruit 72:76 tamarillo fruit 62:76 tamarillo fruit 62:76 A comparative study of mucilage and pulp polysaccharides from tamarillo fruit (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 4 51 dep -β-D-xylan 747:756 arg1 1 → 4 741:745 1 → 4 741:745 1 → 4 741:745 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 4 52 theme I 669:669 arg1 arabinogalactans 671:686 type I arabinogalactans 664:686 type I arabinogalactans 664:686 The results showed that the mucilage of tamarillo contains a highly methoxylated homogalacturonans mixed with type I arabinogalactans, a linear (1 → 5)-linked α-L-arabinan, and a linear (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan. 27163609 3 53 theme 3.2.1.1 347:353 arg1 treatments 355:364 EC 3.2.1.1 treatments 344:364 EC 3.2.1.1 treatments 344:364 After aqueous and alkaline extractions and various purification steps (freeze-thaw and α-amylase - EC 3.2.1.1 treatments, Fehling precipitation and ultrafiltration through 50 kDa cut-off membrane), the obtained fractions from mucilage were analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 27163609 1 54 theme Solanum 205:211 arg1 study 117:121 A comparative study 103:121 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 103:226 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 54 theme Solanum 205:211 arg1 Cav 222:224 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 6 55 theme pectins 1056:1062 arg1 chains 1042:1047 side chains 1037:1047 side chains of the pectins 1037:1062 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 6 56 dep pulp 958:961 arg1 polysaccharides 976:990 polysaccharides 976:990 polysaccharides 976:990 Moreover, structural differences between pulp and mucilage polysaccharides were also observed, such as in the length of side chains of the pectins, and in the degree of branching of the xylans. 27163609 1 57 theme mucilage 126:133 arg1 study 117:121 A comparative study 103:121 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 103:226 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 57 theme mucilage 126:133 arg1 Cav 222:224 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 58 theme betaceum 213:220 arg1 study 117:121 A comparative study 103:121 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 103:226 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 27163609 1 58 theme betaceum 213:220 arg1 Cav 222:224 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 Solanum betaceum Cav. 205:225 A comparative study of mucilage (locular tissue) and pulp polysaccharides from ripe tamarillo fruits (Solanum betaceum Cav.) 24366264 8 0 theme LPS 1370:1372 arg1 molecule 1374:1381 the entire LPS molecule 1359:1381 the entire LPS molecule 1359:1381 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 6 1 theme cell-attached 974:986 arg1 recordings 994:1003 cell-attached patch recordings 974:1003 cell-attached patch recordings 974:1003 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 1 2 theme inflammatory 183:194 arg1 diseases 196:203 severe inflammatory diseases 176:203 severe inflammatory diseases 176:203 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 0 3 theme lipopolysaccharide 74:91 arg1 intercalation 57:69 intercalation 57:69 intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains 57:137 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 9 4 theme target 1577:1582 arg1 membranes 1589:1597 target cell membranes 1577:1597 target cell membranes 1577:1597 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 2 5 theme node 386:389 arg1 cells 391:395 sinoatrial node cells 375:395 sinoatrial node cells 375:395 Recently, we showed that LPS inhibits pacemaker current in sinoatrial node cells and in HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively. 24366264 11 6 with interaction 1853:1863 arg1 channels 1920:1927 cardiac pacemaker channels 1902:1927 cardiac pacemaker channels 1902:1927 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 1 7 theme cardiac 288:294 arg1 channels 306:313 cardiac pacemaker channels 288:313 cardiac pacemaker channels 288:313 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 0 8 theme membrane 117:124 arg1 microdomains 126:137 channel-containing membrane microdomains 98:137 channel-containing membrane microdomains 98:137 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 10 9 theme local 1641:1645 arg1 mechanism 1647:1655 a local mechanism 1639:1655 a local mechanism that is restricted to the vicinity of the channels 1639:1706 We conclude that LPS impairs IhHCN2 by a local mechanism that is restricted to the vicinity of the channels. 24366264 10 9 theme local 1641:1645 arg1 restricted 1665:1674 restricted 1665:1674 restricted 1665:1674 We conclude that LPS impairs IhHCN2 by a local mechanism that is restricted to the vicinity of the channels. 24366264 3 10 theme responsible 616:626 arg1 structures 598:607 structures 598:607 structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation 598:659 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 1 11 theme pacemaker 296:304 arg1 channels 306:313 cardiac pacemaker channels 288:313 cardiac pacemaker channels 288:313 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 0 12 theme channel-containing 98:115 arg1 microdomains 126:137 channel-containing membrane microdomains 98:137 channel-containing membrane microdomains 98:137 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 6 13 theme channel 954:960 arg1 activity 962:969 channel activity 954:969 channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution 954:1074 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 3 14 theme LPS-dependent 543:555 arg1 signalling 571:580 LPS-dependent intracellular signalling 543:580 LPS-dependent intracellular signalling 543:580 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 1 15 theme channels 306:313 arg1 modulation 274:283 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation 235:283 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels 235:313 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 1 16 theme Depressed 140:148 arg1 variability 161:171 Depressed heart rate variability 140:171 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases 140:203 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 8 17 theme channel 1303:1309 arg1 activity 1311:1318 channel activity 1303:1318 channel activity 1303:1318 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 10 18 theme channels 1699:1706 arg1 vicinity 1683:1690 the vicinity 1679:1690 the vicinity of the channels 1679:1706 We conclude that LPS impairs IhHCN2 by a local mechanism that is restricted to the vicinity of the channels. 24366264 2 19 theme cloned 428:433 arg1 channels 445:452 cloned pacemaker channels 428:452 cloned pacemaker channels 428:452 Recently, we showed that LPS inhibits pacemaker current in sinoatrial node cells and in HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively. 24366264 9 20 theme lipid 1507:1511 arg1 A 1513:1513 lipid A 1507:1513 lipid A 1507:1513 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 5 21 theme bath 847:850 arg1 application 852:862 bath application 847:862 bath application of LPS 847:869 In whole-cell recordings, bath application of LPS decreased pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude. 24366264 9 22 theme cell 1584:1587 arg1 membranes 1589:1597 target cell membranes 1577:1597 target cell membranes 1577:1597 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 5 23 theme whole-cell 824:833 arg1 recordings 835:844 whole-cell recordings 824:844 whole-cell recordings 824:844 In whole-cell recordings, bath application of LPS decreased pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude. 24366264 11 24 theme chain 1891:1895 arg1 interaction 1853:1863 the direct interaction 1842:1863 the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels 1842:1927 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 1 25 from variability 161:171 arg1 diseases 196:203 severe inflammatory diseases 176:203 severe inflammatory diseases 176:203 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 4 26 theme HEK293 807:812 arg1 cells 814:818 HEK293 cells 807:818 HEK293 cells 807:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 11 27 theme lipid 1739:1743 arg1 A 1745:1745 lipid A 1739:1745 lipid A 1739:1745 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 4 28 theme cyclic 745:750 arg1 channel 769:775 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 711:777 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 711:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 4 28 theme cyclic 745:750 arg1 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 5 29 theme pacemaker 881:889 arg1 amplitude 908:916 pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude 881:916 pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude 881:916 In whole-cell recordings, bath application of LPS decreased pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude. 24366264 11 30 theme direct 1846:1851 arg1 interaction 1853:1863 the direct interaction 1842:1863 the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels 1842:1927 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 7 31 theme channel 1148:1154 arg1 protein 1156:1162 the channel protein 1144:1162 the channel protein 1144:1162 This demonstrates that LPS must interact directly with or close to the channel protein. 24366264 4 32 theme human 711:715 arg1 channel 769:775 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 711:777 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 711:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 4 32 theme human 711:715 arg1 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 3 33 theme pacemaker 632:640 arg1 modulation 650:659 pacemaker current modulation 632:659 pacemaker current modulation 632:659 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 2 34 theme HEK293 404:409 arg1 cells 411:415 HEK293 cells 404:415 HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively 404:466 Recently, we showed that LPS inhibits pacemaker current in sinoatrial node cells and in HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively. 24366264 0 35 theme pacemaker 22:30 arg1 hHCN2 40:44 cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 14:44 cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 14:44 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 6 36 contain had 937:939 arg1 protocol 928:935 The same protocol 919:935 The same protocol 919:935 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 6 36 contain had 937:939 arg2 effect 944:949 no effect 941:949 no effect 941:949 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 9 37 theme A 1513:1513 arg1 scavenging 1493:1502 scavenging 1493:1502 scavenging of lipid A 1493:1513 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 3 38 theme LPS 612:614 arg1 structures 598:607 structures 598:607 structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation 598:659 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 5 39 theme IhHCN2 900:905 arg1 amplitude 908:916 pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude 881:916 pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude 881:916 In whole-cell recordings, bath application of LPS decreased pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude. 24366264 0 40 theme cardiac 14:20 arg1 hHCN2 40:44 cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 14:44 cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 14:44 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 11 41 theme target 1752:1757 arg1 membranes 1764:1772 target cell membranes 1752:1772 target cell membranes 1752:1772 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 3 42 theme intracellular 557:569 arg1 signalling 571:580 LPS-dependent intracellular signalling 543:580 LPS-dependent intracellular signalling 543:580 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 4 43 theme LPS 688:690 arg1 effect 678:683 the effect 674:683 the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 674:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 0 44 theme hHCN2 40:44 arg1 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition 0:9 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 0:44 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 11 45 theme pacemaker 1910:1918 arg1 channels 1920:1927 cardiac pacemaker channels 1902:1927 cardiac pacemaker channels 1902:1927 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 11 46 theme cardiac 1902:1908 arg1 channels 1920:1927 cardiac pacemaker channels 1902:1927 cardiac pacemaker channels 1902:1927 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 11 47 theme cell 1759:1762 arg1 membranes 1764:1772 target cell membranes 1752:1772 target cell membranes 1752:1772 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 4 48 theme hyperpolarization-activated 717:743 arg1 channel 769:775 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 711:777 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 711:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 4 48 theme hyperpolarization-activated 717:743 arg1 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 0 49 theme channel 32:38 arg1 hHCN2 40:44 cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 14:44 cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 14:44 Inhibition of cardiac pacemaker channel hHCN2 depends on intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into channel-containing membrane microdomains. 24366264 11 50 theme LPS 1872:1874 arg1 chain 1891:1895 the LPS polysaccharide chain 1868:1895 the LPS polysaccharide chain 1868:1895 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 6 51 theme bath 1062:1065 arg1 solution 1067:1074 the LPS-containing bath solution 1043:1074 the LPS-containing bath solution 1043:1074 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 6 52 theme same 923:926 arg1 protocol 928:935 The same protocol 919:935 The same protocol 919:935 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 5 53 theme current 891:897 arg1 amplitude 908:916 pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude 881:916 pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude 881:916 In whole-cell recordings, bath application of LPS decreased pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude. 24366264 2 54 theme pacemaker 435:443 arg1 channels 445:452 cloned pacemaker channels 428:452 cloned pacemaker channels 428:452 Recently, we showed that LPS inhibits pacemaker current in sinoatrial node cells and in HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively. 24366264 8 55 theme polysaccharide 1208:1221 arg1 chain 1223:1227 the polysaccharide chain 1204:1227 the polysaccharide chain 1204:1227 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 3 56 theme present 473:479 arg1 study 481:485 The present study 469:485 The present study 469:485 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 3 57 theme current 642:648 arg1 modulation 650:659 pacemaker current modulation 632:659 pacemaker current modulation 632:659 The present study was designed to verify whether this inhibition involves LPS-dependent intracellular signalling and to identify structures of LPS responsible for pacemaker current modulation. 24366264 2 58 theme sinoatrial 375:384 arg1 cells 391:395 sinoatrial node cells 375:395 sinoatrial node cells 375:395 Recently, we showed that LPS inhibits pacemaker current in sinoatrial node cells and in HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively. 24366264 5 59 theme LPS 867:869 arg1 application 852:862 bath application 847:862 bath application of LPS 847:869 In whole-cell recordings, bath application of LPS decreased pacemaker current (IhHCN2) amplitude. 24366264 1 60 theme heart 150:154 arg1 variability 161:171 Depressed heart rate variability 140:171 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases 140:203 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 6 61 from activity 962:969 arg1 recordings 994:1003 cell-attached patch recordings 974:1003 cell-attached patch recordings 974:1003 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 8 62 theme LPS 1183:1185 arg1 cleavage 1171:1178 cleavage 1171:1178 cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain 1171:1227 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 4 63 theme nucleotide-gated 752:767 arg1 channel 769:775 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 711:777 human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 711:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 4 63 theme nucleotide-gated 752:767 arg1 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 hHCN2 780:784 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 1 64 theme rate 156:159 arg1 variability 161:171 Depressed heart rate variability 140:171 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases 140:203 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 9 65 theme LPS-dependent 1442:1454 arg1 modulation 1464:1473 LPS-dependent channel modulation 1442:1473 LPS-dependent channel modulation 1442:1473 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 6 66 theme LPS-containing 1047:1060 arg1 solution 1067:1074 the LPS-containing bath solution 1043:1074 the LPS-containing bath solution 1043:1074 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 8 67 theme entire 1363:1368 arg1 molecule 1374:1381 the entire LPS molecule 1359:1381 the entire LPS molecule 1359:1381 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 2 68 theme pacemaker 354:362 arg1 current 364:370 pacemaker current 354:370 pacemaker current 354:370 Recently, we showed that LPS inhibits pacemaker current in sinoatrial node cells and in HEK293 cells expressing cloned pacemaker channels, respectively. 24366264 8 69 theme molecule 1374:1381 arg1 integrity 1346:1354 the integrity 1342:1354 the integrity of the entire LPS molecule 1342:1381 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 9 70 theme channel 1456:1462 arg1 modulation 1464:1473 LPS-dependent channel modulation 1442:1473 LPS-dependent channel modulation 1442:1473 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 8 71 theme lipid 1192:1196 arg1 A 1198:1198 lipid A 1192:1198 lipid A 1192:1198 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 9 72 theme LPS 1553:1555 arg1 capability 1539:1548 the capability 1535:1548 the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes 1535:1597 We furthermore showed that β-cyclodextrin interfered with LPS-dependent channel modulation predominantly via scavenging of lipid A, thereby abrogating the capability of LPS to intercalate into target cell membranes. 24366264 11 73 theme A 1745:1745 arg1 intercalation 1722:1734 intercalation 1722:1734 intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes 1722:1772 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 11 73 theme A 1745:1745 arg1 prerequisite 1779:1790 a prerequisite 1777:1790 a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels 1777:1927 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 8 74 theme activity 1311:1318 arg1 modulation 1289:1298 modulation 1289:1298 modulation of channel activity 1289:1318 After cleavage of LPS into lipid A and the polysaccharide chain, neither of them alone impaired IhHCN2, which suggests that modulation of channel activity critically depends on the integrity of the entire LPS molecule. 24366264 4 75 theme channel 769:775 arg1 activity 699:706 the activity 695:706 the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 695:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 1 76 theme -dependent 263:272 arg1 modulation 274:283 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation 235:283 the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels 235:313 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 4 77 from effect 678:683 arg1 activity 699:706 the activity 695:706 the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells 695:818 We examined the effect of LPS on the activity of human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (hHCN2) stably expressed in HEK293 cells. 24366264 6 78 theme patch 988:992 arg1 recordings 994:1003 cell-attached patch recordings 974:1003 cell-attached patch recordings 974:1003 The same protocol had no effect on channel activity in cell-attached patch recordings, in which channels are protected from the LPS-containing bath solution. 24366264 1 79 theme severe 176:181 arg1 diseases 196:203 severe inflammatory diseases 176:203 severe inflammatory diseases 176:203 Depressed heart rate variability in severe inflammatory diseases can be partially explained by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-dependent modulation of cardiac pacemaker channels. 24366264 11 80 theme polysaccharide 1876:1889 arg1 chain 1891:1895 the LPS polysaccharide chain 1868:1895 the LPS polysaccharide chain 1868:1895 Furthermore, intercalation of lipid A into target cell membranes is a prerequisite for the inhibition that is suggested to depend on the direct interaction of the LPS polysaccharide chain with cardiac pacemaker channels. 24789815 0 0 theme H 61:61 arg1 epitopes 63:70 H epitopes 61:70 H epitopes 61:70 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 2 1 from particular 373:382 arg1 relation 387:394 relation 387:394 relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes 387:445 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 1 2 from infants 262:268 arg1 risk 240:243 the risk 236:243 the risk of infections in infants 236:268 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 5 3 theme glycoprotein 1099:1110 arg1 glycans 1112:1118 glycoprotein glycans 1099:1118 glycoprotein glycans 1099:1118 The developed method is based on the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans. 24789815 2 4 theme group-type 427:436 arg1 epitopes 438:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 6 5 theme HMO 1185:1187 arg1 samples 1189:1195 36 HMO samples 1182:1195 36 HMO samples 1182:1195 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 2 6 theme HMOs 295:298 arg1 structures 275:284 The structures 271:284 The structures of these HMOs 271:298 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 4 7 theme HMO 962:964 arg1 samples 966:972 different HMO samples 952:972 different HMO samples 952:972 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 1 8 theme important 209:217 arg1 role 219:222 an important role 206:222 an important role 206:222 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 2 9 from relation 387:394 arg1 particular 373:382 particular 373:382 particular 373:382 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 2 9 from relation 387:394 arg1 epitopes 438:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 1 10 from infections 248:257 arg1 infants 262:268 infants 262:268 infants 262:268 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 4 11 theme analysis 767:774 arg1 method 776:781 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 6 12 theme Further 1121:1127 arg1 evaluation 1129:1138 Further evaluation 1121:1138 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples 1121:1195 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 4 13 theme different 952:960 arg1 samples 966:972 different HMO samples 952:972 different HMO samples 952:972 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 4 14 theme fucose 871:876 arg1 residues 878:885 (α1-4)-linked fucose residues 857:885 (α1-4)-linked fucose residues 857:885 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 0 15 theme epitopes 63:70 arg1 analysis 42:49 1H NMR analysis 35:49 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes 35:70 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 4 16 theme one-dimensional 713:727 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 6 17 theme milk 1232:1235 arg1 groups 1237:1242 the four milk groups 1223:1242 the four milk groups 1223:1242 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 0 18 theme milk 81:84 arg1 samples 108:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 6 19 theme epitopes 1294:1301 arg1 levels 1257:1262 the relative levels 1244:1262 the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes 1244:1301 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 1 20 from risk 240:243 arg1 infants 262:268 infants 262:268 infants 262:268 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 6 21 theme samples 1189:1195 arg1 analysis 1170:1177 the analysis 1166:1177 the analysis of 36 HMO samples 1166:1195 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 0 22 theme human 75:79 arg1 samples 108:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 2 23 theme blood 421:425 arg1 epitopes 438:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 7 24 theme group 1390:1394 arg1 separation 1343:1352 a separation 1341:1352 a separation of the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group into two sub-groups 1341:1414 The data also allow a separation of the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group into two sub-groups. 24789815 2 25 theme maternal 461:468 arg1 pattern 470:476 the maternal pattern 457:476 the maternal pattern 457:476 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 0 26 theme milk 6:9 arg1 classification 17:30 Rapid milk group classification 0:30 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 0:115 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 3 27 theme Lewis-negative 669:682 arg1 non-Secretors 684:696 Lewis-negative non-Secretors 669:696 Lewis-negative non-Secretors 669:696 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 7 28 theme Secretor 1376:1383 arg1 group 1390:1394 the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group 1357:1394 the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group 1357:1394 The data also allow a separation of the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group into two sub-groups. 24789815 4 29 theme -linked 863:869 arg1 residues 878:885 (α1-4)-linked fucose residues 857:885 (α1-4)-linked fucose residues 857:885 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 5 30 theme structural-reporter-group 1041:1065 arg1 concept 1067:1073 the NMR structural-reporter-group concept 1033:1073 the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans 1033:1118 The developed method is based on the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans. 24789815 2 31 theme group 329:333 arg1 antigens 335:342 blood group antigens 323:342 blood group antigens in protein glycosylation 323:367 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 0 32 theme Rapid 0:4 arg1 classification 17:30 Rapid milk group classification 0:30 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 0:115 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 2 33 with similarities 305:316 arg1 antigens 335:342 blood group antigens 323:342 blood group antigens in protein glycosylation 323:367 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 7 34 theme milk 1385:1388 arg1 group 1390:1394 the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group 1357:1394 the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group 1357:1394 The data also allow a separation of the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group into two sub-groups. 24789815 3 35 theme Lewis 517:521 arg1 system 535:540 the Secretor and Lewis blood group system 500:540 system 535:540 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 2 36 theme blood 323:327 arg1 antigens 335:342 blood group antigens 323:342 blood group antigens in protein glycosylation 323:367 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 0 37 theme donor 102:106 arg1 samples 108:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 4 38 theme rapid 707:711 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 4 39 theme milk 988:991 arg1 group 993:997 a specific milk group 977:997 a specific milk group 977:997 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 1 40 theme major 158:162 arg1 constituent 164:174 a major constituent 156:174 a major constituent of human breast milk 156:195 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 1 40 theme major 158:162 arg1 oligosaccharides 128:143 Human milk oligosaccharides 117:143 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 117:150 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 0 41 theme group 11:15 arg1 classification 17:30 Rapid milk group classification 0:30 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 0:115 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 4 42 from presence/absence 816:831 arg1 samples 894:900 HMO samples 890:900 HMO samples 890:900 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 0 43 theme oligosaccharide 86:100 arg1 samples 108:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 4 44 theme α1-3 846:849 arg1 presence/absence 816:831 the presence/absence 812:831 the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples 812:900 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 0 45 theme 1H 35:36 arg1 analysis 42:49 1H NMR analysis 35:49 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes 35:70 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 6 46 theme fucosylation 1281:1292 arg1 epitopes 1294:1301 the different fucosylation epitopes 1267:1301 the different fucosylation epitopes 1267:1301 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 4 47 link -linked 863:869 arg1 residues 878:885 (α1-4)-linked fucose residues 857:885 (α1-4)-linked fucose residues 857:885 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 4 48 theme NMR 762:764 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 5 49 gly glycoprotein 1099:1110 arg1 glycoprotein 1099:1110 glycoprotein glycans 1099:1118 glycoprotein glycans 1099:1118 The developed method is based on the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans. 24789815 6 50 theme data 1147:1150 arg1 evaluation 1129:1138 Further evaluation 1121:1138 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples 1121:1195 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 2 51 theme Lewis 415:419 arg1 epitopes 438:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 Lewis blood group-type epitopes 415:445 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 1 52 theme infections 248:257 arg1 risk 240:243 the risk 236:243 the risk of infections in infants 236:268 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 3 53 dep Secretors 599:607 arg1 i.e. 579:582 i.e. 579:582 i.e. 579:582 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 1 54 theme human 179:183 arg1 milk 192:195 human breast milk 179:195 human breast milk 179:195 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 4 55 theme essential 917:925 arg1 information 927:937 the essential information 913:937 the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group 913:997 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 4 56 theme α1-2 837:840 arg1 presence/absence 816:831 the presence/absence 812:831 the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples 812:900 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 3 57 theme blood 523:527 arg1 system 535:540 the Secretor and Lewis blood group system 500:540 system 535:540 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 0 58 theme NMR 38:40 arg1 analysis 42:49 1H NMR analysis 35:49 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes 35:70 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 5 59 theme NMR 1037:1039 arg1 concept 1067:1073 the NMR structural-reporter-group concept 1033:1073 the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans 1033:1118 The developed method is based on the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans. 24789815 3 60 theme Lewis-negative 640:653 arg1 Secretors 655:663 Lewis-negative Secretors 640:663 Lewis-negative Secretors 640:663 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 3 61 theme group 529:533 arg1 system 535:540 the Secretor and Lewis blood group system 500:540 system 535:540 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 5 62 theme developed 1004:1012 arg1 method 1014:1019 The developed method 1000:1019 The developed method 1000:1019 The developed method is based on the NMR structural-reporter-group concept earlier established for glycoprotein glycans. 24789815 4 63 theme residues 878:885 arg1 presence/absence 816:831 the presence/absence 812:831 the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples 812:900 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 4 64 theme magnetic 742:749 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 3 65 theme Lewis-positive 610:623 arg1 non-Secretors 625:637 Lewis-positive non-Secretors 610:637 Lewis-positive non-Secretors 610:637 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 4 66 theme nuclear 734:740 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 2 67 from antigens 335:342 arg1 glycosylation 355:367 protein glycosylation 347:367 protein glycosylation 347:367 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 7 68 theme Lewis-positive 1361:1374 arg1 group 1390:1394 the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group 1357:1394 the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group 1357:1394 The data also allow a separation of the Lewis-positive Secretor milk group into two sub-groups. 24789815 1 69 theme breast 185:190 arg1 milk 192:195 human breast milk 179:195 human breast milk 179:195 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 4 70 theme HMO 890:892 arg1 samples 894:900 HMO samples 890:900 HMO samples 890:900 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 3 71 theme Lewis-positive 584:597 arg1 Secretors 599:607 Lewis-positive Secretors 584:607 Lewis-positive Secretors 584:607 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 4 72 theme H 732:732 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 4 73 theme specific 979:986 arg1 group 993:997 a specific milk group 977:997 a specific milk group 977:997 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 1 74 theme milk 192:195 arg1 constituent 164:174 a major constituent 156:174 a major constituent of human breast milk 156:195 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 1 74 theme milk 192:195 arg1 oligosaccharides 128:143 Human milk oligosaccharides 117:143 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 117:150 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 0 75 theme Le 54:55 arg1 analysis 42:49 1H NMR analysis 35:49 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes 35:70 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 2 76 theme protein 347:353 arg1 glycosylation 355:367 protein glycosylation 347:367 protein glycosylation 347:367 The structures of these HMOs show similarities with blood group antigens in protein glycosylation, in particular in relation to fucosylation in Lewis blood group-type epitopes, matching the maternal pattern. 24789815 4 77 theme resonance 751:759 arg1 analysis 767:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis 705:774 a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method 705:781 Here, a rapid one-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis method is presented that identifies the presence/absence of (α1-2)-, (α1-3)- and (α1-4)-linked fucose residues in HMO samples, affording the essential information to attribute different HMO samples to a specific milk group. 24789815 1 78 theme Human 117:121 arg1 constituent 164:174 a major constituent 156:174 a major constituent of human breast milk 156:195 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 1 78 theme Human 117:121 arg1 HMOs 146:149 HMOs 146:149 HMOs 146:149 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 1 78 theme Human 117:121 arg1 oligosaccharides 128:143 Human milk oligosaccharides 117:143 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 117:150 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 6 79 theme different 1271:1279 arg1 epitopes 1294:1301 the different fucosylation epitopes 1267:1301 the different fucosylation epitopes 1267:1301 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 24789815 0 80 from classification 17:30 arg1 samples 108:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 human milk oligosaccharide donor samples 75:114 Rapid milk group classification by 1H NMR analysis of Le and H epitopes in human milk oligosaccharide donor samples. 24789815 3 81 theme milk 548:551 arg1 groups 553:558 four milk groups 543:558 four milk groups 543:558 Previously, based on the Secretor and Lewis blood group system, four milk groups have been defined, i.e. Lewis-positive Secretors, Lewis-positive non-Secretors, Lewis-negative Secretors and Lewis-negative non-Secretors. 24789815 1 82 theme milk 123:126 arg1 constituent 164:174 a major constituent 156:174 a major constituent of human breast milk 156:195 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 1 82 theme milk 123:126 arg1 HMOs 146:149 HMOs 146:149 HMOs 146:149 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 1 82 theme milk 123:126 arg1 oligosaccharides 128:143 Human milk oligosaccharides 117:143 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 117:150 Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major constituent of human breast milk and play an important role in reducing the risk of infections in infants. 24789815 6 83 theme relative 1248:1255 arg1 levels 1257:1262 the relative levels 1244:1262 the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes 1244:1301 Further evaluation of the data obtained from the analysis of 36 HMO samples shows that within each of the four milk groups the relative levels of the different fucosylation epitopes can greatly vary. 26964925 0 0 theme nanoemulsions 89:101 arg1 formulation 57:67 the formulation 53:67 the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 53:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 4 1 dep variables 827:835 arg1 predicted 840:848 predicted 840:848 predicted by CCD 840:855 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 1 2 theme β-D-glucan 187:196 arg1 configuration 198:210 β-D-glucan configuration 187:210 β-D-glucan configuration 187:210 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 0 3 theme based 83:87 arg1 nanoemulsions 89:101 palm-olein based nanoemulsions 72:101 palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 72:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 1 4 theme configuration 198:210 arg1 Polysaccharides 168:182 Polysaccharides 168:182 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration 168:210 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 1 5 theme metabolic 312:320 arg1 processes 322:330 metabolic processes 312:330 metabolic processes 312:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 4 6 theme physical 896:903 arg1 characteristics 905:919 the physical characteristics 892:919 the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions 892:962 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 3 7 theme surface 633:639 arg1 Design--CCD 679:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 3 7 theme surface 633:639 arg1 design 653:658 response surface statistical design 624:658 response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) 624:690 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 1 8 theme processes 322:330 arg1 oxidation 299:307 the oxidation 295:307 the oxidation of metabolic processes 295:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 3 9 theme Central 661:667 arg1 Design--CCD 679:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 3 9 theme Central 661:667 arg1 design 653:658 response surface statistical design 624:658 response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) 624:690 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 6 10 theme free 1315:1318 arg1 β-D-glucan 1320:1329 free β-D-glucan 1315:1329 free β-D-glucan 1315:1329 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 3 11 theme statistical 641:651 arg1 Design--CCD 679:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 3 11 theme statistical 641:651 arg1 design 653:658 response surface statistical design 624:658 response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) 624:690 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 2 12 theme olein 434:438 arg1 systems 481:487 carrier systems 473:487 carrier systems 473:487 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 12 theme olein 434:438 arg1 nanoemulsions 446:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions 429:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications 429:611 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 6 13 theme higher 1272:1277 arg1 activity 1291:1298 higher antioxidant activity 1272:1298 higher antioxidant activity 1272:1298 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 2 14 theme care 595:598 arg1 applications 600:611 skin care applications 590:611 skin care applications 590:611 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 5 15 theme β-D-glucan-loaded 1048:1064 arg1 nanoemulsions 1066:1078 the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions 1044:1078 the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions 1044:1078 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 4 16 theme droplet 984:990 arg1 size 992:995 droplet size 984:995 droplet size 984:995 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 5 17 theme storage 1134:1140 arg1 °C 1156:1157 4 °C and 25 °C 1154:1167 °C 1156:1157 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 5 17 theme storage 1134:1140 arg1 °C 1166:1167 4 °C and 25 °C 1154:1167 °C 1166:1167 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 5 17 theme storage 1134:1140 arg1 conditions 1142:1151 different storage conditions 1124:1151 different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C) 1124:1168 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 6 18 theme based 1200:1204 arg1 nanoemulsion 1224:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion 1189:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound 1189:1262 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 2 19 theme carrier 473:479 arg1 systems 481:487 carrier systems 473:487 carrier systems 473:487 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 19 theme carrier 473:479 arg1 nanoemulsions 446:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions 429:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications 429:611 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 20 theme skin 590:593 arg1 applications 600:611 skin care applications 590:611 skin care applications 590:611 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 21 dep delivery 504:511 arg1 the 500:502 the 500:502 the 500:502 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 3 22 theme response 624:631 arg1 Design--CCD 679:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 3 22 theme response 624:631 arg1 design 653:658 response surface statistical design 624:658 response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) 624:690 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 1 23 theme well-known 217:226 arg1 activity 240:247 well-known antioxidant activity 217:247 well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes 217:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 0 24 from emulsification 35:48 arg1 formulation 57:67 the formulation 53:67 the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 53:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 2 25 theme Ganoderma 390:398 arg1 lucidum 400:406 Ganoderma lucidum 390:406 Ganoderma lucidum 390:406 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 1 26 theme antioxidant 228:238 arg1 activity 240:247 well-known antioxidant activity 217:247 well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes 217:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 3 27 theme Composite 669:677 arg1 Design--CCD 679:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Central Composite Design--CCD 661:689 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 3 27 theme Composite 669:677 arg1 design 653:658 response surface statistical design 624:658 response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) 624:690 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 6 28 theme olein 1194:1198 arg1 nanoemulsion 1224:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion 1189:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound 1189:1262 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 0 29 theme β-D-glucan 140:149 arg1 polysaccharides 151:165 antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 128:165 antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 128:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 6 30 theme palm 1189:1192 arg1 nanoemulsion 1224:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion 1189:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound 1189:1262 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 0 31 theme ultrasound 16:25 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of ultrasound 0:25 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 0 32 theme antioxidant 128:138 arg1 polysaccharides 151:165 antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 128:165 antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 128:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 3 33 theme oil-in-water 747:758 arg1 nanoemulsions 766:778 oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions 747:778 oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound 747:800 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 2 34 theme palm 429:432 arg1 systems 481:487 carrier systems 473:487 carrier systems 473:487 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 34 theme palm 429:432 arg1 nanoemulsions 446:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions 429:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications 429:611 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 1 35 theme reactive 257:264 arg1 radicals 271:278 reactive free radicals 257:278 reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes 257:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 5 36 dep conditions 1142:1151 arg1 °C 1156:1157 4 °C and 25 °C 1154:1167 °C 1156:1157 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 5 36 dep conditions 1142:1151 arg1 °C 1166:1167 4 °C and 25 °C 1154:1167 °C 1166:1167 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 5 36 dep conditions 1142:1151 arg1 conditions 1142:1151 different storage conditions 1124:1151 different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C) 1124:1168 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 4 37 theme nanoemulsions 950:962 arg1 characteristics 905:919 the physical characteristics 892:919 the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions 892:962 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 1 38 theme free 266:269 arg1 radicals 271:278 reactive free radicals 257:278 reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes 257:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 0 39 theme polysaccharides 151:165 arg1 incorporation 111:123 the incorporation 107:123 the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 107:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 4 40 theme formulated 939:948 arg1 nanoemulsions 950:962 ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions 924:962 ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions 924:962 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 2 41 theme polysaccharides 538:552 arg1 bioactivity 517:527 bioactivity 517:527 bioactivity 517:527 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 41 theme polysaccharides 538:552 arg1 delivery 504:511 delivery 504:511 delivery 504:511 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 1 42 contain have 212:215 arg2 activity 240:247 well-known antioxidant activity 217:247 well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes 217:330 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 1 42 contain have 212:215 arg1 Polysaccharides 168:182 Polysaccharides 168:182 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration 168:210 Polysaccharides of β-D-glucan configuration have well-known antioxidant activity against reactive free radicals generated from the oxidation of metabolic processes. 26964925 5 43 theme different 1124:1132 arg1 °C 1156:1157 4 °C and 25 °C 1154:1167 °C 1156:1157 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 5 43 theme different 1124:1132 arg1 °C 1166:1167 4 °C and 25 °C 1154:1167 °C 1166:1167 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 5 43 theme different 1124:1132 arg1 conditions 1142:1151 different storage conditions 1124:1151 different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C) 1124:1168 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 4 44 theme formulation 815:825 arg1 variables 827:835 The optimal formulation variables 803:835 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD 803:855 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 4 45 dep polydispersity 998:1011 arg1 index 1013:1017 index 1013:1017 polydispersity index 998:1017 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 3 46 theme nanoemulsions 766:778 arg1 variables 734:742 the formulation variables 718:742 the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound 718:800 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 4 47 theme optimal 807:813 arg1 variables 827:835 The optimal formulation variables 803:835 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD 803:855 The optimal formulation variables as predicted by CCD resulted in considerably improving the physical characteristics of ultrasonically formulated nanoemulsions by minimizing their droplet size, polydispersity index and viscosity. 26964925 6 48 theme antioxidant 1279:1289 arg1 activity 1291:1298 higher antioxidant activity 1272:1298 higher antioxidant activity 1272:1298 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 3 49 theme O/W 761:763 arg1 nanoemulsions 766:778 oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions 747:778 oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound 747:800 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 3 50 theme formulation 722:732 arg1 variables 734:742 the formulation variables 718:742 the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound 718:800 Initially response surface statistical design (Central Composite Design--CCD) was subjected to optimize the formulation variables of oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions induced by ultrasound. 26964925 5 51 theme good 1090:1093 arg1 stability 1095:1103 good stability 1090:1103 good stability 1090:1103 Moreover, the β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsions exhibited good stability over 90 days under different storage conditions (4 °C and 25 °C). 26964925 0 52 theme palm-olein 72:81 arg1 nanoemulsions 89:101 palm-olein based nanoemulsions 72:101 palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides 72:165 Optimization of ultrasound induced emulsification on the formulation of palm-olein based nanoemulsions for the incorporation of antioxidant β-D-glucan polysaccharides. 26964925 6 53 theme β-D-glucan-loaded 1206:1222 arg1 nanoemulsion 1224:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion 1189:1235 palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound 1189:1262 The studies using palm olein based β-D-glucan-loaded nanoemulsion generated using ultrasound confirm higher antioxidant activity as compared to free β-D-glucan. 26964925 2 54 theme based 440:444 arg1 systems 481:487 carrier systems 473:487 carrier systems 473:487 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 26964925 2 54 theme based 440:444 arg1 nanoemulsions 446:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions 429:458 palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications 429:611 In this study, β-D-glucan-polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum were incorporated in palm olein based nanoemulsions which act as carrier systems to enhance the delivery and bioactivity of these polysaccharides and could be potentially useful for skin care applications. 27996198 0 0 from Role 8:11 arg1 Activity 62:69 Fucoidan Antitumor Activity 43:69 Fucoidan Antitumor Activity 43:69 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 27996198 8 1 theme last 1054:1057 arg1 properties 1063:1072 these last two properties 1048:1072 these last two properties 1048:1072 Based on all these experimental data, it is believed that these last two properties are the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts. 27996198 8 1 theme last 1054:1057 arg1 ones 1082:1085 the ones 1078:1085 the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts 1078:1143 Based on all these experimental data, it is believed that these last two properties are the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts. 27996198 6 2 theme antitumor 852:860 arg1 activity 862:869 the antitumor activity 848:869 the antitumor activity 848:869 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 5 3 theme selective 597:605 arg1 behavior 617:624 selective antitumor behavior 597:624 selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ) 597:642 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 5 4 theme cytotoxicity 544:555 arg1 results 557:563 cytotoxicity results 544:563 cytotoxicity results 544:563 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 6 5 theme samples 806:812 arg1 depolymerization 777:792 depolymerization 777:792 depolymerization of selected samples 777:812 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 4 6 theme cell 527:530 arg1 lines 532:536 cell lines 527:536 cell lines 527:536 Herein, three fucoidan extracts (FEs) have been tested over normal and breast cancer cell lines. 27996198 1 7 with agents 120:125 arg1 no 143:144 no 143:144 no 143:144 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 1 7 with agents 120:125 arg1 minimal 132:138 minimal 132:138 minimal 132:138 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 6 8 theme molecular 758:766 arg1 weights 768:774 different molecular weights 748:774 different molecular weights 748:774 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 7 9 dep sulfates 899:906 arg1 sulfates 899:906 sulfates position and branching 899:929 sulfates position and branching 899:929 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 7 9 dep sulfates 899:906 arg1 branching 921:929 branching 921:929 branching 921:929 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 7 9 dep sulfates 899:906 arg1 position 908:915 position 908:915 position 908:915 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 5 10 from mL-1 637:640 arg1 behavior 617:624 selective antitumor behavior 597:624 selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ) 597:642 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 3 11 theme inconsistent 326:337 arg1 results 352:358 the inconsistent experimental results 322:358 the inconsistent experimental results 322:358 However, there are still some concerns about its application due to the inconsistent experimental results, specifically its toxicity over normal cells and the mechanism behind its action. 27996198 7 12 theme branching 972:980 arg1 degree 982:987 the higher branching degree 961:987 FE 2 the higher branching degree 956:987 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 6 13 theme different 748:756 arg1 weights 768:774 different molecular weights 748:774 different molecular weights 748:774 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 5 14 theme sulfation 669:677 arg1 degree 679:684 sulfation degree 669:684 sulfation degree 669:684 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 8 15 theme cytotoxic 1106:1114 arg1 effects 1116:1122 the cytotoxic effects 1102:1122 the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts 1102:1143 Based on all these experimental data, it is believed that these last two properties are the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts. 27996198 3 16 dep some 279:282 arg1 concerns 284:291 concerns 284:291 concerns 284:291 However, there are still some concerns about its application due to the inconsistent experimental results, specifically its toxicity over normal cells and the mechanism behind its action. 27996198 4 17 theme fucoidan 456:463 arg1 FEs 475:477 FEs 475:477 FEs 475:477 Herein, three fucoidan extracts (FEs) have been tested over normal and breast cancer cell lines. 27996198 4 17 theme fucoidan 456:463 arg1 extracts 465:472 three fucoidan extracts 450:472 three fucoidan extracts (FEs) 450:478 Herein, three fucoidan extracts (FEs) have been tested over normal and breast cancer cell lines. 27996198 1 18 theme side 146:149 arg1 effects 151:157 side effects 146:157 side effects 146:157 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 0 19 theme Key 4:6 arg1 Role 8:11 The Key Role 0:11 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 0:70 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 27996198 4 20 dep normal 502:507 arg1 lines 532:536 cell lines 527:536 cell lines 527:536 Herein, three fucoidan extracts (FEs) have been tested over normal and breast cancer cell lines. 27996198 1 21 dep minimal 132:138 arg1 effects 151:157 side effects 146:157 side effects 146:157 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 7 22 from differences 884:894 arg1 sulfates 899:906 sulfates position and branching 899:929 sulfates position and branching 899:929 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 7 22 from differences 884:894 arg1 branching 921:929 branching 921:929 branching 921:929 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 7 22 from differences 884:894 arg1 position 908:915 position 908:915 position 908:915 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 5 23 theme extracts 582:589 arg1 one 571:573 one 571:573 one 571:573 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 5 23 theme extracts 582:589 arg1 extracts 582:589 the extracts 578:589 the extracts 578:589 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 7 24 theme Significant 872:882 arg1 differences 884:894 Significant differences 872:894 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching 872:929 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 3 25 theme experimental 339:350 arg1 results 352:358 the inconsistent experimental results 322:358 the inconsistent experimental results 322:358 However, there are still some concerns about its application due to the inconsistent experimental results, specifically its toxicity over normal cells and the mechanism behind its action. 27996198 1 26 theme normal 164:169 arg1 cells 180:184 normal adjacent cells 164:184 normal adjacent cells 164:184 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 8 27 theme fucoidan 1127:1134 arg1 extracts 1136:1143 fucoidan extracts 1127:1143 fucoidan extracts 1127:1143 Based on all these experimental data, it is believed that these last two properties are the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts. 27996198 1 28 theme urgent 84:89 arg1 need 91:94 an urgent need 81:94 an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells 81:184 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 1 29 theme adjacent 171:178 arg1 cells 180:184 normal adjacent cells 164:184 normal adjacent cells 164:184 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 4 30 theme breast 513:518 arg1 cancer 520:525 breast cancer 513:525 breast cancer 513:525 Herein, three fucoidan extracts (FEs) have been tested over normal and breast cancer cell lines. 27996198 2 31 theme marine-origin 201:213 arg1 Fucoidan 187:194 Fucoidan 187:194 Fucoidan 187:194 Fucoidan is a marine-origin polymer with known antitumor activity. 27996198 2 31 theme marine-origin 201:213 arg1 polymer 215:221 a marine-origin polymer 199:221 a marine-origin polymer with known antitumor activity 199:251 Fucoidan is a marine-origin polymer with known antitumor activity. 27996198 7 32 dep FE 956:957 arg1 degree 982:987 the higher branching degree 961:987 FE 2 the higher branching degree 956:987 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 0 33 theme Sulfation 16:24 arg1 Role 8:11 The Key Role 0:11 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 0:70 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 27996198 3 34 theme normal 392:397 arg1 cells 399:403 normal cells 392:403 normal cells 392:403 However, there are still some concerns about its application due to the inconsistent experimental results, specifically its toxicity over normal cells and the mechanism behind its action. 27996198 5 35 from similarities 653:664 arg1 degree 679:684 sulfation degree 669:684 sulfation degree 669:684 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 5 35 from similarities 653:664 arg1 composition 704:714 carbohydrates composition 690:714 carbohydrates composition 690:714 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 8 36 theme extracts 1136:1143 arg1 effects 1116:1122 the cytotoxic effects 1102:1122 the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts 1102:1143 Based on all these experimental data, it is believed that these last two properties are the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts. 27996198 7 37 theme higher 965:970 arg1 degree 982:987 the higher branching degree 961:987 FE 2 the higher branching degree 956:987 Significant differences in sulfates position and branching are observed, presenting FE 2 the higher branching degree. 27996198 6 38 from factor 838:843 arg1 activity 862:869 the antitumor activity 848:869 the antitumor activity 848:869 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 2 39 with polymer 215:221 arg1 activity 244:251 known antitumor activity 228:251 known antitumor activity 228:251 Fucoidan is a marine-origin polymer with known antitumor activity. 27996198 5 40 theme carbohydrates 690:702 arg1 composition 704:714 carbohydrates composition 690:714 carbohydrates composition 690:714 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 6 41 theme key 834:836 arg1 factor 838:843 the key factor 830:843 the key factor in the antitumor activity 830:869 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 6 41 theme key 834:836 arg1 Mw 824:825 Mw 824:825 Mw 824:825 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 0 42 theme Branching 30:38 arg1 Role 8:11 The Key Role 0:11 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 0:70 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 27996198 6 43 theme selected 797:804 arg1 samples 806:812 selected samples 797:812 selected samples 797:812 Although the three FEs present different molecular weights, depolymerization of selected samples discarded Mw as the key factor in the antitumor activity. 27996198 3 44 dep mechanism 413:421 arg1 behind 423:428 behind 423:428 behind its action 423:439 However, there are still some concerns about its application due to the inconsistent experimental results, specifically its toxicity over normal cells and the mechanism behind its action. 27996198 5 45 theme antitumor 607:615 arg1 behavior 617:624 selective antitumor behavior 597:624 selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ) 597:642 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 2 46 theme antitumor 234:242 arg1 activity 244:251 known antitumor activity 228:251 known antitumor activity 228:251 Fucoidan is a marine-origin polymer with known antitumor activity. 27996198 1 47 theme antitumor 100:108 arg1 agents 120:125 antitumor bioactive agents 100:125 antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells 100:184 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 5 48 theme mg 634:635 arg1 mL-1 637:640 0.2 mg mL-1 630:640 0.2 mg mL-1 630:640 From cytotoxicity results, only one of the extracts shows selective antitumor behavior (at 0.2 mg mL-1 ), despite similarities in sulfation degree and carbohydrates composition. 27996198 2 49 theme known 228:232 arg1 activity 244:251 known antitumor activity 228:251 known antitumor activity 228:251 Fucoidan is a marine-origin polymer with known antitumor activity. 27996198 1 50 theme bioactive 110:118 arg1 agents 120:125 antitumor bioactive agents 100:125 antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells 100:184 There is an urgent need for antitumor bioactive agents with minimal or no side effects over normal adjacent cells. 27996198 0 51 theme Antitumor 52:60 arg1 Activity 62:69 Fucoidan Antitumor Activity 43:69 Fucoidan Antitumor Activity 43:69 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 27996198 8 52 theme experimental 1009:1020 arg1 data 1022:1025 all these experimental data 999:1025 all these experimental data 999:1025 Based on all these experimental data, it is believed that these last two properties are the ones that influence the cytotoxic effects of fucoidan extracts. 27996198 0 53 theme Fucoidan 43:50 arg1 Activity 62:69 Fucoidan Antitumor Activity 43:69 Fucoidan Antitumor Activity 43:69 The Key Role of Sulfation and Branching on Fucoidan Antitumor Activity. 25498681 1 0 theme different 144:152 arg1 methods 165:171 different extraction methods 144:171 different extraction methods 144:171 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 0 1 theme polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 property 32:39 property 32:39 property 32:39 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 0 1 theme polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 bioactivity 45:55 bioactivity 45:55 bioactivity 45:55 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 1 2 theme extraction 154:163 arg1 methods 165:171 different extraction methods 144:171 different extraction methods 144:171 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 0 3 from Effect 0:5 arg1 property 32:39 property 32:39 property 32:39 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 0 3 from Effect 0:5 arg1 bioactivity 45:55 bioactivity 45:55 bioactivity 45:55 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 5 4 theme typical 867:873 arg1 spectra 878:884 typical IR spectra 867:884 typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 867:918 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 5 5 theme same 785:788 arg1 composition 805:815 the same monosaccharide composition 781:815 the same monosaccharide composition 781:815 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 0 6 from bioactivity 45:55 arg1 villosum 102:109 Amomum villosum 95:109 Amomum villosum 95:109 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 5 7 theme mere 822:825 arg1 difference 827:836 mere difference 822:836 mere difference in the content 822:851 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 1 8 from effect 134:139 arg1 property 176:183 property 176:183 property 176:183 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 8 from effect 134:139 arg1 bioactivity 189:199 bioactivity 189:199 bioactivity 189:199 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 2 9 theme extract 349:355 arg1 WSP 357:359 extract WSP 349:359 extract WSP 349:359 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 2 10 theme enzyme-assisted 482:496 arg1 EAE 510:512 EAE 510:512 EAE 510:512 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 2 10 theme enzyme-assisted 482:496 arg1 extraction 498:507 enzyme-assisted extraction 482:507 enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) 482:513 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 6 11 theme acid 969:972 arg1 contents 950:957 the highest contents 938:957 the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate 938:984 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 4 12 from difference 606:615 arg1 yield 640:644 yield 640:644 yield 640:644 Then, the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro were further compared. 25498681 4 12 from difference 606:615 arg1 characterization 647:662 characterization 647:662 characterization 647:662 Then, the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro were further compared. 25498681 4 12 from difference 606:615 arg1 activities 680:689 antioxidant activities 668:689 antioxidant activities 668:689 Then, the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro were further compared. 25498681 4 13 theme WSP 625:627 arg1 samples 629:635 four WSP samples 620:635 four WSP samples 620:635 Then, the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro were further compared. 25498681 1 14 theme methods 165:171 arg1 effect 134:139 effect 134:139 effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum 134:272 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 0 15 from property 32:39 arg1 villosum 102:109 Amomum villosum 95:109 Amomum villosum 95:109 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 6 16 contain contained 928:936 arg1 WSP 921:923 WSP 921:923 WSP(U) 921:926 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 6 16 contain contained 928:936 arg2 contents 950:957 the highest contents 938:957 the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate 938:984 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 6 16 contain contained 928:936 arg1 U 925:925 U 925:925 U 925:925 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 2 17 theme hot 376:378 arg1 HWE 398:400 HWE 398:400 HWE 398:400 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 2 17 theme hot 376:378 arg1 extraction 386:395 hot water extraction 376:395 hot water extraction (HWE) 376:401 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 7 18 theme WSP 1000:1002 arg1 highest 1015:1021 highest 1015:1021 highest 1015:1021 The yield of WSP(U) was the highest and its antioxidant activity was the best. 25498681 7 18 theme WSP 1000:1002 arg1 yield 991:995 The yield 987:995 The yield of WSP(U) 987:1005 The yield of WSP(U) was the highest and its antioxidant activity was the best. 25498681 2 19 theme different 307:315 arg1 methods 328:334 four different extraction methods 302:334 four different extraction methods 302:334 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 5 20 theme Experimental 723:734 arg1 results 736:742 Experimental results 723:742 Experimental results 723:742 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 1 21 theme villosum 265:272 arg1 seeds 249:253 the seeds 245:253 the seeds of Amomum villosum 245:272 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 5 22 dep typical 867:873 arg1 IR 875:876 IR 875:876 IR 875:876 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 5 23 theme monosaccharide 790:803 arg1 composition 805:815 the same monosaccharide composition 781:815 the same monosaccharide composition 781:815 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 0 24 theme methods 21:27 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 0:110 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 2 25 used used 341:344 arg2 methods 328:334 four different extraction methods 302:334 four different extraction methods 302:334 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 6 26 theme sulfate 978:984 arg1 contents 950:957 the highest contents 938:957 the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate 938:984 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 0 27 theme extraction 10:19 arg1 methods 21:27 extraction methods 10:27 extraction methods 10:27 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 8 28 theme extraction 1139:1148 arg1 extraction 1115:1124 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 1095:1124 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 1095:1124 These results suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for WSP. 25498681 8 28 theme extraction 1139:1148 arg1 method 1150:1155 the best extraction method 1130:1155 the best extraction method for WSP 1130:1163 These results suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for WSP. 25498681 8 29 theme best 1134:1137 arg1 extraction 1115:1124 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 1095:1124 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 1095:1124 These results suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for WSP. 25498681 8 29 theme best 1134:1137 arg1 method 1150:1155 the best extraction method 1130:1155 the best extraction method for WSP 1130:1163 These results suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for WSP. 25498681 2 30 theme microwave-assisted 442:459 arg1 MAE 473:475 MAE 473:475 MAE 473:475 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 2 30 theme microwave-assisted 442:459 arg1 extraction 461:470 microwave-assisted extraction 442:470 microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) 442:476 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 6 31 theme uronic 962:967 arg1 acid 969:972 uronic acid 962:972 uronic acid 962:972 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 1 32 theme water-soluble 204:216 arg1 WSP 235:237 WSP 235:237 WSP 235:237 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 32 theme water-soluble 204:216 arg1 polysaccharides 218:232 water-soluble polysaccharides 204:232 water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum 204:272 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 2 33 theme water 380:384 arg1 HWE 398:400 HWE 398:400 HWE 398:400 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 2 33 theme water 380:384 arg1 extraction 386:395 hot water extraction 376:395 hot water extraction (HWE) 376:401 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 1 34 from seeds 249:253 arg1 property 176:183 property 176:183 property 176:183 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 34 from seeds 249:253 arg1 WSP 235:237 WSP 235:237 WSP 235:237 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 34 from seeds 249:253 arg1 bioactivity 189:199 bioactivity 189:199 bioactivity 189:199 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 34 from seeds 249:253 arg1 polysaccharides 218:232 water-soluble polysaccharides 204:232 water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum 204:272 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 2 35 theme ultrasonic-assisted 404:422 arg1 extraction 424:433 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 404:433 ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) 404:439 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 2 35 theme ultrasonic-assisted 404:422 arg1 UAE 436:438 UAE 436:438 UAE 436:438 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 1 36 theme polysaccharides 218:232 arg1 property 176:183 property 176:183 property 176:183 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 36 theme polysaccharides 218:232 arg1 bioactivity 189:199 bioactivity 189:199 bioactivity 189:199 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 8 37 theme ultrasonic-assisted 1095:1113 arg1 extraction 1115:1124 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 1095:1124 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 1095:1124 These results suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for WSP. 25498681 8 37 theme ultrasonic-assisted 1095:1113 arg1 method 1150:1155 the best extraction method 1130:1155 the best extraction method for WSP 1130:1163 These results suggested that ultrasonic-assisted extraction was the best extraction method for WSP. 25498681 3 38 theme WSP 534:536 arg1 WSP 555:557 WSP 555:557 WSP(U) 555:560 As a result, four WSP samples, WSP(H), WSP(U), WSP(M) and WSP(E) were acquired. 25498681 3 38 theme WSP 534:536 arg1 WSP 547:549 WSP 547:549 WSP(H) 547:552 As a result, four WSP samples, WSP(H), WSP(U), WSP(M) and WSP(E) were acquired. 25498681 3 38 theme WSP 534:536 arg1 result 521:526 a result 519:526 a result 519:526 As a result, four WSP samples, WSP(H), WSP(U), WSP(M) and WSP(E) were acquired. 25498681 3 38 theme WSP 534:536 arg1 WSP 574:576 WSP 574:576 WSP(E) 574:579 As a result, four WSP samples, WSP(H), WSP(U), WSP(M) and WSP(E) were acquired. 25498681 3 38 theme WSP 534:536 arg1 WSP 563:565 WSP 563:565 WSP(M) 563:568 As a result, four WSP samples, WSP(H), WSP(U), WSP(M) and WSP(E) were acquired. 25498681 3 38 theme WSP 534:536 arg1 samples 538:544 four WSP samples 529:544 four WSP samples 529:544 As a result, four WSP samples, WSP(H), WSP(U), WSP(M) and WSP(E) were acquired. 25498681 5 39 contain had 777:779 arg1 samples 769:775 the four WSP samples 756:775 the four WSP samples 756:775 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 5 39 contain had 777:779 arg2 composition 805:815 the same monosaccharide composition 781:815 the same monosaccharide composition 781:815 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 5 40 theme WSP 765:767 arg1 samples 769:775 the four WSP samples 756:775 the four WSP samples 756:775 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 4 41 theme antioxidant 668:678 arg1 activities 680:689 antioxidant activities 668:689 antioxidant activities 668:689 Then, the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro were further compared. 25498681 1 42 from bioactivity 189:199 arg1 seeds 249:253 the seeds 245:253 the seeds of Amomum villosum 245:272 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 1 43 theme present 119:125 arg1 study 127:131 the present study 115:131 the present study 115:131 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 5 44 theme characteristic 886:899 arg1 spectra 878:884 typical IR spectra 867:884 typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 867:918 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 0 45 from villosum 102:109 arg1 polysaccharides 74:88 water-soluble polysaccharides 60:88 water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum 60:109 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 0 45 from villosum 102:109 arg1 property 32:39 property 32:39 property 32:39 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 0 45 from villosum 102:109 arg1 bioactivity 45:55 bioactivity 45:55 bioactivity 45:55 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 4 46 theme samples 629:635 arg1 difference 606:615 the difference 602:615 the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro 602:698 Then, the difference of four WSP samples in yield, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro were further compared. 25498681 1 47 from property 176:183 arg1 seeds 249:253 the seeds 245:253 the seeds of Amomum villosum 245:272 In the present study, effect of different extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) from the seeds of Amomum villosum were investigated. 25498681 2 48 theme extraction 317:326 arg1 methods 328:334 four different extraction methods 302:334 four different extraction methods 302:334 Firstly, four different extraction methods were used to extract WSP, which include hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). 25498681 5 49 contain had 863:865 arg2 spectra 878:884 typical IR spectra 867:884 typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 867:918 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 5 49 contain had 863:865 arg1 they 854:857 they 854:857 they 854:857 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 5 49 contain had 863:865 arg1 difference 827:836 mere difference 822:836 mere difference in the content 822:851 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 0 50 theme water-soluble 60:72 arg1 polysaccharides 74:88 water-soluble polysaccharides 60:88 water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum 60:109 Effect of extraction methods on property and bioactivity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Amomum villosum. 25498681 5 51 theme polysaccharides 904:918 arg1 characteristic 886:899 characteristic 886:899 characteristic 886:899 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 25498681 6 52 theme highest 942:948 arg1 contents 950:957 the highest contents 938:957 the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate 938:984 WSP(U) contained the highest contents of uronic acid and sulfate. 25498681 7 53 theme antioxidant 1031:1041 arg1 activity 1043:1050 its antioxidant activity 1027:1050 its antioxidant activity 1027:1050 The yield of WSP(U) was the highest and its antioxidant activity was the best. 25498681 7 53 theme antioxidant 1031:1041 arg1 best 1060:1063 best 1060:1063 best 1060:1063 The yield of WSP(U) was the highest and its antioxidant activity was the best. 25498681 5 54 from difference 827:836 arg1 content 845:851 the content 841:851 the content 841:851 Experimental results showed that the four WSP samples had the same monosaccharide composition, but mere difference in the content; they all had typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 26944661 0 0 theme leaf 102:105 arg1 hydrolysate 80:90 pectinase hydrolysate 70:90 pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf 70:105 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. 26944661 5 1 theme GAX 833:835 arg1 % 843:843 GAX; 40-45% 833:843 GAX; 40-45% 833:843 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 1 theme GAX 833:835 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 810:830 glucuronoarabinoxylan 810:830 glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%) 810:844 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 6 2 theme stimulatory 1085:1095 arg1 activity 1097:1104 macrophage stimulatory activity 1074:1104 macrophage stimulatory activity 1074:1104 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 6 3 from expression 1219:1228 arg1 leaf 1256:1259 barley leaf 1249:1259 barley leaf 1249:1259 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 0 4 theme barley 95:100 arg1 leaf 102:105 barley leaf 95:105 barley leaf 95:105 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. 26944661 6 5 theme barley 1249:1254 arg1 leaf 1256:1259 barley leaf 1249:1259 barley leaf 1249:1259 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 2 6 theme stimulatory 383:393 arg1 activity 395:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 5 7 theme linkage 729:735 arg1 analysis 737:744 linkage analysis 729:744 linkage analysis 729:744 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 3 8 theme chemical 576:583 arg1 properties 600:609 the chemical and structural properties 572:609 the chemical and structural properties 572:609 BLE-P was further purified by column chromatography to identify the chemical and structural properties. 26944661 5 9 theme linear 966:971 arg1 glucan 973:978 linear glucan 966:978 linear glucan 966:978 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 4 10 theme volume 635:640 arg1 fraction 642:649 void volume fraction 630:649 void volume fraction 630:649 BLE-P-I eluted in void volume fraction showed potent macrophage stimulatory activity. 26944661 3 11 theme structural 589:598 arg1 properties 600:609 the chemical and structural properties 572:609 the chemical and structural properties 572:609 BLE-P was further purified by column chromatography to identify the chemical and structural properties. 26944661 6 12 theme activity 1237:1244 arg1 expression 1219:1228 expression 1219:1228 expression of the activity in barley leaf 1219:1259 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 4 13 theme void 630:633 arg1 fraction 642:649 void volume fraction 630:649 void volume fraction 630:649 BLE-P-I eluted in void volume fraction showed potent macrophage stimulatory activity. 26944661 4 14 theme stimulatory 676:686 arg1 activity 688:695 potent macrophage stimulatory activity 658:695 potent macrophage stimulatory activity 658:695 BLE-P-I eluted in void volume fraction showed potent macrophage stimulatory activity. 26944661 6 15 theme RG-I 1144:1147 arg1 polysaccharide 1149:1162 the RG-I polysaccharide 1140:1162 the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain 1140:1196 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 5 16 theme side 941:944 arg1 chain 946:950 a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain 907:950 a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 907:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 16 theme side 941:944 arg1 % 958:958 30-35% 953:958 30-35% 953:958 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 6 17 theme macrophage 1074:1083 arg1 activity 1097:1104 macrophage stimulatory activity 1074:1104 macrophage stimulatory activity 1074:1104 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 5 18 theme type 909:912 arg1 chain 946:950 a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain 907:950 a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 907:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 18 theme type 909:912 arg1 % 958:958 30-35% 953:958 30-35% 953:958 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 2 19 theme pectinase 421:429 arg1 digestion 431:439 pectinase digestion 421:439 pectinase digestion of barley leaf 421:454 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 19 theme pectinase 421:429 arg1 method 468:473 a useful method 459:473 a useful method for enhancement of its activity 459:505 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide 0:54 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. 26944661 5 21 theme Monosaccharide 698:711 arg1 composition 713:723 Monosaccharide composition 698:723 Monosaccharide composition 698:723 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 22 theme arabinogalactan 917:931 arg1 chain 946:950 a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain 907:950 a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 907:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 22 theme arabinogalactan 917:931 arg1 % 958:958 30-35% 953:958 30-35% 953:958 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 0 23 theme immunostimulatory 23:39 arg1 polysaccharide 41:54 immunostimulatory polysaccharide 23:54 immunostimulatory polysaccharide 23:54 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. 26944661 1 24 dep barley 163:168 arg1 leaves 170:175 leaves 170:175 leaves 170:175 Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation. 26944661 2 25 theme useful 461:466 arg1 digestion 431:439 pectinase digestion 421:439 pectinase digestion of barley leaf 421:454 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 25 theme useful 461:466 arg1 method 468:473 a useful method 459:473 a useful method for enhancement of its activity 459:505 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 5 26 with rhamnogalacturonan-I 847:866 arg1 branching 880:888 branching 880:888 branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 880:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 2 27 theme high 328:331 arg1 weight 343:348 a high molecular weight 326:348 a high molecular weight 326:348 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 1 28 theme ethanol 223:229 arg1 fractionation 231:243 ethanol fractionation 223:243 ethanol fractionation 223:243 Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation. 26944661 2 29 theme molecular 333:341 arg1 weight 343:348 a high molecular weight 326:348 a high molecular weight 326:348 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 30 theme leaf 451:454 arg1 digestion 431:439 pectinase digestion 421:439 pectinase digestion of barley leaf 421:454 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 30 theme leaf 451:454 arg1 method 468:473 a useful method 459:473 a useful method for enhancement of its activity 459:505 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 0 31 theme polysaccharide 41:54 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide 0:54 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. 26944661 2 32 theme activity 498:505 arg1 enhancement 479:489 enhancement 479:489 enhancement of its activity 479:505 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 33 theme polysaccharide 256:269 arg1 fractions 271:279 the polysaccharide fractions 252:279 the polysaccharide fractions 252:279 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 34 theme barley 444:449 arg1 leaf 451:454 barley leaf 444:454 barley leaf 444:454 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 0 35 theme pectinase 70:78 arg1 hydrolysate 80:90 pectinase hydrolysate 70:90 pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf 70:105 Structural features of immunostimulatory polysaccharide purified from pectinase hydrolysate of barley leaf. 26944661 6 36 with association 1057:1067 arg1 activity 1097:1104 macrophage stimulatory activity 1074:1104 macrophage stimulatory activity 1074:1104 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 2 37 theme macrophage 372:381 arg1 activity 395:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 cellulose 999:1007 cellulose 999:1007 cellulose (less than 10%) 999:1023 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 kinds 776:780 at least three kinds 761:780 at least three kinds 761:780 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 810:830 glucuronoarabinoxylan 810:830 glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%) 810:844 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 glucan 973:978 linear glucan 966:978 linear glucan 966:978 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan-I 847:866 rhamnogalacturonan-I 847:866 rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 847:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 starch 988:993 starch 988:993 starch 988:993 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 RG-I 869:872 RG-I 869:872 RG-I 869:872 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 38 theme polysaccharide 785:798 arg1 % 843:843 GAX; 40-45% 833:843 GAX; 40-45% 833:843 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 6 39 from leaf 1256:1259 arg1 expression 1219:1228 expression 1219:1228 expression of the activity in barley leaf 1219:1259 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 3 40 theme column 538:543 arg1 chromatography 545:558 column chromatography 538:558 column chromatography 538:558 BLE-P was further purified by column chromatography to identify the chemical and structural properties. 26944661 2 41 theme enhanced 363:370 arg1 activity 395:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 42 contain had 350:352 arg1 BLE-P 282:286 BLE-P 282:286 BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight 282:348 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 42 contain had 350:352 arg2 activity 395:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity 354:402 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 6 43 theme side 1187:1190 arg1 chain 1192:1196 an AG-II side chain 1178:1196 an AG-II side chain 1178:1196 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 1 44 theme polysaccharide 113:126 arg1 fractions 128:136 Four polysaccharide fractions 108:136 Four polysaccharide fractions 108:136 Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation. 26944661 2 45 attach isolated 288:295 arg2 BLE-P 282:286 BLE-P 282:286 BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight 282:348 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 2 45 attach isolated 288:295 arg1 pectinase 302:310 pectinase 302:310 pectinase digested with a high molecular weight 302:348 Among the polysaccharide fractions, BLE-P isolated from pectinase digested with a high molecular weight had the most enhanced macrophage stimulatory activity, indicating that pectinase digestion of barley leaf is a useful method for enhancement of its activity. 26944661 6 46 theme AG-II 1181:1185 arg1 chain 1192:1196 an AG-II side chain 1178:1196 an AG-II side chain 1178:1196 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 1 47 theme young 157:161 arg1 barley 163:168 young barley leaves 157:175 young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation 157:243 Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation. 26944661 6 48 from activity 1237:1244 arg1 leaf 1256:1259 barley leaf 1249:1259 barley leaf 1249:1259 Given the association with macrophage stimulatory activity, it is likely that the GAX and to the RG-I polysaccharide branched with an AG-II side chain may be important for expression of the activity in barley leaf. 26944661 5 49 with kinds 776:780 arg1 branching 880:888 branching 880:888 branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 880:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 5 50 with glucuronoarabinoxylan 810:830 arg1 branching 880:888 branching 880:888 branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 880:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 4 51 theme macrophage 665:674 arg1 activity 688:695 potent macrophage stimulatory activity 658:695 potent macrophage stimulatory activity 658:695 BLE-P-I eluted in void volume fraction showed potent macrophage stimulatory activity. 26944661 5 52 with glucan 973:978 arg1 branching 880:888 branching 880:888 branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%) 880:959 Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis indicated that at least three kinds of polysaccharide, that is, glucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX; 40-45%), rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) with branching mainly involving a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) side chain (30-35%), and linear glucan such as starch and cellulose (less than 10%) coexisted in BLE-P-I. 26944661 1 53 attach isolated 143:150 arg2 fractions 128:136 Four polysaccharide fractions 108:136 Four polysaccharide fractions 108:136 Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation. 26944661 1 53 attach isolated 143:150 arg1 barley 163:168 young barley leaves 157:175 young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation 157:243 Four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from young barley leaves treated with or without pectinase followed by ethanol fractionation. 26944661 4 54 theme potent 658:663 arg1 activity 688:695 potent macrophage stimulatory activity 658:695 potent macrophage stimulatory activity 658:695 BLE-P-I eluted in void volume fraction showed potent macrophage stimulatory activity. 26627599 0 0 theme serotina 83:90 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 69:106 Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 69:106 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 6 1 from application 1273:1283 arg1 field 1293:1297 food field 1288:1297 food field 1288:1297 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 3 2 theme surface 789:795 arg1 morphology 797:806 different surface morphology 779:806 different surface morphology 779:806 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 0 3 theme Hohenbuehelia 69:81 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 69:106 Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 69:106 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 3 4 theme spiral 754:759 arg1 structures 761:770 spiral structures 754:770 spiral structures 754:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 6 5 theme serotina 1217:1224 arg1 polysaccharides 1226:1240 H. serotina polysaccharides 1214:1240 H. serotina polysaccharides 1214:1240 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 3 6 contain possessed 600:608 arg2 compositions 720:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 6 contain possessed 600:608 arg1 kinds 575:579 Four kinds 570:579 Four kinds of polysaccharides 570:598 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 6 contain possessed 600:608 arg2 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 6 contain possessed 600:608 arg2 distributions 690:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 6 contain possessed 600:608 arg2 characteristics 647:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics 610:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures 610:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 6 contain possessed 600:608 arg2 structures 761:770 spiral structures 754:770 spiral structures 754:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 structure 31:39 structure 31:39 structure 31:39 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activity 57:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 4 8 theme hydroxyl 989:996 arg1 radicals 998:1005 physiological hydroxyl radicals 975:1005 physiological hydroxyl radicals 975:1005 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 4 9 theme activities 849:858 arg1 measurements 821:832 the measurements 817:832 the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro 817:867 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 1 10 theme preliminary 261:271 arg1 yields 253:258 the extraction yields 238:258 the extraction yields 238:258 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 10 theme preliminary 261:271 arg1 structure 273:281 preliminary structure 261:281 preliminary structure 261:281 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 0 11 theme polysaccharides 92:106 arg1 structure 31:39 structure 31:39 structure 31:39 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 0 11 theme polysaccharides 92:106 arg1 activity 57:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 4 12 theme physiological 975:987 arg1 radicals 998:1005 physiological hydroxyl radicals 975:1005 physiological hydroxyl radicals 975:1005 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 1 13 dep methods 140:146 arg1 methods 140:146 four extraction methods 124:146 four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) 124:233 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 13 dep methods 140:146 arg1 water 153:157 hot water 149:157 hot water 149:157 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 13 dep methods 140:146 arg1 assistance 167:176 enzyme assistance 160:176 enzyme assistance 160:176 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 13 dep methods 140:146 arg1 assistance 190:199 ultrasonic assistance 179:199 ultrasonic assistance 179:199 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 13 dep methods 140:146 arg1 assistance 223:232 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 205:232 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 205:232 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 6 14 theme healthcare 1262:1271 arg1 application 1273:1283 potential healthcare application 1252:1283 potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities 1252:1333 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 1 15 dep polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 UA-HSP 373:378 UA-HSP 373:378 UA-HSP 373:378 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 15 dep polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 EA-HSP 365:370 EA-HSP 365:370 EA-HSP 365:370 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 15 dep polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 HW-HSP 357:362 HW-HSP 357:362 HW-HSP 357:362 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 15 dep polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 polysaccharides 340:354 the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 313:354 the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 313:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 15 dep polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 UEA-HSP 384:390 UEA-HSP 384:390 UEA-HSP 384:390 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 4 16 theme non-physiological 934:950 arg1 radicals 962:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 5 17 theme extraction 1095:1104 arg1 yields 1106:1111 the extraction yields 1091:1111 the extraction yields of the polysaccharides 1091:1134 These data showed that ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was more beneficial to enhance the extraction yields of the polysaccharides, and obtain higher bioactive polysaccharides. 26627599 1 18 theme enzyme 160:165 arg1 methods 140:146 four extraction methods 124:146 four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) 124:233 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 18 theme enzyme 160:165 arg1 assistance 167:176 enzyme assistance 160:176 enzyme assistance 160:176 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 3 19 theme different 779:787 arg1 morphology 797:806 different surface morphology 779:806 different surface morphology 779:806 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 4 20 theme in 860:861 arg1 activities 849:858 antioxidant activities 837:858 antioxidant activities in vitro 837:867 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 2 21 theme ultrasonic-enzyme 486:502 arg1 assistance 504:513 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 486:513 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 486:513 The yield of the polysaccharides (20.70±0.17%) obtained by ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was higher than the polysaccharides by other methods'. 26627599 4 22 theme free 957:960 arg1 radicals 962:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 5 23 theme polysaccharides 1120:1134 arg1 yields 1106:1111 the extraction yields 1091:1111 the extraction yields of the polysaccharides 1091:1134 These data showed that ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was more beneficial to enhance the extraction yields of the polysaccharides, and obtain higher bioactive polysaccharides. 26627599 4 24 dep in 860:861 arg1 vitro 863:867 vitro 863:867 vitro 863:867 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 4 25 theme ABTS 952:955 arg1 radicals 962:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 3 26 theme polysaccharides 584:598 arg1 kinds 575:579 Four kinds 570:579 Four kinds of polysaccharides 570:598 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 1 27 theme ultrasonic 179:188 arg1 methods 140:146 four extraction methods 124:146 four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) 124:233 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 27 theme ultrasonic 179:188 arg1 assistance 190:199 ultrasonic assistance 179:199 ultrasonic assistance 179:199 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 0 28 theme method 21:26 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 0:107 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 1 29 theme antioxidant 287:297 arg1 activities 299:308 antioxidant activities 287:308 antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 287:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 29 theme antioxidant 287:297 arg1 yields 253:258 the extraction yields 238:258 the extraction yields 238:258 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 5 30 theme bioactive 1155:1163 arg1 polysaccharides 1165:1179 higher bioactive polysaccharides 1148:1179 higher bioactive polysaccharides 1148:1179 These data showed that ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was more beneficial to enhance the extraction yields of the polysaccharides, and obtain higher bioactive polysaccharides. 26627599 4 31 theme significant 897:907 arg1 capacities 920:929 the most significant scavenging capacities 888:929 the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals 888:1005 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 0 32 theme extraction 10:19 arg1 method 21:26 extraction method 10:26 extraction method 10:26 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 3 33 theme monosaccharide 705:718 arg1 compositions 720:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 34 theme different 614:622 arg1 characteristics 647:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics 610:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures 610:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 34 theme different 614:622 arg1 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 34 theme different 614:622 arg1 structures 761:770 spiral structures 754:770 spiral structures 754:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 34 theme different 614:622 arg1 compositions 720:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 34 theme different 614:622 arg1 distributions 690:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 1 35 theme ultrasonic-enzyme 205:221 arg1 methods 140:146 four extraction methods 124:146 four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) 124:233 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 35 theme ultrasonic-enzyme 205:221 arg1 assistance 223:232 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 205:232 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 205:232 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 6 36 theme H. 1214:1215 arg1 polysaccharides 1226:1240 H. serotina polysaccharides 1214:1240 H. serotina polysaccharides 1214:1240 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 2 37 theme other 554:558 arg1 methods 560:566 other methods 554:566 other methods' 554:567 The yield of the polysaccharides (20.70±0.17%) obtained by ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was higher than the polysaccharides by other methods'. 26627599 3 38 theme weight 683:688 arg1 distributions 690:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 2 39 theme polysaccharides 444:458 arg1 higher 519:524 higher 519:524 higher 519:524 The yield of the polysaccharides (20.70±0.17%) obtained by ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was higher than the polysaccharides by other methods'. 26627599 2 39 theme polysaccharides 444:458 arg1 yield 431:435 The yield 427:435 The yield of the polysaccharides (20.70±0.17%) obtained by ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 427:513 The yield of the polysaccharides (20.70±0.17%) obtained by ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was higher than the polysaccharides by other methods'. 26627599 4 40 from capacities 920:929 arg1 radicals 998:1005 physiological hydroxyl radicals 975:1005 physiological hydroxyl radicals 975:1005 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 4 40 from capacities 920:929 arg1 radicals 962:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 non-physiological ABTS free radicals 934:969 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 0 41 theme antioxidant 45:55 arg1 activity 57:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 Effect of extraction method on structure and antioxidant activity of Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides. 26627599 1 42 theme Hohenbuehelia 317:329 arg1 UEA-HSP 384:390 UEA-HSP 384:390 UEA-HSP 384:390 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 42 theme Hohenbuehelia 317:329 arg1 UA-HSP 373:378 UA-HSP 373:378 UA-HSP 373:378 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 42 theme Hohenbuehelia 317:329 arg1 EA-HSP 365:370 EA-HSP 365:370 EA-HSP 365:370 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 42 theme Hohenbuehelia 317:329 arg1 HW-HSP 357:362 HW-HSP 357:362 HW-HSP 357:362 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 42 theme Hohenbuehelia 317:329 arg1 polysaccharides 340:354 the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 313:354 the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 313:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 4 43 theme antioxidant 837:847 arg1 activities 849:858 antioxidant activities 837:858 antioxidant activities in vitro 837:867 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 5 44 theme higher 1148:1153 arg1 polysaccharides 1165:1179 higher bioactive polysaccharides 1148:1179 higher bioactive polysaccharides 1148:1179 These data showed that ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was more beneficial to enhance the extraction yields of the polysaccharides, and obtain higher bioactive polysaccharides. 26627599 6 45 theme food 1288:1291 arg1 field 1293:1297 food field 1288:1297 food field 1288:1297 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 1 46 theme serotina 331:338 arg1 UEA-HSP 384:390 UEA-HSP 384:390 UEA-HSP 384:390 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 46 theme serotina 331:338 arg1 UA-HSP 373:378 UA-HSP 373:378 UA-HSP 373:378 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 46 theme serotina 331:338 arg1 EA-HSP 365:370 EA-HSP 365:370 EA-HSP 365:370 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 46 theme serotina 331:338 arg1 HW-HSP 357:362 HW-HSP 357:362 HW-HSP 357:362 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 46 theme serotina 331:338 arg1 polysaccharides 340:354 the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides 313:354 the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 313:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 4 47 theme scavenging 909:918 arg1 capacities 920:929 the most significant scavenging capacities 888:929 the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals 888:1005 Through the measurements of antioxidant activities in vitro, UEA-HSP exhibited the most significant scavenging capacities on non-physiological ABTS free radicals and physiological hydroxyl radicals. 26627599 1 48 theme polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 activities 299:308 antioxidant activities 287:308 antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 287:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 48 theme polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 yields 253:258 the extraction yields 238:258 the extraction yields 238:258 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 48 theme polysaccharides 340:354 arg1 structure 273:281 preliminary structure 261:281 preliminary structure 261:281 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 3 49 theme preliminary 624:634 arg1 characteristics 647:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics 610:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures 610:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 49 theme preliminary 624:634 arg1 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 49 theme preliminary 624:634 arg1 structures 761:770 spiral structures 754:770 spiral structures 754:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 49 theme preliminary 624:634 arg1 compositions 720:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 49 theme preliminary 624:634 arg1 distributions 690:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 1 50 theme extraction 129:138 arg1 methods 140:146 four extraction methods 124:146 four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) 124:233 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 50 theme extraction 129:138 arg1 water 153:157 hot water 149:157 hot water 149:157 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 50 theme extraction 129:138 arg1 assistance 167:176 enzyme assistance 160:176 enzyme assistance 160:176 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 50 theme extraction 129:138 arg1 assistance 190:199 ultrasonic assistance 179:199 ultrasonic assistance 179:199 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 50 theme extraction 129:138 arg1 assistance 223:232 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 205:232 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 205:232 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 51 from impacts 113:119 arg1 activities 299:308 antioxidant activities 287:308 antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 287:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 51 from impacts 113:119 arg1 yields 253:258 the extraction yields 238:258 the extraction yields 238:258 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 51 from impacts 113:119 arg1 structure 273:281 preliminary structure 261:281 preliminary structure 261:281 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 6 52 theme antioxidant 1312:1322 arg1 activities 1324:1333 their antioxidant activities 1306:1333 their antioxidant activities 1306:1333 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 6 53 contain possessed 1242:1250 arg2 application 1273:1283 potential healthcare application 1252:1283 potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities 1252:1333 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 6 53 contain possessed 1242:1250 arg1 polysaccharides 1226:1240 H. serotina polysaccharides 1214:1240 H. serotina polysaccharides 1214:1240 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 3 54 theme molecular 673:681 arg1 distributions 690:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 1 55 theme methods 140:146 arg1 impacts 113:119 The impacts 109:119 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 109:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 5 56 theme ultrasonic-enzyme 1031:1047 arg1 assistance 1049:1058 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 1031:1058 ultrasonic-enzyme assistance 1031:1058 These data showed that ultrasonic-enzyme assistance was more beneficial to enhance the extraction yields of the polysaccharides, and obtain higher bioactive polysaccharides. 26627599 3 57 theme structural 636:645 arg1 characteristics 647:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics 610:661 the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures 610:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 57 theme structural 636:645 arg1 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 crystallization 734:748 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 57 theme structural 636:645 arg1 structures 761:770 spiral structures 754:770 spiral structures 754:770 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 57 theme structural 636:645 arg1 compositions 720:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 monosaccharide compositions 705:731 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 3 57 theme structural 636:645 arg1 distributions 690:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 molecular weight distributions 673:702 Four kinds of polysaccharides possessed the different preliminary structural characteristics including molecular weight distributions, monosaccharide compositions, crystallization and spiral structures, while different surface morphology. 26627599 6 58 theme potential 1252:1260 arg1 application 1273:1283 potential healthcare application 1252:1283 potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities 1252:1333 The results also suggested that H. serotina polysaccharides possessed potential healthcare application in food field due to their antioxidant activities. 26627599 1 59 theme hot 149:151 arg1 methods 140:146 four extraction methods 124:146 four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) 124:233 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 59 theme hot 149:151 arg1 water 153:157 hot water 149:157 hot water 149:157 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 60 theme extraction 242:251 arg1 activities 299:308 antioxidant activities 287:308 antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) 287:391 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 60 theme extraction 242:251 arg1 yields 253:258 the extraction yields 238:258 the extraction yields 238:258 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26627599 1 60 theme extraction 242:251 arg1 structure 273:281 preliminary structure 261:281 preliminary structure 261:281 The impacts of four extraction methods (hot water, enzyme assistance, ultrasonic assistance and ultrasonic-enzyme assistance) on the extraction yields, preliminary structure and antioxidant activities of the Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides (HW-HSP, EA-HSP, UA-HSP and UEA-HSP) were systematically investigated. 26717549 0 0 theme cell 70:73 arg1 polysaccharides 80:94 cell wall polysaccharides 70:94 cell wall polysaccharides 70:94 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 6 1 from spectrum 950:957 arg1 signals 905:911 the arabinan signals 892:911 the arabinan signals 892:911 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 6 1 from spectrum 950:957 arg1 evident 923:929 evident 923:929 evident 923:929 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 3 2 theme useful 435:440 arg1 model 442:446 a useful model 433:446 a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma 433:538 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 2 theme useful 435:440 arg1 Celery 423:428 Celery 423:428 Celery 423:428 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 7 3 located observed 1117:1124 arg2 signals 1104:1110 methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals 1049:1110 methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals 1049:1110 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 7 3 located observed 1117:1124 arg1 addition 1039:1046 addition 1039:1046 addition 1039:1046 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 7 3 located observed 1117:1124 arg1 CWs 1140:1142 parenchyma CWs 1129:1142 parenchyma CWs 1129:1142 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 0 4 theme parenchyma 59:68 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides 0:94 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 7 5 theme esterified 1056:1065 arg1 signals 1104:1110 methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals 1049:1110 methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals 1049:1110 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 6 6 from resonance 998:1006 arg1 spectrum 1026:1033 the parenchyma spectrum 1011:1033 the parenchyma spectrum 1011:1033 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 1 7 theme Collenchyma 130:140 arg1 cells 142:146 Collenchyma cells 130:146 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls 130:173 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 6 8 theme NMR 841:843 arg1 spectra 845:851 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra 813:851 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins 813:876 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 4 9 from characteristics 574:588 arg1 plant 645:649 the same plant 636:649 the same plant 636:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 0 10 theme wall 75:78 arg1 polysaccharides 80:94 cell wall polysaccharides 70:94 cell wall polysaccharides 70:94 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 6 11 theme solid-state 829:839 arg1 NMR 841:843 High-resolution solid-state NMR 813:843 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins 813:876 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 4 12 theme collenchyma 593:603 arg1 walls 625:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls 593:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 593:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 4 13 theme cell 620:623 arg1 walls 625:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls 593:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 593:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 5 14 dep suggested 702:710 arg1 contained 739:747 contained 739:747 suggested the collenchyma cell walls contained less pectin but more hemicellulose in comparison to parenchyma 702:810 Monosaccharide composition suggested the collenchyma cell walls contained less pectin but more hemicellulose in comparison to parenchyma. 26717549 9 15 theme CWs 1486:1488 arg1 types 1477:1481 both types 1472:1481 both types of CWs 1472:1488 X-ray diffraction indicated the size of the cellulose microfibrils were the same for both types of CWs. 26717549 9 16 theme X-ray 1387:1391 arg1 diffraction 1393:1403 X-ray diffraction 1387:1403 X-ray diffraction 1387:1403 X-ray diffraction indicated the size of the cellulose microfibrils were the same for both types of CWs. 26717549 7 17 theme galacturonic 1086:1097 arg1 acid 1099:1102 non-esterified galacturonic acid 1071:1102 non-esterified galacturonic acid 1071:1102 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 3 18 theme cell 466:469 arg1 walls 471:475 the cell walls 462:475 the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma 462:538 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 18 theme cell 466:469 arg1 collenchyma 513:523 collenchyma 513:523 collenchyma 513:523 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 18 theme cell 466:469 arg1 CWs 478:480 CWs 478:480 CWs 478:480 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 18 theme cell 466:469 arg1 parenchyma 529:538 parenchyma 529:538 parenchyma 529:538 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 6 19 theme parenchyma 1015:1024 arg1 spectrum 1026:1033 the parenchyma spectrum 1011:1033 the parenchyma spectrum 1011:1033 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 7 20 theme parenchyma 1129:1138 arg1 CWs 1140:1142 parenchyma CWs 1129:1142 parenchyma CWs 1129:1142 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 5 21 theme collenchyma 716:726 arg1 walls 733:737 the collenchyma cell walls 712:737 the collenchyma cell walls 712:737 Monosaccharide composition suggested the collenchyma cell walls contained less pectin but more hemicellulose in comparison to parenchyma. 26717549 4 22 from plant 645:649 arg1 characteristics 574:588 the structural characteristics 559:588 the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 559:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 4 22 from plant 645:649 arg1 walls 625:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls 593:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 593:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 4 23 theme same 640:643 arg1 plant 645:649 the same plant 636:649 the same plant 636:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 6 24 theme High-resolution 813:827 arg1 NMR 841:843 High-resolution solid-state NMR 813:843 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins 813:876 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 4 25 theme structural 563:572 arg1 characteristics 574:588 the structural characteristics 559:588 the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 559:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 2 26 theme nature 393:398 arg1 attractive 411:420 attractive 411:420 attractive 411:420 The parenchyma tissue is what you enjoy eating, while collenchyma, because of its fibrous nature, is not so attractive. 26717549 1 27 theme parenchyma 240:249 arg1 cells 251:255 parenchyma cells 240:255 parenchyma cells 240:255 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 6 28 from evident 923:929 arg1 spectrum 950:957 the collenchyma spectrum 934:957 the collenchyma spectrum 934:957 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 1 29 theme thickened 159:167 arg1 walls 169:173 their thickened walls 153:173 their thickened walls 153:173 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 2 30 theme fibrous 385:391 arg1 nature 393:398 its fibrous nature 381:398 its fibrous nature 381:398 The parenchyma tissue is what you enjoy eating, while collenchyma, because of its fibrous nature, is not so attractive. 26717549 5 31 theme cell 728:731 arg1 walls 733:737 the collenchyma cell walls 712:737 the collenchyma cell walls 712:737 Monosaccharide composition suggested the collenchyma cell walls contained less pectin but more hemicellulose in comparison to parenchyma. 26717549 3 32 theme cell 494:497 arg1 types 499:503 the two cell types 486:503 the two cell types 486:503 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 0 33 theme celery 14:19 arg1 collenchyma 43:53 celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma 14:53 celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma 14:53 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 6 34 theme arabinan 896:903 arg1 signals 905:911 the arabinan signals 892:911 the arabinan signals 892:911 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 6 34 theme arabinan 896:903 arg1 evident 923:929 evident 923:929 evident 923:929 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 0 35 theme solid-state 107:117 arg1 NMR 125:127 solid-state (13)C NMR 107:127 solid-state (13)C NMR 107:127 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 0 36 dep collenchyma 43:53 arg1 polysaccharides 80:94 cell wall polysaccharides 70:94 cell wall polysaccharides 70:94 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 5 37 theme Monosaccharide 675:688 arg1 composition 690:700 Monosaccharide composition 675:700 Monosaccharide composition 675:700 Monosaccharide composition suggested the collenchyma cell walls contained less pectin but more hemicellulose in comparison to parenchyma. 26717549 8 38 theme cellulose 1211:1219 arg1 surface/interior 1221:1236 cellulose surface/interior 1211:1236 cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma 1211:1281 The ratio of cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma suggested the cellulose microfibrils were ~2.4 nm, while in the parenchyma, these were somewhat larger. 26717549 3 39 theme types 499:503 arg1 walls 471:475 the cell walls 462:475 the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma 462:538 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 39 theme types 499:503 arg1 collenchyma 513:523 collenchyma 513:523 collenchyma 513:523 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 39 theme types 499:503 arg1 CWs 478:480 CWs 478:480 CWs 478:480 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 3 39 theme types 499:503 arg1 parenchyma 529:538 parenchyma 529:538 parenchyma 529:538 Celery is a useful model for comparing the cell walls (CWs) of the two cell types such as collenchyma and parenchyma. 26717549 6 40 theme stronger 989:996 arg1 resonance 998:1006 a much stronger resonance 982:1006 a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum 982:1033 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 7 41 theme acid 1099:1102 arg1 signals 1104:1110 methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals 1049:1110 methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals 1049:1110 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 6 42 theme mobile 863:868 arg1 pectins 870:876 highly mobile pectins 856:876 highly mobile pectins 856:876 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 8 43 theme surface/interior 1221:1236 arg1 ratio 1202:1206 The ratio 1198:1206 The ratio of cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma 1198:1281 The ratio of cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma suggested the cellulose microfibrils were ~2.4 nm, while in the parenchyma, these were somewhat larger. 26717549 7 44 dep esterified 1056:1065 arg1 methyl 1049:1054 methyl 1049:1054 methyl 1049:1054 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 2 45 theme parenchyma 307:316 arg1 tissue 318:323 The parenchyma tissue 303:323 The parenchyma tissue 303:323 The parenchyma tissue is what you enjoy eating, while collenchyma, because of its fibrous nature, is not so attractive. 26717549 7 46 theme non-esterified 1071:1084 arg1 acid 1099:1102 non-esterified galacturonic acid 1071:1102 non-esterified galacturonic acid 1071:1102 In addition, methyl esterified and non-esterified galacturonic acid signals were observed in parenchyma CWs, but only the latter one appeared in the collenchyma. 26717549 6 47 theme pectins 870:876 arg1 spectra 845:851 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra 813:851 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins 813:876 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 0 48 theme C 123:123 arg1 NMR 125:127 solid-state (13)C NMR 107:127 solid-state (13)C NMR 107:127 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 0 49 dep Apium 22:26 arg1 L. 39:40 Apium graveolens L. 22:40 Apium graveolens L. 22:40 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 4 50 theme parenchyma 609:618 arg1 walls 625:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls 593:629 collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 593:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 1 51 theme multiple 283:290 arg1 functions 292:300 multiple functions 283:300 multiple functions 283:300 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 1 52 with cells 142:146 arg1 walls 169:173 their thickened walls 153:173 their thickened walls 153:173 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 9 53 theme microfibrils 1441:1452 arg1 size 1419:1422 the size 1415:1422 the size of the cellulose microfibrils were the same for both types of CWs 1415:1488 X-ray diffraction indicated the size of the cellulose microfibrils were the same for both types of CWs. 26717549 1 54 theme specific 186:193 arg1 tissues 214:220 specific mechanical support tissues 186:220 specific mechanical support tissues for plants 186:231 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 8 55 theme cellulose 1297:1305 arg1 microfibrils 1307:1318 the cellulose microfibrils 1293:1318 the cellulose microfibrils 1293:1318 The ratio of cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma suggested the cellulose microfibrils were ~2.4 nm, while in the parenchyma, these were somewhat larger. 26717549 4 56 theme walls 625:629 arg1 characteristics 574:588 the structural characteristics 559:588 the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant 559:649 However, to date, the structural characteristics of collenchyma and parenchyma cell walls from the same plant have not been compared. 26717549 1 57 theme mechanical 195:204 arg1 tissues 214:220 specific mechanical support tissues 186:220 specific mechanical support tissues for plants 186:231 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 8 58 dep suggested 1283:1291 arg1 nm 1330:1331 ~2.4 nm 1325:1331 ~2.4 nm 1325:1331 The ratio of cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma suggested the cellulose microfibrils were ~2.4 nm, while in the parenchyma, these were somewhat larger. 26717549 9 59 theme cellulose 1431:1439 arg1 microfibrils 1441:1452 the cellulose microfibrils 1427:1452 the cellulose microfibrils were the same for both types of CWs 1427:1488 X-ray diffraction indicated the size of the cellulose microfibrils were the same for both types of CWs. 26717549 1 60 theme support 206:212 arg1 tissues 214:220 specific mechanical support tissues 186:220 specific mechanical support tissues for plants 186:231 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 0 61 theme collenchyma 43:53 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides 0:94 Comparison of celery (Apium graveolens L.) collenchyma and parenchyma cell wall polysaccharides enabled by solid-state (13)C NMR. 26717549 6 62 theme collenchyma 938:948 arg1 spectrum 950:957 the collenchyma spectrum 934:957 the collenchyma spectrum 934:957 High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of highly mobile pectins revealed that the arabinan signals were more evident in the collenchyma spectrum, while galactan showed a much stronger resonance in the parenchyma spectrum. 26717549 8 63 theme CP/MAS 1252:1257 arg1 spectra 1259:1265 CP/MAS spectra 1252:1265 CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma 1252:1281 The ratio of cellulose surface/interior obtained from CP/MAS spectra for collenchyma suggested the cellulose microfibrils were ~2.4 nm, while in the parenchyma, these were somewhat larger. 26717549 1 64 theme tissues 214:220 arg1 tissues 214:220 specific mechanical support tissues 186:220 specific mechanical support tissues for plants 186:231 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 26717549 1 64 theme tissues 214:220 arg1 one 179:181 one 179:181 one 179:181 Collenchyma cells with their thickened walls are one of specific mechanical support tissues for plants, while parenchyma cells are thin walled and serve multiple functions. 25401396 0 0 theme polysaccharides 95:109 arg1 NaOH 13:16 NaOH 13:16 NaOH 13:16 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 0 theme polysaccharides 95:109 arg1 extraction 42:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 0 theme polysaccharides 95:109 arg1 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 1 from NaOH 13:16 arg1 seaweed 127:133 the edible seaweed 116:133 the edible seaweed 116:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 9 2 theme antioxidant 1226:1236 arg1 capacity 1217:1224 The total capacity antioxidant 1207:1236 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP 1207:1252 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 9 2 theme antioxidant 1226:1236 arg1 TCA 1239:1241 TCA 1239:1241 TCA 1239:1241 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 0 3 dep Gracilaria 136:145 arg1 birdiae 147:153 Gracilaria birdiae 136:153 Gracilaria birdiae 136:153 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 3 dep Gracilaria 136:145 arg1 NaOH 13:16 NaOH 13:16 NaOH 13:16 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 3 dep Gracilaria 136:145 arg1 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 3 dep Gracilaria 136:145 arg1 extraction 42:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 4 theme sulfated 86:93 arg1 polysaccharides 95:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides 56:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed 56:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 9 5 theme lower 1323:1327 arg1 activity 1329:1336 lower activity 1323:1336 lower activity 1323:1336 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 10 6 theme chemical 1466:1473 arg1 composition 1475:1485 chemical composition 1466:1485 chemical composition 1466:1485 In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. 25401396 4 7 theme Infrared 619:626 arg1 analysis 648:655 Infrared and electrophoresis analysis 619:655 analysis 648:655 Infrared and electrophoresis analysis showed that all conditions extracted the same SP. 25401396 1 8 dep conditions 285:294 arg1 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 8 dep conditions 285:294 arg1 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 8 dep conditions 285:294 arg1 conditions 285:294 five different extraction conditions 259:294 five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 259:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 8 dep conditions 285:294 arg1 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 8 dep conditions 285:294 arg1 -water 323:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 8 dep conditions 285:294 arg1 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 10 9 theme SP 1410:1411 arg1 extraction 1413:1422 SP extraction 1410:1422 SP extraction 1410:1422 In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. 25401396 5 10 theme polysaccharides 797:811 arg1 extraction 783:792 the extraction 779:792 the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP 779:825 In addition, monosaccharide composition showed that ultrasound promotes the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP. 25401396 6 11 theme anticoagulant 941:953 arg1 activity 955:962 anticoagulant activity 941:962 anticoagulant activity 941:962 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 9 12 theme other 1359:1363 arg1 conditions 1365:1374 the other conditions 1355:1374 the other conditions 1355:1374 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 7 13 theme time 1011:1014 arg1 test 1023:1026 the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test 974:1026 the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test 974:1026 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 3 14 theme different 577:585 arg1 way 587:589 a different way 575:589 a different way 575:589 However, the amount of SP extracted increased in a different way: GB2sp>GB1>GB1sp>GB1s>GB2s. 25401396 1 15 theme different 264:272 arg1 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 15 theme different 264:272 arg1 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 15 theme different 264:272 arg1 conditions 285:294 five different extraction conditions 259:294 five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 259:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 15 theme different 264:272 arg1 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 15 theme different 264:272 arg1 -water 323:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 15 theme different 264:272 arg1 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 5 16 theme other 813:817 arg1 polysaccharides 797:811 polysaccharides 797:811 polysaccharides other than SP 797:825 In addition, monosaccharide composition showed that ultrasound promotes the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP. 25401396 0 17 theme edible 120:125 arg1 seaweed 127:133 the edible seaweed 116:133 the edible seaweed 116:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 18 from extraction 42:51 arg1 seaweed 127:133 the edible seaweed 116:133 the edible seaweed 116:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 9 19 theme SP 1251:1252 arg1 capacity 1217:1224 The total capacity antioxidant 1207:1236 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP 1207:1252 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 9 19 theme SP 1251:1252 arg1 TCA 1239:1241 TCA 1239:1241 TCA 1239:1241 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 7 20 theme partial 988:994 arg1 aPTT 1017:1020 aPTT 1017:1020 aPTT 1017:1020 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 7 20 theme partial 988:994 arg1 time 1011:1014 the activated partial thromboplastin time 974:1014 the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test 974:1026 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 8 21 theme GB1sp>GB2sp>GB1>GB1s>GB2s 1180:1204 arg1 order 1171:1175 the order 1167:1175 the order of GB1sp>GB2sp>GB1>GB1s>GB2s 1167:1204 The aPTT activity decreased in the order of GB1sp>GB2sp>GB1>GB1s>GB2s. 25401396 7 22 theme thromboplastin 996:1009 arg1 aPTT 1017:1020 aPTT 1017:1020 aPTT 1017:1020 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 7 22 theme thromboplastin 996:1009 arg1 time 1011:1014 the activated partial thromboplastin time 974:1014 the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test 974:1026 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 8 23 theme aPTT 1140:1143 arg1 activity 1145:1152 The aPTT activity 1136:1152 The aPTT activity 1136:1152 The aPTT activity decreased in the order of GB1sp>GB2sp>GB1>GB1s>GB2s. 25401396 1 24 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 416:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 24 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis 354:387 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 24 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 conditions 285:294 five different extraction conditions 259:294 five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 259:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 24 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 GB2s-NaOH/sonication 390:409 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 24 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 -water 323:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 24 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 GB1s-water/sonication 331:351 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 6 25 theme time 847:850 arg1 test 857:860 the prothrombin time (PT) test 831:860 the prothrombin time (PT) test 831:860 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 6 26 theme coagulation 893:903 arg1 pathway 905:911 the extrinsic coagulation pathway 879:911 the extrinsic coagulation pathway 879:911 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 10 27 theme biological 1440:1449 arg1 activities 1451:1460 their biological activities 1434:1460 their biological activities 1434:1460 In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. 25401396 6 28 theme prothrombin 835:845 arg1 PT 853:854 PT 853:854 PT 853:854 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 6 28 theme prothrombin 835:845 arg1 time 847:850 prothrombin time 835:850 the prothrombin time (PT) test 831:860 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 1 29 theme edible 199:204 arg1 seaweed 210:216 the edible red seaweed 195:216 the edible red seaweed 195:216 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 29 theme edible 199:204 arg1 birdiae 230:236 Gracilaria birdiae 219:236 Gracilaria birdiae 219:236 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 7 30 theme activated 978:986 arg1 aPTT 1017:1020 aPTT 1017:1020 aPTT 1017:1020 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 7 30 theme activated 978:986 arg1 time 1011:1014 the activated partial thromboplastin time 974:1014 the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test 974:1026 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 1 31 theme red 206:208 arg1 seaweed 210:216 the edible red seaweed 195:216 the edible red seaweed 195:216 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 31 theme red 206:208 arg1 birdiae 230:236 Gracilaria birdiae 219:236 Gracilaria birdiae 219:236 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 32 theme Gracilaria 297:306 arg1 -water 323:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 32 theme Gracilaria 297:306 arg1 conditions 285:294 five different extraction conditions 259:294 five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 259:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 7 33 theme anticoagulant 1099:1111 arg1 activity 1113:1120 anticoagulant activity 1099:1120 anticoagulant activity 1099:1120 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 11 34 theme Gracilaria 1612:1621 arg1 birdiae 1623:1629 Gracilaria birdiae 1612:1629 Gracilaria birdiae 1612:1629 The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 35 theme ultrasound-enhanced 22:40 arg1 extraction 42:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 35 theme ultrasound-enhanced 22:40 arg1 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 1 36 theme birdiae 308:314 arg1 -water 323:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 36 theme birdiae 308:314 arg1 conditions 285:294 five different extraction conditions 259:294 five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 259:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 9 37 theme extraction 1275:1284 arg1 condition 1286:1294 extraction condition 1275:1294 extraction condition 1275:1294 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 1 38 from seaweed 210:216 arg1 SP 186:187 SP 186:187 SP 186:187 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 38 from seaweed 210:216 arg1 polysaccharides 169:183 The sulfated polysaccharides 156:183 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, 156:237 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 4 39 theme same 698:701 arg1 SP 703:704 the same SP 694:704 the same SP 694:704 Infrared and electrophoresis analysis showed that all conditions extracted the same SP. 25401396 0 40 theme anticoagulant 56:68 arg1 polysaccharides 95:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides 56:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed 56:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 5 41 theme monosaccharide 720:733 arg1 composition 735:745 monosaccharide composition 720:745 monosaccharide composition 720:745 In addition, monosaccharide composition showed that ultrasound promotes the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP. 25401396 6 42 theme samples 926:932 arg1 none 914:917 none 914:917 none of the samples 914:932 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 11 43 from birdiae 1623:1629 arg1 extract 1565:1571 extract 1565:1571 extract 1565:1571 The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 2 44 theme following 482:490 arg1 order 492:496 the following order 478:496 the following order 478:496 The yield (g) increased in the following order: GB2sp>GB1sp>GB2s>GB1s>GB1. 25401396 10 45 theme extraction 1413:1422 arg1 conditions 1396:1405 the conditions 1392:1405 the conditions of SP extraction 1392:1422 In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. 25401396 0 46 from seaweed 127:133 arg1 NaOH 13:16 NaOH 13:16 NaOH 13:16 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 46 from seaweed 127:133 arg1 extraction 42:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 ultrasound-enhanced extraction 22:51 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 46 from seaweed 127:133 arg1 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis 0:10 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 0 46 from seaweed 127:133 arg1 polysaccharides 95:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides 56:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed 56:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 11 47 theme best 1547:1550 arg1 condition 1552:1560 the best condition 1543:1560 the best condition 1543:1560 The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 1 48 theme GB1 319:321 arg1 -water 323:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water 297:328 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 48 theme GB1 319:321 arg1 conditions 285:294 five different extraction conditions 259:294 five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis 259:448 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 6 49 theme extrinsic 883:891 arg1 pathway 905:911 the extrinsic coagulation pathway 879:911 the extrinsic coagulation pathway 879:911 In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. 25401396 11 50 theme antioxidant 1591:1601 arg1 SPs 1603:1605 anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs 1573:1605 anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs 1573:1605 The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 7 51 theme intrinsic 1049:1057 arg1 pathway 1071:1077 the intrinsic coagulation pathway 1045:1077 the intrinsic coagulation pathway 1045:1077 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 1 52 theme Gracilaria 219:228 arg1 seaweed 210:216 the edible red seaweed 195:216 the edible red seaweed 195:216 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 52 theme Gracilaria 219:228 arg1 birdiae 230:236 Gracilaria birdiae 219:236 Gracilaria birdiae 219:236 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 7 53 theme coagulation 1059:1069 arg1 pathway 1071:1077 the intrinsic coagulation pathway 1045:1077 the intrinsic coagulation pathway 1045:1077 While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. 25401396 0 54 theme antioxidant 74:84 arg1 polysaccharides 95:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides 56:109 anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed 56:133 Proteolysis, NaOH and ultrasound-enhanced extraction of anticoagulant and antioxidant sulfated polysaccharides from the edible seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae. 25401396 9 55 theme total 1211:1215 arg1 capacity 1217:1224 The total capacity antioxidant 1207:1236 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP 1207:1252 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 9 55 theme total 1211:1215 arg1 TCA 1239:1241 TCA 1239:1241 TCA 1239:1241 The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. 25401396 3 56 theme SP 549:550 arg1 SP 549:550 SP 549:550 SP extracted 549:560 However, the amount of SP extracted increased in a different way: GB2sp>GB1>GB1sp>GB1s>GB2s. 25401396 3 56 theme SP 549:550 arg1 amount 539:544 the amount 535:544 the amount of SP extracted 535:560 However, the amount of SP extracted increased in a different way: GB2sp>GB1>GB1sp>GB1s>GB2s. 25401396 4 57 theme electrophoresis 632:646 arg1 analysis 648:655 Infrared and electrophoresis analysis 619:655 analysis 648:655 Infrared and electrophoresis analysis showed that all conditions extracted the same SP. 25401396 1 58 theme sulfated 160:167 arg1 SP 186:187 SP 186:187 SP 186:187 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 1 58 theme sulfated 160:167 arg1 polysaccharides 169:183 The sulfated polysaccharides 156:183 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, 156:237 The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. 25401396 11 59 theme anticoagulant 1573:1585 arg1 SPs 1603:1605 anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs 1573:1605 anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs 1573:1605 The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae. 29254014 5 0 theme iron 768:771 arg1 capacity 788:795 a good iron(III) chelating capacity 761:795 a good iron(III) chelating capacity 761:795 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 3 1 theme chemical 549:556 arg1 composition 558:568 chemical composition 549:568 chemical composition 549:568 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 4 2 theme 41.1kDa 712:718 arg1 content 732:738 sulfate content 724:738 sulfate content of 16.2% 724:747 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 2 theme 41.1kDa 712:718 arg1 weight 702:707 a molecular weight 690:707 a molecular weight of 41.1kDa 690:718 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 0 3 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 35:44 properties 35:44 properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera 35:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 0 3 from Effect 0:5 arg1 applicability 103:115 their applicability 97:115 their applicability in iron chelation 97:133 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 7 4 theme tissue 1052:1057 arg1 component 1026:1034 the main component 1017:1034 the main component of E. prolifera tissue 1017:1057 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 7 4 theme tissue 1052:1057 arg1 polysaccharides 997:1011 Soluble polysaccharides 989:1011 Soluble polysaccharides 989:1011 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 2 5 theme sulfated 314:321 arg1 polysaccharides 337:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 3 6 theme polysaccharides 403:417 arg1 properties 389:398 the physicochemical properties 369:398 the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques 369:472 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 2 7 theme special 306:312 arg1 polysaccharides 337:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 0 8 theme iron 120:123 arg1 chelation 125:133 iron chelation 120:133 iron chelation 120:133 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 7 9 theme E. 1039:1040 arg1 tissue 1052:1057 E. prolifera tissue 1039:1057 E. prolifera tissue 1039:1057 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 8 10 theme iron 1172:1175 arg1 supplements 1177:1187 iron supplements 1172:1187 iron supplements 1172:1187 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 7 11 dep easy 1060:1063 arg1 properties 1093:1102 unique properties 1086:1102 unique properties 1086:1102 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 7 11 dep easy 1060:1063 arg1 prepare 1068:1074 prepare 1068:1074 to prepare 1065:1074 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 5 12 theme iron 843:846 arg1 content 848:854 the iron content 839:854 the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex 839:879 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 0 13 from properties 35:44 arg1 prolifera 83:91 Enteromorpha prolifera 70:91 Enteromorpha prolifera 70:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 0 13 from properties 35:44 arg1 chelation 125:133 iron chelation 120:133 iron chelation 120:133 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 7 14 theme prolifera 1042:1050 arg1 tissue 1052:1057 E. prolifera tissue 1039:1057 E. prolifera tissue 1039:1057 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 3 15 theme significant 493:503 arg1 differences 505:515 significant differences 493:515 significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition 493:568 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 8 16 theme ACP-iron 1118:1125 arg1 candidate 1158:1166 a powerful candidate 1147:1166 a powerful candidate for iron supplements 1147:1187 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 8 16 theme ACP-iron 1118:1125 arg1 complex 1132:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex 1105:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex 1105:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 5 17 theme complex 873:879 arg1 content 848:854 the iron content 839:854 the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex 839:879 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 4 18 theme molecular 692:700 arg1 weight 702:707 a molecular weight 690:707 a molecular weight of 41.1kDa 690:718 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 8 19 theme prepared 1109:1116 arg1 candidate 1158:1166 a powerful candidate 1147:1166 a powerful candidate for iron supplements 1147:1187 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 8 19 theme prepared 1109:1116 arg1 complex 1132:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex 1105:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex 1105:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 4 20 theme % 747:747 arg1 content 732:738 sulfate content 724:738 sulfate content of 16.2% 724:747 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 20 theme % 747:747 arg1 weight 702:707 a molecular weight 690:707 a molecular weight of 41.1kDa 690:718 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 5 21 theme ACP-iron 859:866 arg1 complex 873:879 ACP-iron(III) complex 859:879 ACP-iron(III) complex 859:879 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 0 22 theme techniques 21:30 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 0:134 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 2 23 contain contains 297:304 arg1 prolifera 258:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 2 23 contain contains 297:304 arg2 polysaccharides 337:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 2 23 contain contains 297:304 arg1 alga 291:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 4 24 contain had 605:607 arg2 yield 632:636 the highest extraction yield 609:636 the highest extraction yield (24.7%) 609:644 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 24 contain had 605:607 arg1 extraction 594:603 The acid extraction 585:603 The acid extraction 585:603 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 24 contain had 605:607 arg2 % 643:643 24.7% 639:643 24.7% 639:643 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 5 25 theme surface 817:823 arg1 optimization 825:836 response surface optimization 808:836 response surface optimization 808:836 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 0 26 theme extraction 10:19 arg1 techniques 21:30 extraction techniques 10:30 extraction techniques 10:30 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 4 27 theme extraction 621:630 arg1 yield 632:636 the highest extraction yield 609:636 the highest extraction yield (24.7%) 609:644 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 27 theme extraction 621:630 arg1 % 643:643 24.7% 639:643 24.7% 639:643 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 7 28 theme main 1021:1024 arg1 component 1026:1034 the main component 1017:1034 the main component of E. prolifera tissue 1017:1057 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 7 28 theme main 1021:1024 arg1 polysaccharides 997:1011 Soluble polysaccharides 989:1011 Soluble polysaccharides 989:1011 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 3 29 theme physicochemical 373:387 arg1 properties 389:398 the physicochemical properties 369:398 the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques 369:472 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 2 30 theme rhamnose-rich 323:335 arg1 polysaccharides 337:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides 306:351 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 4 31 theme obtained 655:662 arg1 ACP 681:683 ACP 681:683 ACP 681:683 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 31 theme obtained 655:662 arg1 polysaccharides 664:678 the obtained polysaccharides 651:678 the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) 651:684 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 32 theme highest 613:619 arg1 yield 632:636 the highest extraction yield 609:636 the highest extraction yield (24.7%) 609:644 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 32 theme highest 613:619 arg1 % 643:643 24.7% 639:643 24.7% 639:643 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 0 33 from prolifera 83:91 arg1 properties 35:44 properties 35:44 properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera 35:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 0 33 from prolifera 83:91 arg1 polysaccharides 49:63 polysaccharides 49:63 polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera 49:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 0 33 from prolifera 83:91 arg1 applicability 103:115 their applicability 97:115 their applicability in iron chelation 97:133 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 6 34 theme ACP 984:986 arg1 hydroxyl 959:966 hydroxyl 959:966 hydroxyl 959:966 According to the structure analysis, iron(III) was bound with hydroxyl and carboxyl of ACP. 29254014 6 34 theme ACP 984:986 arg1 carboxyl 972:979 carboxyl 972:979 carboxyl 972:979 According to the structure analysis, iron(III) was bound with hydroxyl and carboxyl of ACP. 29254014 8 35 theme powerful 1149:1156 arg1 candidate 1158:1166 a powerful candidate 1147:1166 a powerful candidate for iron supplements 1147:1187 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 8 35 theme powerful 1149:1156 arg1 complex 1132:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex 1105:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex 1105:1138 The prepared ACP-iron(III) complex may be a powerful candidate for iron supplements. 29254014 6 36 theme structure 914:922 arg1 analysis 924:931 the structure analysis 910:931 the structure analysis 910:931 According to the structure analysis, iron(III) was bound with hydroxyl and carboxyl of ACP. 29254014 7 37 theme unique 1086:1091 arg1 properties 1093:1102 unique properties 1086:1102 unique properties 1086:1102 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 3 38 from differences 505:515 arg1 composition 558:568 chemical composition 549:568 chemical composition 549:568 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 3 38 from differences 505:515 arg1 yield 520:524 yield 520:524 yield 520:524 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 3 38 from differences 505:515 arg1 weight 537:542 molecular weight 527:542 molecular weight 527:542 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 0 39 theme polysaccharides 49:63 arg1 properties 35:44 properties 35:44 properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera 35:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 0 39 theme polysaccharides 49:63 arg1 applicability 103:115 their applicability 97:115 their applicability in iron chelation 97:133 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 5 40 theme good 763:766 arg1 capacity 788:795 a good iron(III) chelating capacity 761:795 a good iron(III) chelating capacity 761:795 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 2 41 theme Enteromorpha 245:256 arg1 prolifera 258:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 2 41 theme Enteromorpha 245:256 arg1 alga 291:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 3 42 theme different 453:461 arg1 techniques 463:472 different techniques 453:472 different techniques 453:472 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 7 43 theme Soluble 989:995 arg1 component 1026:1034 the main component 1017:1034 the main component of E. prolifera tissue 1017:1057 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 7 43 theme Soluble 989:995 arg1 polysaccharides 997:1011 Soluble polysaccharides 989:1011 Soluble polysaccharides 989:1011 Soluble polysaccharides are the main component of E. prolifera tissue, easy to prepare, and with unique properties. 29254014 4 44 theme sulfate 724:730 arg1 content 732:738 sulfate content 724:738 sulfate content of 16.2% 724:747 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 45 theme acid 589:592 arg1 extraction 594:603 The acid extraction 585:603 The acid extraction 585:603 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 3 46 theme molecular 527:535 arg1 weight 537:542 molecular weight 527:542 molecular weight 527:542 In this study, the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides extracted from E. prolifera using different techniques were compared, and significant differences in yield, molecular weight, and chemical composition were observed. 29254014 0 47 from applicability 103:115 arg1 prolifera 83:91 Enteromorpha prolifera 70:91 Enteromorpha prolifera 70:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 0 47 from applicability 103:115 arg1 chelation 125:133 iron chelation 120:133 iron chelation 120:133 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 2 48 theme green 285:289 arg1 prolifera 258:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 2 48 theme green 285:289 arg1 alga 291:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 1 49 theme structural 140:149 arg1 characteristics 151:165 The structural characteristics 136:165 The structural characteristics of polysaccharides 136:184 The structural characteristics of polysaccharides directly affect their property, function, and application. 29254014 0 50 theme Enteromorpha 70:81 arg1 prolifera 83:91 Enteromorpha prolifera 70:91 Enteromorpha prolifera 70:91 Effect of extraction techniques on properties of polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera and their applicability in iron chelation. 29254014 4 51 contain had 686:688 arg2 weight 702:707 a molecular weight 690:707 a molecular weight of 41.1kDa 690:718 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 51 contain had 686:688 arg2 content 732:738 sulfate content 724:738 sulfate content of 16.2% 724:747 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 51 contain had 686:688 arg1 ACP 681:683 ACP 681:683 ACP 681:683 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 4 51 contain had 686:688 arg1 polysaccharides 664:678 the obtained polysaccharides 651:678 the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) 651:684 The acid extraction had the highest extraction yield (24.7%), and the obtained polysaccharides (ACP) had a molecular weight of 41.1kDa and sulfate content of 16.2%. 29254014 2 52 theme resource-rich 271:283 arg1 prolifera 258:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera 245:266 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 2 52 theme resource-rich 271:283 arg1 alga 291:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 a resource-rich green alga 269:294 Enteromorpha prolifera, a resource-rich green alga, contains special sulfated rhamnose-rich polysaccharides. 29254014 5 53 theme chelating 778:786 arg1 capacity 788:795 a good iron(III) chelating capacity 761:795 a good iron(III) chelating capacity 761:795 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 29254014 1 54 theme polysaccharides 170:184 arg1 characteristics 151:165 The structural characteristics 136:165 The structural characteristics of polysaccharides 136:184 The structural characteristics of polysaccharides directly affect their property, function, and application. 29254014 5 55 theme response 808:815 arg1 optimization 825:836 response surface optimization 808:836 response surface optimization 808:836 ACP showed a good iron(III) chelating capacity, and after response surface optimization, the iron content of ACP-iron(III) complex reached 20.85%. 24693939 13 0 theme functional 2296:2305 arg1 significance 2307:2318 the functional significance 2292:2318 the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes 2292:2380 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 3 1 theme proteins 576:583 arg1 moiety 550:555 the glycan moiety 539:555 the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 539:583 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 8 2 theme structure-specific 1314:1331 arg1 hydrolases 1333:1342 structure-specific hydrolases 1314:1342 structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1314:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 6 3 theme other 975:979 arg1 AtGLCAT14A 1016:1025 AtGLCAT14A 1016:1025 AtGLCAT14A 1016:1025 AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. 24693939 6 3 theme other 975:979 arg1 AtGALT31A 1002:1010 AtGALT31A 1002:1010 AtGALT31A 1002:1010 AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. 24693939 6 3 theme other 975:979 arg1 GTs 997:999 other arabinogalactan GTs 975:999 other arabinogalactan GTs 975:999 AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. 24693939 8 4 theme β-1,6-galactan 1445:1458 arg1 chains 1465:1470 β-1,6-galactan side chains 1445:1470 β-1,6-galactan side chains 1445:1470 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 5 theme arabinogalactan 2263:2277 arg1 proteins 2279:2286 arabinogalactan proteins 2263:2286 arabinogalactan proteins 2263:2286 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 5 6 theme Enzyme 927:932 arg1 GT29 941:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 10 7 theme protein 1856:1862 arg1 complex 1864:1870 the isolated protein complex 1843:1870 the isolated protein complex 1843:1870 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 7 8 theme oligosaccharides 1202:1217 arg1 mixture 1183:1189 a mixture 1181:1189 a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins 1181:1255 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 3 9 from moiety 550:555 arg1 Importance 507:516 Importance 507:516 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions 507:603 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 3 10 theme biosynthetic 634:645 arg1 process 647:653 its biosynthetic process 630:653 its biosynthetic process 630:653 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 4 11 from enzyme 712:717 arg1 biosynthesis 726:737 the biosynthesis 722:737 the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 722:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 1 12 theme plants 236:241 arg1 surfaces 224:231 cell surfaces 219:231 cell surfaces of plants 219:241 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 8 13 theme β-1,6-galactosyltransferase 1396:1422 arg1 activity 1424:1431 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity 1396:1431 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity 1396:1431 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 9 14 theme resonance 1712:1720 arg1 transfer 1729:1736 Förster resonance energy transfer 1704:1736 Förster resonance energy transfer 1704:1736 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 4 15 theme proteins 779:786 arg1 moiety 753:758 the glycan moiety 742:758 the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 742:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 5 16 from thaliana 832:839 arg1 AtGALT29A 804:812 AtGALT29A 804:812 AtGALT29A 804:812 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 5 16 from thaliana 832:839 arg1 glycosyltransferase 860:878 a putative glycosyltransferase 849:878 a putative glycosyltransferase (GT) 849:883 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 5 16 from thaliana 832:839 arg1 At1g08280 793:801 The At1g08280 789:801 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana 789:839 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 8 17 theme main 1521:1524 arg1 chain 1526:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain 1502:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1502:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 18 theme glycosylation 2238:2250 arg1 process 2252:2258 the glycosylation process 2234:2258 the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins 2234:2286 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 4 19 dep RESULTS 677:683 arg1 identified 693:702 identified 693:702 have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 688:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 8 20 from branches 1490:1497 arg1 chain 1526:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain 1502:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1502:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 1 21 theme Arabinogalactan 156:170 arg1 proteins 172:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins 145:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins 145:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 21 theme Arabinogalactan 156:170 arg1 proteoglycans 194:206 abundant proteoglycans 185:206 abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation 185:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 4 22 theme glycan 746:751 arg1 moiety 753:758 the glycan moiety 742:758 the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 742:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 5 23 theme Arabidopsis 820:830 arg1 thaliana 832:839 Arabidopsis thaliana 820:839 Arabidopsis thaliana 820:839 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 8 24 theme proteins 1551:1558 arg1 chain 1526:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain 1502:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1502:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 25 theme new 2217:2219 arg1 knowledge 2221:2229 new knowledge 2217:2229 new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins 2217:2286 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 0 26 theme arabinogalactan 80:94 arg1 biosynthesis 56:67 the biosynthesis 52:67 the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan 52:94 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 0 27 from Galactosyltransferases 0:21 arg1 biosynthesis 56:67 the biosynthesis 52:67 the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan 52:94 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 0 28 theme molecular 97:105 arg1 interaction 107:117 molecular interaction 97:117 molecular interaction 97:117 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 10 29 theme activities 1929:1938 arg1 level 1892:1896 increased level 1882:1896 increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities 1882:1938 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 3 30 theme variations 525:534 arg1 Importance 507:516 Importance 507:516 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions 507:603 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 0 31 theme Arabidopsis 28:38 arg1 thaliana 40:47 Arabidopsis thaliana 28:47 Arabidopsis thaliana 28:47 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 9 32 theme fluorescence 1565:1576 arg1 AtGALT29A 1585:1593 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A 1561:1593 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana 1561:1621 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 2 33 theme proteins 472:479 arg1 modification 456:467 post-translational modification 437:467 post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway 437:504 Arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. 24693939 5 34 theme putative 851:858 arg1 glycosyltransferase 860:878 a putative glycosyltransferase 849:878 a putative glycosyltransferase (GT) 849:883 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 5 34 theme putative 851:858 arg1 At1g08280 793:801 The At1g08280 789:801 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana 789:839 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 5 34 theme putative 851:858 arg1 GT 881:882 GT 881:882 GT 881:882 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 1 35 theme cell 345:348 arg1 elongation 350:359 cell elongation 345:359 cell elongation 345:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 9 36 theme N. 1608:1609 arg1 benthamiana 1611:1621 N. benthamiana 1608:1621 N. benthamiana 1608:1621 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 12 37 theme galactose 2128:2136 arg1 residues 2138:2145 galactose residues 2128:2145 galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan 2128:2194 The complex can work cooperatively to enhance the activities of adding galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan. 24693939 0 38 theme type 72:75 arg1 arabinogalactan 80:94 type II arabinogalactan 72:94 type II arabinogalactan 72:94 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 2 39 from modification 456:467 arg1 pathway 498:504 the secretory pathway 484:504 the secretory pathway 484:504 Arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. 24693939 1 40 theme cellular 264:271 arg1 communication 327:339 cell-cell communication 317:339 cell-cell communication 317:339 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 40 theme cellular 264:271 arg1 elongation 350:359 cell elongation 345:359 cell elongation 345:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 40 theme cellular 264:271 arg1 processes 273:281 many cellular processes 259:281 many cellular processes 259:281 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 40 theme cellular 264:271 arg1 embryogenesis 302:314 somatic embryogenesis 294:314 somatic embryogenesis 294:314 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 8 41 theme galactose-incorporated 1262:1283 arg1 products 1285:1292 The galactose-incorporated products 1258:1292 The galactose-incorporated products 1258:1292 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 0 42 dep Galactosyltransferases 0:21 arg1 enhances 119:126 enhances 119:126 enhances enzyme activity 119:142 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 3 43 from Importance 507:516 arg1 moiety 550:555 the glycan moiety 539:555 the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 539:583 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 3 44 theme arabinogalactan 560:574 arg1 proteins 576:583 arabinogalactan proteins 560:583 arabinogalactan proteins 560:583 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 9 45 theme Golgi 1640:1644 arg1 stacks 1646:1651 Golgi stacks 1640:1651 Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer 1640:1736 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 6 46 theme arabinogalactan 981:995 arg1 AtGLCAT14A 1016:1025 AtGLCAT14A 1016:1025 AtGLCAT14A 1016:1025 AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. 24693939 6 46 theme arabinogalactan 981:995 arg1 AtGALT31A 1002:1010 AtGALT31A 1002:1010 AtGALT31A 1002:1010 AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. 24693939 6 46 theme arabinogalactan 981:995 arg1 GTs 997:999 other arabinogalactan GTs 975:999 other arabinogalactan GTs 975:999 AtGALT29A co-expresses with other arabinogalactan GTs, AtGALT31A and AtGLCAT14A. 24693939 7 47 theme arabinogalactan 1232:1246 arg1 proteins 1248:1255 arabinogalactan proteins 1232:1255 arabinogalactan proteins 1232:1255 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 1 48 theme somatic 294:300 arg1 embryogenesis 302:314 somatic embryogenesis 294:314 somatic embryogenesis 294:314 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 13 49 theme protein-protein 2323:2337 arg1 interactions 2339:2350 protein-protein interactions 2323:2350 protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes 2323:2380 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 1 50 theme cell 219:222 arg1 surfaces 224:231 cell surfaces 219:231 cell surfaces of plants 219:241 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 5 51 theme Active 920:925 arg1 GT29 941:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 7 52 theme various 1194:1200 arg1 oligosaccharides 1202:1217 various oligosaccharides 1194:1217 various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins 1194:1255 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 53 theme proteins 2279:2286 arg1 process 2252:2258 the glycosylation process 2234:2258 the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins 2234:2286 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 2 54 theme Arabinogalactan 362:376 arg1 proteins 378:385 Arabinogalactan proteins 362:385 Arabinogalactan proteins 362:385 Arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. 24693939 5 55 theme family 934:939 arg1 GT29 941:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 8 56 theme side 1460:1463 arg1 chains 1465:1470 β-1,6-galactan side chains 1445:1470 β-1,6-galactan side chains 1445:1470 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 10 57 theme isolated 1847:1854 arg1 complex 1864:1870 the isolated protein complex 1843:1870 the isolated protein complex 1843:1870 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 8 58 theme recombinant 1364:1374 arg1 AtGALT29A 1376:1384 the recombinant AtGALT29A 1360:1384 the recombinant AtGALT29A 1360:1384 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 12 59 theme 6-linked 2147:2154 arg1 residues 2138:2145 galactose residues 2128:2145 galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan 2128:2194 The complex can work cooperatively to enhance the activities of adding galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan. 24693939 4 60 theme moiety 753:758 arg1 biosynthesis 726:737 the biosynthesis 722:737 the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 722:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 9 61 theme Förster 1704:1710 arg1 transfer 1729:1736 Förster resonance energy transfer 1704:1736 Förster resonance energy transfer 1704:1736 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 4 62 theme novel 706:710 arg1 enzyme 712:717 a novel enzyme 704:717 a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 704:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 10 63 theme increased 1882:1890 arg1 level 1892:1896 increased level 1882:1896 increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities 1882:1938 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 8 64 contain possesses 1386:1394 arg2 activity 1424:1431 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity 1396:1431 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity 1396:1431 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 8 64 contain possesses 1386:1394 arg1 AtGALT29A 1376:1384 the recombinant AtGALT29A 1360:1384 the recombinant AtGALT29A 1360:1384 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 9 65 theme energy 1722:1727 arg1 transfer 1729:1736 Förster resonance energy transfer 1704:1736 Förster resonance energy transfer 1704:1736 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 4 66 theme arabinogalactan 763:777 arg1 proteins 779:786 arabinogalactan proteins 763:786 arabinogalactan proteins 763:786 RESULTS We have identified a novel enzyme in the biosynthesis of the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 7 67 theme galactosyltransferase 1104:1124 arg1 activity 1126:1133 a galactosyltransferase activity 1102:1133 a galactosyltransferase activity 1102:1133 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 1 68 theme BACKGROUND 145:154 arg1 proteins 172:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins 145:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins 145:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 68 theme BACKGROUND 145:154 arg1 proteoglycans 194:206 abundant proteoglycans 185:206 abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation 185:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 8 69 theme β-1,3-galactan 1506:1519 arg1 chain 1526:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain 1502:1530 the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1502:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 70 theme process 2252:2258 arg1 knowledge 2221:2229 new knowledge 2217:2229 new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins 2217:2286 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 13 70 theme process 2252:2258 arg1 significance 2307:2318 the functional significance 2292:2318 the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes 2292:2380 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 0 71 from thaliana 40:47 arg1 Galactosyltransferases 0:21 Galactosyltransferases 0:21 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 0:143 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 7 72 theme Nicotiana 1067:1075 arg1 benthamiana 1077:1087 Nicotiana benthamiana 1067:1087 Nicotiana benthamiana 1067:1087 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 1 73 theme abundant 185:192 arg1 proteins 172:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins 145:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins 145:179 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 73 theme abundant 185:192 arg1 proteoglycans 194:206 abundant proteoglycans 185:206 abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation 185:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 8 74 theme arabinogalactan 1535:1549 arg1 proteins 1551:1558 arabinogalactan proteins 1535:1558 arabinogalactan proteins 1535:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 10 75 contain containing 1773:1782 arg2 AtGALT29A 1798:1806 AtGALT29A 1798:1806 AtGALT29A 1798:1806 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 10 75 contain containing 1773:1782 arg2 AtGALT31A 1784:1792 AtGALT31A 1784:1792 AtGALT31A 1784:1792 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 10 75 contain containing 1773:1782 arg1 complex 1765:1771 the enzyme complex 1754:1771 the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A 1754:1806 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 0 76 theme enzyme 128:133 arg1 activity 135:142 enzyme activity 128:142 enzyme activity 128:142 Galactosyltransferases from Arabidopsis thaliana in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan: molecular interaction enhances enzyme activity. 24693939 7 77 theme recombinant 1032:1042 arg1 AtGALT29A 1044:1052 The recombinant AtGALT29A 1028:1052 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana 1028:1087 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 2 78 theme post-translational 437:454 arg1 modification 456:467 post-translational modification 437:467 post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway 437:504 Arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. 24693939 12 79 link 6-linked 2147:2154 arg1 residues 2138:2145 galactose residues 2128:2145 galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan 2128:2194 The complex can work cooperatively to enhance the activities of adding galactose residues 6-linked to β-1,6-galactan and to β-1,3-galactan. 24693939 1 80 dep proteoglycans 194:206 arg1 present 208:214 present 208:214 present 208:214 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 80 dep proteoglycans 194:206 arg1 involved 247:254 involved 247:254 involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation 247:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 10 81 theme β-1,6-galactosyltransferase 1901:1927 arg1 activities 1929:1938 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities 1901:1938 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities 1901:1938 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 1 82 theme cell-cell 317:325 arg1 communication 327:339 cell-cell communication 317:339 cell-cell communication 317:339 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 2 83 theme secretory 488:496 arg1 pathway 498:504 the secretory pathway 484:504 the secretory pathway 484:504 Arabinogalactan proteins consist mainly of glycan, which is synthesized by post-translational modification of proteins in the secretory pathway. 24693939 9 84 theme tagged 1578:1583 arg1 AtGALT29A 1585:1593 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A 1561:1593 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana 1561:1621 The fluorescence tagged AtGALT29A expressed in N. benthamiana was localized to Golgi stacks where it interacted with AtGALT31A as indicated by Förster resonance energy transfer. 24693939 8 85 dep possesses 1386:1394 arg1 forming 1476:1482 forming 1476:1482 forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1476:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 8 85 dep possesses 1386:1394 arg1 elongating 1434:1443 elongating 1434:1443 elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains 1434:1470 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 5 86 theme Carbohydrate 907:918 arg1 GT29 941:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29 903:944 The At1g08280 (AtGALT29A) from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a putative glycosyltransferase (GT), which belongs to the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme family GT29. 24693939 10 87 theme enzyme 1758:1763 arg1 complex 1765:1771 the enzyme complex 1754:1771 the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A 1754:1806 Biochemically, the enzyme complex containing AtGALT31A and AtGALT29A could be co-immunoprecipitated and the isolated protein complex exhibited increased level of β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activities compared to AtGALT29A alone. 24693939 3 88 from variations 525:534 arg1 moiety 550:555 the glycan moiety 539:555 the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 539:583 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 11 89 dep CONCLUSIONS 1969:1979 arg1 AtGALT29A 1981:1989 AtGALT29A 1981:1989 AtGALT29A 1981:1989 CONCLUSIONS AtGALT29A is a β-1,6-galactosyltransferase and can interact with AtGALT31A. 24693939 11 89 dep CONCLUSIONS 1969:1979 arg1 β-1,6-galactosyltransferase 1996:2022 a β-1,6-galactosyltransferase 1994:2022 a β-1,6-galactosyltransferase 1994:2022 CONCLUSIONS AtGALT29A is a β-1,6-galactosyltransferase and can interact with AtGALT31A. 24693939 11 89 dep CONCLUSIONS 1969:1979 arg1 interact 2032:2039 interact 2032:2039 can interact with AtGALT31A 2028:2054 CONCLUSIONS AtGALT29A is a β-1,6-galactosyltransferase and can interact with AtGALT31A. 24693939 7 90 attach derived 1219:1225 arg1 proteins 1248:1255 arabinogalactan proteins 1232:1255 arabinogalactan proteins 1232:1255 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 7 90 attach derived 1219:1225 arg2 oligosaccharides 1202:1217 various oligosaccharides 1194:1217 various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins 1194:1255 The recombinant AtGALT29A expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated a galactosyltransferase activity, transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a mixture of various oligosaccharides derived from arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 91 theme interactions 2339:2350 arg1 knowledge 2221:2229 new knowledge 2217:2229 new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins 2217:2286 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 13 91 theme interactions 2339:2350 arg1 significance 2307:2318 the functional significance 2292:2318 the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes 2292:2380 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 24693939 3 92 theme glycan 543:548 arg1 moiety 550:555 the glycan moiety 539:555 the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins 539:583 Importance of the variations in the glycan moiety of arabinogalactan proteins for their functions has been implicated, but its biosynthetic process is poorly understood. 24693939 1 93 theme many 259:262 arg1 communication 327:339 cell-cell communication 317:339 cell-cell communication 317:339 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 93 theme many 259:262 arg1 elongation 350:359 cell elongation 345:359 cell elongation 345:359 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 93 theme many 259:262 arg1 processes 273:281 many cellular processes 259:281 many cellular processes 259:281 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 1 93 theme many 259:262 arg1 embryogenesis 302:314 somatic embryogenesis 294:314 somatic embryogenesis 294:314 BACKGROUND Arabinogalactan proteins are abundant proteoglycans present on cell surfaces of plants and involved in many cellular processes, including somatic embryogenesis, cell-cell communication and cell elongation. 24693939 8 94 theme 6-Gal 1484:1488 arg1 branches 1490:1497 6-Gal branches 1484:1497 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins 1484:1558 The galactose-incorporated products were analyzed using structure-specific hydrolases indicating that the recombinant AtGALT29A possesses β-1,6-galactosyltransferase activity, elongating β-1,6-galactan side chains and forming 6-Gal branches on the β-1,3-galactan main chain of arabinogalactan proteins. 24693939 13 95 theme O-glycosylation 2358:2372 arg1 enzymes 2374:2380 O-glycosylation enzymes 2358:2380 O-glycosylation enzymes 2358:2380 The results provide new knowledge of the glycosylation process of arabinogalactan proteins and the functional significance of protein-protein interactions among O-glycosylation enzymes. 27855917 0 0 theme polysaccharides 92:106 arg1 properties 68:77 the physicochemical properties 48:77 the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 48:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 7 1 theme GF 1188:1189 arg1 WSP 1191:1193 GF WSP 1188:1193 GF WSP 1188:1193 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 7 2 theme food 1096:1099 arg1 ingredients 1101:1111 food ingredients 1096:1111 food ingredients 1096:1111 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 1 3 theme different 166:174 arg1 temperatures 187:198 different extraction temperatures 166:198 different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) 166:222 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 3 theme different 166:174 arg1 121°C 217:221 121°C 217:221 121°C 217:221 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 3 theme different 166:174 arg1 100°C 207:211 100°C 207:211 100°C 207:211 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 0 4 theme bioactive 82:90 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 bioactive polysaccharides 82:106 bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 82:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 4 5 contain contained 682:690 arg2 populations 717:727 two major macromolecular populations 692:727 two major macromolecular populations 692:727 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 4 5 contain contained 682:690 arg1 polysaccharides 666:680 These polysaccharides 660:680 These polysaccharides 660:680 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 7 6 theme ingredients 1101:1111 arg1 WSP 1072:1074 WSP 1072:1074 WSP 1072:1074 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 7 6 theme ingredients 1101:1111 arg1 sources 1085:1091 good sources 1080:1091 good sources of food ingredients 1080:1111 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 1 7 theme extraction 176:185 arg1 temperatures 187:198 different extraction temperatures 166:198 different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) 166:222 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 7 theme extraction 176:185 arg1 121°C 217:221 121°C 217:221 121°C 217:221 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 7 theme extraction 176:185 arg1 100°C 207:211 100°C 207:211 100°C 207:211 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 5 8 from samples 955:961 arg1 similar 967:973 similar 967:973 similar 967:973 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 5 8 from samples 955:961 arg1 degree 928:933 the degree 924:933 the degree of branching in all samples 924:961 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 1 9 theme water 261:265 arg1 polysaccharides 275:289 water soluble polysaccharides 261:289 water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 261:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 0 10 theme Grifola 113:119 arg1 frondosa 121:128 Grifola frondosa 113:128 Grifola frondosa 113:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 0 11 from Effects 0:6 arg1 properties 68:77 the physicochemical properties 48:77 the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 48:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 1 12 theme nitric 410:415 arg1 oxide 417:421 nitric oxide 410:421 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 410:491 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 12 theme nitric 410:415 arg1 NO 424:425 NO 424:425 NO 424:425 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 4 13 theme clear 776:780 arg1 trend 782:786 a clear trend 774:786 a clear trend of reduced molecular weight 774:814 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 1 14 theme soluble 267:273 arg1 polysaccharides 275:289 water soluble polysaccharides 261:289 water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 261:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 15 theme Grifola 339:345 arg1 bodies 370:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 6 16 theme GF 976:977 arg1 WSP 979:981 GF WSP 976:981 GF WSP 976:981 GF WSP possessed NO inhibitory activity, and the strongest was GF121. 27855917 1 17 theme oxide 417:421 arg1 production 428:437 nitric oxide (NO) production 410:437 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 410:491 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 4 18 theme macromolecular 702:715 arg1 populations 717:727 two major macromolecular populations 692:727 two major macromolecular populations 692:727 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 2 19 contain had 520:522 arg2 yield 536:540 the highest yield 524:540 the highest yield 524:540 Results showed that GF121 had the highest yield. 27855917 2 19 contain had 520:522 arg1 GF121 514:518 GF121 514:518 GF121 514:518 Results showed that GF121 had the highest yield. 27855917 1 20 theme polysaccharides 275:289 arg1 properties 247:256 the physicochemical properties 227:256 the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 227:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 21 theme frondosa 347:354 arg1 bodies 370:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 5 22 theme branching 938:946 arg1 similar 967:973 similar 967:973 similar 967:973 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 5 22 theme branching 938:946 arg1 degree 928:933 the degree 924:933 the degree of branching in all samples 924:961 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 1 23 theme temperatures 187:198 arg1 effects 155:161 the effects 151:161 the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 151:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 3 24 contain contained 565:573 arg1 GF70 543:546 GF70 543:546 GF70 543:546 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 3 24 contain contained 565:573 arg2 composition 600:610 a similar monosaccharide composition 575:610 a similar monosaccharide composition 575:610 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 3 24 contain contained 565:573 arg2 glucose 651:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 3 24 contain contained 565:573 arg1 GF121 559:563 GF121 559:563 GF121 559:563 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 3 24 contain contained 565:573 arg1 GF100 549:553 GF100 549:553 GF100 549:553 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 5 25 theme -β-d-glucans 904:915 arg1 -β-d-glucans 904:915 (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 894:915 -β-d-glucans 904:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 5 25 theme -β-d-glucans 904:915 arg1 amount 884:889 the highest amount 872:889 the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 872:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 7 26 theme good 1080:1083 arg1 WSP 1072:1074 WSP 1072:1074 WSP 1072:1074 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 7 26 theme good 1080:1083 arg1 sources 1085:1091 good sources 1080:1091 good sources of food ingredients 1080:1111 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 1 27 theme GF 357:358 arg1 bodies 370:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 7 28 theme WSP 1191:1193 arg1 quality 1177:1183 quality 1177:1183 quality 1177:1183 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 7 28 theme WSP 1191:1193 arg1 quantity 1164:1171 quantity 1164:1171 quantity 1164:1171 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 5 29 from degree 928:933 arg1 samples 955:961 all samples 951:961 all samples 951:961 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 4 30 theme weight 749:754 arg1 population 756:765 the high molecular weight population 730:765 the high molecular weight population 730:765 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 5 31 contain contained 862:870 arg1 GF121 856:860 GF121 856:860 GF121 856:860 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 5 31 contain contained 862:870 arg2 -β-d-glucans 904:915 (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 894:915 -β-d-glucans 904:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 5 31 contain contained 862:870 arg2 amount 884:889 the highest amount 872:889 the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 872:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 4 32 theme molecular 739:747 arg1 weight 749:754 the high molecular weight 730:754 the high molecular weight population 730:765 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 3 33 theme was 647:649 arg1 glucose 651:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 0 34 theme extraction 21:30 arg1 temperatures 32:43 different extraction temperatures 11:43 different extraction temperatures 11:43 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 6 35 contain possessed 983:991 arg2 activity 1007:1014 NO inhibitory activity 993:1014 NO inhibitory activity 993:1014 GF WSP possessed NO inhibitory activity, and the strongest was GF121. 27855917 6 35 contain possessed 983:991 arg1 WSP 979:981 GF WSP 976:981 GF WSP 976:981 GF WSP possessed NO inhibitory activity, and the strongest was GF121. 27855917 0 36 theme different 11:19 arg1 temperatures 32:43 different extraction temperatures 11:43 different extraction temperatures 11:43 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 2 37 theme highest 528:534 arg1 yield 536:540 the highest yield 524:540 the highest yield 524:540 Results showed that GF121 had the highest yield. 27855917 3 38 theme monosaccharide 632:645 arg1 glucose 651:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 4 39 theme major 696:700 arg1 populations 717:727 two major macromolecular populations 692:727 two major macromolecular populations 692:727 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 7 40 theme high 1118:1121 arg1 extraction 1135:1144 high temperature extraction 1118:1144 high temperature extraction 1118:1144 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 1 41 theme fruiting 361:368 arg1 bodies 370:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 4 42 theme extraction 832:841 arg1 temperature 843:853 extraction temperature 832:853 extraction temperature 832:853 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 5 43 theme 1→3 895:897 arg1 -β-d-glucans 904:915 (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 894:915 -β-d-glucans 904:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 0 44 theme temperatures 32:43 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 0:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 7 45 theme temperature 1123:1133 arg1 extraction 1135:1144 high temperature extraction 1118:1144 high temperature extraction 1118:1144 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 1 46 theme lipopolysaccharide-stimulated 442:470 arg1 macrophages 481:491 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 442:491 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 442:491 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 5 47 theme highest 876:882 arg1 -β-d-glucans 904:915 (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 894:915 -β-d-glucans 904:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 5 47 theme highest 876:882 arg1 amount 884:889 the highest amount 872:889 the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 872:915 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 0 48 theme physicochemical 52:66 arg1 properties 68:77 the physicochemical properties 48:77 the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 48:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 1 49 from bodies 370:375 arg1 properties 247:256 the physicochemical properties 227:256 the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 227:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 49 from bodies 370:375 arg1 polysaccharides 275:289 water soluble polysaccharides 261:289 water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 261:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 7 50 dep quantity 1164:1171 arg1 the 1160:1162 the 1160:1162 the 1160:1162 This study concludes that WSP are good sources of food ingredients, and high temperature extraction could improve the quantity and quality of GF WSP. 27855917 0 51 from properties 68:77 arg1 frondosa 121:128 Grifola frondosa 113:128 Grifola frondosa 113:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 1 52 dep temperatures 187:198 arg1 temperatures 187:198 different extraction temperatures 166:198 different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) 166:222 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 52 dep temperatures 187:198 arg1 121°C 217:221 121°C 217:221 121°C 217:221 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 52 dep temperatures 187:198 arg1 100°C 207:211 100°C 207:211 100°C 207:211 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 53 theme RAW264.7 472:479 arg1 macrophages 481:491 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 442:491 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 442:491 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 54 from production 428:437 arg1 macrophages 481:491 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 442:491 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 442:491 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 55 dep WSP 292:294 arg1 GF70 297:300 GF70 297:300 GF70 297:300 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 55 dep WSP 292:294 arg1 GF121 313:317 GF121 313:317 GF121 313:317 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 56 from properties 247:256 arg1 bodies 370:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 339:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 3 57 theme predominant 620:630 arg1 glucose 651:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 the predominant monosaccharide was glucose 616:657 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 1 58 dep polysaccharides 275:289 arg1 WSP 292:294 WSP 292:294 WSP 292:294 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 4 59 theme weight 809:814 arg1 trend 782:786 a clear trend 774:786 a clear trend of reduced molecular weight 774:814 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 0 60 from frondosa 121:128 arg1 properties 68:77 the physicochemical properties 48:77 the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 48:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 0 60 from frondosa 121:128 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 bioactive polysaccharides 82:106 bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa 82:128 Effects of different extraction temperatures on the physicochemical properties of bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa. 27855917 4 61 theme molecular 799:807 arg1 weight 809:814 reduced molecular weight 791:814 reduced molecular weight 791:814 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 4 62 theme high 734:737 arg1 weight 749:754 the high molecular weight 730:754 the high molecular weight population 730:765 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 4 63 theme reduced 791:797 arg1 weight 809:814 reduced molecular weight 791:814 reduced molecular weight 791:814 These polysaccharides contained two major macromolecular populations; the high molecular weight population showed a clear trend of reduced molecular weight with increasing extraction temperature. 27855917 5 64 dep -β-d-glucans 904:915 arg1 1→6 900:902 (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans 894:915 1→6 900:902 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 3 65 theme similar 577:583 arg1 composition 600:610 a similar monosaccharide composition 575:610 a similar monosaccharide composition 575:610 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 5 66 from branching 938:946 arg1 samples 955:961 all samples 951:961 all samples 951:961 GF121 contained the highest amount of (1→3, 1→6)-β-d-glucans, while the degree of branching in all samples was similar. 27855917 1 67 theme physicochemical 231:245 arg1 properties 247:256 the physicochemical properties 227:256 the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 227:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 68 from effects 399:405 arg1 production 428:437 nitric oxide (NO) production 410:437 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 410:491 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 1 69 from effects 155:161 arg1 properties 247:256 the physicochemical properties 227:256 the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies 227:375 This study examined the effects of different extraction temperatures (70°C, 100°C and 121°C) on the physicochemical properties of water soluble polysaccharides (WSP; GF70, GF100 and GF121, respectively) from Grifola frondosa (GF) fruiting bodies, and evaluating their effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 27855917 3 70 theme monosaccharide 585:598 arg1 composition 600:610 a similar monosaccharide composition 575:610 a similar monosaccharide composition 575:610 GF70, GF100 and GF121 contained a similar monosaccharide composition and the predominant monosaccharide was glucose. 27855917 6 71 theme inhibitory 996:1005 arg1 activity 1007:1014 NO inhibitory activity 993:1014 NO inhibitory activity 993:1014 GF WSP possessed NO inhibitory activity, and the strongest was GF121. 24832984 1 0 theme optimum 158:164 arg1 conditions 166:175 the optimum conditions 154:175 the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM) 154:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 7 1 theme composition 1068:1078 arg1 analysis 1080:1087 Chemical composition analysis 1059:1087 Chemical composition analysis 1059:1087 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 0 2 theme antioxidant 87:97 arg1 activity 99:106 its antioxidant activity 83:106 its antioxidant activity 83:106 Polysaccharides extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity. 24832984 7 3 theme galacturonic 1150:1161 arg1 acid 1163:1166 galacturonic acid 1150:1166 galacturonic acid 1150:1166 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 2 4 theme temperature 344:354 arg1 effects 316:322 The quantitative effects 299:322 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields 299:407 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 2 5 from effects 316:322 arg1 yields 402:407 EVP yields 398:407 EVP yields 398:407 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 7 6 theme mean 1211:1214 arg1 weight 1226:1231 the mean molecular weight 1207:1231 the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions 1207:1258 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 3 7 theme pre-column 543:552 arg1 chromatography 593:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 3 8 theme liquid 586:591 arg1 chromatography 593:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 1 9 theme response 263:270 arg1 RSM 293:295 RSM 293:295 RSM 293:295 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 1 9 theme response 263:270 arg1 methodology 280:290 response surface methodology 263:290 response surface methodology (RSM) 263:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 7 10 theme molecular 1216:1224 arg1 weight 1226:1231 the mean molecular weight 1207:1231 the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions 1207:1258 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 0 11 from characterization 62:77 arg1 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity 16:106 Polysaccharides extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity. 24832984 8 12 theme DPPH 1347:1350 arg1 radicals 1352:1359 DPPH radicals 1347:1359 DPPH radicals 1347:1359 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 7 13 theme fractions 1250:1258 arg1 weight 1226:1231 the mean molecular weight 1207:1231 the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions 1207:1258 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 7 14 theme major 1244:1248 arg1 fractions 1250:1258 the two major fractions 1236:1258 the two major fractions 1236:1258 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 1 15 theme surface 272:278 arg1 RSM 293:295 RSM 293:295 RSM 293:295 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 1 15 theme surface 272:278 arg1 methodology 280:290 response surface methodology 263:290 response surface methodology (RSM) 263:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 5 16 theme extracting 854:863 arg1 1.52h 870:874 extracting time 1.52h 854:874 extracting time 1.52h 854:874 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 16 theme extracting 854:863 arg1 conditions 817:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 9 17 theme traditional 1486:1496 arg1 medicine 1498:1505 traditional medicine 1486:1505 traditional medicine 1486:1505 This study provides a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. 24832984 5 18 theme time 865:868 arg1 1.52h 870:874 extracting time 1.52h 854:874 extracting time 1.52h 854:874 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 18 theme time 865:868 arg1 conditions 817:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 3 19 theme high 569:572 arg1 chromatography 593:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 2 20 theme water 373:377 arg1 time 338:341 extraction time 327:341 extraction time 327:341 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 2 20 theme water 373:377 arg1 temperature 344:354 temperature 344:354 temperature 344:354 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 2 20 theme water 373:377 arg1 ratio 364:368 the ratio 360:368 the ratio of water to raw material 360:393 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 2 21 theme raw 382:384 arg1 material 386:393 raw material 382:393 raw material 382:393 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 2 22 theme experimental 445:456 arg1 design 458:463 Box-Behnken experimental design 433:463 Box-Behnken experimental design 433:463 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 3 23 theme performance 574:584 arg1 chromatography 593:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 2 24 theme Box-Behnken 433:443 arg1 design 458:463 Box-Behnken experimental design 433:463 Box-Behnken experimental design 433:463 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 0 25 from variegata 42:50 arg1 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity 16:106 Polysaccharides extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity. 24832984 8 26 contain had 1308:1310 arg1 EVP 1304:1306 EVP 1304:1306 EVP 1304:1306 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 8 26 contain had 1308:1310 arg2 activity 1330:1337 strong scavenging activity 1312:1337 strong scavenging activity 1312:1337 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 1 27 theme crude 192:196 arg1 polysaccharides 198:212 crude polysaccharides 192:212 crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM) 192:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 2 28 theme quantitative 303:314 arg1 effects 316:322 The quantitative effects 299:322 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields 299:407 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 5 29 theme water 926:930 arg1 ratio 917:921 the ratio 913:921 the ratio of water to raw material 913:946 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 29 theme water 926:930 arg1 conditions 817:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 0 30 theme Erythirna 32:40 arg1 variegata 42:50 Erythirna variegata 32:50 Erythirna variegata 32:50 Polysaccharides extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity. 24832984 5 31 theme regression 761:770 arg1 equation 772:779 the regression equation 757:779 the regression equation 757:779 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 8 32 theme total 1391:1395 arg1 activity 1409:1416 total antioxidant activity 1391:1416 total antioxidant activity 1391:1416 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 5 33 theme temperature 888:898 arg1 conditions 817:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 33 theme temperature 888:898 arg1 91.40°C 900:906 extraction temperature 91.40°C 877:906 extraction temperature 91.40°C 877:906 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 3 34 theme molecular 617:625 arg1 weight 627:632 the molecular weight 613:632 the molecular weight 613:632 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 8 35 theme potential 1362:1370 arg1 power 1381:1385 potential reducing power 1362:1385 potential reducing power 1362:1385 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 0 36 from activity 99:106 arg1 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity 16:106 Polysaccharides extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity. 24832984 3 37 theme 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone 513:541 arg1 chromatography 593:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 9 38 theme scientific 1441:1450 arg1 basis 1452:1456 a scientific basis 1439:1456 a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine 1439:1505 This study provides a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. 24832984 9 38 theme scientific 1441:1450 arg1 antioxidant 1513:1523 an antioxidant 1510:1523 an antioxidant 1510:1523 This study provides a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. 24832984 2 39 theme EVP 398:400 arg1 yields 402:407 EVP yields 398:407 EVP yields 398:407 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 2 40 theme time 338:341 arg1 effects 316:322 The quantitative effects 299:322 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields 299:407 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 9 41 theme herb 1478:1481 arg1 use 1466:1468 the use 1462:1468 the use of this herb in traditional medicine 1462:1505 This study provides a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. 24832984 8 42 theme scavenging 1319:1328 arg1 activity 1330:1337 strong scavenging activity 1312:1337 strong scavenging activity 1312:1337 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 4 43 theme antioxidant 702:712 arg1 activities 714:723 The antioxidant activities 698:723 The antioxidant activities 698:723 The antioxidant activities were also evaluated. 24832984 6 44 theme experiment 986:995 arg1 yield 997:1001 the experiment yield 982:1001 the experiment yield 982:1001 Under these conditions, the experiment yield was 2.064%, which well agreed with the predicted value. 24832984 6 44 theme experiment 986:995 arg1 % 1012:1012 2.064% 1007:1012 2.064% 1007:1012 Under these conditions, the experiment yield was 2.064%, which well agreed with the predicted value. 24832984 8 45 theme antioxidant 1397:1407 arg1 activity 1409:1416 total antioxidant activity 1391:1416 total antioxidant activity 1391:1416 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 1 46 from bark 223:226 arg1 polysaccharides 198:212 crude polysaccharides 192:212 crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM) 192:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 5 47 theme extraction 877:886 arg1 conditions 817:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 47 theme extraction 877:886 arg1 91.40°C 900:906 extraction temperature 91.40°C 877:906 extraction temperature 91.40°C 877:906 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 8 48 theme reducing 1372:1379 arg1 power 1381:1385 potential reducing power 1362:1385 potential reducing power 1362:1385 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 8 49 theme strong 1312:1317 arg1 activity 1330:1337 strong scavenging activity 1312:1337 strong scavenging activity 1312:1337 EVP had strong scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, potential reducing power and total antioxidant activity. 24832984 0 50 theme chemical 53:60 arg1 characterization 62:77 chemical characterization 53:77 chemical characterization 53:77 Polysaccharides extraction from Erythirna variegata, chemical characterization and its antioxidant activity. 24832984 3 51 theme monosaccharide 470:483 arg1 composition 485:495 The monosaccharide composition 466:495 The monosaccharide composition 466:495 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 1 52 theme study 131:135 arg1 objective 113:121 The objective 109:121 The objective of this study 109:135 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 3 53 theme gel 667:669 arg1 chromatography 682:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 6 54 theme predicted 1042:1050 arg1 value 1052:1056 the predicted value 1038:1056 the predicted value 1038:1056 Under these conditions, the experiment yield was 2.064%, which well agreed with the predicted value. 24832984 2 55 theme extraction 327:336 arg1 time 338:341 extraction time 327:341 extraction time 327:341 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 1 56 theme Erythirna 231:239 arg1 EVP 252:254 EVP 252:254 EVP 252:254 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 1 56 theme Erythirna 231:239 arg1 variegata 241:249 Erythirna variegata 231:249 Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM) 231:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 7 57 theme Chemical 1059:1066 arg1 analysis 1080:1087 Chemical composition analysis 1059:1087 Chemical composition analysis 1059:1087 Chemical composition analysis indicated that EVP was mainly composed of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the mean molecular weight of the two major fractions was about 26.8kDa and 5.5kDa, respectively. 24832984 3 58 theme permeation 671:680 arg1 chromatography 682:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 5 59 theme raw 935:937 arg1 material 939:946 raw material 935:946 raw material 935:946 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 1 60 theme variegata 241:249 arg1 bark 223:226 the bark 219:226 the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM) 219:296 The objective of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for extracting crude polysaccharides from the bark of Erythirna variegata (EVP) using response surface methodology (RSM). 24832984 5 61 theme optimum 809:815 arg1 91.40°C 900:906 extraction temperature 91.40°C 877:906 extraction temperature 91.40°C 877:906 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 61 theme optimum 809:815 arg1 conditions 817:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 the optimum conditions 805:826 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 61 theme optimum 809:815 arg1 ratio 917:921 the ratio 913:921 the ratio of water to raw material 913:946 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 61 theme optimum 809:815 arg1 follows 845:851 follows 845:851 follows 845:851 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 5 61 theme optimum 809:815 arg1 1.52h 870:874 extracting time 1.52h 854:874 extracting time 1.52h 854:874 By solving the regression equation and analyzing the data, the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: extracting time 1.52h, extraction temperature 91.40°C, and the ratio of water to raw material at 24.78. 24832984 3 62 theme high 650:653 arg1 chromatography 682:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 9 63 from use 1466:1468 arg1 medicine 1498:1505 traditional medicine 1486:1505 traditional medicine 1486:1505 This study provides a scientific basis for the use of this herb in traditional medicine as an antioxidant. 24832984 2 64 theme ratio 364:368 arg1 effects 316:322 The quantitative effects 299:322 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields 299:407 The quantitative effects of extraction time, temperature and the ratio of water to raw material on EVP yields were investigated using Box-Behnken experimental design. 24832984 3 65 theme performance 655:665 arg1 chromatography 682:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 high performance gel permeation chromatography 650:695 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24832984 3 66 theme derivatization 554:567 arg1 chromatography 593:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography 513:606 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by 1-phenyl-3-methy-5-pyrazolone pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography, and the molecular weight was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 24518314 1 0 theme proanthocyanidic 162:177 arg1 composition 215:225 the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition 158:225 composition 215:225 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 4 1 theme principal 614:622 arg1 PCA 644:646 PCA 644:646 PCA 644:646 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 4 1 theme principal 614:622 arg1 analysis 634:641 principal component analysis 614:641 principal component analysis (PCA) results 614:655 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 4 2 theme MLR 827:829 arg1 model 831:835 the final fitted MLR model 810:835 the final fitted MLR model 810:835 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 0 3 theme relationship 96:107 arg1 polysaccharide 14:27 polysaccharide 14:27 polysaccharide 14:27 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 0 3 theme relationship 96:107 arg1 composition 49:59 oligosaccharide composition 33:59 oligosaccharide composition 33:59 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 0 3 theme relationship 96:107 arg1 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 6 4 theme galactose 1056:1064 arg1 residues 1066:1073 Mannose and galactose residues 1044:1073 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction 1044:1105 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 24518314 0 5 with wines 80:84 arg1 astringency 128:138 the perceived astringency 114:138 the perceived astringency 114:138 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 5 6 theme carbohydrates 988:1000 arg1 size 980:983 size 980:983 size 980:983 Oligosaccharides did not show a clear opposition, revealing that structure and size of carbohydrates are important for astringency perception. 24518314 5 6 theme carbohydrates 988:1000 arg1 structure 966:974 structure 966:974 structure 966:974 Oligosaccharides did not show a clear opposition, revealing that structure and size of carbohydrates are important for astringency perception. 24518314 0 7 theme perceived 118:126 arg1 astringency 128:138 the perceived astringency 114:138 the perceived astringency 114:138 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 4 8 theme clear 558:562 arg1 opposition 564:573 clear opposition 558:573 clear opposition to astringency perception 558:599 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 6 9 from residues 1066:1073 arg1 fraction 1098:1105 the oligosaccharide fraction 1078:1105 the oligosaccharide fraction 1078:1105 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 24518314 6 10 theme astringency 1133:1143 arg1 perception 1145:1154 astringency perception 1133:1154 astringency perception 1133:1154 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 24518314 4 11 from Arabinose 759:767 arg1 Rich 751:754 Rich 751:754 Rich 751:754 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 1 12 theme polysaccharide 180:193 arg1 composition 215:225 the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition 158:225 composition 215:225 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 3 13 theme subunit 428:434 arg1 distribution 436:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution 411:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution 411:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 4 14 theme astringency 578:588 arg1 perception 590:599 astringency perception 578:599 astringency perception 578:599 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 6 15 theme degradation 1209:1219 arg1 consequence 1190:1200 consequence 1190:1200 consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides 1190:1238 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 24518314 3 16 theme Proanthocyanidic 411:426 arg1 distribution 436:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution 411:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution 411:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 1 17 from influence 145:153 arg1 perception 242:251 astringency perception 230:251 astringency perception of Tempranillo wines 230:272 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 4 18 theme fitted 820:825 arg1 model 831:835 the final fitted MLR model 810:835 the final fitted MLR model 810:835 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 4 19 from Rich 751:754 arg1 Arabinose 759:767 Arabinose 759:767 Arabinose 759:767 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 1 20 theme oligosaccharide 199:213 arg1 composition 215:225 the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition 158:225 composition 215:225 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 2 21 theme chemical 363:370 arg1 composition 372:382 chemical composition 363:382 chemical composition 363:382 Statistical analyses revealed the existence of relationships between chemical composition and perceived astringency. 24518314 1 22 theme composition 215:225 arg1 influence 145:153 The influence 141:153 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines 141:272 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 4 23 theme final 814:818 arg1 model 831:835 the final fitted MLR model 810:835 the final fitted MLR model 810:835 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 0 24 with relationship 96:107 arg1 astringency 128:138 the perceived astringency 114:138 the perceived astringency 114:138 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 3 25 theme strongest 457:465 arg1 contribution 467:478 the strongest contribution 453:478 the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 453:524 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 4 26 theme Polysaccharide 527:540 arg1 families 542:549 Polysaccharide families 527:549 Polysaccharide families 527:549 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 2 27 theme relationships 341:353 arg1 existence 328:336 the existence 324:336 the existence of relationships between chemical composition and perceived astringency 324:408 Statistical analyses revealed the existence of relationships between chemical composition and perceived astringency. 24518314 1 28 theme astringency 230:240 arg1 perception 242:251 astringency perception 230:251 astringency perception of Tempranillo wines 230:272 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 3 29 theme linear 496:501 arg1 model 520:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 3 30 theme MLR 515:517 arg1 model 520:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 5 31 theme clear 933:937 arg1 opposition 939:948 a clear opposition 931:948 a clear opposition 931:948 Oligosaccharides did not show a clear opposition, revealing that structure and size of carbohydrates are important for astringency perception. 24518314 0 32 theme oligosaccharide 33:47 arg1 composition 49:59 oligosaccharide composition 33:59 oligosaccharide composition 33:59 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 0 32 theme oligosaccharide 33:47 arg1 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 4 33 theme analysis 634:641 arg1 results 649:655 principal component analysis (PCA) results 614:655 principal component analysis (PCA) results 614:655 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 3 34 theme regression 503:512 arg1 model 520:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 0 35 theme Tempranillo 64:74 arg1 wines 80:84 Tempranillo red wines 64:84 Tempranillo red wines 64:84 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 4 36 theme component 624:632 arg1 PCA 644:646 PCA 644:646 PCA 644:646 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 4 36 theme component 624:632 arg1 analysis 634:641 principal component analysis 614:641 principal component analysis (PCA) results 614:655 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 6 37 theme Mannose 1044:1050 arg1 residues 1066:1073 Mannose and galactose residues 1044:1073 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction 1044:1105 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 24518314 6 38 theme polysaccharides 1224:1238 arg1 degradation 1209:1219 the degradation 1205:1219 the degradation of polysaccharides 1205:1238 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 24518314 3 39 theme multiple 487:494 arg1 model 520:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 483:524 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 3 40 contain had 449:451 arg1 distribution 436:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution 411:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution 411:447 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 3 40 contain had 449:451 arg2 contribution 467:478 the strongest contribution 453:478 the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model 453:524 Proanthocyanidic subunit distribution had the strongest contribution to the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. 24518314 2 41 theme perceived 388:396 arg1 astringency 398:408 perceived astringency 388:408 perceived astringency 388:408 Statistical analyses revealed the existence of relationships between chemical composition and perceived astringency. 24518314 1 42 theme Tempranillo 256:266 arg1 wines 268:272 Tempranillo wines 256:272 Tempranillo wines 256:272 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 2 43 theme Statistical 294:304 arg1 analyses 306:313 Statistical analyses 294:313 Statistical analyses 294:313 Statistical analyses revealed the existence of relationships between chemical composition and perceived astringency. 24518314 4 44 theme Galactose 773:781 arg1 PRAGs 784:788 Galactose (PRAGs) 773:789 Galactose (PRAGs) 773:789 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 1 45 theme wines 268:272 arg1 perception 242:251 astringency perception 230:251 astringency perception of Tempranillo wines 230:272 The influence of the proanthocyanidic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition on astringency perception of Tempranillo wines has been evaluated. 24518314 0 46 theme wines 80:84 arg1 polysaccharide 14:27 polysaccharide 14:27 polysaccharide 14:27 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 0 46 theme wines 80:84 arg1 composition 49:59 oligosaccharide composition 33:59 oligosaccharide composition 33:59 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 0 46 theme wines 80:84 arg1 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic 0:11 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 4 47 theme variability 867:877 arg1 % 858:858 96.8% 854:858 96.8% of the variability observed in the data 854:898 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 4 47 theme variability 867:877 arg1 variability 867:877 the variability 863:877 the variability observed in the data 863:898 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 5 48 theme astringency 1020:1030 arg1 perception 1032:1041 astringency perception 1020:1041 astringency perception 1020:1041 Oligosaccharides did not show a clear opposition, revealing that structure and size of carbohydrates are important for astringency perception. 24518314 4 49 theme Rich 751:754 arg1 mannoproteins 677:689 mannoproteins 677:689 mannoproteins 677:689 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 0 50 theme red 76:78 arg1 wines 80:84 Tempranillo red wines 64:84 Tempranillo red wines 64:84 Polyphenolic, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide composition of Tempranillo red wines and their relationship with the perceived astringency. 24518314 4 51 located observed 879:886 arg2 variability 867:877 the variability 863:877 the variability observed in the data 863:898 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 4 51 located observed 879:886 arg1 data 895:898 the data 891:898 the data 891:898 Polysaccharide families showed clear opposition to astringency perception according to principal component analysis (PCA) results, being stronger for mannoproteins and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), but only Polysaccharides Rich in Arabinose and Galactose (PRAGs) were considered in the final fitted MLR model, which explained 96.8% of the variability observed in the data. 24518314 6 52 theme oligosaccharide 1082:1096 arg1 fraction 1098:1105 the oligosaccharide fraction 1078:1105 the oligosaccharide fraction 1078:1105 Mannose and galactose residues in the oligosaccharide fraction are positively related to astringency perception, probably because its presence is consequence of the degradation of polysaccharides. 27759105 0 0 theme lignin 90:95 arg1 visualization 44:56 visualization 44:56 visualization 44:56 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 0 0 theme lignin 90:95 arg1 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 4 1 theme confocal 753:760 arg1 microscopy 777:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 3 2 theme binding 558:564 arg1 affinities 566:575 unique binding affinities 551:575 unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils 551:639 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 2 3 from detection 358:366 arg1 matrices 440:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 1 4 theme bio-based 176:184 arg1 feedstock 186:194 the bio-based feedstock 172:194 the bio-based feedstock 172:194 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. 27759105 5 5 theme degradation 1044:1054 arg1 monitoring 1010:1019 real-time monitoring 1000:1019 real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation 1000:1054 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 0 6 theme luminescent 100:110 arg1 oligothiophenes 112:126 luminescent oligothiophenes 100:126 luminescent oligothiophenes 100:126 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 4 7 theme structural 838:847 arg1 complexities 867:878 the structural and compositional complexities 834:878 the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass 834:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 4 8 theme spectrofluorometric 708:726 arg1 methods 728:734 spectrofluorometric methods 708:734 spectrofluorometric methods 708:734 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 4 9 theme biomass 906:912 arg1 complexities 867:878 the structural and compositional complexities 834:878 the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass 834:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 6 10 from lignin 1197:1202 arg1 matrices 1223:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 4 11 theme scanning 768:775 arg1 microscopy 777:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 2 12 dep non-destructive 335:349 arg1 rapid 352:356 rapid 352:356 rapid 352:356 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 2 13 theme quality 372:378 arg1 assessment 380:389 quality assessment 372:389 quality assessment 372:389 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 6 14 theme complex 1207:1213 arg1 matrices 1223:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 4 15 dep sensitive 793:801 arg1 simultaneous 804:815 simultaneous 804:815 simultaneous 804:815 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 2 16 theme oligothiophenes 308:322 arg1 feasibility 270:280 the feasibility 266:280 the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices 266:447 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 3 17 theme oligothiophene 472:485 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 17 theme oligothiophene 472:485 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 1 18 theme feedstock 186:194 arg1 use 165:167 efficient use 155:167 efficient use of the bio-based feedstock 155:194 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. 27759105 5 19 theme real-time 1000:1008 arg1 monitoring 1010:1019 real-time monitoring 1000:1019 real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation 1000:1054 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 6 20 from determination 1151:1163 arg1 matrices 1223:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 2 21 theme conjugated 297:306 arg1 LCOs 325:328 LCOs 325:328 LCOs 325:328 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 2 21 theme conjugated 297:306 arg1 oligothiophenes 308:322 luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes 285:322 luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) 285:329 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 2 22 theme biomass 432:438 arg1 matrices 440:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 6 23 theme biomass-converting 1271:1288 arg1 technologies 1290:1301 biomass-converting technologies 1271:1301 biomass-converting technologies 1271:1301 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 6 24 theme lignin 1197:1202 arg1 determination 1151:1163 the determination 1147:1163 the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices 1147:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 2 25 from assessment 380:389 arg1 matrices 440:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 3 26 theme cellulose 619:627 arg1 nanofibrils 629:639 cellulose nanofibrils 619:639 cellulose nanofibrils 619:639 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 6 27 theme hemicellulose 1179:1191 arg1 determination 1151:1163 the determination 1147:1163 the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices 1147:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 2 28 theme complex 424:430 arg1 matrices 440:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 complex biomass matrices 424:447 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 0 29 theme Nondestructive 0:13 arg1 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 6 30 from cellulose 1168:1176 arg1 matrices 1223:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 2 31 theme non-destructive 335:349 arg1 detection 358:366 detection 358:366 detection 358:366 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 3 32 theme denoted 487:493 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 32 theme denoted 487:493 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 5 33 theme cellulose 1034:1042 arg1 degradation 1044:1054 enzymatic cellulose degradation 1024:1054 enzymatic cellulose degradation 1024:1054 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 6 34 from hemicellulose 1179:1191 arg1 matrices 1223:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 3 35 theme thiophene 521:529 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 35 theme thiophene 521:529 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 4 36 theme native 883:888 arg1 biomass 906:912 native lignocellulosic biomass 883:912 native lignocellulosic biomass 883:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 4 37 theme compositional 853:865 arg1 complexities 867:878 the structural and compositional complexities 834:878 the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass 834:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 4 38 theme laser 762:766 arg1 microscopy 777:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 3 39 theme ethyl 531:535 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 39 theme ethyl 531:535 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 40 theme cationic 452:459 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 40 theme cationic 452:459 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 41 theme pentamer 503:510 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 41 theme pentamer 503:510 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 42 theme pentameric 461:470 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 42 theme pentameric 461:470 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 6 43 theme p-HTEA 1110:1115 arg1 use 1103:1105 the use 1099:1105 the use of p-HTEA 1099:1115 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 6 43 theme p-HTEA 1110:1115 arg1 tool 1138:1141 a non-destructive tool 1120:1141 a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices 1120:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 3 44 theme liquid 653:658 arg1 form 670:673 crystal, liquid and paper form 644:673 crystal, liquid and paper form 644:673 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 1 45 theme oil-based 230:238 arg1 products 240:247 oil-based products 230:247 oil-based products 230:247 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. 27759105 0 46 theme cellulose 61:69 arg1 visualization 44:56 visualization 44:56 visualization 44:56 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 0 46 theme cellulose 61:69 arg1 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 5 47 theme dynamic 981:987 arg1 p-HTEA 948:953 p-HTEA 948:953 p-HTEA 948:953 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 5 47 theme dynamic 981:987 arg1 sensor 989:994 a dynamic sensor 979:994 a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation 979:1054 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 5 48 theme exceptional 920:930 arg1 photostability 932:945 exceptional photostability 920:945 exceptional photostability 920:945 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 6 49 theme biomass 1215:1221 arg1 matrices 1223:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 complex biomass matrices 1207:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 1 50 theme Enabling 129:136 arg1 technologies 138:149 Enabling technologies 129:149 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock 129:194 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. 27759105 3 51 theme crystal 644:650 arg1 form 670:673 crystal, liquid and paper form 644:673 crystal, liquid and paper form 644:673 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 52 theme unique 551:556 arg1 affinities 566:575 unique binding affinities 551:575 unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils 551:639 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 53 theme paper 664:668 arg1 form 670:673 crystal, liquid and paper form 644:673 crystal, liquid and paper form 644:673 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 2 54 theme luminescent 285:295 arg1 LCOs 325:328 LCOs 325:328 LCOs 325:328 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 2 54 theme luminescent 285:295 arg1 oligothiophenes 308:322 luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes 285:322 luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) 285:329 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 4 55 theme fluorescence 740:751 arg1 microscopy 777:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy 740:786 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 4 56 theme sensitive 793:801 arg1 determination 817:829 sensitive, simultaneous determination 793:829 sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass 793:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 1 57 theme products 240:247 arg1 replacement 215:225 the replacement 211:225 the replacement of oil-based products 211:247 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. 27759105 6 58 theme technologies 1290:1301 arg1 optimization 1255:1266 the optimization 1251:1266 the optimization of biomass-converting technologies 1251:1301 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 4 59 theme complexities 867:878 arg1 determination 817:829 sensitive, simultaneous determination 793:829 sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass 793:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 1 60 theme efficient 155:163 arg1 use 165:167 efficient use 155:167 efficient use of the bio-based feedstock 155:194 Enabling technologies for efficient use of the bio-based feedstock are crucial to the replacement of oil-based products. 27759105 5 61 theme enzymatic 1024:1032 arg1 degradation 1044:1054 enzymatic cellulose degradation 1024:1054 enzymatic cellulose degradation 1024:1054 With exceptional photostability, p-HTEA is also demonstrated as a dynamic sensor for real-time monitoring of enzymatic cellulose degradation in cellulolysis. 27759105 0 62 theme hemicellulose 72:84 arg1 visualization 44:56 visualization 44:56 visualization 44:56 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 0 62 theme hemicellulose 72:84 arg1 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 determination 26:38 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 3 63 theme hydrogen 512:519 arg1 p-HTEA 495:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA 450:500 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) 450:542 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 3 63 theme hydrogen 512:519 arg1 amine 537:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine 503:541 A cationic pentameric oligothiophene denoted p-HTEA (pentamer hydrogen thiophene ethyl amine) showed unique binding affinities to cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose nanofibrils in crystal, liquid and paper form. 27759105 4 64 theme lignocellulosic 890:904 arg1 biomass 906:912 native lignocellulosic biomass 883:912 native lignocellulosic biomass 883:912 We exploited this finding using spectrofluorometric methods and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy, for sensitive, simultaneous determination of the structural and compositional complexities of native lignocellulosic biomass. 27759105 6 65 theme cellulose 1168:1176 arg1 determination 1151:1163 the determination 1147:1163 the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices 1147:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 2 66 theme components 410:419 arg1 detection 358:366 detection 358:366 detection 358:366 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 2 66 theme components 410:419 arg1 assessment 380:389 quality assessment 372:389 quality assessment 372:389 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 27759105 6 67 theme non-destructive 1122:1136 arg1 use 1103:1105 the use 1099:1105 the use of p-HTEA 1099:1115 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 6 67 theme non-destructive 1122:1136 arg1 tool 1138:1141 a non-destructive tool 1120:1141 a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices 1120:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 0 68 dep Nondestructive 0:13 arg1 real-time 16:24 real-time 16:24 real-time 16:24 Nondestructive, real-time determination and visualization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin by luminescent oligothiophenes. 27759105 6 69 from matrices 1223:1230 arg1 determination 1151:1163 the determination 1147:1163 the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices 1147:1230 These results demonstrate the use of p-HTEA as a non-destructive tool for the determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in complex biomass matrices, thereby aiding in the optimization of biomass-converting technologies. 27759105 2 70 theme lignocellulosic 394:408 arg1 components 410:419 lignocellulosic components 394:419 lignocellulosic components 394:419 We investigated the feasibility of luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) for non-destructive, rapid detection and quality assessment of lignocellulosic components in complex biomass matrices. 28359260 4 0 theme regulated 994:1002 arg1 process 1004:1010 a developmentally regulated process 976:1010 a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype 976:1033 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 0 theme regulated 994:1002 arg1 adhesion 915:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 8 1 theme cotton 1539:1544 arg1 fibres 1546:1551 cotton fibres 1539:1551 cotton fibres 1539:1551 CONCLUSIONS The CFML of cotton fibres is re-structured during the transition phase. 28359260 6 2 theme cell 1237:1240 arg1 bulges 1247:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 2 theme cell 1237:1240 arg1 feature 1260:1266 a feature 1258:1266 a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1258:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 3 theme cell 1380:1383 arg1 deposition 1390:1399 secondary cell wall deposition 1370:1399 secondary cell wall deposition 1370:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 1 4 theme maturation 233:242 arg1 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 4 theme maturation 233:242 arg1 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 4 theme maturation 233:242 arg1 length 201:206 fibre length 195:206 fibre length 195:206 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 7 5 from bulges 1442:1447 arg1 abundant 1416:1423 abundant 1416:1423 abundant 1416:1423 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 6 6 theme Conspicuous 1218:1228 arg1 bulges 1247:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 6 theme Conspicuous 1218:1228 arg1 feature 1260:1266 a feature 1258:1266 a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1258:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 7 7 from abundant 1416:1423 arg1 bulges 1442:1447 the cell wall bulges 1428:1447 the cell wall bulges 1428:1447 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 3 8 theme compositional 682:694 arg1 analysis 696:703 a structural and compositional analysis 665:703 a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML 665:715 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 1 9 theme quality 172:178 arg1 traits 180:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits 148:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation 148:242 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 9 theme quality 172:178 arg1 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 9 theme quality 172:178 arg1 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 9 theme quality 172:178 arg1 length 201:206 fibre length 195:206 fibre length 195:206 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 9 10 theme Paired 1599:1604 arg1 bulges 1616:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 4 11 theme RESULTS 889:895 arg1 adhesion 915:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 11 theme RESULTS 889:895 arg1 process 1004:1010 a developmentally regulated process 976:1010 a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype 976:1033 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 3 12 theme CFML 712:715 arg1 analysis 696:703 a structural and compositional analysis 665:703 a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML 665:715 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 6 13 theme CFML 1275:1278 arg1 bulges 1247:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 13 theme CFML 1275:1278 arg1 feature 1260:1266 a feature 1258:1266 a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1258:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 1 14 theme fibre 195:199 arg1 length 201:206 fibre length 195:206 fibre length 195:206 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 4 15 theme fibre 904:908 arg1 adhesion 915:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 15 theme fibre 904:908 arg1 process 1004:1010 a developmentally regulated process 976:1010 a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype 976:1033 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 0 16 theme distinct 122:129 arg1 qualities 137:145 distinct fibre qualities 122:145 distinct fibre qualities 122:145 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 1 17 theme secondary 376:384 arg1 construction 396:407 secondary cell wall construction 376:407 secondary cell wall construction 376:407 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 18 theme wall 391:394 arg1 construction 396:407 secondary cell wall construction 376:407 secondary cell wall construction 376:407 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 0 19 from detachment 93:102 arg1 cultivars 107:115 cultivars 107:115 cultivars with distinct fibre qualities 107:145 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 6 20 theme paired 1230:1235 arg1 bulges 1247:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 20 theme paired 1230:1235 arg1 feature 1260:1266 a feature 1258:1266 a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1258:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 1 21 dep determined 248:257 arg1 transition 362:371 transition 362:371 transition to secondary cell wall construction 362:407 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 21 dep determined 248:257 arg1 elongation 350:359 cell elongation 345:359 cell elongation 345:359 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 21 dep determined 248:257 arg1 deposition 423:432 cellulose deposition 413:432 cellulose deposition 413:432 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 4 22 theme cotton 937:942 arg1 CFML 966:969 CFML 966:969 CFML 966:969 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 22 theme cotton 937:942 arg1 lamella 957:963 the cotton fibre middle lamella 933:963 the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) 933:970 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 0 23 with cultivars 107:115 arg1 qualities 137:145 distinct fibre qualities 122:145 distinct fibre qualities 122:145 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 3 24 theme different 759:767 arg1 properties 775:784 different fibre properties 759:784 different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 759:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 9 25 from xyloglucan 1632:1641 arg1 rich 1624:1627 rich 1624:1627 rich 1624:1627 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 4 26 theme middle 950:955 arg1 CFML 966:969 CFML 966:969 CFML 966:969 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 26 theme middle 950:955 arg1 lamella 957:963 the cotton fibre middle lamella 933:963 the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) 933:970 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 3 27 theme commercial 804:813 arg1 barbadense 847:856 barbadense 847:856 barbadense 847:856 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 27 theme commercial 804:813 arg1 herbaceum 862:870 herbaceum 862:870 herbaceum 862:870 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 27 theme commercial 804:813 arg1 arboreum 879:886 arboreum 879:886 arboreum 879:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 27 theme commercial 804:813 arg1 Gossypium 824:832 Gossypium 824:832 Gossypium 824:832 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 27 theme commercial 804:813 arg1 species 815:821 four commercial species 799:821 four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 799:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 0 28 theme cell 70:73 arg1 adhesion 75:82 cell adhesion 70:82 cell adhesion 70:82 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 1 29 theme fibre 326:330 arg1 development 332:342 cotton fibre development 319:342 cotton fibre development 319:342 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 30 theme Cotton 159:164 arg1 traits 180:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits 148:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation 148:242 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 30 theme Cotton 159:164 arg1 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 30 theme Cotton 159:164 arg1 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 30 theme Cotton 159:164 arg1 length 201:206 fibre length 195:206 fibre length 195:206 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 9 31 from rich 1624:1627 arg1 xyloglucan 1632:1641 xyloglucan 1632:1641 xyloglucan 1632:1641 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 2 32 theme cell 495:498 arg1 adhesion 500:507 cell adhesion 495:507 cell adhesion 495:507 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 6 33 theme hirsutum 1290:1297 arg1 cultivars 1299:1307 two G. hirsutum cultivars 1283:1307 two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1283:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 3 34 with cultivars 744:752 arg1 properties 775:784 different fibre properties 759:784 different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 759:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 7 35 theme pectic 1469:1474 arg1 arabinan 1476:1483 pectic arabinan 1469:1483 pectic arabinan 1469:1483 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 9 36 theme hirsutum 1685:1692 arg1 cultivars 1694:1702 the G. hirsutum cultivars 1678:1702 the G. hirsutum cultivars 1678:1702 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 8 37 dep CONCLUSIONS 1515:1525 arg1 re-structured 1556:1568 re-structured 1556:1568 is re-structured during the transition phase 1553:1596 CONCLUSIONS The CFML of cotton fibres is re-structured during the transition phase. 28359260 6 38 theme detachment 1343:1352 arg1 onset 1318:1322 the onset 1314:1322 the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1314:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 0 39 theme Developmental 0:12 arg1 features 14:21 Developmental features 0:21 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 0:146 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 5 40 theme fibre-producing 1128:1142 arg1 species 1151:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species 1119:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 1119:1215 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 1 41 theme cellulose 413:421 arg1 deposition 423:432 cellulose deposition 413:432 cellulose deposition 413:432 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 41 theme cellulose 413:421 arg1 elongation 350:359 cell elongation 345:359 cell elongation 345:359 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 9 42 from cultivars 1694:1702 arg1 evident 1667:1673 evident 1667:1673 evident 1667:1673 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 9 43 theme other 1712:1716 arg1 species 1725:1731 other cotton species 1712:1731 other cotton species 1712:1731 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 9 44 theme G. 1682:1683 arg1 cultivars 1694:1702 the G. hirsutum cultivars 1678:1702 the G. hirsutum cultivars 1678:1702 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 6 45 theme wall 1338:1341 arg1 detachment 1343:1352 fibre cell wall detachment 1327:1352 fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1327:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 0 46 theme fibre 33:37 arg1 lamellae 46:53 cotton fibre middle lamellae 26:53 cotton fibre middle lamellae 26:53 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 2 47 theme adhesion 500:507 arg1 processes 524:532 both cell adhesion and detachment processes 490:532 both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development 490:567 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 48 theme fibre 447:451 arg1 CFML 469:472 CFML 469:472 CFML 469:472 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 48 theme fibre 447:451 arg1 crucial 478:484 crucial 478:484 crucial 478:484 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 48 theme fibre 447:451 arg1 lamella 460:466 The cotton fibre middle lamella 436:466 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) 436:473 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 0 49 theme lamellae 46:53 arg1 features 14:21 Developmental features 0:21 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 0:146 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 1 50 theme sequential 298:307 arg1 phases 309:314 the sequential phases 294:314 the sequential phases of cotton fibre development 294:342 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 7 51 theme cell 1432:1435 arg1 bulges 1442:1447 the cell wall bulges 1428:1447 the cell wall bulges 1428:1447 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 7 52 from regions 1506:1512 arg1 absent 1488:1493 absent 1488:1493 absent 1488:1493 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 3 53 theme cotton 642:647 arg1 fibres 649:654 cotton fibres 642:654 cotton fibres 642:654 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 5 54 from homogalacturonan 1074:1089 arg1 species 1151:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species 1119:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 1119:1215 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 6 55 theme wall 1242:1245 arg1 bulges 1247:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges 1218:1252 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 55 theme wall 1242:1245 arg1 feature 1260:1266 a feature 1258:1266 a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1258:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 56 theme wall 1385:1388 arg1 deposition 1390:1399 secondary cell wall deposition 1370:1399 secondary cell wall deposition 1370:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 9 57 from species 1725:1731 arg1 evident 1667:1673 evident 1667:1673 evident 1667:1673 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 5 58 from arabinan 1107:1114 arg1 species 1151:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species 1119:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 1119:1215 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 6 59 theme secondary 1370:1378 arg1 deposition 1390:1399 secondary cell wall deposition 1370:1399 secondary cell wall deposition 1370:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 8 60 theme fibres 1546:1551 arg1 CFML 1531:1534 The CFML 1527:1534 The CFML of cotton fibres 1527:1551 CONCLUSIONS The CFML of cotton fibres is re-structured during the transition phase. 28359260 1 61 theme fibre 166:170 arg1 traits 180:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits 148:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation 148:242 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 61 theme fibre 166:170 arg1 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 61 theme fibre 166:170 arg1 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 61 theme fibre 166:170 arg1 length 201:206 fibre length 195:206 fibre length 195:206 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 6 62 theme fibre 1327:1331 arg1 detachment 1343:1352 fibre cell wall detachment 1327:1352 fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1327:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 9 63 theme cell 1606:1609 arg1 bulges 1616:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 9 64 from evident 1667:1673 arg1 species 1725:1731 other cotton species 1712:1731 other cotton species 1712:1731 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 9 64 from evident 1667:1673 arg1 cultivars 1694:1702 the G. hirsutum cultivars 1678:1702 the G. hirsutum cultivars 1678:1702 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 2 65 theme detachment 513:522 arg1 processes 524:532 both cell adhesion and detachment processes 490:532 both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development 490:567 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 0 66 from adhesion 75:82 arg1 cultivars 107:115 cultivars 107:115 cultivars with distinct fibre qualities 107:145 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 0 67 theme fibre 131:135 arg1 qualities 137:145 distinct fibre qualities 122:145 distinct fibre qualities 122:145 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 4 68 theme Cotton 897:902 arg1 adhesion 915:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 68 theme Cotton 897:902 arg1 process 1004:1010 a developmentally regulated process 976:1010 a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype 976:1033 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 6 69 theme cultivars 1299:1307 arg1 CFML 1275:1278 the CFML 1271:1278 the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1271:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 1 70 theme cell 386:389 arg1 construction 396:407 secondary cell wall construction 376:407 secondary cell wall construction 376:407 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 6 71 from onset 1318:1322 arg1 cultivars 1299:1307 two G. hirsutum cultivars 1283:1307 two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1283:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 6 71 from onset 1318:1322 arg1 CFML 1275:1278 the CFML 1271:1278 the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1271:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 2 72 theme fibre 551:555 arg1 development 557:567 fibre development 551:567 fibre development 551:567 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 3 73 theme several 736:742 arg1 cultivars 744:752 several cultivars 736:752 several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 736:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 74 theme fibre 606:610 arg1 quality 612:618 fibre quality 606:618 fibre quality 606:618 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 0 75 theme middle 39:44 arg1 lamellae 46:53 cotton fibre middle lamellae 26:53 cotton fibre middle lamellae 26:53 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 3 76 dep species 815:821 arg1 barbadense 847:856 barbadense 847:856 barbadense 847:856 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 76 dep species 815:821 arg1 herbaceum 862:870 herbaceum 862:870 herbaceum 862:870 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 76 dep species 815:821 arg1 arboreum 879:886 arboreum 879:886 arboreum 879:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 76 dep species 815:821 arg1 Gossypium 824:832 Gossypium 824:832 Gossypium 824:832 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 76 dep species 815:821 arg1 species 815:821 four commercial species 799:821 four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 799:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 5 77 dep species 1151:1157 arg1 arboreum 1208:1215 G. arboreum 1205:1215 G. arboreum 1205:1215 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 5 77 dep species 1151:1157 arg1 hirsutum 1163:1170 G. hirsutum 1160:1170 G. hirsutum 1160:1170 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 5 77 dep species 1151:1157 arg1 barbadense 1176:1185 barbadense 1176:1185 barbadense 1176:1185 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 5 77 dep species 1151:1157 arg1 herbaceum 1191:1199 G. herbaceum 1188:1199 G. herbaceum 1188:1199 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 3 78 theme fibre 769:773 arg1 properties 775:784 different fibre properties 759:784 different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 759:886 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 1 79 theme cotton 319:324 arg1 development 332:342 cotton fibre development 319:342 cotton fibre development 319:342 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 148:157 arg1 traits 180:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits 148:185 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation 148:242 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 148:157 arg1 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 strength 209:216 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 148:157 arg1 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 degree 223:228 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 80 theme BACKGROUND 148:157 arg1 length 201:206 fibre length 195:206 fibre length 195:206 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 4 81 theme fibre 944:948 arg1 CFML 966:969 CFML 966:969 CFML 966:969 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 81 theme fibre 944:948 arg1 lamella 957:963 the cotton fibre middle lamella 933:963 the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) 933:970 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 0 82 from features 14:21 arg1 relation 58:65 relation 58:65 relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities 58:145 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 0 83 theme cell 88:91 arg1 detachment 93:102 cell detachment 88:102 cell detachment 88:102 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 1 84 theme development 332:342 arg1 phases 309:314 the sequential phases 294:314 the sequential phases of cotton fibre development 294:342 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 3 85 dep Gossypium 824:832 arg1 hirsutum 834:841 Gossypium hirsutum 824:841 Gossypium hirsutum 824:841 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 4 86 theme cell 910:913 arg1 adhesion 915:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion 889:922 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 4 86 theme cell 910:913 arg1 process 1004:1010 a developmentally regulated process 976:1010 a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype 976:1033 RESULTS Cotton fibre cell adhesion, through the cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML), is a developmentally regulated process determined by genotype. 28359260 6 87 theme G. 1287:1288 arg1 cultivars 1299:1307 two G. hirsutum cultivars 1283:1307 two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1283:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 1 88 theme cell 345:348 arg1 transition 362:371 transition 362:371 transition to secondary cell wall construction 362:407 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 88 theme cell 345:348 arg1 elongation 350:359 cell elongation 345:359 cell elongation 345:359 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 1 88 theme cell 345:348 arg1 deposition 423:432 cellulose deposition 413:432 cellulose deposition 413:432 BACKGROUND Cotton fibre quality traits such as fibre length, strength, and degree of maturation are determined by genotype and environment during the sequential phases of cotton fibre development (cell elongation, transition to secondary cell wall construction and cellulose deposition). 28359260 5 89 theme de-esterified 1060:1072 arg1 homogalacturonan 1074:1089 de-esterified homogalacturonan 1060:1089 de-esterified homogalacturonan 1060:1089 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 9 90 theme rich 1624:1627 arg1 bulges 1616:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 0 91 theme cotton 26:31 arg1 lamellae 46:53 cotton fibre middle lamellae 26:53 cotton fibre middle lamellae 26:53 Developmental features of cotton fibre middle lamellae in relation to cell adhesion and cell detachment in cultivars with distinct fibre qualities. 28359260 5 92 theme cotton 1144:1149 arg1 species 1151:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species 1119:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 1119:1215 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 7 93 from stages 1462:1467 arg1 absent 1488:1493 absent 1488:1493 absent 1488:1493 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 9 94 theme cotton 1718:1723 arg1 species 1725:1731 other cotton species 1712:1731 other cotton species 1712:1731 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 5 95 from xyloglucan 1092:1101 arg1 species 1151:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species 1119:1157 all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum 1119:1215 The CFML is composed of de-esterified homogalacturonan, xyloglucan and arabinan in all four fibre-producing cotton species: G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 6 96 from CFML 1275:1278 arg1 onset 1318:1322 the onset 1314:1322 the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1314:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 7 97 theme later 1456:1460 arg1 stages 1462:1467 later stages 1456:1467 later stages 1456:1467 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 2 98 theme middle 453:458 arg1 CFML 469:472 CFML 469:472 CFML 469:472 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 98 theme middle 453:458 arg1 crucial 478:484 crucial 478:484 crucial 478:484 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 98 theme middle 453:458 arg1 lamella 460:466 The cotton fibre middle lamella 436:466 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) 436:473 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 6 99 theme cell 1333:1336 arg1 detachment 1343:1352 fibre cell wall detachment 1327:1352 fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1327:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 28359260 7 100 from absent 1488:1493 arg1 stages 1462:1467 later stages 1456:1467 later stages 1456:1467 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 2 101 theme cotton 440:445 arg1 CFML 469:472 CFML 469:472 CFML 469:472 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 101 theme cotton 440:445 arg1 crucial 478:484 crucial 478:484 crucial 478:484 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 2 101 theme cotton 440:445 arg1 lamella 460:466 The cotton fibre middle lamella 436:466 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) 436:473 The cotton fibre middle lamella (CFML) is crucial for both cell adhesion and detachment processes occurring during fibre development. 28359260 9 102 theme wall 1611:1614 arg1 bulges 1616:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges 1599:1621 Paired cell wall bulges, rich in xyloglucan, are significantly more evident in the G. hirsutum cultivars than in other cotton species. 28359260 7 103 theme wall 1437:1440 arg1 bulges 1442:1447 the cell wall bulges 1428:1447 the cell wall bulges 1428:1447 Xyloglucan is abundant in the cell wall bulges and in later stages pectic arabinan is absent from these regions. 28359260 8 104 theme transition 1581:1590 arg1 phase 1592:1596 the transition phase 1577:1596 the transition phase 1577:1596 CONCLUSIONS The CFML of cotton fibres is re-structured during the transition phase. 28359260 3 105 theme structural 667:676 arg1 analysis 696:703 a structural and compositional analysis 665:703 a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML 665:715 To explore the relationship between fibre quality and the pace at which cotton fibres develop, a structural and compositional analysis of the CFML was carried out in several cultivars with different fibre properties belonging to four commercial species: Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum and G. arboreum. 28359260 6 106 theme deposition 1390:1399 arg1 start 1361:1365 the start 1357:1365 the start of secondary cell wall deposition 1357:1399 Conspicuous paired cell wall bulges are a feature of the CFML of two G. hirsutum cultivars from the onset of fibre cell wall detachment to the start of secondary cell wall deposition. 25839796 6 0 theme nanofil 820:826 arg1 films 832:836 nanofil 116 films 820:836 nanofil 116 films 820:836 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 1 1 theme cloisite 152:159 arg1 20A 161:163 cloisite 20A 152:163 cloisite 20A 152:163 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 4 2 theme water 537:541 arg1 rate 562:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 7 3 theme gum 1028:1030 arg1 polymer 1032:1038 guar gum polymer 1023:1038 guar gum polymer 1023:1038 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 5 4 theme % 614:614 arg1 nanofil 598:604 nanofil 116 598:608 nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) 598:628 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 4 theme % 614:614 arg1 gum 625:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 4 5 from reduction 524:532 arg1 rate 562:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 4 5 from reduction 524:532 arg1 strength 511:518 mechanical strength 500:518 mechanical strength 500:518 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 3 6 theme X-ray 396:400 arg1 scattering 402:411 X-ray scattering 396:411 X-ray scattering 396:411 Nano-composites were characterized using X-ray scattering, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. 25839796 2 7 theme barrier 275:281 arg1 property 283:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 7 8 theme interstitial 924:935 arg1 spacing 937:943 interstitial spacing 924:943 interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets 924:987 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 8 9 theme nano-composites 1104:1118 arg1 mechanical 1067:1076 mechanical 1067:1076 mechanical 1067:1076 This resulted in improved mechanical and barrier properties of nano-composites compared to control. 25839796 5 10 theme w/w 651:653 arg1 20A 642:644 closite 20A 634:644 closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) 634:663 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 10 theme w/w 651:653 arg1 gum 660:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 11 theme guar 620:623 arg1 nanofil 598:604 nanofil 116 598:608 nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) 598:628 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 11 theme guar 620:623 arg1 gum 625:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 2 12 theme vapor 269:273 arg1 property 283:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 13 from Effect 206:211 arg1 characteristics 303:317 chromatic characteristics 293:317 chromatic characteristics 293:317 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 13 from Effect 206:211 arg1 opacity 323:329 opacity 323:329 opacity 323:329 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 13 from Effect 206:211 arg1 property 283:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 13 from Effect 206:211 arg1 strength 253:260 mechanical strength 242:260 mechanical strength 242:260 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 5 14 theme higher 693:698 arg1 strength 708:715 a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength 678:715 a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength 678:715 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 15 contain containing 587:596 arg2 20A 642:644 closite 20A 634:644 closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) 634:663 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 15 contain containing 587:596 arg2 nanofil 598:604 nanofil 116 598:608 nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) 598:628 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 15 contain containing 587:596 arg2 gum 625:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 15 contain containing 587:596 arg1 Films 581:585 Films 581:585 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) 581:663 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 15 contain containing 587:596 arg2 gum 660:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 7 16 theme scattering 890:899 arg1 analysis 901:908 X-ray scattering analysis 884:908 X-ray scattering analysis 884:908 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 2 17 theme water 263:267 arg1 property 283:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 3 18 theme scanning 423:430 arg1 microscopy 441:450 scanning electron microscopy 423:450 scanning electron microscopy 423:450 Nano-composites were characterized using X-ray scattering, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. 25839796 5 19 theme tensile 700:706 arg1 strength 708:715 a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength 678:715 a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength 678:715 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 1 20 theme Guar 74:77 arg1 gum 79:81 Guar gum 74:81 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 7 21 theme X-ray 884:888 arg1 analysis 901:908 X-ray scattering analysis 884:908 X-ray scattering analysis 884:908 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 4 22 theme mechanical 500:509 arg1 strength 511:518 mechanical strength 500:518 mechanical strength 500:518 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 5 23 theme closite 634:640 arg1 20A 642:644 closite 20A 634:644 closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) 634:663 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 23 theme closite 634:640 arg1 gum 660:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 1 24 theme gum 79:81 arg1 films 104:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 1 25 theme unmodified 170:179 arg1 nanoclays 195:203 organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays 130:203 organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays 130:203 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 0 26 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties 0:32 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based nano-composite films. 25839796 6 27 theme Lower 760:764 arg1 strength 774:781 Lower tensile strength 760:781 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films 760:836 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 4 28 from increase 488:495 arg1 rate 562:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 4 28 from increase 488:495 arg1 strength 511:518 mechanical strength 500:518 mechanical strength 500:518 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 2 29 theme chromatic 293:301 arg1 characteristics 303:317 chromatic characteristics 293:317 chromatic characteristics 293:317 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 3 30 theme electron 432:439 arg1 microscopy 441:450 scanning electron microscopy 423:450 scanning electron microscopy 423:450 Nano-composites were characterized using X-ray scattering, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. 25839796 6 31 dep strength 774:781 arg1 compared 808:815 compared 808:815 compared to nanofil 116 films 808:836 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 1 32 dep modified 142:149 arg1 nanofil 182:188 nanofil 116 182:192 nanofil 116 182:192 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 1 32 dep modified 142:149 arg1 20A 161:163 cloisite 20A 152:163 cloisite 20A 152:163 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 6 33 theme tensile 766:772 arg1 strength 774:781 Lower tensile strength 760:781 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films 760:836 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 1 34 theme based 83:87 arg1 films 104:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 7 35 theme guar 1023:1026 arg1 gum 1028:1030 guar gum 1023:1030 guar gum polymer 1023:1038 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 0 36 theme guar 37:40 arg1 gum 42:44 guar gum 37:44 guar gum 37:44 Mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based nano-composite films. 25839796 2 37 theme nanoclay 216:223 arg1 incorporation 225:237 nanoclay incorporation 216:237 nanoclay incorporation 216:237 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 0 38 theme barrier 15:21 arg1 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties 0:32 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based nano-composite films. 25839796 4 39 theme transmission 549:560 arg1 rate 562:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 4 40 theme dependent 478:486 arg1 increase 488:495 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase 453:495 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength 453:518 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 4 41 theme vapor 543:547 arg1 rate 562:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 water vapor transmission rate 537:565 A nanoclay concentration dependent increase in mechanical strength and reduction in water vapor transmission rate was observed. 25839796 5 42 theme guar 655:658 arg1 20A 642:644 closite 20A 634:644 closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) 634:663 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 42 theme guar 655:658 arg1 gum 660:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 6 43 theme films 799:803 arg1 strength 774:781 Lower tensile strength 760:781 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films 760:836 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 7 44 theme cloisite 969:976 arg1 sheets 982:987 cloisite 20A sheets 969:987 cloisite 20A sheets 969:987 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 2 45 theme films 334:338 arg1 characteristics 303:317 chromatic characteristics 293:317 chromatic characteristics 293:317 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 45 theme films 334:338 arg1 opacity 323:329 opacity 323:329 opacity 323:329 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 45 theme films 334:338 arg1 property 283:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 water vapor barrier property 263:290 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 2 45 theme films 334:338 arg1 strength 253:260 mechanical strength 242:260 mechanical strength 242:260 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 0 46 theme gum 42:44 arg1 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties 0:32 properties 23:32 Mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based nano-composite films. 25839796 6 47 theme guar 874:877 arg1 gum 879:881 guar gum 874:881 guar gum 874:881 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 6 48 theme 20A 795:797 arg1 films 799:803 cloisite 20A films 786:803 cloisite 20A films 786:803 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 5 49 theme % 649:649 arg1 20A 642:644 closite 20A 634:644 closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) 634:663 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 49 theme % 649:649 arg1 gum 660:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 10% w/w guar gum 647:662 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 7 50 theme 20A 978:980 arg1 sheets 982:987 cloisite 20A sheets 969:987 cloisite 20A sheets 969:987 X-ray scattering analysis revealed that interstitial spacing between nanofil 116 and cloisite 20A sheets increased due to intercalation by guar gum polymer. 25839796 6 51 theme cloisite 786:793 arg1 films 799:803 cloisite 20A films 786:803 cloisite 20A films 786:803 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 5 52 theme w/w 616:618 arg1 nanofil 598:604 nanofil 116 598:608 nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) 598:628 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 5 52 theme w/w 616:618 arg1 gum 625:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 2.5% w/w guar gum 611:627 Films containing nanofil 116 (2.5% w/w guar gum) and closite 20A (10% w/w guar gum) demonstrated a 102% and 41% higher tensile strength, respectively, as compared to the control. 25839796 6 53 with incompatibility 853:867 arg1 gum 879:881 guar gum 874:881 guar gum 874:881 Lower tensile strength of cloisite 20A films as compared to nanofil 116 films was due to its incompatibility with guar gum. 25839796 1 54 theme nano-composite 89:102 arg1 films 104:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films 74:108 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 2 55 theme mechanical 242:251 arg1 strength 253:260 mechanical strength 242:260 mechanical strength 242:260 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 25839796 1 56 theme organically 130:140 arg1 nanoclays 195:203 organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays 130:203 organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays 130:203 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 8 57 theme barrier 1082:1088 arg1 properties 1090:1099 improved mechanical and barrier properties 1058:1099 properties 1090:1099 This resulted in improved mechanical and barrier properties of nano-composites compared to control. 25839796 1 58 theme modified 142:149 arg1 nanoclays 195:203 organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays 130:203 organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays 130:203 Guar gum based nano-composite films were prepared using organically modified (cloisite 20A) and unmodified (nanofil 116) nanoclays. 25839796 0 59 theme nano-composite 52:65 arg1 films 67:71 nano-composite films 52:71 nano-composite films 52:71 Mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based nano-composite films. 25839796 2 60 theme incorporation 225:237 arg1 Effect 206:211 Effect 206:211 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films 206:338 Effect of nanoclay incorporation on mechanical strength, water vapor barrier property, chromatic characteristics and opacity of films was evaluated. 24299798 7 0 theme purified 988:995 arg1 sub-fractions 1012:1024 the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions 978:1024 the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions 978:1024 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 2 1 theme exchange 316:323 arg1 chromatography 325:338 anion exchange chromatography 310:338 anion exchange chromatography 310:338 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 7 2 theme polysaccharide 997:1010 arg1 sub-fractions 1012:1024 the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions 978:1024 the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions 978:1024 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 7 3 from differences 935:945 arg1 activities 961:970 biological activities 950:970 biological activities 950:970 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 5 4 theme potent 720:725 arg1 fractions 727:735 the most potent fractions 711:735 the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide 711:786 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 5 4 theme potent 720:725 arg1 Fractions 670:678 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 670:699 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 670:699 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 4 5 theme acidic 470:475 arg1 fractions 477:485 The acidic fractions 466:485 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 466:506 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 5 theme acidic 470:475 arg1 PBEII-IV 499:506 PBEII-IV 499:506 PBEII-IV 499:506 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 5 theme acidic 470:475 arg1 PBEII-I 487:493 PBEII-I 487:493 PBEII-I 487:493 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 5 theme acidic 470:475 arg1 active 522:527 active 522:527 active 522:527 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 2 6 theme 100°C 258:262 arg1 water 264:268 50°C and 100°C water 249:268 50°C and 100°C water 249:268 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 4 7 from petersianum 657:667 arg1 BPII 637:640 the positive control BPII 616:640 the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum 616:667 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 8 theme other 571:575 arg1 fractions 577:585 the other fractions 567:585 the other fractions 567:585 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 8 theme other 571:575 arg1 potent 597:602 potent 597:602 potent 597:602 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 0 9 from bark 58:61 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa. 0:82 Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa. 24299798 1 10 theme wide 155:158 arg1 range 160:164 a wide range 153:164 a wide range of illnesses 153:177 The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. 24299798 5 11 dep Fractions 670:678 arg1 PBEII-I 680:686 PBEII-I 680:686 PBEII-I 680:686 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 5 11 dep Fractions 670:678 arg1 Fractions 670:678 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 670:699 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 670:699 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 5 11 dep Fractions 670:678 arg1 PBEII-IV 692:699 PBEII-IV 692:699 PBEII-IV 692:699 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 6 12 theme type 902:905 arg1 structures 910:919 arabinogalactan type II structures 886:919 arabinogalactan type II structures 886:919 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 5 13 theme nitric 775:780 arg1 oxide 782:786 nitric oxide 775:786 release nitric oxide 767:786 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 6 14 theme type 853:856 arg1 polysaccharides 858:872 pectic type polysaccharides 846:872 pectic type polysaccharides 846:872 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 2 15 theme 50°C 249:252 arg1 water 264:268 50°C and 100°C water 249:268 50°C and 100°C water 249:268 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 3 16 theme different 429:437 arg1 fractions 439:447 the different fractions 425:447 the different fractions 425:447 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. 24299798 6 17 theme arabinogalactan 886:900 arg1 structures 910:919 arabinogalactan type II structures 886:919 arabinogalactan type II structures 886:919 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 5 18 theme stimulating 740:750 arg1 macrophages 752:762 stimulating macrophages 740:762 stimulating macrophages 740:762 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 2 19 theme active 281:286 arg1 fractions 288:296 seven active fractions 275:296 seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration 275:357 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 3 20 theme complement 364:373 arg1 fixation 375:382 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities 360:420 fixation 375:382 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. 24299798 4 21 theme fixation 547:554 arg1 assay 556:560 the complement fixation assay 532:560 the complement fixation assay 532:560 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 1 22 theme illnesses 169:177 arg1 range 160:164 a wide range 153:164 a wide range of illnesses 153:177 The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. 24299798 4 23 theme complement 536:545 arg1 assay 556:560 the complement fixation assay 532:560 the complement fixation assay 532:560 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 6 24 contain containing 875:884 arg1 polysaccharides 858:872 pectic type polysaccharides 846:872 pectic type polysaccharides 846:872 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 6 24 contain containing 875:884 arg2 structures 910:919 arabinogalactan type II structures 886:919 arabinogalactan type II structures 886:919 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 7 25 theme biological 950:959 arg1 activities 961:970 biological activities 950:970 biological activities 950:970 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 1 26 theme Parkia 96:101 arg1 biglobosa 103:111 Parkia biglobosa 96:111 Parkia biglobosa 96:111 The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. 24299798 0 27 theme immunomodulating 21:36 arg1 properties 38:47 immunomodulating properties 21:47 immunomodulating properties 21:47 Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa. 24299798 5 28 dep release 767:773 arg1 oxide 782:786 nitric oxide 775:786 release nitric oxide 767:786 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 5 29 from fractions 727:735 arg1 macrophages 752:762 stimulating macrophages 740:762 stimulating macrophages 740:762 Fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were also the most potent fractions in stimulating macrophages to release nitric oxide. 24299798 1 30 theme biglobosa 103:111 arg1 bark 88:91 The bark 84:91 The bark of Parkia biglobosa 84:111 The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. 24299798 7 31 from differences 1046:1056 arg1 compositions 1076:1087 monosaccharide compositions 1061:1087 monosaccharide compositions 1061:1087 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 7 31 from differences 1046:1056 arg1 types 1098:1102 linkage types 1090:1102 linkage types 1090:1102 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 7 31 from differences 1046:1056 arg1 sizes 1118:1122 molecular sizes 1108:1122 molecular sizes 1108:1122 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 3 32 theme macrophage 388:397 arg1 activities 411:420 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities 360:420 activities 411:420 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. 24299798 2 33 with bark 220:223 arg1 fractions 288:296 seven active fractions 275:296 seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration 275:357 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 2 33 with bark 220:223 arg1 water 264:268 50°C and 100°C water 249:268 50°C and 100°C water 249:268 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 2 33 with bark 220:223 arg1 ethanol-water 234:246 50% ethanol-water 230:246 50% ethanol-water 230:246 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 4 34 theme control 629:635 arg1 BPII 637:640 the positive control BPII 616:640 the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum 616:667 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 3 35 theme fractions 439:447 arg1 activities 411:420 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities 360:420 activities 411:420 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. 24299798 3 35 theme fractions 439:447 arg1 fixation 375:382 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities 360:420 fixation 375:382 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. 24299798 3 36 theme stimulating 399:409 arg1 activities 411:420 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities 360:420 activities 411:420 The complement fixation and macrophage stimulating activities of the different fractions were determined. 24299798 7 37 theme molecular 1108:1116 arg1 sizes 1118:1122 molecular sizes 1108:1122 molecular sizes 1108:1122 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 4 38 theme positive 620:627 arg1 BPII 637:640 the positive control BPII 616:640 the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum 616:667 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 39 from active 522:527 arg1 assay 556:560 the complement fixation assay 532:560 the complement fixation assay 532:560 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 7 40 theme linkage 1090:1096 arg1 types 1098:1102 linkage types 1090:1102 linkage types 1090:1102 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 4 41 dep fractions 477:485 arg1 fractions 477:485 The acidic fractions 466:485 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 466:506 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 41 dep fractions 477:485 arg1 PBEII-IV 499:506 PBEII-IV 499:506 PBEII-IV 499:506 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 41 dep fractions 477:485 arg1 PBEII-I 487:493 PBEII-I 487:493 PBEII-I 487:493 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 7 42 theme monosaccharide 1061:1074 arg1 compositions 1076:1087 monosaccharide compositions 1061:1087 monosaccharide compositions 1061:1087 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 2 43 theme anion 310:314 arg1 chromatography 325:338 anion exchange chromatography 310:338 anion exchange chromatography 310:338 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 6 44 theme pectic 846:851 arg1 polysaccharides 858:872 pectic type polysaccharides 846:872 pectic type polysaccharides 846:872 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 7 45 theme observed 926:933 arg1 due 1039:1041 due 1039:1041 due 1039:1041 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 7 45 theme observed 926:933 arg1 differences 935:945 The observed differences 922:945 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions 922:1024 The observed differences in biological activities among the seven purified polysaccharide sub-fractions are probably due to differences in monosaccharide compositions, linkage types and molecular sizes. 24299798 6 46 theme Structural 789:798 arg1 studies 800:806 Structural studies 789:806 Structural studies 789:806 Structural studies showed that PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were pectic type polysaccharides, containing arabinogalactan type II structures. 24299798 0 47 with Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 properties 38:47 immunomodulating properties 21:47 immunomodulating properties 21:47 Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa. 24299798 1 48 used used 116:119 arg2 bark 88:91 The bark 84:91 The bark of Parkia biglobosa 84:111 The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. 24299798 4 49 from assay 556:560 arg1 fractions 477:485 The acidic fractions 466:485 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV 466:506 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 4 49 from assay 556:560 arg1 active 522:527 active 522:527 active 522:527 The acidic fractions PBEII-I and PBEII-IV were the most active in the complement fixation assay, but the other fractions were also potent compared to the positive control BPII from Biophytum petersianum. 24299798 1 50 theme traditional 124:134 arg1 medicine 136:143 traditional medicine 124:143 traditional medicine 124:143 The bark of Parkia biglobosa is used in traditional medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses. 24299798 0 51 theme biglobosa 73:81 arg1 bark 58:61 the bark 54:61 the bark of Parkia biglobosa 54:81 Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa. 24299798 2 52 theme % 232:232 arg1 ethanol-water 234:246 50% ethanol-water 230:246 50% ethanol-water 230:246 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 2 53 theme gel 344:346 arg1 filtration 348:357 gel filtration 344:357 gel filtration 344:357 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24299798 0 54 theme Parkia 66:71 arg1 biglobosa 73:81 Parkia biglobosa 66:81 Parkia biglobosa 66:81 Polysaccharides with immunomodulating properties from the bark of Parkia biglobosa. 24299798 2 55 theme 50 230:231 arg1 % 232:232 % 232:232 % 232:232 Polysaccharides were extracted from the bark with 50% ethanol-water, 50°C and 100°C water, and seven active fractions obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 24890137 2 0 theme EPS 493:495 arg1 accumulation 497:508 the EPS accumulation 489:508 the EPS accumulation 489:508 The wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse increased the EPS accumulation by 91.4, 78.6, and 74.3 % compared with control, respectively. 24890137 6 1 theme rice 1273:1276 arg1 straw 1278:1282 rice straw 1273:1282 rice straw 1273:1282 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 4 2 theme I. 923:924 arg1 PS 952:953 PS 952:953 PS 952:953 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 2 theme I. 923:924 arg1 polysaccharides 935:949 I. obliquus polysaccharides 923:949 I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS) 923:954 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 1 3 theme lignocellulose 178:191 arg1 degradation 193:203 lignocellulose degradation 178:203 lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse 178:253 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 4 4 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 accumulation 882:893 accumulation 882:893 accumulation 882:893 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 4 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 activity 911:918 antioxidant activity 899:918 antioxidant activity 899:918 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 4 theme polysaccharides 935:949 arg1 growth 874:879 mycelia growth 866:879 mycelia growth 866:879 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 5 5 theme extracts 1057:1064 arg1 content 986:992 The carbohydrate and protein content 957:992 content 986:992 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 5 5 theme extracts 1057:1064 arg1 compositions 1025:1036 the monosaccharide compositions 1006:1036 the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts 1006:1064 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 1 6 theme degradation 193:203 arg1 effect 168:173 The effect 164:173 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation 164:404 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 7 dep extra- 303:308 arg1 EPS 311:313 EPS 311:313 EPS 311:313 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 4 8 theme antioxidant 899:909 arg1 activity 911:918 antioxidant activity 899:918 antioxidant activity 899:918 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 1 9 from degradation 193:203 arg1 straw 214:218 wheat straw 208:218 wheat straw 208:218 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 9 from degradation 193:203 arg1 straw 226:230 rice straw 221:230 rice straw 221:230 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 9 from degradation 193:203 arg1 bagasse 247:253 sugarcane bagasse 237:253 sugarcane bagasse 237:253 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 5 10 theme protein 978:984 arg1 content 986:992 The carbohydrate and protein content 957:992 content 986:992 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 1 11 theme antioxidant 279:289 arg1 activity 291:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 0 12 theme lignocellulosic 108:122 arg1 biomass 124:130 lignocellulosic biomass 108:130 lignocellulosic biomass 108:130 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 24890137 1 13 theme Inonotus 359:366 arg1 obliquus 368:375 Inonotus obliquus 359:375 Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation 359:404 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 6 14 theme cultured 1234:1241 arg1 obliquus 1246:1253 cultured I. obliquus 1234:1253 cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse 1234:1308 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 1 15 from effect 168:173 arg1 straw 214:218 wheat straw 208:218 wheat straw 208:218 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 15 from effect 168:173 arg1 straw 226:230 rice straw 221:230 rice straw 221:230 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 15 from effect 168:173 arg1 bagasse 247:253 sugarcane bagasse 237:253 sugarcane bagasse 237:253 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 15 from effect 168:173 arg1 accumulation 262:273 accumulation 262:273 accumulation 262:273 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 15 from effect 168:173 arg1 activity 291:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 3 16 from media 628:632 arg1 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts 573:596 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 1 17 theme obliquus 368:375 arg1 accumulation 262:273 accumulation 262:273 accumulation 262:273 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 17 theme obliquus 368:375 arg1 activity 291:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 5 18 theme sugar 1088:1092 arg1 compositions 1094:1105 sugar compositions 1088:1105 sugar compositions 1088:1105 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 5 19 theme dynamic 1111:1117 arg1 contents 1119:1126 dynamic contents 1111:1126 dynamic contents 1111:1126 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 6 20 theme wheat 1285:1289 arg1 straw 1291:1295 wheat straw 1285:1295 wheat straw 1285:1295 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 4 21 theme materials 788:796 arg1 lignocellulose 834:847 the most effective lignocellulose 815:847 the most effective lignocellulose 815:847 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 21 theme materials 788:796 arg1 straw 805:809 wheat straw 799:809 wheat straw 799:809 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 1 22 theme wheat 208:212 arg1 straw 214:218 wheat straw 208:218 wheat straw 208:218 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 23 theme submerged 383:391 arg1 fermentation 393:404 submerged fermentation 383:404 submerged fermentation 383:404 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 4 24 theme mycelia 866:872 arg1 growth 874:879 mycelia growth 866:879 mycelia growth 866:879 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 0 25 theme polysaccharides 24:38 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 0:162 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 24890137 1 26 theme extra- 303:308 arg1 IPS 351:353 IPS 351:353 IPS 351:353 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 26 theme extra- 303:308 arg1 polysaccharides 334:348 extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides 303:348 extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) 303:354 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 6 27 theme obliquus 1246:1253 arg1 PS 1228:1229 bioactive PS 1218:1229 bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse 1218:1308 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 5 28 theme carbohydrate 961:972 arg1 content 986:992 The carbohydrate and protein content 957:992 content 986:992 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 4 29 theme effective 824:832 arg1 lignocellulose 834:847 the most effective lignocellulose 815:847 the most effective lignocellulose 815:847 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 29 theme effective 824:832 arg1 straw 805:809 wheat straw 799:809 wheat straw 799:809 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 1 30 theme rice 221:224 arg1 straw 226:230 rice straw 221:230 rice straw 221:230 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 0 31 theme bioactive 14:22 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 bioactive polysaccharides 14:38 bioactive polysaccharides 14:38 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 24890137 3 32 theme control 759:765 arg1 medium 767:772 the control medium 755:772 the control medium 755:772 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 0 33 theme antioxidant 142:152 arg1 activity 154:161 their antioxidant activity 136:161 their antioxidant activity 136:161 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 24890137 6 34 theme bioactive 1218:1226 arg1 PS 1228:1229 bioactive PS 1218:1229 bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse 1218:1308 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 2 35 theme wheat 432:436 arg1 straw 438:442 The wheat straw 428:442 The wheat straw 428:442 The wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse increased the EPS accumulation by 91.4, 78.6, and 74.3 % compared with control, respectively. 24890137 0 36 theme Inonotus 43:50 arg1 obliquus 52:59 Inonotus obliquus 43:59 Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity 43:161 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 24890137 3 37 theme EPS 577:579 arg1 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts 573:596 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 6 38 theme PS 1228:1229 arg1 accumulation 1202:1213 The enhanced accumulation 1189:1213 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse 1189:1308 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 6 38 theme PS 1228:1229 arg1 evident 1314:1320 evident 1314:1320 evident 1314:1320 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 3 39 contain had 634:636 arg2 radical- 668:675 significantly higher hydroxyl radical- 638:675 significantly higher hydroxyl radical- 638:675 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 3 39 contain had 634:636 arg1 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts 573:596 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 3 39 contain had 634:636 arg2 activity 730:737 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity 681:737 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity 681:737 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 5 40 theme lignocellulosic 1162:1176 arg1 materials 1178:1186 individual lignocellulosic materials 1151:1186 individual lignocellulosic materials 1151:1186 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 2 41 theme rice 445:448 arg1 straw 450:454 rice straw 445:454 rice straw 445:454 The wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse increased the EPS accumulation by 91.4, 78.6, and 74.3 % compared with control, respectively. 24890137 2 42 theme sugarcane 461:469 arg1 bagasse 471:477 sugarcane bagasse 461:477 sugarcane bagasse 461:477 The wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse increased the EPS accumulation by 91.4, 78.6, and 74.3 % compared with control, respectively. 24890137 5 43 theme materials 1178:1186 arg1 fermentation 1135:1146 fermentation 1135:1146 fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials 1135:1186 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 3 44 theme lignocellulose 613:626 arg1 media 628:632 the three lignocellulose media 603:632 the three lignocellulose media 603:632 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 3 45 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 681:709 arg1 activity 730:737 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity 681:737 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity 681:737 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 1 46 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 IPS 351:353 IPS 351:353 IPS 351:353 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 46 theme intracellular 320:332 arg1 polysaccharides 334:348 extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides 303:348 extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) 303:354 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 3 47 theme hydroxyl 659:666 arg1 radical- 668:675 significantly higher hydroxyl radical- 638:675 significantly higher hydroxyl radical- 638:675 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 5 48 theme EPS 1045:1047 arg1 extracts 1057:1064 the EPS and IPS extracts 1041:1064 the EPS and IPS extracts 1041:1064 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 1 49 theme polysaccharides 334:348 arg1 accumulation 262:273 accumulation 262:273 accumulation 262:273 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 49 theme polysaccharides 334:348 arg1 activity 291:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 antioxidant activity 279:298 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 4 50 theme obliquus 926:933 arg1 PS 952:953 PS 952:953 PS 952:953 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 50 theme obliquus 926:933 arg1 polysaccharides 935:949 I. obliquus polysaccharides 923:949 I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS) 923:954 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 5 51 theme IPS 1053:1055 arg1 extracts 1057:1064 the EPS and IPS extracts 1041:1064 the EPS and IPS extracts 1041:1064 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 6 52 theme I. 1243:1244 arg1 obliquus 1246:1253 cultured I. obliquus 1234:1253 cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse 1234:1308 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 1 53 from straw 226:230 arg1 effect 168:173 The effect 164:173 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation 164:404 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 5 54 theme individual 1151:1160 arg1 materials 1178:1186 individual lignocellulosic materials 1151:1186 individual lignocellulosic materials 1151:1186 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 24890137 1 55 theme sugarcane 237:245 arg1 bagasse 247:253 sugarcane bagasse 237:253 sugarcane bagasse 237:253 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 56 from bagasse 247:253 arg1 effect 168:173 The effect 164:173 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation 164:404 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 1 57 dep accumulation 262:273 arg1 the 258:260 the 258:260 the 258:260 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 4 58 theme wheat 799:803 arg1 lignocellulose 834:847 the most effective lignocellulose 815:847 the most effective lignocellulose 815:847 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 4 58 theme wheat 799:803 arg1 straw 805:809 wheat straw 799:809 wheat straw 799:809 Of the three materials, wheat straw was the most effective lignocellulose in enhancing the mycelia growth, accumulation and antioxidant activity of I. obliquus polysaccharides (PS). 24890137 1 59 from straw 214:218 arg1 effect 168:173 The effect 164:173 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation 164:404 The effect of lignocellulose degradation in wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse on the accumulation and antioxidant activity of extra- (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation were first evaluated. 24890137 3 60 theme higher 652:657 arg1 radical- 668:675 significantly higher hydroxyl radical- 638:675 significantly higher hydroxyl radical- 638:675 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 3 61 theme IPS 585:587 arg1 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts 573:596 extracts 589:596 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 6 62 theme enhanced 1193:1200 arg1 accumulation 1202:1213 The enhanced accumulation 1189:1213 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse 1189:1308 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 6 62 theme enhanced 1193:1200 arg1 evident 1314:1320 evident 1314:1320 evident 1314:1320 The enhanced accumulation of bioactive PS of cultured I. obliquus supplemented with rice straw, wheat straw, and bagasse was evident. 24890137 0 63 theme submerged 67:75 arg1 fermentation 77:88 submerged fermentation 67:88 submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity 67:161 Production of bioactive polysaccharides by Inonotus obliquus under submerged fermentation supplemented with lignocellulosic biomass and their antioxidant activity. 24890137 3 64 theme radical-scavenging 711:728 arg1 activity 730:737 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity 681:737 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity 681:737 The EPS and IPS extracts from the three lignocellulose media had significantly higher hydroxyl radical- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity than those from the control medium. 24890137 5 65 theme monosaccharide 1010:1023 arg1 compositions 1025:1036 the monosaccharide compositions 1006:1036 the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts 1006:1064 The carbohydrate and protein content, as well as the monosaccharide compositions of the EPS and IPS extracts, were correlated with sugar compositions and dynamic contents during fermentation of individual lignocellulosic materials. 27085741 2 0 dep oligosaccharide 573:587 arg1 ii 564:565 ii 564:565 ii 564:565 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 4 1 theme interaction 855:865 arg1 technique 923:931 an efficient technique 910:931 an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 910:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 1 theme interaction 855:865 arg1 HILIC 890:894 HILIC 890:894 HILIC 890:894 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 1 theme interaction 855:865 arg1 chromatography 874:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 839:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 839:895 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 7 2 theme highly-purified 1757:1771 arg1 fractions 1773:1781 highly-purified fractions 1757:1781 highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications 1757:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 2 3 theme LPS 335:337 arg1 source 325:330 the source 321:330 the source of LPS 321:337 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 4 theme 1200 1528:1531 arg1 LPS 1533:1535 PCM 1200 LPS 1524:1535 Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1511:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 5 dep Hafnia 1511:1516 arg1 alvei 1518:1522 Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1511:1535 Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1511:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 5 dep Hafnia 1511:1516 arg1 LPS 1533:1535 PCM 1200 LPS 1524:1535 Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1511:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 1 6 theme main 238:241 arg1 antigen 251:257 a main surface antigen 236:257 a main surface antigen 236:257 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 6 theme main 238:241 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) 197:231 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 7 attach isolated 355:362 arg2 molecule 345:352 this molecule 340:352 this molecule 340:352 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 7 attach isolated 355:362 arg1 forms 380:384 the smooth forms 369:384 the smooth forms of bacteria 369:396 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 0 8 link lipopolysaccharide-derived 30:55 arg1 oligosaccharides 57:72 lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 30:72 lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 30:72 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 0 9 theme mass 178:181 arg1 spectrometry 183:194 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 154:194 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 154:194 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 6 10 gly glycoforms 1497:1506 arg1 core 1489:1492 core OS glycoforms 1489:1506 core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1489:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 10 gly glycoforms 1497:1506 arg1 OS 1494:1495 core OS glycoforms 1489:1506 core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1489:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 11 theme OS 1494:1495 arg1 glycoforms 1497:1506 core OS glycoforms 1489:1506 core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1489:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 4 12 theme efficient 913:921 arg1 technique 923:931 an efficient technique 910:931 an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 910:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 12 theme efficient 913:921 arg1 chromatography 874:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 839:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 839:895 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 5 13 link LPS-derived 1271:1281 arg1 oligosaccharides 1283:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 1 14 theme virulence 263:271 arg1 factor 273:278 virulence factor 263:278 virulence factor 263:278 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 15 theme effective 1319:1327 arg1 result 1306:1311 a result 1304:1311 a result 1304:1311 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 15 theme effective 1319:1327 arg1 procedures 1329:1338 three effective procedures 1313:1338 three effective procedures 1313:1338 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 7 16 theme analytical 1674:1683 arg1 procedures 1685:1694 developed analytical procedures 1664:1694 developed analytical procedures 1664:1694 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 3 17 theme efficient 769:777 arg1 separation 779:788 further efficient separation 761:788 further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 761:836 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 3 18 theme oligosaccharide 811:825 arg1 glycoforms 827:836 various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 793:836 glycoforms 827:836 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 2 19 theme Gram-negative 677:689 arg1 bacteria 691:698 Gram-negative bacteria 677:698 Gram-negative bacteria 677:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 20 theme core 1387:1390 arg1 oligosaccharides 1392:1407 different core oligosaccharides 1377:1407 different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1377:1434 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 4 21 theme neutral 970:976 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 21 theme neutral 970:976 arg1 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 21 theme neutral 970:976 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 21 theme neutral 970:976 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 5 22 dep -HILIC 1169:1174 arg1 phase 1126:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase 1102:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica 1102:1167 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 5 22 dep -HILIC 1169:1174 arg1 ® 1098:1098 ® 1098:1098 ® 1098:1098 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 5 22 dep -HILIC 1169:1174 arg1 ZIC 1094:1096 ZIC 1094:1096 ZIC(®) 1094:1099 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 2 23 theme envelope 665:672 arg1 membrane 644:651 the outer membrane 634:651 the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 634:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 5 24 theme separate 1252:1259 arg1 oligosaccharides 1283:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 3 25 theme poly- 801:805 arg1 degradation 738:748 degradation 738:748 degradation of LPS 738:755 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 3 25 theme poly- 801:805 arg1 separation 779:788 further efficient separation 761:788 further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 761:836 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 0 26 theme liquid 119:124 arg1 chromatography 126:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 5 27 theme zwitterionic 1102:1113 arg1 phase 1126:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase 1102:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica 1102:1167 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 6 28 dep separate 1551:1558 arg1 iii 1543:1545 iii 1543:1545 iii 1543:1545 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 2 29 theme repeating 530:538 arg1 units 556:560 repeating oligosaccharide units 530:560 repeating oligosaccharide units 530:560 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 5 30 theme LPS-derived 1271:1281 arg1 oligosaccharides 1283:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 2 31 theme general 421:427 arg1 layout 440:445 a general structural layout 419:445 a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 419:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 0 32 theme electrospray 154:165 arg1 spectrometry 183:194 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 154:194 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 154:194 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 2 33 dep regions 466:472 arg1 regions 466:472 three regions 460:472 three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 460:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 33 dep regions 466:472 arg1 oligosaccharide 573:587 (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS) 563:592 (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS) 563:592 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 33 dep regions 466:472 arg1 iii 600:602 iii 600:602 iii 600:602 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 33 dep regions 466:472 arg1 O-PS 509:512 O-PS 509:512 O-PS 509:512 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 33 dep regions 466:472 arg1 polysaccharide 493:506 an O-specific polysaccharide 479:506 an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) 479:513 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 5 34 theme porous 1155:1160 arg1 silica 1162:1167 porous silica 1155:1167 porous silica 1155:1167 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 7 35 theme biological 1866:1875 arg1 applications 1877:1888 biological applications 1866:1888 biological applications 1866:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 6 36 theme LOS 1432:1434 arg1 oligosaccharides 1392:1407 different core oligosaccharides 1377:1407 different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1377:1434 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 37 from glycoforms 1497:1506 arg1 oligosaccharides 1467:1482 separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides 1445:1482 separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1445:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 7 38 from interest 1790:1797 arg1 quantities 1809:1818 larger quantities 1802:1818 larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications 1802:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 4 39 theme acidic 982:987 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 39 theme acidic 982:987 arg1 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 39 theme acidic 982:987 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 39 theme acidic 982:987 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 7 40 theme developed 1664:1672 arg1 procedures 1685:1694 developed analytical procedures 1664:1694 developed analytical procedures 1664:1694 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 0 41 theme lipopolysaccharide-derived 30:55 arg1 oligosaccharides 57:72 lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 30:72 lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides 30:72 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 0 42 theme hydrophilic 95:105 arg1 chromatography 126:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 7 43 theme future 1833:1838 arg1 evaluation 1840:1849 future evaluation 1833:1849 future evaluation 1833:1849 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 5 44 theme electrospray 1207:1218 arg1 spectrometry 1236:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1207:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1207:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 5 45 theme mass 1231:1234 arg1 spectrometry 1236:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1207:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1207:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 6 46 theme Escherichia 1412:1422 arg1 LOS 1432:1434 Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1412:1434 Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1412:1434 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 4 47 theme glycosylated 1033:1044 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 47 theme glycosylated 1033:1044 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 2 48 theme bacteria 389:396 arg1 forms 380:384 the smooth forms 369:384 the smooth forms of bacteria 369:396 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 4 49 theme hydrophilic 843:853 arg1 technique 923:931 an efficient technique 910:931 an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 910:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 49 theme hydrophilic 843:853 arg1 HILIC 890:894 HILIC 890:894 HILIC 890:894 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 49 theme hydrophilic 843:853 arg1 chromatography 874:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 839:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 839:895 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 50 theme nonglycosylated 1050:1064 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 50 theme nonglycosylated 1050:1064 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 7 51 theme semi-preparative 1711:1726 arg1 protocols 1728:1736 semi-preparative protocols 1711:1736 semi-preparative protocols 1711:1736 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 4 52 theme liquid 867:872 arg1 technique 923:931 an efficient technique 910:931 an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 910:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 52 theme liquid 867:872 arg1 HILIC 890:894 HILIC 890:894 HILIC 890:894 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 52 theme liquid 867:872 arg1 chromatography 874:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 839:887 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) 839:895 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 7 53 used used 1742:1745 arg2 procedures 1685:1694 developed analytical procedures 1664:1694 developed analytical procedures 1664:1694 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 7 53 used used 1742:1745 arg2 some 1656:1659 some 1656:1659 some 1656:1659 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 6 54 theme PCM 1524:1526 arg1 LPS 1533:1535 PCM 1200 LPS 1524:1535 Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1511:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 55 theme Hafnia 1511:1516 arg1 glycoforms 1497:1506 core OS glycoforms 1489:1506 core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1489:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 1 56 theme surface 243:249 arg1 antigen 251:257 a main surface antigen 236:257 a main surface antigen 236:257 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 56 theme surface 243:249 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) 197:231 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 57 dep H. 1623:1624 arg1 alvei 1626:1630 H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1623:1643 H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1623:1643 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 57 dep H. 1623:1624 arg1 LPS 1641:1643 PCM 1200 LPS 1632:1643 H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1623:1643 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 5 58 attach attached 1143:1150 arg2 phase 1126:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase 1102:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica 1102:1167 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 5 58 attach attached 1143:1150 arg1 silica 1162:1167 porous silica 1155:1167 porous silica 1155:1167 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 3 59 theme Structural 701:710 arg1 analysis 712:719 Structural analysis 701:719 Structural analysis 701:719 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 6 60 theme core 1489:1492 arg1 glycoforms 1497:1506 core OS glycoforms 1489:1506 core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1489:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 2 61 theme oligosaccharide 540:554 arg1 units 556:560 repeating oligosaccharide units 530:560 repeating oligosaccharide units 530:560 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 62 theme PCM 1632:1634 arg1 LPS 1641:1643 PCM 1200 LPS 1632:1643 H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1623:1643 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 2 63 theme cell 660:663 arg1 envelope 665:672 the cell envelope 656:672 the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 656:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 3 64 theme LPS 753:755 arg1 degradation 738:748 degradation 738:748 degradation of LPS 738:755 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 3 64 theme LPS 753:755 arg1 separation 779:788 further efficient separation 761:788 further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 761:836 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 2 65 theme core 568:571 arg1 polysaccharide 493:506 an O-specific polysaccharide 479:506 an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) 479:513 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 65 theme core 568:571 arg1 OS 590:591 OS 590:591 OS 590:591 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 65 theme core 568:571 arg1 oligosaccharide 573:587 (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS) 563:592 (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS) 563:592 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 66 theme H. 1623:1624 arg1 di- 1589:1591 di- 1589:1591 di- 1589:1591 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 66 theme H. 1623:1624 arg1 Hep 1560:1562 Hep 1560:1562 Hep 1560:1562 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 66 theme H. 1623:1624 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1603:1618 tetrasaccharides 1603:1618 tetrasaccharides 1603:1618 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 66 theme H. 1623:1624 arg1 tri- 1594:1597 tri- 1594:1597 tri- 1594:1597 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 4 67 gly glycosylated 1033:1044 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 67 gly glycosylated 1033:1044 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 0 68 theme oligosaccharides 57:72 arg1 analysis 18:25 analysis 18:25 analysis 18:25 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 0 68 theme oligosaccharides 57:72 arg1 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation 0:12 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 7 69 from quantities 1809:1818 arg1 fractions 1773:1781 highly-purified fractions 1757:1781 highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications 1757:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 2 70 theme bacteria 691:698 arg1 envelope 665:672 the cell envelope 656:672 the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 656:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 0 71 theme interaction 107:117 arg1 chromatography 126:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 4 72 gly nonglycosylated 1050:1064 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 72 gly nonglycosylated 1050:1064 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 3 73 theme glycoforms 827:836 arg1 degradation 738:748 degradation 738:748 degradation of LPS 738:755 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 3 73 theme glycoforms 827:836 arg1 separation 779:788 further efficient separation 761:788 further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 761:836 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 4 74 theme labelled 951:958 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 74 theme labelled 951:958 arg1 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 74 theme labelled 951:958 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 74 theme labelled 951:958 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 3 75 theme further 761:767 arg1 separation 779:788 further efficient separation 761:788 further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 761:836 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 6 76 theme different 1377:1385 arg1 oligosaccharides 1392:1407 different core oligosaccharides 1377:1407 different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1377:1434 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 4 77 theme native 963:968 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 77 theme native 963:968 arg1 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 77 theme native 963:968 arg1 peptides 1066:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 1033:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 77 theme native 963:968 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 5 78 theme different 1261:1269 arg1 oligosaccharides 1283:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1252:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 5 79 theme stationary 1115:1124 arg1 phase 1126:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase 1102:1130 zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica 1102:1167 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 2 80 dep polysaccharide 493:506 arg1 A 615:615 lipid A 609:615 three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 460:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 80 dep polysaccharide 493:506 arg1 polymer 519:525 a polymer 517:525 a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units 517:560 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 80 dep polysaccharide 493:506 arg1 i 476:476 i 476:476 i 476:476 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 81 theme lipid 609:613 arg1 A 615:615 lipid A 609:615 three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 460:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 82 dep Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 arg1 LPS 217:219 LPS 217:219 LPS 217:219 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 82 dep Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 arg1 endotoxin 222:230 endotoxin 222:230 endotoxin 222:230 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 3 83 theme various 793:799 arg1 poly- 801:805 various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 793:836 poly- 801:805 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 0 84 theme ionisation 167:176 arg1 spectrometry 183:194 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 154:194 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 154:194 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 2 85 theme outer 638:642 arg1 membrane 644:651 the outer membrane 634:651 the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 634:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 6 86 theme Kdo-containing 1568:1581 arg1 mono 1583:1586 Kdo-containing mono 1568:1586 Kdo-containing mono 1568:1586 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 7 87 from fractions 1773:1781 arg1 quantities 1809:1818 larger quantities 1802:1818 larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications 1802:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 2 88 theme units 556:560 arg1 polymer 519:525 a polymer 517:525 a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units 517:560 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 3 89 gly glycoforms 827:836 arg1 oligosaccharide 811:825 various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms 793:836 oligosaccharide 811:825 Structural analysis usually requires degradation of LPS and further efficient separation of various poly- and oligosaccharide glycoforms. 27085741 6 90 dep Escherichia 1412:1422 arg1 coli 1424:1427 coli 1424:1427 coli 1424:1427 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 4 91 theme sialylated 1013:1022 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 91 theme sialylated 1013:1022 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 6 92 theme R1 1429:1430 arg1 LOS 1432:1434 Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1412:1434 Escherichia coli R1 LOS 1412:1434 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 5 93 theme -HILIC 1169:1174 arg1 technology 1176:1185 ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology 1094:1185 ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology 1094:1185 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 4 94 gly glycopeptides 998:1010 arg2 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 glycopeptides 998:1010 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 94 gly glycopeptides 998:1010 arg2 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 2 95 theme O-specific 482:491 arg1 regions 466:472 three regions 460:472 three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 460:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 95 theme O-specific 482:491 arg1 oligosaccharide 573:587 (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS) 563:592 (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS) 563:592 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 95 theme O-specific 482:491 arg1 O-PS 509:512 O-PS 509:512 O-PS 509:512 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 2 95 theme O-specific 482:491 arg1 polysaccharide 493:506 an O-specific polysaccharide 479:506 an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) 479:513 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 96 theme Gram-negative 283:295 arg1 bacteria 297:304 Gram-negative bacteria 283:304 Gram-negative bacteria 283:304 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 5 97 with combination 1190:1200 arg1 spectrometry 1236:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1207:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1207:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 2 98 theme structural 429:438 arg1 layout 440:445 a general structural layout 419:445 a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria 419:698 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 0 99 theme zwitterionic-type 77:93 arg1 chromatography 126:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 77:139 Fractionation and analysis of lipopolysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides by zwitterionic-type hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. 27085741 4 100 gly sialylated 1013:1022 arg1 glycans 989:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans 951:995 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 4 100 gly sialylated 1013:1022 arg1 glycans 1024:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 sialylated glycans 1013:1030 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 7 101 theme larger 1802:1807 arg1 quantities 1809:1818 larger quantities 1802:1818 larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications 1802:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 4 102 theme glycans 989:995 arg1 separation 937:946 separation 937:946 separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides 937:1073 The hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was shown as an efficient technique for separation of labelled or native neutral and acidic glycans, glycopeptides, sialylated glycans, glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. 27085741 6 103 dep separate 1368:1375 arg1 i 1362:1362 i 1362:1362 i 1362:1362 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 6 103 dep separate 1368:1375 arg1 ii 1438:1439 ii 1438:1439 ii 1438:1439 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 2 104 theme smooth 373:378 arg1 forms 380:384 the smooth forms 369:384 the smooth forms of bacteria 369:396 Regardless of the source of LPS, this molecule, isolated from the smooth forms of bacteria, is characterised by a general structural layout encompassing three regions: (i) an O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) - a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units, (ii) core oligosaccharide (OS), and (iii) the lipid A anchoring LPS in the outer membrane of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 7 105 theme interest 1790:1797 arg1 fractions 1773:1781 highly-purified fractions 1757:1781 highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications 1757:1888 Moreover, some of developed analytical procedures were scaled to semi-preparative protocols and used to obtain highly-purified fractions of the interest in larger quantities required for future evaluation, analysis, and biological applications. 27085741 6 106 theme -Kdo 1462:1465 arg1 oligosaccharides 1467:1482 separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides 1445:1482 separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS 1445:1535 As a result three effective procedures have been developed: (i) to separate different core oligosaccharides of Escherichia coli R1 LOS, (ii) to separate RU-[Hep]-Kdo oligosaccharides from core OS glycoforms of Hafnia alvei PCM 1200 LPS, and (iii) to separate Hep and Kdo-containing mono, di-, tri- and tetrasaccharides of H. alvei PCM 1200 LPS. 27085741 5 107 theme ionisation 1220:1229 arg1 spectrometry 1236:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1207:1247 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides 1207:1298 Herein we adopted ZIC(®) (zwitterionic stationary phase covalently attached to porous silica)-HILIC technology in combination with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to separate different LPS-derived oligosaccharides. 27085741 1 108 theme bacteria 297:304 arg1 antigen 251:257 a main surface antigen 236:257 a main surface antigen 236:257 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 108 theme bacteria 297:304 arg1 factor 273:278 virulence factor 263:278 virulence factor 263:278 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 27085741 1 108 theme bacteria 297:304 arg1 Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 Lipopolysaccharide 197:214 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) 197:231 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a main surface antigen and virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria. 28325309 7 0 theme antioxidant 1095:1105 arg1 strategy 1107:1114 an antioxidant strategy 1092:1114 an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces 1092:1133 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 7 0 theme antioxidant 1095:1105 arg1 Composites 1048:1057 Composites 1048:1057 Composites with enhanced performance 1048:1083 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 1 1 theme mechanical 301:310 arg1 modifier 312:319 mechanical modifier 301:319 mechanical modifier 301:319 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 2 theme crystallinity 144:156 arg1 crystallinity 144:156 crystallinity 144:156 crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 144:237 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 2 theme crystallinity 144:156 arg1 composition 121:131 the polysaccharide composition 102:131 the polysaccharide composition 102:131 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 2 theme crystallinity 144:156 arg1 % 139:139 32% 137:139 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 137:237 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 5 3 theme CHF-filler 785:794 arg1 crystallinity 796:808 the CHF-filler crystallinity 781:808 the CHF-filler crystallinity 781:808 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 4 4 theme 3-8 734:736 arg1 % 737:737 % 737:737 % 737:737 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 7 5 from interfaces 1124:1133 arg1 strategy 1107:1114 an antioxidant strategy 1092:1114 an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces 1092:1133 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 7 5 from interfaces 1124:1133 arg1 Composites 1048:1057 Composites 1048:1057 Composites with enhanced performance 1048:1083 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 7 6 theme food 1119:1122 arg1 interfaces 1124:1133 food interfaces 1119:1133 food interfaces 1119:1133 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 2 7 theme antioxidant 499:509 arg1 capacity 511:518 antioxidant capacity 499:518 antioxidant capacity 499:518 The 53-μm-CHF carried phenolics and carotenes, and composites showed antioxidant capacity. 28325309 4 8 theme tensile 655:661 arg1 strength 663:670 tensile strength 655:670 tensile strength 655:670 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 6 9 theme fibers 1015:1020 arg1 residue 976:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 6 9 theme fibers 1015:1020 arg1 source 1005:1010 a source 1003:1010 a source of fibers for material development 1003:1045 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 1 10 theme edible 324:329 arg1 films 331:335 edible films 324:335 edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 324:381 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 11 theme filler 244:249 arg1 performance 251:261 its filler performance 240:261 its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 240:381 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 4 12 theme highest 615:621 arg1 44° 646:648 44° 646:648 44° 646:648 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 4 12 theme highest 615:621 arg1 angle 639:643 the highest surface contact angle 611:643 the highest surface contact angle (44°) 611:649 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 5 13 theme contact 864:870 arg1 angle 872:876 contact angle 864:876 contact angle 864:876 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 2 14 contain carried 444:450 arg1 53-μm-CHF 434:442 The 53-μm-CHF 430:442 The 53-μm-CHF 430:442 The 53-μm-CHF carried phenolics and carotenes, and composites showed antioxidant capacity. 28325309 2 14 contain carried 444:450 arg2 carotenes 466:474 carotenes 466:474 carotenes 466:474 The 53-μm-CHF carried phenolics and carotenes, and composites showed antioxidant capacity. 28325309 2 14 contain carried 444:450 arg2 phenolics 452:460 phenolics 452:460 phenolics 452:460 The 53-μm-CHF carried phenolics and carotenes, and composites showed antioxidant capacity. 28325309 6 15 theme husk 971:974 arg1 residue 976:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 6 15 theme husk 971:974 arg1 source 1005:1010 a source 1003:1010 a source of fibers for material development 1003:1045 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 7 16 theme enhanced 1064:1071 arg1 performance 1073:1083 enhanced performance 1064:1083 enhanced performance 1064:1083 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 1 17 theme water 165:169 arg1 fiber 181:185 the water insoluble fiber 161:185 the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 161:237 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 0 18 theme composite 13:21 arg1 film 23:26 Pectin-based composite film 0:26 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 0:88 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 0 19 from Effect 29:34 arg1 properties 78:87 their properties 72:87 their properties 72:87 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 1 20 from performance 251:261 arg1 films 331:335 edible films 324:335 edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 324:381 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 21 theme insoluble 171:179 arg1 fiber 181:185 the water insoluble fiber 161:185 the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 161:237 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 0 22 theme Pectin-based 0:11 arg1 film 23:26 Pectin-based composite film 0:26 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 0:88 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 6 23 theme material 1026:1033 arg1 development 1035:1045 material development 1026:1045 material development 1026:1045 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 1 24 theme fiber 181:185 arg1 crystallinity 144:156 crystallinity 144:156 crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 144:237 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 6 25 theme Corn 966:969 arg1 residue 976:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 6 25 theme Corn 966:969 arg1 source 1005:1010 a source 1003:1010 a source of fibers for material development 1003:1045 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 4 26 theme % 737:737 arg1 CHF-LMP-films 739:751 the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films 730:751 the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films 730:751 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 7 27 with Composites 1048:1057 arg1 performance 1073:1083 enhanced performance 1064:1083 enhanced performance 1064:1083 Composites with enhanced performance can be an antioxidant strategy at food interfaces. 28325309 1 28 theme water 266:270 arg1 WVP 292:294 WVP 292:294 WVP 292:294 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 28 theme water 266:270 arg1 permeability 278:289 water vapor permeability 266:289 water vapor permeability (WVP) 266:295 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 29 theme commercial 346:355 arg1 LMP 378:380 LMP 378:380 LMP 378:380 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 29 theme commercial 346:355 arg1 pectin 370:375 commercial low methoxyl pectin 346:375 commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 346:381 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 5 30 theme mechanical 837:846 arg1 performance 848:858 mechanical performance 837:858 mechanical performance 837:858 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 1 31 theme vapor 272:276 arg1 WVP 292:294 WVP 292:294 WVP 292:294 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 31 theme vapor 272:276 arg1 permeability 278:289 water vapor permeability 266:289 water vapor permeability (WVP) 266:295 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 32 theme low 357:359 arg1 LMP 378:380 LMP 378:380 LMP 378:380 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 32 theme low 357:359 arg1 pectin 370:375 commercial low methoxyl pectin 346:375 commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 346:381 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 5 33 theme CHF-interconnected 898:915 arg1 network 917:923 a CHF-interconnected network 896:923 a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration 896:963 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 5 34 from improvement 822:832 arg1 performance 848:858 mechanical performance 837:858 mechanical performance 837:858 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 5 34 from improvement 822:832 arg1 angle 872:876 contact angle 864:876 contact angle 864:876 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 1 35 theme methoxyl 361:368 arg1 LMP 378:380 LMP 378:380 LMP 378:380 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 1 35 theme methoxyl 361:368 arg1 pectin 370:375 commercial low methoxyl pectin 346:375 commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) 346:381 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 0 36 theme husk 44:47 arg1 concentration 55:67 corn husk fiber concentration 39:67 corn husk fiber concentration 39:67 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 4 37 theme 5 587:587 arg1 % 588:588 % 588:588 % 588:588 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 3 38 theme LMP 557:559 arg1 matrix 561:566 a continuous LMP matrix 544:566 a continuous LMP matrix 544:566 Homogeneous films with a continuous LMP matrix were obtained. 28325309 1 39 theme polysaccharide 106:119 arg1 composition 121:131 the polysaccharide composition 102:131 the polysaccharide composition 102:131 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 0 40 theme corn 39:42 arg1 concentration 55:67 corn husk fiber concentration 39:67 corn husk fiber concentration 39:67 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 5 41 theme 5 935:935 arg1 % 936:936 % 936:936 % 936:936 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 3 42 theme continuous 546:555 arg1 matrix 561:566 a continuous LMP matrix 544:566 a continuous LMP matrix 544:566 Homogeneous films with a continuous LMP matrix were obtained. 28325309 5 43 theme % 936:936 arg1 concentration 951:963 5%-CHF critical concentration 935:963 5%-CHF critical concentration 935:963 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 1 44 theme % 411:411 arg1 concentrations 413:426 0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations 398:426 0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations 398:426 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 4 45 theme contact 631:637 arg1 44° 646:648 44° 646:648 44° 646:648 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 4 45 theme contact 631:637 arg1 angle 639:643 the highest surface contact angle 611:643 the highest surface contact angle (44°) 611:649 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 6 46 used utilized 991:998 arg2 residue 976:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue 966:982 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 6 46 used utilized 991:998 arg2 source 1005:1010 a source 1003:1010 a source of fibers for material development 1003:1045 Corn husk residue can be utilized as a source of fibers for material development. 28325309 5 47 theme -CHF 937:940 arg1 concentration 951:963 5%-CHF critical concentration 935:963 5%-CHF critical concentration 935:963 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 0 48 dep film 23:26 arg1 Effect 29:34 Effect 29:34 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 0:88 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 4 49 theme surface 623:629 arg1 44° 646:648 44° 646:648 44° 646:648 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 4 49 theme surface 623:629 arg1 angle 639:643 the highest surface contact angle 611:643 the highest surface contact angle (44°) 611:649 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 1 50 dep evaluated 387:395 arg1 concentrations 413:426 0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations 398:426 0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations 398:426 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 28325309 0 51 theme concentration 55:67 arg1 Effect 29:34 Effect 29:34 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 0:88 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 5 52 theme critical 942:949 arg1 concentration 951:963 5%-CHF critical concentration 935:963 5%-CHF critical concentration 935:963 The latter was ascribed to the CHF-filler crystallinity whereas the improvement in mechanical performance and contact angle was attributed to a CHF-interconnected network formed at 5%-CHF critical concentration. 28325309 3 53 theme Homogeneous 521:531 arg1 films 533:537 Homogeneous films 521:537 Homogeneous films with a continuous LMP matrix 521:566 Homogeneous films with a continuous LMP matrix were obtained. 28325309 4 54 theme -CHF 589:592 arg1 composite 594:602 The 5%-CHF composite 583:602 The 5%-CHF composite 583:602 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 3 55 with films 533:537 arg1 matrix 561:566 a continuous LMP matrix 544:566 a continuous LMP matrix 544:566 Homogeneous films with a continuous LMP matrix were obtained. 28325309 0 56 theme fiber 49:53 arg1 concentration 55:67 corn husk fiber concentration 39:67 corn husk fiber concentration 39:67 Pectin-based composite film: Effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties. 28325309 4 57 from change 681:686 arg1 elongation 691:700 elongation 691:700 elongation 691:700 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 4 58 theme % 588:588 arg1 composite 594:602 The 5%-CHF composite 583:602 The 5%-CHF composite 583:602 The 5%-CHF composite showed the highest surface contact angle (44°) and tensile strength, without change in elongation, while WVP was decreased in the 3-8% CHF-LMP-films. 28325309 1 59 theme agricultural 218:229 arg1 residue 231:237 corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 202:237 corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue 202:237 Considering the polysaccharide composition and 32% of crystallinity of the water insoluble fiber extracted from corn husk (CHF) agricultural residue, its filler performance as water vapor permeability (WVP) and mechanical modifier in edible films based on commercial low methoxyl pectin (LMP) was evaluated (0, 1, 3, 5, 8% concentrations). 25037413 2 0 theme samples 337:343 arg1 activities 319:328 the antioxidant activities 303:328 the antioxidant activities of the samples 303:343 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 0 1 theme antioxidant 84:94 arg1 activity 96:103 its antioxidant activity 80:103 its antioxidant activity 80:103 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from Clematis huchouensis Tamura and its antioxidant activity. 25037413 3 2 theme analysis 509:516 arg1 results 458:464 The results 454:464 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis 454:516 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 1 3 theme polysaccharide 240:253 arg1 conditions 226:235 the extraction conditions 211:235 the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP) 211:291 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 3 4 theme chemical 469:476 arg1 composition 478:488 chemical composition 469:488 chemical composition 469:488 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 3 5 theme acidic 548:553 arg1 proteoglycan 555:566 acidic proteoglycan 548:566 acidic proteoglycan 548:566 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 4 6 theme antioxidant 603:613 arg1 activity 615:622 excellent antioxidant activity 593:622 excellent antioxidant activity 593:622 And moreover, CP showed excellent antioxidant activity in these three assays. 25037413 0 7 from Tamura 69:74 arg1 extraction 32:41 extraction 32:41 extraction 32:41 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from Clematis huchouensis Tamura and its antioxidant activity. 25037413 5 8 theme CP 681:682 arg1 structure 668:676 structure 668:676 structure 668:676 The purification and structure of CP need to be further studied. 25037413 5 8 theme CP 681:682 arg1 purification 651:662 purification 651:662 purification 651:662 The purification and structure of CP need to be further studied. 25037413 3 9 theme spectrum 500:507 arg1 analysis 509:516 FT-IR spectrum analysis 494:516 FT-IR spectrum analysis 494:516 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 4 10 theme excellent 593:601 arg1 activity 615:622 excellent antioxidant activity 593:622 excellent antioxidant activity 593:622 And moreover, CP showed excellent antioxidant activity in these three assays. 25037413 2 11 theme scavenging 373:382 arg1 effects 384:390 scavenging effects 373:390 scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals 373:426 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 1 12 theme Box-Behnken 166:176 arg1 design 178:183 Box-Behnken design 166:183 Box-Behnken design 166:183 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 2 13 theme reducing 438:445 arg1 power 447:451 their reducing power 432:451 their reducing power 432:451 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 1 14 from Tamura 281:286 arg1 polysaccharide 240:253 polysaccharide 240:253 polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP) 240:291 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 1 14 from Tamura 281:286 arg1 conditions 226:235 the extraction conditions 211:235 the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP) 211:291 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 3 15 dep showed 518:523 arg1 proteoglycan 555:566 acidic proteoglycan 548:566 acidic proteoglycan 548:566 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 2 16 theme radicals 419:426 arg1 effects 384:390 scavenging effects 373:390 scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals 373:426 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 2 16 theme radicals 419:426 arg1 power 447:451 their reducing power 432:451 their reducing power 432:451 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 0 17 theme polysaccharides 16:30 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of polysaccharides 0:30 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from Clematis huchouensis Tamura and its antioxidant activity. 25037413 0 18 from activity 96:103 arg1 extraction 32:41 extraction 32:41 extraction 32:41 Optimization of polysaccharides extraction from Clematis huchouensis Tamura and its antioxidant activity. 25037413 2 19 theme hydroxyl 410:417 arg1 radicals 419:426 superoxide and hydroxyl radicals 395:426 radicals 419:426 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 3 20 theme FT-IR 494:498 arg1 analysis 509:516 FT-IR spectrum analysis 494:516 FT-IR spectrum analysis 494:516 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 2 21 theme superoxide 395:404 arg1 radicals 419:426 superoxide and hydroxyl radicals 395:426 radicals 419:426 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 1 22 from conditions 226:235 arg1 CP 289:290 CP 289:290 CP 289:290 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 1 22 from conditions 226:235 arg1 Tamura 281:286 Tamura 281:286 Tamura 281:286 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 1 23 theme response 121:128 arg1 RSM 151:153 RSM 151:153 RSM 151:153 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 1 23 theme response 121:128 arg1 methodology 138:148 response surface methodology 121:148 response surface methodology (RSM) 121:154 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 1 24 theme surface 130:136 arg1 RSM 151:153 RSM 151:153 RSM 151:153 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 1 24 theme surface 130:136 arg1 methodology 138:148 response surface methodology 121:148 response surface methodology (RSM) 121:154 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 25037413 3 25 theme composition 478:488 arg1 results 458:464 The results 454:464 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis 454:516 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR spectrum analysis showed the polysaccharide was acidic proteoglycan. 25037413 2 26 theme antioxidant 307:317 arg1 activities 319:328 the antioxidant activities 303:328 the antioxidant activities of the samples 303:343 And then the antioxidant activities of the samples were investigated including scavenging effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and their reducing power. 25037413 1 27 theme extraction 215:224 arg1 conditions 226:235 the extraction conditions 211:235 the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP) 211:291 In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), based on Box-Behnken design, was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Clematis huchouensis Tamura (CP). 29431072 7 0 theme sugar 1065:1069 arg1 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 0 theme sugar 1065:1069 arg1 content 1071:1077 The total sugar content 1055:1077 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 1055:1096 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 0 1 theme Polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 Tremella 122:129 Tremella 122:129 Tremella 122:129 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 1 theme Polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 Evaluation 65:74 Antioxidation Evaluation 51:74 Antioxidation Evaluation 51:74 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 1 theme Polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 1 theme Polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 Analysis 37:44 Composition Analysis 25:44 Composition Analysis 25:44 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 2 from Optimization 11:22 arg1 Mushroom 112:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 3 dep Tremella 122:129 arg1 fuciformis 131:140 Tremella fuciformis 122:140 Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes) 122:158 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 4 theme Jelly 106:110 arg1 Mushroom 112:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 9 5 contain possess 1390:1396 arg1 polysaccharides 1350:1364 polysaccharides 1350:1364 polysaccharides extracted by sonication 1350:1388 This suggests that polysaccharides extracted by sonication possess high antioxidant activities. 29431072 9 5 contain possess 1390:1396 arg2 activities 1415:1424 high antioxidant activities 1398:1424 high antioxidant activities 1398:1424 This suggests that polysaccharides extracted by sonication possess high antioxidant activities. 29431072 8 6 theme superoxide 1268:1277 arg1 activities 1298:1307 superoxide radical scavenging activities 1268:1307 superoxide radical scavenging activities 1268:1307 In addition, SAE-1 and SAE-2 showed stronger Fe2+-chelating activities and superoxide radical scavenging activities than TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 3 7 dep solid 555:559 arg1 to 552:553 to 552:553 to 552:553 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 0 8 theme White 100:104 arg1 Mushroom 112:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 7 9 theme total 1059:1063 arg1 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 9 theme total 1059:1063 arg1 content 1071:1077 The total sugar content 1055:1077 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 1055:1096 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 2 10 theme sonication 319:328 arg1 intensity 330:338 the optimal sonication intensity 307:338 the optimal sonication intensity 307:338 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 2 10 theme sonication 319:328 arg1 W/cm2 346:350 6 W/cm2 344:350 6 W/cm2 344:350 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 5 11 theme hot 758:760 arg1 TWE 780:782 TWE 780:782 TWE 780:782 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 5 11 theme hot 758:760 arg1 extraction 768:777 traditional hot water extraction 746:777 traditional hot water extraction (TWE) 746:783 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 2 12 theme optimal 311:317 arg1 intensity 330:338 the optimal sonication intensity 307:338 the optimal sonication intensity 307:338 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 2 12 theme optimal 311:317 arg1 W/cm2 346:350 6 W/cm2 344:350 6 W/cm2 344:350 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 1 13 theme extraction 201:210 arg1 conditions 218:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions 177:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 177:266 We investigated the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. 29431072 5 14 theme water 762:766 arg1 TWE 780:782 TWE 780:782 TWE 780:782 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 5 14 theme water 762:766 arg1 extraction 768:777 traditional hot water extraction 746:777 traditional hot water extraction (TWE) 746:783 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 4 15 theme maximal 605:611 arg1 g 646:646 8.95 g/100 g 635:646 8.95 g/100 g 635:646 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions. 29431072 4 15 theme maximal 605:611 arg1 yield 628:632 The maximal polysaccharide yield 601:632 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) 601:647 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions. 29431072 1 16 theme sonication-assisted 181:199 arg1 conditions 218:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions 177:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 177:266 We investigated the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. 29431072 0 17 from Analysis 37:44 arg1 Mushroom 112:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 2 18 theme surface 416:422 arg1 design 437:442 response surface experimental design 407:442 response surface experimental design 407:442 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 0 19 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 Tremella 122:129 Tremella 122:129 Tremella 122:129 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 19 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 8 20 theme scavenging 1287:1296 arg1 activities 1298:1307 superoxide radical scavenging activities 1268:1307 superoxide radical scavenging activities 1268:1307 In addition, SAE-1 and SAE-2 showed stronger Fe2+-chelating activities and superoxide radical scavenging activities than TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 2 21 theme response 407:414 arg1 design 437:442 response surface experimental design 407:442 response surface experimental design 407:442 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 0 22 theme Composition 25:35 arg1 Analysis 37:44 Composition Analysis 25:44 Composition Analysis 25:44 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 6 23 theme × 1031:1031 arg1 Da 1037:1038 2.81 × 105 Da 1026:1038 2.81 × 105 Da 1026:1038 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 8 24 theme Fe2+-chelating 1238:1251 arg1 activities 1253:1262 stronger Fe2+-chelating activities 1229:1262 stronger Fe2+-chelating activities 1229:1262 In addition, SAE-1 and SAE-2 showed stronger Fe2+-chelating activities and superoxide radical scavenging activities than TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 9 25 theme high 1398:1401 arg1 activities 1415:1424 high antioxidant activities 1398:1424 high antioxidant activities 1398:1424 This suggests that polysaccharides extracted by sonication possess high antioxidant activities. 29431072 1 26 theme SAE 213:215 arg1 conditions 218:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions 177:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 177:266 We investigated the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. 29431072 6 27 theme molecular 963:971 arg1 weights 973:979 their molecular weights 957:979 their molecular weights 957:979 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 4 28 theme polysaccharide 613:626 arg1 g 646:646 8.95 g/100 g 635:646 8.95 g/100 g 635:646 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions. 29431072 4 28 theme polysaccharide 613:626 arg1 yield 628:632 The maximal polysaccharide yield 601:632 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) 601:647 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions. 29431072 3 29 theme sonication 575:584 arg1 time 586:589 sonication time 575:589 sonication time 575:589 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 29 theme sonication 575:584 arg1 hours 594:598 2 hours 592:598 2 hours 592:598 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 5 30 theme G-100 855:859 arg1 chromatography 868:881 DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 827:881 chromatography 868:881 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 3 31 theme Box-Behnken 447:457 arg1 experiment 459:468 A Box-Behnken experiment 445:468 A Box-Behnken experiment 445:468 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 5 32 theme column 861:866 arg1 chromatography 868:881 DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 827:881 chromatography 868:881 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 9 33 theme antioxidant 1403:1413 arg1 activities 1415:1424 high antioxidant activities 1398:1424 high antioxidant activities 1398:1424 This suggests that polysaccharides extracted by sonication possess high antioxidant activities. 29431072 3 34 theme SAE 497:499 arg1 conditions 501:510 the optimal SAE conditions 485:510 the optimal SAE conditions 485:510 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 34 theme SAE 497:499 arg1 temperature 517:527 temperature 517:527 temperature 517:527 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 7 35 theme SAE-2 1092:1096 arg1 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 35 theme SAE-2 1092:1096 arg1 content 1071:1077 The total sugar content 1055:1077 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 1055:1096 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 6 36 theme Polysaccharide 884:897 arg1 SAE-2 917:921 SAE-2 917:921 SAE-2 917:921 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 36 theme Polysaccharide 884:897 arg1 SAE-1 910:914 SAE-1 910:914 SAE-1 910:914 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 36 theme Polysaccharide 884:897 arg1 fractions 899:907 Polysaccharide fractions 884:907 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) 884:940 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 36 theme Polysaccharide 884:897 arg1 TWE-1 924:928 TWE-1 924:928 TWE-1 924:928 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 36 theme Polysaccharide 884:897 arg1 TWE-2 935:939 TWE-2 935:939 TWE-2 935:939 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 5 37 theme DEAE-Sepharose 827:840 arg1 chromatography 868:881 DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 827:881 chromatography 868:881 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 6 38 theme 4.75 1010:1013 arg1 × 1015:1015 4.75 × 105 1010:1019 4.75 × 105 1010:1019 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 0 39 theme Antioxidation 51:63 arg1 Evaluation 65:74 Antioxidation Evaluation 51:74 Antioxidation Evaluation 51:74 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 7 40 theme nucleic 1128:1134 arg1 acid 1136:1139 nucleic acid 1128:1139 nucleic acid 1128:1139 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 0 41 from Evaluation 65:74 arg1 Mushroom 112:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 White Jelly Mushroom 100:119 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 7 42 theme SAE-1 1082:1086 arg1 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 lower 1102:1106 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 42 theme SAE-1 1082:1086 arg1 content 1071:1077 The total sugar content 1055:1077 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 1055:1096 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 43 theme acid 1136:1139 arg1 higher 1155:1160 higher 1155:1160 higher 1155:1160 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 43 theme acid 1136:1139 arg1 contents 1141:1148 the protein and nucleic acid contents 1112:1148 the protein and nucleic acid contents 1112:1148 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 2 44 theme SAE 363:365 arg1 conditions 367:376 the other SAE conditions 353:376 the other SAE conditions 353:376 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 6 45 dep fractions 899:907 arg1 SAE-2 917:921 SAE-2 917:921 SAE-2 917:921 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 45 dep fractions 899:907 arg1 SAE-1 910:914 SAE-1 910:914 SAE-1 910:914 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 45 dep fractions 899:907 arg1 fractions 899:907 Polysaccharide fractions 884:907 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) 884:940 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 45 dep fractions 899:907 arg1 TWE-1 924:928 TWE-1 924:928 TWE-1 924:928 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 6 45 dep fractions 899:907 arg1 TWE-2 935:939 TWE-2 935:939 TWE-2 935:939 Polysaccharide fractions (SAE-1, SAE-2, TWE-1, and TWE-2) were obtained; their molecular weights were 9.85 × 104, 6.64 × 104, 4.75 × 105, and 2.81 × 105 Da, respectively. 29431072 0 46 from Mushroom 112:119 arg1 Polysaccharides 79:93 Polysaccharides 79:93 Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom 79:119 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 46 from Mushroom 112:119 arg1 Evaluation 65:74 Antioxidation Evaluation 51:74 Antioxidation Evaluation 51:74 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 46 from Mushroom 112:119 arg1 Tremella 122:129 Tremella 122:129 Tremella 122:129 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 46 from Mushroom 112:119 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization 0:22 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 0 46 from Mushroom 112:119 arg1 Analysis 37:44 Composition Analysis 25:44 Composition Analysis 25:44 Extraction Optimization, Composition Analysis, and Antioxidation Evaluation of Polysaccharides from White Jelly Mushroom, Tremella fuciformis (Tremellomycetes). 29431072 2 47 theme other 357:361 arg1 conditions 367:376 the other SAE conditions 353:376 the other SAE conditions 353:376 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 1 48 theme Tremella 232:239 arg1 polysaccharides 252:266 Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 232:266 Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 232:266 We investigated the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. 29431072 8 49 theme radical 1279:1285 arg1 activities 1298:1307 superoxide radical scavenging activities 1268:1307 superoxide radical scavenging activities 1268:1307 In addition, SAE-1 and SAE-2 showed stronger Fe2+-chelating activities and superoxide radical scavenging activities than TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 8 50 theme stronger 1229:1236 arg1 activities 1253:1262 stronger Fe2+-chelating activities 1229:1262 stronger Fe2+-chelating activities 1229:1262 In addition, SAE-1 and SAE-2 showed stronger Fe2+-chelating activities and superoxide radical scavenging activities than TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 4 51 theme optimal 672:678 arg1 conditions 691:700 the optimal extraction conditions 668:700 the optimal extraction conditions 668:700 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions. 29431072 1 52 theme fuciformis 241:250 arg1 polysaccharides 252:266 Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 232:266 Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 232:266 We investigated the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. 29431072 3 53 theme optimal 489:495 arg1 conditions 501:510 the optimal SAE conditions 485:510 the optimal SAE conditions 485:510 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 53 theme optimal 489:495 arg1 temperature 517:527 temperature 517:527 temperature 517:527 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 5 54 theme Sephadex 846:853 arg1 chromatography 868:881 DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 827:881 chromatography 868:881 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 4 55 theme extraction 680:689 arg1 conditions 691:700 the optimal extraction conditions 668:700 the optimal extraction conditions 668:700 The maximal polysaccharide yield (8.95 g/100 g) was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions. 29431072 2 56 theme experimental 424:435 arg1 design 437:442 response surface experimental design 407:442 response surface experimental design 407:442 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 1 57 theme polysaccharides 252:266 arg1 conditions 218:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions 177:227 the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides 177:266 We investigated the sonication-assisted extraction (SAE) conditions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. 29431072 7 58 theme protein 1116:1122 arg1 higher 1155:1160 higher 1155:1160 higher 1155:1160 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 7 58 theme protein 1116:1122 arg1 contents 1141:1148 the protein and nucleic acid contents 1112:1148 the protein and nucleic acid contents 1112:1148 The total sugar content of SAE-1 and SAE-2 was lower and the protein and nucleic acid contents were higher than those of TWE-1 and TWE-2. 29431072 2 59 theme Single-factor 269:281 arg1 experiments 283:293 Single-factor experiments 269:293 Single-factor experiments 269:293 Single-factor experiments showed that the optimal sonication intensity was 6 W/cm2; the other SAE conditions were further optimized using response surface experimental design. 29431072 3 60 theme solid 555:559 arg1 time 586:589 sonication time 575:589 sonication time 575:589 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 60 theme solid 555:559 arg1 85°C 530:533 85°C 530:533 85°C 530:533 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 60 theme solid 555:559 arg1 ratio 536:540 ratio 536:540 ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g 536:568 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 60 theme solid 555:559 arg1 conditions 501:510 the optimal SAE conditions 485:510 the optimal SAE conditions 485:510 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 60 theme solid 555:559 arg1 hours 594:598 2 hours 592:598 2 hours 592:598 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 3 60 theme solid 555:559 arg1 temperature 517:527 temperature 517:527 temperature 517:527 A Box-Behnken experiment exhibited that the optimal SAE conditions were temperature, 85°C; ratio of liquid to solid, 46 mL/g; and sonication time, 2 hours. 29431072 5 61 theme traditional 746:756 arg1 TWE 780:782 TWE 780:782 TWE 780:782 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 29431072 5 61 theme traditional 746:756 arg1 extraction 768:777 traditional hot water extraction 746:777 traditional hot water extraction (TWE) 746:783 Polysaccharides extracted by sonication or traditional hot water extraction (TWE) were further separated and purified using DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 28212929 3 0 theme performance 499:509 arg1 chromatography 518:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 5 1 with residues 933:940 arg1 branch 951:956 one branch 947:956 one branch 947:956 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 1 with residues 933:940 arg1 p 967:967 α-d-Glc p 959:967 α-d-Glc p 959:967 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 0 2 from analysis 11:18 arg1 fulica 66:71 Achatina fulica 57:71 Achatina fulica 57:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 1 3 theme many 143:146 arg1 countries 148:156 many countries 143:156 many countries 143:156 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 5 4 theme repeating 888:896 arg1 backbone 898:905 a linear repeating backbone 879:905 a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 879:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 5 link linked 916:921 arg1 residues 933:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues 910:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 910:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 6 theme main-chain 1037:1046 arg1 units 1048:1052 every five main-chain units 1026:1052 every five main-chain units 1026:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 2 7 theme exchange 320:327 arg1 chromatography 329:342 strong anion exchange chromatography 307:342 strong anion exchange chromatography 307:342 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 5 8 theme α-d-Glc 959:965 arg1 branch 951:956 one branch 947:956 one branch 947:956 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 8 theme α-d-Glc 959:965 arg1 p 967:967 α-d-Glc p 959:967 α-d-Glc p 959:967 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 3 9 theme monosaccharide 546:559 arg1 composition 561:571 monosaccharide composition 546:571 monosaccharide composition 546:571 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 10 theme methylation 574:584 arg1 analysis 586:593 methylation analysis 574:593 methylation analysis 574:593 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 4 11 theme composition 701:711 arg1 analysis 713:720 Chemical composition analysis 692:720 Chemical composition analysis 692:720 Chemical composition analysis indicated that AF-1 is composed of glucose (Glc) and its average molecular weight is 1710kDa. 28212929 3 12 theme composition 561:571 arg1 analysis 586:593 methylation analysis 574:593 methylation analysis 574:593 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 12 theme composition 561:571 arg1 analysis 534:541 analysis 534:541 analysis of monosaccharide composition 534:571 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 12 theme composition 561:571 arg1 chromatography 518:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 12 theme composition 561:571 arg1 spectroscopy 480:491 infrared spectroscopy 471:491 infrared spectroscopy 471:491 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 12 theme composition 561:571 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 600:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 600:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 2 13 theme anion 314:318 arg1 chromatography 329:342 strong anion exchange chromatography 307:342 strong anion exchange chromatography 307:342 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 1 14 from medicine 131:138 arg1 countries 148:156 many countries 143:156 many countries 143:156 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 1 15 theme Edible 74:79 arg1 medicine 131:138 medicine 131:138 medicine 131:138 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 1 15 theme Edible 74:79 arg1 snails 81:86 Edible snails 74:86 Edible snails 74:86 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 1 15 theme Edible 74:79 arg1 food 122:125 a health food 113:125 a health food 113:125 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 5 16 theme glycosidic 1006:1015 arg1 bonds 1017:1021 (1→6) glycosidic bonds 1000:1021 (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 1000:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 4 17 theme molecular 787:795 arg1 weight 797:802 its average molecular weight 775:802 its average molecular weight 775:802 Chemical composition analysis indicated that AF-1 is composed of glucose (Glc) and its average molecular weight is 1710kDa. 28212929 3 18 dep 1H 647:648 arg1 HMBC 685:688 HMBC 685:688 HMBC 685:688 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 18 dep 1H 647:648 arg1 13C 651:653 13C 651:653 13C 651:653 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 18 dep 1H 647:648 arg1 NOESY 669:673 NOESY 669:673 NOESY 669:673 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 18 dep 1H 647:648 arg1 HSQC 676:679 HSQC 676:679 HSQC 676:679 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 18 dep 1H 647:648 arg1 COSY 656:659 COSY 656:659 COSY 656:659 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 18 dep 1H 647:648 arg1 TOCSY 662:666 TOCSY 662:666 TOCSY 662:666 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 5 19 theme Structural 816:825 arg1 analysis 827:834 Structural analysis 816:834 Structural analysis 816:834 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 20 theme residues 933:940 arg1 backbone 898:905 a linear repeating backbone 879:905 a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 879:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 1 21 from food 122:125 arg1 countries 148:156 many countries 143:156 many countries 143:156 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 2 22 theme alcohol 281:287 arg1 precipitation 289:301 alcohol precipitation 281:301 alcohol precipitation 281:301 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 0 23 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica 0:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 4 24 theme Chemical 692:699 arg1 analysis 713:720 Chemical composition analysis 692:720 Chemical composition analysis 692:720 Chemical composition analysis indicated that AF-1 is composed of glucose (Glc) and its average molecular weight is 1710kDa. 28212929 3 25 theme instrumental 423:434 arg1 methods 436:442 chemical and instrumental methods 410:442 chemical and instrumental methods 410:442 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 25 theme instrumental 423:434 arg1 Fourier 453:459 Fourier 453:459 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 453:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 6 26 theme polysaccharide 1103:1116 arg1 activities 1085:1094 biological activities 1074:1094 biological activities of the polysaccharide 1074:1116 Further studies on biological activities of the polysaccharide are currently in progress. 28212929 5 27 attach attached 970:977 arg2 p 967:967 α-d-Glc p 959:967 α-d-Glc p 959:967 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 27 attach attached 970:977 arg1 chain 991:995 the main chain 982:995 the main chain 982:995 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 27 attach attached 970:977 arg2 branch 951:956 one branch 947:956 one branch 947:956 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 6 28 theme Further 1055:1061 arg1 studies 1063:1069 Further studies 1055:1069 Further studies on biological activities of the polysaccharide 1055:1116 Further studies on biological activities of the polysaccharide are currently in progress. 28212929 2 29 theme Achatina 242:249 arg1 fulica 251:256 Achatina fulica 242:256 Achatina fulica 242:256 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 5 30 theme main 986:989 arg1 chain 991:995 the main chain 982:995 the main chain 982:995 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 2 31 theme papain 261:266 arg1 enzymolysis 268:278 papain enzymolysis 261:278 papain enzymolysis 261:278 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 6 32 from studies 1063:1069 arg1 activities 1085:1094 biological activities 1074:1094 biological activities of the polysaccharide 1074:1116 Further studies on biological activities of the polysaccharide are currently in progress. 28212929 0 33 theme polysaccharide 37:50 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica 0:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 3 34 theme high 494:497 arg1 chromatography 518:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 35 theme magnetic 608:615 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 600:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 600:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 0 36 theme homogeneous 25:35 arg1 polysaccharide 37:50 a homogeneous polysaccharide 23:50 a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica 23:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 3 37 theme chemical 410:417 arg1 methods 436:442 chemical and instrumental methods 410:442 chemical and instrumental methods 410:442 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 37 theme chemical 410:417 arg1 Fourier 453:459 Fourier 453:459 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 453:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 38 theme resonance 617:625 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 600:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 600:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 39 dep spectroscopy 633:644 arg1 1H 647:648 1H 647:648 1H 647:648 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 0 40 theme Achatina 57:64 arg1 fulica 66:71 Achatina fulica 57:71 Achatina fulica 57:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 0 41 from fulica 66:71 arg1 polysaccharide 37:50 a homogeneous polysaccharide 23:50 a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica 23:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 0 41 from fulica 66:71 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica 0:71 Structural analysis of a homogeneous polysaccharide from Achatina fulica. 28212929 4 42 theme average 779:785 arg1 weight 797:802 its average molecular weight 775:802 its average molecular weight 775:802 Chemical composition analysis indicated that AF-1 is composed of glucose (Glc) and its average molecular weight is 1710kDa. 28212929 1 43 used used 105:108 arg2 food 122:125 a health food 113:125 a health food 113:125 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 1 43 used used 105:108 arg2 medicine 131:138 medicine 131:138 medicine 131:138 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 1 43 used used 105:108 arg2 snails 81:86 Edible snails 74:86 Edible snails 74:86 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 2 44 theme water-soluble 175:187 arg1 AF-1 205:208 AF-1 205:208 AF-1 205:208 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 2 44 theme water-soluble 175:187 arg1 polysaccharide 189:202 a water-soluble polysaccharide 173:202 a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) 173:209 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 3 45 theme nuclear 600:606 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 600:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 600:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 3 46 theme liquid 511:516 arg1 chromatography 518:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 high performance liquid chromatography 494:531 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 2 47 theme strong 307:312 arg1 chromatography 329:342 strong anion exchange chromatography 307:342 strong anion exchange chromatography 307:342 In our study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (AF-1) was isolated and purified from Achatina fulica by papain enzymolysis, alcohol precipitation and strong anion exchange chromatography. 28212929 5 48 theme p 931:931 arg1 residues 933:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues 910:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 910:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 1 49 theme health 115:120 arg1 food 122:125 a health food 113:125 a health food 113:125 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 1 49 theme health 115:120 arg1 snails 81:86 Edible snails 74:86 Edible snails 74:86 Edible snails have been widely used as a health food and medicine in many countries. 28212929 5 50 theme α-d-Glc 923:929 arg1 residues 933:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues 910:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 910:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 51 theme 1→4 911:913 arg1 residues 933:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues 910:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 910:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 5 52 theme linear 881:886 arg1 backbone 898:905 a linear repeating backbone 879:905 a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 879:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 3 53 theme infrared 471:478 arg1 spectroscopy 480:491 infrared spectroscopy 471:491 infrared spectroscopy 471:491 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 5 54 theme linked 916:921 arg1 residues 933:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues 910:940 (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 910:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 28212929 3 55 dep Fourier 453:459 arg1 transform 461:469 transform 461:469 transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 461:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 6 56 theme biological 1074:1083 arg1 activities 1085:1094 biological activities 1074:1094 biological activities of the polysaccharide 1074:1116 Further studies on biological activities of the polysaccharide are currently in progress. 28212929 3 57 theme NMR 628:630 arg1 spectroscopy 633:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 600:644 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC) 600:689 Structureof the polysaccharide was analyzed and characterized by chemical and instrumental methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography, analysis of monosaccharide composition, methylation analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC). 28212929 5 58 from units 1048:1052 arg1 bonds 1017:1021 (1→6) glycosidic bonds 1000:1021 (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units 1000:1052 Structural analysis suggested that AF-1 is mainly consisted of a linear repeating backbone of (1→4) linked α-d-Glc p residues with one branch, α-d-Glc p, attached to the main chain by (1→6) glycosidic bonds at every five main-chain units. 25092905 4 0 gly glycosites 861:870 arg2 glycosites 861:870 glycosites 861:870 glycosites 861:870 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 4 0 gly glycosites 861:870 arg2 proteins 851:858 proteins 851:858 proteins (glycosites) 851:871 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 7 1 gly O-glycosites 1333:1344 arg2 O-glycoproteins 1311:1325 738 O-glycoproteins 1307:1325 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes 1307:1376 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 7 1 gly O-glycosites 1333:1344 arg2 O-glycosites 1333:1344 1548 O-glycosites 1328:1344 1548 O-glycosites 1328:1344 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 1 2 theme major 131:135 arg1 factory 147:153 the major host cell factory 127:153 the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics 127:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 2 theme major 131:135 arg1 ovary 107:111 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 3 3 gly O-glycosylation 545:559 arg1 proteins 564:571 proteins 564:571 proteins 564:571 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 1 4 theme host 137:140 arg1 factory 147:153 the major host cell factory 127:153 the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics 127:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 4 theme host 137:140 arg1 ovary 107:111 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 5 theme human-like 235:244 arg1 features 261:268 its "human-like" glycosylation features 230:268 its "human-like" glycosylation features 230:268 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 4 6 gly glycoproteins 733:745 arg1 glycoproteins 733:745 glycoproteins 733:745 glycoproteins 733:745 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 7 7 theme cell 1350:1353 arg1 lysates 1355:1361 cell lysates 1350:1361 cell lysates 1350:1361 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 4 8 theme GalNAc-type 826:836 arg1 O-glycans 838:846 GalNAc-type O-glycans 826:846 GalNAc-type O-glycans 826:846 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 6 9 theme lectin 1211:1216 arg1 enrichment 1218:1227 lectin enrichment 1211:1227 lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome 1211:1290 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 4 10 from biosynthesis 678:689 arg1 glycoproteins 733:745 glycoproteins 733:745 glycoproteins 733:745 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 1 11 theme " 245:245 arg1 features 261:268 its "human-like" glycosylation features 230:268 its "human-like" glycosylation features 230:268 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 5 12 theme glycosylation 951:963 arg1 forms 942:946 the most abundant forms 924:946 the most abundant forms of glycosylation 924:963 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 4 13 theme structures 701:710 arg1 biosynthesis 678:689 biosynthesis 678:689 biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins 678:745 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 1 14 theme glycosylation 247:259 arg1 features 261:268 its "human-like" glycosylation features 230:268 its "human-like" glycosylation features 230:268 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 7 15 dep CHO 1457:1459 arg1 http 1462:1465 http 1462:1465 http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/ 1462:1503 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 6 16 theme O-glycoproteome 1276:1290 arg1 characterization 1252:1267 characterization 1252:1267 characterization 1252:1267 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 6 16 theme O-glycoproteome 1276:1290 arg1 O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 7 17 theme CHO 1457:1459 arg1 capacity 1445:1452 the O-glycosylation capacity 1425:1452 the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/) 1425:1504 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 1 18 theme cell 142:145 arg1 factory 147:153 the major host cell factory 127:153 the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics 127:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 18 theme cell 142:145 arg1 ovary 107:111 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 2 19 theme several 301:307 arg1 therapeutics 324:335 several O-glycoprotein therapeutics 301:335 several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO 301:495 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 19 theme several 301:307 arg1 proteins 421:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 19 theme several 301:307 arg1 factors 375:381 coagulation factors 363:381 coagulation factors 363:381 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 19 theme several 301:307 arg1 erythropoietin 347:360 erythropoietin 347:360 erythropoietin 347:360 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 19 theme several 301:307 arg1 produced 469:476 produced 469:476 are not produced efficiently in CHO 461:495 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 20 theme chimeric 388:395 arg1 proteins 421:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 0 21 theme GalNAc-type 4:14 arg1 O-Glycoproteome 16:30 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome 0:30 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome of CHO cells 0:43 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome of CHO cells characterized by the SimpleCell strategy. 25092905 6 22 theme truncated 1153:1161 arg1 O-glycans 1163:1171 homogeneous truncated O-glycans 1141:1171 homogeneous truncated O-glycans 1141:1171 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 6 22 theme truncated 1153:1161 arg1 SimpleCells 1184:1194 so-called SimpleCells 1174:1194 so-called SimpleCells 1174:1194 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 6 23 theme characterization 1252:1267 arg1 enrichment 1218:1227 lectin enrichment 1211:1227 lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome 1211:1290 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 1 24 theme Chinese 91:97 arg1 factory 147:153 the major host cell factory 127:153 the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics 127:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 24 theme Chinese 91:97 arg1 ovary 107:111 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 25 theme recombinant 159:169 arg1 production 171:180 recombinant production 159:180 recombinant production of biological therapeutics 159:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 7 26 theme first 1392:1396 arg1 insight 1412:1418 the first comprehensive insight 1388:1418 the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/) 1388:1504 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 1 27 theme hamster 99:105 arg1 factory 147:153 the major host cell factory 127:153 the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics 127:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 27 theme hamster 99:105 arg1 ovary 107:111 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 7 28 gly O-glycoproteins 1311:1325 arg1 O-glycoproteins 1311:1325 738 O-glycoproteins 1307:1325 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes 1307:1376 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 7 28 gly O-glycoproteins 1311:1325 arg1 O-glycosites 1333:1344 1548 O-glycosites 1328:1344 1548 O-glycosites 1328:1344 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 6 29 theme homogeneous 1141:1151 arg1 O-glycans 1163:1171 homogeneous truncated O-glycans 1141:1171 homogeneous truncated O-glycans 1141:1171 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 6 29 theme homogeneous 1141:1151 arg1 SimpleCells 1184:1194 so-called SimpleCells 1174:1194 so-called SimpleCells 1174:1194 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 5 30 theme homologous 1039:1048 arg1 GalNAc-transferases 1062:1080 homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 1039:1080 homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 1039:1080 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 4 31 theme glycan 694:699 arg1 glycostructures 713:727 glycostructures 713:727 glycostructures 713:727 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 4 31 theme glycan 694:699 arg1 structures 701:710 glycan structures 694:710 glycan structures (glycostructures) 694:728 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 0 32 theme cells 39:43 arg1 O-Glycoproteome 16:30 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome 0:30 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome of CHO cells 0:43 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome of CHO cells characterized by the SimpleCell strategy. 25092905 6 33 theme CHO 1120:1122 arg1 cells 1124:1128 CHO cells 1120:1128 CHO cells 1120:1128 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 5 34 theme polypeptide 1050:1060 arg1 GalNAc-transferases 1062:1080 homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 1039:1080 homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 1039:1080 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 3 35 from production 607:616 arg1 CHO 640:642 CHO 640:642 CHO 640:642 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 1 36 theme biological 185:194 arg1 therapeutics 196:207 biological therapeutics 185:207 biological therapeutics 185:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 2 37 theme receptor 397:404 arg1 proteins 421:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 0 38 theme CHO 35:37 arg1 cells 39:43 CHO cells 35:43 CHO cells 35:43 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome of CHO cells characterized by the SimpleCell strategy. 25092905 5 39 theme GalNAc-transferases 1062:1080 arg1 subset 1029:1034 a subset 1027:1034 a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 1027:1080 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 4 40 theme cells 806:810 arg1 capacity 790:797 the capacity 786:797 the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) 786:871 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 7 41 from O-glycoproteins 1311:1325 arg1 secretomes 1367:1376 secretomes 1367:1376 secretomes 1367:1376 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 7 41 from O-glycoproteins 1311:1325 arg1 lysates 1355:1361 cell lysates 1350:1361 cell lysates 1350:1361 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 1 42 theme therapeutics 196:207 arg1 production 171:180 recombinant production 159:180 recombinant production of biological therapeutics 159:207 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 6 43 gly O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 arg1 O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 3 44 theme limiting 584:591 arg1 capacity 532:539 the capacity 528:539 the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins 528:571 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 3 44 theme limiting 584:591 arg1 parameter 593:601 one limiting parameter 580:601 one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO 580:642 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 5 45 theme O-glycosylation 898:912 arg1 type 890:893 This type 885:893 This type of O-glycosylation 885:912 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 5 46 theme abundant 933:940 arg1 forms 942:946 the most abundant forms 924:946 the most abundant forms of glycosylation 924:963 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 6 47 theme so-called 1174:1182 arg1 O-glycans 1163:1171 homogeneous truncated O-glycans 1141:1171 homogeneous truncated O-glycans 1141:1171 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 6 47 theme so-called 1174:1182 arg1 SimpleCells 1184:1194 so-called SimpleCells 1174:1194 so-called SimpleCells 1174:1194 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 7 48 dep http 1462:1465 arg1 //glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/ 1467:1503 //glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/ 1467:1503 http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/ 1462:1503 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 7 49 theme comprehensive 1398:1410 arg1 insight 1412:1418 the first comprehensive insight 1388:1418 the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/) 1388:1504 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 2 50 theme therapeutics 324:335 arg1 production 287:296 production 287:296 production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO 287:495 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 51 used used 278:281 arg2 CHO 271:273 CHO 271:273 CHO 271:273 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 3 52 theme proteins 628:635 arg1 production 607:616 production 607:616 production of active proteins in CHO 607:642 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 2 53 gly O-glycoproteins 445:459 arg1 O-glycoproteins 445:459 some O-glycoproteins 440:459 some O-glycoproteins 440:459 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 6 54 theme O-glycoproteins 1232:1246 arg1 enrichment 1218:1227 lectin enrichment 1211:1227 lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome 1211:1290 Here, we have genetically engineered CHO cells to produce homogeneous truncated O-glycans, so-called SimpleCells, which enabled lectin enrichment of O-glycoproteins and characterization of the O-glycoproteome. 25092905 2 55 theme O-glycoprotein 309:322 arg1 therapeutics 324:335 several O-glycoprotein therapeutics 301:335 several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO 301:495 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 55 theme O-glycoprotein 309:322 arg1 proteins 421:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 55 theme O-glycoprotein 309:322 arg1 factors 375:381 coagulation factors 363:381 coagulation factors 363:381 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 55 theme O-glycoprotein 309:322 arg1 erythropoietin 347:360 erythropoietin 347:360 erythropoietin 347:360 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 2 55 theme O-glycoprotein 309:322 arg1 produced 469:476 produced 469:476 are not produced efficiently in CHO 461:495 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 3 56 theme proteins 564:571 arg1 O-glycosylation 545:559 O-glycosylation 545:559 O-glycosylation of proteins 545:571 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 7 57 theme O-glycosylation 1429:1443 arg1 capacity 1445:1452 the O-glycosylation capacity 1425:1452 the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/) 1425:1504 We identified 738 O-glycoproteins (1548 O-glycosites) in cell lysates and secretomes providing the first comprehensive insight into the O-glycosylation capacity of CHO (http://glycomics.ku.dk/o-glycoproteome_db/). 25092905 2 58 gly O-glycoprotein 309:322 arg1 O-glycoprotein 309:322 several O-glycoprotein therapeutics 301:335 several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO 301:495 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 5 59 theme subset 1029:1034 arg1 expression 1013:1022 expression 1013:1022 expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases 1013:1080 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 1 60 dep ovary 107:111 arg1 CHO 119:121 CHO 119:121 CHO 119:121 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 1 60 dep ovary 107:111 arg1 cell 113:116 cell 113:116 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) 87:122 The Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) is the major host cell factory for recombinant production of biological therapeutics primarily because of its "human-like" glycosylation features. 25092905 4 61 theme capacity 790:797 arg1 knowledge 773:781 our knowledge 769:781 our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) 769:871 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 0 62 theme SimpleCell 66:75 arg1 strategy 77:84 the SimpleCell strategy 62:84 the SimpleCell strategy 62:84 The GalNAc-type O-Glycoproteome of CHO cells characterized by the SimpleCell strategy. 25092905 2 63 theme IgG1-Fc-fusion 406:419 arg1 proteins 421:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins 388:428 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25092905 4 64 theme CHO 802:804 arg1 cells 806:810 CHO cells 802:810 CHO cells 802:810 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 5 65 theme forms 942:946 arg1 forms 942:946 the most abundant forms 924:946 the most abundant forms of glycosylation 924:963 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 5 65 theme forms 942:946 arg1 one 917:919 one 917:919 one 917:919 This type of O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant forms of glycosylation, and it is differentially regulated in cells by expression of a subset of homologous polypeptide GalNAc-transferases. 25092905 4 66 theme CHO 670:672 arg1 capacity 658:665 the capacity 654:665 the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins 654:745 Although the capacity of CHO for biosynthesis of glycan structures (glycostructures) on glycoproteins are well established, our knowledge of the capacity of CHO cells for attaching GalNAc-type O-glycans to proteins (glycosites) is minimal. 25092905 3 67 theme active 621:626 arg1 proteins 628:635 active proteins 621:635 active proteins 621:635 We have previously shown that the capacity for O-glycosylation of proteins can be one limiting parameter for production of active proteins in CHO. 25092905 2 68 theme coagulation 363:373 arg1 factors 375:381 coagulation factors 363:381 coagulation factors 363:381 CHO is used for production of several O-glycoprotein therapeutics including erythropoietin, coagulation factors, and chimeric receptor IgG1-Fc-fusion proteins, however, some O-glycoproteins are not produced efficiently in CHO. 25256508 8 0 theme PSB1-1 1084:1089 arg1 performance 1069:1079 The performance 1065:1079 The performance of PSB1-1 on industrial wastewater 1065:1114 The performance of PSB1-1 on industrial wastewater was also satisfactory. 25256508 8 0 theme PSB1-1 1084:1089 arg1 satisfactory 1125:1136 satisfactory 1125:1136 satisfactory 1125:1136 The performance of PSB1-1 on industrial wastewater was also satisfactory. 25256508 3 1 theme FT-IR 476:480 arg1 spectrometry 482:493 FT-IR spectrometry 476:493 FT-IR spectrometry 476:493 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 6 2 from activities 870:879 arg1 suspensions 907:917 the kaolin suspensions 896:917 the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9 896:927 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 3 theme flocculating 857:868 arg1 % 890:890 above 97% 882:890 above 97% 882:890 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 3 theme flocculating 857:868 arg1 activities 870:879 high flocculating activities 852:879 high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9 852:927 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 4 theme flocculating 784:795 arg1 activities 797:806 high flocculating activities 779:806 high flocculating activities (above 94%) 779:818 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 4 theme flocculating 784:795 arg1 % 817:817 above 94% 809:817 above 94% 809:817 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 1 5 dep production 115:124 arg1 The 111:113 The 111:113 The 111:113 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 8 6 theme industrial 1094:1103 arg1 wastewater 1105:1114 industrial wastewater 1094:1114 industrial wastewater 1094:1114 The performance of PSB1-1 on industrial wastewater was also satisfactory. 25256508 6 7 theme high 852:855 arg1 % 890:890 above 97% 882:890 above 97% 882:890 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 7 theme high 852:855 arg1 activities 870:879 high flocculating activities 852:879 high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9 852:927 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 7 8 theme metal 1034:1038 arg1 medium 1057:1062 metal ion-supplemented medium 1034:1062 metal ion-supplemented medium 1034:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 6 9 theme high 779:782 arg1 activities 797:806 high flocculating activities 779:806 high flocculating activities (above 94%) 779:818 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 9 theme high 779:782 arg1 % 817:817 above 94% 809:817 above 94% 809:817 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 2 10 dep × 420:420 arg1 Da 458:459 Da 458:459 Da 458:459 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 2 11 theme different 345:353 arg1 composition 370:380 different monosaccharide composition 345:380 different monosaccharide composition 345:380 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 6 12 theme pH 922:923 arg1 suspensions 907:917 the kaolin suspensions 896:917 the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9 896:927 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 3 13 theme carboxyl 531:538 arg1 groups 554:559 hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups 521:559 groups 554:559 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 7 14 theme ion-supplemented 1040:1055 arg1 medium 1057:1062 metal ion-supplemented medium 1034:1062 metal ion-supplemented medium 1034:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 7 15 theme supernatant 1017:1027 arg1 activity 1001:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity 975:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium 975:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 1 16 theme mucilaginosus 206:218 arg1 GIM1.16 220:226 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 192:226 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 192:226 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 4 17 theme linear 633:638 arg1 structure 640:648 linear structure 633:648 linear structure 633:648 Scanning electron microscopy showed that they had linear structure. 25256508 3 18 theme phosphate 544:552 arg1 groups 554:559 hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups 521:559 groups 554:559 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 3 19 theme groups 554:559 arg1 presence 509:516 the presence 505:516 the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples 505:580 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 1 20 theme metal 231:235 arg1 medium 254:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 6 21 theme kaolin 900:905 arg1 suspensions 907:917 the kaolin suspensions 896:917 the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9 896:927 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 7 22 theme flocculating 988:999 arg1 activity 1001:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity 975:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium 975:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 6 23 theme best 751:754 arg1 performance 756:766 the best performance 747:766 the best performance 747:766 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 2 24 theme monosaccharide 355:368 arg1 composition 370:380 different monosaccharide composition 345:380 different monosaccharide composition 345:380 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 1 25 theme ion-supplemented 237:252 arg1 medium 254:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 5 26 theme wastewater 682:691 arg1 treatment 693:701 wastewater treatment 682:701 wastewater treatment 682:701 The potential of these PSBs on wastewater treatment was evaluated. 25256508 1 27 theme Paenibacillus 192:204 arg1 GIM1.16 220:226 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 192:226 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 192:226 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 2 28 contain possessed 335:343 arg1 PSB3-1 328:333 PSB3-1 328:333 PSB3-1 328:333 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 2 28 contain possessed 335:343 arg1 PSB2-1 317:322 PSB2-1 317:322 PSB2-1 317:322 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 2 28 contain possessed 335:343 arg2 composition 370:380 different monosaccharide composition 345:380 different monosaccharide composition 345:380 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 2 28 contain possessed 335:343 arg1 PSB1-1 309:314 PSB1-1 309:314 Three purified PSB1-1 294:314 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 4 29 contain had 629:631 arg1 they 624:627 they 624:627 they 624:627 Scanning electron microscopy showed that they had linear structure. 25256508 4 29 contain had 629:631 arg2 structure 640:648 linear structure 633:648 linear structure 633:648 Scanning electron microscopy showed that they had linear structure. 25256508 3 30 attach presence 509:516 arg2 groups 554:559 hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups 521:559 groups 554:559 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 3 30 attach presence 509:516 arg1 samples 574:580 the three samples 564:580 the three samples 564:580 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 7 31 theme enhanced 979:986 arg1 activity 1001:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity 975:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium 975:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 8 32 from performance 1069:1079 arg1 wastewater 1105:1114 industrial wastewater 1094:1114 industrial wastewater 1094:1114 The performance of PSB1-1 on industrial wastewater was also satisfactory. 25256508 1 33 theme basal 265:269 arg1 medium 271:276 basal medium 265:276 basal medium 265:276 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 0 34 theme bioflocculant 65:77 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 Production, purification and application of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. 25256508 0 34 theme bioflocculant 65:77 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production, purification and application of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. 25256508 0 34 theme bioflocculant 65:77 arg1 application 29:39 application 29:39 application 29:39 Production, purification and application of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. 25256508 7 35 theme key 945:947 arg1 factor 949:954 the key factor 941:954 the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium 941:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 7 35 theme key 945:947 arg1 PSB1-1 930:935 PSB1-1 930:935 PSB1-1 930:935 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 0 36 theme polysaccharide-based 44:63 arg1 bioflocculant 65:77 polysaccharide-based bioflocculant 44:77 polysaccharide-based bioflocculant 44:77 Production, purification and application of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. 25256508 7 37 from medium 1057:1062 arg1 activity 1001:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity 975:1008 the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium 975:1062 PSB1-1 was the key factor that might explain the enhanced flocculating activity of the supernatant from metal ion-supplemented medium. 25256508 1 38 theme polysaccharide-based 146:165 arg1 bioflocculants 167:180 polysaccharide-based bioflocculants 146:180 polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) 146:187 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 1 38 theme polysaccharide-based 146:165 arg1 PSBs 183:186 PSBs 183:186 PSBs 183:186 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 9 39 theme good 1157:1160 arg1 candidate 1162:1170 a good candidate 1155:1170 a good candidate as bioflocculant 1155:1187 PSB1-1 might be a good candidate as bioflocculant. 25256508 9 39 theme good 1157:1160 arg1 PSB1-1 1139:1144 PSB1-1 1139:1144 PSB1-1 1139:1144 PSB1-1 might be a good candidate as bioflocculant. 25256508 1 40 theme bioflocculants 167:180 arg1 production 115:124 production 115:124 production 115:124 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 1 40 theme bioflocculants 167:180 arg1 purification 130:141 purification 130:141 purification 130:141 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 1 41 from purification 130:141 arg1 medium 254:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 1 41 from purification 130:141 arg1 medium 271:276 basal medium 265:276 basal medium 265:276 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 4 42 theme Scanning 583:590 arg1 microscopy 601:610 Scanning electron microscopy 583:610 Scanning electron microscopy 583:610 Scanning electron microscopy showed that they had linear structure. 25256508 5 43 theme PSBs 674:677 arg1 potential 655:663 The potential 651:663 The potential of these PSBs on wastewater treatment 651:701 The potential of these PSBs on wastewater treatment was evaluated. 25256508 3 44 theme hydroxyl 521:528 arg1 groups 554:559 hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups 521:559 groups 554:559 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 2 45 theme molecular 392:400 arg1 weights 402:408 their molecular weights 386:408 their molecular weights 386:408 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 0 46 theme Paenibacillus 82:94 arg1 mucilaginosus 96:108 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 82:108 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus 82:108 Production, purification and application of polysaccharide-based bioflocculant by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus. 25256508 2 47 theme purified 300:307 arg1 PSB1-1 309:314 PSB1-1 309:314 Three purified PSB1-1 294:314 Three purified PSB1-1, PSB2-1 and PSB3-1 possessed different monosaccharide composition and their molecular weights were 2.53 × 10(6), 7.77 × 10(6) and 13.2 × 10(6)Da, respectively. 25256508 1 48 from production 115:124 arg1 medium 254:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 metal ion-supplemented medium 231:259 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 1 48 from production 115:124 arg1 medium 271:276 basal medium 265:276 basal medium 265:276 The production and purification of polysaccharide-based bioflocculants (PSBs) by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus GIM1.16 in metal ion-supplemented medium and basal medium were evaluated. 25256508 5 49 from potential 655:663 arg1 treatment 693:701 wastewater treatment 682:701 wastewater treatment 682:701 The potential of these PSBs on wastewater treatment was evaluated. 25256508 6 50 contain had 775:777 arg2 activities 797:806 high flocculating activities 779:806 high flocculating activities (above 94%) 779:818 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 50 contain had 775:777 arg2 % 817:817 above 94% 809:817 above 94% 809:817 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 6 50 contain had 775:777 arg1 it 772:773 it 772:773 it 772:773 Among them, PSB1-1 exhibited the best performance, as it had high flocculating activities (above 94%) at 0.5-4 mg/L and could achieve high flocculating activities (above 97%) in the kaolin suspensions of pH 3-9. 25256508 3 51 from presence 509:516 arg1 samples 574:580 the three samples 564:580 the three samples 564:580 FT-IR spectrometry indicated the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and phosphate groups in the three samples. 25256508 4 52 theme electron 592:599 arg1 microscopy 601:610 Scanning electron microscopy 583:610 Scanning electron microscopy 583:610 Scanning electron microscopy showed that they had linear structure. 25630464 4 0 theme zeta 951:954 arg1 measurements 966:977 zeta potential measurements 951:977 zeta potential measurements 951:977 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 1 theme mechanical 849:858 arg1 properties 860:869 mechanical properties 849:869 mechanical properties of these smart microgels 849:894 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 2 2 theme elevated 381:388 arg1 temperature 390:400 elevated temperature 381:400 elevated temperature during spray drying 381:420 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 3 3 theme μm 546:547 arg1 range 531:535 an average size range 515:535 an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm 515:547 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 1 4 theme microgels 178:186 arg1 fabrication 163:173 green fabrication 157:173 green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility 157:245 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 3 5 theme functional 656:665 arg1 additives 667:675 functional additives 656:675 functional additives 656:675 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 5 theme functional 656:665 arg1 poly 601:604 poly 601:604 poly(acrylic acid) 601:618 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 5 theme functional 656:665 arg1 iron 648:651 iron 648:651 iron 648:651 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 5 theme functional 656:665 arg1 pentamer 629:636 aniline pentamer 621:636 aniline pentamer (AP) 621:641 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 5 theme functional 656:665 arg1 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan 557:583 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan 557:583 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix 557:595 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 4 6 theme nanomechanical 1012:1025 arg1 mapping 1027:1033 quantitative nanomechanical mapping 999:1033 quantitative nanomechanical mapping 999:1033 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 1 7 theme stimuli-responsive 275:292 arg1 SRHMGs 319:324 SRHMGs 319:324 SRHMGs 319:324 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 1 7 theme stimuli-responsive 275:292 arg1 microgels 308:316 stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels 275:316 stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs) 275:325 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 5 8 theme oxidation 1060:1068 arg1 states 1070:1075 Different oxidation states 1050:1075 Different oxidation states 1050:1075 Different oxidation states were observed when AP was introduced, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. 25630464 1 9 with fabrication 163:173 arg1 compatibility 233:245 good blood compatibility 222:245 good blood compatibility 222:245 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 1 9 with fabrication 163:173 arg1 response 209:216 a rapid stimuli response 193:216 a rapid stimuli response 193:216 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 6 10 theme blood 1249:1253 arg1 compatibility 1255:1267 good blood compatibility 1244:1267 good blood compatibility 1244:1267 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 0 11 theme In 0:1 arg1 cross-linking 8:20 In situ cross-linking 0:20 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose 0:56 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. 25630464 1 12 theme hemicellulose 294:306 arg1 SRHMGs 319:324 SRHMGs 319:324 SRHMGs 319:324 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 1 12 theme hemicellulose 294:306 arg1 microgels 308:316 stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels 275:316 stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs) 275:325 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 4 13 theme scanning 917:924 arg1 microscopy 935:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 6 14 theme good 1244:1247 arg1 compatibility 1255:1267 good blood compatibility 1244:1267 good blood compatibility 1244:1267 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 5 15 theme Different 1050:1058 arg1 states 1070:1075 Different oxidation states 1050:1075 Different oxidation states 1050:1075 Different oxidation states were observed when AP was introduced, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. 25630464 3 16 from changes 711:717 arg1 pH 722:723 pH 722:723 pH 722:723 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 16 from changes 711:717 arg1 stimuli 742:748 electrochemical stimuli 726:748 electrochemical stimuli 726:748 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 16 from changes 711:717 arg1 field 760:764 magnetic field 751:764 magnetic field 751:764 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 16 from changes 711:717 arg1 dual-stimuli 770:781 dual-stimuli 770:781 dual-stimuli 770:781 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 1 17 theme Chemical 89:96 arg1 cross-linking 98:110 Chemical cross-linking 89:110 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying 89:130 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 7 18 theme new 1325:1327 arg1 route 1329:1333 a new route 1323:1333 a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications 1323:1398 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications. 25630464 4 19 theme pH 980:981 arg1 evaluation 983:992 pH evaluation 980:992 pH evaluation 980:992 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 3 20 with SRHMGs 503:508 arg1 range 531:535 an average size range 515:535 an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm 515:547 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 1 21 theme rapid 195:199 arg1 response 209:216 a rapid stimuli response 193:216 a rapid stimuli response 193:216 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 2 22 theme large 465:469 arg1 scale 471:475 a large scale 463:475 a large scale 463:475 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 5 23 theme UV 1131:1132 arg1 spectroscopy 1134:1145 UV spectroscopy 1131:1145 UV spectroscopy 1131:1145 Different oxidation states were observed when AP was introduced, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. 25630464 4 24 theme chemical 810:817 arg1 compositions 819:830 chemical compositions 810:830 chemical compositions 810:830 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 2 25 theme cross-linking 332:344 arg1 reaction 346:353 The cross-linking reaction 328:353 The cross-linking reaction 328:353 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 2 26 theme spray 409:413 arg1 drying 415:420 spray drying 409:420 spray drying 409:420 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 additives 667:675 functional additives 656:675 functional additives 656:675 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 iron 648:651 iron 648:651 iron 648:651 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg1 SRHMGs 503:508 The SRHMGs 499:508 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm 499:547 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan 557:583 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan 557:583 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix 557:595 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 pentamer 629:636 aniline pentamer 621:636 aniline pentamer (AP) 621:641 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 poly 601:604 poly 601:604 poly(acrylic acid) 601:618 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 acid 614:617 acrylic acid 606:617 acrylic acid 606:617 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 27 contain contain 549:555 arg2 AP 639:640 AP 639:640 AP 639:640 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 7 28 theme smart 1356:1360 arg1 microgels 1362:1370 smart microgels 1356:1370 smart microgels 1356:1370 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications. 25630464 1 29 theme spray 119:123 arg1 drying 125:130 spray drying 119:130 spray drying 119:130 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 2 30 theme microgels 450:458 arg1 production 436:445 the production 432:445 the production of microgels in a large scale 432:475 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 3 31 theme external 702:709 arg1 changes 711:717 external changes 702:717 external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli 702:781 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 4 32 theme smart 880:884 arg1 microgels 886:894 these smart microgels 874:894 these smart microgels 874:894 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 3 33 theme average 518:524 arg1 range 531:535 an average size range 515:535 an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm 515:547 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 6 34 contain have 1239:1242 arg2 compatibility 1255:1267 good blood compatibility 1244:1267 good blood compatibility 1244:1267 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 6 34 contain have 1239:1242 arg1 SRHMGs 1232:1237 the SRHMGs 1228:1237 the SRHMGs 1228:1237 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 3 35 theme size 526:529 arg1 range 531:535 an average size range 515:535 an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm 515:547 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 0 36 theme hemicellulose 44:56 arg1 cross-linking 8:20 In situ cross-linking 0:20 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose 0:56 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. 25630464 5 37 theme cyclic 1151:1156 arg1 voltammetry 1158:1168 cyclic voltammetry 1151:1168 cyclic voltammetry 1151:1168 Different oxidation states were observed when AP was introduced, as confirmed by UV spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. 25630464 4 38 theme microgels 886:894 arg1 compositions 819:830 chemical compositions 810:830 chemical compositions 810:830 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 38 theme microgels 886:894 arg1 charge 833:838 charge 833:838 charge 833:838 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 38 theme microgels 886:894 arg1 morphologies 796:807 The surface morphologies 784:807 The surface morphologies 784:807 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 38 theme microgels 886:894 arg1 properties 860:869 mechanical properties 849:869 mechanical properties of these smart microgels 849:894 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 38 theme microgels 886:894 arg1 pH 841:842 pH 841:842 pH 841:842 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 7 39 theme bottom-up 1275:1283 arg1 strategy 1285:1292 This bottom-up strategy 1270:1292 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs 1270:1313 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications. 25630464 7 40 theme microgels 1362:1370 arg1 production 1342:1351 the production 1338:1351 the production of smart microgels 1338:1370 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications. 25630464 1 41 theme stimuli 201:207 arg1 response 209:216 a rapid stimuli response 193:216 a rapid stimuli response 193:216 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 1 42 theme good 222:225 arg1 compatibility 233:245 good blood compatibility 222:245 good blood compatibility 222:245 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 0 43 theme stimuli-responsive 25:42 arg1 hemicellulose 44:56 stimuli-responsive hemicellulose 25:56 stimuli-responsive hemicellulose 25:56 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. 25630464 2 44 theme few 486:488 arg1 minutes 490:496 a few minutes 484:496 a few minutes 484:496 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 3 45 theme aniline 621:627 arg1 poly 601:604 poly 601:604 poly(acrylic acid) 601:618 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 45 theme aniline 621:627 arg1 pentamer 629:636 aniline pentamer 621:636 aniline pentamer (AP) 621:641 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 45 theme aniline 621:627 arg1 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan 557:583 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan 557:583 O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix 557:595 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 45 theme aniline 621:627 arg1 AP 639:640 AP 639:640 AP 639:640 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 45 theme aniline 621:627 arg1 additives 667:675 functional additives 656:675 functional additives 656:675 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 45 theme aniline 621:627 arg1 iron 648:651 iron 648:651 iron 648:651 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 1 46 theme blood 227:231 arg1 compatibility 233:245 good blood compatibility 222:245 good blood compatibility 222:245 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 4 47 theme electron 926:933 arg1 microscopy 935:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 scanning electron microscopy 917:944 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 48 theme surface 788:794 arg1 morphologies 796:807 The surface morphologies 784:807 The surface morphologies 784:807 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 4 49 theme potential 956:964 arg1 measurements 966:977 zeta potential measurements 951:977 zeta potential measurements 951:977 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 25630464 6 50 theme compatibility 1188:1200 arg1 evaluations 1202:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations 1171:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations 1171:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 3 51 theme electrochemical 726:740 arg1 stimuli 742:748 electrochemical stimuli 726:748 electrochemical stimuli 726:748 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 6 52 theme blood 1182:1186 arg1 evaluations 1202:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations 1171:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations 1171:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 7 53 theme biomedical 1376:1385 arg1 applications 1387:1398 biomedical applications 1376:1398 biomedical applications 1376:1398 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications. 25630464 3 54 theme ∼ 540:540 arg1 μm 546:547 ∼ 1-4 μm 540:547 ∼ 1-4 μm 540:547 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 6 55 theme Systematic 1171:1180 arg1 evaluations 1202:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations 1171:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations 1171:1212 Systematic blood compatibility evaluations revealed that the SRHMGs have good blood compatibility. 25630464 2 56 from production 436:445 arg1 scale 471:475 a large scale 463:475 a large scale 463:475 The cross-linking reaction occurs rapidly in situ at elevated temperature during spray drying, enabling the production of microgels in a large scale within a few minutes. 25630464 7 57 dep strategy 1285:1292 arg1 synthesize 1297:1306 synthesize 1297:1306 to synthesize SRHMGs 1294:1313 This bottom-up strategy to synthesize SRHMGs enables a new route to the production of smart microgels for biomedical applications. 25630464 3 58 theme acrylic 606:612 arg1 poly 601:604 poly 601:604 poly(acrylic acid) 601:618 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 3 58 theme acrylic 606:612 arg1 acid 614:617 acrylic acid 606:617 acrylic acid 606:617 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 1 59 theme green 157:161 arg1 fabrication 163:173 green fabrication 157:173 green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility 157:245 Chemical cross-linking during spray drying offers the potential for green fabrication of microgels with a rapid stimuli response and good blood compatibility and provides a platform for stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels (SRHMGs). 25630464 3 60 theme magnetic 751:758 arg1 field 760:764 magnetic field 751:764 magnetic field 751:764 The SRHMGs with an average size range of ∼ 1-4 μm contain O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan as a matrix and poly(acrylic acid), aniline pentamer (AP), and iron as functional additives, which are responsive to external changes in pH, electrochemical stimuli, magnetic field, or dual-stimuli. 25630464 0 61 theme spray 75:79 arg1 drying 81:86 spray drying 75:86 spray drying 75:86 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. 25630464 0 62 dep In 0:1 arg1 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 situ 3:6 In situ cross-linking of stimuli-responsive hemicellulose microgels during spray drying. 25630464 4 63 theme quantitative 999:1010 arg1 mapping 1027:1033 quantitative nanomechanical mapping 999:1033 quantitative nanomechanical mapping 999:1033 The surface morphologies, chemical compositions, charge, pH, and mechanical properties of these smart microgels were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, IR, zeta potential measurements, pH evaluation, and quantitative nanomechanical mapping, respectively. 24702942 0 0 theme CCl₄-induced 82:93 arg1 injury 101:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 6 1 theme F1-F4 907:911 arg1 fractions 913:921 the F1-F4 fractions 903:921 the F1-F4 fractions 903:921 It was found that the F1-F4 fractions all showed oxidative activity against hydroxyl radicals. 24702942 7 2 theme bioactive 984:992 arg1 effects 994:1000 The bioactive effects 980:1000 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury 980:1055 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 0 3 from characterisation 11:26 arg1 injury 101:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 0 4 theme liver 95:99 arg1 injury 101:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 4 5 theme sulphate 709:716 arg1 content 718:724 their sulphate content 703:724 their sulphate content 703:724 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 0 6 from fucoidan 54:61 arg1 injury 101:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 7 7 theme functional 1104:1113 arg1 foods 1115:1119 functional foods 1104:1119 functional foods 1104:1119 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 4 8 theme fundamental 618:628 arg1 content 718:724 their sulphate content 703:724 their sulphate content 703:724 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 8 theme fundamental 618:628 arg1 composition 745:755 monosaccharide composition 730:755 monosaccharide composition 730:755 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 8 theme fundamental 618:628 arg1 characteristics 630:644 The fundamental characteristics 614:644 The fundamental characteristics 614:644 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 2 9 dep algae 349:353 arg1 introduced 355:364 introduced 355:364 introduced from Japan 355:375 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 2 9 dep algae 349:353 arg1 cultured 381:388 cultured 381:388 cultured in northern China 381:406 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 4 10 theme fractions 676:684 arg1 content 718:724 their sulphate content 703:724 their sulphate content 703:724 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 10 theme fractions 676:684 arg1 composition 745:755 monosaccharide composition 730:755 monosaccharide composition 730:755 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 10 theme fractions 676:684 arg1 characteristics 630:644 The fundamental characteristics 614:644 The fundamental characteristics 614:644 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 11 theme enriched 658:665 arg1 F1-F4 687:691 F1-F4 687:691 F1-F4 687:691 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 11 theme enriched 658:665 arg1 fractions 676:684 the four enriched fucoidan fractions 649:684 the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4) 649:692 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 5 12 theme FTIR 777:780 arg1 spectroscopy 790:801 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy 777:801 spectroscopy 790:801 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy were employed to further elucidate the structural features of the four fractions. 24702942 2 13 theme fucoidan 301:308 arg1 fractions 310:318 The fucoidan fractions 297:318 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, 297:407 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 1 14 theme brown 176:180 arg1 algae 182:186 brown algae 176:186 brown algae 176:186 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 0 15 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 0:107 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 4 16 theme fucoidan 667:674 arg1 F1-F4 687:691 F1-F4 687:691 F1-F4 687:691 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 4 16 theme fucoidan 667:674 arg1 fractions 676:684 the four enriched fucoidan fractions 649:684 the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4) 649:692 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 0 17 theme algae 31:35 arg1 fucoidan 54:61 algae Costaria costata fucoidan 31:61 algae Costaria costata fucoidan 31:61 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 6 18 theme hydroxyl 961:968 arg1 radicals 970:977 hydroxyl radicals 961:977 hydroxyl radicals 961:977 It was found that the F1-F4 fractions all showed oxidative activity against hydroxyl radicals. 24702942 3 19 theme combinatorial 494:506 arg1 procedure 508:516 a combinatorial procedure 492:516 a combinatorial procedure consisting of enzymolysis, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies 492:611 The fucoidan fractions were extracted, separated, and purified using a combinatorial procedure consisting of enzymolysis, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies. 24702942 4 20 theme monosaccharide 730:743 arg1 composition 745:755 monosaccharide composition 730:755 monosaccharide composition 730:755 The fundamental characteristics of the four enriched fucoidan fractions (F1-F4), such as their sulphate content and monosaccharide composition, were investigated. 24702942 2 21 theme northern 393:400 arg1 China 402:406 northern China 393:406 northern China 393:406 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 0 22 theme costata 46:52 arg1 fucoidan 54:61 algae Costaria costata fucoidan 31:61 algae Costaria costata fucoidan 31:61 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 1 23 located found 167:171 arg2 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 23 located found 167:171 arg1 algae 182:186 brown algae 176:186 brown algae 176:186 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 23 located found 167:171 arg2 product 142:148 a well-known natural product 121:148 a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens 121:294 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 3 24 theme DEAE 572:575 arg1 chromatographies 596:611 DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies 572:611 DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies 572:611 The fucoidan fractions were extracted, separated, and purified using a combinatorial procedure consisting of enzymolysis, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies. 24702942 5 25 theme fractions 874:882 arg1 features 853:860 the structural features 838:860 the structural features of the four fractions 838:882 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy were employed to further elucidate the structural features of the four fractions. 24702942 5 26 theme structural 842:851 arg1 features 853:860 the structural features 838:860 the structural features of the four fractions 838:882 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy were employed to further elucidate the structural features of the four fractions. 24702942 0 27 theme Costaria 37:44 arg1 fucoidan 54:61 algae Costaria costata fucoidan 31:61 algae Costaria costata fucoidan 31:61 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 1 28 theme carcinogens 284:294 arg1 combat 274:279 the combat 270:279 the combat of carcinogens 270:294 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 28 theme carcinogens 284:294 arg1 antioxidation 251:263 antioxidation 251:263 antioxidation 251:263 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 28 theme carcinogens 284:294 arg1 immunomodulation 233:248 immunomodulation 233:248 immunomodulation 233:248 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 7 29 theme potential 1071:1079 arg1 use 1081:1083 their potential use 1065:1083 their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals 1065:1138 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 0 30 from effects 71:77 arg1 injury 101:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 CCl₄-induced liver injury 82:106 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 7 31 theme fractions 1018:1026 arg1 effects 994:1000 The bioactive effects 980:1000 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury 980:1055 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 3 32 theme fucoidan 427:434 arg1 fractions 436:444 The fucoidan fractions 423:444 The fucoidan fractions 423:444 The fucoidan fractions were extracted, separated, and purified using a combinatorial procedure consisting of enzymolysis, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies. 24702942 5 33 theme NMR 786:788 arg1 spectroscopy 790:801 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy 777:801 spectroscopy 790:801 FTIR and NMR spectroscopy were employed to further elucidate the structural features of the four fractions. 24702942 6 34 theme oxidative 934:942 arg1 activity 944:951 oxidative activity 934:951 oxidative activity against hydroxyl radicals 934:977 It was found that the F1-F4 fractions all showed oxidative activity against hydroxyl radicals. 24702942 2 35 theme costata 332:338 arg1 fractions 310:318 The fucoidan fractions 297:318 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, 297:407 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 0 36 theme fucoidan 54:61 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 0:107 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 2 37 theme Costaria 323:330 arg1 costata 332:338 Costaria costata 323:338 Costaria costata 323:338 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 2 37 theme Costaria 323:330 arg1 algae 349:353 a brown algae 341:353 a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China 341:406 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 3 38 theme ethanol 545:551 arg1 precipitation 553:565 ethanol precipitation 545:565 ethanol precipitation 545:565 The fucoidan fractions were extracted, separated, and purified using a combinatorial procedure consisting of enzymolysis, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies. 24702942 7 39 theme CCl4-induced 1031:1042 arg1 injury 1050:1055 CCl4-induced liver injury 1031:1055 CCl4-induced liver injury 1031:1055 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 7 40 theme fucoidan 1009:1016 arg1 fractions 1018:1026 the fucoidan fractions 1005:1026 the fucoidan fractions 1005:1026 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 1 41 theme well-known 123:132 arg1 product 142:148 a well-known natural product 121:148 a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens 121:294 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 41 theme well-known 123:132 arg1 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 7 42 theme liver 1044:1048 arg1 injury 1050:1055 CCl4-induced liver injury 1031:1055 CCl4-induced liver injury 1031:1055 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 0 43 from injury 101:106 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 0:107 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 1 44 theme natural 134:140 arg1 product 142:148 a well-known natural product 121:148 a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens 121:294 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 44 theme natural 134:140 arg1 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan 109:116 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 45 theme activities 211:220 arg1 combat 274:279 the combat 270:279 the combat of carcinogens 270:294 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 45 theme activities 211:220 arg1 antioxidation 251:263 antioxidation 251:263 antioxidation 251:263 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 45 theme activities 211:220 arg1 activities 211:220 activities 211:220 activities 211:220 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 45 theme activities 211:220 arg1 immunomodulation 233:248 immunomodulation 233:248 immunomodulation 233:248 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 1 45 theme activities 211:220 arg1 variety 200:206 a variety 198:206 a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens 198:294 Fucoidan is a well-known natural product that is commonly found in brown algae and shows a variety of activities, including immunomodulation, antioxidation, and the combat of carcinogens. 24702942 0 46 theme effects 71:77 arg1 characterisation 11:26 Structural characterisation 0:26 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 0:107 Structural characterisation of algae Costaria costata fucoidan and its effects on CCl₄-induced liver injury. 24702942 3 47 theme size-exclusion 581:594 arg1 chromatographies 596:611 DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies 572:611 DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies 572:611 The fucoidan fractions were extracted, separated, and purified using a combinatorial procedure consisting of enzymolysis, ethanol precipitation, and DEAE and size-exclusion chromatographies. 24702942 7 48 from effects 994:1000 arg1 injury 1050:1055 CCl4-induced liver injury 1031:1055 CCl4-induced liver injury 1031:1055 The bioactive effects of the fucoidan fractions on CCl4-induced liver injury suggest their potential use as ingredients for functional foods or pharmaceuticals. 24702942 2 49 theme brown 343:347 arg1 costata 332:338 Costaria costata 323:338 Costaria costata 323:338 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 24702942 2 49 theme brown 343:347 arg1 algae 349:353 a brown algae 341:353 a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China 341:406 The fucoidan fractions of Costaria costata, a brown algae introduced from Japan and cultured in northern China, were studied. 26742749 1 0 theme aerial 290:295 arg1 part 297:300 aerial part 290:300 aerial part 290:300 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 0 1 theme Screening 165:173 arg1 Study 175:179 A Screening Study 163:179 A Screening Study 163:179 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 5 2 from PS63-3 901:906 arg1 concentrations 915:928 all concentrations 911:928 all concentrations 911:928 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 5 2 from PS63-3 901:906 arg1 Rhamnogalactouronans 868:887 Rhamnogalactouronans 868:887 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml 868:976 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 5 3 theme μg/ml 972:976 arg1 concentration 951:963 a concentration 949:963 a concentration of 100 μg/ml 949:976 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 4 4 from effect 843:848 arg1 production 856:865 NO production 853:865 NO production 853:865 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 5 theme NO 853:854 arg1 production 856:865 NO production 853:865 NO production 853:865 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 Production 151:160 Nitric Oxide Production 138:160 Nitric Oxide Production 138:160 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 5 7 theme NO-stimulatory 1028:1041 arg1 activity 1043:1050 the NO-stimulatory activity 1024:1050 the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS 1024:1071 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 1 8 dep rhizome 247:253 arg1 part 297:300 aerial part 290:300 aerial part 290:300 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 9 theme calamus 235:241 arg1 Acorus 228:233 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 9 theme calamus 235:241 arg1 rhizome 247:253 sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome 216:253 sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome 216:253 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 0 10 theme calamus 97:103 arg1 Acorus 90:95 Acorus calamus L. 90:106 Acorus calamus L. 90:106 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 3 11 dep L 593:593 arg1 PSF-103 615:621 PSF-103 615:621 PSF-103 615:621 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 3 11 dep L 593:593 arg1 PSF-105 628:634 PSF-105 628:634 PSF-105 628:634 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 5 12 theme μg/ml 1127:1131 arg1 concentration 1107:1119 a concentration 1105:1119 a concentration of 40 μg/ml 1105:1131 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 0 13 theme Trifolium 112:120 arg1 L. 131:132 Trifolium pratense L. 112:132 Trifolium pratense L. 112:132 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 5 14 theme comparable 1010:1019 arg1 activity 1000:1007 the highest activity 988:1007 the highest activity 988:1007 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 4 15 theme L. 762:763 arg1 polysaccharides 765:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides 738:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) 738:808 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 15 theme L. 762:763 arg1 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 15 theme L. 762:763 arg1 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 15 theme L. 762:763 arg1 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 5 16 theme clover 894:899 arg1 PS63-3 901:906 clover PS63-3 894:906 clover PS63-3 in all concentrations 894:928 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 2 17 theme ion 402:404 arg1 chromatography 415:428 ion exchange chromatography 402:428 ion exchange chromatography 402:428 The polysaccharides were separated by ion exchange chromatography into fractions differing by monomeric composition and ramification type and were used in concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml. 26742749 5 18 from PS62-3 1095:1100 arg1 concentration 1107:1119 a concentration 1105:1119 a concentration of 40 μg/ml 1105:1131 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 4 19 theme pratense 753:760 arg1 polysaccharides 765:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides 738:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) 738:808 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 19 theme pratense 753:760 arg1 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 19 theme pratense 753:760 arg1 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 19 theme pratense 753:760 arg1 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 1 20 theme NO 323:324 arg1 production 309:318 the production 305:318 the production of NO by mouse macrophages 305:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 5 21 theme polysaccharide 1080:1093 arg1 PS62-3 1095:1100 polysaccharide PS62-3 1080:1100 polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml 1080:1131 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 0 22 dep Acorus 90:95 arg1 L. 105:106 Acorus calamus L. 90:106 Acorus calamus L. 90:106 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 4 23 dep polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 polysaccharides 765:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides 738:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) 738:808 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 23 dep polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 23 dep polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 23 dep polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 3 24 theme different 646:654 arg1 concentrations 656:669 different concentrations 646:669 different concentrations 646:669 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 2 25 theme μg/ml 553:557 arg1 concentrations 519:532 concentrations 519:532 concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml 519:557 The polysaccharides were separated by ion exchange chromatography into fractions differing by monomeric composition and ramification type and were used in concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml. 26742749 3 26 theme nitrite 694:700 arg1 production 702:711 nitrite production 694:711 nitrite production by macrophages 694:726 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 3 27 theme L 593:593 arg1 fractions 565:573 Four fractions 560:573 Four fractions 560:573 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 0 28 theme Polysaccharides 25:39 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production 0:160 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 1 29 theme rhizome 247:253 arg1 effects 205:211 the effects 201:211 the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages 201:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 4 30 theme significant 822:832 arg1 effect 843:848 a significant specific effect 820:848 a significant specific effect on NO production 820:865 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 31 theme Trifolium 743:751 arg1 polysaccharides 765:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides 738:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) 738:808 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 31 theme Trifolium 743:751 arg1 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 31 theme Trifolium 743:751 arg1 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 31 theme Trifolium 743:751 arg1 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 1 32 theme Screening 182:190 arg1 study 192:196 Screening study 182:196 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages 182:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 0 33 theme Water-Soluble 11:23 arg1 Polysaccharides 25:39 Water-Soluble Polysaccharides 11:39 Water-Soluble Polysaccharides 11:39 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 0 34 theme pratense 122:129 arg1 L. 131:132 Trifolium pratense L. 112:132 Trifolium pratense L. 112:132 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 3 35 theme calamus 585:591 arg1 L 593:593 Acorus calamus L 578:593 Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105) 578:635 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 0 36 dep Study 175:179 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production 0:160 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 0 37 theme Different 46:54 arg1 Structure 65:73 Different Chemical Structure 46:73 Different Chemical Structure 46:73 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 1 38 theme clover 259:264 arg1 effects 205:211 the effects 201:211 the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages 201:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 39 theme mouse 329:333 arg1 macrophages 335:345 mouse macrophages 329:345 mouse macrophages 329:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 5 40 from PS62-5 939:944 arg1 concentration 951:963 a concentration 949:963 a concentration of 100 μg/ml 949:976 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 5 40 from PS62-5 939:944 arg1 Rhamnogalactouronans 868:887 Rhamnogalactouronans 868:887 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml 868:976 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 5 41 theme reference 1059:1067 arg1 LPS 1069:1071 the reference LPS 1055:1071 the reference LPS 1055:1071 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 4 42 theme specific 834:841 arg1 effect 843:848 a significant specific effect 820:848 a significant specific effect on NO production 820:865 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 5 43 theme highest 992:998 arg1 activity 1000:1007 the highest activity 988:1007 the highest activity 988:1007 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 5 44 theme higher 1148:1153 arg1 activity 1155:1162 even higher activity 1143:1162 even higher activity 1143:1162 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 0 45 with Polysaccharides 25:39 arg1 Structure 65:73 Different Chemical Structure 46:73 Different Chemical Structure 46:73 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 2 46 theme exchange 406:413 arg1 chromatography 415:428 ion exchange chromatography 402:428 ion exchange chromatography 402:428 The polysaccharides were separated by ion exchange chromatography into fractions differing by monomeric composition and ramification type and were used in concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml. 26742749 1 47 theme Trifolium 267:275 arg1 clover 259:264 clover 259:264 clover (Trifolium pratense L.) 259:288 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 47 theme Trifolium 267:275 arg1 L. 286:287 Trifolium pratense L. 267:287 Trifolium pratense L. 267:287 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 0 48 theme Oxide 145:149 arg1 Production 151:160 Nitric Oxide Production 138:160 Nitric Oxide Production 138:160 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 3 49 theme Acorus 578:583 arg1 L 593:593 Acorus calamus L 578:593 Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105) 578:635 Four fractions of Acorus calamus L. (PSF-101, PSF-102, PSF-103, and PSF-105), used in different concentrations, moderately stimulated nitrite production by macrophages. 26742749 2 50 theme ramification 484:495 arg1 type 497:500 ramification type 484:500 ramification type 484:500 The polysaccharides were separated by ion exchange chromatography into fractions differing by monomeric composition and ramification type and were used in concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml. 26742749 0 51 attach Isolated 76:83 arg1 Acorus 90:95 Acorus calamus L. 90:106 Acorus calamus L. 90:106 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 0 51 attach Isolated 76:83 arg2 Polysaccharides 25:39 Water-Soluble Polysaccharides 11:39 Water-Soluble Polysaccharides 11:39 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 0 51 attach Isolated 76:83 arg1 L. 131:132 Trifolium pratense L. 112:132 Trifolium pratense L. 112:132 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 0 52 theme Chemical 56:63 arg1 Structure 65:73 Different Chemical Structure 46:73 Different Chemical Structure 46:73 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 1 53 theme pratense 277:284 arg1 clover 259:264 clover 259:264 clover (Trifolium pratense L.) 259:288 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 53 theme pratense 277:284 arg1 L. 286:287 Trifolium pratense L. 267:287 Trifolium pratense L. 267:287 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 0 54 theme Nitric 138:143 arg1 Oxide 145:149 Nitric Oxide 138:149 Nitric Oxide Production 138:160 Effects of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Different Chemical Structure, Isolated from Acorus calamus L. and Trifolium pratense L., on Nitric Oxide Production: A Screening Study. 26742749 1 55 from effects 205:211 arg1 production 309:318 the production 305:318 the production of NO by mouse macrophages 305:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 56 from study 192:196 arg1 production 309:318 the production 305:318 the production of NO by mouse macrophages 305:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 57 theme effects 205:211 arg1 study 192:196 Screening study 182:196 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages 182:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 2 58 theme monomeric 458:466 arg1 composition 468:478 monomeric composition 458:478 monomeric composition 458:478 The polysaccharides were separated by ion exchange chromatography into fractions differing by monomeric composition and ramification type and were used in concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml. 26742749 1 59 dep Acorus 228:233 arg1 L. 243:244 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 60 theme sweet 216:220 arg1 Acorus 228:233 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 60 theme sweet 216:220 arg1 rhizome 247:253 sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome 216:253 sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome 216:253 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 2 61 used used 511:514 arg2 polysaccharides 368:382 The polysaccharides 364:382 The polysaccharides 364:382 The polysaccharides were separated by ion exchange chromatography into fractions differing by monomeric composition and ramification type and were used in concentrations of 20, 40, and 100 μg/ml. 26742749 5 62 theme LPS 1069:1071 arg1 activity 1043:1050 the NO-stimulatory activity 1024:1050 the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS 1024:1071 Rhamnogalactouronans from clover PS63-3 in all concentrations and from PS62-5 in a concentration of 100 μg/ml exhibited the highest activity, comparable to the NO-stimulatory activity of the reference LPS, while polysaccharide PS62-3 in a concentration of 40 μg/ml exhibited even higher activity. 26742749 1 63 from production 309:318 arg1 study 192:196 Screening study 182:196 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages 182:345 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 4 64 theme polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 polysaccharides 765:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides 738:779 five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) 738:808 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 64 theme polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 PS62-4 790:795 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 64 theme polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 PS62-3 782:787 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 64 theme polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 Three 729:733 Three 729:733 Three 729:733 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 4 64 theme polysaccharides 765:779 arg1 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 PS62-5 802:807 Three of five Trifolium pratense L. polysaccharides (PS62-3, PS62-4, and PS62-5) exhibited a significant specific effect on NO production. 26742749 1 65 theme flag 222:225 arg1 Acorus 228:233 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Acorus calamus L. 228:244 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 26742749 1 65 theme flag 222:225 arg1 rhizome 247:253 sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome 216:253 sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome 216:253 Screening study of the effects of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizome and clover (Trifolium pratense L.) aerial part on the production of NO by mouse macrophages was carried out. 29186073 5 0 theme composite 763:771 arg1 formulation 744:754 a new formulation 738:754 a new formulation of the composite 738:771 In this work, we address the manufacturing cost problem by proposing a new formulation of the composite. 29186073 7 1 theme inulin 973:978 arg1 chitosan 987:994 inulin or/and chitosan 973:994 inulin or/and chitosan 973:994 In this exploratory research, three blends were prepared with a polyurethane matrix using inulin or/and chitosan. 29186073 0 2 theme Pb2+ 86:89 arg1 Removal 91:97 Pb2+ Removal 86:97 Pb2+ Removal 86:97 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 29186073 4 3 theme cation 543:548 arg1 removal 550:556 the cation removal 539:556 the cation removal 539:556 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 7 4 theme polyurethane 947:958 arg1 matrix 960:965 a polyurethane matrix 945:965 a polyurethane matrix using inulin or/and chitosan 945:994 In this exploratory research, three blends were prepared with a polyurethane matrix using inulin or/and chitosan. 29186073 4 5 theme higher 587:592 arg1 ratios 580:585 ratios 580:585 ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂ 580:618 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 3 6 theme chitosan/polyurethane/titanium 368:397 arg1 composite 414:422 a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite 366:422 a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite 366:422 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 0 7 from Evaluation 0:9 arg1 Material 73:80 a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material 43:80 a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal 43:97 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 29186073 1 8 from concentration 177:189 arg1 water 210:214 water 210:214 water 210:214 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 2 9 theme economical 300:309 arg1 it 277:278 it 277:278 it 277:278 These pollutants are commonly removed by adsorption because it is an effective and economical method. 29186073 2 9 theme economical 300:309 arg1 method 311:316 an effective and economical method 283:316 an effective and economical method 283:316 These pollutants are commonly removed by adsorption because it is an effective and economical method. 29186073 12 10 theme process 1734:1740 arg1 scalability 1704:1714 scalability 1704:1714 scalability 1704:1714 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 12 10 theme process 1734:1740 arg1 efficiency 1689:1698 cost efficiency 1684:1698 cost efficiency 1684:1698 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 3 11 theme dioxide 399:405 arg1 composite 414:422 a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite 366:422 a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite 366:422 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 4 12 theme chitosan 493:500 arg1 concentration 502:514 the chitosan concentration 489:514 increasing the chitosan concentration in composite 478:527 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 8 13 theme colorimetric 1030:1041 arg1 method 1043:1048 a colorimetric method 1028:1048 a colorimetric method 1028:1048 Adsorption was evaluated using a colorimetric method and the Langmuir and Freundlich models. 29186073 1 14 from processes 152:160 arg1 waste 111:115 Downstream waste 100:115 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes 100:160 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 12 15 theme cost 1684:1687 arg1 efficiency 1689:1698 cost efficiency 1684:1698 cost efficiency 1684:1698 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 10 16 dep removal 1366:1372 arg1 lead 1388:1391 lead II 1388:1394 specifically lead II 1375:1394 Results indicate that blends are suitable for toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+). 29186073 10 16 dep removal 1366:1372 arg1 Pb2+ 1397:1400 Pb2+ 1397:1400 Pb2+ 1397:1400 Results indicate that blends are suitable for toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+). 29186073 5 17 theme new 740:742 arg1 formulation 744:754 a new formulation 738:754 a new formulation of the composite 738:771 In this work, we address the manufacturing cost problem by proposing a new formulation of the composite. 29186073 9 18 theme differential 1194:1205 arg1 calorimetry 1216:1226 differential scanning calorimetry 1194:1226 differential scanning calorimetry 1194:1226 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 2 19 theme effective 286:294 arg1 it 277:278 it 277:278 it 277:278 These pollutants are commonly removed by adsorption because it is an effective and economical method. 29186073 2 19 theme effective 286:294 arg1 method 311:316 an effective and economical method 283:316 an effective and economical method 283:316 These pollutants are commonly removed by adsorption because it is an effective and economical method. 29186073 3 20 theme wastewater 452:461 arg1 system 463:468 a dynamic wastewater system 442:468 a dynamic wastewater system 442:468 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 4 21 from concentration 502:514 arg1 composite 519:527 composite 519:527 composite 519:527 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 9 22 theme scanning 1207:1214 arg1 calorimetry 1216:1226 differential scanning calorimetry 1194:1226 differential scanning calorimetry 1194:1226 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 13 23 with research 1787:1794 arg1 ratios 1827:1832 different inulin/chitosan ratios 1801:1832 different inulin/chitosan ratios 1801:1832 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 12 24 dep efficiency 1689:1698 arg1 the 1680:1682 the 1680:1682 the 1680:1682 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 1 25 theme heavy 194:198 arg1 metals 200:205 heavy metals 194:205 heavy metals 194:205 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 13 26 theme inulin/chitosan 1811:1825 arg1 ratios 1827:1832 different inulin/chitosan ratios 1801:1832 different inulin/chitosan ratios 1801:1832 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 11 27 theme Material 1404:1411 arg1 characterization 1413:1428 Material characterization 1404:1428 Material characterization 1404:1428 Material characterization indicates that polysaccharides were distributed in polyurethane's external part, thus improving adsorption. 29186073 9 28 theme Fourier-transform 1090:1106 arg1 spectra 1137:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 1 29 theme metals 200:205 arg1 concentration 177:189 concentration 177:189 concentration of heavy metals in water 177:214 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 3 30 theme composite 414:422 arg1 capacity 354:361 adsorption capacity 343:361 adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions 343:437 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 8 31 theme Langmuir 1058:1065 arg1 models 1082:1087 the Langmuir and Freundlich models 1054:1087 models 1082:1087 Adsorption was evaluated using a colorimetric method and the Langmuir and Freundlich models. 29186073 1 32 from industry 122:129 arg1 waste 111:115 Downstream waste 100:115 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes 100:160 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 1 33 theme Downstream 100:109 arg1 waste 111:115 Downstream waste 100:115 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes 100:160 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 9 34 theme infrared 1108:1115 arg1 spectra 1137:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 3 35 theme dynamic 444:450 arg1 system 463:468 a dynamic wastewater system 442:468 a dynamic wastewater system 442:468 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 0 36 theme Replacing 21:29 arg1 Chitosan 31:38 Inulin Replacing Chitosan 14:38 Inulin Replacing Chitosan 14:38 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 29186073 9 37 theme electron 1155:1162 arg1 microscopy 1164:1173 scanning electron microscopy 1146:1173 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 1146:1191 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 9 37 theme electron 1155:1162 arg1 SEM 1176:1178 SEM 1176:1178 SEM 1176:1178 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 5 38 theme manufacturing 698:710 arg1 problem 717:723 the manufacturing cost problem 694:723 the manufacturing cost problem 694:723 In this work, we address the manufacturing cost problem by proposing a new formulation of the composite. 29186073 9 39 theme thermogravimetric 1232:1248 arg1 curves 1259:1264 thermogravimetric analysis curves 1232:1264 thermogravimetric analysis curves 1232:1264 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 9 40 theme spectroscopy 1117:1128 arg1 spectra 1137:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 3 41 theme TiO₂ 408:411 arg1 composite 414:422 a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite 366:422 a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite 366:422 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 6 42 dep formulation 844:854 arg1 either 857:862 either 857:862 either 857:862 Our hypothesis is that inulin could replace chitosan in the composite formulation, either wholly or in part. 29186073 6 42 dep formulation 844:854 arg1 part 877:880 part 877:880 part 877:880 Our hypothesis is that inulin could replace chitosan in the composite formulation, either wholly or in part. 29186073 5 43 theme cost 712:715 arg1 problem 717:723 the manufacturing cost problem 694:723 the manufacturing cost problem 694:723 In this work, we address the manufacturing cost problem by proposing a new formulation of the composite. 29186073 9 44 theme analysis 1250:1257 arg1 curves 1259:1264 thermogravimetric analysis curves 1232:1264 thermogravimetric analysis curves 1232:1264 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 11 45 theme external 1496:1503 arg1 part 1505:1508 polyurethane's external part 1481:1508 polyurethane's external part 1481:1508 Material characterization indicates that polysaccharides were distributed in polyurethane's external part, thus improving adsorption. 29186073 4 46 theme manufacturing 625:637 arg1 cost 639:642 the manufacturing cost 621:642 the manufacturing cost 621:642 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 13 47 theme Further 1779:1785 arg1 research 1787:1794 Further research 1779:1794 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system 1779:1887 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 8 48 theme Freundlich 1071:1080 arg1 models 1082:1087 the Langmuir and Freundlich models 1054:1087 models 1082:1087 Adsorption was evaluated using a colorimetric method and the Langmuir and Freundlich models. 29186073 9 49 theme FTIR 1131:1134 arg1 spectra 1137:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra 1090:1143 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 0 50 theme Chitosan 31:38 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 0:98 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 29186073 6 51 dep either 857:862 arg1 wholly 864:869 wholly 864:869 wholly 864:869 Our hypothesis is that inulin could replace chitosan in the composite formulation, either wholly or in part. 29186073 4 52 theme increasing 478:487 arg1 concentration 502:514 the chitosan concentration 489:514 increasing the chitosan concentration in composite 478:527 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 0 53 theme Polyurethane/Polysaccharide 45:71 arg1 Material 73:80 a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material 43:80 a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal 43:97 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 29186073 12 54 theme materials 1561:1569 arg1 degradation 1546:1556 Thermal degradation 1538:1556 Thermal degradation of materials 1538:1569 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 13 55 with adsorbent 1841:1849 arg1 system 1882:1887 a dynamic system 1872:1887 a dynamic system 1872:1887 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 13 56 dep adsorbent 1841:1849 arg1 the 1837:1839 the 1837:1839 the 1837:1839 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 13 57 theme different 1801:1809 arg1 ratios 1827:1832 different inulin/chitosan ratios 1801:1832 different inulin/chitosan ratios 1801:1832 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 12 58 theme polyurethane 1749:1760 arg1 based-adsorbent 1762:1776 the polyurethane based-adsorbent 1745:1776 the polyurethane based-adsorbent 1745:1776 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 13 59 from research 1787:1794 arg1 experiments 1855:1865 experiments 1855:1865 experiments 1855:1865 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 13 59 from research 1787:1794 arg1 adsorbent 1841:1849 adsorbent 1841:1849 adsorbent 1841:1849 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 6 60 theme composite 834:842 arg1 formulation 844:854 the composite formulation 830:854 the composite formulation 830:854 Our hypothesis is that inulin could replace chitosan in the composite formulation, either wholly or in part. 29186073 9 61 theme scanning 1146:1153 arg1 microscopy 1164:1173 scanning electron microscopy 1146:1173 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 1146:1191 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 9 61 theme scanning 1146:1153 arg1 SEM 1176:1178 SEM 1176:1178 SEM 1176:1178 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 1 62 theme other 135:139 arg1 processes 152:160 other industrial processes 135:160 other industrial processes 135:160 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 4 63 theme chitosan/TiO₂ 606:618 arg1 chitosan/TiO₂ 606:618 chitosan/TiO₂ 606:618 chitosan/TiO₂ 606:618 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 4 63 theme chitosan/TiO₂ 606:618 arg1 % 601:601 50% 599:601 50% of chitosan/TiO₂ 599:618 There, increasing the chitosan concentration in composite increased the cation removal as well; however, for ratios higher than 50% of chitosan/TiO₂, the manufacturing cost increased significantly. 29186073 12 64 theme Thermal 1538:1544 arg1 degradation 1546:1556 Thermal degradation 1538:1556 Thermal degradation of materials 1538:1569 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 7 65 theme or/and 980:985 arg1 chitosan 987:994 inulin or/and chitosan 973:994 inulin or/and chitosan 973:994 In this exploratory research, three blends were prepared with a polyurethane matrix using inulin or/and chitosan. 29186073 1 66 theme industrial 141:150 arg1 processes 152:160 other industrial processes 135:160 other industrial processes 135:160 Downstream waste from industry and other industrial processes could increase concentration of heavy metals in water. 29186073 10 67 dep materials 1356:1364 arg1 removal 1366:1372 removal 1366:1372 toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+) 1350:1401 Results indicate that blends are suitable for toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+). 29186073 10 68 theme toxic 1350:1354 arg1 materials 1356:1364 toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+) 1350:1401 toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+) 1350:1401 Results indicate that blends are suitable for toxic materials removal (specifically lead II, Pb2+). 29186073 3 69 theme adsorption 343:352 arg1 capacity 354:361 adsorption capacity 343:361 adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions 343:437 Previously, we reported adsorption capacity of a chitosan/polyurethane/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) composite for three ions in a dynamic wastewater system. 29186073 12 70 theme based-adsorbent 1762:1776 arg1 process 1734:1740 the production process 1719:1740 the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent 1719:1776 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 9 71 theme microscopy 1164:1173 arg1 micrographs 1181:1191 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 1146:1191 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs 1146:1191 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis curves were obtained to characterize blends. 29186073 7 72 theme exploratory 891:901 arg1 research 903:910 this exploratory research 886:910 this exploratory research 886:910 In this exploratory research, three blends were prepared with a polyurethane matrix using inulin or/and chitosan. 29186073 13 73 theme dynamic 1874:1880 arg1 system 1882:1887 a dynamic system 1872:1887 a dynamic system 1872:1887 Further research with different inulin/chitosan ratios in the adsorbent and experiments with a dynamic system are justified. 29186073 12 74 dep replace 1635:1641 arg1 improve 1672:1678 improve 1672:1678 improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent 1672:1776 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 0 75 theme Inulin 14:19 arg1 Chitosan 31:38 Inulin Replacing Chitosan 14:38 Inulin Replacing Chitosan 14:38 Evaluation of Inulin Replacing Chitosan in a Polyurethane/Polysaccharide Material for Pb2+ Removal. 29186073 12 76 theme production 1723:1732 arg1 process 1734:1740 the production process 1719:1740 the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent 1719:1776 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 29186073 12 77 theme blends 1609:1614 arg1 data 1616:1619 the blends data 1605:1619 the blends data 1605:1619 Thermal degradation of materials was found above 200 °C. Comparing the blends data, inulin could replace chitosan in part and thereby improve the cost efficiency and scalability of the production process of the polyurethane based-adsorbent. 27516310 0 0 theme anti-ACE 80:87 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 0:130 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 0 theme anti-ACE 80:87 arg1 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 0 theme anti-ACE 80:87 arg1 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 1 1 theme biological 163:172 arg1 activities 174:183 biological activities 163:183 biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound 163:244 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 4 2 theme converting 664:673 arg1 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 2 theme converting 664:673 arg1 enzyme 675:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme 640:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) 640:686 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 1 3 theme cetylpyridinium 268:282 arg1 SP1 294:296 SP1 294:296 SP1 294:296 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 3 theme cetylpyridinium 268:282 arg1 chloride 284:291 cetylpyridinium chloride 268:291 cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) 268:297 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 0 4 theme antioxidant 90:100 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 0:130 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 4 theme antioxidant 90:100 arg1 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 4 theme antioxidant 90:100 arg1 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 5 5 theme NaCl 1086:1089 arg1 gradient 1074:1081 the linear gradient 1063:1081 the linear gradient of NaCl 1063:1089 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 5 6 theme major 1040:1044 arg1 fractions 1046:1054 three major fractions 1034:1054 three major fractions 1034:1054 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 4 7 theme reducing 816:823 arg1 power 825:829 reducing power 816:829 reducing power 816:829 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 6 8 theme functional 1217:1226 arg1 foods 1228:1232 functional foods 1217:1232 functional foods 1217:1232 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 2 9 dep amounts 340:346 arg1 sugars 422:427 sugars 422:427 sugars 422:427 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 3 10 theme spectroscopic 439:451 arg1 analysis 453:460 Infrared spectroscopic analysis 430:460 Infrared spectroscopic analysis 430:460 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 0 11 theme antibacterial 106:118 arg1 activities 120:129 antibacterial activities 106:129 antibacterial activities 106:129 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 3 12 theme polysaccharides 495:509 arg1 peaks 477:481 typical peaks 469:481 typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups 469:608 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 4 13 theme important 640:648 arg1 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 13 theme important 640:648 arg1 enzyme 675:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme 640:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) 640:686 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 14 theme nicking 898:904 arg1 assay 906:910 DNA nicking assay 894:910 DNA nicking assay 894:910 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 0 15 from hound 44:48 arg1 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 15 from hound 44:48 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 0:130 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 15 from hound 44:48 arg1 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 4 16 dep power 825:829 arg1 activity 848:855 metal chelating activity 832:855 metal chelating activity 832:855 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 16 dep power 825:829 arg1 assay 906:910 DNA nicking assay 894:910 DNA nicking assay 894:910 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 16 dep power 825:829 arg1 inhibition 879:888 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 858:888 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 858:888 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 1 17 theme sulfated 188:195 arg1 polysaccharides 197:211 sulfated polysaccharides 188:211 sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound 188:244 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 17 theme sulfated 188:195 arg1 SPs 214:216 SPs 214:216 SPs 214:216 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 2 18 theme high 400:403 arg1 weight 415:420 high molecular weight 400:420 high molecular weight 400:420 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 3 19 theme sulfated 486:493 arg1 polysaccharides 495:509 sulfated polysaccharides 486:509 sulfated polysaccharides 486:509 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 4 20 theme antioxidant 792:802 arg1 activities 804:813 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities 640:813 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities 640:813 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 21 dep inhibitory 688:697 arg1 0.75mg/ml 714:722 0.75mg/ml 714:722 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2 714:738 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 21 dep inhibitory 688:697 arg1 IC50=1.04 700:708 IC50=1.04 700:708 IC50=1.04 700:708 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 1 22 theme polysaccharides 197:211 arg1 activities 174:183 biological activities 163:183 biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound 163:244 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 0 23 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 23 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 0:130 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 23 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 5 24 theme buffer 1009:1014 arg1 phase 1024:1028 the buffer elution phase 1005:1028 the buffer elution phase 1005:1028 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 6 25 theme overall 1096:1102 arg1 data 1104:1107 The overall data 1092:1107 The overall data 1092:1107 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 0 26 theme common 30:35 arg1 hound 44:48 common smooth hound 30:48 common smooth hound 30:48 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 6 27 dep antioxidant 1153:1163 arg1 ingredient 1193:1202 ingredient 1193:1202 ingredient 1193:1202 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 4 28 theme β-carotene 858:867 arg1 inhibition 879:888 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 858:888 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 858:888 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 0 29 theme activities 120:129 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 0:130 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 29 theme activities 120:129 arg1 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 29 theme activities 120:129 arg1 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 5 30 theme elution 1016:1022 arg1 phase 1024:1028 the buffer elution phase 1005:1028 the buffer elution phase 1005:1028 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 4 31 theme I 662:662 arg1 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 31 theme I 662:662 arg1 enzyme 675:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme 640:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) 640:686 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 3 32 theme typical 469:475 arg1 peaks 477:481 typical peaks 469:481 typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups 469:608 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 5 33 theme column 960:965 arg1 chromatography 967:980 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 945:980 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 945:980 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 2 34 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 % 372:372 10.2% 368:372 10.2% 368:372 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 34 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 % 393:393 7.84% 389:393 7.84% 389:393 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 34 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 amounts 340:346 the highest amounts 328:346 the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) 328:394 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 34 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 groups 360:365 sulfated groups 351:365 sulfated groups (10.2%) 351:373 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 34 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 proteins 379:386 proteins 379:386 proteins (7.84%) 379:394 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 34 theme proteins 379:386 arg1 weight 415:420 high molecular weight 400:420 high molecular weight 400:420 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 0 35 theme smooth 37:42 arg1 hound 44:48 common smooth hound 30:48 common smooth hound 30:48 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 4 36 theme bleaching 869:877 arg1 inhibition 879:888 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 858:888 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 858:888 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 3 37 theme acetyl 596:601 arg1 groups 603:608 acetyl groups 596:608 acetyl groups 596:608 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 4 38 theme antibacterial 756:768 arg1 activities 804:813 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities 640:813 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities 640:813 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 39 dep antibacterial 756:768 arg1 Gram- 781:785 Gram- 781:785 Gram- 781:785 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 39 dep antibacterial 756:768 arg1 Gram+ 771:775 Gram+ 771:775 Gram+ 771:775 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 40 theme DNA 894:896 arg1 assay 906:910 DNA nicking assay 894:910 DNA nicking assay 894:910 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 41 theme metal 832:836 arg1 activity 848:855 metal chelating activity 832:855 metal chelating activity 832:855 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 3 42 theme groups 603:608 arg1 presence 567:574 the presence 563:574 the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups 563:608 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 2 43 theme highest 332:338 arg1 % 372:372 10.2% 368:372 10.2% 368:372 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 43 theme highest 332:338 arg1 proteins 379:386 proteins 379:386 proteins (7.84%) 379:394 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 43 theme highest 332:338 arg1 % 393:393 7.84% 389:393 7.84% 389:393 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 43 theme highest 332:338 arg1 amounts 340:346 the highest amounts 328:346 the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) 328:394 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 43 theme highest 332:338 arg1 groups 360:365 sulfated groups 351:365 sulfated groups (10.2%) 351:373 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 44 theme molecular 405:413 arg1 weight 415:420 high molecular weight 400:420 high molecular weight 400:420 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 5 45 theme DEAE-cellulose 945:958 arg1 chromatography 967:980 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 945:980 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 945:980 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 5 46 theme SPs 924:926 arg1 fractionation 928:940 SPs fractionation 924:940 SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 924:980 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 3 47 theme groups 585:590 arg1 presence 567:574 the presence 563:574 the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups 563:608 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 4 48 theme angiotensin 650:660 arg1 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 ACE 683:685 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 48 theme angiotensin 650:660 arg1 enzyme 675:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme 640:680 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) 640:686 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 3 49 theme Infrared 430:437 arg1 analysis 453:460 Infrared spectroscopic analysis 430:460 Infrared spectroscopic analysis 430:460 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 6 50 used used 1137:1140 arg2 anti-ACE 1184:1191 anti-ACE 1184:1191 anti-ACE 1184:1191 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 6 50 used used 1137:1140 arg2 antimicrobial 1166:1178 antimicrobial 1166:1178 antimicrobial 1166:1178 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 6 50 used used 1137:1140 arg2 SPs 1124:1126 SPs 1124:1126 SPs 1124:1126 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 6 50 used used 1137:1140 arg2 antioxidant 1153:1163 antioxidant 1153:1163 antioxidant 1153:1163 The overall data suggested that SPs could be used as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-ACE ingredient to formulate functional foods. 27516310 1 51 theme smooth 233:238 arg1 hound 240:244 smooth hound 233:244 smooth hound 233:244 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 4 52 theme chelating 838:846 arg1 activity 848:855 metal chelating activity 832:855 metal chelating activity 832:855 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 4 53 dep displayed 630:638 arg1 power 825:829 reducing power 816:829 reducing power 816:829 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 1 54 theme present 136:142 arg1 study 144:148 The present study 132:148 The present study 132:148 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 4 55 theme inhibitory 688:697 arg1 activities 804:813 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities 640:813 important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities 640:813 Interestingly, SPs displayed important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (IC50=1.04 and 0.75mg/ml for SP1 and SP2, respectively), antibacterial (Gram+ and Gram-) and antioxidant activities (reducing power, metal chelating activity, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and DNA nicking assay). 27516310 1 56 attach isolated 219:226 arg1 hound 240:244 smooth hound 233:244 smooth hound 233:244 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 56 attach isolated 219:226 arg2 SPs 214:216 SPs 214:216 SPs 214:216 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 56 attach isolated 219:226 arg2 polysaccharides 197:211 sulfated polysaccharides 188:211 sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound 188:244 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 0 57 dep polysaccharides 9:23 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 0:130 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 57 dep polysaccharides 9:23 arg1 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 assessment 66:75 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 0 57 dep polysaccharides 9:23 arg1 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Extraction 51:60 Sulfated polysaccharides from common smooth hound: Extraction and assessment of anti-ACE, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. 27516310 1 58 with precipitation 249:261 arg1 SP2 311:313 SP2 311:313 SP2 311:313 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 58 with precipitation 249:261 arg1 SP1 294:296 SP1 294:296 SP1 294:296 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 58 with precipitation 249:261 arg1 ethanol 302:308 ethanol 302:308 ethanol (SP2) 302:314 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 1 58 with precipitation 249:261 arg1 chloride 284:291 cetylpyridinium chloride 268:291 cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) 268:297 The present study investigates biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) isolated from smooth hound by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride (SP1) or ethanol (SP2). 27516310 2 59 theme groups 360:365 arg1 % 372:372 10.2% 368:372 10.2% 368:372 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 59 theme groups 360:365 arg1 % 393:393 7.84% 389:393 7.84% 389:393 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 59 theme groups 360:365 arg1 amounts 340:346 the highest amounts 328:346 the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) 328:394 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 59 theme groups 360:365 arg1 groups 360:365 sulfated groups 351:365 sulfated groups (10.2%) 351:373 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 59 theme groups 360:365 arg1 proteins 379:386 proteins 379:386 proteins (7.84%) 379:394 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 59 theme groups 360:365 arg1 weight 415:420 high molecular weight 400:420 high molecular weight 400:420 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 5 60 theme linear 1067:1072 arg1 gradient 1074:1081 the linear gradient 1063:1081 the linear gradient of NaCl 1063:1089 Moreover, SPs fractionation by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed one peak during the buffer elution phase and three major fractions during the linear gradient of NaCl. 27516310 3 61 theme O=S=O 579:583 arg1 groups 585:590 O=S=O groups 579:590 O=S=O groups 579:590 Infrared spectroscopic analysis showed typical peaks of sulfated polysaccharides, particularly for the SP1 that was characterized by the presence of O=S=O groups and acetyl groups. 27516310 2 62 theme sulfated 351:358 arg1 % 372:372 10.2% 368:372 10.2% 368:372 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 27516310 2 62 theme sulfated 351:358 arg1 groups 360:365 sulfated groups 351:365 sulfated groups (10.2%) 351:373 SP1 showed the highest amounts of sulfated groups (10.2%) and proteins (7.84%) and high molecular weight sugars. 28987356 6 0 theme β-glucan 891:898 arg1 % 962:962 53±5.5% 956:962 53±5.5% 956:962 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 6 0 theme β-glucan 891:898 arg1 percentage 877:886 the percentage 873:886 the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS 873:950 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 7 1 theme analysis 1084:1091 arg1 results 1046:1052 results 1046:1052 results of monosaccharide composition analysis 1046:1091 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 1 2 theme bioactive 167:175 arg1 ingredients 177:187 the major bioactive ingredients 157:187 the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp 157:240 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 4 3 theme predicted 592:600 arg1 yield 602:606 the predicted yield 588:606 the predicted yield of EPS 588:613 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 28987356 4 3 theme predicted 592:600 arg1 830.2 mg/L 625:634 830.2 mg/L 625:634 830.2 mg/L 625:634 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 28987356 5 4 theme EPS 758:760 arg1 production 762:771 EPS production 758:771 EPS production 758:771 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 2 5 theme Ganoderma 365:373 arg1 formosanum 375:384 Ganoderma formosanum 365:384 Ganoderma formosanum 365:384 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 7 6 theme monosaccharide 1057:1070 arg1 analysis 1084:1091 monosaccharide composition analysis 1057:1091 monosaccharide composition analysis 1057:1091 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 8 7 theme composition 1287:1297 arg1 influence 1267:1275 the influence 1263:1275 the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition 1263:1366 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 7 8 theme EPS 1157:1159 arg1 component 1130:1138 the major component 1120:1138 the major component of G. formosanum EPS 1120:1159 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 7 8 theme EPS 1157:1159 arg1 glucose 1108:1114 glucose 1108:1114 glucose 1108:1114 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 7 9 theme composition 1072:1082 arg1 analysis 1084:1091 monosaccharide composition analysis 1057:1091 monosaccharide composition analysis 1057:1091 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 2 10 theme formosanum 375:384 arg1 production 351:360 EPS production 347:360 EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum 347:384 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 4 11 theme basic 681:685 arg1 604.5 mg/L 695:704 604.5 mg/L 695:704 604.5 mg/L 695:704 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 28987356 4 11 theme basic 681:685 arg1 medium 687:692 basic medium 681:692 basic medium (604.5 mg/L) 681:705 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 28987356 6 12 from % 962:962 arg1 addition 863:870 addition 863:870 addition 863:870 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 3 13 theme three-factor-three-level 521:544 arg1 design 558:563 a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design 519:563 a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design 519:563 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 6 14 theme previous 1020:1027 arg1 study 1029:1033 a previous study 1018:1033 a previous study 1018:1033 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 5 15 theme prediction 833:842 arg1 model 853:857 the computational prediction response model 815:857 the computational prediction response model 815:857 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 5 16 theme high 784:787 arg1 correlation 789:799 a high correlation 782:799 a high correlation (100.4%) 782:808 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 5 16 theme high 784:787 arg1 % 807:807 100.4% 802:807 100.4% 802:807 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 5 17 theme production 762:771 arg1 value 749:753 the experimental value 732:753 the experimental value of EPS production 732:771 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 3 18 theme Box-Behnken 546:556 arg1 design 558:563 a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design 519:563 a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design 519:563 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 5 19 theme response 844:851 arg1 model 853:857 the computational prediction response model 815:857 the computational prediction response model 815:857 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 0 20 theme active 9:14 arg1 production 45:54 active extracellular polysaccharide production 9:54 active extracellular polysaccharide production 9:54 Enhanced active extracellular polysaccharide production from Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling. 28987356 7 21 theme high 1175:1178 arg1 percentage 1189:1198 a high β-glucan percentage 1173:1198 a high β-glucan percentage in EPS 1173:1205 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 5 22 theme experimental 736:747 arg1 value 749:753 the experimental value 732:753 the experimental value of EPS production 732:771 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 1 23 theme Extracellular 112:124 arg1 polysaccharide 126:139 Extracellular polysaccharide 112:139 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) 112:145 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 1 23 theme Extracellular 112:124 arg1 EPS 142:144 EPS 142:144 EPS 142:144 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 3 24 theme initial 437:443 arg1 5.3 448:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 7 25 theme G. 1143:1144 arg1 EPS 1157:1159 G. formosanum EPS 1143:1159 G. formosanum EPS 1143:1159 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 7 26 from percentage 1189:1198 arg1 EPS 1203:1205 EPS 1203:1205 EPS 1203:1205 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 2 27 theme culture 324:330 arg1 conditions 332:341 the optimal culture conditions 312:341 the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum 312:384 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 3 28 theme pH 445:446 arg1 5.3 448:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 0 29 theme polysaccharide 30:43 arg1 production 45:54 active extracellular polysaccharide production 9:54 active extracellular polysaccharide production 9:54 Enhanced active extracellular polysaccharide production from Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling. 28987356 2 30 theme optimal 316:322 arg1 conditions 332:341 the optimal culture conditions 312:341 the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum 312:384 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 3 31 theme glucose 465:471 arg1 5.3 448:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 3 31 theme glucose 465:471 arg1 4.9 g/L 478:484 4.9 g/L 478:484 4.9 g/L of yeast extract 478:501 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 3 31 theme glucose 465:471 arg1 49.2 g/L 453:460 49.2 g/L 453:460 49.2 g/L of glucose 453:471 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 0 32 theme extracellular 16:28 arg1 production 45:54 active extracellular polysaccharide production 9:54 active extracellular polysaccharide production 9:54 Enhanced active extracellular polysaccharide production from Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling. 28987356 8 33 theme G. 1303:1304 arg1 production 1321:1330 G. formosanum EPS production 1303:1330 G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition 1303:1366 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 1 34 theme ingredients 177:187 arg1 one 150:152 one 150:152 one 150:152 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 1 34 theme ingredients 177:187 arg1 ingredients 177:187 the major bioactive ingredients 157:187 the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp 157:240 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 3 35 theme extract 495:501 arg1 5.3 448:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 initial pH 5.3 437:450 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 3 35 theme extract 495:501 arg1 4.9 g/L 478:484 4.9 g/L 478:484 4.9 g/L of yeast extract 478:501 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 3 35 theme extract 495:501 arg1 49.2 g/L 453:460 49.2 g/L 453:460 49.2 g/L of glucose 453:471 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 6 36 theme Ganoderma 997:1005 arg1 lucidum 1007:1013 Ganoderma lucidum 997:1013 Ganoderma lucidum 997:1013 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 1 37 theme health 209:214 arg1 benefits 216:223 the health benefits 205:223 the health benefits of Ganoderma spp 205:240 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 1 38 theme Ganoderma 228:236 arg1 spp 238:240 Ganoderma spp 228:240 Ganoderma spp 228:240 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 3 39 theme optimum 391:397 arg1 composition 406:416 The optimum medium composition 387:416 The optimum medium composition 387:416 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 1 40 theme spp 238:240 arg1 benefits 216:223 the health benefits 205:223 the health benefits of Ganoderma spp 205:240 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 6 41 theme bioactive 919:927 arg1 polysaccharide 929:942 a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide 901:942 a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide 901:942 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 6 41 theme bioactive 919:927 arg1 β-glucan 891:898 β-glucan 891:898 β-glucan 891:898 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 8 42 theme EPS 1317:1319 arg1 production 1321:1330 G. formosanum EPS production 1303:1330 G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition 1303:1366 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 8 43 theme β-glucan 1347:1354 arg1 composition 1356:1366 its β-glucan composition 1343:1366 G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition 1303:1366 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 8 44 theme first 1236:1240 arg1 study 1242:1246 the first study 1232:1246 the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition 1232:1366 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 8 44 theme first 1236:1240 arg1 this 1224:1227 this 1224:1227 this 1224:1227 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 0 45 theme Ganoderma 61:69 arg1 formosanum 71:80 Ganoderma formosanum 61:80 Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling 61:109 Enhanced active extracellular polysaccharide production from Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling. 28987356 6 46 theme well-recognized 903:917 arg1 polysaccharide 929:942 a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide 901:942 a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide 901:942 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 6 46 theme well-recognized 903:917 arg1 β-glucan 891:898 β-glucan 891:898 β-glucan 891:898 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 7 47 theme β-glucan 1180:1187 arg1 percentage 1189:1198 a high β-glucan percentage 1173:1198 a high β-glucan percentage in EPS 1173:1205 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 3 48 theme yeast 489:493 arg1 extract 495:501 yeast extract 489:501 yeast extract 489:501 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 7 49 theme major 1124:1128 arg1 component 1130:1138 the major component 1120:1138 the major component of G. formosanum EPS 1120:1159 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 7 49 theme major 1124:1128 arg1 glucose 1108:1114 glucose 1108:1114 glucose 1108:1114 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 2 50 theme EPS 347:349 arg1 production 351:360 EPS production 347:360 EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum 347:384 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 2 51 theme surface 267:273 arg1 methodology 275:285 response surface methodology 258:285 response surface methodology 258:285 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 8 52 theme medium 1280:1285 arg1 composition 1287:1297 medium composition 1280:1297 medium composition 1280:1297 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 4 53 theme EPS 611:613 arg1 yield 602:606 the predicted yield 588:606 the predicted yield of EPS 588:613 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 28987356 4 53 theme EPS 611:613 arg1 830.2 mg/L 625:634 830.2 mg/L 625:634 830.2 mg/L 625:634 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 28987356 0 54 theme computational 88:100 arg1 modeling 102:109 computational modeling 88:109 computational modeling 88:109 Enhanced active extracellular polysaccharide production from Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling. 28987356 5 55 theme computational 819:831 arg1 model 853:857 the computational prediction response model 815:857 the computational prediction response model 815:857 Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. 28987356 2 56 theme response 258:265 arg1 methodology 275:285 response surface methodology 258:285 response surface methodology 258:285 In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. 28987356 8 57 dep G. 1303:1304 arg1 formosanum 1306:1315 formosanum 1306:1315 formosanum 1306:1315 Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition. 28987356 6 58 from percentage 877:886 arg1 EPS 948:950 EPS 948:950 EPS 948:950 In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53±5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. 28987356 7 59 theme formosanum 1146:1155 arg1 EPS 1157:1159 G. formosanum EPS 1143:1159 G. formosanum EPS 1143:1159 Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. 28987356 3 60 theme medium 399:404 arg1 composition 406:416 The optimum medium composition 387:416 The optimum medium composition 387:416 The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor-three-level Box-Behnken design. 28987356 1 61 theme major 161:165 arg1 ingredients 177:187 the major bioactive ingredients 157:187 the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp 157:240 Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. 28987356 4 62 from medium 687:692 arg1 one 672:674 the one 668:674 the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L) 668:705 Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). 26743865 5 0 theme liver 1235:1239 arg1 damage 1241:1246 the CCl4-induced acute liver damage 1212:1246 the CCl4-induced acute liver damage 1212:1246 Findings presented in this study clearly demonstrated that MSPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the CCl4-induced acute liver damage. 26743865 0 1 theme marmoreus 93:101 arg1 SK-02 103:107 Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 82:107 Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 82:107 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 3 2 contain had 548:550 arg1 MSPS 543:546 MSPS 543:546 MSPS 543:546 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 3 2 contain had 548:550 arg2 effects 562:568 potential effects 552:568 potential effects 552:568 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 4 3 theme ALT 872:874 arg1 activities 877:886 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities 841:886 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities 841:886 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 1 4 theme bond 179:182 arg1 types 184:188 bond types 179:188 bond types 179:188 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 5 theme glutathione 914:924 arg1 dismutase 958:966 superoxide dismutase 947:966 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 947:972 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 5 theme glutathione 914:924 arg1 peroxidase 926:935 glutathione peroxidase 914:935 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 914:944 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 5 theme glutathione 914:924 arg1 triglyceride 1003:1014 triglyceride 1003:1014 triglyceride 1003:1014 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 5 theme glutathione 914:924 arg1 cholesterol 981:991 total cholesterol 975:991 total cholesterol (TC) 975:996 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 5 theme glutathione 914:924 arg1 GSH-Px 938:943 GSH-Px 938:943 GSH-Px 938:943 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 3 6 theme oxygen 593:598 arg1 species 600:606 scavenging reactive oxygen species 573:606 scavenging reactive oxygen species 573:606 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 5 7 theme natural 1184:1190 arg1 drugs 1192:1196 natural drugs 1184:1196 natural drugs 1184:1196 Findings presented in this study clearly demonstrated that MSPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the CCl4-induced acute liver damage. 26743865 3 8 theme scavenging 573:582 arg1 species 600:606 scavenging reactive oxygen species 573:606 scavenging reactive oxygen species 573:606 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 1 9 theme -induced 283:290 arg1 damage 298:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 10 theme glutamic-pyruvic 841:856 arg1 activities 877:886 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities 841:886 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities 841:886 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 1 11 from properties 167:176 arg1 damage 298:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 3 12 theme potential 552:560 arg1 effects 562:568 potential effects 552:568 potential effects 552:568 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 2 13 theme Characteristic 404:417 arg1 analysis 419:426 Characteristic analysis 404:426 Characteristic analysis of MSPS 404:434 Characteristic analysis of MSPS showed the selenium content (70.15 μg/g) in mycelia. 26743865 4 14 theme superoxide 947:956 arg1 SOD 969:971 SOD 969:971 SOD 969:971 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 14 theme superoxide 947:956 arg1 dismutase 958:966 superoxide dismutase 947:966 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 947:972 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 14 theme superoxide 947:956 arg1 TG 1017:1018 TG 1017:1018 TG 1017:1018 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 14 theme superoxide 947:956 arg1 peroxidase 926:935 glutathione peroxidase 914:935 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 914:944 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 1 15 dep polysaccharides 325:339 arg1 purified 362:369 purified 362:369 purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 362:401 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 15 dep polysaccharides 325:339 arg1 separated 348:356 separated 348:356 separated 348:356 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 16 theme monosaccharide 194:207 arg1 compositions 209:220 monosaccharide compositions 194:220 monosaccharide compositions 194:220 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 17 theme liver 292:296 arg1 damage 298:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 18 theme transaminase 858:869 arg1 activities 877:886 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities 841:886 glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities 841:886 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 19 theme peroxidase 926:935 arg1 levels 904:909 the levels 900:909 the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) 900:1019 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 3 20 theme reactive 584:591 arg1 species 600:606 scavenging reactive oxygen species 573:606 scavenging reactive oxygen species 573:606 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 2 21 theme selenium 447:454 arg1 70.15 μg/g 465:474 70.15 μg/g 465:474 70.15 μg/g 465:474 Characteristic analysis of MSPS showed the selenium content (70.15 μg/g) in mycelia. 26743865 2 21 theme selenium 447:454 arg1 content 456:462 the selenium content 443:462 the selenium content (70.15 μg/g) 443:475 Characteristic analysis of MSPS showed the selenium content (70.15 μg/g) in mycelia. 26743865 0 22 theme Hepatoprotective 16:31 arg1 Activities 33:42 Hepatoprotective Activities 16:42 Hepatoprotective Activities 16:42 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 3 23 dep in 516:517 arg1 vitro 519:523 vitro 519:523 vitro 519:523 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 1 24 dep properties 167:176 arg1 types 184:188 bond types 179:188 bond types 179:188 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 24 dep properties 167:176 arg1 compositions 209:220 monosaccharide compositions 194:220 monosaccharide compositions 194:220 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 25 theme MSPS 659:662 arg1 treatment 646:654 The treatment 642:654 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment 642:697 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 0 26 theme Mycelia 47:53 arg1 Polysaccharide 64:77 Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide 47:77 Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide 47:77 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 27 theme mycelia 308:314 arg1 polysaccharides 325:339 mycelia selenium polysaccharides 308:339 mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 308:401 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 27 theme mycelia 308:314 arg1 MSPS 342:345 MSPS 342:345 MSPS 342:345 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 28 theme CCl4-induced 668:679 arg1 experiment 688:697 CCl4-induced animal experiment 668:697 CCl4-induced animal experiment 668:697 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 3 29 theme reducing 626:633 arg1 power 635:639 the reducing power 622:639 the reducing power 622:639 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 4 30 theme animal 681:686 arg1 experiment 688:697 CCl4-induced animal experiment 668:697 CCl4-induced animal experiment 668:697 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 31 theme total 975:979 arg1 peroxidase 926:935 glutathione peroxidase 914:935 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 914:944 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 31 theme total 975:979 arg1 TC 994:995 TC 994:995 TC 994:995 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 31 theme total 975:979 arg1 cholesterol 981:991 total cholesterol 975:991 total cholesterol (TC) 975:996 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 1 32 theme selenium 316:323 arg1 polysaccharides 325:339 mycelia selenium polysaccharides 308:339 mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 308:401 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 32 theme selenium 316:323 arg1 MSPS 342:345 MSPS 342:345 MSPS 342:345 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 5 33 theme functional 1163:1172 arg1 foods 1174:1178 functional foods 1163:1178 functional foods 1163:1178 Findings presented in this study clearly demonstrated that MSPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the CCl4-induced acute liver damage. 26743865 2 34 theme MSPS 431:434 arg1 analysis 419:426 Characteristic analysis 404:426 Characteristic analysis of MSPS 404:434 Characteristic analysis of MSPS showed the selenium content (70.15 μg/g) in mycelia. 26743865 0 35 theme Polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 0 35 theme Polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 Activities 33:42 Hepatoprotective Activities 16:42 Hepatoprotective Activities 16:42 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 36 theme polysaccharides 325:339 arg1 properties 167:176 the characteristic properties 148:176 the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions) 148:221 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 36 theme polysaccharides 325:339 arg1 effects 245:251 hepatoprotective effects 228:251 hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 228:401 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 3 37 theme in 516:517 arg1 activities 505:514 The antioxidant activities 489:514 The antioxidant activities in vitro 489:523 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 0 38 theme Selenium 55:62 arg1 Polysaccharide 64:77 Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide 47:77 Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide 47:77 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 39 from effects 245:251 arg1 damage 298:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage 256:303 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 40 theme glutamic 797:804 arg1 AST 831:833 AST 831:833 AST 831:833 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 40 theme glutamic 797:804 arg1 transaminase 817:828 glutamic oxalacetic transaminase 797:828 glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) 797:834 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 3 41 theme antioxidant 493:503 arg1 activities 505:514 The antioxidant activities 489:514 The antioxidant activities in vitro 489:523 The antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated that MSPS had potential effects on scavenging reactive oxygen species and enhancing the reducing power. 26743865 4 42 theme lipid 775:779 arg1 LPO 791:793 LPO 791:793 LPO 791:793 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 42 theme lipid 775:779 arg1 peroxide 781:788 lipid peroxide 775:788 lipid peroxide (LPO) 775:794 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 43 theme CCl4-induced 1055:1066 arg1 injures 1068:1074 CCl4-induced injures 1055:1074 CCl4-induced injures 1055:1074 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 0 44 theme Hypsizigus 82:91 arg1 SK-02 103:107 Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 82:107 Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 82:107 Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Mycelia Selenium Polysaccharide by Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 45 theme hepatoprotective 228:243 arg1 effects 245:251 hepatoprotective effects 228:251 hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02 228:401 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 46 theme characteristic 152:165 arg1 properties 167:176 the characteristic properties 148:176 the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions) 148:221 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 47 theme serum/liver 1024:1034 arg1 homogenate 1036:1045 serum/liver homogenate 1024:1045 serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures 1024:1074 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 1 48 theme carbon 256:261 arg1 CCl4 278:281 CCl4 278:281 CCl4 278:281 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 1 48 theme carbon 256:261 arg1 tetrachloride 263:275 carbon tetrachloride 256:275 carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 256:282 This work was designed to investigate the characteristic properties (bond types and monosaccharide compositions), and hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage of mycelia selenium polysaccharides (MSPS) separated and purified from Hypsizigus marmoreus SK-02. 26743865 4 49 theme oxalacetic 806:815 arg1 AST 831:833 AST 831:833 AST 831:833 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 4 49 theme oxalacetic 806:815 arg1 transaminase 817:828 glutamic oxalacetic transaminase 797:828 glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) 797:834 The treatment of MSPS for CCl4-induced animal experiment demonstrated that the MSPS could reduce the levels of malondiadehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) activities and improve the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum/liver homogenate against CCl4-induced injures. 26743865 5 50 theme acute 1229:1233 arg1 damage 1241:1246 the CCl4-induced acute liver damage 1212:1246 the CCl4-induced acute liver damage 1212:1246 Findings presented in this study clearly demonstrated that MSPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the CCl4-induced acute liver damage. 26743865 5 51 theme CCl4-induced 1216:1227 arg1 damage 1241:1246 the CCl4-induced acute liver damage 1212:1246 the CCl4-induced acute liver damage 1212:1246 Findings presented in this study clearly demonstrated that MSPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the CCl4-induced acute liver damage. 26428128 5 0 theme ratios 721:726 arg1 disaccharides 750:762 the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides 717:762 the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides 717:762 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 1 1 theme grade 333:337 arg1 CS 339:340 analytical grade CS 322:340 analytical grade CS 322:340 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 2 2 theme gel 351:353 arg1 electrophoresis 355:369 Agarose gel electrophoresis 343:369 Agarose gel electrophoresis 343:369 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 5 3 from present 680:686 arg1 samples 708:714 the five CS-rich samples 691:714 the five CS-rich samples 691:714 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 0 4 theme contaminants 84:95 arg1 identification 66:79 identification 66:79 identification 66:79 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 0 4 theme contaminants 84:95 arg1 analysis 53:60 Structural analysis 42:60 Structural analysis 42:60 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 2 5 theme Agarose 343:349 arg1 electrophoresis 355:369 Agarose gel electrophoresis 343:369 Agarose gel electrophoresis 343:369 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 0 6 theme commercial 110:119 arg1 preparations 121:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 1 7 from comparison 300:309 arg1 structure 257:265 structure 257:265 structure 257:265 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 7 from comparison 300:309 arg1 presence 271:278 presence 271:278 presence 271:278 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 3 8 theme carbohydrate 479:490 arg1 FACE 452:455 FACE 452:455 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) 452:507 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 8 theme carbohydrate 479:490 arg1 electrophoresis 492:506 fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 458:506 fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 458:506 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 7 9 theme pharmaceutical 1142:1155 arg1 CS 1163:1164 pharmaceutical grade CS 1142:1164 pharmaceutical grade CS 1142:1164 In conclusion, our findings indicate that the composition of CS preparations not always corresponds to the manufacturers' descriptions, and indicate that further characterization should be required for the registry and license of pharmaceutical grade CS. 26428128 0 10 theme different 100:108 arg1 preparations 121:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 5 11 theme CS 677:678 arg1 structure 660:668 the structure 656:668 the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples 656:714 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 5 12 dep 1.7 783:785 arg1 to 780:781 to 780:781 to 780:781 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 5 13 theme CS-rich 700:706 arg1 samples 708:714 the five CS-rich samples 691:714 the five CS-rich samples 691:714 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 0 14 from analysis 53:60 arg1 preparations 121:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 5 15 theme modal 798:802 arg1 weight 814:819 their modal molecular weight 792:819 their modal molecular weight 792:819 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 2 16 contain contained 424:432 arg1 11 421:422 11 421:422 11 421:422 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 2 16 contain contained 424:432 arg2 CS 448:449 less than 15% CS 434:449 less than 15% CS 434:449 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 3 17 from lactose 582:588 arg1 two 593:595 two 593:595 two 593:595 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 17 from lactose 582:588 arg1 them 572:575 them 572:575 them 572:575 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 17 from lactose 582:588 arg1 nine 564:567 nine 564:567 nine 564:567 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 6 18 theme small 872:876 arg1 amounts 878:884 small amounts 872:884 small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%) 872:909 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 6 18 theme small 872:876 arg1 sulfate 897:903 keratan sulfate 889:903 keratan sulfate (<1%) 889:909 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 6 18 theme small 872:876 arg1 % 908:908 <1% 906:908 <1% 906:908 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 0 19 theme grade 15:19 arg1 sulfate 33:39 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate 0:39 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 0:133 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 5 20 theme 4-sulfated:6-sulfated 728:748 arg1 disaccharides 750:762 the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides 717:762 the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides 717:762 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 7 21 theme grade 1157:1161 arg1 CS 1163:1164 pharmaceutical grade CS 1142:1164 pharmaceutical grade CS 1142:1164 In conclusion, our findings indicate that the composition of CS preparations not always corresponds to the manufacturers' descriptions, and indicate that further characterization should be required for the registry and license of pharmaceutical grade CS. 26428128 3 22 theme main 544:547 arg1 maltodextrin 523:534 maltodextrin 523:534 maltodextrin 523:534 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 22 theme main 544:547 arg1 contaminant 549:559 the main contaminant 540:559 the main contaminant in nine of them 540:575 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 5 23 attach present 680:686 arg1 samples 708:714 the five CS-rich samples 691:714 the five CS-rich samples 691:714 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 5 23 attach present 680:686 arg2 structure 660:668 the structure 656:668 the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples 656:714 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 1 24 theme pharmaceutical 187:200 arg1 samples 233:239 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples 184:239 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples 184:239 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 0 25 theme Pharmaceutical 0:13 arg1 sulfate 33:39 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate 0:39 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 0:133 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 1 26 from contaminants 283:294 arg1 comparison 300:309 comparison 300:309 comparison to USP and analytical grade CS 300:340 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 27 theme grade 202:206 arg1 sulfate 220:226 grade chondroitin sulfate 202:226 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples 184:239 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 27 theme grade 202:206 arg1 CS 229:230 CS 229:230 CS 229:230 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 7 28 theme CS 973:974 arg1 preparations 976:987 CS preparations 973:987 CS preparations 973:987 In conclusion, our findings indicate that the composition of CS preparations not always corresponds to the manufacturers' descriptions, and indicate that further characterization should be required for the registry and license of pharmaceutical grade CS. 26428128 1 29 theme contaminants 283:294 arg1 structure 257:265 structure 257:265 structure 257:265 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 29 theme contaminants 283:294 arg1 presence 271:278 presence 271:278 presence 271:278 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 30 theme chondroitin 208:218 arg1 sulfate 220:226 grade chondroitin sulfate 202:226 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples 184:239 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 30 theme chondroitin 208:218 arg1 CS 229:230 CS 229:230 CS 229:230 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 0 31 theme chondroitin 21:31 arg1 sulfate 33:39 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate 0:39 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 0:133 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 7 32 theme preparations 976:987 arg1 composition 958:968 the composition 954:968 the composition of CS preparations 954:987 In conclusion, our findings indicate that the composition of CS preparations not always corresponds to the manufacturers' descriptions, and indicate that further characterization should be required for the registry and license of pharmaceutical grade CS. 26428128 1 33 from presence 271:278 arg1 comparison 300:309 comparison 300:309 comparison to USP and analytical grade CS 300:340 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 3 34 theme fluorophore-assisted 458:477 arg1 FACE 452:455 FACE 452:455 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) 452:507 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 34 theme fluorophore-assisted 458:477 arg1 electrophoresis 492:506 fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 458:506 fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis 458:506 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 1 35 theme sulfate 220:226 arg1 samples 233:239 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples 184:239 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples 184:239 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 0 36 theme Structural 42:51 arg1 analysis 53:60 Structural analysis 42:60 Structural analysis 42:60 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 5 37 theme present 680:686 arg1 structure 660:668 the structure 656:668 the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples 656:714 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 5 38 from samples 708:714 arg1 present 680:686 present 680:686 present 680:686 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 5 39 theme molecular 804:812 arg1 weight 814:819 their modal molecular weight 792:819 their modal molecular weight 792:819 Concerning the structure of the CS present in the five CS-rich samples, the ratios 4-sulfated:6-sulfated disaccharides varied from 0.9 to 1.7, and their modal molecular weight was 20-29 kDa. 26428128 6 40 theme sulfate 897:903 arg1 amounts 878:884 small amounts 872:884 small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%) 872:909 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 6 40 theme sulfate 897:903 arg1 sulfate 897:903 keratan sulfate 889:903 keratan sulfate (<1%) 889:909 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 6 40 theme sulfate 897:903 arg1 % 908:908 <1% 906:908 <1% 906:908 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 1 41 from structure 257:265 arg1 comparison 300:309 comparison 300:309 comparison to USP and analytical grade CS 300:340 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 3 42 theme them 572:575 arg1 them 572:575 them 572:575 them 572:575 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 42 theme them 572:575 arg1 nine 564:567 nine 564:567 nine 564:567 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 4 43 theme Raman 598:602 arg1 spectroscopy 604:615 Raman spectroscopy 598:615 Raman spectroscopy 598:615 Raman spectroscopy corroborated these results. 26428128 6 44 theme keratan 889:895 arg1 sulfate 897:903 keratan sulfate 889:903 keratan sulfate (<1%) 889:909 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 6 44 theme keratan 889:895 arg1 % 908:908 <1% 906:908 <1% 906:908 Also, they were all contaminated by small amounts of keratan sulfate (<1%). 26428128 2 45 dep CS 448:449 arg1 % 446:446 % 446:446 % 446:446 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 0 46 from identification 66:79 arg1 preparations 121:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 different commercial preparations 100:132 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 7 47 theme further 1066:1072 arg1 characterization 1074:1089 further characterization 1066:1089 further characterization 1066:1089 In conclusion, our findings indicate that the composition of CS preparations not always corresponds to the manufacturers' descriptions, and indicate that further characterization should be required for the registry and license of pharmaceutical grade CS. 26428128 2 48 dep % 446:446 arg1 15 444:445 15 444:445 15 444:445 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 0 49 dep sulfate 33:39 arg1 identification 66:79 identification 66:79 identification 66:79 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 0 49 dep sulfate 33:39 arg1 analysis 53:60 Structural analysis 42:60 Structural analysis 42:60 Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate: Structural analysis and identification of contaminants in different commercial preparations. 26428128 7 50 dep always 993:998 arg1 not 989:991 not 989:991 not 989:991 In conclusion, our findings indicate that the composition of CS preparations not always corresponds to the manufacturers' descriptions, and indicate that further characterization should be required for the registry and license of pharmaceutical grade CS. 26428128 1 51 dep structure 257:265 arg1 the 253:255 the 253:255 the 253:255 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 1 52 theme present 150:156 arg1 study 158:162 the present study 146:162 the present study 146:162 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 3 53 from contaminant 549:559 arg1 two 593:595 two 593:595 two 593:595 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 53 from contaminant 549:559 arg1 them 572:575 them 572:575 them 572:575 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 3 53 from contaminant 549:559 arg1 nine 564:567 nine 564:567 nine 564:567 FACE (fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis) revealed that maltodextrin was the main contaminant in nine of them, and lactose in two. 26428128 1 54 theme analytical 322:331 arg1 CS 339:340 analytical grade CS 322:340 analytical grade CS 322:340 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26428128 2 55 theme CS 411:412 arg1 % 409:409 >90% CS 406:412 >90% CS 406:412 Agarose gel electrophoresis has shown that only 5 samples were >90% CS, while 11 contained less than 15% CS. 26428128 1 56 theme study 158:162 arg1 aim 139:141 The aim 135:141 The aim of the present study 135:162 The aim of the present study was to characterize 16 pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate (CS) samples, concerning the structure and presence of contaminants, in comparison to USP and analytical grade CS. 26417422 9 0 theme mass 1383:1386 arg1 " 1398:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 9 0 theme mass 1383:1386 arg1 standards 1455:1463 important standards 1445:1463 important standards 1445:1463 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 7 1 theme >98 1185:1187 arg1 % 1188:1188 % 1188:1188 % 1188:1188 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 2 theme performance 1088:1098 arg1 chromatography 1107:1120 High performance liquid chromatography 1083:1120 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column 1083:1141 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 1 3 theme due 175:177 arg1 tasks 169:173 challenging tasks 157:173 challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans 157:237 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 4 from characterization 82:97 arg1 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 5 5 theme robust 933:938 arg1 glycosyltransferases 940:959 4 robust glycosyltransferases 931:959 4 robust glycosyltransferases 931:959 Each of these core structures was then extended to 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases. 26417422 7 6 from purification 1171:1182 arg1 scales 1224:1229 milligram scales 1214:1229 milligram scales 1214:1229 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 7 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 purity 1190:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 7 theme % 1188:1188 arg1 purification 1171:1182 rapid and efficient purification 1151:1182 rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales 1151:1229 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 4 8 theme consistent 703:712 arg1 use 714:716 consistent use 703:716 consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers 703:745 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 9 theme fragment 789:796 arg1 strategy 807:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 1 10 from Quantification 66:79 arg1 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 6 11 with Success 962:968 arg1 Neu5Gc 1001:1006 Neu5Gc 1001:1006 Neu5Gc 1001:1006 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 6 11 with Success 962:968 arg1 core-fucosylation 1012:1028 core-fucosylation 1012:1028 core-fucosylation 1012:1028 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 9 12 theme CSEE 1334:1337 arg1 strategy 1339:1346 The CSEE strategy 1330:1346 The CSEE strategy 1330:1346 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 4 13 theme convergent 778:787 arg1 strategy 807:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 9 14 theme production 1388:1397 arg1 " 1398:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 9 14 theme production 1388:1397 arg1 standards 1455:1463 important standards 1445:1463 important standards 1445:1463 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 3 15 theme diverse 498:504 arg1 N-glycans 506:514 diverse N-glycans 498:514 diverse N-glycans 498:514 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 4 16 theme GlcNAc 652:657 arg1 s 668:668 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 2 17 dep N-glycans 281:289 arg1 isomers 303:309 isomers 303:309 especially isomers 292:309 The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries is essential to help on solving these tasks. 26417422 5 18 theme core 831:834 arg1 structures 836:845 these core structures 825:845 these core structures 825:845 Each of these core structures was then extended to 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases. 26417422 1 19 from proteins 141:148 arg1 characterization 82:97 characterization 82:97 characterization 82:97 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 19 from proteins 141:148 arg1 studies 117:123 biofunctional studies 103:123 biofunctional studies 103:123 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 19 from proteins 141:148 arg1 Quantification 66:79 Quantification 66:79 Quantification 66:79 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 3 20 theme chemoenzymatic 399:412 arg1 Extension 456:464 Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension 431:464 namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE) 424:471 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 3 20 theme chemoenzymatic 399:412 arg1 strategy 414:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 5 21 theme N-glycan 876:883 arg1 sequences 885:893 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences 868:893 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences 868:893 Each of these core structures was then extended to 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases. 26417422 0 22 theme Chemoenzymatic 10:23 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis 0:33 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library 0:63 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library. 26417422 6 23 gly core-fucosylation 1012:1028 arg1 Success 962:968 Success 962:968 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation 962:1028 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 3 24 theme Synthesis/Enzymatic 436:454 arg1 CSEE 467:470 CSEE 467:470 CSEE 467:470 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 3 24 theme Synthesis/Enzymatic 436:454 arg1 Extension 456:464 Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension 431:464 namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE) 424:471 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 3 24 theme Synthesis/Enzymatic 436:454 arg1 strategy 414:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 0 25 theme Efficient 0:8 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis 0:33 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library 0:63 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library. 26417422 9 26 theme practical 1359:1367 arg1 approach 1369:1376 a practical approach 1357:1376 a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience 1357:1491 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 7 27 theme rapid 1151:1155 arg1 purity 1190:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 27 theme rapid 1151:1155 arg1 purification 1171:1182 rapid and efficient purification 1151:1182 rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales 1151:1229 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 1 28 from N-glycans 128:136 arg1 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 29 theme biofunctional 103:115 arg1 studies 117:123 biofunctional studies 103:123 biofunctional studies 103:123 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 7 30 with chromatography 1107:1120 arg1 column 1136:1141 an amide column 1127:1141 an amide column 1127:1141 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 4 31 from donors 764:769 arg1 strategy 807:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 7 32 theme amide 1130:1134 arg1 column 1136:1141 an amide column 1127:1141 an amide column 1127:1141 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 33 theme efficient 1161:1169 arg1 purity 1190:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 33 theme efficient 1161:1169 arg1 purification 1171:1182 rapid and efficient purification 1151:1182 rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales 1151:1229 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 1 34 theme low 208:210 arg1 abundance 212:220 low abundance 208:220 low abundance 208:220 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 4 35 theme glycosylation 750:762 arg1 structures 586:595 8 N-glycan core structures 570:595 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 570:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 35 theme glycosylation 750:762 arg1 donors 764:769 glycosylation donors 750:769 glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy 750:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 36 theme core 581:584 arg1 structures 586:595 8 N-glycan core structures 570:595 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 570:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 36 theme core 581:584 arg1 donors 764:769 glycosylation donors 750:769 glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy 750:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 37 theme terminal 619:626 arg1 s 668:668 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 2 38 theme libraries 312:320 arg1 availability 244:255 The availability 240:255 The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries 240:320 The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries is essential to help on solving these tasks. 26417422 2 38 theme libraries 312:320 arg1 essential 325:333 essential 325:333 essential 325:333 The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries is essential to help on solving these tasks. 26417422 3 39 theme rapid 478:482 arg1 production 484:493 rapid production 478:493 rapid production of diverse N-glycans 478:514 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 0 40 theme N-glycan 41:48 arg1 Library 57:63 an N-glycan Isomer Library 38:63 an N-glycan Isomer Library 38:63 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library. 26417422 4 41 theme N-glycan 572:579 arg1 structures 586:595 8 N-glycan core structures 570:595 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 570:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 41 theme N-glycan 572:579 arg1 donors 764:769 glycosylation donors 750:769 glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy 750:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 3 42 theme Core 431:434 arg1 CSEE 467:470 CSEE 467:470 CSEE 467:470 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 3 42 theme Core 431:434 arg1 Extension 456:464 Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension 431:464 namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE) 424:471 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 3 42 theme Core 431:434 arg1 strategy 414:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 4 43 theme prepared 544:551 arg1 blocks 562:567 5 chemically prepared building blocks 531:567 5 chemically prepared building blocks 531:567 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 7 44 theme N-glycans 1201:1209 arg1 purity 1190:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 >98% purity 1185:1195 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 7 44 theme N-glycans 1201:1209 arg1 purification 1171:1182 rapid and efficient purification 1151:1182 rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales 1151:1229 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 9 45 theme N-glycans 1424:1432 arg1 " 1398:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 9 45 theme N-glycans 1424:1432 arg1 standards 1455:1463 important standards 1445:1463 important standards 1445:1463 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 4 46 theme residue 660:666 arg1 s 668:668 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 0 47 theme Library 57:63 arg1 Synthesis 25:33 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis 0:33 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library 0:63 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library. 26417422 5 48 theme enzymatic 898:906 arg1 reactions 908:916 enzymatic reactions 898:916 enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases 898:959 Each of these core structures was then extended to 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases. 26417422 7 49 theme liquid 1100:1105 arg1 chromatography 1107:1120 High performance liquid chromatography 1083:1120 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column 1083:1141 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 5 50 dep 15 873:874 arg1 to 870:871 to 870:871 to 870:871 Each of these core structures was then extended to 5 to 15 N-glycan sequences by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by 4 robust glycosyltransferases. 26417422 7 51 theme High 1083:1086 arg1 chromatography 1107:1120 High performance liquid chromatography 1083:1120 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column 1083:1141 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 1 52 theme N-glycans 128:136 arg1 characterization 82:97 characterization 82:97 characterization 82:97 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 52 theme N-glycans 128:136 arg1 studies 117:123 biofunctional studies 103:123 biofunctional studies 103:123 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 52 theme N-glycans 128:136 arg1 Quantification 66:79 Quantification 66:79 Quantification 66:79 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 0 53 theme Isomer 50:55 arg1 Library 57:63 an N-glycan Isomer Library 38:63 an N-glycan Isomer Library 38:63 Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of an N-glycan Isomer Library. 26417422 6 54 from Success 962:968 arg1 N-glycans 986:994 synthesizing N-glycans 973:994 synthesizing N-glycans 973:994 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 4 55 contain containing 597:606 arg1 structures 586:595 8 N-glycan core structures 570:595 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 570:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 55 contain containing 597:606 arg2 s 668:668 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 55 contain containing 597:606 arg1 donors 764:769 glycosylation donors 750:769 glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy 750:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 8 56 theme N-glycans 1246:1254 arg1 total 1234:1238 A total 1232:1238 A total of 73 N-glycans (63 isomers) 1232:1267 A total of 73 N-glycans (63 isomers) were successfully prepared and characterized by MS2 and NMR. 26417422 3 57 theme N-glycans 506:514 arg1 production 484:493 rapid production 478:493 rapid production of diverse N-glycans 478:514 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 1 58 from studies 117:123 arg1 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 proteins 141:148 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 4 59 theme building 553:560 arg1 blocks 562:567 5 chemically prepared building blocks 531:567 5 chemically prepared building blocks 531:567 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 4 60 theme oligosaccharyl 721:734 arg1 thioethers 736:745 oligosaccharyl thioethers 721:745 oligosaccharyl thioethers 721:745 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 2 61 theme N-glycans 281:289 arg1 libraries 312:320 structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries 260:320 structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries 260:320 The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries is essential to help on solving these tasks. 26417422 1 62 theme glycans 231:237 arg1 diversity 194:202 diversity 194:202 diversity 194:202 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 62 theme glycans 231:237 arg1 abundance 212:220 low abundance 208:220 low abundance 208:220 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 1 62 theme glycans 231:237 arg1 complexity 182:191 complexity 182:191 complexity 182:191 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 4 63 theme coupling 798:805 arg1 strategy 807:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 the convergent fragment coupling strategy 774:814 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 9 64 theme defined 1416:1422 arg1 N-glycans 1424:1432 structurally defined N-glycans 1403:1432 structurally defined N-glycans 1403:1432 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 2 65 theme defined 273:279 arg1 N-glycans 281:289 structurally defined N-glycans 260:289 structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries 260:320 The availability of structurally defined N-glycans (especially isomers) libraries is essential to help on solving these tasks. 26417422 4 66 theme thioethers 736:745 arg1 use 714:716 consistent use 703:716 consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers 703:745 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 26417422 6 67 theme extension 1072:1080 arg1 ability 1051:1057 the ability 1047:1057 the ability of enzymatic extension 1047:1080 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 1 68 theme challenging 157:167 arg1 tasks 169:173 challenging tasks 157:173 challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans 157:237 Quantification, characterization and biofunctional studies of N-glycans on proteins remain challenging tasks due to complexity, diversity and low abundance of these glycans. 26417422 6 69 theme enzymatic 1062:1070 arg1 extension 1072:1080 enzymatic extension 1062:1080 enzymatic extension 1062:1080 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 9 70 theme important 1445:1453 arg1 " 1398:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 "mass production" 1382:1398 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 9 70 theme important 1445:1453 arg1 standards 1455:1463 important standards 1445:1463 important standards 1445:1463 The CSEE strategy provides a practical approach for "mass production" of structurally defined N-glycans, which are important standards and probes for Glycoscience. 26417422 7 71 theme milligram 1214:1222 arg1 scales 1224:1229 milligram scales 1214:1229 milligram scales 1214:1229 High performance liquid chromatography with an amide column enabled rapid and efficient purification (>98% purity) of N-glycans in milligram scales. 26417422 3 72 theme efficient 389:397 arg1 Extension 456:464 Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension 431:464 namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE) 424:471 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 3 72 theme efficient 389:397 arg1 strategy 414:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy 386:421 We reported herein an efficient chemoenzymatic strategy, namely Core Synthesis/Enzymatic Extension (CSEE), for rapid production of diverse N-glycans. 26417422 6 73 theme synthesizing 973:984 arg1 N-glycans 986:994 synthesizing N-glycans 973:994 synthesizing N-glycans 973:994 Success in synthesizing N-glycans with Neu5Gc and core-fucosylation further expanded the ability of enzymatic extension. 26417422 4 74 theme N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 628:649 arg1 s 668:668 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) 608:669 Starting with 5 chemically prepared building blocks, 8 N-glycan core structures containing one or two terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue(s) were chemically synthesized via consistent use of oligosaccharyl thioethers as glycosylation donors in the convergent fragment coupling strategy. 25175184 5 0 dep gellan-gum 890:899 arg1 spongy-like 902:912 spongy-like 902:912 spongy-like 902:912 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 1 theme human-adipose-derived 815:835 arg1 cells 842:846 human-adipose-derived stem cells 815:846 human-adipose-derived stem cells 815:846 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 2 from use 1032:1034 arg1 engineering 1051:1061 bone-tissue engineering 1039:1061 bone-tissue engineering 1039:1061 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 6 3 dep either 1155:1160 arg1 alone 1162:1166 alone 1162:1166 alone 1162:1166 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 5 4 link human-adipose-derived 815:835 arg1 cells 842:846 human-adipose-derived stem cells 815:846 human-adipose-derived stem cells 815:846 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 4 5 theme body 790:793 arg1 fluid 795:799 simulated body fluid 780:799 simulated body fluid 780:799 Nevertheless, by incorporating the bioactive-glass particles, the composite material acquired the ability to form an apatite layer when soaked in simulated body fluid. 25175184 5 6 theme bone-tissue 1039:1049 arg1 engineering 1051:1061 bone-tissue engineering 1039:1061 bone-tissue engineering 1039:1061 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 3 7 theme mechanical 421:430 arg1 properties 432:441 These mechanical properties 415:441 These mechanical properties 415:441 These mechanical properties were found to be dependent on the composition and improved with the amount of bioactive glass; however, values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading were not achieved in this study. 25175184 1 8 theme bioactive-glass-reinforced 112:137 arg1 materials 202:210 novel hydrophilic materials 184:210 novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering 184:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 8 theme bioactive-glass-reinforced 112:137 arg1 GG-BAG 173:178 GG-BAG 173:178 GG-BAG 173:178 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 8 theme bioactive-glass-reinforced 112:137 arg1 hydrogels 162:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels 112:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) 112:179 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 9 theme bioactive 944:952 arg1 glass 954:958 the bioactive glass 940:958 the bioactive glass 940:958 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 10 theme gellan-gum 139:148 arg1 materials 202:210 novel hydrophilic materials 184:210 novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering 184:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 10 theme gellan-gum 139:148 arg1 GG-BAG 173:178 GG-BAG 173:178 GG-BAG 173:178 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 10 theme gellan-gum 139:148 arg1 hydrogels 162:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels 112:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) 112:179 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 2 11 theme mechanical 376:385 arg1 properties 387:396 the mechanical properties 372:396 the mechanical properties of the material 372:412 The reinforcement with bioactive-glass particles resulted in an improvement to the microstructure and to the mechanical properties of the material. 25175184 6 12 theme promising 1124:1132 arg1 biomaterials 1134:1145 promising biomaterials 1124:1145 promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation 1124:1242 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 6 12 theme promising 1124:1132 arg1 hydrogels 1070:1078 hydrogels 1070:1078 hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass 1070:1118 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 5 13 theme gellan-gum 890:899 arg1 hydrogels 914:922 the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels 886:922 the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass 886:958 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 2 14 with reinforcement 271:283 arg1 particles 306:314 bioactive-glass particles 290:314 bioactive-glass particles 290:314 The reinforcement with bioactive-glass particles resulted in an improvement to the microstructure and to the mechanical properties of the material. 25175184 5 15 theme important 992:1000 arg1 result 1002:1007 an important result 989:1007 an important result 989:1007 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 15 theme important 992:1000 arg1 which 980:984 which 980:984 which 980:984 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 6 16 dep use 1151:1153 arg1 either 1155:1160 either 1155:1160 either 1155:1160 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 6 16 dep use 1151:1153 arg1 cells 1176:1180 cells 1176:1180 cells 1176:1180 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 3 17 theme glass 531:535 arg1 amount 511:516 the amount 507:516 the amount of bioactive glass 507:535 These mechanical properties were found to be dependent on the composition and improved with the amount of bioactive glass; however, values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading were not achieved in this study. 25175184 3 17 theme glass 531:535 arg1 glass 531:535 bioactive glass 521:535 bioactive glass 521:535 These mechanical properties were found to be dependent on the composition and improved with the amount of bioactive glass; however, values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading were not achieved in this study. 25175184 1 18 theme spongy-like 150:160 arg1 materials 202:210 novel hydrophilic materials 184:210 novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering 184:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 18 theme spongy-like 150:160 arg1 GG-BAG 173:178 GG-BAG 173:178 GG-BAG 173:178 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 18 theme spongy-like 150:160 arg1 hydrogels 162:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels 112:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) 112:179 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 19 dep able 853:856 arg1 spread 872:877 spread 872:877 spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass 872:958 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 19 dep able 853:856 arg1 adhere 861:866 adhere 861:866 adhere 861:866 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 5 19 dep able 853:856 arg1 remain 965:970 remain 965:970 remain viable 965:977 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 6 20 with biomaterials 1134:1145 arg1 potential 1196:1204 the potential 1192:1204 the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation 1192:1242 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 6 21 from use 1210:1212 arg1 differentiation 1228:1242 osteogenic differentiation 1217:1242 osteogenic differentiation 1217:1242 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 4 22 theme composite 700:708 arg1 material 710:717 the composite material 696:717 the composite material 696:717 Nevertheless, by incorporating the bioactive-glass particles, the composite material acquired the ability to form an apatite layer when soaked in simulated body fluid. 25175184 0 23 theme bone-tissue 68:78 arg1 engineering 80:90 bone-tissue engineering 68:90 bone-tissue engineering 68:90 Nanoparticulate bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum hydrogels for bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 2 24 theme material 405:412 arg1 properties 387:396 the mechanical properties 372:396 the mechanical properties of the material 372:412 The reinforcement with bioactive-glass particles resulted in an improvement to the microstructure and to the mechanical properties of the material. 25175184 6 25 theme bioactive 1104:1112 arg1 glass 1114:1118 bioactive glass 1104:1118 bioactive glass 1104:1118 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 2 26 theme bioactive-glass 290:304 arg1 particles 306:314 bioactive-glass particles 290:314 bioactive-glass particles 290:314 The reinforcement with bioactive-glass particles resulted in an improvement to the microstructure and to the mechanical properties of the material. 25175184 3 27 theme bioactive 521:529 arg1 glass 531:535 bioactive glass 521:535 bioactive glass 521:535 These mechanical properties were found to be dependent on the composition and improved with the amount of bioactive glass; however, values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading were not achieved in this study. 25175184 4 28 theme simulated 780:788 arg1 fluid 795:799 simulated body fluid 780:799 simulated body fluid 780:799 Nevertheless, by incorporating the bioactive-glass particles, the composite material acquired the ability to form an apatite layer when soaked in simulated body fluid. 25175184 3 29 theme necessary 554:562 arg1 values 547:552 values 547:552 values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading 547:599 These mechanical properties were found to be dependent on the composition and improved with the amount of bioactive glass; however, values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading were not achieved in this study. 25175184 1 30 theme hydrophilic 190:200 arg1 materials 202:210 novel hydrophilic materials 184:210 novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering 184:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 30 theme hydrophilic 190:200 arg1 hydrogels 162:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels 112:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) 112:179 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 6 31 theme gellan 1089:1094 arg1 gum 1096:1098 gellan gum 1089:1098 gellan gum 1089:1098 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 1 32 from scaffolding 227:237 arg1 engineering 254:264 bone-tissue engineering 242:264 bone-tissue engineering 242:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 33 theme novel 184:188 arg1 materials 202:210 novel hydrophilic materials 184:210 novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering 184:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 33 theme novel 184:188 arg1 hydrogels 162:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels 112:170 bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) 112:179 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 4 34 theme bioactive-glass 669:683 arg1 particles 685:693 the bioactive-glass particles 665:693 the bioactive-glass particles 665:693 Nevertheless, by incorporating the bioactive-glass particles, the composite material acquired the ability to form an apatite layer when soaked in simulated body fluid. 25175184 5 35 theme stem 837:840 arg1 cells 842:846 human-adipose-derived stem cells 815:846 human-adipose-derived stem cells 815:846 Furthermore, human-adipose-derived stem cells were able to adhere and spread within the gellan-gum, spongy-like hydrogels reinforced with the bioactive glass, and remain viable, which is an important result when considering their use in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 1 36 theme bone-tissue 242:252 arg1 engineering 254:264 bone-tissue engineering 242:264 bone-tissue engineering 242:264 This work presents bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum spongy-like hydrogels (GG-BAG) as novel hydrophilic materials for use as the scaffolding in bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 3 37 theme biomechanical 579:591 arg1 loading 593:599 biomechanical loading 579:599 biomechanical loading 579:599 These mechanical properties were found to be dependent on the composition and improved with the amount of bioactive glass; however, values necessary to accommodate biomechanical loading were not achieved in this study. 25175184 6 38 theme osteogenic 1217:1226 arg1 differentiation 1228:1242 osteogenic differentiation 1217:1242 osteogenic differentiation 1217:1242 Thus, hydrogels based on gellan gum and bioactive glass are promising biomaterials for use either alone or with cells, and with the potential for use in osteogenic differentiation. 25175184 0 39 theme gellan-gum 43:52 arg1 hydrogels 54:62 gellan-gum hydrogels 43:62 gellan-gum hydrogels for bone-tissue engineering 43:90 Nanoparticulate bioactive-glass-reinforced gellan-gum hydrogels for bone-tissue engineering. 25175184 4 40 theme apatite 751:757 arg1 layer 759:763 an apatite layer 748:763 an apatite layer 748:763 Nevertheless, by incorporating the bioactive-glass particles, the composite material acquired the ability to form an apatite layer when soaked in simulated body fluid. 26344493 6 0 dep polysaccharides 1002:1016 arg1 Da 1034:1035 from 2.11×10(6)Da 1019:1035 from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da 1019:1051 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 10 1 theme macrophages 1526:1536 arg1 activities 1550:1559 higher macrophages stimulation activities 1519:1559 higher macrophages stimulation activities 1519:1559 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 8 2 theme monosaccharide 1249:1262 arg1 components 1264:1273 monosaccharide components 1249:1273 monosaccharide components 1249:1273 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 6 3 theme Large-molecular-weight 979:1000 arg1 polysaccharides 1002:1016 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides 979:1016 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) 979:1052 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 11 4 theme Submerged 1562:1570 arg1 culture 1572:1578 Submerged culture 1562:1578 Submerged culture 1562:1578 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 11 4 theme Submerged 1562:1570 arg1 method 1607:1612 a suitable method 1596:1612 a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost 1596:1700 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 11 5 theme culture 1669:1675 arg1 span 1677:1680 its short culture span 1659:1680 its short culture span 1659:1680 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 3 6 theme extraction 619:628 arg1 yields 630:635 high extraction yields 614:635 high extraction yields of polysaccharides 614:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 9 7 theme 50 1297:1298 arg1 % 1299:1299 % 1299:1299 % 1299:1299 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 0 8 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 characteristics 16:30 Physicochemical characteristics 0:30 Physicochemical characteristics 0:30 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 7 9 theme solid 1155:1159 arg1 products 1171:1178 solid fermented products 1155:1178 solid fermented products 1155:1178 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components were found in solid fermented products. 26344493 9 10 theme ethanol 1301:1307 arg1 fractions 1322:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions 1293:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions 1293:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 4 11 from weight 752:757 arg1 materials 809:817 these three materials 797:817 these three materials 797:817 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 7 12 located found 1146:1150 arg2 components 1130:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components 1087:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components 1087:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components were found in solid fermented products. 26344493 7 12 located found 1146:1150 arg1 products 1171:1178 solid fermented products 1155:1178 solid fermented products 1155:1178 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components were found in solid fermented products. 26344493 0 13 from baumii 101:106 arg1 characteristics 16:30 Physicochemical characteristics 0:30 Physicochemical characteristics 0:30 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 0 13 from baumii 101:106 arg1 activities 47:56 biological activities 36:56 biological activities 36:56 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 0 13 from baumii 101:106 arg1 fractions 76:84 polysaccharide fractions 61:84 polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii 61:106 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 1 14 theme state 240:244 arg1 products 256:263 solid state fermented products 234:263 solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii 234:283 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 7 15 theme lower-molecular-weight 1092:1113 arg1 components 1130:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components 1087:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components 1087:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components were found in solid fermented products. 26344493 3 16 theme higher 670:675 arg1 contents 692:699 higher polysaccharide contents 670:699 higher polysaccharide contents 670:699 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 1 17 theme polysaccharide 146:159 arg1 fractions 161:169 Nine polysaccharide fractions 141:169 Nine polysaccharide fractions 141:169 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 6 18 dep Da 1034:1035 arg1 Da 1050:1051 2.01×10(7)Da 1040:1051 from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da 1019:1051 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 6 18 dep Da 1034:1035 arg1 to 1037:1038 to 1037:1038 to 1037:1038 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 11 19 theme reasonable 1686:1695 arg1 cost 1697:1700 reasonable cost 1686:1700 reasonable cost 1686:1700 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 4 20 theme fractions 782:790 arg1 Mw 760:761 Mw 760:761 Mw 760:761 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 4 20 theme fractions 782:790 arg1 weight 752:757 the molecular weight 738:757 the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials 738:817 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 11 21 theme short 1663:1667 arg1 span 1677:1680 its short culture span 1659:1680 its short culture span 1659:1680 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 1 22 theme fruiting 194:201 arg1 bodies 203:208 the fruiting bodies 190:208 the fruiting bodies 190:208 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 3 23 contain had 540:542 arg1 fractions 500:508 the fractions 496:508 the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol 496:538 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 3 23 contain had 540:542 arg2 yields 551:556 higher yields 544:556 higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides 544:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 0 24 from activities 47:56 arg1 baumii 101:106 Phellinus baumii 91:106 Phellinus baumii 91:106 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 5 25 theme fractions 927:935 arg1 Mw 892:893 The Mw 888:893 The Mw of fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 888:935 The Mw of fruiting body polysaccharide fractions ranged from 1.98×10(4)Da to 1.89×10(6)Da. 26344493 9 26 theme % 1442:1442 arg1 ethanol 1444:1450 70% ethanol 1440:1450 70% ethanol 1440:1450 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 4 27 theme precipitated 852:863 arg1 concentration 873:885 precipitated ethanol concentration 852:885 precipitated ethanol concentration 852:885 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 3 28 theme % 530:530 arg1 ethanol 532:538 50% ethanol 528:538 50% ethanol 528:538 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 1 29 theme precipitation 327:339 arg1 concentrations 301:314 different concentrations 291:314 different concentrations of ethanol precipitation 291:339 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 8 30 from differences 1234:1244 arg1 components 1264:1273 monosaccharide components 1249:1273 monosaccharide components 1249:1273 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 8 30 from differences 1234:1244 arg1 ratios 1285:1290 molar ratios 1279:1290 molar ratios 1279:1290 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 6 31 dep 2.11×10 1024:1030 arg1 6 1032:1032 6 1032:1032 6 1032:1032 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 5 32 theme body 907:910 arg1 fractions 927:935 fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 898:935 fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 898:935 The Mw of fruiting body polysaccharide fractions ranged from 1.98×10(4)Da to 1.89×10(6)Da. 26344493 1 33 theme fermented 246:254 arg1 products 256:263 solid state fermented products 234:263 solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii 234:283 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 8 34 theme culture 1191:1197 arg1 methods 1199:1205 Different culture methods 1181:1205 Different culture methods 1181:1205 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 3 35 theme submerged 581:589 arg1 mycelia 591:597 submerged mycelia 581:597 submerged mycelia 581:597 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 5 36 theme fruiting 898:905 arg1 fractions 927:935 fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 898:935 fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 898:935 The Mw of fruiting body polysaccharide fractions ranged from 1.98×10(4)Da to 1.89×10(6)Da. 26344493 3 37 theme polysaccharides 561:575 arg1 yields 551:556 higher yields 544:556 higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides 544:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 1 38 theme baumii 278:283 arg1 bodies 203:208 the fruiting bodies 190:208 the fruiting bodies 190:208 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 1 38 theme baumii 278:283 arg1 mycelia 221:227 submerged mycelia 211:227 submerged mycelia 211:227 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 1 38 theme baumii 278:283 arg1 products 256:263 solid state fermented products 234:263 solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii 234:283 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 8 39 theme significant 1222:1232 arg1 differences 1234:1244 significant differences 1222:1244 significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios 1222:1290 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 3 40 contain possessed 660:668 arg1 fractions 500:508 the fractions 496:508 the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol 496:538 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 3 40 contain possessed 660:668 arg2 contents 692:699 higher polysaccharide contents 670:699 higher polysaccharide contents 670:699 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 10 41 theme higher 1519:1524 arg1 activities 1550:1559 higher macrophages stimulation activities 1519:1559 higher macrophages stimulation activities 1519:1559 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 3 42 theme high 614:617 arg1 yields 630:635 high extraction yields 614:635 high extraction yields of polysaccharides 614:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 1 43 theme different 291:299 arg1 concentrations 301:314 different concentrations 291:314 different concentrations of ethanol precipitation 291:339 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 7 44 theme fermented 1161:1169 arg1 products 1171:1178 solid fermented products 1155:1178 solid fermented products 1155:1178 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components were found in solid fermented products. 26344493 1 45 theme submerged 211:219 arg1 mycelia 221:227 submerged mycelia 211:227 submerged mycelia 211:227 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 0 46 theme polysaccharide 61:74 arg1 fractions 76:84 polysaccharide fractions 61:84 polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii 61:106 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 9 47 theme % 1299:1299 arg1 fractions 1322:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions 1293:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions 1293:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 3 48 theme polysaccharides 640:654 arg1 yields 630:635 high extraction yields 614:635 high extraction yields of polysaccharides 614:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 5 49 theme 1.89×10 965:971 arg1 Da 975:976 1.89×10(6)Da 965:976 1.89×10(6)Da 965:976 The Mw of fruiting body polysaccharide fractions ranged from 1.98×10(4)Da to 1.89×10(6)Da. 26344493 8 50 theme molar 1279:1283 arg1 ratios 1285:1290 molar ratios 1279:1290 molar ratios 1279:1290 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 9 51 theme precipitated 1309:1320 arg1 fractions 1322:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions 1293:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions 1293:1330 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 2 52 theme chemical 346:353 arg1 characteristics 355:369 The chemical characteristics 342:369 The chemical characteristics 342:369 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 10 53 attach derived 1478:1484 arg1 mycelia 1501:1507 submerged mycelia 1491:1507 submerged mycelia 1491:1507 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 10 53 attach derived 1478:1484 arg2 fractions 1468:1476 Polysaccharide fractions 1453:1476 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia 1453:1507 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 7 54 theme polysaccharide 1115:1128 arg1 components 1130:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components 1087:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components 1087:1139 Some lower-molecular-weight polysaccharide components were found in solid fermented products. 26344493 3 55 theme polysaccharide 677:690 arg1 contents 692:699 higher polysaccharide contents 670:699 higher polysaccharide contents 670:699 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 1 56 theme solid 234:238 arg1 products 256:263 solid state fermented products 234:263 solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii 234:283 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 4 57 theme molecular 742:750 arg1 Mw 760:761 Mw 760:761 Mw 760:761 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 4 57 theme molecular 742:750 arg1 weight 752:757 the molecular weight 738:757 the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials 738:817 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 11 58 theme active 1625:1630 arg1 polysaccharides 1632:1646 active polysaccharides 1625:1646 active polysaccharides 1625:1646 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 10 59 theme stimulation 1538:1548 arg1 activities 1550:1559 higher macrophages stimulation activities 1519:1559 higher macrophages stimulation activities 1519:1559 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 9 60 theme monosaccharide 1361:1374 arg1 compositions 1376:1387 monosaccharide compositions 1361:1387 monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol 1361:1450 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 6 61 theme submerged 1068:1076 arg1 mycelia 1078:1084 submerged mycelia 1068:1084 submerged mycelia 1068:1084 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 0 62 theme Phellinus 91:99 arg1 baumii 101:106 Phellinus baumii 91:106 Phellinus baumii 91:106 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 4 63 theme polysaccharide 767:780 arg1 fractions 782:790 polysaccharide fractions 767:790 polysaccharide fractions from these three materials 767:817 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 0 64 from characteristics 16:30 arg1 baumii 101:106 Phellinus baumii 91:106 Phellinus baumii 91:106 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 0 65 theme different 122:130 arg1 methods 132:138 different methods 122:138 different methods 122:138 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 4 66 theme ethanol 865:871 arg1 concentration 873:885 precipitated ethanol concentration 852:885 precipitated ethanol concentration 852:885 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 2 67 theme in 375:376 arg1 activities 398:407 in vitro immunological activities 375:407 in vitro immunological activities 375:407 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 5 68 theme polysaccharide 912:925 arg1 fractions 927:935 fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 898:935 fruiting body polysaccharide fractions 898:935 The Mw of fruiting body polysaccharide fractions ranged from 1.98×10(4)Da to 1.89×10(6)Da. 26344493 9 69 theme 70 1440:1441 arg1 % 1442:1442 % 1442:1442 % 1442:1442 The 50% ethanol precipitated fractions exhibited more complexity on monosaccharide compositions comparing with fractions precipitated with 30% and 70% ethanol. 26344493 2 70 dep in 375:376 arg1 vitro 378:382 vitro 378:382 vitro 378:382 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 11 71 theme suitable 1598:1605 arg1 culture 1572:1578 Submerged culture 1562:1578 Submerged culture 1562:1578 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 11 71 theme suitable 1598:1605 arg1 method 1607:1612 a suitable method 1596:1612 a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost 1596:1700 Submerged culture was found to be a suitable method to prepare active polysaccharides because of its short culture span and reasonable cost. 26344493 2 72 theme fractions 436:444 arg1 activities 398:407 in vitro immunological activities 375:407 in vitro immunological activities 375:407 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 2 72 theme fractions 436:444 arg1 characteristics 355:369 The chemical characteristics 342:369 The chemical characteristics 342:369 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 0 73 theme biological 36:45 arg1 activities 47:56 biological activities 36:56 biological activities 36:56 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 1 74 theme ethanol 319:325 arg1 precipitation 327:339 ethanol precipitation 319:339 ethanol precipitation 319:339 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 26344493 6 75 located found 1059:1063 arg1 mycelia 1078:1084 submerged mycelia 1068:1084 submerged mycelia 1068:1084 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 6 75 located found 1059:1063 arg2 polysaccharides 1002:1016 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides 979:1016 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) 979:1052 Large-molecular-weight polysaccharides (from 2.11×10(6)Da to 2.01×10(7)Da) were found in submerged mycelia. 26344493 2 76 theme polysaccharide 421:434 arg1 fractions 436:444 the nine polysaccharide fractions 412:444 the nine polysaccharide fractions 412:444 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 10 77 theme Polysaccharide 1453:1466 arg1 fractions 1468:1476 Polysaccharide fractions 1453:1476 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia 1453:1507 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 3 78 theme 50 528:529 arg1 % 530:530 % 530:530 % 530:530 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 0 79 theme fractions 76:84 arg1 characteristics 16:30 Physicochemical characteristics 0:30 Physicochemical characteristics 0:30 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 0 79 theme fractions 76:84 arg1 activities 47:56 biological activities 36:56 biological activities 36:56 Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharide fractions from Phellinus baumii cultured with different methods. 26344493 8 80 theme Different 1181:1189 arg1 methods 1199:1205 Different culture methods 1181:1205 Different culture methods 1181:1205 Different culture methods contributed to significant differences in monosaccharide components and molar ratios. 26344493 2 81 theme immunological 384:396 arg1 activities 398:407 in vitro immunological activities 375:407 in vitro immunological activities 375:407 The chemical characteristics and in vitro immunological activities of the nine polysaccharide fractions were compared and studied. 26344493 4 82 theme HPSEC-MALLS-RI 702:715 arg1 analysis 717:724 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis 702:724 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis 702:724 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 10 83 theme submerged 1491:1499 arg1 mycelia 1501:1507 submerged mycelia 1491:1507 submerged mycelia 1491:1507 Polysaccharide fractions derived from submerged mycelia exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities. 26344493 3 84 theme higher 544:549 arg1 yields 551:556 higher yields 544:556 higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides 544:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 4 85 from materials 809:817 arg1 Mw 760:761 Mw 760:761 Mw 760:761 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 4 85 from materials 809:817 arg1 weight 752:757 the molecular weight 738:757 the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials 738:817 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 4 85 from materials 809:817 arg1 fractions 782:790 polysaccharide fractions 767:790 polysaccharide fractions from these three materials 767:817 HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of polysaccharide fractions from these three materials decreased with the increasing of precipitated ethanol concentration. 26344493 3 86 theme mycelia 591:597 arg1 yields 551:556 higher yields 544:556 higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides 544:654 Results indicated that the fractions precipitated with 50% ethanol had higher yields of polysaccharides and submerged mycelia contributed to high extraction yields of polysaccharides and possessed higher polysaccharide contents. 26344493 1 87 theme Phellinus 268:276 arg1 baumii 278:283 Phellinus baumii 268:283 Phellinus baumii 268:283 Nine polysaccharide fractions were obtained from the fruiting bodies, submerged mycelia, and solid state fermented products of Phellinus baumii using different concentrations of ethanol precipitation. 27616693 7 0 theme higher 991:996 arg1 activity 998:1005 higher activity 991:1005 higher activity than Vitamin C 991:1020 In particular, in the test of β-carotene bleaching inhibition, PDP displayed higher activity than Vitamin C. 27616693 5 1 theme maximum 669:675 arg1 10g/kg 703:708 10g/kg 703:708 10g/kg 703:708 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP was 10g/kg. 27616693 5 1 theme maximum 669:675 arg1 dose 687:690 The maximum tolerated dose 665:690 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP 665:697 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP was 10g/kg. 27616693 1 2 theme ethanol 158:164 arg1 precipitation 166:178 ethanol precipitation 158:178 ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step 158:214 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 0 3 from Optimization 0:11 arg1 depressa 71:78 depressa 71:78 depressa 71:78 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 2 4 from water 311:315 arg1 treatment 282:290 the treatment 278:290 the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 278:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 4 from water 311:315 arg1 times 362:366 3.28 times 357:366 3.28 times 357:366 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 5 from material 299:306 arg1 water 311:315 water 311:315 water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 311:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 5 from material 299:306 arg1 80.44°C 335:341 80.44°C 335:341 80.44°C during 1.97h 335:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 4 6 theme 1H 551:552 arg1 NMR 554:556 1H NMR 551:556 1H NMR 551:556 Following analysis by IR, HPLC-UV, MS and 1H NMR, the composition of PDP was found to be l-rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, glucose and d-galacturonic acid. 27616693 3 7 with agreement 427:435 arg1 value 442:446 value 442:446 value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD) 442:506 Under these conditions, obtained yield value was in total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). 27616693 3 8 theme total 421:425 arg1 agreement 427:435 total agreement 421:435 total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD) 421:506 Under these conditions, obtained yield value was in total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). 27616693 3 9 theme obtained 393:400 arg1 value 408:412 obtained yield value 393:412 obtained yield value 393:412 Under these conditions, obtained yield value was in total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). 27616693 7 10 theme Vitamin 1012:1018 arg1 C 1020:1020 Vitamin C 1012:1020 Vitamin C 1012:1020 In particular, in the test of β-carotene bleaching inhibition, PDP displayed higher activity than Vitamin C. 27616693 5 11 theme tolerated 677:685 arg1 10g/kg 703:708 10g/kg 703:708 10g/kg 703:708 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP was 10g/kg. 27616693 5 11 theme tolerated 677:685 arg1 dose 687:690 The maximum tolerated dose 665:690 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP 665:697 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP was 10g/kg. 27616693 3 12 theme Box-Behnken 483:493 arg1 design 495:500 Box-Behnken design 483:500 Box-Behnken design (BBD) 483:506 Under these conditions, obtained yield value was in total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). 27616693 3 12 theme Box-Behnken 483:493 arg1 BBD 503:505 BBD 503:505 BBD 503:505 Under these conditions, obtained yield value was in total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). 27616693 3 13 theme yield 402:406 arg1 value 408:412 obtained yield value 393:412 obtained yield value 393:412 Under these conditions, obtained yield value was in total agreement with value predicted by the model executed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). 27616693 7 14 theme β-carotene 944:953 arg1 inhibition 965:974 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 944:974 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 944:974 In particular, in the test of β-carotene bleaching inhibition, PDP displayed higher activity than Vitamin C. 27616693 6 15 theme ABTS 843:846 arg1 radicals 848:855 hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals 824:855 radicals 848:855 The antioxidant activity of PDP was investigated using five tests and it was found that PDP was able to scavenge hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals, besides their β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity. 27616693 7 16 theme bleaching 955:963 arg1 inhibition 965:974 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 944:974 β-carotene bleaching inhibition 944:974 In particular, in the test of β-carotene bleaching inhibition, PDP displayed higher activity than Vitamin C. 27616693 2 17 from 80.44°C 335:341 arg1 water 311:315 water 311:315 water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 311:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 17 from 80.44°C 335:341 arg1 material 299:306 raw material 295:306 raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 295:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 18 dep water 311:315 arg1 w/v 318:320 w/v 318:320 w/v 318:320 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 18 dep water 311:315 arg1 1:25.34 323:329 1:25.34 323:329 1:25.34 323:329 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 4 19 theme PDP 578:580 arg1 l-rhamnose 598:607 l-rhamnose 598:607 l-rhamnose 598:607 Following analysis by IR, HPLC-UV, MS and 1H NMR, the composition of PDP was found to be l-rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, glucose and d-galacturonic acid. 27616693 4 19 theme PDP 578:580 arg1 composition 563:573 the composition 559:573 the composition of PDP 559:580 Following analysis by IR, HPLC-UV, MS and 1H NMR, the composition of PDP was found to be l-rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, glucose and d-galacturonic acid. 27616693 2 20 theme raw 295:297 arg1 material 299:306 raw material 295:306 raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 295:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 1 21 theme water 194:198 arg1 step 211:214 a water extraction step 192:214 a water extraction step 192:214 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 2 22 theme material 299:306 arg1 treatment 282:290 the treatment 278:290 the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 278:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 22 theme material 299:306 arg1 times 362:366 3.28 times 357:366 3.28 times 357:366 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 6 23 theme DPPH 834:837 arg1 radicals 848:855 hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals 824:855 radicals 848:855 The antioxidant activity of PDP was investigated using five tests and it was found that PDP was able to scavenge hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals, besides their β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity. 27616693 1 24 theme Plantago 113:120 arg1 PDP 132:134 PDP 132:134 PDP 132:134 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 1 24 theme Plantago 113:120 arg1 depressa 122:129 Plantago depressa 113:129 Plantago depressa (PDP) 113:135 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 1 25 theme extraction 200:209 arg1 step 211:214 a water extraction step 192:214 a water extraction step 192:214 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 0 26 theme polysaccharides 41:55 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 0 26 theme polysaccharides 41:55 arg1 activity 29:36 antioxidant activity 17:36 antioxidant activity 17:36 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 6 27 theme hydroxyl 824:831 arg1 radicals 848:855 hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals 824:855 radicals 848:855 The antioxidant activity of PDP was investigated using five tests and it was found that PDP was able to scavenge hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals, besides their β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity. 27616693 2 28 theme extraction 229:238 arg1 yield 240:244 The optimum extraction yield 217:244 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% 217:258 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 0 29 from depressa 71:78 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 polysaccharides 41:55 polysaccharides from Plantago depressa 41:78 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 0 29 from depressa 71:78 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 0 29 from depressa 71:78 arg1 activity 29:36 antioxidant activity 17:36 antioxidant activity 17:36 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 2 30 theme optimum 221:227 arg1 yield 240:244 The optimum extraction yield 217:244 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% 217:258 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 1 31 theme depressa 122:129 arg1 herb 105:108 the herb 101:108 the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) 101:135 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 5 32 theme PDP 695:697 arg1 10g/kg 703:708 10g/kg 703:708 10g/kg 703:708 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP was 10g/kg. 27616693 5 32 theme PDP 695:697 arg1 dose 687:690 The maximum tolerated dose 665:690 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP 665:697 The maximum tolerated dose of PDP was 10g/kg. 27616693 6 33 theme PDP 739:741 arg1 activity 727:734 The antioxidant activity 711:734 The antioxidant activity of PDP 711:741 The antioxidant activity of PDP was investigated using five tests and it was found that PDP was able to scavenge hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals, besides their β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity. 27616693 7 34 theme inhibition 965:974 arg1 test 936:939 the test 932:939 the test of β-carotene bleaching inhibition 932:974 In particular, in the test of β-carotene bleaching inhibition, PDP displayed higher activity than Vitamin C. 27616693 4 35 theme d-galacturonic 644:657 arg1 acid 659:662 d-galacturonic acid 644:662 d-galacturonic acid 644:662 Following analysis by IR, HPLC-UV, MS and 1H NMR, the composition of PDP was found to be l-rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, glucose and d-galacturonic acid. 27616693 2 36 theme % 258:258 arg1 yield 240:244 The optimum extraction yield 217:244 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% 217:258 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 2 37 from treatment 282:290 arg1 water 311:315 water 311:315 water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h 311:354 The optimum extraction yield of 5.68±0.46% was obtained with the treatment of raw material in water (w/v, 1:25.34) at 80.44°C during 1.97h, 3.28 times. 27616693 6 38 theme inhibitory 893:902 arg1 activity 904:911 inhibitory activity 893:911 inhibitory activity 893:911 The antioxidant activity of PDP was investigated using five tests and it was found that PDP was able to scavenge hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals, besides their β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity. 27616693 6 39 theme antioxidant 715:725 arg1 activity 727:734 The antioxidant activity 711:734 The antioxidant activity of PDP 711:741 The antioxidant activity of PDP was investigated using five tests and it was found that PDP was able to scavenge hydroxyl, DPPH and ABTS radicals, besides their β-carotene bleaching inhibitory activity. 27616693 1 40 from herb 105:108 arg1 Polysaccharide 81:94 Polysaccharide 81:94 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) 81:135 Polysaccharide from the herb of Plantago depressa (PDP) was obtained through ethanol precipitation preceded by a water extraction step. 27616693 0 41 from activity 29:36 arg1 depressa 71:78 depressa 71:78 depressa 71:78 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 27616693 0 42 theme antioxidant 17:27 arg1 activity 29:36 antioxidant activity 17:36 antioxidant activity 17:36 Optimization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Plantago depressa. 28756195 0 0 theme antiproliferative 100:116 arg1 activity 118:125 antiproliferative activity 100:125 antiproliferative activity 100:125 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 5 1 theme Macromolecular 797:810 arg1 characteristics 812:826 Macromolecular characteristics 797:826 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides 797:889 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 1 2 from indicum 220:226 arg1 evaluation 243:252 the evaluation 239:252 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities 128:290 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 2 from indicum 220:226 arg1 polysaccharides 186:200 polysaccharides 186:200 polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum 186:226 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 2 from indicum 220:226 arg1 purification 143:154 purification 143:154 purification 143:154 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 2 from indicum 220:226 arg1 depolymerization 166:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 2 from indicum 220:226 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 3 theme polysaccharides 186:200 arg1 evaluation 243:252 the evaluation 239:252 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities 128:290 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 3 theme polysaccharides 186:200 arg1 purification 143:154 purification 143:154 purification 143:154 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 3 theme polysaccharides 186:200 arg1 depolymerization 166:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 3 theme polysaccharides 186:200 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 7 4 theme preliminary 1131:1141 arg1 tests 1161:1165 preliminary antiproliferative tests 1131:1165 preliminary antiproliferative tests 1131:1165 Furthermore, preliminary antiproliferative tests indicated that degraded polysaccharide for 1h showed even better antiproliferative capacity. 28756195 0 5 from treatment 6:14 arg1 indicum 53:59 Arthrocnemum indicum 40:59 Arthrocnemum indicum 40:59 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 5 6 theme ozone 956:960 arg1 treatment 962:970 ozone treatment 956:970 ozone treatment 956:970 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 7 7 theme degraded 1182:1189 arg1 polysaccharide 1191:1204 degraded polysaccharide 1182:1204 degraded polysaccharide for 1h 1182:1211 Furthermore, preliminary antiproliferative tests indicated that degraded polysaccharide for 1h showed even better antiproliferative capacity. 28756195 2 8 theme reaction 343:350 arg1 60min 377:381 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min 359:381 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min 359:381 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 2 8 theme reaction 343:350 arg1 times 352:356 various reaction times 335:356 various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) 335:382 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 4 9 theme arabinan-rich 759:771 arg1 polysaccharides 780:794 arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 759:794 arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 759:794 The monosaccharide composition, which was determined via GC/MS analysis, showed that extracted polysaccharides were of type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides. 28756195 4 10 theme polysaccharides 780:794 arg1 type 751:754 type 751:754 type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 751:794 The monosaccharide composition, which was determined via GC/MS analysis, showed that extracted polysaccharides were of type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides. 28756195 1 11 from depolymerization 166:181 arg1 indicum 220:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 2 12 theme various 335:341 arg1 60min 377:381 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min 359:381 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min 359:381 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 2 12 theme various 335:341 arg1 times 352:356 various reaction times 335:356 various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) 335:382 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 5 13 theme size 909:912 arg1 chromatography 924:937 size exclusion chromatography 909:937 size exclusion chromatography 909:937 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 0 14 from indicum 53:59 arg1 polysaccharides 19:33 polysaccharides 19:33 polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum 19:59 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 0 14 from indicum 53:59 arg1 treatment 6:14 Ozone treatment 0:14 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum 0:59 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 6 15 theme reaction 1103:1110 arg1 time 1112:1115 reaction time 1103:1115 reaction time 1103:1115 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 2 16 theme degradation 400:410 arg1 treatment 321:329 The ozone treatment 311:329 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) 311:382 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 2 16 theme degradation 400:410 arg1 method 412:417 degradation method 400:417 degradation method 400:417 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 7 17 theme better 1225:1230 arg1 capacity 1250:1257 even better antiproliferative capacity 1220:1257 even better antiproliferative capacity 1220:1257 Furthermore, preliminary antiproliferative tests indicated that degraded polysaccharide for 1h showed even better antiproliferative capacity. 28756195 2 18 theme molecular 444:452 arg1 weight 454:459 lower molecular weight 438:459 lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property 438:508 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 5 19 theme exclusion 914:922 arg1 chromatography 924:937 size exclusion chromatography 909:937 size exclusion chromatography 909:937 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 2 20 theme weight 454:459 arg1 product 461:467 lower molecular weight product 438:467 lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property 438:508 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 7 21 theme antiproliferative 1143:1159 arg1 tests 1161:1165 preliminary antiproliferative tests 1131:1165 preliminary antiproliferative tests 1131:1165 Furthermore, preliminary antiproliferative tests indicated that degraded polysaccharide for 1h showed even better antiproliferative capacity. 28756195 6 22 from increase 1091:1098 arg1 time 1112:1115 reaction time 1103:1115 reaction time 1103:1115 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 4 23 theme GC/MS 689:693 arg1 analysis 695:702 GC/MS analysis 689:702 GC/MS analysis 689:702 The monosaccharide composition, which was determined via GC/MS analysis, showed that extracted polysaccharides were of type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides. 28756195 0 24 theme Ozone 0:4 arg1 treatment 6:14 Ozone treatment 0:14 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum 0:59 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 2 25 theme lower 438:442 arg1 weight 454:459 lower molecular weight 438:459 lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property 438:508 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 1 26 from purification 143:154 arg1 indicum 220:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 0 27 dep characterization 79:94 arg1 treatment 6:14 Ozone treatment 0:14 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum 0:59 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 5 28 theme polysaccharides 875:889 arg1 viscosity 849:857 intrinsic viscosity 839:857 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides 797:889 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 5 28 theme polysaccharides 875:889 arg1 characteristics 812:826 Macromolecular characteristics 797:826 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides 797:889 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 5 29 theme degraded 866:873 arg1 polysaccharides 875:889 the degraded polysaccharides 862:889 the degraded polysaccharides 862:889 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 6 30 theme samples 1068:1074 arg1 viscosity 1013:1021 intrinsic viscosity 1003:1021 intrinsic viscosity 1003:1021 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 6 30 theme samples 1068:1074 arg1 weight 1037:1042 molecular weight 1027:1042 molecular weight 1027:1042 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 3 31 theme main 562:565 arg1 chain 567:571 the main chain 558:571 the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides 558:610 According to FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis analysis, the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides could be preserved. 28756195 4 32 theme monosaccharide 636:649 arg1 composition 651:661 The monosaccharide composition 632:661 The monosaccharide composition 632:661 The monosaccharide composition, which was determined via GC/MS analysis, showed that extracted polysaccharides were of type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides. 28756195 2 33 theme antiproliferative 483:499 arg1 property 501:508 stronger antiproliferative property 474:508 stronger antiproliferative property 474:508 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 6 34 theme molecular 1027:1035 arg1 weight 1037:1042 molecular weight 1027:1042 molecular weight 1027:1042 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 3 35 theme polysaccharides 596:610 arg1 chain 567:571 the main chain 558:571 the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides 558:610 According to FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis analysis, the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides could be preserved. 28756195 2 36 theme stronger 474:481 arg1 property 501:508 stronger antiproliferative property 474:508 stronger antiproliferative property 474:508 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 7 37 theme antiproliferative 1232:1248 arg1 capacity 1250:1257 even better antiproliferative capacity 1220:1257 even better antiproliferative capacity 1220:1257 Furthermore, preliminary antiproliferative tests indicated that degraded polysaccharide for 1h showed even better antiproliferative capacity. 28756195 0 38 theme polysaccharides 19:33 arg1 treatment 6:14 Ozone treatment 0:14 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum 0:59 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 1 39 from evaluation 243:252 arg1 indicum 220:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 4 40 theme pectic 773:778 arg1 polysaccharides 780:794 arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 759:794 arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 759:794 The monosaccharide composition, which was determined via GC/MS analysis, showed that extracted polysaccharides were of type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides. 28756195 6 41 dep viscosity 1013:1021 arg1 Mw 1052:1053 Mw 1052:1053 Mw 1052:1053 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 6 41 dep viscosity 1013:1021 arg1 Mn 1045:1046 Mn 1045:1046 Mn 1045:1046 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 3 42 theme ozonolytic 576:585 arg1 polysaccharides 596:610 ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides 576:610 ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides 576:610 According to FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis analysis, the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides could be preserved. 28756195 5 43 theme intrinsic 839:847 arg1 viscosity 849:857 intrinsic viscosity 839:857 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides 797:889 Macromolecular characteristics as well as intrinsic viscosity of the degraded polysaccharides were performed by size exclusion chromatography before and after ozone treatment. 28756195 6 44 theme intrinsic 1003:1011 arg1 viscosity 1013:1021 intrinsic viscosity 1003:1021 intrinsic viscosity 1003:1021 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28756195 3 45 theme degraded 587:594 arg1 polysaccharides 596:610 ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides 576:610 ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides 576:610 According to FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis analysis, the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides could be preserved. 28756195 4 46 theme extracted 717:725 arg1 polysaccharides 727:741 extracted polysaccharides 717:741 extracted polysaccharides 717:741 The monosaccharide composition, which was determined via GC/MS analysis, showed that extracted polysaccharides were of type of arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides. 28756195 2 47 theme ozone 315:319 arg1 treatment 321:329 The ozone treatment 311:329 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) 311:382 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 2 47 theme ozone 315:319 arg1 method 412:417 degradation method 400:417 degradation method 400:417 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 1 48 from isolation 132:140 arg1 indicum 220:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 Arthrocnemum indicum 207:226 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 3 49 theme UV-vis 541:546 arg1 analysis 548:555 UV-vis analysis 541:555 UV-vis analysis 541:555 According to FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis analysis, the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides could be preserved. 28756195 1 50 theme ozone 160:164 arg1 depolymerization 166:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 51 theme antiproliferative 263:279 arg1 capacities 281:290 their antiproliferative capacities 257:290 their antiproliferative capacities 257:290 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 2 52 with product 461:467 arg1 property 501:508 stronger antiproliferative property 474:508 stronger antiproliferative property 474:508 The ozone treatment for various reaction times (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60min) was employed as degradation method in order to attain lower molecular weight product with stronger antiproliferative property. 28756195 3 53 theme 1H 530:531 arg1 NMR 533:535 1H NMR 530:535 1H NMR 530:535 According to FTIR, 1H NMR and UV-vis analysis, the main chain of ozonolytic degraded polysaccharides could be preserved. 28756195 1 54 theme capacities 281:290 arg1 evaluation 243:252 the evaluation 239:252 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities 128:290 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 54 theme capacities 281:290 arg1 purification 143:154 purification 143:154 purification 143:154 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 54 theme capacities 281:290 arg1 depolymerization 166:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 ozone depolymerization 160:181 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 1 54 theme capacities 281:290 arg1 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 isolation 132:140 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 0 55 theme Physico-chemical 62:77 arg1 characterization 79:94 Physico-chemical characterization 62:94 Physico-chemical characterization 62:94 Ozone treatment of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum: Physico-chemical characterization and antiproliferative activity. 28756195 1 56 dep isolation 132:140 arg1 The 128:130 The 128:130 The 128:130 The isolation, purification and ozone depolymerization of polysaccharides from Arthrocnemum indicum as well as the evaluation of their antiproliferative capacities were investigated. 28756195 6 57 theme degraded 1059:1066 arg1 samples 1068:1074 degraded samples 1059:1074 degraded samples 1059:1074 These experiments showed that intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (Mn and Mw) of degraded samples decreased with increase in reaction time. 28821089 2 0 theme striata 396:402 arg1 Bsp 420:422 Bsp 420:422 Bsp 420:422 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 2 0 theme striata 396:402 arg1 polysaccharide 404:417 Bletilla striata polysaccharide 387:417 Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) 387:423 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 1 1 theme hemostatic 262:271 arg1 properties 273:282 good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties 236:282 good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties 236:282 We prepared a novel hemostatic material using chitosan (CS), alginate, and Bletilla striata, which showed good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties. 28821089 0 2 theme hemostatic 110:119 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 2 theme hemostatic 110:119 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 2 theme hemostatic 110:119 arg1 sponges 121:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 7 3 used used 1203:1206 arg2 materials 1238:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials 1211:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment 1211:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 7 3 used used 1203:1206 arg2 sponges 1186:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 2 4 theme Bletilla 387:394 arg1 Bsp 420:422 Bsp 420:422 Bsp 420:422 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 2 4 theme Bletilla 387:394 arg1 polysaccharide 404:417 Bletilla striata polysaccharide 387:417 Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) 387:423 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 6 5 theme CS/Alg/Bsp 1017:1026 arg1 sponges 1038:1044 the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 1002:1044 sponges 1038:1044 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 6 6 theme blood 1103:1107 arg1 cell 1109:1112 red blood cell 1099:1112 red blood cell (RBC) adhesion 1099:1127 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 6 6 theme blood 1103:1107 arg1 RBC 1115:1117 RBC 1115:1117 RBC 1115:1117 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 7 7 from materials 1238:1246 arg1 treatment 1260:1268 surgical treatment 1251:1268 surgical treatment 1251:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 6 8 theme ear 1141:1143 arg1 artery 1145:1150 rabbit ear artery bleeding 1134:1159 rabbit ear artery bleeding 1134:1159 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 4 9 theme good 733:736 arg1 shape 748:752 good spherical shape 733:752 good spherical shape 733:752 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 3 10 theme water 517:521 arg1 absorption 523:532 the water absorption 513:532 the water absorption 513:532 To improve the water absorption and accelerate the blood coagulation, Alg and Bsp were mixed with chitosan solution to form CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges by lyophilization. 28821089 7 11 theme composite 1176:1184 arg1 sponges 1186:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 7 11 theme composite 1176:1184 arg1 materials 1238:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials 1211:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment 1211:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 4 12 contain possessed 755:763 arg1 microspheres 710:721 the microspheres 706:721 the microspheres 706:721 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 4 12 contain possessed 755:763 arg2 pores 770:774 many pores 765:774 many pores on the surface 765:789 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 6 13 dep in 1074:1075 arg1 vitro 1077:1081 vitro 1077:1081 vitro 1077:1081 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 4 14 theme SEM 694:696 arg1 images 698:703 SEM images 694:703 SEM images 694:703 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 6 15 theme CS/Alg 1006:1011 arg1 assay 969:973 the cytotoxicity assay 952:973 the cytotoxicity assay 952:973 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 6 15 theme CS/Alg 1006:1011 arg1 property 990:997 hemostatic property 979:997 hemostatic property 979:997 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 6 16 theme composite 1028:1036 arg1 sponges 1038:1044 the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 1002:1044 sponges 1038:1044 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 2 17 theme porous 302:307 arg1 Alg 323:325 Alg 323:325 Alg 323:325 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 2 17 theme porous 302:307 arg1 microspheres 309:320 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres 285:320 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) 285:326 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 2 18 theme alcohol 479:485 arg1 precipitation 487:499 alcohol precipitation 479:499 alcohol precipitation 479:499 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 6 19 theme hemostatic 979:988 arg1 property 990:997 hemostatic property 979:997 hemostatic property 979:997 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 7 20 theme potential 1211:1219 arg1 materials 1238:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials 1211:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment 1211:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 7 20 theme potential 1211:1219 arg1 sponges 1186:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 0 21 dep sponges 121:127 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 21 dep sponges 121:127 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 21 dep sponges 121:127 arg1 sponges 121:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 6 22 theme blood 1083:1087 arg1 clotting 1089:1096 in vitro blood clotting 1074:1096 in vitro blood clotting 1074:1096 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 7 23 theme ternary 1168:1174 arg1 sponges 1186:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 7 23 theme ternary 1168:1174 arg1 materials 1238:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials 1211:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment 1211:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 4 24 from pores 770:774 arg1 surface 783:789 the surface 779:789 the surface 779:789 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 3 25 theme chitosan 600:607 arg1 solution 609:616 chitosan solution 600:616 chitosan solution 600:616 To improve the water absorption and accelerate the blood coagulation, Alg and Bsp were mixed with chitosan solution to form CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges by lyophilization. 28821089 5 26 theme higher 901:906 arg1 absorption 914:923 higher water absorption 901:923 higher water absorption 901:923 The CS/Alg10 composite sponges showed higher water absorption and porosity. 28821089 4 27 theme many 765:768 arg1 pores 770:774 many pores 765:774 many pores on the surface 765:789 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 6 28 theme rabbit 1134:1139 arg1 artery 1145:1150 rabbit ear artery bleeding 1134:1159 rabbit ear artery bleeding 1134:1159 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 1 29 theme Bletilla 205:212 arg1 striata 214:220 Bletilla striata 205:220 Bletilla striata 205:220 We prepared a novel hemostatic material using chitosan (CS), alginate, and Bletilla striata, which showed good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties. 28821089 2 30 theme water 458:462 arg1 extraction 464:473 water extraction 458:473 water extraction 458:473 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 6 31 theme red 1099:1101 arg1 cell 1109:1112 red blood cell 1099:1112 red blood cell (RBC) adhesion 1099:1127 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 6 31 theme red 1099:1101 arg1 RBC 1115:1117 RBC 1115:1117 RBC 1115:1117 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 5 32 theme water 908:912 arg1 absorption 914:923 higher water absorption 901:923 higher water absorption 901:923 The CS/Alg10 composite sponges showed higher water absorption and porosity. 28821089 0 33 theme porous 48:53 arg1 polysaccharide 85:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 4 34 theme spherical 738:746 arg1 shape 748:752 good spherical shape 733:752 good spherical shape 733:752 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 0 35 theme chitosan/alginate 30:46 arg1 polysaccharide 85:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 3 36 theme CS/Alg 626:631 arg1 sponges 658:664 CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 626:664 CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 626:664 To improve the water absorption and accelerate the blood coagulation, Alg and Bsp were mixed with chitosan solution to form CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges by lyophilization. 28821089 6 37 theme CCK-8 1061:1065 arg1 assay 1067:1071 CCK-8 assay 1061:1071 CCK-8 assay 1061:1071 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 0 38 theme striata 77:83 arg1 polysaccharide 85:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 7 39 theme novel 1221:1225 arg1 materials 1238:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials 1211:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment 1211:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 7 39 theme novel 1221:1225 arg1 sponges 1186:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 4 40 theme composite 844:852 arg1 sponges 854:860 the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges 819:860 sponges 854:860 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 1 41 theme novel 144:148 arg1 material 161:168 a novel hemostatic material 142:168 a novel hemostatic material 142:168 We prepared a novel hemostatic material using chitosan (CS), alginate, and Bletilla striata, which showed good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties. 28821089 0 42 theme microspheres/Bletilla 55:75 arg1 polysaccharide 85:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide 30:98 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 6 43 theme cytotoxicity 956:967 arg1 assay 969:973 the cytotoxicity assay 952:973 the cytotoxicity assay 952:973 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 4 44 theme CS/Alg10 835:842 arg1 sponges 854:860 the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges 819:860 sponges 854:860 Based on SEM images, the microspheres exhibited good spherical shape, possessed many pores on the surface, and were well dispersed in the CS/Alg5 and CS/Alg10 composite sponges. 28821089 1 45 theme hemostatic 150:159 arg1 material 161:168 a novel hemostatic material 142:168 a novel hemostatic material 142:168 We prepared a novel hemostatic material using chitosan (CS), alginate, and Bletilla striata, which showed good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties. 28821089 7 46 theme surgical 1251:1258 arg1 treatment 1260:1268 surgical treatment 1251:1268 surgical treatment 1251:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 3 47 theme composite 648:656 arg1 sponges 658:664 CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 626:664 CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 626:664 To improve the water absorption and accelerate the blood coagulation, Alg and Bsp were mixed with chitosan solution to form CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges by lyophilization. 28821089 2 48 theme Alginate-calcium 285:300 arg1 Alg 323:325 Alg 323:325 Alg 323:325 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 2 48 theme Alginate-calcium 285:300 arg1 microspheres 309:320 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres 285:320 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) 285:326 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 6 49 theme bleeding 1152:1159 arg1 artery 1145:1150 rabbit ear artery bleeding 1134:1159 rabbit ear artery bleeding 1134:1159 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 5 50 theme composite 876:884 arg1 sponges 886:892 The CS/Alg10 composite sponges 863:892 The CS/Alg10 composite sponges 863:892 The CS/Alg10 composite sponges showed higher water absorption and porosity. 28821089 2 51 theme emulsification/cross-linking 345:372 arg1 methods 374:380 emulsification/cross-linking methods 345:380 emulsification/cross-linking methods 345:380 Alginate-calcium porous microspheres (Alg) were prepared by emulsification/cross-linking methods, and Bletilla striata polysaccharide (Bsp) was extracted from the tubers by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 28821089 1 52 theme good 236:239 arg1 properties 273:282 good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties 236:282 good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties 236:282 We prepared a novel hemostatic material using chitosan (CS), alginate, and Bletilla striata, which showed good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties. 28821089 0 53 theme composite 100:108 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 53 theme composite 100:108 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 53 theme composite 100:108 arg1 sponges 121:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 6 54 theme in 1074:1075 arg1 clotting 1089:1096 in vitro blood clotting 1074:1096 in vitro blood clotting 1074:1096 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 3 55 theme blood 553:557 arg1 coagulation 559:569 the blood coagulation 549:569 the blood coagulation 549:569 To improve the water absorption and accelerate the blood coagulation, Alg and Bsp were mixed with chitosan solution to form CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges by lyophilization. 28821089 1 56 theme biocompatibility 241:256 arg1 properties 273:282 good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties 236:282 good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties 236:282 We prepared a novel hemostatic material using chitosan (CS), alginate, and Bletilla striata, which showed good biocompatibility and hemostatic properties. 28821089 0 57 theme polysaccharide 85:98 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 57 theme polysaccharide 85:98 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 0 57 theme polysaccharide 85:98 arg1 sponges 121:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 composite hemostatic sponges 100:127 Preparation and evaluation of chitosan/alginate porous microspheres/Bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hemostatic sponges. 28821089 3 58 theme CS/Alg/Bsp 637:646 arg1 sponges 658:664 CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 626:664 CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges 626:664 To improve the water absorption and accelerate the blood coagulation, Alg and Bsp were mixed with chitosan solution to form CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges by lyophilization. 28821089 6 59 theme cell 1109:1112 arg1 adhesion 1120:1127 red blood cell (RBC) adhesion 1099:1127 red blood cell (RBC) adhesion 1099:1127 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 7 60 theme hemostatic 1227:1236 arg1 materials 1238:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials 1211:1246 potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment 1211:1268 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 7 60 theme hemostatic 1227:1236 arg1 sponges 1186:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges 1162:1192 These ternary composite sponges could be used as potential novel hemostatic materials in surgical treatment. 28821089 6 61 theme sponges 1038:1044 arg1 assay 969:973 the cytotoxicity assay 952:973 the cytotoxicity assay 952:973 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 28821089 6 61 theme sponges 1038:1044 arg1 property 990:997 hemostatic property 979:997 hemostatic property 979:997 In addition, the cytotoxicity assay and hemostatic property of the CS/Alg and CS/Alg/Bsp composite sponges were tested by CCK-8 assay, in vitro blood clotting, red blood cell (RBC) adhesion, and rabbit ear artery bleeding. 29243428 0 0 from mass 20:23 arg1 flowers 99:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 3 1 theme above 635:639 arg1 families 651:658 all the above 11 hybrid families 627:658 all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower 627:682 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 3 2 theme 3.49×105 799:806 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 0 3 theme officinale 88:97 arg1 flowers 99:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 5 4 theme relative 1061:1068 arg1 contents 1070:1077 the relative contents 1057:1077 the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families 1057:1126 Additionally, the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families varied. 29243428 1 5 theme Dendrobium 166:175 arg1 flowers 188:194 Dendrobium officinale flowers 166:194 Dendrobium officinale flowers 166:194 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 6 theme families 274:281 arg1 distribution 255:266 relative molecular mass distribution 231:266 relative molecular mass distribution 231:266 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 6 theme families 274:281 arg1 composition 215:225 monosaccharide composition 200:225 monosaccharide composition 200:225 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 3 7 theme hybrid 644:649 arg1 families 651:658 all the above 11 hybrid families 627:658 all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower 627:682 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 3 8 theme D. 663:664 arg1 flower 677:682 D. officinale flower 663:682 D. officinale flower 663:682 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 7 9 theme resource 1464:1471 arg1 utilization． 1473:1484 its resource utilization． 1460:1484 its resource utilization． 1460:1484 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 3 10 theme 2.12×105 812:819 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 5 11 theme monosaccharides 1090:1104 arg1 contents 1070:1077 the relative contents 1057:1077 the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families 1057:1126 Additionally, the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families varied. 29243428 1 12 theme flowers 286:292 arg1 families 274:281 11 families 271:281 11 families of flowers 271:292 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 3 13 with fractions 710:718 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 1 14 theme officinale 177:186 arg1 flowers 188:194 Dendrobium officinale flowers 166:194 Dendrobium officinale flowers 166:194 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 2 15 theme peak 536:539 arg1 areas 541:545 the monosaccharide peak areas 517:545 the monosaccharide peak areas 517:545 Then cluster analysis was carried out for the monosaccharide peak areas by utilizing SPSS 19.0 software. 29243428 0 16 from composition 44:54 arg1 flowers 99:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 5 17 from contents 1070:1077 arg1 families 1119:1126 different families 1109:1126 different families 1109:1126 Additionally, the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families varied. 29243428 4 18 theme mannose/glucose 1005:1019 arg1 ratio 1021:1025 mannose/glucose ratio 1005:1025 mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335 1005:1040 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 3 19 theme relative 762:769 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 0 20 theme molecular 10:18 arg1 mass 20:23 [Relative molecular mass 0:23 [Relative molecular mass 0:23 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 1 21 theme derivatization 398:411 arg1 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 21 theme derivatization 398:411 arg1 chromatography 438:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography 387:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 387:458 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 22 from information 133:143 arg1 polysaccharide 148:161 polysaccharide 148:161 polysaccharide 148:161 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 6 23 theme flower 1165:1170 arg1 families 1139:1146 11 families 1136:1146 11 families of D. officinale flower 1136:1170 11 families of D. officinale flower could be classified into four categories according to their monosaccharide components and relative contents. 29243428 0 24 theme [Relative 0:8 arg1 mass 20:23 [Relative molecular mass 0:23 [Relative molecular mass 0:23 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 4 25 theme different 848:856 arg1 families 858:865 11 different families 845:865 11 different families 845:865 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 6 26 theme officinale 1154:1163 arg1 flower 1165:1170 D. officinale flower 1151:1170 D. officinale flower 1151:1170 11 families of D. officinale flower could be classified into four categories according to their monosaccharide components and relative contents. 29243428 3 27 theme officinale 666:675 arg1 flower 677:682 D. officinale flower 663:682 D. officinale flower 663:682 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 4 28 theme 0.302-3.335 1030:1040 arg1 ratio 1021:1025 mannose/glucose ratio 1005:1025 mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335 1005:1040 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 3 29 theme average 754:760 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 5 30 theme various 1082:1088 arg1 monosaccharides 1090:1104 various monosaccharides 1082:1104 various monosaccharides 1082:1104 Additionally, the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families varied. 29243428 6 31 theme D. 1151:1152 arg1 flower 1165:1170 D. officinale flower 1151:1170 D. officinale flower 1151:1170 11 families of D. officinale flower could be classified into four categories according to their monosaccharide components and relative contents. 29243428 1 32 theme monosaccharide 200:213 arg1 composition 215:225 monosaccharide composition 200:225 monosaccharide composition 200:225 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 33 theme ultra 413:417 arg1 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 33 theme ultra 413:417 arg1 chromatography 438:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography 387:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 387:458 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 5 34 theme different 1109:1117 arg1 families 1119:1126 different families 1109:1126 different families 1109:1126 Additionally, the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families varied. 29243428 7 35 theme officinale 1393:1402 arg1 flowers 1404:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 7 36 dep mass 1319:1322 arg1 distribution 1324:1335 distribution 1324:1335 distribution 1324:1335 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 1 37 theme performance 419:429 arg1 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 37 theme performance 419:429 arg1 chromatography 438:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography 387:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 387:458 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 4 38 theme galacturonic 920:931 arg1 acid 933:936 galacturonic acid 920:936 galacturonic acid 920:936 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 7 39 theme monosaccharide 1341:1354 arg1 composition 1356:1366 monosaccharide composition 1341:1366 monosaccharide composition 1341:1366 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 7 40 theme relative 1300:1307 arg1 mass 1319:1322 the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition 1296:1366 mass 1319:1322 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 0 41 theme monosaccharide 29:42 arg1 composition 44:54 monosaccharide composition 29:54 monosaccharide composition 29:54 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 4 42 theme highest 969:975 arg1 proportion 977:986 the highest proportion 965:986 the highest proportion among them 965:997 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 2 43 theme SPSS 560:563 arg1 software 570:577 SPSS 19.0 software 560:577 SPSS 19.0 software 560:577 Then cluster analysis was carried out for the monosaccharide peak areas by utilizing SPSS 19.0 software. 29243428 1 44 theme liquid 431:436 arg1 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 44 theme liquid 431:436 arg1 chromatography 438:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography 387:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 387:458 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 4 45 from polysaccharides 826:840 arg1 families 858:865 11 different families 845:865 11 different families 845:865 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 1 46 theme relative 231:238 arg1 mass 250:253 relative molecular mass 231:253 relative molecular mass distribution 231:266 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 0 47 theme polysaccharide 59:72 arg1 mass 20:23 [Relative molecular mass 0:23 [Relative molecular mass 0:23 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 0 47 theme polysaccharide 59:72 arg1 composition 44:54 monosaccharide composition 29:54 monosaccharide composition 29:54 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 1 48 theme high 328:331 arg1 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 48 theme high 328:331 arg1 chromatography 360:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography 328:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) 328:381 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 3 49 dep fractions 710:718 arg1 DOP-2 728:732 DOP-2 728:732 DOP-2 728:732 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 3 49 dep fractions 710:718 arg1 DOP-1 721:725 DOP-1 721:725 DOP-1 721:725 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 3 49 dep fractions 710:718 arg1 fractions 710:718 three fractions 704:718 three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 704:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 3 49 dep fractions 710:718 arg1 DOP-3 738:742 DOP-3 738:742 DOP-3 738:742 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 6 50 theme monosaccharide 1232:1245 arg1 components 1247:1256 their monosaccharide components 1226:1256 their monosaccharide components 1226:1256 11 families of D. officinale flower could be classified into four categories according to their monosaccharide components and relative contents. 29243428 1 51 theme pre-column 387:396 arg1 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 UPLC 454:457 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 51 theme pre-column 387:396 arg1 chromatography 438:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography 387:451 pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) 387:458 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 6 52 theme relative 1262:1269 arg1 contents 1271:1278 relative contents 1262:1278 relative contents 1262:1278 11 families of D. officinale flower could be classified into four categories according to their monosaccharide components and relative contents. 29243428 2 53 theme cluster 480:486 arg1 analysis 488:495 cluster analysis 480:495 cluster analysis 480:495 Then cluster analysis was carried out for the monosaccharide peak areas by utilizing SPSS 19.0 software. 29243428 1 54 theme performance 333:343 arg1 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 54 theme performance 333:343 arg1 chromatography 360:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography 328:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) 328:381 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 7 55 from mass 1319:1322 arg1 flowers 1404:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 3 56 theme families 651:658 arg1 polysaccharides 608:622 the polysaccharides 604:622 the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower 604:682 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 1 57 theme gel 345:347 arg1 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 57 theme gel 345:347 arg1 chromatography 360:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography 328:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) 328:381 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 7 58 theme D. 1390:1391 arg1 flowers 1404:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 1 59 theme new 129:131 arg1 information 133:143 new information 129:143 new information on polysaccharide 129:161 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 7 60 from composition 1356:1366 arg1 flowers 1404:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 D. officinale flowers 1390:1410 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 1 61 theme molecular 240:248 arg1 mass 250:253 relative molecular mass 231:253 relative molecular mass distribution 231:266 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 3 62 theme molecular 771:779 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 3 63 theme flower 677:682 arg1 families 651:658 all the above 11 hybrid families 627:658 all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower 627:682 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 2 64 theme monosaccharide 521:534 arg1 areas 541:545 the monosaccharide peak areas 517:545 the monosaccharide peak areas 517:545 Then cluster analysis was carried out for the monosaccharide peak areas by utilizing SPSS 19.0 software. 29243428 1 65 theme mass 250:253 arg1 distribution 255:266 relative molecular mass distribution 231:266 relative molecular mass distribution 231:266 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 0 66 theme Dendrobium 77:86 arg1 flowers 99:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 Dendrobium officinale flowers 77:105 [Relative molecular mass and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers]. 29243428 7 67 theme molecular 1309:1317 arg1 mass 1319:1322 the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition 1296:1366 mass 1319:1322 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 7 68 theme polysaccharides 1371:1385 arg1 mass 1319:1322 the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition 1296:1366 mass 1319:1322 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 7 68 theme polysaccharides 1371:1385 arg1 composition 1356:1366 monosaccharide composition 1341:1366 monosaccharide composition 1341:1366 In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．. 29243428 3 69 theme 5.53×105 789:796 arg1 mass 781:784 the average relative molecular mass 750:784 the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105 750:819 The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. 29243428 1 70 theme filtration 349:358 arg1 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 HPGFC 376:380 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 70 theme filtration 349:358 arg1 chromatography 360:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography 328:373 high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) 328:381 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 1 71 dep composition 215:225 arg1 the 196:198 the 196:198 the 196:198 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 29243428 4 72 contain had 961:963 arg2 proportion 977:986 the highest proportion 965:986 the highest proportion among them 965:997 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 4 72 contain had 961:963 arg1 mannose 953:959 mannose 953:959 mannose 953:959 The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. 29243428 1 73 dep order 112:116 arg1 provide 121:127 provide 121:127 to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers 118:194 In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. 28404222 0 0 theme polysaccharides 77:91 arg1 bioactivity 62:72 bioactivity 62:72 bioactivity 62:72 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 0 0 theme polysaccharides 77:91 arg1 property 49:56 property 49:56 property 49:56 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 10 1 theme monosaccharide 1378:1391 arg1 composition 1393:1403 monosaccharide composition 1378:1403 monosaccharide composition of Xyl 1378:1410 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 2 2 theme water 319:323 arg1 CWE 337:339 CWE 337:339 CWE 337:339 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 2 theme water 319:323 arg1 extraction 325:334 cold water extraction 314:334 cold water extraction (CWE) 314:340 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 9 3 theme uronic 1269:1274 arg1 acid 1276:1279 the more uronic acid 1260:1279 the more uronic acid 1260:1279 According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. 28404222 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 bioactivity 62:72 bioactivity 62:72 bioactivity 62:72 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 property 49:56 property 49:56 property 49:56 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 10 5 contain have 1461:1464 arg1 content 1367:1373 The high content 1358:1373 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl 1358:1410 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 10 5 contain have 1461:1464 arg2 effect 1471:1476 good effect 1466:1476 good effect 1466:1476 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 10 5 contain have 1461:1464 arg1 weight 1454:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 10 5 contain have 1461:1464 arg1 GlcA 1418:1421 GlcA 1418:1421 GlcA 1418:1421 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 2 6 theme cold 314:317 arg1 CWE 337:339 CWE 337:339 CWE 337:339 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 6 theme cold 314:317 arg1 extraction 325:334 cold water extraction 314:334 cold water extraction (CWE) 314:340 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 1 7 theme years 223:227 arg1 hundreds 211:218 hundreds 211:218 hundreds of years 211:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 3 8 theme ultraviolet-visible 611:629 arg1 spectroscopy 631:642 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy 611:642 ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV) 611:646 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 8 theme ultraviolet-visible 611:629 arg1 UV 644:645 UV 644:645 UV 644:645 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 9 theme polysaccharide 463:476 arg1 samples 484:490 four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 455:490 four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 455:490 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 6 10 theme acid 899:902 arg1 yield 904:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 5 11 theme large 848:852 arg1 weight 864:869 large molecular weight 848:869 large molecular weight 848:869 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 0 12 from property 49:56 arg1 Dioscorea 98:106 Dioscorea 98:106 Dioscorea 98:106 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 4 13 from activities 743:752 arg1 vitro 757:761 vitro 757:761 vitro of DHP 757:768 Their activities in vitro of DHP were compared. 28404222 8 14 theme characteristic 1174:1187 arg1 spectra 1166:1172 the typical IR spectra 1151:1172 the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 1151:1206 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 6 15 theme uronic 892:897 arg1 yield 904:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 7 16 theme FRAP 1043:1046 arg1 RP 1036:1037 its RP and FRAP activity 1032:1055 RP 1036:1037 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 7 16 theme FRAP 1043:1046 arg1 activity 1048:1055 its RP and FRAP activity 1032:1055 activity 1048:1055 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 7 16 theme FRAP 1043:1046 arg1 best 1066:1069 best 1066:1069 best 1066:1069 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 3 17 theme fourier 649:655 arg1 FT-IR 690:694 FT-IR 690:694 FT-IR 690:694 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 17 theme fourier 649:655 arg1 spectroscopy 676:687 fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 649:687 fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 649:695 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 9 18 dep higher 1321:1326 arg1 activity 1344:1351 the antioxidant activity 1328:1351 the higher the antioxidant activity 1317:1351 According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. 28404222 9 19 theme lower 1289:1293 arg1 weight 1305:1310 the lower molecular weight 1285:1310 the lower molecular weight 1285:1310 According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. 28404222 2 20 theme warm 343:346 arg1 extraction 354:363 warm water extraction 343:363 warm water extraction (WWE) 343:369 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 20 theme warm 343:346 arg1 WWE 366:368 WWE 366:368 WWE 366:368 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 8 21 theme typical 1155:1161 arg1 spectra 1166:1172 the typical IR spectra 1151:1172 the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 1151:1206 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 8 22 theme polysaccharides 1192:1206 arg1 characteristic 1174:1187 characteristic 1174:1187 characteristic 1174:1187 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 3 23 theme DH 460:461 arg1 samples 484:490 four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 455:490 four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 455:490 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 6 24 theme AAI 961:963 arg1 best 983:986 best 983:986 best 983:986 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 6 24 theme AAI 961:963 arg1 activity 965:972 its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity 943:972 its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity 943:972 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 2 25 theme water 379:383 arg1 HWE 397:399 HWE 397:399 HWE 397:399 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 25 theme water 379:383 arg1 extraction 385:394 hot water extraction 375:394 hot water extraction (HWE) 375:400 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 6 26 contain had 876:878 arg2 weight 931:936 little molecular weight 914:936 little molecular weight 914:936 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 6 26 contain had 876:878 arg1 CWE 872:874 CWE 872:874 CWE 872:874 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 6 26 contain had 876:878 arg2 yield 904:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 3 27 theme samples 484:490 arg1 characterizations 434:450 the different characterizations 420:450 the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 420:490 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 5 28 theme Experimental 785:796 arg1 results 798:804 Experimental results 785:804 Experimental results 785:804 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 2 29 theme hot 375:377 arg1 HWE 397:399 HWE 397:399 HWE 397:399 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 29 theme hot 375:377 arg1 extraction 385:394 hot water extraction 375:394 hot water extraction (HWE) 375:400 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 6 30 theme highest 884:890 arg1 yield 904:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 the highest uronic acid yield 880:908 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 8 31 contain had 1089:1091 arg1 samples 1081:1087 Four DHP samples 1072:1087 Four DHP samples 1072:1087 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 8 31 contain had 1089:1091 arg2 differences 1093:1103 differences 1093:1103 differences in the surface topography 1093:1129 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 2 32 theme ultrasonic-assisted 276:294 arg1 UAE 308:310 UAE 308:310 UAE 308:310 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 32 theme ultrasonic-assisted 276:294 arg1 extraction 296:305 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 276:305 ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) 276:311 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 6 33 theme AGI 953:955 arg1 best 983:986 best 983:986 best 983:986 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 6 33 theme AGI 953:955 arg1 activity 965:972 its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity 943:972 its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity 943:972 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 0 34 theme different 14:22 arg1 techniques 35:44 different extraction techniques 14:44 different extraction techniques 14:44 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 7 35 theme molecular 993:1001 arg1 small 1021:1025 small 1021:1025 small 1021:1025 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 7 35 theme molecular 993:1001 arg1 weight 1003:1008 The molecular weight 989:1008 The molecular weight of UAE 989:1015 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 3 36 theme DHP 479:481 arg1 samples 484:490 four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 455:490 four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 455:490 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 8 37 theme surface 1112:1118 arg1 topography 1120:1129 the surface topography 1108:1129 the surface topography 1108:1129 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 5 38 theme molecular 854:862 arg1 weight 864:869 large molecular weight 848:869 large molecular weight 848:869 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 3 39 theme transform-infrared 657:674 arg1 FT-IR 690:694 FT-IR 690:694 FT-IR 690:694 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 39 theme transform-infrared 657:674 arg1 spectroscopy 676:687 fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 649:687 fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 649:695 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 40 theme Gel 573:575 arg1 HGPC 604:607 HGPC 604:607 HGPC 604:607 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 40 theme Gel 573:575 arg1 chromatography 588:601 high-performance Gel permeation chromatography 556:601 high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC) 556:608 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 41 theme different 424:432 arg1 characterizations 434:450 the different characterizations 420:450 the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples 420:490 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 2 42 from Polysaccharides 230:244 arg1 DH 249:250 DH 249:250 DH 249:250 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 6 43 theme DPPH 947:950 arg1 best 983:986 best 983:986 best 983:986 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 6 43 theme DPPH 947:950 arg1 activity 965:972 its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity 943:972 its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity 943:972 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 0 44 theme techniques 35:44 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 0:116 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 8 45 theme IR 1163:1164 arg1 spectra 1166:1172 the typical IR spectra 1151:1172 the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 1151:1206 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 3 46 theme permeation 577:586 arg1 HGPC 604:607 HGPC 604:607 HGPC 604:607 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 46 theme permeation 577:586 arg1 chromatography 588:601 high-performance Gel permeation chromatography 556:601 high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC) 556:608 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 47 theme high-performance 509:524 arg1 HPLC 549:552 HPLC 549:552 HPLC 549:552 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 47 theme high-performance 509:524 arg1 chromatography 533:546 high-performance liquid chromatography 509:546 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 509:553 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 9 48 theme molecular 1295:1303 arg1 weight 1305:1310 the lower molecular weight 1285:1310 the lower molecular weight 1285:1310 According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. 28404222 10 49 theme antidiabetic 1481:1492 arg1 activity 1494:1501 antidiabetic activity 1481:1501 antidiabetic activity 1481:1501 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 0 50 theme extraction 24:33 arg1 techniques 35:44 different extraction techniques 14:44 different extraction techniques 14:44 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 3 51 theme scanning 701:708 arg1 SEM 731:733 SEM 731:733 SEM 731:733 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 51 theme scanning 701:708 arg1 microscopy 719:728 scanning electron microscopy 701:728 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 701:734 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 10 52 theme little 1437:1442 arg1 weight 1454:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 0 53 from bioactivity 62:72 arg1 Dioscorea 98:106 Dioscorea 98:106 Dioscorea 98:106 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 3 54 theme liquid 526:531 arg1 HPLC 549:552 HPLC 549:552 HPLC 549:552 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 54 theme liquid 526:531 arg1 chromatography 533:546 high-performance liquid chromatography 509:546 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 509:553 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 1 55 theme diabetes 189:196 arg1 treatment 176:184 a treatment 174:184 a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years 174:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 1 55 theme diabetes 189:196 arg1 rhizoma 122:128 The rhizoma 118:128 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) 118:155 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 7 56 theme UAE 1013:1015 arg1 small 1021:1025 small 1021:1025 small 1021:1025 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 7 56 theme UAE 1013:1015 arg1 weight 1003:1008 The molecular weight 989:1008 The molecular weight of UAE 989:1015 The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. 28404222 3 57 theme electron 710:717 arg1 SEM 731:733 SEM 731:733 SEM 731:733 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 57 theme electron 710:717 arg1 microscopy 719:728 scanning electron microscopy 701:728 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 701:734 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 10 58 theme high 1362:1365 arg1 content 1367:1373 The high content 1358:1373 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl 1358:1410 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 3 59 theme high-performance 556:571 arg1 HGPC 604:607 HGPC 604:607 HGPC 604:607 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 3 59 theme high-performance 556:571 arg1 chromatography 588:601 high-performance Gel permeation chromatography 556:601 high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC) 556:608 Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 28404222 1 60 from diabetes 189:196 arg1 China 201:205 China 201:205 China for hundreds of years 201:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 9 61 theme correlation 1223:1233 arg1 analysis 1235:1242 the correlation analysis 1219:1242 the correlation analysis 1219:1242 According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. 28404222 8 62 contain had 1147:1149 arg2 spectra 1166:1172 the typical IR spectra 1151:1172 the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides 1151:1206 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 8 62 contain had 1147:1149 arg1 they 1138:1141 they 1138:1141 they 1138:1141 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 5 63 theme highest 830:836 arg1 yield 838:842 yield 838:842 yield 838:842 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 10 64 theme molecular 1444:1452 arg1 weight 1454:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 1 65 from treatment 176:184 arg1 China 201:205 China 201:205 China for hundreds of years 201:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 9 66 theme antioxidant 1332:1342 arg1 activity 1344:1351 the antioxidant activity 1328:1351 the higher the antioxidant activity 1317:1351 According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. 28404222 1 67 from China 201:205 arg1 treatment 176:184 a treatment 174:184 a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years 174:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 1 67 from China 201:205 arg1 rhizoma 122:128 The rhizoma 118:128 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) 118:155 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 0 68 from Dioscorea 98:106 arg1 polysaccharides 77:91 polysaccharides 77:91 polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi 77:115 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 0 68 from Dioscorea 98:106 arg1 bioactivity 62:72 bioactivity 62:72 bioactivity 62:72 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 0 68 from Dioscorea 98:106 arg1 property 49:56 property 49:56 property 49:56 The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi. 28404222 1 69 used used 166:169 arg2 treatment 176:184 a treatment 174:184 a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years 174:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 1 69 used used 166:169 arg2 rhizoma 122:128 The rhizoma 118:128 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) 118:155 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 5 70 contain had 822:824 arg1 HWE 818:820 HWE 818:820 HWE 818:820 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 5 70 contain had 822:824 arg2 yield 838:842 yield 838:842 yield 838:842 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 5 70 contain had 822:824 arg2 weight 864:869 large molecular weight 848:869 large molecular weight 848:869 Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. 28404222 1 71 theme Dioscorea 133:141 arg1 DH 153:154 DH 153:154 DH 153:154 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 1 71 theme Dioscorea 133:141 arg1 hemsleyi 143:150 Dioscorea hemsleyi 133:150 Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) 133:155 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 10 72 theme composition 1393:1403 arg1 content 1367:1373 The high content 1358:1373 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl 1358:1410 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 10 72 theme composition 1393:1403 arg1 GalA 1427:1430 GalA 1427:1430 GalA 1427:1430 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 10 72 theme composition 1393:1403 arg1 weight 1454:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 little molecular weight 1437:1459 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 2 73 theme water 348:352 arg1 extraction 354:363 warm water extraction 343:363 warm water extraction (WWE) 343:369 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 2 73 theme water 348:352 arg1 WWE 366:368 WWE 366:368 WWE 366:368 Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. 28404222 1 74 theme hemsleyi 143:150 arg1 treatment 176:184 a treatment 174:184 a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years 174:227 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 1 74 theme hemsleyi 143:150 arg1 rhizoma 122:128 The rhizoma 118:128 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) 118:155 The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. 28404222 10 75 theme good 1466:1469 arg1 effect 1471:1476 good effect 1466:1476 good effect 1466:1476 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 6 76 theme molecular 921:929 arg1 weight 931:936 little molecular weight 914:936 little molecular weight 914:936 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 28404222 8 77 theme DHP 1077:1079 arg1 samples 1081:1087 Four DHP samples 1072:1087 Four DHP samples 1072:1087 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 10 78 theme Xyl 1408:1410 arg1 composition 1393:1403 monosaccharide composition 1378:1403 monosaccharide composition of Xyl 1378:1410 The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. 28404222 8 79 from differences 1093:1103 arg1 topography 1120:1129 the surface topography 1108:1129 the surface topography 1108:1129 Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. 28404222 6 80 theme little 914:919 arg1 weight 931:936 little molecular weight 914:936 little molecular weight 914:936 CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. 27561539 4 0 theme advanced 532:539 arg1 structures 541:550 its advanced structures 528:550 its advanced structures 528:550 Congo red was applied to explore its advanced structures. 27561539 7 1 theme α-d-glucopyranose 1094:1110 arg1 backbone 1069:1076 a linear backbone 1060:1076 a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp) 1060:1117 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 5 2 theme chemical 579:586 arg1 composition 588:598 chemical composition 579:598 chemical composition 579:598 The results revealed that chemical composition and structural characteristic of TBP-II was mainly consisted of galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2. 27561539 0 3 from characterization 11:26 arg1 activity 62:69 α-d-glucosidase activity 46:69 α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 46:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 10 4 theme polysaccharides 1372:1386 arg1 concentration 1355:1367 the concentration 1351:1367 the concentration of polysaccharides 1351:1386 The result showed that the inhibition rate depended on the concentration of polysaccharides. 27561539 6 5 theme -linked 859:865 arg1 α-d-glucopyranosyl 867:884 (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl 854:884 (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp) 854:891 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 5 theme -linked 859:865 arg1 Glcp 887:890 Glcp 887:890 Glcp 887:890 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 6 dep α-d-glucopyranosyl 795:812 arg1 1→4 783:785 1→4 783:785 1→4 783:785 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 3 7 theme TBP-II 388:393 arg1 characterization 368:383 The structural characterization 353:383 The structural characterization of TBP-II 353:393 The structural characterization of TBP-II was investigated by gas chromatography, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, Methylation and NMR. 27561539 10 8 theme inhibition 1323:1332 arg1 rate 1334:1337 the inhibition rate 1319:1337 the inhibition rate 1319:1337 The result showed that the inhibition rate depended on the concentration of polysaccharides. 27561539 1 9 theme polysaccharide 274:287 arg1 fraction 289:296 a polysaccharide fraction 272:296 a polysaccharide fraction termed TBP-II 272:310 In the present study, the crude polysaccharide was extracted from Fagopyrum tartaricum and purified by Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column to produce a polysaccharide fraction termed TBP-II. 27561539 9 10 theme positive 1278:1285 arg1 control 1287:1293 positive control 1278:1293 positive control 1278:1293 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II was determined using acarbose as positive control. 27561539 5 11 theme molar 712:716 arg1 ratio 718:722 a molar ratio 710:722 a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2 710:740 The results revealed that chemical composition and structural characteristic of TBP-II was mainly consisted of galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2. 27561539 6 12 theme TBP-II 759:764 arg1 backbone 747:754 The backbone 743:754 The backbone of TBP-II 743:764 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 13 dep α-d-galactopyranosyl 907:926 arg1 1→6 895:897 1→6 895:897 1→6 895:897 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 0 14 from activity 62:69 arg1 tartaricum 116:125 Fagopyrum tartaricum 106:125 Fagopyrum tartaricum 106:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 6 15 link -linked 899:905 arg1 Galp 929:932 Galp 929:932 Galp 929:932 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 15 link -linked 899:905 arg1 α-d-galactopyranosyl 907:926 (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl 894:926 (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) 894:933 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 8 16 theme helix 1178:1182 arg1 structure 1184:1192 triple helix structure 1171:1192 triple helix structure 1171:1192 Using Congo red assay showed that it was absent of triple helix structure. 27561539 0 17 theme α-d-glucosidase 46:60 arg1 activity 62:69 α-d-glucosidase activity 46:69 α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 46:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 3 18 theme gas 415:417 arg1 chromatography 419:432 gas chromatography 415:432 gas chromatography 415:432 The structural characterization of TBP-II was investigated by gas chromatography, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, Methylation and NMR. 27561539 5 19 theme TBP-II 633:638 arg1 composition 588:598 chemical composition 579:598 chemical composition 579:598 The results revealed that chemical composition and structural characteristic of TBP-II was mainly consisted of galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2. 27561539 5 19 theme TBP-II 633:638 arg1 characteristic 615:628 structural characteristic 604:628 structural characteristic 604:628 The results revealed that chemical composition and structural characteristic of TBP-II was mainly consisted of galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2. 27561539 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 8 21 theme triple 1171:1176 arg1 structure 1184:1192 triple helix structure 1171:1192 triple helix structure 1171:1192 Using Congo red assay showed that it was absent of triple helix structure. 27561539 7 22 contain had 1056:1058 arg2 backbone 1069:1076 a linear backbone 1060:1076 a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp) 1060:1117 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 7 22 contain had 1056:1058 arg1 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan 1018:1049 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan 1018:1049 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan 1018:1049 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 7 22 contain had 1056:1058 arg1 1,3 1010:1012 1,3 1010:1012 1,3 1010:1012 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 7 22 contain had 1056:1058 arg1 structure 986:994 The structure 982:994 The structure of TBP-II 982:1004 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 6 23 theme -linked 946:952 arg1 Rhap 975:978 Rhap 975:978 Rhap 975:978 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 23 theme -linked 946:952 arg1 α-d-rhamnopyranosyl 954:972 (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl 939:972 (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap) 939:979 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 2 24 theme molecular 325:333 arg1 weight 335:340 Its average molecular weight 313:340 Its average molecular weight 313:340 Its average molecular weight was 26kDa. 27561539 7 25 theme TBP-II 999:1004 arg1 structure 986:994 The structure 982:994 The structure of TBP-II 982:1004 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 7 25 theme TBP-II 999:1004 arg1 1,3 1010:1012 1,3 1010:1012 1,3 1010:1012 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 6 26 link -linked 787:793 arg1 Glcp 815:818 Glcp 815:818 Glcp 815:818 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 26 link -linked 787:793 arg1 α-d-glucopyranosyl 795:812 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl 782:812 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp) 782:819 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 7 27 theme linear 1062:1067 arg1 backbone 1069:1076 a linear backbone 1060:1076 a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp) 1060:1117 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 9 28 theme inhibitory 1215:1224 arg1 activity 1226:1233 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity 1195:1233 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II 1195:1243 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II was determined using acarbose as positive control. 27561539 2 29 theme average 317:323 arg1 weight 335:340 Its average molecular weight 313:340 Its average molecular weight 313:340 Its average molecular weight was 26kDa. 27561539 7 30 link -linked 1086:1092 arg1 Glcp 1113:1116 Glcp 1113:1116 Glcp 1113:1116 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 7 30 link -linked 1086:1092 arg1 α-d-glucopyranose 1094:1110 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose 1081:1110 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp) 1081:1117 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 3 31 theme oxidation-Smith 445:459 arg1 degradation 461:471 periodate oxidation-Smith degradation 435:471 periodate oxidation-Smith degradation 435:471 The structural characterization of TBP-II was investigated by gas chromatography, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, Methylation and NMR. 27561539 1 32 theme Sephadex 231:238 arg1 G-25 240:243 Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column 231:259 G-25 240:243 In the present study, the crude polysaccharide was extracted from Fagopyrum tartaricum and purified by Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column to produce a polysaccharide fraction termed TBP-II. 27561539 6 33 dep α-d-glucopyranosyl 867:884 arg1 1→3 855:857 1→3 855:857 1→3 855:857 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 9 34 theme α-d-glucosidase 1199:1213 arg1 activity 1226:1233 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity 1195:1233 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II 1195:1243 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II was determined using acarbose as positive control. 27561539 8 35 theme structure 1184:1192 arg1 absent 1161:1166 absent 1161:1166 absent 1161:1166 Using Congo red assay showed that it was absent of triple helix structure. 27561539 8 36 theme red 1132:1134 arg1 assay 1136:1140 Congo red assay 1126:1140 Congo red assay 1126:1140 Using Congo red assay showed that it was absent of triple helix structure. 27561539 0 37 theme non-starch 74:83 arg1 polysaccharides 85:99 non-starch polysaccharides 74:99 non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 74:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 6 38 theme -linked 787:793 arg1 Glcp 815:818 Glcp 815:818 Glcp 815:818 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 38 theme -linked 787:793 arg1 α-d-glucopyranosyl 795:812 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl 782:812 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp) 782:819 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 1 39 theme present 135:141 arg1 study 143:147 the present study 131:147 the present study 131:147 In the present study, the crude polysaccharide was extracted from Fagopyrum tartaricum and purified by Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column to produce a polysaccharide fraction termed TBP-II. 27561539 3 40 theme periodate 435:443 arg1 degradation 461:471 periodate oxidation-Smith degradation 435:471 periodate oxidation-Smith degradation 435:471 The structural characterization of TBP-II was investigated by gas chromatography, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, Methylation and NMR. 27561539 6 41 theme -linked 899:905 arg1 Galp 929:932 Galp 929:932 Galp 929:932 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 41 theme -linked 899:905 arg1 α-d-galactopyranosyl 907:926 (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl 894:926 (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) 894:933 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 42 link -linked 946:952 arg1 Rhap 975:978 Rhap 975:978 Rhap 975:978 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 42 link -linked 946:952 arg1 α-d-rhamnopyranosyl 954:972 (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl 939:972 (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap) 939:979 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 5 43 theme structural 604:613 arg1 characteristic 615:628 structural characteristic 604:628 structural characteristic 604:628 The results revealed that chemical composition and structural characteristic of TBP-II was mainly consisted of galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2. 27561539 6 44 link -linked 859:865 arg1 α-d-glucopyranosyl 867:884 (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl 854:884 (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp) 854:891 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 6 44 link -linked 859:865 arg1 Glcp 887:890 Glcp 887:890 Glcp 887:890 The backbone of TBP-II was composed of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), while the branches comprised of (1→3)-linked α-d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp), (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl (Galp) and (1→2,4)-linked α-d-rhamnopyranosyl (Rhap). 27561539 5 45 theme 0.7:1:6.3:74.2 727:740 arg1 ratio 718:722 a molar ratio 710:722 a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2 710:740 The results revealed that chemical composition and structural characteristic of TBP-II was mainly consisted of galactose, arabinose, xylose and glucose with a molar ratio of 0.7:1:6.3:74.2. 27561539 9 46 theme TBP-II 1238:1243 arg1 activity 1226:1233 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity 1195:1233 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II 1195:1243 The α-d-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TBP-II was determined using acarbose as positive control. 27561539 1 47 theme G-75 249:252 arg1 column 254:259 Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column 231:259 column 254:259 In the present study, the crude polysaccharide was extracted from Fagopyrum tartaricum and purified by Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column to produce a polysaccharide fraction termed TBP-II. 27561539 0 48 theme polysaccharides 85:99 arg1 activity 62:69 α-d-glucosidase activity 46:69 α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 46:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 0 49 from tartaricum 116:125 arg1 activity 62:69 α-d-glucosidase activity 46:69 α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 46:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 0 49 from tartaricum 116:125 arg1 polysaccharides 85:99 non-starch polysaccharides 74:99 non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 74:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 1 50 theme crude 154:158 arg1 polysaccharide 160:173 the crude polysaccharide 150:173 the crude polysaccharide 150:173 In the present study, the crude polysaccharide was extracted from Fagopyrum tartaricum and purified by Sephadex G-25 and G-75 column to produce a polysaccharide fraction termed TBP-II. 27561539 3 51 theme structural 357:366 arg1 characterization 368:383 The structural characterization 353:383 The structural characterization of TBP-II 353:393 The structural characterization of TBP-II was investigated by gas chromatography, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, Methylation and NMR. 27561539 0 52 from inhibition 32:41 arg1 activity 62:69 α-d-glucosidase activity 46:69 α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum 46:125 Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum. 27561539 7 53 theme -linked 1086:1092 arg1 Glcp 1113:1116 Glcp 1113:1116 Glcp 1113:1116 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 27561539 7 53 theme -linked 1086:1092 arg1 α-d-glucopyranose 1094:1110 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose 1081:1110 (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp) 1081:1117 The structure of TBP-II was 1,3 and 1,6-branched-galactorhamnoglucan that had a linear backbone of (1→4)-linked α-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). 29233708 5 0 dep % 715:715 arg1 NH4 718:720 NH4 718:720 NH4 718:720 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 4 1 theme extraction 510:519 arg1 time 521:524 extraction time 510:524 extraction time 510:524 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 2 from temperature 530:540 arg1 extraction 411:420 extraction 411:420 extraction of ZMP 411:427 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 3 theme system 498:503 arg1 composition 465:475 composition 465:475 composition of aqueous two-phase system 465:503 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 5 4 theme extraction 752:761 arg1 38min 745:749 38min 745:749 38min 745:749 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 4 theme extraction 752:761 arg1 temperature 763:773 extraction temperature 752:773 extraction temperature 752:773 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 6 5 theme extraction 880:889 arg1 yield 891:895 the experimental extraction yield 863:895 the experimental extraction yield 863:895 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield was 8.18%. 29233708 6 5 theme extraction 880:889 arg1 % 905:905 8.18% 901:905 8.18% 901:905 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield was 8.18%. 29233708 7 6 theme 1.46:2.47:2.27:1.12:1.00:1.57:5.40 1056:1089 arg1 ratio 1047:1051 a ratio 1045:1051 a ratio of 1.46:2.47:2.27:1.12:1.00:1.57:5.40 1045:1089 Chemical analysis revealed that ZMP were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, at a ratio of 1.46:2.47:2.27:1.12:1.00:1.57:5.40, respectively. 29233708 9 7 theme ABTS 1182:1185 arg1 scavenging 1195:1204 ABTS radical scavenging 1182:1204 ABTS radical scavenging 1182:1204 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity. 29233708 5 8 theme ATPS 679:682 arg1 conditions 663:672 The final optimal conditions 645:672 The final optimal conditions 645:672 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 8 theme ATPS 679:682 arg1 composition 684:694 ATPS composition 679:694 ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W 679:836 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 6 9 theme experimental 867:878 arg1 yield 891:895 the experimental extraction yield 863:895 the experimental extraction yield 863:895 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield was 8.18%. 29233708 6 9 theme experimental 867:878 arg1 % 905:905 8.18% 901:905 8.18% 901:905 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield was 8.18%. 29233708 4 10 from time 521:524 arg1 extraction 411:420 extraction 411:420 extraction of ZMP 411:427 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 11 from effects 390:396 arg1 extraction 411:420 extraction 411:420 extraction of ZMP 411:427 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 2 12 theme aqueous 180:186 arg1 UAATPE 210:215 UAATPE 210:215 UAATPE 210:215 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 2 12 theme aqueous 180:186 arg1 extraction 198:207 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 160:207 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure 160:251 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 5 13 theme 29 697:698 arg1 % 699:699 % 699:699 % 699:699 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 4 14 theme results 608:614 arg1 basis 599:603 basis 599:603 basis of results of single-factor experiment 599:642 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 5 15 theme extraction 728:737 arg1 time 739:742 extraction time 728:742 extraction time 728:742 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 15 theme extraction 728:737 arg1 ethanol 701:707 29% ethanol 697:707 29% ethanol 697:707 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 2 16 theme ultrasound-assisted 160:178 arg1 UAATPE 210:215 UAATPE 210:215 UAATPE 210:215 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 2 16 theme ultrasound-assisted 160:178 arg1 extraction 198:207 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 160:207 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure 160:251 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 5 17 theme final 649:653 arg1 conditions 663:672 The final optimal conditions 645:672 The final optimal conditions 645:672 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 17 theme final 649:653 arg1 composition 684:694 ATPS composition 679:694 ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W 679:836 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 4 18 theme ZMP 425:427 arg1 extraction 411:420 extraction 411:420 extraction of ZMP 411:427 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 5 19 theme optimal 655:661 arg1 conditions 663:672 The final optimal conditions 645:672 The final optimal conditions 645:672 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 19 theme optimal 655:661 arg1 composition 684:694 ATPS composition 679:694 ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W 679:836 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 20 theme solvent-to-material 782:800 arg1 ratio 802:806 solvent-to-material ratio: 30 782:810 solvent-to-material ratio: 30 782:810 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 7 21 theme galacturonic 1023:1034 arg1 rhamnose 961:968 rhamnose 961:968 rhamnose 961:968 Chemical analysis revealed that ZMP were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, at a ratio of 1.46:2.47:2.27:1.12:1.00:1.57:5.40, respectively. 29233708 7 21 theme galacturonic 1023:1034 arg1 acid 1036:1039 galacturonic acid 1023:1039 galacturonic acid 1023:1039 Chemical analysis revealed that ZMP were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, at a ratio of 1.46:2.47:2.27:1.12:1.00:1.57:5.40, respectively. 29233708 7 22 theme Chemical 908:915 arg1 analysis 917:924 Chemical analysis 908:924 Chemical analysis 908:924 Chemical analysis revealed that ZMP were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, at a ratio of 1.46:2.47:2.27:1.12:1.00:1.57:5.40, respectively. 29233708 4 23 theme two-phase 488:496 arg1 system 498:503 aqueous two-phase system 480:503 aqueous two-phase system 480:503 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 24 theme surface 576:582 arg1 methodology 584:594 response surface methodology 567:594 response surface methodology 567:594 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 1 25 theme ultrasound-assisted 95:113 arg1 extraction 133:142 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 95:142 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 95:142 Muzao by ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction. 29233708 4 26 theme response 567:574 arg1 methodology 584:594 response surface methodology 567:594 response surface methodology 567:594 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 5 27 theme % 715:715 arg1 2SO4 722:725 15% (NH4)2SO4 713:725 15% (NH4)2SO4 713:725 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 4 28 theme UAATPE 401:406 arg1 time 521:524 extraction time 510:524 extraction time 510:524 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 28 theme UAATPE 401:406 arg1 effects 390:396 effects 390:396 effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP 390:427 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 28 theme UAATPE 401:406 arg1 temperature 530:540 temperature 530:540 temperature 530:540 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 1 29 theme aqueous 115:121 arg1 extraction 133:142 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 95:142 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 95:142 Muzao by ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction. 29233708 0 30 theme physicochemical 15:29 arg1 properties 31:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 1 31 theme two-phase 123:131 arg1 extraction 133:142 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 95:142 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 95:142 Muzao by ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction. 29233708 0 32 theme polysaccharides 45:59 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 0 32 theme polysaccharides 45:59 arg1 properties 31:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 9 33 theme DPPH 1173:1176 arg1 activities 1206:1215 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities 1169:1215 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities 1169:1215 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity. 29233708 5 34 theme microwave 817:825 arg1 power 827:831 microwave power 817:831 microwave power 817:831 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 9 35 dep showed 1217:1222 arg1 had 1228:1230 had 1228:1230 showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity 1217:1262 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity. 29233708 0 36 from cv 82:83 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 0 36 from cv 82:83 arg1 properties 31:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 physicochemical properties 15:40 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 4 37 theme multiphase 370:379 arg1 system 358:363 an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 330:363 an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 330:363 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 37 theme multiphase 370:379 arg1 solvent 381:387 a multiphase solvent 368:387 a multiphase solvent 368:387 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 0 38 theme Ziziphus 66:73 arg1 cv 82:83 Ziziphus Jujuba cv 66:83 Ziziphus Jujuba cv 66:83 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 5 39 theme % 699:699 arg1 time 739:742 extraction time 728:742 extraction time 728:742 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 39 theme % 699:699 arg1 ethanol 701:707 29% ethanol 697:707 29% ethanol 697:707 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 2 40 theme two-phase 188:196 arg1 UAATPE 210:215 UAATPE 210:215 UAATPE 210:215 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 2 40 theme two-phase 188:196 arg1 extraction 198:207 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 160:207 ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure 160:251 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 9 41 theme antioxidant 1243:1253 arg1 activity 1255:1262 moderately antioxidant activity 1232:1262 moderately antioxidant activity 1232:1262 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity. 29233708 9 42 theme radical 1187:1193 arg1 scavenging 1195:1204 ABTS radical scavenging 1182:1204 ABTS radical scavenging 1182:1204 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity. 29233708 2 43 theme one-step 234:241 arg1 procedure 243:251 a one-step procedure 232:251 a one-step procedure 232:251 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 4 44 theme aqueous 480:486 arg1 system 498:503 aqueous two-phase system 480:503 aqueous two-phase system 480:503 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 2 45 from Jujuba 306:311 arg1 polysaccharides 276:290 extract polysaccharides 268:290 extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv 268:314 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 9 46 theme scavenging 1195:1204 arg1 activities 1206:1215 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities 1169:1215 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities 1169:1215 The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed ZMP had moderately antioxidant activity. 29233708 4 47 theme experiment 633:642 arg1 results 608:614 results 608:614 results of single-factor experiment 608:642 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 5 48 theme 15 713:714 arg1 % 715:715 % 715:715 % 715:715 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 4 49 theme sulfate 350:356 arg1 system 358:363 an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 330:363 an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 330:363 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 49 theme sulfate 350:356 arg1 solvent 381:387 a multiphase solvent 368:387 a multiphase solvent 368:387 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 50 theme single-factor 619:631 arg1 experiment 633:642 single-factor experiment 619:642 single-factor experiment 619:642 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 51 theme solvent-to-material 438:456 arg1 ratio 458:462 solvent-to-material ratio 438:462 solvent-to-material ratio 438:462 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 2 52 theme extract 268:274 arg1 polysaccharides 276:290 extract polysaccharides 268:290 extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv 268:314 In this paper, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) performed via a one-step procedure was applied to extract polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 4 53 theme ethanol/ammonium 333:348 arg1 system 358:363 an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 330:363 an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 330:363 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 4 53 theme ethanol/ammonium 333:348 arg1 solvent 381:387 a multiphase solvent 368:387 a multiphase solvent 368:387 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 29233708 0 54 theme Jujuba 75:80 arg1 cv 82:83 Ziziphus Jujuba cv 66:83 Ziziphus Jujuba cv 66:83 Extraction and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from Ziziphus Jujuba cv. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 48°C 776:779 48°C 776:779 48°C 776:779 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 38min 745:749 38min 745:749 38min 745:749 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 power 827:831 microwave power 817:831 microwave power 817:831 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 ethanol 701:707 29% ethanol 697:707 29% ethanol 697:707 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 ratio 802:806 solvent-to-material ratio: 30 782:810 solvent-to-material ratio: 30 782:810 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 2SO4 722:725 15% (NH4)2SO4 713:725 15% (NH4)2SO4 713:725 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 70W 834:836 70W 834:836 ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W 679:836 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 temperature 763:773 extraction temperature 752:773 extraction temperature 752:773 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 5 55 dep composition 684:694 arg1 time 739:742 extraction time 728:742 extraction time 728:742 The final optimal conditions were ATPS composition: 29% ethanol and 15% (NH4)2SO4, extraction time: 38min, extraction temperature: 48°C, solvent-to-material ratio: 30, and microwave power: 70W. 29233708 4 56 dep such 430:433 arg1 as 435:436 as 435:436 as 435:436 Using an ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, effects of UAATPE on extraction of ZMP, such as solvent-to-material ratio, composition of aqueous two-phase system, and extraction time and temperature, were investigated using response surface methodology on basis of results of single-factor experiment. 25817661 8 0 theme strains 1412:1418 arg1 carbohydrate-fingerprint 1380:1403 a carbohydrate-fingerprint 1378:1403 a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains 1378:1418 Using the method a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains was obtained even allowing a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species. 25817661 3 1 theme fast 518:521 arg1 analysis 536:543 the fast carbohydrate analysis 514:543 the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate 514:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 6 2 theme present 1080:1086 arg1 monomers 1068:1075 single monomers 1061:1075 single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1061:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 0 3 theme monosaccharide 81:94 arg1 composition 96:106 monosaccharide composition 81:106 monosaccharide composition 81:106 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 5 4 theme sphingans 949:957 arg1 types 940:944 various types 932:944 various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition 932:1025 The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. 25817661 9 5 theme strain 1724:1729 arg1 libraries 1731:1739 strain libraries 1724:1739 strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1724:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 2 6 theme EPS 382:384 arg1 variants 386:393 modified EPS variants 373:393 modified EPS variants 373:393 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 6 7 theme single 1061:1066 arg1 monomers 1068:1075 single monomers 1061:1075 single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1061:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 0 8 theme carbohydrate 112:123 arg1 fingerprinting 125:138 carbohydrate fingerprinting 112:138 carbohydrate fingerprinting 112:138 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 6 9 from polysaccharides 1105:1119 arg1 present 1080:1086 present 1080:1086 present 1080:1086 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 6 10 theme monomers 1068:1075 arg1 detection 1048:1056 Even a quantitative detection 1028:1056 Even a quantitative detection 1028:1056 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 5 11 theme monomer 1007:1013 arg1 composition 1015:1025 the monomer composition 1003:1025 the monomer composition 1003:1025 The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. 25817661 6 12 attach present 1080:1086 arg2 monomers 1068:1075 single monomers 1061:1075 single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1061:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 6 12 attach present 1080:1086 arg1 polysaccharides 1105:1119 complex plant polysaccharides 1091:1119 complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1091:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 7 13 theme producing 1314:1322 arg1 strains 1324:1330 41 EPS producing strains 1307:1330 41 EPS producing strains 1307:1330 Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. 25817661 4 14 theme hydrolyzed 772:781 arg1 polysaccharides 783:797 hydrolyzed polysaccharides 772:797 hydrolyzed polysaccharides 772:797 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. 25817661 2 15 theme isolated 353:360 arg1 strains 362:368 novel isolated strains 347:368 novel isolated strains 347:368 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 5 16 theme small 982:986 arg1 alterations 988:998 small alterations 982:998 small alterations in the monomer composition 982:1025 The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. 25817661 9 17 theme genetic 1746:1752 arg1 engineering 1754:1764 genetic engineering 1746:1764 genetic engineering for altered structures 1746:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 3 18 theme liquid 549:554 arg1 chromatography 556:569 liquid chromatography 549:569 liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate 549:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 9 19 from screening 1711:1719 arg1 engineering 1754:1764 genetic engineering 1746:1764 genetic engineering for altered structures 1746:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 5 20 theme various 932:938 arg1 types 940:944 various types 932:944 various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition 932:1025 The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. 25817661 4 21 with polymers 855:862 arg1 structure 875:883 known structure 869:883 known structure 869:883 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. 25817661 9 22 theme special 1676:1682 arg1 sugars 1689:1694 special rare sugars 1676:1694 special rare sugars 1676:1694 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 2 23 theme fast 293:296 arg1 determination 298:310 a fast determination 291:310 a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains 291:368 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 9 24 from well 1699:1702 arg1 screening 1711:1719 the screening 1707:1719 the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1707:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 1 25 theme multifunctional 191:205 arg1 polymers 216:223 multifunctional biogenic polymers 191:223 multifunctional biogenic polymers 191:223 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 1 25 theme multifunctional 191:205 arg1 exopolysaccharides 162:179 Microbial exopolysaccharides 152:179 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) 152:185 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 0 26 theme throughput 5:14 arg1 screening 34:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening 0:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening 0:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 6 27 from present 1080:1086 arg1 polysaccharides 1105:1119 complex plant polysaccharides 1091:1119 complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1091:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 9 28 theme targeted 1626:1633 arg1 screening 1635:1643 the targeted screening 1622:1643 the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1622:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 2 29 theme novel 347:351 arg1 strains 362:368 novel isolated strains 347:368 novel isolated strains 347:368 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 1 30 theme biogenic 207:214 arg1 polymers 216:223 multifunctional biogenic polymers 191:223 multifunctional biogenic polymers 191:223 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 1 30 theme biogenic 207:214 arg1 exopolysaccharides 162:179 Microbial exopolysaccharides 152:179 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) 152:185 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 0 31 theme High 0:3 arg1 screening 34:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening 0:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening 0:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 9 32 theme altered 1770:1776 arg1 structures 1778:1787 altered structures 1770:1787 altered structures 1770:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 3 33 theme electrospray 601:612 arg1 detection 634:642 ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection 584:642 detection 634:642 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 3 34 from violet 590:595 arg1 format 655:660 96-well format 647:660 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate 647:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 6 35 theme lowest 1147:1152 arg1 recovery 1154:1161 the lowest recovery 1143:1161 the lowest recovery 1143:1161 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 4 36 from polysaccharides 783:797 arg1 analysis 758:765 Monosaccharide analysis 743:765 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides 743:797 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. 25817661 2 37 theme composition 332:342 arg1 variants 386:393 modified EPS variants 373:393 modified EPS variants 373:393 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 2 37 theme composition 332:342 arg1 determination 298:310 a fast determination 291:310 a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains 291:368 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 5 38 from alterations 988:998 arg1 composition 1015:1025 the monomer composition 1003:1025 the monomer composition 1003:1025 The method is sensitive enough to distinguish various types of sphingans which solely differ in small alterations in the monomer composition. 25817661 9 39 theme valuable 1547:1554 arg1 tool 1556:1559 a valuable tool 1545:1559 a valuable tool 1545:1559 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 0 40 theme exopolysaccharide 16:32 arg1 screening 34:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening 0:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening 0:42 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 6 41 theme quantitative 1035:1046 arg1 detection 1048:1056 Even a quantitative detection 1028:1056 Even a quantitative detection 1028:1056 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 4 42 theme available 845:853 arg1 polymers 855:862 16 commercially available polymers 829:862 16 commercially available polymers with known structure 829:883 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. 25817661 0 43 from composition 96:106 arg1 day 147:149 one day 143:149 one day 143:149 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 2 44 theme carbohydrate 319:330 arg1 composition 332:342 the carbohydrate composition 315:342 the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains 315:368 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 2 45 dep determination 298:310 arg1 screening 402:410 a fast screening and analytical method 395:432 screening 402:410 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 2 45 dep determination 298:310 arg1 method 427:432 a fast screening and analytical method 395:432 method 427:432 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 7 46 theme bacterial 1215:1223 arg1 strains 1225:1231 94 bacterial strains 1212:1231 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform 1212:1276 Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. 25817661 9 47 from engineering 1754:1764 arg1 libraries 1731:1739 strain libraries 1724:1739 strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1724:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 9 47 from engineering 1754:1764 arg1 screening 1711:1719 the screening 1707:1719 the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1707:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 3 48 theme trap 629:632 arg1 detection 634:642 ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection 584:642 detection 634:642 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 3 49 from detection 634:642 arg1 format 655:660 96-well format 647:660 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate 647:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 6 50 theme karaya 1126:1131 arg1 gum 1133:1135 karaya gum 1126:1135 karaya gum 1126:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 6 51 theme complex 1091:1097 arg1 polysaccharides 1105:1119 complex plant polysaccharides 1091:1119 complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1091:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 7 52 theme screening 1259:1267 arg1 platform 1269:1276 the screening platform 1255:1276 the screening platform 1255:1276 Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. 25817661 0 53 theme strain 59:64 arg1 cultivation 66:76 strain cultivation 59:76 strain cultivation 59:76 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 7 54 theme platform 1269:1276 arg1 validation 1241:1250 the validation 1237:1250 the validation of the screening platform 1237:1276 Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. 25817661 8 55 theme fast 1454:1457 arg1 differentiation 1459:1473 a very fast differentiation 1447:1473 a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species 1447:1519 Using the method a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains was obtained even allowing a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species. 25817661 3 56 theme different 672:680 arg1 sugars 682:687 different sugars 672:687 different sugars 672:687 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 3 56 theme different 672:680 arg1 pyruvate 733:740 pyruvate 733:740 pyruvate 733:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 3 57 theme ionization 614:623 arg1 detection 634:642 ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection 584:642 detection 634:642 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 2 58 theme modified 373:380 arg1 variants 386:393 modified EPS variants 373:393 modified EPS variants 373:393 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 9 59 theme fast 1577:1580 arg1 analysis 1582:1589 the fast analysis 1573:1589 the fast analysis of strain isolates 1573:1608 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 3 60 theme ion 625:627 arg1 detection 634:642 ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection 584:642 detection 634:642 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 3 61 theme carbohydrate 523:534 arg1 analysis 536:543 the fast carbohydrate analysis 514:543 the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate 514:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 4 62 theme Monosaccharide 743:756 arg1 analysis 758:765 Monosaccharide analysis 743:765 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides 743:797 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. 25817661 9 63 contain containing 1665:1674 arg1 polysaccharides 1649:1663 polysaccharides 1649:1663 polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1649:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 9 63 contain containing 1665:1674 arg2 sugars 1689:1694 special rare sugars 1676:1694 special rare sugars 1676:1694 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 4 64 theme known 869:873 arg1 structure 875:883 known structure 869:883 known structure 869:883 Monosaccharide analysis from hydrolyzed polysaccharides was validated successfully by 16 commercially available polymers with known structure. 25817661 9 65 theme isolates 1601:1608 arg1 analysis 1582:1589 the fast analysis 1573:1589 the fast analysis of strain isolates 1573:1608 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 0 66 from fingerprinting 125:138 arg1 day 147:149 one day 143:149 one day 143:149 High throughput exopolysaccharide screening platform: from strain cultivation to monosaccharide composition and carbohydrate fingerprinting in one day. 25817661 6 67 theme plant 1099:1103 arg1 polysaccharides 1105:1119 complex plant polysaccharides 1091:1119 complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum 1091:1135 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 2 68 theme strains 362:368 arg1 composition 332:342 the carbohydrate composition 315:342 the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains 315:368 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 3 69 theme ultra 584:588 arg1 violet 590:595 ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection 584:642 violet 590:595 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 6 70 with detection 1048:1056 arg1 recovery 1154:1161 the lowest recovery 1143:1161 the lowest recovery 1143:1161 Even a quantitative detection of single monomers as present in complex plant polysaccharides like karaya gum, with the lowest recovery, was in accordance with literature. 25817661 3 71 theme sugar 690:694 arg1 pyruvate 733:740 pyruvate 733:740 pyruvate 733:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 3 71 theme sugar 690:694 arg1 derivatives 696:706 sugar derivatives 690:706 sugar derivatives 690:706 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 8 72 theme same 1508:1511 arg1 species 1513:1519 the same species 1504:1519 the same species 1504:1519 Using the method a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains was obtained even allowing a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species. 25817661 1 73 theme Microbial 152:160 arg1 polymers 216:223 multifunctional biogenic polymers 191:223 multifunctional biogenic polymers 191:223 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 1 73 theme Microbial 152:160 arg1 EPS 182:184 EPS 182:184 EPS 182:184 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 1 73 theme Microbial 152:160 arg1 exopolysaccharides 162:179 Microbial exopolysaccharides 152:179 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) 152:185 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 1 74 theme diverse 248:254 arg1 structures 265:274 highly diverse chemical structures 241:274 highly diverse chemical structures 241:274 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 9 75 theme libraries 1731:1739 arg1 screening 1711:1719 the screening 1707:1719 the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures 1707:1787 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 8 76 dep obtained 1424:1431 arg1 Using 1361:1365 Using 1361:1365 Using the method 1361:1376 Using the method a carbohydrate-fingerprint of the strains was obtained even allowing a very fast differentiation between strains belonging to the same species. 25817661 9 77 theme rare 1684:1687 arg1 sugars 1689:1694 special rare sugars 1676:1694 special rare sugars 1676:1694 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 2 78 theme fast 397:400 arg1 screening 402:410 a fast screening and analytical method 395:432 screening 402:410 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 2 79 theme analytical 416:425 arg1 method 427:432 a fast screening and analytical method 395:432 method 427:432 To facilitate a fast determination of the carbohydrate composition of novel isolated strains or modified EPS variants a fast screening and analytical method is required. 25817661 1 80 theme chemical 256:263 arg1 structures 265:274 highly diverse chemical structures 241:274 highly diverse chemical structures 241:274 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are multifunctional biogenic polymers, which exist in highly diverse chemical structures. 25817661 3 81 theme 96-well 647:653 arg1 format 655:660 96-well format 647:660 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate 647:740 The platform as realized and described in this article is based on the fast carbohydrate analysis via liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection in 96-well format to detect different sugars, sugar derivatives and substituents such as pyruvate. 25817661 9 82 theme strain 1594:1599 arg1 isolates 1601:1608 strain isolates 1594:1608 strain isolates 1594:1608 This method can become a valuable tool not only in the fast analysis of strain isolates but also in the targeted screening for polysaccharides containing special rare sugars as well in the screening of strain libraries from genetic engineering for altered structures. 25817661 7 83 theme EPS 1310:1312 arg1 strains 1324:1330 41 EPS producing strains 1307:1330 41 EPS producing strains 1307:1330 Furthermore, 94 bacterial strains for the validation of the screening platform were completely analyzed and 41 EPS producing strains were efficiently identified. 25093173 4 0 theme 31.78 828:832 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 2 1 theme NaOH 505:508 arg1 factor 529:534 a key factor 523:534 a key factor 523:534 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 1 theme NaOH 505:508 arg1 ratio 496:500 ratio 496:500 ratio of NaOH to solid 496:517 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 4 2 theme 31.89 835:839 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 2 3 theme optimal 305:311 arg1 ratio 422:426 ratio 422:426 ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold 422:455 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 3 theme optimal 305:311 arg1 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 3 theme optimal 305:311 arg1 °C 418:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 3 theme optimal 305:311 arg1 concentration 374:386 the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h 354:484 concentration 374:386 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 3 theme optimal 305:311 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 5 4 theme hydroxyl 965:972 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 4 theme hydroxyl 965:972 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 4 theme hydroxyl 965:972 arg1 radicals 974:981 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 1 5 theme antioxidant 178:188 arg1 activity 190:197 antioxidant activity 178:197 antioxidant activity 178:197 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 4 6 with arabinose 790:798 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 3 7 theme extraction 601:610 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 6 8 dep Escherichia 1377:1387 arg1 coli 1389:1392 coli 1389:1392 coli 1389:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 1 9 theme antimicrobial 204:216 arg1 activity 218:225 antimicrobial activity 204:225 antimicrobial activity 204:225 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 10 from activity 218:225 arg1 rhizome 268:274 rhizome 268:274 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 268:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 3 11 theme extraction 662:671 arg1 time 673:676 extraction time 662:676 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D) 583:683 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 4 12 theme monosaccharide 690:703 arg1 rhamnose 759:766 rhamnose 759:766 rhamnose 759:766 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 4 12 theme monosaccharide 690:703 arg1 compositions 705:716 The monosaccharide compositions 686:716 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum 686:752 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 5 13 theme polyunsaturated 1027:1041 arg1 PUFA 1055:1058 PUFA 1055:1058 PUFA 1055:1058 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 13 theme polyunsaturated 1027:1041 arg1 acid 1049:1052 polyunsaturated fatty acid 1027:1052 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1027:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 3 14 theme NaOH 634:637 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 6 15 theme pathogenic 1287:1296 arg1 bacteria 1298:1305 pathogenic bacteria 1287:1305 pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli 1287:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 1 16 from activity 190:197 arg1 rhizome 268:274 rhizome 268:274 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 268:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 6 17 theme Escherichia 1377:1387 arg1 bacteria 1298:1305 pathogenic bacteria 1287:1305 pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli 1287:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 5 18 theme acid 1049:1052 arg1 peroxidation 1061:1072 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation 1027:1072 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1027:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 19 theme reducing 877:884 arg1 power 886:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 19 theme reducing 877:884 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 19 theme reducing 877:884 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 6 20 theme antimicrobial 1256:1268 arg1 activity 1270:1277 antimicrobial activity 1256:1277 antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli 1256:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 1 21 theme optimal 147:153 arg1 parameters 166:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 power 886:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 rate 1019:1022 the inhibition rate 1004:1022 the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL 1004:1140 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 % 1179:1179 19.42% 1174:1179 19.42% 1174:1179 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 % 1159:1159 52.84% 1154:1159 52.84% 1154:1159 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 radicals 974:981 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 % 1167:1167 19.22% 1162:1167 19.22% 1162:1167 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 rate 955:958 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 rate 955:958 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 22 theme acid 1193:1196 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 0 23 theme odoratum 101:108 arg1 rhizome 78:84 rhizome 78:84 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 78:108 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 6 24 dep Pseudomonas 1330:1340 arg1 aeruginosa 1342:1351 aeruginosa 1342:1351 aeruginosa 1342:1351 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 2 25 theme temperature 399:409 arg1 °C 418:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 25 theme temperature 399:409 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 1 26 theme odoratum 291:298 arg1 rhizome 268:274 rhizome 268:274 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 268:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 5 27 from odoratum 1122:1129 arg1 polysaccharides 1098:1112 the alkaline soluble polysaccharides 1077:1112 the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1077:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 27 from odoratum 1122:1129 arg1 peroxidation 1061:1072 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation 1027:1072 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1027:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 4 28 theme molecular 809:817 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 5 29 theme scavenging 944:953 arg1 rate 955:958 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 rate 955:958 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 29 theme scavenging 944:953 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 29 theme scavenging 944:953 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 30 theme soluble 1090:1096 arg1 polysaccharides 1098:1112 the alkaline soluble polysaccharides 1077:1112 the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1077:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 31 theme DPPH 930:933 arg1 rate 955:958 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 rate 955:958 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 31 theme DPPH 930:933 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 31 theme DPPH 930:933 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 6 32 theme Pseudomonas 1330:1340 arg1 bacteria 1298:1305 pathogenic bacteria 1287:1305 pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli 1287:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 0 33 theme alkaline 16:23 arg1 extraction 25:34 alkaline extraction 16:34 alkaline extraction 16:34 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 5 34 theme radical 936:942 arg1 rate 955:958 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 rate 955:958 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 34 theme radical 936:942 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 34 theme radical 936:942 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 1 35 theme present 115:121 arg1 study 123:127 The present study 111:127 The present study 111:127 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 2 36 theme B 412:412 arg1 °C 418:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 36 theme B 412:412 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 4 37 with xylose 778:783 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 2 38 theme NaOH 369:372 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 38 theme NaOH 369:372 arg1 concentration 374:386 the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h 354:484 concentration 374:386 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 4 39 with mannose 769:775 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 2 40 theme following 358:366 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 40 theme following 358:366 arg1 concentration 374:386 the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h 354:484 concentration 374:386 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 1 41 theme alkaline 230:237 arg1 polysaccharides 247:261 alkaline soluble polysaccharides 230:261 alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 230:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 4 42 with rhamnose 759:766 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 4 43 theme 1.00 853:856 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 3 44 theme factors 554:560 arg1 order 541:545 The order 537:545 The order of the factors 537:560 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 44 theme factors 554:560 arg1 ratio 566:570 ratio 566:570 ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D) 566:683 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 1 45 theme polysaccharides 247:261 arg1 activity 190:197 antioxidant activity 178:197 antioxidant activity 178:197 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 45 theme polysaccharides 247:261 arg1 activity 218:225 antimicrobial activity 204:225 antimicrobial activity 204:225 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 45 theme polysaccharides 247:261 arg1 parameters 166:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 3 46 theme solid 583:587 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 47 theme NaOH 575:578 arg1 order 541:545 The order 537:545 The order of the factors 537:560 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 47 theme NaOH 575:578 arg1 ratio 566:570 ratio 566:570 ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D) 566:683 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 2 48 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 ratio 422:426 ratio 422:426 ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold 422:455 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 48 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 48 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 °C 418:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 48 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 concentration 374:386 the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h 354:484 concentration 374:386 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 48 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 4 49 from odoratum 745:752 arg1 rhamnose 759:766 rhamnose 759:766 rhamnose 759:766 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 4 49 from odoratum 745:752 arg1 compositions 705:716 The monosaccharide compositions 686:716 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum 686:752 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 2 50 theme NaOH 431:434 arg1 ratio 422:426 ratio 422:426 ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold 422:455 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 50 theme NaOH 431:434 arg1 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 50 theme NaOH 431:434 arg1 °C 418:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 50 theme NaOH 431:434 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 50 theme NaOH 431:434 arg1 concentration 374:386 the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h 354:484 concentration 374:386 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 51 theme key 525:527 arg1 ratio 496:500 ratio 496:500 ratio of NaOH to solid 496:517 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 51 theme key 525:527 arg1 factor 529:534 a key factor 523:534 a key factor 523:534 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 3 52 theme temperature 612:622 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 53 theme > 599:599 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 1 54 from rhizome 268:274 arg1 activity 190:197 antioxidant activity 178:197 antioxidant activity 178:197 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 54 from rhizome 268:274 arg1 polysaccharides 247:261 alkaline soluble polysaccharides 230:261 alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 230:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 54 from rhizome 268:274 arg1 activity 218:225 antimicrobial activity 204:225 antimicrobial activity 204:225 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 54 from rhizome 268:274 arg1 parameters 166:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 4 55 theme polysaccharides 721:735 arg1 rhamnose 759:766 rhamnose 759:766 rhamnose 759:766 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 4 55 theme polysaccharides 721:735 arg1 compositions 705:716 The monosaccharide compositions 686:716 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum 686:752 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 5 56 dep radicals 974:981 arg1 rate 994:997 scavenging rate 983:997 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 57 from peroxidation 1061:1072 arg1 odoratum 1122:1129 P. odoratum 1119:1129 P. odoratum 1119:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 6 58 theme Staphylococcus 1307:1320 arg1 bacteria 1298:1305 pathogenic bacteria 1287:1305 pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli 1287:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 3 59 theme °C 625:626 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 60 dep > 660:660 arg1 A 657:657 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 A 657:657 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 60 dep > 660:660 arg1 time 673:676 extraction time 662:676 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D) 583:683 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 60 dep > 660:660 arg1 B 629:629 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 B 629:629 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 power 886:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 rate 1019:1022 the inhibition rate 1004:1022 the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL 1004:1140 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 % 1179:1179 19.42% 1174:1179 19.42% 1174:1179 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 % 1159:1159 52.84% 1154:1159 52.84% 1154:1159 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 radicals 974:981 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 % 1167:1167 19.22% 1162:1167 19.22% 1162:1167 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 rate 955:958 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 rate 955:958 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 61 from concentration 1210:1222 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 62 dep rate 955:958 arg1 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil 900:927 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil 900:927 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 63 theme fatty 1043:1047 arg1 PUFA 1055:1058 PUFA 1055:1058 PUFA 1055:1058 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 63 theme fatty 1043:1047 arg1 acid 1049:1052 polyunsaturated fatty acid 1027:1052 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1027:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 3 64 theme concentration 639:651 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 0 65 from extraction 25:34 arg1 rhizome 78:84 rhizome 78:84 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 78:108 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 3 66 theme > 632:632 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 0 67 theme Polygonatum 89:99 arg1 odoratum 101:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 68 theme extraction 155:164 arg1 parameters 166:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 the optimal extraction parameters 143:175 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 5 69 theme ascorbic 1184:1191 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 70 theme inhibition 1008:1017 arg1 rate 1019:1022 the inhibition rate 1004:1022 the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL 1004:1140 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 70 theme inhibition 1008:1017 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 70 theme inhibition 1008:1017 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 1 71 from parameters 166:175 arg1 rhizome 268:274 rhizome 268:274 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 268:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 6 72 dep Staphylococcus 1307:1320 arg1 aureus 1322:1327 aureus 1322:1327 aureus 1322:1327 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 2 73 theme time 473:476 arg1 h 484:484 time (D) 4 h 473:484 time (D) 4 h 473:484 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 74 dep concentration 374:386 arg1 h 484:484 time (D) 4 h 473:484 time (D) 4 h 473:484 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 74 dep concentration 374:386 arg1 A 389:389 A 389:389 A 389:389 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 74 dep concentration 374:386 arg1 M 396:396 0.3 M 392:396 0.3 M 392:396 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 3 75 theme M 654:654 arg1 > 660:660 solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > 583:660 > 660:660 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 76 dep time 673:676 arg1 h 679:679 h 679:679 h 679:679 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 76 dep time 673:676 arg1 D 682:682 D 682:682 D 682:682 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 0 77 from bioactivities 40:52 arg1 rhizome 78:84 rhizome 78:84 rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 78:108 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 1 78 theme soluble 239:245 arg1 polysaccharides 247:261 alkaline soluble polysaccharides 230:261 alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 230:298 The present study is to explore the optimal extraction parameters, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity of alkaline soluble polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 5 79 theme alkaline 1081:1088 arg1 polysaccharides 1098:1112 the alkaline soluble polysaccharides 1077:1112 the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1077:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 0 80 theme extraction 25:34 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 0:109 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 6 81 theme Bacillus 1354:1361 arg1 bacteria 1298:1305 pathogenic bacteria 1287:1305 pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli 1287:1392 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 6 82 dep Bacillus 1354:1361 arg1 subtilis 1363:1370 subtilis 1363:1370 subtilis 1363:1370 They also showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli. 25093173 5 83 from mg/mL 1136:1140 arg1 power 886:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power 873:890 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 83 from mg/mL 1136:1140 arg1 rate 1019:1022 the inhibition rate 1004:1022 the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL 1004:1140 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 83 from mg/mL 1136:1140 arg1 radicals 974:981 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 83 from mg/mL 1136:1140 arg1 rate 955:958 the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate 893:958 rate 955:958 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 83 from mg/mL 1136:1140 arg1 acid 1193:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 ascorbic acid 1184:1196 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 83 from mg/mL 1136:1140 arg1 % 1151:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 9.81% 1147:1151 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 0 84 theme bioactivities 40:52 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 0:109 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 3 85 dep solid 583:587 arg1 fold 590:593 fold 590:593 fold 590:593 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 3 85 dep solid 583:587 arg1 C 596:596 C 596:596 C 596:596 The order of the factors was ratio of NaOH to solid (fold, C) > extraction temperature (°C, B) > NaOH concentration (M, A) > extraction time (h, D). 25093173 0 86 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 bioactivities 40:52 bioactivities 40:52 bioactivities 40:52 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 0 86 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 extraction 25:34 alkaline extraction 16:34 alkaline extraction 16:34 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 2 87 theme D 479:479 arg1 h 484:484 time (D) 4 h 473:484 time (D) 4 h 473:484 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 88 from factor 529:534 arg1 ratio 422:426 ratio 422:426 ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold 422:455 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 88 from factor 529:534 arg1 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 extraction 462:471 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 88 from factor 529:534 arg1 °C 418:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 temperature (B) 80 °C 399:419 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 88 from factor 529:534 arg1 parameters 324:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters 301:333 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 2 88 from factor 529:534 arg1 concentration 374:386 the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h 354:484 concentration 374:386 The optimal extraction parameters were determined as the following: NaOH concentration (A) 0.3 M, temperature (B) 80 °C, ratio of NaOH to solid (C) 10-fold, and extraction time (D) 4 h, in which ratio of NaOH to solid was a key factor. 25093173 5 89 theme same 1205:1208 arg1 concentration 1210:1222 the same concentration 1201:1222 the same concentration 1201:1222 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 0 90 from rhizome 78:84 arg1 bioactivities 40:52 bioactivities 40:52 bioactivities 40:52 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 0 90 from rhizome 78:84 arg1 extraction 25:34 alkaline extraction 16:34 alkaline extraction 16:34 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 0 90 from rhizome 78:84 arg1 polysaccharides 57:71 polysaccharides 57:71 polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum 57:108 Optimization of alkaline extraction and bioactivities of polysaccharides from rhizome of Polygonatum odoratum. 25093173 4 91 theme 11.11 842:846 arg1 ratio 819:823 the molecular ratio 805:823 the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00 805:856 The monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharides from P. odoratum were rhamnose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose with the molecular ratio of 31.78, 31.89, 11.11, and 1.00, respectively. 25093173 5 92 theme polysaccharides 1098:1112 arg1 peroxidation 1061:1072 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation 1027:1072 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1027:1129 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 25093173 5 93 theme scavenging 983:992 arg1 rate 994:997 scavenging rate 983:997 the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate 961:997 The reducing power, the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging rate, the hydroxyl radicals scavenging rate, and the inhibition rate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation of the alkaline soluble polysaccharides from P. odoratum at 1 mg/mL were 9.81%, 52.84%, 19.22%, and 19.42% of ascorbic acid at the same concentration, respectively. 26627604 1 0 from officinalis 227:237 arg1 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 0 from officinalis 227:237 arg1 polysaccharides 199:213 polysaccharides 199:213 polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis 199:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 0 from officinalis 227:237 arg1 extraction 178:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 145:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis 145:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 1 theme polysaccharides 199:213 arg1 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 1 theme polysaccharides 199:213 arg1 extraction 178:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 145:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis 145:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 5 2 theme Sephadex 752:759 arg1 chromatography 767:780 Sephadex G-100 chromatography 752:780 Sephadex G-100 chromatography 752:780 The crude COP was purified by DEAE-Cellulose 52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. 26627604 3 3 theme material 528:535 arg1 ratio 537:541 water-to-raw material ratio 515:541 water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273 515:553 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 0 4 theme polysaccharides 128:142 arg1 characterization 108:123 characterization 108:123 characterization 108:123 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 0 4 theme polysaccharides 128:142 arg1 officinalis 92:102 Cornus officinalis 85:102 Cornus officinalis 85:102 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 8 5 theme structural 1010:1019 arg1 characterizations 1021:1037 Preliminary structural characterizations 998:1037 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP 998:1044 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26627604 4 6 theme optimal 605:611 arg1 conditions 613:622 the modified optimal conditions 592:622 the modified optimal conditions 592:622 The COP yield was 11.38±0.31% using the modified optimal conditions, which was consistent with the value predicted by the model. 26627604 3 7 theme RSM 395:397 arg1 results 399:405 RSM results 395:405 RSM results 395:405 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 7 8 theme Monosaccharide 865:878 arg1 analysis 892:899 Monosaccharide composition analysis 865:899 Monosaccharide composition analysis 865:899 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the COP was composed of glucose, arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose. 26627604 8 9 theme Preliminary 998:1008 arg1 characterizations 1021:1037 Preliminary structural characterizations 998:1037 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP 998:1044 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26627604 3 10 theme water-to-raw 515:526 arg1 ratio 537:541 water-to-raw material ratio 515:541 water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273 515:553 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 11 theme W 508:508 arg1 power 490:494 microwave power 480:494 microwave power of 99.39769 W 480:508 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 11 theme W 508:508 arg1 time 458:461 extraction time 447:461 extraction time of 31.49823 min 447:477 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 11 theme W 508:508 arg1 ratio 537:541 water-to-raw material ratio 515:541 water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273 515:553 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 11 theme W 508:508 arg1 conditions 431:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 6 12 theme crude 807:811 arg1 COP 813:815 crude COP 807:815 crude COP 807:815 Five fractions, namely, crude COP, COP-1, COP-2, COP-3, and COP-4, were obtained. 26627604 6 12 theme crude 807:811 arg1 fractions 788:796 Five fractions 783:796 Five fractions 783:796 Five fractions, namely, crude COP, COP-1, COP-2, COP-3, and COP-4, were obtained. 26627604 2 13 theme factors 321:327 arg1 effect 296:301 The effect 292:301 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) 292:380 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 1 14 theme Cornus 220:225 arg1 officinalis 227:237 Cornus officinalis 220:237 Cornus officinalis 220:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 4 15 theme modified 596:603 arg1 conditions 613:622 the modified optimal conditions 592:622 the modified optimal conditions 592:622 The COP yield was 11.38±0.31% using the modified optimal conditions, which was consistent with the value predicted by the model. 26627604 2 16 theme different 311:319 arg1 factors 321:327 four different factors 306:327 four different factors 306:327 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 3 17 theme min 475:477 arg1 power 490:494 microwave power 480:494 microwave power of 99.39769 W 480:508 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 17 theme min 475:477 arg1 time 458:461 extraction time 447:461 extraction time of 31.49823 min 447:477 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 17 theme min 475:477 arg1 ratio 537:541 water-to-raw material ratio 515:541 water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273 515:553 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 17 theme min 475:477 arg1 conditions 431:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 8 18 dep transform 1105:1113 arg1 infrared 1115:1122 infrared 1115:1122 transform infrared spectroscopy 1105:1135 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26627604 0 19 from extraction 50:59 arg1 characterization 108:123 characterization 108:123 characterization 108:123 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 0 19 from extraction 50:59 arg1 officinalis 92:102 Cornus officinalis 85:102 Cornus officinalis 85:102 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 2 20 theme officinalis 348:358 arg1 COP 377:379 COP 377:379 COP 377:379 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 2 20 theme officinalis 348:358 arg1 polysaccharides 360:374 C. officinalis polysaccharides 345:374 C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) 345:380 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 8 21 dep Fourier 1097:1103 arg1 transform 1105:1113 transform 1105:1113 transform infrared spectroscopy 1105:1135 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26627604 8 22 theme COP 1042:1044 arg1 characterizations 1021:1037 Preliminary structural characterizations 998:1037 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP 998:1044 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26627604 2 23 theme C. 345:346 arg1 COP 377:379 COP 377:379 COP 377:379 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 2 23 theme C. 345:346 arg1 polysaccharides 360:374 C. officinalis polysaccharides 345:374 C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) 345:380 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 2 24 from effect 296:301 arg1 yield 336:340 the yield 332:340 the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) 332:380 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 0 25 theme synergistic 38:48 arg1 extraction 50:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 17:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 17:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 1 26 from extraction 178:187 arg1 officinalis 227:237 Cornus officinalis 220:237 Cornus officinalis 220:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 0 27 theme ultrasonic-microwave 17:36 arg1 extraction 50:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 17:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 17:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 3 28 theme 28.16273 546:553 arg1 power 490:494 microwave power 480:494 microwave power of 99.39769 W 480:508 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 28 theme 28.16273 546:553 arg1 time 458:461 extraction time 447:461 extraction time of 31.49823 min 447:477 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 28 theme 28.16273 546:553 arg1 ratio 537:541 water-to-raw material ratio 515:541 water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273 515:553 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 28 theme 28.16273 546:553 arg1 conditions 431:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 0 29 from characterization 108:123 arg1 polysaccharides 64:78 polysaccharides 64:78 polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 64:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 0 29 from characterization 108:123 arg1 extraction 50:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 17:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 17:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 1 30 theme Ultrasonic-microwave 145:164 arg1 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 30 theme Ultrasonic-microwave 145:164 arg1 extraction 178:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 145:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis 145:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 31 theme response 256:263 arg1 RSM 286:288 RSM 286:288 RSM 286:288 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 31 theme response 256:263 arg1 methodology 273:283 response surface methodology 256:283 response surface methodology (RSM) 256:289 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 8 32 theme electron 1073:1080 arg1 microscopy 1082:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 26627604 1 33 theme surface 265:271 arg1 RSM 286:288 RSM 286:288 RSM 286:288 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 33 theme surface 265:271 arg1 methodology 273:283 response surface methodology 256:283 response surface methodology (RSM) 256:289 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 3 34 theme extraction 447:456 arg1 conditions 431:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 34 theme extraction 447:456 arg1 time 458:461 extraction time 447:461 extraction time of 31.49823 min 447:477 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 5 35 theme DEAE-Cellulose 715:728 arg1 chromatography 733:746 DEAE-Cellulose 52 chromatography 715:746 DEAE-Cellulose 52 chromatography 715:746 The crude COP was purified by DEAE-Cellulose 52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. 26627604 0 36 from officinalis 92:102 arg1 polysaccharides 64:78 polysaccharides 64:78 polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 64:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 0 36 from officinalis 92:102 arg1 extraction 50:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 17:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 17:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 3 37 theme microwave 480:488 arg1 power 490:494 microwave power 480:494 microwave power of 99.39769 W 480:508 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 38 theme optimal 423:429 arg1 conditions 431:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 the optimal conditions 419:440 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 3 38 theme optimal 423:429 arg1 time 458:461 extraction time 447:461 extraction time of 31.49823 min 447:477 RSM results showed that the optimal conditions were extraction time of 31.49823 min, microwave power of 99.39769 W, and water-to-raw material ratio of 28.16273. 26627604 1 39 theme synergistic 166:176 arg1 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 UMSE 190:193 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 1 39 theme synergistic 166:176 arg1 extraction 178:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 145:187 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis 145:237 Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 26627604 0 40 theme polysaccharides 64:78 arg1 extraction 50:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction 17:59 ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides 17:142 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 4 41 theme COP 560:562 arg1 yield 564:568 The COP yield 556:568 The COP yield 556:568 The COP yield was 11.38±0.31% using the modified optimal conditions, which was consistent with the value predicted by the model. 26627604 4 41 theme COP 560:562 arg1 % 584:584 11.38±0.31% 574:584 11.38±0.31% 574:584 The COP yield was 11.38±0.31% using the modified optimal conditions, which was consistent with the value predicted by the model. 26627604 5 42 theme crude 689:693 arg1 COP 695:697 The crude COP 685:697 The crude COP 685:697 The crude COP was purified by DEAE-Cellulose 52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. 26627604 2 43 theme polysaccharides 360:374 arg1 yield 336:340 the yield 332:340 the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) 332:380 The effect of four different factors on the yield of C. officinalis polysaccharides (COP) was studied. 26627604 7 44 theme composition 880:890 arg1 analysis 892:899 Monosaccharide composition analysis 865:899 Monosaccharide composition analysis 865:899 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the COP was composed of glucose, arabinose, fucose, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose. 26627604 5 45 theme G-100 761:765 arg1 chromatography 767:780 Sephadex G-100 chromatography 752:780 Sephadex G-100 chromatography 752:780 The crude COP was purified by DEAE-Cellulose 52 chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. 26627604 4 46 with consistent 635:644 arg1 value 655:659 the value 651:659 the value predicted by the model 651:682 The COP yield was 11.38±0.31% using the modified optimal conditions, which was consistent with the value predicted by the model. 26627604 0 47 theme Cornus 85:90 arg1 officinalis 92:102 Cornus officinalis 85:102 Cornus officinalis 85:102 Optimization for ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of polysaccharides from Cornus officinalis and characterization of polysaccharides. 26627604 8 48 theme scanning 1064:1071 arg1 microscopy 1082:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 scanning electron microscopy 1064:1091 Preliminary structural characterizations of COP were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. 27842809 5 0 theme branched 732:739 arg1 rhamnogalacturonans 741:759 highly branched rhamnogalacturonans 725:759 highly branched rhamnogalacturonans 725:759 Sequential extractions revealed that pear pectins had highly branched rhamnogalacturonans and were extremely methylated. 27842809 2 1 with extractions 342:352 arg1 solutions 367:375 aqueous solutions 359:375 aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH 359:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 1 2 from cells 157:161 arg1 walls 115:119 Cell walls 110:119 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin 110:170 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 1 3 theme L. 224:225 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 0 4 theme ripe 80:83 arg1 fruit 103:107 ripe and overripe pear fruit 80:107 ripe and overripe pear fruit 80:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 10 5 from Changes 1118:1124 arg1 hemicellulose 1129:1141 hemicellulose 1129:1141 hemicellulose 1129:1141 Changes in hemicellulose and cellulose were minor. 27842809 10 5 from Changes 1118:1124 arg1 cellulose 1147:1155 cellulose 1147:1155 cellulose 1147:1155 Changes in hemicellulose and cellulose were minor. 27842809 1 6 from cells 144:148 arg1 walls 115:119 Cell walls 110:119 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin 110:170 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 2 7 theme cell 317:320 arg1 walls 322:326 cell walls 317:326 cell walls 317:326 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 1 8 theme cv 227:228 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 0 9 theme pear 98:101 arg1 fruit 103:107 ripe and overripe pear fruit 80:107 ripe and overripe pear fruit 80:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 0 10 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 polysaccharides 61:75 cell wall polysaccharides 51:75 cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 51:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 9 11 from loss 1061:1064 arg1 arabinose 1045:1053 arabinose 1045:1053 arabinose 1045:1053 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 9 11 from loss 1061:1064 arg1 cells 1111:1115 parenchyma cells 1100:1115 parenchyma cells 1100:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 8 12 theme cell 966:969 arg1 evolutions 976:985 cell wall evolutions 966:985 cell wall evolutions 966:985 This heterogeneous composition of pear affected differently cell wall evolutions and properties. 27842809 0 13 theme overripe 89:96 arg1 fruit 103:107 ripe and overripe pear fruit 80:107 ripe and overripe pear fruit 80:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 4 14 theme uronic 643:648 arg1 acids 650:654 uronic acids 643:654 uronic acids 643:654 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 3 15 theme MIR 518:520 arg1 data 531:534 MIR spectral data 518:534 MIR spectral data 518:534 Cell walls were also differentiated using MIR spectral data. 27842809 9 16 theme pectic 1069:1074 arg1 chains 1081:1086 pectic side chains 1069:1086 pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells 1069:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 1 17 theme De 231:232 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 4 18 theme acids 650:654 arg1 levels 624:629 high levels 619:629 high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose 619:668 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 4 19 theme high 559:562 arg1 levels 564:569 high levels 559:569 high levels of xylose and lignin 559:590 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 7 20 theme cell 894:897 arg1 walls 899:903 all cell walls 890:903 all cell walls 890:903 Cellulose represented about half of all cell walls. 27842809 1 21 theme stone 151:155 arg1 cells 157:161 stone cells 151:161 stone cells 151:161 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 0 22 theme fruit 103:107 arg1 polysaccharides 61:75 cell wall polysaccharides 51:75 cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 51:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 9 23 theme chains 1081:1086 arg1 loss 1061:1064 a loss 1059:1064 a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells 1059:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 9 23 theme chains 1081:1086 arg1 decrease 1033:1040 a decrease 1031:1040 a decrease in arabinose 1031:1053 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 2 24 theme aqueous 359:365 arg1 solutions 367:375 aqueous solutions 359:375 aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH 359:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 2 25 theme increasing 410:419 arg1 concentration 421:433 increasing concentration 410:433 increasing concentration of NaOH 410:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 0 26 from differences 36:46 arg1 polysaccharides 61:75 cell wall polysaccharides 51:75 cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 51:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 1 27 from flesh 126:130 arg1 walls 115:119 Cell walls 110:119 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin 110:170 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 2 28 theme Pear 274:277 arg1 polysaccharides 279:293 Pear polysaccharides 274:293 Pear polysaccharides 274:293 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 4 29 theme glucose 634:640 arg1 levels 624:629 high levels 619:629 high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose 619:668 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 1 30 theme Cloche 234:239 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 6 31 theme main 808:811 arg1 Xylans 792:797 Xylans 792:797 Xylans 792:797 Xylans were the main hemicelluloseespecially for stone cells. 27842809 6 31 theme main 808:811 arg1 hemicelluloseespecially 813:835 the main hemicelluloseespecially 804:835 the main hemicelluloseespecially for stone cells 804:851 Xylans were the main hemicelluloseespecially for stone cells. 27842809 6 32 theme stone 841:845 arg1 cells 847:851 stone cells 841:851 stone cells 841:851 Xylans were the main hemicelluloseespecially for stone cells. 27842809 0 33 theme specific 27:34 arg1 differences 36:46 tissue specific differences 20:46 tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 20:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 3 34 theme spectral 522:529 arg1 data 531:534 MIR spectral data 518:534 MIR spectral data 518:534 Cell walls were also differentiated using MIR spectral data. 27842809 9 35 theme parenchyma 1100:1109 arg1 cells 1111:1115 parenchyma cells 1100:1115 parenchyma cells 1100:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 4 36 theme parenchyma 598:607 arg1 cells 609:613 parenchyma cells 598:613 parenchyma cells 598:613 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 0 37 theme tissue 20:25 arg1 differences 36:46 tissue specific differences 20:46 tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 20:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 4 38 theme Stone 537:541 arg1 cells 543:547 Stone cells 537:547 Stone cells 537:547 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 3 39 theme Cell 476:479 arg1 walls 481:485 Cell walls 476:485 Cell walls 476:485 Cell walls were also differentiated using MIR spectral data. 27842809 2 40 theme oxalate 389:395 arg1 solutions 367:375 aqueous solutions 359:375 aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH 359:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 9 41 theme side 1076:1079 arg1 chains 1081:1086 pectic side chains 1069:1086 pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells 1069:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 5 42 theme Sequential 671:680 arg1 extractions 682:692 Sequential extractions 671:692 Sequential extractions 671:692 Sequential extractions revealed that pear pectins had highly branched rhamnogalacturonans and were extremely methylated. 27842809 4 43 contain had 615:617 arg1 cells 609:613 parenchyma cells 598:613 parenchyma cells 598:613 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 4 43 contain had 615:617 arg2 levels 624:629 high levels 619:629 high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose 619:668 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 9 44 from cells 1111:1115 arg1 chains 1081:1086 pectic side chains 1069:1086 pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells 1069:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 9 44 from cells 1111:1115 arg1 loss 1061:1064 a loss 1059:1064 a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells 1059:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 9 44 from cells 1111:1115 arg1 decrease 1033:1040 a decrease 1031:1040 a decrease in arabinose 1031:1053 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 7 45 theme walls 899:903 arg1 half 882:885 half 882:885 half of all cell walls 882:903 Cellulose represented about half of all cell walls. 27842809 2 46 theme ammonium 380:387 arg1 oxalate 389:395 ammonium oxalate 380:395 ammonium oxalate 380:395 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 0 47 theme differences 36:46 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 0:108 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 1 48 theme phenol-buffer 252:264 arg1 method 266:271 the phenol-buffer method 248:271 the phenol-buffer method 248:271 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 2 49 theme NaOH 438:441 arg1 Na2CO3 398:403 Na2CO3 398:403 Na2CO3 398:403 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 2 49 theme NaOH 438:441 arg1 oxalate 389:395 ammonium oxalate 380:395 ammonium oxalate 380:395 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 2 49 theme NaOH 438:441 arg1 concentration 421:433 increasing concentration 410:433 increasing concentration of NaOH 410:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 4 50 theme lignin 585:590 arg1 levels 564:569 high levels 559:569 high levels of xylose and lignin 559:590 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 0 51 theme wall 56:59 arg1 polysaccharides 61:75 cell wall polysaccharides 51:75 cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 51:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 0 52 from polysaccharides 61:75 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 0:108 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 8 53 theme heterogeneous 911:923 arg1 composition 925:935 This heterogeneous composition 906:935 This heterogeneous composition of pear 906:943 This heterogeneous composition of pear affected differently cell wall evolutions and properties. 27842809 1 54 theme Cell 110:113 arg1 walls 115:119 Cell walls 110:119 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin 110:170 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 0 55 theme cell 51:54 arg1 polysaccharides 61:75 cell wall polysaccharides 51:75 cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit 51:107 Characterization of tissue specific differences in cell wall polysaccharides of ripe and overripe pear fruit. 27842809 1 56 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 overripe 200:207 overripe 200:207 overripe 200:207 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 1 56 attach isolated 177:184 arg2 walls 115:119 Cell walls 110:119 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin 110:170 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 1 56 attach isolated 177:184 arg1 ripe 191:194 ripe 191:194 ripe 191:194 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 4 57 contain contained 549:557 arg1 cells 543:547 Stone cells 537:547 Stone cells 537:547 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 4 57 contain contained 549:557 arg2 levels 564:569 high levels 559:569 high levels of xylose and lignin 559:590 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 8 58 theme pear 940:943 arg1 composition 925:935 This heterogeneous composition 906:935 This heterogeneous composition of pear 906:943 This heterogeneous composition of pear affected differently cell wall evolutions and properties. 27842809 4 59 theme arabinose 660:668 arg1 levels 624:629 high levels 619:629 high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose 619:668 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 8 60 theme wall 971:974 arg1 evolutions 976:985 cell wall evolutions 966:985 cell wall evolutions 966:985 This heterogeneous composition of pear affected differently cell wall evolutions and properties. 27842809 4 61 theme xylose 574:579 arg1 levels 564:569 high levels 559:569 high levels of xylose and lignin 559:590 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 1 62 dep ripe 191:194 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 9 63 from decrease 1033:1040 arg1 arabinose 1045:1053 arabinose 1045:1053 arabinose 1045:1053 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 9 63 from decrease 1033:1040 arg1 cells 1111:1115 parenchyma cells 1100:1115 parenchyma cells 1100:1115 Thus, overripening involved a decrease in arabinose and a loss of pectic side chains mostly from parenchyma cells. 27842809 2 64 theme concentration 421:433 arg1 solutions 367:375 aqueous solutions 359:375 aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH 359:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 5 65 theme pear 708:711 arg1 pectins 713:719 pear pectins 708:719 pear pectins 708:719 Sequential extractions revealed that pear pectins had highly branched rhamnogalacturonans and were extremely methylated. 27842809 1 66 from skin 167:170 arg1 walls 115:119 Cell walls 110:119 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin 110:170 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 2 67 theme sequential 331:340 arg1 extractions 342:352 sequential extractions 331:352 sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH 331:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 4 68 theme high 619:622 arg1 levels 624:629 high levels 619:629 high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose 619:668 Stone cells contained high levels of xylose and lignin while parenchyma cells had high levels of glucose, uronic acids and arabinose. 27842809 1 69 theme Pyrus 209:213 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 2 70 theme overripening 455:466 arg1 impact 468:473 overripening impact 455:473 overripening impact 455:473 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 2 71 theme Na2CO3 398:403 arg1 solutions 367:375 aqueous solutions 359:375 aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH 359:441 Pear polysaccharides were solubilized from cell walls by sequential extractions with aqueous solutions of ammonium oxalate, Na2CO3, and increasing concentration of NaOH, to explore overripening impact. 27842809 5 72 contain had 721:723 arg2 rhamnogalacturonans 741:759 highly branched rhamnogalacturonans 725:759 highly branched rhamnogalacturonans 725:759 Sequential extractions revealed that pear pectins had highly branched rhamnogalacturonans and were extremely methylated. 27842809 5 72 contain had 721:723 arg1 pectins 713:719 pear pectins 708:719 pear pectins 708:719 Sequential extractions revealed that pear pectins had highly branched rhamnogalacturonans and were extremely methylated. 27842809 1 73 theme parenchyma 133:142 arg1 cells 144:148 parenchyma cells 133:148 parenchyma cells 133:148 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 27842809 1 74 theme communis 215:222 arg1 " 240:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" 209:240 Cell walls from flesh, parenchyma cells, stone cells and skin were isolated from ripe and overripe Pyrus communis L. cv "De Cloche" using the phenol-buffer method. 24286790 4 0 theme neutrophil 706:715 arg1 recruitment 717:727 eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment 691:727 recruitment 717:727 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 6 1 theme cell 1112:1115 arg1 polysaccharides 1122:1136 these cell wall polysaccharides 1106:1136 these cell wall polysaccharides 1106:1136 We also showed that these cell wall polysaccharides induced chitin-specific IgM in mouse serum. 24286790 1 2 theme common 245:250 arg1 polysaccharides 252:266 the most common polysaccharides 236:266 the most common polysaccharides in fungal species 236:284 Chitin and β-glucan are conserved throughout evolution in the fungal cell wall and are the most common polysaccharides in fungal species. 24286790 6 3 theme wall 1117:1120 arg1 polysaccharides 1122:1136 these cell wall polysaccharides 1106:1136 these cell wall polysaccharides 1106:1136 We also showed that these cell wall polysaccharides induced chitin-specific IgM in mouse serum. 24286790 5 4 theme wall 1020:1023 arg1 polysaccharides 1025:1039 the cell wall polysaccharides 1011:1039 the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP 1011:1083 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 7 5 dep in 1198:1199 arg1 vitro 1201:1205 vitro 1201:1205 vitro 1201:1205 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 5 6 theme synergistic 989:999 arg1 effect 1001:1006 the synergistic effect 985:1006 the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP 985:1083 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 5 7 theme chitinase 915:923 arg1 activity 925:932 chitinase activity 915:932 chitinase activity 915:932 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 4 8 theme chitinase 730:738 arg1 activity 740:747 chitinase activity 730:747 chitinase activity 730:747 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 6 9 theme mouse 1169:1173 arg1 serum 1175:1179 mouse serum 1169:1179 mouse serum 1169:1179 We also showed that these cell wall polysaccharides induced chitin-specific IgM in mouse serum. 24286790 4 10 theme AIF 679:681 arg1 administration 661:674 Intranasal administration 650:674 Intranasal administration of AIF 650:681 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 0 11 theme composite 99:107 arg1 presentation 109:120 the composite presentation 95:120 the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan 95:146 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 4 12 theme mice 779:782 arg1 lungs 784:788 mice lungs 779:788 mice lungs 779:788 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 4 13 theme Intranasal 650:659 arg1 administration 661:674 Intranasal administration 650:674 Intranasal administration of AIF 650:681 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 5 14 theme chitin 816:821 arg1 destruction 801:811 Selective destruction 791:811 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF 791:842 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 7 15 theme in 1198:1199 arg1 data 1207:1210 Our in vivo and in vitro data 1182:1210 Our in vivo and in vitro data 1182:1210 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 3 16 theme present 407:413 arg1 study 415:419 the present study 403:419 the present study 403:419 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 1 17 theme fungal 271:276 arg1 species 278:284 fungal species 271:284 fungal species 271:284 Chitin and β-glucan are conserved throughout evolution in the fungal cell wall and are the most common polysaccharides in fungal species. 24286790 7 18 dep in 1186:1187 arg1 vivo 1189:1192 vivo 1189:1192 vivo 1189:1192 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 3 19 attach linked 528:533 arg1 β-glucan 549:556 β-glucan 549:556 β-glucan 549:556 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 3 19 attach linked 528:533 arg2 chitin 521:526 chitin 521:526 chitin linked covalently to β-glucan 521:556 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 0 20 theme immunity 20:27 arg1 Induction 0:8 Induction 0:8 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 0:78 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 5 21 theme polysaccharides 1025:1039 arg1 effect 1001:1006 the synergistic effect 985:1006 the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP 985:1083 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 0 22 theme chitin 125:130 arg1 presentation 109:120 the composite presentation 95:120 the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan 95:146 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 4 23 theme TSLP 760:763 arg1 production 765:774 TSLP production 760:774 TSLP production 760:774 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 3 24 theme Aspergillus 443:453 arg1 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 3 24 theme Aspergillus 443:453 arg1 fragments 492:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments 443:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF) 443:506 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 0 25 theme innate 13:18 arg1 immunity 20:27 innate immunity 13:27 innate immunity 13:27 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 0 26 theme Aspergillus 32:42 arg1 polysaccharides 64:78 Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 32:78 Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 32:78 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 5 27 theme cytokine 938:945 arg1 expression 947:956 cytokine expression 938:956 cytokine expression 938:956 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 0 28 theme beta-glucan 136:146 arg1 presentation 109:120 the composite presentation 95:120 the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan 95:146 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 7 29 theme composite 1315:1323 arg1 PAMPs 1335:1339 composite cell wall PAMPs 1315:1339 composite cell wall PAMPs 1315:1339 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 3 30 theme immune 576:581 arg1 responses 583:591 enhanced immune responses 567:591 enhanced immune responses 567:591 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 7 31 theme cell 1325:1328 arg1 PAMPs 1335:1339 composite cell wall PAMPs 1315:1339 composite cell wall PAMPs 1315:1339 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 1 32 theme fungal 211:216 arg1 wall 223:226 the fungal cell wall 207:226 the fungal cell wall 207:226 Chitin and β-glucan are conserved throughout evolution in the fungal cell wall and are the most common polysaccharides in fungal species. 24286790 5 33 theme Selective 791:799 arg1 destruction 801:811 Selective destruction 791:811 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF 791:842 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 7 34 theme in 1186:1187 arg1 data 1207:1210 Our in vivo and in vitro data 1182:1210 Our in vivo and in vitro data 1182:1210 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 3 35 theme cell 623:626 arg1 polysaccharides 633:647 individual cell wall polysaccharides 612:647 individual cell wall polysaccharides 612:647 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 5 36 theme β-glucan 826:833 arg1 destruction 801:811 Selective destruction 791:811 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF 791:842 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 5 37 theme eosinophil 866:875 arg1 recruitment 892:902 eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment 866:902 recruitment 892:902 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 1 38 theme cell 218:221 arg1 wall 223:226 the fungal cell wall 207:226 the fungal cell wall 207:226 Chitin and β-glucan are conserved throughout evolution in the fungal cell wall and are the most common polysaccharides in fungal species. 24286790 0 39 theme cell 54:57 arg1 polysaccharides 64:78 Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 32:78 Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 32:78 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 3 40 theme wall 628:631 arg1 polysaccharides 633:647 individual cell wall polysaccharides 612:647 individual cell wall polysaccharides 612:647 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 0 41 dep Aspergillus 32:42 arg1 fumigatus 44:52 fumigatus 44:52 fumigatus 44:52 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 3 42 theme wall 487:490 arg1 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 3 42 theme wall 487:490 arg1 fragments 492:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments 443:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF) 443:506 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 1 43 from polysaccharides 252:266 arg1 species 278:284 fungal species 271:284 fungal species 271:284 Chitin and β-glucan are conserved throughout evolution in the fungal cell wall and are the most common polysaccharides in fungal species. 24286790 5 44 theme composite 1070:1078 arg1 PAMP 1080:1083 a composite PAMP 1068:1083 a composite PAMP 1068:1083 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 3 45 theme enhanced 567:574 arg1 responses 583:591 enhanced immune responses 567:591 enhanced immune responses 567:591 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 5 46 from AIF 840:842 arg1 destruction 801:811 Selective destruction 791:811 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF 791:842 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 2 47 theme structural 330:339 arg1 scaffold 341:348 a structural scaffold 328:348 a structural scaffold that is essential for the survival of the fungus 328:397 Together, these two polysaccharides form a structural scaffold that is essential for the survival of the fungus. 24286790 2 47 theme structural 330:339 arg1 essential 358:366 essential 358:366 essential 358:366 Together, these two polysaccharides form a structural scaffold that is essential for the survival of the fungus. 24286790 5 48 theme cell 1015:1018 arg1 polysaccharides 1025:1039 the cell wall polysaccharides 1011:1039 the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP 1011:1083 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 3 49 theme alkali-insoluble 465:480 arg1 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 3 49 theme alkali-insoluble 465:480 arg1 fragments 492:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments 443:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF) 443:506 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 6 50 theme chitin-specific 1146:1160 arg1 IgM 1162:1164 chitin-specific IgM 1146:1164 chitin-specific IgM 1146:1164 We also showed that these cell wall polysaccharides induced chitin-specific IgM in mouse serum. 24286790 3 51 theme individual 612:621 arg1 polysaccharides 633:647 individual cell wall polysaccharides 612:647 individual cell wall polysaccharides 612:647 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 3 52 theme cell 482:485 arg1 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 AIF 503:505 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 3 52 theme cell 482:485 arg1 fragments 492:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments 443:500 Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF) 443:506 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 7 53 theme important 1251:1259 arg1 roles 1261:1265 important roles 1251:1265 important roles 1251:1265 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 2 54 theme fungus 392:397 arg1 survival 376:383 the survival 372:383 the survival of the fungus 372:397 Together, these two polysaccharides form a structural scaffold that is essential for the survival of the fungus. 24286790 3 55 dep Aspergillus 443:453 arg1 fumigatus 455:463 fumigatus 455:463 fumigatus 455:463 In the present study, we demonstrated that Aspergillus fumigatus alkali-insoluble cell wall fragments (AIF), composed of chitin linked covalently to β-glucan, induced enhanced immune responses when compared with individual cell wall polysaccharides. 24286790 7 56 theme wall 1330:1333 arg1 PAMPs 1335:1339 composite cell wall PAMPs 1315:1339 composite cell wall PAMPs 1315:1339 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 24286790 4 57 theme eosinophil 691:700 arg1 recruitment 717:727 eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment 691:727 recruitment 717:727 Intranasal administration of AIF induced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment, chitinase activity, TNF-α and TSLP production in mice lungs. 24286790 5 58 theme neutrophil 881:890 arg1 recruitment 892:902 eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment 866:902 recruitment 892:902 Selective destruction of chitin or β-glucan from AIF significantly reduced eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment as well as chitinase activity and cytokine expression by macrophages, indicating the synergistic effect of the cell wall polysaccharides when presented together as a composite PAMP. 24286790 0 59 theme wall 59:62 arg1 polysaccharides 64:78 Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 32:78 Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides 32:78 Induction of innate immunity by Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides is enhanced by the composite presentation of chitin and beta-glucan. 24286790 7 60 theme innate 1281:1286 arg1 immunity 1288:1295 innate immunity 1281:1295 innate immunity 1281:1295 Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that chitin and β-glucan play important roles in activating innate immunity when presented as composite cell wall PAMPs. 27211300 0 0 theme biological 79:88 arg1 activities 90:99 their biological activities 73:99 their biological activities 73:99 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 3 1 with arabinose 626:634 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 6 2 theme malondialodehyde 1231:1246 arg1 level 1222:1226 the level 1218:1226 the level of malondialodehyde (MDA) 1218:1252 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 8 3 theme waste 1425:1429 arg1 resources 1431:1439 tobacco waste resources 1417:1439 tobacco waste resources 1417:1439 This study provides an effective method to utilize tobacco waste resources. 27211300 2 4 theme % 477:477 arg1 yield 458:462 an experimental yield 442:462 an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78% 442:477 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 4 5 theme major 742:746 arg1 fractions 748:756 four major fractions 737:756 its four major fractions 733:756 The molecular weights of its four major fractions were 0.558, 1.015, 16.286, and 151.194kDa. 27211300 3 6 theme chemical 484:491 arg1 analysis 505:512 The chemical composition analysis 480:512 The chemical composition analysis 480:512 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 5 7 contain possessed 939:947 arg1 TWPs 837:840 TWPs 837:840 TWPs 837:840 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 5 7 contain possessed 939:947 arg2 activities 973:982 significant antioxidant activities 949:982 significant antioxidant activities 949:982 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 2 8 theme optimized 303:311 arg1 parameters 313:322 optimized parameters 303:322 optimized parameters 303:322 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 6 9 theme glutathione 1153:1163 arg1 GSH-Px 1177:1182 GSH-Px 1177:1182 GSH-Px 1177:1182 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 6 9 theme glutathione 1153:1163 arg1 peroxidase 1165:1174 glutathione peroxidase 1153:1174 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 1153:1183 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 3 10 theme composition 493:503 arg1 analysis 505:512 The chemical composition analysis 480:512 The chemical composition analysis 480:512 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 1 11 theme surface 113:119 arg1 methodology 121:131 A response surface methodology 102:131 A response surface methodology 102:131 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 27211300 3 12 with glucose 603:609 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 2 13 theme water 371:375 arg1 time 418:421 an extraction time 404:421 an extraction time of 115min 404:431 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 13 theme water 371:375 arg1 parameters 313:322 optimized parameters 303:322 optimized parameters 303:322 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 13 theme water 371:375 arg1 ratio 362:366 a ratio 360:366 a ratio of water to raw material of 54 360:397 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 13 theme water 371:375 arg1 temperature 339:349 an extraction temperature 325:349 an extraction temperature of 90°C 325:357 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 3 14 with mannose 548:554 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 3 15 theme following 645:653 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 2 16 theme 115min 426:431 arg1 time 418:421 an extraction time 404:421 an extraction time of 115min 404:431 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 16 theme 115min 426:431 arg1 parameters 313:322 optimized parameters 303:322 optimized parameters 303:322 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 16 theme 115min 426:431 arg1 ratio 362:366 a ratio 360:366 a ratio of water to raw material of 54 360:397 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 16 theme 115min 426:431 arg1 temperature 339:349 an extraction temperature 325:349 an extraction temperature of 90°C 325:357 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 5 17 theme significant 949:959 arg1 activities 973:982 significant antioxidant activities 949:982 significant antioxidant activities 949:982 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 3 18 theme molecular 655:663 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 1 19 used used 137:140 arg2 methodology 121:131 A response surface methodology 102:131 A response surface methodology 102:131 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 27211300 3 20 with galactose 612:620 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 2 21 theme following 293:301 arg1 parameters 313:322 optimized parameters 303:322 optimized parameters 303:322 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 3 22 with acid 578:581 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 0 23 theme extraction 20:29 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste 0:67 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 0 23 theme extraction 20:29 arg1 activities 90:99 their biological activities 73:99 their biological activities 73:99 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 6 24 theme superoxide 1125:1134 arg1 SOD 1147:1149 SOD 1147:1149 SOD 1147:1149 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 6 24 theme superoxide 1125:1134 arg1 dismutase 1136:1144 superoxide dismutase 1125:1144 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1125:1150 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 4 25 theme molecular 712:720 arg1 0.558 763:767 0.558 763:767 0.558 763:767 The molecular weights of its four major fractions were 0.558, 1.015, 16.286, and 151.194kDa. 27211300 4 25 theme molecular 712:720 arg1 weights 722:728 The molecular weights 708:728 The molecular weights of its four major fractions 708:756 The molecular weights of its four major fractions were 0.558, 1.015, 16.286, and 151.194kDa. 27211300 2 26 theme 54 396:397 arg1 material 384:391 raw material 380:391 raw material of 54 380:397 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 3 27 theme galacturonic 584:595 arg1 acid 597:600 galacturonic acid 584:600 galacturonic acid 584:600 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 1 28 theme response 104:111 arg1 methodology 121:131 A response surface methodology 102:131 A response surface methodology 102:131 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 27211300 1 29 theme tobacco 209:215 arg1 TWPs 224:227 TWPs 224:227 TWPs 224:227 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 27211300 1 29 theme tobacco 209:215 arg1 waste 217:221 tobacco waste 209:221 tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water 209:244 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 27211300 0 30 theme polysaccharides 34:48 arg1 extraction 20:29 the extraction 16:29 the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste 16:67 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 6 31 theme enzymes 1107:1113 arg1 activities 1081:1090 the activities 1077:1090 the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) 1077:1202 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 2 32 dep parameters 313:322 arg1 the 289:291 the 289:291 the 289:291 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 3 33 with acid 597:600 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 2 34 theme raw 380:382 arg1 material 384:391 raw material 380:391 raw material of 54 380:397 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 5 35 theme Bioactivity 801:811 arg1 experiments 813:823 Bioactivity experiments 801:823 Bioactivity experiments 801:823 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 1 36 from waste 217:221 arg1 polysaccharides 188:202 the polysaccharides 184:202 the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water 184:244 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 27211300 0 37 theme tobacco 55:61 arg1 waste 63:67 tobacco waste 55:67 tobacco waste 55:67 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 7 38 theme toxicity 1291:1298 arg1 test 1300:1303 the acute toxicity test 1281:1303 the acute toxicity test 1281:1303 In addition, according to the acute toxicity test, TWPs did not cause behavioral changes or any death of mice. 27211300 0 39 from waste 63:67 arg1 polysaccharides 34:48 polysaccharides 34:48 polysaccharides from tobacco waste 34:67 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 0 39 from waste 63:67 arg1 extraction 20:29 the extraction 16:29 the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste 16:67 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 2 40 theme extraction 328:337 arg1 temperature 339:349 an extraction temperature 325:349 an extraction temperature of 90°C 325:357 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 41 theme extraction 407:416 arg1 time 418:421 an extraction time 404:421 an extraction time of 115min 404:431 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 8 42 theme tobacco 1417:1423 arg1 resources 1431:1439 tobacco waste resources 1417:1439 tobacco waste resources 1417:1439 This study provides an effective method to utilize tobacco waste resources. 27211300 8 43 theme effective 1389:1397 arg1 method 1399:1404 an effective method 1386:1404 an effective method to utilize tobacco waste resources 1386:1439 This study provides an effective method to utilize tobacco waste resources. 27211300 7 44 theme behavioral 1325:1334 arg1 changes 1336:1342 behavioral changes 1325:1342 behavioral changes 1325:1342 In addition, according to the acute toxicity test, TWPs did not cause behavioral changes or any death of mice. 27211300 5 45 theme reactive 865:872 arg1 species 881:887 reactive oxygen species 865:887 the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings 861:927 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 4 46 theme fractions 748:756 arg1 0.558 763:767 0.558 763:767 0.558 763:767 The molecular weights of its four major fractions were 0.558, 1.015, 16.286, and 151.194kDa. 27211300 4 46 theme fractions 748:756 arg1 weights 722:728 The molecular weights 708:728 The molecular weights of its four major fractions 708:756 The molecular weights of its four major fractions were 0.558, 1.015, 16.286, and 151.194kDa. 27211300 2 47 theme extraction 251:260 arg1 process 262:268 The extraction process 247:268 The extraction process 247:268 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 5 48 theme oxygen 874:879 arg1 species 881:887 reactive oxygen species 865:887 the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings 861:927 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 5 49 theme salt-stressed 898:910 arg1 seedlings 919:927 salt-stressed tomato seedlings 898:927 salt-stressed tomato seedlings 898:927 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 6 50 theme Antioxidant 994:1004 arg1 activity 1006:1013 Antioxidant activity 994:1013 Antioxidant activity in vivo 994:1021 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 3 51 theme glucuronic 567:576 arg1 acid 578:581 glucuronic acid 567:581 glucuronic acid 567:581 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 5 52 theme species 881:887 arg1 level 889:893 the reactive oxygen species level 861:893 the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings 861:927 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 5 53 from level 889:893 arg1 seedlings 919:927 salt-stressed tomato seedlings 898:927 salt-stressed tomato seedlings 898:927 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 6 54 theme antioxidant 1095:1105 arg1 enzymes 1107:1113 antioxidant enzymes 1095:1113 antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) 1095:1202 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 6 54 theme antioxidant 1095:1105 arg1 dismutase 1136:1144 superoxide dismutase 1125:1144 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1125:1150 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 6 54 theme antioxidant 1095:1105 arg1 catalase 1189:1196 catalase 1189:1196 catalase (CAT) 1189:1202 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 6 54 theme antioxidant 1095:1105 arg1 peroxidase 1165:1174 glutathione peroxidase 1153:1174 glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) 1153:1183 Antioxidant activity in vivo further showed that TWPs could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and decrease the level of malondialodehyde (MDA). 27211300 2 55 theme experimental 445:456 arg1 yield 458:462 an experimental yield 442:462 an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78% 442:477 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 7 56 theme mice 1360:1363 arg1 changes 1336:1342 behavioral changes 1325:1342 behavioral changes 1325:1342 In addition, according to the acute toxicity test, TWPs did not cause behavioral changes or any death of mice. 27211300 7 56 theme mice 1360:1363 arg1 death 1351:1355 any death 1347:1355 any death of mice 1347:1363 In addition, according to the acute toxicity test, TWPs did not cause behavioral changes or any death of mice. 27211300 5 57 theme antioxidant 961:971 arg1 activities 973:982 significant antioxidant activities 949:982 significant antioxidant activities 949:982 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 5 58 theme tomato 912:917 arg1 seedlings 919:927 salt-stressed tomato seedlings 898:927 salt-stressed tomato seedlings 898:927 Bioactivity experiments showed that TWPs not only decreased the reactive oxygen species level in salt-stressed tomato seedlings, but also possessed significant antioxidant activities in vitro. 27211300 3 59 with rhamnose 557:564 arg1 ratio 665:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 the following molecular ratio 641:669 The chemical composition analysis showed that TWPs were composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose with the following molecular ratio: 1.00:2.69:1.29:2.29:5.23:6.90:3.92. 27211300 0 60 from extraction 20:29 arg1 waste 63:67 tobacco waste 55:67 tobacco waste 55:67 Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from tobacco waste and their biological activities. 27211300 7 61 theme acute 1285:1289 arg1 test 1300:1303 the acute toxicity test 1281:1303 the acute toxicity test 1281:1303 In addition, according to the acute toxicity test, TWPs did not cause behavioral changes or any death of mice. 27211300 2 62 theme 90°C 354:357 arg1 time 418:421 an extraction time 404:421 an extraction time of 115min 404:431 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 62 theme 90°C 354:357 arg1 parameters 313:322 optimized parameters 303:322 optimized parameters 303:322 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 62 theme 90°C 354:357 arg1 ratio 362:366 a ratio 360:366 a ratio of water to raw material of 54 360:397 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 2 62 theme 90°C 354:357 arg1 temperature 339:349 an extraction temperature 325:349 an extraction temperature of 90°C 325:357 The extraction process, carried out under the following optimized parameters: an extraction temperature of 90°C, a ratio of water to raw material of 54, and an extraction time of 115min, allowed an experimental yield of 28.32±1.78%. 27211300 1 63 theme hot 236:238 arg1 water 240:244 hot water 236:244 hot water 236:244 A response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters for extracting the polysaccharides from tobacco waste (TWPs) using hot water. 25129748 0 0 from studies 9:15 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 the polysaccharides 20:38 the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata 20:62 Chemical studies on the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata. 25129748 3 1 theme Monosaccharide 346:359 arg1 analysis 373:380 Monosaccharide composition analysis 346:380 Monosaccharide composition analysis 346:380 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 2 2 theme hot 254:256 arg1 HW 265:266 HW 265:266 HW 265:266 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 2 theme hot 254:256 arg1 water 258:262 hot water 254:262 hot water (HW) 254:267 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 6 3 theme rotation 935:942 arg1 data 944:947 optical rotation data 927:947 optical rotation data 927:947 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 4 4 theme prominent 672:680 arg1 ions 694:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 3 5 from present 539:545 arg1 extracts 567:574 the extracts 563:574 the extracts 563:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 5 from present 539:545 arg1 some 555:558 some 555:558 some 555:558 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 6 theme polysaccharide 404:417 arg1 samples 427:433 all the polysaccharide extract samples 396:433 all the polysaccharide extract samples 396:433 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 7 dep consisted 435:443 arg1 whereas 508:514 whereas 508:514 whereas 508:514 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 1 8 theme Indian 153:158 arg1 Roxb 191:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 8 9 theme polysaccharides 1143:1157 arg1 profiling 1119:1127 the profiling 1115:1127 the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides 1115:1157 This constitutes the first report on the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides. 25129748 3 10 theme composition 361:371 arg1 analysis 373:380 Monosaccharide composition analysis 346:380 Monosaccharide composition analysis 346:380 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 4 11 theme metal 688:692 arg1 ions 694:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 2 12 theme hydroxide 319:327 arg1 solutions 335:343 aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 304:343 aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 304:343 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 3 13 from some 555:558 arg1 present 539:545 present 539:545 present 539:545 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 2 14 theme sodium 312:317 arg1 hydroxide 319:327 aqueous sodium hydroxide 304:327 aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 304:343 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 14 theme sodium 312:317 arg1 ALK 330:332 ALK 330:332 ALK 330:332 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 0 15 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 studies 9:15 Chemical studies 0:15 Chemical studies on the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata 0:62 Chemical studies on the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata. 25129748 4 16 contain contained 659:667 arg2 ions 694:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 4 16 contain contained 659:667 arg1 extracts 585:592 All the extracts 577:592 All the extracts 577:592 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 7 17 theme polysaccharides 986:1000 arg1 analyses 968:975 Physico-chemical analyses 951:975 Physico-chemical analyses of these polysaccharides including uronic acid, sulphate and protein contents 951:1053 Physico-chemical analyses of these polysaccharides including uronic acid, sulphate and protein contents were also carried out. 25129748 5 18 located detected 711:718 arg2 Fucose 700:705 Fucose 700:705 Fucose 700:705 Fucose was detected only in OX extract of the roots. 25129748 5 18 located detected 711:718 arg1 extract 731:737 OX extract 728:737 OX extract of the roots 728:750 Fucose was detected only in OX extract of the roots. 25129748 1 19 theme polysaccharide 79:92 arg1 extracts 94:101 12 polysaccharide extracts 76:101 12 polysaccharide extracts 76:101 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 2 20 theme aqueous 304:310 arg1 hydroxide 319:327 aqueous sodium hydroxide 304:327 aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 304:343 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 20 theme aqueous 304:310 arg1 ALK 330:332 ALK 330:332 ALK 330:332 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 5 21 theme OX 728:729 arg1 extract 731:737 OX extract 728:737 OX extract of the roots 728:750 Fucose was detected only in OX extract of the roots. 25129748 1 22 theme extracts 94:101 arg1 group 67:71 A group 65:71 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts 65:101 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 1 22 theme extracts 94:101 arg1 extracts 94:101 12 polysaccharide extracts 76:101 12 polysaccharide extracts 76:101 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 1 23 theme Salicornia 170:179 arg1 Roxb 191:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 3 24 located present 539:545 arg1 extracts 567:574 the extracts 563:574 the extracts 563:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 24 located present 539:545 arg2 ribose 516:521 ribose 516:521 ribose 516:521 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 24 located present 539:545 arg2 xylose 527:532 xylose 527:532 xylose 527:532 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 24 located present 539:545 arg1 some 555:558 some 555:558 some 555:558 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 HW 265:266 HW 265:266 HW 265:266 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 OX 296:297 OX 296:297 OX 296:297 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 CW 249:250 CW 249:250 CW 249:250 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 solutions 335:343 aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 304:343 aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 304:343 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 oxalate 287:293 aqueous ammonium oxalate 270:293 aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) 270:298 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 water 242:246 cold water 237:246 cold water (CW) 237:251 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 25 with extractions 220:230 arg1 water 258:262 hot water 254:262 hot water (HW) 254:267 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 1 26 theme brachiata 181:189 arg1 Roxb 191:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 5 27 theme roots 746:750 arg1 extract 731:737 OX extract 728:737 OX extract of the roots 728:750 Fucose was detected only in OX extract of the roots. 25129748 1 28 theme halophyte 160:168 arg1 Roxb 191:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb 150:194 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 1 29 theme Roxb 191:194 arg1 stem 132:135 stem 132:135 stem 132:135 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 1 29 theme Roxb 191:194 arg1 tips 126:129 the tips 122:129 the tips 122:129 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 1 29 theme Roxb 191:194 arg1 roots 141:145 roots 141:145 roots 141:145 A group of 12 polysaccharide extracts were prepared from the tips, stem and roots of an Indian halophyte Salicornia brachiata Roxb. 25129748 8 30 theme Salicornia 1132:1141 arg1 polysaccharides 1143:1157 Salicornia polysaccharides 1132:1157 Salicornia polysaccharides 1132:1157 This constitutes the first report on the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides. 25129748 6 31 theme size-exclusion 855:868 arg1 chromatography 870:883 size-exclusion chromatography 855:883 size-exclusion chromatography 855:883 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 7 32 theme Physico-chemical 951:966 arg1 analyses 968:975 Physico-chemical analyses 951:975 Physico-chemical analyses of these polysaccharides including uronic acid, sulphate and protein contents 951:1053 Physico-chemical analyses of these polysaccharides including uronic acid, sulphate and protein contents were also carried out. 25129748 2 33 theme sequential 209:218 arg1 extractions 220:230 sequential extractions 209:230 sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions 209:343 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 6 34 theme optical 927:933 arg1 data 944:947 optical rotation data 927:947 optical rotation data 927:947 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 0 35 theme brachiata 54:62 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 the polysaccharides 20:38 the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata 20:62 Chemical studies on the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata. 25129748 0 36 theme Salicornia 43:52 arg1 brachiata 54:62 Salicornia brachiata 43:62 Salicornia brachiata 43:62 Chemical studies on the polysaccharides of Salicornia brachiata. 25129748 8 37 from report 1105:1110 arg1 profiling 1119:1127 the profiling 1115:1127 the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides 1115:1157 This constitutes the first report on the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides. 25129748 7 38 theme uronic 1012:1017 arg1 acid 1019:1022 uronic acid 1012:1022 uronic acid 1012:1022 Physico-chemical analyses of these polysaccharides including uronic acid, sulphate and protein contents were also carried out. 25129748 2 39 theme ammonium 278:285 arg1 OX 296:297 OX 296:297 OX 296:297 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 39 theme ammonium 278:285 arg1 oxalate 287:293 aqueous ammonium oxalate 270:293 aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) 270:298 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 6 40 theme linkage 837:843 arg1 analysis 845:852 glycoside linkage analysis 827:852 glycoside linkage analysis 827:852 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 2 41 theme aqueous 270:276 arg1 OX 296:297 OX 296:297 OX 296:297 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 41 theme aqueous 270:276 arg1 oxalate 287:293 aqueous ammonium oxalate 270:293 aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) 270:298 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 4 42 theme toxic 682:686 arg1 ions 694:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 no prominent toxic metal ions 669:697 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 3 43 theme extract 419:425 arg1 samples 427:433 all the polysaccharide extract samples 396:433 all the polysaccharide extract samples 396:433 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 2 44 theme cold 237:240 arg1 CW 249:250 CW 249:250 CW 249:250 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 2 44 theme cold 237:240 arg1 water 242:246 cold water 237:246 cold water (CW) 237:251 obtained by sequential extractions with cold water (CW), hot water (HW), aqueous ammonium oxalate (OX) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (ALK) solutions. 25129748 4 45 theme apparent 608:615 arg1 viscosity 617:625 low apparent viscosity 604:625 low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) 604:640 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 4 45 theme apparent 608:615 arg1 cP 638:639 1.47-2.02 cP 628:639 1.47-2.02 cP 628:639 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 3 46 attach present 539:545 arg1 extracts 567:574 the extracts 563:574 the extracts 563:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 46 attach present 539:545 arg2 ribose 516:521 ribose 516:521 ribose 516:521 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 46 attach present 539:545 arg2 xylose 527:532 xylose 527:532 xylose 527:532 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 3 46 attach present 539:545 arg1 some 555:558 some 555:558 some 555:558 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that all the polysaccharide extract samples consisted primarily of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose, whereas ribose and xylose were present only in some of the extracts. 25129748 6 47 theme circular 904:911 arg1 dichroism 913:921 circular dichroism 904:921 circular dichroism 904:921 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 7 48 theme protein 1038:1044 arg1 contents 1046:1053 protein contents 1038:1053 protein contents 1038:1053 Physico-chemical analyses of these polysaccharides including uronic acid, sulphate and protein contents were also carried out. 25129748 6 49 theme glycoside 827:835 arg1 analysis 845:852 glycoside linkage analysis 827:852 glycoside linkage analysis 827:852 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 8 50 theme first 1099:1103 arg1 report 1105:1110 the first report 1095:1110 the first report on the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides 1095:1157 This constitutes the first report on the profiling of Salicornia polysaccharides. 25129748 4 51 theme low 604:606 arg1 viscosity 617:625 low apparent viscosity 604:625 low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) 604:640 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 4 51 theme low 604:606 arg1 cP 638:639 1.47-2.02 cP 628:639 1.47-2.02 cP 628:639 All the extracts exhibited low apparent viscosity (1.47-2.02 cP) and sulphate and contained no prominent toxic metal ions. 25129748 6 52 dep heterogeneous 792:804 arg1 FT-IR 897:901 FT-IR 897:901 FT-IR 897:901 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 6 52 dep heterogeneous 792:804 arg1 chromatography 870:883 size-exclusion chromatography 855:883 size-exclusion chromatography 855:883 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 6 52 dep heterogeneous 792:804 arg1 data 944:947 optical rotation data 927:947 optical rotation data 927:947 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 6 52 dep heterogeneous 792:804 arg1 dichroism 913:921 circular dichroism 904:921 circular dichroism 904:921 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 6 52 dep heterogeneous 792:804 arg1 analysis 845:852 glycoside linkage analysis 827:852 glycoside linkage analysis 827:852 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 25129748 6 52 dep heterogeneous 792:804 arg1 C-NMR 890:894 (13)C-NMR 886:894 (13)C-NMR 886:894 These polysaccharides were found to be heterogeneous and highly branched (glycoside linkage analysis, size-exclusion chromatography, (13)C-NMR, FT-IR, circular dichroism and optical rotation data). 28596008 2 0 theme constituent 493:503 arg1 substances 505:514 the constituent substances 489:514 the constituent substances of KNK-A001 that are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity 489:582 In this study, we attempted to gain insight into the constituent substances of KNK-A001 that are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity. 28596008 1 1 theme natural 280:286 arg1 killer 288:293 natural killer 280:293 natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice 280:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 1 theme natural 280:286 arg1 NK 296:297 NK 296:297 NK 296:297 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 2 theme MAP 1187:1189 arg1 kinase 1192:1197 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 1160:1197 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors 1160:1208 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 0 3 from activities 23:32 arg1 strain 104:109 Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 81:118 Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 81:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 4 4 theme inducible 841:849 arg1 iNOS 864:867 iNOS 864:867 iNOS 864:867 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 4 theme inducible 841:849 arg1 synthase 854:861 inducible NO synthase 841:861 inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 841:868 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 3 5 theme exchange 662:669 arg1 chromatography 671:684 DEAE anion exchange chromatography 651:684 DEAE anion exchange chromatography 651:684 First, we obtained five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 by DEAE anion exchange chromatography. 28596008 1 6 theme killer 288:293 arg1 activity 305:312 natural killer (NK) cell activity 280:312 natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice 280:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 7 theme mitogen-activated 1160:1176 arg1 kinase 1192:1197 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 1160:1197 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors 1160:1208 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 1 8 theme protective 362:371 arg1 activities 230:239 immunostimulatory activities 212:239 immunostimulatory activities 212:239 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 8 theme protective 362:371 arg1 effect 373:378 a protective effect 360:378 a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp 360:411 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 5 9 theme B 1010:1010 arg1 subunit 978:984 the p65 subunit 970:984 the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 970:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 8 10 theme F5 1365:1366 arg1 analysis 1353:1360 The compositional analysis 1335:1360 The compositional analysis of F5 1335:1366 The compositional analysis of F5 identified the main constituents as galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and mannose. 28596008 9 11 theme F5 1513:1514 arg1 mass 1505:1508 molecular mass 1495:1508 molecular mass of F5 1495:1514 Gel-filtration analysis suggested that molecular mass of F5 was approximately 400kDa. 28596008 8 12 theme main 1383:1386 arg1 constituents 1388:1399 the main constituents 1379:1399 the main constituents 1379:1399 The compositional analysis of F5 identified the main constituents as galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and mannose. 28596008 7 13 theme protein 1178:1184 arg1 kinase 1192:1197 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 1160:1197 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors 1160:1208 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 9 14 theme Gel-filtration 1456:1469 arg1 analysis 1471:1478 Gel-filtration analysis 1456:1478 Gel-filtration analysis 1456:1478 Gel-filtration analysis suggested that molecular mass of F5 was approximately 400kDa. 28596008 4 15 theme secretion 765:773 arg1 induction 734:742 the most potent induction 718:742 the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells 718:791 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 16 theme significant 917:927 arg1 increase 929:936 A significant increase 915:936 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 915:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 1 17 from activity 305:312 arg1 mice 317:320 mice 317:320 mice 317:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 18 theme MAP 1263:1265 arg1 kinase 1267:1272 p38 MAP kinase 1259:1272 p38 MAP kinase 1259:1272 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 6 19 theme RAW264.7 1129:1136 arg1 cells 1138:1142 RAW264.7 cells 1129:1142 RAW264.7 cells 1129:1142 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 3 20 from KNK-A001 639:646 arg1 fractions 624:632 five polysaccharide fractions 604:632 five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 604:646 First, we obtained five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 by DEAE anion exchange chromatography. 28596008 6 21 theme necrosis 1102:1109 arg1 TNF 1119:1121 TNF 1119:1121 TNF 1119:1121 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 6 21 theme necrosis 1102:1109 arg1 factor 1111:1116 tumor necrosis factor 1096:1116 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1096:1124 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 2 22 theme KNK-A001 519:526 arg1 substances 505:514 the constituent substances 489:514 the constituent substances of KNK-A001 that are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity 489:582 In this study, we attempted to gain insight into the constituent substances of KNK-A001 that are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity. 28596008 4 23 theme RAW264.7 778:785 arg1 cells 787:791 RAW264.7 cells 778:791 RAW264.7 cells 778:791 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 1 24 theme virus-infected 385:398 arg1 shrimp 406:411 a virus-infected model shrimp 383:411 a virus-infected model shrimp 383:411 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 4 25 theme synthase 854:861 arg1 levels 831:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels 798:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 798:868 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 26 theme nuclear 989:995 arg1 NF-κB 1013:1017 NF-κB 1013:1017 NF-κB 1013:1017 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 26 theme nuclear 989:995 arg1 B 1010:1010 nuclear factor-kappa B 989:1010 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 989:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 6 27 theme -α 1123:1124 arg1 secretion 1083:1091 the secretion 1079:1091 the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells 1079:1142 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 1 28 theme immunostimulatory 212:228 arg1 increase 268:275 an increase 265:275 an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice 265:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 28 theme immunostimulatory 212:228 arg1 activities 230:239 immunostimulatory activities 212:239 immunostimulatory activities 212:239 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 28 theme immunostimulatory 212:228 arg1 effect 373:378 a protective effect 360:378 a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp 360:411 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 0 29 theme Macrophage-stimulating 0:21 arg1 activities 23:32 Macrophage-stimulating activities 0:32 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 0:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 4 30 theme NO 851:852 arg1 iNOS 864:867 iNOS 864:867 iNOS 864:867 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 30 theme NO 851:852 arg1 synthase 854:861 inducible NO synthase 841:861 inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 841:868 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 31 theme oxide 754:758 arg1 secretion 765:773 nitric oxide (NO) secretion 747:773 nitric oxide (NO) secretion 747:773 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 1 32 from effect 373:378 arg1 shrimp 406:411 a virus-infected model shrimp 383:411 a virus-infected model shrimp 383:411 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 33 theme cell 300:303 arg1 activity 305:312 natural killer (NK) cell activity 280:312 natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice 280:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 34 theme F5-induced 1298:1307 arg1 NO 1309:1310 F5-induced NO 1298:1310 F5-induced NO 1298:1310 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 1 35 theme previous 125:132 arg1 studies 134:140 Our previous studies 121:140 Our previous studies 121:140 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 4 36 theme protein 812:818 arg1 levels 831:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels 798:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 798:868 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 37 located observed 1024:1031 arg1 cells 1056:1060 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 1036:1060 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 1036:1060 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 37 located observed 1024:1031 arg2 increase 929:936 A significant increase 915:936 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 915:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 2 38 theme immunostimulatory 557:573 arg1 activity 575:582 the immunostimulatory activity 553:582 the immunostimulatory activity 553:582 In this study, we attempted to gain insight into the constituent substances of KNK-A001 that are responsible for the immunostimulatory activity. 28596008 1 39 theme model 400:404 arg1 shrimp 406:411 a virus-infected model shrimp 383:411 a virus-infected model shrimp 383:411 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 5 40 theme nuclear 945:951 arg1 translocation 953:965 the nuclear translocation 941:965 the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 941:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 9 41 theme molecular 1495:1503 arg1 mass 1505:1508 molecular mass 1495:1508 molecular mass of F5 1495:1514 Gel-filtration analysis suggested that molecular mass of F5 was approximately 400kDa. 28596008 5 42 from increase 929:936 arg1 translocation 953:965 the nuclear translocation 941:965 the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 941:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 0 43 theme complex 52:58 arg1 polysaccharides 60:74 newly isolated complex polysaccharides 37:74 newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 37:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 4 44 theme potent 727:732 arg1 induction 734:742 the most potent induction 718:742 the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells 718:791 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 0 45 from strain 104:109 arg1 polysaccharides 60:74 newly isolated complex polysaccharides 37:74 newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 37:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 0 45 from strain 104:109 arg1 activities 23:32 Macrophage-stimulating activities 0:32 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 0:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 3 46 theme polysaccharide 609:622 arg1 fractions 624:632 five polysaccharide fractions 604:632 five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 604:646 First, we obtained five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 by DEAE anion exchange chromatography. 28596008 0 47 theme isolated 43:50 arg1 polysaccharides 60:74 newly isolated complex polysaccharides 37:74 newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 37:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 1 48 contain has 208:210 arg1 kessleri 188:195 the microalga Parachlorella kessleri 160:195 the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) 160:206 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 48 contain has 208:210 arg2 increase 268:275 an increase 265:275 an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice 265:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 48 contain has 208:210 arg2 activities 230:239 immunostimulatory activities 212:239 immunostimulatory activities 212:239 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 48 contain has 208:210 arg2 effect 373:378 a protective effect 360:378 a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp 360:411 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 48 contain has 208:210 arg1 KNK-A001 198:205 KNK-A001 198:205 KNK-A001 198:205 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 8 49 theme compositional 1339:1351 arg1 analysis 1353:1360 The compositional analysis 1335:1360 The compositional analysis of F5 1335:1366 The compositional analysis of F5 identified the main constituents as galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and mannose. 28596008 5 50 theme RAW264.7 1047:1054 arg1 cells 1056:1060 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 1036:1060 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 1036:1060 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 1 51 from increase 268:275 arg1 activity 305:312 natural killer (NK) cell activity 280:312 natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice 280:320 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 52 theme oral 419:422 arg1 administration 424:437 oral administration 419:437 oral administration 419:437 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 53 theme TNF-α 1316:1320 arg1 productions 1322:1332 TNF-α productions 1316:1332 TNF-α productions 1316:1332 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 6 54 theme factor 1111:1116 arg1 -α 1123:1124 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1096:1124 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1096:1124 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 0 55 theme polysaccharides 60:74 arg1 activities 23:32 Macrophage-stimulating activities 0:32 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 0:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 1 56 theme intraperitoneal 328:342 arg1 injection 344:352 intraperitoneal injection 328:352 intraperitoneal injection 328:352 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 57 theme N-terminal 1231:1240 arg1 kinase 1242:1247 c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1225:1247 c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1225:1253 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 7 57 theme N-terminal 1231:1240 arg1 JNK 1250:1252 JNK 1250:1252 JNK 1250:1252 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 8 58 theme galacturonic 1424:1435 arg1 acid 1437:1440 galacturonic acid 1424:1440 galacturonic acid 1424:1440 The compositional analysis of F5 identified the main constituents as galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and mannose. 28596008 4 59 theme expression 820:829 arg1 levels 831:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels 798:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 798:868 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 3 60 theme anion 656:660 arg1 chromatography 671:684 DEAE anion exchange chromatography 651:684 DEAE anion exchange chromatography 651:684 First, we obtained five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 by DEAE anion exchange chromatography. 28596008 7 61 theme c-Jun 1225:1229 arg1 kinase 1242:1247 c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1225:1247 c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1225:1253 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 7 61 theme c-Jun 1225:1229 arg1 JNK 1250:1252 JNK 1250:1252 JNK 1250:1252 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 4 62 theme RAW264.7 899:906 arg1 cells 908:912 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 888:912 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 888:912 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 63 theme subunit 978:984 arg1 translocation 953:965 the nuclear translocation 941:965 the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 941:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 64 theme nitric 747:752 arg1 NO 761:762 NO 761:762 NO 761:762 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 64 theme nitric 747:752 arg1 oxide 754:758 nitric oxide 747:758 nitric oxide (NO) secretion 747:773 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 65 theme F5-treated 888:897 arg1 cells 908:912 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 888:912 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 888:912 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 3 66 theme DEAE 651:654 arg1 chromatography 671:684 DEAE anion exchange chromatography 651:684 DEAE anion exchange chromatography 651:684 First, we obtained five polysaccharide fractions from KNK-A001 by DEAE anion exchange chromatography. 28596008 1 67 theme microalga 164:172 arg1 kessleri 188:195 the microalga Parachlorella kessleri 160:195 the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) 160:206 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 67 theme microalga 164:172 arg1 KNK-A001 198:205 KNK-A001 198:205 KNK-A001 198:205 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 4 68 from induction 734:742 arg1 cells 787:791 RAW264.7 cells 778:791 RAW264.7 cells 778:791 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 6 69 theme tumor 1096:1100 arg1 TNF 1119:1121 TNF 1119:1121 TNF 1119:1121 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 6 69 theme tumor 1096:1100 arg1 factor 1111:1116 tumor necrosis factor 1096:1116 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1096:1124 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 0 70 theme kessleri 95:102 arg1 strain 104:109 Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 81:118 Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 81:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 5 71 theme F5-treated 1036:1045 arg1 cells 1056:1060 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 1036:1060 F5-treated RAW264.7 cells 1036:1060 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 4 72 theme mRNA 803:806 arg1 levels 831:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels 798:836 both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) 798:868 Among the fractions, F5 showed the most potent induction of nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and both mRNA and protein expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) were increased in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 7 73 theme p38 1259:1261 arg1 kinase 1267:1272 p38 MAP kinase 1259:1272 p38 MAP kinase 1259:1272 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 1 74 theme Parachlorella 174:186 arg1 kessleri 188:195 the microalga Parachlorella kessleri 160:195 the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) 160:206 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 1 74 theme Parachlorella 174:186 arg1 KNK-A001 198:205 KNK-A001 198:205 KNK-A001 198:205 Our previous studies demonstrated that the microalga Parachlorella kessleri (KNK-A001) has immunostimulatory activities, which were observed as an increase in natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice after intraperitoneal injection or as a protective effect on a virus-infected model shrimp after oral administration. 28596008 7 75 theme kinase 1192:1197 arg1 inhibitors 1199:1208 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors 1160:1208 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors 1160:1208 Analysis using mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors suggested that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAP kinase were mainly involved in F5-induced NO and TNF-α productions. 28596008 0 76 theme Parachlorella 81:93 arg1 strain 104:109 Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 81:118 Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001 81:118 Macrophage-stimulating activities of newly isolated complex polysaccharides from Parachlorella kessleri strain KNK-A001. 28596008 5 77 theme factor-kappa 997:1008 arg1 NF-κB 1013:1017 NF-κB 1013:1017 NF-κB 1013:1017 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 77 theme factor-kappa 997:1008 arg1 B 1010:1010 nuclear factor-kappa B 989:1010 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 989:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 6 78 from secretion 1083:1091 arg1 cells 1138:1142 RAW264.7 cells 1129:1142 RAW264.7 cells 1129:1142 F5 also induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. 28596008 5 79 theme p65 974:976 arg1 subunit 978:984 the p65 subunit 970:984 the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) 970:1018 A significant increase in the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was observed in F5-treated RAW264.7 cells. 25542164 0 0 theme polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 structure 25:33 structure 25:33 structure 25:33 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 0 0 theme polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 activities 51:60 antioxidant activities 39:60 antioxidant activities 39:60 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 0 0 theme polysaccharides 94:108 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 7 1 theme superoxide 1288:1297 arg1 radicals 1308:1315 hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals 1278:1315 radicals 1308:1315 Furthermore, FMPS3 displayed strong scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. 25542164 8 2 theme multiple 1470:1477 arg1 factors 1490:1496 multiple structural factors 1470:1496 multiple structural factors 1470:1496 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 0 3 theme Swingle 86:92 arg1 polysaccharides 94:108 Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides 65:108 Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides 65:108 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 5 4 dep 4.58×10 981:987 arg1 Da 1001:1002 Da 1001:1002 Da 1001:1002 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 3 5 theme hot 638:640 arg1 extraction 648:657 hot water extraction 638:657 hot water extraction 638:657 Under these conditions, the yield of FMPS was 4.15±0.11% (w/w), which was increased by 129.28% compared to hot water extraction. 25542164 5 6 theme polydispersity 897:910 arg1 index 912:916 polydispersity index 897:916 polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) 897:924 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 6 theme polydispersity 897:910 arg1 Mw/Mn 919:923 Mw/Mn 919:923 Mw/Mn 919:923 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 8 7 theme factors 1490:1496 arg1 combination 1455:1465 a combination 1453:1465 a combination of multiple structural factors 1453:1496 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 2 8 theme time 518:521 arg1 min 526:528 extraction time 87 min 507:528 extraction time 87 min 507:528 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 7 9 theme scavenging 1251:1260 arg1 ability 1262:1268 strong scavenging ability 1244:1268 strong scavenging ability 1244:1268 Furthermore, FMPS3 displayed strong scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. 25542164 2 10 theme extraction 507:516 arg1 min 526:528 extraction time 87 min 507:528 extraction time 87 min 507:528 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 1 11 theme polysaccharides 168:182 arg1 yield 159:163 the yield 155:163 the yield of polysaccharides extracted from Fortunella margarita Swingle (FMPS) 155:233 The objective of this study was to maximize the yield of polysaccharides extracted from Fortunella margarita Swingle (FMPS) and investigate the relationship between the structure and antioxidant activities. 25542164 0 12 theme antioxidant 39:49 arg1 activities 51:60 antioxidant activities 39:60 antioxidant activities 39:60 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 0 12 theme antioxidant 39:49 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 2 13 theme raw 463:465 arg1 ratio 489:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 7 14 theme strong 1244:1249 arg1 ability 1262:1268 strong scavenging ability 1244:1268 strong scavenging ability 1244:1268 Furthermore, FMPS3 displayed strong scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. 25542164 6 15 theme β-glycosidic 1077:1088 arg1 bonds 1090:1094 β-glycosidic bonds 1077:1094 β-glycosidic bonds 1077:1094 FMPS3, linked mainly by β-glycosidic bonds, consisted of galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as shown by HPLC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. 25542164 2 16 theme ml/g 498:501 arg1 volume 453:458 water volume 447:458 water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g 447:501 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 8 17 theme β-glycosidic 1414:1425 arg1 bonds 1427:1431 β-glycosidic bonds 1414:1431 β-glycosidic bonds 1414:1431 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 2 18 theme power 406:410 arg1 171W 412:415 ultrasonic power 171W 395:415 ultrasonic power 171W 395:415 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 18 theme power 406:410 arg1 conditions 330:339 The optimal conditions 318:339 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS 318:388 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 0 19 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 structure 25:33 structure 25:33 structure 25:33 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 0 19 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 activities 51:60 antioxidant activities 39:60 antioxidant activities 39:60 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 0 19 theme Extraction 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization 0:22 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 7 20 theme DPPH 1303:1306 arg1 radicals 1308:1315 hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals 1278:1315 radicals 1308:1315 Furthermore, FMPS3 displayed strong scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. 25542164 4 21 theme main 671:674 arg1 FMPS3 660:664 FMPS3 660:664 FMPS3 660:664 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 4 21 theme main 671:674 arg1 fraction 676:683 the main fraction 667:683 the main fraction of FMPS 667:691 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 2 22 theme ultrasonic 395:404 arg1 171W 412:415 ultrasonic power 171W 395:415 ultrasonic power 171W 395:415 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 22 theme ultrasonic 395:404 arg1 conditions 330:339 The optimal conditions 318:339 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS 318:388 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 1 23 theme antioxidant 294:304 arg1 activities 306:315 antioxidant activities 294:315 antioxidant activities 294:315 The objective of this study was to maximize the yield of polysaccharides extracted from Fortunella margarita Swingle (FMPS) and investigate the relationship between the structure and antioxidant activities. 25542164 5 24 theme root-mean-square 930:945 arg1 Rg 963:964 Rg 963:964 Rg 963:964 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 24 theme root-mean-square 930:945 arg1 radius 955:960 root-mean-square turning radius 930:960 root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 930:974 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 2 25 theme optimal 322:328 arg1 171W 412:415 ultrasonic power 171W 395:415 ultrasonic power 171W 395:415 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 25 theme optimal 322:328 arg1 conditions 330:339 The optimal conditions 318:339 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS 318:388 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 5 26 theme size-exclusion 767:780 arg1 chromatography 782:795 size-exclusion chromatography 767:795 size-exclusion chromatography 767:795 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 2 27 theme water 447:451 arg1 volume 453:458 water volume 447:458 water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g 447:501 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 28 theme W/M 484:486 arg1 ratio 489:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 6 29 theme 1H 1195:1196 arg1 NMR 1198:1200 1H NMR 1195:1200 1H NMR 1195:1200 FMPS3, linked mainly by β-glycosidic bonds, consisted of galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as shown by HPLC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. 25542164 5 30 theme refractive 837:846 arg1 SEC-MALLS-RI 855:866 SEC-MALLS-RI 855:866 SEC-MALLS-RI 855:866 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 30 theme refractive 837:846 arg1 index 848:852 refractive index 837:852 refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI) 837:867 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 2 31 theme temperature 429:439 arg1 50°C 441:444 extraction temperature 50°C 418:444 extraction temperature 50°C 418:444 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 5 32 theme laser 810:814 arg1 light-scattering 816:831 multi-angle laser light-scattering 798:831 multi-angle laser light-scattering 798:831 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 8 33 theme molecular 1379:1387 arg1 weight 1389:1394 molecular weight 1379:1394 molecular weight 1379:1394 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 6 34 theme 13C 1206:1208 arg1 NMR 1210:1212 13C NMR 1206:1212 13C NMR 1206:1212 FMPS3, linked mainly by β-glycosidic bonds, consisted of galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as shown by HPLC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. 25542164 5 35 theme multi-angle 798:808 arg1 light-scattering 816:831 multi-angle laser light-scattering 798:831 multi-angle laser light-scattering 798:831 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 2 36 theme extraction 418:427 arg1 50°C 441:444 extraction temperature 50°C 418:444 extraction temperature 50°C 418:444 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 37 theme weight 476:481 arg1 ratio 489:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 9 38 theme novel 1522:1526 arg1 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 is potentially a novel natural antioxidant agent. 25542164 9 38 theme novel 1522:1526 arg1 agent 1548:1552 a novel natural antioxidant agent 1520:1552 a novel natural antioxidant agent 1520:1552 FMPS3 is potentially a novel natural antioxidant agent. 25542164 0 39 theme Fortunella 65:74 arg1 polysaccharides 94:108 Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides 65:108 Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides 65:108 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 2 40 theme material 467:474 arg1 ratio 489:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 raw material weight (W/M) ratio 463:493 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 9 41 theme natural 1528:1534 arg1 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 is potentially a novel natural antioxidant agent. 25542164 9 41 theme natural 1528:1534 arg1 agent 1548:1552 a novel natural antioxidant agent 1520:1552 a novel natural antioxidant agent 1520:1552 FMPS3 is potentially a novel natural antioxidant agent. 25542164 8 42 theme monosaccharide 1351:1364 arg1 composition 1366:1376 monosaccharide composition 1351:1376 monosaccharide composition 1351:1376 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 3 43 theme FMPS 568:571 arg1 % 586:586 4.15±0.11% 577:586 4.15±0.11% (w/w) 577:592 Under these conditions, the yield of FMPS was 4.15±0.11% (w/w), which was increased by 129.28% compared to hot water extraction. 25542164 3 43 theme FMPS 568:571 arg1 yield 559:563 the yield 555:563 the yield of FMPS 555:571 Under these conditions, the yield of FMPS was 4.15±0.11% (w/w), which was increased by 129.28% compared to hot water extraction. 25542164 1 44 theme study 133:137 arg1 objective 115:123 The objective 111:123 The objective of this study 111:137 The objective of this study was to maximize the yield of polysaccharides extracted from Fortunella margarita Swingle (FMPS) and investigate the relationship between the structure and antioxidant activities. 25542164 7 45 theme hydroxyl 1278:1285 arg1 radicals 1308:1315 hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals 1278:1315 radicals 1308:1315 Furthermore, FMPS3 displayed strong scavenging ability against hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. 25542164 5 46 theme turning 947:953 arg1 Rg 963:964 Rg 963:964 Rg 963:964 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 46 theme turning 947:953 arg1 radius 955:960 root-mean-square turning radius 930:960 root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 930:974 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 9 47 theme antioxidant 1536:1546 arg1 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 1499:1503 FMPS3 is potentially a novel natural antioxidant agent. 25542164 9 47 theme antioxidant 1536:1546 arg1 agent 1548:1552 a novel natural antioxidant agent 1520:1552 a novel natural antioxidant agent 1520:1552 FMPS3 is potentially a novel natural antioxidant agent. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 weight 884:889 the molecular weight 870:889 the molecular weight (Mw) 870:894 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 index 912:916 polydispersity index 897:916 polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) 897:924 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 radius 955:960 root-mean-square turning radius 930:960 root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 930:974 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 Mw/Mn 919:923 Mw/Mn 919:923 Mw/Mn 919:923 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 Rg 963:964 Rg 963:964 Rg 963:964 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 Mw 892:893 Mw 892:893 Mw 892:893 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 48 theme FMPS3 970:974 arg1 nm 1035:1036 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm 981:1036 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm 981:1036 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 4 49 theme Sepharose 715:723 arg1 chromatography 738:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 5 50 theme molecular 874:882 arg1 nm 1035:1036 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm 981:1036 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm 981:1036 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 50 theme molecular 874:882 arg1 Mw 892:893 Mw 892:893 Mw 892:893 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 50 theme molecular 874:882 arg1 weight 884:889 the molecular weight 870:889 the molecular weight (Mw) 870:894 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 4 51 theme FMPS 688:691 arg1 FMPS3 660:664 FMPS3 660:664 FMPS3 660:664 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 4 51 theme FMPS 688:691 arg1 fraction 676:683 the main fraction 667:683 the main fraction of FMPS 667:691 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 6 52 theme galacturonic 1121:1132 arg1 acid 1134:1137 galacturonic acid 1121:1137 galacturonic acid 1121:1137 FMPS3, linked mainly by β-glycosidic bonds, consisted of galactose, galacturonic acid, glucose, mannose and rhamnose as shown by HPLC, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. 25542164 4 53 theme DEAE 710:713 arg1 chromatography 738:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 2 54 theme ultrasonic-assisted 345:363 arg1 UAE 377:379 UAE 377:379 UAE 377:379 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 54 theme ultrasonic-assisted 345:363 arg1 extraction 365:374 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 345:374 ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS 345:388 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 0 55 theme margarita 76:84 arg1 polysaccharides 94:108 Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides 65:108 Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides 65:108 Extraction optimization, structure and antioxidant activities of Fortunella margarita Swingle polysaccharides. 25542164 5 56 theme 4.58×10 981:987 arg1 nm 1035:1036 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm 981:1036 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm 981:1036 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 5 56 theme 4.58×10 981:987 arg1 weight 884:889 the molecular weight 870:889 the molecular weight (Mw) 870:894 According to size-exclusion chromatography, multi-angle laser light-scattering and refractive index (SEC-MALLS-RI), the molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and root-mean-square turning radius (Rg) of FMPS3 were 4.58×10(5) (±2.02%) Da, 1.08 (±1.23%), 28.13 (±1.73%) nm, respectively. 25542164 4 57 theme column 731:736 arg1 chromatography 738:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 8 58 theme combination 1455:1465 arg1 result 1443:1448 a result 1441:1448 a result of a combination of multiple structural factors 1441:1496 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 8 59 theme bonds 1427:1431 arg1 proportion 1400:1409 proportion 1400:1409 proportion 1400:1409 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 8 59 theme bonds 1427:1431 arg1 composition 1366:1376 monosaccharide composition 1351:1376 monosaccharide composition 1351:1376 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 8 59 theme bonds 1427:1431 arg1 weight 1389:1394 molecular weight 1379:1394 molecular weight 1379:1394 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 2 60 theme 32 495:496 arg1 ml/g 498:501 ml/g 498:501 ml/g 498:501 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 3 61 theme water 642:646 arg1 extraction 648:657 hot water extraction 638:657 hot water extraction 638:657 Under these conditions, the yield of FMPS was 4.15±0.11% (w/w), which was increased by 129.28% compared to hot water extraction. 25542164 4 62 theme CL-6B 725:729 arg1 chromatography 738:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 710:751 FMPS3, the main fraction of FMPS, was isolated by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25542164 2 63 theme FMPS 385:388 arg1 UAE 377:379 UAE 377:379 UAE 377:379 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 2 63 theme FMPS 385:388 arg1 extraction 365:374 ultrasonic-assisted extraction 345:374 ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS 345:388 The optimal conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of FMPS were ultrasonic power 171W, extraction temperature 50°C, water volume to raw material weight (W/M) ratio 32 ml/g and extraction time 87 min. 25542164 8 64 theme structural 1479:1488 arg1 factors 1490:1496 multiple structural factors 1470:1496 multiple structural factors 1470:1496 The activity was affected by the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and proportion of β-glycosidic bonds and was a result of a combination of multiple structural factors. 25542164 3 65 dep increased 605:613 arg1 compared 626:633 compared 626:633 compared to hot water extraction 626:657 Under these conditions, the yield of FMPS was 4.15±0.11% (w/w), which was increased by 129.28% compared to hot water extraction. 25719364 6 0 theme Illumina 764:771 arg1 sequencing 773:782 Illumina sequencing 764:782 Illumina sequencing 764:782 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the components involved in CPP biosynthesis, a transcriptome library, prepared using root and other tissues, was assembled with the help of Illumina sequencing. 25719364 9 1 theme Ontology 1071:1078 arg1 categories 1080:1089 Gene Ontology categories 1066:1089 Gene Ontology categories 1066:1089 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 6 2 theme PRINCIPAL 593:601 arg1 FINDINGS 603:610 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 593:610 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 593:610 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the components involved in CPP biosynthesis, a transcriptome library, prepared using root and other tissues, was assembled with the help of Illumina sequencing. 25719364 9 3 theme Genomes 1180:1186 arg1 Genes 1170:1174 Genes 1170:1174 Genes 1170:1174 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 9 3 theme Genomes 1180:1186 arg1 18,848 1138:1143 18,848 1138:1143 18,848 1138:1143 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 9 3 theme Genomes 1180:1186 arg1 Genomes 1180:1186 Genomes 1180:1186 Genomes 1180:1186 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 12 4 theme pathway 1704:1710 arg1 dataset 1635:1641 a public transcriptome dataset 1612:1641 a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula 1612:1667 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 12 4 theme pathway 1704:1710 arg1 outline 1676:1682 an outline 1673:1682 an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant 1673:1750 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 11 5 theme UDP-xylose 1512:1521 arg1 synthesis 1479:1487 the synthesis 1475:1487 the synthesis of UDP-L-arabinose and UDP-xylose 1475:1521 Among genes involved in the biosynthesis of CPP, those responsible for the synthesis of UDP-L-arabinose and UDP-xylose were highly expressed. 25719364 4 6 theme chemical 233:240 arg1 studies 262:268 chemical and pharmacological studies 233:268 chemical and pharmacological studies 233:268 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 10 7 theme transcripts 1223:1233 arg1 abundance 1210:1218 abundance 1210:1218 abundance of transcripts in the library 1210:1248 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 3 8 theme plants 216:221 arg1 plants 216:221 the most widely used medicinal plants 185:221 the most widely used medicinal plants 185:221 is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. 25719364 3 8 theme plants 216:221 arg1 one 178:180 one 178:180 one 178:180 is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. 25719364 10 9 theme top 1394:1396 arg1 list 1398:1401 the top list 1390:1401 the top list 1390:1401 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 10 10 from library 1242:1248 arg1 abundance 1210:1218 abundance 1210:1218 abundance of transcripts in the library 1210:1248 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 6 11 theme transcriptome 671:683 arg1 library 685:691 a transcriptome library 669:691 a transcriptome library 669:691 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the components involved in CPP biosynthesis, a transcriptome library, prepared using root and other tissues, was assembled with the help of Illumina sequencing. 25719364 0 12 theme polysaccharide 98:111 arg1 biosynthesis 113:124 polysaccharide biosynthesis 98:124 polysaccharide biosynthesis 98:124 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 11 13 theme CPP 1448:1450 arg1 biosynthesis 1432:1443 the biosynthesis 1428:1443 the biosynthesis of CPP 1428:1450 Among genes involved in the biosynthesis of CPP, those responsible for the synthesis of UDP-L-arabinose and UDP-xylose were highly expressed. 25719364 7 14 theme 45,511 893:898 arg1 unigenes 900:907 45,511 unigenes 893:907 45,511 unigenes 893:907 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 7 15 dep contigs 880:886 arg1 reads 865:869 reads 865:869 reads 865:869 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 13 16 theme CPP 1792:1794 arg1 biosynthesis 1796:1807 CPP biosynthesis 1792:1807 CPP biosynthesis 1792:1807 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 13 17 theme CPP 1869:1871 arg1 regulation 1855:1864 regulation 1855:1864 regulation 1855:1864 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 13 17 theme CPP 1869:1871 arg1 biosynthesis 1838:1849 biosynthesis 1838:1849 biosynthesis 1838:1849 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 9 18 dep Genes 1170:1174 arg1 pathways 1188:1195 pathways 1188:1195 pathways 1188:1195 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 12 19 theme transcriptome 1621:1633 arg1 dataset 1635:1641 a public transcriptome dataset 1612:1641 a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula 1612:1667 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 13 20 from level 1890:1894 arg1 regulation 1855:1864 regulation 1855:1864 regulation 1855:1864 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 13 20 from level 1890:1894 arg1 understanding 1817:1829 understanding 1817:1829 understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level 1817:1894 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 13 20 from level 1890:1894 arg1 biosynthesis 1838:1849 biosynthesis 1838:1849 biosynthesis 1838:1849 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 5 21 theme candidate 543:551 arg1 genes 553:557 candidate genes 543:557 candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism 543:590 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 12 22 theme medicinal 1736:1744 arg1 plant 1746:1750 a medicinal plant 1734:1750 a medicinal plant 1734:1750 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 10 23 theme abundance 1210:1218 arg1 Analysis 1198:1205 Analysis 1198:1205 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library 1198:1248 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 9 24 theme Gene 1066:1069 arg1 categories 1080:1089 Gene Ontology categories 1066:1089 Gene Ontology categories 1066:1089 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 3 25 theme used 201:204 arg1 plants 216:221 the most widely used medicinal plants 185:221 the most widely used medicinal plants 185:221 is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. 25719364 13 26 theme Identified 1753:1762 arg1 genes 1774:1778 Identified candidate genes 1753:1778 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis 1753:1807 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 5 27 theme genes 553:557 arg1 identification 525:538 the identification 521:538 the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism 521:590 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 12 28 theme polysaccharides 1715:1729 arg1 pathway 1704:1710 the biosynthetic pathway 1687:1710 the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides 1687:1729 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 3 29 theme medicinal 206:214 arg1 plants 216:221 the most widely used medicinal plants 185:221 the most widely used medicinal plants 185:221 is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. 25719364 13 30 theme molecular 1880:1888 arg1 level 1890:1894 the molecular level 1876:1894 the molecular level 1876:1894 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 0 31 theme Transcriptome 0:12 arg1 sequencing 14:23 Transcriptome sequencing 0:23 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula 0:46 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 9 32 dep 18,848 1138:1143 arg1 Encyclopedia 1154:1165 Encyclopedia 1154:1165 Encyclopedia 1154:1165 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 9 32 dep 18,848 1138:1143 arg1 to 1145:1146 to 1145:1146 to 1145:1146 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 12 33 from dataset 1635:1641 arg1 plant 1746:1750 a medicinal plant 1734:1750 a medicinal plant 1734:1750 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 7 34 theme 102,125 872:878 arg1 contigs 880:886 102,125 contigs 872:886 102,125 contigs 872:886 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 10 35 theme stress 1364:1369 arg1 responses 1371:1379 stress responses 1364:1379 stress responses 1364:1379 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 0 36 theme Codonopsis 28:37 arg1 pilosula 39:46 Codonopsis pilosula 28:46 Codonopsis pilosula 28:46 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 7 37 theme clean 859:863 arg1 contigs 880:886 102,125 contigs 872:886 102,125 contigs 872:886 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 13 38 dep biosynthesis 1838:1849 arg1 the 1834:1836 the 1834:1836 the 1834:1836 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 4 39 theme biosynthetic 390:401 arg1 pathways 403:410 their biosynthetic pathways 384:410 their biosynthetic pathways 384:410 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 9 40 theme Groups 1126:1131 arg1 Clusters 1102:1109 Clusters 1102:1109 Clusters of Orthologous Groups 1102:1131 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 4 41 theme bioactive 324:332 arg1 polysaccharides 297:311 codonopsis polysaccharides 286:311 codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) 286:318 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 4 41 theme bioactive 324:332 arg1 compounds 334:342 bioactive compounds 324:342 bioactive compounds 324:342 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 12 42 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1546:1557 arg1 knowledge 1566:1574 our knowledge 1562:1574 our knowledge 1562:1574 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 1 43 theme BACKGROUND 127:136 arg1 Franch 159:164 Franch 159:164 Franch 159:164 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) 25719364 1 43 theme BACKGROUND 127:136 arg1 pilosula 149:156 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula 127:156 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) 127:166 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) 25719364 8 44 theme public 946:951 arg1 databases 961:969 the public protein databases 942:969 the public protein databases 942:969 After aligning the sequences to the public protein databases, 76.1% of the unigenes were annotated. 25719364 9 45 theme Orthologous 1114:1124 arg1 Groups 1126:1131 Orthologous Groups 1114:1131 Orthologous Groups 1114:1131 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 11 46 theme UDP-L-arabinose 1492:1506 arg1 synthesis 1479:1487 the synthesis 1475:1487 the synthesis of UDP-L-arabinose and UDP-xylose 1475:1521 Among genes involved in the biosynthesis of CPP, those responsible for the synthesis of UDP-L-arabinose and UDP-xylose were highly expressed. 25719364 4 47 theme codonopsis 286:295 arg1 CPPs 314:317 CPPs 314:317 CPPs 314:317 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 4 47 theme codonopsis 286:295 arg1 polysaccharides 297:311 codonopsis polysaccharides 286:311 codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) 286:318 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 4 47 theme codonopsis 286:295 arg1 compounds 334:342 bioactive compounds 324:342 bioactive compounds 324:342 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 5 48 theme efficient 469:477 arg1 sequencing 452:461 Next-generation sequencing 436:461 Next-generation sequencing 436:461 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 5 48 theme efficient 469:477 arg1 technique 499:507 an efficient and high-throughput technique 466:507 an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism 466:590 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 7 49 theme nucleotides 812:822 arg1 Gb 800:801 9.2 Gb 796:801 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides 796:822 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 0 50 theme pilosula 39:46 arg1 identification 52:65 identification 52:65 identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis 52:124 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 0 50 theme pilosula 39:46 arg1 sequencing 14:23 Transcriptome sequencing 0:23 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula 0:46 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 13 51 theme candidate 1764:1772 arg1 genes 1774:1778 Identified candidate genes 1753:1778 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis 1753:1807 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 9 52 theme Genes 1170:1174 arg1 Genes 1170:1174 Genes 1170:1174 Genes 1170:1174 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 9 52 theme Genes 1170:1174 arg1 18,848 1138:1143 18,848 1138:1143 18,848 1138:1143 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 9 52 theme Genes 1170:1174 arg1 Genomes 1180:1186 Genomes 1180:1186 Genomes 1180:1186 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 13 53 theme biosynthesis 1838:1849 arg1 understanding 1817:1829 understanding 1817:1829 understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level 1817:1894 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 8 54 theme protein 953:959 arg1 databases 961:969 the public protein databases 942:969 the public protein databases 942:969 After aligning the sequences to the public protein databases, 76.1% of the unigenes were annotated. 25719364 1 55 theme Codonopsis 138:147 arg1 Franch 159:164 Franch 159:164 Franch 159:164 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) 25719364 1 55 theme Codonopsis 138:147 arg1 pilosula 149:156 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula 127:156 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) 127:166 BACKGROUND Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) 25719364 12 56 theme first 1589:1593 arg1 this 1577:1580 this 1577:1580 this 1577:1580 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 12 56 theme first 1589:1593 arg1 study 1595:1599 the first study 1585:1599 the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant 1585:1750 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 10 57 from abundance 1210:1218 arg1 library 1242:1248 the library 1238:1248 the library 1238:1248 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 9 58 theme annotated 1022:1030 arg1 unigenes 1032:1039 these annotated unigenes 1016:1039 these annotated unigenes 1016:1039 Among these annotated unigenes, 26,189 were assigned to Gene Ontology categories, 11,415 to Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and 18,848 to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. 25719364 4 59 theme pharmacological 246:260 arg1 studies 262:268 chemical and pharmacological studies 233:268 chemical and pharmacological studies 233:268 Although chemical and pharmacological studies have shown that codonopsis polysaccharides (CPPs) are bioactive compounds and that their composition is variable, their biosynthetic pathways remain largely unknown. 25719364 7 60 theme clean 806:810 arg1 nucleotides 812:822 clean nucleotides 806:822 clean nucleotides 806:822 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 6 61 dep the 752:754 arg1 help 756:759 help 756:759 help 756:759 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the components involved in CPP biosynthesis, a transcriptome library, prepared using root and other tissues, was assembled with the help of Illumina sequencing. 25719364 12 62 theme public 1614:1619 arg1 dataset 1635:1641 a public transcriptome dataset 1612:1641 a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula 1612:1667 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 12 63 theme biosynthetic 1691:1702 arg1 pathway 1704:1710 the biosynthetic pathway 1687:1710 the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides 1687:1729 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 10 64 from transcripts 1223:1233 arg1 library 1242:1248 the library 1238:1248 the library 1238:1248 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 6 65 theme other 718:722 arg1 tissues 724:730 other tissues 718:730 other tissues 718:730 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the components involved in CPP biosynthesis, a transcriptome library, prepared using root and other tissues, was assembled with the help of Illumina sequencing. 25719364 10 66 theme cysteine 1326:1333 arg1 protease 1335:1342 cysteine protease 1326:1342 cysteine protease 1326:1342 Analysis of abundance of transcripts in the library showed that genes, including those encoding metallothionein, aquaporin, and cysteine protease that are related to stress responses, were in the top list. 25719364 5 67 theme high-throughput 483:497 arg1 sequencing 452:461 Next-generation sequencing 436:461 Next-generation sequencing 436:461 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 5 67 theme high-throughput 483:497 arg1 technique 499:507 an efficient and high-throughput technique 466:507 an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism 466:590 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 7 68 theme Gb 800:801 arg1 total 787:791 A total 785:791 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides 785:822 A total of 9.2 Gb of clean nucleotides was obtained comprising 91,175,044 clean reads, 102,125 contigs, and 45,511 unigenes. 25719364 0 69 theme genes 80:84 arg1 identification 52:65 identification 52:65 identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis 52:124 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 0 69 theme genes 80:84 arg1 sequencing 14:23 Transcriptome sequencing 0:23 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula 0:46 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 13 70 from understanding 1817:1829 arg1 level 1890:1894 the molecular level 1876:1894 the molecular level 1876:1894 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 12 71 from outline 1676:1682 arg1 plant 1746:1750 a medicinal plant 1734:1750 a medicinal plant 1734:1750 SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a public transcriptome dataset prepared from C. pilosula and an outline of the biosynthetic pathway of polysaccharides in a medicinal plant. 25719364 5 72 theme secondary 571:579 arg1 metabolism 581:590 secondary metabolism 571:590 secondary metabolism 571:590 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 0 73 theme candidate 70:78 arg1 genes 80:84 candidate genes 70:84 candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis 70:124 Transcriptome sequencing of Codonopsis pilosula and identification of candidate genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. 25719364 6 74 theme CPP 651:653 arg1 biosynthesis 655:666 CPP biosynthesis 651:666 CPP biosynthesis 651:666 PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To identify the components involved in CPP biosynthesis, a transcriptome library, prepared using root and other tissues, was assembled with the help of Illumina sequencing. 25719364 8 75 theme unigenes 985:992 arg1 % 976:976 76.1% 972:976 76.1% of the unigenes 972:992 After aligning the sequences to the public protein databases, 76.1% of the unigenes were annotated. 25719364 8 75 theme unigenes 985:992 arg1 unigenes 985:992 the unigenes 981:992 the unigenes 981:992 After aligning the sequences to the public protein databases, 76.1% of the unigenes were annotated. 25719364 13 76 theme regulation 1855:1864 arg1 understanding 1817:1829 understanding 1817:1829 understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level 1817:1894 Identified candidate genes involved in CPP biosynthesis provide understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of CPP at the molecular level. 25719364 5 77 theme Next-generation 436:450 arg1 sequencing 452:461 Next-generation sequencing 436:461 Next-generation sequencing 436:461 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25719364 5 77 theme Next-generation 436:450 arg1 technique 499:507 an efficient and high-throughput technique 466:507 an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism 466:590 Next-generation sequencing is an efficient and high-throughput technique that allows the identification of candidate genes involved in secondary metabolism. 25129789 0 0 from characterisation 14:29 arg1 hepatocytes 89:99 hepatocytes 89:99 hepatocytes 89:99 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 0 from characterisation 14:29 arg1 alfalfa 78:84 alfalfa 78:84 alfalfa 78:84 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 1 1 theme preliminary 151:161 arg1 characteristics 163:177 the preliminary characteristics 147:177 the preliminary characteristics 147:177 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 6 2 theme lactic 981:986 arg1 dehydrogenase 988:1000 lactic dehydrogenase 981:1000 lactic dehydrogenase 981:1000 Furthermore, APS treatment counteracted the increases in lactic dehydrogenase and malonaldehyde in the culture supernatant. 25129789 7 3 theme oxidative 1129:1137 arg1 injury 1139:1144 oxidative injury 1129:1144 oxidative injury in hepatocytes 1129:1159 These results clearly demonstrate that APS possesses a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes. 25129789 5 4 theme antioxidant 844:854 arg1 capacity 856:863 the total antioxidant capacity 834:863 the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress 834:921 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 0 5 from Purification 0:11 arg1 hepatocytes 89:99 hepatocytes 89:99 hepatocytes 89:99 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 5 from Purification 0:11 arg1 alfalfa 78:84 alfalfa 78:84 alfalfa 78:84 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 7 6 theme protective 1103:1112 arg1 effect 1114:1119 a protective effect 1101:1119 a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes 1101:1159 These results clearly demonstrate that APS possesses a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes. 25129789 1 7 from characteristics 163:177 arg1 hepatocytes 238:248 hepatocytes 238:248 hepatocytes 238:248 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 3 8 dep carbohydrate 457:468 arg1 higher 450:455 higher 450:455 higher 450:455 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 5 9 theme oxidative 906:914 arg1 stress 916:921 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 893:921 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 893:921 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 3 10 theme complicated 521:531 arg1 composition 548:558 a more complicated monosaccharide composition 514:558 a more complicated monosaccharide composition 514:558 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 5 11 theme H2O2-induced 893:904 arg1 stress 916:921 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 893:921 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 893:921 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 5 12 theme hepatocytes 868:878 arg1 capacity 856:863 the total antioxidant capacity 834:863 the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress 834:921 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 6 13 from increases 968:976 arg1 supernatant 1035:1045 the culture supernatant 1023:1045 the culture supernatant 1023:1045 Furthermore, APS treatment counteracted the increases in lactic dehydrogenase and malonaldehyde in the culture supernatant. 25129789 6 13 from increases 968:976 arg1 malonaldehyde 1006:1018 malonaldehyde 1006:1018 malonaldehyde 1006:1018 Furthermore, APS treatment counteracted the increases in lactic dehydrogenase and malonaldehyde in the culture supernatant. 25129789 6 13 from increases 968:976 arg1 dehydrogenase 988:1000 lactic dehydrogenase 981:1000 lactic dehydrogenase 981:1000 Furthermore, APS treatment counteracted the increases in lactic dehydrogenase and malonaldehyde in the culture supernatant. 25129789 2 14 dep fractions 371:379 arg1 fractions 371:379 the four purified fractions 353:379 the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 353:410 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 14 dep fractions 371:379 arg1 APS-3 396:400 APS-3 396:400 APS-3 396:400 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 14 dep fractions 371:379 arg1 APS-2 389:393 APS-2 389:393 APS-2 389:393 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 14 dep fractions 371:379 arg1 APS-1 382:386 APS-1 382:386 APS-1 382:386 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 14 dep fractions 371:379 arg1 APS-4 406:410 APS-4 406:410 APS-4 406:410 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 5 15 theme enzymes 812:818 arg1 activities 786:795 the activities 782:795 the activities of antioxidant enzymes 782:818 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 0 16 from effects 46:52 arg1 hepatocytes 89:99 hepatocytes 89:99 hepatocytes 89:99 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 16 from effects 46:52 arg1 alfalfa 78:84 alfalfa 78:84 alfalfa 78:84 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 1 17 theme protective 183:192 arg1 effects 194:200 protective effects 183:200 protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes 183:248 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 5 18 theme purified 753:760 arg1 fractions 762:770 its purified fractions 749:770 its purified fractions 749:770 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 2 19 theme G-100 318:322 arg1 chromatography 324:337 DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography 290:337 chromatography 324:337 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 20 theme Sephadex 309:316 arg1 chromatography 324:337 DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography 290:337 chromatography 324:337 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 4 21 theme APS-3 649:653 arg1 weights 624:630 The average molecular weights 602:630 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 602:663 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 21 theme APS-3 649:653 arg1 Da 703:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 3 22 theme monosaccharide 533:546 arg1 composition 548:558 a more complicated monosaccharide composition 514:558 a more complicated monosaccharide composition 514:558 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 1 23 theme alfalfa 205:211 arg1 polysaccharides 213:227 alfalfa polysaccharides 205:227 alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) 205:233 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 1 23 theme alfalfa 205:211 arg1 APS 230:232 APS 230:232 APS 230:232 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 6 24 theme APS 937:939 arg1 treatment 941:949 APS treatment 937:949 APS treatment 937:949 Furthermore, APS treatment counteracted the increases in lactic dehydrogenase and malonaldehyde in the culture supernatant. 25129789 5 25 dep APS 734:736 arg1 fractions 762:770 its purified fractions 749:770 its purified fractions 749:770 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 5 25 dep APS 734:736 arg1 crude 739:743 crude 739:743 crude 739:743 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 2 26 theme DEAE-cellulose 290:303 arg1 chromatography 324:337 DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography 290:337 chromatography 324:337 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 1 27 theme polysaccharides 213:227 arg1 effects 194:200 protective effects 183:200 protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes 183:248 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 1 27 theme polysaccharides 213:227 arg1 characteristics 163:177 the preliminary characteristics 147:177 the preliminary characteristics 147:177 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 3 28 theme acid 481:484 arg1 contents 486:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 3 29 theme purified 582:589 arg1 fractions 591:599 the other purified fractions 572:599 the other purified fractions 572:599 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 7 30 contain possesses 1091:1099 arg2 effect 1114:1119 a protective effect 1101:1119 a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes 1101:1159 These results clearly demonstrate that APS possesses a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes. 25129789 7 30 contain possesses 1091:1099 arg1 APS 1087:1089 APS 1087:1089 APS 1087:1089 These results clearly demonstrate that APS possesses a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes. 25129789 6 31 theme culture 1027:1033 arg1 supernatant 1035:1045 the culture supernatant 1023:1045 the culture supernatant 1023:1045 Furthermore, APS treatment counteracted the increases in lactic dehydrogenase and malonaldehyde in the culture supernatant. 25129789 0 32 theme protective 35:44 arg1 effects 46:52 protective effects 35:52 protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes 35:99 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 33 from alfalfa 78:84 arg1 characterisation 14:29 characterisation 14:29 characterisation 14:29 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 33 from alfalfa 78:84 arg1 effects 46:52 protective effects 35:52 protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes 35:99 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 33 from alfalfa 78:84 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 33 from alfalfa 78:84 arg1 polysaccharides 57:71 polysaccharides 57:71 polysaccharides from alfalfa 57:84 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 4 34 theme APS-1 635:639 arg1 weights 624:630 The average molecular weights 602:630 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 602:663 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 34 theme APS-1 635:639 arg1 Da 703:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 0 35 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 characterisation 14:29 characterisation 14:29 characterisation 14:29 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 35 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 effects 46:52 protective effects 35:52 protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes 35:99 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 0 35 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, characterisation and protective effects of polysaccharides from alfalfa on hepatocytes. 25129789 3 36 contain had 510:512 arg2 composition 548:558 a more complicated monosaccharide composition 514:558 a more complicated monosaccharide composition 514:558 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 3 36 contain had 510:512 arg1 APS-4 504:508 APS-4 504:508 APS-4 504:508 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 3 37 contain had 446:448 arg1 APS-3 440:444 APS-3 440:444 APS-3 440:444 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 3 37 contain had 446:448 arg2 contents 486:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 3 38 theme uronic 474:479 arg1 contents 486:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 3 39 theme other 576:580 arg1 fractions 591:599 the other purified fractions 572:599 the other purified fractions 572:599 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 1 40 theme study 124:128 arg1 objective 106:114 The objective 102:114 The objective of this study 102:128 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 2 41 theme crude 264:268 arg1 APS 270:272 The crude APS 260:272 The crude APS 260:272 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 3 42 theme carbohydrate 457:468 arg1 contents 486:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents 450:493 The results indicated that APS-3 had higher carbohydrate and uronic acid contents and that APS-4 had a more complicated monosaccharide composition compared to the other purified fractions. 25129789 1 43 from effects 194:200 arg1 hepatocytes 238:248 hepatocytes 238:248 hepatocytes 238:248 The objective of this study was to determine the preliminary characteristics and protective effects of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) on hepatocytes in vitro. 25129789 4 44 theme APS-4 659:663 arg1 weights 624:630 The average molecular weights 602:630 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 602:663 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 44 theme APS-4 659:663 arg1 Da 703:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 5 45 theme antioxidant 800:810 arg1 enzymes 812:818 antioxidant enzymes 800:818 antioxidant enzymes 800:818 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 5 46 theme total 838:842 arg1 capacity 856:863 the total antioxidant capacity 834:863 the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress 834:921 Furthermore, APS (crude and its purified fractions) restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased the total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. 25129789 4 47 theme APS-2 642:646 arg1 weights 624:630 The average molecular weights 602:630 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 602:663 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 47 theme APS-2 642:646 arg1 Da 703:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 48 theme molecular 614:622 arg1 weights 624:630 The average molecular weights 602:630 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 602:663 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 48 theme molecular 614:622 arg1 Da 703:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 7 49 from injury 1139:1144 arg1 hepatocytes 1149:1159 hepatocytes 1149:1159 hepatocytes 1149:1159 These results clearly demonstrate that APS possesses a protective effect against oxidative injury in hepatocytes. 25129789 2 50 theme purified 362:369 arg1 APS-3 396:400 APS-3 396:400 APS-3 396:400 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 50 theme purified 362:369 arg1 APS-2 389:393 APS-2 389:393 APS-2 389:393 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 50 theme purified 362:369 arg1 APS-1 382:386 APS-1 382:386 APS-1 382:386 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 50 theme purified 362:369 arg1 APS-4 406:410 APS-4 406:410 APS-4 406:410 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 2 50 theme purified 362:369 arg1 fractions 371:379 the four purified fractions 353:379 the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 353:410 The crude APS was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, resulting in the four purified fractions: APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4. 25129789 4 51 theme average 606:612 arg1 weights 624:630 The average molecular weights 602:630 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 602:663 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 25129789 4 51 theme average 606:612 arg1 Da 703:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da 670:704 The average molecular weights of APS-1, APS-2, APS-3 and APS-4 were 48,536, 6,221, 66,559 and 13,076 Da, respectively. 28845769 4 0 theme LSMS-1 822:827 arg1 forms 857:861 sphere-like forms 845:861 sphere-like forms in aqueous solution 845:881 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 4 0 theme LSMS-1 822:827 arg1 shapes 812:817 the molecular shapes 798:817 the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 798:838 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 2 1 theme multiangle 557:566 arg1 MALLS 592:596 MALLS 592:596 MALLS 592:596 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 2 1 theme multiangle 557:566 arg1 scattering 580:589 a multiangle laser-light scattering 555:589 a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) 555:597 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 9 2 theme cell 1678:1681 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 2 theme cell 1678:1681 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 8 3 theme MTT 1272:1274 arg1 assays 1276:1281 MTT assays 1272:1281 MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL 1272:1350 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 3 4 theme LSMS-2 683:688 arg1 × 718:718 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol 712:744 × 718:718 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 3 4 theme LSMS-2 683:688 arg1 masses 662:667 The weight-average molar masses 637:667 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 637:688 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 9 5 theme SGC7901 1655:1661 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 5 theme SGC7901 1655:1661 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 2 6 theme molecular 512:520 arg1 characteristics 522:536 their molecular characteristics 506:536 their molecular characteristics 506:536 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 8 7 contain had 1529:1531 arg1 LSMS-2 1522:1527 LSMS-2 1522:1527 LSMS-2 1522:1527 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 8 7 contain had 1529:1531 arg2 capacity 1551:1558 better anticancer capacity 1533:1558 better anticancer capacity 1533:1558 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 8 8 theme polysaccharide 1296:1309 arg1 doses 1311:1315 refined polysaccharide doses 1288:1315 refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL 1288:1350 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 7 9 dep Fourier 1133:1139 arg1 transform 1141:1149 transform 1141:1149 transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions 1141:1202 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 0 10 theme Lentinus 141:148 arg1 Cultivation 174:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 11 theme gastric 1663:1669 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 11 theme gastric 1663:1669 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 8 12 theme human 1458:1462 arg1 lines 1475:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 3 13 theme × 734:734 arg1 g/mol 740:744 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol 712:744 g/mol 740:744 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 1 14 theme crude 218:222 arg1 % 253:253 16.73 ± 0.756% 240:253 16.73 ± 0.756% 240:253 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 1 14 theme crude 218:222 arg1 polysaccharide 224:237 crude polysaccharide 218:237 crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) 218:254 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 2 15 dep scattering 580:589 arg1 system 629:634 detector system 620:634 detector system 620:634 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 4 16 theme sphere-like 845:855 arg1 forms 857:861 sphere-like forms 845:861 sphere-like forms in aqueous solution 845:881 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 4 16 theme sphere-like 845:855 arg1 shapes 812:817 the molecular shapes 798:817 the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 798:838 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 8 17 theme cell 1470:1473 arg1 lines 1475:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 4 18 theme LSMS-2 833:838 arg1 forms 857:861 sphere-like forms 845:861 sphere-like forms in aqueous solution 845:881 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 4 18 theme LSMS-2 833:838 arg1 shapes 812:817 the molecular shapes 798:817 the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 798:838 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 9 19 theme histiocytic 1725:1735 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 19 theme histiocytic 1725:1735 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 5 20 theme Carbohydrate 884:895 arg1 analysis 909:916 Carbohydrate composition analysis 884:916 Carbohydrate composition analysis using chromatography--mass spectrometry 884:956 Carbohydrate composition analysis using chromatography--mass spectrometry revealed that they were both acid heteropolysaccharides. 28845769 2 21 theme exclusion 470:478 arg1 SEC 496:498 SEC 496:498 SEC 496:498 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 2 21 theme exclusion 470:478 arg1 chromatography 480:493 size exclusion chromatography 465:493 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 465:499 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 8 22 theme concentration-dependent 1486:1508 arg1 manner 1510:1515 a concentration-dependent manner 1484:1515 a concentration-dependent manner 1484:1515 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 1 23 theme edodes 316:321 arg1 substrate 294:302 the spent mushroom substrate 275:302 the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes 275:321 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 0 24 theme Spent 85:89 arg1 Substrate 91:99 the Spent Substrate 81:99 the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 81:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 0 25 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Substrate 91:99 the Spent Substrate 81:99 the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 81:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 2 26 theme detector 620:627 arg1 system 629:634 detector system 620:634 detector system 620:634 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 7 27 theme polysaccharide 1236:1249 arg1 groups 1251:1256 typical characteristic polysaccharide groups 1213:1256 typical characteristic polysaccharide groups 1213:1256 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 1 28 theme alkali 335:340 arg1 method 353:358 a hot alkali extraction method 329:358 a hot alkali extraction method 329:358 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 9 29 theme human 1771:1775 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 29 theme human 1771:1775 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 8 30 theme better 1533:1538 arg1 capacity 1551:1558 better anticancer capacity 1533:1558 better anticancer capacity 1533:1558 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 7 31 dep transform 1141:1149 arg1 infrared 1151:1158 infrared 1151:1158 transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions 1141:1202 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 2 32 theme refractive 603:612 arg1 index 614:618 refractive index 603:618 refractive index 603:618 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 2 33 theme polysaccharides 375:389 arg1 polysaccharides 375:389 polysaccharides 375:389 polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) 375:423 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 2 33 theme polysaccharides 375:389 arg1 groups 365:370 Two groups 361:370 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) 361:423 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 0 34 theme Culinary-Medicinal 113:130 arg1 Cultivation 174:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 0 35 theme Novel 49:53 arg1 Polysaccharides 60:74 Novel Acid Polysaccharides 49:74 Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 49:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 36 theme cell 1790:1793 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 36 theme cell 1790:1793 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 37 theme cell 1746:1749 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 37 theme cell 1746:1749 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 7 38 theme fractions 1194:1202 arg1 analysis 1169:1176 spectral analysis 1160:1176 spectral analysis of the purified fractions 1160:1202 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 9 39 theme inhibition 1586:1595 arg1 ratio 1597:1601 The inhibition ratio 1582:1601 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1582:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 0 40 theme Antiproliferative 21:37 arg1 Effect 39:44 Antiproliferative Effect 21:44 Antiproliferative Effect 21:44 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 5 41 theme chromatography--mass 924:943 arg1 spectrometry 945:956 chromatography--mass spectrometry 924:956 chromatography--mass spectrometry 924:956 Carbohydrate composition analysis using chromatography--mass spectrometry revealed that they were both acid heteropolysaccharides. 28845769 6 42 theme galacturonic 1051:1062 arg1 acid 1064:1067 galacturonic acid 1051:1067 galacturonic acid 1051:1067 LSMS-1 comprised mainly glucose and galacturonic acid, whereas LSMS-2 mainly consisted of xylose and glucuronic acid. 28845769 2 43 theme crude 448:452 arg1 extract 454:460 the crude extract 444:460 the crude extract 444:460 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 4 44 theme SEC/MALLS 765:773 arg1 analysis 775:782 The SEC/MALLS analysis 761:782 The SEC/MALLS analysis 761:782 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 1 45 theme mushroom 285:292 arg1 substrate 294:302 the spent mushroom substrate 275:302 the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes 275:321 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 8 46 theme antiproliferative 1414:1430 arg1 activity 1432:1439 antiproliferative activity 1414:1439 antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1414:1479 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 0 47 theme Acid 55:58 arg1 Polysaccharides 60:74 Novel Acid Polysaccharides 49:74 Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 49:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 48 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 48 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 48 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 48 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 48 theme human 1626:1630 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 3 49 theme molar 656:660 arg1 × 718:718 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol 712:744 × 718:718 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 3 49 theme molar 656:660 arg1 masses 662:667 The weight-average molar masses 637:667 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 637:688 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 1 50 theme polysaccharide 224:237 arg1 yield 209:213 a high yield 202:213 a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) 202:254 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 9 51 theme cancer 1637:1642 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 51 theme cancer 1637:1642 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 51 theme cancer 1637:1642 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 51 theme cancer 1637:1642 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 51 theme cancer 1637:1642 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 6 52 theme glucuronic 1116:1125 arg1 acid 1127:1130 glucuronic acid 1116:1130 glucuronic acid 1116:1130 LSMS-1 comprised mainly glucose and galacturonic acid, whereas LSMS-2 mainly consisted of xylose and glucuronic acid. 28845769 8 53 theme tested 1451:1456 arg1 lines 1475:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 1 54 theme 16.73 240:244 arg1 % 253:253 16.73 ± 0.756% 240:253 16.73 ± 0.756% 240:253 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 1 54 theme 16.73 240:244 arg1 polysaccharide 224:237 crude polysaccharide 218:237 crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) 218:254 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 8 55 with assays 1276:1281 arg1 doses 1311:1315 refined polysaccharide doses 1288:1315 refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL 1288:1350 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 2 56 theme laser-light 568:578 arg1 MALLS 592:596 MALLS 592:596 MALLS 592:596 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 2 56 theme laser-light 568:578 arg1 scattering 580:589 a multiangle laser-light scattering 555:589 a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) 555:597 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 9 57 theme cancer 1671:1676 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 57 theme cancer 1671:1676 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 4 58 theme molecular 802:810 arg1 forms 857:861 sphere-like forms 845:861 sphere-like forms in aqueous solution 845:881 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 4 58 theme molecular 802:810 arg1 shapes 812:817 the molecular shapes 798:817 the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 798:838 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 0 59 theme edodes 150:155 arg1 Cultivation 174:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 1 60 theme high 204:207 arg1 yield 209:213 a high yield 202:213 a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) 202:254 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 4 61 theme aqueous 866:872 arg1 solution 874:881 aqueous solution 866:881 aqueous solution 866:881 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 8 62 theme tumor 1464:1468 arg1 lines 1475:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 6 tested human tumor cell lines 1449:1479 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 8 63 theme refined 1288:1294 arg1 doses 1311:1315 refined polysaccharide doses 1288:1315 refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL 1288:1350 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 0 64 theme Agaricomycetes 158:171 arg1 Cultivation 174:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 65 theme MCF-7 1689:1693 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 65 theme MCF-7 1689:1693 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 7 66 theme characteristic 1221:1234 arg1 groups 1251:1256 typical characteristic polysaccharide groups 1213:1256 typical characteristic polysaccharide groups 1213:1256 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 0 67 theme Cultivation 174:184 arg1 Substrate 91:99 the Spent Substrate 81:99 the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 81:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 68 theme breast 1695:1700 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 68 theme breast 1695:1700 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 69 theme U937 1720:1723 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 69 theme U937 1720:1723 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 70 theme µg/mL 1892:1896 arg1 concentration 1871:1883 a concentration 1869:1883 a concentration of 400 µg/mL 1869:1896 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 4 71 from forms 857:861 arg1 solution 874:881 aqueous solution 866:881 aqueous solution 866:881 The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular shapes of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were sphere-like forms in aqueous solution. 28845769 9 72 theme lymphoma 1737:1744 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 72 theme lymphoma 1737:1744 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 2 73 theme size 465:468 arg1 SEC 496:498 SEC 496:498 SEC 496:498 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 2 73 theme size 465:468 arg1 chromatography 480:493 size exclusion chromatography 465:493 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 465:499 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 0 74 from Effect 39:44 arg1 Substrate 91:99 the Spent Substrate 81:99 the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 81:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 75 theme cancer 1702:1707 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 75 theme cancer 1702:1707 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 0 76 from Substrate 91:99 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 0 76 from Substrate 91:99 arg1 Effect 39:44 Antiproliferative Effect 21:44 Antiproliferative Effect 21:44 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 0 76 from Substrate 91:99 arg1 Polysaccharides 60:74 Novel Acid Polysaccharides 49:74 Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 49:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 0 77 theme Shiitake 104:111 arg1 Cultivation 174:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 1 78 theme hot 331:333 arg1 method 353:358 a hot alkali extraction method 329:358 a hot alkali extraction method 329:358 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 9 79 theme MG-63 1765:1769 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 79 theme MG-63 1765:1769 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 8 80 theme anticancer 1540:1549 arg1 capacity 1551:1558 better anticancer capacity 1533:1558 better anticancer capacity 1533:1558 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 0 81 theme Mushroom 132:139 arg1 Cultivation 174:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation 104:184 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 1 82 theme extraction 342:351 arg1 method 353:358 a hot alkali extraction method 329:358 a hot alkali extraction method 329:358 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 9 83 theme osteosarcoma 1777:1788 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 83 theme osteosarcoma 1777:1788 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 8 84 theme µg/mL 1346:1350 arg1 doses 1311:1315 refined polysaccharide doses 1288:1315 refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL 1288:1350 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 7 85 theme purified 1185:1192 arg1 fractions 1194:1202 the purified fractions 1181:1202 the purified fractions 1181:1202 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 5 86 theme composition 897:907 arg1 analysis 909:916 Carbohydrate composition analysis 884:916 Carbohydrate composition analysis using chromatography--mass spectrometry 884:956 Carbohydrate composition analysis using chromatography--mass spectrometry revealed that they were both acid heteropolysaccharides. 28845769 2 87 dep polysaccharides 375:389 arg1 designated 392:401 designated 392:401 designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 392:422 Two groups of polysaccharides (designated as LSMS-1 and LSMS-2) were obtained from the crude extract by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector system. 28845769 7 88 theme spectral 1160:1167 arg1 analysis 1169:1176 spectral analysis 1160:1176 spectral analysis of the purified fractions 1160:1202 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 1 89 theme spent 279:283 arg1 substrate 294:302 the spent mushroom substrate 275:302 the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes 275:321 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 9 90 theme LSMS-2 1606:1611 arg1 ratio 1597:1601 The inhibition ratio 1582:1601 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1582:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 8 91 theme polysaccharide 1379:1392 arg1 fractions 1394:1402 the polysaccharide fractions 1375:1402 the polysaccharide fractions 1375:1402 In addition, MTT assays with refined polysaccharide doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/mL suggested that both of the polysaccharide fractions exhibited antiproliferative activity against 6 tested human tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and LSMS-2 had better anticancer capacity in vitro than LSMS-1. 28845769 7 92 theme typical 1213:1219 arg1 groups 1251:1256 typical characteristic polysaccharide groups 1213:1256 typical characteristic polysaccharide groups 1213:1256 Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis of the purified fractions revealed typical characteristic polysaccharide groups. 28845769 0 93 theme Polysaccharides 60:74 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 0 93 theme Polysaccharides 60:74 arg1 Effect 39:44 Antiproliferative Effect 21:44 Antiproliferative Effect 21:44 Characterization and Antiproliferative Effect of Novel Acid Polysaccharides from the Spent Substrate of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) Cultivation. 28845769 9 94 theme A549 1621:1624 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 94 theme A549 1621:1624 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 94 theme A549 1621:1624 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 94 theme A549 1621:1624 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 94 theme A549 1621:1624 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 3 95 theme weight-average 641:654 arg1 × 718:718 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol 712:744 × 718:718 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 3 95 theme weight-average 641:654 arg1 masses 662:667 The weight-average molar masses 637:667 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 637:688 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 1 96 theme Lentinus 307:314 arg1 edodes 316:321 Lentinus edodes 307:321 Lentinus edodes 307:321 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 9 97 theme lung 1632:1635 arg1 cells 1709:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 MCF-7 breast cancer cells 1689:1713 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 97 theme lung 1632:1635 arg1 line 1683:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line 1651:1686 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 97 theme lung 1632:1635 arg1 cells 1644:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 A549 human lung cancer cells 1621:1648 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 97 theme lung 1632:1635 arg1 line 1795:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line 1761:1798 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 9 97 theme lung 1632:1635 arg1 line 1751:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line 1716:1754 The inhibition ratio of LSMS-2 against A549 human lung cancer cells, the SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line, and the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line reached 43.55%, 29.97%, 19.63%, 18.24%, and 17.93%, respectively, at a concentration of 400 µg/mL. 28845769 5 98 theme acid 987:990 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 992:1012 both acid heteropolysaccharides 982:1012 both acid heteropolysaccharides 982:1012 Carbohydrate composition analysis using chromatography--mass spectrometry revealed that they were both acid heteropolysaccharides. 28845769 3 99 theme LSMS-1 672:677 arg1 × 718:718 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol 712:744 × 718:718 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 3 99 theme LSMS-1 672:677 arg1 masses 662:667 The weight-average molar masses 637:667 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 637:688 The weight-average molar masses of LSMS-1 and LSMS-2 were determined to be 6.842 × 106 and 2.154 × 106 g/mol, respectively. 28845769 1 100 theme ± 246:246 arg1 % 253:253 16.73 ± 0.756% 240:253 16.73 ± 0.756% 240:253 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 28845769 1 100 theme ± 246:246 arg1 polysaccharide 224:237 crude polysaccharide 218:237 crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) 218:254 In this study, a high yield of crude polysaccharide (16.73 ± 0.756%) was extracted from the spent mushroom substrate of Lentinus edodes using a hot alkali extraction method. 25542176 2 0 theme response 445:452 arg1 methodology 462:472 a response surface methodology 443:472 a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design 443:514 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 9 1 theme food 1358:1361 arg1 industries 1363:1372 the medical and food industries 1342:1372 the medical and food industries 1342:1372 Overall, LMPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries. 25542176 2 2 theme processing 364:373 arg1 parameters 375:384 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters 323:384 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters 323:384 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 4 3 theme polynomial 747:756 arg1 equation 758:765 a quadratic polynomial equation 735:765 a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis 735:800 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 1 4 theme item 164:167 arg1 Hua 178:180 the item Shan Yin Hua 160:180 the item Shan Yin Hua 160:180 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 2 5 theme composite 489:497 arg1 design 509:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 3 6 dep material 665:672 arg1 weight 674:679 weight 674:679 raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4) 661:695 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 6 dep material 665:672 arg1 ratio 686:690 W/M ratio 682:690 W/M ratio 682:690 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 1 7 from industry 277:284 arg1 China 289:293 China 289:293 China 289:293 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 2 8 with methodology 462:472 arg1 design 509:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 1 9 dep macranthoides 135:147 arg1 belong 150:155 belong 150:155 belong to the item Shan Yin Hua 150:180 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 10 theme additive 241:248 arg1 food 259:262 healthy food 251:262 healthy food 251:262 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 2 11 theme central 481:487 arg1 design 509:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 2 12 from effects 312:318 arg1 yield 393:397 the yield 389:397 the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs) 389:440 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 9 13 theme medical 1346:1352 arg1 industries 1363:1372 the medical and food industries 1342:1372 the medical and food industries 1342:1372 Overall, LMPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries. 25542176 3 14 theme water 645:649 arg1 volume 651:656 water volume 645:656 water volume 645:656 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 1 15 theme Shan 169:172 arg1 Hua 178:180 the item Shan Yin Hua 160:180 the item Shan Yin Hua 160:180 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 6 16 theme optimal 956:962 arg1 conditions 964:973 the optimal conditions 952:973 the optimal conditions 952:973 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 2 17 theme macranthoides 405:417 arg1 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 2 17 theme macranthoides 405:417 arg1 polysaccharides 419:433 L. macranthoides polysaccharides 402:433 L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs) 402:440 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 1 18 theme Yin 174:176 arg1 Hua 178:180 the item Shan Yin Hua 160:180 the item Shan Yin Hua 160:180 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 0 19 theme extraction 11:20 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasonic extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. 0:39 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. macranthoides polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties. 25542176 3 20 dep ratio 686:690 arg1 X4 693:694 X4 693:694 X4 693:694 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 4 21 theme quadratic 737:745 arg1 equation 758:765 a quadratic polynomial equation 735:765 a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis 735:800 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 3 22 theme raw 661:663 arg1 material 665:672 raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4) 661:695 raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4) 661:695 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 23 theme independent 535:545 arg1 variables 547:555 Four independent variables 530:555 Four independent variables 530:555 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 9 24 contain have 1311:1314 arg2 applications 1326:1337 potential applications 1316:1337 potential applications 1316:1337 Overall, LMPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries. 25542176 9 24 contain have 1311:1314 arg1 LMPs 1302:1305 LMPs 1302:1305 LMPs 1302:1305 Overall, LMPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries. 25542176 0 25 theme Ultrasonic 0:9 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasonic extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. 0:39 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. macranthoides polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties. 25542176 1 26 theme healthy 251:257 arg1 food 259:262 healthy food 251:262 healthy food 251:262 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 27 from food 259:262 arg1 China 289:293 China 289:293 China 289:293 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 28 theme dried 111:115 arg1 materials 206:214 raw materials 202:214 raw materials 202:214 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 28 theme dried 111:115 arg1 buds 124:127 The dried flower buds 107:127 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, 107:181 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 6 29 theme statistical 1083:1093 arg1 model 1095:1099 the statistical model 1079:1099 the statistical model 1079:1099 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 2 30 theme L. 402:403 arg1 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 LMPs 436:439 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 2 30 theme L. 402:403 arg1 polysaccharides 419:433 L. macranthoides polysaccharides 402:433 L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs) 402:440 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 1 31 theme flower 117:122 arg1 materials 206:214 raw materials 202:214 raw materials 202:214 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 31 theme flower 117:122 arg1 buds 124:127 The dried flower buds 107:127 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, 107:181 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 8 32 contain had 1208:1210 arg2 capacities 1230:1239 strong scavenging capacities 1212:1239 strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1212:1290 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 8 32 contain had 1208:1210 arg1 LMPs 1203:1206 LMPs 1203:1206 LMPs 1203:1206 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 ratio 636:640 the ratio 632:640 the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4) 632:695 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 temperature 599:609 temperature 599:609 temperature (X2) 599:614 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 X3 623:624 X3 623:624 X3 623:624 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 X2 612:613 X2 612:613 X2 612:613 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 power 587:591 ultrasonic power 576:591 ultrasonic power (X1) 576:596 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 X1 594:595 X1 594:595 X1 594:595 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 33 theme volume 651:656 arg1 time 617:620 time 617:620 time (X3) 617:625 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 W 898:898 113.6 W 892:898 113.6 W 892:898 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 X3 913:914 X3 913:914 X3 913:914 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 conditions 871:880 The optimum conditions 859:880 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 859:944 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 X2 901:902 X2 901:902 X2 901:902 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 X1 888:889 X1 888:889 X1 888:889 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 71.5°C 905:910 71.5°C 905:910 71.5°C 905:910 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 34 theme optimum 863:869 arg1 X4 931:932 X4 931:932 X4 931:932 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 9 35 theme potential 1316:1324 arg1 applications 1326:1337 potential applications 1316:1337 potential applications 1316:1337 Overall, LMPs may have potential applications in the medical and food industries. 25542176 1 36 theme cosmetic 268:275 arg1 industry 277:284 cosmetic industry 268:284 cosmetic industry 268:284 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 4 37 theme statistical 838:848 arg1 methods 850:856 appropriate statistical methods 826:856 appropriate statistical methods 826:856 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 4 38 theme experimental 702:713 arg1 data 715:718 The experimental data 698:718 The experimental data 698:718 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 8 39 dep In 1167:1168 arg1 vitro 1170:1174 vitro 1170:1174 vitro 1170:1174 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 0 40 theme L. 38:39 arg1 optimization 22:33 Ultrasonic extraction optimization 0:33 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. 0:39 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. macranthoides polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties. 25542176 3 41 theme W/M 682:684 arg1 weight 674:679 weight 674:679 raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4) 661:695 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 41 theme W/M 682:684 arg1 ratio 686:690 W/M ratio 682:690 W/M ratio 682:690 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 2 42 theme rotatable 499:507 arg1 design 509:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 a central composite rotatable design 479:514 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 8 43 theme DPPH 1253:1256 arg1 radicals 1283:1290 the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1249:1290 radicals 1283:1290 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 1 44 used used 194:197 arg2 buds 124:127 The dried flower buds 107:127 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, 107:181 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 44 used used 194:197 arg2 materials 206:214 raw materials 202:214 raw materials 202:214 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 2 45 theme parameters 375:384 arg1 effects 312:318 the effects 308:318 the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs) 308:440 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 4 46 theme appropriate 826:836 arg1 methods 850:856 appropriate statistical methods 826:856 appropriate statistical methods 826:856 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 6 47 theme close 1035:1039 arg1 agreement 1041:1049 close agreement 1035:1049 close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model 1035:1099 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 4 48 theme regression 782:791 arg1 analysis 793:800 multiple regression analysis 773:800 multiple regression analysis 773:800 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 8 49 theme hydroxyl 1259:1266 arg1 radicals 1283:1290 the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1249:1290 radicals 1283:1290 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 4 50 theme multiple 773:780 arg1 analysis 793:800 multiple regression analysis 773:800 multiple regression analysis 773:800 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 25542176 3 51 theme ultrasonic 576:585 arg1 X1 594:595 X1 594:595 X1 594:595 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 51 theme ultrasonic 576:585 arg1 power 587:591 ultrasonic power 576:591 ultrasonic power (X1) 576:596 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 1 52 theme macranthoides 135:147 arg1 materials 206:214 raw materials 202:214 raw materials 202:214 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 52 theme macranthoides 135:147 arg1 buds 124:127 The dried flower buds 107:127 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, 107:181 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 6 53 theme extraction 980:989 arg1 yield 991:995 the extraction yield 976:995 the extraction yield of LMPs 976:1003 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 6 53 theme extraction 980:989 arg1 % 1020:1020 (4.81±0.12)% 1009:1020 (4.81±0.12)% 1009:1020 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 1 54 theme raw 202:204 arg1 materials 206:214 raw materials 202:214 raw materials 202:214 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 1 54 theme raw 202:204 arg1 buds 124:127 The dried flower buds 107:127 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, 107:181 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 25542176 6 55 theme LMPs 1000:1003 arg1 yield 991:995 the extraction yield 976:995 the extraction yield of LMPs 976:1003 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 6 55 theme LMPs 1000:1003 arg1 % 1020:1020 (4.81±0.12)% 1009:1020 (4.81±0.12)% 1009:1020 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 8 56 theme superoxide 1272:1281 arg1 radicals 1283:1290 the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1249:1290 radicals 1283:1290 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 6 57 theme 4.81±0.12 1010:1018 arg1 yield 991:995 the extraction yield 976:995 the extraction yield of LMPs 976:1003 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 6 57 theme 4.81±0.12 1010:1018 arg1 % 1020:1020 (4.81±0.12)% 1009:1020 (4.81±0.12)% 1009:1020 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 2 58 theme ultrasonic-assisted 327:345 arg1 UAE 359:361 UAE 359:361 UAE 359:361 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 2 58 theme ultrasonic-assisted 327:345 arg1 extraction 347:356 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction 323:356 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters 323:384 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 W 898:898 113.6 W 892:898 113.6 W 892:898 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 X3 913:914 X3 913:914 X3 913:914 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 conditions 871:880 The optimum conditions 859:880 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 859:944 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 min 922:924 54.7 min 917:924 54.7 min 917:924 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 mL/g 940:943 30.7 mL/g 935:943 30.7 mL/g 935:943 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 X2 901:902 X2 901:902 X2 901:902 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 X1 888:889 X1 888:889 X1 888:889 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 71.5°C 905:910 71.5°C 905:910 71.5°C 905:910 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 5 59 dep conditions 871:880 arg1 X4 931:932 X4 931:932 X4 931:932 The optimum conditions were: X1, 113.6 W; X2, 71.5°C; X3, 54.7 min; and X4, 30.7 mL/g. 25542176 0 60 theme physicochemical 79:93 arg1 properties 95:104 its physicochemical properties 75:104 its physicochemical properties 75:104 Ultrasonic extraction optimization of L. macranthoides polysaccharides and its physicochemical properties. 25542176 8 61 theme In 1167:1168 arg1 experiments 1176:1186 In vitro experiments 1167:1186 In vitro experiments 1167:1186 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 8 62 theme scavenging 1219:1228 arg1 capacities 1230:1239 strong scavenging capacities 1212:1239 strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1212:1290 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 2 63 theme extraction 347:356 arg1 parameters 375:384 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters 323:384 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters 323:384 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 ratio 636:640 the ratio 632:640 the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4) 632:695 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 temperature 599:609 temperature 599:609 temperature (X2) 599:614 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 X3 623:624 X3 623:624 X3 623:624 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 X2 612:613 X2 612:613 X2 612:613 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 power 587:591 ultrasonic power 576:591 ultrasonic power (X1) 576:596 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 X1 594:595 X1 594:595 X1 594:595 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 3 64 dep investigated 562:573 arg1 time 617:620 time 617:620 time (X3) 617:625 Four independent variables were investigated: ultrasonic power (X1), temperature (X2), time (X3), and the ratio of water volume to raw material weight (W/M ratio, X4). 25542176 6 65 with agreement 1041:1049 arg1 value 1060:1064 the value 1056:1064 the value predicted by the statistical model 1056:1099 Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of LMPs was (4.81±0.12)%, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the statistical model. 25542176 2 66 theme surface 454:460 arg1 methodology 462:472 a response surface methodology 443:472 a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design 443:514 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 8 67 theme strong 1212:1217 arg1 capacities 1230:1239 strong scavenging capacities 1212:1239 strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 1212:1290 In vitro experiments indicated that LMPs had strong scavenging capacities towards the DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. 25542176 2 68 theme polysaccharides 419:433 arg1 yield 393:397 the yield 389:397 the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs) 389:440 To optimize the effects of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) processing parameters on the yield of L. macranthoides polysaccharides (LMPs), a response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design was employed. 25542176 1 69 theme pharmaceutical 220:233 arg1 food 259:262 healthy food 251:262 healthy food 251:262 The dried flower buds of L. macranthoides, belong to the item Shan Yin Hua, are widely used as raw materials for pharmaceutical, food additive, healthy food and cosmetic industry in China. 26189104 6 0 dep radicals 917:924 arg1 value 932:936 IC50 value 927:936 IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL 927:952 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 6 1 theme artificial 974:983 arg1 juice 999:1003 artificial human gastric juice 974:1003 artificial human gastric juice 974:1003 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 0 2 from Characterization 11:26 arg1 Wastewater 89:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 6 3 theme human 985:989 arg1 juice 999:1003 artificial human gastric juice 974:1003 artificial human gastric juice 974:1003 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 2 4 theme dry 305:307 arg1 matter 309:314 the dry matter 301:314 the dry matter of OMWW 301:322 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 6 5 theme μg/mL 897:901 arg1 value 882:886 IC50 value 877:886 IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL 877:901 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 3 6 theme % 431:431 arg1 yields 416:421 yields 416:421 yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) 416:453 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 2 7 theme residue 267:273 arg1 % 290:290 20.5 % 285:290 20.5 % 285:290 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 2 7 theme residue 267:273 arg1 yield 240:244 The yield 236:244 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) 236:279 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 5 8 theme fractions 738:746 arg1 activities 708:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities 682:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW 682:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 5 9 from activities 708:717 arg1 OMWW 753:756 OMWW 753:756 OMWW 753:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 5 10 theme polysaccharidic 722:736 arg1 fractions 738:746 polysaccharidic fractions 722:746 polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW 722:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 4 11 theme Chemical 494:501 arg1 composition 503:513 Chemical composition 494:513 Chemical composition 494:513 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 2 12 theme insoluble 257:265 arg1 residue 267:273 alcohol insoluble residue 249:273 alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) 249:279 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 2 12 theme insoluble 257:265 arg1 AIR 276:278 AIR 276:278 AIR 276:278 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 1 13 theme olive 157:161 arg1 oil 163:165 olive oil 157:165 olive oil extraction process 157:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 2 14 theme alcohol 249:255 arg1 residue 267:273 alcohol insoluble residue 249:273 alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) 249:279 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 2 14 theme alcohol 249:255 arg1 AIR 276:278 AIR 276:278 AIR 276:278 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 1 15 theme oil 163:165 arg1 process 178:184 olive oil extraction process 157:184 olive oil extraction process 157:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 5 16 theme Prebiotic 682:690 arg1 activities 708:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities 682:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW 682:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 0 17 from Activities 43:52 arg1 Wastewater 89:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 3 18 dep soluble 358:364 arg1 WIF 387:389 WIF 387:389 WIF 387:389 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 3 18 dep soluble 358:364 arg1 WSF 367:369 WSF 367:369 WSF 367:369 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 3 19 from AIR 407:409 arg1 fractions 392:400 water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions 352:400 water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) 352:453 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 1 20 theme Olive 101:105 arg1 product 146:152 the main waste product 131:152 the main waste product of olive oil extraction process 131:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 20 theme Olive 101:105 arg1 OMWW 124:127 OMWW 124:127 OMWW 124:127 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 20 theme Olive 101:105 arg1 wastewater 112:121 Olive mill wastewater 101:121 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) 101:128 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 20 theme Olive 101:105 arg1 source 209:214 a source 207:214 a source of polysaccharides 207:233 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 21 theme extraction 167:176 arg1 process 178:184 olive oil extraction process 157:184 olive oil extraction process 157:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 0 22 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 1 23 theme mill 107:110 arg1 product 146:152 the main waste product 131:152 the main waste product of olive oil extraction process 131:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 23 theme mill 107:110 arg1 OMWW 124:127 OMWW 124:127 OMWW 124:127 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 23 theme mill 107:110 arg1 wastewater 112:121 Olive mill wastewater 101:121 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) 101:128 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 23 theme mill 107:110 arg1 source 209:214 a source 207:214 a source of polysaccharides 207:233 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 24 theme process 178:184 arg1 wastewater 112:121 Olive mill wastewater 101:121 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) 101:128 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 24 theme process 178:184 arg1 product 146:152 the main waste product 131:152 the main waste product of olive oil extraction process 131:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 0 25 theme Biological 32:41 arg1 Activities 43:52 Biological Activities 32:52 Biological Activities 32:52 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 6 26 theme IC50 877:880 arg1 value 882:886 IC50 value 877:886 IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL 877:901 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 3 27 theme % 447:447 arg1 yields 416:421 yields 416:421 yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) 416:453 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 3 28 with Extraction 325:334 arg1 water 341:345 water 341:345 water 341:345 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 6 29 dep 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle 837:867 arg1 value 882:886 IC50 value 877:886 IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL 877:901 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 4 30 theme main 574:577 arg1 monosaccharide 579:592 the main monosaccharide 570:592 the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid 570:679 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 4 30 theme main 574:577 arg1 glucose 558:564 glucose 558:564 glucose 558:564 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 1 31 theme main 135:138 arg1 wastewater 112:121 Olive mill wastewater 101:121 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) 101:128 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 31 theme main 135:138 arg1 product 146:152 the main waste product 131:152 the main waste product of olive oil extraction process 131:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 3 32 theme soluble 358:364 arg1 fractions 392:400 water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions 352:400 water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) 352:453 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 0 33 from Wastewater 89:98 arg1 Polysaccharides 57:71 Polysaccharides 57:71 Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater 57:98 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 0 33 from Wastewater 89:98 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 0 33 from Wastewater 89:98 arg1 Activities 43:52 Biological Activities 32:52 Biological Activities 32:52 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 6 34 theme μg/mL 948:952 arg1 value 932:936 IC50 value 927:936 IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL 927:952 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 4 35 theme monosaccharide 519:532 arg1 analysis 534:541 monosaccharide analysis 519:541 monosaccharide analysis 519:541 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 3 36 with fractions 392:400 arg1 yields 416:421 yields 416:421 yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) 416:453 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 3 37 theme dry 468:470 arg1 matter 472:477 the dry matter 464:477 the dry matter 464:477 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 5 38 theme antioxidant 696:706 arg1 activities 708:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities 682:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW 682:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 6 39 theme gastric 991:997 arg1 juice 999:1003 artificial human gastric juice 974:1003 artificial human gastric juice 974:1003 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 0 40 theme Polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 Characterization 11:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization 0:26 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 0 40 theme Polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 Activities 43:52 Biological Activities 32:52 Biological Activities 32:52 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 6 41 theme scavenging 806:815 arg1 capacity 817:824 their scavenging capacity 800:824 their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL) 800:953 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 4 42 theme galacturonic 663:674 arg1 acid 676:679 galacturonic acid 663:679 galacturonic acid 663:679 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 6 43 theme Lactobacilli 1037:1048 arg1 strains 1050:1056 Lactobacilli strains 1037:1056 Lactobacilli strains 1037:1056 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 4 44 theme extracts 603:610 arg1 monosaccharide 579:592 the main monosaccharide 570:592 the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid 570:679 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 4 44 theme extracts 603:610 arg1 glucose 558:564 glucose 558:564 glucose 558:564 Chemical composition and monosaccharide analysis indicated that glucose was the main monosaccharide of these extracts in addition to galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid. 26189104 0 45 theme Mill 84:87 arg1 Wastewater 89:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 6 46 theme IC50 927:930 arg1 value 932:936 IC50 value 927:936 IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL 927:952 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 2 47 theme OMWW 319:322 arg1 matter 309:314 the dry matter 301:314 the dry matter of OMWW 301:322 The yield of alcohol insoluble residue (AIR) was 20.5 % based on the dry matter of OMWW. 26189104 3 48 theme insoluble 376:384 arg1 fractions 392:400 water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions 352:400 water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) 352:453 Extraction with water gave water soluble (WSF) and insoluble (WIF) fractions from AIR with yields of 13.3 % (w/w) and 3.7 % (w/w) based on the dry matter, respectively. 26189104 6 49 theme hydroxyl 908:915 arg1 radicals 917:924 hydroxyl radicals 908:924 hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL) 908:953 Results gave evidence for their scavenging capacity toward the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) (IC50 value of 89.43 μg/mL) and hydroxyl radicals (IC50 value of 158.70 μg/mL), resistance toward artificial human gastric juice, and ability to be fermented by Lactobacilli strains. 26189104 0 50 theme Olive 78:82 arg1 Wastewater 89:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Olive Mill Wastewater 78:98 Structural Characterization and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Olive Mill Wastewater. 26189104 5 51 from OMWW 753:756 arg1 fractions 738:746 polysaccharidic fractions 722:746 polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW 722:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 5 51 from OMWW 753:756 arg1 activities 708:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities 682:717 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW 682:756 Prebiotic and antioxidant activities of polysaccharidic fractions from OMWW were evaluated. 26189104 1 52 theme waste 140:144 arg1 wastewater 112:121 Olive mill wastewater 101:121 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) 101:128 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 52 theme waste 140:144 arg1 product 146:152 the main waste product 131:152 the main waste product of olive oil extraction process 131:184 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 53 theme polysaccharides 219:233 arg1 wastewater 112:121 Olive mill wastewater 101:121 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) 101:128 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 26189104 1 53 theme polysaccharides 219:233 arg1 source 209:214 a source 207:214 a source of polysaccharides 207:233 Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the main waste product of olive oil extraction process, was investigated as a source of polysaccharides. 25659703 10 0 theme heteropolysaccharide 1189:1208 arg1 characteristics 1170:1184 the typical characteristics 1158:1184 the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide 1158:1208 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 revealed the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide. 25659703 7 1 theme kDa 886:888 arg1 weight 870:875 a molecular weight 858:875 a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa 858:888 The results demonstrated that APPS1-2 was a neutral glycoconjugate with a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa. 25659703 6 2 theme chemical 539:546 arg1 compositions 548:559 chemical compositions 539:559 chemical compositions 539:559 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 3 dep H 782:782 arg1 1 780:780 1 780:780 1 780:780 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 10 4 theme typical 1162:1168 arg1 characteristics 1170:1184 the typical characteristics 1158:1184 the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide 1158:1208 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 revealed the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide. 25659703 4 5 theme fractions 373:381 arg1 activities 355:364 The hypoglycemic activities 338:364 The hypoglycemic activities of all fractions 338:381 The hypoglycemic activities of all fractions were determined by α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. 25659703 6 6 theme liquid 614:619 arg1 chromatography 621:634 high-performance liquid chromatography 597:634 high-performance liquid chromatography 597:634 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 8 7 theme molar 963:967 arg1 ratio 969:973 a relative molar ratio 952:973 a relative molar ratio of 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35 952:996 It comprised rhamnose, glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a relative molar ratio of 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35. 25659703 2 8 from bodies 204:209 arg1 APPS 180:183 the crude polysaccharide (APPS) 154:184 the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot 154:220 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 3 9 theme gel 318:320 arg1 chromatography 322:335 Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography 304:335 Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography 304:335 was isolated and fractionated by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. 25659703 6 10 theme infrared 734:741 arg1 spectroscopy 743:754 infrared spectroscopy 734:754 infrared spectroscopy 734:754 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 11 dep properties 524:533 arg1 The 520:522 The 520:522 The 520:522 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 8 12 theme relative 954:961 arg1 ratio 969:973 a relative molar ratio 952:973 a relative molar ratio of 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35 952:996 It comprised rhamnose, glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a relative molar ratio of 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35. 25659703 7 13 theme molecular 860:868 arg1 weight 870:875 a molecular weight 858:875 a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa 858:888 The results demonstrated that APPS1-2 was a neutral glycoconjugate with a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa. 25659703 0 14 dep Armeniaca 105:113 arg1 L. 124:125 Armeniaca sibirica L. 105:125 Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam. 105:130 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 0 14 dep Armeniaca 105:113 arg1 Lam 127:129 Lam 127:129 Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam. 105:130 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 11 15 contain contained 1249:1257 arg2 α-configurations 1259:1274 α-configurations 1259:1274 α-configurations 1259:1274 (1)H NMR spectrum showed that APPS1-2 contained α-configurations. 25659703 11 15 contain contained 1249:1257 arg1 APPS1-2 1241:1247 APPS1-2 1241:1247 APPS1-2 1241:1247 (1)H NMR spectrum showed that APPS1-2 contained α-configurations. 25659703 6 16 theme high-performance 597:612 arg1 chromatography 621:634 high-performance liquid chromatography 597:634 high-performance liquid chromatography 597:634 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 4 17 theme hypoglycemic 342:353 arg1 activities 355:364 The hypoglycemic activities 338:364 The hypoglycemic activities of all fractions 338:381 The hypoglycemic activities of all fractions were determined by α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. 25659703 6 18 theme UV 717:718 arg1 spectroscopy 720:731 UV spectroscopy 717:731 UV spectroscopy 717:731 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 2 19 dep L. 242:243 arg1 Lam 245:247 Lam 245:247 Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam. 223:248 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 6 20 theme permeation 641:650 arg1 scattering 694:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering 637:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 7 21 with glycoconjugate 838:851 arg1 weight 870:875 a molecular weight 858:875 a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa 858:888 The results demonstrated that APPS1-2 was a neutral glycoconjugate with a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa. 25659703 2 22 theme polysaccharide 164:177 arg1 APPS 180:183 the crude polysaccharide (APPS) 154:184 the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot 154:220 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 8 23 theme 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35 978:996 arg1 ratio 969:973 a relative molar ratio 952:973 a relative molar ratio of 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35 952:996 It comprised rhamnose, glucose, mannose, and galactose, with a relative molar ratio of 1.34:2.01:0.48:0.35. 25659703 7 24 theme neutral 830:836 arg1 APPS1-2 816:822 APPS1-2 816:822 APPS1-2 816:822 The results demonstrated that APPS1-2 was a neutral glycoconjugate with a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa. 25659703 7 24 theme neutral 830:836 arg1 glycoconjugate 838:851 a neutral glycoconjugate 828:851 a neutral glycoconjugate with a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa 828:888 The results demonstrated that APPS1-2 was a neutral glycoconjugate with a molecular weight of 25.93 kDa. 25659703 0 25 theme structural 17:26 arg1 characterization 28:43 structural characterization 17:43 structural characterization 17:43 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 9 26 theme APPS1-2 1015:1021 arg1 backbone 1003:1010 The backbone 999:1010 The backbone of APPS1-2 999:1021 The backbone of APPS1-2 may consist of rhamnose and glucose, but its branches may consist of mannose and galactose. 25659703 6 27 theme light 688:692 arg1 scattering 694:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering 637:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 28 theme scattering 694:703 arg1 instrument 705:714 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 29 theme fraction 569:576 arg1 properties 524:533 properties 524:533 properties 524:533 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 29 theme fraction 569:576 arg1 compositions 548:559 chemical compositions 539:559 chemical compositions 539:559 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 0 30 from apricot 96:102 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 0 30 from apricot 96:102 arg1 characterization 28:43 structural characterization 17:43 structural characterization 17:43 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 2 31 theme apricot 214:220 arg1 bodies 204:209 the fruiting bodies 191:209 the fruiting bodies of apricot 191:220 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 5 32 theme best 478:481 arg1 activity 483:490 the best activity 474:490 the best activity 474:490 The fraction APPS1-2 showed the best activity with an IC50 of 6.06 mg/mL. 25659703 2 33 theme crude 158:162 arg1 APPS 180:183 the crude polysaccharide (APPS) 154:184 the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot 154:220 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 0 34 theme inhibitory 65:74 arg1 polysaccharide 76:89 an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide 48:89 an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide 48:89 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 10 35 theme IR 1119:1120 arg1 spectrum 1129:1136 The IR and UV spectrum 1115:1136 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 1115:1147 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 revealed the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide. 25659703 11 36 theme H 1214:1214 arg1 spectrum 1220:1227 (1)H NMR spectrum 1211:1227 (1)H NMR spectrum 1211:1227 (1)H NMR spectrum showed that APPS1-2 contained α-configurations. 25659703 0 37 theme polysaccharide 76:89 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 0 37 theme polysaccharide 76:89 arg1 characterization 28:43 structural characterization 17:43 structural characterization 17:43 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 0 38 theme α-glucosidase 51:63 arg1 polysaccharide 76:89 an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide 48:89 an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide 48:89 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 11 39 theme NMR 1216:1218 arg1 spectrum 1220:1227 (1)H NMR spectrum 1211:1227 (1)H NMR spectrum 1211:1227 (1)H NMR spectrum showed that APPS1-2 contained α-configurations. 25659703 4 40 theme inhibitory 416:425 arg1 activity 427:434 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 402:434 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 402:434 The hypoglycemic activities of all fractions were determined by α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. 25659703 2 41 theme fruiting 195:202 arg1 bodies 204:209 the fruiting bodies 191:209 the fruiting bodies of apricot 191:220 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 6 42 theme laser 682:686 arg1 scattering 694:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering 637:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 4 43 theme α-glucosidase 402:414 arg1 activity 427:434 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 402:434 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 402:434 The hypoglycemic activities of all fractions were determined by α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. 25659703 6 44 theme angle 676:680 arg1 scattering 694:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering 637:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 10 45 theme APPS1-2 1141:1147 arg1 spectrum 1129:1136 The IR and UV spectrum 1115:1136 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 1115:1147 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 revealed the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide. 25659703 6 46 theme NMR 761:763 arg1 H 782:782 (1)H 779:782 (1)H 779:782 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 46 theme NMR 761:763 arg1 spectroscopy 765:776 NMR spectroscopy 761:776 NMR spectroscopy ((1)H) 761:783 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 6 47 theme chromatography-eighteen 652:674 arg1 scattering 694:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering 637:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 2 48 dep APPS 180:183 arg1 study 147:151 this study 142:151 this study 142:151 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 2 48 dep APPS 180:183 arg1 L. 242:243 L. 242:243 L. 242:243 In this study, the crude polysaccharide (APPS) from the fruiting bodies of apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 3 49 theme Sephadex 304:311 arg1 chromatography 322:335 Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography 304:335 Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography 304:335 was isolated and fractionated by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. 25659703 5 50 theme fraction 450:457 arg1 APPS1-2 459:465 The fraction APPS1-2 446:465 The fraction APPS1-2 446:465 The fraction APPS1-2 showed the best activity with an IC50 of 6.06 mg/mL. 25659703 3 51 theme G-75 313:316 arg1 chromatography 322:335 Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography 304:335 Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography 304:335 was isolated and fractionated by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. 25659703 0 52 dep Purification 0:11 arg1 Armeniaca 105:113 Armeniaca 105:113 Armeniaca 105:113 Purification and structural characterization of an α-glucosidase inhibitory polysaccharide from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica L. Lam.) 25659703 5 53 theme mg/mL 513:517 arg1 IC50 500:503 an IC50 497:503 an IC50 of 6.06 mg/mL 497:517 The fraction APPS1-2 showed the best activity with an IC50 of 6.06 mg/mL. 25659703 11 54 dep spectrum 1220:1227 arg1 1 1212:1212 1 1212:1212 1 1212:1212 (1)H NMR spectrum showed that APPS1-2 contained α-configurations. 25659703 6 55 theme gel 637:639 arg1 scattering 694:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering 637:703 gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument 637:714 The properties and chemical compositions of this fraction were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography-eighteen angle laser light scattering instrument, UV spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy ((1)H). 25659703 10 56 theme UV 1126:1127 arg1 spectrum 1129:1136 The IR and UV spectrum 1115:1136 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 1115:1147 The IR and UV spectrum of APPS1-2 revealed the typical characteristics of heteropolysaccharide. 25129738 4 0 contain had 772:774 arg1 films 766:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 4 0 contain had 772:774 arg2 strength 791:798 higher tensile strength 776:798 higher tensile strength 776:798 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 5 1 theme PLA/butyl-etherified 924:943 arg1 composites 957:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 2 2 theme high 397:400 arg1 amylose 402:408 high amylose 397:408 high amylose 397:408 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 6 3 theme starch 1163:1168 arg1 butyl-etherification 1170:1189 starch butyl-etherification 1163:1189 starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches 1163:1229 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 0 4 theme starch 88:93 arg1 butyl-etherification 42:61 butyl-etherification 42:61 butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch 42:93 Inducing PLA/starch compatibility through butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch. 25129738 5 5 theme PLA/butyl-etherified 1017:1036 arg1 composites 1058:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 4 6 theme PLA/non-butyl-etherified 836:859 arg1 films 871:875 PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films 836:875 PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films 836:875 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 6 7 theme high 1209:1212 arg1 amylose 1214:1220 high amylose 1209:1220 high amylose 1209:1220 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 2 8 theme resonance 302:310 arg1 spectroscopy 312:323 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 278:323 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 278:323 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 3 9 theme tensile 533:539 arg1 testing 541:547 tensile testing 533:547 tensile testing 533:547 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 5 10 theme waxy 945:948 arg1 composites 957:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 3 11 theme scanning 511:518 arg1 calorimetry 520:530 Differential scanning calorimetry 498:530 Differential scanning calorimetry 498:530 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 2 12 theme magnetic 293:300 arg1 resonance 302:310 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 278:310 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 278:323 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 5 13 theme starch 1051:1056 arg1 composites 1058:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 6 14 theme amylose 1214:1220 arg1 starches 1222:1229 both waxy and high amylose starches 1195:1229 both waxy and high amylose starches 1195:1229 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 7 15 theme starch 1317:1322 arg1 butyl-etherification 1324:1343 starch butyl-etherification 1317:1343 starch butyl-etherification 1317:1343 This study mainly demonstrates that PLA/starch compatibility can be improved through starch butyl-etherification. 25129738 2 16 theme nuclear 285:291 arg1 resonance 302:310 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 278:310 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 278:323 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 4 17 theme waxy 727:730 arg1 films 766:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 0 18 theme PLA/starch 9:18 arg1 compatibility 20:32 PLA/starch compatibility 9:32 PLA/starch compatibility 9:32 Inducing PLA/starch compatibility through butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch. 25129738 3 19 theme electron 563:570 arg1 SEM 584:586 SEM 584:586 SEM 584:586 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 3 19 theme electron 563:570 arg1 microscopy 572:581 scanning electron microscopy 554:581 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 554:587 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 4 20 from break 818:822 arg1 elongation 804:813 elongation 804:813 elongation at break 804:822 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 3 21 theme PLA/starch 611:620 arg1 compatibility 622:634 PLA/starch compatibility 611:634 PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch 611:672 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 4 22 theme amylose 741:747 arg1 films 766:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 2 23 theme 2.1 479:481 arg1 values 461:466 substitution values 448:466 substitution values 448:466 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 6 24 theme thermal 1130:1136 arg1 stability 1138:1146 PLA/starch composite thermal stability 1109:1146 PLA/starch composite thermal stability 1109:1146 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 7 25 theme PLA/starch 1268:1277 arg1 compatibility 1279:1291 PLA/starch compatibility 1268:1291 PLA/starch compatibility 1268:1291 This study mainly demonstrates that PLA/starch compatibility can be improved through starch butyl-etherification. 25129738 4 26 theme high 736:739 arg1 amylose 741:747 high amylose 736:747 high amylose 736:747 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 5 27 theme starch 950:955 arg1 composites 957:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 6 28 theme composite 1120:1128 arg1 stability 1138:1146 PLA/starch composite thermal stability 1109:1146 PLA/starch composite thermal stability 1109:1146 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 5 29 contain had 968:970 arg2 microstructure 990:1003 a more homogenous microstructure 972:1003 a more homogenous microstructure 972:1003 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 5 29 contain had 968:970 arg1 composites 957:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites 924:966 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 2 30 theme wettability 329:339 arg1 tests 341:345 wettability tests 329:345 wettability tests 329:345 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 3 31 theme Differential 498:509 arg1 calorimetry 520:530 Differential scanning calorimetry 498:530 Differential scanning calorimetry 498:530 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 2 32 theme 2.0 471:473 arg1 values 461:466 substitution values 448:466 substitution values 448:466 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 6 33 theme PLA/starch 1109:1118 arg1 stability 1138:1146 PLA/starch composite thermal stability 1109:1146 PLA/starch composite thermal stability 1109:1146 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 2 34 theme values 461:466 arg1 degree 438:443 degree 438:443 degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively 438:495 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 4 35 theme higher 776:781 arg1 strength 791:798 higher tensile strength 776:798 higher tensile strength 776:798 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 4 36 theme PLA/butyl-etherified 706:725 arg1 waxy 727:730 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy 706:730 PLA/butyl-etherified waxy 706:730 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 5 37 theme homogenous 979:988 arg1 microstructure 990:1003 a more homogenous microstructure 972:1003 a more homogenous microstructure 972:1003 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 2 38 theme substitution 448:459 arg1 values 461:466 substitution values 448:466 substitution values 448:466 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 4 39 theme composite 756:764 arg1 films 766:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 5 40 theme amylose 1043:1049 arg1 composites 1058:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 2 41 dep Fourier 237:243 arg1 transform 245:253 transform 245:253 transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests 245:345 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 5 42 theme morphological 882:894 arg1 study 896:900 The morphological study 878:900 The morphological study using SEM 878:910 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 2 43 theme waxy 388:391 arg1 starches 410:417 hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches 359:417 hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches 359:417 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 0 44 theme waxy 66:69 arg1 butyl-etherification 42:61 butyl-etherification 42:61 butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch 42:93 Inducing PLA/starch compatibility through butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch. 25129738 6 45 theme Thermogravimetric 1070:1086 arg1 analysis 1088:1095 Thermogravimetric analysis 1070:1095 Thermogravimetric analysis 1070:1095 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 1 46 with compatibility 199:211 arg1 polylactide 218:228 polylactide 218:228 polylactide (PLA) 218:234 In this study, waxy and high amylose starches were modified through butyl-etherification to facilitate compatibility with polylactide (PLA). 25129738 1 46 with compatibility 199:211 arg1 PLA 231:233 PLA 231:233 PLA 231:233 In this study, waxy and high amylose starches were modified through butyl-etherification to facilitate compatibility with polylactide (PLA). 25129738 2 47 theme butyl-etherified 371:386 arg1 waxy 388:391 butyl-etherified waxy 371:391 butyl-etherified waxy 371:391 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 3 48 theme amylose 659:665 arg1 starch 667:672 high amylose starch 654:672 high amylose starch 654:672 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 4 49 theme tensile 783:789 arg1 strength 791:798 higher tensile strength 776:798 higher tensile strength 776:798 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 2 50 theme proton 278:283 arg1 resonance 302:310 proton nuclear magnetic resonance 278:310 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 278:323 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 4 51 theme starch 749:754 arg1 films 766:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films 702:770 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 1 52 theme high 120:123 arg1 starches 133:140 high amylose starches 120:140 high amylose starches 120:140 In this study, waxy and high amylose starches were modified through butyl-etherification to facilitate compatibility with polylactide (PLA). 25129738 6 53 theme waxy 1200:1203 arg1 starches 1222:1229 both waxy and high amylose starches 1195:1229 both waxy and high amylose starches 1195:1229 Thermogravimetric analysis showed that PLA/starch composite thermal stability decreased with starch butyl-etherification for both waxy and high amylose starches. 25129738 4 54 theme composite 861:869 arg1 films 871:875 PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films 836:875 PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films 836:875 The PLA/butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starch composite films had higher tensile strength and elongation at break compared to PLA/non-butyl-etherified composite films. 25129738 5 55 theme high 1038:1041 arg1 composites 1058:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites 1017:1067 The morphological study using SEM showed that PLA/butyl-etherified waxy starch composites had a more homogenous microstructure compared to PLA/butyl-etherified high amylose starch composites. 25129738 1 56 theme amylose 125:131 arg1 starches 133:140 high amylose starches 120:140 high amylose starches 120:140 In this study, waxy and high amylose starches were modified through butyl-etherification to facilitate compatibility with polylactide (PLA). 25129738 2 57 theme hydrophobic 359:369 arg1 starches 410:417 hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches 359:417 hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches 359:417 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 0 58 theme amylose 80:86 arg1 starch 88:93 high amylose starch 75:93 high amylose starch 75:93 Inducing PLA/starch compatibility through butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch. 25129738 3 59 theme high 654:657 arg1 starch 667:672 high amylose starch 654:672 high amylose starch 654:672 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 3 60 dep demonstrated 589:600 arg1 improved 602:609 improved 602:609 demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification 589:699 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 3 61 theme scanning 554:561 arg1 SEM 584:586 SEM 584:586 SEM 584:586 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 3 61 theme scanning 554:561 arg1 microscopy 572:581 scanning electron microscopy 554:581 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 554:587 Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated improved PLA/starch compatibility for both waxy and high amylose starch after butyl-etherification. 25129738 0 62 theme high 75:78 arg1 starch 88:93 high amylose starch 75:93 high amylose starch 75:93 Inducing PLA/starch compatibility through butyl-etherification of waxy and high amylose starch. 25129738 2 63 theme infrared 255:262 arg1 spectroscopy 264:275 infrared spectroscopy 255:275 infrared spectroscopy 255:275 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25129738 2 64 theme amylose 402:408 arg1 starches 410:417 hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches 359:417 hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches 359:417 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and wettability tests showed that hydrophobic butyl-etherified waxy and high amylose starches were obtained with degree of substitution values of 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. 25727997 3 0 from effects 623:629 arg1 constituents 649:660 constituents 649:660 constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation 649:712 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 0 1 theme growth 76:81 arg1 stages 66:71 different stages 56:71 different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential 56:125 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 3 2 theme study 603:607 arg1 aim 591:593 The aim 587:593 The aim of this study 587:607 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 4 3 theme natural 790:796 arg1 senescence 798:807 natural senescence 790:807 natural senescence 790:807 Although obvious morphological changes can be observed in the field due to natural senescence, the results obtained in this work suggested that the cellulose content does not change significantly with respect to age. 25727997 4 4 theme cellulose 863:871 arg1 content 873:879 the cellulose content 859:879 the cellulose content 859:879 Although obvious morphological changes can be observed in the field due to natural senescence, the results obtained in this work suggested that the cellulose content does not change significantly with respect to age. 25727997 2 5 theme nutrient-rich 515:527 arg1 juice 529:533 the nutrient-rich juice 511:533 the nutrient-rich juice 511:533 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 5 theme nutrient-rich 515:527 arg1 substrate 550:558 a substrate 548:558 a substrate for co-product generation 548:584 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 3 6 theme age 642:644 arg1 effects 623:629 the effects 619:629 the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation 619:712 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 2 7 theme co-product 564:573 arg1 generation 575:584 co-product generation 564:584 co-product generation 564:584 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 8 theme Napier 329:334 arg1 grass 336:340 Napier grass 329:340 Napier grass 329:340 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 0 9 theme biobased 99:106 arg1 products 108:115 biobased products 99:115 biobased products 99:115 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 0 10 dep biofuel 87:93 arg1 potential 117:125 potential 117:125 potential 117:125 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 0 11 theme compositional 15:27 arg1 changes 29:35 compositional changes 15:35 compositional changes of Napier grass 15:51 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 3 12 theme biomass 634:640 arg1 age 642:644 biomass age 634:644 biomass age 634:644 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 1 13 theme high 169:172 arg1 grass 135:139 Napier grass 128:139 Napier grass 128:139 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 13 theme high 169:172 arg1 feedstock 194:202 a high yielding, perennial feedstock 167:202 a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world 167:277 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 14 theme tropical 245:252 arg1 sub 241:243 sub 241:243 sub 241:243 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 14 theme tropical 245:252 arg1 geographies 254:264 (sub)tropical geographies 240:264 (sub)tropical geographies of the world 240:277 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 15 from geographies 254:264 arg1 year-round 226:235 year-round 226:235 year-round 226:235 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 16 theme yielding 174:181 arg1 grass 135:139 Napier grass 128:139 Napier grass 128:139 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 16 theme yielding 174:181 arg1 feedstock 194:202 a high yielding, perennial feedstock 167:202 a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world 167:277 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 3 17 theme biofuel 674:680 arg1 generation 703:712 biofuel and biobased product generation 674:712 biofuel and biobased product generation 674:712 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 2 18 theme unique 353:358 arg1 opportunity 360:370 a unique opportunity 351:370 a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation 351:584 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 0 19 theme grass 47:51 arg1 changes 29:35 compositional changes 15:35 compositional changes of Napier grass 15:51 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 3 20 theme relevant 662:669 arg1 constituents 649:660 constituents 649:660 constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation 649:712 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 2 21 theme w/w 323:325 arg1 content 309:315 its high moisture content 291:315 its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w) 291:326 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 21 theme w/w 323:325 arg1 % 322:322 ∼ 80%w/w 318:325 ∼ 80%w/w 318:325 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 0 22 theme Napier 40:45 arg1 grass 47:51 Napier grass 40:51 Napier grass 40:51 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 1 23 theme world 273:277 arg1 sub 241:243 sub 241:243 sub 241:243 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 23 theme world 273:277 arg1 geographies 254:264 (sub)tropical geographies 240:264 (sub)tropical geographies of the world 240:277 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 2 24 theme liquid 405:410 arg1 streams 412:418 solid and liquid streams 395:418 solid and liquid streams 395:418 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 1 25 dep yielding 174:181 arg1 perennial 184:192 perennial 184:192 perennial 184:192 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 2 26 theme cellulosic 440:449 arg1 substrate 473:481 a substrate 471:481 a substrate for biofuel production 471:504 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 26 theme cellulosic 440:449 arg1 fibers 451:456 the extruded cellulosic fibers 427:456 the extruded cellulosic fibers 427:456 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 0 27 theme different 56:64 arg1 stages 66:71 different stages 56:71 different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential 56:125 Characterizing compositional changes of Napier grass at different stages of growth for biofuel and biobased products potential. 25727997 3 28 theme product 695:701 arg1 generation 703:712 biofuel and biobased product generation 674:712 biofuel and biobased product generation 674:712 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 5 29 theme raw 1097:1099 arg1 data 1101:1104 the raw data 1093:1104 the raw data 1093:1104 Data surrounding the hemicellulose and lignin contents, however, were inconclusive as their degree of significance varied with the statistics applied to analyze the raw data. 25727997 2 30 theme solid 395:399 arg1 streams 412:418 solid and liquid streams 395:418 solid and liquid streams 395:418 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 1 31 from year-round 226:235 arg1 sub 241:243 sub 241:243 sub 241:243 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 31 from year-round 226:235 arg1 geographies 254:264 (sub)tropical geographies 240:264 (sub)tropical geographies of the world 240:277 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 5 32 theme hemicellulose 953:965 arg1 contents 978:985 the hemicellulose and lignin contents 949:985 the hemicellulose and lignin contents 949:985 Data surrounding the hemicellulose and lignin contents, however, were inconclusive as their degree of significance varied with the statistics applied to analyze the raw data. 25727997 2 33 theme moisture 300:307 arg1 content 309:315 its high moisture content 291:315 its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w) 291:326 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 33 theme moisture 300:307 arg1 % 322:322 ∼ 80%w/w 318:325 ∼ 80%w/w 318:325 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 3 34 theme biobased 686:693 arg1 generation 703:712 biofuel and biobased product generation 674:712 biofuel and biobased product generation 674:712 The aim of this study evaluated the effects of biomass age on constituents relevant to biofuel and biobased product generation. 25727997 5 35 theme lignin 971:976 arg1 contents 978:985 the hemicellulose and lignin contents 949:985 the hemicellulose and lignin contents 949:985 Data surrounding the hemicellulose and lignin contents, however, were inconclusive as their degree of significance varied with the statistics applied to analyze the raw data. 25727997 1 36 theme Napier 128:133 arg1 feedstock 194:202 a high yielding, perennial feedstock 167:202 a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world 167:277 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 36 theme Napier 128:133 arg1 grass 135:139 Napier grass 128:139 Napier grass 128:139 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 1 36 theme Napier 128:133 arg1 purpureum 153:161 Pennisetum purpureum 142:161 Pennisetum purpureum 142:161 Napier grass, Pennisetum purpureum, is a high yielding, perennial feedstock that can be harvested year-round in (sub)tropical geographies of the world. 25727997 2 37 theme biofuel 487:493 arg1 production 495:504 biofuel production 487:504 biofuel production 487:504 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 38 theme high 295:298 arg1 content 309:315 its high moisture content 291:315 its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w) 291:326 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 38 theme high 295:298 arg1 % 322:322 ∼ 80%w/w 318:325 ∼ 80%w/w 318:325 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 39 theme extruded 431:438 arg1 substrate 473:481 a substrate 471:481 a substrate for biofuel production 471:504 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 2 39 theme extruded 431:438 arg1 fibers 451:456 the extruded cellulosic fibers 427:456 the extruded cellulosic fibers 427:456 Because of its high moisture content (∼ 80%w/w), Napier grass presents a unique opportunity for fractionation into solid and liquid streams, where the extruded cellulosic fibers can serve as a substrate for biofuel production, and the nutrient-rich juice can serve as a substrate for co-product generation. 25727997 4 40 theme morphological 732:744 arg1 changes 746:752 obvious morphological changes 724:752 obvious morphological changes 724:752 Although obvious morphological changes can be observed in the field due to natural senescence, the results obtained in this work suggested that the cellulose content does not change significantly with respect to age. 25727997 5 41 theme significance 1034:1045 arg1 degree 1024:1029 their degree 1018:1029 their degree of significance 1018:1045 Data surrounding the hemicellulose and lignin contents, however, were inconclusive as their degree of significance varied with the statistics applied to analyze the raw data. 25727997 4 42 theme obvious 724:730 arg1 changes 746:752 obvious morphological changes 724:752 obvious morphological changes 724:752 Although obvious morphological changes can be observed in the field due to natural senescence, the results obtained in this work suggested that the cellulose content does not change significantly with respect to age. 25727997 4 43 located observed 761:768 arg1 field 777:781 the field 773:781 the field due to natural senescence 773:807 Although obvious morphological changes can be observed in the field due to natural senescence, the results obtained in this work suggested that the cellulose content does not change significantly with respect to age. 25727997 4 43 located observed 761:768 arg2 changes 746:752 obvious morphological changes 724:752 obvious morphological changes 724:752 Although obvious morphological changes can be observed in the field due to natural senescence, the results obtained in this work suggested that the cellulose content does not change significantly with respect to age. 25256490 0 0 theme Cucurbita 99:107 arg1 extraction 30:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 0 theme Cucurbita 99:107 arg1 moschata 109:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 1 from extraction 30:39 arg1 pumpkin 90:96 pumpkin 90:96 pumpkin 90:96 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 4 2 theme positive 1100:1107 arg1 activity 1128:1135 positive radical scavenging activity 1100:1135 positive radical scavenging activity 1100:1135 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 2 3 dep parameters 311:320 arg1 parameters 311:320 The UAEE operating parameters 292:320 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) 292:397 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 3 dep parameters 311:320 arg1 pH 365:366 pH 365:366 pH 365:366 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 3 dep parameters 311:320 arg1 temperature 334:344 extraction temperature 323:344 extraction temperature 323:344 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 3 dep parameters 311:320 arg1 power 358:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 3 dep parameters 311:320 arg1 ratio 392:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 4 theme polysaccharide 720:733 arg1 yield 735:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield 710:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% 710:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 4 5 theme high 1076:1079 arg1 power 1090:1094 their high reducing power 1070:1094 their high reducing power 1070:1094 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 3 6 theme synergistic 649:659 arg1 model 661:665 the UAEE synergistic model 640:665 the UAEE synergistic model 640:665 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 6 theme synergistic 649:659 arg1 Enzymolysis 557:567 Enzymolysis 557:567 Enzymolysis 557:567 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 6 theme synergistic 649:659 arg1 ultrasonication 573:587 ultrasonication 573:587 ultrasonication 573:587 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 4 7 theme natural 1001:1007 arg1 antioxidant 1009:1019 a natural antioxidant 999:1019 a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry 999:1057 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 3 8 theme ultrasonic 807:816 arg1 power 818:822 ultrasonic power 807:822 ultrasonic power 807:822 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 8 theme ultrasonic 807:816 arg1 W 829:829 440 W 825:829 440 W 825:829 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 2 9 theme operating 301:309 arg1 pH 365:366 pH 365:366 pH 365:366 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 9 theme operating 301:309 arg1 parameters 311:320 The UAEE operating parameters 292:320 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) 292:397 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 9 theme operating 301:309 arg1 temperature 334:344 extraction temperature 323:344 extraction temperature 323:344 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 9 theme operating 301:309 arg1 power 358:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 9 theme operating 301:309 arg1 ratio 392:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 10 with conditions 694:703 arg1 yield 735:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield 710:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% 710:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 11 theme ± 749:749 arg1 % 755:755 4.33 ± 0.15% 744:755 4.33 ± 0.15% 744:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 12 dep selected 628:635 arg1 °C 803:804 51.5 °C 798:804 51.5 °C 798:804 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 12 dep selected 628:635 arg1 temperature 785:795 extraction temperature 774:795 extraction temperature 774:795 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 2 13 theme UAEE 296:299 arg1 pH 365:366 pH 365:366 pH 365:366 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 13 theme UAEE 296:299 arg1 parameters 311:320 The UAEE operating parameters 292:320 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) 292:397 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 13 theme UAEE 296:299 arg1 temperature 334:344 extraction temperature 323:344 extraction temperature 323:344 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 13 theme UAEE 296:299 arg1 power 358:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 13 theme UAEE 296:299 arg1 ratio 392:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 1 14 theme Cucurbita 184:192 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides 184:217 Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) 184:224 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 14 theme Cucurbita 184:192 arg1 CMCP 220:223 CMCP 220:223 CMCP 220:223 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 0 15 from activity 57:64 arg1 pumpkin 90:96 pumpkin 90:96 pumpkin 90:96 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 4 16 theme reducing 1081:1088 arg1 power 1090:1094 their high reducing power 1070:1094 their high reducing power 1070:1094 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 1 17 theme moschata 194:201 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides 184:217 Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) 184:224 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 17 theme moschata 194:201 arg1 CMCP 220:223 CMCP 220:223 CMCP 220:223 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 0 18 theme enzymatic 20:28 arg1 extraction 30:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 18 theme enzymatic 20:28 arg1 moschata 109:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 W 829:829 440 W 825:829 440 W 825:829 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 time 895:898 extraction time 884:898 extraction time 884:898 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 pH 832:833 pH 832:833 pH 832:833 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 mL/g 874:877 5.70:1 mL/g 867:877 5.70:1 mL/g 867:877 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 power 818:822 ultrasonic power 807:822 ultrasonic power 807:822 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 min 904:906 20 min 901:906 20 min 901:906 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 5.0 836:838 5.0 836:838 5.0 836:838 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 19 dep temperature 785:795 arg1 ratio 860:864 liquid-to-material ratio 841:864 liquid-to-material ratio 841:864 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 20 theme 5.70:1 867:872 arg1 mL/g 874:877 5.70:1 mL/g 867:877 5.70:1 mL/g 867:877 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 1 21 theme polysaccharides 203:217 arg1 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 21 theme polysaccharides 203:217 arg1 extraction 163:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 120:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) 120:224 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 0 22 theme Ultrasound-assisted 0:18 arg1 extraction 30:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 22 theme Ultrasound-assisted 0:18 arg1 moschata 109:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 4 23 theme medicine 1041:1048 arg1 industry 1050:1057 the food or medicine industry 1029:1057 industry 1050:1057 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 2 24 from study 485:489 arg1 procedure 499:507 UAEE procedure 494:507 UAEE procedure 494:507 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 4 25 contain has 977:979 arg2 potential 986:994 good potential 981:994 good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry 981:1057 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 4 25 contain has 977:979 arg1 CMCP 972:975 CMCP 972:975 CMCP 972:975 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 2 26 theme extraction 323:332 arg1 parameters 311:320 The UAEE operating parameters 292:320 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) 292:397 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 26 theme extraction 323:332 arg1 temperature 334:344 extraction temperature 323:344 extraction temperature 323:344 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 4 27 theme activity 939:946 arg1 Evaluation 909:918 Evaluation 909:918 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro 909:955 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 4 28 theme good 981:984 arg1 potential 986:994 good potential 981:994 good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry 981:1057 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 2 29 theme extraction 540:549 arg1 time 551:554 the optimal extraction time 528:554 the optimal extraction time 528:554 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 30 theme UAEE 644:647 arg1 model 661:665 the UAEE synergistic model 640:665 the UAEE synergistic model 640:665 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 30 theme UAEE 644:647 arg1 Enzymolysis 557:567 Enzymolysis 557:567 Enzymolysis 557:567 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 30 theme UAEE 644:647 arg1 ultrasonication 573:587 ultrasonication 573:587 ultrasonication 573:587 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 2 31 theme composite 432:440 arg1 CCD 450:452 CCD 450:452 CCD 450:452 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 31 theme composite 432:440 arg1 design 442:447 the central composite design 420:447 the central composite design (CCD) 420:453 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 32 theme kinetic 477:483 arg1 study 485:489 the mass transfer kinetic study 459:489 the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure 459:507 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 33 theme % 755:755 arg1 yield 735:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield 710:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% 710:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 2 34 theme optimal 532:538 arg1 time 551:554 the optimal extraction time 528:554 the optimal extraction time 528:554 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 35 used used 513:516 arg2 study 485:489 the mass transfer kinetic study 459:489 the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure 459:507 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 36 theme extraction 884:893 arg1 time 895:898 extraction time 884:898 extraction time 884:898 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 2 37 theme central 424:430 arg1 CCD 450:452 CCD 450:452 CCD 450:452 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 37 theme central 424:430 arg1 design 442:447 the central composite design 420:447 the central composite design (CCD) 420:453 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 0 38 theme antioxidant 45:55 arg1 activity 57:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin 45:96 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 3 39 theme extraction 774:783 arg1 °C 803:804 51.5 °C 798:804 51.5 °C 798:804 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 3 39 theme extraction 774:783 arg1 temperature 785:795 extraction temperature 774:795 extraction temperature 774:795 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 2 40 theme transfer 468:475 arg1 study 485:489 the mass transfer kinetic study 459:489 the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure 459:507 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 0 41 from pumpkin 90:96 arg1 extraction 30:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 41 from pumpkin 90:96 arg1 activity 57:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin 45:96 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 41 from pumpkin 90:96 arg1 moschata 109:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 41 from pumpkin 90:96 arg1 polysaccharides 69:83 polysaccharides 69:83 polysaccharides from pumpkin 69:96 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 42 theme polysaccharides 69:83 arg1 extraction 30:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 0:39 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 42 theme polysaccharides 69:83 arg1 activity 57:64 antioxidant activity 45:64 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin 45:96 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 0 42 theme polysaccharides 69:83 arg1 moschata 109:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Cucurbita moschata 99:116 Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). 25256490 2 43 theme UAEE 494:497 arg1 procedure 499:507 UAEE procedure 494:507 UAEE procedure 494:507 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 4 44 theme scavenging 1117:1126 arg1 activity 1128:1135 positive radical scavenging activity 1100:1135 positive radical scavenging activity 1100:1135 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 1 45 theme efficient 123:131 arg1 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 45 theme efficient 123:131 arg1 extraction 163:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 120:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) 120:224 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 3 46 theme extraction 683:692 arg1 conditions 694:703 the optimum extraction conditions 671:703 the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% 671:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 4 47 theme DPPH 1141:1144 arg1 radical 1146:1152 DPPH radical 1141:1152 DPPH radical 1141:1152 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 1 48 theme ultrasound-assisted 133:151 arg1 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 48 theme ultrasound-assisted 133:151 arg1 extraction 163:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 120:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) 120:224 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 49 theme enzymatic 153:161 arg1 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 UAEE 175:178 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 1 49 theme enzymatic 153:161 arg1 extraction 163:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction 120:172 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) 120:224 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 4 50 theme antioxidant 927:937 arg1 activity 939:946 the antioxidant activity 923:946 the antioxidant activity in vitro 923:955 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 2 51 theme ultrasonic 347:356 arg1 parameters 311:320 The UAEE operating parameters 292:320 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) 292:397 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 51 theme ultrasonic 347:356 arg1 power 358:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 ultrasonic power 347:362 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 4 52 theme food 1033:1036 arg1 industry 1050:1057 the food or medicine industry 1029:1057 industry 1050:1057 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 3 53 theme optimum 675:681 arg1 conditions 694:703 the optimum extraction conditions 671:703 the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% 671:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 1 54 theme CMCP 250:253 arg1 activities 267:276 the CMCP antioxidant activities 246:276 the CMCP antioxidant activities 246:276 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25256490 2 55 theme mass 463:466 arg1 study 485:489 the mass transfer kinetic study 459:489 the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure 459:507 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 56 theme maximum 712:718 arg1 yield 735:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield 710:739 a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% 710:755 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 4 57 theme radical 1109:1115 arg1 activity 1128:1135 positive radical scavenging activity 1100:1135 positive radical scavenging activity 1100:1135 Evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro suggested that CMCP has good potential as a natural antioxidant used in the food or medicine industry because of their high reducing power and positive radical scavenging activity for DPPH radical. 25256490 2 58 theme liquid-to-material 373:390 arg1 parameters 311:320 The UAEE operating parameters 292:320 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) 292:397 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 2 58 theme liquid-to-material 373:390 arg1 ratio 392:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 liquid-to-material ratio 373:396 The UAEE operating parameters (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, pH, and liquid-to-material ratio) were optimized using the central composite design (CCD) and the mass transfer kinetic study in UAEE procedure was used to select the optimal extraction time. 25256490 3 59 theme liquid-to-material 841:858 arg1 ratio 860:864 liquid-to-material ratio 841:864 liquid-to-material ratio 841:864 Enzymolysis and ultrasonication that were simultaneously conducted was selected as the UAEE synergistic model and the optimum extraction conditions with a maximum polysaccharide yield of 4.33 ± 0.15% were as follows: extraction temperature, 51.5 °C; ultrasonic power, 440 W; pH, 5.0; liquid-to-material ratio, 5.70:1 mL/g; and extraction time, 20 min. 25256490 1 60 theme antioxidant 255:265 arg1 activities 267:276 the CMCP antioxidant activities 246:276 the CMCP antioxidant activities 246:276 An efficient ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of Cucurbita moschata polysaccharides (CMCP) was established and the CMCP antioxidant activities were studied. 25149016 6 0 theme higher 781:786 arg1 proportion 788:797 a higher proportion 779:797 a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%) 779:839 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 1 1 theme fibre 215:219 arg1 content 221:227 its insoluble and soluble fibre content 189:227 its insoluble and soluble fibre content 189:227 Dietary fibre of quinoa and amaranth was analysed for its insoluble and soluble fibre content, composition, and structure. 25149016 5 2 theme branched 672:679 arg1 xyloglucans 681:691 highly branched xyloglucans 665:691 highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) 665:698 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 2 theme branched 672:679 arg1 % 697:697 ∼30% 694:697 ∼30% 694:697 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 4 3 from quinoa 418:423 arg1 IDF 408:410 IDF 408:410 IDF 408:410 Insoluble fibre (IDF) from quinoa and amaranth was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose. 25149016 4 3 from quinoa 418:423 arg1 fibre 401:405 fibre 401:405 fibre 401:405 Insoluble fibre (IDF) from quinoa and amaranth was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose. 25149016 0 4 from xyloglucans 122:132 arg1 high 92:95 high 92:95 high 92:95 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 5 5 theme Linkage 522:528 arg1 analysis 530:537 Linkage analysis 522:537 Linkage analysis 522:537 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 0 6 from high 92:95 arg1 xyloglucans 122:132 xyloglucans 122:132 xyloglucans 122:132 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 0 6 from high 92:95 arg1 substances 107:116 pectic substances 100:116 pectic substances 100:116 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 5 7 with homogalacturonans 574:590 arg1 side-chains 631:641 arabinan side-chains 622:641 arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%) 622:651 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 7 with homogalacturonans 574:590 arg1 xyloglucans 681:691 highly branched xyloglucans 665:691 highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) 665:698 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 7 with homogalacturonans 574:590 arg1 % 697:697 ∼30% 694:697 ∼30% 694:697 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 7 with homogalacturonans 574:590 arg1 cellulose 704:712 cellulose 704:712 cellulose 704:712 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 7 with homogalacturonans 574:590 arg1 % 650:650 ∼55-60% 644:650 ∼55-60% 644:650 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 8 with rhamnogalacturonan-I 596:615 arg1 side-chains 631:641 arabinan side-chains 622:641 arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%) 622:651 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 8 with rhamnogalacturonan-I 596:615 arg1 xyloglucans 681:691 highly branched xyloglucans 665:691 highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) 665:698 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 8 with rhamnogalacturonan-I 596:615 arg1 % 697:697 ∼30% 694:697 ∼30% 694:697 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 8 with rhamnogalacturonan-I 596:615 arg1 cellulose 704:712 cellulose 704:712 cellulose 704:712 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 8 with rhamnogalacturonan-I 596:615 arg1 % 650:650 ∼55-60% 644:650 ∼55-60% 644:650 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 0 9 theme dietary 77:83 arg1 fibres 85:90 dietary fibres 77:90 dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans 77:132 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 6 10 theme fibre 760:764 arg1 % 741:741 22% 739:741 22% of total dietary fibre 739:764 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 6 10 theme fibre 760:764 arg1 fibre 760:764 fibre 760:764 fibre 760:764 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 7 11 theme galacturonic 891:902 arg1 acid 904:907 galacturonic acid 891:907 galacturonic acid 891:907 The soluble fibre (SDF) was composed of glucose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; for amaranth, xylose was also a major constituent. 25149016 8 12 theme pectic 1033:1038 arg1 polysaccharides 1040:1054 the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 1006:1054 polysaccharides 1040:1054 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 1 13 theme quinoa 152:157 arg1 fibre 143:147 fibre 143:147 fibre 143:147 Dietary fibre of quinoa and amaranth was analysed for its insoluble and soluble fibre content, composition, and structure. 25149016 4 14 theme galacturonic 461:472 arg1 acid 474:477 galacturonic acid 461:477 galacturonic acid 461:477 Insoluble fibre (IDF) from quinoa and amaranth was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose. 25149016 8 15 theme polysaccharides 1040:1054 arg1 % 1001:1001 ∼40-60% 995:1001 ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 995:1054 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 8 15 theme polysaccharides 1040:1054 arg1 SDF 1010:1012 the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 1006:1054 SDF 1010:1012 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 8 15 theme polysaccharides 1040:1054 arg1 polysaccharides 1040:1054 the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 1006:1054 polysaccharides 1040:1054 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 2 16 theme fibre 272:276 arg1 content 278:284 Total dietary fibre content 258:284 Total dietary fibre content 258:284 Total dietary fibre content was 10% for quinoa and 11% for amaranth. 25149016 5 17 theme arabinan 622:629 arg1 side-chains 631:641 arabinan side-chains 622:641 arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%) 622:651 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 5 17 theme arabinan 622:629 arg1 % 650:650 ∼55-60% 644:650 ∼55-60% 644:650 Linkage analysis indicated that IDF was composed of homogalacturonans and rhamnogalacturonan-I with arabinan side-chains (∼55-60%), as well as highly branched xyloglucans (∼30%) and cellulose. 25149016 2 18 theme dietary 264:270 arg1 content 278:284 Total dietary fibre content 258:284 Total dietary fibre content 258:284 Total dietary fibre content was 10% for quinoa and 11% for amaranth. 25149016 6 19 located found 809:813 arg1 maize 828:832 maize 828:832 maize 828:832 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 6 19 located found 809:813 arg2 that 804:807 that 804:807 that 804:807 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 6 19 located found 809:813 arg1 wheat 818:822 wheat 818:822 wheat 818:822 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 1 20 theme amaranth 163:170 arg1 fibre 143:147 fibre 143:147 fibre 143:147 Dietary fibre of quinoa and amaranth was analysed for its insoluble and soluble fibre content, composition, and structure. 25149016 0 21 theme Chenopodium 8:18 arg1 quinoa 20:25 Chenopodium quinoa 8:25 Chenopodium quinoa W. 8:28 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 0 21 theme Chenopodium 8:18 arg1 W. 27:28 W. 27:28 W. 27:28 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 0 22 theme high 92:95 arg1 fibres 85:90 dietary fibres 77:90 dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans 77:132 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 2 23 theme Total 258:262 arg1 content 278:284 Total dietary fibre content 258:284 Total dietary fibre content 258:284 Total dietary fibre content was 10% for quinoa and 11% for amaranth. 25149016 8 24 theme SDF 1010:1012 arg1 % 1001:1001 ∼40-60% 995:1001 ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 995:1054 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 8 24 theme SDF 1010:1012 arg1 SDF 1010:1012 the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 1006:1054 SDF 1010:1012 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 8 24 theme SDF 1010:1012 arg1 polysaccharides 1040:1054 the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 1006:1054 polysaccharides 1040:1054 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 0 25 dep amaranth 35:42 arg1 caudatus 56:63 Amaranthus caudatus 45:63 Amaranthus caudatus L. 45:66 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 3 26 theme fibre 370:374 arg1 % 353:353 78% 351:353 78% of its dietary fibre 351:374 For both pseudocereals, 78% of its dietary fibre was insoluble. 25149016 3 26 theme fibre 370:374 arg1 fibre 370:374 fibre 370:374 fibre 370:374 For both pseudocereals, 78% of its dietary fibre was insoluble. 25149016 7 27 theme major 956:960 arg1 constituent 962:972 a major constituent 954:972 a major constituent 954:972 The soluble fibre (SDF) was composed of glucose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; for amaranth, xylose was also a major constituent. 25149016 7 27 theme major 956:960 arg1 xylose 938:943 xylose 938:943 xylose 938:943 The soluble fibre (SDF) was composed of glucose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; for amaranth, xylose was also a major constituent. 25149016 0 28 theme pectic 100:105 arg1 substances 107:116 pectic substances 100:116 pectic substances 100:116 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 8 29 theme arabinose-rich 1018:1031 arg1 polysaccharides 1040:1054 the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides 1006:1054 polysaccharides 1040:1054 Xyloglucans made up ∼40-60% of the SDF and arabinose-rich pectic polysaccharides represented ∼34-55%. 25149016 6 30 dep found 809:813 arg1 % 838:838 ∼15% 835:838 ∼15% 835:838 For both pseudocereals, 22% of total dietary fibre was soluble; a higher proportion than that found in wheat and maize (∼15%). 25149016 4 31 from amaranth 429:436 arg1 IDF 408:410 IDF 408:410 IDF 408:410 Insoluble fibre (IDF) from quinoa and amaranth was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose. 25149016 4 31 from amaranth 429:436 arg1 fibre 401:405 fibre 401:405 fibre 401:405 Insoluble fibre (IDF) from quinoa and amaranth was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose, xylose and glucose. 25149016 0 32 from substances 107:116 arg1 high 92:95 high 92:95 high 92:95 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 1 33 theme insoluble 193:201 arg1 content 221:227 its insoluble and soluble fibre content 189:227 its insoluble and soluble fibre content 189:227 Dietary fibre of quinoa and amaranth was analysed for its insoluble and soluble fibre content, composition, and structure. 25149016 0 34 theme Amaranthus 45:54 arg1 caudatus 56:63 Amaranthus caudatus 45:63 Amaranthus caudatus L. 45:66 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 0 35 dep Quinoa 0:5 arg1 quinoa 20:25 Chenopodium quinoa 8:25 Chenopodium quinoa W. 8:28 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 0 35 dep Quinoa 0:5 arg1 W. 27:28 W. 27:28 W. 27:28 Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa W.) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) provide dietary fibres high in pectic substances and xyloglucans. 25149016 1 36 theme soluble 207:213 arg1 content 221:227 its insoluble and soluble fibre content 189:227 its insoluble and soluble fibre content 189:227 Dietary fibre of quinoa and amaranth was analysed for its insoluble and soluble fibre content, composition, and structure. 24211429 0 0 theme ultrasound 85:94 arg1 extraction 96:105 classical and ultrasound extraction 71:105 classical and ultrasound extraction 71:105 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 6 1 theme ferric-reducing 690:704 arg1 power 718:722 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 690:722 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 690:722 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 5 2 dep 2.54 570:573 arg1 1 576:576 1 576:576 1 576:576 However, the molar ratio of CZPU was 5.46: 4.96: 5.17: 2.63: 1, while it was 5.46: 4.89: 3.65: 2.54: 1 for CZPH. 24211429 0 3 from Composition 0:10 arg1 jujuba 61:66 jujuba 61:66 jujuba 61:66 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 0 4 from jujuba 61:66 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 polysaccharides 40:54 polysaccharides from jujuba 40:66 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 0 4 from jujuba 61:66 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 0 4 from jujuba 61:66 arg1 activity 28:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 6 5 theme radical 678:684 arg1 assay 731:735 hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 669:735 hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 669:735 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 6 6 theme hydroxyl 669:676 arg1 radical 678:684 hydroxyl radical 669:684 hydroxyl radical 669:684 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 6 6 theme hydroxyl 669:676 arg1 FRAP 725:728 FRAP 725:728 FRAP 725:728 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 3 7 theme ultrasound 269:278 arg1 application 254:264 a short application 246:264 a short application of ultrasound 246:278 Using a short application of ultrasound, the yield of polysaccharides increased from 6.23 to 7.95%, which represents an increase of about 27.6%. 24211429 3 8 theme short 248:252 arg1 application 254:264 a short application 246:264 a short application of ultrasound 246:278 Using a short application of ultrasound, the yield of polysaccharides increased from 6.23 to 7.95%, which represents an increase of about 27.6%. 24211429 3 9 theme % 382:382 arg1 increase 360:367 an increase 357:367 an increase of about 27.6% 357:382 Using a short application of ultrasound, the yield of polysaccharides increased from 6.23 to 7.95%, which represents an increase of about 27.6%. 24211429 1 10 theme Crude 108:112 arg1 cv 130:131 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv 108:131 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv. 108:132 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv. 24211429 0 11 theme antioxidant 16:26 arg1 activity 28:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 3 12 dep 7.95 333:336 arg1 to 330:331 to 330:331 to 330:331 Using a short application of ultrasound, the yield of polysaccharides increased from 6.23 to 7.95%, which represents an increase of about 27.6%. 24211429 2 13 theme hot 181:183 arg1 water 185:189 hot water 181:189 hot water 181:189 Junzao polysaccharides (CZP) were extracted by hot water and ultrasound-assisted extraction respectively. 24211429 1 14 theme Zizyphus 114:121 arg1 cv 130:131 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv 108:131 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv. 108:132 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv. 24211429 0 15 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 0 15 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 activity 28:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 antioxidant activity 16:35 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 5 16 theme CZPU 503:506 arg1 2.63 530:533 2.63 530:533 2.63 530:533 However, the molar ratio of CZPU was 5.46: 4.96: 5.17: 2.63: 1, while it was 5.46: 4.89: 3.65: 2.54: 1 for CZPH. 24211429 5 16 theme CZPU 503:506 arg1 ratio 494:498 the molar ratio 484:498 the molar ratio of CZPU 484:506 However, the molar ratio of CZPU was 5.46: 4.96: 5.17: 2.63: 1, while it was 5.46: 4.89: 3.65: 2.54: 1 for CZPH. 24211429 1 17 theme Jujuba 123:128 arg1 cv 130:131 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv 108:131 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv. 108:132 Crude Zizyphus Jujuba cv. 24211429 6 18 contain had 606:608 arg1 CZPU 601:604 CZPU 601:604 CZPU 601:604 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 6 18 contain had 606:608 arg2 activities 631:640 stronger antioxidant activities 610:640 stronger antioxidant activities 610:640 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 0 19 from activity 28:35 arg1 jujuba 61:66 jujuba 61:66 jujuba 61:66 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 6 20 theme antioxidant 619:629 arg1 activities 631:640 stronger antioxidant activities 610:640 stronger antioxidant activities 610:640 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 3 21 theme polysaccharides 294:308 arg1 yield 285:289 the yield 281:289 the yield of polysaccharides 281:308 Using a short application of ultrasound, the yield of polysaccharides increased from 6.23 to 7.95%, which represents an increase of about 27.6%. 24211429 2 22 theme ultrasound-assisted 195:213 arg1 extraction 215:224 ultrasound-assisted extraction 195:224 ultrasound-assisted extraction 195:224 Junzao polysaccharides (CZP) were extracted by hot water and ultrasound-assisted extraction respectively. 24211429 6 23 theme stronger 610:617 arg1 activities 631:640 stronger antioxidant activities 610:640 stronger antioxidant activities 610:640 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 6 24 theme power 718:722 arg1 assay 731:735 hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 669:735 hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay 669:735 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 0 25 theme classical 71:79 arg1 extraction 96:105 classical and ultrasound extraction 71:105 classical and ultrasound extraction 71:105 Composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from jujuba by classical and ultrasound extraction. 24211429 6 26 theme antioxidant 706:716 arg1 power 718:722 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 690:722 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 690:722 Furthermore, CZPU had stronger antioxidant activities than CZPH by evaluating in hydroxyl radical and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. 24211429 5 27 dep 2.63 530:533 arg1 1 536:536 1 536:536 1 536:536 However, the molar ratio of CZPU was 5.46: 4.96: 5.17: 2.63: 1, while it was 5.46: 4.89: 3.65: 2.54: 1 for CZPH. 24211429 2 28 theme Junzao 134:139 arg1 CZP 158:160 CZP 158:160 CZP 158:160 Junzao polysaccharides (CZP) were extracted by hot water and ultrasound-assisted extraction respectively. 24211429 2 28 theme Junzao 134:139 arg1 polysaccharides 141:155 Junzao polysaccharides 134:155 Junzao polysaccharides (CZP) 134:161 Junzao polysaccharides (CZP) were extracted by hot water and ultrasound-assisted extraction respectively. 24211429 5 29 theme molar 488:492 arg1 2.63 530:533 2.63 530:533 2.63 530:533 However, the molar ratio of CZPU was 5.46: 4.96: 5.17: 2.63: 1, while it was 5.46: 4.89: 3.65: 2.54: 1 for CZPH. 24211429 5 29 theme molar 488:492 arg1 ratio 494:498 the molar ratio 484:498 the molar ratio of CZPU 484:506 However, the molar ratio of CZPU was 5.46: 4.96: 5.17: 2.63: 1, while it was 5.46: 4.89: 3.65: 2.54: 1 for CZPH. 26397315 7 0 theme solids 1133:1138 arg1 content 1140:1146 the solids content 1129:1146 the solids content 1129:1146 The drying time, affected by the solids content, was found to control the level of advancement of the phase segregation. 26397315 3 1 from microscopy 432:441 arg1 film 463:466 dried film 457:466 dried film 457:466 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 3 1 from microscopy 432:441 arg1 particles 515:523 spray dried particles 503:523 spray dried particles 503:523 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 3 1 from microscopy 432:441 arg1 particles 488:496 dried particles 482:496 dried particles 482:496 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 1 2 theme thermodynamically 146:162 arg1 incompatibility 164:178 their thermodynamically incompatibility 140:178 their thermodynamically incompatibility under certain conditions 140:203 Mixing of two biopolymers can results in phase separation due to their thermodynamically incompatibility under certain conditions. 26397315 6 3 theme HPMC-enriched 960:972 arg1 phase 974:978 the HPMC-enriched phase 956:978 the HPMC-enriched phase 956:978 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 0 4 from Segregation 6:16 arg1 Particles 40:48 Individually Dried Particles 21:48 Individually Dried Particles 21:48 Phase Segregation in Individually Dried Particles Composed of Biopolymers. 26397315 2 5 theme drying 343:348 arg1 consequence 328:338 a consequence 326:338 a consequence of drying 326:348 This phenomenon was first reported when the solution was allowed to equilibrate, but it has later been observed also as a consequence of drying. 26397315 2 5 theme drying 343:348 arg1 it 291:292 it 291:292 it 291:292 This phenomenon was first reported when the solution was allowed to equilibrate, but it has later been observed also as a consequence of drying. 26397315 4 6 from ingredients 653:663 arg1 particles 691:699 the individually dried particles 668:699 the individually dried particles 668:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 4 7 theme content 553:559 arg1 influence 530:538 The influence 526:538 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles 526:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 6 8 dep surface 1035:1041 arg1 i.e. 1013:1016 i.e. 1013:1016 i.e. 1013:1016 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 4 9 theme phase 569:573 arg1 composition 582:592 composition 582:592 composition 582:592 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 4 9 theme phase 569:573 arg1 ratio 575:579 the phase ratio 565:579 the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture 565:624 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 6 10 theme bicontinuous 1078:1089 arg1 pattern 1091:1097 a more or less bicontinuous pattern 1063:1097 a more or less bicontinuous pattern 1063:1097 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 5 11 theme single 829:834 arg1 drying 845:850 single particle drying 829:850 single particle drying 829:850 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 6 12 theme more 1065:1068 arg1 pattern 1091:1097 a more or less bicontinuous pattern 1063:1097 a more or less bicontinuous pattern 1063:1097 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 5 13 theme film 816:819 arg1 drying 821:826 film drying 816:826 film drying 816:826 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 3 14 theme dried 509:513 arg1 particles 515:523 spray dried particles 503:523 spray dried particles 503:523 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 4 15 from localization 633:644 arg1 particles 691:699 the individually dried particles 668:699 the individually dried particles 668:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 3 16 theme Raman 426:430 arg1 microscopy 432:441 confocal Raman microscopy 417:441 confocal Raman microscopy 417:441 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 5 17 theme HPMC 757:760 arg1 segregation 742:752 phase segregation 736:752 phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin 736:777 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 6 18 theme maltodextrin-enriched 984:1004 arg1 phase 1006:1010 maltodextrin-enriched phase 984:1010 maltodextrin-enriched phase 984:1010 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 1 19 theme certain 186:192 arg1 conditions 194:203 certain conditions 186:203 certain conditions 186:203 Mixing of two biopolymers can results in phase separation due to their thermodynamically incompatibility under certain conditions. 26397315 3 20 theme study 374:378 arg1 challenges 355:364 The challenges 351:364 The challenges of this study 351:378 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 7 21 theme drying 1104:1109 arg1 time 1111:1114 The drying time 1100:1114 The drying time 1100:1114 The drying time, affected by the solids content, was found to control the level of advancement of the phase segregation. 26397315 6 22 theme particle 1026:1033 arg1 surface 1035:1041 the particle surface 1022:1041 the particle surface 1022:1041 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 0 23 theme Phase 0:4 arg1 Segregation 6:16 Phase Segregation 0:16 Phase Segregation in Individually Dried Particles 0:48 Phase Segregation in Individually Dried Particles Composed of Biopolymers. 26397315 1 24 theme biopolymers 89:99 arg1 Mixing 75:80 Mixing 75:80 Mixing of two biopolymers 75:99 Mixing of two biopolymers can results in phase separation due to their thermodynamically incompatibility under certain conditions. 26397315 3 25 theme confocal 417:424 arg1 microscopy 432:441 confocal Raman microscopy 417:441 confocal Raman microscopy 417:441 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 5 26 theme solvent 793:799 arg1 evaporation 801:811 solvent evaporation 793:811 solvent evaporation 793:811 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 6 27 theme less 1073:1076 arg1 pattern 1091:1097 a more or less bicontinuous pattern 1063:1097 a more or less bicontinuous pattern 1063:1097 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 7 28 theme segregation 1208:1218 arg1 advancement 1183:1193 advancement 1183:1193 advancement of the phase segregation 1183:1218 The drying time, affected by the solids content, was found to control the level of advancement of the phase segregation. 26397315 4 29 from influence 530:538 arg1 localization 633:644 the localization 629:644 the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles 629:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 4 30 theme solid 547:551 arg1 content 553:559 the solid content 543:559 the solid content 543:559 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 5 31 theme spray 864:868 arg1 drying 870:875 spray drying 864:875 spray drying 864:875 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 3 32 theme dried 457:461 arg1 film 463:466 dried film 457:466 dried film 457:466 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 3 33 theme phase 396:400 arg1 segregation 402:412 phase segregation 396:412 phase segregation 396:412 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 3 34 theme dried 482:486 arg1 particles 488:496 dried particles 482:496 dried particles 482:496 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 4 35 theme mixture 618:624 arg1 content 553:559 the solid content 543:559 the solid content 543:559 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 4 35 theme mixture 618:624 arg1 composition 582:592 composition 582:592 composition 582:592 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 4 35 theme mixture 618:624 arg1 ratio 575:579 the phase ratio 565:579 the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture 565:624 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 0 36 theme Dried 34:38 arg1 Particles 40:48 Individually Dried Particles 21:48 Individually Dried Particles 21:48 Phase Segregation in Individually Dried Particles Composed of Biopolymers. 26397315 6 37 theme important 900:908 arg1 ratio 888:892 The phase ratio 878:892 The phase ratio 878:892 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 6 37 theme important 900:908 arg1 parameter 910:918 an important parameter 897:918 an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern 897:1097 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 4 38 theme HPMC/maltodextrin 600:616 arg1 mixture 618:624 a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture 598:624 a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture 598:624 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 5 39 theme maltodextrin 766:777 arg1 segregation 742:752 phase segregation 736:752 phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin 736:777 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 3 40 from LV-SEM 447:452 arg1 film 463:466 dried film 457:466 dried film 457:466 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 3 40 from LV-SEM 447:452 arg1 particles 515:523 spray dried particles 503:523 spray dried particles 503:523 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 3 40 from LV-SEM 447:452 arg1 particles 488:496 dried particles 482:496 dried particles 482:496 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 4 41 theme dried 685:689 arg1 particles 691:699 the individually dried particles 668:699 the individually dried particles 668:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 7 42 theme advancement 1183:1193 arg1 level 1174:1178 the level 1170:1178 the level of advancement of the phase segregation 1170:1218 The drying time, affected by the solids content, was found to control the level of advancement of the phase segregation. 26397315 1 43 theme phase 116:120 arg1 separation 122:131 phase separation 116:131 phase separation 116:131 Mixing of two biopolymers can results in phase separation due to their thermodynamically incompatibility under certain conditions. 26397315 4 44 from particles 691:699 arg1 localization 633:644 the localization 629:644 the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles 629:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 6 45 theme phase 1006:1010 arg1 localization 940:951 the localization 936:951 the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase 936:1010 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 4 46 theme ratio 575:579 arg1 influence 530:538 The influence 526:538 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles 526:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 7 47 theme phase 1202:1206 arg1 segregation 1208:1218 the phase segregation 1198:1218 the phase segregation 1198:1218 The drying time, affected by the solids content, was found to control the level of advancement of the phase segregation. 26397315 4 48 theme ingredients 653:663 arg1 localization 633:644 the localization 629:644 the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles 629:699 The influence of the solid content and the phase ratio (composition) of a HPMC/maltodextrin mixture on the localization of the ingredients in the individually dried particles was investigated. 26397315 5 49 theme particle 836:843 arg1 drying 845:850 single particle drying 829:850 single particle drying 829:850 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 5 50 theme phase 736:740 arg1 segregation 742:752 phase segregation 736:752 phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin 736:777 We observed that phase segregation of HPMC and maltodextrin is induced by solvent evaporation in film drying, single particle drying, as well as spray drying. 26397315 6 51 theme phase 882:886 arg1 ratio 888:892 The phase ratio 878:892 The phase ratio 878:892 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 6 51 theme phase 882:886 arg1 parameter 910:918 an important parameter 897:918 an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern 897:1097 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 26397315 3 52 theme spray 503:507 arg1 particles 515:523 spray dried particles 503:523 spray dried particles 503:523 The challenges of this study were to observe phase segregation by confocal Raman microscopy and LV-SEM on dried film, individually dried particles, and spray dried particles. 26397315 6 53 theme phase 974:978 arg1 localization 940:951 the localization 936:951 the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase 936:1010 The phase ratio is an important parameter that influences the localization of the HPMC-enriched phase and maltodextrin-enriched phase, i.e., to the particle surface, to the core, or in a more or less bicontinuous pattern. 25210975 7 0 theme B 1515:1515 arg1 cells 1531:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 9 1 theme N-glycome 1681:1689 arg1 signatures 1691:1700 N-glycome signatures 1681:1700 N-glycome signatures 1681:1700 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 3 2 theme basal 750:754 arg1 subtype 758:764 basal B subtype 750:764 basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T) 750:795 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 2 theme basal 750:754 arg1 HS578T 789:794 HS578T 789:794 HS578T 789:794 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 3 theme normal 607:612 arg1 HMEC 640:643 HMEC 640:643 HMEC 640:643 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 3 theme normal 607:612 arg1 cells 633:637 normal mammary epithelial cells 607:637 normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) 607:644 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 5 4 theme 0.0001-0.001 1173:1184 arg1 0.0001 1137:1142 0.0001 1137:1142 0.0001 1137:1142 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 5 4 theme 0.0001-0.001 1173:1184 arg1 p 1169:1169 p 1169:1169 p < 0.0001-0.001 1169:1184 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 4 5 theme N-glycans 895:903 arg1 total 883:887 a total 881:887 a total of 74 N-glycans 881:903 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 11 6 theme information 2009:2019 arg1 pieces 1988:1993 important pieces 1978:1993 important pieces of structural information 1978:2019 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 2 7 theme cells 330:334 arg1 secretomes 300:309 secretomes 300:309 secretomes of cultured cancer cells 300:334 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells provides an opportunity to investigate the link between protein N-glycosylation and tumorigenesis. 25210975 7 8 theme α2,3-sialylation 1485:1500 arg1 expression 1471:1480 the preferential expression 1454:1480 the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells 1454:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 4 9 theme fragmentation 866:878 arg1 basis 805:809 the basis 801:809 the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation 801:878 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 2 10 theme cultured 314:321 arg1 cells 330:334 cultured cancer cells 314:334 cultured cancer cells 314:334 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells provides an opportunity to investigate the link between protein N-glycosylation and tumorigenesis. 25210975 9 11 theme N-glycosylation 1731:1745 arg1 involvement 1716:1726 the involvement 1712:1726 the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer 1712:1755 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 8 12 theme regulated 1574:1582 arg1 N-glycans 1584:1592 the regulated N-glycans 1570:1592 the regulated N-glycans 1570:1592 Pathway analysis indicated that the regulated N-glycans were biosynthetically related. 25210975 6 13 theme other 1213:1217 arg1 features 1226:1233 other glycan features 1213:1233 other glycan features 1213:1233 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 0 14 theme subtype 152:158 arg1 classification 160:173 tumorigenic subtype classification 140:173 tumorigenic subtype classification 140:173 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 3 15 theme breast 650:655 arg1 cells 664:668 breast cancer cells 650:668 breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T) 650:795 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 16 theme A 691:691 arg1 MCF7 702:705 MCF7 702:705 MCF7 702:705 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 16 theme A 691:691 arg1 subtype 693:699 luminal A subtype 683:699 luminal A subtype (MCF7) 683:706 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 11 17 theme cancer 2173:2178 arg1 markers 2180:2186 candidate cancer markers 2163:2186 candidate cancer markers 2163:2186 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 6 18 theme cancer 1270:1275 arg1 paucimannose 1298:1309 paucimannose 1298:1309 paucimannose 1298:1309 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 18 theme cancer 1270:1275 arg1 secretomes 1277:1286 breast cancer secretomes 1263:1286 breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1263:1395 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 18 theme cancer 1270:1275 arg1 N-glycans 1328:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 2 19 theme secretomes 300:309 arg1 profiling 287:295 N-Glycan profiling 278:295 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells 278:334 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells provides an opportunity to investigate the link between protein N-glycosylation and tumorigenesis. 25210975 5 20 gly sialylated 1003:1012 arg1 N-glycans 1043:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 6 21 theme LacdiNAc 1375:1382 arg1 determinants 1384:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 3 22 dep HS578T 789:794 arg1 MDA-MB231 778:786 MDA-MB231 778:786 MDA-MB231 778:786 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 10 23 theme epithelial 1854:1863 arg1 lines 1870:1874 breast epithelial cell lines 1847:1874 breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1847:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 1 24 theme cellular 189:196 arg1 source 233:238 a rich source 226:238 a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins 226:275 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 1 24 theme cellular 189:196 arg1 secretome 212:220 secretome 212:220 secretome 212:220 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 1 24 theme cellular 189:196 arg1 sub-proteome 198:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome 176:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) 176:221 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 5 25 gly fucosylated 1018:1028 arg1 N-glycans 1043:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 0 26 theme unique 87:92 arg1 signatures 120:129 unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures 87:129 unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification 87:173 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 1 27 gly glycoproteins 263:275 arg1 glycoproteins 263:275 biologically active glycoproteins 243:275 biologically active glycoproteins 243:275 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 10 28 theme lines 1870:1874 arg1 panel 1838:1842 a panel 1836:1842 a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1836:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 0 29 theme N-glycosylation 104:118 arg1 signatures 120:129 unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures 87:129 unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification 87:173 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 5 30 theme sialylated 1003:1012 arg1 N-glycans 1043:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 8 31 theme Pathway 1538:1544 arg1 analysis 1546:1553 Pathway analysis 1538:1553 Pathway analysis 1538:1553 Pathway analysis indicated that the regulated N-glycans were biosynthetically related. 25210975 11 32 theme structural 1998:2007 arg1 information 2009:2019 structural information 1998:2019 structural information 1998:2019 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 4 33 theme intact 814:819 arg1 mass 831:834 intact molecular mass 814:834 intact molecular mass 814:834 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 11 34 theme drug 2202:2205 arg1 targets 2207:2213 potential drug targets 2192:2213 potential drug targets 2192:2213 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 6 35 theme type 1323:1326 arg1 N-glycans 1328:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 5 36 theme fucosylated 1018:1028 arg1 N-glycans 1043:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 0 37 theme Comprehensive 0:12 arg1 profiling 24:32 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling 0:32 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells 0:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 10 38 gly N-glycosylation 1817:1831 arg1 panel 1838:1842 a panel 1836:1842 a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1836:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 5 39 theme significant 974:984 arg1 levels 986:991 significant levels 974:991 significant levels 974:991 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 11 40 theme breast 2073:2078 arg1 development 2087:2097 breast cancer development 2073:2097 breast cancer development 2073:2097 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 9 41 theme Tight 1625:1629 arg1 clustering 1631:1640 Tight clustering 1625:1640 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures 1625:1700 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 3 42 theme N-glycans 496:504 arg1 carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS 445:467 carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS 445:467 carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans 445:504 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 0 43 theme cells 70:74 arg1 profiling 24:32 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling 0:32 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells 0:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 11 44 theme important 1978:1986 arg1 pieces 1988:1993 important pieces 1978:1993 important pieces of structural information 1978:2019 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 4 45 theme time 850:853 arg1 basis 805:809 the basis 801:809 the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation 801:878 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 3 46 theme secretome 534:542 arg1 N-glycosylation 544:558 the secretome N-glycosylation 530:558 the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T) 530:795 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 0 47 theme cultured 37:44 arg1 cells 70:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 3 48 theme released 480:487 arg1 N-glycans 496:504 protein released native N-glycans 472:504 protein released native N-glycans 472:504 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 49 theme HER2-overexpressing 709:727 arg1 subtype 729:735 HER2-overexpressing subtype 709:735 HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3) 709:743 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 49 theme HER2-overexpressing 709:727 arg1 SKBR3 738:742 SKBR3 738:742 SKBR3 738:742 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 50 gly N-glycosylation 544:558 arg1 cells 591:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 51 theme breast 584:589 arg1 cells 591:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 0 52 theme epithelial 52:61 arg1 cells 70:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 9 53 theme breast 1649:1654 arg1 subtypes 1663:1670 the breast cancer subtypes 1645:1670 the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures 1645:1700 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 11 54 theme biomolecular 2044:2055 arg1 knowledge 2116:2124 knowledge 2116:2124 knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets 2116:2213 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 11 54 theme biomolecular 2044:2055 arg1 deregulation 2057:2068 the biomolecular deregulation 2040:2068 the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression 2040:2113 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 4 55 theme mass 831:834 arg1 basis 805:809 the basis 801:809 the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation 801:878 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 3 56 theme human 567:571 arg1 cells 591:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 1 57 theme active 256:261 arg1 glycoproteins 263:275 biologically active glycoproteins 243:275 biologically active glycoproteins 243:275 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 11 58 theme cancer 2080:2085 arg1 development 2087:2097 breast cancer development 2073:2097 breast cancer development 2073:2097 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 7 59 theme breast 1517:1522 arg1 cells 1531:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 5 60 theme type 1038:1041 arg1 N-glycans 1043:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 4 61 theme LC 837:838 arg1 time 850:853 LC retention time 837:853 LC retention time 837:853 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 3 62 theme mammary 614:620 arg1 HMEC 640:643 HMEC 640:643 HMEC 640:643 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 62 theme mammary 614:620 arg1 cells 633:637 normal mammary epithelial cells 607:637 normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) 607:644 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 7 63 theme basal 1509:1513 arg1 cells 1531:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 5 64 dep HMEC 1106:1109 arg1 < 1135:1135 < 1135:1135 < 1135:1135 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 5 65 theme < 1171:1171 arg1 0.0001-0.001 1173:1184 0.0001-0.001 1173:1184 0.0001-0.001 1173:1184 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 11 66 theme targets 2207:2213 arg1 discovery 2150:2158 the discovery 2146:2158 the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets 2146:2213 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 10 67 theme different 1889:1897 arg1 subtypes 1899:1906 different subtypes 1889:1906 different subtypes 1889:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 3 68 theme B 756:756 arg1 subtype 758:764 basal B subtype 750:764 basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T) 750:795 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 68 theme B 756:756 arg1 HS578T 789:794 HS578T 789:794 HS578T 789:794 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 11 69 theme potential 2192:2200 arg1 targets 2207:2213 potential drug targets 2192:2213 potential drug targets 2192:2213 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 10 70 from conclusion 1761:1770 arg1 we 1773:1774 we 1773:1774 we 1773:1774 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 10 70 from conclusion 1761:1770 arg1 first 1784:1788 first 1784:1788 first 1784:1788 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 9 71 theme cancer 1656:1661 arg1 subtypes 1663:1670 the breast cancer subtypes 1645:1670 the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures 1645:1700 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 2 72 theme protein 392:398 arg1 N-glycosylation 400:414 protein N-glycosylation 392:414 protein N-glycosylation 392:414 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells provides an opportunity to investigate the link between protein N-glycosylation and tumorigenesis. 25210975 2 73 theme cancer 323:328 arg1 cells 330:334 cultured cancer cells 314:334 cultured cancer cells 314:334 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells provides an opportunity to investigate the link between protein N-glycosylation and tumorigenesis. 25210975 7 74 theme preferential 1458:1469 arg1 expression 1471:1480 the preferential expression 1454:1480 the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells 1454:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 4 75 theme MS/MS 860:864 arg1 fragmentation 866:878 MS/MS fragmentation 860:878 MS/MS fragmentation 860:878 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 11 76 from deregulation 2057:2068 arg1 development 2087:2097 breast cancer development 2073:2097 breast cancer development 2073:2097 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 11 76 from deregulation 2057:2068 arg1 progression 2103:2113 progression 2103:2113 progression 2103:2113 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 6 77 theme β1,4-GlcNAc 1359:1369 arg1 determinants 1384:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 78 theme glycan 1219:1224 arg1 features 1226:1233 other glycan features 1213:1233 other glycan features 1213:1233 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 3 79 theme cancer 657:662 arg1 cells 664:668 breast cancer cells 650:668 breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T) 650:795 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 7 80 from expression 1471:1480 arg1 cells 1531:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 6 81 contain containing 1338:1347 arg2 determinants 1384:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 81 contain containing 1338:1347 arg1 paucimannose 1298:1309 paucimannose 1298:1309 paucimannose 1298:1309 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 82 theme complex 1315:1321 arg1 N-glycans 1328:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 10 83 theme secretome 1807:1815 arg1 N-glycosylation 1817:1831 the secretome N-glycosylation 1803:1831 the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1803:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 1 84 theme rich 228:231 arg1 source 233:238 a rich source 226:238 a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins 226:275 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 1 84 theme rich 228:231 arg1 sub-proteome 198:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome 176:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) 176:221 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 9 85 from involvement 1716:1726 arg1 cancer 1750:1755 cancer 1750:1755 cancer 1750:1755 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 7 86 theme Subtype-specific 1398:1413 arg1 glycosylation 1415:1427 Subtype-specific glycosylation 1398:1427 Subtype-specific glycosylation 1398:1427 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 3 87 theme luminal 683:689 arg1 MCF7 702:705 MCF7 702:705 MCF7 702:705 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 87 theme luminal 683:689 arg1 subtype 693:699 luminal A subtype 683:699 luminal A subtype (MCF7) 683:706 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 10 88 theme panel 1838:1842 arg1 N-glycosylation 1817:1831 the secretome N-glycosylation 1803:1831 the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1803:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 11 89 theme markers 2180:2186 arg1 discovery 2150:2158 the discovery 2146:2158 the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets 2146:2213 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 6 90 theme breast 1263:1268 arg1 paucimannose 1298:1309 paucimannose 1298:1309 paucimannose 1298:1309 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 90 theme breast 1263:1268 arg1 secretomes 1277:1286 breast cancer secretomes 1263:1286 breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1263:1395 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 6 90 theme breast 1263:1268 arg1 N-glycans 1328:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 complex type N-glycans 1315:1336 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 5 91 theme cancer 1081:1086 arg1 cells 1088:1092 all cancer cells 1077:1092 all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively) 1077:1199 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 10 92 from first 1784:1788 arg1 conclusion 1761:1770 conclusion 1761:1770 conclusion 1761:1770 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 11 93 theme candidate 2163:2171 arg1 markers 2180:2186 candidate cancer markers 2163:2186 candidate cancer markers 2163:2186 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 5 94 theme relative 1094:1101 arg1 cells 1088:1092 all cancer cells 1077:1092 all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively) 1077:1199 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 10 95 theme cell 1865:1868 arg1 lines 1870:1874 breast epithelial cell lines 1847:1874 breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1847:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 1 96 theme secreted 180:187 arg1 source 233:238 a rich source 226:238 a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins 226:275 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 1 96 theme secreted 180:187 arg1 secretome 212:220 secretome 212:220 secretome 212:220 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 1 96 theme secreted 180:187 arg1 sub-proteome 198:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome 176:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) 176:221 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 0 97 theme secretome 94:102 arg1 signatures 120:129 unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures 87:129 unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification 87:173 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 6 98 theme bisecting 1349:1357 arg1 determinants 1384:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants 1349:1395 Similarly, other glycan features were found to be altered in breast cancer secretomes including paucimannose and complex type N-glycans containing bisecting β1,4-GlcNAc and LacdiNAc determinants. 25210975 9 99 theme subtypes 1663:1670 arg1 clustering 1631:1640 Tight clustering 1625:1640 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures 1625:1700 Tight clustering of the breast cancer subtypes based on N-glycome signatures supported the involvement of N-glycosylation in cancer. 25210975 0 100 theme tumorigenic 140:150 arg1 classification 160:173 tumorigenic subtype classification 140:173 tumorigenic subtype classification 140:173 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 0 101 theme N-glycome 14:22 arg1 profiling 24:32 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling 0:32 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells 0:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 3 102 theme protein 472:478 arg1 N-glycans 496:504 protein released native N-glycans 472:504 protein released native N-glycans 472:504 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 5 103 dep < 1135:1135 arg1 % 1121:1121 57.7-87.2% 1112:1121 57.7-87.2% 1112:1121 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 5 103 dep < 1135:1135 arg1 % 1130:1130 24.9% 1126:1130 24.9% 1126:1130 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 11 104 theme N-glycome 1953:1961 arg1 mapping 1963:1969 N-glycome mapping 1953:1969 N-glycome mapping 1953:1969 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 2 105 theme N-Glycan 278:285 arg1 profiling 287:295 N-Glycan profiling 278:295 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells 278:334 N-Glycan profiling of secretomes of cultured cancer cells provides an opportunity to investigate the link between protein N-glycosylation and tumorigenesis. 25210975 11 106 theme lipid 1936:1940 arg1 profiling 1942:1950 lipid profiling 1936:1950 lipid profiling 1936:1950 Complementing proteome and lipid profiling, N-glycome mapping yields important pieces of structural information to help understand the biomolecular deregulation in breast cancer development and progression, knowledge that may facilitate the discovery of candidate cancer markers and potential drug targets. 25210975 0 107 theme human 46:50 arg1 cells 70:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 4 108 theme retention 840:848 arg1 time 850:853 LC retention time 837:853 LC retention time 837:853 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 0 109 theme breast 63:68 arg1 cells 70:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 cultured human epithelial breast cells 37:74 Comprehensive N-glycome profiling of cultured human epithelial breast cells identifies unique secretome N-glycosylation signatures enabling tumorigenic subtype classification. 25210975 3 110 theme native 489:494 arg1 N-glycans 496:504 protein released native N-glycans 472:504 protein released native N-glycans 472:504 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 111 theme cells 591:595 arg1 N-glycosylation 544:558 the secretome N-glycosylation 530:558 the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T) 530:795 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 5 112 theme complex 1030:1036 arg1 N-glycans 1043:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans 996:1051 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 4 113 theme molecular 821:829 arg1 mass 831:834 intact molecular mass 814:834 intact molecular mass 814:834 On the basis of intact molecular mass, LC retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation, a total of 74 N-glycans were confidently identified and quantified. 25210975 3 114 theme epithelial 573:582 arg1 cells 591:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 six human epithelial breast cells 563:595 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 1 115 theme glycoproteins 263:275 arg1 source 233:238 a rich source 226:238 a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins 226:275 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 1 115 theme glycoproteins 263:275 arg1 sub-proteome 198:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome 176:209 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) 176:221 The secreted cellular sub-proteome (secretome) is a rich source of biologically active glycoproteins. 25210975 7 116 theme cancer 1524:1529 arg1 cells 1531:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 the basal B breast cancer cells 1505:1535 Subtype-specific glycosylation were observed, including the preferential expression of α2,3-sialylation in the basal B breast cancer cells. 25210975 5 117 theme N-glycans 1043:1051 arg1 levels 986:991 significant levels 974:991 significant levels 974:991 The secretomes comprised significant levels of highly sialylated and fucosylated complex type N-glycans, which were elevated in all cancer cells relative to HMEC (57.7-87.2% vs 24.9%, p < 0.0001 and 57.1-78.0% vs 38.4%, p < 0.0001-0.001, respectively). 25210975 10 118 theme breast 1847:1852 arg1 lines 1870:1874 breast epithelial cell lines 1847:1874 breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes 1847:1906 In conclusion, we are the first to report on the secretome N-glycosylation of a panel of breast epithelial cell lines representing different subtypes. 25210975 3 119 theme epithelial 622:631 arg1 HMEC 640:643 HMEC 640:643 HMEC 640:643 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25210975 3 119 theme epithelial 622:631 arg1 cells 633:637 normal mammary epithelial cells 607:637 normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) 607:644 Utilizing carbon-LC-ESI-CID-MS/MS of protein released native N-glycans, we accurately profiled the secretome N-glycosylation of six human epithelial breast cells including normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells belonging to luminal A subtype (MCF7), HER2-overexpressing subtype (SKBR3), and basal B subtype (MDA-MB157, MDA-MB231, HS578T). 25817669 0 0 theme Amazonian 73:81 arg1 fruit 95:99 an Amazonian edible palm fruit 70:99 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 4 1 theme O-2 643:645 arg1 positions 647:655 O-3 and O-2 positions 635:655 positions 647:655 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 7 2 from data 984:987 arg1 present 962:968 present 962:968 present 962:968 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 4 3 attach linked 658:663 arg2 arabinan 613:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 4 3 attach linked 658:663 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 677:694 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 668:694 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 668:694 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 1 4 from extract 149:155 arg1 polysaccharides 120:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides 102:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 102:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 2 5 theme sequential 343:352 arg1 ultrafiltration 354:368 sequential ultrafiltration 343:368 sequential ultrafiltration through membranes 343:386 After freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments, extracted polysaccharides were purified by sequential ultrafiltration through membranes. 25817669 0 6 theme palm 90:93 arg1 fruit 95:99 an Amazonian edible palm fruit 70:99 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 4 7 theme Monosaccharide 493:506 arg1 composition 508:518 Monosaccharide composition 493:518 Monosaccharide composition 493:518 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 6 8 theme methyl 845:850 arg1 homogalacturonan 863:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan 838:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) 838:883 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 8 theme methyl 845:850 arg1 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 8 theme methyl 845:850 arg1 present 889:895 present 889:895 present 889:895 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 5 9 attach present 737:743 arg2 amounts 701:707 Low amounts 697:707 Low amounts of these polymers 697:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 9 attach present 737:743 arg2 polymers 718:725 these polymers 712:725 these polymers 712:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 9 attach present 737:743 arg1 SBW-30R 757:763 fraction SBW-30R 748:763 fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition 748:826 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 10 theme monosaccharide 801:814 arg1 composition 816:826 monosaccharide composition 801:826 monosaccharide composition 801:826 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 4 11 theme I 675:675 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 677:694 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 668:694 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 668:694 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 6 12 theme higher 900:905 arg1 proportions 907:917 higher proportions 900:917 higher proportions 900:917 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 0 13 theme edible 83:88 arg1 fruit 95:99 an Amazonian edible palm fruit 70:99 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 7 14 theme high 1045:1048 arg1 amounts 1050:1056 high amounts 1045:1056 high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 1045:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 2 15 theme freeze-thaw 262:272 arg1 treatments 288:297 freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments 262:297 freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments 262:297 After freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments, extracted polysaccharides were purified by sequential ultrafiltration through membranes. 25817669 7 16 theme commelinid 1100:1109 arg1 monocotyledons 1111:1124 commelinid monocotyledons 1100:1124 commelinid monocotyledons 1100:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 7 16 theme commelinid 1100:1109 arg1 palms 1083:1087 palms 1083:1087 palms 1083:1087 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 5 17 from SBW-30R 757:763 arg1 present 737:743 present 737:743 present 737:743 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 4 18 theme type 670:673 arg1 rhamnogalacturonan 677:694 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 668:694 a type I rhamnogalacturonan 668:694 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 5 19 theme NMR 784:786 arg1 analysis 788:795 (13)C NMR analysis 778:795 (13)C NMR analysis 778:795 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 1 20 theme buriti 160:165 arg1 pulp 173:176 buriti fruit pulp 160:176 buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 160:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 7 21 theme cell 1069:1072 arg1 walls 1074:1078 primary cell walls 1061:1078 primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 1061:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 5 22 from present 737:743 arg1 SBW-30R 757:763 fraction SBW-30R 748:763 fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition 748:826 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 7 23 from present 962:968 arg1 data 984:987 literature data 973:987 literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 973:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 7 24 attach present 962:968 arg2 findings 953:960 previous findings 944:960 previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 944:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 7 24 attach present 962:968 arg1 data 984:987 literature data 973:987 literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 973:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 1 25 theme fruit 167:171 arg1 pulp 173:176 buriti fruit pulp 160:176 buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 160:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 0 26 theme pectic 14:19 arg1 polysaccharides 21:35 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 0:35 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 0 27 from buriti 42:47 arg1 polysaccharides 21:35 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 0:35 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 7 28 theme pectic 1009:1014 arg1 polysaccharides 1016:1030 pectic polysaccharides 1009:1030 pectic polysaccharides 1009:1030 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 4 29 theme -linked 605:611 arg1 arabinan 613:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 2 30 theme extracted 300:308 arg1 polysaccharides 310:324 extracted polysaccharides 300:324 extracted polysaccharides 300:324 After freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments, extracted polysaccharides were purified by sequential ultrafiltration through membranes. 25817669 7 31 theme literature 973:982 arg1 data 984:987 literature data 973:987 literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 973:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 1 32 theme pulp 173:176 arg1 extract 149:155 aqueous extract 141:155 aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 141:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 0 33 theme Arabinan-rich 0:12 arg1 polysaccharides 21:35 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides 0:35 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 3 34 dep SBW-100R 430:437 arg1 Mw 452:453 Mw 452:453 Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively 452:489 Two homogeneous fractions were obtained, SBW-100R and SBW-30R (Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively). 25817669 5 35 theme C 782:782 arg1 analysis 788:795 (13)C NMR analysis 778:795 (13)C NMR analysis 778:795 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 36 theme fraction 748:755 arg1 SBW-30R 757:763 fraction SBW-30R 748:763 fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition 748:826 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 7 37 from amounts 1050:1056 arg1 walls 1074:1078 primary cell walls 1061:1078 primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 1061:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 1 38 theme Mauritia 179:186 arg1 palm 217:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 1 38 theme Mauritia 179:186 arg1 flexuosa 188:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 4 39 theme NMR 543:545 arg1 analysis 547:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis 493:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis 493:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 2 40 theme α-amylase 278:286 arg1 treatments 288:297 freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments 262:297 freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments 262:297 After freeze-thaw and α-amylase treatments, extracted polysaccharides were purified by sequential ultrafiltration through membranes. 25817669 4 41 theme C 541:541 arg1 NMR 543:545 (13)C NMR 537:545 (13)C NMR 537:545 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 6 42 from present 889:895 arg1 proportions 907:917 higher proportions 900:917 higher proportions 900:917 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 1 43 dep pulp 173:176 arg1 palm 217:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 1 43 dep pulp 173:176 arg1 flexuosa 188:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 5 44 theme polymers 718:725 arg1 amounts 701:707 Low amounts 697:707 Low amounts of these polymers 697:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 44 theme polymers 718:725 arg1 polymers 718:725 these polymers 712:725 these polymers 712:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 4 45 theme methylation 521:531 arg1 analysis 547:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis 493:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis 493:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 7 46 theme palms 1083:1087 arg1 walls 1074:1078 primary cell walls 1061:1078 primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 1061:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 4 47 theme composition 508:518 arg1 analysis 547:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis 493:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis 493:554 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 5 48 theme 13 779:780 arg1 C 782:782 C 782:782 C 782:782 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 7 49 theme primary 1061:1067 arg1 walls 1074:1078 primary cell walls 1061:1078 primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 1061:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 7 50 theme previous 944:951 arg1 findings 953:960 previous findings 944:960 previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 944:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 1 51 theme Primary 102:108 arg1 polysaccharides 120:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides 102:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 102:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 0 52 theme Mauritia 50:57 arg1 buriti 42:47 buriti 42:47 buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) 42:67 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 0 52 theme Mauritia 50:57 arg1 flexuosa 59:66 Mauritia flexuosa 50:66 Mauritia flexuosa 50:66 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 6 53 theme esterified 852:861 arg1 homogalacturonan 863:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan 838:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) 838:883 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 53 theme esterified 852:861 arg1 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 53 theme esterified 852:861 arg1 present 889:895 present 889:895 present 889:895 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 54 from proportions 907:917 arg1 homogalacturonan 863:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan 838:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) 838:883 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 54 from proportions 907:917 arg1 present 889:895 present 889:895 present 889:895 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 4 55 link -linked 605:611 arg1 arabinan 613:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 1 56 theme cell 110:113 arg1 polysaccharides 120:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides 102:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 102:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 7 57 located found 1036:1040 arg1 amounts 1050:1056 high amounts 1045:1056 high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 1045:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 7 57 located found 1036:1040 arg2 polysaccharides 1016:1030 pectic polysaccharides 1009:1030 pectic polysaccharides 1009:1030 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 4 58 dep -linked 605:611 arg1 → 601:601 1 → 5 599:603 1 → 5 599:603 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 5 59 located present 737:743 arg2 amounts 701:707 Low amounts 697:707 Low amounts of these polymers 697:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 59 located present 737:743 arg2 polymers 718:725 these polymers 712:725 these polymers 712:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 59 located present 737:743 arg1 SBW-30R 757:763 fraction SBW-30R 748:763 fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition 748:826 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 1 60 theme wall 115:118 arg1 polysaccharides 120:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides 102:134 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 102:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 1 61 theme exotic 201:206 arg1 palm 217:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 1 61 theme exotic 201:206 arg1 flexuosa 188:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 7 62 theme present 962:968 arg1 findings 953:960 previous findings 944:960 previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons 944:1124 These results reinforce previous findings present in literature data which indicate that pectic polysaccharides are found in high amounts in primary cell walls of palms, which are commelinid monocotyledons. 25817669 0 63 dep polysaccharides 21:35 arg1 fruit 95:99 an Amazonian edible palm fruit 70:99 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 0:100 Arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharides from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa): an Amazonian edible palm fruit. 25817669 3 64 theme kDa 473:475 arg1 Mw 452:453 Mw 452:453 Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively 452:489 Two homogeneous fractions were obtained, SBW-100R and SBW-30R (Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively). 25817669 1 65 theme tropical 208:215 arg1 palm 217:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 an exotic tropical palm 198:220 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 1 65 theme tropical 208:215 arg1 flexuosa 188:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Mauritia flexuosa 179:195 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 25817669 3 66 theme kDa 462:464 arg1 Mw 452:453 Mw 452:453 Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively 452:489 Two homogeneous fractions were obtained, SBW-100R and SBW-30R (Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively). 25817669 4 67 theme O-3 635:637 arg1 positions 647:655 O-3 and O-2 positions 635:655 positions 647:655 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 3 68 theme homogeneous 393:403 arg1 fractions 405:413 Two homogeneous fractions 389:413 Two homogeneous fractions 389:413 Two homogeneous fractions were obtained, SBW-100R and SBW-30R (Mw of 126 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively). 25817669 6 69 located present 889:895 arg1 proportions 907:917 higher proportions 900:917 higher proportions 900:917 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 69 located present 889:895 arg2 present 889:895 present 889:895 present 889:895 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 69 located present 889:895 arg2 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 69 located present 889:895 arg2 homogalacturonan 863:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan 838:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) 838:883 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 5 70 theme Low 697:699 arg1 amounts 701:707 Low amounts 697:707 Low amounts of these polymers 697:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 5 70 theme Low 697:699 arg1 polymers 718:725 these polymers 712:725 these polymers 712:725 Low amounts of these polymers were also present in fraction SBW-30R according to (13)C NMR analysis and monosaccharide composition. 25817669 6 71 theme high 840:843 arg1 homogalacturonan 863:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan 838:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) 838:883 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 71 theme high 840:843 arg1 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 71 theme high 840:843 arg1 present 889:895 present 889:895 present 889:895 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 4 72 contain contained 586:594 arg2 arabinan 613:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan 596:620 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 4 72 contain contained 586:594 arg1 fraction 568:575 fraction SBW-100R 568:584 fraction SBW-100R 568:584 Monosaccharide composition, methylation and (13)C NMR analysis showed that fraction SBW-100R contained a (1 → 5)-linked arabinan, branched at O-3 and O-2 positions, linked to a type I rhamnogalacturonan. 25817669 6 73 attach present 889:895 arg1 proportions 907:917 higher proportions 900:917 higher proportions 900:917 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 73 attach present 889:895 arg2 present 889:895 present 889:895 present 889:895 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 73 attach present 889:895 arg2 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 HG 881:882 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 6 73 attach present 889:895 arg2 homogalacturonan 863:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan 838:878 a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) 838:883 However, a high methyl esterified homogalacturonan (HG) was present in higher proportions. 25817669 1 74 theme aqueous 141:147 arg1 extract 149:155 aqueous extract 141:155 aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) 141:221 Primary cell wall polysaccharides from aqueous extract of buriti fruit pulp (Mauritia flexuosa, an exotic tropical palm) were isolated and characterized. 27833622 10 0 from pigmentation 1450:1461 arg1 tissues 1475:1481 vascular tissues 1466:1481 vascular tissues 1466:1481 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 9 1 dep seven 1305:1309 arg1 to 1293:1294 to 1293:1294 to 1293:1294 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 16 2 theme Araf 2219:2222 arg1 residues 2224:2231 fewer Araf residues 2213:2231 fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan 2213:2251 A decrease in cell wall-associated arabinose was expected, which was likely caused by fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan. 27833622 18 3 theme other 2545:2549 arg1 genes 2577:2581 other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2545:2581 other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2545:2581 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 6 4 theme glycosylated 830:841 arg1 polypeptides 843:854 UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides 786:854 UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides 786:854 A family of UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides catalyze the interconversion between UDP-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-Araf. 27833622 2 5 theme plant 343:347 arg1 recalcitrance 369:381 the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance 339:381 the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation 339:411 Saccharification and biofuel yields are inhibited by the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation. 27833622 10 6 contain had 1436:1438 arg2 pigmentation 1450:1461 increased pigmentation 1440:1461 increased pigmentation in vascular tissues 1440:1481 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 10 6 contain had 1436:1438 arg1 plants 1429:1434 Transgenic plants 1418:1434 Transgenic plants 1418:1434 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 5 7 theme arabinoxylan 688:699 arg1 synthesis 701:709 arabinoxylan synthesis 688:709 arabinoxylan synthesis 688:709 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 9 8 theme blot 1227:1230 arg1 analysis 1232:1239 Southern blot analysis 1218:1239 Southern blot analysis 1218:1239 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 18 9 theme increased 2416:2424 arg1 lignin 2426:2431 increased lignin 2416:2431 increased lignin 2416:2431 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 14 10 theme saccharification 1932:1947 arg1 efficiency 1949:1958 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency 1922:1958 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency 1922:1958 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was unchanged in the transgenic plants relative to the control. 27833622 18 11 theme lignin 2625:2630 arg1 production 2611:2620 even higher production 2599:2620 even higher production of lignin in biomass 2599:2641 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 12 12 theme arabinose 1731:1739 arg1 extension 1752:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 In addition, there was a commensurate change in arabinose side chain extension. 27833622 13 13 theme Cell 1763:1766 arg1 composition 1780:1790 Cell wall lignin composition 1763:1790 Cell wall lignin composition 1763:1790 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 9 14 theme transgenic 1255:1264 arg1 line 1266:1269 each transgenic line 1250:1269 each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions 1250:1326 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 2 15 theme biofuel 307:313 arg1 yields 315:320 Saccharification and biofuel yields 286:320 Saccharification and biofuel yields 286:320 Saccharification and biofuel yields are inhibited by the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation. 27833622 15 16 theme cell 2115:2118 arg1 walls 2120:2124 cell walls 2115:2124 cell walls 2115:2124 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 12 17 theme chain 1746:1750 arg1 extension 1752:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 In addition, there was a commensurate change in arabinose side chain extension. 27833622 10 18 theme Transgenic 1418:1427 arg1 plants 1429:1434 Transgenic plants 1418:1434 Transgenic plants 1418:1434 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 4 19 theme biomass 656:662 arg1 % 639:639 nearly 25% 630:639 nearly 25% of aboveground biomass 630:662 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 4 19 theme biomass 656:662 arg1 biomass 656:662 aboveground biomass 644:662 aboveground biomass 644:662 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 13 20 theme lignin 1773:1778 arg1 composition 1780:1790 Cell wall lignin composition 1763:1790 Cell wall lignin composition 1763:1790 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 0 21 theme Wall 106:109 arg1 Lignin 111:116 Increased Cell Wall Lignin 91:116 Increased Cell Wall Lignin 91:116 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 16 22 from residues 2224:2231 arg1 arabinoxylan 2240:2251 the arabinoxylan 2236:2251 the arabinoxylan 2236:2251 A decrease in cell wall-associated arabinose was expected, which was likely caused by fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan. 27833622 2 23 theme Saccharification 286:301 arg1 yields 315:320 Saccharification and biofuel yields 286:320 Saccharification and biofuel yields 286:320 Saccharification and biofuel yields are inhibited by the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation. 27833622 15 24 with Plants 2036:2041 arg1 transcript 2066:2075 attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2048:2075 attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2048:2075 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 15 25 contain had 2077:2079 arg1 Plants 2036:2041 Plants 2036:2041 Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2036:2075 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 15 25 contain had 2077:2079 arg2 lignin 2105:2110 lignin 2105:2110 lignin 2105:2110 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 15 25 contain had 2077:2079 arg2 cellulose 2091:2099 cellulose 2091:2099 cellulose 2091:2099 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 14 26 from plants 1992:1997 arg1 unchanged 1964:1972 unchanged 1964:1972 unchanged 1964:1972 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was unchanged in the transgenic plants relative to the control. 27833622 6 27 gly glycosylated 830:841 arg1 polypeptides 843:854 UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides 786:854 UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides 786:854 A family of UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides catalyze the interconversion between UDP-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-Araf. 27833622 9 28 theme % 1358:1358 arg1 reduction 1360:1368 a 95% reduction 1354:1368 a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes 1354:1415 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 17 29 from decrease 2258:2265 arg1 arabinoxylan 2270:2281 arabinoxylan 2270:2281 arabinoxylan 2270:2281 The decrease in arabinoxylan may cause a compensation response to maintain cell wall integrity by increasing cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. 27833622 7 30 theme cell 1077:1080 arg1 recalcitrance 1087:1099 cell wall recalcitrance 1077:1099 cell wall recalcitrance 1077:1099 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 13 31 from increase 1822:1829 arg1 content 1841:1847 lignin content 1834:1847 lignin content 1834:1847 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 13 31 from increase 1822:1829 arg1 abundance 1864:1872 transcript abundance 1853:1872 transcript abundance 1853:1872 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 12 32 theme commensurate 1708:1719 arg1 change 1721:1726 a commensurate change 1706:1726 a commensurate change in arabinose side chain extension 1706:1760 In addition, there was a commensurate change in arabinose side chain extension. 27833622 14 33 from unchanged 1964:1972 arg1 plants 1992:1997 the transgenic plants 1977:1997 the transgenic plants relative to the control 1977:2021 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was unchanged in the transgenic plants relative to the control. 27833622 18 34 theme carbon 2466:2471 arg1 production 2479:2488 carbon fiber production 2466:2488 carbon fiber production 2466:2488 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 7 35 theme gene 1013:1016 arg1 expression 951:960 The expression 947:960 The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, 947:1025 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 0 36 from Downregulation 0:13 arg1 Panicum 59:65 Panicum 59:65 Panicum 59:65 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 0 36 from Downregulation 0:13 arg1 Switchgrass 46:56 Switchgrass 46:56 Switchgrass 46:56 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 10 37 theme vascular 1466:1473 arg1 tissues 1475:1481 vascular tissues 1466:1481 vascular tissues 1466:1481 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 7 38 theme biosynthesis 992:1003 arg1 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 7 38 theme biosynthesis 992:1003 arg1 gene 1013:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 18 39 theme biosynthesis 2564:2575 arg1 genes 2577:2581 other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2545:2581 other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2545:2581 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 2 40 theme enzymatic 391:399 arg1 degradation 401:411 enzymatic degradation 391:411 enzymatic degradation 391:411 Saccharification and biofuel yields are inhibited by the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation. 27833622 0 41 theme Increased 91:99 arg1 Lignin 111:116 Increased Cell Wall Lignin 91:116 Increased Cell Wall Lignin 91:116 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 7 42 theme switchgrass 967:977 arg1 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 7 42 theme switchgrass 967:977 arg1 gene 1013:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 17 43 theme compensation 2295:2306 arg1 response 2308:2315 a compensation response 2293:2315 a compensation response 2293:2315 The decrease in arabinoxylan may cause a compensation response to maintain cell wall integrity by increasing cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. 27833622 16 44 theme wall-associated 2146:2160 arg1 arabinose 2162:2170 cell wall-associated arabinose 2141:2170 cell wall-associated arabinose 2141:2170 A decrease in cell wall-associated arabinose was expected, which was likely caused by fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan. 27833622 13 45 theme biosynthetic 1884:1895 arg1 genes 1897:1901 lignin biosynthetic genes 1877:1901 lignin biosynthetic genes 1877:1901 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 4 46 from abundant 589:596 arg1 arabinoxylan 601:612 arabinoxylan 601:612 arabinoxylan 601:612 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 9 47 theme 95 1356:1357 arg1 % 1358:1358 % 1358:1358 % 1358:1358 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 15 48 theme increased 2081:2089 arg1 cellulose 2091:2099 cellulose 2091:2099 cellulose 2091:2099 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 18 49 theme fiber 2473:2477 arg1 production 2479:2488 carbon fiber production 2466:2488 carbon fiber production 2466:2488 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 0 50 dep Panicum 59:65 arg1 L. 76:77 Panicum virgatum L. 59:77 Panicum virgatum L. 59:77 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 3 51 theme Plant 414:418 arg1 polysaccharides 434:448 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides 414:448 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans 414:470 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 3 51 theme Plant 414:418 arg1 arabinoxylans 458:470 arabinoxylans 458:470 arabinoxylans 458:470 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 1 52 dep Panicum 177:183 arg1 L. 194:195 Panicum virgatum L. 177:195 Panicum virgatum L. 177:195 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 13 53 theme transcript 1853:1862 arg1 abundance 1864:1872 transcript abundance 1853:1872 transcript abundance 1853:1872 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 0 54 theme Gene 38:41 arg1 Downregulation 0:13 Downregulation 0:13 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) 0:78 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 9 55 theme native 1373:1378 arg1 transcript 1387:1396 native PvUAM1 transcript 1373:1396 native PvUAM1 transcript 1373:1396 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 14 56 theme relative 1999:2006 arg1 plants 1992:1997 the transgenic plants 1977:1997 the transgenic plants relative to the control 1977:2021 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was unchanged in the transgenic plants relative to the control. 27833622 4 57 theme Type 561:564 arg1 walls 574:578 Type II cell walls 561:578 Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass 561:662 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 3 58 theme wall 519:522 arg1 polymers 524:531 other cell wall polymers 508:531 other cell wall polymers 508:531 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 9 59 theme transcript 1387:1396 arg1 reduction 1360:1368 a 95% reduction 1354:1368 a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes 1354:1415 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 13 60 from content 1841:1847 arg1 tillers 1913:1919 mature tillers 1906:1919 mature tillers 1906:1919 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 4 61 theme cell 569:572 arg1 walls 574:578 Type II cell walls 561:578 Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass 561:662 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 3 62 theme other 508:512 arg1 polymers 524:531 other cell wall polymers 508:531 other cell wall polymers 508:531 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 9 63 theme stem 1401:1404 arg1 internodes 1406:1415 stem internodes 1401:1415 stem internodes 1401:1415 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 7 64 from role 1069:1072 arg1 recalcitrance 1087:1099 cell wall recalcitrance 1077:1099 cell wall recalcitrance 1077:1099 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 7 64 from role 1069:1072 arg1 feedstock 1108:1116 the feedstock 1104:1116 the feedstock 1104:1116 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 16 65 theme fewer 2213:2217 arg1 residues 2224:2231 fewer Araf residues 2213:2231 fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan 2213:2251 A decrease in cell wall-associated arabinose was expected, which was likely caused by fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan. 27833622 13 66 theme lignin 1877:1882 arg1 genes 1897:1901 lignin biosynthetic genes 1877:1901 lignin biosynthetic genes 1877:1901 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 1 67 theme prairie 216:222 arg1 Switchgrass 164:174 Switchgrass 164:174 Switchgrass 164:174 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 67 theme prairie 216:222 arg1 grass 224:228 a C4 perennial prairie grass 201:228 a C4 perennial prairie grass 201:228 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 67 theme prairie 216:222 arg1 Background 152:161 Background 152:161 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 152:284 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 8 68 theme UDP-arabinose 1159:1171 arg1 mutase 1173:1178 UDP-arabinose mutase 1159:1178 UDP-arabinose mutase 1159:1178 PvUAM1 encodes a switchgrass homolog of UDP-arabinose mutase, which converts UDP-Arap to UDP-Araf. 27833622 5 69 theme primary 667:673 arg1 component 675:683 A primary component 665:683 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis 665:709 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 69 theme primary 667:673 arg1 diphosphate 722:732 uridine diphosphate 714:732 uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf) 714:771 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 2 70 theme cell 349:352 arg1 recalcitrance 369:381 the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance 339:381 the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation 339:411 Saccharification and biofuel yields are inhibited by the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation. 27833622 9 71 theme Southern 1218:1225 arg1 analysis 1232:1239 Southern blot analysis 1218:1239 Southern blot analysis 1218:1239 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 1 72 theme dedicated 236:244 arg1 Background 152:161 Background 152:161 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 152:284 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 72 theme dedicated 236:244 arg1 feedstock 246:254 a dedicated feedstock 234:254 a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels 234:283 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 18 73 dep feedstocks 2451:2460 arg1 e.g. 2445:2448 e.g. 2445:2448 e.g. 2445:2448 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 11 74 theme Cell 1565:1568 arg1 arabinose 1586:1594 Cell wall-associated arabinose 1565:1594 Cell wall-associated arabinose 1565:1594 Cell wall-associated arabinose was decreased in leaves and stems by over 50%, but there was an increase in cellulose. 27833622 12 75 theme side 1741:1744 arg1 extension 1752:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 In addition, there was a commensurate change in arabinose side chain extension. 27833622 10 76 theme increased 1440:1448 arg1 pigmentation 1450:1461 increased pigmentation 1440:1461 increased pigmentation in vascular tissues 1440:1481 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 18 77 theme downregulated 2491:2503 arg1 UAM1 2505:2508 downregulated UAM1 2491:2508 downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2491:2581 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 14 78 theme Enzymatic 1922:1930 arg1 efficiency 1949:1958 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency 1922:1958 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency 1922:1958 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was unchanged in the transgenic plants relative to the control. 27833622 13 79 theme wall 1768:1771 arg1 composition 1780:1790 Cell wall lignin composition 1763:1790 Cell wall lignin composition 1763:1790 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 14 80 theme transgenic 1981:1990 arg1 plants 1992:1997 the transgenic plants 1977:1997 the transgenic plants relative to the control 1977:2021 Enzymatic saccharification efficiency was unchanged in the transgenic plants relative to the control. 27833622 6 81 dep glycosylated 830:841 arg1 /reversible 818:828 /reversible 818:828 /reversible 818:828 A family of UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides catalyze the interconversion between UDP-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-Araf. 27833622 4 82 theme aboveground 644:654 arg1 biomass 656:662 aboveground biomass 644:662 aboveground biomass 644:662 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 7 83 theme wall 1082:1085 arg1 recalcitrance 1087:1099 cell wall recalcitrance 1077:1099 cell wall recalcitrance 1077:1099 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 12 84 from change 1721:1726 arg1 extension 1752:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 arabinose side chain extension 1731:1760 In addition, there was a commensurate change in arabinose side chain extension. 27833622 18 85 theme higher 2604:2609 arg1 production 2611:2620 even higher production 2599:2620 even higher production of lignin in biomass 2599:2641 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 5 86 theme synthesis 701:709 arg1 component 675:683 A primary component 665:683 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis 665:709 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 86 theme synthesis 701:709 arg1 diphosphate 722:732 uridine diphosphate 714:732 uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf) 714:771 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 17 87 theme wall 2334:2337 arg1 integrity 2339:2347 cell wall integrity 2329:2347 cell wall integrity 2329:2347 The decrease in arabinoxylan may cause a compensation response to maintain cell wall integrity by increasing cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. 27833622 5 88 theme uridine 714:720 arg1 component 675:683 A primary component 665:683 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis 665:709 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 88 theme uridine 714:720 arg1 diphosphate 722:732 uridine diphosphate 714:732 uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf) 714:771 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 88 theme uridine 714:720 arg1 UDP 735:737 UDP 735:737 UDP 735:737 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 10 89 from similar 1512:1518 arg1 morphology 1523:1532 morphology 1523:1532 morphology 1523:1532 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 9 90 theme T-DNA 1311:1315 arg1 insertions 1317:1326 one to at least seven T-DNA insertions 1289:1326 one to at least seven T-DNA insertions 1289:1326 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 10 91 from morphology 1523:1532 arg1 similar 1512:1518 similar 1512:1518 similar 1512:1518 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 18 92 theme genes 2577:2581 arg1 expression 2531:2540 altered expression 2523:2540 altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2523:2581 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 1 93 theme C4 203:204 arg1 Switchgrass 164:174 Switchgrass 164:174 Switchgrass 164:174 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 93 theme C4 203:204 arg1 grass 224:228 a C4 perennial prairie grass 201:228 a C4 perennial prairie grass 201:228 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 93 theme C4 203:204 arg1 Background 152:161 Background 152:161 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 152:284 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 13 94 theme genes 1897:1901 arg1 content 1841:1847 lignin content 1834:1847 lignin content 1834:1847 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 13 94 theme genes 1897:1901 arg1 abundance 1864:1872 transcript abundance 1853:1872 transcript abundance 1853:1872 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 18 95 theme altered 2523:2529 arg1 expression 2531:2540 altered expression 2523:2540 altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2523:2581 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 13 96 theme mature 1906:1911 arg1 tillers 1913:1919 mature tillers 1906:1919 mature tillers 1906:1919 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 0 97 theme Cell 101:104 arg1 Lignin 111:116 Increased Cell Wall Lignin 91:116 Increased Cell Wall Lignin 91:116 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 9 98 from reduction 1360:1368 arg1 internodes 1406:1415 stem internodes 1401:1415 stem internodes 1401:1415 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 7 99 theme pathway 1005:1011 arg1 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 7 99 theme pathway 1005:1011 arg1 gene 1013:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 18 100 theme arabinoxylan 2551:2562 arg1 genes 2577:2581 other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2545:2581 other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes 2545:2581 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 5 101 attach linked 740:745 arg2 component 675:683 A primary component 665:683 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis 665:709 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 101 attach linked 740:745 arg2 UDP 735:737 UDP 735:737 UDP 735:737 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 101 attach linked 740:745 arg2 diphosphate 722:732 uridine diphosphate 714:732 uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf) 714:771 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 101 attach linked 740:745 arg1 arabinofuranose 750:764 arabinofuranose 750:764 arabinofuranose (Araf) 750:771 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 5 101 attach linked 740:745 arg1 Araf 767:770 Araf 767:770 Araf 767:770 A primary component of arabinoxylan synthesis is uridine diphosphate (UDP) linked to arabinofuranose (Araf). 27833622 17 102 theme cell 2329:2332 arg1 integrity 2339:2347 cell wall integrity 2329:2347 cell wall integrity 2329:2347 The decrease in arabinoxylan may cause a compensation response to maintain cell wall integrity by increasing cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. 27833622 18 103 from production 2611:2620 arg1 biomass 2635:2641 biomass 2635:2641 biomass 2635:2641 In cases in which increased lignin is desired, e.g., feedstocks for carbon fiber production, downregulated UAM1 coupled with altered expression of other arabinoxylan biosynthesis genes might result in even higher production of lignin in biomass. 27833622 7 104 theme arabinoxylan 979:990 arg1 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 PvUAM1 1019:1024 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 7 104 theme arabinoxylan 979:990 arg1 gene 1013:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene 965:1016 Results: The expression of a switchgrass arabinoxylan biosynthesis pathway gene, PvUAM1, was decreased via RNAi to investigate its role in cell wall recalcitrance in the feedstock. 27833622 11 105 theme wall-associated 1570:1584 arg1 arabinose 1586:1594 Cell wall-associated arabinose 1565:1594 Cell wall-associated arabinose 1565:1594 Cell wall-associated arabinose was decreased in leaves and stems by over 50%, but there was an increase in cellulose. 27833622 16 106 theme cell 2141:2144 arg1 arabinose 2162:2170 cell wall-associated arabinose 2141:2170 cell wall-associated arabinose 2141:2170 A decrease in cell wall-associated arabinose was expected, which was likely caused by fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan. 27833622 13 107 theme lignin 1834:1839 arg1 content 1841:1847 lignin content 1834:1847 lignin content 1834:1847 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 2 108 theme natural 361:367 arg1 recalcitrance 369:381 the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance 339:381 the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation 339:411 Saccharification and biofuel yields are inhibited by the plant cell wall's natural recalcitrance against enzymatic degradation. 27833622 0 109 theme UDP-Arabinomutase 20:36 arg1 Gene 38:41 a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene 18:41 a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene 18:41 Downregulation of a UDP-Arabinomutase Gene in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Results in Increased Cell Wall Lignin While Reducing Arabinose-Glycans. 27833622 1 110 theme lignocellulosic 260:274 arg1 biofuels 276:283 lignocellulosic biofuels 260:283 lignocellulosic biofuels 260:283 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 15 111 theme PvUAM1 2059:2064 arg1 transcript 2066:2075 attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2048:2075 attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2048:2075 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 15 112 theme attenuated 2048:2057 arg1 transcript 2066:2075 attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2048:2075 attenuated PvUAM1 transcript 2048:2075 Conclusion: Plants with attenuated PvUAM1 transcript had increased cellulose and lignin in cell walls. 27833622 3 113 theme hemicellulose 420:432 arg1 polysaccharides 434:448 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides 414:448 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans 414:470 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 3 113 theme hemicellulose 420:432 arg1 arabinoxylans 458:470 arabinoxylans 458:470 arabinoxylans 458:470 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 4 114 from arabinoxylan 601:612 arg1 abundant 589:596 abundant 589:596 abundant 589:596 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 9 115 theme PvUAM1 1380:1385 arg1 transcript 1387:1396 native PvUAM1 transcript 1373:1396 native PvUAM1 transcript 1373:1396 Southern blot analysis revealed each transgenic line contained between one to at least seven T-DNA insertions, resulting in some cases, a 95% reduction of native PvUAM1 transcript in stem internodes. 27833622 8 116 theme switchgrass 1136:1146 arg1 PvUAM1 1119:1124 PvUAM1 1119:1124 PvUAM1 1119:1124 PvUAM1 encodes a switchgrass homolog of UDP-arabinose mutase, which converts UDP-Arap to UDP-Araf. 27833622 8 116 theme switchgrass 1136:1146 arg1 homolog 1148:1154 a switchgrass homolog 1134:1154 a switchgrass homolog 1134:1154 PvUAM1 encodes a switchgrass homolog of UDP-arabinose mutase, which converts UDP-Arap to UDP-Araf. 27833622 11 117 from increase 1660:1667 arg1 cellulose 1672:1680 cellulose 1672:1680 cellulose 1672:1680 Cell wall-associated arabinose was decreased in leaves and stems by over 50%, but there was an increase in cellulose. 27833622 10 118 theme non-transgenic 1541:1554 arg1 control 1556:1562 the non-transgenic control 1537:1562 the non-transgenic control 1537:1562 Transgenic plants had increased pigmentation in vascular tissues at nodes, but were otherwise similar in morphology to the non-transgenic control. 27833622 16 119 from decrease 2129:2136 arg1 arabinose 2162:2170 cell wall-associated arabinose 2141:2170 cell wall-associated arabinose 2141:2170 A decrease in cell wall-associated arabinose was expected, which was likely caused by fewer Araf residues in the arabinoxylan. 27833622 3 120 theme cell 514:517 arg1 polymers 524:531 other cell wall polymers 508:531 other cell wall polymers 508:531 Plant hemicellulose polysaccharides such as arabinoxylans structurally support and cross-link other cell wall polymers. 27833622 1 121 theme perennial 206:214 arg1 Switchgrass 164:174 Switchgrass 164:174 Switchgrass 164:174 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 121 theme perennial 206:214 arg1 grass 224:228 a C4 perennial prairie grass 201:228 a C4 perennial prairie grass 201:228 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 1 121 theme perennial 206:214 arg1 Background 152:161 Background 152:161 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 152:284 Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial prairie grass and a dedicated feedstock for lignocellulosic biofuels. 27833622 8 122 theme mutase 1173:1178 arg1 PvUAM1 1119:1124 PvUAM1 1119:1124 PvUAM1 1119:1124 PvUAM1 encodes a switchgrass homolog of UDP-arabinose mutase, which converts UDP-Arap to UDP-Araf. 27833622 8 122 theme mutase 1173:1178 arg1 homolog 1148:1154 a switchgrass homolog 1134:1154 a switchgrass homolog 1134:1154 PvUAM1 encodes a switchgrass homolog of UDP-arabinose mutase, which converts UDP-Arap to UDP-Araf. 27833622 6 123 theme polypeptides 843:854 arg1 family 776:781 A family 774:781 A family of UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides 774:854 A family of UDP-arabinopyranose mutase (UAM)/reversible glycosylated polypeptides catalyze the interconversion between UDP-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap) and UDP-Araf. 27833622 13 124 from abundance 1864:1872 arg1 tillers 1913:1919 mature tillers 1906:1919 mature tillers 1906:1919 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 17 125 theme lignin 2377:2382 arg1 biosynthesis 2384:2395 lignin biosynthesis 2377:2395 lignin biosynthesis 2377:2395 The decrease in arabinoxylan may cause a compensation response to maintain cell wall integrity by increasing cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. 27833622 13 126 theme concurrent 1811:1820 arg1 increase 1822:1829 a concurrent increase 1809:1829 a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers 1809:1919 Cell wall lignin composition was altered with a concurrent increase in lignin content and transcript abundance of lignin biosynthetic genes in mature tillers. 27833622 4 127 contain have 556:559 arg1 Grasses 534:540 Grasses 534:540 Grasses 534:540 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 27833622 4 127 contain have 556:559 arg2 walls 574:578 Type II cell walls 561:578 Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass 561:662 Grasses predominately have Type II cell walls that are abundant in arabinoxylan, which comprise nearly 25% of aboveground biomass. 28332009 2 0 theme high 509:512 arg1 proportion 514:523 a high proportion 507:523 a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform 507:562 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 2 0 theme high 509:512 arg1 % 529:529 >70% 526:529 >70% 526:529 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 1 1 theme BY-2 171:174 arg1 cells 187:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 1 2 theme full-size 263:271 arg1 antibodies 284:293 full-size monoclonal antibodies 263:293 full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium 263:348 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 1 3 theme suspension 176:185 arg1 cells 187:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 3 4 theme N-glycan 912:919 arg1 structures 921:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 1 5 theme monoclonal 273:282 arg1 antibodies 284:293 full-size monoclonal antibodies 263:293 full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium 263:348 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 4 6 theme BY-2 1014:1017 arg1 lines 1024:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 3 7 theme structures 921:930 arg1 structures 921:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 7 theme structures 921:930 arg1 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 7 theme structures 921:930 arg1 amount 883:888 a large amount 875:888 a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 875:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 7 theme structures 921:930 arg1 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 7 theme structures 921:930 arg1 epitopes 830:837 the plant epitopes 820:837 the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose) 820:869 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 1 8 theme antibodies 284:293 arg1 production 249:258 the production 245:258 the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium 245:348 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 4 9 theme tabacum 1006:1012 arg1 lines 1024:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 3 10 theme hybrid 772:777 arg1 structures 779:788 either hybrid structures 765:788 either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 765:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 2 11 theme antibody 387:394 arg1 characterization 364:379 Carbohydrate characterization 351:379 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells 351:438 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 4 12 theme human-like 1052:1061 arg1 antibodies 1063:1072 human-like antibodies 1052:1072 human-like antibodies 1052:1072 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 4 13 theme lines 1024:1028 arg1 suitability 963:973 the suitability 959:973 the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies 959:1072 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 2 14 theme N. 418:419 arg1 tabacum 421:427 N. tabacum 418:427 N. tabacum BY-2 cells 418:438 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 4 15 theme cell 1019:1022 arg1 lines 1024:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 4 16 theme N. 1003:1004 arg1 tabacum 1006:1012 N-glycoengineered N. tabacum 985:1012 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 3 17 dep epitopes 830:837 arg1 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 17 dep epitopes 830:837 arg1 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 17 dep epitopes 830:837 arg1 epitopes 830:837 the plant epitopes 820:837 the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose) 820:869 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 18 theme stable 569:574 arg1 co-expression 576:588 The stable co-expression 565:588 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments 565:672 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 1 19 theme several 198:204 arg1 advantages 206:215 several advantages 198:215 several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium 198:348 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 2 20 theme purified 456:463 arg1 Lo-BM2 465:470 the purified Lo-BM2 452:470 the purified Lo-BM2 452:470 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 3 21 theme low 803:805 arg1 abundance 807:815 a low abundance 801:815 a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 801:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 22 contain containing 790:799 arg2 abundance 807:815 a low abundance 801:815 a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 801:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 22 contain containing 790:799 arg1 structures 779:788 either hybrid structures 765:788 either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 765:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 0 23 theme IgG 22:24 arg1 antibody 26:33 an IgG antibody 19:33 an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 19:74 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 0 24 theme human 118:122 arg1 β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 124:150 human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 118:150 human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 118:150 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 3 25 theme human 595:599 arg1 β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 601:627 a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 593:627 a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments 593:672 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 2 26 theme GnGnXF 547:552 arg1 glycoform 554:562 the complex GnGnXF glycoform 535:562 the complex GnGnXF glycoform 535:562 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 4 27 theme antibodies 1063:1072 arg1 production 1038:1047 the production 1034:1047 the production of human-like antibodies 1034:1072 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 2 28 theme complex 539:545 arg1 glycoform 554:562 the complex GnGnXF glycoform 535:562 the complex GnGnXF glycoform 535:562 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 0 29 gly N-Glycosylation 0:14 arg1 antibody 26:33 an IgG antibody 19:33 an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 19:74 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 2 30 theme BY-2 429:432 arg1 cells 434:438 N. tabacum BY-2 cells 418:438 N. tabacum BY-2 cells 418:438 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 0 31 theme antibody 26:33 arg1 N-Glycosylation 0:14 N-Glycosylation 0:14 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 0:74 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 3 32 theme plant 824:828 arg1 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 β-1,2-xylose 857:868 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 32 theme plant 824:828 arg1 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 α-1,3-fucose 840:851 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 32 theme plant 824:828 arg1 epitopes 830:837 the plant epitopes 820:837 the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose) 820:869 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 0 33 theme β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 124:150 arg1 co-expression 101:113 co-expression 101:113 co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 101:150 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 1 34 contain have 193:196 arg1 cells 187:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 1 34 contain have 193:196 arg2 advantages 206:215 several advantages 198:215 several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium 198:348 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 3 35 theme β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 601:627 arg1 co-expression 576:588 The stable co-expression 565:588 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments 565:672 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 2 36 theme tabacum 421:427 arg1 cells 434:438 N. tabacum BY-2 cells 418:438 N. tabacum BY-2 cells 418:438 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 2 37 theme N-glycan 481:488 arg1 homogeneity 490:500 N-glycan homogeneity 481:500 N-glycan homogeneity 481:500 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 3 38 theme epitopes 830:837 arg1 abundance 807:815 a low abundance 801:815 a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 801:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 0 39 theme tabacum 57:63 arg1 cells 70:74 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 47:74 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 47:74 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 4 40 theme N-glycoengineered 985:1001 arg1 tabacum 1006:1012 N-glycoengineered N. tabacum 985:1012 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 1 41 theme culture 335:341 arg1 medium 343:348 the culture medium 331:348 the culture medium 331:348 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 2 42 theme glycoform 554:562 arg1 proportion 514:523 a high proportion 507:523 a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform 507:562 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 2 42 theme glycoform 554:562 arg1 % 529:529 >70% 526:529 >70% 526:529 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 3 43 theme different 641:649 arg1 sub-compartments 657:672 different Golgi sub-compartments 641:672 different Golgi sub-compartments 641:672 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 2 44 theme Carbohydrate 351:362 arg1 characterization 364:379 Carbohydrate characterization 351:379 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells 351:438 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 28332009 3 45 theme galactose-extended 893:910 arg1 structures 921:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 46 theme Golgi 651:655 arg1 sub-compartments 657:672 different Golgi sub-compartments 641:672 different Golgi sub-compartments 641:672 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 1 47 theme tabacum 163:169 arg1 cells 187:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 3 48 theme large 877:881 arg1 structures 921:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 galactose-extended N-glycan structures 893:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 3 48 theme large 877:881 arg1 amount 883:888 a large amount 875:888 a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 875:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 0 49 theme BY-2 65:68 arg1 cells 70:74 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 47:74 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 47:74 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 4 50 theme stable 978:983 arg1 lines 1024:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines 978:1028 These results demonstrate the suitability of stable N-glycoengineered N. tabacum BY-2 cell lines for the production of human-like antibodies. 28332009 1 51 theme Nicotiana 153:161 arg1 tabacum 163:169 Nicotiana tabacum 153:169 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells 153:191 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 suspension cells have several advantages that make them suitable for the production of full-size monoclonal antibodies which can be purified directly from the culture medium. 28332009 3 52 theme amount 883:888 arg1 abundance 807:815 a low abundance 801:815 a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 801:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 0 53 theme Nicotiana 47:55 arg1 tabacum 57:63 Nicotiana tabacum 47:63 Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells 47:74 N-Glycosylation of an IgG antibody secreted by Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells can be modulated through co-expression of human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase. 28332009 3 54 theme antibody 741:748 arg1 production 724:733 the production 720:733 the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures 720:930 The stable co-expression of a human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase targeted to different Golgi sub-compartments altered Lo-BM2N-glycosylation and resulted in the production of an antibody that exhibited either hybrid structures containing a low abundance of the plant epitopes (α-1,3-fucose and β-1,2-xylose), or a large amount of galactose-extended N-glycan structures. 28332009 2 55 gly glycoform 554:562 arg1 GnGnXF 547:552 the complex GnGnXF glycoform 535:562 the complex GnGnXF glycoform 535:562 Carbohydrate characterization of an antibody (Lo-BM2) expressed in N. tabacum BY-2 cells showed that the purified Lo-BM2 displays N-glycan homogeneity with a high proportion (>70%) of the complex GnGnXF glycoform. 24333678 0 0 theme polysaccharide 84:97 arg1 materials 109:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials 69:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether 69:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 1 1 from benzo-15-crown 305:318 arg1 composites 254:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites 218:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 218:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 2 2 theme chloride 354:361 arg1 liquid 388:393 liquid 388:393 liquid 388:393 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 2 theme chloride 354:361 arg1 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 2 theme chloride 354:361 arg1 [BMIm 363:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 2 theme chloride 354:361 arg1 solvent 420:426 a sole solvent 413:426 a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites 413:476 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 0 3 theme supramolecular 69:82 arg1 materials 109:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials 69:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether 69:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 8 4 theme qe 1263:1264 arg1 values 1266:1271 combined qe values 1254:1271 combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1254:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 4 5 theme heavy 730:734 arg1 ions 742:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 2 6 theme Butylmethylimidazolium 331:352 arg1 liquid 388:393 liquid 388:393 liquid 388:393 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 6 theme Butylmethylimidazolium 331:352 arg1 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 6 theme Butylmethylimidazolium 331:352 arg1 [BMIm 363:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 6 theme Butylmethylimidazolium 331:352 arg1 solvent 420:426 a sole solvent 413:426 a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites 413:476 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 9 7 theme larger 1524:1529 arg1 amount 1531:1536 relatively larger amount 1513:1536 relatively larger amount Cd(2+) 1513:1543 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 4 8 theme metal 736:740 arg1 ions 742:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 8 9 theme combined 1254:1261 arg1 values 1266:1271 combined qe values 1254:1271 combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1254:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 4 10 theme components 634:643 arg1 properties 614:623 properties 614:623 properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS) 614:788 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 9 11 theme amount 1531:1536 arg1 2+ 1541:1542 2+ 1541:1542 2+ 1541:1542 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 11 theme amount 1531:1536 arg1 Cd 1538:1539 relatively larger amount Cd 1513:1539 relatively larger amount Cd(2+) 1513:1543 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 11 theme amount 1531:1536 arg1 [CEL+B15C5 1479:1488 the [CEL+B15C5 1475:1488 the [CEL+B15C5 1475:1488 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 11 theme amount 1531:1536 arg1 Zn 1549:1550 Zn 1549:1550 Zn(2+) 1549:1554 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 11 theme amount 1531:1536 arg1 consequence 1443:1453 a consequence 1441:1453 a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] 1441:1469 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 0 12 theme composite 99:107 arg1 materials 109:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials 69:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether 69:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 4 13 dep components 634:643 arg1 strength 673:680 superior mechanical strength 653:680 superior mechanical strength (from CEL) 653:691 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 10 14 theme adsorption 1707:1716 arg1 efficiency 1718:1727 similar adsorption efficiency 1699:1727 similar adsorption efficiency 1699:1727 Moreover, the pollutants adsorbed on the composites can be quantitatively desorbed to enable the [CS+CEL+B15C5] composites to be reused with similar adsorption efficiency. 24333678 0 15 from ether 154:158 arg1 materials 109:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials 69:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether 69:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 9 16 with complexes 1399:1407 arg1 2+ 1417:1418 2+ 1417:1418 2+ 1417:1418 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 16 with complexes 1399:1407 arg1 Cd 1414:1415 Cd 1414:1415 Cd(2+) 1414:1419 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 16 with complexes 1399:1407 arg1 Zn 1425:1426 Zn 1425:1426 Zn(2+) 1425:1430 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 9 16 with complexes 1399:1407 arg1 2+ 1428:1429 2+ 1428:1429 2+ 1428:1429 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 4 17 theme adsorption 704:713 arg1 capability 715:724 excellent adsorption capability 694:724 excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS) 694:788 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 4 17 theme adsorption 704:713 arg1 components 634:643 their components 628:643 their components 628:643 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 10 18 theme similar 1699:1705 arg1 efficiency 1718:1727 similar adsorption efficiency 1699:1727 similar adsorption efficiency 1699:1727 Moreover, the pollutants adsorbed on the composites can be quantitatively desorbed to enable the [CS+CEL+B15C5] composites to be reused with similar adsorption efficiency. 24333678 8 19 theme qe 1143:1144 arg1 capacity 1133:1140 the adsorption capacity 1118:1140 the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5] 1118:1188 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 8 19 theme qe 1143:1144 arg1 values 1146:1151 qe values 1143:1151 qe values 1143:1151 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 7 20 theme composite 1011:1019 arg1 capability 993:1002 adsorption capability 982:1002 adsorption capability of the composite 982:1019 However, adsorption capability of the composite was substantially and synergistically enhanced by adding B15C5 to either CEL and/or CS. 24333678 8 21 theme CS 1287:1288 arg1 composites 1305:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 4 22 theme excellent 694:702 arg1 capability 715:724 excellent adsorption capability 694:724 excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS) 694:788 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 4 22 theme excellent 694:702 arg1 components 634:643 their components 628:643 their components 628:643 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 0 23 theme Synergistic 0:10 arg1 adsorption 12:21 Synergistic adsorption 0:21 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 0:159 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 8 24 theme individual 1276:1285 arg1 composites 1305:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 9 25 dep consequence 1443:1453 arg1 [CS+B15C5 1460:1468 the [CS+B15C5 1456:1468 the [CS+B15C5 1456:1468 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 1 26 theme simple 181:186 arg1 method 197:202 a simple one-step method 179:202 a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 179:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 1 27 from cellulose 270:278 arg1 composites 254:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites 218:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 218:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 8 28 theme CEL 1291:1293 arg1 composites 1305:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 1 29 from chitosan 287:294 arg1 composites 254:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites 218:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 218:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 0 30 from cellulose 124:132 arg1 materials 109:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials 69:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether 69:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 1 31 theme one-step 188:195 arg1 method 197:202 a simple one-step method 179:202 a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 179:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 0 32 theme heavy 26:30 arg1 ions 38:41 heavy metal ions 26:41 heavy metal ions 26:41 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 5 33 theme supramolecular 853:866 arg1 properties 868:877 truly supramolecular properties 847:877 truly supramolecular properties 847:877 More importantly, the [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites exhibit truly supramolecular properties. 24333678 2 34 theme composites 467:476 arg1 preparation 448:458 preparation 448:458 preparation of the composites 448:476 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 34 theme composites 467:476 arg1 dissolution 432:442 dissolution 432:442 dissolution 432:442 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 7 35 theme adsorption 982:991 arg1 capability 993:1002 adsorption capability 982:1002 adsorption capability of the composite 982:1019 However, adsorption capability of the composite was substantially and synergistically enhanced by adding B15C5 to either CEL and/or CS. 24333678 8 36 theme B15C5 1299:1303 arg1 composites 1305:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1276:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 0 37 theme ions 38:41 arg1 adsorption 12:21 Synergistic adsorption 0:21 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 0:159 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 0 38 theme crown 148:152 arg1 ether 154:158 crown ether 148:158 crown ether 148:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 4 39 from CS 786:787 arg1 ions 742:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 4 39 from CS 786:787 arg1 pollutants 759:768 organic pollutants 751:768 organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS) 751:788 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 0 40 theme metal 32:36 arg1 ions 38:41 heavy metal ions 26:41 heavy metal ions 26:41 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 8 41 theme [CEL+CS+B15C5 1207:1219 arg1 composites 1222:1231 [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites 1191:1231 composites 1222:1231 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 1 42 theme novel 218:222 arg1 composites 254:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites 218:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 218:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 0 43 theme organic 47:53 arg1 pollutants 55:64 organic pollutants 47:64 organic pollutants 47:64 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 8 44 theme composites 1305:1314 arg1 values 1266:1271 combined qe values 1254:1271 combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites 1254:1314 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 4 45 from B15C5 776:780 arg1 ions 742:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 heavy metal ions 730:745 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 4 45 from B15C5 776:780 arg1 pollutants 759:768 organic pollutants 751:768 organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS) 751:788 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 3 46 theme [BMIm 497:501 arg1 majority 485:492 majority 485:492 majority of [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used 485:515 Since majority of [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered for reuse, the method is recyclable. 24333678 4 47 theme [CEL/CS+B15C5 572:584 arg1 composites 587:596 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites 568:596 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained 568:605 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 4 48 theme organic 751:757 arg1 pollutants 759:768 organic pollutants 751:768 organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS) 751:788 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 2 49 used used 405:408 arg2 liquid 388:393 liquid 388:393 liquid 388:393 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 49 used used 405:408 arg2 [BMIm 363:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 49 used used 405:408 arg2 solvent 420:426 a sole solvent 413:426 a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites 413:476 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 49 used used 405:408 arg2 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 9 50 theme stable 1392:1397 arg1 complexes 1399:1407 more stable complexes 1387:1407 more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)) 1387:1431 It seems that B15C5 synergistically interact with CS (or CEL) to form more stable complexes with Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)), and as a consequence, the [CS+B15C5] (or the [CEL+B15C5]) composite can adsorb relatively larger amount Cd(2+) (or Zn(2+)). 24333678 4 51 from CEL 688:690 arg1 strength 673:680 superior mechanical strength 653:680 superior mechanical strength (from CEL) 653:691 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 4 52 theme mechanical 662:671 arg1 strength 673:680 superior mechanical strength 653:680 superior mechanical strength (from CEL) 653:691 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 1 53 theme supramolecular 224:237 arg1 composites 254:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites 218:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 218:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 4 54 theme superior 653:660 arg1 strength 673:680 superior mechanical strength 653:680 superior mechanical strength (from CEL) 653:691 The [CEL/CS+B15C5] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions and organic pollutants (from B15C5 and CS). 24333678 1 55 theme polysaccharide 239:252 arg1 composites 254:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites 218:263 novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5) 218:328 We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composites from cellulose (CEL), chitosan (CS) and benzo-15-crown 5 (B15C5). 24333678 2 56 theme sole 415:418 arg1 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Cl 371:372 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 56 theme sole 415:418 arg1 [BMIm 363:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm 331:367 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 2 56 theme sole 415:418 arg1 solvent 420:426 a sole solvent 413:426 a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites 413:476 Butylmethylimidazolium chloride [BMIm(+)Cl(-)], an ionic liquid (IL), was used as a sole solvent for dissolution and preparation of the composites. 24333678 3 57 theme Cl 505:506 arg1 majority 485:492 majority 485:492 majority of [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used 485:515 Since majority of [BMIm(+)Cl(-)] used was recovered for reuse, the method is recyclable. 24333678 0 58 from chitosan 135:142 arg1 materials 109:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials 69:117 supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether 69:158 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 0 59 theme pollutants 55:64 arg1 adsorption 12:21 Synergistic adsorption 0:21 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 0:159 Synergistic adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants by supramolecular polysaccharide composite materials from cellulose, chitosan and crown ether. 24333678 8 60 theme adsorption 1122:1131 arg1 capacity 1133:1140 the adsorption capacity 1118:1140 the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5] 1118:1188 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 8 60 theme adsorption 1122:1131 arg1 values 1146:1151 qe values 1143:1151 qe values 1143:1151 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 24333678 8 60 theme adsorption 1122:1131 arg1 That 1109:1112 That 1109:1112 That 1109:1112 That is, the adsorption capacity (qe values) for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) by [CS+B15C5], [CEL+B15C5] and [CEL+CS+B15C5] composites are much higher than combined qe values of individual CS, CEL and B15C5 composites. 27919812 2 0 theme physicochemical 301:315 arg1 properties 317:326 Their physicochemical properties 295:326 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein 295:391 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 2 0 theme physicochemical 301:315 arg1 contents 342:349 the contents 338:349 the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein 338:391 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 5 1 with galactose 964:972 arg1 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 5 1 with galactose 964:972 arg1 types 1028:1032 different types 1018:1032 different types 1018:1032 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 0 2 from properties 16:25 arg1 procumbens 85:94 Gynura procumbens 78:94 Gynura procumbens 78:94 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 5 3 theme different 1018:1026 arg1 types 1028:1032 different types 1018:1032 different types 1018:1032 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 4 4 theme uronic 742:747 arg1 acids 749:753 uronic acids 742:753 uronic acids 742:753 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 3 5 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 577:605 arg1 radicals 619:626 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals 577:626 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals 577:626 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 0 6 theme fractional 106:115 arg1 precipitation 117:129 fractional precipitation 106:129 fractional precipitation 106:129 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 3 7 theme radicals 646:653 arg1 assay 542:546 reducing power assay 527:546 reducing power assay 527:546 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 3 7 theme radicals 646:653 arg1 capacities 563:572 scavenging capacities 552:572 scavenging capacities 552:572 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 4 8 theme UV-vis 822:827 arg1 spectra 839:845 the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra 818:845 spectra 839:845 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 6 9 theme antioxidant 1162:1172 arg1 assays 1174:1179 these three antioxidant assays 1150:1179 these three antioxidant assays 1150:1179 What's more, GPP-20, GPP-40 and GPP-80 always exhibited better antioxidant activities than GPP-60 among these three antioxidant assays in vitro. 27919812 3 10 theme them 496:499 arg1 activities 482:491 the antioxidant activities 466:491 the antioxidant activities of them 466:499 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 5 11 theme composition 863:873 arg1 analysis 875:882 Monosaccharide composition analysis 848:882 Monosaccharide composition analysis 848:882 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 3 12 theme antioxidant 470:480 arg1 activities 482:491 the antioxidant activities 466:491 the antioxidant activities of them 466:499 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 2 13 theme neutral 354:360 arg1 sugar 362:366 neutral sugar 354:366 neutral sugar 354:366 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 5 14 with xylose 984:989 arg1 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 5 14 with xylose 984:989 arg1 types 1028:1032 different types 1018:1032 different types 1018:1032 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 1 15 dep % 264:264 arg1 v/v 267:269 v/v 267:269 v/v 267:269 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 1 16 dep polysaccharides 141:155 arg1 polysaccharides 141:155 Four new polysaccharides 132:155 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) 132:191 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 1 16 dep polysaccharides 141:155 arg1 GPP-80 185:190 GPP-80 185:190 GPP-80 185:190 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 1 16 dep polysaccharides 141:155 arg1 GPP-60 174:179 GPP-60 174:179 GPP-60 174:179 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 5 17 with acid 1008:1011 arg1 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 5 17 with acid 1008:1011 arg1 types 1028:1032 different types 1018:1032 different types 1018:1032 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 0 18 from activities 43:52 arg1 procumbens 85:94 Gynura procumbens 78:94 Gynura procumbens 78:94 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 6 19 theme antioxidant 1109:1119 arg1 activities 1121:1130 better antioxidant activities 1102:1130 better antioxidant activities 1102:1130 What's more, GPP-20, GPP-40 and GPP-80 always exhibited better antioxidant activities than GPP-60 among these three antioxidant assays in vitro. 27919812 3 20 dep assay 542:546 arg1 the 523:525 the 523:525 the 523:525 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 0 21 theme Physicochemical 0:14 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 6 22 theme better 1102:1107 arg1 activities 1121:1130 better antioxidant activities 1102:1130 better antioxidant activities 1102:1130 What's more, GPP-20, GPP-40 and GPP-80 always exhibited better antioxidant activities than GPP-60 among these three antioxidant assays in vitro. 27919812 5 23 theme Monosaccharide 848:861 arg1 analysis 875:882 Monosaccharide composition analysis 848:882 Monosaccharide composition analysis 848:882 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 2 24 theme protein 385:391 arg1 contents 342:349 the contents 338:349 the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein 338:391 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 5 25 theme galacturonic 995:1006 arg1 acid 1008:1011 galacturonic acid 995:1011 galacturonic acid 995:1011 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 5 25 theme galacturonic 995:1006 arg1 arabinose 953:961 arabinose 953:961 arabinose 953:961 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 2 26 theme acid 376:379 arg1 contents 342:349 the contents 338:349 the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein 338:391 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 4 27 theme neutral 708:714 arg1 sugar 716:720 neutral sugar 708:720 neutral sugar 708:720 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 2 28 theme uronic 369:374 arg1 acid 376:379 uronic acid 369:379 uronic acid 369:379 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 2 29 theme monosaccharide 409:422 arg1 composition 424:434 the monosaccharide composition 405:434 the monosaccharide composition 405:434 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 1 30 theme 80 262:263 arg1 % 264:264 % 264:264 % 264:264 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 3 31 theme free 614:617 arg1 radicals 619:626 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals 577:626 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals 577:626 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 1 32 theme Gynura 216:221 arg1 procumbens 223:232 Gynura procumbens 216:232 Gynura procumbens 216:232 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 1 33 theme % 264:264 arg1 ethanol 272:278 80% (v/v) ethanol 262:278 80% (v/v) ethanol 262:278 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 0 34 from procumbens 85:94 arg1 polysaccharides 57:71 polysaccharides 57:71 polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens 57:94 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 0 34 from procumbens 85:94 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 0 34 from procumbens 85:94 arg1 activities 43:52 antioxidant activities 31:52 antioxidant activities 31:52 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 0 35 theme antioxidant 31:41 arg1 activities 43:52 antioxidant activities 31:52 antioxidant activities 31:52 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 2 36 theme sugar 362:366 arg1 contents 342:349 the contents 338:349 the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein 338:391 Their physicochemical properties including the contents of neutral sugar, uronic acid and protein, as well as the monosaccharide composition were determined. 27919812 4 37 contain contained 732:740 arg1 they 723:726 they 723:726 they 723:726 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 4 37 contain contained 732:740 arg2 proteins 759:766 proteins 759:766 proteins 759:766 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 4 37 contain contained 732:740 arg2 acids 749:753 uronic acids 742:753 uronic acids 742:753 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 3 38 theme DPPH 608:611 arg1 radicals 619:626 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals 577:626 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals 577:626 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 3 39 theme reducing 527:534 arg1 assay 542:546 reducing power assay 527:546 reducing power assay 527:546 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 1 40 theme new 137:139 arg1 GPP-80 185:190 GPP-80 185:190 GPP-80 185:190 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 1 40 theme new 137:139 arg1 polysaccharides 141:155 Four new polysaccharides 132:155 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) 132:191 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 1 40 theme new 137:139 arg1 GPP-60 174:179 GPP-60 174:179 GPP-60 174:179 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 0 41 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 properties 16:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties 0:25 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 0 41 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 activities 43:52 antioxidant activities 31:52 antioxidant activities 31:52 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 4 42 theme FT-IR 833:837 arg1 spectra 839:845 the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra 818:845 spectra 839:845 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 3 43 theme hydroxyl 632:639 arg1 radicals 646:653 hydroxyl free radicals 632:653 hydroxyl free radicals 632:653 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 3 44 theme power 536:540 arg1 assay 542:546 reducing power assay 527:546 reducing power assay 527:546 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 5 45 with glucose 975:981 arg1 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 ratios 1038:1043 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 5 45 with glucose 975:981 arg1 types 1028:1032 different types 1018:1032 different types 1018:1032 Monosaccharide composition analysis implied that they all belonged to heteropolysaccharides consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and galacturonic acid with different types and ratios. 27919812 3 46 theme free 641:644 arg1 radicals 646:653 hydroxyl free radicals 632:653 hydroxyl free radicals 632:653 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 3 47 theme radicals 619:626 arg1 assay 542:546 reducing power assay 527:546 reducing power assay 527:546 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 3 47 theme radicals 619:626 arg1 capacities 563:572 scavenging capacities 552:572 scavenging capacities 552:572 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 1 48 dep procumbens 223:232 arg1 leaves 234:239 leaves 234:239 leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively 234:292 Four new polysaccharides (GPP-20, GPP-40, GPP-60 and GPP-80) were fractionated from Gynura procumbens leaves by 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol, successively. 27919812 4 49 from proteins 759:766 arg1 structures 777:786 their structures 771:786 their structures 771:786 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 27919812 3 50 theme scavenging 552:561 arg1 capacities 563:572 scavenging capacities 552:572 scavenging capacities 552:572 In addition, the antioxidant activities of them were investigated via the reducing power assay and scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals, respectively. 27919812 0 51 theme Gynura 78:83 arg1 procumbens 85:94 Gynura procumbens 78:94 Gynura procumbens 78:94 Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Gynura procumbens leaves by fractional precipitation. 27919812 4 52 from acids 749:753 arg1 structures 777:786 their structures 771:786 their structures 771:786 The results indicated that apart from neutral sugar, they all contained uronic acids and proteins in their structures, which were further proved by the UV-vis and FT-IR spectra. 28064049 0 0 from potential 28:36 arg1 intermedia 113:122 Gracilaria intermedia 102:122 Gracilaria intermedia 102:122 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 9 1 theme gastrointestinal 1158:1173 arg1 transit 1175:1181 gastrointestinal transit 1158:1181 gastrointestinal transit through anticholinergic mechanisms 1158:1216 SP-Gi (30mg/kg p.o.) increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit through anticholinergic mechanisms. 28064049 4 2 theme SP-Gi 603:607 arg1 activity 591:598 The anti-diarrhoeal activity 571:598 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi 571:607 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi was evaluated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. 28064049 5 3 theme SP-Gi 679:683 arg1 effects 668:674 The effects 664:674 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying 664:774 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 6 4 theme SP-Gi 824:828 arg1 effect 814:819 the effect 810:819 the effect of SP-Gi on diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli 810:892 Subsequently, the effect of SP-Gi on diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli was examined. 28064049 2 5 theme chemical 311:318 arg1 composition 320:330 the chemical composition 307:330 the chemical composition 307:330 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 10 6 theme GM1 1267:1269 arg1 receptors 1271:1279 GM1 receptors 1267:1279 GM1 receptors 1267:1279 ELISA demonstrated that SP-Gi can interact with GM1 receptors and CT. 28064049 8 7 theme total 1048:1052 arg1 faeces 1065:1070 total diarrhoeal faeces 1048:1070 total diarrhoeal faeces 1048:1070 Pre-treatment with SP-Gi reduces the total faeces, total diarrhoeal faeces, and enteropooling. 28064049 9 8 theme anticholinergic 1191:1205 arg1 mechanisms 1207:1216 anticholinergic mechanisms 1191:1216 anticholinergic mechanisms 1191:1216 SP-Gi (30mg/kg p.o.) increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit through anticholinergic mechanisms. 28064049 3 9 theme residues 561:568 arg1 C-6 537:539 C-6 537:539 C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues 537:568 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 8 10 theme total 1034:1038 arg1 faeces 1040:1045 the total faeces 1030:1045 the total faeces 1030:1045 Pre-treatment with SP-Gi reduces the total faeces, total diarrhoeal faeces, and enteropooling. 28064049 3 11 from C-6 537:539 arg1 agaran 511:516 an agaran 508:516 an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues 508:568 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 3 11 from C-6 537:539 arg1 FT-IR 478:482 the FT-IR 474:482 the FT-IR of SP-Gi 474:491 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 12 12 theme toxicity 1409:1416 arg1 signs 1418:1422 any toxicity signs 1405:1422 any toxicity signs 1405:1422 Moreover, SP-Gi did not induce any toxicity signs. 28064049 2 13 theme Gracilaria 432:441 arg1 SP-Gi 455:459 SP-Gi 455:459 SP-Gi 455:459 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 2 13 theme Gracilaria 432:441 arg1 intermedia 443:452 Gracilaria intermedia 432:452 Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi) 432:460 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 5 14 theme gastric 759:765 arg1 emptying 767:774 gastric emptying 759:774 gastric emptying 759:774 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 0 15 from assessment 49:58 arg1 intermedia 113:122 Gracilaria intermedia 102:122 Gracilaria intermedia 102:122 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 13 16 theme diarrhoeal 1503:1512 arg1 illnesses 1514:1522 diarrhoeal illnesses 1503:1522 diarrhoeal illnesses 1503:1522 These results suggest that SP-Gi is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrhoeal illnesses. 28064049 7 17 theme acute 924:928 arg1 test 939:942 an acute toxicity test 921:942 an acute toxicity test 921:942 In addition, an acute toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 423. 28064049 6 18 from effect 814:819 arg1 diarrhoea 833:841 diarrhoea 833:841 diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli 833:892 Subsequently, the effect of SP-Gi on diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli was examined. 28064049 0 19 theme therapeutic 16:26 arg1 potential 28:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 4 20 theme anti-diarrhoeal 575:589 arg1 activity 591:598 The anti-diarrhoeal activity 571:598 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi 571:607 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi was evaluated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. 28064049 8 21 theme diarrhoeal 1054:1063 arg1 faeces 1065:1070 total diarrhoeal faeces 1048:1070 total diarrhoeal faeces 1048:1070 Pre-treatment with SP-Gi reduces the total faeces, total diarrhoeal faeces, and enteropooling. 28064049 7 22 theme toxicity 930:937 arg1 test 939:942 an acute toxicity test 921:942 an acute toxicity test 921:942 In addition, an acute toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 423. 28064049 2 23 theme anti-diarrhoeal 337:351 arg1 effect 353:358 the anti-diarrhoeal effect 333:358 the anti-diarrhoeal effect 333:358 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 0 24 theme Anti-diarrhoeal 0:14 arg1 potential 28:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 3 25 with agaran 511:516 arg1 sulphation 523:532 sulphation 523:532 sulphation 523:532 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 2 26 theme fraction 409:416 arg1 effect 353:358 the anti-diarrhoeal effect 333:358 the anti-diarrhoeal effect 333:358 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 2 26 theme fraction 409:416 arg1 toxicity 370:377 acute toxicity 364:377 acute toxicity 364:377 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 2 26 theme fraction 409:416 arg1 composition 320:330 the chemical composition 307:330 the chemical composition 307:330 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 5 27 theme +-ATPase 710:717 arg1 activity 719:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 11 28 from loss 1353:1356 arg1 animals 1365:1371 the animals 1361:1371 the animals 1361:1371 SP-Gi reduced diarrhoea induced by E. coli and prevented weight loss in the animals. 28064049 1 29 theme diverse 228:234 arg1 activities 247:256 their diverse biological activities 222:256 their diverse biological activities 222:256 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted from algae have been extensively studied for their diverse biological activities. 28064049 4 30 theme diarrhoea 647:655 arg1 model 657:661 a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model 626:661 a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model 626:661 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi was evaluated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. 28064049 2 31 theme acute 364:368 arg1 toxicity 370:377 acute toxicity 364:377 acute toxicity 364:377 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 9 32 theme 30mg/kg 1099:1105 arg1 SP-Gi 1092:1096 SP-Gi 1092:1096 SP-Gi (30mg/kg p.o.) 1092:1111 SP-Gi (30mg/kg p.o.) increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit through anticholinergic mechanisms. 28064049 9 32 theme 30mg/kg 1099:1105 arg1 p.o. 1107:1110 30mg/kg p.o. 1099:1110 30mg/kg p.o. 1099:1110 SP-Gi (30mg/kg p.o.) increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit through anticholinergic mechanisms. 28064049 0 33 theme safety 42:47 arg1 assessment 49:58 safety assessment 42:58 safety assessment 42:58 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 5 34 theme gastrointestinal 729:744 arg1 transit 746:752 gastrointestinal transit 729:752 gastrointestinal transit 729:752 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 0 35 theme sulphated 63:71 arg1 fraction 88:95 sulphated polysaccharide fraction 63:95 sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia 63:122 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 8 36 with Pre-treatment 997:1009 arg1 SP-Gi 1016:1020 SP-Gi 1016:1020 SP-Gi 1016:1020 Pre-treatment with SP-Gi reduces the total faeces, total diarrhoeal faeces, and enteropooling. 28064049 13 37 theme possible 1463:1470 arg1 candidate 1472:1480 a possible candidate 1461:1480 a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrhoeal illnesses 1461:1522 These results suggest that SP-Gi is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrhoeal illnesses. 28064049 13 37 theme possible 1463:1470 arg1 SP-Gi 1452:1456 SP-Gi 1452:1456 SP-Gi 1452:1456 These results suggest that SP-Gi is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrhoeal illnesses. 28064049 5 38 from effects 668:674 arg1 activity 719:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 5 38 from effects 668:674 arg1 enteropooling 688:700 enteropooling 688:700 enteropooling 688:700 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 5 38 from effects 668:674 arg1 transit 746:752 gastrointestinal transit 729:752 gastrointestinal transit 729:752 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 5 38 from effects 668:674 arg1 emptying 767:774 gastric emptying 759:774 gastric emptying 759:774 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 6 39 theme cholera 854:860 arg1 CT 869:870 CT 869:870 CT 869:870 Subsequently, the effect of SP-Gi on diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli was examined. 28064049 6 39 theme cholera 854:860 arg1 toxin 862:866 cholera toxin 854:866 cholera toxin (CT) 854:871 Subsequently, the effect of SP-Gi on diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli was examined. 28064049 11 40 theme weight 1346:1351 arg1 loss 1353:1356 weight loss 1346:1356 weight loss in the animals 1346:1371 SP-Gi reduced diarrhoea induced by E. coli and prevented weight loss in the animals. 28064049 1 41 theme Sulphated 141:149 arg1 polysaccharides 151:165 Sulphated polysaccharides 141:165 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted from algae 141:186 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted from algae have been extensively studied for their diverse biological activities. 28064049 5 42 theme Na 703:704 arg1 activity 719:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 13 43 theme illnesses 1514:1522 arg1 treatment 1490:1498 the treatment 1486:1498 the treatment of diarrhoeal illnesses 1486:1522 These results suggest that SP-Gi is a possible candidate for the treatment of diarrhoeal illnesses. 28064049 9 44 theme Na+/K+-ATPase 1123:1135 arg1 activity 1137:1144 Na+/K+-ATPase activity 1123:1144 Na+/K+-ATPase activity 1123:1144 SP-Gi (30mg/kg p.o.) increased Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced gastrointestinal transit through anticholinergic mechanisms. 28064049 5 45 theme +-K 706:708 arg1 activity 719:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 Na +-K +-ATPase activity 703:726 The effects of SP-Gi on enteropooling, Na +-K +-ATPase activity, gastrointestinal transit, and gastric emptying were then examined. 28064049 2 46 theme study 285:289 arg1 purpose 269:275 the purpose 265:275 the purpose of this study 265:289 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 7 47 theme OECD 977:980 arg1 guideline 982:990 OECD guideline 423 977:994 OECD guideline 423 977:994 In addition, an acute toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 423. 28064049 0 48 theme fraction 88:95 arg1 potential 28:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 0 48 theme fraction 88:95 arg1 assessment 49:58 safety assessment 42:58 safety assessment 42:58 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 0 49 from intermedia 113:122 arg1 potential 28:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential 0:36 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 0 49 from intermedia 113:122 arg1 assessment 49:58 safety assessment 42:58 safety assessment 42:58 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 0 49 from intermedia 113:122 arg1 fraction 88:95 sulphated polysaccharide fraction 63:95 sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia 63:122 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 1 50 dep diverse 228:234 arg1 biological 236:245 biological 236:245 biological 236:245 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted from algae have been extensively studied for their diverse biological activities. 28064049 3 51 theme SP-Gi 487:491 arg1 agaran 511:516 an agaran 508:516 an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues 508:568 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 3 51 theme SP-Gi 487:491 arg1 FT-IR 478:482 the FT-IR 474:482 the FT-IR of SP-Gi 474:491 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 2 52 theme polysaccharide 394:407 arg1 fraction 409:416 a sulphated polysaccharide fraction 382:416 a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi) 382:460 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 4 53 theme oil-induced 635:645 arg1 model 657:661 a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model 626:661 a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model 626:661 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi was evaluated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. 28064049 0 54 theme polysaccharide 73:86 arg1 fraction 88:95 sulphated polysaccharide fraction 63:95 sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia 63:122 Anti-diarrhoeal therapeutic potential and safety assessment of sulphated polysaccharide fraction from Gracilaria intermedia seaweed in mice. 28064049 3 55 theme l-galactosyl 548:559 arg1 residues 561:568 the l-galactosyl residues 544:568 the l-galactosyl residues 544:568 Initially, the FT-IR of SP-Gi revealed to be an agaran with sulphation at C-6 of the l-galactosyl residues. 28064049 2 56 theme sulphated 384:392 arg1 fraction 409:416 a sulphated polysaccharide fraction 382:416 a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi) 382:460 Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-diarrhoeal effect and acute toxicity of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction obtained from Gracilaria intermedia (SP-Gi). 28064049 4 57 theme castor 628:633 arg1 model 657:661 a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model 626:661 a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model 626:661 The anti-diarrhoeal activity of SP-Gi was evaluated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. 27031228 2 0 theme PDPN 477:480 arg1 binding 380:386 the binding 376:386 the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) 376:428 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 2 0 theme PDPN 477:480 arg1 activity 459:466 the platelet-aggregating activity 434:466 the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN) 434:488 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 4 1 theme CasMab 680:685 arg1 technology 687:696 CasMab technology 680:696 CasMab technology 680:696 We recently established CasMab technology to develop mAbs against glycosylated membrane proteins. 27031228 9 2 gly sialylated 1264:1273 arg1 N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1275:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1259:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52 1259:1316 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 2 3 theme human 471:475 arg1 hPDPN 483:487 hPDPN 483:487 hPDPN 483:487 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 2 3 theme human 471:475 arg1 PDPN 477:480 human PDPN 471:480 human PDPN (hPDPN) 471:488 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 11 4 theme critical 1651:1658 arg1 modification 1638:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification 1603:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1603:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 4 theme critical 1651:1658 arg1 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 8 5 theme minimal 1034:1040 arg1 epitope 1042:1048 The minimal epitope 1030:1048 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 1030:1060 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 was identified as Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN. 27031228 8 5 theme minimal 1034:1040 arg1 Asp49-Pro53 1080:1090 Asp49-Pro53 1080:1090 Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN 1080:1099 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 was identified as Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN. 27031228 11 6 theme diagnostic 1521:1530 arg1 tool 1532:1535 a new diagnostic tool 1515:1535 a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1515:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 6 theme diagnostic 1521:1530 arg1 LpMab-12 1491:1498 LpMab-12 1491:1498 LpMab-12 1491:1498 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 0 7 theme Aggregation-Stimulating 104:126 arg1 Domain 128:133 Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain 95:133 Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin 95:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 0 7 theme Aggregation-Stimulating 104:126 arg1 Podoplanin 144:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 8 8 theme LpMab-12 1053:1060 arg1 epitope 1042:1048 The minimal epitope 1030:1048 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 1030:1060 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 was identified as Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN. 27031228 8 8 theme LpMab-12 1053:1060 arg1 Asp49-Pro53 1080:1090 Asp49-Pro53 1080:1090 Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN 1080:1099 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 was identified as Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN. 27031228 7 9 theme cancer 983:988 arg1 cells 990:994 cancer cells 983:994 cancer cells 983:994 Immunohistochemical analyses also showed that hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial and cancer cells were clearly labeled by LpMab-12. 27031228 11 10 contain possesses 1567:1575 arg1 hPDPN 1561:1565 hPDPN 1561:1565 hPDPN 1561:1565 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 10 contain possesses 1567:1575 arg2 sialylation 1581:1591 the sialylation 1577:1591 the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1577:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 0 11 theme Platelet 95:102 arg1 Domain 128:133 Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain 95:133 Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin 95:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 0 11 theme Platelet 95:102 arg1 Podoplanin 144:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 6 12 theme flow 878:881 arg1 cytometry 883:891 flow cytometry 878:891 flow cytometry 878:891 LpMab-12 detected endogenous hPDPN by flow cytometry. 27031228 10 13 theme LpMab-12 1466:1473 arg1 binding 1455:1461 the binding 1451:1461 the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN 1451:1482 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 7 14 theme lymphatic 957:965 arg1 endothelial 967:977 hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial 940:977 hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial 940:977 Immunohistochemical analyses also showed that hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial and cancer cells were clearly labeled by LpMab-12. 27031228 9 15 dep N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1275:1298 arg1 GalNAc 1301:1306 GalNAc 1301:1306 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52 1259:1316 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 10 16 gly non-sialylated 1346:1359 arg1 glycopeptide 1377:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 2 17 from O-glycan 332:339 arg1 Thr52 344:348 Thr52 344:348 Thr52 of PLAG3 344:357 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 3 18 theme anti-hPDPN 508:517 arg1 antibodies 530:539 various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies 500:539 various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 500:546 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 3 18 theme anti-hPDPN 508:517 arg1 mAbs 542:545 mAbs 542:545 mAbs 542:545 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 0 19 theme Domain 128:133 arg1 Thr52 86:90 Thr52 86:90 Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin 86:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 3 20 theme monoclonal 519:528 arg1 antibodies 530:539 various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies 500:539 various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 500:546 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 3 20 theme monoclonal 519:528 arg1 mAbs 542:545 mAbs 542:545 mAbs 542:545 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 3 21 contain containing 625:634 arg1 epitope 617:623 the epitope 613:623 the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52 613:653 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 3 21 contain containing 625:634 arg2 Thr52 649:653 glycosylated Thr52 636:653 glycosylated Thr52 636:653 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 6 22 theme endogenous 858:867 arg1 hPDPN 869:873 endogenous hPDPN 858:873 endogenous hPDPN 858:873 LpMab-12 detected endogenous hPDPN by flow cytometry. 27031228 7 23 theme hPDPN-expressing 940:955 arg1 endothelial 967:977 hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial 940:977 hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial 940:977 Immunohistochemical analyses also showed that hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial and cancer cells were clearly labeled by LpMab-12. 27031228 4 24 theme glycosylated 722:733 arg1 proteins 744:751 glycosylated membrane proteins 722:751 glycosylated membrane proteins 722:751 We recently established CasMab technology to develop mAbs against glycosylated membrane proteins. 27031228 11 25 theme site-specific 1605:1617 arg1 modification 1638:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification 1603:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1603:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 25 theme site-specific 1605:1617 arg1 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 9 26 from N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1275:1298 arg1 Thr52 1312:1316 Thr52 1312:1316 Thr52 1312:1316 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 5 27 theme novel 793:797 arg1 GpMab 822:826 GpMab 822:826 GpMab 822:826 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 5 27 theme novel 793:797 arg1 LpMab-12 830:837 LpMab-12 830:837 LpMab-12 830:837 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 5 27 theme novel 793:797 arg1 mAb 817:819 a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb 791:819 a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab) 791:827 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 2 28 theme PLAG 307:310 arg1 domains 312:318 the PLAG domains 303:318 the PLAG domains 303:318 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 9 29 gly glycopeptide 1151:1162 arg1 hPDPN 1167:1171 hPDPN 1167:1171 hPDPN 1167:1171 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 9 29 gly glycopeptide 1151:1162 arg2 glycopeptide 1151:1162 the synthetic glycopeptide 1137:1162 the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN 1137:1171 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 0 30 theme CasMab 24:29 arg1 Technology 31:40 CasMab Technology 24:40 CasMab Technology 24:40 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 0 31 theme Podoplanin 144:153 arg1 Domain 128:133 Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain 95:133 Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin 95:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 0 31 theme Podoplanin 144:153 arg1 Podoplanin 144:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 9 32 theme amino 1197:1201 arg1 acids 1203:1207 38-54 amino acids 1191:1207 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54) 1191:1242 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 9 32 theme amino 1197:1201 arg1 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54 1219:1241 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54 1219:1241 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54 1219:1241 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 5 33 theme mAb 817:819 arg1 development 776:786 the development 772:786 the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12 772:837 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 4 34 gly glycosylated 722:733 arg1 proteins 744:751 glycosylated membrane proteins 722:751 glycosylated membrane proteins 722:751 We recently established CasMab technology to develop mAbs against glycosylated membrane proteins. 27031228 0 35 theme Human 138:142 arg1 Podoplanin 144:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 Human Podoplanin 138:153 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 4 36 theme membrane 735:742 arg1 proteins 744:751 glycosylated membrane proteins 722:751 glycosylated membrane proteins 722:751 We recently established CasMab technology to develop mAbs against glycosylated membrane proteins. 27031228 2 37 theme lectin-like 398:408 arg1 CLEC-2 422:427 CLEC-2 422:427 CLEC-2 422:427 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 2 37 theme lectin-like 398:408 arg1 receptor-2 410:419 C-type lectin-like receptor-2 391:419 C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) 391:428 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 10 38 from GalNAc 1418:1423 arg1 Thr52 1428:1432 Thr52 1428:1432 Thr52 1428:1432 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 2 39 theme C-type 391:396 arg1 CLEC-2 422:427 CLEC-2 422:427 CLEC-2 422:427 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 2 39 theme C-type 391:396 arg1 receptor-2 410:419 C-type lectin-like receptor-2 391:419 C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) 391:428 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 3 40 gly glycosylated 636:647 arg1 Thr52 649:653 glycosylated Thr52 636:653 glycosylated Thr52 636:653 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 11 41 theme post-translational 1619:1636 arg1 modification 1638:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification 1603:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1603:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 41 theme post-translational 1619:1636 arg1 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 1 42 theme tandem 213:218 arg1 domains 270:276 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains 207:276 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus 207:294 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 0 43 theme Sialylated 63:72 arg1 O-Glycan 74:81 Sialylated O-Glycan 63:81 Sialylated O-Glycan 63:81 LpMab-12 Established by CasMab Technology Specifically Detects Sialylated O-Glycan on Thr52 of Platelet Aggregation-Stimulating Domain of Human Podoplanin. 27031228 10 44 gly glycopeptide 1377:1388 arg2 glycopeptide 1377:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 9 45 theme α2-6 1259:1262 arg1 N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1275:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1259:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52 1259:1316 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 5 46 theme anti-glycopeptide 799:815 arg1 GpMab 822:826 GpMab 822:826 GpMab 822:826 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 5 46 theme anti-glycopeptide 799:815 arg1 LpMab-12 830:837 LpMab-12 830:837 LpMab-12 830:837 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 5 46 theme anti-glycopeptide 799:815 arg1 mAb 817:819 a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb 791:819 a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab) 791:827 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 9 47 theme synthetic 1141:1149 arg1 glycopeptide 1151:1162 the synthetic glycopeptide 1137:1162 the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN 1137:1171 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 11 48 from sialylation 1581:1591 arg1 modification 1638:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification 1603:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1603:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 48 from sialylation 1581:1591 arg1 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 8 49 theme hPDPN 1095:1099 arg1 epitope 1042:1048 The minimal epitope 1030:1048 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 1030:1060 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 was identified as Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN. 27031228 8 49 theme hPDPN 1095:1099 arg1 Asp49-Pro53 1080:1090 Asp49-Pro53 1080:1090 Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN 1080:1099 The minimal epitope of LpMab-12 was identified as Asp49-Pro53 of hPDPN. 27031228 9 50 theme sialylated 1264:1273 arg1 N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1275:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1259:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52 1259:1316 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 5 51 gly anti-glycopeptide 799:815 arg2 anti-glycopeptide 799:815 anti-glycopeptide 799:815 anti-glycopeptide 799:815 Herein, we report the development of a novel anti-glycopeptide mAb (GpMab), LpMab-12. 27031228 10 52 theme GalNAc-attached 1361:1375 arg1 glycopeptide 1377:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 7 53 theme Immunohistochemical 894:912 arg1 analyses 914:921 Immunohistochemical analyses 894:921 Immunohistochemical analyses 894:921 Immunohistochemical analyses also showed that hPDPN-expressing lymphatic endothelial and cancer cells were clearly labeled by LpMab-12. 27031228 11 54 theme hPDPN 1668:1672 arg1 association 1674:1684 the hPDPN association 1664:1684 the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1664:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 3 55 theme specific 572:579 arg1 mAb 581:583 no specific mAb 569:583 no specific mAb 569:583 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 2 56 theme sialylated 321:330 arg1 O-glycan 332:339 sialylated O-glycan 321:339 sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 321:357 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 9 57 contain carries 1251:1257 arg1 acids 1203:1207 38-54 amino acids 1191:1207 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54) 1191:1242 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 9 57 contain carries 1251:1257 arg2 N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1275:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 1259:1298 α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52 1259:1316 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 9 57 contain carries 1251:1257 arg1 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54 1219:1241 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54 1219:1241 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54 1219:1241 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 1 58 theme repeat 220:225 arg1 domains 270:276 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains 207:276 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus 207:294 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 2 59 gly sialylated 321:330 arg1 O-glycan 332:339 sialylated O-glycan 321:339 sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 321:357 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 1 60 contain possesses 197:205 arg2 domains 270:276 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains 207:276 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus 207:294 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 1 60 contain possesses 197:205 arg1 PDPN 168:171 PDPN 168:171 PDPN 168:171 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 1 60 contain possesses 197:205 arg1 Podoplanin 156:165 Podoplanin 156:165 Podoplanin (PDPN) 156:172 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 9 61 theme hPDPN 1167:1171 arg1 glycopeptide 1151:1162 the synthetic glycopeptide 1137:1162 the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN 1137:1171 Furthermore, LpMab-12 reacted with the synthetic glycopeptide of hPDPN, corresponding to 38-54 amino acids (hpp3854: 38-EGGVAMPGAEDDVVTPG-54), which carries α2-6 sialylated N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) on Thr52. 27031228 3 62 theme various 500:506 arg1 antibodies 530:539 various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies 500:539 various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 500:546 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 3 62 theme various 500:506 arg1 mAbs 542:545 mAbs 542:545 mAbs 542:545 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 10 63 theme non-sialylated 1346:1359 arg1 glycopeptide 1377:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide 1346:1388 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 10 64 gly sialylated 1407:1416 arg1 GalNAc 1418:1423 sialylated GalNAc 1407:1423 sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 1407:1432 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 3 65 theme glycosylated 636:647 arg1 Thr52 649:653 glycosylated Thr52 636:653 glycosylated Thr52 636:653 Although various anti-hPDPN monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been generated, no specific mAb has been reported to target the epitope containing glycosylated Thr52. 27031228 10 66 theme sialylated 1407:1416 arg1 GalNAc 1418:1423 sialylated GalNAc 1407:1423 sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 1407:1432 LpMab-12 did not recognize non-sialylated GalNAc-attached glycopeptide, indicating that sialylated GalNAc on Thr52 is necessary for the binding of LpMab-12 to hPDPN. 27031228 1 67 from domains 270:276 arg1 N-terminus 285:294 its N-terminus 281:294 its N-terminus 281:294 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 11 68 theme new 1517:1519 arg1 tool 1532:1535 a new diagnostic tool 1515:1535 a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1515:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 68 theme new 1517:1519 arg1 LpMab-12 1491:1498 LpMab-12 1491:1498 LpMab-12 1491:1498 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 1 69 theme platelet 230:237 arg1 aggregation-stimulating 239:261 platelet aggregation-stimulating 230:261 platelet aggregation-stimulating 230:261 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 2 70 theme platelet-aggregating 438:457 arg1 activity 459:466 the platelet-aggregating activity 434:466 the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN) 434:488 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 11 71 gly sialylation 1581:1591 arg1 modification 1638:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification 1603:1649 a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2 1603:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 11 71 gly sialylation 1581:1591 arg1 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thr52 1596:1600 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 2 72 theme PLAG3 353:357 arg1 Thr52 344:348 Thr52 344:348 Thr52 of PLAG3 344:357 Among the PLAG domains, sialylated O-glycan on Thr52 of PLAG3 is essential for the binding to C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and the platelet-aggregating activity of human PDPN (hPDPN). 27031228 11 73 with association 1674:1684 arg1 CLEC-2 1691:1696 CLEC-2 1691:1696 CLEC-2 1691:1696 Thus, LpMab-12 could serve as a new diagnostic tool for determining whether hPDPN possesses the sialylation on Thr52, a site-specific post-translational modification critical for the hPDPN association with CLEC-2. 27031228 1 74 theme aggregation-stimulating 239:261 arg1 PLAG 264:267 PLAG 264:267 PLAG 264:267 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 27031228 1 74 theme aggregation-stimulating 239:261 arg1 repeat 220:225 repeat 220:225 three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus 207:294 Podoplanin (PDPN), also known as Aggrus, possesses three tandem repeat of platelet aggregation-stimulating (PLAG) domains in its N-terminus. 29111070 4 0 theme organic 842:848 arg1 production 855:864 organic acid production 842:864 organic acid production 842:864 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 6 1 theme acid 1127:1130 arg1 production 1132:1141 organic acid production 1119:1141 organic acid production 1119:1141 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 0 2 theme molecular 97:105 arg1 weights 107:113 different molecular weights 87:113 different molecular weights 87:113 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 6 3 theme XOS/XPS 1042:1048 arg1 preparations 1050:1061 XOS/XPS preparations 1042:1061 XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP 1042:1075 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 0 4 theme human 118:122 arg1 bacteria 131:138 human faecal bacteria 118:138 human faecal bacteria 118:138 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 4 5 theme faecal 716:721 arg1 inocula 723:729 faecal inocula 716:729 faecal inocula 716:729 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 4 6 theme acid 850:853 arg1 production 855:864 organic acid production 842:864 organic acid production 842:864 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 5 7 theme gut 904:906 arg1 able 923:926 able 923:926 able 923:926 The gut microbiota was able to utilise all the substrates and there was a link between the avDP with the fermentation properties. 29111070 5 7 theme gut 904:906 arg1 microbiota 908:917 The gut microbiota 900:917 The gut microbiota 900:917 The gut microbiota was able to utilise all the substrates and there was a link between the avDP with the fermentation properties. 29111070 1 8 from liquor 389:394 arg1 separate 334:341 separate 334:341 separate 334:341 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 6 9 theme Bifidobacterium 1092:1106 arg1 growth 1108:1113 better Bifidobacterium growth 1085:1113 better Bifidobacterium growth 1085:1113 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 2 10 theme mixed 401:405 arg1 fractions 407:415 Six mixed fractions 397:415 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 397:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 0 11 theme faecal 124:129 arg1 bacteria 131:138 human faecal bacteria 118:138 human faecal bacteria 118:138 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 1 12 theme crude 368:372 arg1 liquor 389:394 the crude autohydrolysis liquor 364:394 the crude autohydrolysis liquor 364:394 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 2 13 theme average 445:451 arg1 degree 453:458 average degree 445:458 average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 445:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 1 14 theme autohydrolysis 374:387 arg1 liquor 389:394 the crude autohydrolysis liquor 364:394 the crude autohydrolysis liquor 364:394 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 2 15 theme 4-64 488:491 arg1 avDP 479:482 avDP 479:482 avDP 479:482 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 2 15 theme 4-64 488:491 arg1 polymerisation 463:476 polymerisation 463:476 polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 463:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 3 16 theme composition 551:561 arg1 terms 536:540 terms 536:540 terms of their composition and size 536:570 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 0 17 theme In 0:1 arg1 fermentability 9:22 In vitro fermentability 0:22 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 0:139 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 4 18 theme bacterial 824:832 arg1 growth 834:839 the bacterial growth 820:839 the bacterial growth 820:839 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 6 19 theme organic 1119:1125 arg1 production 1132:1141 organic acid production 1119:1141 organic acid production 1119:1141 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 2 20 theme XPS 436:438 arg1 fractions 407:415 Six mixed fractions 397:415 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 397:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 2 21 theme XOS 428:430 arg1 fractions 407:415 Six mixed fractions 397:415 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 397:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 6 22 theme avDP 1072:1075 arg1 preparations 1050:1061 XOS/XPS preparations 1042:1061 XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP 1042:1075 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 3 23 theme carbohydrate 619:630 arg1 PACE 653:656 PACE 653:656 PACE 653:656 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 3 23 theme carbohydrate 619:630 arg1 electrophoresis 636:650 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis 619:650 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) 619:657 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 2 24 theme refined 420:426 arg1 XOS 428:430 refined XOS 420:430 refined XOS 420:430 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 1 25 theme gel 301:303 arg1 chromatography 316:329 gel filtration chromatography 301:329 gel filtration chromatography 301:329 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 26 from bunches 265:271 arg1 autohydrolysis 211:224 autohydrolysis 211:224 autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 211:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 26 from bunches 265:271 arg1 fibre 233:237 fibre 233:237 fibre 233:237 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 3 27 theme gel 632:634 arg1 PACE 653:656 PACE 653:656 PACE 653:656 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 3 27 theme gel 632:634 arg1 electrophoresis 636:650 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis 619:650 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) 619:657 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 1 28 theme fibre 233:237 arg1 autohydrolysis 211:224 autohydrolysis 211:224 autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 211:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 0 29 theme xylo-oligosaccharide 27:46 arg1 fractions 72:80 xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions 27:80 xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights 27:113 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 1 30 theme filtration 305:314 arg1 chromatography 316:329 gel filtration chromatography 301:329 gel filtration chromatography 301:329 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 2 31 theme polymerisation 463:476 arg1 degree 453:458 average degree 445:458 average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 445:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 2 32 with XPS 436:438 arg1 degree 453:458 average degree 445:458 average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 445:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 5 33 with avDP 991:994 arg1 properties 1018:1027 the fermentation properties 1001:1027 the fermentation properties 1001:1027 The gut microbiota was able to utilise all the substrates and there was a link between the avDP with the fermentation properties. 29111070 0 34 theme fractions 72:80 arg1 fermentability 9:22 In vitro fermentability 0:22 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 0:139 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 3 35 theme size 567:570 arg1 terms 536:540 terms 536:540 terms of their composition and size 536:570 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 2 36 with XOS 428:430 arg1 degree 453:458 average degree 445:458 average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 445:491 Six mixed fractions of refined XOS and XPS with average degree of polymerisation (avDP) of 4-64 were obtained. 29111070 4 37 theme batch 682:686 arg1 fermentations 696:708 batch culture fermentations 682:708 batch culture fermentations 682:708 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 0 38 theme xylo-polysaccharide 52:70 arg1 fractions 72:80 xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions 27:80 xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights 27:113 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 6 39 theme better 1085:1090 arg1 growth 1108:1113 better Bifidobacterium growth 1085:1113 better Bifidobacterium growth 1085:1113 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 4 40 theme human 774:778 arg1 microbiota 787:796 the human faecal microbiota 770:796 the human faecal microbiota 770:796 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 4 41 theme assimilation 878:889 arg1 profile 891:897 the XOS assimilation profile 870:897 the XOS assimilation profile 870:897 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 3 42 theme selected 595:602 arg1 MALDI-ToF-MS 581:592 MALDI-ToF-MS 581:592 MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) 581:613 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 3 42 theme selected 595:602 arg1 fractions 604:612 selected fractions 595:612 selected fractions 595:612 These were characterised in terms of their composition and size by HPLC, MALDI-ToF-MS (selected fractions) and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE). 29111070 1 43 theme oil 244:246 arg1 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 43 theme oil 244:246 arg1 bunches 265:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches 244:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 244:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 4 44 theme XOS 874:876 arg1 profile 891:897 the XOS assimilation profile 870:897 the XOS assimilation profile 870:897 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 5 45 theme fermentation 1005:1016 arg1 properties 1018:1027 the fermentation properties 1001:1027 the fermentation properties 1001:1027 The gut microbiota was able to utilise all the substrates and there was a link between the avDP with the fermentation properties. 29111070 0 46 with fractions 72:80 arg1 weights 107:113 different molecular weights 87:113 different molecular weights 87:113 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 4 47 theme culture 688:694 arg1 fermentations 696:708 batch culture fermentations 682:708 batch culture fermentations 682:708 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 1 48 theme palm 248:251 arg1 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 48 theme palm 248:251 arg1 bunches 265:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches 244:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 244:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 0 49 theme different 87:95 arg1 weights 107:113 different molecular weights 87:113 different molecular weights 87:113 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 4 50 theme faecal 780:785 arg1 microbiota 787:796 the human faecal microbiota 770:796 the human faecal microbiota 770:796 They were assessed in batch culture fermentations using faecal inocula to determine their ability to modulate the human faecal microbiota in vitro by measuring the bacterial growth, organic acid production and the XOS assimilation profile. 29111070 1 51 from autohydrolysis 211:224 arg1 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 51 from autohydrolysis 211:224 arg1 bunches 265:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches 244:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 244:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 6 52 theme lower 1066:1070 arg1 avDP 1072:1075 lower avDP 1066:1075 lower avDP 1066:1075 In general, XOS/XPS preparations of lower avDP promote better Bifidobacterium growth and organic acid production. 29111070 1 53 theme empty 253:257 arg1 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 53 theme empty 253:257 arg1 bunches 265:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches 244:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 244:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 0 54 dep In 0:1 arg1 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 vitro 3:7 In vitro fermentability of xylo-oligosaccharide and xylo-polysaccharide fractions with different molecular weights by human faecal bacteria. 29111070 1 55 theme fruit 259:263 arg1 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 OPEFB 274:278 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 29111070 1 55 theme fruit 259:263 arg1 bunches 265:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches 244:271 oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) 244:279 Xylo-oligosaccharides and xylo-polysaccharides (XOS, XPS) produced by autohydrolysis of the fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) were purified using gel filtration chromatography to separate the XOS and XPS from the crude autohydrolysis liquor. 23640859 5 0 from composition 1077:1087 arg1 scaffolds 1161:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 6 1 theme cellulose 1392:1400 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 1 theme cellulose 1392:1400 arg1 75:25 1418:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 2 theme acetate/gelatin 1402:1416 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 2 theme acetate/gelatin 1402:1416 arg1 75:25 1418:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 2 3 dep structure 321:329 arg1 the 317:319 the 317:319 the 317:319 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 5 4 theme cellulose 1135:1143 arg1 scaffolds 1161:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 0 5 theme treatment 88:96 arg1 applications 98:109 variety wound treatment applications 74:109 variety wound treatment applications 74:109 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 6 6 theme electrospun 1380:1390 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 6 theme electrospun 1380:1390 arg1 75:25 1418:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 5 7 theme acetate 1102:1108 arg1 composition 1077:1087 the composition 1073:1087 the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1073:1169 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 6 8 theme cellulose 1294:1302 arg1 nanofibers 1326:1335 cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers 1294:1335 cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers 1294:1335 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 3 9 theme excess 732:737 arg1 exudates 739:746 excess exudates 732:746 excess exudates 732:746 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 6 10 theme cellulose 1234:1242 arg1 25:75 1260:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 2 11 theme structure 321:329 arg1 simulator 304:312 an effective simulator 291:312 an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin 291:360 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 11 theme structure 321:329 arg1 acetate/gelatin 266:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 11 theme structure 321:329 arg1 electrospun 388:398 electrospun 388:398 electrospun 388:398 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 3 12 dep exchange 712:719 arg1 exudates 739:746 excess exudates 732:746 excess exudates 732:746 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 3 13 theme tissue-engineered 602:618 arg1 scaffolds 620:628 tissue-engineered scaffolds 602:628 tissue-engineered scaffolds 602:628 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 3 14 theme fluid 770:774 arg1 loss 776:779 the fluid loss 766:779 the fluid loss 766:779 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 4 15 theme wound 793:797 arg1 dressing 799:806 a wound dressing 791:806 a wound dressing 791:806 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 23640859 4 15 theme wound 793:797 arg1 removable 825:833 removable 825:833 removable 825:833 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 23640859 2 16 theme skin 357:360 arg1 composition 335:345 composition 335:345 composition 335:345 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 16 theme skin 357:360 arg1 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 structure 321:329 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 5 17 theme acetate/gelatin 1145:1159 arg1 scaffolds 1161:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 6 18 theme acetate/gelatin 1244:1258 arg1 25:75 1260:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 2 19 theme acetate/gelatin 410:424 arg1 membranes 426:434 cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes 400:434 cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes 400:434 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 20 theme wound 539:543 arg1 dressing 545:552 a wound dressing 537:552 a wound dressing was evaluated 537:566 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 0 21 theme skin 53:56 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 0:56 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 6 22 theme fibroblasts 1207:1217 arg1 proliferation 1177:1189 High proliferation 1172:1189 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1172:1264 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 3 23 theme Skin 569:572 arg1 products 584:591 Skin treatment products 569:591 Skin treatment products 569:591 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 6 24 theme electrospun 1222:1232 arg1 25:75 1260:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 25 theme tissue-engineered 1342:1358 arg1 scaffold 1360:1367 a tissue-engineered scaffold 1340:1367 a tissue-engineered scaffold 1340:1367 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 25 theme tissue-engineered 1342:1358 arg1 capability 1280:1289 the capability 1276:1289 the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers 1276:1335 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 2 26 theme native 350:355 arg1 skin 357:360 native skin 350:360 native skin 350:360 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 1 27 theme complex 191:197 arg1 combination 199:209 a complex combination 189:209 a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides 189:241 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 6 28 theme potential 1433:1441 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 28 theme potential 1433:1441 arg1 75:25 1418:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 3 29 theme fluid 706:710 arg1 exchange 712:719 gas and fluid exchange 698:719 exchange 712:719 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 2 30 from electrospun 388:398 arg1 compositions 447:458 various compositions 439:458 various compositions 439:458 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 30 from electrospun 388:398 arg1 performance 470:480 their performance 464:480 their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated 464:566 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 31 theme cellulose 400:408 arg1 membranes 426:434 cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes 400:434 cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes 400:434 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 0 32 theme cellulose 27:35 arg1 skin 53:56 nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 15:56 nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 15:56 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 4 33 theme cell 949:952 arg1 proliferation 954:966 cell proliferation 949:966 cell proliferation 949:966 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 23640859 6 34 theme acetate/gelatin 1304:1318 arg1 nanofibers 1326:1335 cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers 1294:1335 cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers 1294:1335 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 1 35 theme major 116:120 arg1 component 122:130 The major component 112:130 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis 112:172 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 0 36 theme nanofibrous 15:25 arg1 skin 53:56 nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 15:56 nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 15:56 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 6 37 theme low-adherent 1443:1454 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 37 theme low-adherent 1443:1454 arg1 75:25 1418:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 38 theme dermal 1200:1205 arg1 fibroblasts 1207:1217 human dermal fibroblasts 1194:1217 human dermal fibroblasts 1194:1217 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 1 39 theme proteins 214:221 arg1 combination 199:209 a complex combination 189:209 a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides 189:241 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 2 40 theme tissue 512:517 arg1 engineering 519:529 either skin tissue engineering 500:529 either skin tissue engineering 500:529 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 6 41 theme nanofibers 1326:1335 arg1 scaffold 1360:1367 a tissue-engineered scaffold 1340:1367 a tissue-engineered scaffold 1340:1367 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 41 theme nanofibers 1326:1335 arg1 capability 1280:1289 the capability 1276:1289 the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers 1276:1335 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 3 42 theme gas 698:700 arg1 exchange 712:719 gas and fluid exchange 698:719 exchange 712:719 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 2 43 theme skin 507:510 arg1 engineering 519:529 either skin tissue engineering 500:529 either skin tissue engineering 500:529 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 0 44 theme acetate/gelatin 37:51 arg1 skin 53:56 nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 15:56 nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin 15:56 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 2 45 theme cellulose 256:264 arg1 simulator 304:312 an effective simulator 291:312 an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin 291:360 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 45 theme cellulose 256:264 arg1 acetate/gelatin 266:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 6 46 from proliferation 1177:1189 arg1 25:75 1260:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1222:1264 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 1 47 theme polysaccharides 227:241 arg1 combination 199:209 a complex combination 189:209 a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides 189:241 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 5 48 theme composite 1125:1133 arg1 scaffolds 1161:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1125:1169 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 2 49 theme Electrospun 244:254 arg1 simulator 304:312 an effective simulator 291:312 an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin 291:360 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 49 theme Electrospun 244:254 arg1 acetate/gelatin 266:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 6 50 theme human 1194:1198 arg1 fibroblasts 1207:1217 human dermal fibroblasts 1194:1217 human dermal fibroblasts 1194:1217 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 4 51 theme tissue-engineered 871:887 arg1 scaffold 889:896 a tissue-engineered scaffold 869:896 a tissue-engineered scaffold 869:896 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 23640859 4 51 theme tissue-engineered 871:887 arg1 able 908:911 able 908:911 able 908:911 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 23640859 6 52 theme wound 1456:1460 arg1 dressing 1462:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 a potential low-adherent wound dressing 1431:1469 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 6 52 theme wound 1456:1460 arg1 75:25 1418:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 1376:1422 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 3 53 theme wound 633:637 arg1 dressings 639:647 wound dressings 633:647 wound dressings 633:647 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 1 54 theme fibrous 135:141 arg1 matrix 157:162 fibrous extracellular matrix 135:162 fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis 135:172 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 5 55 theme adherency 1024:1032 arg1 features 1034:1041 these distinct adherency features 1009:1041 these distinct adherency features 1009:1041 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 2 56 theme effective 294:302 arg1 simulator 304:312 an effective simulator 291:312 an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin 291:360 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 56 theme effective 294:302 arg1 acetate/gelatin 266:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 4 57 theme tissue 851:856 arg1 damage 858:863 tissue damage 851:863 tissue damage 851:863 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 23640859 1 58 theme extracellular 143:155 arg1 matrix 157:162 fibrous extracellular matrix 135:162 fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis 135:172 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 2 59 theme composition 335:345 arg1 simulator 304:312 an effective simulator 291:312 an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin 291:360 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 59 theme composition 335:345 arg1 acetate/gelatin 266:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 244:280 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 59 theme composition 335:345 arg1 electrospun 388:398 electrospun 388:398 electrospun 388:398 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 5 60 theme distinct 1015:1022 arg1 features 1034:1041 these distinct adherency features 1009:1041 these distinct adherency features 1009:1041 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 5 61 theme cellulose 1092:1100 arg1 acetate 1102:1108 cellulose acetate 1092:1108 cellulose acetate 1092:1108 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 3 62 theme treatment 574:582 arg1 products 584:591 Skin treatment products 569:591 Skin treatment products 569:591 Skin treatment products, whether tissue-engineered scaffolds or wound dressings, should be sufficiently hydrophilic to allow for gas and fluid exchange and absorb excess exudates while controlling the fluid loss. 23640859 5 63 theme gelatin 1114:1120 arg1 composition 1077:1087 the composition 1073:1087 the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds 1073:1169 We showed that these distinct adherency features are feasible just by changing the composition of cellulose acetate and gelatin in composite cellulose acetate/gelatin scaffolds. 23640859 1 64 theme matrix 157:162 arg1 component 122:130 The major component 112:130 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis 112:172 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 0 65 theme wound 82:86 arg1 applications 98:109 variety wound treatment applications 74:109 variety wound treatment applications 74:109 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 2 66 theme various 439:445 arg1 compositions 447:458 various compositions 439:458 various compositions 439:458 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 67 from simulator 304:312 arg1 compositions 447:458 various compositions 439:458 various compositions 439:458 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 2 67 from simulator 304:312 arg1 performance 470:480 their performance 464:480 their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated 464:566 Electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin might be an effective simulator of the structure and composition of native skin and during this study, we electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin membranes in various compositions and their performance as a scaffold for either skin tissue engineering or as a wound dressing was evaluated. 23640859 0 68 theme variety 74:80 arg1 applications 98:109 variety wound treatment applications 74:109 variety wound treatment applications 74:109 Development of nanofibrous cellulose acetate/gelatin skin substitutes for variety wound treatment applications. 23640859 6 69 theme High 1172:1175 arg1 proliferation 1177:1189 High proliferation 1172:1189 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 1172:1264 High proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts on electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 confirmed the capability of cellulose acetate/gelatin 25:75 nanofibers as a tissue-engineered scaffold, while the electrospun cellulose acetate/gelatin 75:25 can be a potential low-adherent wound dressing. 23640859 1 70 theme dermis 167:172 arg1 matrix 157:162 fibrous extracellular matrix 135:162 fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis 135:172 The major component of fibrous extracellular matrix of dermis is composed of a complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides. 23640859 4 71 theme skin 975:978 arg1 regeneration 980:991 skin regeneration 975:991 skin regeneration 975:991 However, a wound dressing should be easily removable without causing tissue damage and a tissue-engineered scaffold should be able to adhere to the wound, and support cell proliferation during skin regeneration. 28373049 5 0 theme different 785:793 arg1 bacteria 806:813 the different pathogenic bacteria 781:813 the different pathogenic bacteria 781:813 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 1 dep mediated 297:304 arg1 biosynthesized 306:319 biosynthesized 306:319 mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method 297:423 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 2 theme pathogenic 795:804 arg1 bacteria 806:813 the different pathogenic bacteria 781:813 the different pathogenic bacteria 781:813 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 3 theme based 170:174 arg1 composites 176:185 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites 89:185 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property 89:223 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 3 4 theme UV-vis 567:572 arg1 spectrum 574:581 the UV-vis spectrum 563:581 the UV-vis spectrum 563:581 The CUS-AgNPS were characterized by the UV-vis spectrum, XRD and SEM. 28373049 6 5 theme composite 1004:1012 arg1 formulation 1014:1024 our composite formulation 1000:1024 our composite formulation (FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS) 1000:1044 Based on these observations our composite formulation (FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS) could be suggested potential for wound dressing applications. 28373049 6 5 theme composite 1004:1012 arg1 FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS 1027:1043 FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS 1027:1043 FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS 1027:1043 Based on these observations our composite formulation (FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS) could be suggested potential for wound dressing applications. 28373049 5 6 theme significant 944:954 arg1 viability 961:969 significant cell viability 944:969 significant cell viability 944:969 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 7 theme prominent 755:763 arg1 results 765:771 prominent results 755:771 prominent results 755:771 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 8 theme wound 373:377 arg1 applications 388:399 wound dressing applications 373:399 wound dressing applications 373:399 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 9 theme human 888:892 arg1 cell 912:915 human dermal fibroblast cell 888:915 human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability 888:969 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 9 theme human 888:892 arg1 cells 922:926 HDF cells 918:926 HDF cells 918:926 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 10 theme dressing 379:386 arg1 applications 388:399 wound dressing applications 373:399 wound dressing applications 373:399 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 4 11 theme UV-vis 670:675 arg1 spectrum 677:684 UV-vis spectrum 670:684 UV-vis spectrum 670:684 CUS-AgNPS were loaded into the FCS-ALE sponges and were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, FT-IR and SEM. 28373049 0 12 theme chitosan 7:14 arg1 based 16:20 Fungal chitosan based 0:20 Fungal chitosan based 0:20 Fungal chitosan based nanocomposites sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing. 28373049 5 13 theme HDF 918:920 arg1 cell 912:915 human dermal fibroblast cell 888:915 human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability 888:969 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 13 theme HDF 918:920 arg1 cells 922:926 HDF cells 918:926 HDF cells 918:926 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 14 theme porous 93:98 arg1 composites 176:185 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites 89:185 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property 89:223 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 15 theme potential 192:200 arg1 property 216:223 potential antibacterial property 192:223 potential antibacterial property 192:223 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 0 16 theme Fungal 0:5 arg1 based 16:20 Fungal chitosan based 0:20 Fungal chitosan based 0:20 Fungal chitosan based nanocomposites sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing. 28373049 1 17 theme plant 275:279 arg1 reflexa 289:295 the plant Cuscuta reflexa 271:295 the plant Cuscuta reflexa 271:295 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 2 18 dep Cunninghamella 459:472 arg1 species 484:490 a species 482:490 Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes 459:524 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 2 18 dep Cunninghamella 459:472 arg1 elegans 474:480 Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes 459:524 Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes 459:524 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 2 18 dep Cunninghamella 459:472 arg1 belongs 492:498 belongs 492:498 belongs the family of Zygomycetes 492:524 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 2 19 attach derived 446:452 arg1 Cunninghamella 459:472 Cunninghamella 459:472 Cunninghamella 459:472 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 2 19 attach derived 446:452 arg2 chitosan 433:440 Fungal chitosan 426:440 Fungal chitosan 426:440 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 1 20 theme structured 100:109 arg1 composites 176:185 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites 89:185 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property 89:223 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 21 theme antibacterial 202:214 arg1 property 216:223 potential antibacterial property 192:223 potential antibacterial property 192:223 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 22 theme Cuscuta 281:287 arg1 reflexa 289:295 the plant Cuscuta reflexa 271:295 the plant Cuscuta reflexa 271:295 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 23 theme nanocomposite 706:718 arg1 sponges 720:726 The nanocomposite sponges 702:726 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells 702:842 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 23 theme nanocomposite 706:718 arg1 FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS 729:745 FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS 729:745 FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS 729:745 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 6 24 theme wound 1079:1083 arg1 applications 1094:1105 wound dressing applications 1079:1105 wound dressing applications 1079:1105 Based on these observations our composite formulation (FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS) could be suggested potential for wound dressing applications. 28373049 1 25 dep based 170:174 arg1 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 25 dep based 170:174 arg1 chitosan 155:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan 115:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) 115:168 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 26 theme cell 956:959 arg1 viability 961:969 significant cell viability 944:969 significant cell viability 944:969 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 27 dep extract 253:259 arg1 ALE 262:264 ALE 262:264 ALE 262:264 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 28 theme cell 115:118 arg1 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 28 theme cell 115:118 arg1 chitosan 155:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan 115:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) 115:168 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 29 theme in 856:857 arg1 viability 870:878 in vitro cell viability 856:878 in vitro cell viability 856:878 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 0 30 theme alternative 48:58 arg1 medicine 60:67 sponges-An alternative medicine 37:67 sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing 37:86 Fungal chitosan based nanocomposites sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing. 28373049 1 31 theme freeze 404:409 arg1 method 418:423 freeze drying method 404:423 freeze drying method 404:423 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 32 theme dermal 894:899 arg1 cell 912:915 human dermal fibroblast cell 888:915 human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability 888:969 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 32 theme dermal 894:899 arg1 cells 922:926 HDF cells 918:926 HDF cells 918:926 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 2 33 theme Fungal 426:431 arg1 chitosan 433:440 Fungal chitosan 426:440 Fungal chitosan 426:440 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 0 34 theme sponges-An 37:46 arg1 medicine 60:67 sponges-An alternative medicine 37:67 sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing 37:86 Fungal chitosan based nanocomposites sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing. 28373049 1 35 theme drying 411:416 arg1 method 418:423 freeze drying method 404:423 freeze drying method 404:423 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 36 theme cell 865:868 arg1 viability 870:878 in vitro cell viability 856:878 in vitro cell viability 856:878 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 1 37 theme silver 321:326 arg1 CUS-AgNPS 343:351 CUS-AgNPS 343:351 CUS-AgNPS 343:351 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 37 theme silver 321:326 arg1 nanoparticles 328:340 silver nanoparticles 321:340 silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) 321:352 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 2 38 theme Zygomycetes 514:524 arg1 family 504:509 the family 500:509 the family of Zygomycetes 500:524 Fungal chitosan was derived from Cunninghamella elegans a species belongs the family of Zygomycetes. 28373049 1 39 theme proliferative 120:132 arg1 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 39 theme proliferative 120:132 arg1 chitosan 155:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan 115:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) 115:168 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 40 theme biodegradable 134:146 arg1 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 40 theme biodegradable 134:146 arg1 chitosan 155:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan 115:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) 115:168 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 41 with composites 176:185 arg1 property 216:223 potential antibacterial property 192:223 potential antibacterial property 192:223 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 42 theme fungal 148:153 arg1 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 FCS 165:167 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 42 theme fungal 148:153 arg1 chitosan 155:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan 115:162 cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) 115:168 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 1 43 theme Aloe 243:246 arg1 extract 253:259 Aloe vera extract 243:259 Aloe vera extract (ALE) 243:265 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 6 44 theme dressing 1085:1092 arg1 applications 1094:1105 wound dressing applications 1079:1105 wound dressing applications 1079:1105 Based on these observations our composite formulation (FCS/ALE/CUS-AgNPS) could be suggested potential for wound dressing applications. 28373049 1 45 theme vera 248:251 arg1 extract 253:259 Aloe vera extract 243:259 Aloe vera extract (ALE) 243:265 The porous structured and cell proliferative biodegradable fungal chitosan (FCS) based composites with potential antibacterial property was prepared with Aloe vera extract (ALE) and the plant Cuscuta reflexa mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (CUS-AgNPS) were developed for wound dressing applications by freeze drying method. 28373049 5 46 dep sponges 720:726 arg1 showed 748:753 showed 748:753 showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria 748:813 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 46 dep sponges 720:726 arg1 affect 827:832 affect 827:832 did not affect the cells 819:842 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 47 theme fibroblast 901:910 arg1 cell 912:915 human dermal fibroblast cell 888:915 human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability 888:969 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 5 47 theme fibroblast 901:910 arg1 cells 922:926 HDF cells 918:926 HDF cells 918:926 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 0 48 theme wound 73:77 arg1 dressing 79:86 wound dressing 73:86 wound dressing 73:86 Fungal chitosan based nanocomposites sponges-An alternative medicine for wound dressing. 28373049 5 49 dep in 856:857 arg1 vitro 859:863 vitro 859:863 vitro 859:863 The nanocomposite sponges (FCS-ALE/CUS-AgNPS) showed prominent results against the different pathogenic bacteria and did not affect the cells were tested in vitro cell viability against human dermal fibroblast cell (HDF cells) which revealed significant cell viability. 28373049 4 50 theme FCS-ALE 628:634 arg1 sponges 636:642 the FCS-ALE sponges 624:642 the FCS-ALE sponges 624:642 CUS-AgNPS were loaded into the FCS-ALE sponges and were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, FT-IR and SEM. 27151670 7 0 theme 3D 939:940 arg1 materials 942:950 New 3D materials 935:950 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 935:1012 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 6 1 theme Mechanical 796:805 arg1 properties 807:816 Mechanical properties 796:816 Mechanical properties 796:816 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 5 2 theme chitosan 708:715 arg1 blends 698:703 the blends 694:703 the blends of chitosan and collagen 694:728 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 2 3 theme thermal 271:277 arg1 stability 279:287 thermal stability 271:287 thermal stability 271:287 Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. 27151670 6 4 theme blends 861:866 arg1 properties 807:816 Mechanical properties 796:816 Mechanical properties 796:816 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 6 4 theme blends 861:866 arg1 stability 830:838 thermal stability 822:838 thermal stability 822:838 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 7 5 theme cell 1062:1065 arg1 morphology 1067:1076 cell morphology 1062:1076 cell morphology 1062:1076 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 0 6 theme acid 91:94 arg1 addition 68:75 the addition 64:75 the addition of hyaluronic acid 64:94 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 6 7 theme chitosan/collagen 843:859 arg1 blends 861:866 chitosan/collagen blends 843:866 chitosan/collagen blends 843:866 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 5 8 theme hyaluronic 779:788 arg1 acid 790:793 hyaluronic acid 779:793 hyaluronic acid 779:793 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 1 9 theme chitosan 137:144 arg1 blends 127:132 blends 127:132 blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 127:174 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 0 10 theme hyaluronic 80:89 arg1 acid 91:94 hyaluronic acid 80:94 hyaluronic acid 80:94 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 2 11 theme swelling 249:256 arg1 behavior 258:265 swelling behavior 249:265 swelling behavior 249:265 Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. 27151670 5 12 theme collagen 721:728 arg1 blends 698:703 the blends 694:703 the blends of chitosan and collagen 694:728 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 2 13 theme blends 296:301 arg1 properties 237:246 Mechanical properties 226:246 Mechanical properties 226:246 Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. 27151670 2 13 theme blends 296:301 arg1 behavior 258:265 swelling behavior 249:265 swelling behavior 249:265 Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. 27151670 2 13 theme blends 296:301 arg1 stability 279:287 thermal stability 271:287 thermal stability 271:287 Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. 27151670 6 14 from presence 889:896 arg1 composite 924:932 the composite 920:932 the composite 920:932 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 1 15 theme collagen 147:154 arg1 blends 127:132 blends 127:132 blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 127:174 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 0 16 theme 3D 0:1 arg1 composites 3:12 3D composites 0:12 3D composites 0:12 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 4 17 theme biomaterial 530:540 arg1 extract 542:548 biomaterial extract 530:548 biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 530:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 1 18 theme hyaluronic 160:169 arg1 acid 171:174 hyaluronic acid 160:174 hyaluronic acid 160:174 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 4 19 theme MTT 556:558 arg1 assay 560:564 MTT assay 556:564 MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 556:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 4 19 theme MTT 556:558 arg1 bromide 619:625 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 567:625 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 567:625 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 5 20 dep addition 753:760 arg1 % 763:763 1% 762:763 1% 762:763 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 5 20 dep addition 753:760 arg1 % 767:767 2% 766:767 2% 766:767 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 5 20 dep addition 753:760 arg1 % 774:774 5% 773:774 5% 773:774 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 6 21 theme thermal 822:828 arg1 stability 830:838 thermal stability 822:838 thermal stability 822:838 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 1 22 theme acid 171:174 arg1 blends 127:132 blends 127:132 blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 127:174 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 3 23 theme blends 374:379 arg1 structure 357:365 the structure 353:365 the structure of the blends 353:379 Moreover, SEM images were taken and the structure of the blends was studied. 27151670 7 24 theme hyaluronic 998:1007 arg1 acid 1009:1012 hyaluronic acid 998:1012 hyaluronic acid 998:1012 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 5 25 theme acid 790:793 arg1 addition 753:760 the addition 1%, 2% and 5% 749:774 the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid 749:793 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 4 26 theme cells 509:513 arg1 rate 490:493 proliferation rate 476:493 proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 476:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 6 27 from composite 924:932 arg1 presence 889:896 the presence 885:896 the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite 885:932 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 3 28 theme SEM 327:329 arg1 images 331:336 SEM images 327:336 SEM images 327:336 Moreover, SEM images were taken and the structure of the blends was studied. 27151670 0 29 theme chitosan 37:44 arg1 blends 27:32 the blends 23:32 the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid 23:94 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 4 30 theme fibroblast 498:507 arg1 cells 509:513 fibroblast cells 498:513 fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 498:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 7 31 theme collagen 985:992 arg1 blends 965:970 the blends 961:970 the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 961:1012 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 4 32 theme materials 423:431 arg1 properties 405:414 Biological properties 394:414 Biological properties of the materials obtained 394:440 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 6 33 from acid 912:915 arg1 composite 924:932 the composite 920:932 the composite 920:932 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 6 34 theme acid 912:915 arg1 presence 889:896 the presence 885:896 the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite 885:932 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 7 35 theme acid 1009:1012 arg1 blends 965:970 the blends 961:970 the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 961:1012 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 5 36 theme 3D 671:672 arg1 composites 674:683 3D composites 671:683 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen 671:728 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 1 37 theme 3D 97:98 arg1 composites 107:116 3D porous composites 97:116 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 97:174 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 5 38 theme composites 674:683 arg1 properties 657:666 the properties 653:666 the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen 653:728 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 1 39 theme porous 100:105 arg1 composites 107:116 3D porous composites 97:116 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 97:174 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 7 40 theme New 935:937 arg1 materials 942:950 New 3D materials 935:950 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 935:1012 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 4 41 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2 570:592 arg1 assay 560:564 MTT assay 556:564 MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 556:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 4 41 theme 4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2 570:592 arg1 bromide 619:625 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 567:625 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 567:625 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 0 42 theme collagen 50:57 arg1 blends 27:32 the blends 23:32 the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid 23:94 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 4 43 theme Biological 394:403 arg1 properties 405:414 Biological properties 394:414 Biological properties of the materials obtained 394:440 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 2 44 theme Mechanical 226:235 arg1 properties 237:246 Mechanical properties 226:246 Mechanical properties 226:246 Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. 27151670 1 45 theme lyophilization 202:215 arg1 process 217:223 the lyophilization process 198:223 the lyophilization process 198:223 3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 27151670 4 46 theme proliferation 476:488 arg1 rate 490:493 proliferation rate 476:493 proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 476:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 0 47 with blends 27:32 arg1 addition 68:75 the addition 64:75 the addition of hyaluronic acid 64:94 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid. 27151670 7 48 theme chitosan 975:982 arg1 blends 965:970 the blends 961:970 the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 961:1012 New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. 27151670 6 49 theme hyaluronic 901:910 arg1 acid 912:915 hyaluronic acid 901:915 hyaluronic acid in the composite 901:932 Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. 27151670 4 50 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 594:617 arg1 assay 560:564 MTT assay 556:564 MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) 556:626 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 27151670 4 50 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 594:617 arg1 bromide 619:625 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 567:625 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide 567:625 Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). 26492255 8 0 dep furthering 1187:1196 arg1 addition 1175:1182 addition 1175:1182 addition 1175:1182 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 8 1 theme salts 1136:1140 arg1 effect 1126:1131 the effect 1122:1131 the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture 1122:1169 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 3 2 theme Porphyridium 508:519 arg1 sp 521:522 Porphyridium sp 508:522 Porphyridium sp 508:522 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 4 3 theme milk 593:596 arg1 formula 598:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. 26492255 0 4 theme Polysaccharides 67:81 arg1 Activity 31:38 the Antioxidant Activity 15:38 the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula 15:101 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 0 5 from Effect 5:10 arg1 Activity 31:38 the Antioxidant Activity 15:38 the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula 15:101 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 5 6 theme Salt 607:610 arg1 composition 612:622 Salt composition 607:622 Salt composition 607:622 Salt composition and concentration were both shown to affect the polysaccharides' antioxidant activity. 26492255 2 7 theme microalgal 342:351 arg1 polysaccharides 353:367 red microalgal polysaccharides 338:367 red microalgal polysaccharides 338:367 To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. 26492255 4 8 theme infant 586:591 arg1 formula 598:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. 26492255 6 9 from sites 909:913 arg1 comparison 918:927 comparison 918:927 comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement 918:973 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 8 10 from knowledge 1198:1206 arg1 bioactivities 1226:1238 polysaccharide bioactivities 1211:1238 polysaccharide bioactivities 1211:1238 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 0 11 theme Soy-Bean 86:93 arg1 Formula 95:101 Soy-Bean Formula 86:101 Soy-Bean Formula 86:101 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 2 12 theme polysaccharides 353:367 arg1 bioactivity 323:333 the antioxidant bioactivity 307:333 the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides 307:367 To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. 26492255 3 13 theme polysaccharides 479:493 arg1 activities 437:446 the antioxidant activities 421:446 the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 421:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 3 14 theme antioxidant 425:435 arg1 activities 437:446 the antioxidant activities 421:446 the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 421:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 7 15 contain had 1020:1022 arg1 Ca 1013:1014 Ca 1013:1014 Ca(2+) 1013:1018 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 7 15 contain had 1020:1022 arg1 2+ 1016:1017 2+ 1016:1017 2+ 1016:1017 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 7 15 contain had 1020:1022 arg2 effect 1050:1055 the strongest enhancement effect 1024:1055 the strongest enhancement effect 1024:1055 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 0 16 from Activity 31:38 arg1 Formula 95:101 Soy-Bean Formula 86:101 Soy-Bean Formula 86:101 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 8 17 from effect 1126:1131 arg1 stucture 1162:1169 polysaccharides' stucture 1145:1169 polysaccharides' stucture 1145:1169 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 6 18 theme antiooxidant 896:907 arg1 sites 909:913 antiooxidant sites 896:913 antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement 896:973 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 7 19 theme polysaccharides 1091:1105 arg1 activities 1072:1081 antioxidant activities 1060:1081 antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides 1060:1105 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 1 20 theme various 180:186 arg1 activities 199:208 various biological activities 180:208 various biological activities 180:208 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 0 21 theme Salt 0:3 arg1 Effect 5:10 Salt Effect 0:10 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 0:102 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 1 22 theme biological 188:197 arg1 activities 199:208 various biological activities 180:208 various biological activities 180:208 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 8 23 dep shed 1250:1253 arg1 Understanding 1108:1120 Understanding 1108:1120 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture 1108:1169 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 3 24 theme red 455:457 arg1 polysaccharides 479:493 two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 451:493 two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 451:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 8 25 theme polysaccharide 1211:1224 arg1 bioactivities 1226:1238 polysaccharide bioactivities 1211:1238 polysaccharide bioactivities 1211:1238 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 4 26 theme bean-based 575:584 arg1 formula 598:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. 26492255 1 27 theme Sulfated 104:111 arg1 polysaccharides 113:127 Sulfated polysaccharides 104:127 Sulfated polysaccharides 104:127 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 1 27 theme Sulfated 104:111 arg1 sources 256:262 natural antioxidant sources 236:262 natural antioxidant sources 236:262 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 3 28 theme microalgal 459:468 arg1 polysaccharides 479:493 two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 451:493 two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 451:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 3 29 theme different 402:410 arg1 salts 412:416 different salts 402:416 different salts 402:416 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 4 30 theme soy 571:573 arg1 formula 598:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 a soy bean-based infant milk formula 569:604 and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. 26492255 7 31 theme antioxidant 1060:1070 arg1 activities 1072:1081 antioxidant activities 1060:1081 antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides 1060:1105 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 8 32 theme active 1296:1301 arg1 sites 1303:1307 the antioxidant active sites 1280:1307 the antioxidant active sites 1280:1307 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 3 33 theme salts 412:416 arg1 effect 392:397 the effect 388:397 the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 388:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 0 34 theme Antioxidant 19:29 arg1 Activity 31:38 the Antioxidant Activity 15:38 the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula 15:101 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 8 35 theme antioxidant 1284:1294 arg1 sites 1303:1307 the antioxidant active sites 1280:1307 the antioxidant active sites 1280:1307 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 0 36 theme Red 43:45 arg1 Polysaccharides 67:81 Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides 43:81 Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides 43:81 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 4 37 theme Porphyridium 529:540 arg1 aerugineum 542:551 Porphyridium aerugineum 529:551 Porphyridium aerugineum 529:551 and Porphyridium aerugineum were studied in a soy bean-based infant milk formula. 26492255 5 38 theme antioxidant 689:699 arg1 activity 701:708 the polysaccharides' antioxidant activity 668:708 the polysaccharides' antioxidant activity 668:708 Salt composition and concentration were both shown to affect the polysaccharides' antioxidant activity. 26492255 6 39 theme polysaccharide 768:781 arg1 chains 783:788 the polysaccharide chains 764:788 the polysaccharide chains' interactions 764:802 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 2 40 theme red 338:340 arg1 polysaccharides 353:367 red microalgal polysaccharides 338:367 red microalgal polysaccharides 338:367 To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. 26492255 6 41 theme three-dimensional 848:864 arg1 structure 866:874 a new three-dimensional structure 842:874 a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement 842:973 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 8 42 theme sites 1303:1307 arg1 position 1268:1275 the position 1264:1275 the position of the antioxidant active sites 1264:1307 Understanding the effect of salts on polysaccharides' stucture, in addition to furthering knowledge on polysaccharide bioactivities, may also shed light on the position of the antioxidant active sites. 26492255 6 43 theme salt 959:962 arg1 supplement 964:973 salt supplement 959:973 salt supplement 959:973 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 7 44 theme strongest 1028:1036 arg1 effect 1050:1055 the strongest enhancement effect 1024:1055 the strongest enhancement effect 1024:1055 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 6 45 theme new 844:846 arg1 structure 866:874 a new three-dimensional structure 842:874 a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement 842:973 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 3 46 theme sulfated 470:477 arg1 polysaccharides 479:493 two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 451:493 two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 451:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 7 47 theme enhancement 1038:1048 arg1 effect 1050:1055 the strongest enhancement effect 1024:1055 the strongest enhancement effect 1024:1055 Among the cations that were studied, Ca(2+) had the strongest enhancement effect on antioxidant activities of both polysaccharides. 26492255 2 48 theme antioxidant 311:321 arg1 bioactivity 323:333 the antioxidant bioactivity 307:333 the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides 307:367 To date, only a few studies have examined the antioxidant bioactivity of red microalgal polysaccharides. 26492255 0 49 theme Sulfated 58:65 arg1 Polysaccharides 67:81 Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides 43:81 Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides 43:81 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 1 50 theme natural 236:242 arg1 polysaccharides 113:127 Sulfated polysaccharides 104:127 Sulfated polysaccharides 104:127 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 1 50 theme natural 236:242 arg1 sources 256:262 natural antioxidant sources 236:262 natural antioxidant sources 236:262 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 0 51 theme Microalgal 47:56 arg1 Polysaccharides 67:81 Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides 43:81 Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides 43:81 Salt Effect on the Antioxidant Activity of Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharides in Soy-Bean Formula. 26492255 3 52 from effect 392:397 arg1 activities 437:446 the antioxidant activities 421:446 the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides 421:493 In this research, the effect of different salts on the antioxidant activities of two red microalgal sulfated polysaccharides derived from Porphyridium sp. 26492255 6 53 theme salt 741:744 arg1 ions 746:749 the salt ions 737:749 the salt ions 737:749 It can be postulated that the salt ions intefer with the polysaccharide chains' interactions and alter their structure, leading to a new three-dimensional structure that better exposes antiooxidant sites in comparison to the polysaccharide without salt supplement. 26492255 1 54 theme antioxidant 244:254 arg1 polysaccharides 113:127 Sulfated polysaccharides 104:127 Sulfated polysaccharides 104:127 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 26492255 1 54 theme antioxidant 244:254 arg1 sources 256:262 natural antioxidant sources 236:262 natural antioxidant sources 236:262 Sulfated polysaccharides produced by microalgae, which are known to exhibit various biological activities, may potentially serve as natural antioxidant sources. 25982641 4 0 theme nanofibrous 588:598 arg1 mats 600:603 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 570:603 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats with the addition of REC 570:628 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats with the addition of REC could enhance the inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25982641 5 1 theme NGs-coated 725:734 arg1 mats 736:739 NGs-coated mats 725:739 NGs-coated mats 725:739 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 1 2 theme -alginate 161:169 arg1 nanogels 177:184 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels 119:184 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) 119:190 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 2 theme -alginate 161:169 arg1 NGs 187:189 NGs 187:189 NGs 187:189 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 0 3 theme based 103:107 arg1 nanogels 109:116 polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels 77:116 polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels 77:116 Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanofibrous mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels. 25982641 3 4 theme mats 515:518 arg1 composition 472:482 The composition 468:482 The composition of NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats 468:518 The composition of NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 25982641 5 5 from toxicity 753:760 arg1 fibroblasts 794:804 mouse lung fibroblasts 783:804 mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay 783:820 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 3 6 theme photoelectron 542:554 arg1 spectroscopy 556:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 536:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 536:567 The composition of NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 25982641 1 7 theme LY 252:253 arg1 solutions 255:263 LY solutions 252:263 LY solutions 252:263 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 5 8 theme cellulose 765:773 arg1 mats 775:778 cellulose mats 765:778 cellulose mats 765:778 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 6 9 theme mats 924:927 arg1 compatibility 881:893 the cell compatibility 872:893 the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 872:927 Besides, the addition of REC in the NGs improved the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats. 25982641 3 10 theme nanofibrous 503:513 arg1 mats 515:518 NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats 487:518 NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats 487:518 The composition of NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 25982641 5 11 theme mats 775:778 arg1 toxicity 753:760 the toxicity 749:760 the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay 749:820 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 6 12 theme nanofibrous 912:922 arg1 mats 924:927 NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 898:927 NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 898:927 Besides, the addition of REC in the NGs improved the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats. 25982641 6 13 theme NGs-assembled 898:910 arg1 mats 924:927 NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 898:927 NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 898:927 Besides, the addition of REC in the NGs improved the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats. 25982641 5 14 theme MTT 812:814 arg1 assay 816:820 MTT assay 812:820 MTT assay 812:820 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 0 15 theme Antimicrobial 0:12 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanofibrous mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels. 25982641 2 16 theme electron 433:440 arg1 microscopy 442:451 transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy 372:451 microscopy 442:451 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 4 17 theme NGs-assembled 574:586 arg1 mats 600:603 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 570:603 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats with the addition of REC 570:628 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats with the addition of REC could enhance the inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25982641 5 18 theme mouse 783:787 arg1 fibroblasts 794:804 mouse lung fibroblasts 783:804 mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay 783:820 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 2 19 theme scanning 424:431 arg1 microscopy 442:451 transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy 372:451 microscopy 442:451 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 1 20 theme Rectorite 119:127 arg1 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 20 theme Rectorite 119:127 arg1 -alginate 161:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate 119:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) 119:190 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 2 21 theme mats 351:354 arg1 morphology 295:304 The morphology 291:304 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 291:354 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 2 22 theme emission 415:422 arg1 microscopy 442:451 transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy 372:451 microscopy 442:451 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 2 23 theme field 409:413 arg1 microscopy 442:451 transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy 372:451 microscopy 442:451 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 1 24 theme mass 272:275 arg1 ratio 277:281 the mass ratio 268:281 the mass ratio of 1:2 268:288 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 25 theme LY 158:159 arg1 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 25 theme LY 158:159 arg1 -alginate 161:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate 119:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) 119:190 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 0 26 theme nanofibrous 43:53 arg1 cytotoxicity 27:38 cytotoxicity 27:38 cytotoxicity 27:38 Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanofibrous mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels. 25982641 0 26 theme nanofibrous 43:53 arg1 activity 14:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity 0:21 Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanofibrous mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels. 25982641 3 27 theme NGs-immobilized 487:501 arg1 mats 515:518 NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats 487:518 NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats 487:518 The composition of NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 25982641 6 28 theme cell 876:879 arg1 compatibility 881:893 the cell compatibility 872:893 the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 872:927 Besides, the addition of REC in the NGs improved the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats. 25982641 6 29 from addition 836:843 arg1 NGs 859:861 the NGs 855:861 the NGs 855:861 Besides, the addition of REC in the NGs improved the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats. 25982641 2 30 theme electron 385:392 arg1 microscope 394:403 transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy 372:451 microscope 394:403 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 0 31 dep mats 55:58 arg1 immobilized 60:70 immobilized 60:70 mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels 55:116 Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanofibrous mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels. 25982641 2 32 theme transmission 372:383 arg1 microscope 394:403 transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy 372:451 microscope 394:403 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 1 33 theme 1:2 286:288 arg1 ratio 277:281 the mass ratio 268:281 the mass ratio of 1:2 268:288 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 2 34 theme NGs 313:315 arg1 morphology 295:304 The morphology 291:304 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 291:354 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 1 35 theme -encapsulated 134:146 arg1 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 35 theme -encapsulated 134:146 arg1 -alginate 161:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate 119:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) 119:190 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 36 theme lysozyme 148:155 arg1 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 ALG 172:174 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 1 36 theme lysozyme 148:155 arg1 -alginate 161:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate 119:169 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) 119:190 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 4 37 theme REC 626:628 arg1 addition 614:621 the addition 610:621 the addition of REC 610:628 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats with the addition of REC could enhance the inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25982641 3 38 theme X-ray 536:540 arg1 spectroscopy 556:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 536:567 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 536:567 The composition of NGs-immobilized nanofibrous mats was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 25982641 0 39 theme polysaccharides-rectorite 77:101 arg1 nanogels 109:116 polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels 77:116 polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels 77:116 Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of nanofibrous mats immobilized with polysaccharides-rectorite based nanogels. 25982641 6 40 theme REC 848:850 arg1 addition 836:843 the addition 832:843 the addition of REC in the NGs 832:861 Besides, the addition of REC in the NGs improved the cell compatibility of NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats. 25982641 2 41 theme nanofibrous 339:349 arg1 mats 351:354 the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 321:354 the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 321:354 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 1 42 theme ALG-REC 216:222 arg1 suspensions 235:245 ALG-REC composites suspensions 216:245 ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions 216:263 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 25982641 5 43 theme lung 789:792 arg1 fibroblasts 794:804 mouse lung fibroblasts 783:804 mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay 783:820 Additionally, NGs-coated mats reduced the toxicity of cellulose mats on mouse lung fibroblasts using MTT assay. 25982641 4 44 with mats 600:603 arg1 addition 614:621 the addition 610:621 the addition of REC 610:628 The NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats with the addition of REC could enhance the inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25982641 2 45 theme NGs-assembled 325:337 arg1 mats 351:354 the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 321:354 the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats 321:354 The morphology of the NGs and the NGs-assembled nanofibrous mats were studied by transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. 25982641 1 46 theme composites 224:233 arg1 suspensions 235:245 ALG-REC composites suspensions 216:245 ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions 216:263 Rectorite (REC)-encapsulated lysozyme (LY)-alginate (ALG) nanogels (NGs) were prepared by adding ALG-REC composites suspensions into LY solutions at the mass ratio of 1:2. 27312633 5 0 theme acid 591:594 arg1 higher 649:654 higher 649:654 higher 649:654 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 5 0 theme acid 591:594 arg1 content 596:602 The uronic acid content 580:602 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 580:629 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 0 1 theme polysaccharide 72:85 arg1 antioxidant 17:27 antioxidant 17:27 antioxidant 17:27 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 0 1 theme polysaccharide 72:85 arg1 activity 47:54 antimutagenic activity 33:54 antimutagenic activity 33:54 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 0 1 theme polysaccharide 72:85 arg1 degradation 4:14 degradation 4:14 degradation 4:14 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 4 2 theme Total 490:494 arg1 content 503:509 Total sugars content 490:509 Total sugars content of three degraded samples 490:535 Total sugars content of three degraded samples were significantly higher than raw sample. 27312633 1 3 from opposita 169:176 arg1 water 186:190 cold water 181:190 cold water 181:190 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 9 4 theme present 1017:1023 arg1 results 1025:1031 The present results 1013:1031 The present results 1013:1031 The present results indicated this mucilage could be a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen. 27312633 4 5 theme raw 568:570 arg1 sample 572:577 raw sample 568:577 raw sample 568:577 Total sugars content of three degraded samples were significantly higher than raw sample. 27312633 0 6 theme Dioscorea 92:100 arg1 opposita 102:109 Dioscorea opposita 92:109 Dioscorea opposita 92:109 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 4 7 theme samples 529:535 arg1 content 503:509 Total sugars content 490:509 Total sugars content of three degraded samples 490:535 Total sugars content of three degraded samples were significantly higher than raw sample. 27312633 5 8 theme other 661:665 arg1 samples 667:673 other samples 661:673 other samples 661:673 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 6 9 theme degraded 770:777 arg1 samples 779:785 other two degraded samples 760:785 other two degraded samples 760:785 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 3 10 theme Chemical 381:388 arg1 analysis 402:409 Chemical composition analysis 381:409 Chemical composition analysis 381:409 Chemical composition analysis indicated that the degradation action was in a concentration dependent manner. 27312633 4 11 theme degraded 520:527 arg1 samples 529:535 three degraded samples 514:535 three degraded samples 514:535 Total sugars content of three degraded samples were significantly higher than raw sample. 27312633 7 12 theme garlic 936:941 arg1 roots 943:947 garlic roots 936:947 garlic roots 936:947 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 1 13 theme cold 181:184 arg1 water 186:190 cold water 181:190 cold water 181:190 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 3 14 theme composition 390:400 arg1 analysis 402:409 Chemical composition analysis 381:409 Chemical composition analysis 381:409 Chemical composition analysis indicated that the degradation action was in a concentration dependent manner. 27312633 5 15 theme sample 620:625 arg1 LP3 627:629 the degraded sample LP3 607:629 the degraded sample LP3 607:629 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 6 16 theme other 760:764 arg1 samples 779:785 other two degraded samples 760:785 other two degraded samples 760:785 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 3 17 theme degradation 430:440 arg1 action 442:447 the degradation action 426:447 the degradation action 426:447 Chemical composition analysis indicated that the degradation action was in a concentration dependent manner. 27312633 2 18 theme antimutagenic 339:351 arg1 activity 353:360 their antioxidant and antimutagenic activity 317:360 their antioxidant and antimutagenic activity 317:360 Three low-molecular-weight-samples were prepared, and their antioxidant and antimutagenic activity were investigated. 27312633 3 19 theme dependent 472:480 arg1 manner 482:487 a concentration dependent manner 456:487 a concentration dependent manner 456:487 Chemical composition analysis indicated that the degradation action was in a concentration dependent manner. 27312633 6 20 theme uronic 834:839 arg1 acid 841:844 more uronic acid 829:844 more uronic acid 829:844 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 8 21 theme certain 964:970 arg1 relationship 972:983 a certain relationship 962:983 a certain relationship between the two activities 962:1010 There maybe a certain relationship between the two activities. 27312633 7 22 theme excellent 865:873 arg1 activity 889:896 excellent antimutagenic activity 865:896 excellent antimutagenic activity 865:896 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 7 23 from peroxidation 920:931 arg1 roots 943:947 garlic roots 936:947 garlic roots 936:947 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 2 24 theme antioxidant 323:333 arg1 activity 353:360 their antioxidant and antimutagenic activity 317:360 their antioxidant and antimutagenic activity 317:360 Three low-molecular-weight-samples were prepared, and their antioxidant and antimutagenic activity were investigated. 27312633 6 25 theme superoxide 735:744 arg1 radicals 746:753 hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 722:753 radicals 746:753 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 7 26 theme antimutagenic 875:887 arg1 activity 889:896 excellent antimutagenic activity 865:896 excellent antimutagenic activity 865:896 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 0 27 theme antimutagenic 33:45 arg1 activity 47:54 antimutagenic activity 33:54 antimutagenic activity 33:54 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 4 28 theme sugars 496:501 arg1 content 503:509 Total sugars content 490:509 Total sugars content of three degraded samples 490:535 Total sugars content of three degraded samples were significantly higher than raw sample. 27312633 6 29 theme hydroxyl 722:729 arg1 radicals 746:753 hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 722:753 radicals 746:753 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 5 30 from content 596:602 arg1 LP3 627:629 the degraded sample LP3 607:629 the degraded sample LP3 607:629 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 9 31 theme potential 1068:1076 arg1 candidate 1078:1086 a potential candidate 1066:1086 a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen 1066:1113 The present results indicated this mucilage could be a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen. 27312633 9 31 theme potential 1068:1076 arg1 mucilage 1048:1055 this mucilage 1043:1055 this mucilage 1043:1055 The present results indicated this mucilage could be a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen. 27312633 7 32 from activity 889:896 arg1 roots 943:947 garlic roots 936:947 garlic roots 936:947 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 1 33 theme mucilage 116:123 arg1 polysaccharide 125:138 The mucilage polysaccharide 112:138 The mucilage polysaccharide 112:138 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 6 34 from effect 712:717 arg1 radicals 746:753 hydroxyl and superoxide radicals 722:753 radicals 746:753 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 6 35 theme molecular 808:816 arg1 weight 818:823 its lower molecular weight 798:823 its lower molecular weight 798:823 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 9 36 theme antimutagen 1103:1113 arg1 candidate 1078:1086 a potential candidate 1066:1086 a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen 1066:1113 The present results indicated this mucilage could be a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen. 27312633 9 36 theme antimutagen 1103:1113 arg1 mucilage 1048:1055 this mucilage 1043:1055 this mucilage 1043:1055 The present results indicated this mucilage could be a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen. 27312633 5 37 theme degraded 611:618 arg1 LP3 627:629 the degraded sample LP3 607:629 the degraded sample LP3 607:629 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 9 38 theme natural 1095:1101 arg1 antimutagen 1103:1113 the natural antimutagen 1091:1113 the natural antimutagen 1091:1113 The present results indicated this mucilage could be a potential candidate of the natural antimutagen. 27312633 1 39 theme hydrogen 226:233 arg1 peroxide 235:242 hydrogen peroxide 226:242 hydrogen peroxide 226:242 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 1 39 theme hydrogen 226:233 arg1 reagents 217:224 two reagents 213:224 two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid 213:260 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 6 40 theme lower 802:806 arg1 weight 818:823 its lower molecular weight 798:823 its lower molecular weight 798:823 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 0 41 from opposita 102:109 arg1 antioxidant 17:27 antioxidant 17:27 antioxidant 17:27 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 0 41 from opposita 102:109 arg1 activity 47:54 antimutagenic activity 33:54 antimutagenic activity 33:54 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 0 41 from opposita 102:109 arg1 degradation 4:14 degradation 4:14 degradation 4:14 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 1 42 dep reagents 217:224 arg1 peroxide 235:242 hydrogen peroxide 226:242 hydrogen peroxide 226:242 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 1 42 dep reagents 217:224 arg1 acid 257:260 ascorbic acid 248:260 ascorbic acid 248:260 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 1 42 dep reagents 217:224 arg1 reagents 217:224 two reagents 213:224 two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid 213:260 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 7 43 theme higher 902:907 arg1 peroxidation 920:931 higher anti-lipid peroxidation 902:931 higher anti-lipid peroxidation 902:931 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 6 44 theme scavenging 701:710 arg1 effect 712:717 the higher scavenging effect 690:717 the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples 690:785 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 7 45 theme anti-lipid 909:918 arg1 peroxidation 920:931 higher anti-lipid peroxidation 902:931 higher anti-lipid peroxidation 902:931 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 0 46 theme mucilage 63:70 arg1 polysaccharide 72:85 the mucilage polysaccharide 59:85 the mucilage polysaccharide 59:85 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 0 47 dep degradation 4:14 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The degradation, antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of the mucilage polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita. 27312633 7 48 dep activity 889:896 arg1 the 861:863 the 861:863 the 861:863 LP3 processed the excellent antimutagenic activity and higher anti-lipid peroxidation in garlic roots. 27312633 6 49 theme higher 694:699 arg1 effect 712:717 the higher scavenging effect 690:717 the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples 690:785 LP3 processed the higher scavenging effect on hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than other two degraded samples because of its lower molecular weight and more uronic acid. 27312633 5 50 theme uronic 584:589 arg1 higher 649:654 higher 649:654 higher 649:654 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 5 50 theme uronic 584:589 arg1 content 596:602 The uronic acid content 580:602 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 580:629 The uronic acid content in the degraded sample LP3 was significantly higher than other samples. 27312633 1 51 theme Dioscorea 159:167 arg1 opposita 169:176 Dioscorea opposita 159:176 Dioscorea opposita in cold water 159:190 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 1 52 theme ascorbic 248:255 arg1 acid 257:260 ascorbic acid 248:260 ascorbic acid 248:260 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 27312633 1 52 theme ascorbic 248:255 arg1 reagents 217:224 two reagents 213:224 two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid 213:260 The mucilage polysaccharide was extracted from Dioscorea opposita in cold water and then degraded in two reagents hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 29120804 8 0 theme much 1159:1162 arg1 promise 1164:1170 much promise 1159:1170 much promise 1159:1170 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 6 1 theme higher 869:874 arg1 rates 895:899 higher juice substitution rates 869:899 higher juice substitution rates 869:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 5 2 theme earlier 663:669 arg1 points 684:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 1 3 theme increased 248:256 arg1 levels 264:269 increased sugar levels 248:269 increased sugar levels 248:269 A changing climate has led to winegrapes being harvested with increased sugar levels and at greater risk of berry shrivel. 29120804 0 4 theme alcohol 79:85 arg1 wines 87:91 lower alcohol wines 73:91 lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 73:122 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 7 5 theme extraction 980:989 arg1 dynamics 991:998 extraction dynamics 980:998 extraction dynamics 980:998 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 6 6 theme alcohol 845:851 arg1 content 853:859 modified alcohol content 836:859 modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates 836:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 1 7 theme sugar 258:262 arg1 levels 264:269 increased sugar levels 248:269 increased sugar levels 248:269 A changing climate has led to winegrapes being harvested with increased sugar levels and at greater risk of berry shrivel. 29120804 0 8 theme Cabernet 98:105 arg1 grapes 117:122 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 98:122 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 98:122 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 3 9 dep vinifera 546:553 arg1 L. 555:556 L. 555:556 L. 555:556 Our study investigates the effects of this approach on Vitis vinifera L. cv. 29120804 3 10 theme approach 528:535 arg1 effects 512:518 the effects 508:518 the effects of this approach on Vitis vinifera L. cv 508:559 Our study investigates the effects of this approach on Vitis vinifera L. cv. 29120804 2 11 dep strategy 335:342 arg1 manage 347:352 manage 347:352 to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels 344:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 4 12 theme wine 581:584 arg1 quality 586:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality 562:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality 562:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality attributes. 29120804 5 13 theme consecutive 651:661 arg1 points 684:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 8 14 theme water 1132:1136 arg1 incorporation 1115:1127 the incorporation 1111:1127 the incorporation of water in particular 1111:1150 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 4 15 theme Sauvignon 571:579 arg1 quality 586:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality 562:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality 562:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality attributes. 29120804 6 16 from rates 895:899 arg1 content 853:859 modified alcohol content 836:859 modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates 836:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 6 17 theme substitution 882:893 arg1 rates 895:899 higher juice substitution rates 869:899 higher juice substitution rates 869:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 8 18 theme berry 1082:1086 arg1 shrivel 1088:1094 berry shrivel 1082:1094 berry shrivel 1082:1094 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 3 19 from effects 512:518 arg1 vinifera 546:553 Vitis vinifera L. cv 540:559 Vitis vinifera L. cv 540:559 Our study investigates the effects of this approach on Vitis vinifera L. cv. 29120804 8 20 theme wine 1204:1207 arg1 content 1217:1223 wine alcohol content 1204:1223 wine alcohol content 1204:1223 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 0 21 theme Sauvignon 107:115 arg1 grapes 117:122 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 98:122 Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 98:122 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 6 22 theme juice 876:880 arg1 rates 895:899 higher juice substitution rates 869:899 higher juice substitution rates 869:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 4 23 theme Cabernet 562:569 arg1 quality 586:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality 562:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality 562:592 Cabernet Sauvignon wine quality attributes. 29120804 8 24 theme strategy 1185:1192 arg1 part 1175:1178 part 1175:1178 part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content 1175:1223 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 2 25 with substitution 420:431 arg1 water 478:482 water 478:482 water 478:482 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 25 with substitution 420:431 arg1 " 473:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 5 26 theme substituted 737:747 arg1 wines 749:753 the substituted wines 733:753 the substituted wines 733:753 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 2 27 theme alcohol 381:387 arg1 levels 389:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 6 28 theme modified 836:843 arg1 content 853:859 modified alcohol content 836:859 modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates 836:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 1 29 theme changing 188:195 arg1 climate 197:203 A changing climate 186:203 A changing climate 186:203 A changing climate has led to winegrapes being harvested with increased sugar levels and at greater risk of berry shrivel. 29120804 0 30 theme harvests 26:33 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments 0:60 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 1 31 theme greater 278:284 arg1 risk 286:289 greater risk 278:289 greater risk of berry shrivel 278:306 A changing climate has led to winegrapes being harvested with increased sugar levels and at greater risk of berry shrivel. 29120804 7 32 theme tannin 936:941 arg1 composition 943:953 tannin composition 936:953 tannin composition 936:953 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 3 33 theme Vitis 540:544 arg1 vinifera 546:553 Vitis vinifera L. cv 540:559 Vitis vinifera L. cv 540:559 Our study investigates the effects of this approach on Vitis vinifera L. cv. 29120804 6 34 with wines 825:829 arg1 content 853:859 modified alcohol content 836:859 modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates 836:899 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 0 35 theme consecutive 14:24 arg1 harvests 26:33 consecutive harvests 14:33 consecutive harvests 14:33 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 0 36 dep produce 65:71 arg1 Impact 125:130 Impact 125:130 Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition 125:183 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 7 37 from variability 965:975 arg1 dynamics 991:998 extraction dynamics 980:998 extraction dynamics 980:998 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 0 38 theme blending 42:49 arg1 treatments 51:60 blending treatments 42:60 blending treatments 42:60 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 0 39 theme polysaccharide 135:148 arg1 content 161:167 polysaccharide and tannin content 135:167 content 161:167 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 2 40 theme wine 376:379 arg1 levels 389:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 41 theme pre-fermentative 403:418 arg1 strategy 335:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy 309:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels 309:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 41 theme pre-fermentative 403:418 arg1 substitution 420:431 the pre-fermentative substitution 399:431 the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water 399:482 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 42 theme wine 469:472 arg1 " 473:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 1 43 theme berry 294:298 arg1 shrivel 300:306 berry shrivel 294:306 berry shrivel 294:306 A changing climate has led to winegrapes being harvested with increased sugar levels and at greater risk of berry shrivel. 29120804 5 44 theme comparable 708:717 arg1 wines 702:706 wines 702:706 wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines 702:753 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 8 45 theme alcohol 1209:1215 arg1 content 1217:1223 wine alcohol content 1204:1223 wine alcohol content 1204:1223 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 6 46 theme Tannin 756:761 arg1 concentrations 763:776 Tannin concentrations 756:776 Tannin concentrations 756:776 Tannin concentrations and colour did not change significantly in the wines with modified alcohol content even at higher juice substitution rates. 29120804 2 47 theme harvest 461:467 arg1 " 473:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 1 48 theme shrivel 300:306 arg1 risk 286:289 greater risk 278:289 greater risk of berry shrivel 278:306 A changing climate has led to winegrapes being harvested with increased sugar levels and at greater risk of berry shrivel. 29120804 0 49 theme tannin 154:159 arg1 content 161:167 polysaccharide and tannin content 135:167 content 161:167 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 5 50 from alcohol 722:728 arg1 comparable 708:717 comparable 708:717 comparable 708:717 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 7 51 theme component 1052:1060 arg1 type 1035:1038 type 1035:1038 type 1035:1038 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 7 51 theme component 1052:1060 arg1 rate 1026:1029 substitution rate 1013:1029 substitution rate 1013:1029 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 0 52 theme treatments 51:60 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments 0:60 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 5 53 theme harvest 671:677 arg1 points 684:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 0 54 from grapes 117:122 arg1 wines 87:91 lower alcohol wines 73:91 lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 73:122 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 5 55 theme time 679:682 arg1 points 684:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 consecutive earlier harvest time points 651:689 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 2 56 theme easy-to-adopt 321:333 arg1 strategy 335:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy 309:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels 309:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 56 theme easy-to-adopt 321:333 arg1 substitution 420:431 the pre-fermentative substitution 399:431 the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water 399:482 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 7 57 from Differences 902:912 arg1 composition 943:953 tannin composition 936:953 tannin composition 936:953 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 7 57 from Differences 902:912 arg1 polysaccharide 917:930 polysaccharide 917:930 polysaccharide 917:930 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 8 58 from incorporation 1115:1127 arg1 particular 1141:1150 particular 1141:1150 particular 1141:1150 In scenarios where berry shrivel is inevitable, the incorporation of water in particular offers much promise as part of a strategy to manage wine alcohol content. 29120804 5 59 from comparable 708:717 arg1 alcohol 722:728 alcohol 722:728 alcohol to the substituted wines 722:753 Wines were also made from fruit collected at consecutive earlier harvest time points to produce wines comparable in alcohol to the substituted wines. 29120804 7 60 theme blending 1043:1050 arg1 component 1052:1060 blending component 1043:1060 blending component 1043:1060 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 7 61 theme substitution 1013:1024 arg1 rate 1026:1029 substitution rate 1013:1029 substitution rate 1013:1029 Differences in polysaccharide and tannin composition indicated variability in extraction dynamics according to substitution rate and type of blending component. 29120804 2 62 theme suggested 311:319 arg1 strategy 335:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy 309:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels 309:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 62 theme suggested 311:319 arg1 substitution 420:431 the pre-fermentative substitution 399:431 the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water 399:482 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 63 theme green 455:459 arg1 " 473:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 "green harvest wine" 454:473 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 0 64 theme lower 73:77 arg1 wines 87:91 lower alcohol wines 73:91 lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes 73:122 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 2 65 theme rising 369:374 arg1 levels 389:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 0 66 from Impact 125:130 arg1 composition 173:183 composition 173:183 composition 173:183 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 0 66 from Impact 125:130 arg1 content 161:167 polysaccharide and tannin content 135:167 content 161:167 Comparison of consecutive harvests versus blending treatments to produce lower alcohol wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes: Impact on polysaccharide and tannin content and composition. 29120804 2 67 theme juice 436:440 arg1 strategy 335:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy 309:342 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels 309:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 67 theme juice 436:440 arg1 substitution 420:431 the pre-fermentative substitution 399:431 the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water 399:482 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 29120804 2 68 theme associated 358:367 arg1 levels 389:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 the associated rising wine alcohol levels 354:394 A suggested easy-to-adopt strategy to manage the associated rising wine alcohol levels is the pre-fermentative substitution of juice with either "green harvest wine" or water. 25885471 0 0 theme capillary 97:105 arg1 electrophoresis 112:126 capillary zone electrophoresis 97:126 capillary zone electrophoresis 97:126 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 3 1 theme tetraborate 546:556 arg1 buffer 558:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer 533:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1) 533:573 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 3 1 theme tetraborate 546:556 arg1 pH 566:567 pH 10.1 566:572 pH 10.1 566:572 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 7 2 theme Asparagi 1102:1109 arg1 control 1085:1091 quality control 1077:1091 quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1077:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 2 3 theme acid 374:377 arg1 solution 379:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 4 from 100°C 350:354 arg1 solution 379:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 1 5 theme monosaccharide 268:281 arg1 composition 283:293 its monosaccharide composition 264:293 its monosaccharide composition 264:293 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 7 6 theme Asparagi 1170:1177 arg1 polysaccharide 1179:1192 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1164:1192 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1164:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 1 7 from hydrolysis 183:192 arg1 Asparagi 227:234 Asparagi 227:234 Asparagi 227:234 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 0 8 theme zone 107:110 arg1 electrophoresis 112:126 capillary zone electrophoresis 97:126 capillary zone electrophoresis 97:126 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 7 9 theme in-depth 1119:1126 arg1 study 1128:1132 in-depth study 1119:1132 in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1119:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 3 10 theme 40 533:534 arg1 mM 536:537 mM 536:537 mM 536:537 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 2 11 theme sulfuric 365:372 arg1 solution 379:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 12 theme hydrolysis 306:315 arg1 conditions 317:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 12 theme hydrolysis 306:315 arg1 temperature 335:345 a temperature 333:345 a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h 333:394 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 5 13 theme glucuronic 857:866 arg1 acid 868:871 glucuronic acid 857:871 glucuronic acid 857:871 Moreover, xylose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid have not been previously reported in Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 7 14 theme Radix 1164:1168 arg1 polysaccharide 1179:1192 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1164:1192 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1164:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 7 15 theme quality 1077:1083 arg1 control 1085:1091 quality control 1077:1091 quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1077:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 2 16 from solution 379:386 arg1 conditions 317:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 16 from solution 379:386 arg1 temperature 335:345 a temperature 333:345 a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h 333:394 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 17 theme Optimized 296:304 arg1 conditions 317:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 17 theme Optimized 296:304 arg1 temperature 335:345 a temperature 333:345 a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h 333:394 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 3 18 theme mM 536:537 arg1 buffer 558:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer 533:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1) 533:573 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 3 18 theme mM 536:537 arg1 pH 566:567 pH 10.1 566:572 pH 10.1 566:572 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 7 19 theme biological 1141:1150 arg1 activity 1152:1159 the biological activity 1137:1159 the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1137:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 2 20 theme 100°C 350:354 arg1 conditions 317:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions 296:326 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 2 20 theme 100°C 350:354 arg1 temperature 335:345 a temperature 333:345 a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h 333:394 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 1 21 theme polysaccharide 201:214 arg1 hydrolysis 183:192 the hydrolysis 179:192 the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi 179:234 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 3 22 theme resulting 401:409 arg1 monosaccharides 411:425 The resulting monosaccharides 397:425 The resulting monosaccharides 397:425 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 5 23 theme Asparagi 939:946 arg1 polysaccharide 948:961 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 933:961 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 933:961 Moreover, xylose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid have not been previously reported in Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 4 24 from Asparagi 678:685 arg1 polysaccharide 652:665 the polysaccharide 648:665 the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi 648:685 Results indicate that the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi is composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid, which differs from published findings. 25885471 4 25 theme glucuronic 760:769 arg1 acid 771:774 glucuronic acid 760:774 glucuronic acid 760:774 Results indicate that the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi is composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid, which differs from published findings. 25885471 4 25 theme glucuronic 760:769 arg1 xylose 702:707 xylose 702:707 xylose 702:707 Results indicate that the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi is composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid, which differs from published findings. 25885471 3 26 theme zone 509:512 arg1 electrophoresis 514:528 capillary zone electrophoresis 499:528 capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1) 499:573 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 4 27 theme galacturonic 781:792 arg1 acid 794:797 galacturonic acid 781:797 galacturonic acid 781:797 Results indicate that the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi is composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid, which differs from published findings. 25885471 4 27 theme galacturonic 781:792 arg1 xylose 702:707 xylose 702:707 xylose 702:707 Results indicate that the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi is composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid, which differs from published findings. 25885471 0 28 theme Radix 37:41 arg1 composition 82:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 3 29 theme sodium 539:544 arg1 buffer 558:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer 533:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1) 533:573 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 3 29 theme sodium 539:544 arg1 pH 566:567 pH 10.1 566:572 pH 10.1 566:572 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 7 30 theme activity 1152:1159 arg1 study 1128:1132 in-depth study 1119:1132 in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1119:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 4 31 theme published 819:827 arg1 findings 829:836 published findings 819:836 published findings 819:836 Results indicate that the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi is composed of xylose, arabinose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid, which differs from published findings. 25885471 3 32 theme capillary 499:507 arg1 electrophoresis 514:528 capillary zone electrophoresis 499:528 capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1) 499:573 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 0 33 theme polysaccharide 52:65 arg1 composition 82:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 1 34 theme orthogonal 135:144 arg1 design 146:151 orthogonal design 135:151 orthogonal design 135:151 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 0 35 theme Asparagi 43:50 arg1 composition 82:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 2 36 theme M 363:363 arg1 solution 379:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 3 37 theme ultraviolet 592:602 arg1 absorption 604:613 ultraviolet absorption 592:613 ultraviolet absorption 592:613 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 5 38 theme Radix 933:937 arg1 polysaccharide 948:961 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 933:961 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 933:961 Moreover, xylose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid have not been previously reported in Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 1 39 from Asparagi 227:234 arg1 polysaccharide 201:214 the polysaccharide 197:214 the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi 197:234 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 1 39 from Asparagi 227:234 arg1 hydrolysis 183:192 the hydrolysis 179:192 the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi 179:234 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 2 40 theme 1.5 359:361 arg1 M 363:363 M 363:363 M 363:363 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 6 41 theme efficient 1013:1021 arg1 separation 1023:1032 a highly efficient separation 1004:1032 a highly efficient separation 1004:1032 This method is simple, fast, and yields a highly efficient separation. 25885471 3 42 from electrophoresis 514:528 arg1 buffer 558:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer 533:563 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1) 533:573 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 3 42 from electrophoresis 514:528 arg1 pH 566:567 pH 10.1 566:572 pH 10.1 566:572 The resulting monosaccharides were derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis in 40 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 10.1), and detected by ultraviolet absorption at 245 nm. 25885471 6 43 dep simple 979:984 arg1 fast 987:990 fast 987:990 fast 987:990 This method is simple, fast, and yields a highly efficient separation. 25885471 1 44 theme optimized 154:162 arg1 conditions 164:173 optimized conditions 154:173 optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi 154:234 Using orthogonal design, optimized conditions for the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide from Radix Asparagi were determined, as well as its monosaccharide composition. 25885471 0 45 theme composition 82:92 arg1 analysis 25:32 analysis 25:32 analysis 25:32 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 0 45 theme composition 82:92 arg1 hydrolysis 10:19 hydrolysis 10:19 hydrolysis 10:19 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 5 46 theme galacturonic 878:889 arg1 acid 891:894 galacturonic acid 878:894 galacturonic acid 878:894 Moreover, xylose, glucuronic acid, and galacturonic acid have not been previously reported in Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 25885471 0 47 theme monosaccharide 67:80 arg1 composition 82:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition 37:92 Optimized hydrolysis and analysis of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide monosaccharide composition by capillary zone electrophoresis. 25885471 2 48 from temperature 335:345 arg1 solution 379:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution 359:386 Optimized hydrolysis conditions were a temperature of 100°C in 1.5 M sulfuric acid solution for 5 h. 25885471 7 49 theme polysaccharide 1179:1192 arg1 activity 1152:1159 the biological activity 1137:1159 the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide 1137:1192 As well, these findings can be applied to quality control of Radix Asparagi and for in-depth study of the biological activity of Radix Asparagi polysaccharide. 27566209 12 0 theme C3 2037:2038 arg1 components 2048:2057 the C1q, C3, and C9 components 2028:2057 the C1q, C3, and C9 components 2028:2057 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 9 1 link 1,3,5-linked 1403:1414 arg1 α-d-Arap 1416:1423 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap 1403:1423 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap 1403:1423 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 10 2 theme 1,4,6-linked 1697:1708 arg1 α-d-Galp 1710:1717 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp 1697:1717 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp 1697:1717 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 1 3 theme inflammation-related 273:292 arg1 diseases 294:301 various inflammation-related diseases 265:301 various inflammation-related diseases 265:301 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 10 4 theme main 1557:1560 arg1 linkages 1562:1569 The main linkages 1553:1569 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 1553:1606 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 3 5 theme size-exclusion 590:603 arg1 chromatography 605:618 DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography 571:618 chromatography 605:618 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 5 6 theme classical 980:988 arg1 pathway 990:996 the classical pathway 976:996 the classical pathway (CH50 value) 976:1009 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 6 theme classical 980:988 arg1 value 1004:1008 CH50 value 999:1008 CH50 value 999:1008 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 12 7 theme component-depleted 1976:1993 arg1 sera 1995:1998 complement component-depleted sera 1965:1998 complement component-depleted sera 1965:1998 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 13 8 theme excessive 2246:2254 arg1 activation 2256:2265 the excessive activation 2242:2265 the excessive activation of the complement system 2242:2290 CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 could be valuable for the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system. 27566209 10 9 theme sugar 1583:1587 arg1 PW-PS2 1601:1606 PW-PS2 1601:1606 PW-PS2 1601:1606 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 10 9 theme sugar 1583:1587 arg1 residues 1589:1596 the sugar residues 1579:1596 the sugar residues of PW-PS2 1579:1606 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 11 10 theme alternative 1801:1811 arg1 pathways 1813:1820 both the classical and alternative pathways 1778:1820 pathways 1813:1820 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 2 11 from herb 395:398 arg1 polysaccharides 369:383 homogenous polysaccharides 358:383 homogenous polysaccharides from this herb 358:398 The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogenous polysaccharides from this herb and to evaluate their anticomplement activity. 27566209 11 12 theme classical 1787:1795 arg1 pathways 1813:1820 both the classical and alternative pathways 1778:1820 pathways 1813:1820 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 0 13 theme activities 127:136 arg1 spikes 74:79 the spikes 70:79 the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities 70:136 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 2 14 theme study 320:324 arg1 aim 308:310 The aim 304:310 The aim of this study 304:324 The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogenous polysaccharides from this herb and to evaluate their anticomplement activity. 27566209 5 15 theme inhibition 943:952 arg1 concentration 954:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 15 theme inhibition 943:952 arg1 activity 866:873 The anticomplement activity 847:873 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides 847:896 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 12 16 theme mechanism 1941:1949 arg1 studies 1951:1957 Preliminary mechanism studies 1929:1957 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera 1929:1998 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 6 17 theme preliminary 1053:1063 arg1 mechanism 1065:1073 The preliminary mechanism 1049:1073 The preliminary mechanism for the complement activation cascade 1049:1111 The preliminary mechanism for the complement activation cascade was also assessed. 27566209 11 18 theme AP50 1880:1883 arg1 values 1885:1890 AP50 values 1880:1890 AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL 1880:1912 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 7 19 theme branched 1168:1175 arg1 polysaccharides 1184:1198 both branched acidic polysaccharides 1163:1198 both branched acidic polysaccharides 1163:1198 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 were both branched acidic polysaccharides. 27566209 1 20 theme traditional 227:237 arg1 RELEVANCE 160:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 139:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris 139:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 1 20 theme traditional 227:237 arg1 medicine 247:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 9 21 theme residues 1314:1321 arg1 linkages 1292:1299 The main linkages 1283:1299 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 1283:1331 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 13 22 theme diseases 2217:2224 arg1 treatment 2204:2212 the treatment 2200:2212 the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system 2200:2290 CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 could be valuable for the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system. 27566209 4 23 theme other 813:817 arg1 characterizations 828:844 other chemical characterizations 813:844 other chemical characterizations 813:844 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 9 24 theme PW-PS1 1326:1331 arg1 PW-PS1 1326:1331 PW-PS1 1326:1331 PW-PS1 1326:1331 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 9 24 theme PW-PS1 1326:1331 arg1 residues 1314:1321 the sugar residues 1304:1321 the sugar residues of PW-PS1 1304:1331 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 5 25 theme AP50 1036:1039 arg1 pathway 1027:1033 alternative pathway 1015:1033 alternative pathway (AP50 value) 1015:1046 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 25 theme AP50 1036:1039 arg1 value 1041:1045 AP50 value 1036:1045 AP50 value 1036:1045 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 4 26 theme polysaccharides 766:780 arg1 homogeneity 685:695 The homogeneity 681:695 The homogeneity 681:695 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 4 26 theme polysaccharides 766:780 arg1 weight 708:713 molecular weight 698:713 molecular weight 698:713 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 4 26 theme polysaccharides 766:780 arg1 composition 731:741 monosaccharide composition 716:741 monosaccharide composition 716:741 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 4 26 theme polysaccharides 766:780 arg1 linkage 747:753 linkage 747:753 linkage 747:753 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 11 27 theme 0.40 1895:1898 arg1 values 1885:1890 AP50 values 1880:1890 AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL 1880:1912 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 11 27 theme 0.40 1895:1898 arg1 values 1832:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 9 28 theme terminal 1342:1349 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1351:1358 terminal β-d-Xylp 1342:1358 terminal β-d-Xylp 1342:1358 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 1 29 theme spikes 174:179 arg1 RELEVANCE 160:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 139:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris 139:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 1 29 theme spikes 174:179 arg1 medicine 247:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 1 30 theme Prunella 184:191 arg1 vulgaris 193:200 Prunella vulgaris 184:200 Prunella vulgaris 184:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 0 31 theme vulgaris 93:100 arg1 spikes 74:79 the spikes 70:79 the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities 70:136 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 9 32 link 1,3-linked 1382:1391 arg1 α-d-Arap 1393:1400 1,3-linked α-d-Arap 1382:1400 1,3-linked α-d-Arap 1382:1400 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 6 33 theme complement 1083:1092 arg1 cascade 1105:1111 the complement activation cascade 1079:1111 the complement activation cascade 1079:1111 The preliminary mechanism for the complement activation cascade was also assessed. 27566209 2 34 theme anticomplement 422:435 arg1 activity 437:444 their anticomplement activity 416:444 their anticomplement activity 416:444 The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogenous polysaccharides from this herb and to evaluate their anticomplement activity. 27566209 9 35 theme 1,3-linked 1382:1391 arg1 α-d-Arap 1393:1400 1,3-linked α-d-Arap 1382:1400 1,3-linked α-d-Arap 1382:1400 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 0 36 theme polysaccharides 40:54 arg1 characterization 10:25 Structure characterization 0:25 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 0:137 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 9 37 theme 3.4 1548:1550 arg1 ratio 1519:1523 a ratio 1517:1523 a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4 1517:1550 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 11 38 theme 0.28 1842:1845 arg1 values 1885:1890 AP50 values 1880:1890 AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL 1880:1912 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 11 38 theme 0.28 1842:1845 arg1 values 1832:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 7 39 dep RESULTS 1132:1138 arg1 PW-PS2 1151:1156 PW-PS2 1151:1156 PW-PS2 1151:1156 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 were both branched acidic polysaccharides. 27566209 7 39 dep RESULTS 1132:1138 arg1 PW-PS1 1140:1145 PW-PS1 1140:1145 PW-PS1 1140:1145 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 were both branched acidic polysaccharides. 27566209 7 39 dep RESULTS 1132:1138 arg1 RESULTS 1132:1138 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 1132:1156 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 1132:1156 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 were both branched acidic polysaccharides. 27566209 3 40 theme METHODS 461:467 arg1 fractionation 500:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation 447:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris 447:552 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 0 41 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 characterization 10:25 Structure characterization 0:25 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 0:137 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 3 42 theme hot 521:523 arg1 extract 531:537 the hot water extract 517:537 the hot water extract 517:537 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 5 43 theme % 931:931 arg1 concentration 954:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 43 theme % 931:931 arg1 activity 866:873 The anticomplement activity 847:873 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides 847:896 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 8 44 from A 1252:1252 arg1 ratio 1259:1263 a ratio 1257:1263 a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8 1257:1280 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 3 45 theme MATERIALS 447:455 arg1 fractionation 500:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation 447:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris 447:552 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 9 46 dep β-d-Xylp 1351:1358 arg1 composed 1472:1479 composed 1472:1479 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4 1468:1550 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 11 47 theme 0.35mg/mL 1904:1912 arg1 values 1885:1890 AP50 values 1880:1890 AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL 1880:1912 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 11 47 theme 0.35mg/mL 1904:1912 arg1 values 1832:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 10 48 theme 1,3-linked 1653:1662 arg1 α-d-Rhap 1664:1671 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap 1653:1671 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap 1653:1671 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 0 49 theme novel 34:38 arg1 polysaccharides 40:54 two novel polysaccharides 30:54 two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities 30:136 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 12 50 dep C1q 2088:2090 arg1 the 2084:2086 the 2084:2086 the 2084:2086 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 9 51 from A 1512:1512 arg1 ratio 1519:1523 a ratio 1517:1523 a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4 1517:1550 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 10 52 link 1,4-linked 1632:1641 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1643:1650 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1632:1650 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1632:1650 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 11 53 theme 0.13mg/mL 1851:1859 arg1 values 1885:1890 AP50 values 1880:1890 AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL 1880:1912 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 11 53 theme 0.13mg/mL 1851:1859 arg1 values 1832:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 12 54 dep C1q 2032:2034 arg1 the 2028:2030 the 2028:2030 the 2028:2030 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 3 55 theme extract 531:537 arg1 fractionation 500:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation 447:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris 447:552 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 1 56 theme Chinese 239:245 arg1 RELEVANCE 160:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 139:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris 139:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 1 56 theme Chinese 239:245 arg1 medicine 247:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 12 57 theme C9 2109:2110 arg1 components 2112:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 13 58 theme complement 2274:2283 arg1 system 2285:2290 the complement system 2270:2290 the complement system 2270:2290 CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 could be valuable for the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system. 27566209 13 59 theme CONCLUSION 2124:2133 arg1 study 2139:2143 CONCLUSION Our study 2124:2143 CONCLUSION Our study 2124:2143 CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 could be valuable for the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system. 27566209 9 60 from Xyl 1494:1496 arg1 ratio 1519:1523 a ratio 1517:1523 a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4 1517:1550 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 1 61 theme various 265:271 arg1 diseases 294:301 various inflammation-related diseases 265:301 various inflammation-related diseases 265:301 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 8 62 theme 4-methoxy-Glc 1238:1250 arg1 A 1252:1252 4-methoxy-Glc A 1238:1252 4-methoxy-Glc A 1238:1252 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 10 63 link 1,4,6-linked 1697:1708 arg1 α-d-Galp 1710:1717 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp 1697:1717 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp 1697:1717 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 12 64 theme complement 1965:1974 arg1 sera 1995:1998 complement component-depleted sera 1965:1998 complement component-depleted sera 1965:1998 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 12 65 theme C2 2093:2094 arg1 components 2112:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 3 66 theme homogeneous 634:644 arg1 PW-PS2 673:678 PW-PS2 673:678 PW-PS2 673:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 3 66 theme homogeneous 634:644 arg1 PW-PS1 662:667 PW-PS1 662:667 PW-PS1 662:667 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 3 66 theme homogeneous 634:644 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 630:678 two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 630:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 13 67 theme system 2285:2290 arg1 activation 2256:2265 the excessive activation 2242:2265 the excessive activation of the complement system 2242:2290 CONCLUSION Our study suggested that PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 could be valuable for the treatment of diseases associated with the excessive activation of the complement system. 27566209 8 68 theme 1.0 1268:1270 arg1 ratio 1259:1263 a ratio 1257:1263 a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8 1257:1280 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 0 69 attach isolated 56:63 arg2 polysaccharides 40:54 two novel polysaccharides 30:54 two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities 30:136 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 0 69 attach isolated 56:63 arg1 spikes 74:79 the spikes 70:79 the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities 70:136 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 12 70 theme C3 2097:2098 arg1 components 2112:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 7 71 theme acidic 1177:1182 arg1 polysaccharides 1184:1198 both branched acidic polysaccharides 1163:1198 both branched acidic polysaccharides 1163:1198 RESULTS PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 were both branched acidic polysaccharides. 27566209 9 72 theme main 1287:1290 arg1 linkages 1292:1299 The main linkages 1283:1299 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 1283:1331 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 5 73 theme hemolytic 933:941 arg1 concentration 954:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 73 theme hemolytic 933:941 arg1 activity 866:873 The anticomplement activity 847:873 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides 847:896 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 3 74 dep polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 PW-PS2 673:678 PW-PS2 673:678 PW-PS2 673:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 3 74 dep polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 PW-PS1 662:667 PW-PS1 662:667 PW-PS1 662:667 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 3 74 dep polysaccharides 646:660 arg1 polysaccharides 646:660 two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 630:678 two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 630:678 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 10 75 theme terminal 1617:1624 arg1 Araf 1626:1629 terminal Araf 1617:1629 terminal Araf 1617:1629 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 2 76 theme homogenous 358:367 arg1 polysaccharides 369:383 homogenous polysaccharides 358:383 homogenous polysaccharides from this herb 358:398 The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize homogenous polysaccharides from this herb and to evaluate their anticomplement activity. 27566209 12 77 theme Preliminary 1929:1939 arg1 studies 1951:1957 Preliminary mechanism studies 1929:1957 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera 1929:1998 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 4 78 theme monosaccharide 716:729 arg1 composition 731:741 monosaccharide composition 716:741 monosaccharide composition 716:741 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 10 79 theme PW-PS2 1601:1606 arg1 PW-PS2 1601:1606 PW-PS2 1601:1606 PW-PS2 1601:1606 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 10 79 theme PW-PS2 1601:1606 arg1 residues 1589:1596 the sugar residues 1579:1596 the sugar residues of PW-PS2 1579:1606 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 9 80 theme sugar 1308:1312 arg1 PW-PS1 1326:1331 PW-PS1 1326:1331 PW-PS1 1326:1331 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 9 80 theme sugar 1308:1312 arg1 residues 1314:1321 the sugar residues 1304:1321 the sugar residues of PW-PS1 1304:1331 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 5 81 theme alternative 1015:1025 arg1 pathway 1027:1033 alternative pathway 1015:1033 alternative pathway (AP50 value) 1015:1046 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 81 theme alternative 1015:1025 arg1 value 1041:1045 AP50 value 1036:1045 AP50 value 1036:1045 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 11 82 dep pathways 1813:1820 arg1 both 1778:1781 both 1778:1781 both 1778:1781 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 1 83 used used 217:220 arg2 RELEVANCE 160:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 139:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris 139:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 1 83 used used 217:220 arg2 medicine 247:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 11 84 theme CH50 1827:1830 arg1 values 1832:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 CH50 values 1827:1837 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 1 85 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 139:158 arg1 RELEVANCE 160:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE 139:168 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris 139:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 1 85 theme ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL 139:158 arg1 medicine 247:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 a traditional Chinese medicine 225:254 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 11 86 theme complement 1748:1757 arg1 activation 1759:1768 complement activation 1748:1768 complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways 1748:1820 PW-PS1 and PW-PS2 inhibited complement activation through both the classical and alternative pathways with CH50 values of 0.28 and 0.13mg/mL, respectively, and AP50 values of 0.40 and 0.35mg/mL, respectively. 27566209 5 87 theme anticomplement 851:864 arg1 concentration 954:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 87 theme anticomplement 851:864 arg1 activity 866:873 The anticomplement activity 847:873 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides 847:896 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 88 theme CH50 999:1002 arg1 pathway 990:996 the classical pathway 976:996 the classical pathway (CH50 value) 976:1009 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 88 theme CH50 999:1002 arg1 value 1004:1008 CH50 value 999:1008 CH50 value 999:1008 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 8 89 from Ara 1224:1226 arg1 ratio 1259:1263 a ratio 1257:1263 a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8 1257:1280 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 0 90 theme Prunella 84:91 arg1 vulgaris 93:100 Prunella vulgaris 84:100 Prunella vulgaris 84:100 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 8 91 from Xyl 1229:1231 arg1 ratio 1259:1263 a ratio 1257:1263 a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8 1257:1280 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 8 92 dep ratio 1259:1263 arg1 2.6 1273:1275 2.6 1273:1275 2.6 1273:1275 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 8 92 dep ratio 1259:1263 arg1 0.8 1278:1280 0.8 1278:1280 0.8 1278:1280 PW-PS1 was composed of Ara, Xyl, and 4-methoxy-Glc A in a ratio of 1.0: 2.6: 0.8. 27566209 12 93 theme C9 2045:2046 arg1 components 2048:2057 the C1q, C3, and C9 components 2028:2057 the C1q, C3, and C9 components 2028:2057 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 9 94 theme 1,4-linked 1361:1370 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1372:1379 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1361:1379 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1361:1379 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 4 95 gly homogeneity 685:695 arg1 polysaccharides 766:780 the two polysaccharides 758:780 the two polysaccharides 758:780 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 6 96 theme activation 1094:1103 arg1 cascade 1105:1111 the complement activation cascade 1079:1111 the complement activation cascade 1079:1111 The preliminary mechanism for the complement activation cascade was also assessed. 27566209 0 97 theme anticomplement 112:125 arg1 activities 127:136 their anticomplement activities 106:136 their anticomplement activities 106:136 Structure characterization of two novel polysaccharides isolated from the spikes of Prunella vulgaris and their anticomplement activities. 27566209 9 98 theme Gal 1508:1510 arg1 A 1512:1512 Gal A 1508:1512 Gal A 1508:1512 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 10 99 theme 1,4-linked 1632:1641 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1643:1650 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1632:1650 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1632:1650 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 4 100 theme chemical 819:826 arg1 characterizations 828:844 other chemical characterizations 813:844 other chemical characterizations 813:844 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 3 101 theme Anticomplement 469:482 arg1 fractionation 500:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation 447:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris 447:552 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 5 102 theme 50 929:930 arg1 % 931:931 % 931:931 % 931:931 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 9 103 theme 1,3,5-linked 1403:1414 arg1 α-d-Arap 1416:1423 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap 1403:1423 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap 1403:1423 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 9 104 from Ara 1489:1491 arg1 ratio 1519:1523 a ratio 1517:1523 a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4 1517:1550 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 9 105 link 1,4-linked 1361:1370 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1372:1379 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1361:1379 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp 1361:1379 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 1 106 dep spikes 174:179 arg1 vulgaris 193:200 Prunella vulgaris 184:200 Prunella vulgaris 184:200 ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The spikes of Prunella vulgaris have long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat various inflammation-related diseases. 27566209 3 107 theme water 525:529 arg1 extract 531:537 the hot water extract 517:537 the hot water extract 517:537 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 5 108 theme polysaccharides 882:896 arg1 concentration 954:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration 929:966 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 5 108 theme polysaccharides 882:896 arg1 activity 866:873 The anticomplement activity 847:873 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides 847:896 The anticomplement activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated and expressed as 50% hemolytic inhibition concentration through the classical pathway (CH50 value) and alternative pathway (AP50 value). 27566209 9 109 from Rha 1484:1486 arg1 ratio 1519:1523 a ratio 1517:1523 a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4 1517:1550 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 3 110 theme activity-guided 484:498 arg1 fractionation 500:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation 447:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris 447:552 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 9 111 theme terminal 1430:1437 arg1 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp 1439:1456 terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp 1430:1456 terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp 1430:1456 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 10 112 link 1,3-linked 1653:1662 arg1 α-d-Rhap 1664:1671 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap 1653:1671 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap 1653:1671 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 3 113 theme vulgaris 545:552 arg1 fractionation 500:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation 447:512 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris 447:552 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 27566209 9 114 theme A. 1458:1459 arg1 PW-PS2 1461:1466 A. PW-PS2 1458:1466 A. PW-PS2 1458:1466 The main linkages of the sugar residues of PW-PS1 included terminal β-d-Xylp, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Arap, 1,3,5-linked α-d-Arap, and terminal 4-methoxy-α-d-Glcp A. PW-PS2 was composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Gal, and Gal A in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.8: 3.4. 27566209 12 115 theme C5 2101:2102 arg1 components 2112:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 10 116 theme terminal 1674:1681 arg1 α-d-Galp 1683:1690 terminal α-d-Galp 1674:1690 terminal α-d-Galp 1674:1690 The main linkages between the sugar residues of PW-PS2 included terminal Araf, 1,4-linked β-d-Xylp, 1,3-linked α-d-Rhap, terminal α-d-Galp, and 1,4,6-linked α-d-Galp. 27566209 12 117 theme C1q 2032:2034 arg1 components 2048:2057 the C1q, C3, and C9 components 2028:2057 the C1q, C3, and C9 components 2028:2057 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 12 118 theme C1q 2088:2090 arg1 components 2112:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components 2084:2121 Preliminary mechanism studies using complement component-depleted sera showed that PW-PS1 acted on the C1q, C3, and C9 components and that PW-PS2 acted on the C1q, C2, C3, C5, and C9 components. 27566209 4 119 theme molecular 698:706 arg1 weight 708:713 molecular weight 698:713 molecular weight 698:713 The homogeneity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and linkage of the two polysaccharides were determined in addition to other chemical characterizations. 27566209 3 120 theme DEAE-cellulose 571:584 arg1 chromatography 605:618 DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography 571:618 chromatography 605:618 MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticomplement activity-guided fractionation of the hot water extract of P. vulgaris was performed by DEAE-cellulose and size-exclusion chromatography, yielding two homogeneous polysaccharides PW-PS1 and PW-PS2. 26525114 12 0 theme composite 2036:2044 arg1 hydrogels 2046:2054 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels 2012:2054 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels 2012:2054 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 11 1 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1821:1832 arg1 STATEMENT 1808:1816 STATEMENT 1808:1816 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials 1808:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 2 2 theme aggregation 398:408 arg1 force 410:414 an aggregation force 395:414 an aggregation force 395:414 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 1 3 theme fluid 294:298 arg1 loss 300:303 fluid loss 294:303 fluid loss 294:303 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 6 4 theme cellulose 1014:1022 arg1 Cross-linking 997:1009 Cross-linking 997:1009 Cross-linking of cellulose by xyloglucan 997:1036 Cross-linking of cellulose by xyloglucan creates an extensional resistance and substantially increases the compressive modulus under large compression and densification. 26525114 11 5 theme biomaterials 1872:1883 arg1 properties 1849:1858 The mechanical properties 1834:1858 SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials 1821:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 9 6 theme tissue 1606:1611 arg1 applications 1625:1636 tissue engineering applications 1606:1636 tissue engineering applications 1606:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 4 7 theme time 755:758 arg1 scale 760:764 a time scale 753:764 a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time 753:799 Once compression stops and the pressure falls below some critical value, internal aggregation occurs over a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time. 26525114 10 8 theme mammalian 1742:1750 arg1 tissues 1752:1758 mammalian tissues 1742:1758 mammalian tissues 1742:1758 The model and overall approach may be utilised to characterise and design a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure. 26525114 13 9 theme biphasic 2408:2415 arg1 materials 2417:2425 transversely isotropic biphasic materials 2385:2425 transversely isotropic biphasic materials 2385:2425 Here, we model their micromechanics by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials. 26525114 1 10 theme apparent 309:316 arg1 behaviour 326:334 apparent plastic behaviour 309:334 apparent plastic behaviour 309:334 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 4 11 theme comparable 766:775 arg1 scale 760:764 a time scale 753:764 a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time 753:799 Once compression stops and the pressure falls below some critical value, internal aggregation occurs over a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time. 26525114 7 12 theme little 1248:1253 arg1 effect 1255:1260 little effect 1248:1260 little effect 1248:1260 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 5 13 theme cell 986:989 arg1 wall 991:994 the plant cell wall 976:994 the plant cell wall 976:994 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 11 14 from components 1984:1993 arg1 material 2002:2009 the material 1998:2009 the material 1998:2009 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 14 15 theme resulting 2432:2440 arg1 model 2442:2446 The resulting model 2428:2446 The resulting model 2428:2446 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 14 15 theme resulting 2432:2440 arg1 easy 2451:2454 easy 2451:2454 easy 2451:2454 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 5 16 theme promising 924:932 arg1 composites 902:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 5 16 theme promising 924:932 arg1 biomaterials 934:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 1 17 theme structural 251:260 arg1 components 262:271 the structural components 247:271 the structural components in the material 247:287 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 7 18 theme non-crosslinking 1196:1211 arg1 arabinoxylan 1213:1224 incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan 1182:1224 incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel 1182:1242 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 7 19 contain has 1244:1246 arg1 arabinoxylan 1213:1224 incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan 1182:1224 incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel 1182:1242 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 7 19 contain has 1244:1246 arg2 effect 1255:1260 little effect 1248:1260 little effect 1248:1260 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 1 20 theme hydrated 150:157 arg1 biomaterials 159:170 hydrated biomaterials 150:170 hydrated biomaterials 150:170 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 14 21 theme reproducible 2614:2625 arg1 parameters 2638:2647 physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters 2588:2647 physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters 2588:2647 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 5 22 theme hydrogel 893:900 arg1 composites 902:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 5 22 theme hydrogel 893:900 arg1 biomaterials 934:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 7 23 from rates 1293:1297 arg1 mechanics 1269:1277 its mechanics 1265:1277 its mechanics at the strain rates investigated 1265:1310 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 14 24 theme meaningful 2599:2608 arg1 parameters 2638:2647 physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters 2588:2647 physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters 2588:2647 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 5 25 theme bacterial 869:877 arg1 composites 902:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 5 25 theme bacterial 869:877 arg1 biomaterials 934:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 13 26 theme critical 2323:2330 arg1 pressure 2338:2345 a critical yield pressure 2321:2345 a critical yield pressure 2321:2345 Here, we model their micromechanics by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials. 26525114 12 27 theme fluid 2157:2161 arg1 loss 2163:2166 fluid loss 2157:2166 fluid loss 2157:2166 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 6 28 theme large 1130:1134 arg1 compression 1136:1146 large compression 1130:1146 large compression 1130:1146 Cross-linking of cellulose by xyloglucan creates an extensional resistance and substantially increases the compressive modulus under large compression and densification. 26525114 0 29 theme hydrogel 100:107 arg1 composites 109:118 nanocellulose hydrogel composites 86:118 nanocellulose hydrogel composites 86:118 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 4 30 dep compression 652:662 arg1 stops 664:668 stops 664:668 stops 664:668 Once compression stops and the pressure falls below some critical value, internal aggregation occurs over a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time. 26525114 14 31 theme unconfined 2544:2553 arg1 testing 2567:2573 unconfined compression testing 2544:2573 unconfined compression testing 2544:2573 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 2 32 theme yield 431:435 arg1 pressure 437:444 a critical yield pressure 420:444 a critical yield pressure 420:444 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 0 33 theme Micromechanical 0:14 arg1 model 16:20 Micromechanical model 0:20 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 0:119 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 11 34 dep SIGNIFICANCE 1821:1832 arg1 properties 1849:1858 The mechanical properties 1834:1858 SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials 1821:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 14 35 theme biomaterials 2523:2534 arg1 type 2506:2509 this type 2501:2509 this type of hydrated biomaterials 2501:2534 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 3 36 theme underlying 529:538 arg1 hypothesis 540:549 The underlying hypothesis 525:549 The underlying hypothesis 525:549 The underlying hypothesis is that continual fluid pressure build-up during compression temporarily supresses aggregation. 26525114 9 37 dep suggest 1446:1452 arg1 candidate 1479:1487 a suitable candidate 1468:1487 a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications 1468:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 2 38 theme constitutive 455:466 arg1 formulation 477:487 the constitutive biphasic formulation 451:487 the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues 451:522 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 9 39 theme engineering 1613:1623 arg1 applications 1625:1636 tissue engineering applications 1606:1636 tissue engineering applications 1606:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 9 40 theme nanocellulose 1516:1528 arg1 hydrogels 1530:1538 nanocellulose hydrogels 1516:1538 nanocellulose hydrogels 1516:1538 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 0 41 theme biomaterials 34:45 arg1 model 16:20 Micromechanical model 0:20 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 0:119 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 3 42 theme continual 559:567 arg1 build-up 584:591 continual fluid pressure build-up 559:591 continual fluid pressure build-up during compression 559:610 The underlying hypothesis is that continual fluid pressure build-up during compression temporarily supresses aggregation. 26525114 0 43 theme internal 52:59 arg1 adhesion 61:68 internal adhesion 52:68 internal adhesion 52:68 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 9 44 from cell-adhesion 1589:1601 arg1 applications 1625:1636 tissue engineering applications 1606:1636 tissue engineering applications 1606:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 12 45 theme phenomenon 2095:2104 arg1 example 2079:2085 a classical example 2067:2085 a classical example of this phenomenon 2067:2104 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 12 46 from variations 2191:2200 arg1 response 2220:2227 the mechanical response 2205:2227 the mechanical response to compression 2205:2242 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 12 47 theme Cellulose-hemicellulose 2012:2034 arg1 hydrogels 2046:2054 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels 2012:2054 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels 2012:2054 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 14 48 theme type 2506:2509 arg1 characterization 2481:2496 routine characterization 2473:2496 routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials 2473:2534 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 7 49 theme strain 1286:1291 arg1 rates 1293:1297 the strain rates 1282:1297 the strain rates investigated 1282:1310 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 8 50 from role 1364:1367 arg1 structure 1425:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 3 51 theme pressure 575:582 arg1 build-up 584:591 continual fluid pressure build-up 559:591 continual fluid pressure build-up during compression 559:610 The underlying hypothesis is that continual fluid pressure build-up during compression temporarily supresses aggregation. 26525114 9 52 theme modulating 1578:1587 arg1 cell-adhesion 1589:1601 modulating cell-adhesion 1578:1601 modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications 1578:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 14 53 theme routine 2473:2479 arg1 characterization 2481:2496 routine characterization 2473:2496 routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials 2473:2534 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 10 54 theme tissues 1752:1758 arg1 myriad 1715:1720 a myriad 1713:1720 a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure 1713:1805 The model and overall approach may be utilised to characterise and design a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure. 26525114 8 55 theme cell 1415:1418 arg1 structure 1425:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 1 56 theme unconfined 197:206 arg1 compression 208:218 unconfined compression 197:218 unconfined compression 197:218 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 10 57 theme fibrillar 1787:1795 arg1 structure 1797:1805 a fibrillar structure 1785:1805 a fibrillar structure 1785:1805 The model and overall approach may be utilised to characterise and design a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure. 26525114 11 58 theme hydrated 1863:1870 arg1 biomaterials 1872:1883 hydrated biomaterials 1863:1883 hydrated biomaterials 1863:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 2 59 theme micromechanical 354:368 arg1 phenomena 370:378 these micromechanical phenomena 348:378 these micromechanical phenomena 348:378 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 5 60 theme plant 980:984 arg1 wall 991:994 the plant cell wall 976:994 the plant cell wall 976:994 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 12 61 theme mechanical 2209:2218 arg1 response 2220:2227 the mechanical response 2205:2227 the mechanical response to compression 2205:2242 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 6 62 theme compressive 1104:1114 arg1 modulus 1116:1122 the compressive modulus 1100:1122 the compressive modulus 1100:1122 Cross-linking of cellulose by xyloglucan creates an extensional resistance and substantially increases the compressive modulus under large compression and densification. 26525114 8 63 theme plant 1409:1413 arg1 structure 1425:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 8 64 theme mechanical 1353:1362 arg1 role 1364:1367 the mechanical role 1349:1367 the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure 1349:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 4 65 theme internal 720:727 arg1 aggregation 729:739 internal aggregation 720:739 internal aggregation 720:739 Once compression stops and the pressure falls below some critical value, internal aggregation occurs over a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time. 26525114 12 66 theme significant 2179:2189 arg1 variations 2191:2200 significant variations 2179:2200 significant variations in the mechanical response to compression 2179:2242 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 7 67 theme incorporating 1182:1194 arg1 arabinoxylan 1213:1224 incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan 1182:1224 incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel 1182:1242 In comparison, incorporating non-crosslinking arabinoxylan into the hydrogel has little effect on its mechanics at the strain rates investigated. 26525114 13 68 theme isotropic 2398:2406 arg1 materials 2417:2425 transversely isotropic biphasic materials 2385:2425 transversely isotropic biphasic materials 2385:2425 Here, we model their micromechanics by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials. 26525114 1 69 theme mechanical 125:134 arg1 non-recoverable 176:190 non-recoverable 176:190 non-recoverable 176:190 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 1 69 theme mechanical 125:134 arg1 properties 136:145 The mechanical properties 121:145 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials 121:170 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 8 70 theme polysaccharides 1378:1392 arg1 role 1364:1367 the mechanical role 1349:1367 the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure 1349:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 6 71 theme extensional 1049:1059 arg1 resistance 1061:1070 an extensional resistance 1046:1070 an extensional resistance 1046:1070 Cross-linking of cellulose by xyloglucan creates an extensional resistance and substantially increases the compressive modulus under large compression and densification. 26525114 1 72 from components 262:271 arg1 material 280:287 the material 276:287 the material 276:287 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 14 73 theme mechanical 2627:2636 arg1 parameters 2638:2647 physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters 2588:2647 physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters 2588:2647 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 11 74 theme structural 1973:1982 arg1 components 1984:1993 the structural components 1969:1993 the structural components in the material 1969:2009 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 5 75 theme mechanical 846:855 arg1 response 857:864 the mechanical response 842:864 the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall 842:994 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 13 76 theme constitutive 2356:2367 arg1 formulation 2369:2379 the constitutive formulation 2352:2379 the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials 2352:2425 Here, we model their micromechanics by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials. 26525114 1 77 theme biomaterials 159:170 arg1 non-recoverable 176:190 non-recoverable 176:190 non-recoverable 176:190 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 1 77 theme biomaterials 159:170 arg1 properties 136:145 The mechanical properties 121:145 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials 121:170 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 0 78 theme nanocellulose 86:98 arg1 composites 109:118 nanocellulose hydrogel composites 86:118 nanocellulose hydrogel composites 86:118 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 4 79 theme poroelastic 784:794 arg1 time 796:799 the poroelastic time 780:799 the poroelastic time 780:799 Once compression stops and the pressure falls below some critical value, internal aggregation occurs over a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time. 26525114 13 80 theme yield 2332:2336 arg1 pressure 2338:2345 a critical yield pressure 2321:2345 a critical yield pressure 2321:2345 Here, we model their micromechanics by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials. 26525114 9 81 theme suitable 1470:1477 arg1 candidate 1479:1487 a suitable candidate 1468:1487 a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications 1468:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 9 82 from stiffness 1503:1511 arg1 design 1555:1560 biomaterial design 1543:1560 biomaterial design 1543:1560 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 8 83 theme wall 1420:1423 arg1 structure 1425:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 10 84 theme overall 1653:1659 arg1 approach 1661:1668 overall approach 1653:1668 overall approach 1653:1668 The model and overall approach may be utilised to characterise and design a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure. 26525114 14 85 theme compression 2555:2565 arg1 testing 2567:2573 unconfined compression testing 2544:2573 unconfined compression testing 2544:2573 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 2 86 theme isotropic 506:514 arg1 tissues 516:522 transversely isotropic tissues 493:522 transversely isotropic tissues 493:522 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 8 87 theme complex 1401:1407 arg1 structure 1425:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 the complex plant cell wall structure 1397:1433 These results assist in elucidating the mechanical role of these polysaccharides in the complex plant cell wall structure. 26525114 2 88 theme critical 422:429 arg1 pressure 437:444 a critical yield pressure 420:444 a critical yield pressure 420:444 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 0 89 theme biphasic 25:32 arg1 biomaterials 34:45 biphasic biomaterials 25:45 biphasic biomaterials 25:45 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 1 90 theme plastic 318:324 arg1 behaviour 326:334 apparent plastic behaviour 309:334 apparent plastic behaviour 309:334 The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials are non-recoverable upon unconfined compression if adhesion occurs between the structural components in the material upon fluid loss and apparent plastic behaviour. 26525114 14 91 theme hydrated 2514:2521 arg1 biomaterials 2523:2534 hydrated biomaterials 2514:2534 hydrated biomaterials 2514:2534 The resulting model is easy to implement for routine characterization of this type of hydrated biomaterials through unconfined compression testing and produces physically meaningful and reproducible mechanical parameters. 26525114 2 92 theme biphasic 468:475 arg1 formulation 477:487 the constitutive biphasic formulation 451:487 the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues 451:522 We explore these micromechanical phenomena by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive biphasic formulation for transversely isotropic tissues. 26525114 5 93 theme nanocellulose 879:891 arg1 composites 902:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites 869:911 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 5 93 theme nanocellulose 879:891 arg1 biomaterials 934:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 promising biomaterials 924:945 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 5 94 theme composites 902:911 arg1 response 857:864 the mechanical response 842:864 the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall 842:994 We demonstrate this model by predicting the mechanical response of bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel composites, which are promising biomaterials and a structural mimetic for the plant cell wall. 26525114 9 95 theme hydrogels 1530:1538 arg1 stiffness 1503:1511 the stiffness 1499:1511 the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications 1499:1636 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 13 96 theme aggregation 2299:2309 arg1 force 2311:2315 an aggregation force 2296:2315 an aggregation force 2296:2315 Here, we model their micromechanics by introducing an aggregation force and a critical yield pressure into the constitutive formulation for transversely isotropic biphasic materials. 26525114 11 97 theme increased 1932:1940 arg1 adhesion 1942:1949 increased adhesion 1932:1949 increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material 1932:2009 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 26525114 0 98 with model 16:20 arg1 adhesion 61:68 internal adhesion 52:68 internal adhesion 52:68 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 3 99 theme fluid 569:573 arg1 build-up 584:591 continual fluid pressure build-up 559:591 continual fluid pressure build-up during compression 559:610 The underlying hypothesis is that continual fluid pressure build-up during compression temporarily supresses aggregation. 26525114 9 100 theme biomaterial 1543:1553 arg1 design 1555:1560 biomaterial design 1543:1560 biomaterial design 1543:1560 They also suggest xyloglucan is a suitable candidate to tailor the stiffness of nanocellulose hydrogels in biomaterial design, which includes modulating cell-adhesion in tissue engineering applications. 26525114 12 101 theme classical 2069:2077 arg1 example 2079:2085 a classical example 2067:2085 a classical example of this phenomenon 2067:2104 Cellulose-hemicellulose composite hydrogels constitute a classical example of this phenomenon, since fibres can freely re-orient and adhere upon fluid loss to produce significant variations in the mechanical response to compression. 26525114 4 102 theme critical 704:711 arg1 value 713:717 some critical value 699:717 some critical value 699:717 Once compression stops and the pressure falls below some critical value, internal aggregation occurs over a time scale comparable to the poroelastic time. 26525114 0 103 dep model 16:20 arg1 Application 71:81 Application 71:81 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 0:119 Micromechanical model of biphasic biomaterials with internal adhesion: Application to nanocellulose hydrogel composites. 26525114 10 104 theme biomaterials 1725:1736 arg1 myriad 1715:1720 a myriad 1713:1720 a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure 1713:1805 The model and overall approach may be utilised to characterise and design a myriad of biomaterials and mammalian tissues, particularly those with a fibrillar structure. 26525114 11 105 theme mechanical 1838:1847 arg1 properties 1849:1858 The mechanical properties 1834:1858 SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials 1821:1883 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of hydrated biomaterials can be non-recoverable upon compression due to increased adhesion occurring between the structural components in the material. 28554647 0 0 theme New 84:86 arg1 insight 88:94 New insight 84:94 varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization 73:131 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan pomegranate varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization. 28554647 0 1 from by-products 21:31 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan 0:59 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan pomegranate varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization. 28554647 5 2 from Laffan 797:802 arg1 CPS 788:790 The CPS 784:790 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp 784:825 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp showed prebiotic properties in vitro with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. 28554647 5 3 theme prebiotic 834:842 arg1 properties 844:853 prebiotic properties 834:853 prebiotic properties 834:853 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp showed prebiotic properties in vitro with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. 28554647 6 4 dep decoction 935:943 arg1 % 948:948 12% ellagitannins 946:962 12% ellagitannins 946:962 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 4 dep decoction 935:943 arg1 CPS 975:977 CPS 975:977 CPS 975:977 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 4 dep decoction 935:943 arg1 % 970:970 10% 968:970 10% of CPS 968:977 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 5 dep % 948:948 arg1 ellagitannins 950:962 ellagitannins 950:962 12% ellagitannins 946:962 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 6 theme pomegranate 1022:1032 arg1 by-products 1034:1044 pomegranate by-products 1022:1044 pomegranate by-products 1022:1044 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 3 7 theme CPS 450:452 arg1 samples 454:460 the CPS samples 446:460 the CPS samples 446:460 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 4 8 with pectin 728:733 arg1 acylation 750:758 different acylation 740:758 different acylation 740:758 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 8 with pectin 728:733 arg1 degree 776:781 methylation degree 764:781 methylation degree 764:781 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 3 9 theme exclusion 516:524 arg1 chromatography 526:539 size exclusion chromatography 511:539 size exclusion chromatography 511:539 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 2 10 dep % 350:350 arg1 w/w 352:354 w/w 352:354 approximatively 10% w/w 332:354 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 4 11 theme methylation 764:774 arg1 degree 776:781 methylation degree 764:781 methylation degree 764:781 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 2 12 theme CPS 310:312 arg1 yield 325:329 the highest CPS extraction yield 298:329 the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) 298:371 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 4 13 theme confirmed 679:687 arg1 pectin 728:733 pectin 728:733 pectin with different acylation and methylation degree 728:781 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 13 theme confirmed 679:687 arg1 fractions 713:721 the main polysaccharide fractions 689:721 confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions 679:721 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 6 14 theme food 1091:1094 arg1 formulations 1096:1107 functional food formulations 1080:1107 functional food formulations 1080:1107 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 2 15 theme extraction 314:323 arg1 yield 325:329 the highest CPS extraction yield 298:329 the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) 298:371 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 4 16 theme gelling 662:668 arg1 ability 670:676 gelling ability 662:676 gelling ability 662:676 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 17 theme polysaccharide 698:711 arg1 pectin 728:733 pectin 728:733 pectin with different acylation and methylation degree 728:781 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 17 theme polysaccharide 698:711 arg1 fractions 713:721 the main polysaccharide fractions 689:721 confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions 679:721 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 18 theme proton 602:607 arg1 pectin 728:733 pectin 728:733 pectin with different acylation and methylation degree 728:781 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 18 theme proton 602:607 arg1 spectra 609:615 The proton spectra 598:615 The proton spectra (1H NMR) 598:624 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 18 theme proton 602:607 arg1 NMR 621:623 1H NMR 618:623 1H NMR 618:623 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 6 19 theme decoction 935:943 arg1 composition 916:926 The composition 912:926 The composition 912:926 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 2 20 from % 350:350 arg1 matter 365:370 dried matter 359:370 dried matter 359:370 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 3 21 theme hydrodynamic 471:482 arg1 volume 484:489 a hydrodynamic volume 469:489 a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa 469:506 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 6 22 theme green 994:998 arg1 process 1011:1017 a green extraction process 992:1017 a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products 992:1044 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 23 theme functional 1080:1089 arg1 formulations 1096:1107 functional food formulations 1080:1107 functional food formulations 1080:1107 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 2 24 dep yield 325:329 arg1 % 350:350 approximatively 10% 332:350 approximatively 10% w/w 332:354 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 3 25 theme samples 454:460 arg1 polymers 425:432 The predominant polymers 409:432 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples 409:460 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 3 25 theme samples 454:460 arg1 % 440:440 75-80% 435:440 75-80% 435:440 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 4 26 theme sugar 640:644 arg1 composition 646:656 sugar composition 640:656 sugar composition 640:656 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 2 27 theme highest 302:308 arg1 yield 325:329 the highest CPS extraction yield 298:329 the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) 298:371 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 2 28 theme dried 359:363 arg1 matter 365:370 dried matter 359:370 dried matter 359:370 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 0 29 dep varieties 73:81 arg1 insight 88:94 New insight 84:94 varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization 73:131 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan pomegranate varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization. 28554647 3 30 theme size 511:514 arg1 chromatography 526:539 size exclusion chromatography 511:539 size exclusion chromatography 511:539 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 5 31 theme Bifidobacterium 887:901 arg1 strains 903:909 Bifidobacterium strains 887:909 Bifidobacterium strains 887:909 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp showed prebiotic properties in vitro with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. 28554647 6 32 theme suitable 1058:1065 arg1 component 1067:1075 a suitable component 1056:1075 a suitable component of functional food formulations 1056:1107 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 2 33 theme decoction 382:390 arg1 1h 376:377 1h 376:377 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v) 376:406 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 0 34 theme Wonderful 40:48 arg1 by-products 21:31 by-products 21:31 by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan 21:59 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan pomegranate varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization. 28554647 6 35 theme CPS 975:977 arg1 % 948:948 12% ellagitannins 946:962 12% ellagitannins 946:962 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 35 theme CPS 975:977 arg1 CPS 975:977 CPS 975:977 CPS 975:977 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 6 35 theme CPS 975:977 arg1 % 970:970 10% 968:970 10% of CPS 968:977 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 1 36 theme cultivated 198:207 arg1 Laffan 232:237 Laffan 232:237 Laffan 232:237 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 1 36 theme cultivated 198:207 arg1 varieties 221:229 two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties 187:229 two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties 187:229 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 1 36 theme cultivated 198:207 arg1 Wonderful 243:251 Wonderful 243:251 Wonderful 243:251 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 6 37 theme extraction 1000:1009 arg1 process 1011:1017 a green extraction process 992:1017 a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products 992:1044 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 4 38 theme different 740:748 arg1 acylation 750:758 different acylation 740:758 different acylation 740:758 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 1 39 theme pomegranate 209:219 arg1 Laffan 232:237 Laffan 232:237 Laffan 232:237 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 1 39 theme pomegranate 209:219 arg1 varieties 221:229 two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties 187:229 two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties 187:229 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 1 39 theme pomegranate 209:219 arg1 Wonderful 243:251 Wonderful 243:251 Wonderful 243:251 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 0 40 theme Laffan 54:59 arg1 by-products 21:31 by-products 21:31 by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan 21:59 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan pomegranate varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization. 28554647 0 41 dep Wonderful 40:48 arg1 the 36:38 the 36:38 the 36:38 Polysaccharides from by-products of the Wonderful and Laffan pomegranate varieties: New insight into extraction and characterization. 28554647 6 42 theme by-products 1034:1044 arg1 process 1011:1017 a green extraction process 992:1017 a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products 992:1044 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 5 43 dep Laffan 797:802 arg1 mesocarp 818:825 mesocarp 818:825 mesocarp 818:825 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp showed prebiotic properties in vitro with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. 28554647 3 44 theme mesocarp 561:568 arg1 similar 589:595 similar 589:595 similar 589:595 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 3 44 theme mesocarp 561:568 arg1 profiles 570:577 the exocarp and mesocarp profiles 545:577 the exocarp and mesocarp profiles 545:577 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 4 45 theme main 693:696 arg1 pectin 728:733 pectin 728:733 pectin with different acylation and methylation degree 728:781 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 45 theme main 693:696 arg1 fractions 713:721 the main polysaccharide fractions 689:721 confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions 679:721 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 1 46 theme main 138:141 arg1 polysaccharides 149:163 The main crude polysaccharides 134:163 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS) 134:169 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 1 46 theme main 138:141 arg1 CPS 166:168 CPS 166:168 CPS 166:168 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 3 47 theme predominant 413:423 arg1 polymers 425:432 The predominant polymers 409:432 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples 409:460 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 3 47 theme predominant 413:423 arg1 % 440:440 75-80% 435:440 75-80% 435:440 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 3 48 theme exocarp 549:555 arg1 similar 589:595 similar 589:595 similar 589:595 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 3 48 theme exocarp 549:555 arg1 profiles 570:577 the exocarp and mesocarp profiles 545:577 the exocarp and mesocarp profiles 545:577 The predominant polymers (75-80%) of the CPS samples showed a hydrodynamic volume close to 2000kDa by size exclusion chromatography and the exocarp and mesocarp profiles were very similar. 28554647 5 49 from Wonderful 808:816 arg1 CPS 788:790 The CPS 784:790 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp 784:825 The CPS from Laffan and Wonderful mesocarp showed prebiotic properties in vitro with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. 28554647 1 50 theme crude 143:147 arg1 polysaccharides 149:163 The main crude polysaccharides 134:163 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS) 134:169 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 1 50 theme crude 143:147 arg1 CPS 166:168 CPS 166:168 CPS 166:168 The main crude polysaccharides (CPS), extracted from two widely cultivated pomegranate varieties, Laffan and Wonderful, were studied and characterized. 28554647 6 51 theme formulations 1096:1107 arg1 component 1067:1075 a suitable component 1056:1075 a suitable component of functional food formulations 1056:1107 The composition of the decoction (12% ellagitannins and 10% of CPS) obtained by a green extraction process of pomegranate by-products, makes it a suitable component of functional food formulations. 28554647 2 52 theme ratio 393:397 arg1 decoction 382:390 decoction 382:390 decoction (ratio 1/40w/v) 382:406 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 2 52 theme ratio 393:397 arg1 1/40w/v 399:405 ratio 1/40w/v 393:405 ratio 1/40w/v 393:405 We obtained the highest CPS extraction yield (approximatively 10% w/w on dried matter) by 1h of decoction (ratio 1/40w/v). 28554647 4 53 theme 1H 618:619 arg1 spectra 609:615 The proton spectra 598:615 The proton spectra (1H NMR) 598:624 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 28554647 4 53 theme 1H 618:619 arg1 NMR 621:623 1H NMR 618:623 1H NMR 618:623 The proton spectra (1H NMR), according to sugar composition and gelling ability, confirmed the main polysaccharide fractions were pectin with different acylation and methylation degree. 24737166 4 0 theme multivariate 610:621 arg1 analysis 638:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 2 1 theme cancer 367:372 arg1 progression 374:384 breast cancer progression 360:384 breast cancer progression 360:384 Many enzymes are involved in glycoconjugate synthesis and degradation, but there is only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression. 24737166 4 2 theme regression 627:636 arg1 analysis 638:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 3 3 theme follow-up 566:574 arg1 information 576:586 long-term follow-up information 556:586 long-term follow-up information 556:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 5 4 theme second 824:829 arg1 cohort 831:836 a second cohort 822:836 a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy 822:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 5 5 theme tumour 845:850 arg1 samples 852:858 200 tumour samples 841:858 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy 841:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 11 6 theme metastatic 1862:1871 arg1 spread 1873:1878 organ-specific metastatic spread 1847:1878 organ-specific metastatic spread 1847:1878 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 8 7 theme prognostic 1249:1258 arg1 significance 1260:1271 prognostic significance 1249:1271 prognostic significance 1249:1271 Eighteen genes also showed prognostic significance in chemotherapy-treated patients. 24737166 10 8 from role 1646:1649 arg1 ones 1728:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 8 from role 1646:1649 arg1 cancers 1681:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 9 9 theme additional 1475:1484 arg1 UGCG 1516:1519 UGCG 1516:1519 UGCG 1516:1519 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 9 theme additional 1475:1484 arg1 ST3GAL6 1504:1510 ST3GAL6 1504:1510 ST3GAL6 1504:1510 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 9 theme additional 1475:1484 arg1 GCNT4 1497:1501 GCNT4 1497:1501 GCNT4 1497:1501 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 9 theme additional 1475:1484 arg1 probesets 1486:1494 three additional probesets 1469:1494 three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG) 1469:1520 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 4 10 theme prognostic 671:680 arg1 value 682:686 independent prognostic value 659:686 independent prognostic value 659:686 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 10 11 theme great 1594:1598 arg1 differences 1600:1610 great differences 1594:1610 great differences 1594:1610 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 11 12 theme glycan 1826:1831 arg1 structures 1833:1842 glycan structures 1826:1842 glycan structures 1826:1842 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 11 13 with Correlations 1734:1745 arg1 metastases 1771:1780 metastases 1771:1780 metastases of various localizations 1771:1805 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 12 14 theme potential 2018:2026 arg1 targets 2040:2046 potential therapeutic targets 2018:2046 potential therapeutic targets 2018:2046 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 11 15 from role 1818:1821 arg1 spread 1873:1878 organ-specific metastatic spread 1847:1878 organ-specific metastatic spread 1847:1878 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 10 16 theme N-glycosylation 1654:1668 arg1 O-glycosylation 1693:1707 O-glycosylation 1693:1707 O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones 1693:1731 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 16 theme N-glycosylation 1654:1668 arg1 role 1646:1649 a predominant role 1632:1649 a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers 1632:1687 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 7 17 theme glycosylation 1092:1104 arg1 pathways 1106:1113 all important glycosylation pathways 1078:1113 all important glycosylation pathways 1078:1113 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 7 17 theme glycosylation 1092:1104 arg1 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 4 18 with genes 648:652 arg1 value 682:686 independent prognostic value 659:686 independent prognostic value 659:686 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 5 19 theme samples 852:858 arg1 cohort 831:836 a second cohort 822:836 a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy 822:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 1 20 contain has 108:110 arg2 impact 122:127 important impact 112:127 important impact 112:127 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 1 20 contain has 108:110 arg1 Glycosylation 73:85 Glycosylation 73:85 Glycosylation of cellular proteins 73:106 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 5 21 from patients 865:872 arg1 cohort 831:836 a second cohort 822:836 a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy 822:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 5 21 from patients 865:872 arg1 samples 852:858 200 tumour samples 841:858 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy 841:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 6 22 theme prognostic 961:970 arg1 value 972:976 independent prognostic value 949:976 independent prognostic value 949:976 In our first cohort, we identified 24 genes with independent prognostic value, coding for sixteen anabolic and eight catabolic enzymes. 24737166 11 23 theme localizations 1793:1805 arg1 metastases 1771:1780 metastases 1771:1780 metastases of various localizations 1771:1805 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 5 24 theme Kaplan-Meier 736:747 arg1 analysis 749:756 Kaplan-Meier analysis 736:756 Kaplan-Meier analysis 736:756 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 6 25 dep anabolic 998:1005 arg1 enzymes 1027:1033 enzymes 1027:1033 enzymes 1027:1033 In our first cohort, we identified 24 genes with independent prognostic value, coding for sixteen anabolic and eight catabolic enzymes. 24737166 9 26 theme relevant 1343:1350 arg1 genes 1352:1356 the 24 relevant genes 1336:1356 the 24 relevant genes 1336:1356 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 2 27 theme glycoconjugate 260:273 arg1 synthesis 275:283 glycoconjugate synthesis 260:283 glycoconjugate synthesis 260:283 Many enzymes are involved in glycoconjugate synthesis and degradation, but there is only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression. 24737166 12 28 theme cancer 1986:1991 arg1 metastasis 1965:1974 metastasis 1965:1974 metastasis 1965:1974 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 12 28 theme cancer 1986:1991 arg1 progression 1949:1959 progression 1949:1959 progression 1949:1959 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 9 29 theme prognostic 1366:1375 arg1 significance 1377:1388 prognostic significance 1366:1388 prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1) 1366:1433 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 5 30 theme prognostic 788:797 arg1 value 799:803 their prognostic value 782:803 their prognostic value 782:803 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 1 31 theme cellular 90:97 arg1 proteins 99:106 cellular proteins 90:106 cellular proteins 90:106 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 3 32 theme glycosylation 438:450 arg1 genes 452:456 202 glycosylation genes 434:456 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 434:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 0 33 theme Prognostic 0:9 arg1 relevance 11:19 Prognostic relevance 0:19 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer 0:70 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer. 24737166 10 34 theme triple-negative 1712:1726 arg1 ones 1728:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 12 35 theme glycosylation 1915:1927 arg1 reactions 1929:1937 various glycosylation reactions 1907:1937 various glycosylation reactions 1907:1937 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 6 36 theme first 907:911 arg1 cohort 913:918 our first cohort 903:918 our first cohort 903:918 In our first cohort, we identified 24 genes with independent prognostic value, coding for sixteen anabolic and eight catabolic enzymes. 24737166 3 37 theme microarray 471:480 arg1 analysis 482:489 microarray analysis 471:489 microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) 471:511 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 3 37 theme microarray 471:480 arg1 HG-U133A 503:510 Affymetrix HG-U133A 492:510 Affymetrix HG-U133A 492:510 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 7 38 theme glycolipids 1209:1219 arg1 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 7 38 theme glycolipids 1209:1219 arg1 synthesis 1173:1181 synthesis 1173:1181 synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids 1173:1219 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 0 39 theme genes 49:53 arg1 relevance 11:19 Prognostic relevance 0:19 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer 0:70 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer. 24737166 3 40 theme expression 415:424 arg1 data 426:429 RNA expression data 411:429 RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 411:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 10 41 theme stratified 1528:1537 arg1 analysis 1539:1546 a stratified analysis 1526:1546 a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts 1526:1591 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 2 42 theme breast 360:365 arg1 progression 374:384 breast cancer progression 360:384 breast cancer progression 360:384 Many enzymes are involved in glycoconjugate synthesis and degradation, but there is only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression. 24737166 0 43 theme breast 58:63 arg1 cancer 65:70 breast cancer 58:70 breast cancer 58:70 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer. 24737166 5 44 from cohort 831:836 arg1 patients 865:872 patients 865:872 patients without systemic therapy 865:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 9 45 dep significance 1377:1388 arg1 FUT1 1391:1394 FUT1 1391:1394 FUT1 1391:1394 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 45 dep significance 1377:1388 arg1 MAN1A1 1412:1417 MAN1A1 1412:1417 MAN1A1 1412:1417 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 45 dep significance 1377:1388 arg1 RPN1 1420:1423 RPN1 1420:1423 RPN1 1420:1423 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 45 dep significance 1377:1388 arg1 FUCA1 1397:1401 FUCA1 1397:1401 FUCA1 1397:1401 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 45 dep significance 1377:1388 arg1 POFUT1 1404:1409 POFUT1 1404:1409 POFUT1 1404:1409 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 45 dep significance 1377:1388 arg1 DPM1 1429:1432 DPM1 1429:1432 DPM1 1429:1432 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 10 46 from O-glycosylation 1693:1707 arg1 ones 1728:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 46 from O-glycosylation 1693:1707 arg1 cancers 1681:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 47 theme subtypes 1561:1568 arg1 analysis 1539:1546 a stratified analysis 1526:1546 a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts 1526:1591 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 11 48 theme expression 1755:1764 arg1 Correlations 1734:1745 Correlations 1734:1745 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations 1734:1805 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 9 49 dep probesets 1486:1494 arg1 UGCG 1516:1519 UGCG 1516:1519 UGCG 1516:1519 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 49 dep probesets 1486:1494 arg1 ST3GAL6 1504:1510 ST3GAL6 1504:1510 ST3GAL6 1504:1510 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 49 dep probesets 1486:1494 arg1 GCNT4 1497:1501 GCNT4 1497:1501 GCNT4 1497:1501 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 49 dep probesets 1486:1494 arg1 probesets 1486:1494 three additional probesets 1469:1494 three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG) 1469:1520 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 6 50 theme independent 949:959 arg1 value 972:976 independent prognostic value 949:976 independent prognostic value 949:976 In our first cohort, we identified 24 genes with independent prognostic value, coding for sixteen anabolic and eight catabolic enzymes. 24737166 2 51 from role 352:355 arg1 progression 374:384 breast cancer progression 360:384 breast cancer progression 360:384 Many enzymes are involved in glycoconjugate synthesis and degradation, but there is only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression. 24737166 3 52 theme long-term 556:564 arg1 information 576:586 long-term follow-up information 556:586 long-term follow-up information 556:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 4 53 theme Cox 623:625 arg1 analysis 638:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 3 54 theme carcinomas 540:549 arg1 cohort 518:523 a cohort 516:523 a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 516:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 1 55 theme glycan 179:184 arg1 structures 186:195 glycan structures 179:195 glycan structures 179:195 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 7 56 theme glycosaminoglycans 1186:1203 arg1 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 7 56 theme glycosaminoglycans 1186:1203 arg1 synthesis 1173:1181 synthesis 1173:1181 synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids 1173:1219 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 11 57 theme organ-specific 1847:1860 arg1 spread 1873:1878 organ-specific metastatic spread 1847:1878 organ-specific metastatic spread 1847:1878 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 2 58 theme limited 320:326 arg1 information 328:338 only limited information 315:338 only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression 315:384 Many enzymes are involved in glycoconjugate synthesis and degradation, but there is only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression. 24737166 1 59 theme cell 216:219 arg1 adhesion 221:228 cell adhesion 216:228 cell adhesion 216:228 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 9 60 from significance 1377:1388 arg1 cohort 1321:1326 the second cohort 1310:1326 the second cohort 1310:1326 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 4 61 theme independent 659:669 arg1 value 682:686 independent prognostic value 659:686 independent prognostic value 659:686 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 11 62 theme structures 1833:1842 arg1 role 1818:1821 a role 1816:1821 a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread 1816:1878 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 7 63 theme important 1082:1090 arg1 pathways 1106:1113 all important glycosylation pathways 1078:1113 all important glycosylation pathways 1078:1113 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 7 63 theme important 1082:1090 arg1 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 O-glycosylation 1123:1137 Functionally, these genes are involved in all important glycosylation pathways, namely O-glycosylation, N-glycosylation, O-fucosylation, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids. 24737166 9 64 theme second 1314:1319 arg1 cohort 1321:1326 the second cohort 1310:1326 the second cohort 1310:1326 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 5 65 theme systemic 882:889 arg1 therapy 891:897 systemic therapy 882:897 systemic therapy 882:897 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 8 66 theme chemotherapy-treated 1276:1295 arg1 patients 1297:1304 chemotherapy-treated patients 1276:1304 chemotherapy-treated patients 1276:1304 Eighteen genes also showed prognostic significance in chemotherapy-treated patients. 24737166 10 67 theme predominant 1634:1644 arg1 role 1646:1649 a predominant role 1632:1649 a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers 1632:1687 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 68 gly O-glycosylation 1693:1707 arg1 ones 1728:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 triple-negative ones 1712:1731 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 68 gly O-glycosylation 1693:1707 arg1 cancers 1681:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 10 68 gly O-glycosylation 1693:1707 arg1 N-glycosylation 1654:1668 N-glycosylation 1654:1668 N-glycosylation 1654:1668 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 12 69 theme therapeutic 2028:2038 arg1 targets 2040:2046 potential therapeutic targets 2018:2046 potential therapeutic targets 2018:2046 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 1 70 gly Glycosylation 73:85 arg1 proteins 99:106 cellular proteins 90:106 cellular proteins 90:106 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 1 71 theme functional 152:161 arg1 properties 163:172 functional properties 152:172 functional properties 152:172 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 11 72 theme various 1785:1791 arg1 localizations 1793:1805 various localizations 1785:1805 various localizations 1785:1805 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 9 73 theme genes 1352:1356 arg1 genes 1352:1356 the 24 relevant genes 1336:1356 the 24 relevant genes 1336:1356 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 9 73 theme genes 1352:1356 arg1 six 1329:1331 six 1329:1331 six 1329:1331 In the second cohort, six of the 24 relevant genes were of prognostic significance (FUT1, FUCA1, POFUT1, MAN1A1, RPN1 and DPM1), whereas a trend was observed for three additional probesets (GCNT4, ST3GAL6 and UGCG). 24737166 0 74 from relevance 11:19 arg1 cancer 65:70 breast cancer 58:70 breast cancer 58:70 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer. 24737166 10 75 theme luminal 1673:1679 arg1 cancers 1681:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 luminal cancers 1673:1687 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 12 76 theme breast 1979:1984 arg1 cancer 1986:1991 breast cancer 1979:1991 breast cancer 1979:1991 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 1 77 theme proteins 99:106 arg1 Glycosylation 73:85 Glycosylation 73:85 Glycosylation of cellular proteins 73:106 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 3 78 theme RNA 411:413 arg1 data 426:429 RNA expression data 411:429 RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 411:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 5 79 theme log-rank 762:769 arg1 tests 771:775 log-rank tests 762:775 log-rank tests 762:775 These were further analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests, and their prognostic value was validated in a second cohort of 200 tumour samples from patients without systemic therapy. 24737166 3 80 theme genes 452:456 arg1 data 426:429 RNA expression data 411:429 RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 411:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 0 81 theme glycosylation-associated 24:47 arg1 genes 49:53 glycosylation-associated genes 24:53 glycosylation-associated genes 24:53 Prognostic relevance of glycosylation-associated genes in breast cancer. 24737166 1 82 theme important 112:120 arg1 impact 122:127 important impact 112:127 important impact 112:127 Glycosylation of cellular proteins has important impact on their stability and functional properties, and glycan structures strongly influence cell adhesion. 24737166 4 83 theme univariate 595:604 arg1 analysis 638:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis 595:645 After univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, genes with independent prognostic value were identified. 24737166 3 84 theme Affymetrix 492:501 arg1 analysis 482:489 microarray analysis 471:489 microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) 471:511 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 3 84 theme Affymetrix 492:501 arg1 HG-U133A 503:510 Affymetrix HG-U133A 492:510 Affymetrix HG-U133A 492:510 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 3 85 with carcinomas 540:549 arg1 information 576:586 long-term follow-up information 556:586 long-term follow-up information 556:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 3 86 theme 202 434:436 arg1 genes 452:456 202 glycosylation genes 434:456 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 434:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 24737166 2 87 theme Many 231:234 arg1 enzymes 236:242 Many enzymes 231:242 Many enzymes 231:242 Many enzymes are involved in glycoconjugate synthesis and degradation, but there is only limited information about their role in breast cancer progression. 24737166 12 88 theme various 1907:1913 arg1 reactions 1929:1937 various glycosylation reactions 1907:1937 various glycosylation reactions 1907:1937 Our results indicate that various glycosylation reactions influence progression and metastasis of breast cancer and might thus represent potential therapeutic targets. 24737166 11 89 theme gene 1750:1753 arg1 expression 1755:1764 gene expression 1750:1764 gene expression 1750:1764 Correlations of gene expression with metastases of various localizations point to a role of glycan structures in organ-specific metastatic spread. 24737166 10 90 theme molecular 1551:1559 arg1 subtypes 1561:1568 molecular subtypes 1551:1568 molecular subtypes combining both cohorts 1551:1591 In a stratified analysis of molecular subtypes combining both cohorts, great differences appeared suggesting a predominant role of N-glycosylation in luminal cancers and O-glycosylation in triple-negative ones. 24737166 3 91 theme mammary 532:538 arg1 carcinomas 540:549 194 mammary carcinomas 528:549 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information 528:586 Therefore, we retrieved RNA expression data of 202 glycosylation genes generated by microarray analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A) in a cohort of 194 mammary carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. 29103502 4 0 theme 29.61:1.00 693:702 arg1 ratio 684:688 the ratio 680:688 the ratio of 29.61:1.00 680:702 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 1 1 from devonianum 222:231 arg1 conformation 124:135 The chain conformation 114:135 The chain conformation 114:135 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 1 1 from devonianum 222:231 arg1 characters 147:156 chemical characters 138:156 chemical characters 138:156 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 1 1 from devonianum 222:231 arg1 activity 179:186 immunomodulatory activity 162:186 immunomodulatory activity 162:186 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 1 2 theme polysaccharide 191:204 arg1 conformation 124:135 The chain conformation 114:135 The chain conformation 114:135 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 1 2 theme polysaccharide 191:204 arg1 characters 147:156 chemical characters 138:156 chemical characters 138:156 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 1 2 theme polysaccharide 191:204 arg1 activity 179:186 immunomodulatory activity 162:186 immunomodulatory activity 162:186 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 3 3 from shape 542:546 arg1 solution 559:566 aqueous solution 551:566 aqueous solution 551:566 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 0 4 from characterization 9:24 arg1 devonianum 102:111 Dendrobium devonianum 91:111 Dendrobium devonianum 91:111 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 5 5 theme main 717:720 arg1 linkages 733:740 the main glycosidic linkages 713:740 the main glycosidic linkages 713:740 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 position. 29103502 6 6 theme NO 892:893 arg1 release 895:901 NO release 892:901 NO release 892:901 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 2 7 theme gyrations 329:337 arg1 radius 319:324 radius 319:324 radius of gyrations of DDP 319:344 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 2 7 theme gyrations 329:337 arg1 weights 288:294 molecular weights 278:294 molecular weights 278:294 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 7 8 theme natural 954:960 arg1 DDP 927:929 DDP 927:929 DDP 927:929 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 7 8 theme natural 954:960 arg1 agent 981:985 a natural immune-stimulating agent 952:985 a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries 952:1061 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 5 9 theme glycosidic 722:731 arg1 linkages 733:740 the main glycosidic linkages 713:740 the main glycosidic linkages 713:740 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 position. 29103502 3 10 theme aqueous 551:557 arg1 solution 559:566 aqueous solution 551:566 aqueous solution 551:566 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 6 11 theme macrophages 870:880 arg1 release 895:901 NO release 892:901 NO release 892:901 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 6 11 theme macrophages 870:880 arg1 functions 857:865 the immune functions 846:865 the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis 846:918 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 6 11 theme macrophages 870:880 arg1 phagocytosis 907:918 phagocytosis 907:918 phagocytosis 907:918 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 3 12 theme globular 533:540 arg1 shape 542:546 a globular shape 531:546 a globular shape in aqueous solution 531:566 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 0 13 theme acetylated 59:68 arg1 polysaccharides 70:84 acetylated polysaccharides 59:84 acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum 59:111 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 3 14 theme z1/2=kMwv 458:470 arg1 values 448:453 the exponent (v) values 431:453 the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv 431:470 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 3 14 theme z1/2=kMwv 458:470 arg1 0.38 490:493 0.38 490:493 0.38 490:493 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 5 15 theme O-2 797:799 arg1 position 809:816 O-2 and O-3 position 797:816 position 809:816 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 position. 29103502 0 16 from activity 47:54 arg1 devonianum 102:111 Dendrobium devonianum 91:111 Dendrobium devonianum 91:111 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 0 17 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 1 18 theme chain 118:122 arg1 conformation 124:135 The chain conformation 114:135 The chain conformation 114:135 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 4 19 with Glc 671:673 arg1 ratio 684:688 the ratio 680:688 the ratio of 29.61:1.00 680:702 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 3 20 theme polymer 406:412 arg1 theory 423:428 the polymer solution theory 402:428 the polymer solution theory 402:428 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 7 21 theme pharmaceutical 1037:1050 arg1 industries 1052:1061 pharmaceutical industries 1037:1061 the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries 990:1061 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 2 22 theme DDP 342:344 arg1 gyrations 329:337 gyrations 329:337 gyrations of DDP 329:344 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 3 23 theme AFM 594:596 arg1 analysis 598:605 AFM analysis 594:605 AFM analysis 594:605 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 4 24 theme monosaccharide 630:643 arg1 compositions 645:656 the main monosaccharide compositions 621:656 the main monosaccharide compositions 621:656 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 4 24 theme monosaccharide 630:643 arg1 Man 663:665 Man 663:665 Man 663:665 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 3 25 theme solution 414:421 arg1 theory 423:428 the polymer solution theory 402:428 the polymer solution theory 402:428 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 6 26 theme immune 850:855 arg1 release 895:901 NO release 892:901 NO release 892:901 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 6 26 theme immune 850:855 arg1 functions 857:865 the immune functions 846:865 the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis 846:918 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 6 26 theme immune 850:855 arg1 phagocytosis 907:918 phagocytosis 907:918 phagocytosis 907:918 Notably, DDP could promote the immune functions of macrophages including NO release and phagocytosis. 29103502 4 27 theme main 625:628 arg1 compositions 645:656 the main monosaccharide compositions 621:656 the main monosaccharide compositions 621:656 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 4 27 theme main 625:628 arg1 Man 663:665 Man 663:665 Man 663:665 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 0 28 from devonianum 102:111 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 0 28 from devonianum 102:111 arg1 activity 47:54 immunomodulatory activity 30:54 immunomodulatory activity 30:54 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 0 28 from devonianum 102:111 arg1 polysaccharides 70:84 acetylated polysaccharides 59:84 acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum 59:111 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 2 29 theme molecular 278:286 arg1 radius 319:324 radius 319:324 radius of gyrations of DDP 319:344 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 2 29 theme molecular 278:286 arg1 weights 288:294 molecular weights 278:294 molecular weights 278:294 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 2 29 theme molecular 278:286 arg1 index 312:316 polydispersity index 297:316 polydispersity index 297:316 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 7 30 from agent 981:985 arg1 area 1021:1024 the health and functional food area 990:1024 area 1021:1024 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 7 30 from agent 981:985 arg1 health 994:999 the health and functional food area 990:1024 health 994:999 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 7 30 from agent 981:985 arg1 industries 1052:1061 pharmaceutical industries 1037:1061 the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries 990:1061 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 3 31 theme v 445:445 arg1 values 448:453 the exponent (v) values 431:453 the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv 431:470 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 3 31 theme v 445:445 arg1 0.38 490:493 0.38 490:493 0.38 490:493 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 5 32 theme acetyl 780:785 arg1 groups 787:792 acetyl groups 780:792 acetyl groups 780:792 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 position. 29103502 0 33 theme immunomodulatory 30:45 arg1 activity 47:54 immunomodulatory activity 30:54 immunomodulatory activity 30:54 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 5 34 theme O-3 805:807 arg1 position 809:816 O-2 and O-3 position 797:816 position 809:816 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 position. 29103502 0 35 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 0 35 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 activity 47:54 immunomodulatory activity 30:54 immunomodulatory activity 30:54 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of acetylated polysaccharides from Dendrobium devonianum. 29103502 4 36 with Man 663:665 arg1 ratio 684:688 the ratio 680:688 the ratio of 29.61:1.00 680:702 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc with the ratio of 29.61:1.00. 29103502 1 37 theme chemical 138:145 arg1 characters 147:156 chemical characters 138:156 chemical characters 138:156 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 29103502 3 38 theme exponent 435:442 arg1 values 448:453 the exponent (v) values 431:453 the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv 431:470 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 3 38 theme exponent 435:442 arg1 0.38 490:493 0.38 490:493 0.38 490:493 By applying the polymer solution theory, the exponent (v) values of z1/2=kMwv was calculated as 0.38, which revealed that DDP existed as a globular shape in aqueous solution, and further confirmed by AFM analysis. 29103502 7 39 theme functional 1005:1014 arg1 area 1021:1024 the health and functional food area 990:1024 area 1021:1024 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 7 40 theme food 1016:1019 arg1 area 1021:1024 the health and functional food area 990:1024 area 1021:1024 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 2 41 theme polydispersity 297:310 arg1 weights 288:294 molecular weights 278:294 molecular weights 278:294 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 2 41 theme polydispersity 297:310 arg1 index 312:316 polydispersity index 297:316 polydispersity index 297:316 Results showed that molecular weights, polydispersity index, radius of gyrations of DDP were 3.99×105 Da1.27, 74.1nm, respectively. 29103502 7 42 theme immune-stimulating 962:979 arg1 DDP 927:929 DDP 927:929 DDP 927:929 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 7 42 theme immune-stimulating 962:979 arg1 agent 981:985 a natural immune-stimulating agent 952:985 a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries 952:1061 Thus, DDP could be explored as a natural immune-stimulating agent in the health and functional food area as well as pharmaceutical industries. 29103502 1 43 theme immunomodulatory 162:177 arg1 activity 179:186 immunomodulatory activity 162:186 immunomodulatory activity 162:186 The chain conformation, chemical characters and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Dendrobium devonianum (DDP) were investigated. 25819220 1 0 theme soluble 255:261 arg1 polysaccharide 263:276 A water soluble polysaccharide 247:276 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) 247:282 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 1 0 theme soluble 255:261 arg1 LBP 279:281 LBP 279:281 LBP 279:281 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 3 1 with galactose 690:698 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 1 2 theme cellulose 393:401 arg1 column 403:408 DEAE cellulose column 388:408 DEAE cellulose column 388:408 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 0 3 theme Lycium 94:99 arg1 Purification 113:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 4 4 theme preliminary 764:774 arg1 features 786:793 The preliminary structure features 760:793 The preliminary structure features of LBP3b 760:802 The preliminary structure features of LBP3b were investigated by UV, FT-IR, NMR and SEM. 25819220 6 5 contain had 1003:1005 arg2 use 1017:1019 potential use 1007:1019 potential use 1007:1019 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 6 5 contain had 1003:1005 arg2 agent 1041:1045 an anti-diabetic agent 1024:1045 an anti-diabetic agent 1024:1045 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 6 5 contain had 1003:1005 arg1 LBP3b 997:1001 LBP3b 997:1001 LBP3b 997:1001 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 5 6 theme dose-dependent 952:965 arg1 manner 967:972 a dose-dependent manner 950:972 a dose-dependent manner 950:972 In vitro cell experiments showed that LBP3b had significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose in a dose-dependent manner. 25819220 3 7 with mannose 662:668 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 0 8 theme L. 110:111 arg1 Purification 113:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 3 9 theme molar 718:722 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 0 10 theme barbarum 101:108 arg1 Purification 113:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 4 11 theme structure 776:784 arg1 features 786:793 The preliminary structure features 760:793 The preliminary structure features of LBP3b 760:802 The preliminary structure features of LBP3b were investigated by UV, FT-IR, NMR and SEM. 25819220 3 12 with rhamnose 671:678 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 5 13 theme In 849:850 arg1 experiments 863:873 In vitro cell experiments 849:873 In vitro cell experiments 849:873 In vitro cell experiments showed that LBP3b had significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose in a dose-dependent manner. 25819220 1 14 theme DEAE 388:391 arg1 column 403:408 DEAE cellulose column 388:408 DEAE cellulose column 388:408 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 2 15 theme LBP3b 566:570 arg1 4.92kDa 576:582 4.92kDa 576:582 4.92kDa 576:582 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 15 theme LBP3b 566:570 arg1 Mw 559:560 Mw 559:560 Mw 559:560 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 15 theme LBP3b 566:570 arg1 weight 551:556 the average molecular weight 529:556 the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b 529:570 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 0 16 theme Biochemical 0:10 arg1 analysis 12:19 Biochemical analysis 0:19 Biochemical analysis 0:19 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 3 17 theme 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 733:757 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 5 18 theme cell 858:861 arg1 experiments 863:873 In vitro cell experiments 849:873 In vitro cell experiments 849:873 In vitro cell experiments showed that LBP3b had significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose in a dose-dependent manner. 25819220 0 19 theme hypoglycemic 25:36 arg1 activity 38:45 hypoglycemic activity 25:45 hypoglycemic activity 25:45 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 5 20 theme glucose 939:945 arg1 absorption 925:934 the absorption 921:934 the absorption of glucose 921:945 In vitro cell experiments showed that LBP3b had significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose in a dose-dependent manner. 25819220 2 21 theme average 533:539 arg1 4.92kDa 576:582 4.92kDa 576:582 4.92kDa 576:582 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 21 theme average 533:539 arg1 Mw 559:560 Mw 559:560 Mw 559:560 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 21 theme average 533:539 arg1 weight 551:556 the average molecular weight 529:556 the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b 529:570 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 0 22 from Lycium 195:200 arg1 characterization 127:142 characterization 127:142 characterization 127:142 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 22 from Lycium 195:200 arg1 activities 161:170 hypoglycemic activities 148:170 hypoglycemic activities 148:170 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 22 from Lycium 195:200 arg1 Purification 113:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 22 from Lycium 195:200 arg1 fruit 85:89 the fruit 81:89 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. 81:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 23 theme Purification 113:124 arg1 fruit 85:89 the fruit 81:89 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. 81:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 24 from fruit 85:89 arg1 Lycium 195:200 Lycium 195:200 Lycium 195:200 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 6 25 theme anti-diabetic 1027:1039 arg1 agent 1041:1045 an anti-diabetic agent 1024:1045 an anti-diabetic agent 1024:1045 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 6 25 theme anti-diabetic 1027:1039 arg1 use 1017:1019 potential use 1007:1019 potential use 1007:1019 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 2 26 theme chromatography 485:498 arg1 analysis 508:515 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis 453:515 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis 453:515 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 1 27 theme column 403:408 arg1 chromatography 370:383 chromatography 370:383 chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b 370:450 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 3 28 theme Monosaccharide 585:598 arg1 analysis 612:619 Monosaccharide composition analysis 585:619 Monosaccharide composition analysis 585:619 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 0 29 dep Lycium 195:200 arg1 L. 211:212 Lycium barbarum L. 195:212 Lycium barbarum L. 195:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 2 30 theme permeation 474:483 arg1 HPGPC 501:505 HPGPC 501:505 HPGPC 501:505 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 30 theme permeation 474:483 arg1 chromatography 485:498 high performance permeation chromatography 457:498 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis 453:515 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 1 31 theme ultrafiltration 302:316 arg1 membranes 318:326 ultrafiltration membranes 302:326 ultrafiltration membranes separation 302:337 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 0 32 theme characterization 127:142 arg1 fruit 85:89 the fruit 81:89 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. 81:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 3 33 theme composition 600:610 arg1 analysis 612:619 Monosaccharide composition analysis 585:619 Monosaccharide composition analysis 585:619 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 0 34 attach isolated 67:74 arg2 polysaccharide 52:65 a polysaccharide 50:65 a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. 50:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 34 attach isolated 67:74 arg1 fruit 85:89 the fruit 81:89 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. 81:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 35 theme polysaccharide 52:65 arg1 analysis 12:19 Biochemical analysis 0:19 Biochemical analysis 0:19 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 35 theme polysaccharide 52:65 arg1 activity 38:45 hypoglycemic activity 25:45 hypoglycemic activity 25:45 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 1 36 theme membranes 318:326 arg1 separation 328:337 ultrafiltration membranes separation 302:337 ultrafiltration membranes separation 302:337 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 0 37 theme activities 161:170 arg1 fruit 85:89 the fruit 81:89 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. 81:212 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 1 38 theme Sephadex 414:421 arg1 G-150 423:427 Sephadex G-150 414:427 Sephadex G-150 414:427 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 2 39 theme molecular 541:549 arg1 4.92kDa 576:582 4.92kDa 576:582 4.92kDa 576:582 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 39 theme molecular 541:549 arg1 Mw 559:560 Mw 559:560 Mw 559:560 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 39 theme molecular 541:549 arg1 weight 551:556 the average molecular weight 529:556 the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b 529:570 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 0 40 theme hypoglycemic 148:159 arg1 activities 161:170 hypoglycemic activities 148:170 hypoglycemic activities 148:170 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 1 41 theme G-150 423:427 arg1 chromatography 370:383 chromatography 370:383 chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b 370:450 A water soluble polysaccharide (LBP) was obtained with ultrafiltration membranes separation, which was further purified by chromatography of DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-150 to get LBP3a and LBP3b. 25819220 5 42 dep In 849:850 arg1 vitro 852:856 vitro 852:856 vitro 852:856 In vitro cell experiments showed that LBP3b had significantly inhibited the absorption of glucose in a dose-dependent manner. 25819220 3 43 with xylose 704:709 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25819220 0 44 theme polysaccharide 175:188 arg1 characterization 127:142 characterization 127:142 characterization 127:142 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 44 theme polysaccharide 175:188 arg1 activities 161:170 hypoglycemic activities 148:170 hypoglycemic activities 148:170 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 0 44 theme polysaccharide 175:188 arg1 Purification 113:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Lycium barbarum L. Purification 94:124 Biochemical analysis and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. Purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. were investigated in this study. 25819220 4 45 theme LBP3b 798:802 arg1 features 786:793 The preliminary structure features 760:793 The preliminary structure features of LBP3b 760:802 The preliminary structure features of LBP3b were investigated by UV, FT-IR, NMR and SEM. 25819220 2 46 theme high 457:460 arg1 HPGPC 501:505 HPGPC 501:505 HPGPC 501:505 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 46 theme high 457:460 arg1 chromatography 485:498 high performance permeation chromatography 457:498 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis 453:515 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 6 47 theme potential 1007:1015 arg1 agent 1041:1045 an anti-diabetic agent 1024:1045 an anti-diabetic agent 1024:1045 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 6 47 theme potential 1007:1015 arg1 use 1017:1019 potential use 1007:1019 potential use 1007:1019 The study showed that LBP3b had potential use as an anti-diabetic agent. 25819220 2 48 theme performance 462:472 arg1 HPGPC 501:505 HPGPC 501:505 HPGPC 501:505 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 2 48 theme performance 462:472 arg1 chromatography 485:498 high performance permeation chromatography 457:498 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis 453:515 The high performance permeation chromatography (HPGPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight (Mw) of LBP3b was 4.92kDa. 25819220 3 49 with glucose 681:687 arg1 ratio 724:728 a molar ratio 716:728 a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70 716:757 Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that the LBP3b was comprised of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and xylose with a molar ratio of 5.52:5.11:28.06:1.00:1.70. 25384980 6 0 theme major 1095:1099 arg1 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 0 theme major 1095:1099 arg1 molecule 1142:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 8 1 from α1-2-fucosylation 1537:1553 arg1 neurons 1578:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 8 2 with mice 1439:1442 arg1 expression 1472:1481 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 2 3 from sensitivity 329:339 arg1 firing 281:286 neuronal firing 272:286 neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 272:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 3 from sensitivity 329:339 arg1 functions 254:262 olfactory functions 244:262 olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 244:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 1 4 theme behavioral 174:183 arg1 rhythms 203:209 various behavioral and physiological rhythms 166:209 various behavioral and physiological rhythms 166:209 The circadian clock regulates various behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. 25384980 6 5 theme Ncam1 1231:1235 arg1 expression 1217:1226 the mRNA and protein expression 1196:1226 expression 1217:1226 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 1 6 theme physiological 189:201 arg1 rhythms 203:209 various behavioral and physiological rhythms 166:209 various behavioral and physiological rhythms 166:209 The circadian clock regulates various behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. 25384980 9 7 theme olfaction 1692:1700 arg1 regulation 1678:1687 the diurnal regulation 1666:1687 the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system 1666:1746 These findings suggest the possibility that the molecular clock is involved in the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system. 25384980 0 8 theme secondary 107:115 arg1 neurons 127:133 mouse secondary olfactory neurons 101:133 mouse secondary olfactory neurons 101:133 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 6 9 theme α1-2Fuc 1060:1066 arg1 glycan 1068:1073 α1-2Fuc glycan 1060:1073 α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1060:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 8 10 theme Clock 1426:1430 arg1 mice 1439:1442 homozygous Clock mutant mice 1415:1442 homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1415:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 6 11 theme protein 1209:1215 arg1 expression 1217:1226 the mRNA and protein expression 1196:1226 expression 1217:1226 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 2 12 theme Circadian 223:231 arg1 changes 233:239 Circadian changes 223:239 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 223:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 6 13 theme mRNA 1200:1203 arg1 expression 1217:1226 the mRNA and protein expression 1196:1226 expression 1217:1226 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 4 14 theme three 759:763 arg1 higher 843:848 higher 843:848 higher 843:848 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 4 14 theme three 759:763 arg1 intensity 742:750 the intensity 738:750 the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray 738:837 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 8 15 theme disrupted 1449:1457 arg1 expression 1472:1481 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 16 theme cell 64:67 arg1 molecule 78:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule 53:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 53:92 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 16 theme cell 64:67 arg1 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 1 17 theme circadian 140:148 arg1 clock 150:154 The circadian clock 136:154 The circadian clock 136:154 The circadian clock regulates various behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. 25384980 8 18 theme Fut1 1467:1470 arg1 expression 1472:1481 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 19 theme molecule 78:85 arg1 α1-2-fucosylation 32:48 daily α1-2-fucosylation 26:48 daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons 26:133 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 20 theme α1-2Fuc 909:915 arg1 glycan 917:922 α1-2Fuc glycan 909:922 α1-2Fuc glycan 909:922 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 21 theme lateral 962:968 arg1 tract 980:984 the lateral olfactory tract 958:984 the lateral olfactory tract 958:984 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 2 22 from changes 233:239 arg1 firing 281:286 neuronal firing 272:286 neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 272:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 22 from changes 233:239 arg1 functions 254:262 olfactory functions 244:262 olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 244:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 23 theme molecular 396:404 arg1 mechanisms 406:415 the underlying molecular mechanisms 381:415 the underlying molecular mechanisms 381:415 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 5 24 from located 927:933 arg1 manner 948:953 a diurnal manner 938:953 a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons 938:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 7 25 from diurnal 1332:1338 arg1 OB 1347:1348 the OB 1343:1348 the OB 1343:1348 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 8 26 theme molecular 1504:1512 arg1 clock 1514:1518 the molecular clock 1500:1518 the molecular clock 1500:1518 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 27 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 clock 10:14 Molecular clock 0:14 Molecular clock 0:14 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 28 theme diurnal 940:946 arg1 manner 948:953 a diurnal manner 938:953 a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons 938:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 7 29 theme α1-2-specific 1289:1301 arg1 Fut1 1281:1284 Fut1 1281:1284 Fut1 1281:1284 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 29 theme α1-2-specific 1289:1301 arg1 gene 1322:1325 a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene 1287:1325 a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene 1287:1325 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 8 30 theme Daily 1351:1355 arg1 fluctuation 1357:1367 Daily fluctuation 1351:1367 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan 1351:1389 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 3 31 theme glycan 470:475 arg1 structures 477:486 glycan structures 470:486 glycan structures 470:486 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 5 32 theme secondary 1017:1025 arg1 neurons 1037:1043 secondary olfactory neurons 1017:1043 secondary olfactory neurons 1017:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 8 33 theme secondary 1558:1566 arg1 neurons 1578:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 8 34 theme α1-2Fuc 1376:1382 arg1 glycan 1384:1389 the α1-2Fuc glycan 1372:1389 the α1-2Fuc glycan 1372:1389 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 3 35 theme mouse 495:499 arg1 OB 501:502 the mouse OB 491:502 the mouse OB 491:502 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 5 36 theme neurons 1037:1043 arg1 bundles 1006:1012 axon bundles 1001:1012 axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons 1001:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 7 37 theme protein 1259:1265 arg1 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 37 theme protein 1259:1265 arg1 expression 1267:1276 The mRNA and protein expression 1246:1276 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, 1246:1326 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 4 38 theme α1-2-fucose 792:802 arg1 glycan 814:819 α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan 792:819 α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan 792:819 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 2 39 theme olfactory 319:327 arg1 sensitivity 329:339 olfactory sensitivity 319:339 olfactory sensitivity 319:339 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 6 40 theme neural 1121:1126 arg1 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 40 theme neural 1121:1126 arg1 molecule 1142:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 4 41 theme α1-2Fuc 805:811 arg1 glycan 814:819 α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan 792:819 α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan 792:819 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 3 42 theme high-density 512:523 arg1 microarray 525:534 a high-density microarray 510:534 a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis 510:672 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 9 43 theme molecular 1635:1643 arg1 clock 1645:1649 the molecular clock 1631:1649 the molecular clock 1631:1649 These findings suggest the possibility that the molecular clock is involved in the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system. 25384980 6 44 theme target 1101:1106 arg1 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 44 theme target 1101:1106 arg1 molecule 1142:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 2 45 theme olfactory 295:303 arg1 OB 311:312 OB 311:312 OB 311:312 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 45 theme olfactory 295:303 arg1 bulb 305:308 the olfactory bulb 291:308 the olfactory bulb (OB) 291:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 6 46 theme diurnal 1170:1176 arg1 fashion 1178:1184 a diurnal fashion 1168:1184 a diurnal fashion 1168:1184 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 1 47 theme various 166:172 arg1 rhythms 203:209 various behavioral and physiological rhythms 166:209 various behavioral and physiological rhythms 166:209 The circadian clock regulates various behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. 25384980 9 48 theme diurnal 1670:1676 arg1 regulation 1678:1687 the diurnal regulation 1666:1687 the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system 1666:1746 These findings suggest the possibility that the molecular clock is involved in the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system. 25384980 9 49 from regulation 1678:1687 arg1 system 1741:1746 the olfactory system 1727:1746 the olfactory system 1727:1746 These findings suggest the possibility that the molecular clock is involved in the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system. 25384980 4 50 theme lectin 683:688 arg1 signals 690:696 Sixteen lectin signals 675:696 Sixteen lectin signals 675:696 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 0 51 theme olfactory 117:125 arg1 neurons 127:133 mouse secondary olfactory neurons 101:133 mouse secondary olfactory neurons 101:133 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 8 52 theme homozygous 1415:1424 arg1 mice 1439:1442 homozygous Clock mutant mice 1415:1442 homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1415:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 6 53 theme adhesion 1133:1140 arg1 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 53 theme adhesion 1133:1140 arg1 molecule 1142:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 2 54 theme olfactory 244:252 arg1 firing 281:286 neuronal firing 272:286 neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 272:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 54 theme olfactory 244:252 arg1 functions 254:262 olfactory functions 244:262 olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 244:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 5 55 theme Histochemical 872:884 arg1 analysis 886:893 Histochemical analysis 872:893 Histochemical analysis 872:893 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 8 56 theme mutant 1432:1437 arg1 mice 1439:1442 homozygous Clock mutant mice 1415:1442 homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1415:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 3 57 theme important 591:599 arg1 roles 601:605 important roles 591:605 important roles 591:605 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 9 58 theme olfactory 1731:1739 arg1 system 1741:1746 the olfactory system 1727:1746 the olfactory system 1727:1746 These findings suggest the possibility that the molecular clock is involved in the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system. 25384980 4 59 contain had 770:772 arg2 affinity 779:786 high affinity 774:786 high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan 774:819 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 4 59 contain had 770:772 arg1 three 759:763 three 759:763 three 759:763 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 2 60 theme neuronal 272:279 arg1 firing 281:286 neuronal firing 272:286 neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) 272:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 61 from firing 281:286 arg1 OB 311:312 OB 311:312 OB 311:312 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 2 61 from firing 281:286 arg1 bulb 305:308 the olfactory bulb 291:308 the olfactory bulb (OB) 291:313 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 25384980 8 62 theme diurnal 1459:1465 arg1 Fut1 1467:1470 diurnal Fut1 1459:1470 disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression 1449:1481 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 63 theme adhesion 69:76 arg1 molecule 78:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule 53:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 53:92 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 63 theme adhesion 69:76 arg1 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 3 64 theme nervous 614:620 arg1 system 622:627 the nervous system 610:627 the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis 610:672 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 6 65 gly glycoprotein 1108:1119 arg1 glycoprotein 1108:1119 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 5 66 located located 927:933 arg1 manner 948:953 a diurnal manner 938:953 a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons 938:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 66 located located 927:933 arg2 glycan 917:922 α1-2Fuc glycan 909:922 α1-2Fuc glycan 909:922 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 7 67 theme mRNA 1250:1253 arg1 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 67 theme mRNA 1250:1253 arg1 expression 1267:1276 The mRNA and protein expression 1246:1276 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, 1246:1326 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 0 68 theme mouse 101:105 arg1 neurons 127:133 mouse secondary olfactory neurons 101:133 mouse secondary olfactory neurons 101:133 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 69 theme olfactory 970:978 arg1 tract 980:984 the lateral olfactory tract 958:984 the lateral olfactory tract 958:984 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 7 70 theme fucosyltransferase 1303:1320 arg1 Fut1 1281:1284 Fut1 1281:1284 Fut1 1281:1284 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 70 theme fucosyltransferase 1303:1320 arg1 gene 1322:1325 a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene 1287:1325 a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene 1287:1325 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 4 71 theme high 774:777 arg1 affinity 779:786 high affinity 774:786 high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan 774:819 Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. 25384980 3 72 theme temporal 449:456 arg1 profiles 458:465 the temporal profiles 445:465 the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB 445:502 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 6 73 theme glycan 1068:1073 arg1 amount 1050:1055 The amount 1046:1055 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1046:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 73 theme glycan 1068:1073 arg1 glycan 1068:1073 α1-2Fuc glycan 1060:1073 α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1060:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 8 74 theme rhythmic 1528:1535 arg1 α1-2-fucosylation 1537:1553 rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation 1528:1553 rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons 1528:1584 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 75 theme daily 26:30 arg1 α1-2-fucosylation 32:48 daily α1-2-fucosylation 26:48 daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons 26:133 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 7 76 from OB 1347:1348 arg1 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 76 from OB 1347:1348 arg1 expression 1267:1276 The mRNA and protein expression 1246:1276 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, 1246:1326 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 77 theme Fut1 1281:1284 arg1 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 diurnal 1332:1338 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 7 77 theme Fut1 1281:1284 arg1 expression 1267:1276 The mRNA and protein expression 1246:1276 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, 1246:1326 The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. 25384980 8 78 gly α1-2-fucosylation 1537:1553 arg1 neurons 1578:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 3 79 theme structures 477:486 arg1 profiles 458:465 the temporal profiles 445:465 the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB 445:502 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 8 80 theme olfactory 1568:1576 arg1 neurons 1578:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 secondary olfactory neurons 1558:1584 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 3 81 theme neurite 637:643 arg1 outgrowth 645:653 neurite outgrowth 637:653 neurite outgrowth 637:653 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 3 82 from profiles 458:465 arg1 OB 501:502 the mouse OB 491:502 the mouse OB 491:502 We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. 25384980 0 83 theme neural 57:62 arg1 molecule 78:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule 53:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 53:92 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 83 theme neural 57:62 arg1 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 84 theme olfactory 1027:1035 arg1 neurons 1037:1043 secondary olfactory neurons 1017:1043 secondary olfactory neurons 1017:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 85 from manner 948:953 arg1 located 927:933 located 927:933 located 927:933 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 85 from manner 948:953 arg1 tract 980:984 the lateral olfactory tract 958:984 the lateral olfactory tract 958:984 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 86 gly α1-2-fucosylation 32:48 arg1 molecule 78:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule 53:85 the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 53:92 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 0 86 gly α1-2-fucosylation 32:48 arg1 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 NCAM 88:91 Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 6 87 theme cell 1128:1131 arg1 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 87 theme cell 1128:1131 arg1 molecule 1142:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 8 88 theme glycan 1384:1389 arg1 fluctuation 1357:1367 Daily fluctuation 1351:1367 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan 1351:1389 Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 5 89 theme axon 1001:1004 arg1 bundles 1006:1012 axon bundles 1001:1012 axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons 1001:1043 Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. 25384980 6 90 theme glycoprotein 1108:1119 arg1 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 NCAM 1152:1155 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 6 90 theme glycoprotein 1108:1119 arg1 molecule 1142:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule 1091:1149 the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 1091:1156 The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. 25384980 2 91 theme underlying 385:394 arg1 mechanisms 406:415 the underlying molecular mechanisms 381:415 the underlying molecular mechanisms 381:415 Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. 28676909 5 0 theme D7 1250:1251 arg1 walls 1258:1262 45% D7 cell walls 1246:1262 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1246:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 1 1 theme cell 277:280 arg1 composition 287:297 cell wall composition 277:297 cell wall composition 277:297 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 3 2 from UA 775:776 arg1 D2 822:823 D2 822:823 D2 822:823 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 6 3 theme internalization 1602:1616 arg1 study 1618:1622 internalization study 1602:1622 internalization study 1602:1622 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 5 4 theme secreted 1379:1386 arg1 UA 1388:1389 secreted UA 1379:1389 secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1379:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 4 5 contain contained 880:888 arg2 acid 915:918 uronic acid 908:918 uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 908:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 5 contain contained 880:888 arg1 walls 853:857 cell walls 848:857 cell walls from D2 and D3 cells 848:878 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 5 contain contained 880:888 arg2 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 890:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 6 theme similar 970:976 arg1 amounts 978:984 similar amounts 970:984 similar amounts of neutral sugar 970:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 6 theme similar 970:976 arg1 sugar 997:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 2 7 theme 7 day-old 535:543 arg1 media 551:555 7 day-old spent media 535:555 7 day-old spent media 535:555 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 5 8 theme pH 1447:1448 arg1 stabilization 1413:1425 a stabilization 1411:1425 a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1411:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 5 9 theme 45 1246:1247 arg1 % 1248:1248 % 1248:1248 % 1248:1248 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 4 10 theme cell 957:960 arg1 walls 962:966 the other analysed cell walls 938:966 twice as much as the other analysed cell walls 921:966 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 1 11 theme TBY-2 216:220 arg1 cells 222:226 TBY-2 cells 216:226 TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture 216:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 3 12 from D2 822:823 arg1 cells 811:815 cells 811:815 cells from D2 811:823 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 3 12 from D2 822:823 arg1 composition 796:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 3 12 from D2 822:823 arg1 UA 775:776 cell wall UA 765:776 cell wall UA 765:776 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 3 13 theme link 672:675 arg1 knowledge 646:654 deeper knowledge 639:654 deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition 639:748 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 0 14 theme cell 151:154 arg1 composition 161:171 cell wall composition 151:171 cell wall composition 151:171 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 5 15 from phase 1320:1324 arg1 cells 1284:1288 the cells 1280:1288 the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase 1280:1324 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 6 16 theme TBY-2 1473:1477 arg1 suspension 1484:1493 TBY-2 cell suspension 1473:1493 TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase 1473:1522 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 5 17 theme spent 1434:1438 arg1 pH 1447:1448 the spent medium pH 1430:1448 the spent medium pH 1430:1448 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 1 18 from secretion 264:272 arg1 cells 222:226 TBY-2 cells 216:226 TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture 216:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 3 19 theme cell 765:768 arg1 UA 775:776 cell wall UA 765:776 cell wall UA 765:776 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 2 20 theme UA 575:576 arg1 amounts 578:584 UA amounts 575:584 UA amounts 575:584 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 3 21 from composition 796:806 arg1 D2 822:823 D2 822:823 D2 822:823 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 4 22 theme D2 864:865 arg1 cells 874:878 D2 and D3 cells 864:878 D2 and D3 cells 864:878 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 23 theme sugar 997:1001 arg1 amounts 978:984 similar amounts 970:984 similar amounts of neutral sugar 970:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 23 theme sugar 997:1001 arg1 sugar 997:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 3 24 theme extracellular 685:697 arg1 excretion 714:722 extracellular polysaccharide excretion 685:722 extracellular polysaccharide excretion 685:722 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 0 25 theme cell 69:72 arg1 culture 85:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 4 26 theme uronic 908:913 arg1 acid 915:918 uronic acid 908:918 uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 908:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 3 27 theme neutral 782:788 arg1 composition 796:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 4 28 theme D3 871:872 arg1 cells 874:878 D2 and D3 cells 864:878 D2 and D3 cells 864:878 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 6 29 theme wall 1536:1539 arg1 remodeling 1541:1550 cell wall remodeling 1531:1550 cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study 1531:1622 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 0 30 theme culture 85:91 arg1 features 11:18 Unexpected features 0:18 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 0:172 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 4 31 dep much 930:933 arg1 as 935:936 as 935:936 as 935:936 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 5 32 from decrease 1367:1374 arg1 UA 1388:1389 secreted UA 1379:1389 secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1379:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 5 33 theme growth 1313:1318 arg1 phase 1320:1324 the mid-exponential growth phase 1293:1324 the mid-exponential growth phase 1293:1324 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 4 34 theme cells 1063:1067 arg1 end 1038:1040 end 1038:1040 end of exponential phase cells 1038:1067 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 2 35 dep dilution 373:380 arg1 end 383:385 end 383:385 end of lag phase 383:398 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 3 36 theme cell 728:731 arg1 composition 738:748 cell wall composition 728:748 cell wall composition 728:748 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 3 37 theme cells 811:815 arg1 composition 796:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 3 37 theme cells 811:815 arg1 UA 775:776 cell wall UA 765:776 cell wall UA 765:776 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 4 38 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 sugar 997:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 38 located detected 1008:1015 arg2 amounts 978:984 similar amounts 970:984 similar amounts of neutral sugar 970:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 38 located detected 1008:1015 arg1 cells 1020:1024 cells 1020:1024 cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells 1020:1067 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 6 39 theme stationary 1507:1516 arg1 phase 1518:1522 stationary phase 1507:1522 stationary phase 1507:1522 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 0 40 theme excreted 108:115 arg1 polysaccharides 131:145 excreted extracellular polysaccharides 108:145 excreted extracellular polysaccharides 108:145 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 0 41 theme suspension 74:83 arg1 culture 85:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 2 42 theme lag 390:392 arg1 phase 394:398 lag phase 390:398 lag phase 390:398 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 0 43 theme Unexpected 0:9 arg1 features 11:18 Unexpected features 0:18 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 0:172 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 3 44 theme D12 828:830 arg1 cultures 832:839 D12 cultures 828:839 D12 cultures 828:839 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 4 45 theme acid 915:918 arg1 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 890:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 45 theme acid 915:918 arg1 acid 915:918 uronic acid 908:918 uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 908:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 6 46 theme drug 1581:1584 arg1 interaction 1586:1596 drug interaction 1581:1596 drug interaction 1581:1596 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 4 47 theme exponential 1045:1055 arg1 cells 1063:1067 exponential phase cells 1045:1067 exponential phase cells 1045:1067 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 2 48 dep 2 days 360:365 arg1 linked 460:465 linked 460:465 linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 460:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 48 dep 2 days 360:365 arg1 observed 447:454 observed 447:454 observed 447:454 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 5 49 theme composition 1149:1159 arg1 analysis 1161:1168 monosaccharide composition analysis 1134:1168 monosaccharide composition analysis 1134:1168 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 2 50 theme unit 408:411 arg1 decrease 416:423 a two unit pH decrease 402:423 a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 402:441 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 1 51 theme suspension 311:320 arg1 culture 322:328 cell suspension culture 306:328 cell suspension culture 306:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 2 52 dep UA 611:612 arg1 % 609:609 % 609:609 % 609:609 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 0 53 theme growing 37:43 arg1 culture 85:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 4 54 from lag 1031:1033 arg1 cells 1020:1024 cells 1020:1024 cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells 1020:1067 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 55 theme large 892:896 arg1 amount 898:903 a large amount 890:903 a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 890:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 55 theme large 892:896 arg1 acid 915:918 uronic acid 908:918 uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls) 908:967 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 0 56 theme Bright 53:58 arg1 culture 85:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 4 57 from network 1099:1105 arg1 cultures 1116:1123 young cultures 1110:1123 young cultures 1110:1123 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 58 theme pectin 1092:1097 arg1 network 1099:1105 an enriched pectin network 1080:1105 an enriched pectin network in young cultures 1080:1123 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 5 59 theme cell 1228:1231 arg1 wall 1233:1236 D3 cell wall 1225:1236 D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1225:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 2 60 theme cells 348:352 arg1 medium 338:343 the medium 334:343 the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 334:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 4 61 theme analysed 948:955 arg1 walls 962:966 the other analysed cell walls 938:966 twice as much as the other analysed cell walls 921:966 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 5 62 theme pectins 1206:1212 arg1 percentage 1192:1201 an estimated percentage 1179:1201 an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1179:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 1 63 theme polysaccharides 248:262 arg1 secretion 264:272 extracellular polysaccharides secretion 234:272 extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture 234:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 5 64 theme cell 1253:1256 arg1 walls 1258:1262 45% D7 cell walls 1246:1262 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1246:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 1 65 theme wall 282:285 arg1 composition 287:297 cell wall composition 277:297 cell wall composition 277:297 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 2 66 theme while 519:523 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 66 theme while 519:523 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 4 67 dep acid 915:918 arg1 twice 921:925 twice 921:925 twice 921:925 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 67 dep acid 915:918 arg1 walls 962:966 the other analysed cell walls 938:966 twice as much as the other analysed cell walls 921:966 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 5 68 attach linked 1355:1360 arg2 wall 1350:1353 their cell wall 1339:1353 their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1339:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 5 68 attach linked 1355:1360 arg1 decrease 1367:1374 a decrease 1365:1374 a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1365:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 2 69 theme spent 545:549 arg1 media 551:555 7 day-old spent media 535:555 7 day-old spent media 535:555 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 4 70 theme neutral 989:995 arg1 sugar 997:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 neutral sugar 989:1001 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 5 71 theme medium 1440:1445 arg1 pH 1447:1448 the spent medium pH 1430:1448 the spent medium pH 1430:1448 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 1 72 theme new 198:200 arg1 insight 202:208 a new insight 196:208 a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture 196:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 6 73 theme cell 1531:1534 arg1 remodeling 1541:1550 cell wall remodeling 1531:1550 cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study 1531:1622 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 5 74 theme % 1248:1248 arg1 walls 1258:1262 45% D7 cell walls 1246:1262 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1246:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 2 75 theme amount 494:499 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 75 theme amount 494:499 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 3 76 theme deeper 639:644 arg1 knowledge 646:654 deeper knowledge 639:654 deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition 639:748 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 0 77 theme wall 156:159 arg1 composition 161:171 cell wall composition 151:171 cell wall composition 151:171 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 2 78 theme UA 490:491 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 78 theme UA 490:491 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 6 79 theme cell 1479:1482 arg1 suspension 1484:1493 TBY-2 cell suspension 1473:1493 TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase 1473:1522 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 5 80 theme cell 1345:1348 arg1 wall 1350:1353 their cell wall 1339:1353 their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1339:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 3 81 theme putative 663:670 arg1 link 672:675 the putative link 659:675 the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition 659:748 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 3 82 theme wall 770:773 arg1 UA 775:776 cell wall UA 765:776 cell wall UA 765:776 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 2 83 theme uronic 477:482 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 83 theme uronic 477:482 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 6 84 from lag 1500:1502 arg1 suspension 1484:1493 TBY-2 cell suspension 1473:1493 TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase 1473:1522 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 3 85 theme polysaccharide 699:712 arg1 excretion 714:722 extracellular polysaccharide excretion 685:722 extracellular polysaccharide excretion 685:722 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 2 86 dep 3.45 438:441 arg1 to 435:436 to 435:436 to 435:436 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 87 attach linked 460:465 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 87 attach linked 460:465 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 87 attach linked 460:465 arg2 decrease 416:423 a two unit pH decrease 402:423 a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 402:441 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 3 88 theme sugar 790:794 arg1 composition 796:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 neutral sugar composition 782:806 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 6 89 from interest 1569:1576 arg1 study 1618:1622 internalization study 1602:1622 internalization study 1602:1622 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 6 89 from interest 1569:1576 arg1 interaction 1586:1596 drug interaction 1581:1596 drug interaction 1581:1596 In conclusion, TBY-2 cell suspension from lag to stationary phase showed cell wall remodeling that could be of interest in drug interaction and internalization study. 28676909 0 90 from features 11:18 arg1 relation 96:103 relation 96:103 relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition 96:171 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 5 91 theme mid-exponential 1297:1311 arg1 phase 1320:1324 the mid-exponential growth phase 1293:1324 the mid-exponential growth phase 1293:1324 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 2 92 theme acid 484:487 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 92 theme acid 484:487 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 93 from 3.45 438:441 arg1 decrease 416:423 a two unit pH decrease 402:423 a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 402:441 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 4 94 theme enriched 1083:1090 arg1 network 1099:1105 an enriched pectin network 1080:1105 an enriched pectin network in young cultures 1080:1123 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 3 95 theme wall 733:736 arg1 composition 738:748 cell wall composition 728:748 cell wall composition 728:748 To attain deeper knowledge of the putative link between extracellular polysaccharide excretion and cell wall composition, we determined cell wall UA and neutral sugar composition of cells from D2 to D12 cultures. 28676909 0 96 theme extracellular 117:129 arg1 polysaccharides 131:145 excreted extracellular polysaccharides 108:145 excreted extracellular polysaccharides 108:145 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 2 97 theme high 472:475 arg1 secretion 501:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion 470:509 a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while 470:523 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 97 theme high 472:475 arg1 % 516:516 47.8% 512:516 47.8% 512:516 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 5 98 theme estimated 1182:1190 arg1 percentage 1192:1201 an estimated percentage 1179:1201 an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1179:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 2 99 theme phase 394:398 arg1 end 383:385 end 383:385 end of lag phase 383:398 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 4 100 theme phase 1057:1061 arg1 cells 1063:1067 exponential phase cells 1045:1067 exponential phase cells 1045:1067 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 5 101 theme monosaccharide 1134:1147 arg1 analysis 1161:1168 monosaccharide composition analysis 1134:1168 monosaccharide composition analysis 1134:1168 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 1 102 theme cell 306:309 arg1 culture 322:328 cell suspension culture 306:328 cell suspension culture 306:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 2 103 theme pH 413:414 arg1 decrease 416:423 a two unit pH decrease 402:423 a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 402:441 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 0 104 theme Tobacco 45:51 arg1 culture 85:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 2 105 dep % 609:609 arg1 42.3 605:608 42.3 605:608 42.3 605:608 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 2 105 dep % 609:609 arg1 35.6 596:599 35.6 596:599 35.6 596:599 In the medium of cells taken 2 days after dilution (end of lag phase), a two unit pH decrease from 5.38 to 3.45 was observed and linked to a high uronic acid (UA) amount secretion (47.8%) while, in 4 and 7 day-old spent media, pH increased and UA amounts decreased 35.6 and 42.3% UA, respectively. 28676909 5 106 theme % 1219:1219 arg1 pectins 1206:1212 pectins 1206:1212 pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1206:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 4 107 theme cell 848:851 arg1 walls 853:857 cell walls 848:857 cell walls from D2 and D3 cells 848:878 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 0 108 theme Yellow-2 60:67 arg1 culture 85:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture 23:91 Unexpected features of exponentially growing Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cell suspension culture in relation to excreted extracellular polysaccharides and cell wall composition. 28676909 5 109 theme D3 1225:1226 arg1 wall 1233:1236 D3 cell wall 1225:1236 D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4 1225:1455 Indeed, monosaccharide composition analysis leads to an estimated percentage of pectins of 56% for D3 cell wall against 45% D7 cell walls indicating that the cells at the mid-exponential growth phase re-organized their cell wall linked to a decrease in secreted UA that finally led to a stabilization of the spent medium pH to 5.4. 28676909 4 110 from cells 874:878 arg1 walls 853:857 cell walls 848:857 cell walls from D2 and D3 cells 848:878 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 4 111 theme young 1110:1114 arg1 cultures 1116:1123 young cultures 1110:1123 young cultures 1110:1123 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 28676909 1 112 theme extracellular 234:246 arg1 secretion 264:272 extracellular polysaccharides secretion 234:272 extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture 234:328 This article presents a new insight about TBY-2 cells; from extracellular polysaccharides secretion to cell wall composition during cell suspension culture. 28676909 4 113 theme other 942:946 arg1 walls 962:966 the other analysed cell walls 938:966 twice as much as the other analysed cell walls 921:966 While cell walls from D2 and D3 cells contained a large amount of uronic acid (twice as much as the other analysed cell walls), similar amounts of neutral sugar were detected in cells from lag to end of exponential phase cells suggesting an enriched pectin network in young cultures. 29202246 0 0 theme Type 84:87 arg1 Properties 39:48 Its Properties 35:48 Its Properties 35:48 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 0 0 theme Type 84:87 arg1 Inhibitor 97:105 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 8 1 theme HIV-1 1148:1152 arg1 infection 1154:1162 HIV-1 infection 1148:1162 HIV-1 infection of primary human cells 1148:1185 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 9 2 contain containing 1376:1385 arg2 disaccharide 1403:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide 1387:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1387:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 2 contain containing 1376:1385 arg1 RANTES 1369:1374 a truncated RANTES 1357:1374 a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1357:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 2 contain containing 1376:1385 arg1 variant 1348:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 3 theme inflammatory 1545:1556 arg1 properties 1558:1567 weak inflammatory properties 1540:1567 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 4 contain have 1262:1265 arg1 variants 1253:1260 the glycosylated variants 1236:1260 the glycosylated variants 1236:1260 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 4 contain have 1262:1265 arg1 most 1228:1231 most 1228:1231 most 1228:1231 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 4 contain have 1262:1265 arg2 properties 1301:1310 decreased inflammation-associated properties 1267:1310 decreased inflammation-associated properties 1267:1310 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 0 5 theme Virus 78:82 arg1 Type 84:87 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 55:89 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 11 6 theme HIV-1 1820:1824 arg1 infection 1826:1834 HIV-1 infection 1820:1834 HIV-1 infection 1820:1834 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 11 7 theme potential 1715:1723 arg1 importance 1725:1734 the potential importance 1711:1734 the potential importance of glycosylation 1711:1751 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 11 7 theme potential 1715:1723 arg1 strategy 1771:1778 an alternative strategy 1756:1778 an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1756:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 0 8 theme Entry 91:95 arg1 Properties 39:48 Its Properties 35:48 Its Properties 35:48 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 0 8 theme Entry 91:95 arg1 Inhibitor 97:105 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 11 9 theme CCR5 1795:1798 arg1 inhibitors 1800:1809 CCR5 inhibitors 1795:1809 CCR5 inhibitors 1795:1809 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 7 10 theme modified 959:966 arg1 RANTES 968:973 post-translationally modified RANTES 938:973 post-translationally modified RANTES 938:973 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 9 11 theme inflammation-associated 1277:1299 arg1 properties 1301:1310 decreased inflammation-associated properties 1267:1310 decreased inflammation-associated properties 1267:1310 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 2 12 theme slowed 279:284 arg1 expansion 286:294 significantly slowed expansion 265:294 significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics 265:318 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 8 13 theme human 1175:1179 arg1 cells 1181:1185 primary human cells 1167:1185 primary human cells 1167:1185 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 9 14 theme HIV-1 1506:1510 arg1 potency 1523:1529 relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency 1490:1529 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 3 15 theme better 521:526 arg1 therapeutics 536:547 better protein therapeutics 521:547 better protein therapeutics 521:547 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 3 16 theme significant 424:434 arg1 gaps 446:449 significant knowledge gaps 424:449 significant knowledge gaps 424:449 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 4 17 theme cytokine 640:647 arg1 PTMs 597:600 the PTMs 593:600 the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES 593:655 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 8 18 theme primary 1167:1173 arg1 cells 1181:1185 primary human cells 1167:1185 primary human cells 1167:1185 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 9 19 theme glyco 1342:1346 arg1 RANTES 1369:1374 a truncated RANTES 1357:1374 a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1357:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 19 theme glyco 1342:1346 arg1 variant 1348:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 3 20 theme protein 528:534 arg1 therapeutics 536:547 better protein therapeutics 521:547 better protein therapeutics 521:547 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 9 21 theme Galβ1-3GalNAc 1389:1401 arg1 disaccharide 1403:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide 1387:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1387:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 4 22 theme chemotactic 628:638 arg1 cytokine 640:647 a small representative chemotactic cytokine 605:647 a small representative chemotactic cytokine 605:647 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 4 22 theme chemotactic 628:638 arg1 RANTES 650:655 RANTES 650:655 RANTES 650:655 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 3 23 theme protein 389:395 arg1 properties 397:406 protein properties 389:406 protein properties 389:406 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 6 24 theme side 859:862 arg1 effects 864:870 severe inflammatory side effects 839:870 severe inflammatory side effects 839:870 Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. 29202246 9 25 theme particular 1331:1340 arg1 RANTES 1369:1374 a truncated RANTES 1357:1374 a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1357:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 25 theme particular 1331:1340 arg1 variant 1348:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 1 26 theme therapeutic 166:176 arg1 agents 178:183 therapeutic agents 166:183 therapeutic agents 166:183 Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. 29202246 8 27 theme cells 1181:1185 arg1 infection 1154:1162 HIV-1 infection 1148:1162 HIV-1 infection of primary human cells 1148:1185 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 2 28 contain have 260:263 arg1 effects 200:206 side effects 195:206 side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins 195:258 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 2 28 contain have 260:263 arg2 expansion 286:294 significantly slowed expansion 265:294 significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics 265:318 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 11 29 theme glycosylation 1739:1751 arg1 importance 1725:1734 the potential importance 1711:1734 the potential importance of glycosylation 1711:1751 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 11 29 theme glycosylation 1739:1751 arg1 strategy 1771:1778 an alternative strategy 1756:1778 an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1756:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 9 30 link α-linked 1416:1423 arg1 disaccharide 1403:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide 1387:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1387:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 2 31 theme therapeutics 307:318 arg1 expansion 286:294 significantly slowed expansion 265:294 significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics 265:318 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 3 32 theme knowledge 436:444 arg1 gaps 446:449 significant knowledge gaps 424:449 significant knowledge gaps 424:449 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 5 33 theme HIV-1 677:681 arg1 infection 683:691 HIV-1 infection 677:691 HIV-1 infection 677:691 RANTES can inhibit HIV-1 infection by competing with it for binding to receptor CCR5 and stimulating CCR5 endocytosis. 29202246 10 34 theme RANTES 1666:1671 arg1 properties 1652:1661 the properties 1648:1661 the properties of RANTES 1648:1671 Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. 29202246 2 35 theme protein 299:305 arg1 therapeutics 307:318 protein therapeutics 299:318 protein therapeutics 299:318 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 0 36 theme RANTES 19:24 arg1 O-GalNAcylation 0:14 O-GalNAcylation 0:14 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES 0:24 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 9 37 theme truncated 1359:1367 arg1 RANTES 1369:1374 a truncated RANTES 1357:1374 a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1357:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 37 theme truncated 1359:1367 arg1 variant 1348:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 one particular glyco variant 1327:1354 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 8 38 theme RANTES 1068:1073 arg1 isoforms 1075:1082 RANTES isoforms 1068:1082 RANTES isoforms 1068:1082 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 6 39 theme inflammatory 846:857 arg1 effects 864:870 severe inflammatory side effects 839:870 severe inflammatory side effects 839:870 Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. 29202246 9 40 gly glycosylated 1240:1251 arg1 variants 1253:1260 the glycosylated variants 1236:1260 the glycosylated variants 1236:1260 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 41 theme inhibition 1512:1521 arg1 potency 1523:1529 relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency 1490:1529 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 11 42 theme eliminating 1873:1883 arg1 properties 1894:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties 1861:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1861:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 6 43 theme severe 839:844 arg1 effects 864:870 severe inflammatory side effects 839:870 severe inflammatory side effects 839:870 Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. 29202246 2 44 theme direct 218:223 arg1 administration 225:238 direct administration 218:238 direct administration of natural proteins 218:258 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 9 45 theme overall 1470:1476 arg1 properties 1478:1487 the best overall properties 1461:1487 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 4 46 theme representative 613:626 arg1 cytokine 640:647 a small representative chemotactic cytokine 605:647 a small representative chemotactic cytokine 605:647 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 4 46 theme representative 613:626 arg1 RANTES 650:655 RANTES 650:655 RANTES 650:655 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 5 47 theme CCR5 759:762 arg1 endocytosis 764:774 CCR5 endocytosis 759:774 CCR5 endocytosis 759:774 RANTES can inhibit HIV-1 infection by competing with it for binding to receptor CCR5 and stimulating CCR5 endocytosis. 29202246 9 48 theme high 1501:1504 arg1 potency 1523:1529 relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency 1490:1529 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 7 49 theme infection 1003:1011 arg1 inhibitors 983:992 safe inhibitors 978:992 safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection 978:1011 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 4 50 theme small 607:611 arg1 cytokine 640:647 a small representative chemotactic cytokine 605:647 a small representative chemotactic cytokine 605:647 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 4 50 theme small 607:611 arg1 RANTES 650:655 RANTES 650:655 RANTES 650:655 Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. 29202246 10 51 theme structural 1603:1612 arg1 basis 1614:1618 a structural basis 1601:1618 a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES 1601:1671 Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. 29202246 3 52 theme Post-translational 337:354 arg1 PTMs 371:374 PTMs 371:374 PTMs 371:374 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 3 52 theme Post-translational 337:354 arg1 modifications 356:368 Post-translational modifications 337:368 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) 337:375 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. 29202246 1 53 theme Many 108:111 arg1 proteins 119:126 Many human proteins 108:126 Many human proteins 108:126 Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. 29202246 9 54 theme glycosylated 1240:1251 arg1 variants 1253:1260 the glycosylated variants 1236:1260 the glycosylated variants 1236:1260 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 8 55 theme isoforms 1075:1082 arg1 library 1057:1063 a library 1055:1063 a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells 1055:1185 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 2 56 theme side 195:198 arg1 effects 200:206 side effects 195:206 side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins 195:258 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 1 57 theme human 113:117 arg1 proteins 119:126 Many human proteins 108:126 Many human proteins 108:126 Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. 29202246 7 58 theme chemical 884:891 arg1 approach 901:908 a chemical biology approach 882:908 a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection 882:1011 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 11 59 theme unwanted 1885:1892 arg1 properties 1894:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties 1861:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1861:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 8 60 theme inflammatory 1113:1124 arg1 signaling 1126:1134 inflammatory signaling 1113:1134 inflammatory signaling 1113:1134 We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. 29202246 2 61 theme proteins 251:258 arg1 administration 225:238 direct administration 218:238 direct administration of natural proteins 218:258 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 5 62 theme receptor 729:736 arg1 CCR5 738:741 receptor CCR5 729:741 receptor CCR5 729:741 RANTES can inhibit HIV-1 infection by competing with it for binding to receptor CCR5 and stimulating CCR5 endocytosis. 29202246 11 63 theme reducing 1861:1868 arg1 properties 1894:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties 1861:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1861:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 7 64 theme biology 893:899 arg1 approach 901:908 a chemical biology approach 882:908 a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection 882:1011 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 9 65 theme α-linked 1416:1423 arg1 disaccharide 1403:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide 1387:1414 a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1387:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 7 66 theme HIV-1 997:1001 arg1 infection 1003:1011 HIV-1 infection 997:1011 HIV-1 infection 997:1011 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 6 67 theme strong 810:815 arg1 signaling 817:825 strong signaling 810:825 strong signaling 810:825 Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. 29202246 2 68 theme natural 243:249 arg1 proteins 251:258 natural proteins 243:258 natural proteins 243:258 However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. 29202246 7 69 theme safe 978:981 arg1 inhibitors 983:992 safe inhibitors 978:992 safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection 978:1011 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 11 70 theme proteins 1920:1927 arg1 properties 1894:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties 1861:1903 reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1861:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 0 71 theme Immunodeficiency 61:76 arg1 Type 84:87 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 55:89 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 9 72 theme decreased 1267:1275 arg1 properties 1301:1310 decreased inflammation-associated properties 1267:1310 decreased inflammation-associated properties 1267:1310 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 73 dep properties 1478:1487 arg1 potency 1523:1529 relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency 1490:1529 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 9 73 dep properties 1478:1487 arg1 properties 1558:1567 weak inflammatory properties 1540:1567 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29202246 11 74 theme therapeutic 1908:1918 arg1 proteins 1920:1927 therapeutic proteins 1908:1927 therapeutic proteins 1908:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 10 75 from changes 1637:1643 arg1 properties 1652:1661 the properties 1648:1661 the properties of RANTES 1648:1671 Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. 29202246 11 76 theme alternative 1759:1769 arg1 importance 1725:1734 the potential importance 1711:1734 the potential importance of glycosylation 1711:1751 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 11 76 theme alternative 1759:1769 arg1 strategy 1771:1778 an alternative strategy 1756:1778 an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins 1756:1927 Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins. 29202246 0 77 theme Human 55:59 arg1 Type 84:87 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 55:89 a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor 53:105 O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. 29202246 1 78 contain have 128:131 arg1 proteins 119:126 Many human proteins 108:126 Many human proteins 108:126 Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. 29202246 1 78 contain have 128:131 arg2 potential 137:145 the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents 133:183 the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents 133:183 Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. 29202246 10 79 theme observed 1628:1635 arg1 changes 1637:1643 the observed changes 1624:1643 the observed changes in the properties of RANTES 1624:1671 Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. 29202246 7 80 theme RANTES 968:973 arg1 potential 925:933 the potential 921:933 the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection 921:1011 We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. 29202246 9 81 theme weak 1540:1543 arg1 properties 1558:1567 weak inflammatory properties 1540:1567 the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties 1461:1567 Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. 29352879 0 0 theme Sargassum 85:93 arg1 thunbergii 95:104 Sargassum thunbergii 85:104 Sargassum thunbergii 85:104 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 6 1 theme acids 911:915 arg1 concentrations 869:882 The concentrations 865:882 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 865:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 2 theme chain 899:903 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 2 theme chain 899:903 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 0 3 from characterization 11:26 arg1 microbiota 128:137 gut microbiota 124:137 gut microbiota 124:137 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 3 from characterization 11:26 arg1 thunbergii 95:104 Sargassum thunbergii 85:104 Sargassum thunbergii 85:104 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 4 4 theme colonic 754:760 arg1 microbiota 762:771 colonic microbiota 754:771 colonic microbiota 754:771 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 5 5 theme fecal 794:798 arg1 culture 800:806 the fecal culture 790:806 the fecal culture 790:806 The pH value in the fecal culture significantly decreased from 6.09 ± 0.11 to 4.70 ± 0.04. 29352879 1 6 theme novel 245:249 arg1 polysaccharide 251:264 a novel polysaccharide 243:264 a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota 243:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 3 7 dep -β-D-Xylp 652:660 arg1 1 → 3 646:650 1 → 3 646:650 1 → 3 646:650 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 1 8 theme polysaccharide 251:264 arg1 fermentation 227:238 in vitro fermentation 218:238 in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota 218:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 1 8 theme polysaccharide 251:264 arg1 characteristic 199:212 structural characteristic 188:212 structural characteristic 188:212 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 2 9 with homogeneous 408:418 arg1 weight 435:440 molecular weight 425:440 molecular weight of 48,788 Da 425:453 The results showed that ST-P2 was homogeneous with molecular weight of 48,788 Da, and consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. 29352879 5 10 from value 781:785 arg1 culture 800:806 the fecal culture 790:806 the fecal culture 790:806 The pH value in the fecal culture significantly decreased from 6.09 ± 0.11 to 4.70 ± 0.04. 29352879 7 11 dep composition 1050:1060 arg1 the 1046:1048 the 1046:1048 the 1046:1048 ST-P2 could remarkably modulate the composition and abundance of beneficial microbiota. 29352879 6 12 theme short 893:897 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 12 theme short 893:897 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 0 13 theme impact 114:119 arg1 fermentation 41:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 13 theme impact 114:119 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 1 14 theme human 348:352 arg1 microbiota 362:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 1 15 theme present 155:161 arg1 study 163:167 the present study 151:167 the present study 151:167 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 0 16 from fermentation 41:52 arg1 microbiota 128:137 gut microbiota 124:137 gut microbiota 124:137 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 16 from fermentation 41:52 arg1 thunbergii 95:104 Sargassum thunbergii 85:104 Sargassum thunbergii 85:104 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 1 17 from thunbergii 293:302 arg1 ST-P2 272:276 ST-P2 272:276 ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums 272:327 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 1 17 from thunbergii 293:302 arg1 impact 338:343 its impact 334:343 its impact on human colonic microbiota 334:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 1 18 theme study 163:167 arg1 aim 144:146 The aim 140:146 The aim of the present study 140:167 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 7 19 theme microbiota 1090:1099 arg1 abundance 1066:1074 abundance 1066:1074 abundance 1066:1074 ST-P2 could remarkably modulate the composition and abundance of beneficial microbiota. 29352879 7 19 theme microbiota 1090:1099 arg1 composition 1050:1060 composition 1050:1060 composition 1050:1060 ST-P2 could remarkably modulate the composition and abundance of beneficial microbiota. 29352879 1 20 from ST-P2 272:276 arg1 microbiota 362:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 3 21 theme linkage 534:540 arg1 -α-D-Glcp 630:638 (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp 623:638 (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp 623:638 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 21 theme linkage 534:540 arg1 -β-D-Galp 612:620 (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp 603:620 (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp 603:620 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 21 theme linkage 534:540 arg1 -α-L-Manp 592:600 (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp 585:600 (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp 585:600 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 21 theme linkage 534:540 arg1 types 542:546 The main linkage types 525:546 The main linkage types 525:546 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 21 theme linkage 534:540 arg1 -α-L-Araf 574:582 (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf 567:582 (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf 567:582 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 21 theme linkage 534:540 arg1 -β-D-Xylp 652:660 (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp 645:660 (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp 645:660 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 0 22 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 6 23 theme total 887:891 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 23 theme total 887:891 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 8 24 theme functional 1158:1167 arg1 food 1169:1172 a functional food 1156:1172 a functional food aimed at promoting the gut health 1156:1206 These results suggest that ST-P2 could potentially be a functional food aimed at promoting the gut health. 29352879 8 24 theme functional 1158:1167 arg1 ST-P2 1129:1133 ST-P2 1129:1133 ST-P2 1129:1133 These results suggest that ST-P2 could potentially be a functional food aimed at promoting the gut health. 29352879 3 25 theme 1 → 3,6 604:610 arg1 -β-D-Galp 612:620 (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp 603:620 (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp 603:620 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 25 theme 1 → 3,6 604:610 arg1 types 542:546 The main linkage types 525:546 The main linkage types 525:546 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 5 26 theme pH 778:779 arg1 value 781:785 The pH value 774:785 The pH value in the fecal culture 774:806 The pH value in the fecal culture significantly decreased from 6.09 ± 0.11 to 4.70 ± 0.04. 29352879 0 27 theme in 32:33 arg1 fermentation 41:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 28 theme gut 124:126 arg1 microbiota 128:137 gut microbiota 124:137 gut microbiota 124:137 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 6 29 theme n-valeric 951:959 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 29 theme n-valeric 951:959 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 7 30 theme beneficial 1079:1088 arg1 microbiota 1090:1099 beneficial microbiota 1079:1099 beneficial microbiota 1079:1099 ST-P2 could remarkably modulate the composition and abundance of beneficial microbiota. 29352879 1 31 theme Sargassum 283:291 arg1 thunbergii 293:302 Sargassum thunbergii 283:302 Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums 283:327 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 3 32 theme main 529:532 arg1 -α-D-Glcp 630:638 (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp 623:638 (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp 623:638 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 32 theme main 529:532 arg1 -β-D-Galp 612:620 (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp 603:620 (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp 603:620 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 32 theme main 529:532 arg1 -α-L-Manp 592:600 (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp 585:600 (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp 585:600 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 32 theme main 529:532 arg1 types 542:546 The main linkage types 525:546 The main linkage types 525:546 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 32 theme main 529:532 arg1 -α-L-Araf 574:582 (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf 567:582 (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf 567:582 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 3 32 theme main 529:532 arg1 -β-D-Xylp 652:660 (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp 645:660 (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp 645:660 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 1 33 theme structural 188:197 arg1 characteristic 199:212 structural characteristic 188:212 structural characteristic 188:212 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 6 34 theme n-butyric 937:945 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 34 theme n-butyric 937:945 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 3 35 dep -α-L-Araf 574:582 arg1 1 → 5 568:572 1 → 5 568:572 1 → 5 568:572 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 1 36 from impact 338:343 arg1 microbiota 362:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 6 37 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 37 theme fatty 905:909 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 0 38 from polysaccharide 65:78 arg1 microbiota 128:137 gut microbiota 124:137 gut microbiota 124:137 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 2 39 theme molecular 425:433 arg1 weight 435:440 molecular weight 425:440 molecular weight of 48,788 Da 425:453 The results showed that ST-P2 was homogeneous with molecular weight of 48,788 Da, and consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. 29352879 1 40 theme human 307:311 arg1 inoculums 319:327 human fecal inoculums 307:327 human fecal inoculums 307:327 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 4 41 theme carbohydrate 725:736 arg1 % 714:714 67.83 ± 1.15% 702:714 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate 702:736 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 4 41 theme carbohydrate 725:736 arg1 carbohydrate 725:736 total carbohydrate 719:736 total carbohydrate 719:736 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 1 42 theme colonic 354:360 arg1 microbiota 362:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 human colonic microbiota 348:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 2 43 theme 48,788 Da 445:453 arg1 weight 435:440 molecular weight 425:440 molecular weight of 48,788 Da 425:453 The results showed that ST-P2 was homogeneous with molecular weight of 48,788 Da, and consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. 29352879 1 44 theme fecal 313:317 arg1 inoculums 319:327 human fecal inoculums 307:327 human fecal inoculums 307:327 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 0 45 from impact 114:119 arg1 microbiota 128:137 gut microbiota 124:137 gut microbiota 124:137 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 4 46 theme total 719:723 arg1 carbohydrate 725:736 total carbohydrate 719:736 total carbohydrate 719:736 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 1 47 dep in 218:219 arg1 vitro 221:225 vitro 221:225 vitro 221:225 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 4 48 used utilized 742:749 arg2 carbohydrate 725:736 total carbohydrate 719:736 total carbohydrate 719:736 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 4 48 used utilized 742:749 arg2 % 714:714 67.83 ± 1.15% 702:714 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate 702:736 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 8 49 theme gut 1197:1199 arg1 health 1201:1206 the gut health 1193:1206 the gut health 1193:1206 These results suggest that ST-P2 could potentially be a functional food aimed at promoting the gut health. 29352879 0 50 dep in 32:33 arg1 vitro 35:39 vitro 35:39 vitro 35:39 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 1 51 theme in 218:219 arg1 fermentation 227:238 in vitro fermentation 218:238 in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota 218:371 The aim of the present study was to investigate structural characteristic and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide named ST-P2 from Sargassum thunbergii by human fecal inoculums, and its impact on human colonic microbiota. 29352879 4 52 theme 48 h 683:686 arg1 fermentation 688:699 48 h fermentation 683:699 48 h fermentation 683:699 After 48 h fermentation, 67.83 ± 1.15% of total carbohydrate was utilized by colonic microbiota. 29352879 0 53 from microbiota 128:137 arg1 fermentation 41:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 53 from microbiota 128:137 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 54 theme polysaccharide 65:78 arg1 fermentation 41:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 54 theme polysaccharide 65:78 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 55 from thunbergii 95:104 arg1 fermentation 41:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 in vitro fermentation 32:52 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 55 from thunbergii 95:104 arg1 impact 114:119 its impact 110:119 its impact on gut microbiota 110:137 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 55 from thunbergii 95:104 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 0 55 from thunbergii 95:104 arg1 polysaccharide 65:78 a novel polysaccharide 57:78 a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii 57:104 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 5 56 dep 4.70 ± 0.04 852:862 arg1 to 849:850 to 849:850 to 849:850 The pH value in the fecal culture significantly decreased from 6.09 ± 0.11 to 4.70 ± 0.04. 29352879 6 57 theme acetic 918:923 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 57 theme acetic 918:923 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 0 58 theme novel 59:63 arg1 polysaccharide 65:78 a novel polysaccharide 57:78 a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii 57:104 Structural characterization and in vitro fermentation of a novel polysaccharide from Sargassum thunbergii and its impact on gut microbiota. 29352879 3 59 dep -α-L-Manp 592:600 arg1 1 → 3 586:590 1 → 3 586:590 1 → 3 586:590 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 29352879 6 60 theme propionic 926:934 arg1 acids 911:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 total short chain fatty acids 887:915 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 6 60 theme propionic 926:934 arg1 acids 961:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids 918:965 The concentrations of total short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, n-butyric and n-valeric acids significantly increased compared to the blank. 29352879 3 61 dep -α-D-Glcp 630:638 arg1 1 → 6 624:628 1 → 6 624:628 1 → 6 624:628 The main linkage types were identified as (1 → 5)-α-L-Araf, (1 → 3)-α-L-Manp, (1 → 3,6)-β-D-Galp, (1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp, and (1 → 3)-β-D-Xylp, respectively. 26587964 0 0 theme Chemical 86:93 arg1 synthesis 95:103 Chemical synthesis 86:103 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 0:193 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 2 1 used used 405:408 arg2 types 375:379 two types 371:379 two types of oligosaccharides 371:399 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 4 2 theme CD 870:871 arg1 spectra 873:879 the CD spectra 866:879 the CD spectra 866:879 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 2 3 from oligosaccharide 438:452 arg1 ER 461:462 ER 461:462 ER 461:462 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 2 3 from oligosaccharide 438:452 arg1 oligosaccharide 481:495 complex-type oligosaccharide 468:495 complex-type oligosaccharide 468:495 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 5 4 theme different 1011:1019 arg1 oligosaccharides 1021:1036 the two different oligosaccharides 1003:1036 the two different oligosaccharides 1003:1036 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 2 5 from ER 461:462 arg1 Golgi 504:508 the Golgi 500:508 the Golgi 500:508 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 0 6 theme crambins 117:124 arg1 synthesis 95:103 Chemical synthesis 86:103 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 0:193 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 5 7 theme small 1115:1119 arg1 glycoproteins 1121:1133 the small glycoproteins 1111:1133 the small glycoproteins 1111:1133 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 0 8 theme glycosyl 108:115 arg1 crambins 117:124 glycosyl crambins 108:124 glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide 108:192 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 5 9 theme glycoproteins 1121:1133 arg1 pathway 1067:1073 the folding pathway 1055:1073 the folding pathway in vitro 1055:1082 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 5 9 theme glycoproteins 1121:1133 arg1 structure 1098:1106 the final structure 1088:1106 the final structure of the small glycoproteins 1088:1133 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 2 10 theme complex-type 468:479 arg1 oligosaccharide 481:495 complex-type oligosaccharide 468:495 complex-type oligosaccharide 468:495 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 4 11 theme folding 791:797 arg1 structure 826:834 the final protein structure 808:834 the final protein structure analyzed by NMR 808:850 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 11 theme folding 791:797 arg1 process 799:805 the folding process 787:805 the folding process 787:805 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 12 theme complex-type 744:755 arg1 oligosaccharide 757:771 complex-type oligosaccharide 744:771 complex-type oligosaccharide 744:771 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 2 13 theme oligosaccharides 384:399 arg1 types 375:379 two types 371:379 two types of oligosaccharides 371:399 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 6 14 dep © 1136:1136 arg1 Inc. 1162:1165 Inc. 1162:1165 Inc. 1162:1165 © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 26587964 3 15 theme oligosaccharides 565:580 arg1 types 556:560 two different types 542:560 two different types of oligosaccharides 542:580 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 5 16 theme final 1092:1096 arg1 structure 1098:1106 the final structure 1088:1106 the final structure of the small glycoproteins 1088:1133 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 2 17 theme mannose-type 425:436 arg1 oligosaccharide 438:452 high mannose-type oligosaccharide 420:452 high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi 420:508 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 4 18 theme mannose-type 939:950 arg1 oligosaccharides 952:967 high mannose-type oligosaccharides 934:967 high mannose-type oligosaccharides 934:967 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 3 19 theme different 546:554 arg1 types 556:560 two different types 542:560 two different types of oligosaccharides 542:580 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 2 20 theme high 420:423 arg1 oligosaccharide 438:452 high mannose-type oligosaccharide 420:452 high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi 420:508 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 4 21 contain having 737:742 arg2 oligosaccharide 757:771 complex-type oligosaccharide 744:771 complex-type oligosaccharide 744:771 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 21 contain having 737:742 arg1 crambin 729:735 a new glycosyl crambin 714:735 a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide 714:771 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 22 theme high 934:937 arg1 oligosaccharides 952:967 high mannose-type oligosaccharides 934:967 high mannose-type oligosaccharides 934:967 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 0 23 contain having 126:131 arg2 oligosaccharide 178:192 a complex-type oligosaccharide 163:192 a complex-type oligosaccharide 163:192 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 0 23 contain having 126:131 arg2 mannose-type 147:158 a high mannose-type 140:158 a high mannose-type 140:158 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 0 23 contain having 126:131 arg1 crambins 117:124 glycosyl crambins 108:124 glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide 108:192 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 0 24 theme post-translational 28:45 arg1 modification 47:58 post-translational modification 28:58 post-translational modification toward protein structure 28:83 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 0 25 theme high 142:145 arg1 mannose-type 147:158 a high mannose-type 140:158 a high mannose-type 140:158 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 2 26 from oligosaccharide 481:495 arg1 Golgi 504:508 the Golgi 500:508 the Golgi 500:508 During these processes, two types of oligosaccharides are used: that is, high mannose-type oligosaccharide in the ER and complex-type oligosaccharide in the Golgi. 26587964 5 27 gly glycoproteins 1121:1133 arg1 glycoproteins 1121:1133 the small glycoproteins 1111:1133 the small glycoproteins 1111:1133 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 1 28 theme further 301:307 arg1 processing 309:318 further processing 301:318 further processing of their oligosaccharides 301:344 Glycoproteins are assembled and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi for further processing of their oligosaccharides. 26587964 3 29 theme three-dimensional 631:647 arg1 structure 649:657 the final three-dimensional structure 621:657 the final three-dimensional structure 621:657 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 0 30 theme effect 18:23 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 0:193 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 4 31 theme glycosyl 909:916 arg1 crambin 918:924 previously synthesized glycosyl crambin 886:924 previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides 886:967 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 32 theme new 716:718 arg1 crambin 729:735 a new glycosyl crambin 714:735 a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide 714:771 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 0 33 theme modification 47:58 arg1 effect 18:23 the effect 14:23 the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure 14:83 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 4 34 theme synthesized 897:907 arg1 crambin 918:924 previously synthesized glycosyl crambin 886:924 previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides 886:967 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 5 35 theme folding 1059:1065 arg1 pathway 1067:1073 the folding pathway 1055:1073 the folding pathway in vitro 1055:1082 From our analysis, we found that the two different oligosaccharides do not influence the folding pathway in vitro and the final structure of the small glycoproteins. 26587964 4 36 theme final 812:816 arg1 structure 826:834 the final protein structure 808:834 the final protein structure analyzed by NMR 808:850 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 36 theme final 812:816 arg1 process 799:805 the folding process 787:805 the folding process 787:805 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 0 37 theme complex-type 165:176 arg1 oligosaccharide 178:192 a complex-type oligosaccharide 163:192 a complex-type oligosaccharide 163:192 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 3 38 theme folding 602:608 arg1 pathway 610:616 the folding pathway 598:616 the folding pathway 598:616 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 7 39 dep 2016 1204:1207 arg1 Biopolymers 1167:1177 Biopolymers 1167:1177 Biopolymers 1167:1177 Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 446-452, 2016. 26587964 7 39 dep 2016 1204:1207 arg1 Sci 1185:1187 Sci 1185:1187 Sci 1185:1187 Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 446-452, 2016. 26587964 3 40 theme glycoproteins 666:678 arg1 structure 649:657 the final three-dimensional structure 621:657 the final three-dimensional structure 621:657 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 3 40 theme glycoproteins 666:678 arg1 pathway 610:616 the folding pathway 598:616 the folding pathway 598:616 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 3 41 theme final 625:629 arg1 structure 649:657 the final three-dimensional structure 621:657 the final three-dimensional structure 621:657 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 26587964 4 42 theme glycosyl 720:727 arg1 crambin 729:735 a new glycosyl crambin 714:735 a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide 714:771 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 1 43 theme endoplasmic 241:251 arg1 reticulum 253:261 the endoplasmic reticulum 237:261 the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 237:266 Glycoproteins are assembled and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi for further processing of their oligosaccharides. 26587964 1 43 theme endoplasmic 241:251 arg1 ER 264:265 ER 264:265 ER 264:265 Glycoproteins are assembled and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi for further processing of their oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 44 theme protein 818:824 arg1 structure 826:834 the final protein structure 808:834 the final protein structure analyzed by NMR 808:850 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 4 44 theme protein 818:824 arg1 process 799:805 the folding process 787:805 the folding process 787:805 For this purpose, we synthesized a new glycosyl crambin having complex-type oligosaccharide and evaluated the folding process, the final protein structure analyzed by NMR, and compared the CD spectra with previously synthesized glycosyl crambin bearing high mannose-type oligosaccharides. 26587964 0 45 theme protein 67:73 arg1 structure 75:83 protein structure 67:83 protein structure 67:83 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 1 46 theme oligosaccharides 329:344 arg1 processing 309:318 further processing 301:318 further processing of their oligosaccharides 301:344 Glycoproteins are assembled and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi for further processing of their oligosaccharides. 26587964 0 47 dep Evaluation 0:9 arg1 synthesis 95:103 Chemical synthesis 86:103 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 0:193 Evaluation of the effect of post-translational modification toward protein structure: Chemical synthesis of glycosyl crambins having either a high mannose-type or a complex-type oligosaccharide. 26587964 3 48 gly glycoproteins 666:678 arg1 glycoproteins 666:678 the glycoproteins 662:678 the glycoproteins 662:678 We were interested to know how two different types of oligosaccharides could influence the folding pathway or the final three-dimensional structure of the glycoproteins. 28958853 0 0 theme entrained 69:77 arg1 agent 79:83 an entrained agent 66:83 an entrained agent 66:83 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 1 1 theme primary 149:155 arg1 coacervation 129:140 Complex coacervation 121:140 Complex coacervation 121:140 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 1 1 theme primary 149:155 arg1 mechanism 157:165 the primary mechanism 145:165 the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair 145:243 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 2 2 theme artificial 490:499 arg1 sebum 501:505 artificial sebum 490:505 artificial sebum 490:505 This study investigates the relationship between the transport of agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties. 28958853 0 3 from influence 4:12 arg1 flux 58:61 the flux 54:61 the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier 54:118 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 3 4 theme barriers 654:661 arg1 barriers 654:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers 616:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts 616:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 3 4 theme barriers 654:661 arg1 variety 605:611 a variety 603:611 a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts 603:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 6 5 dep ratio 1138:1142 arg1 specifically 1114:1125 specifically 1114:1125 specifically 1114:1125 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 6 6 dep web 1109:1111 arg1 ratio 1138:1142 the molar ratio 1128:1142 the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water 1128:1177 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 0 7 theme agent 79:83 arg1 flux 58:61 the flux 54:61 the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier 54:118 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 5 8 theme experimental 982:993 arg1 data 1013:1016 the experimental kinetin transport data 978:1016 the experimental kinetin transport data 978:1016 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 5 9 theme polymer 916:922 arg1 descriptors 924:934 composition and polymer descriptors 900:934 descriptors 924:934 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 0 10 theme coacervate/sebum 95:110 arg1 barrier 112:118 a coacervate/sebum barrier 93:118 a coacervate/sebum barrier 93:118 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 4 11 theme material 850:857 arg1 stiffness 859:867 the material stiffness 846:867 the material stiffness 846:867 These values were interpreted according to a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness. 28958853 5 12 theme kinetin 995:1001 arg1 data 1013:1016 the experimental kinetin transport data 978:1016 the experimental kinetin transport data 978:1016 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 6 13 theme chain 1103:1107 arg1 web 1109:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web 1073:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) 1073:1178 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 6 14 link surfactant-linked 1077:1093 arg1 web 1109:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web 1073:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) 1073:1178 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 2 15 attach released 450:457 arg1 vehicle 477:483 a coacervate vehicle 464:483 a coacervate vehicle 464:483 This study investigates the relationship between the transport of agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties. 28958853 2 15 attach released 450:457 arg2 agents 443:448 agents 443:448 agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties 443:553 This study investigates the relationship between the transport of agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties. 28958853 5 16 theme transport 1003:1011 arg1 data 1013:1016 the experimental kinetin transport data 978:1016 the experimental kinetin transport data 978:1016 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 5 17 theme multivariate 872:883 arg1 analysis 885:892 A multivariate analysis 870:892 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors 870:934 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 1 18 from sites 370:374 arg1 substantivity 347:359 its substantivity 343:359 its substantivity at these sites 343:374 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 6 19 theme % 1171:1171 arg1 water 1173:1177 wt% water 1169:1177 wt% water 1169:1177 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 3 20 theme model 570:574 arg1 kinetin 586:592 kinetin 586:592 kinetin 586:592 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 3 20 theme model 570:574 arg1 compound 576:583 a model compound 568:583 a model compound 568:583 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 1 21 theme rinse-off 175:183 arg1 formulations 185:196 rinse-off formulations 175:196 rinse-off formulations 175:196 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 7 22 theme skin 1481:1484 arg1 surface 1486:1492 the skin surface 1477:1492 the skin surface 1477:1492 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 3 23 theme compound 576:583 arg1 flux 560:563 The flux 556:563 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts 556:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 6 24 theme polymer 1095:1101 arg1 web 1109:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web 1073:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) 1073:1178 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 0 25 theme cellulosic 17:26 arg1 composition 39:49 cellulosic coacervate composition 17:49 cellulosic coacervate composition 17:49 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 1 26 theme polycation-surfactant 268:288 arg1 coacervates 296:306 polycation-surfactant anion coacervates 268:306 polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites 268:374 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 7 27 theme entrained 1384:1392 arg1 agents 1394:1399 entrained agents 1384:1399 entrained agents 1384:1399 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 6 28 theme surfactant-linked 1077:1093 arg1 web 1109:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web 1073:1111 the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) 1073:1178 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 6 29 theme wt 1169:1170 arg1 water 1173:1177 wt% water 1169:1177 wt% water 1169:1177 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 1 30 theme anion 290:294 arg1 coacervates 296:306 polycation-surfactant anion coacervates 268:306 polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites 268:374 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 1 31 dep skin 231:234 arg1 the 227:229 the 227:229 the 227:229 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 4 32 theme semi-empirical 757:770 arg1 model 772:776 a semi-empirical model 755:776 a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness 755:867 These values were interpreted according to a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness. 28958853 6 33 theme molar 1132:1136 arg1 ratio 1138:1142 the molar ratio 1128:1142 the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water 1128:1177 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 0 34 theme composition 39:49 arg1 influence 4:12 The influence 0:12 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 0:119 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 7 35 theme ingredient 1296:1305 arg1 manipulations 1307:1319 compositional or ingredient manipulations 1279:1319 compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web 1279:1352 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 7 36 theme developed 1262:1270 arg1 model 1272:1276 the developed model 1258:1276 the developed model 1258:1276 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 7 37 theme agents 1394:1399 arg1 release 1373:1379 a more rapid release 1360:1379 a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate 1360:1419 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 1 38 theme topical 209:215 arg1 agents 217:222 topical agents 209:222 topical agents 209:222 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 0 39 theme coacervate 28:37 arg1 composition 39:49 cellulosic coacervate composition 17:49 cellulosic coacervate composition 17:49 The influence of cellulosic coacervate composition on the flux of an entrained agent through a coacervate/sebum barrier. 28958853 3 40 theme coacervate/sebum 627:642 arg1 barriers 654:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers 616:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts 616:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 2 41 theme agents 443:448 arg1 transport 430:438 the transport 426:438 the transport of agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties 426:553 This study investigates the relationship between the transport of agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties. 28958853 6 42 theme entanglement 1057:1068 arg1 degree 1047:1052 the degree 1043:1052 the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) 1043:1178 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 2 43 theme coacervate 466:475 arg1 vehicle 477:483 a coacervate vehicle 464:483 a coacervate vehicle 464:483 This study investigates the relationship between the transport of agents released from a coacervate vehicle into artificial sebum and the coacervate's composition and properties. 28958853 3 44 theme composite 644:652 arg1 barriers 654:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers 616:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts 616:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 7 45 theme higher 1451:1456 arg1 bioavailability 1458:1472 higher bioavailability 1451:1472 higher bioavailability 1451:1472 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 3 46 theme culture 680:686 arg1 inserts 688:694 cell culture inserts 675:694 cell culture inserts 675:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 6 47 theme kinetin 1226:1232 arg1 transport 1234:1242 kinetin transport 1226:1242 kinetin transport 1226:1242 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 6 48 theme anions 1147:1152 arg1 ratio 1138:1142 the molar ratio 1128:1142 the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water 1128:1177 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 6 49 theme important 1191:1199 arg1 variables 1212:1220 important predictive variables 1191:1220 important predictive variables for kinetin transport 1191:1242 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 7 50 theme rapid 1367:1371 arg1 release 1373:1379 a more rapid release 1360:1379 a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate 1360:1419 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 4 51 theme polymer 822:828 arg1 properties 830:839 polymer properties 822:839 polymer properties 822:839 These values were interpreted according to a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness. 28958853 1 52 theme Complex 121:127 arg1 coacervation 129:140 Complex coacervation 121:140 Complex coacervation 121:140 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 1 52 theme Complex 121:127 arg1 mechanism 157:165 the primary mechanism 145:165 the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair 145:243 Complex coacervation is the primary mechanism used in rinse-off formulations to deliver topical agents to the skin and hair; this process produces polycation-surfactant anion coacervates that entrain the agent and enhance its substantivity at these sites. 28958853 7 53 from coacervate 1410:1419 arg1 release 1373:1379 a more rapid release 1360:1379 a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate 1360:1419 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 3 54 theme cellulosic 616:625 arg1 barriers 654:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers 616:661 cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts 616:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 7 55 theme compositional 1279:1291 arg1 manipulations 1307:1319 compositional or ingredient manipulations 1279:1319 compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web 1279:1352 According to the developed model, compositional or ingredient manipulations that expand and untangle the web favor a more rapid release of entrained agents from the coacervate into sebum and, consequently, higher bioavailability on the skin surface. 28958853 5 56 theme strong 946:951 arg1 r2=0.72 966:972 r2=0.72 966:972 r2=0.72 966:972 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 5 56 theme strong 946:951 arg1 correlation 953:963 a strong correlation 944:963 a strong correlation (r2=0.72) 944:973 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 3 57 theme cell 675:678 arg1 inserts 688:694 cell culture inserts 675:694 cell culture inserts 675:694 The flux of a model compound, kinetin, through a variety of cellulosic coacervate/sebum composite barriers prepared on cell culture inserts was determined. 28958853 6 58 theme predictive 1201:1210 arg1 variables 1212:1220 important predictive variables 1191:1220 important predictive variables for kinetin transport 1191:1242 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 5 59 theme composition 900:910 arg1 descriptors 924:934 composition and polymer descriptors 900:934 descriptors 924:934 A multivariate analysis using composition and polymer descriptors yielded a strong correlation (r2=0.72) to the experimental kinetin transport data. 28958853 6 60 theme web 1109:1111 arg1 entanglement 1057:1068 entanglement 1057:1068 entanglement 1057:1068 Variables that describe the degree of entanglement of the surfactant-linked polymer chain web (specifically, the molar ratio of anions to cations and wt% water) emerged as important predictive variables for kinetin transport. 28958853 4 61 theme coacervate 810:819 arg1 stiffness 859:867 the material stiffness 846:867 the material stiffness 846:867 These values were interpreted according to a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness. 28958853 4 61 theme coacervate 810:819 arg1 properties 830:839 polymer properties 822:839 polymer properties 822:839 These values were interpreted according to a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness. 28958853 4 61 theme coacervate 810:819 arg1 composition 791:801 the composition 787:801 the composition of the coacervate 787:819 These values were interpreted according to a semi-empirical model based on the composition of the coacervate, polymer properties, and the material stiffness. 26729137 0 0 theme Influenza 93:101 arg1 Virus 103:107 Anti-Avian Influenza Virus 82:107 Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities 82:118 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 3 1 theme immune-modulatory 751:767 arg1 activity 769:776 immune-modulatory activity 751:776 immune-modulatory activity 751:776 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 2 2 theme transformation 641:654 arg1 spectroscopy 665:676 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 633:676 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 633:676 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 5 3 theme strongest 1115:1123 arg1 activity 1134:1141 the strongest anti-AIV activity 1111:1141 the strongest anti-AIV activity 1111:1141 G. filicina SP exhibited the strongest anti-AIV activity. 26729137 1 4 theme marine 177:182 arg1 qingdaoense 251:261 Sargassum qingdaoense 241:261 Sargassum qingdaoense 241:261 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 4 theme marine 177:182 arg1 deputies 285:292 the deputies 281:292 the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta 281:334 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 4 theme marine 177:182 arg1 filicina 214:221 Grateloupia filicina 202:221 Grateloupia filicina 202:221 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 4 theme marine 177:182 arg1 macroalgae 184:193 Three marine macroalgae 171:193 Three marine macroalgae 171:193 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 4 theme marine 177:182 arg1 Ulva 224:227 Ulva 224:227 Ulva 224:227 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 4 theme marine 177:182 arg1 i.e. 196:199 i.e. 196:199 i.e. 196:199 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 4 5 theme H9N2 1062:1065 arg1 AIV 1057:1059 activated AIV 1047:1059 activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) 1047:1074 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 5 theme H9N2 1062:1065 arg1 subtype 1067:1073 H9N2 subtype 1062:1073 H9N2 subtype 1062:1073 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 0 6 theme Anti-Avian 82:91 arg1 Virus 103:107 Anti-Avian Influenza Virus 82:107 Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities 82:118 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 2 7 theme Fourier 633:639 arg1 spectroscopy 665:676 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 633:676 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 633:676 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 3 8 contain had 747:749 arg1 SPs 743:745 all three SPs 733:745 all three SPs 733:745 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 3 8 contain had 747:749 arg2 activity 769:776 immune-modulatory activity 751:776 immune-modulatory activity 751:776 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 3 9 theme biological 692:701 arg1 analysis 712:719 biological activity analysis 692:719 biological activity analysis 692:719 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 0 10 theme Activities 109:118 arg1 Comparison 21:30 Comparison 21:30 Comparison 21:30 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 0 10 theme Activities 109:118 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 5 11 theme anti-AIV 1125:1132 arg1 activity 1134:1141 the strongest anti-AIV activity 1111:1141 the strongest anti-AIV activity 1111:1141 G. filicina SP exhibited the strongest anti-AIV activity. 26729137 0 12 theme Virus 103:107 arg1 Activities 109:118 Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities 82:118 Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities 82:118 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 1 13 theme molecular 368:376 arg1 structures 378:387 molecular structures 368:387 molecular structures 368:387 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 14 theme structures 378:387 arg1 analysis 352:359 comparative analysis 340:359 comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) 340:446 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 6 15 theme structural 1185:1194 arg1 features 1196:1203 structural features 1185:1203 structural features 1185:1203 These results revealed the variations in structural features and bioactivities among three SPs and indicated the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV. 26729137 5 16 theme filicina 1089:1096 arg1 SP 1098:1099 G. filicina SP 1086:1099 G. filicina SP 1086:1099 G. filicina SP exhibited the strongest anti-AIV activity. 26729137 2 17 theme polysaccharides 476:490 arg1 ratio 453:457 The ratio 449:457 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs 449:571 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 18 theme monosaccharide 497:510 arg1 composition 512:522 the monosaccharide composition 493:522 the monosaccharide composition 493:522 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 18 theme monosaccharide 497:510 arg1 polysaccharides 476:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 19 theme water-soluble 462:474 arg1 composition 512:522 the monosaccharide composition 493:522 the monosaccharide composition 493:522 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 19 theme water-soluble 462:474 arg1 contents 541:548 the sulfated contents 528:548 the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs 528:571 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 19 theme water-soluble 462:474 arg1 polysaccharides 476:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 1 20 theme biological 393:402 arg1 activities 404:413 biological activities 393:413 biological activities 393:413 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 2 21 theme infrared 656:663 arg1 spectroscopy 665:676 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 633:676 Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy 633:676 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 0 22 theme Algal 139:143 arg1 Polysaccharides 154:168 Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides 133:168 Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides 133:168 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 6 23 theme potential 1257:1265 arg1 adjuvants 1267:1275 the potential adjuvants 1253:1275 the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV 1253:1311 These results revealed the variations in structural features and bioactivities among three SPs and indicated the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV. 26729137 4 24 theme AIV 1057:1059 arg1 activity 1035:1042 the activity 1031:1042 the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) 1031:1074 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 1 25 theme activities 404:413 arg1 analysis 352:359 comparative analysis 340:359 comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) 340:446 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 6 26 from variations 1171:1180 arg1 bioactivities 1209:1221 bioactivities 1209:1221 bioactivities 1209:1221 These results revealed the variations in structural features and bioactivities among three SPs and indicated the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV. 26729137 6 26 from variations 1171:1180 arg1 features 1196:1203 structural features 1185:1203 structural features 1185:1203 These results revealed the variations in structural features and bioactivities among three SPs and indicated the potential adjuvants for immune-enhancement and anti-AIV. 26729137 0 27 theme Structural 39:48 arg1 Features 50:57 the Structural Features 35:57 the Structural Features 35:57 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 4 28 theme influenza 968:976 arg1 AIV 985:987 AIV 985:987 AIV 985:987 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 28 theme influenza 968:976 arg1 virus 978:982 inactivated avian influenza virus 950:982 inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) 950:988 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 3 29 theme activity 703:710 arg1 analysis 712:719 biological activity analysis 692:719 biological activity analysis 692:719 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 4 30 theme avian 962:966 arg1 AIV 985:987 AIV 985:987 AIV 985:987 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 30 theme avian 962:966 arg1 virus 978:982 inactivated avian influenza virus 950:982 inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) 950:988 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 1 31 theme Chlorophyta 309:319 arg1 deputies 285:292 the deputies 281:292 the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta 281:334 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 31 theme Chlorophyta 309:319 arg1 macroalgae 184:193 Three marine macroalgae 171:193 Three marine macroalgae 171:193 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 0 32 theme Sulfated 145:152 arg1 Polysaccharides 154:168 Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides 133:168 Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides 133:168 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 1 33 theme sulfated 418:425 arg1 SP 444:445 SP 444:445 SP 444:445 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 33 theme sulfated 418:425 arg1 polysaccharides 427:441 sulfated polysaccharides 418:441 sulfated polysaccharides (SP) 418:446 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 2 34 theme SPs 569:571 arg1 composition 512:522 the monosaccharide composition 493:522 the monosaccharide composition 493:522 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 34 theme SPs 569:571 arg1 polysaccharides 476:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 34 theme SPs 569:571 arg1 contents 541:548 the sulfated contents 528:548 the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs 528:571 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 4 35 theme immunity 921:928 arg1 level 930:934 the immunity level 917:934 the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) 917:988 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 2 36 theme extracted 559:567 arg1 SPs 569:571 three extracted SPs 553:571 three extracted SPs 553:571 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 3 37 from qingdaoense 821:831 arg1 SPs 809:811 SPs 809:811 SPs from S. qingdaoense 809:831 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 1 38 theme polysaccharides 427:441 arg1 structures 378:387 molecular structures 368:387 molecular structures 368:387 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 38 theme polysaccharides 427:441 arg1 activities 404:413 biological activities 393:413 biological activities 393:413 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 0 39 theme Features 50:57 arg1 Comparison 21:30 Comparison 21:30 Comparison 21:30 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 0 39 theme Features 50:57 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 1 40 theme Ochrophyta 325:334 arg1 deputies 285:292 the deputies 281:292 the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta 281:334 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 1 40 theme Ochrophyta 325:334 arg1 macroalgae 184:193 Three marine macroalgae 171:193 Three marine macroalgae 171:193 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 4 41 theme inactivated 950:960 arg1 AIV 985:987 AIV 985:987 AIV 985:987 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 41 theme inactivated 950:960 arg1 virus 978:982 inactivated avian influenza virus 950:982 inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) 950:988 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 42 theme Further 854:860 arg1 bioassays 862:870 Further bioassays 854:870 Further bioassays 854:870 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 5 43 theme G. 1086:1087 arg1 SP 1098:1099 G. filicina SP 1086:1099 G. filicina SP 1086:1099 G. filicina SP exhibited the strongest anti-AIV activity. 26729137 1 44 dep structures 378:387 arg1 the 364:366 the 364:366 the 364:366 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 3 45 contain had 833:835 arg1 SPs 809:811 SPs 809:811 SPs from S. qingdaoense 809:831 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 3 45 contain had 833:835 arg2 effect 846:851 the best effect 837:851 the best effect 837:851 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 1 46 dep Ulva 224:227 arg1 pertusa 229:235 pertusa 229:235 pertusa 229:235 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 3 47 theme best 841:844 arg1 effect 846:851 the best effect 837:851 the best effect 837:851 In addition, biological activity analysis showed that all three SPs had immune-modulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and SPs from S. qingdaoense had the best effect. 26729137 2 48 theme sulfated 532:539 arg1 polysaccharides 476:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 water-soluble polysaccharides 462:490 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 2 48 theme sulfated 532:539 arg1 contents 541:548 the sulfated contents 528:548 the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs 528:571 The ratio of water-soluble polysaccharides, the monosaccharide composition and the sulfated contents of three extracted SPs were determined, and their structures were characterized by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. 26729137 0 49 theme Immune-Modulatory 60:76 arg1 Comparison 21:30 Comparison 21:30 Comparison 21:30 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 0 49 theme Immune-Modulatory 60:76 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and Comparison of the Structural Features, Immune-Modulatory and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Activities Conferred by Three Algal Sulfated Polysaccharides. 26729137 1 50 theme comparative 340:350 arg1 analysis 352:359 comparative analysis 340:359 comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) 340:446 Three marine macroalgae, i.e., Grateloupia filicina, Ulva pertusa and Sargassum qingdaoense, were selected as the deputies of Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta for comparative analysis of the molecular structures and biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides (SP). 26729137 4 51 dep showed 872:877 arg1 inhibited 1021:1029 inhibited 1021:1029 inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro 1021:1083 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 52 theme activated 1047:1055 arg1 AIV 1057:1059 activated AIV 1047:1059 activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) 1047:1074 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 26729137 4 52 theme activated 1047:1055 arg1 subtype 1067:1073 H9N2 subtype 1062:1073 H9N2 subtype 1062:1073 Further bioassays showed that three SPs could not only enhance the immunity level stimulated by inactivated avian influenza virus (AIV) in vivo but also significantly inhibited the activity of activated AIV (H9N2 subtype) in vitro. 29331909 9 0 theme polysaccharides 1537:1551 arg1 concentrations 1519:1532 high concentrations 1514:1532 high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1514:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 1 1 dep structure 219:227 arg1 the 195:197 the 195:197 the 195:197 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 9 2 theme eDNA 1557:1560 arg1 concentrations 1519:1532 high concentrations 1514:1532 high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1514:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 10 3 theme eDNA 1731:1734 arg1 concentrations 1693:1706 lower concentrations 1687:1706 lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1687:1734 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 6 4 theme extracellular 1035:1047 arg1 concentrations 1049:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 4 5 theme Nutrient 609:616 arg1 conditions 618:627 Nutrient conditions 609:627 Nutrient conditions 609:627 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 9 6 with structures 1498:1507 arg1 concentrations 1519:1532 high concentrations 1514:1532 high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1514:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 1 7 theme biofilms 266:273 arg1 structure 219:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 1 7 theme biofilms 266:273 arg1 resistance 243:252 hydraulic resistance 233:252 hydraulic resistance 233:252 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 10 8 theme heterogeneous 1648:1660 arg1 structures 1671:1680 heterogeneous physical structures 1648:1680 heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1648:1734 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 1 9 theme substances 175:184 arg1 effect 141:146 The effect 137:146 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 137:321 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 6 10 theme total 1011:1015 arg1 mass 1026:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 12 11 theme ultrafiltration 2113:2127 arg1 performances 2093:2104 the hydraulic performances 2079:2104 the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration 2079:2127 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 3 12 theme contrasting 576:586 arg1 conditions 597:606 contrasting nutrient conditions 576:606 contrasting nutrient conditions 576:606 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 6 13 theme Biofilm 940:946 arg1 composition 948:958 Biofilm composition 940:958 Biofilm composition 940:958 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 14 theme eDNA 1098:1101 arg1 mass 1026:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 14 theme eDNA 1098:1101 arg1 concentrations 1049:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 14 theme eDNA 1098:1101 arg1 carbon 1003:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 4 15 theme nutrient 648:655 arg1 condition 666:674 a nutrient enriched condition 646:674 (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 642:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 0 16 theme biofilms 127:134 arg1 structure 80:88 physical structure 71:88 physical structure 71:88 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 0 16 theme biofilms 127:134 arg1 resistance 104:113 hydraulic resistance 94:113 hydraulic resistance 94:113 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 1 17 theme meso-scale 199:208 arg1 structure 219:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 8 18 theme physical 1324:1331 arg1 structure 1333:1341 the meso-scale physical structure 1309:1341 the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms 1309:1362 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 9 19 dep limiting 1425:1432 arg1 P 1423:1423 P 1423:1423 P 1423:1423 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 11 20 theme P 1741:1741 arg1 biofilms 1752:1759 P limiting biofilms 1741:1759 P limiting biofilms 1741:1759 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 11 21 theme higher 1903:1908 arg1 polysaccharide 1910:1923 higher polysaccharide 1903:1923 higher polysaccharide 1903:1923 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 7 22 theme EPS 1233:1235 arg1 composition 1176:1186 functional group composition 1159:1186 functional group composition 1159:1186 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 7 22 theme EPS 1233:1235 arg1 distribution 1204:1215 micro-scale distribution 1192:1215 micro-scale distribution 1192:1215 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 12 23 theme practical 2055:2063 arg1 relevance 2065:2073 practical relevance 2055:2073 practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration 2055:2127 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 5 24 theme Coherence 912:920 arg1 OCT 934:936 OCT 934:936 OCT 934:936 The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). 29331909 5 24 theme Coherence 912:920 arg1 Tomography 922:931 Optical Coherence Tomography 904:931 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) 904:937 The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). 29331909 8 25 theme biofilms 1355:1362 arg1 structure 1333:1341 the meso-scale physical structure 1309:1341 the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms 1309:1362 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 10 26 theme nutrient 1583:1590 arg1 conditions 1615:1624 nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions 1583:1624 nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions 1583:1624 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 10 27 with structures 1671:1680 arg1 concentrations 1693:1706 lower concentrations 1687:1706 lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1687:1734 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 4 28 theme 100:30:10 701:709 arg1 ratio 692:696 a nutrient ratio 681:696 a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 681:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 1 29 theme extracellular 151:163 arg1 EPS 187:189 EPS 187:189 EPS 187:189 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 1 29 theme extracellular 151:163 arg1 substances 175:184 extracellular polymeric substances 151:184 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 151:190 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 4 30 theme P 817:817 arg1 ratio 819:823 P ratio 817:823 C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10 811:833 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 31 with limitation 740:749 arg1 ratio 692:696 a nutrient ratio 681:696 a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 681:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 11 32 from distribution 1822:1833 arg1 structures 1887:1896 homogeneous biofilm structures 1867:1896 homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations 1867:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 2 33 theme membranes 399:407 arg1 surface 372:378 the surface 368:378 the surface of ultrafiltration membranes 368:407 Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). 29331909 0 34 theme hydraulic 94:102 arg1 resistance 104:113 hydraulic resistance 94:113 hydraulic resistance 94:113 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 0 35 dep structure 80:88 arg1 the 67:69 the 67:69 the 67:69 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 4 36 with limitation 799:808 arg1 ratio 692:696 a nutrient ratio 681:696 a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 681:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 7 37 theme micro-scale 1192:1202 arg1 distribution 1204:1215 micro-scale distribution 1192:1215 micro-scale distribution 1192:1215 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 10 38 dep limiting 1606:1613 arg1 N 1604:1604 N 1604:1604 N 1604:1604 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 3 39 theme Biofilm 469:475 arg1 composition 481:491 Biofilm EPS composition 469:491 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) 469:532 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 1 40 theme driven 290:295 arg1 filtration 312:321 gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 282:321 gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 282:321 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 9 41 theme dense 1467:1471 arg1 structures 1498:1507 dense and homogeneous physical structures 1467:1507 dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1467:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 7 42 used used 1134:1137 arg2 mapping 1122:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping 1104:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping 1104:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 2 43 theme dead-end 416:423 arg1 filtration 425:434 dead-end filtration 416:434 dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar) 416:466 Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). 29331909 0 44 theme polymeric 37:45 arg1 substances 47:56 extracellular polymeric substances 23:56 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 23:62 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 0 44 theme polymeric 37:45 arg1 EPS 59:61 EPS 59:61 EPS 59:61 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 9 45 theme homogeneous 1477:1487 arg1 structures 1498:1507 dense and homogeneous physical structures 1467:1507 dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1467:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 7 46 theme functional 1159:1168 arg1 composition 1176:1186 functional group composition 1159:1186 functional group composition 1159:1186 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 4 47 theme P 758:758 arg1 ratio 760:764 P ratio 758:764 C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0 752:774 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 3 48 theme total 494:498 arg1 polysaccharide 509:522 polysaccharide 509:522 polysaccharide 509:522 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 3 48 theme total 494:498 arg1 protein 500:506 total protein 494:506 total protein 494:506 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 3 48 theme total 494:498 arg1 eDNA 528:531 eDNA 528:531 eDNA 528:531 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 8 49 from resistance 1390:1399 arg1 turn 1371:1374 turn 1371:1374 turn 1371:1374 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 1 50 dep driven 290:295 arg1 gravity 282:288 gravity 282:288 gravity 282:288 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 11 51 theme biofilm 1879:1885 arg1 structures 1887:1896 homogeneous biofilm structures 1867:1896 homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations 1867:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 8 52 theme matrix 1288:1293 arg1 composition 1265:1275 the composition 1261:1275 the composition of the EPS matrix 1261:1293 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 11 53 theme 2D-confocal 1762:1772 arg1 microscopy 1780:1789 2D-confocal Raman microscopy 1762:1789 2D-confocal Raman microscopy 1762:1789 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 1 54 theme physical 210:217 arg1 structure 219:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 9 55 theme high 1514:1517 arg1 concentrations 1519:1532 high concentrations 1514:1532 high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1514:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 12 56 theme hydraulic 2007:2015 arg1 resistance 2017:2026 hydraulic resistance 2007:2026 hydraulic resistance 2007:2026 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 11 57 theme spatial 1814:1820 arg1 distribution 1822:1833 a homogeneous spatial distribution 1800:1833 a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations 1800:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 7 58 dep composition 1176:1186 arg1 the 1155:1157 the 1155:1157 the 1155:1157 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 7 59 theme 2D-confocal 1104:1114 arg1 mapping 1122:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping 1104:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping 1104:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 1 60 theme membrane 257:264 arg1 biofilms 266:273 membrane biofilms 257:273 membrane biofilms 257:273 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 12 61 theme membrane 2031:2038 arg1 biofilms 2040:2047 membrane biofilms 2031:2047 membrane biofilms 2031:2047 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 10 62 theme limiting 1606:1613 arg1 conditions 1615:1624 nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions 1583:1624 nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions 1583:1624 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 10 63 theme physical 1662:1669 arg1 structures 1671:1680 heterogeneous physical structures 1648:1680 heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1648:1734 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 1 64 theme polymeric 165:173 arg1 EPS 187:189 EPS 187:189 EPS 187:189 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 1 64 theme polymeric 165:173 arg1 substances 175:184 extracellular polymeric substances 151:184 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 151:190 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 12 65 theme EPS 1967:1969 arg1 composition 1971:1981 EPS composition 1967:1981 EPS composition 1967:1981 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 6 66 theme cellular 1017:1024 arg1 mass 1026:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 4 67 theme enriched 657:664 arg1 condition 666:674 a nutrient enriched condition 646:674 (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 642:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 10 68 theme polysaccharides 1711:1725 arg1 concentrations 1693:1706 lower concentrations 1687:1706 lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1687:1734 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 4 69 dep limitation 740:749 arg1 ii 723:724 ii 723:724 ii 723:724 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 69 dep limitation 740:749 arg1 C 752:752 C 752:752 C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0 752:774 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 12 70 theme GDM 2109:2111 arg1 ultrafiltration 2113:2127 GDM ultrafiltration 2109:2127 GDM ultrafiltration 2109:2127 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 0 71 theme membrane 118:125 arg1 biofilms 127:134 membrane biofilms 118:134 membrane biofilms 118:134 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 8 72 theme meso-scale 1313:1322 arg1 structure 1333:1341 the meso-scale physical structure 1309:1341 the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms 1309:1362 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 6 73 theme organic 995:1001 arg1 carbon 1003:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 3 74 theme nutrient 588:595 arg1 conditions 597:606 contrasting nutrient conditions 576:606 contrasting nutrient conditions 576:606 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 8 75 theme membrane 1346:1353 arg1 biofilms 1355:1362 membrane biofilms 1346:1362 membrane biofilms 1346:1362 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 6 76 theme polysaccharides 1077:1091 arg1 mass 1026:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 76 theme polysaccharides 1077:1091 arg1 concentrations 1049:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 76 theme polysaccharides 1077:1091 arg1 carbon 1003:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 12 77 theme biofilms 2040:2047 arg1 composition 1971:1981 EPS composition 1967:1981 EPS composition 1967:1981 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 12 77 theme biofilms 2040:2047 arg1 structure 1993:2001 physical structure 1984:2001 physical structure 1984:2001 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 12 77 theme biofilms 2040:2047 arg1 resistance 2017:2026 hydraulic resistance 2007:2026 hydraulic resistance 2007:2026 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 11 78 theme limiting 1743:1750 arg1 biofilms 1752:1759 P limiting biofilms 1741:1759 P limiting biofilms 1741:1759 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 5 79 theme Optical 904:910 arg1 OCT 934:936 OCT 934:936 OCT 934:936 The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). 29331909 5 79 theme Optical 904:910 arg1 Tomography 922:931 Optical Coherence Tomography 904:931 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) 904:937 The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). 29331909 4 80 theme nitrogen 790:797 arg1 limitation 799:808 a nitrogen limitation 788:808 (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10) 782:834 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 6 81 theme proteins 1067:1074 arg1 mass 1026:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 total cellular mass 1011:1029 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 81 theme proteins 1067:1074 arg1 concentrations 1049:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 extracellular concentrations 1035:1062 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 6 81 theme proteins 1067:1074 arg1 carbon 1003:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 4 82 dep limitation 799:808 arg1 C 811:811 C 811:811 C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10 811:833 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 82 dep limitation 799:808 arg1 iii 783:785 iii 783:785 iii 783:785 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 11 83 theme eDNA 1929:1932 arg1 concentrations 1934:1947 eDNA concentrations 1929:1947 eDNA concentrations 1929:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 2 84 from pressure 449:456 arg1 filtration 425:434 dead-end filtration 416:434 dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar) 416:466 Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). 29331909 7 85 theme biofilms 1224:1231 arg1 EPS 1233:1235 the biofilms EPS 1220:1235 the biofilms EPS 1220:1235 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 4 86 theme nutrient 683:690 arg1 ratio 692:696 a nutrient ratio 681:696 a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 681:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 87 dep 100:30:10 701:709 arg1 C 712:712 C 712:712 C: N: P 712:718 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 0 88 theme physical 71:78 arg1 structure 80:88 physical structure 71:88 physical structure 71:88 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 11 89 theme homogeneous 1802:1812 arg1 distribution 1822:1833 a homogeneous spatial distribution 1800:1833 a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations 1800:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 8 90 theme hydraulic 1380:1388 arg1 resistance 1390:1399 its hydraulic resistance 1376:1399 its hydraulic resistance 1376:1399 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 4 91 theme phosphorus 729:738 arg1 limitation 740:749 phosphorus limitation 729:749 (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0) 722:775 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 3 92 dep composition 481:491 arg1 polysaccharide 509:522 polysaccharide 509:522 polysaccharide 509:522 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 3 92 dep composition 481:491 arg1 protein 500:506 total protein 494:506 total protein 494:506 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 3 92 dep composition 481:491 arg1 eDNA 528:531 eDNA 528:531 eDNA 528:531 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 10 93 theme lower 1687:1691 arg1 concentrations 1693:1706 lower concentrations 1687:1706 lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1687:1734 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 11 94 theme Raman 1774:1778 arg1 microscopy 1780:1789 2D-confocal Raman microscopy 1762:1789 2D-confocal Raman microscopy 1762:1789 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 4 95 dep C 811:811 arg1 ratio 819:823 P ratio 817:823 C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10 811:833 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 95 dep C 811:811 arg1 100:0:10 826:833 100:0:10 826:833 C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10 811:833 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 95 dep C 811:811 arg1 N 814:814 N 814:814 C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10 811:833 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 1 96 from effect 141:146 arg1 structure 219:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 meso-scale physical structure 199:227 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 1 96 from effect 141:146 arg1 resistance 243:252 hydraulic resistance 233:252 hydraulic resistance 233:252 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 9 97 theme limiting 1425:1432 arg1 conditions 1434:1443 P limiting conditions 1423:1443 P limiting conditions 1423:1443 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 2 98 theme ultrafiltration 383:397 arg1 membranes 399:407 ultrafiltration membranes 383:407 ultrafiltration membranes 383:407 Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). 29331909 11 99 theme anionic 1838:1844 arg1 groups 1857:1862 anionic functional groups 1838:1862 anionic functional groups 1838:1862 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 0 100 theme extracellular 23:35 arg1 substances 47:56 extracellular polymeric substances 23:56 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 23:62 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 0 100 theme extracellular 23:35 arg1 EPS 59:61 EPS 59:61 EPS 59:61 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 4 101 dep C 712:712 arg1 P 718:718 P 718:718 C: N: P 712:718 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 101 dep C 712:712 arg1 N 715:715 N 715:715 C: N: P 712:718 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 7 102 theme group 1170:1174 arg1 composition 1176:1186 functional group composition 1159:1186 functional group composition 1159:1186 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 2 103 theme ultra-low 439:447 arg1 70 mbar 459:465 70 mbar 459:465 70 mbar 459:465 Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). 29331909 2 103 theme ultra-low 439:447 arg1 pressure 449:456 ultra-low pressure 439:456 ultra-low pressure (70 mbar) 439:466 Biofilms were developed on the surface of ultrafiltration membranes during dead-end filtration at ultra-low pressure (70 mbar). 29331909 3 104 theme EPS 477:479 arg1 composition 481:491 Biofilm EPS composition 469:491 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) 469:532 Biofilm EPS composition (total protein, polysaccharide and eDNA) was manipulated by growing biofilms under contrasting nutrient conditions. 29331909 0 105 theme substances 47:56 arg1 composition 8:18 composition 8:18 composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 8:62 Linking composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to the physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms. 29331909 1 106 theme membrane 297:304 arg1 filtration 312:321 gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 282:321 gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 282:321 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 12 107 theme hydraulic 2083:2091 arg1 performances 2093:2104 the hydraulic performances 2079:2104 the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration 2079:2127 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 11 108 theme functional 1846:1855 arg1 groups 1857:1862 anionic functional groups 1838:1862 anionic functional groups 1838:1862 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 4 109 with condition 666:674 arg1 ratio 692:696 a nutrient ratio 681:696 a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P) 681:719 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 11 110 theme homogeneous 1867:1877 arg1 structures 1887:1896 homogeneous biofilm structures 1867:1896 homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations 1867:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 1 111 theme GDM 307:309 arg1 filtration 312:321 gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 282:321 gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration 282:321 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 29331909 9 112 theme physical 1489:1496 arg1 structures 1498:1507 dense and homogeneous physical structures 1467:1507 dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA 1467:1560 Biofilms grown under P limiting conditions were characterised by dense and homogeneous physical structures with high concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 6 113 theme total 989:993 arg1 carbon 1003:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 total organic carbon 989:1008 Biofilm composition was analysed with respect to total organic carbon, total cellular mass and extracellular concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides, and eDNA. 29331909 4 114 dep C 752:752 arg1 100:30:0 767:774 100:30:0 767:774 C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0 752:774 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 114 dep C 752:752 arg1 N 755:755 N 755:755 C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0 752:774 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 4 114 dep C 752:752 arg1 ratio 760:764 P ratio 758:764 C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0 752:774 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 5 115 theme biofilm 858:864 arg1 structure 841:849 The structure 837:849 The structure of the biofilm 837:864 The structure of the biofilm was characterised at meso-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). 29331909 8 116 theme EPS 1284:1286 arg1 matrix 1288:1293 the EPS matrix 1280:1293 the EPS matrix 1280:1293 Our study reveals that the composition of the EPS matrix can determine the meso-scale physical structure of membrane biofilms and in turn its hydraulic resistance. 29331909 10 117 theme enriched 1592:1599 arg1 conditions 1615:1624 nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions 1583:1624 nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions 1583:1624 Biofilm grown under nutrient enriched or N limiting conditions were characterised by heterogeneous physical structures with lower concentrations of polysaccharides and eDNA. 29331909 12 118 theme physical 1984:1991 arg1 structure 1993:2001 physical structure 1984:2001 physical structure 1984:2001 This study links EPS composition, physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performances of GDM ultrafiltration. 29331909 4 119 dep condition 666:674 arg1 i 643:643 i 643:643 i 643:643 Nutrient conditions consisted of (i) a nutrient enriched condition with a nutrient ratio of 100:30:10 (C: N: P), (ii) a phosphorus limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:30:0), and (iii) a nitrogen limitation (C: N: P ratio: 100:0:10). 29331909 7 120 theme Raman 1116:1120 arg1 mapping 1122:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping 1104:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping 1104:1128 2D-confocal Raman mapping was used to characterise the functional group composition and micro-scale distribution of the biofilms EPS. 29331909 11 121 theme groups 1857:1862 arg1 distribution 1822:1833 a homogeneous spatial distribution 1800:1833 a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations 1800:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 11 122 with structures 1887:1896 arg1 polysaccharide 1910:1923 higher polysaccharide 1903:1923 higher polysaccharide 1903:1923 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 11 122 with structures 1887:1896 arg1 concentrations 1934:1947 eDNA concentrations 1929:1947 eDNA concentrations 1929:1947 For P limiting biofilms, 2D-confocal Raman microscopy revealed a homogeneous spatial distribution of anionic functional groups in homogeneous biofilm structures with higher polysaccharide and eDNA concentrations. 29331909 1 123 theme hydraulic 233:241 arg1 resistance 243:252 hydraulic resistance 233:252 hydraulic resistance 233:252 The effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the meso-scale physical structure and hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms during gravity driven membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated. 27372007 2 0 with enzymes 345:351 arg1 replacement 388:398 replacement 388:398 replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 388:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 6 1 theme catalytic 1061:1069 arg1 efficiency 1071:1080 The catalytic efficiency 1057:1080 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) 1057:1095 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) was even higher than that of parental proteins. 27372007 6 1 theme catalytic 1061:1069 arg1 higher 1106:1111 higher 1106:1111 higher 1106:1111 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) was even higher than that of parental proteins. 27372007 0 2 theme N-terminal 91:100 arg1 structure 114:122 the N-terminal semi-barrel structure 87:122 the N-terminal semi-barrel structure 87:122 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 2 3 theme glycosyl 274:281 arg1 family 298:303 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 274:305 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 274:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 4 dep Talaromyces 519:529 arg1 emersonii 531:539 Talaromyces emersonii 519:539 Talaromyces emersonii 519:539 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 3 5 theme 25.4±0.8mLs 694:704 arg1 efficiency 682:691 low catalytic efficiency 668:691 low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)) 668:715 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 3 5 theme 25.4±0.8mLs 694:704 arg1 mg 709:710 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 6 6 theme BaCel5 1085:1090 arg1 efficiency 1071:1080 The catalytic efficiency 1057:1080 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) 1057:1095 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) was even higher than that of parental proteins. 27372007 6 6 theme BaCel5 1085:1090 arg1 higher 1106:1111 higher 1106:1111 higher 1106:1111 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) was even higher than that of parental proteins. 27372007 2 7 from Talaromyces 519:529 arg1 sequences 493:501 the corresponding sequences 475:501 the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii 475:539 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 4 8 theme similar 766:772 arg1 properties 784:793 similar enzymatic properties 766:793 similar enzymatic properties 766:793 In contrast, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) showed similar enzymatic properties but improved catalytic performance. 27372007 3 9 theme optimal 624:630 arg1 activity 632:639 optimal activity 624:639 optimal activity 624:639 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 2 10 theme TeEgl5A 506:512 arg1 sequences 493:501 the corresponding sequences 475:501 the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii 475:539 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 3 11 contain had 664:666 arg1 BaCel5 607:612 BaCel5 607:612 BaCel5 607:612 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 3 11 contain had 664:666 arg2 mg 709:710 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 3 11 contain had 664:666 arg2 efficiency 682:691 low catalytic efficiency 668:691 low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)) 668:715 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 0 12 theme semi-barrel 102:112 arg1 structure 114:122 the N-terminal semi-barrel structure 87:122 the N-terminal semi-barrel structure 87:122 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 2 13 theme Pichia 558:563 arg1 pastoris 565:572 Pichia pastoris 558:572 Pichia pastoris 558:572 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 14 theme corresponding 479:491 arg1 sequences 493:501 the corresponding sequences 475:501 the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii 475:539 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 15 from antennata 320:328 arg1 BaCel5 354:359 BaCel5(127) 354:364 BaCel5(127) 354:364 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 15 from antennata 320:328 arg1 BaCel5 263:268 BaCel5 263:268 BaCel5 263:268 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 15 from antennata 320:328 arg1 family 298:303 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 274:305 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 274:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 15 from antennata 320:328 arg1 BaCel5 370:375 BaCel5(167) 370:380 BaCel5(167) 370:380 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 15 from antennata 320:328 arg1 enzymes 345:351 two hybrid enzymes 334:351 two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 334:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 15 from antennata 320:328 arg1 cellulase 252:260 A wild-type cellulase 240:260 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 240:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 7 16 theme molecular 1208:1216 arg1 simulation 1226:1235 molecular dynamic simulation 1208:1235 molecular dynamic simulation 1208:1235 The underlying mechanism was analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. 27372007 5 17 theme increased 950:958 arg1 activities 969:978 increased specific activities 950:978 increased specific activities 950:978 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 18 theme specific 960:967 arg1 activities 969:978 increased specific activities 950:978 increased specific activities 950:978 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 2 19 theme GH 294:295 arg1 family 298:303 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 274:305 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 274:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 0 20 theme catalytic 19:27 arg1 performance 29:39 the catalytic performance 15:39 the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase 15:72 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 7 21 theme dynamic 1218:1224 arg1 simulation 1226:1235 molecular dynamic simulation 1208:1235 molecular dynamic simulation 1208:1235 The underlying mechanism was analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. 27372007 6 22 theme parental 1126:1133 arg1 proteins 1135:1142 parental proteins 1126:1142 parental proteins 1126:1142 The catalytic efficiency of BaCel5(167) was even higher than that of parental proteins. 27372007 2 23 theme hydrolase 283:291 arg1 family 298:303 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 274:305 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 274:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 1 24 theme N-terminal 183:192 arg1 structure 194:202 the N-terminal structure 179:202 the N-terminal structure 179:202 The aim of this work was to study the contribution of the N-terminal structure to cellulase catalytic performance. 27372007 5 25 theme catalytic 984:992 arg1 efficiencies 994:1005 catalytic efficiencies 984:1005 catalytic efficiencies 984:1005 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 2 26 from cellulase 252:260 arg1 antennata 320:328 Bispora antennata 312:328 Bispora antennata 312:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 1 27 theme structure 194:202 arg1 contribution 163:174 the contribution 159:174 the contribution of the N-terminal structure to cellulase catalytic performance 159:237 The aim of this work was to study the contribution of the N-terminal structure to cellulase catalytic performance. 27372007 0 28 theme performance 29:39 arg1 Improvement 0:10 Improvement 0:10 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 0:123 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 4 29 theme catalytic 808:816 arg1 performance 818:828 catalytic performance 808:828 catalytic performance 808:828 In contrast, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) showed similar enzymatic properties but improved catalytic performance. 27372007 7 30 theme molecular 1186:1194 arg1 docking 1196:1202 molecular docking 1186:1202 molecular docking 1186:1202 The underlying mechanism was analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. 27372007 2 31 theme 3 422:422 arg1 replacement 388:398 replacement 388:398 replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 388:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 0 32 theme Bispora 46:52 arg1 cellulase 64:72 a Bispora antennata cellulase 44:72 a Bispora antennata cellulase 44:72 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 4 33 theme enzymatic 774:782 arg1 properties 784:793 similar enzymatic properties 766:793 similar enzymatic properties 766:793 In contrast, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) showed similar enzymatic properties but improved catalytic performance. 27372007 2 34 from enzymes 345:351 arg1 antennata 320:328 Bispora antennata 312:328 Bispora antennata 312:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 35 theme Bispora 312:318 arg1 antennata 320:328 Bispora antennata 312:328 Bispora antennata 312:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 5 36 contain had 946:948 arg2 efficiencies 994:1005 catalytic efficiencies 984:1005 catalytic efficiencies 984:1005 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 36 contain had 946:948 arg2 activities 969:978 increased specific activities 950:978 increased specific activities 950:978 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 36 contain had 946:948 arg1 167 941:943 167 941:943 167 941:943 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 36 contain had 946:948 arg1 BaCel5 934:939 BaCel5 934:939 BaCel5(167) 934:944 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 36 contain had 946:948 arg1 BaCel5 918:923 BaCel5(127) 918:928 BaCel5(127) 918:928 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 37 theme barley 850:855 arg1 lichenan 867:874 lichenan 867:874 lichenan 867:874 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 37 theme barley 850:855 arg1 CMC-Na 842:847 CMC-Na 842:847 CMC-Na 842:847 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 37 theme barley 850:855 arg1 β-glucan 857:864 barley β-glucan 850:864 barley β-glucan 850:864 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 37 theme barley 850:855 arg1 cellooligosaccharides 881:901 cellooligosaccharides 881:901 cellooligosaccharides 881:901 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 5 37 theme barley 850:855 arg1 substrates 906:915 substrates 906:915 substrates 906:915 When using CMC-Na, barley β-glucan, lichenan, and cellooligosaccharides as substrates, BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167) had increased specific activities and catalytic efficiencies by ∼1.8-6.7-fold and ∼1.0-4.7-fold, respectively. 27372007 2 38 with cellulase 252:260 arg1 replacement 388:398 replacement 388:398 replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 388:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 39 theme 4 446:446 arg1 replacement 388:398 replacement 388:398 replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 388:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 7 40 theme underlying 1149:1158 arg1 mechanism 1160:1168 The underlying mechanism 1145:1168 The underlying mechanism 1145:1168 The underlying mechanism was analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. 27372007 1 41 theme cellulase 207:215 arg1 performance 227:237 cellulase catalytic performance 207:237 cellulase catalytic performance 207:237 The aim of this work was to study the contribution of the N-terminal structure to cellulase catalytic performance. 27372007 2 42 dep enzymes 345:351 arg1 BaCel5 354:359 BaCel5(127) 354:364 BaCel5(127) 354:364 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 42 dep enzymes 345:351 arg1 enzymes 345:351 two hybrid enzymes 334:351 two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 334:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 42 dep enzymes 345:351 arg1 BaCel5 370:375 BaCel5(167) 370:380 BaCel5(167) 370:380 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 43 theme family 298:303 arg1 BaCel5 354:359 BaCel5(127) 354:364 BaCel5(127) 354:364 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 43 theme family 298:303 arg1 enzymes 345:351 two hybrid enzymes 334:351 two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 334:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 43 theme family 298:303 arg1 cellulase 252:260 A wild-type cellulase 240:260 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 240:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 43 theme family 298:303 arg1 BaCel5 263:268 BaCel5 263:268 BaCel5 263:268 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 43 theme family 298:303 arg1 BaCel5 370:375 BaCel5(167) 370:380 BaCel5(167) 370:380 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 1 44 theme catalytic 217:225 arg1 performance 227:237 cellulase catalytic performance 207:237 cellulase catalytic performance 207:237 The aim of this work was to study the contribution of the N-terminal structure to cellulase catalytic performance. 27372007 0 45 theme cellulase 64:72 arg1 performance 29:39 the catalytic performance 15:39 the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase 15:72 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 2 46 theme wild-type 242:250 arg1 BaCel5 263:268 BaCel5 263:268 BaCel5 263:268 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 46 theme wild-type 242:250 arg1 cellulase 252:260 A wild-type cellulase 240:260 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata 240:328 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 47 theme hybrid 338:343 arg1 BaCel5 354:359 BaCel5(127) 354:364 BaCel5(127) 354:364 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 47 theme hybrid 338:343 arg1 enzymes 345:351 two hybrid enzymes 334:351 two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues) 334:461 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 2 47 theme hybrid 338:343 arg1 BaCel5 370:375 BaCel5(167) 370:380 BaCel5(167) 370:380 A wild-type cellulase (BaCel5) of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 5 from Bispora antennata and two hybrid enzymes (BaCel5(127) and BaCel5(167)) with replacement of the N-terminal (βα)3 (127 residues) or (βα)4 (167 residues)-barrel with the corresponding sequences of TeEgl5A from Talaromyces emersonii were produced in Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. 27372007 3 48 theme low 668:670 arg1 efficiency 682:691 low catalytic efficiency 668:691 low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)) 668:715 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 3 48 theme low 668:670 arg1 mg 709:710 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 0 49 theme antennata 54:62 arg1 cellulase 64:72 a Bispora antennata cellulase 44:72 a Bispora antennata cellulase 44:72 Improvement of the catalytic performance of a Bispora antennata cellulase by replacing the N-terminal semi-barrel structure. 27372007 1 50 theme work 141:144 arg1 aim 129:131 The aim 125:131 The aim of this work 125:144 The aim of this work was to study the contribution of the N-terminal structure to cellulase catalytic performance. 27372007 3 51 theme catalytic 672:680 arg1 efficiency 682:691 low catalytic efficiency 668:691 low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)) 668:715 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27372007 3 51 theme catalytic 672:680 arg1 mg 709:710 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1) 694:714 BaCel5 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 50°C but had low catalytic efficiency (25.4±0.8mLs(-1)mg(-1)). 27615451 0 0 theme selective 102:110 arg1 permeation 116:125 selective ion permeation 102:125 selective ion permeation 102:125 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 2 1 with membrane 364:371 arg1 strength 394:401 high mechanical strength 378:401 high mechanical strength 378:401 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 2 1 with membrane 364:371 arg1 stability 418:426 structural stability 407:426 structural stability 407:426 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 6 2 theme fuel 1305:1308 arg1 separation 1310:1319 pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1286:1319 pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1286:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 5 3 theme permeation 965:974 arg1 properties 976:985 obviously discrepant permeation properties 944:985 obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size 944:1042 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 3 4 theme freestanding 506:517 arg1 membrane 529:536 a freestanding composite membrane 504:536 a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO 504:577 Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. 27615451 1 5 theme nanochannels 255:266 arg1 effect 241:246 the size exclusion effect 222:246 the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets 222:294 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 6 6 theme pharmaceutical 1286:1299 arg1 separation 1310:1319 pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1286:1319 pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1286:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 3 7 theme composite 519:527 arg1 membrane 529:536 a freestanding composite membrane 504:536 a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO 504:577 Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. 27615451 3 8 theme bacterial 547:555 arg1 BC 568:569 BC 568:569 BC 568:569 Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. 27615451 3 8 theme bacterial 547:555 arg1 cellulose 557:565 bacterial cellulose 547:565 bacterial cellulose (BC) 547:570 Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. 27615451 3 9 dep membrane 529:536 arg1 based 538:542 based 538:542 based on bacterial cellulose (BC) 538:570 Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. 27615451 3 9 dep membrane 529:536 arg1 GO 576:577 GO 576:577 GO 576:577 Here, a freestanding composite membrane based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and GO is designed and prepared. 27615451 0 10 theme ion 112:114 arg1 permeation 116:125 selective ion permeation 102:125 selective ion permeation 102:125 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 2 11 from application 465:475 arg1 solution 488:495 aqueous solution 480:495 aqueous solution 480:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 4 12 theme separation 857:866 arg1 applicability 868:880 its separation applicability 853:880 its separation applicability in water environment 853:901 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 4 13 theme composite 735:743 arg1 membrane 745:752 the BC + GO composite membrane 723:752 the BC + GO composite membrane 723:752 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 5 14 from separate 1079:1086 arg1 particular 1052:1061 particular 1052:1061 particular 1052:1061 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 4 15 theme GO 699:700 arg1 layers 702:707 the GO layers 695:707 the GO layers 695:707 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 4 16 theme improved 820:827 arg1 toughness 829:837 improved toughness 820:837 improved toughness 820:837 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 2 17 theme structural 407:416 arg1 stability 418:426 structural stability 407:426 structural stability 407:426 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 1 18 dep oxide 137:141 arg1 GO 144:145 GO 144:145 GO 144:145 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 2 19 theme mechanical 383:392 arg1 strength 394:401 high mechanical strength 378:401 high mechanical strength 378:401 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 5 20 from ions 1088:1091 arg1 nano-scale 1096:1105 nano-scale 1096:1105 nano-scale 1096:1105 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 6 21 theme biomedicine 1269:1279 arg1 applications 1218:1229 the applications 1214:1229 the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1214:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 5 22 theme inorganic/organic 1001:1017 arg1 ions 1019:1022 different inorganic/organic ions 991:1022 different inorganic/organic ions with different size 991:1042 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 6 23 from candidate 1201:1209 arg1 applications 1218:1229 the applications 1214:1229 the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1214:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 2 24 theme high 378:381 arg1 strength 394:401 high mechanical strength 378:401 high mechanical strength 378:401 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 0 25 theme bacterial 13:21 arg1 membranes 58:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 1 26 theme stacked 278:284 arg1 sheets 289:294 stacked GO sheets 278:294 stacked GO sheets 278:294 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 6 27 theme industry 1259:1266 arg1 applications 1218:1229 the applications 1214:1229 the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1214:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 4 28 theme spread 646:651 arg1 sheets 656:661 spread GO sheets 646:661 spread GO sheets 646:661 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 1 29 theme molecular 192:200 arg1 separation 202:211 molecular separation 192:211 molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets 192:294 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 0 30 theme oxide 42:46 arg1 membranes 58:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 5 31 theme different 1029:1037 arg1 size 1039:1042 different size 1029:1042 different size 1029:1042 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 4 32 theme BC + GO 727:733 arg1 membrane 745:752 the BC + GO composite membrane 723:752 the BC + GO composite membrane 723:752 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 5 33 from particular 1052:1061 arg1 separate 1079:1086 separate 1079:1086 separate 1079:1086 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 0 34 theme cellulose-graphene 23:40 arg1 membranes 58:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 5 35 theme different 991:999 arg1 ions 1019:1022 different inorganic/organic ions 991:1022 different inorganic/organic ions with different size 991:1042 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 1 36 theme Graphene 128:135 arg1 oxide 137:141 Graphene oxide 128:141 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes 128:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 1 37 theme based 148:152 arg1 membranes 154:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes 128:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes 128:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 2 38 theme aqueous 480:486 arg1 solution 488:495 aqueous solution 480:495 aqueous solution 480:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 6 39 theme novel 1144:1148 arg1 membrane 1160:1167 this novel composite membrane 1139:1167 this novel composite membrane 1139:1167 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 6 39 theme novel 1144:1148 arg1 candidate 1201:1209 a promising candidate 1189:1209 a promising candidate 1189:1209 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 6 40 theme food 1254:1257 arg1 industry 1259:1266 food industry 1254:1266 food industry 1254:1266 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 4 41 dep water-stability 764:778 arg1 excellent 781:789 excellent 781:789 excellent 781:789 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 0 42 theme composite 48:56 arg1 membranes 58:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes 13:66 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 4 43 theme porous 627:632 arg1 skeleton 634:641 a porous skeleton 625:641 a porous skeleton 625:641 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 0 44 theme high 73:76 arg1 strength 89:96 high mechanical strength 73:96 high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation 73:125 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 4 45 theme water 885:889 arg1 environment 891:901 water environment 885:901 water environment 885:901 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 6 46 theme purification 1240:1251 arg1 applications 1218:1229 the applications 1214:1229 the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1214:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 1 47 theme oxide 137:141 arg1 membranes 154:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes 128:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes 128:162 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 2 48 theme separation 454:463 arg1 application 465:475 separation application 454:475 separation application in aqueous solution 454:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 6 49 theme promising 1191:1199 arg1 membrane 1160:1167 this novel composite membrane 1139:1167 this novel composite membrane 1139:1167 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 6 49 theme promising 1191:1199 arg1 candidate 1201:1209 a promising candidate 1189:1209 a promising candidate 1189:1209 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 4 50 from applicability 868:880 arg1 environment 891:901 water environment 885:901 water environment 885:901 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 6 51 theme water 1234:1238 arg1 purification 1240:1251 water purification 1234:1251 water purification 1234:1251 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 5 52 theme resulting 908:916 arg1 membrane 926:933 The resulting BC + GO membrane 904:933 The resulting BC + GO membrane 904:933 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 4 53 dep sheets 656:661 arg1 GO 653:654 GO 653:654 GO 653:654 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 5 54 theme BC + GO 918:924 arg1 membrane 926:933 The resulting BC + GO membrane 904:933 The resulting BC + GO membrane 904:933 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 5 55 theme discrepant 954:963 arg1 properties 976:985 obviously discrepant permeation properties 944:985 obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size 944:1042 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 1 56 theme size 226:229 arg1 effect 241:246 the size exclusion effect 222:246 the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets 222:294 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 6 57 theme separation 1310:1319 arg1 applications 1218:1229 the applications 1214:1229 the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation 1214:1319 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 4 58 theme water-stability 764:778 arg1 strength 799:806 well water-stability, excellent tensile strength 759:806 well water-stability, excellent tensile strength 759:806 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 6 59 theme composite 1150:1158 arg1 membrane 1160:1167 this novel composite membrane 1139:1167 this novel composite membrane 1139:1167 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 6 59 theme composite 1150:1158 arg1 candidate 1201:1209 a promising candidate 1189:1209 a promising candidate 1189:1209 Therefore, this novel composite membrane is considered to be a promising candidate in the applications of water purification, food industry, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical and fuel separation. 27615451 1 60 theme exclusion 231:239 arg1 effect 241:246 the size exclusion effect 222:246 the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets 222:294 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 4 61 theme tensile 791:797 arg1 strength 799:806 well water-stability, excellent tensile strength 759:806 well water-stability, excellent tensile strength 759:806 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 27615451 2 62 theme GO-based 355:362 arg1 prerequisite 437:448 prerequisite 437:448 prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution 437:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 2 62 theme GO-based 355:362 arg1 membrane 364:371 a freestanding GO-based membrane 340:371 a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution 340:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 0 63 theme mechanical 78:87 arg1 strength 89:96 high mechanical strength 73:96 high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation 73:125 Freestanding bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composite membranes with high mechanical strength for selective ion permeation. 27615451 1 64 dep sheets 289:294 arg1 GO 286:287 GO 286:287 GO 286:287 Graphene oxide (GO) based membranes have been widely applied in molecular separation based on the size exclusion effect of the nanochannels formed by stacked GO sheets. 27615451 5 65 from angstrom-scale 1112:1125 arg1 separate 1079:1086 separate 1079:1086 separate 1079:1086 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 2 66 theme freestanding 342:353 arg1 prerequisite 437:448 prerequisite 437:448 prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution 437:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 2 66 theme freestanding 342:353 arg1 membrane 364:371 a freestanding GO-based membrane 340:371 a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution 340:495 However, it's still a challenge to prepare a freestanding GO-based membrane with high mechanical strength and structural stability which is prerequisite for separation application in aqueous solution. 27615451 5 67 with ions 1019:1022 arg1 size 1039:1042 different size 1029:1042 different size 1029:1042 The resulting BC + GO membrane exhibits obviously discrepant permeation properties for different inorganic/organic ions with different size, and in particular, it can quickly separate ions in nano-scale from angstrom-scale. 27615451 4 68 theme BC 605:606 arg1 network 608:614 BC network 605:614 BC network 605:614 BC network provides a porous skeleton to spread GO sheets and uniformly incorporates into the GO layers, which endows the BC + GO composite membrane with well water-stability, excellent tensile strength, as well as improved toughness, guaranteeing its separation applicability in water environment. 28625998 1 0 from bottom 214:219 arg1 electrode 192:200 a graphite working electrode 173:200 a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom 173:219 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 3 1 theme current-generating 680:697 arg1 V 716:716 at +0.4 V 708:716 at +0.4 V 708:716 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 3 1 theme current-generating 680:697 arg1 biofilm 699:705 current-generating biofilm 680:705 current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) 680:717 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 9 2 theme present 1987:1993 arg1 study 1995:1999 The present study 1983:1999 The present study 1983:1999 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 6 3 theme cells 1421:1425 arg1 application 1391:1401 A promising application 1379:1401 A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) 1379:1432 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 10 4 theme as-yet-undiscovered 2276:2294 arg1 mechanisms 2315:2324 as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms 2276:2324 as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms 2276:2347 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 1 5 theme oneidensis 252:261 arg1 MR-1 263:266 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 241:266 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein 241:310 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 5 6 from V 1177:1177 arg1 EPSs 1164:1167 EPSs 1164:1167 EPSs at +0.4 V 1164:1177 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 6 from V 1177:1177 arg1 production 1150:1159 the production 1146:1159 the production of EPSs at +0.4 V 1146:1177 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 8 7 theme limited 1856:1862 arg1 information 1864:1874 limited information 1856:1874 limited information 1856:1874 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 1 8 theme standard 435:442 arg1 electrodes 453:462 standard hydrogen electrodes 435:462 standard hydrogen electrodes 435:462 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 1 8 theme standard 435:442 arg1 V 425:425 +0.4 and 0 V 414:425 +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes) 414:463 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 5 9 from amounts 972:978 arg1 biofilm 1034:1040 the +0.4-V biofilm 1023:1040 the +0.4-V biofilm 1023:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 1 10 theme working 184:190 arg1 electrode 192:200 a graphite working electrode 173:200 a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom 173:219 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 5 11 from production 1150:1159 arg1 V 1177:1177 +0.4 V 1172:1177 +0.4 V 1172:1177 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 8 12 theme massive 1704:1710 arg1 work 1712:1715 massive work 1704:1715 massive work 1704:1715 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 10 13 theme Shewanella 2329:2338 arg1 biofilms 2340:2347 Shewanella biofilms 2329:2347 Shewanella biofilms 2329:2347 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 1 14 theme current 375:381 arg1 generation 383:392 current generation 375:392 current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes) 375:463 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 7 15 theme wastewater 1564:1573 arg1 flows 1555:1559 horizontal flows 1544:1559 horizontal flows of wastewater 1544:1573 Since current is generated in these MFCs by biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater, it is important to understand the mechanisms for biofilm formation and current generation under water-flow conditions. 28625998 2 16 theme mechanisms 577:586 arg1 presence 540:547 the presence 536:547 the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm 536:608 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 5 17 theme extracellular 983:995 arg1 EPSs 1014:1017 EPSs 1014:1017 EPSs 1014:1017 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 17 theme extracellular 983:995 arg1 polysaccharides 997:1011 extracellular polysaccharides 983:1011 extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm 983:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 1 18 theme WE 397:398 arg1 potentials 400:409 WE potentials 397:409 WE potentials 397:409 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 2 19 theme unique 552:557 arg1 mechanisms 577:586 unique electron-transfer mechanisms 552:586 unique electron-transfer mechanisms 552:586 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 10 20 theme unique 2175:2180 arg1 features 2182:2189 unique features 2175:2189 unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current 2175:2236 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 8 21 theme current-generating 1916:1933 arg1 biofilms 1935:1942 current-generating biofilms 1916:1942 current-generating biofilms 1916:1942 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 1 22 theme Shewanella 241:250 arg1 MR-1 263:266 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 241:266 Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein 241:310 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 3 23 dep thin 723:726 arg1 μm 742:743 ∼10 μm 738:743 ∼10 μm in thickness 738:756 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 3 24 theme Microscopic 611:621 arg1 analyses 623:630 Microscopic analyses 611:630 Microscopic analyses 611:630 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 8 25 theme molecular 1746:1754 arg1 mechanisms 1756:1765 the molecular mechanisms 1742:1765 the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis 1742:1853 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 1 26 theme flow 149:152 arg1 cell 154:157 An electrochemical flow cell 130:157 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom 130:219 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 7 27 theme biofilm 1521:1527 arg1 microbes 1529:1536 biofilm microbes 1521:1536 biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater 1521:1573 Since current is generated in these MFCs by biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater, it is important to understand the mechanisms for biofilm formation and current generation under water-flow conditions. 28625998 6 28 theme Shewanella 1218:1227 arg1 cells 1229:1233 Shewanella cells 1218:1233 Shewanella cells 1218:1233 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 5 29 from polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 biofilm 1034:1040 the +0.4-V biofilm 1023:1040 the +0.4-V biofilm 1023:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 6 30 dep structure 1282:1290 arg1 the 1278:1280 the 1278:1280 the 1278:1280 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 7 31 theme current 1647:1653 arg1 generation 1655:1664 current generation 1647:1664 current generation under water-flow conditions 1647:1692 Since current is generated in these MFCs by biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater, it is important to understand the mechanisms for biofilm formation and current generation under water-flow conditions. 28625998 2 32 theme Electrochemical 501:515 arg1 analyses 517:524 Electrochemical analyses 501:524 Electrochemical analyses 501:524 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 0 33 theme Graphite 79:86 arg1 Electrodes 88:97 Graphite Electrodes 79:97 Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells 79:127 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 5 34 theme fluorescence 901:912 arg1 staining 914:921 In situ fluorescence staining 893:921 In situ fluorescence staining 893:921 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 9 35 theme flow 2027:2030 arg1 cells 2032:2036 electrochemical flow cells 2011:2036 electrochemical flow cells 2011:2036 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 8 36 theme model 1793:1797 arg1 oneidensis 1844:1853 Shewanella oneidensis 1833:1853 Shewanella oneidensis 1833:1853 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 8 36 theme model 1793:1797 arg1 bacteria 1815:1822 model exoelectrogenic bacteria 1793:1822 model exoelectrogenic bacteria 1793:1822 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 1 37 theme anaerobic 282:290 arg1 protein 304:310 an anaerobic fluorescent protein 279:310 an anaerobic fluorescent protein 279:310 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 0 38 theme Biofilms 60:67 arg1 Compositions 12:23 Compositions 12:23 Compositions 12:23 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 0 38 theme Biofilms 60:67 arg1 Activities 30:39 Activities 30:39 Activities 30:39 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 0 38 theme Biofilms 60:67 arg1 Structures 0:9 Structures 0:9 Structures 0:9 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 10 39 from mechanisms 2315:2324 arg1 biofilms 2340:2347 Shewanella biofilms 2329:2347 Shewanella biofilms 2329:2347 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 6 40 theme promising 1381:1389 arg1 application 1391:1401 A promising application 1379:1401 A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) 1379:1432 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 6 41 dep electrons 1344:1352 arg1 is 1434:1435 is 1434:1435 is to save energy in wastewater treatment 1434:1474 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 5 42 theme In 893:894 arg1 staining 914:921 In situ fluorescence staining 893:921 In situ fluorescence staining 893:921 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 1 43 theme fluorescent 292:302 arg1 protein 304:310 an anaerobic fluorescent protein 279:310 an anaerobic fluorescent protein 279:310 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 10 44 theme biofilms 2201:2208 arg1 features 2182:2189 unique features 2175:2189 unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current 2175:2236 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 5 45 theme aerobic 1078:1084 arg1 biofilms 1094:1101 the aerobic and 0-V biofilms 1074:1101 the aerobic and 0-V biofilms 1074:1101 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 0 46 theme Shewanella 49:58 arg1 Biofilms 60:67 Live Shewanella Biofilms 44:67 Live Shewanella Biofilms 44:67 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 1 47 from formation 325:333 arg1 WE 342:343 WE 342:343 WE 342:343 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 5 48 theme 0-V 1090:1092 arg1 biofilms 1094:1101 the aerobic and 0-V biofilms 1074:1101 the aerobic and 0-V biofilms 1074:1101 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 1 49 theme biofilm 317:323 arg1 formation 325:333 biofilm formation 317:333 biofilm formation on the WE 317:343 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 9 50 theme structural 2087:2096 arg1 features 2098:2105 the electrochemical and structural features 2063:2105 the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms 2063:2136 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 5 51 theme recovery 935:942 arg1 experiments 944:954 biofilm recovery experiments 927:954 biofilm recovery experiments 927:954 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 3 52 theme aerobic 662:668 arg1 biofilms 670:677 aerobic biofilms 662:677 aerobic biofilms 662:677 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 1 53 dep electrode 192:200 arg1 WE 203:204 WE 203:204 WE 203:204 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 9 54 theme biofilms 2129:2136 arg1 features 2098:2105 the electrochemical and structural features 2063:2105 the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms 2063:2136 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 2 55 theme +0.4-V 595:600 arg1 biofilm 602:608 the +0.4-V biofilm 591:608 the +0.4-V biofilm 591:608 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 9 56 theme electrochemical 2067:2081 arg1 features 2098:2105 the electrochemical and structural features 2063:2105 the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms 2063:2136 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 9 57 theme water-flow 2144:2153 arg1 conditions 2155:2164 water-flow conditions 2144:2164 water-flow conditions 2144:2164 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 8 58 theme Shewanella 1833:1842 arg1 oneidensis 1844:1853 Shewanella oneidensis 1833:1853 Shewanella oneidensis 1833:1853 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 6 59 theme fuel 1416:1419 arg1 MFCs 1428:1431 MFCs 1428:1431 MFCs 1428:1431 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 6 59 theme fuel 1416:1419 arg1 cells 1421:1425 microbial fuel cells 1406:1425 microbial fuel cells (MFCs) 1406:1432 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 3 60 dep biofilms 670:677 arg1 contrast 650:657 contrast 650:657 contrast 650:657 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 9 61 used used 2042:2045 arg2 study 1995:1999 The present study 1983:1999 The present study 1983:1999 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 1 62 theme V 425:425 arg1 generation 383:392 current generation 375:392 current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes) 375:463 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 6 63 theme biofilms 1311:1318 arg1 composition 1296:1306 composition 1296:1306 composition 1296:1306 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 6 63 theme biofilms 1311:1318 arg1 structure 1282:1290 structure 1282:1290 structure 1282:1290 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 1 64 theme graphite 175:182 arg1 electrode 192:200 a graphite working electrode 173:200 a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom 173:219 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 1 65 theme hydrogen 444:451 arg1 electrodes 453:462 standard hydrogen electrodes 435:462 standard hydrogen electrodes 435:462 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 1 65 theme hydrogen 444:451 arg1 V 425:425 +0.4 and 0 V 414:425 +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes) 414:463 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 6 66 theme wastewater 1455:1464 arg1 treatment 1466:1474 wastewater treatment 1455:1474 wastewater treatment 1455:1474 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 10 67 theme mature 2194:2199 arg1 biofilms 2201:2208 mature biofilms 2194:2208 mature biofilms actively generating current 2194:2236 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 6 68 theme electrode 1244:1252 arg1 potentials 1254:1263 electrode potentials 1244:1263 electrode potentials 1244:1263 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 5 69 theme +0.4-V 1027:1032 arg1 biofilm 1034:1040 the +0.4-V biofilm 1023:1040 the +0.4-V biofilm 1023:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 11 70 theme treatment 2497:2505 arg1 MFCs 2507:2510 wastewater treatment MFCs 2486:2510 wastewater treatment MFCs 2486:2510 Furthermore, information provided in the present study is useful for researchers attempting to develop anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs. 28625998 7 71 theme horizontal 1544:1553 arg1 flows 1555:1559 horizontal flows 1544:1559 horizontal flows of wastewater 1544:1573 Since current is generated in these MFCs by biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater, it is important to understand the mechanisms for biofilm formation and current generation under water-flow conditions. 28625998 2 72 theme electron-transfer 559:575 arg1 mechanisms 577:586 unique electron-transfer mechanisms 552:586 unique electron-transfer mechanisms 552:586 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 11 73 theme wastewater 2486:2495 arg1 MFCs 2507:2510 wastewater treatment MFCs 2486:2510 wastewater treatment MFCs 2486:2510 Furthermore, information provided in the present study is useful for researchers attempting to develop anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs. 28625998 8 74 theme biofilms 1935:1942 arg1 formation 1903:1911 the formation 1899:1911 the formation of current-generating biofilms 1899:1942 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 5 75 theme polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 EPSs 1014:1017 EPSs 1014:1017 EPSs 1014:1017 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 75 theme polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 amounts 972:978 the amounts 968:978 the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm 968:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 75 theme polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 polysaccharides 997:1011 extracellular polysaccharides 983:1011 extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm 983:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 75 theme polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 smaller 1052:1058 smaller 1052:1058 smaller 1052:1058 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 0 76 from Electrodes 88:97 arg1 Cells 123:127 Electrochemical Flow Cells 102:127 Electrochemical Flow Cells 102:127 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 2 77 attach presence 540:547 arg2 mechanisms 577:586 unique electron-transfer mechanisms 552:586 unique electron-transfer mechanisms 552:586 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 2 77 attach presence 540:547 arg1 biofilm 602:608 the +0.4-V biofilm 591:608 the +0.4-V biofilm 591:608 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 1 78 from potentials 400:409 arg1 generation 383:392 current generation 375:392 current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes) 375:463 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 1 79 theme electrochemical 133:147 arg1 cell 154:157 An electrochemical flow cell 130:157 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom 130:219 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 5 80 dep In 893:894 arg1 situ 896:899 situ 896:899 situ 896:899 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 8 81 theme water-flow 1960:1969 arg1 conditions 1971:1980 water-flow conditions 1960:1980 water-flow conditions 1960:1980 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 7 82 theme water-flow 1672:1681 arg1 conditions 1683:1692 water-flow conditions 1672:1692 water-flow conditions 1672:1692 Since current is generated in these MFCs by biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater, it is important to understand the mechanisms for biofilm formation and current generation under water-flow conditions. 28625998 0 83 theme Flow 118:121 arg1 Cells 123:127 Electrochemical Flow Cells 102:127 Electrochemical Flow Cells 102:127 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 3 84 from μm 742:743 arg1 thickness 748:756 thickness 748:756 thickness 748:756 Microscopic analyses revealed that, in contrast to aerobic biofilms, current-generating biofilm (at +0.4 V) was thin and flat (∼10 μm in thickness), and cells were evenly and densely distributed in the biofilm. 28625998 5 85 theme flow 1185:1188 arg1 conditions 1190:1199 flow conditions 1185:1199 flow conditions 1185:1199 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 9 86 theme electrochemical 2011:2025 arg1 cells 2032:2036 electrochemical flow cells 2011:2036 electrochemical flow cells 2011:2036 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 28625998 0 87 theme Electrochemical 102:116 arg1 Cells 123:127 Electrochemical Flow Cells 102:127 Electrochemical Flow Cells 102:127 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 8 88 theme current 1771:1777 arg1 generation 1779:1788 current generation 1771:1788 current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis 1771:1853 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 10 89 theme current-generating 2296:2313 arg1 mechanisms 2315:2324 as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms 2276:2324 as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms 2276:2347 We show unique features of mature biofilms actively generating current, creating opportunities to search for as-yet-undiscovered current-generating mechanisms in Shewanella biofilms. 28625998 6 90 theme microbial 1406:1414 arg1 MFCs 1428:1431 MFCs 1428:1431 MFCs 1428:1431 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 6 90 theme microbial 1406:1414 arg1 cells 1421:1425 microbial fuel cells 1406:1425 microbial fuel cells (MFCs) 1406:1432 We suggest that Shewanella cells perceive electrode potentials and modulate the structure and composition of biofilms to efficiently transfer electrons to electrodes.IMPORTANCE A promising application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is to save energy in wastewater treatment. 28625998 7 91 theme biofilm 1625:1631 arg1 formation 1633:1641 biofilm formation 1625:1641 biofilm formation 1625:1641 Since current is generated in these MFCs by biofilm microbes under horizontal flows of wastewater, it is important to understand the mechanisms for biofilm formation and current generation under water-flow conditions. 28625998 11 92 theme anode 2453:2457 arg1 architectures 2459:2471 anode architectures 2453:2471 anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs 2453:2510 Furthermore, information provided in the present study is useful for researchers attempting to develop anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs. 28625998 5 93 from biofilm 1034:1040 arg1 EPSs 1014:1017 EPSs 1014:1017 EPSs 1014:1017 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 93 from biofilm 1034:1040 arg1 amounts 972:978 the amounts 968:978 the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm 968:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 93 from biofilm 1034:1040 arg1 polysaccharides 997:1011 extracellular polysaccharides 983:1011 extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm 983:1040 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 5 93 from biofilm 1034:1040 arg1 smaller 1052:1058 smaller 1052:1058 smaller 1052:1058 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 8 94 theme exoelectrogenic 1799:1813 arg1 oneidensis 1844:1853 Shewanella oneidensis 1833:1853 Shewanella oneidensis 1833:1853 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 8 94 theme exoelectrogenic 1799:1813 arg1 bacteria 1815:1822 model exoelectrogenic bacteria 1793:1822 model exoelectrogenic bacteria 1793:1822 Although massive work has been done to analyze the molecular mechanisms for current generation by model exoelectrogenic bacteria, such as Shewanella oneidensis, limited information is available regarding the formation of current-generating biofilms over time under water-flow conditions. 28625998 5 95 theme Shewanella 1120:1129 arg1 cells 1131:1135 Shewanella cells 1120:1135 Shewanella cells 1120:1135 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 0 96 theme Live 44:47 arg1 Biofilms 60:67 Live Shewanella Biofilms 44:67 Live Shewanella Biofilms 44:67 Structures, Compositions, and Activities of Live Shewanella Biofilms Formed on Graphite Electrodes in Electrochemical Flow Cells. 28625998 11 97 theme suitable 2473:2480 arg1 architectures 2459:2471 anode architectures 2453:2471 anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs 2453:2510 Furthermore, information provided in the present study is useful for researchers attempting to develop anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs. 28625998 5 98 theme biofilm 927:933 arg1 experiments 944:954 biofilm recovery experiments 927:954 biofilm recovery experiments 927:954 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 11 99 theme present 2391:2397 arg1 study 2399:2403 the present study 2387:2403 the present study 2387:2403 Furthermore, information provided in the present study is useful for researchers attempting to develop anode architectures suitable for wastewater treatment MFCs. 28625998 1 100 theme electrolyte-flow 472:487 arg1 conditions 489:498 electrolyte-flow conditions 472:498 electrolyte-flow conditions 472:498 An electrochemical flow cell equipped with a graphite working electrode (WE) at the bottom was inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 expressing an anaerobic fluorescent protein, and biofilm formation on the WE was observed over time during current generation at WE potentials of +0.4 and 0 V (versus standard hydrogen electrodes), under electrolyte-flow conditions. 28625998 5 101 theme EPSs 1164:1167 arg1 production 1150:1159 the production 1146:1159 the production of EPSs at +0.4 V 1146:1177 In situ fluorescence staining and biofilm recovery experiments showed that the amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) in the +0.4-V biofilm were much smaller than those in the aerobic and 0-V biofilms, suggesting that Shewanella cells suppress the production of EPSs at +0.4 V under flow conditions. 28625998 2 102 from presence 540:547 arg1 biofilm 602:608 the +0.4-V biofilm 591:608 the +0.4-V biofilm 591:608 Electrochemical analyses suggested the presence of unique electron-transfer mechanisms in the +0.4-V biofilm. 28625998 9 103 theme current-generating 2110:2127 arg1 biofilms 2129:2136 current-generating biofilms 2110:2136 current-generating biofilms 2110:2136 The present study developed electrochemical flow cells and used them to examine the electrochemical and structural features of current-generating biofilms under water-flow conditions. 27545408 0 0 theme fatigue 85:91 arg1 syndrome 93:100 chronic fatigue syndrome 77:100 chronic fatigue syndrome 77:100 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 7 1 theme the 797:799 arg1 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors 782:809 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 7 1 theme the 797:799 arg1 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 10 2 theme pathways 1352:1359 arg1 restoration 1321:1331 the restoration 1317:1331 the restoration of these disturbed pathways 1317:1359 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS was partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways. 27545408 2 3 theme fatigue 353:359 arg1 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 3 theme fatigue 353:359 arg1 syndrome 361:368 chronic fatigue syndrome 345:368 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 345:374 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 4 4 theme rats 459:462 arg1 model 450:454 A CFS model 444:454 A CFS model of rats 444:462 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 0 5 theme chronic 77:83 arg1 syndrome 93:100 chronic fatigue syndrome 77:100 chronic fatigue syndrome 77:100 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 0 6 from mechanism 10:18 arg1 chinensis 56:64 chinensis 56:64 chinensis 56:64 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 2 7 theme chronic 345:351 arg1 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 7 theme chronic 345:351 arg1 syndrome 361:368 chronic fatigue syndrome 345:368 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 345:374 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 10 8 theme therapeutic 1255:1265 arg1 due 1310:1312 due 1310:1312 due 1310:1312 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS was partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways. 27545408 10 8 theme therapeutic 1255:1265 arg1 mechanism 1267:1275 The therapeutic mechanism 1251:1275 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS 1251:1294 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS was partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways. 27545408 4 9 theme urinary 488:494 arg1 studies 508:514 the urinary metabonomic studies 484:514 the urinary metabonomic studies 484:514 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 2 10 theme polysaccharide 288:301 arg1 effect 252:257 the therapeutic effect 236:257 the therapeutic effect 236:257 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 10 theme polysaccharide 288:301 arg1 mechanism 273:281 metabolic mechanism 263:281 metabolic mechanism 263:281 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 0 11 from chinensis 56:64 arg1 mechanism 10:18 Metabolic mechanism 0:18 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis 0:64 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 0 11 from chinensis 56:64 arg1 polysaccharide 25:38 a polysaccharide 23:38 a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis 23:64 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 9 12 theme TCA 1101:1103 arg1 pathways 1223:1230 significant metabolic pathways 1201:1230 significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP 1201:1248 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 9 12 theme TCA 1101:1103 arg1 alanine 1138:1144 alanine 1138:1144 alanine 1138:1144 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 9 12 theme TCA 1101:1103 arg1 cycle 1105:1109 The TCA cycle 1097:1109 The TCA cycle 1097:1109 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 6 13 theme acid 729:732 arg1 composition 734:744 The amino acid composition 719:744 The amino acid composition of SCP 719:751 The amino acid composition of SCP consisted of 12 amino acids. 27545408 2 14 from fruits 335:340 arg1 effect 252:257 the therapeutic effect 236:257 the therapeutic effect 236:257 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 14 from fruits 335:340 arg1 mechanism 273:281 metabolic mechanism 263:281 metabolic mechanism 263:281 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 14 from fruits 335:340 arg1 polysaccharide 288:301 a polysaccharide 286:301 a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits 286:340 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 14 from fruits 335:340 arg1 SCP 304:306 SCP 304:306 SCP 304:306 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 6 15 theme amino 723:727 arg1 composition 734:744 The amino acid composition 719:744 The amino acid composition of SCP 719:751 The amino acid composition of SCP consisted of 12 amino acids. 27545408 7 16 from behaviors 801:809 arg1 group 840:844 the CFS model group 826:844 the CFS model group 826:844 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 7 17 theme model 834:838 arg1 group 840:844 the CFS model group 826:844 the CFS model group 826:844 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 9 18 theme significant 1201:1211 arg1 cycle 1105:1109 The TCA cycle 1097:1109 The TCA cycle 1097:1109 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 9 18 theme significant 1201:1211 arg1 alanine 1138:1144 alanine 1138:1144 alanine 1138:1144 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 9 18 theme significant 1201:1211 arg1 pathways 1223:1230 significant metabolic pathways 1201:1230 significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP 1201:1248 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 10 19 theme SCP 1280:1282 arg1 due 1310:1312 due 1310:1312 due 1310:1312 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS was partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways. 27545408 10 19 theme SCP 1280:1282 arg1 mechanism 1267:1275 The therapeutic mechanism 1251:1275 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS 1251:1294 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS was partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways. 27545408 3 20 theme physicochemical 402:416 arg1 properties 418:427 the physicochemical properties 398:427 the physicochemical properties 398:427 SCP was isolated and the physicochemical properties were analyzed. 27545408 0 21 theme Metabolic 0:8 arg1 mechanism 10:18 Metabolic mechanism 0:18 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis 0:64 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 4 22 theme chromatography 541:554 arg1 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 22 theme chromatography 541:554 arg1 spectrometry 576:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry 537:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) 537:599 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 9 23 theme metabolic 1213:1221 arg1 cycle 1105:1109 The TCA cycle 1097:1109 The TCA cycle 1097:1109 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 9 23 theme metabolic 1213:1221 arg1 alanine 1138:1144 alanine 1138:1144 alanine 1138:1144 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 9 23 theme metabolic 1213:1221 arg1 pathways 1223:1230 significant metabolic pathways 1201:1230 significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP 1201:1248 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 2 24 from effect 252:257 arg1 fruits 335:340 Schisandra chinensis fruits 314:340 Schisandra chinensis fruits 314:340 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 24 from effect 252:257 arg1 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 24 from effect 252:257 arg1 syndrome 361:368 chronic fatigue syndrome 345:368 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 345:374 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 10 25 theme disturbed 1342:1350 arg1 pathways 1352:1359 these disturbed pathways 1336:1359 these disturbed pathways 1336:1359 The therapeutic mechanism of SCP against CFS was partially due to the restoration of these disturbed pathways. 27545408 4 26 theme gas 537:539 arg1 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 26 theme gas 537:539 arg1 spectrometry 576:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry 537:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) 537:599 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 7 27 theme SCP 908:910 arg1 treatment 912:920 SCP treatment 908:920 SCP treatment 908:920 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 1 28 theme Schisandra 103:112 arg1 fruits 124:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 1 28 theme Schisandra 103:112 arg1 medicine 164:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine 135:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue 135:201 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 7 29 theme CFS 830:832 arg1 group 840:844 the CFS model group 826:844 the CFS model group 826:844 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 1 30 theme fatigue 195:201 arg1 kinds 186:190 all kinds 182:190 all kinds of fatigue 182:201 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 9 31 dep cycle 1105:1109 arg1 pathways 1121:1128 metabolic pathways 1111:1128 metabolic pathways 1111:1128 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 4 32 theme mass 571:574 arg1 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 32 theme mass 571:574 arg1 spectrometry 576:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry 537:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) 537:599 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 9 33 dep alanine 1138:1144 arg1 metabolism 1171:1180 metabolism 1171:1180 metabolism 1171:1180 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 1 34 theme chinensis 114:122 arg1 fruits 124:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 1 34 theme chinensis 114:122 arg1 medicine 164:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine 135:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue 135:201 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 7 35 theme rats 818:821 arg1 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors 782:809 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 7 35 theme rats 818:821 arg1 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 4 36 theme statistical 634:644 arg1 analysis 646:653 multivariate statistical analysis 621:653 multivariate statistical analysis 621:653 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 37 theme time-of-flight 556:569 arg1 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 GC-TOF-MS 590:598 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 37 theme time-of-flight 556:569 arg1 spectrometry 576:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry 537:587 gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) 537:599 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 7 38 from rats 818:821 arg1 group 840:844 the CFS model group 826:844 the CFS model group 826:844 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 0 39 theme polysaccharide 25:38 arg1 mechanism 10:18 Metabolic mechanism 0:18 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis 0:64 Metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis to relieve chronic fatigue syndrome. 27545408 7 40 theme growth 786:791 arg1 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors 782:809 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 7 40 theme growth 786:791 arg1 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 8 41 theme SCP 1082:1084 arg1 treatment 1086:1094 the SCP treatment 1078:1094 the SCP treatment 1078:1094 Analysis of the GC-TOF-MS revealed that twelve metabolites were significantly changed, and six metabolites were oppositely and significantly changed after the SCP treatment. 27545408 9 42 theme metabolic 1111:1119 arg1 pathways 1121:1128 metabolic pathways 1111:1128 metabolic pathways 1111:1128 The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP. 27545408 4 43 theme metabonomic 496:506 arg1 studies 508:514 the urinary metabonomic studies 484:514 the urinary metabonomic studies 484:514 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 44 theme CFS 446:448 arg1 model 450:454 A CFS model 444:454 A CFS model of rats 444:462 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 4 45 with combination 604:614 arg1 analysis 646:653 multivariate statistical analysis 621:653 multivariate statistical analysis 621:653 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 6 46 theme amino 769:773 arg1 acids 775:779 12 amino acids 766:779 12 amino acids 766:779 The amino acid composition of SCP consisted of 12 amino acids. 27545408 5 47 theme protein-bound 689:701 arg1 polysaccharide 703:716 a protein-bound polysaccharide 687:716 a protein-bound polysaccharide 687:716 The results showed that SCP is a protein-bound polysaccharide. 27545408 5 47 theme protein-bound 689:701 arg1 SCP 680:682 SCP 680:682 SCP 680:682 The results showed that SCP is a protein-bound polysaccharide. 27545408 2 48 theme metabolic 263:271 arg1 mechanism 273:281 metabolic mechanism 263:281 metabolic mechanism 263:281 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 49 theme chinensis 325:333 arg1 fruits 335:340 Schisandra chinensis fruits 314:340 Schisandra chinensis fruits 314:340 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 50 from mechanism 273:281 arg1 fruits 335:340 Schisandra chinensis fruits 314:340 Schisandra chinensis fruits 314:340 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 50 from mechanism 273:281 arg1 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 CFS 371:373 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 2 50 from mechanism 273:281 arg1 syndrome 361:368 chronic fatigue syndrome 345:368 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) 345:374 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 7 51 from group 840:844 arg1 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors 782:809 behaviors 801:809 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 7 51 from group 840:844 arg1 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 worse 851:855 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 1 52 theme famous 137:142 arg1 fruits 124:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 1 52 theme famous 137:142 arg1 medicine 164:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine 135:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue 135:201 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 7 53 theme control 875:881 arg1 group 883:887 the control group 871:887 the control group 871:887 The growth and the behaviors of the rats in the CFS model group were worse than those in the control group and improved after SCP treatment. 27545408 6 54 theme SCP 749:751 arg1 composition 734:744 The amino acid composition 719:744 The amino acid composition of SCP 719:751 The amino acid composition of SCP consisted of 12 amino acids. 27545408 1 55 theme traditional 144:154 arg1 fruits 124:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 1 55 theme traditional 144:154 arg1 medicine 164:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine 135:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue 135:201 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 4 56 theme multivariate 621:632 arg1 analysis 646:653 multivariate statistical analysis 621:653 multivariate statistical analysis 621:653 A CFS model of rats was established and the urinary metabonomic studies were performed using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) in combination with multivariate statistical analysis. 27545408 2 57 theme therapeutic 240:250 arg1 effect 252:257 the therapeutic effect 236:257 the therapeutic effect 236:257 This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and metabolic mechanism of a polysaccharide (SCP) from Schisandra chinensis fruits on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). 27545408 8 58 theme GC-TOF-MS 939:947 arg1 Analysis 923:930 Analysis 923:930 Analysis of the GC-TOF-MS 923:947 Analysis of the GC-TOF-MS revealed that twelve metabolites were significantly changed, and six metabolites were oppositely and significantly changed after the SCP treatment. 27545408 1 59 theme Chinese 156:162 arg1 fruits 124:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits 103:129 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 27545408 1 59 theme Chinese 156:162 arg1 medicine 164:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine 135:171 a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue 135:201 Schisandra chinensis fruits are a famous traditional Chinese medicine to treat all kinds of fatigue. 29055704 10 0 theme current 1480:1486 arg1 study 1488:1492 current study 1480:1492 current study 1480:1492 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 4 1 theme molecular 659:667 arg1 fraction 685:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction 655:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 655:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 2 2 from japonica 441:448 arg1 fractions 392:400 different fucoidan fractions 373:400 different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 373:448 In the current study, we first isolated and characterized different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica. 29055704 1 3 theme Different 152:160 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides 152:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides 152:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 9 4 theme FGF-8 1424:1428 arg1 presence 1412:1419 the presence 1408:1419 the presence of FGF-8 1408:1428 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 0 5 from study 12:16 arg1 activation 126:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation 106:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 106:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 9 6 theme BaF3 1381:1384 arg1 proliferation 1391:1403 BaF3 cell proliferation 1381:1403 BaF3 cell proliferation 1381:1403 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 1 7 theme sulfated 162:169 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides 152:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides 152:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 10 8 theme useful 1503:1508 arg1 information 1510:1520 useful information 1503:1520 useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1503:1596 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 1 9 theme signaling 263:271 arg1 pathways 273:280 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 4 10 with fraction 685:692 arg1 LMWF-2M 741:747 LMWF-2M 741:747 LMWF-2M 741:747 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 4 10 with fraction 685:692 arg1 content 732:738 highest sulfate content 716:738 highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 716:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 4 11 theme sulfate 724:730 arg1 LMWF-2M 741:747 LMWF-2M 741:747 LMWF-2M 741:747 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 4 11 theme sulfate 724:730 arg1 content 732:738 highest sulfate content 716:738 highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 716:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 9 12 theme monosaccharide 1337:1350 arg1 composition 1352:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 5 13 dep along 867:871 arg1 with 873:876 with 873:876 with 873:876 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 4 14 theme fucoidan 676:683 arg1 fraction 685:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction 655:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 655:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 0 15 theme FGFs/FGFR 106:114 arg1 activation 126:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation 106:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 106:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 4 16 theme tested 800:805 arg1 FGFs 807:810 the six tested FGFs 792:810 the six tested FGFs 792:810 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 6 17 theme cell 1005:1008 arg1 proliferation 1010:1022 BaF3 cell proliferation 1000:1022 BaF3 cell proliferation 1000:1022 In contrast, SMP, SMP-A, and SMP-D stimulated BaF3 cell proliferation except for FGF-8. 29055704 5 18 theme FGF-2/FGFR1c 926:937 arg1 P<0.05 945:950 P<0.05 945:950 P<0.05 945:950 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 5 18 theme FGF-2/FGFR1c 926:937 arg1 pair 939:942 the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair 922:942 the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05) 922:951 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 5 19 theme heteropolysacchairde 826:845 arg1 LMWF-0.5M 856:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 5 20 theme Low 813:815 arg1 LMWF-0.5M 856:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 7 21 theme -9-based 1101:1108 arg1 signaling 1110:1118 -9-based signaling 1101:1118 -9-based signaling 1101:1118 Both LMWF-1M and LMWF-2M facilitated FGF-1-, -2-, -8-, and -9-based signaling. 29055704 8 22 theme sulfate 1125:1131 arg1 factor 1168:1173 the major contributing factor 1145:1173 the major contributing factor 1145:1173 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 8 22 theme sulfate 1125:1131 arg1 content 1133:1139 The sulfate content 1121:1139 The sulfate content 1121:1139 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 3 23 theme fucoidan 462:469 arg1 fractions 471:479 the fucoidan fractions 458:479 the fucoidan fractions 458:479 All of the fucoidan fractions were incubated with BaF3 cells in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, and -10, respectively, to evaluate their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability. 29055704 8 24 theme molecular 1216:1224 arg1 weight 1226:1231 the molecular weight 1212:1231 the molecular weight 1212:1231 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 0 25 from effect 25:30 arg1 maclurei 70:77 Sargassum maclurei 60:77 Sargassum maclurei 60:77 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 25 from effect 25:30 arg1 japonica 94:101 Saccharina japonica 83:101 Saccharina japonica 83:101 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 25 from effect 25:30 arg1 activation 126:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation 106:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 106:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 4 26 theme highest 716:722 arg1 LMWF-2M 741:747 LMWF-2M 741:747 LMWF-2M 741:747 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 4 26 theme highest 716:722 arg1 content 732:738 highest sulfate content 716:738 highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 716:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 1 27 theme distinct 192:199 arg1 abilities 201:209 distinct abilities 192:209 distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells 192:312 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 28 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 0:150 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 1 29 theme FGFR1c-expressing 285:301 arg1 cells 308:312 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells 285:312 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells 285:312 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 8 30 theme major 1149:1153 arg1 factor 1168:1173 the major contributing factor 1145:1173 the major contributing factor 1145:1173 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 8 30 theme major 1149:1153 arg1 content 1133:1139 The sulfate content 1121:1139 The sulfate content 1121:1139 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 2 31 theme current 322:328 arg1 study 330:334 the current study 318:334 the current study 318:334 In the current study, we first isolated and characterized different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica. 29055704 5 32 theme fraction 847:854 arg1 LMWF-0.5M 856:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 1 33 theme BaF3 303:306 arg1 cells 308:312 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells 285:312 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells 285:312 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 6 34 theme BaF3 1000:1003 arg1 proliferation 1010:1022 BaF3 cell proliferation 1000:1022 BaF3 cell proliferation 1000:1022 In contrast, SMP, SMP-A, and SMP-D stimulated BaF3 cell proliferation except for FGF-8. 29055704 9 35 theme cell 1386:1389 arg1 proliferation 1391:1403 BaF3 cell proliferation 1381:1403 BaF3 cell proliferation 1381:1403 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 10 36 theme potential 1530:1538 arg1 application 1540:1550 the potential application 1526:1550 the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1526:1596 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 0 37 theme signaling 116:124 arg1 activation 126:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation 106:135 FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 106:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 4 38 theme weight 669:674 arg1 fraction 685:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction 655:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 655:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 3 39 theme FGF-1 531:535 arg1 presence 519:526 the presence 515:526 the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, and -10 515:560 All of the fucoidan fractions were incubated with BaF3 cells in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, and -10, respectively, to evaluate their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability. 29055704 7 40 theme FGF-1- 1079:1084 arg1 -2- 1087:1089 -2- 1087:1089 -2- 1087:1089 Both LMWF-1M and LMWF-2M facilitated FGF-1-, -2-, -8-, and -9-based signaling. 29055704 0 41 theme BaF3 140:143 arg1 cells 145:149 BaF3 cells 140:149 BaF3 cells 140:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 42 from maclurei 70:77 arg1 effect 25:30 the effect 21:30 the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 21:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 42 from maclurei 70:77 arg1 fucoidans 45:53 different fucoidans 35:53 different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 35:101 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 8 43 theme contributing 1155:1166 arg1 factor 1168:1173 the major contributing factor 1145:1173 the major contributing factor 1145:1173 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 8 43 theme contributing 1155:1166 arg1 content 1133:1139 The sulfate content 1121:1139 The sulfate content 1121:1139 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 1 44 theme specific 223:230 arg1 pathways 273:280 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 45 theme effect 25:30 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 0:150 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 9 46 theme varied 1330:1335 arg1 composition 1352:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 1 47 contain have 187:190 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides 152:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides 152:185 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 1 47 contain have 187:190 arg2 abilities 201:209 distinct abilities 192:209 distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells 192:312 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 1 48 theme fibroblast 232:241 arg1 FGF 258:260 FGF 258:260 FGF 258:260 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 1 48 theme fibroblast 232:241 arg1 factor 250:255 fibroblast growth factor 232:255 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 49 theme fucoidans 45:53 arg1 effect 25:30 the effect 21:30 the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 21:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 4 50 contain had 750:752 arg2 activity 770:777 the most potent activity 754:777 the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs 754:810 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 4 50 contain had 750:752 arg1 fraction 685:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction 655:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 655:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 3 51 theme signal-activating 607:623 arg1 ability 625:631 their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability 589:631 their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability 589:631 All of the fucoidan fractions were incubated with BaF3 cells in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, and -10, respectively, to evaluate their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability. 29055704 0 52 theme different 35:43 arg1 fucoidans 45:53 different fucoidans 35:53 different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 35:101 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 2 53 from maclurei 417:424 arg1 fractions 392:400 different fucoidan fractions 373:400 different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 373:448 In the current study, we first isolated and characterized different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica. 29055704 3 54 theme FGFs/FGFR1c 595:605 arg1 ability 625:631 their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability 589:631 their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability 589:631 All of the fucoidan fractions were incubated with BaF3 cells in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, and -10, respectively, to evaluate their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability. 29055704 4 55 from japonica 702:709 arg1 fraction 685:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction 655:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 655:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 10 56 theme structure-activity 1435:1452 arg1 relationships 1454:1466 The structure-activity relationships 1431:1466 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study 1431:1492 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 3 57 theme BaF3 501:504 arg1 cells 506:510 BaF3 cells 501:510 BaF3 cells 501:510 All of the fucoidan fractions were incubated with BaF3 cells in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, and -10, respectively, to evaluate their FGFs/FGFR1c signal-activating ability. 29055704 1 58 theme growth 243:248 arg1 FGF 258:260 FGF 258:260 FGF 258:260 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 1 58 theme growth 243:248 arg1 factor 250:255 fibroblast growth factor 232:255 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 59 from japonica 94:101 arg1 effect 25:30 the effect 21:30 the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells 21:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 59 from japonica 94:101 arg1 fucoidans 45:53 different fucoidans 35:53 different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 35:101 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 9 60 theme monosaccharide 1238:1251 arg1 composition 1253:1263 The monosaccharide composition 1234:1263 The monosaccharide composition 1234:1263 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 4 61 theme low 655:657 arg1 fraction 685:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction 655:692 low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) 655:748 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 1 62 theme factor 250:255 arg1 pathways 273:280 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways 223:280 Different sulfated polysaccharides have distinct abilities to activate specific fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cells. 29055704 10 63 theme fucoidans 1555:1563 arg1 application 1540:1550 the potential application 1526:1550 the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1526:1596 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 8 64 theme observed 1182:1189 arg1 activity 1191:1198 the observed activity 1178:1198 the observed activity followed by the molecular weight 1178:1231 The sulfate content was the major contributing factor to the observed activity followed by the molecular weight. 29055704 9 65 with derivatives 1313:1323 arg1 composition 1352:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 2 66 theme fucoidan 383:390 arg1 fractions 392:400 different fucoidan fractions 373:400 different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 373:448 In the current study, we first isolated and characterized different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica. 29055704 5 67 theme sulfated 817:824 arg1 LMWF-0.5M 856:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M 813:864 Low sulfated heteropolysacchairde fraction LMWF-0.5M, along with SMP-1, SMP-D-1, and SMP-A-1, only activated the FGF-2/FGFR1c pair (P<0.05). 29055704 0 68 from activation 126:135 arg1 study 12:16 Comparative study 0:16 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 0:150 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 0 68 from activation 126:135 arg1 cells 145:149 BaF3 cells 140:149 BaF3 cells 140:149 Comparative study of the effect of different fucoidans from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica on FGFs/FGFR signaling activation in BaF3 cells. 29055704 10 69 theme FGF/FGFR 1568:1575 arg1 regulation 1587:1596 FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1568:1596 FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1568:1596 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 10 70 from application 1540:1550 arg1 regulation 1587:1596 FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1568:1596 FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1568:1596 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 29055704 4 71 theme potent 763:768 arg1 activity 770:777 the most potent activity 754:777 the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs 754:810 Our data showed that low molecular weight fucoidan fraction from S. japonica with highest sulfate content (LMWF-2M) had the most potent activity among all of the six tested FGFs. 29055704 9 72 with SMP 1301:1303 arg1 composition 1352:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 varied monosaccharide composition 1330:1362 The monosaccharide composition also affected the activity, in that SMP and its derivatives with varied monosaccharide composition could not induce BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-8. 29055704 2 73 theme different 373:381 arg1 fractions 392:400 different fucoidan fractions 373:400 different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica 373:448 In the current study, we first isolated and characterized different fucoidan fractions from Sargassum maclurei and Saccharina japonica. 29055704 10 74 theme signaling 1577:1585 arg1 regulation 1587:1596 FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1568:1596 FGF/FGFR signaling regulation 1568:1596 The structure-activity relationships revealed in current study provided useful information for the potential application of fucoidans in FGF/FGFR signaling regulation. 27516258 8 0 theme relevant 1147:1154 arg1 activity 1168:1175 relevant antioxidant activity 1147:1175 relevant antioxidant activity 1147:1175 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 6 1 theme scavenging 918:927 arg1 DPPH 929:932 scavenging DPPH 918:932 scavenging DPPH 918:932 SFP presented an IC50 of 1.77mg/mL in scavenging DPPH. 27516258 8 2 contain possesses 1137:1145 arg2 activity 1168:1175 relevant antioxidant activity 1147:1175 relevant antioxidant activity 1147:1175 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 8 2 contain possesses 1137:1145 arg1 SFP 1033:1035 SFP 1033:1035 SFP 1033:1035 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 2 3 theme ethanol-induced 379:393 arg1 model 410:414 an ethanol-induced gastric damage model 376:414 an ethanol-induced gastric damage model 376:414 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 1 4 theme molar 271:275 arg1 estimation 282:291 molar mass estimation 271:291 molar mass estimation 271:291 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 4 5 theme gastric 776:782 arg1 damage 784:789 the ethanol-induced gastric damage 756:789 the ethanol-induced gastric damage 756:789 In vivo, SFP significantly (P<0.05) reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the ethanol-induced gastric damage. 27516258 1 6 theme mass 277:280 arg1 estimation 282:291 molar mass estimation 271:291 molar mass estimation 271:291 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 0 7 theme gastroprotective 101:116 arg1 fraction 24:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction 0:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis 0:69 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 0 7 theme gastroprotective 101:116 arg1 effects 134:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 4 8 dep significantly 696:708 arg1 P<0.05 711:716 P<0.05 711:716 P<0.05 711:716 In vivo, SFP significantly (P<0.05) reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the ethanol-induced gastric damage. 27516258 3 9 theme chemical 526:533 arg1 composition 535:545 Its chemical composition 522:545 Its chemical composition 522:545 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 9 theme chemical 526:533 arg1 iota-carrageenan 577:592 an iota-carrageenan 574:592 an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08) 574:680 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 5 10 theme hemoglobin 861:870 arg1 levels 872:877 hemoglobin levels 861:877 hemoglobin levels 861:877 SFP prevents glutathione consume and increase of malondialdehyde and hemoglobin levels. 27516258 4 11 theme ethanol-induced 760:774 arg1 damage 784:789 the ethanol-induced gastric damage 756:789 the ethanol-induced gastric damage 756:789 In vivo, SFP significantly (P<0.05) reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the ethanol-induced gastric damage. 27516258 2 12 theme in 424:425 arg1 DPPH 457:460 DPPH 457:460 DPPH 457:460 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 12 theme in 424:425 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 12 theme in 424:425 arg1 capacity 511:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 12 theme in 424:425 arg1 ability 481:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 0 13 theme antioxidant 122:132 arg1 fraction 24:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction 0:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis 0:69 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 0 13 theme antioxidant 122:132 arg1 effects 134:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 0 14 from algae 45:49 arg1 fraction 24:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction 0:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis 0:69 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 0 14 from algae 45:49 arg1 effects 134:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 7 15 theme chelating 939:947 arg1 ability 957:963 The chelating ferrous ability 935:963 The chelating ferrous ability 935:963 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 7 15 theme chelating 939:947 arg1 % 974:974 38.98% 969:974 38.98% 969:974 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 0 16 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 fraction 24:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction 0:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis 0:69 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 0 16 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 effects 134:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 5 17 theme levels 872:877 arg1 increase 829:836 increase 829:836 increase 829:836 SFP prevents glutathione consume and increase of malondialdehyde and hemoglobin levels. 27516258 5 17 theme levels 872:877 arg1 consume 817:823 glutathione consume 805:823 glutathione consume 805:823 SFP prevents glutathione consume and increase of malondialdehyde and hemoglobin levels. 27516258 0 18 theme polysaccharide 9:22 arg1 fraction 24:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction 0:31 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis 0:69 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 0 18 theme polysaccharide 9:22 arg1 effects 134:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 gastroprotective and antioxidant effects 101:140 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 7 19 theme ferrous 949:955 arg1 ability 957:963 The chelating ferrous ability 935:963 The chelating ferrous ability 935:963 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 7 19 theme ferrous 949:955 arg1 % 974:974 38.98% 969:974 38.98% 969:974 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 2 20 theme gastroprotective 338:353 arg1 potential 355:363 its gastroprotective potential 334:363 its gastroprotective potential 334:363 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 1 21 theme marine 193:198 arg1 filiformis 214:223 the marine alga Solieria filiformis 189:223 the marine alga Solieria filiformis 189:223 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 2 22 theme chelating 463:471 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 22 theme chelating 463:471 arg1 ability 481:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 5 23 theme glutathione 805:815 arg1 consume 817:823 glutathione consume 805:823 glutathione consume 805:823 SFP prevents glutathione consume and increase of malondialdehyde and hemoglobin levels. 27516258 1 24 theme alga 200:203 arg1 filiformis 214:223 the marine alga Solieria filiformis 189:223 the marine alga Solieria filiformis 189:223 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 1 25 theme spectroscopic 297:309 arg1 analysis 311:318 spectroscopic analysis 297:318 spectroscopic analysis 297:318 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 8 26 theme gastric 1081:1087 arg1 damage 1089:1094 ethanol-induced gastric damage 1065:1094 ethanol-induced gastric damage 1065:1094 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 3 27 theme 210.9kDa 615:622 arg1 degree 633:638 high degree 628:638 high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08) 628:680 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 27 theme 210.9kDa 615:622 arg1 mass 607:610 a molar mass 599:610 a molar mass of 210.9kDa 599:622 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 4 28 theme dependent 738:746 arg1 manner 748:753 a dose dependent manner 731:753 a dose dependent manner 731:753 In vivo, SFP significantly (P<0.05) reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the ethanol-induced gastric damage. 27516258 1 29 theme Solieria 205:212 arg1 filiformis 214:223 the marine alga Solieria filiformis 189:223 the marine alga Solieria filiformis 189:223 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 8 30 theme ethanol-induced 1065:1079 arg1 damage 1089:1094 ethanol-induced gastric damage 1065:1094 ethanol-induced gastric damage 1065:1094 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 2 31 theme antioxidant 499:509 arg1 capacity 511:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 31 theme antioxidant 499:509 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 5 32 theme malondialdehyde 841:855 arg1 increase 829:836 increase 829:836 increase 829:836 SFP prevents glutathione consume and increase of malondialdehyde and hemoglobin levels. 27516258 5 32 theme malondialdehyde 841:855 arg1 consume 817:823 glutathione consume 805:823 glutathione consume 805:823 SFP prevents glutathione consume and increase of malondialdehyde and hemoglobin levels. 27516258 2 33 theme antioxidant 433:443 arg1 DPPH 457:460 DPPH 457:460 DPPH 457:460 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 33 theme antioxidant 433:443 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 33 theme antioxidant 433:443 arg1 capacity 511:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 33 theme antioxidant 433:443 arg1 ability 481:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 0 34 theme marine 38:43 arg1 algae 45:49 marine algae 38:49 marine algae 38:49 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 2 35 theme total 493:497 arg1 capacity 511:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 35 theme total 493:497 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 3 36 theme sulfate 660:666 arg1 1.08 676:679 1.08 676:679 1.08 676:679 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 36 theme sulfate 660:666 arg1 groups 668:673 sulfate groups 660:673 sulfate groups (1.08) 660:680 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 37 theme high 628:631 arg1 degree 633:638 high degree 628:638 high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08) 628:680 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 6 38 from IC50 897:900 arg1 DPPH 929:932 scavenging DPPH 918:932 scavenging DPPH 918:932 SFP presented an IC50 of 1.77mg/mL in scavenging DPPH. 27516258 8 39 theme oxidative 1108:1116 arg1 stress 1118:1123 oxidative stress 1108:1123 oxidative stress 1108:1123 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 3 40 with iota-carrageenan 577:592 arg1 degree 633:638 high degree 628:638 high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08) 628:680 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 40 with iota-carrageenan 577:592 arg1 mass 607:610 a molar mass 599:610 a molar mass of 210.9kDa 599:622 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 2 41 dep properties 445:454 arg1 DPPH 457:460 DPPH 457:460 DPPH 457:460 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 41 dep properties 445:454 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 41 dep properties 445:454 arg1 capacity 511:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 total antioxidant capacity 493:518 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 41 dep properties 445:454 arg1 ability 481:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 7 42 theme antioxidant 991:1001 arg1 capacity 1003:1010 the total antioxidant capacity 981:1010 the total antioxidant capacity 981:1010 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 7 42 theme antioxidant 991:1001 arg1 2.01mg/mL 1016:1024 2.01mg/mL 1016:1024 2.01mg/mL 1016:1024 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 3 43 theme molar 601:605 arg1 mass 607:610 a molar mass 599:610 a molar mass of 210.9kDa 599:622 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 44 theme substitution 643:654 arg1 degree 633:638 high degree 628:638 high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08) 628:680 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 3 44 theme substitution 643:654 arg1 mass 607:610 a molar mass 599:610 a molar mass of 210.9kDa 599:622 Its chemical composition revealed to be essentially an iota-carrageenan with a molar mass of 210.9kDa and high degree of substitution for sulfate groups (1.08). 27516258 1 45 from filiformis 214:223 arg1 fraction 175:182 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction 143:182 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis 143:223 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 1 46 theme sulfated 145:152 arg1 SFP 170:172 SFP 170:172 SFP 170:172 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 1 46 theme sulfated 145:152 arg1 polysaccharide 154:167 sulfated polysaccharide 145:167 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis 143:223 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 0 47 dep fraction 24:31 arg1 characterization 83:98 Structural characterization 72:98 Structural characterization 72:98 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 1 48 theme polysaccharide 154:167 arg1 fraction 175:182 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction 143:182 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis 143:223 A sulfated polysaccharide (SFP) fraction from the marine alga Solieria filiformis was extracted and submitted to microanalysis, molar mass estimation and spectroscopic analysis. 27516258 0 49 theme Structural 72:81 arg1 characterization 83:98 Structural characterization 72:98 Structural characterization 72:98 Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis: Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. 27516258 2 50 dep in 424:425 arg1 vitro 427:431 vitro 427:431 vitro 427:431 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 7 51 theme total 985:989 arg1 capacity 1003:1010 the total antioxidant capacity 981:1010 the total antioxidant capacity 981:1010 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 7 51 theme total 985:989 arg1 2.01mg/mL 1016:1024 2.01mg/mL 1016:1024 2.01mg/mL 1016:1024 The chelating ferrous ability was 38.98%, and the total antioxidant capacity was 2.01mg/mL. 27516258 2 52 theme damage 403:408 arg1 model 410:414 an ethanol-induced gastric damage model 376:414 an ethanol-induced gastric damage model 376:414 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 6 53 theme 1.77mg/mL 905:913 arg1 IC50 897:900 an IC50 894:900 an IC50 of 1.77mg/mL in scavenging DPPH 894:932 SFP presented an IC50 of 1.77mg/mL in scavenging DPPH. 27516258 2 54 theme ferrous 473:479 arg1 properties 445:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties 420:454 its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity) 420:519 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 54 theme ferrous 473:479 arg1 ability 481:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 chelating ferrous ability 463:487 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 2 55 theme gastric 395:401 arg1 model 410:414 an ethanol-induced gastric damage model 376:414 an ethanol-induced gastric damage model 376:414 We evaluated its gastroprotective potential in vivo in an ethanol-induced gastric damage model and its in vitro antioxidant properties (DPPH, chelating ferrous ability and total antioxidant capacity). 27516258 8 56 theme damage 1089:1094 arg1 development 1050:1060 the development 1046:1060 the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage 1046:1094 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 27516258 8 57 theme antioxidant 1156:1166 arg1 activity 1168:1175 relevant antioxidant activity 1147:1175 relevant antioxidant activity 1147:1175 Thus, SFP prevents the development of ethanol-induced gastric damage by reducing oxidative stress in vivo and possesses relevant antioxidant activity in vitro. 24299787 5 0 theme arabinose 785:793 arg1 content 795:801 the most arabinose content 776:801 the most arabinose content in these samples 776:818 The content of arabinose increased with the increasing of ethanol concentration and PP5 had the most arabinose content in these samples. 24299787 3 1 theme Agilent 500:506 arg1 instrument 514:523 an Agilent 6890A instrument 497:523 an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector 497:576 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 8 2 theme DPPH 1171:1174 arg1 radical 1176:1182 DPPH radical 1171:1182 DPPH radical 1171:1182 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical. 24299787 6 3 theme obvious 842:848 arg1 presence 894:901 the presence 890:901 the presence of uronic acids 890:917 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 6 3 theme obvious 842:848 arg1 peaks 865:869 obvious characteristic peaks 842:869 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide 842:887 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 3 4 theme 6890A 508:512 arg1 instrument 514:523 an Agilent 6890A instrument 497:523 an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector 497:576 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 1 5 theme well-known 213:222 arg1 medicine 244:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 5 theme well-known 213:222 arg1 japonicus 189:197 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 7 6 theme DPPH 1083:1086 arg1 radicals 1088:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 7 7 theme in 987:988 arg1 systems 996:1002 various established in vitro systems 967:1002 various established in vitro systems 967:1002 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 7 7 theme in 987:988 arg1 activity 1026:1033 scavenging activity 1015:1033 scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1015:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 7 8 dep in 987:988 arg1 vitro 990:994 vitro 990:994 vitro 990:994 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 1 9 theme Chinese 224:230 arg1 medicine 244:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 9 theme Chinese 224:230 arg1 japonicus 189:197 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 5 10 contain had 772:774 arg1 PP5 768:770 PP5 768:770 PP5 768:770 The content of arabinose increased with the increasing of ethanol concentration and PP5 had the most arabinose content in these samples. 24299787 5 10 contain had 772:774 arg2 content 795:801 the most arabinose content 776:801 the most arabinose content in these samples 776:818 The content of arabinose increased with the increasing of ethanol concentration and PP5 had the most arabinose content in these samples. 24299787 1 11 theme traditional 232:242 arg1 medicine 244:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 11 theme traditional 232:242 arg1 japonicus 189:197 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 9 12 from polysaccharides 1256:1270 arg1 effect 1290:1295 the protective effect 1275:1295 the protective effect of DNA damage 1275:1309 And PP5 shows more clearly and relatively stronger capacity than other polysaccharides on the protective effect of DNA damage. 24299787 6 13 theme IR 821:822 arg1 spectra 824:830 IR spectra 821:830 IR spectra 821:830 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 6 14 theme acids 913:917 arg1 presence 894:901 the presence 890:901 the presence of uronic acids 890:917 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 6 14 theme acids 913:917 arg1 peaks 865:869 obvious characteristic peaks 842:869 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide 842:887 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 7 15 theme established 975:985 arg1 systems 996:1002 various established in vitro systems 967:1002 various established in vitro systems 967:1002 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 7 15 theme established 975:985 arg1 activity 1026:1033 scavenging activity 1015:1033 scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1015:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 3 16 theme DB-35MS 533:539 arg1 column 541:546 a DB-35MS column 531:546 a DB-35MS column 531:546 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 2 17 theme polysaccharides 365:379 arg1 weight 355:360 The molecular weight 341:360 The molecular weight of polysaccharides 341:379 The molecular weight of polysaccharides was determined by HGPLC chromatography system. 24299787 6 18 theme uronic 906:911 arg1 acids 913:917 uronic acids 906:917 uronic acids 906:917 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 3 19 from chromatography 479:492 arg1 instrument 514:523 an Agilent 6890A instrument 497:523 an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector 497:576 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 5 20 theme arabinose 699:707 arg1 content 688:694 The content 684:694 The content of arabinose 684:707 The content of arabinose increased with the increasing of ethanol concentration and PP5 had the most arabinose content in these samples. 24299787 9 21 theme damage 1304:1309 arg1 effect 1290:1295 the protective effect 1275:1295 the protective effect of DNA damage 1275:1309 And PP5 shows more clearly and relatively stronger capacity than other polysaccharides on the protective effect of DNA damage. 24299787 8 22 theme inhibitory 1118:1127 arg1 effects 1129:1135 inhibitory effects 1118:1135 inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical 1118:1182 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical. 24299787 7 23 theme various 967:973 arg1 systems 996:1002 various established in vitro systems 967:1002 various established in vitro systems 967:1002 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 7 23 theme various 967:973 arg1 activity 1026:1033 scavenging activity 1015:1033 scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1015:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 3 24 theme flame-ionization 552:567 arg1 detector 569:576 flame-ionization detector 552:576 flame-ionization detector 552:576 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 2 25 theme chromatography 405:418 arg1 system 420:425 HGPLC chromatography system 399:425 HGPLC chromatography system 399:425 The molecular weight of polysaccharides was determined by HGPLC chromatography system. 24299787 0 26 theme Panax 21:25 arg1 japonicus 27:35 Panax japonicus 21:35 Panax japonicus 21:35 Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer and their antioxidant activities. 24299787 9 27 theme protective 1279:1288 arg1 effect 1290:1295 the protective effect 1275:1295 the protective effect of DNA damage 1275:1309 And PP5 shows more clearly and relatively stronger capacity than other polysaccharides on the protective effect of DNA damage. 24299787 2 28 theme HGPLC 399:403 arg1 system 420:425 HGPLC chromatography system 399:425 HGPLC chromatography system 399:425 The molecular weight of polysaccharides was determined by HGPLC chromatography system. 24299787 7 29 theme radicals 1088:1095 arg1 activity 1026:1033 scavenging activity 1015:1033 scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1015:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 5 30 theme ethanol 742:748 arg1 concentration 750:762 ethanol concentration 742:762 ethanol concentration 742:762 The content of arabinose increased with the increasing of ethanol concentration and PP5 had the most arabinose content in these samples. 24299787 1 31 dep japonicus 189:197 arg1 Meyer 204:208 Meyer 204:208 Meyer 204:208 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 7 32 theme hydroxyl 1056:1063 arg1 radical 1065:1071 hydroxyl radical 1056:1071 hydroxyl radical 1056:1071 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 1 33 theme Panax 183:187 arg1 japonicus 189:197 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer 183:208 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 33 theme Panax 183:187 arg1 medicine 244:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 a well-known Chinese traditional medicine 211:251 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 34 theme final 273:277 arg1 concentration 279:291 the final concentration 269:291 the final concentration of solution 269:303 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 35 attach isolated 153:160 arg1 rhizomes 171:178 the rhizomes 167:178 the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, 167:252 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 1 35 attach isolated 153:160 arg2 Polysaccharides 82:96 Polysaccharides 82:96 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 82:132 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 0 36 dep Meyer 42:46 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus 0:35 Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer and their antioxidant activities. 24299787 7 37 theme radical 1065:1071 arg1 radicals 1088:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 1 38 theme solution 296:303 arg1 concentration 279:291 the final concentration 269:291 the final concentration of solution 269:303 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 6 39 theme polysaccharide 874:887 arg1 presence 894:901 the presence 890:901 the presence of uronic acids 890:917 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 6 39 theme polysaccharide 874:887 arg1 peaks 865:869 obvious characteristic peaks 842:869 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide 842:887 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 7 40 theme anion 1049:1053 arg1 radicals 1088:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 9 41 theme other 1250:1254 arg1 polysaccharides 1256:1270 other polysaccharides 1250:1270 other polysaccharides on the protective effect of DNA damage 1250:1309 And PP5 shows more clearly and relatively stronger capacity than other polysaccharides on the protective effect of DNA damage. 24299787 5 42 from content 795:801 arg1 samples 812:818 these samples 806:818 these samples 806:818 The content of arabinose increased with the increasing of ethanol concentration and PP5 had the most arabinose content in these samples. 24299787 3 43 theme Gas 475:477 arg1 chromatography 479:492 Gas chromatography 475:492 Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector 475:576 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 1 44 theme japonicus 189:197 arg1 rhizomes 171:178 the rhizomes 167:178 the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, 167:252 Polysaccharides named as PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4 and PP5 were extracted and isolated from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer, a well-known Chinese traditional medicine, by controlling the final concentration of solution to precipitate the polysaccharides. 24299787 7 45 theme ABTS 1074:1077 arg1 radicals 1088:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1038:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 9 46 theme DNA 1300:1302 arg1 damage 1304:1309 DNA damage 1300:1309 DNA damage 1300:1309 And PP5 shows more clearly and relatively stronger capacity than other polysaccharides on the protective effect of DNA damage. 24299787 7 47 theme antioxidant 926:936 arg1 activities 938:947 Their antioxidant activities 920:947 Their antioxidant activities 920:947 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 8 48 from effects 1129:1135 arg1 ABTS 1162:1165 ABTS 1162:1165 ABTS 1162:1165 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical. 24299787 8 48 from effects 1129:1135 arg1 radical 1176:1182 DPPH radical 1171:1182 DPPH radical 1171:1182 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical. 24299787 8 48 from effects 1129:1135 arg1 hydroxyl 1152:1159 hydroxyl 1152:1159 hydroxyl 1152:1159 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical. 24299787 8 48 from effects 1129:1135 arg1 superoxide 1140:1149 superoxide 1140:1149 superoxide 1140:1149 Both samples showed inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl, ABTS and DPPH radical. 24299787 6 49 theme characteristic 850:863 arg1 presence 894:901 the presence 890:901 the presence of uronic acids 890:917 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 6 49 theme characteristic 850:863 arg1 peaks 865:869 obvious characteristic peaks 842:869 obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide 842:887 IR spectra indicated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharide, the presence of uronic acids. 24299787 7 50 theme superoxide 1038:1047 arg1 anion 1049:1053 superoxide anion 1038:1053 superoxide anion 1038:1053 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 24299787 2 51 theme molecular 345:353 arg1 weight 355:360 The molecular weight 341:360 The molecular weight of polysaccharides 341:379 The molecular weight of polysaccharides was determined by HGPLC chromatography system. 24299787 3 52 theme monosaccharide 432:445 arg1 composition 447:457 The monosaccharide composition 428:457 The monosaccharide composition 428:457 The monosaccharide composition was analyzed by Gas chromatography on an Agilent 6890A instrument using a DB-35MS column and flame-ionization detector. 24299787 0 53 theme antioxidant 58:68 arg1 activities 70:79 their antioxidant activities 52:79 their antioxidant activities 52:79 Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer and their antioxidant activities. 24299787 0 54 from japonicus 27:35 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus 0:35 Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer and their antioxidant activities. 24299787 7 55 theme scavenging 1015:1024 arg1 activity 1026:1033 scavenging activity 1015:1033 scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals 1015:1095 Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by various established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals. 26686183 0 0 theme polysaccharide 78:91 arg1 product 67:73 the controlled product 52:73 the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis 52:116 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 6 1 theme Total 641:645 arg1 oligosaccharides 652:667 Total nine oligosaccharides 641:667 Total nine oligosaccharides 641:667 Total nine oligosaccharides are recognizable in the HPLC profile, and their content showed a regular transformation in hydrolysis. 26686183 7 2 dep 7 854:854 arg1 to 851:852 to 851:852 to 851:852 Those nine ingredients were identified as glucooligosaccharides with DP from 1 to 7 by MS analysis. 26686183 4 3 theme time-depended 504:516 arg1 behavior 518:525 a time-depended behavior 502:525 a time-depended behavior that is mild and controllable 502:555 Hydrolysis with 1M HCl to MVPS can generate a time-depended behavior that is mild and controllable. 26686183 4 3 theme time-depended 504:516 arg1 mild 535:538 mild 535:538 mild 535:538 Hydrolysis with 1M HCl to MVPS can generate a time-depended behavior that is mild and controllable. 26686183 8 4 theme hydroxyl 981:988 arg1 radicals 990:997 hydroxyl radicals 981:997 hydroxyl radicals scavenging 981:1008 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 6 5 from transformation 742:755 arg1 hydrolysis 760:769 hydrolysis 760:769 hydrolysis 760:769 Total nine oligosaccharides are recognizable in the HPLC profile, and their content showed a regular transformation in hydrolysis. 26686183 8 6 theme Antioxidant 872:882 arg1 activities 884:893 Antioxidant activities 872:893 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs 872:937 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 1 7 theme active 255:260 arg1 oligosaccharides 262:277 active oligosaccharides 255:277 active oligosaccharides 255:277 The polysaccharides from Mactra veneriformis (MVPS) were degraded by controlled mild acid hydrolysis to produce active oligosaccharides. 26686183 0 8 theme Mactra 98:103 arg1 veneriformis 105:116 Mactra veneriformis 98:116 Mactra veneriformis 98:116 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 5 9 theme oligosaccharides 596:611 arg1 composition 613:623 oligosaccharides composition 596:623 oligosaccharides composition 596:623 HPLC analysis monitored the change of oligosaccharides composition in hydrolyzing. 26686183 5 10 theme composition 613:623 arg1 change 586:591 the change 582:591 the change of oligosaccharides composition in hydrolyzing 582:638 HPLC analysis monitored the change of oligosaccharides composition in hydrolyzing. 26686183 9 11 theme stronger 1075:1082 arg1 effects 1096:1102 stronger antioxidant effects 1075:1102 stronger antioxidant effects 1075:1102 It was found that HCl hydrolyzate exhibited stronger antioxidant effects than MVPS and H2SO4 hydrolyzate due to its higher content of oligosaccharides. 26686183 4 12 theme 1M 474:475 arg1 HCl 477:479 1M HCl 474:479 1M HCl 474:479 Hydrolysis with 1M HCl to MVPS can generate a time-depended behavior that is mild and controllable. 26686183 8 13 theme radicals 990:997 arg1 scavenging 999:1008 hydroxyl radicals scavenging 981:1008 hydroxyl radicals scavenging 981:1008 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 8 14 theme DPPH 972:975 arg1 assays 962:967 assays 962:967 assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power 962:1028 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 9 15 theme antioxidant 1084:1094 arg1 effects 1096:1102 stronger antioxidant effects 1075:1102 stronger antioxidant effects 1075:1102 It was found that HCl hydrolyzate exhibited stronger antioxidant effects than MVPS and H2SO4 hydrolyzate due to its higher content of oligosaccharides. 26686183 7 16 with glucooligosaccharides 814:834 arg1 DP 841:842 DP 841:842 DP 841:842 Those nine ingredients were identified as glucooligosaccharides with DP from 1 to 7 by MS analysis. 26686183 7 17 theme MS 859:860 arg1 analysis 862:869 MS analysis 859:869 MS analysis 859:869 Those nine ingredients were identified as glucooligosaccharides with DP from 1 to 7 by MS analysis. 26686183 3 18 theme reducing 442:449 arg1 sugar 451:455 reducing sugar 442:455 reducing sugar 442:455 The hydrolyzing process was investigated in acid addition and reaction time by evaluating the producing content of reducing sugar. 26686183 8 19 theme typical 902:908 arg1 hydrolyzates 910:921 the typical hydrolyzates 898:921 the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs 898:937 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 3 20 theme producing 421:429 arg1 content 431:437 the producing content 417:437 the producing content of reducing sugar 417:455 The hydrolyzing process was investigated in acid addition and reaction time by evaluating the producing content of reducing sugar. 26686183 3 21 theme reaction 389:396 arg1 time 398:401 reaction time 389:401 reaction time 389:401 The hydrolyzing process was investigated in acid addition and reaction time by evaluating the producing content of reducing sugar. 26686183 8 22 theme power 1024:1028 arg1 assays 962:967 assays 962:967 assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power 962:1028 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 3 23 theme acid 371:374 arg1 addition 376:383 acid addition 371:383 acid addition 371:383 The hydrolyzing process was investigated in acid addition and reaction time by evaluating the producing content of reducing sugar. 26686183 0 24 theme acid 126:129 arg1 hydrolysis 131:140 mild acid hydrolysis 121:140 mild acid hydrolysis 121:140 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 8 25 theme reducing 1015:1022 arg1 power 1024:1028 reducing power 1015:1028 reducing power 1015:1028 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 8 26 theme hydrolyzates 910:921 arg1 activities 884:893 Antioxidant activities 872:893 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs 872:937 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 0 27 theme mild 121:124 arg1 hydrolysis 131:140 mild acid hydrolysis 121:140 mild acid hydrolysis 121:140 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 6 28 from profile 698:704 arg1 recognizable 673:684 recognizable 673:684 recognizable 673:684 Total nine oligosaccharides are recognizable in the HPLC profile, and their content showed a regular transformation in hydrolysis. 26686183 6 29 theme HPLC 693:696 arg1 profile 698:704 the HPLC profile 689:704 the HPLC profile 689:704 Total nine oligosaccharides are recognizable in the HPLC profile, and their content showed a regular transformation in hydrolysis. 26686183 3 30 theme sugar 451:455 arg1 content 431:437 the producing content 417:437 the producing content of reducing sugar 417:455 The hydrolyzing process was investigated in acid addition and reaction time by evaluating the producing content of reducing sugar. 26686183 0 31 theme antioxidant 26:36 arg1 evaluation 38:47 antioxidant evaluation 26:47 antioxidant evaluation 26:47 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 8 32 theme scavenging 999:1008 arg1 assays 962:967 assays 962:967 assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power 962:1028 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 0 33 from product 67:73 arg1 veneriformis 105:116 Mactra veneriformis 98:116 Mactra veneriformis 98:116 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 1 34 theme controlled 212:221 arg1 hydrolysis 233:242 controlled mild acid hydrolysis 212:242 controlled mild acid hydrolysis 212:242 The polysaccharides from Mactra veneriformis (MVPS) were degraded by controlled mild acid hydrolysis to produce active oligosaccharides. 26686183 0 35 theme controlled 56:65 arg1 product 67:73 the controlled product 52:73 the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis 52:116 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 7 36 from 7 854:854 arg1 ingredients 783:793 Those nine ingredients 772:793 Those nine ingredients 772:793 Those nine ingredients were identified as glucooligosaccharides with DP from 1 to 7 by MS analysis. 26686183 7 36 from 7 854:854 arg1 glucooligosaccharides 814:834 glucooligosaccharides 814:834 glucooligosaccharides with DP from 1 to 7 814:854 Those nine ingredients were identified as glucooligosaccharides with DP from 1 to 7 by MS analysis. 26686183 8 37 theme MVPs 934:937 arg1 activities 884:893 Antioxidant activities 872:893 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs 872:937 Antioxidant activities of the typical hydrolyzates as well as MVPs were further tested in assays of DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, and reducing power. 26686183 6 38 from recognizable 673:684 arg1 profile 698:704 the HPLC profile 689:704 the HPLC profile 689:704 Total nine oligosaccharides are recognizable in the HPLC profile, and their content showed a regular transformation in hydrolysis. 26686183 5 39 from change 586:591 arg1 hydrolyzing 628:638 hydrolyzing 628:638 hydrolyzing 628:638 HPLC analysis monitored the change of oligosaccharides composition in hydrolyzing. 26686183 0 40 from veneriformis 105:116 arg1 polysaccharide 78:91 polysaccharide 78:91 polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis 78:116 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 0 40 from veneriformis 105:116 arg1 product 67:73 the controlled product 52:73 the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis 52:116 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 5 41 theme HPLC 558:561 arg1 analysis 563:570 HPLC analysis 558:570 HPLC analysis 558:570 HPLC analysis monitored the change of oligosaccharides composition in hydrolyzing. 26686183 6 42 theme regular 734:740 arg1 transformation 742:755 a regular transformation 732:755 a regular transformation in hydrolysis 732:769 Total nine oligosaccharides are recognizable in the HPLC profile, and their content showed a regular transformation in hydrolysis. 26686183 1 43 theme mild 223:226 arg1 hydrolysis 233:242 controlled mild acid hydrolysis 212:242 controlled mild acid hydrolysis 212:242 The polysaccharides from Mactra veneriformis (MVPS) were degraded by controlled mild acid hydrolysis to produce active oligosaccharides. 26686183 9 44 theme higher 1147:1152 arg1 content 1154:1160 its higher content 1143:1160 its higher content of oligosaccharides 1143:1180 It was found that HCl hydrolyzate exhibited stronger antioxidant effects than MVPS and H2SO4 hydrolyzate due to its higher content of oligosaccharides. 26686183 9 45 theme oligosaccharides 1165:1180 arg1 content 1154:1160 its higher content 1143:1160 its higher content of oligosaccharides 1143:1180 It was found that HCl hydrolyzate exhibited stronger antioxidant effects than MVPS and H2SO4 hydrolyzate due to its higher content of oligosaccharides. 26686183 1 46 theme acid 228:231 arg1 hydrolysis 233:242 controlled mild acid hydrolysis 212:242 controlled mild acid hydrolysis 212:242 The polysaccharides from Mactra veneriformis (MVPS) were degraded by controlled mild acid hydrolysis to produce active oligosaccharides. 26686183 0 47 theme product 67:73 arg1 analysis 13:20 analysis 13:20 analysis 13:20 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 0 47 theme product 67:73 arg1 evaluation 38:47 antioxidant evaluation 26:47 antioxidant evaluation 26:47 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 0 47 theme product 67:73 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation, analysis and antioxidant evaluation of the controlled product of polysaccharide from Mactra veneriformis by mild acid hydrolysis. 26686183 4 48 with Hydrolysis 458:467 arg1 HCl 477:479 1M HCl 474:479 1M HCl 474:479 Hydrolysis with 1M HCl to MVPS can generate a time-depended behavior that is mild and controllable. 26686183 9 49 theme HCl 1049:1051 arg1 hydrolyzate 1053:1063 HCl hydrolyzate 1049:1063 HCl hydrolyzate 1049:1063 It was found that HCl hydrolyzate exhibited stronger antioxidant effects than MVPS and H2SO4 hydrolyzate due to its higher content of oligosaccharides. 26686183 3 50 theme hydrolyzing 331:341 arg1 process 343:349 The hydrolyzing process 327:349 The hydrolyzing process 327:349 The hydrolyzing process was investigated in acid addition and reaction time by evaluating the producing content of reducing sugar. 26686183 1 51 from veneriformis 175:186 arg1 polysaccharides 147:161 The polysaccharides 143:161 The polysaccharides from Mactra veneriformis (MVPS) 143:193 The polysaccharides from Mactra veneriformis (MVPS) were degraded by controlled mild acid hydrolysis to produce active oligosaccharides. 27561470 3 0 from same 532:535 arg1 species 550:556 different species 540:556 different species of Panax 540:565 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 7 1 theme Panax 1237:1241 arg1 spp 1243:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 7 2 from spp 1243:1245 arg1 characterization 1163:1178 characterization 1163:1178 characterization 1163:1178 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 7 2 from spp 1243:1245 arg1 determination 1192:1204 content determination 1184:1204 content determination 1184:1204 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 4 3 from spp. 769:772 arg1 polysaccharides 742:756 specific polysaccharides 733:756 specific polysaccharides from Panax spp. 733:772 Saccharide mapping results showed that glycosides linkages, which existed in specific polysaccharides from Panax spp., were similar. 27561470 3 4 theme compositional 493:505 arg1 monosaccharides 507:521 compositional monosaccharides 493:521 compositional monosaccharides 493:521 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 3 4 theme compositional 493:505 arg1 same 532:535 same 532:535 same 532:535 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 7 5 theme specific 1209:1216 arg1 polysaccharides 1218:1232 specific polysaccharides 1209:1232 specific polysaccharides in Panax spp 1209:1245 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 4 6 theme Saccharide 656:665 arg1 results 675:681 Saccharide mapping results 656:681 Saccharide mapping results 656:681 Saccharide mapping results showed that glycosides linkages, which existed in specific polysaccharides from Panax spp., were similar. 27561470 0 7 theme saccharide 91:100 arg1 mapping 102:108 saccharide mapping 91:108 saccharide mapping 91:108 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 3 8 theme different 540:548 arg1 species 550:556 different species 540:556 different species of Panax 540:565 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 5 9 theme P. 846:847 arg1 ginseng 849:855 P. ginseng 846:855 P. ginseng 846:855 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 4 10 theme glycosides 695:704 arg1 linkages 706:713 glycosides linkages 695:713 glycosides linkages 695:713 Saccharide mapping results showed that glycosides linkages, which existed in specific polysaccharides from Panax spp., were similar. 27561470 6 11 theme hierarchical 1058:1069 arg1 analysis 1079:1086 hierarchical cluster analysis 1058:1086 hierarchical cluster analysis 1058:1086 P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium could be clustered into three groups using both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 27561470 2 12 theme angle 399:403 arg1 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 12 theme angle 399:403 arg1 scattering 417:426 multi angle laser light scattering 393:426 multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) 393:434 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 7 13 theme great 1144:1148 arg1 potential 1150:1158 great potential 1144:1158 great potential 1144:1158 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 4 14 theme Panax 763:767 arg1 spp. 769:772 Panax spp. 763:772 Panax spp. 763:772 Saccharide mapping results showed that glycosides linkages, which existed in specific polysaccharides from Panax spp., were similar. 27561470 2 15 theme multi 393:397 arg1 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 15 theme multi 393:397 arg1 scattering 417:426 multi angle laser light scattering 393:426 multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) 393:434 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 16 theme refractive 440:449 arg1 detector 457:464 refractive index detector 440:464 refractive index detector (RID) 440:470 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 16 theme refractive 440:449 arg1 RID 467:469 RID 467:469 RID 467:469 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 3 17 theme Panax 561:565 arg1 species 550:556 different species 540:556 different species of Panax 540:565 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 7 18 from characterization 1163:1178 arg1 spp 1243:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 7 19 theme content 1184:1190 arg1 determination 1192:1204 content determination 1184:1204 content determination 1184:1204 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 2 20 theme saccharide 302:311 arg1 mapping 313:319 saccharide mapping 302:319 saccharide mapping 302:319 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 7 21 contain possessed 1134:1142 arg1 results 1126:1132 The results 1122:1132 The results 1122:1132 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 7 21 contain possessed 1134:1142 arg2 potential 1150:1158 great potential 1144:1158 great potential 1144:1158 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 1 22 theme specific 191:198 arg1 polysaccharides 200:214 the specific polysaccharides 187:214 the specific polysaccharides in Panax spp 187:227 The objective of this study was to qualify and quantify the specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 6 23 theme component 1102:1110 arg1 analysis 1112:1119 principal component analysis 1092:1119 principal component analysis 1092:1119 P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium could be clustered into three groups using both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 27561470 7 24 from determination 1192:1204 arg1 spp 1243:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 6 25 theme cluster 1071:1077 arg1 analysis 1079:1086 hierarchical cluster analysis 1058:1086 hierarchical cluster analysis 1058:1086 P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium could be clustered into three groups using both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 27561470 5 26 theme specific 818:825 arg1 polysaccharides 827:841 specific polysaccharides 818:841 specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng 818:855 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 5 26 theme specific 818:825 arg1 notoginseng 861:871 P. notoginseng 858:871 P. notoginseng 858:871 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 5 26 theme specific 818:825 arg1 quinquefolium 880:892 P. quinquefolium 877:892 P. quinquefolium 877:892 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 0 27 theme polysaccharides 43:57 arg1 quantification 16:29 quantification 16:29 quantification 16:29 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 0 27 theme polysaccharides 43:57 arg1 Qualitation 0:10 Qualitation 0:10 Qualitation 0:10 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 5 28 theme polysaccharides 827:841 arg1 17.9-20.5mg/g 899:911 17.9-20.5mg/g 899:911 17.9-20.5mg/g 899:911 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 5 28 theme polysaccharides 827:841 arg1 content 807:813 the content 803:813 the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium 803:892 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 7 29 from polysaccharides 1218:1232 arg1 spp 1243:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 Panax spp 1237:1245 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 2 30 theme light 411:415 arg1 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 30 theme light 411:415 arg1 scattering 417:426 multi angle laser light scattering 393:426 multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) 393:434 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 0 31 theme specific 34:41 arg1 polysaccharides 43:57 specific polysaccharides 34:57 specific polysaccharides 34:57 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 2 32 theme laser 405:409 arg1 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 MALLS 429:433 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 32 theme laser 405:409 arg1 scattering 417:426 multi angle laser light scattering 393:426 multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) 393:434 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 0 33 theme Panax 64:68 arg1 species 70:76 Panax species 64:76 Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS 64:128 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 0 34 from species 70:76 arg1 quantification 16:29 quantification 16:29 quantification 16:29 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 0 34 from species 70:76 arg1 Qualitation 0:10 Qualitation 0:10 Qualitation 0:10 Qualitation and quantification of specific polysaccharides from Panax species using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and HPSEC-RID-MALLS. 27561470 6 35 theme principal 1092:1100 arg1 analysis 1112:1119 principal component analysis 1092:1119 principal component analysis 1092:1119 P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium could be clustered into three groups using both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 27561470 2 36 theme exclusion 347:355 arg1 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 36 theme exclusion 347:355 arg1 chromatography 357:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography 325:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID) 325:470 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 37 theme index 451:455 arg1 detector 457:464 refractive index detector 440:464 refractive index detector (RID) 440:470 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 37 theme index 451:455 arg1 RID 467:469 RID 467:469 RID 467:469 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 38 theme size 342:345 arg1 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 38 theme size 342:345 arg1 chromatography 357:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography 325:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID) 325:470 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 3 39 from species 550:556 arg1 monosaccharides 507:521 compositional monosaccharides 493:521 compositional monosaccharides 493:521 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 3 39 from species 550:556 arg1 same 532:535 same 532:535 same 532:535 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 3 40 theme galacturonic 604:615 arg1 rhamnose 583:590 rhamnose 583:590 rhamnose 583:590 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 3 40 theme galacturonic 604:615 arg1 acid 617:620 galacturonic acid 604:620 galacturonic acid 604:620 Results showed that compositional monosaccharides were the same in different species of Panax and composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galacturonic acid, mannose, glucose, and galactose. 27561470 1 41 from polysaccharides 200:214 arg1 spp 225:227 Panax spp 219:227 Panax spp 219:227 The objective of this study was to qualify and quantify the specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 2 42 theme performance 330:340 arg1 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 42 theme performance 330:340 arg1 chromatography 357:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography 325:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID) 325:470 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 4 43 theme specific 733:740 arg1 polysaccharides 742:756 specific polysaccharides 733:756 specific polysaccharides from Panax spp. 733:772 Saccharide mapping results showed that glycosides linkages, which existed in specific polysaccharides from Panax spp., were similar. 27561470 6 44 dep ginseng 964:970 arg1 P. 961:962 P. 961:962 P. 961:962 P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolium could be clustered into three groups using both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 27561470 2 45 theme polysaccharides 255:269 arg1 analyses 234:241 The analyses 230:241 The analyses of specific polysaccharides 230:269 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 46 theme high 325:328 arg1 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 HPSEC 373:377 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 2 46 theme high 325:328 arg1 chromatography 357:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography 325:370 high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID) 325:470 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 1 47 theme Panax 219:223 arg1 spp 225:227 Panax spp 219:227 Panax spp 219:227 The objective of this study was to qualify and quantify the specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 2 48 theme specific 246:253 arg1 polysaccharides 255:269 specific polysaccharides 246:269 specific polysaccharides 246:269 The analyses of specific polysaccharides were performed by using GC-MS, saccharide mapping and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index detector (RID). 27561470 4 49 theme mapping 667:673 arg1 results 675:681 Saccharide mapping results 656:681 Saccharide mapping results 656:681 Saccharide mapping results showed that glycosides linkages, which existed in specific polysaccharides from Panax spp., were similar. 27561470 5 50 theme ginseng 849:855 arg1 polysaccharides 827:841 specific polysaccharides 818:841 specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng 818:855 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 5 50 theme ginseng 849:855 arg1 notoginseng 861:871 P. notoginseng 858:871 P. notoginseng 858:871 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 5 50 theme ginseng 849:855 arg1 quinquefolium 880:892 P. quinquefolium 877:892 P. quinquefolium 877:892 Additionally, the content of specific polysaccharides of P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium were 17.9-20.5mg/g, 11.9-15.0mg/g, and 9.9-13.3mg/g, respectively. 27561470 1 51 theme study 153:157 arg1 objective 135:143 The objective 131:143 The objective of this study 131:157 The objective of this study was to qualify and quantify the specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 7 52 theme polysaccharides 1218:1232 arg1 characterization 1163:1178 characterization 1163:1178 characterization 1163:1178 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 27561470 7 52 theme polysaccharides 1218:1232 arg1 determination 1192:1204 content determination 1184:1204 content determination 1184:1204 The results possessed great potential in characterization and content determination of specific polysaccharides in Panax spp. 26795079 2 0 theme → 494:494 arg1 [α-Kdo- 498:504 1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4) 492:511 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 3 1 theme high 654:657 arg1 yield 659:663 high yield 654:663 high yield 654:663 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 2 2 dep [α-Kdo- 498:504 arg1 5 496:496 5 496:496 5 496:496 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 5 3 theme Global 926:931 arg1 deprotection 933:944 Global deprotection 926:944 Global deprotection 926:944 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 0 4 theme core 89:92 arg1 fragments 94:102 inner core fragments 83:102 inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides 83:139 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. 26795079 1 5 dep Bartonella 293:302 arg1 henselae 304:311 Bartonella henselae 293:311 Bartonella henselae 293:311 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 5 6 theme A. 1032:1033 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 1048:1065 A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide 1032:1065 A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide 1032:1065 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 0 7 theme inner 83:87 arg1 fragments 94:102 inner core fragments 83:102 inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides 83:139 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. 26795079 3 8 theme fair 669:672 arg1 selectivity 683:693 fair anomeric selectivity 669:693 fair anomeric selectivity 669:693 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 4 9 theme β-D-glucopyranosyl 881:898 arg1 residues 916:923 β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues 881:923 β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues 881:923 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 4 10 theme regioselective 777:790 arg1 opening 814:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 3 11 theme anomeric 674:681 arg1 selectivity 683:693 fair anomeric selectivity 669:693 fair anomeric selectivity 669:693 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 2 12 theme fragments 426:434 arg1 synthesis 413:421 the synthesis 409:421 the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS 409:468 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 5 13 theme core 1017:1020 arg1 region 1022:1027 the inner core region 1007:1027 the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide 1007:1065 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 2 14 theme [α-Kdo- 498:504 arg1 motif 534:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 1 15 theme Kdo 385:387 arg1 position 371:378 position 5 371:380 position 5 of Kdo 371:387 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 2 16 dep Acinetobacter 439:451 arg1 haemolyticus 453:464 haemolyticus 453:464 haemolyticus 453:464 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 1 17 theme lipopolysaccharide 182:199 arg1 core 170:173 The heptose-deficient inner core 142:173 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, 142:326 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 5 18 theme pentasaccharide 963:977 arg1 structures 979:988 pentasaccharide structures 963:988 pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide 963:1065 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 4 19 theme isomaltosyl 904:914 arg1 residues 916:923 β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues 881:923 β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues 881:923 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 2 20 theme LPS 466:468 arg1 fragments 426:434 fragments 426:434 fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS 426:468 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 3 21 theme protected 588:596 arg1 Kdo-disaccharide 621:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 1 22 theme several 204:210 arg1 strains 223:229 several pathogenic strains 204:229 several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) 204:284 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 1 23 theme Bartonella 293:302 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 182:199 the lipopolysaccharide 178:199 the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, 178:326 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 0 24 theme lipopolysaccharides 121:139 arg1 fragments 94:102 inner core fragments 83:102 inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides 83:139 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. 26795079 1 25 theme pathogenic 212:221 arg1 strains 223:229 several pathogenic strains 204:229 several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) 204:284 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 0 26 theme 5-O-oligoglucosyl 13:29 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl 0:29 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. 26795079 0 27 theme Moraxellaceae 107:119 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 121:139 Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides 107:139 Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides 107:139 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. 26795079 1 28 theme strains 223:229 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 182:199 the lipopolysaccharide 178:199 the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, 178:326 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 5 29 theme lipopolysaccharide 1048:1065 arg1 region 1022:1027 the inner core region 1007:1027 the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide 1007:1065 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 4 30 theme reductive 792:800 arg1 opening 814:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 3 31 dep protected 588:596 arg1 α- 599:600 α- 599:600 α- 599:600 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 2 32 theme α-Glcp- 484:490 arg1 motif 534:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 2 33 theme synthesis 413:421 arg1 continuation 393:404 continuation 393:404 continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS 393:468 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 2 34 theme branched 475:482 arg1 motif 534:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 3 35 theme 4,6-O-benzylidene 703:719 arg1 donor 759:763 a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor 701:763 a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor 701:763 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 4 36 theme trisaccharide 833:845 arg1 acceptor 847:854 a trisaccharide acceptor 831:854 a trisaccharide acceptor 831:854 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 1 37 attach attached 359:366 arg2 α-D-glucopyranose 341:357 an α-D-glucopyranose 338:357 an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo 338:387 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 1 37 attach attached 359:366 arg1 position 371:378 position 5 371:380 position 5 of Kdo 371:387 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 3 38 theme N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate 721:748 arg1 donor 759:763 a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor 701:763 a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor 701:763 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 2 39 theme -α-Kdo 513:518 arg1 motif 534:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 3 40 theme -interlinked 608:619 arg1 Kdo-disaccharide 621:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 3 41 theme glucosyl 750:757 arg1 donor 759:763 a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor 701:763 a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor 701:763 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 3 42 theme Kdo-disaccharide 621:636 arg1 glycosylation 560:572 The glycosylation 556:572 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 556:636 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 3 43 gly glycosylation 560:572 arg1 selectivity 683:693 fair anomeric selectivity 669:693 fair anomeric selectivity 669:693 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 3 43 gly glycosylation 560:572 arg1 yield 659:663 high yield 654:663 high yield 654:663 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 3 43 gly glycosylation 560:572 arg1 Kdo-disaccharide 621:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 3 44 dep α- 599:600 arg1 → 604:604 2 → 4 602:606 2 → 4 602:606 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 1 45 theme Moraxellaceae 238:250 arg1 Acinetobacter 271:283 Acinetobacter 271:283 Acinetobacter 271:283 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 1 45 theme Moraxellaceae 238:250 arg1 family 252:257 the Moraxellaceae family 234:257 the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) 234:284 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 2 46 theme trisaccharide 520:532 arg1 motif 534:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif 471:538 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 4 47 theme Subsequent 766:775 arg1 opening 814:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 3 48 link -interlinked 608:619 arg1 Kdo-disaccharide 621:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide 577:636 The glycosylation of a suitably protected, α-(2 → 4)-interlinked Kdo-disaccharide was achieved in high yield and fair anomeric selectivity using a 4,6-O-benzylidene N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glucosyl donor. 26795079 1 49 theme family 252:257 arg1 strains 223:229 several pathogenic strains 204:229 several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) 204:284 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 5 50 dep A. 1032:1033 arg1 haemolyticus 1035:1046 haemolyticus 1035:1046 haemolyticus 1035:1046 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 4 51 theme benzylidene 802:812 arg1 opening 814:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening 766:820 Subsequent regioselective reductive benzylidene opening afforded a trisaccharide acceptor, which was extended with β-D-glucopyranosyl and isomaltosyl residues. 26795079 1 52 theme heptose-deficient 146:162 arg1 core 170:173 The heptose-deficient inner core 142:173 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, 142:326 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 26795079 0 53 theme -Kdo 47:50 arg1 disaccharides 52:64 α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides 40:64 α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides 40:139 Synthesis of 5-O-oligoglucosyl extended α-(2→4)-Kdo disaccharides corresponding to inner core fragments of Moraxellaceae lipopolysaccharides. 26795079 5 54 theme inner 1011:1015 arg1 region 1022:1027 the inner core region 1007:1027 the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide 1007:1065 Global deprotection provided tri- to pentasaccharide structures corresponding to the inner core region of A. haemolyticus lipopolysaccharide. 26795079 2 55 theme Acinetobacter 439:451 arg1 LPS 466:468 Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS 439:468 Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS 439:468 In continuation of the synthesis of fragments of Acinetobacter haemolyticus LPS, the branched α-Glcp-(1 → 5)[α-Kdo-(2 → 4)]-α-Kdo trisaccharide motif was elaborated. 26795079 1 56 theme inner 164:168 arg1 core 170:173 The heptose-deficient inner core 142:173 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, 142:326 The heptose-deficient inner core of the lipopolysaccharide of several pathogenic strains of the Moraxellaceae family (Moraxella, Acinetobacter) and of Bartonella henselae, respectively, comprises an α-D-glucopyranose attached to position 5 of Kdo. 25536026 2 0 theme arabinose 435:443 arg1 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 0 theme arabinose 435:443 arg1 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 3 1 theme 2D 587:588 arg1 NMR 590:592 2D NMR 587:592 2D NMR 587:592 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 2 2 theme molar 501:505 arg1 ratio 507:511 a molar ratio 499:511 a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1 499:529 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 4 3 theme peroxyl 906:912 arg1 anion 914:918 peroxyl anion 906:918 peroxyl anion 906:918 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 1 4 theme alkali 237:242 arg1 extraction 244:253 hot alkali extraction 233:253 hot alkali extraction 233:253 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 2 5 contain has 342:344 arg2 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 5 contain has 342:344 arg1 PLP 338:340 PLP 338:340 PLP 338:340 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 5 contain has 342:344 arg2 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 4 6 theme cholic 998:1003 arg1 acids 1026:1030 cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids 998:1030 cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids 998:1030 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 2 7 theme molecular 348:356 arg1 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 5 8 theme functional 1141:1150 arg1 foods 1152:1156 functional foods 1141:1156 functional foods 1141:1156 The results demonstrated the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals. 25536026 2 9 theme acid 463:466 arg1 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 9 theme acid 463:466 arg1 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 3 10 theme 1D 580:581 arg1 results 536:542 The results 532:542 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR 532:592 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 11 attach attached 787:794 arg2 α-T-linked-GlcAp 744:759 one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf 740:785 α-T-linked-GlcAp 744:759 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 11 attach attached 787:794 arg1 position 807:814 the O-2 position 799:814 the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues 799:850 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 11 attach attached 787:794 arg2 -Araf 781:785 one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf 740:785 -Araf 781:785 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 0 12 theme radical-scavenging 81:98 arg1 activities 122:131 its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities 77:131 its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities 77:131 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 3 13 theme α-Araf- 769:775 arg1 -Araf 781:785 one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf 740:785 -Araf 781:785 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 1 14 theme chromatographic 259:273 arg1 purification 275:286 chromatographic purification 259:286 chromatographic purification 259:286 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 0 15 theme acid-binding 109:120 arg1 activities 122:131 its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities 77:131 its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities 77:131 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 0 16 theme bile 104:107 arg1 activities 122:131 its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities 77:131 its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities 77:131 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 3 17 theme NMR 590:592 arg1 results 536:542 The results 532:542 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR 532:592 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 2 18 theme 18.8:7.2:6.1:1 516:529 arg1 ratio 507:511 a molar ratio 499:511 a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1 499:529 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 5 19 theme potential 1117:1125 arg1 use 1127:1129 the potential use 1113:1129 the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals 1113:1175 The results demonstrated the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals. 25536026 0 20 theme novel 2:6 arg1 polysaccharide 27:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide 0:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 0:132 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 3 21 dep position 807:814 arg1 residues 843:850 every eight monosaccharide residues 816:850 the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues 799:850 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 4 22 theme scavenging 867:876 arg1 abilities 878:886 scavenging abilities 867:886 scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals 867:937 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 3 23 theme FT-IR 569:573 arg1 results 536:542 The results 532:542 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR 532:592 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 24 theme Xylp 663:666 arg1 backbone 668:675 β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 650:675 β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 650:675 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 2 25 theme × 373:373 arg1 Da 381:382 1.15 × 10(6) Da 368:382 1.15 × 10(6) Da 368:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 0 26 theme extractable 15:25 arg1 polysaccharide 27:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide 0:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 0:132 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 3 27 theme branched 626:633 arg1 heteroxylan 635:645 a highly branched heteroxylan 617:645 a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 617:675 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 27 theme branched 626:633 arg1 PLP 609:611 PLP 609:611 PLP 609:611 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 0 28 theme alkali 8:13 arg1 polysaccharide 27:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide 0:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 0:132 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 1 29 theme DEAE 294:297 arg1 cellulose 299:307 DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns 294:335 cellulose 299:307 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 4 30 theme binding 971:977 arg1 capacities 979:988 significant binding capacities 959:988 significant binding capacities 959:988 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 3 31 theme methylation 547:557 arg1 analysis 559:566 methylation analysis 547:566 methylation analysis 547:566 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 2 32 theme Da 381:382 arg1 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 32 theme Da 381:382 arg1 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 4 33 theme significant 959:969 arg1 capacities 979:988 significant binding capacities 959:988 significant binding capacities 959:988 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 1 34 theme Plantago 204:211 arg1 seeds 224:228 Plantago asiatic L. seeds 204:228 Plantago asiatic L. seeds 204:228 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 3 35 theme β-1,4-linked 650:661 arg1 backbone 668:675 β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 650:675 β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 650:675 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 0 36 from Seeds 67:71 arg1 polysaccharide 27:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide 0:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 0:132 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 2 37 theme monosaccharide 391:404 arg1 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 3 38 theme O-2 803:805 arg1 position 807:814 the O-2 position 799:814 the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues 799:850 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 1 39 theme asiatic 213:219 arg1 seeds 224:228 Plantago asiatic L. seeds 204:228 Plantago asiatic L. seeds 204:228 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 0 40 theme asiatic 56:62 arg1 Seeds 67:71 Plantago asiatic L. Seeds 47:71 Plantago asiatic L. Seeds 47:71 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 1 41 theme Sephacryl 313:321 arg1 columns 329:335 DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns 294:335 columns 329:335 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 5 42 from use 1127:1129 arg1 nutraceuticals 1162:1175 nutraceuticals 1162:1175 nutraceuticals 1162:1175 The results demonstrated the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals. 25536026 5 42 from use 1127:1129 arg1 foods 1152:1156 functional foods 1141:1156 functional foods 1141:1156 The results demonstrated the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals. 25536026 2 43 theme glucuronic 452:461 arg1 GlcA 469:472 GlcA 469:472 GlcA 469:472 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 43 theme glucuronic 452:461 arg1 acid 463:466 glucuronic acid 452:466 glucuronic acid (GlcA) 452:473 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 0 44 theme Plantago 47:54 arg1 Seeds 67:71 Plantago asiatic L. Seeds 47:71 Plantago asiatic L. Seeds 47:71 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 1 45 theme S-400 323:327 arg1 columns 329:335 DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns 294:335 columns 329:335 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 2 46 theme xylose 421:426 arg1 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 46 theme xylose 421:426 arg1 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 3 47 link β-1,4-linked 650:661 arg1 backbone 668:675 β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 650:675 β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 650:675 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 48 attach attached 707:714 arg2 -Araf 701:705 three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf 682:705 three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf 682:705 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 48 attach attached 707:714 arg1 position 727:734 the O-3 position 719:734 the O-3 position 719:734 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 2 49 theme galactose 480:488 arg1 composition 406:416 a monosaccharide composition 389:416 a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) 389:494 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 2 49 theme galactose 480:488 arg1 weight 358:363 a molecular weight 346:363 a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da 346:382 PLP has a molecular weight of 1.15 × 10(6) Da, and a monosaccharide composition of xylose (Xyl), arabinose (Ara), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and galactose (Gal) in a molar ratio of 18.8:7.2:6.1:1. 25536026 4 50 theme cholesterol-lowering 1057:1076 arg1 activity 1078:1085 its possible cholesterol-lowering activity 1044:1085 its possible cholesterol-lowering activity 1044:1085 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 3 51 theme O-3 723:725 arg1 position 727:734 the O-3 position 719:734 the O-3 position 719:734 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 1 52 theme L. 221:222 arg1 seeds 224:228 Plantago asiatic L. seeds 204:228 Plantago asiatic L. seeds 204:228 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 3 53 theme analysis 559:566 arg1 results 536:542 The results 532:542 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR 532:592 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 4 54 theme possible 1048:1055 arg1 activity 1078:1085 its possible cholesterol-lowering activity 1044:1085 its possible cholesterol-lowering activity 1044:1085 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 3 55 theme monosaccharide 828:841 arg1 residues 843:850 every eight monosaccharide residues 816:850 the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues 799:850 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 1 56 theme new 136:138 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 A new acidic polysaccharide 134:160 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) 134:166 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 1 56 theme new 136:138 arg1 PLP 163:165 PLP 163:165 PLP 163:165 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 3 57 theme α-GlcAp- 688:695 arg1 -Araf 701:705 three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf 682:705 three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf 682:705 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 58 dep -Araf 701:705 arg1 1→3 697:699 1→3 697:699 1→3 697:699 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 4 59 theme chenodeoxycholic 1009:1024 arg1 acids 1026:1030 cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids 998:1030 cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids 998:1030 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 1 60 theme acidic 140:145 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 A new acidic polysaccharide 134:160 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) 134:166 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 1 60 theme acidic 140:145 arg1 PLP 163:165 PLP 163:165 PLP 163:165 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 25536026 4 61 theme DPPH 925:928 arg1 radicals 930:937 DPPH radicals 925:937 DPPH radicals 925:937 PLP exhibited scavenging abilities against hydroxyl, peroxyl anion, and DPPH radicals in vitro and showed significant binding capacities against cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, suggesting its possible cholesterol-lowering activity. 25536026 3 62 theme backbone 668:675 arg1 heteroxylan 635:645 a highly branched heteroxylan 617:645 a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone 617:675 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 3 62 theme backbone 668:675 arg1 PLP 609:611 PLP 609:611 PLP 609:611 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 0 63 theme L. 64:65 arg1 Seeds 67:71 Plantago asiatic L. Seeds 47:71 Plantago asiatic L. Seeds 47:71 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 0 64 from activities 122:131 arg1 polysaccharide 27:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide 0:40 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 0:132 A novel alkali extractable polysaccharide from Plantago asiatic L. Seeds and its radical-scavenging and bile acid-binding activities. 25536026 3 65 dep -Araf 781:785 arg1 1→5 777:779 1→5 777:779 1→5 777:779 The results of methylation analysis, FT-IR, and 1D and 2D NMR indicated that PLP was a highly branched heteroxylan of β-1,4-linked Xylp backbone with three α-GlcAp-(1→3)-Araf attached to the O-3 position and one α-T-linked-GlcAp and one α-Araf-(1→5)-Araf attached to the O-2 position every eight monosaccharide residues. 25536026 5 66 theme PLP 1134:1136 arg1 use 1127:1129 the potential use 1113:1129 the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals 1113:1175 The results demonstrated the potential use of PLP in functional foods and nutraceuticals. 25536026 1 67 theme hot 233:235 arg1 extraction 244:253 hot alkali extraction 233:253 hot alkali extraction 233:253 A new acidic polysaccharide (PLP) was isolated and characterized from Plantago asiatic L. seeds by hot alkali extraction and chromatographic purification using DEAE cellulose and Sephacryl S-400 columns. 27825996 6 0 theme 13C 949:951 arg1 NMR 953:955 13C NMR 949:955 13C NMR 949:955 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 1 1 theme plant 196:200 arg1 biomass 202:208 plant biomass 196:208 plant biomass 196:208 Wood rotting basidiomycetes produce extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass. 27825996 0 2 from characterization 11:26 arg1 subvermispora 80:92 subvermispora 80:92 subvermispora 80:92 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 6 3 theme residue-branched 1038:1053 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1055:1066 a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan 1006:1066 a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan 1006:1066 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 6 3 theme residue-branched 1038:1053 arg1 advantageous 1078:1089 advantageous 1078:1089 advantageous 1078:1089 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 4 4 theme electron 561:568 arg1 microscopy 570:579 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy 531:579 microscopy 570:579 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 4 5 theme beech 649:653 arg1 slice 660:664 a beech wood slice 647:664 a beech wood slice 647:664 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 6 6 theme comb-like 1008:1016 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1055:1066 a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan 1006:1066 a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan 1006:1066 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 6 6 theme comb-like 1008:1016 arg1 advantageous 1078:1089 advantageous 1078:1089 advantageous 1078:1089 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 4 7 from interface 707:715 arg1 sheath 599:604 the sheath 595:604 the sheath 595:604 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 4 7 from interface 707:715 arg1 embedded 691:698 embedded 691:698 embedded 691:698 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 5 8 theme wood 886:889 arg1 slices 891:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 4 9 theme cell 748:751 arg1 walls 753:757 wood cell walls 743:757 wood cell walls 743:757 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 5 10 theme -d-glucose 865:874 arg1 slices 891:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 3 11 theme cellulose 485:493 arg1 damage 495:500 limited cellulose damage 477:500 limited cellulose damage 477:500 To fill this gap, the sheath produced by the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which degrades lignin while inflicting limited cellulose damage, was analyzed in this study. 27825996 5 12 theme chemical 773:780 arg1 structure 782:790 The sheath's chemical structure 760:790 The sheath's chemical structure 760:790 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 4 13 theme Fluorescence 531:542 arg1 microscopy 570:579 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy 531:579 microscopy 570:579 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 5 14 theme fungus 811:816 arg1 cultures 818:825 fungus cultures 811:825 fungus cultures 811:825 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 1 15 theme Wood 95:98 arg1 basidiomycetes 108:121 Wood rotting basidiomycetes 95:121 Wood rotting basidiomycetes 95:121 Wood rotting basidiomycetes produce extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass. 27825996 5 16 theme liquid 832:837 arg1 medium 839:844 a liquid medium 830:844 a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 830:896 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 1 17 theme rotting 100:106 arg1 basidiomycetes 108:121 Wood rotting basidiomycetes 95:121 Wood rotting basidiomycetes 95:121 Wood rotting basidiomycetes produce extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass. 27825996 6 18 theme methylation 923:933 arg1 analysis 935:942 methylation analysis 923:942 methylation analysis 923:942 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 6 19 theme secondary 1125:1133 arg1 metabolites 1135:1145 extracellular secondary metabolites 1111:1145 extracellular secondary metabolites 1111:1145 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 0:93 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 3 21 theme limited 477:483 arg1 damage 495:500 limited cellulose damage 477:500 limited cellulose damage 477:500 To fill this gap, the sheath produced by the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which degrades lignin while inflicting limited cellulose damage, was analyzed in this study. 27825996 3 22 theme basidiomycete 395:407 arg1 subvermispora 423:435 the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 391:435 the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 391:435 To fill this gap, the sheath produced by the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which degrades lignin while inflicting limited cellulose damage, was analyzed in this study. 27825996 3 23 theme Ceriporiopsis 409:421 arg1 subvermispora 423:435 the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 391:435 the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 391:435 To fill this gap, the sheath produced by the basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, which degrades lignin while inflicting limited cellulose damage, was analyzed in this study. 27825996 6 24 theme Compositional 899:911 arg1 analysis 913:920 Compositional analysis 899:920 Compositional analysis 899:920 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 1 25 theme extracellular 131:143 arg1 sheaths 158:164 extracellular mucilaginous sheaths 131:164 extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass 131:208 Wood rotting basidiomycetes produce extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass. 27825996 4 26 theme agar 672:675 arg1 plate 677:681 an agar plate 669:681 an agar plate 669:681 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 0 27 theme glucan 47:52 arg1 sheath 54:59 highly branched glucan sheath 31:59 highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 31:92 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 5 28 contain containing 846:855 arg1 medium 839:844 a liquid medium 830:844 a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 830:896 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 5 28 contain containing 846:855 arg2 slices 891:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 6 29 theme extracellular 1111:1123 arg1 metabolites 1135:1145 extracellular secondary metabolites 1111:1145 extracellular secondary metabolites 1111:1145 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 0 30 theme branched 38:45 arg1 sheath 54:59 highly branched glucan sheath 31:59 highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 31:92 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 0 31 from subvermispora 80:92 arg1 sheath 54:59 highly branched glucan sheath 31:59 highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora 31:92 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 0 31 from subvermispora 80:92 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 0:93 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 5 32 theme beech 880:884 arg1 slices 891:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices 857:896 The sheath's chemical structure was evaluated from fungus cultures in a liquid medium containing [U-13C6]-d-glucose and beech wood slices. 27825996 1 33 theme mucilaginous 145:156 arg1 sheaths 158:164 extracellular mucilaginous sheaths 131:164 extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass 131:208 Wood rotting basidiomycetes produce extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass. 27825996 0 34 theme sheath 54:59 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 0:93 Structural characterization of highly branched glucan sheath from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. 27825996 2 35 theme sheaths 249:255 arg1 versatility 221:231 the versatility 217:231 the versatility of these fungal sheaths 217:255 While the versatility of these fungal sheaths has been addressed, sheaths generated by selective white-rot fungi remain poorly understood. 27825996 4 36 theme wood 743:746 arg1 walls 753:757 wood cell walls 743:757 wood cell walls 743:757 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 2 37 theme fungal 242:247 arg1 sheaths 249:255 these fungal sheaths 236:255 these fungal sheaths 236:255 While the versatility of these fungal sheaths has been addressed, sheaths generated by selective white-rot fungi remain poorly understood. 27825996 2 38 theme selective 298:306 arg1 fungi 318:322 selective white-rot fungi 298:322 selective white-rot fungi 298:322 While the versatility of these fungal sheaths has been addressed, sheaths generated by selective white-rot fungi remain poorly understood. 27825996 2 39 theme white-rot 308:316 arg1 fungi 318:322 selective white-rot fungi 298:322 selective white-rot fungi 298:322 While the versatility of these fungal sheaths has been addressed, sheaths generated by selective white-rot fungi remain poorly understood. 27825996 1 40 theme fungal 178:183 arg1 hyphae 185:190 fungal hyphae 178:190 fungal hyphae 178:190 Wood rotting basidiomycetes produce extracellular mucilaginous sheaths interfacing fungal hyphae and plant biomass. 27825996 4 41 theme wood 655:658 arg1 slice 660:664 a beech wood slice 647:664 a beech wood slice 647:664 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 4 42 theme fungal 725:730 arg1 hyphae 732:737 fungal hyphae 725:737 fungal hyphae 725:737 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27825996 6 43 theme β-1,6-glucopyranose 1018:1036 arg1 β-1,3-glucan 1055:1066 a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan 1006:1066 a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan 1006:1066 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 6 43 theme β-1,6-glucopyranose 1018:1036 arg1 advantageous 1078:1089 advantageous 1078:1089 advantageous 1078:1089 Compositional analysis, methylation analysis, and 13C NMR demonstrated that the sheath mainly consisted of a comb-like β-1,6-glucopyranose residue-branched β-1,3-glucan, which is advantageous to retain water and extracellular secondary metabolites. 27825996 4 44 theme transmission 548:559 arg1 microscopy 570:579 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy 531:579 microscopy 570:579 Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sheath formed three days after inoculation into a beech wood slice on an agar plate and was embedded at the interface between fungal hyphae and wood cell walls. 27506886 0 0 theme different 70:78 arg1 varieties 80:88 different varieties 70:88 different varieties of Auricularia auricula 70:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 0 0 theme different 70:78 arg1 auricula 105:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 1 1 theme extraction 287:296 arg1 process 298:304 an alkali extraction process 277:304 an alkali extraction process 277:304 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 2 theme different 135:143 arg1 kinds 145:149 five different kinds 130:149 five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) 130:203 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 5 3 theme reducing-power 708:721 arg1 methods 723:729 reducing-power methods 708:729 reducing-power methods 708:729 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 0 4 from activity 12:19 arg1 varieties 80:88 different varieties 70:88 different varieties of Auricularia auricula 70:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 0 4 from activity 12:19 arg1 auricula 105:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 5 5 theme antioxidant 560:570 arg1 capacities 572:581 Their antioxidant capacities 554:581 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro 554:590 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 9 6 theme oxygen 1440:1445 arg1 ROS 1456:1458 ROS 1456:1458 ROS 1456:1458 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 6 theme oxygen 1440:1445 arg1 species 1447:1453 reactive oxygen species 1431:1453 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1431:1459 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 4 7 theme GC 543:544 arg1 method 546:551 the GC method 539:551 the GC method 539:551 The monosaccharide composition was determined by the GC method. 27506886 5 8 theme chelating 686:694 arg1 ability 696:702 metal chelating ability 680:702 metal chelating ability 680:702 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 10 9 theme auricula 1610:1617 arg1 polysaccharides 1619:1633 A. auricula polysaccharides 1607:1633 A. auricula polysaccharides 1607:1633 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 6 10 theme effects 781:787 arg1 evaluation 749:758 the evaluation 745:758 the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo 745:795 In addition, the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo was performed using the C. elegans model. 27506886 9 11 theme species 1447:1453 arg1 level 1422:1426 the level 1418:1426 the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans 1418:1473 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 12 theme 70.04 1367:1371 arg1 % 1379:1379 70.04 ± 8.75% 1367:1379 70.04 ± 8.75% 1367:1379 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 6 13 theme antioxidant 769:779 arg1 effects 781:787 their antioxidant effects 763:787 their antioxidant effects in vivo 763:795 In addition, the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo was performed using the C. elegans model. 27506886 3 14 theme polysaccharide 466:479 arg1 content 455:461 the highest content 443:461 the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02% 443:487 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province had the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02%. 27506886 9 15 theme ± 1373:1373 arg1 % 1379:1379 70.04 ± 8.75% 1367:1379 70.04 ± 8.75% 1367:1379 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 0 16 theme auricula 105:112 arg1 varieties 80:88 different varieties 70:88 different varieties of Auricularia auricula 70:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 0 16 theme auricula 105:112 arg1 auricula 105:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 7 17 theme Auricularia 930:940 arg1 AAPs 968:971 AAPs 968:971 AAPs 968:971 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 17 theme Auricularia 930:940 arg1 polysaccharides 951:965 Auricularia auricula polysaccharides 930:965 Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) 930:972 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 10 18 theme important 1549:1557 arg1 variety 1534:1540 variety 1534:1540 variety 1534:1540 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 10 18 theme important 1549:1557 arg1 factor 1559:1564 an important factor 1546:1564 an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides 1546:1633 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 0 19 theme Auricularia 93:103 arg1 auricula 105:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Auricularia auricula 93:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 7 20 theme antioxidant 906:916 arg1 activity 918:925 antioxidant activity 906:925 antioxidant activity 906:925 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 10 21 theme antioxidant 1583:1593 arg1 activity 1595:1602 the antioxidant activity 1579:1602 the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides 1579:1633 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 1 22 theme polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 kinds 145:149 five different kinds 130:149 five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) 130:203 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 9 23 theme reactive 1431:1438 arg1 ROS 1456:1458 ROS 1456:1458 ROS 1456:1458 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 23 theme reactive 1431:1438 arg1 species 1447:1453 reactive oxygen species 1431:1453 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1431:1459 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 8 24 theme strongest 1041:1049 arg1 activity 1063:1070 the strongest antioxidant activity 1037:1070 the strongest antioxidant activity 1037:1070 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 9 25 from level 1422:1426 arg1 elegans 1467:1473 C. elegans 1464:1473 C. elegans 1464:1473 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 3 26 theme Auricularia 386:396 arg1 auricula 398:405 Auricularia auricula 386:405 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province 386:437 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province had the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02%. 27506886 0 27 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula 0:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 10 28 theme present 1503:1509 arg1 results 1511:1517 The present results 1499:1517 The present results 1499:1517 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 5 29 theme radical-scavenging 609:626 arg1 capacity 628:635 radical-scavenging capacity 609:635 radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals) 609:677 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 8 30 theme 1  1213:1214 arg1 ratio 1204:1208 the molar ratio 1194:1208 the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17 1194:1245 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 5 31 dep capacity 628:635 arg1 superoxide 644:653 superoxide 644:653 superoxide 644:653 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 5 31 dep capacity 628:635 arg1 DPPH 638:641 DPPH 638:641 DPPH 638:641 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 5 31 dep capacity 628:635 arg1 radicals 669:676 hydroxyl radicals 660:676 hydroxyl radicals 660:676 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 1 32 theme different 225:233 arg1 varieties 235:243 different varieties 225:243 different varieties of Auricularia auricula 225:267 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 32 theme different 225:233 arg1 auricula 260:267 Auricularia auricula 248:267 Auricularia auricula 248:267 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 6 33 theme in 789:790 arg1 effects 781:787 their antioxidant effects 763:787 their antioxidant effects in vivo 763:795 In addition, the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo was performed using the C. elegans model. 27506886 9 34 theme by 1389:1390 arg1 % 1405:1405 CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% 1385:1405 CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% 1385:1405 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 8 35 theme antioxidant 1051:1061 arg1 activity 1063:1070 the strongest antioxidant activity 1037:1070 the strongest antioxidant activity 1037:1070 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 8 36 dep ratio 1204:1208 arg1  1  1237:1239  1  1237:1239  1  1237:1239 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 8 36 dep ratio 1204:1208 arg1  1.67  1230:1235  1.67  1230:1235  1.67  1230:1235 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 8 36 dep ratio 1204:1208 arg1  0.33  1223:1228  0.33  1223:1228  0.33  1223:1228 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 8 36 dep ratio 1204:1208 arg1  0.17 1241:1245  0.17 1241:1245  0.17 1241:1245 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 8 36 dep ratio 1204:1208 arg1  0.44  1216:1221  0.44  1216:1221  0.44  1216:1221 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 6 37 dep in 789:790 arg1 vivo 792:795 vivo 792:795 vivo 792:795 In addition, the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo was performed using the C. elegans model. 27506886 9 38 theme ± 1399:1399 arg1 % 1405:1405 CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% 1385:1405 CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% 1385:1405 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 39 theme oxidative 1481:1489 arg1 stress 1491:1496 oxidative stress 1481:1496 oxidative stress 1481:1496 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 40 theme CAT 1385:1387 arg1 % 1405:1405 CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% 1385:1405 CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% 1385:1405 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 2 41 theme Sevag 372:376 arg1 method 378:383 the Sevag method 368:383 the Sevag method 368:383 Furthermore, the crude polysaccharides were deproteinized by the Sevag method. 27506886 6 42 dep C. 821:822 arg1 elegans 824:830 elegans 824:830 elegans 824:830 In addition, the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo was performed using the C. elegans model. 27506886 5 43 theme metal 680:684 arg1 ability 696:702 metal chelating ability 680:702 metal chelating ability 680:702 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 3 44 contain had 439:441 arg1 auricula 398:405 Auricularia auricula 386:405 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province 386:437 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province had the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02%. 27506886 3 44 contain had 439:441 arg2 content 455:461 the highest content 443:461 the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02% 443:487 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province had the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02%. 27506886 3 45 theme Shanxi 423:428 arg1 province 430:437 the Shanxi province 419:437 the Shanxi province 419:437 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province had the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02%. 27506886 8 46 theme molar 1198:1202 arg1 ratio 1204:1208 the molar ratio 1194:1208 the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17 1194:1245 Among them, the strongest antioxidant activity was shown for AAP1, consisting of arabinose, xylose, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, mannose, glucose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with the molar ratio of 1 : 0.44 : 0.33 : 1.67 : 1 : 0.17. 27506886 1 47 theme auricula 260:267 arg1 varieties 235:243 different varieties 225:243 different varieties of Auricularia auricula 225:267 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 47 theme auricula 260:267 arg1 auricula 260:267 Auricularia auricula 248:267 Auricularia auricula 248:267 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 9 48 theme free 1266:1269 arg1 radicals 1271:1278 free radicals 1266:1278 free radicals 1266:1278 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 10 49 theme A. 1607:1608 arg1 polysaccharides 1619:1633 A. auricula polysaccharides 1607:1633 A. auricula polysaccharides 1607:1633 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 10 50 theme polysaccharides 1619:1633 arg1 activity 1595:1602 the antioxidant activity 1579:1602 the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides 1579:1633 The present results suggested that variety was an important factor that affects the antioxidant activity of A. auricula polysaccharides. 27506886 1 51 dep polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 AAP1 171:174 AAP1 171:174 AAP1 171:174 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 51 dep polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 AAP4 189:192 AAP4 189:192 AAP4 189:192 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 51 dep polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 AAP2 177:180 AAP2 177:180 AAP2 177:180 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 51 dep polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 AAP5 199:202 AAP5 199:202 AAP5 199:202 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 51 dep polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 AAP3 183:186 AAP3 183:186 AAP3 183:186 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 1 51 dep polysaccharides 154:168 arg1 polysaccharides 154:168 polysaccharides 154:168 polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) 154:203 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 7 52 theme auricula 942:949 arg1 AAPs 968:971 AAPs 968:971 AAPs 968:971 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 52 theme auricula 942:949 arg1 polysaccharides 951:965 Auricularia auricula polysaccharides 930:965 Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) 930:972 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 6 53 theme C. 821:822 arg1 model 832:836 the C. elegans model 817:836 the C. elegans model 817:836 In addition, the evaluation of their antioxidant effects in vivo was performed using the C. elegans model. 27506886 4 54 theme monosaccharide 494:507 arg1 composition 509:519 The monosaccharide composition 490:519 The monosaccharide composition 490:519 The monosaccharide composition was determined by the GC method. 27506886 7 55 theme various 1008:1014 arg1 sources 1016:1022 various sources 1008:1022 various sources 1008:1022 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 56 theme polysaccharides 951:965 arg1 yield 843:847 The yield 839:847 The yield of crude polysaccharides 839:872 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 56 theme polysaccharides 951:965 arg1 composition 890:900 monosaccharide composition 875:900 monosaccharide composition 875:900 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 56 theme polysaccharides 951:965 arg1 activity 918:925 antioxidant activity 906:925 antioxidant activity 906:925 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 56 theme polysaccharides 951:965 arg1 different 979:987 different 979:987 different 979:987 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 57 theme monosaccharide 875:888 arg1 composition 890:900 monosaccharide composition 875:900 monosaccharide composition 875:900 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 9 58 theme superoxide 1337:1346 arg1 SOD 1359:1361 SOD 1359:1361 SOD 1359:1361 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 58 theme superoxide 1337:1346 arg1 dismutase 1348:1356 superoxide dismutase 1337:1356 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1337:1362 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 5 59 theme hydroxyl 660:667 arg1 radicals 669:676 hydroxyl radicals 660:676 hydroxyl radicals 660:676 Their antioxidant capacities in vitro were assessed by radical-scavenging capacity (DPPH, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals), metal chelating ability and reducing-power methods. 27506886 3 60 theme highest 447:453 arg1 content 455:461 the highest content 443:461 the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02% 443:487 Auricularia auricula produced in the Shanxi province had the highest content of polysaccharide, 53.02%. 27506886 7 61 theme crude 852:856 arg1 polysaccharides 858:872 crude polysaccharides 852:872 crude polysaccharides 852:872 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 62 from sources 1016:1022 arg1 samples 995:1001 samples 995:1001 samples from various sources 995:1022 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 0 63 theme polysaccharides 49:63 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula 0:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 0 64 from varieties 80:88 arg1 activity 12:19 Antioxidant activity 0:19 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula 0:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 0 64 from varieties 80:88 arg1 polysaccharides 49:63 the polysaccharides 45:63 the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula 45:112 Antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from different varieties of Auricularia auricula. 27506886 2 65 theme crude 324:328 arg1 polysaccharides 330:344 the crude polysaccharides 320:344 the crude polysaccharides 320:344 Furthermore, the crude polysaccharides were deproteinized by the Sevag method. 27506886 7 66 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 yield 843:847 The yield 839:847 The yield of crude polysaccharides 839:872 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 66 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 composition 890:900 monosaccharide composition 875:900 monosaccharide composition 875:900 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 66 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 activity 918:925 antioxidant activity 906:925 antioxidant activity 906:925 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 7 66 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 different 979:987 different 979:987 different 979:987 The yield of crude polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) were different among samples from various sources. 27506886 1 67 theme alkali 280:285 arg1 process 298:304 an alkali extraction process 277:304 an alkali extraction process 277:304 In this study, five different kinds of polysaccharides (AAP1, AAP2, AAP3, AAP4, and AAP5) were extracted from different varieties of Auricularia auricula through an alkali extraction process. 27506886 9 68 theme stress-resistance-related 1293:1317 arg1 enzymes 1319:1325 stress-resistance-related enzymes 1293:1325 stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1293:1362 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 27506886 9 68 theme stress-resistance-related 1293:1317 arg1 dismutase 1348:1356 superoxide dismutase 1337:1356 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1337:1362 It could scavenge free radicals, up-regulate stress-resistance-related enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 70.04 ± 8.75% and CAT by 117.32 ± 8.06% and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans under oxidative stress. 26249618 5 0 theme optimized 786:794 arg1 concentration 796:808 an optimized concentration 783:808 an optimized concentration of 1% 783:814 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 8 1 theme HA/β-TCP 1165:1172 arg1 ratio 1156:1160 a higher ratio 1147:1160 a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) 1147:1188 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 5 2 theme optimum 689:695 arg1 amount 697:702 The optimum amount 685:702 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite 685:732 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 5 2 theme optimum 689:695 arg1 % 741:741 2.5% 738:741 2.5% 738:741 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 5 2 theme optimum 689:695 arg1 TPP 707:709 TPP 707:709 TPP 707:709 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 3 3 from components 477:486 arg1 composites 491:500 composites 491:500 composites 491:500 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 4 4 theme in-vitro 608:615 arg1 degradation 617:627 in-vitro degradation 608:627 in-vitro degradation 608:627 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 8 5 with scaffolds 1244:1252 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a lower ratio 1259:1271 a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70) 1259:1299 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 8 6 dep 40/30/30 1180:1187 arg1 e.g. 1175:1178 e.g. 1175:1178 e.g. 1175:1178 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 2 7 theme mussel 390:395 arg1 shells 397:402 waste mussel shells 384:402 waste mussel shells 384:402 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 8 8 with scaffolds 1132:1140 arg1 ratio 1156:1160 a higher ratio 1147:1160 a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) 1147:1188 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 3 9 from ratios 455:460 arg1 composites 491:500 composites 491:500 composites 491:500 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 5 10 used used 760:763 arg2 glycerol 747:754 glycerol 747:754 glycerol 747:754 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 5 10 used used 760:763 arg2 plasticizer 768:778 plasticizer 768:778 plasticizer 768:778 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 1 11 from advancement 211:221 arg1 engineering 238:248 bone tissue engineering 226:248 bone tissue engineering 226:248 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 5 12 theme TPP 707:709 arg1 amount 697:702 The optimum amount 685:702 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite 685:732 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 5 12 theme TPP 707:709 arg1 % 741:741 2.5% 738:741 2.5% 738:741 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 5 12 theme TPP 707:709 arg1 TPP 707:709 TPP 707:709 TPP 707:709 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 6 13 theme cross-linked 834:845 arg1 composites 856:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites were developed by freezing and lyophilisation. 26249618 9 14 theme bone-like 1352:1360 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 potential candidates 1382:1401 potential candidates for biomedical applications 1382:1429 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 9 14 theme bone-like 1352:1360 arg1 composites 1362:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 2 15 theme waste 384:388 arg1 shells 397:402 waste mussel shells 384:402 waste mussel shells 384:402 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 6 16 theme Tripolyphosphate 817:832 arg1 composites 856:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites were developed by freezing and lyophilisation. 26249618 1 17 theme tissue 231:236 arg1 engineering 238:248 bone tissue engineering 226:248 bone tissue engineering 226:248 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 3 18 theme ceramic 469:475 arg1 components 477:486 the ceramic components 465:486 the ceramic components in composites 465:500 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 8 19 from biodegradation 1212:1225 arg1 comparison 1230:1239 comparison 1230:1239 comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70) 1230:1299 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 9 20 theme biomedical 1407:1416 arg1 applications 1418:1429 biomedical applications 1407:1429 biomedical applications 1407:1429 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 1 21 theme Calcium 114:120 arg1 ceramics 132:139 Calcium phosphate ceramics 114:139 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition 114:167 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 1 22 theme bone 226:229 arg1 engineering 238:248 bone tissue engineering 226:248 bone tissue engineering 226:248 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 9 23 theme chitosan 1337:1344 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 potential candidates 1382:1401 potential candidates for biomedical applications 1382:1429 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 9 23 theme chitosan 1337:1344 arg1 composites 1362:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 1 24 theme phosphate 122:130 arg1 ceramics 132:139 Calcium phosphate ceramics 114:139 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition 114:167 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 2 25 dep hydroxyapatite 315:328 arg1 obtained 370:377 obtained 370:377 obtained from waste mussel shells 370:402 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 2 25 dep hydroxyapatite 315:328 arg1 cross-linked 408:419 cross-linked 408:419 cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP) 408:448 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 3 26 dep HA/β-TCP/CH 540:550 arg1 % 557:557 w/w % 553:557 w/w % 553:557 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 5 27 theme % 814:814 arg1 concentration 796:808 an optimized concentration 783:808 an optimized concentration of 1% 783:814 The optimum amount of TPP required for composite was 2.5% and glycerol was used as plasticizer at an optimized concentration of 1%. 26249618 8 28 theme physiological 1088:1100 arg1 solution 1102:1109 physiological solution 1088:1109 physiological solution 1088:1109 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 2 29 theme β-tricalcium 339:350 arg1 phosphate 352:360 β-tricalcium phosphate 339:360 β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) 339:368 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 2 29 theme β-tricalcium 339:350 arg1 β-TCP 363:367 β-TCP 363:367 β-TCP 363:367 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 8 30 theme lower 1261:1265 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a lower ratio 1259:1271 a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70) 1259:1299 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 0 31 theme composites 66:75 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications. 26249618 0 31 theme composites 66:75 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications. 26249618 4 32 theme structural 582:591 arg1 properties 593:602 structural properties 582:602 structural properties 582:602 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 8 33 theme bone-like 1112:1120 arg1 scaffolds 1132:1140 bone-like composite scaffolds 1112:1140 bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) 1112:1188 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 7 34 dep 68 1034:1035 arg1 to 1031:1032 to 1031:1032 to 1031:1032 The Young's modulus of the scaffolds was increased from 4kPa to 17kPa and the porosity of composites dropped from 85 to 68% by increasing the HA/β-TCP ratio. 26249618 2 35 theme chitosan 282:289 arg1 composite 291:299 a chitosan composite 280:299 a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP) 280:448 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 7 36 theme scaffolds 941:949 arg1 modulus 926:932 The Young's modulus 914:932 The Young's modulus of the scaffolds 914:949 The Young's modulus of the scaffolds was increased from 4kPa to 17kPa and the porosity of composites dropped from 85 to 68% by increasing the HA/β-TCP ratio. 26249618 8 37 theme HA/β-TCP 1276:1283 arg1 ratio 1267:1271 a lower ratio 1259:1271 a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70) 1259:1299 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 0 38 theme hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan 36:64 arg1 composites 66:75 hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites 36:75 hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites 36:75 Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications. 26249618 9 39 theme based 1346:1350 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 potential candidates 1382:1401 potential candidates for biomedical applications 1382:1429 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 9 39 theme based 1346:1350 arg1 composites 1362:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 8 40 theme lower 1206:1210 arg1 biodegradation 1212:1225 about 2% lower biodegradation 1197:1225 about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70) 1197:1299 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 0 41 theme tissue 81:86 arg1 applications 100:111 tissue engineering applications 81:111 tissue engineering applications 81:111 Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications. 26249618 8 42 from 28days 1078:1083 arg1 solution 1102:1109 physiological solution 1088:1109 physiological solution 1088:1109 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 7 43 theme HA/β-TCP 1056:1063 arg1 ratio 1065:1069 the HA/β-TCP ratio 1052:1069 the HA/β-TCP ratio 1052:1069 The Young's modulus of the scaffolds was increased from 4kPa to 17kPa and the porosity of composites dropped from 85 to 68% by increasing the HA/β-TCP ratio. 26249618 8 44 theme higher 1149:1154 arg1 ratio 1156:1160 a higher ratio 1147:1160 a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) 1147:1188 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 3 45 from composites 491:500 arg1 20/10/70 507:514 20/10/70 507:514 20/10/70 507:514 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 3 45 from composites 491:500 arg1 ratios 455:460 The ratios 451:460 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites 451:500 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 1 46 theme bone 152:155 arg1 composition 157:167 bone composition 152:167 bone composition 152:167 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 4 47 theme Biodegradation 561:574 arg1 rate 576:579 Biodegradation rate 561:579 Biodegradation rate 561:579 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 8 48 theme composite 1122:1130 arg1 scaffolds 1132:1140 bone-like composite scaffolds 1112:1140 bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) 1112:1188 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 9 49 theme obtained 1306:1313 arg1 data 1315:1318 The obtained data 1302:1318 The obtained data 1302:1318 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 2 50 theme present 255:261 arg1 study 263:267 The present study 251:267 The present study 251:267 The present study reports on a chitosan composite reinforced by hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) obtained from waste mussel shells and cross-linked using tripolyphosphate (TPP). 26249618 6 51 theme chitosan 847:854 arg1 composites 856:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites were developed by freezing and lyophilisation. 26249618 4 52 theme bone-like 636:644 arg1 scaffolds 656:664 the bone-like composite scaffolds 632:664 the bone-like composite scaffolds 632:664 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 8 53 dep 20/10/70 1291:1298 arg1 i.e. 1286:1289 i.e. 1286:1289 i.e. 1286:1289 After 28days in physiological solution, bone-like composite scaffolds with a higher ratio of HA/β-TCP (e.g. 40/30/30) showed about 2% lower biodegradation in comparison to scaffolds with a lower ratio of HA/β-TCP (i.e. 20/10/70). 26249618 1 54 theme interesting 177:187 arg1 possibilities 189:201 interesting possibilities 177:201 interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering 177:248 Calcium phosphate ceramics that mimic bone composition provide interesting possibilities for the advancement in bone tissue engineering. 26249618 9 55 theme potential 1382:1390 arg1 candidates 1392:1401 potential candidates 1382:1401 potential candidates for biomedical applications 1382:1429 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 9 55 theme potential 1382:1390 arg1 composites 1362:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 the chitosan based bone-like composites 1333:1371 The obtained data suggest that the chitosan based bone-like composites could be potential candidates for biomedical applications. 26249618 6 56 link cross-linked 834:845 arg1 composites 856:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites 817:865 Tripolyphosphate cross-linked chitosan composites were developed by freezing and lyophilisation. 26249618 3 57 theme components 477:486 arg1 20/10/70 507:514 20/10/70 507:514 20/10/70 507:514 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 3 57 theme components 477:486 arg1 ratios 455:460 The ratios 451:460 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites 451:500 The ratios of the ceramic components in composites were 20/10/70, 30/20/50 and 40/30/30 (HA/β-TCP/CH, w/w %). 26249618 4 58 theme scaffolds 656:664 arg1 degradation 617:627 in-vitro degradation 608:627 in-vitro degradation 608:627 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 4 58 theme scaffolds 656:664 arg1 rate 576:579 Biodegradation rate 561:579 Biodegradation rate 561:579 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 4 58 theme scaffolds 656:664 arg1 properties 593:602 structural properties 582:602 structural properties 582:602 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 26249618 0 59 theme engineering 88:98 arg1 applications 100:111 tissue engineering applications 81:111 tissue engineering applications 81:111 Development and characterization of hydroxyapatite/β-TCP/chitosan composites for tissue engineering applications. 26249618 7 60 theme composites 1004:1013 arg1 porosity 992:999 the porosity 988:999 the porosity of composites 988:1013 The Young's modulus of the scaffolds was increased from 4kPa to 17kPa and the porosity of composites dropped from 85 to 68% by increasing the HA/β-TCP ratio. 26249618 4 61 theme composite 646:654 arg1 scaffolds 656:664 the bone-like composite scaffolds 632:664 the bone-like composite scaffolds 632:664 Biodegradation rate, structural properties and in-vitro degradation of the bone-like composite scaffolds were investigated. 28024536 1 0 theme nanocelluose 168:179 arg1 hydrogels 181:189 nanocelluose hydrogels 168:189 nanocelluose hydrogels 168:189 We describe the nanocomposite membrane for cell encapsulation using nanocelluose hydrogels. 28024536 0 1 theme cell 80:83 arg1 encapsulation 85:97 cell encapsulation 80:97 cell encapsulation 80:97 Nanocellulose based asymmetric composite membrane for the multiple functions in cell encapsulation. 28024536 5 2 theme superior 909:916 arg1 property 929:936 a superior mechanical property 907:936 a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes 907:997 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 3 3 theme membrane 503:510 arg1 morphology 475:484 The morphology 471:484 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane 471:510 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 3 4 theme electron 537:544 arg1 microscopy 546:555 scanning electron microscopy 528:555 scanning electron microscopy 528:555 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 2 5 theme cell 286:289 arg1 adhesion 291:298 cell adhesion 286:298 cell adhesion 286:298 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 4 6 theme small 727:731 arg1 molecules 733:741 small molecules 727:741 small molecules 727:741 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 2 7 theme pellicles 332:340 arg1 side 317:320 the opposite side 304:320 the opposite side of the BC pellicles 304:340 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 4 8 theme IgG 786:788 arg1 antibodies 790:799 IgG antibodies 786:799 IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation 786:848 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 7 9 theme encapsulation 1308:1320 arg1 material 1322:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 7 9 theme encapsulation 1308:1320 arg1 membrane 1273:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 6 10 theme cell 1093:1096 arg1 viability 1098:1106 cell viability 1093:1106 cell viability 1093:1106 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 7 11 theme BC 1151:1152 arg1 kit 1173:1175 the BC composite membrane kit 1147:1175 the BC composite membrane kit 1147:1175 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 3 12 theme scanning 528:535 arg1 microscopy 546:555 scanning electron microscopy 528:555 scanning electron microscopy 528:555 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 6 13 theme viability 1098:1106 arg1 level 1084:1088 a high level 1077:1088 a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity 1077:1129 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 6 13 theme viability 1098:1106 arg1 bioactivity 1119:1129 bioactivity 1119:1129 a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity 1077:1129 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 2 14 theme transplanted 378:389 arg1 cells 391:395 transplanted cells 378:395 transplanted cells 378:395 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 7 15 theme composite 1263:1271 arg1 material 1322:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 7 15 theme composite 1263:1271 arg1 membrane 1273:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 5 16 theme nanocomposite 877:889 arg1 membrane 891:898 the BC-based nanocomposite membrane 864:898 the BC-based nanocomposite membrane 864:898 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 2 17 theme pore 434:437 arg1 size 439:442 the reduced pore size 422:442 the reduced pore size of the composite membrane 422:468 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 3 18 theme polymer 665:671 arg1 solution 673:680 polymer solution 665:680 polymer solution 665:680 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 2 19 theme opposite 308:315 arg1 side 317:320 the opposite side 304:320 the opposite side of the BC pellicles 304:340 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 6 20 theme high 1079:1082 arg1 level 1084:1088 a high level 1077:1088 a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity 1077:1129 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 0 21 theme composite 31:39 arg1 membrane 41:48 asymmetric composite membrane 20:48 asymmetric composite membrane 20:48 Nanocellulose based asymmetric composite membrane for the multiple functions in cell encapsulation. 28024536 4 22 theme cell 832:835 arg1 implantation 837:848 cell implantation 832:848 cell implantation 832:848 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 4 23 theme large 762:766 arg1 antibodies 790:799 IgG antibodies 786:799 IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation 786:848 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 4 23 theme large 762:766 arg1 molecules 768:776 large molecules 762:776 large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation 762:848 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 7 24 theme promising 1293:1301 arg1 material 1322:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 7 24 theme promising 1293:1301 arg1 membrane 1273:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 0 25 theme asymmetric 20:29 arg1 membrane 41:48 asymmetric composite membrane 20:48 asymmetric composite membrane 20:48 Nanocellulose based asymmetric composite membrane for the multiple functions in cell encapsulation. 28024536 3 26 theme molecular 644:652 arg1 weights 654:660 different molecular weights 634:660 different molecular weights of polymer solution 634:680 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 5 27 theme mechanical 918:927 arg1 property 929:936 a superior mechanical property 907:936 a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes 907:997 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 7 28 theme cell 1303:1306 arg1 material 1322:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 7 28 theme cell 1303:1306 arg1 membrane 1273:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 2 29 theme membrane 461:468 arg1 size 439:442 the reduced pore size 422:442 the reduced pore size of the composite membrane 422:468 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 6 30 theme membranes 1062:1070 arg1 surface 1038:1044 the surface 1034:1044 the surface of BC composite membranes 1034:1070 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 2 31 theme pellicles 240:248 arg1 surfaces 203:210 the surfaces 199:210 the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 199:248 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 2 32 theme immune 402:407 arg1 rejection 409:417 immune rejection 402:417 immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane 402:468 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 2 33 theme composite 451:459 arg1 membrane 461:468 the composite membrane 447:468 the composite membrane 447:468 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 7 34 theme composite 1154:1162 arg1 kit 1173:1175 the BC composite membrane kit 1147:1175 the BC composite membrane kit 1147:1175 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 2 35 theme reduced 426:432 arg1 size 439:442 the reduced pore size 422:442 the reduced pore size of the composite membrane 422:468 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 6 36 theme composite 1052:1060 arg1 membranes 1062:1070 BC composite membranes 1049:1070 BC composite membranes 1049:1070 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 0 37 theme multiple 58:65 arg1 functions 67:75 the multiple functions 54:75 the multiple functions in cell encapsulation 54:97 Nanocellulose based asymmetric composite membrane for the multiple functions in cell encapsulation. 28024536 3 38 theme nanocomposite 489:501 arg1 membrane 503:510 nanocomposite membrane 489:510 nanocomposite membrane 489:510 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 0 39 from functions 67:75 arg1 encapsulation 85:97 cell encapsulation 80:97 cell encapsulation 80:97 Nanocellulose based asymmetric composite membrane for the multiple functions in cell encapsulation. 28024536 2 40 theme BC 236:237 arg1 pellicles 240:248 bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 215:248 bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 215:248 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 1 41 theme nanocomposite 116:128 arg1 membrane 130:137 the nanocomposite membrane 112:137 the nanocomposite membrane for cell encapsulation using nanocelluose hydrogels 112:189 We describe the nanocomposite membrane for cell encapsulation using nanocelluose hydrogels. 28024536 2 42 theme cellulose 225:233 arg1 pellicles 240:248 bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 215:248 bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 215:248 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 3 43 theme membrane 585:592 arg1 permeability 565:576 the permeability 561:576 the permeability of the membrane 561:592 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 5 44 theme due 938:940 arg1 property 929:936 a superior mechanical property 907:936 a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes 907:997 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 7 45 theme membrane 1164:1171 arg1 kit 1173:1175 the BC composite membrane kit 1147:1175 the BC composite membrane kit 1147:1175 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 2 46 theme bacterial 215:223 arg1 pellicles 240:248 bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 215:248 bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 215:248 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 3 47 theme release 615:621 arg1 test 623:626 the release test 611:626 the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution 611:680 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 4 48 from use 825:827 arg1 implantation 837:848 cell implantation 832:848 cell implantation 832:848 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 3 49 theme different 634:642 arg1 weights 654:660 different molecular weights 634:660 different molecular weights of polymer solution 634:680 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 28024536 5 50 theme compared 966:973 arg1 incorporation 949:961 the incorporation 945:961 the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes 945:997 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 6 51 theme BC 1049:1050 arg1 membranes 1062:1070 BC composite membranes 1049:1070 BC composite membranes 1049:1070 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 6 52 attach attached 1010:1017 arg2 cells 1004:1008 The cells 1000:1008 The cells 1000:1008 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 6 52 attach attached 1010:1017 arg1 surface 1038:1044 the surface 1034:1044 the surface of BC composite membranes 1034:1070 The cells attached efficiently to the surface of BC composite membranes with a high level of cell viability as well as bioactivity. 28024536 5 53 theme alginate 980:987 arg1 membranes 989:997 alginate membranes 980:997 alginate membranes 980:997 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 1 54 theme cell 143:146 arg1 encapsulation 148:160 cell encapsulation 143:160 cell encapsulation using nanocelluose hydrogels 143:189 We describe the nanocomposite membrane for cell encapsulation using nanocelluose hydrogels. 28024536 7 55 theme BC 1260:1261 arg1 material 1322:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 a promising cell encapsulation material 1291:1329 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 7 55 theme BC 1260:1261 arg1 membrane 1273:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 the BC composite membrane 1256:1280 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 2 56 theme surfaces 203:210 arg1 One 192:194 One 192:194 One 192:194 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 2 56 theme surfaces 203:210 arg1 surfaces 203:210 the surfaces 199:210 the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles 199:248 One of the surfaces of bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles was coated with collagen to enhance cell adhesion and the opposite side of the BC pellicles was coated with alginate to protect transplanted cells from immune rejection by the reduced pore size of the composite membrane. 28024536 4 57 theme potential 815:823 arg1 use 825:827 the potential use 811:827 the potential use in cell implantation 811:848 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 7 58 from material 1322:1329 arg1 implantation 1334:1345 implantation 1334:1345 implantation 1334:1345 Cells grown on the BC composite membrane kit released dopamine freely to the medium through the membrane, which showed that the BC composite membrane would be a promising cell encapsulation material in implantation. 28024536 4 59 theme nanocomposite 687:699 arg1 membrane 701:708 The nanocomposite membrane 683:708 The nanocomposite membrane 683:708 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 4 59 theme nanocomposite 687:699 arg1 permeable 714:722 permeable 714:722 permeable 714:722 The nanocomposite membrane was permeable to small molecules but impermeable to large molecules such as IgG antibodies inferring the potential use in cell implantation. 28024536 5 60 theme BC-based 868:875 arg1 membrane 891:898 the BC-based nanocomposite membrane 864:898 the BC-based nanocomposite membrane 864:898 In addition, the BC-based nanocomposite membrane showed a superior mechanical property due to the incorporation of compared with alginate membranes. 28024536 3 61 theme solution 673:680 arg1 weights 654:660 different molecular weights 634:660 different molecular weights of polymer solution 634:680 The morphology of nanocomposite membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the permeability of the membrane was estimated by the release test using different molecular weights of polymer solution. 26480961 9 0 theme Calu-3 903:908 arg1 cells 910:914 Calu-3 cells 903:914 Calu-3 cells 903:914 MTT studies showed that nanoparticle composites were less toxic to Calu-3 cells than the particles of cationic polymers alone. 26480961 3 1 theme TMC-CMP 495:501 arg1 combination 503:513 TMC-CMP combination 495:513 TMC-CMP combination 495:513 A mass ratio of 2:1 for TMC-CMP combination produced stable nanocarriers. 26480961 0 2 theme chitosan-pullulan 15:31 arg1 nanoparticles 43:55 chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles 15:55 chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles 15:55 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 4 3 theme mass 590:593 arg1 ratio 595:599 a mass ratio 588:599 a mass ratio of 3:1 588:606 For CCl-CMP and CG-CMP formulations needed a mass ratio of 3:1. 26480961 1 4 theme promising 180:188 arg1 results 190:196 promising results 180:196 promising results 180:196 Nasal immunisation with nanoparticles has already shown promising results. 26480961 0 5 theme cellular 106:113 arg1 studies 115:121 cellular studies 106:121 cellular studies 106:121 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 10 6 theme confocal 1053:1060 arg1 microscopy 1062:1071 confocal microscopy 1053:1071 confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination 1053:1165 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 2 7 theme polycation 330:339 arg1 TMC 372:374 TMC 372:374 TMC 372:374 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 7 theme polycation 330:339 arg1 chloride 362:369 polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride 330:369 polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) 330:375 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 10 8 theme novel 1109:1113 arg1 carriers 1131:1138 these novel nanoparticulate carriers 1103:1138 these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use 1103:1143 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 5 9 theme Loading 609:615 arg1 efficiency 617:626 Loading efficiency 609:626 Loading efficiency 609:626 Loading efficiency was >90% for all formulations. 26480961 8 10 theme SDS-PAGE 773:780 arg1 integrity 782:790 SDS-PAGE integrity 773:790 SDS-PAGE integrity of the model antigen 773:811 SDS-PAGE integrity of the model antigen was also demonstrated. 26480961 1 11 theme Nasal 124:128 arg1 immunisation 130:141 Nasal immunisation 124:141 Nasal immunisation with nanoparticles 124:160 Nasal immunisation with nanoparticles has already shown promising results. 26480961 7 12 theme surface 710:716 arg1 charge 718:723 The surface charge 706:723 The surface charge of the complexes 706:740 The surface charge of the complexes varied between +14 and +33 mV. 26480961 2 13 theme interaction 302:312 arg1 process 314:320 electrostatic interaction process 288:320 electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) 288:468 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 3 14 theme 2:1 487:489 arg1 ratio 478:482 A mass ratio 471:482 A mass ratio of 2:1 for TMC-CMP combination 471:513 A mass ratio of 2:1 for TMC-CMP combination produced stable nanocarriers. 26480961 9 15 theme cationic 938:945 arg1 polymers 947:954 cationic polymers 938:954 cationic polymers alone 938:960 MTT studies showed that nanoparticle composites were less toxic to Calu-3 cells than the particles of cationic polymers alone. 26480961 2 16 theme chitosan 403:410 arg1 chloride 412:419 chitosan chloride 403:419 chitosan chloride (CCl) 403:425 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 16 theme chitosan 403:410 arg1 CCl 422:424 CCl 422:424 CCl 422:424 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 9 17 theme polymers 947:954 arg1 particles 925:933 the particles 921:933 the particles of cationic polymers alone 921:960 MTT studies showed that nanoparticle composites were less toxic to Calu-3 cells than the particles of cationic polymers alone. 26480961 1 18 with immunisation 130:141 arg1 nanoparticles 148:160 nanoparticles 148:160 nanoparticles 148:160 Nasal immunisation with nanoparticles has already shown promising results. 26480961 10 19 dep nanoparticles 979:991 arg1 taken 1005:1009 taken 1005:1009 nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination 979:1165 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 0 20 theme composite 33:41 arg1 nanoparticles 43:55 chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles 15:55 chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles 15:55 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 9 21 theme MTT 836:838 arg1 studies 840:846 MTT studies 836:846 MTT studies 836:846 MTT studies showed that nanoparticle composites were less toxic to Calu-3 cells than the particles of cationic polymers alone. 26480961 2 22 theme chitosan 353:360 arg1 TMC 372:374 TMC 372:374 TMC 372:374 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 22 theme chitosan 353:360 arg1 chloride 362:369 polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride 330:369 polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) 330:375 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 23 theme polyanion 431:439 arg1 CMP 465:467 CMP 465:467 CMP 465:467 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 23 theme polyanion 431:439 arg1 pullulan 455:462 polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan 431:462 polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) 431:468 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 24 theme carboxymethyl 441:453 arg1 CMP 465:467 CMP 465:467 CMP 465:467 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 24 theme carboxymethyl 441:453 arg1 pullulan 455:462 polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan 431:462 polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) 431:468 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 10 25 theme carriers 1131:1138 arg1 potential 1090:1098 the potential 1086:1098 the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination 1086:1165 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 10 26 theme J774A.1 1017:1023 arg1 macrophages 1025:1035 J774A.1 macrophages 1017:1035 J774A.1 macrophages 1017:1035 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 2 27 theme N-trimethyl 341:351 arg1 TMC 372:374 TMC 372:374 TMC 372:374 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 27 theme N-trimethyl 341:351 arg1 chloride 362:369 polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride 330:369 polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) 330:375 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 3 28 theme mass 473:476 arg1 ratio 478:482 A mass ratio 471:482 A mass ratio of 2:1 for TMC-CMP combination 471:513 A mass ratio of 2:1 for TMC-CMP combination produced stable nanocarriers. 26480961 10 29 theme nanoparticulate 1115:1129 arg1 carriers 1131:1138 these novel nanoparticulate carriers 1103:1138 these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use 1103:1143 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 2 30 theme nasal 255:259 arg1 vaccination 261:271 nasal vaccination 255:271 nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) 255:468 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 0 31 theme nanoparticles 43:55 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 0:122 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 7 32 theme +33 765:767 arg1 mV 769:770 +14 and +33 mV 757:770 mV 769:770 The surface charge of the complexes varied between +14 and +33 mV. 26480961 9 33 theme nanoparticle 860:871 arg1 composites 873:882 nanoparticle composites 860:882 nanoparticle composites 860:882 MTT studies showed that nanoparticle composites were less toxic to Calu-3 cells than the particles of cationic polymers alone. 26480961 2 34 theme chitosan 378:385 arg1 CG 398:399 CG 398:399 CG 398:399 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 34 theme chitosan 378:385 arg1 glutamate 387:395 chitosan glutamate 378:395 chitosan glutamate (CG) 378:400 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 0 35 theme nasal 61:65 arg1 delivery 67:74 nasal delivery 61:74 nasal delivery of vaccines 61:86 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 10 36 theme nasal 1149:1153 arg1 vaccination 1155:1165 nasal vaccination 1149:1165 nasal vaccination 1149:1165 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 10 37 dep carriers 1131:1138 arg1 use 1141:1143 use 1141:1143 these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use 1103:1143 FITC-BSA loaded nanoparticles efficiently taken up by J774A.1 macrophages as confirmed by confocal microscopy highlighting the potential of these novel nanoparticulate carriers' use for nasal vaccination. 26480961 7 38 theme +14 757:759 arg1 mV 769:770 +14 and +33 mV 757:770 mV 769:770 The surface charge of the complexes varied between +14 and +33 mV. 26480961 2 39 theme nanoparticle 214:225 arg1 composites 227:236 nanoparticle composites 214:236 nanoparticle composites 214:236 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 2 40 theme electrostatic 288:300 arg1 process 314:320 electrostatic interaction process 288:320 electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) 288:468 In this study, nanoparticle composites carrying BSA for nasal vaccination prepared using electrostatic interaction process between polycation N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), chitosan glutamate (CG), chitosan chloride (CCl) and polyanion carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP). 26480961 7 41 theme complexes 732:740 arg1 charge 718:723 The surface charge 706:723 The surface charge of the complexes 706:740 The surface charge of the complexes varied between +14 and +33 mV. 26480961 8 42 theme antigen 805:811 arg1 integrity 782:790 SDS-PAGE integrity 773:790 SDS-PAGE integrity of the model antigen 773:811 SDS-PAGE integrity of the model antigen was also demonstrated. 26480961 4 43 theme 3:1 604:606 arg1 ratio 595:599 a mass ratio 588:599 a mass ratio of 3:1 588:606 For CCl-CMP and CG-CMP formulations needed a mass ratio of 3:1. 26480961 0 44 theme vaccines 79:86 arg1 delivery 67:74 nasal delivery 61:74 nasal delivery of vaccines 61:86 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 8 45 theme model 799:803 arg1 antigen 805:811 the model antigen 795:811 the model antigen 795:811 SDS-PAGE integrity of the model antigen was also demonstrated. 26480961 4 46 dep CCl-CMP 549:555 arg1 formulations 568:579 formulations 568:579 formulations 568:579 For CCl-CMP and CG-CMP formulations needed a mass ratio of 3:1. 26480961 0 47 dep Development 0:10 arg1 optimisation 89:100 optimisation 89:100 optimisation 89:100 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 0 47 dep Development 0:10 arg1 studies 115:121 cellular studies 106:121 cellular studies 106:121 Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. 26480961 3 48 theme stable 524:529 arg1 nanocarriers 531:542 stable nanocarriers 524:542 stable nanocarriers 524:542 A mass ratio of 2:1 for TMC-CMP combination produced stable nanocarriers. 27842817 11 0 theme acetyl 2235:2240 arg1 quantification 2242:2255 acetyl quantification 2235:2255 acetyl quantification 2235:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 12 1 from structure 2280:2288 arg1 straw 2325:2329 straw 2325:2329 straw 2325:2329 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 12 1 from structure 2280:2288 arg1 bagasse 2313:2319 sugarcane bagasse 2303:2319 sugarcane bagasse 2303:2319 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 6 2 from degree 1172:1177 arg1 GAX 1110:1112 GAX 1110:1112 GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively) 1110:1222 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 10 3 theme different 1944:1952 arg1 Araf 1954:1957 the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1940:1990 Araf 1954:1957 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 10 4 theme molar 1819:1823 arg1 distributions 1830:1842 the molar mass distributions 1815:1842 the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1815:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 6 5 theme acetylation 1182:1192 arg1 degree 1172:1177 a higher degree 1163:1177 a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively) 1163:1222 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 2 6 theme products 301:308 arg1 generation 253:262 the generation 249:262 the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products 249:308 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 1 7 theme production 194:203 arg1 by-products 163:173 by-products 163:173 by-products of agro-industrial production 163:203 Sugarcane bagasse and straw are generated in large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production. 27842817 10 8 theme substitution 1970:1981 arg1 patterns 1983:1990 the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1940:1990 patterns 1983:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 3 9 theme sulfoxide 577:585 arg1 extraction 594:603 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction 568:603 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction 568:603 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 8 10 theme size-exclusion 1587:1600 arg1 SEC-DRI-MALLS 1618:1630 SEC-DRI-MALLS 1618:1630 SEC-DRI-MALLS 1618:1630 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 8 10 theme size-exclusion 1587:1600 arg1 chromatography 1602:1615 multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography 1568:1615 multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS) 1568:1631 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 6 11 theme Bagasse 976:982 arg1 GAX 984:986 Bagasse GAX 976:986 Bagasse GAX 976:986 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 11 12 theme glycosidic 2182:2191 arg1 analysis 2201:2208 glycosidic linkage analysis 2182:2208 glycosidic linkage analysis 2182:2208 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 6 13 dep straw 1119:1123 arg1 respectively 1144:1155 respectively 1144:1155 respectively 1144:1155 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 0 14 from straw 94:98 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 0 14 from straw 94:98 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 6 15 theme higher 1165:1170 arg1 degree 1172:1177 a higher degree 1163:1177 a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively) 1163:1222 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 7 16 dep bagasse 1362:1368 arg1 GAX 1380:1382 GAX 1380:1382 GAX 1380:1382 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 10 17 theme isolation 1860:1868 arg1 methods 1870:1876 the two isolation methods 1852:1876 the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1852:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 10 18 theme sugarcane 1896:1904 arg1 GAX 1906:1908 sugarcane GAX 1896:1908 sugarcane GAX 1896:1908 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 12 19 from xylans 2293:2298 arg1 straw 2325:2329 straw 2325:2329 straw 2325:2329 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 12 19 from xylans 2293:2298 arg1 bagasse 2313:2319 sugarcane bagasse 2303:2319 sugarcane bagasse 2303:2319 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 2 20 theme materials 287:295 arg1 generation 253:262 the generation 249:262 the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products 249:308 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 1 21 theme large 146:150 arg1 volumes 152:158 large volumes 146:158 large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production 146:203 Sugarcane bagasse and straw are generated in large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production. 27842817 6 22 theme molar 1031:1035 arg1 ratio 1037:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio 992:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 992:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 11 23 theme sugarcane 2091:2099 arg1 bagasse 2101:2107 sugarcane bagasse 2091:2107 sugarcane bagasse 2091:2107 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 7 24 theme groups 1254:1259 arg1 frequency 1234:1242 A higher frequency 1225:1242 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) 1225:1337 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 12 25 theme high-value 2515:2524 arg1 applications 2526:2537 high-value applications 2515:2537 high-value applications 2515:2537 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 4 26 theme sodium 684:689 arg1 delignification 709:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification 672:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses 672:764 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 6 27 theme glycosyl 1009:1016 arg1 ratio 1037:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio 992:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 992:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 1 28 dep Sugarcane 101:109 arg1 bagasse 111:117 bagasse 111:117 bagasse 111:117 Sugarcane bagasse and straw are generated in large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production. 27842817 1 28 dep Sugarcane 101:109 arg1 straw 123:127 straw 123:127 straw 123:127 Sugarcane bagasse and straw are generated in large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production. 27842817 5 29 theme acetylated 899:908 arg1 heteroxylans 840:851 the heteroxylans 836:851 the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw 836:893 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 5 29 theme acetylated 899:908 arg1 GAX 934:936 GAX 934:936 GAX 934:936 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 5 29 theme acetylated 899:908 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylans 910:931 acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans 899:931 acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX) 899:937 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 7 30 theme diacetylation 1407:1419 arg1 ratio 1398:1402 a minor ratio 1390:1402 a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac) 1390:1431 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 9 31 theme scattering 1640:1649 arg1 data 1651:1654 Light scattering data 1634:1654 Light scattering data 1634:1654 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 12 32 dep provide 2336:2342 arg1 create 2456:2461 create 2456:2461 create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials 2456:2583 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 12 33 theme xylan 2506:2510 arg1 use 2489:2491 the use 2485:2491 the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications 2485:2537 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 11 34 theme acetylated 2061:2070 arg1 GAX 2072:2074 acetylated GAX 2061:2074 acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2061:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 7 35 theme acetyl 1247:1252 arg1 groups 1254:1259 acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) 1247:1302 acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) 1247:1302 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 9 36 theme molar 1674:1678 arg1 values 1685:1690 absolute molar mass values 1665:1690 absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration 1665:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 5 37 with glucuronoarabinoxylans 910:931 arg1 structures 964:973 distinct molecular structures 945:973 distinct molecular structures 945:973 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 11 38 theme molecular 2038:2046 arg1 structure 2048:2056 the molecular structure 2034:2056 the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2034:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 6 39 contain had 988:990 arg2 ratio 1037:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio 992:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 992:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 6 39 contain had 988:990 arg1 GAX 984:986 Bagasse GAX 976:986 Bagasse GAX 976:986 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 3 40 theme 20 429:430 arg1 % 431:431 % 431:431 % 431:431 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 12 41 theme biopolymers 2427:2437 arg1 relationship 2405:2416 the isolation-structure-properties relationship 2370:2416 the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers 2370:2437 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 2 42 dep twice 370:374 arg1 hardwoods 390:398 hardwoods 390:398 hardwoods 390:398 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 2 42 dep twice 370:374 arg1 as 376:377 as 376:377 as 376:377 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 5 43 theme molecular 954:962 arg1 structures 964:973 distinct molecular structures 945:973 distinct molecular structures 945:973 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 9 44 theme acetylated 1696:1705 arg1 GAX 1707:1709 acetylated GAX 1696:1709 acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration 1696:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 3 45 theme xylose 442:447 arg1 content 449:455 xylose content 442:455 xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw 442:486 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 0 46 theme acetylated 34:43 arg1 glucuronoarabinoxylan 45:65 acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan 34:65 acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan 34:65 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 2 47 contain contain 322:328 arg1 they 317:320 they 317:320 they 317:320 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 2 47 contain contain 322:328 arg2 quantities 342:351 significant quantities 330:351 significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods) 330:399 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 11 48 theme GAX 2072:2074 arg1 structure 2048:2056 the molecular structure 2034:2056 the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2034:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 12 49 theme xylans 2293:2298 arg1 structure 2280:2288 the structure 2276:2288 the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw 2276:2329 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 3 50 from content 449:455 arg1 straw 482:486 straw 482:486 straw 482:486 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 3 50 from content 449:455 arg1 bagasse 470:476 sugarcane bagasse 460:476 sugarcane bagasse 460:476 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 9 51 theme average 1723:1729 arg1 values 1731:1736 higher average values 1716:1736 higher average values than did standard calibration 1716:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 12 52 theme sugarcane 2303:2311 arg1 bagasse 2313:2319 sugarcane bagasse 2303:2319 sugarcane bagasse 2303:2319 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 2 53 theme emerging 218:225 arg1 resource 236:243 an emerging valuable resource 215:243 an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products 215:308 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 2 53 theme emerging 218:225 arg1 They 206:209 They 206:209 They 206:209 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 4 54 theme extraction 787:796 arg1 yields 798:803 higher extraction yields 780:803 higher extraction yields 780:803 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 8 55 theme acetylated 1486:1495 arg1 GAX 1497:1499 the acetylated GAX 1482:1499 the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw 1482:1546 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 9 56 with GAX 1707:1709 arg1 values 1731:1736 higher average values 1716:1736 higher average values than did standard calibration 1716:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 11 57 theme linkage 2193:2199 arg1 analysis 2201:2208 glycosidic linkage analysis 2182:2208 glycosidic linkage analysis 2182:2208 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 6 58 theme 4-O-Me 1076:1081 arg1 GlpA 1083:1086 (4-O-Me)GlpA 1075:1086 (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 1075:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 9 59 theme standard 1747:1754 arg1 calibration 1756:1766 standard calibration 1747:1766 standard calibration 1747:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 12 60 theme structure 2280:2288 arg1 knowledge 2263:2271 This knowledge 2258:2271 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw 2258:2329 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 6 61 dep acetylation 1182:1192 arg1 0.10 1204:1207 0.10 1204:1207 0.10 1204:1207 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 6 61 dep acetylation 1182:1192 arg1 0.33 1195:1198 0.33 1195:1198 0.33 1195:1198 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 11 62 theme NMR 2214:2216 arg1 spectroscopy 2218:2229 1H NMR spectroscopy 2211:2229 1H NMR spectroscopy 2211:2229 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 8 63 theme weight 1457:1462 arg1 distributions 1464:1476 The size and molecular weight distributions 1434:1476 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw 1434:1546 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 3 64 theme mild 535:538 arg1 delignification 540:554 mild delignification 535:554 mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction 535:603 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 12 65 theme isolation-structure-properties 2374:2403 arg1 relationship 2405:2416 the isolation-structure-properties relationship 2370:2416 the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers 2370:2437 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 12 66 theme relationship 2405:2416 arg1 understanding 2353:2365 a better understanding 2344:2365 a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers 2344:2437 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 1 67 theme agro-industrial 178:192 arg1 production 194:203 agro-industrial production 178:203 agro-industrial production 178:203 Sugarcane bagasse and straw are generated in large volumes as by-products of agro-industrial production. 27842817 11 68 theme empirical 2014:2022 arg1 model 2024:2028 an empirical model 2011:2028 an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2011:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 3 69 theme dimethyl 568:575 arg1 DMSO 588:591 DMSO 588:591 DMSO 588:591 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 3 69 theme dimethyl 568:575 arg1 sulfoxide 577:585 dimethyl sulfoxide 568:585 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction 568:603 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 5 70 theme sugarcane 867:875 arg1 bagasse 877:883 sugarcane bagasse 867:883 sugarcane bagasse 867:883 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 12 71 theme better 2346:2351 arg1 understanding 2353:2365 a better understanding 2344:2365 a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers 2344:2437 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 2 72 theme significant 330:340 arg1 quantities 342:351 significant quantities 330:351 significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods) 330:399 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 8 73 theme multiple-detection 1568:1585 arg1 SEC-DRI-MALLS 1618:1630 SEC-DRI-MALLS 1618:1630 SEC-DRI-MALLS 1618:1630 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 8 73 theme multiple-detection 1568:1585 arg1 chromatography 1602:1615 multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography 1568:1615 multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS) 1568:1631 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 7 74 dep groups 1254:1259 arg1 1→3 1289:1291 1→3 1289:1291 1→3 1289:1291 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 7 74 dep groups 1254:1259 arg1 substitution 1261:1272 substitution 1261:1272 acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) 1247:1302 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 7 74 dep groups 1254:1259 arg1 Xyl-3Ac 1295:1301 Xyl-3Ac 1295:1301 Xyl-3Ac 1295:1301 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 11 75 theme results 2160:2166 arg1 integration 2145:2155 the integration 2141:2155 the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2141:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 10 76 theme mass 1825:1828 arg1 distributions 1830:1842 the molar mass distributions 1815:1842 the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1815:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 12 77 from straw 2325:2329 arg1 structure 2280:2288 the structure 2276:2288 the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw 2276:2329 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 10 78 from differences 1800:1810 arg1 distributions 1830:1842 the molar mass distributions 1815:1842 the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1815:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 11 79 with straw 2113:2117 arg1 PAA/DMSO 2124:2131 PAA/DMSO 2124:2131 PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2124:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 12 80 from bagasse 2313:2319 arg1 structure 2280:2288 the structure 2276:2288 the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw 2276:2329 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 4 81 with Delignification 606:620 arg1 PAA 643:645 PAA 643:645 PAA 643:645 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 4 81 with Delignification 606:620 arg1 acid 637:640 peracetic acid 627:640 peracetic acid (PAA) 627:646 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 12 82 theme bio-based 2565:2573 arg1 materials 2575:2583 bio-based materials 2565:2583 bio-based materials 2565:2583 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 4 83 theme NaClO2 701:706 arg1 delignification 709:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification 672:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses 672:764 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 6 84 dep respectively 1144:1155 arg1 0.1:10 1137:1142 0.1:10 1137:1142 0.1:10 1137:1142 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 6 84 dep respectively 1144:1155 arg1 0.8:10 1126:1131 0.8:10 1126:1131 0.8:10 1126:1131 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 2 85 theme hemicellulose-based 267:285 arg1 materials 287:295 hemicellulose-based materials 267:295 hemicellulose-based materials 267:295 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 12 86 from use 2489:2491 arg1 applications 2526:2537 high-value applications 2515:2537 high-value applications 2515:2537 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 6 87 theme substitution 1018:1029 arg1 ratio 1037:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio 992:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 992:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 11 88 with bagasse 2101:2107 arg1 PAA/DMSO 2124:2131 PAA/DMSO 2124:2131 PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification 2124:2255 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 4 89 theme traditional 672:682 arg1 delignification 709:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification 672:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses 672:764 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 7 90 from position 1312:1319 arg1 frequency 1234:1242 A higher frequency 1225:1242 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) 1225:1337 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 6 91 theme lower 1003:1007 arg1 ratio 1037:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio 992:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 992:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 9 92 theme Light 1634:1638 arg1 data 1651:1654 Light scattering data 1634:1654 Light scattering data 1634:1654 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 12 93 theme sugarcane 2496:2504 arg1 xylan 2506:2510 sugarcane xylan 2496:2510 sugarcane xylan 2496:2510 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 4 94 theme chlorite 691:698 arg1 delignification 709:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification 672:723 traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses 672:764 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 6 95 dep GlpA 1083:1086 arg1 to 1088:1089 to 1088:1089 to 1088:1089 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 6 95 dep GlpA 1083:1086 arg1 Xylp 1091:1094 Xylp (0.1:10) 1091:1103 (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 1075:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 9 96 dep did 1743:1745 arg1 than 1738:1741 than 1738:1741 than 1738:1741 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 7 97 theme minor 1392:1396 arg1 ratio 1398:1402 a minor ratio 1390:1402 a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac) 1390:1431 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 0 98 from sugarcane 72:80 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 0 98 from sugarcane 72:80 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 3 99 dep Heteroxylans 402:413 arg1 yields 416:421 yields 416:421 yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw 416:486 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 6 100 from straw 1119:1123 arg1 GAX 1110:1112 GAX 1110:1112 GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively) 1110:1222 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 10 101 theme GAX 1906:1908 arg1 types 1887:1891 both types 1882:1891 both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1882:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 4 102 from biomasses 756:764 arg1 extraction 735:744 xylan extraction 729:744 xylan extraction from both biomasses 729:764 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 12 103 theme new 2463:2465 arg1 biochemicals 2548:2559 biochemicals 2548:2559 biochemicals 2548:2559 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 12 103 theme new 2463:2465 arg1 possibilities 2467:2479 new possibilities 2463:2479 new possibilities 2463:2479 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 12 103 theme new 2463:2465 arg1 materials 2575:2583 bio-based materials 2565:2583 bio-based materials 2565:2583 This knowledge of the structure of xylans in sugarcane bagasse and straw will provide a better understanding of the isolation-structure-properties relationship of these biopolymers and, ultimately, create new possibilities for the use of sugarcane xylan in high-value applications, such as biochemicals and bio-based materials. 27842817 9 104 theme absolute 1665:1672 arg1 values 1685:1690 absolute molar mass values 1665:1690 absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration 1665:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 2 105 dep as 384:385 arg1 in 387:388 in 387:388 in 387:388 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 7 106 from position 1277:1284 arg1 1→3 1289:1291 1→3 1289:1291 1→3 1289:1291 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 7 106 from position 1277:1284 arg1 substitution 1261:1272 substitution 1261:1272 acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) 1247:1302 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 7 106 from position 1277:1284 arg1 Xyl-3Ac 1295:1301 Xyl-3Ac 1295:1301 Xyl-3Ac 1295:1301 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 7 107 theme higher 1227:1232 arg1 frequency 1234:1242 A higher frequency 1225:1242 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) 1225:1337 A higher frequency of acetyl groups substitution at position α-(1→3) (Xyl-3Ac) than at position α-(1→2) (Xyl-2Ac) was confirmed for both bagasse and straw GAX, with a minor ratio of diacetylation (Xyl-2,3Ac). 27842817 9 108 theme mass 1680:1683 arg1 values 1685:1690 absolute molar mass values 1665:1690 absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration 1665:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 4 109 theme xylan 729:733 arg1 extraction 735:744 xylan extraction 729:744 xylan extraction from both biomasses 729:764 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 3 110 theme % 431:431 arg1 ca 426:427 ca 426:427 ca 20% 426:431 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 9 111 dep values 1731:1736 arg1 did 1743:1745 did 1743:1745 did 1743:1745 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 5 112 theme distinct 945:952 arg1 structures 964:973 distinct molecular structures 945:973 distinct molecular structures 945:973 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 6 113 dep 0.5:10 1063:1068 arg1 GlpA 1083:1086 (4-O-Me)GlpA 1075:1086 (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 1075:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 3 114 theme sugarcane 460:468 arg1 bagasse 470:476 sugarcane bagasse 460:476 sugarcane bagasse 460:476 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 0 115 theme glucuronoarabinoxylan 45:65 arg1 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 characterization 14:29 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 0 115 theme glucuronoarabinoxylan 45:65 arg1 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation 0:8 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 5 116 attach isolated 853:860 arg2 glucuronoarabinoxylans 910:931 acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans 899:931 acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX) 899:937 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 5 116 attach isolated 853:860 arg2 heteroxylans 840:851 the heteroxylans 836:851 the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw 836:893 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 5 116 attach isolated 853:860 arg1 straw 889:893 straw 889:893 straw 889:893 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 5 116 attach isolated 853:860 arg1 bagasse 877:883 sugarcane bagasse 867:883 sugarcane bagasse 867:883 We have shown that the heteroxylans isolated from sugarcane bagasse and straw are acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylans (GAX), with distinct molecular structures. 27842817 0 117 dep sugarcane 72:80 arg1 bagasse 82:88 bagasse 82:88 bagasse 82:88 Isolation and characterization of acetylated glucuronoarabinoxylan from sugarcane bagasse and straw. 27842817 6 118 theme Araf 1046:1049 arg1 ratio 1037:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio 992:1041 a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) 992:1103 Bagasse GAX had a slightly lower glycosyl substitution molar ratio of Araf to Xylp to (0.5:10) and (4-O-Me)GlpA to Xylp (0.1:10) than GAX from straw (0.8:10 and 0.1:10 respectively), but a higher degree of acetylation (0.33 and 0.10, respectively). 27842817 3 119 theme ca 426:427 arg1 yields 416:421 yields 416:421 yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw 416:486 Heteroxylans (yields of ca 20% based on xylose content in sugarcane bagasse and straw) were successfully isolated and purified using mild delignification followed by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction. 27842817 4 120 theme peracetic 627:635 arg1 PAA 643:645 PAA 643:645 PAA 643:645 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 4 120 theme peracetic 627:635 arg1 acid 637:640 peracetic acid 627:640 peracetic acid (PAA) 627:646 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 9 121 theme higher 1716:1721 arg1 values 1731:1736 higher average values 1716:1736 higher average values than did standard calibration 1716:1766 Light scattering data provided absolute molar mass values for acetylated GAX with higher average values than did standard calibration. 27842817 2 122 theme valuable 227:234 arg1 resource 236:243 an emerging valuable resource 215:243 an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products 215:308 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 2 122 theme valuable 227:234 arg1 They 206:209 They 206:209 They 206:209 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 11 123 theme 1H 2211:2212 arg1 spectroscopy 2218:2229 1H NMR spectroscopy 2211:2229 1H NMR spectroscopy 2211:2229 We have developed an empirical model for the molecular structure of acetylated GAX extracted from sugarcane bagasse and straw with PAA/DMSO through the integration of results obtained from glycosidic linkage analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy and acetyl quantification. 27842817 8 124 theme size 1438:1441 arg1 distributions 1464:1476 The size and molecular weight distributions 1434:1476 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw 1434:1546 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 4 125 theme higher 780:785 arg1 yields 798:803 higher extraction yields 780:803 higher extraction yields 780:803 Delignification with peracetic acid (PAA) was more efficient than traditional sodium chlorite (NaClO2) delignification for xylan extraction from both biomasses, resulting in higher extraction yields and purity. 27842817 2 126 theme xylans 356:361 arg1 quantities 342:351 significant quantities 330:351 significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods) 330:399 They are an emerging valuable resource for the generation of hemicellulose-based materials and products, since they contain significant quantities of xylans (often twice as much as in hardwoods). 27842817 10 127 theme acetyl 1963:1968 arg1 patterns 1983:1990 the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns 1940:1990 patterns 1983:1990 Moreover, the data highlighted differences in the molar mass distributions between the two isolation methods for both types of sugarcane GAX, which can be correlated with the different Araf and acetyl substitution patterns. 27842817 8 128 theme molecular 1447:1455 arg1 weight 1457:1462 molecular weight 1447:1462 molecular weight 1447:1462 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27842817 8 129 theme sugarcane 1520:1528 arg1 bagasse 1530:1536 the sugarcane bagasse 1516:1536 the sugarcane bagasse 1516:1536 The size and molecular weight distributions for the acetylated GAX extracted from the sugarcane bagasse and straw were analyzed using multiple-detection size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-DRI-MALLS). 27083809 0 0 theme erinaceus 85:93 arg1 bodies 66:71 fruiting bodies 57:71 fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 57:93 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 4 1 theme -linked 831:837 arg1 backbone 856:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 2 2 from l-fucose 530:537 arg1 ratio 573:577 the ratio 569:577 the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1 569:591 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that HPB-3 comprised l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1. 27083809 0 3 theme Hericium 76:83 arg1 erinaceus 85:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Hericium erinaceus 76:93 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 0 4 from elucidation 10:20 arg1 bodies 66:71 fruiting bodies 57:71 fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 57:93 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 0 4 from elucidation 10:20 arg1 stages 119:124 different maturation stages 98:124 different maturation stages 98:124 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 3 5 theme chemical 598:605 arg1 structure 607:615 Its chemical structure 594:615 Its chemical structure 594:615 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 0 6 theme different 98:106 arg1 stages 119:124 different maturation stages 98:124 different maturation stages 98:124 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 1 7 theme higher 302:307 arg1 activities 333:342 higher macrophages stimulation activities 302:342 higher macrophages stimulation activities 302:342 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 8 with heteropolysaccharide 136:155 arg1 weight 180:185 a mean molecular weight 163:185 a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da 163:200 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 9 theme activated 402:410 arg1 macrophages 412:422 activated macrophages 402:422 activated macrophages 402:422 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 9 theme activated 402:410 arg1 production 433:442 production 433:442 production of nitric oxide (NO) 433:463 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 10 theme maturating-stage 225:240 arg1 V 246:246 the maturating-stage IV, V 221:246 V 246:246 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 2 11 theme Monosaccharide 466:479 arg1 analysis 493:500 Monosaccharide composition analysis 466:500 Monosaccharide composition analysis 466:500 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that HPB-3 comprised l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1. 27083809 3 12 theme methylation 648:658 arg1 analysis 660:667 sugar and methylation analysis 638:667 analysis 660:667 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 3 13 dep COSY 734:737 arg1 1 725:725 1 725:725 1 725:725 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 3 13 dep COSY 734:737 arg1 1 730:730 1 730:730 1 730:730 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 3 14 theme HMBC 763:766 arg1 experiments 768:778 HMBC experiments 763:778 HMBC experiments 763:778 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 3 15 theme H- 727:728 arg1 COSY 734:737 (1)H-(1)H COSY 724:737 (1)H-(1)H COSY 724:737 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 3 16 theme NMR 696:698 arg1 spectroscopy 700:711 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 690:711 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 690:711 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 1 17 theme stimulation 321:331 arg1 activities 333:342 higher macrophages stimulation activities 302:342 higher macrophages stimulation activities 302:342 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 18 theme mean 165:168 arg1 weight 180:185 a mean molecular weight 163:185 a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da 163:200 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 0 19 theme maturation 108:117 arg1 stages 119:124 different maturation stages 98:124 different maturation stages 98:124 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 5 20 theme primary 958:964 arg1 structure 966:974 The predicted primary structure 944:974 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide 944:996 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide was established as below. 27083809 2 21 theme 5.2:23.9:1 582:591 arg1 ratio 573:577 the ratio 569:577 the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1 569:591 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that HPB-3 comprised l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1. 27083809 1 22 theme molecular 170:178 arg1 weight 180:185 a mean molecular weight 163:185 a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da 163:200 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 23 dep body 264:267 arg1 VI 252:253 VI 252:253 VI 252:253 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 5 24 theme predicted 948:956 arg1 structure 966:974 The predicted primary structure 944:974 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide 944:996 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide was established as below. 27083809 0 25 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 0:125 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 2 26 from d-glucose 556:564 arg1 ratio 573:577 the ratio 569:577 the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1 569:591 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that HPB-3 comprised l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1. 27083809 1 27 dep higher 302:307 arg1 macrophages 309:319 macrophages 309:319 macrophages 309:319 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 4 28 link -linked 831:837 arg1 backbone 856:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 4 29 theme side 883:886 arg1 chain 888:892 a side chain 881:892 a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position 881:941 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 0 30 theme polysaccharide 37:50 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 0:125 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 0 31 theme bioactive 27:35 arg1 polysaccharide 37:50 a bioactive polysaccharide 25:50 a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 25:93 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 1 32 theme fruiting 255:262 arg1 body 264:267 VI fruiting body 252:267 VI fruiting body 252:267 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 4 33 theme galactopyranosyl 839:854 arg1 backbone 856:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 1 34 theme nitric 447:452 arg1 NO 461:462 NO 461:462 NO 461:462 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 34 theme nitric 447:452 arg1 oxide 454:458 nitric oxide 447:458 nitric oxide (NO) 447:463 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 3 35 theme C 694:694 arg1 spectroscopy 700:711 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 690:711 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 690:711 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 0 36 theme fruiting 57:64 arg1 bodies 66:71 fruiting bodies 57:71 fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 57:93 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 2 37 theme composition 481:491 arg1 analysis 493:500 Monosaccharide composition analysis 466:500 Monosaccharide composition analysis 466:500 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that HPB-3 comprised l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1. 27083809 0 38 from bodies 66:71 arg1 polysaccharide 37:50 a bioactive polysaccharide 25:50 a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus 25:93 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 0 38 from bodies 66:71 arg1 elucidation 10:20 Structure elucidation 0:20 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 0:125 Structure elucidation of a bioactive polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus in different maturation stages. 27083809 1 39 theme oxide 454:458 arg1 production 433:442 production 433:442 production of nitric oxide (NO) 433:463 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 5 40 theme polysaccharide 983:996 arg1 structure 966:974 The predicted primary structure 944:974 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide 944:996 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide was established as below. 27083809 5 41 dep established 1002:1012 arg1 below 1017:1021 below 1017:1021 below 1017:1021 The predicted primary structure of the polysaccharide was established as below. 27083809 3 42 dep H 684:684 arg1 1 682:682 1 682:682 1 682:682 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 3 43 theme sugar 638:642 arg1 analysis 660:667 sugar and methylation analysis 638:667 analysis 660:667 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 4 44 theme O-2 930:932 arg1 position 934:941 the O-2 position 926:941 the O-2 position 926:941 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 1 45 theme Hericium 272:279 arg1 erinaceus 281:289 Hericium erinaceus 272:289 Hericium erinaceus 272:289 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 46 theme functional 372:381 arg1 events 383:388 the functional events 368:388 the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO) 368:463 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 1 47 theme Da 199:200 arg1 weight 180:185 a mean molecular weight 163:185 a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da 163:200 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 27083809 4 48 contain contained 814:822 arg1 HPB-3 808:812 HPB-3 808:812 HPB-3 808:812 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 4 48 contain contained 814:822 arg2 backbone 856:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone 824:863 The results indicated that HPB-3 contained a-(1/6)-linked galactopyranosyl backbone, partially with a side chain composed of α-l-fucopyranose at the O-2 position. 27083809 3 49 theme H 732:732 arg1 COSY 734:737 (1)H-(1)H COSY 724:737 (1)H-(1)H COSY 724:737 Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including (1)H-(1)H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. 27083809 2 50 from d-galactose 540:550 arg1 ratio 573:577 the ratio 569:577 the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1 569:591 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that HPB-3 comprised l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 5.2:23.9:1. 27083809 1 51 theme erinaceus 281:289 arg1 body 264:267 VI fruiting body 252:267 VI fruiting body 252:267 HPB-3, a heteropolysaccharide, with a mean molecular weight of 1.5×10(4)Da, was obtained from the maturating-stage IV, V and VI fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus, exhibited higher macrophages stimulation activities, was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide (NO). 26449532 2 0 theme % 458:458 arg1 sugar 460:464 78.40% sugar 453:464 78.40% sugar 453:464 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 3 1 theme stepwise 600:607 arg1 precipitation 617:629 stepwise alcohol precipitation 600:629 stepwise alcohol precipitation 600:629 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 4 2 theme M/G 778:780 arg1 ratios 782:787 M/G ratios 778:787 M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR 778:862 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 4 3 theme typical 803:809 arg1 0.94-1.48 792:800 0.94-1.48 792:800 0.94-1.48 792:800 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 2 4 theme highest 358:364 arg1 yield 366:370 highest yield 358:370 highest yield (10.88%) 358:379 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 4 theme highest 358:364 arg1 % 378:378 10.88% 373:378 10.88% 373:378 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 7 5 from aggregates 1303:1312 arg1 solutions 1375:1383 dilute solutions 1368:1383 dilute solutions 1368:1383 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 8 6 theme chemical 1465:1472 arg1 structure 1474:1482 its particular chemical structure 1450:1482 its particular chemical structure 1450:1482 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 0 7 theme L. 98:99 arg1 seeds 101:105 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 76:105 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 76:105 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 2 8 theme uronic 518:523 arg1 acid 525:528 1.88% uronic acid 512:528 1.88% uronic acid 512:528 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 1 9 from seeds 184:188 arg1 extraction 118:127 Optimized extraction 108:127 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 108:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 1 9 from seeds 184:188 arg1 polysaccharides 138:152 crude polysaccharides 132:152 crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 132:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 7 10 theme curve 1350:1354 arg1 coil 1327:1330 coil overlaps 1327:1339 coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions 1327:1383 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 7 10 theme curve 1350:1354 arg1 " 1355:1355 "master curve" 1342:1355 "master curve" 1342:1355 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 3 11 theme F25 557:559 arg1 fractions 539:547 Neutral fractions 531:547 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 531:572 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 2 12 theme % 516:516 arg1 acid 525:528 1.88% uronic acid 512:528 1.88% uronic acid 512:528 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 5 13 theme Weight-average 865:878 arg1 weight 890:895 Weight-average molecular weight 865:895 Weight-average molecular weight 865:895 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 8 14 theme weak 1397:1400 arg1 activity 1410:1417 Relatively weak surface activity 1386:1417 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 1386:1424 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 2 15 theme 1.88 512:515 arg1 % 516:516 % 516:516 % 516:516 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 5 16 theme molecular 880:888 arg1 weight 890:895 Weight-average molecular weight 865:895 Weight-average molecular weight 865:895 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 8 17 theme F25 1422:1424 arg1 activity 1410:1417 Relatively weak surface activity 1386:1417 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 1386:1424 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 1 18 theme extraction 268:277 arg1 70.68°C 291:297 extraction temperature 70.68°C 268:297 extraction temperature 70.68°C 268:297 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 2 19 theme % 471:471 arg1 protein 473:479 6.08% protein 467:479 6.08% protein 467:479 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 5 20 theme highest 995:1001 arg1 viscosity 1013:1021 the highest intrinsic viscosity 991:1021 the highest intrinsic viscosity 991:1021 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 6 21 theme Mark-Houwink-Sakurada 1074:1094 arg1 0.48-0.80 1106:1114 0.48-0.80 1106:1114 0.48-0.80 1106:1114 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 21 theme Mark-Houwink-Sakurada 1074:1094 arg1 exponent 1096:1103 Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent 1074:1103 Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80) 1074:1115 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 4 22 dep consisted 723:731 arg1 % 770:770 79.45-97.52% 759:770 79.45-97.52% 759:770 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 2 23 theme 6.08 467:470 arg1 % 471:471 % 471:471 % 471:471 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 3 24 theme alcohol 609:615 arg1 precipitation 617:629 stepwise alcohol precipitation 600:629 stepwise alcohol precipitation 600:629 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 6 25 theme conformation 1153:1164 arg1 zoning 1166:1171 conformation zoning 1153:1171 conformation zoning (random coil) 1153:1185 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 25 theme conformation 1153:1164 arg1 coil 1181:1184 random coil 1174:1184 random coil 1174:1184 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 8 26 theme particular 1454:1463 arg1 structure 1474:1482 its particular chemical structure 1450:1482 its particular chemical structure 1450:1482 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 2 27 theme 78.40 453:457 arg1 % 458:458 % 458:458 % 458:458 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 4 28 theme monosaccharide 643:656 arg1 composition 658:668 monosaccharide composition 643:668 monosaccharide composition 643:668 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 0 29 theme Optimized 0:8 arg1 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction 0:19 Optimized extraction 0:19 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 1 30 theme temperature 279:289 arg1 70.68°C 291:297 extraction temperature 70.68°C 268:297 extraction temperature 70.68°C 268:297 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 7 31 theme master 1343:1348 arg1 coil 1327:1330 coil overlaps 1327:1339 coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions 1327:1383 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 7 31 theme master 1343:1348 arg1 " 1355:1355 "master curve" 1342:1355 "master curve" 1342:1355 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 1 32 theme Optimized 108:116 arg1 extraction 118:127 Optimized extraction 108:127 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 108:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 0 33 theme molecular 25:33 arg1 characterization 35:50 molecular characterization 25:50 molecular characterization 25:50 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 6 34 theme power-law 1191:1199 arg1 exponent 1201:1208 power-law exponent 1191:1208 power-law exponent (b>1) 1191:1214 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 34 theme power-law 1191:1199 arg1 b>1 1211:1213 b>1 1211:1213 b>1 1211:1213 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 35 theme flexible 1224:1231 arg1 coils 1233:1237 flexible coils 1224:1237 flexible coils for all neutral fractions 1224:1263 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 2 36 contain contained 443:451 arg2 sugar 460:464 78.40% sugar 453:464 78.40% sugar 453:464 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 36 contain contained 443:451 arg2 ash 488:490 9.71% ash 482:490 9.71% ash 482:490 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 36 contain contained 443:451 arg2 protein 473:479 6.08% protein 467:479 6.08% protein 467:479 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 36 contain contained 443:451 arg2 acid 525:528 1.88% uronic acid 512:528 1.88% uronic acid 512:528 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 36 contain contained 443:451 arg1 CSAP 431:434 CSAP 431:434 CSAP 431:434 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 36 contain contained 443:451 arg2 moisture 499:506 7.16% moisture 493:506 7.16% moisture 493:506 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 6 37 theme neutral 1247:1253 arg1 fractions 1255:1263 all neutral fractions 1243:1263 all neutral fractions 1243:1263 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 7 38 from coil 1327:1330 arg1 solutions 1375:1383 dilute solutions 1368:1383 dilute solutions 1368:1383 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 8 39 theme surface 1402:1408 arg1 activity 1410:1417 Relatively weak surface activity 1386:1417 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 1386:1424 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 0 40 from seeds 101:105 arg1 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction 0:19 Optimized extraction 0:19 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 0 40 from seeds 101:105 arg1 characterization 35:50 molecular characterization 25:50 molecular characterization 25:50 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 4 41 theme composition 658:668 arg1 Results 632:638 Results 632:638 Results of monosaccharide composition 632:668 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 1 42 theme water/seed 303:312 arg1 ml/g 328:331 water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g 303:331 water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g 303:331 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 2 43 theme % 486:486 arg1 ash 488:490 9.71% ash 482:490 9.71% ash 482:490 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 5 44 theme hydrodynamic 921:932 arg1 radius 934:939 hydrodynamic radius 921:939 hydrodynamic radius 921:939 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 1 45 theme ratio 314:318 arg1 ml/g 328:331 water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g 303:331 water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g 303:331 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 2 46 theme 9.71 482:485 arg1 % 486:486 % 486:486 % 486:486 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 3 47 theme F15 552:554 arg1 fractions 539:547 Neutral fractions 531:547 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 531:572 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 2 48 theme relative 385:392 arg1 viscosity 394:402 relative viscosity 385:402 relative viscosity (1.2952) 385:411 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 2 48 theme relative 385:392 arg1 1.2952 405:410 1.2952 405:410 1.2952 405:410 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 1 49 theme 50.99:1 320:326 arg1 ml/g 328:331 water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g 303:331 water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g 303:331 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 5 50 theme intrinsic 1003:1011 arg1 viscosity 1013:1021 the highest intrinsic viscosity 991:1021 the highest intrinsic viscosity 991:1021 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 1 51 theme crude 132:136 arg1 polysaccharides 138:152 crude polysaccharides 132:152 crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 132:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 0 52 theme polysaccharides 55:69 arg1 extraction 10:19 Optimized extraction 0:19 Optimized extraction 0:19 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 0 52 theme polysaccharides 55:69 arg1 characterization 35:50 molecular characterization 25:50 molecular characterization 25:50 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 4 53 theme 0.94-1.48 792:800 arg1 ratios 782:787 M/G ratios 778:787 M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR 778:862 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 3 54 theme F60 570:572 arg1 fractions 539:547 Neutral fractions 531:547 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 531:572 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 1 55 theme polysaccharides 138:152 arg1 extraction 118:127 Optimized extraction 108:127 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 108:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 1 56 from extraction 118:127 arg1 CSAP 191:194 CSAP 191:194 CSAP 191:194 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 1 56 from extraction 118:127 arg1 seeds 184:188 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 159:188 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 159:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 7 57 dep coil 1327:1330 arg1 overlaps 1332:1339 overlaps 1332:1339 overlaps 1332:1339 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 2 58 theme % 497:497 arg1 moisture 499:506 7.16% moisture 493:506 7.16% moisture 493:506 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 5 59 theme same 953:956 arg1 order 958:962 the same order 949:962 the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60) 949:980 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 5 59 theme same 953:956 arg1 F15>F25>F35>F60 965:979 F15>F25>F35>F60 965:979 F15>F25>F35>F60 965:979 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 6 60 theme persistence 1118:1128 arg1 length 1130:1135 persistence length 1118:1135 persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm) 1118:1150 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 60 theme persistence 1118:1128 arg1 nm 1148:1149 1.45-3.93 nm 1138:1149 1.45-3.93 nm 1138:1149 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 7 61 theme dilute 1368:1373 arg1 solutions 1375:1383 dilute solutions 1368:1383 dilute solutions 1368:1383 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 6 62 theme Multiple 1045:1052 arg1 analyses 1054:1061 Multiple analyses 1045:1061 Multiple analyses 1045:1061 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 62 theme Multiple 1045:1052 arg1 exponent 1201:1208 power-law exponent 1191:1208 power-law exponent (b>1) 1191:1214 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 62 theme Multiple 1045:1052 arg1 zoning 1166:1171 conformation zoning 1153:1171 conformation zoning (random coil) 1153:1185 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 62 theme Multiple 1045:1052 arg1 exponent 1096:1103 Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent 1074:1103 Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80) 1074:1115 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 62 theme Multiple 1045:1052 arg1 length 1130:1135 persistence length 1118:1135 persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm) 1118:1150 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 2 63 theme 7.16 493:496 arg1 % 497:497 % 497:497 % 497:497 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 3 64 theme F35 562:564 arg1 fractions 539:547 Neutral fractions 531:547 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 531:572 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 4 65 theme neutral 698:704 arg1 fractions 706:714 its neutral fractions 694:714 its neutral fractions 694:714 Results of monosaccharide composition indicated that CSAP and its neutral fractions mainly consisted of mannose and galactose (79.45-97.52%) with M/G ratios of 0.94-1.48, typical for galactomannans, which were demonstrated by FT-IR. 26449532 8 66 theme conjoined 1519:1527 arg1 structure 1474:1482 its particular chemical structure 1450:1482 its particular chemical structure 1450:1482 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 0 67 theme alopecuroides 84:96 arg1 seeds 101:105 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 76:105 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 76:105 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 2 68 theme proximal 342:349 arg1 point 351:355 this proximal point 337:355 this proximal point 337:355 At this proximal point, highest yield (10.88%) and relative viscosity (1.2952) were obtained for CSAP, which contained 78.40% sugar, 6.08% protein, 9.71% ash, 7.16% moisture and 1.88% uronic acid. 26449532 5 69 theme gyration 908:915 arg1 radius 934:939 hydrodynamic radius 921:939 hydrodynamic radius 921:939 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 5 69 theme gyration 908:915 arg1 radius 898:903 radius 898:903 radius of gyration 898:915 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 5 69 theme gyration 908:915 arg1 weight 890:895 Weight-average molecular weight 865:895 Weight-average molecular weight 865:895 Weight-average molecular weight, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius were in the same order (F15>F25>F35>F60), whereas the highest intrinsic viscosity was observed for F25. 26449532 8 70 theme proteinaceous 1488:1500 arg1 moieties 1502:1509 proteinaceous moieties 1488:1509 proteinaceous moieties 1488:1509 Relatively weak surface activity of F25 was probably related to its particular chemical structure and proteinaceous moieties closely conjoined. 26449532 1 71 theme extraction 244:253 arg1 h 265:265 extraction time 4.15 h 244:265 extraction time 4.15 h 244:265 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 1 71 theme extraction 244:253 arg1 results 231:237 the results 227:237 the results 227:237 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 0 72 theme Sophora 76:82 arg1 seeds 101:105 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 76:105 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 76:105 Optimized extraction and molecular characterization of polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds. 26449532 3 73 theme Neutral 531:537 arg1 fractions 539:547 Neutral fractions 531:547 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 531:572 Neutral fractions of F15, F25, F35 and F60 were further obtained via stepwise alcohol precipitation. 26449532 7 74 theme F25 1361:1363 arg1 aggregates 1303:1312 no aggregates 1300:1312 no aggregates (K″ 0.60) 1300:1322 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 7 74 theme F25 1361:1363 arg1 coil 1327:1330 coil overlaps 1327:1339 coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions 1327:1383 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 7 74 theme F25 1361:1363 arg1 " 1355:1355 "master curve" 1342:1355 "master curve" 1342:1355 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 7 74 theme F25 1361:1363 arg1 K″ 1315:1316 K″ 1315:1316 K″ 1315:1316 Concerning viscometry, there were no aggregates (K″ 0.60) or coil overlaps ("master curve") of F25 in dilute solutions. 26449532 1 75 theme L. 181:182 arg1 CSAP 191:194 CSAP 191:194 CSAP 191:194 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 1 75 theme L. 181:182 arg1 seeds 184:188 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds 159:188 Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) 159:195 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 6 76 theme random 1174:1179 arg1 zoning 1166:1171 conformation zoning 1153:1171 conformation zoning (random coil) 1153:1185 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 6 76 theme random 1174:1179 arg1 coil 1181:1184 random coil 1174:1184 random coil 1174:1184 Multiple analyses, including Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponent (0.48-0.80), persistence length (1.45-3.93 nm), conformation zoning (random coil) and power-law exponent (b>1), showed flexible coils for all neutral fractions. 26449532 1 77 theme time 255:258 arg1 h 265:265 extraction time 4.15 h 244:265 extraction time 4.15 h 244:265 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 26449532 1 77 theme time 255:258 arg1 results 231:237 the results 227:237 the results 227:237 Optimized extraction of crude polysaccharides from Sophora alopecuroides L. seeds (CSAP) was firstly investigated, and the results were extraction time 4.15 h, extraction temperature 70.68°C and water/seed ratio 50.99:1 ml/g. 25885924 4 0 theme cancer 806:811 arg1 MCF-7 819:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 1 1 theme cell 138:141 arg1 molecule 152:159 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 131:163 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) 131:174 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 1 1 theme cell 138:141 arg1 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 4 2 theme breast 799:804 arg1 MCF-7 819:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 5 3 from effect 830:835 arg1 motility 881:888 motility 881:888 motility 881:888 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 5 3 from effect 830:835 arg1 proliferation 866:878 NCAM-mediated cell proliferation 847:878 NCAM-mediated cell proliferation 847:878 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 5 3 from effect 830:835 arg1 adhesion 905:912 adhesion 905:912 adhesion 905:912 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 5 3 from effect 830:835 arg1 migration 891:899 migration 891:899 migration 891:899 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 3 4 theme glycoproteins 462:474 arg1 studies 436:442 structural and functional studies 410:442 structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins 410:474 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 5 from deficient 361:369 arg1 4-epimerase 382:392 UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 374:392 UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 374:392 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 6 6 gly polysialylation 1023:1037 arg1 NCAM-140 1042:1049 NCAM-140 1042:1049 NCAM-140 1042:1049 We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. 25885924 4 7 theme murine 709:714 arg1 cells 749:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 8 theme cells 813:817 arg1 MCF-7 819:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 1 9 gly polysialylated 212:225 arg1 molecule 152:159 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 131:163 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) 131:174 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 1 9 gly polysialylated 212:225 arg1 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 2 10 theme acid 262:265 arg1 Functions 238:246 Functions 238:246 Functions of polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM 238:310 Functions of polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM remain unclear. 25885924 4 11 theme responsible 666:676 arg1 STX 653:655 STX 653:655 STX 653:655 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 11 theme responsible 666:676 arg1 polysialyltransferases 630:651 polysialyltransferases STX and PST 630:663 polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) 630:695 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 11 theme responsible 666:676 arg1 PST 661:663 PST 661:663 PST 661:663 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 7 12 theme different 1194:1202 arg1 polysialyltransferases 1204:1225 different polysialyltransferases 1194:1225 different polysialyltransferases 1194:1225 In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components. 25885924 2 13 theme polysialic 251:260 arg1 acid 262:265 polysialic acid 251:265 polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM 251:310 Functions of polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM remain unclear. 25885924 2 13 theme polysialic 251:260 arg1 PSA 268:270 PSA 268:270 PSA 268:270 Functions of polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM remain unclear. 25885924 7 14 theme different 1260:1268 arg1 components 1297:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components. 25885924 0 15 theme cell 38:41 arg1 NCAM 62:65 NCAM 62:65 NCAM 62:65 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 0 15 theme cell 38:41 arg1 molecule 52:59 neural cell adhesion molecule 31:59 neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 31:66 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 4 16 theme mammary 716:722 arg1 cells 749:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 7 17 theme extracellular 1270:1282 arg1 components 1297:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components. 25885924 1 18 gly glycoprotein 181:192 arg1 glycoprotein 181:192 a glycoprotein 179:192 a glycoprotein 179:192 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 3 19 theme normal 533:538 arg1 status 540:545 normal status 533:545 normal status 533:545 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 20 theme abnormal 490:497 arg1 glycosylation 499:511 their abnormal glycosylation 484:511 their abnormal glycosylation 484:511 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 7 21 theme NCAM 1252:1255 arg1 adhesion 1240:1247 the adhesion 1236:1247 the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1236:1306 In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components. 25885924 4 22 dep polysialyltransferases 630:651 arg1 STX 653:655 STX 653:655 STX 653:655 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 22 dep polysialyltransferases 630:651 arg1 polysialyltransferases 630:651 polysialyltransferases STX and PST 630:663 polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) 630:695 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 22 dep polysialyltransferases 630:651 arg1 PST 661:663 PST 661:663 PST 661:663 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 23 theme PSA 682:684 arg1 synthesis 686:694 PSA synthesis 682:694 PSA synthesis 682:694 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 3 24 theme UDP-Gal 374:380 arg1 4-epimerase 382:392 UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 374:392 UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 374:392 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 25 theme ldlD-14 328:334 arg1 mutant 354:359 a CHO cell mutant 343:359 a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 343:392 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 25 theme ldlD-14 328:334 arg1 cells 336:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 7 26 theme matrix 1284:1289 arg1 components 1297:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components. 25885924 5 27 theme cell 861:864 arg1 proliferation 866:878 NCAM-mediated cell proliferation 847:878 NCAM-mediated cell proliferation 847:878 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 0 28 theme cell 13:16 arg1 migration 18:26 cell migration 13:26 cell migration 13:26 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 3 29 gly glycoproteins 462:474 arg1 glycoproteins 462:474 Gal-containing glycoproteins 447:474 Gal-containing glycoproteins 447:474 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 1 30 theme adhesion 143:150 arg1 molecule 152:159 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 131:163 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) 131:174 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 1 30 theme adhesion 143:150 arg1 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 3 31 theme structural 410:419 arg1 studies 436:442 structural and functional studies 410:442 structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins 410:474 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 0 32 theme neural 31:36 arg1 NCAM 62:65 NCAM 62:65 NCAM 62:65 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 0 32 theme neural 31:36 arg1 molecule 52:59 neural cell adhesion molecule 31:59 neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 31:66 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 1 33 dep polysialylated 212:225 arg1 glycoprotein 181:192 a glycoprotein 179:192 a glycoprotein 179:192 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 3 34 theme deficient 361:369 arg1 mutant 354:359 a CHO cell mutant 343:359 a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 343:392 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 34 theme deficient 361:369 arg1 cells 336:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 0 35 theme polysialyltransferase-specific 92:121 arg1 manner 123:128 a polysialyltransferase-specific manner 90:128 a polysialyltransferase-specific manner 90:128 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 4 36 theme normal 702:707 arg1 cells 749:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 0 37 theme migration 18:26 arg1 Promotion 0:8 Promotion 0:8 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 0:66 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 6 38 theme cell 973:976 arg1 proliferation 978:990 cell proliferation 973:990 cell proliferation 973:990 We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. 25885924 3 39 theme CHO 345:347 arg1 mutant 354:359 a CHO cell mutant 343:359 a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 343:392 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 39 theme CHO 345:347 arg1 cells 336:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 40 theme Gal-containing 447:460 arg1 glycoproteins 462:474 Gal-containing glycoproteins 447:474 Gal-containing glycoproteins 447:474 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 5 41 theme PSA 840:842 arg1 effect 830:835 The effect 826:835 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion 826:912 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 3 42 theme cell 349:352 arg1 mutant 354:359 a CHO cell mutant 343:359 a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase 343:392 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 3 42 theme cell 349:352 arg1 cells 336:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells 328:340 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 6 43 theme cell 1108:1111 arg1 migration 1113:1121 NCAM-mediated cell migration 1094:1121 NCAM-mediated cell migration 1094:1121 We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. 25885924 3 44 theme exogenous 550:558 arg1 addition 560:567 exogenous addition 550:567 exogenous addition of galactose (Gal) 550:586 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 7 45 theme ECM 1292:1294 arg1 components 1297:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 different extracellular matrix (ECM) components 1260:1306 In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components. 25885924 6 46 theme cell 1132:1135 arg1 proliferation 1137:1149 cell proliferation 1132:1149 cell proliferation 1132:1149 We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. 25885924 2 47 theme N-glycan 287:294 arg1 termini 296:302 N-glycan termini 287:302 N-glycan termini 287:302 Functions of polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM remain unclear. 25885924 4 48 theme gland 724:728 arg1 cells 749:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 49 theme human 793:797 arg1 MCF-7 819:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 human breast cancer cells MCF-7 793:823 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 4 50 theme epithelial 730:739 arg1 cells 749:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 3 51 theme functional 425:434 arg1 studies 436:442 structural and functional studies 410:442 structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins 410:474 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 5 52 theme NCAM-mediated 847:859 arg1 proliferation 866:878 NCAM-mediated cell proliferation 847:878 NCAM-mediated cell proliferation 847:878 The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. 25885924 6 53 theme NCAM-140 1042:1049 arg1 polysialylation 1023:1037 polysialylation 1023:1037 polysialylation 1023:1037 We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. 25885924 3 54 theme galactose 572:580 arg1 addition 560:567 exogenous addition 550:567 exogenous addition of galactose (Gal) 550:586 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 6 55 theme NCAM-mediated 1094:1106 arg1 migration 1113:1121 NCAM-mediated cell migration 1094:1121 NCAM-mediated cell migration 1094:1121 We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. 25885924 0 56 theme adhesion 43:50 arg1 NCAM 62:65 NCAM 62:65 NCAM 62:65 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 0 56 theme adhesion 43:50 arg1 molecule 52:59 neural cell adhesion molecule 31:59 neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) 31:66 Promotion of cell migration by neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is enhanced by PSA in a polysialyltransferase-specific manner. 25885924 4 57 theme NMuMG 742:746 arg1 cells 749:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells 702:753 We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. 25885924 3 58 from 4-epimerase 382:392 arg1 deficient 361:369 deficient 361:369 deficient 361:369 ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). 25885924 1 59 theme Neural 131:136 arg1 molecule 152:159 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 131:163 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) 131:174 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25885924 1 59 theme Neural 131:136 arg1 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 NCAM-140 166:173 Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. 25983037 6 0 theme order 1361:1365 arg1 quinoa 1315:1320 quinoa 1315:1320 quinoa 1315:1320 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 6 0 theme order 1361:1365 arg1 plants 1347:1352 other dicotyledonous plants 1326:1352 other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1326:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 1 1 theme pectic 151:156 arg1 chains 171:176 pectic neutral side chains 151:176 pectic neutral side chains 151:176 In plants belonging to the order of Caryophyllales, pectic neutral side chains can be substituted with ferulic acid. 25983037 3 2 attach isolated 493:500 arg2 oligosaccharides 471:486 two diferulic acid oligosaccharides 452:486 two diferulic acid oligosaccharides 452:486 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 3 2 attach isolated 493:500 arg1 hydrolyzate 521:531 the enzymatic hydrolyzate 507:531 the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 507:582 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 1 3 theme neutral 158:164 arg1 chains 171:176 pectic neutral side chains 151:176 pectic neutral side chains 151:176 In plants belonging to the order of Caryophyllales, pectic neutral side chains can be substituted with ferulic acid. 25983037 5 4 theme glycosidic 1019:1028 arg1 linkages 1030:1037 glycosidic linkages 1019:1037 glycosidic linkages 1019:1037 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 4 theme glycosidic 1019:1028 arg1 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 6 5 theme diferulic 1154:1162 arg1 acids 1164:1168 diferulic acids 1154:1168 diferulic acids 1154:1168 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 quinoa 63:68 quinoa 63:68 quinoa 63:68 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 4 7 theme arabinobioses 857:869 arg1 residue 829:835 the nonreducing residue 813:835 the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 813:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 4 7 theme arabinobioses 857:869 arg1 arabinobioses 857:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 2 8 theme polysaccharide 281:294 arg1 cross-links 296:306 intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links 252:306 intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links 252:306 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 5 9 theme polymeric 990:998 arg1 composition 1006:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 9 theme polymeric 990:998 arg1 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 6 10 theme arabinan 1242:1249 arg1 chains 1251:1256 arabinan chains 1242:1256 arabinan chains 1242:1256 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 6 11 theme plants 1347:1352 arg1 architecture 1299:1310 cell wall architecture 1289:1310 cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1289:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 2 12 from isolation 341:349 arg1 plants 429:434 monocotyledonous plants 412:434 monocotyledonous plants 412:434 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 13 theme intermolecular 266:279 arg1 cross-links 296:306 intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links 252:306 intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links 252:306 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 6 14 theme chains 1251:1256 arg1 cross-linking 1225:1237 intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking 1188:1237 intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains 1188:1256 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 0 15 from quinoa 63:68 arg1 WILLD 90:94 WILLD 90:94 WILLD 90:94 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 0 15 from quinoa 63:68 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 0:96 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 0 15 from quinoa 63:68 arg1 polysaccharides 42:56 diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides 20:56 diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa 20:68 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 6 16 theme dicotyledonous 1332:1345 arg1 plants 1347:1352 other dicotyledonous plants 1326:1352 other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1326:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 3 17 theme dicotyledonous 549:562 arg1 quinoa 577:582 the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 545:582 the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 545:582 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 1 18 theme side 166:169 arg1 chains 171:176 pectic neutral side chains 151:176 pectic neutral side chains 151:176 In plants belonging to the order of Caryophyllales, pectic neutral side chains can be substituted with ferulic acid. 25983037 5 19 theme phenolic 924:931 arg1 substitution 938:949 phenolic acid substitution 924:949 phenolic acid substitution 924:949 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 6 20 theme other 1326:1330 arg1 plants 1347:1352 other dicotyledonous plants 1326:1352 other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1326:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 2 21 from characterization 355:370 arg1 plants 429:434 monocotyledonous plants 412:434 monocotyledonous plants 412:434 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 22 theme intra- 252:257 arg1 cross-links 296:306 intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links 252:306 intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links 252:306 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 3 23 theme diferulic 456:464 arg1 oligosaccharides 471:486 two diferulic acid oligosaccharides 452:486 two diferulic acid oligosaccharides 452:486 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 5 24 theme diferuloylated 958:971 arg1 polysaccharides 973:987 the diferuloylated polysaccharides 954:987 the diferuloylated polysaccharides 954:987 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 2 25 theme oligosaccharides 390:405 arg1 characterization 355:370 characterization 355:370 characterization 355:370 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 25 theme oligosaccharides 390:405 arg1 isolation 341:349 isolation 341:349 isolation 341:349 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 4 26 theme residue 829:835 arg1 O2-position 798:808 the O2-position 794:808 the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 794:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 6 27 theme quinoa 1315:1320 arg1 architecture 1299:1310 cell wall architecture 1289:1310 cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1289:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 5 28 theme polysaccharides 973:987 arg1 composition 1006:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 28 theme polysaccharides 973:987 arg1 linkages 1030:1037 glycosidic linkages 1019:1037 glycosidic linkages 1019:1037 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 28 theme polysaccharides 973:987 arg1 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 28 theme polysaccharides 973:987 arg1 degree 914:919 the degree 910:919 the degree of phenolic acid substitution 910:949 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 2 29 theme acid 385:388 arg1 oligosaccharides 390:405 diferulic acid oligosaccharides 375:405 diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants 375:434 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 0 30 theme pectic 35:40 arg1 polysaccharides 42:56 diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides 20:56 diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa 20:68 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 6 31 theme major 1273:1277 arg1 impact 1279:1284 a major impact 1271:1284 a major impact 1271:1284 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 5 32 theme acid 933:936 arg1 substitution 938:949 phenolic acid substitution 924:949 phenolic acid substitution 924:949 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 2 33 dep isolation 341:349 arg1 the 337:339 the 337:339 the 337:339 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 5 34 dep structure 896:904 arg1 the 892:894 the 892:894 the 892:894 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 35 theme sugar 1000:1004 arg1 composition 1006:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 35 theme sugar 1000:1004 arg1 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 0 36 theme diferuloylated 20:33 arg1 polysaccharides 42:56 diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides 20:56 diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa 20:68 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 4 37 theme nonreducing 817:827 arg1 residue 829:835 the nonreducing residue 813:835 the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 813:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 4 37 theme nonreducing 817:827 arg1 arabinobioses 857:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 3 38 theme permeation 591:600 arg1 chromatography 602:615 gel permeation chromatography 587:615 gel permeation chromatography 587:615 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 3 39 theme acid 466:469 arg1 oligosaccharides 471:486 two diferulic acid oligosaccharides 452:486 two diferulic acid oligosaccharides 452:486 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 1 40 theme Caryophyllales 135:148 arg1 order 126:130 the order 122:130 the order of Caryophyllales 122:148 In plants belonging to the order of Caryophyllales, pectic neutral side chains can be substituted with ferulic acid. 25983037 6 41 theme intramolecular 1188:1201 arg1 cross-linking 1225:1237 intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking 1188:1237 intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains 1188:1256 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 6 42 theme wall 1294:1297 arg1 architecture 1299:1310 cell wall architecture 1289:1310 cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1289:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 3 43 theme 1D/2D 683:687 arg1 spectroscopy 693:704 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 683:704 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 683:704 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 5 44 theme monomeric 1065:1073 arg1 acids 1084:1088 polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids 1044:1088 polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids 1044:1088 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 1 45 theme ferulic 202:208 arg1 acid 210:213 ferulic acid 202:213 ferulic acid 202:213 In plants belonging to the order of Caryophyllales, pectic neutral side chains can be substituted with ferulic acid. 25983037 2 46 theme monocotyledonous 412:427 arg1 plants 429:434 monocotyledonous plants 412:434 monocotyledonous plants 412:434 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 0 47 theme polysaccharides 42:56 arg1 WILLD 90:94 WILLD 90:94 WILLD 90:94 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 0 47 theme polysaccharides 42:56 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 0:96 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 5 48 theme phenolic 1075:1082 arg1 acids 1084:1088 polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids 1044:1088 polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids 1044:1088 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 4 49 attach linked 784:789 arg2 acid 779:782 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid 754:782 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 754:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 4 49 attach linked 784:789 arg1 O2-position 798:808 the O2-position 794:808 the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 794:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 3 50 theme preparative 621:631 arg1 HPLC 633:636 preparative HPLC 621:636 preparative HPLC 621:636 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 6 51 theme Caryophyllales 1370:1383 arg1 order 1361:1365 the order 1357:1365 the order of Caryophyllales 1357:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 3 52 theme enzymatic 511:519 arg1 hydrolyzate 521:531 the enzymatic hydrolyzate 507:531 the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 507:582 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 5 53 theme diferulic 1094:1102 arg1 acids 1104:1108 diferulic acids 1094:1108 diferulic acids 1094:1108 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 4 54 theme -linked 849:855 arg1 arabinobioses 857:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 3 55 theme seeds 536:540 arg1 hydrolyzate 521:531 the enzymatic hydrolyzate 507:531 the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 507:582 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 5 56 theme substitution 938:949 arg1 composition 1006:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 polymeric sugar composition 990:1016 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 56 theme substitution 938:949 arg1 linkages 1030:1037 glycosidic linkages 1019:1037 glycosidic linkages 1019:1037 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 56 theme substitution 938:949 arg1 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 structure 896:904 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 5 56 theme substitution 938:949 arg1 degree 914:919 the degree 910:919 the degree of phenolic acid substitution 910:949 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 6 57 theme cell 1289:1292 arg1 architecture 1299:1310 cell wall architecture 1289:1310 cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales 1289:1383 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 5 58 theme polysaccharide-bound 1044:1063 arg1 acids 1084:1088 polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids 1044:1088 polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids 1044:1088 To get insight into the structure and the degree of phenolic acid substitution of the diferuloylated polysaccharides, polymeric sugar composition, glycosidic linkages, and polysaccharide-bound monomeric phenolic acids and diferulic acids were analyzed. 25983037 4 59 theme 5-5- 754:757 arg1 acid 779:782 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid 754:782 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 754:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 4 60 theme 8-O-4-diferulic 763:777 arg1 acid 779:782 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid 754:782 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 754:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 3 61 theme gel 587:589 arg1 chromatography 602:615 gel permeation chromatography 587:615 gel permeation chromatography 587:615 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 3 62 theme pseudocereal 564:575 arg1 quinoa 577:582 the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 545:582 the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 545:582 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 3 63 theme NMR 689:691 arg1 spectroscopy 693:704 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 683:704 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy 683:704 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 3 64 theme quinoa 577:582 arg1 seeds 536:540 seeds 536:540 seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa 536:582 In this study, two diferulic acid oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of seeds of the dicotyledonous pseudocereal quinoa by gel permeation chromatography and preparative HPLC and unambiguously identified by LC-MS(2) and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy. 25983037 2 65 theme acid 239:242 arg1 ability 220:226 The ability 216:226 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization 216:322 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 66 from plants 429:434 arg1 characterization 355:370 characterization 355:370 characterization 355:370 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 66 from plants 429:434 arg1 isolation 341:349 isolation 341:349 isolation 341:349 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 66 from plants 429:434 arg1 oligosaccharides 390:405 diferulic acid oligosaccharides 375:405 diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants 375:434 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 2 67 theme diferulic 375:383 arg1 oligosaccharides 390:405 diferulic acid oligosaccharides 375:405 diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants 375:434 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 4 68 link -linked 849:855 arg1 arabinobioses 857:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses 840:869 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 0 69 theme Chenopodium 71:81 arg1 quinoa 83:88 Chenopodium quinoa 71:88 Chenopodium quinoa WILLD. 71:95 Characterization of diferuloylated pectic polysaccharides from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa WILLD.) 25983037 6 70 theme intermolecular 1210:1223 arg1 cross-linking 1225:1237 intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking 1188:1237 intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains 1188:1256 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 2 71 theme ferulic 231:237 arg1 acid 239:242 ferulic acid 231:242 ferulic acid 231:242 The ability of ferulic acid to form intra- and/or intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links by dimerization was shown by the isolation and characterization of diferulic acid oligosaccharides from monocotyledonous plants. 25983037 4 72 theme isolated 711:718 arg1 oligosaccharides 720:735 The isolated oligosaccharides 707:735 The isolated oligosaccharides 707:735 The isolated oligosaccharides are comprised of 5-5- and 8-O-4-diferulic acid linked to the O2-position of the nonreducing residue of two (1→5)-linked arabinobioses. 25983037 6 73 contain have 1266:1269 arg1 acids 1164:1168 diferulic acids 1154:1168 diferulic acids 1154:1168 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25983037 6 73 contain have 1266:1269 arg2 impact 1279:1284 a major impact 1271:1284 a major impact 1271:1284 This study demonstrates that diferulic acids are involved into intramolecular and/or intermolecular cross-linking of arabinan chains and may have a major impact on cell wall architecture of quinoa and other dicotyledonous plants of the order of Caryophyllales. 25746404 1 0 theme Ophiocordyceps 152:165 arg1 mycelia 178:184 Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia 152:184 Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia 152:184 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 0 1 theme longissima 91:100 arg1 Ascomycetes 103:113 Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 76:114 Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 76:114 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 5 2 theme 3-4 947:949 arg1 times 951:955 3-4 times 947:955 3-4 times 947:955 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) was 3-4 times higher than that of synnemata, whereas inosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine (0.093, 0.145, 0.053, and 0.073 g/100 g) were highest in synnemata. 25746404 8 3 theme culture 1517:1523 arg1 methods 1525:1531 different culture methods 1507:1531 different culture methods according to market demand 1507:1558 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 1 4 theme longissima 167:176 arg1 mycelia 178:184 Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia 152:184 Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia 152:184 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 0 5 theme Ascomycetes 103:113 arg1 Culture 65:71 Artificial Culture 54:71 Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 54:114 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 1 6 theme chemical 262:269 arg1 basis 271:275 its chemical basis 258:275 its chemical basis for development 258:291 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 1 6 theme chemical 262:269 arg1 food 305:308 a health food 296:308 a health food 296:308 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 5 7 from content 900:906 arg1 g 940:940 0.024 g/100 g 928:940 0.024 g/100 g 928:940 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) was 3-4 times higher than that of synnemata, whereas inosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine (0.093, 0.145, 0.053, and 0.073 g/100 g) were highest in synnemata. 25746404 5 7 from content 900:906 arg1 bodies 920:925 fruiting bodies 911:925 fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) 911:941 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) was 3-4 times higher than that of synnemata, whereas inosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine (0.093, 0.145, 0.053, and 0.073 g/100 g) were highest in synnemata. 25746404 8 8 theme market 1546:1551 arg1 demand 1553:1558 market demand 1546:1558 market demand 1546:1558 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 3 9 from mannitol 562:569 arg1 synnemata 597:605 synnemata 597:605 synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) 597:650 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25746404 1 10 theme mycelia 178:184 arg1 compositions 136:147 the compositions 132:147 the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies 132:216 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 8 11 used utilized 1495:1502 arg2 longissima 1475:1484 O. longissima 1472:1484 O. longissima 1472:1484 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 8 12 theme medicinal 1599:1607 arg1 resource 1609:1616 a possible health food or medicinal resource 1573:1616 resource 1609:1616 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 7 13 located detected 1415:1422 arg2 As 1407:1408 As 1407:1408 As 1407:1408 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 7 13 located detected 1415:1422 arg1 bodies 1436:1441 fruiting bodies 1427:1441 fruiting bodies 1427:1441 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 7 13 located detected 1415:1422 arg2 Hg 1399:1400 Hg 1399:1400 Hg 1399:1400 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 7 13 located detected 1415:1422 arg2 Cd 1395:1396 Cd 1395:1396 Cd 1395:1396 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 2 14 theme protein 359:365 arg1 macroelements 389:401 macroelements 389:401 macroelements 389:401 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 14 theme protein 359:365 arg1 highest 408:414 highest 408:414 highest 408:414 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 14 theme protein 359:365 arg1 polysaccharides 368:382 polysaccharides 368:382 polysaccharides 368:382 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 14 theme protein 359:365 arg1 contents 341:348 the contents 337:348 the contents of crude protein 337:365 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 0 15 theme Nutritional 0:10 arg1 Composition 12:22 Nutritional Composition 0:22 Nutritional Composition 0:22 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 6 16 dep mycelia 1130:1136 arg1 × 1144:1144 3.30 × 1139:1144 3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1139:1172 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 7 17 theme health 1356:1361 arg1 limit 1333:1337 the limit 1329:1337 the limit of edible fungus health standard 1329:1370 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 2 18 theme crude 353:357 arg1 protein 359:365 crude protein 353:365 crude protein 353:365 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 0 19 theme Bioactive 28:36 arg1 Constituents 38:49 Bioactive Constituents 28:49 Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 28:114 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 6 20 dep × 1144:1144 arg1 g 1172:1172 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1146:1172 3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1139:1172 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 7 21 theme standard 1363:1370 arg1 health 1356:1361 edible fungus health standard 1342:1370 edible fungus health standard 1342:1370 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 8 22 theme possible 1575:1582 arg1 food 1591:1594 a possible health food or medicinal resource 1573:1616 food 1591:1594 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 1 23 theme synnemata 187:195 arg1 compositions 136:147 the compositions 132:147 the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies 132:216 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 3 24 from those 731:735 arg1 different 716:724 different 716:724 different 716:724 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25746404 1 25 theme fruiting 202:209 arg1 bodies 211:216 fruiting bodies 202:216 fruiting bodies 202:216 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 1 26 theme bodies 211:216 arg1 compositions 136:147 the compositions 132:147 the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies 132:216 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 4 27 theme higher 845:850 arg1 times 839:843 >4 times 836:843 >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g) 836:887 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) was >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g). 25746404 4 28 theme fruiting 801:808 arg1 g 829:829 2.15 g/100 g 818:829 2.15 g/100 g 818:829 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) was >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g). 25746404 4 28 theme fruiting 801:808 arg1 bodies 810:815 fruiting bodies 801:815 fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) 801:830 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) was >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g). 25746404 3 29 theme ergosterol 576:585 arg1 levels 587:592 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels 546:592 levels 587:592 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25746404 3 30 theme Polysaccharide 546:559 arg1 mannitol 562:569 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels 546:592 mannitol 562:569 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25746404 0 31 theme Culture 65:71 arg1 Composition 12:22 Nutritional Composition 0:22 Nutritional Composition 0:22 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 0 31 theme Culture 65:71 arg1 Constituents 38:49 Bioactive Constituents 28:49 Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 28:114 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 1 32 theme health 298:303 arg1 basis 271:275 its chemical basis 258:275 its chemical basis for development 258:291 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 1 32 theme health 298:303 arg1 food 305:308 a health food 296:308 a health food 296:308 In this study, the compositions of Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelia, synnemata, and fruiting bodies were first analyzed in order to clarify its chemical basis for development as a health food or medicine. 25746404 7 33 theme fruiting 1427:1434 arg1 bodies 1436:1441 fruiting bodies 1427:1441 fruiting bodies 1427:1441 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 4 34 from content 790:796 arg1 g 829:829 2.15 g/100 g 818:829 2.15 g/100 g 818:829 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) was >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g). 25746404 4 34 from content 790:796 arg1 bodies 810:815 fruiting bodies 801:815 fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) 801:830 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) was >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g). 25746404 8 35 theme different 1507:1515 arg1 methods 1525:1531 different culture methods 1507:1531 different culture methods according to market demand 1507:1558 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 0 36 theme Artificial 54:63 arg1 Culture 65:71 Artificial Culture 54:71 Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 54:114 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 8 37 theme O. 1472:1473 arg1 longissima 1475:1484 O. longissima 1472:1484 O. longissima 1472:1484 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 6 38 theme × 1256:1256 arg1 bodies 1243:1248 fruiting bodies 1234:1248 fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) 1234:1285 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 6 38 theme × 1256:1256 arg1 g 1284:1284 1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1251:1284 1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1251:1284 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 5 39 theme fruiting 911:918 arg1 g 940:940 0.024 g/100 g 928:940 0.024 g/100 g 928:940 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) was 3-4 times higher than that of synnemata, whereas inosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine (0.093, 0.145, 0.053, and 0.073 g/100 g) were highest in synnemata. 25746404 5 39 theme fruiting 911:918 arg1 bodies 920:925 fruiting bodies 911:925 fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) 911:941 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) was 3-4 times higher than that of synnemata, whereas inosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine (0.093, 0.145, 0.053, and 0.073 g/100 g) were highest in synnemata. 25746404 6 40 theme × 1199:1199 arg1 g 1227:1227 1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1194:1227 1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1194:1227 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 6 40 theme × 1199:1199 arg1 synnemata 1183:1191 synnemata 1183:1191 synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) 1183:1228 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 3 41 theme fruiting 677:684 arg1 bodies 686:691 fruiting bodies 677:691 fruiting bodies 677:691 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25746404 4 42 theme Trehalose 780:788 arg1 content 790:796 Trehalose content 780:796 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) 780:830 Trehalose content in fruiting bodies (2.15 g/100 g) was >4 times higher than that in synnemata (0.5 g/100 g). 25746404 7 43 theme edible 1342:1347 arg1 health 1356:1361 edible fungus health standard 1342:1370 edible fungus health standard 1342:1370 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 8 44 theme health 1584:1589 arg1 food 1591:1594 a possible health food or medicinal resource 1573:1616 food 1591:1594 These findings suggest that O. longissima could be utilized in different culture methods according to market demand and might be a possible health food or medicinal resource. 25746404 7 45 theme fungus 1349:1354 arg1 health 1356:1361 edible fungus health standard 1342:1370 edible fungus health standard 1342:1370 As, Hg, Cd, and Pb in mycelia were under the limit of edible fungus health standard; Pb was not found, but Cd, Hg, and As were detected in fruiting bodies. 25746404 0 46 theme Ophiocordyceps 76:89 arg1 Ascomycetes 103:113 Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 76:114 Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes) 76:114 Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Constituents of Artificial Culture of Ophiocordyceps longissima (Ascomycetes). 25746404 5 47 theme Adenosine 890:898 arg1 content 900:906 Adenosine content 890:906 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) 890:941 Adenosine content in fruiting bodies (0.024 g/100 g) was 3-4 times higher than that of synnemata, whereas inosine, cytosine, guanosine, and uridine (0.093, 0.145, 0.053, and 0.073 g/100 g) were highest in synnemata. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 adenosine 490:498 adenosine 490:498 adenosine 490:498 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 Se 518:519 Se 518:519 Se 518:519 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 inosine 501:507 inosine 501:507 inosine 501:507 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 mannitol 468:475 mannitol 468:475 mannitol 468:475 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 ergosterol 478:487 ergosterol 478:487 ergosterol 478:487 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 Zn 510:511 Zn 510:511 Zn 510:511 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 2 48 theme effective 436:444 arg1 components 446:455 effective components 436:455 effective components 436:455 We found that the contents of crude protein, polysaccharides, and macroelements were highest in mycelia, whereas effective components, including mannitol, ergosterol, adenosine, inosine, Zn, and Se, were lowest in mycelia. 25746404 3 49 dep synnemata 597:605 arg1 g 635:635 2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g 608:635 2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g 608:635 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25746404 6 50 theme fruiting 1234:1241 arg1 bodies 1243:1248 fruiting bodies 1234:1248 fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) 1234:1285 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 6 50 theme fruiting 1234:1241 arg1 g 1284:1284 1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1251:1284 1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g 1251:1284 Cu and Se were lower in mycelia (3.30 × 10⁻⁴ and 3.1 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) than in synnemata (1.85 × 10⁻³ and 7.2 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g) and fruiting bodies (1.67 × 10⁻³ and 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ g/100 g). 25746404 3 51 from levels 587:592 arg1 synnemata 597:605 synnemata 597:605 synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) 597:650 Polysaccharide, mannitol, and ergosterol levels in synnemata (2.33, 4.54, and 0.66 g/100 g, respectively) were similar to those in fruiting bodies, but was significantly different from those of mycelia (4.79, 1.77, and 0.43 g/100 g). 25194971 1 0 theme water-insoluble 179:193 arg1 polysaccharide 221:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide 179:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP) 179:240 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 1 0 theme water-insoluble 179:193 arg1 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 1 1 theme crude 195:199 arg1 polysaccharide 221:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide 179:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP) 179:240 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 1 1 theme crude 195:199 arg1 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 3 2 theme analysis 397:404 arg1 results 355:361 The results 351:361 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis 351:404 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 0 3 from Carboxymethylation 0:17 arg1 fuciformis 52:61 Tremella fuciformis 43:61 Tremella fuciformis 43:61 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 2 4 theme samples 324:330 arg1 antioxidant 270:280 antioxidant 270:280 antioxidant 270:280 And then the antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of the samples were investigated. 25194971 4 5 theme carboxymethylated 524:540 arg1 derivatives 542:552 four carboxymethylated derivatives 519:552 four carboxymethylated derivatives 519:552 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 7 6 theme biological 939:948 arg1 properties 950:959 their potential biological properties 923:959 their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide 923:981 Results proved that the carboxymethylation could effectively enhance their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide. 25194971 7 7 theme potential 929:937 arg1 properties 950:959 their potential biological properties 923:959 their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide 923:981 Results proved that the carboxymethylation could effectively enhance their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide. 25194971 5 8 theme DS 694:695 arg1 increase 682:689 the increase 678:689 the increase of DS 678:695 Their water solubility and biological activities were improved with the increase of DS. 25194971 1 9 theme Tremella 201:208 arg1 polysaccharide 221:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide 179:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP) 179:240 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 1 9 theme Tremella 201:208 arg1 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 3 10 theme FT-IR 391:395 arg1 analysis 397:404 FT-IR analysis 391:404 FT-IR analysis 391:404 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 0 11 from fuciformis 52:61 arg1 polysaccharides 22:36 polysaccharides 22:36 polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis 22:61 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 0 11 from fuciformis 52:61 arg1 Carboxymethylation 0:17 Carboxymethylation 0:17 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 0:113 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 5 12 theme biological 637:646 arg1 activities 648:657 biological activities 637:657 biological activities 637:657 Their water solubility and biological activities were improved with the increase of DS. 25194971 1 13 theme fuciformis 210:219 arg1 polysaccharide 221:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide 179:234 water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP) 179:240 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 1 13 theme fuciformis 210:219 arg1 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 ATP 237:239 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 4 14 theme derivatives 542:552 arg1 DS 512:513 DS 512:513 DS 512:513 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 4 14 theme derivatives 542:552 arg1 substitution 498:509 substitution 498:509 substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives 498:552 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 0 15 theme moisture-preserving 83:101 arg1 activities 103:112 antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities 67:112 antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities 67:112 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 6 16 theme CATPs 769:773 arg1 activities 755:764 moisture-preserving activities 735:764 moisture-preserving activities of CATPs 735:773 And moreover, a high antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of CATPs was observed, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25194971 6 16 theme CATPs 769:773 arg1 antioxidant 719:729 a high antioxidant 712:729 a high antioxidant 712:729 And moreover, a high antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of CATPs was observed, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25194971 1 17 theme carboxymethylated 119:135 arg1 CATP 153:156 CATP 153:156 CATP 153:156 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 1 17 theme carboxymethylated 119:135 arg1 polysaccharide 137:150 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide 115:150 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP) 115:157 The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. 25194971 3 18 theme carboxymethylated 417:433 arg1 modifications 435:447 the carboxymethylated modifications 413:447 the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide 413:465 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 6 19 theme moisture-preserving 735:753 arg1 activities 755:764 moisture-preserving activities 735:764 moisture-preserving activities of CATPs 735:773 And moreover, a high antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of CATPs was observed, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25194971 2 20 dep antioxidant 270:280 arg1 activities 306:315 activities 306:315 activities 306:315 And then the antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of the samples were investigated. 25194971 4 21 theme monochloroacetic 587:602 arg1 acid 604:607 monochloroacetic acid 587:607 monochloroacetic acid 587:607 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 0 22 theme Tremella 43:50 arg1 fuciformis 52:61 Tremella fuciformis 43:61 Tremella fuciformis 43:61 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 3 23 theme polysaccharide 452:465 arg1 modifications 435:447 the carboxymethylated modifications 413:447 the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide 413:465 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 3 24 theme composition 375:385 arg1 results 355:361 The results 351:361 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis 351:404 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 5 25 theme water 616:620 arg1 solubility 622:631 Their water solubility 610:631 Their water solubility 610:631 Their water solubility and biological activities were improved with the increase of DS. 25194971 4 26 theme acid 604:607 arg1 molar 578:582 molar 578:582 molar 578:582 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 6 27 theme high 714:717 arg1 antioxidant 719:729 a high antioxidant 712:729 a high antioxidant 712:729 And moreover, a high antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of CATPs was observed, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25194971 3 28 dep showed 406:411 arg1 successful 472:481 successful 472:481 successful 472:481 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 4 29 theme substitution 498:509 arg1 degree 488:493 The degree 484:493 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives 484:552 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 4 29 theme substitution 498:509 arg1 different 559:567 different 559:567 different 559:567 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 4 30 with different 559:567 arg1 molar 578:582 molar 578:582 molar 578:582 The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. 25194971 3 31 theme chemical 366:373 arg1 composition 375:385 chemical composition 366:385 chemical composition 366:385 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25194971 0 32 theme antioxidant 67:77 arg1 activities 103:112 antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities 67:112 antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities 67:112 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 0 33 theme polysaccharides 22:36 arg1 Carboxymethylation 0:17 Carboxymethylation 0:17 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 0:113 Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. 25194971 7 34 theme polysaccharide 968:981 arg1 properties 950:959 their potential biological properties 923:959 their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide 923:981 Results proved that the carboxymethylation could effectively enhance their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide. 25037426 5 0 theme Glucose 561:567 arg1 analysis 569:576 Glucose analysis 561:576 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography 561:607 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 4 1 from groups 529:534 arg1 chitosan 539:546 chitosan 539:546 chitosan (about 6.3) 539:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 3 2 theme solution 320:327 arg1 ratio 336:340 the solution uptake ratio 316:340 the solution uptake ratio of composites 316:354 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 4 3 theme swelling 465:472 arg1 ratio 474:478 a relatively high swelling ratio 447:478 a relatively high swelling ratio 447:478 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 4 4 theme amine 523:527 arg1 groups 529:534 amine groups 523:534 amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3) 523:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 3 5 theme uptake 329:334 arg1 ratio 336:340 the solution uptake ratio 316:340 the solution uptake ratio of composites 316:354 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 6 6 theme composites 814:823 arg1 microstructure 796:809 The microstructure 792:809 The microstructure of composites produced 792:832 The microstructure of composites produced was also investigated by FE-SEM. 25037426 5 7 theme ion 581:583 arg1 chromatography 594:607 ion exchange chromatography 581:607 ion exchange chromatography 581:607 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 5 8 theme composites 657:666 arg1 hydrolysis 638:647 little hydrolysis 631:647 little hydrolysis of such composites 631:666 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 5 9 theme chitosan 741:748 arg1 content 750:756 higher chitosan content 734:756 higher chitosan content 734:756 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 1 10 theme insoluble 74:82 arg1 biocomposite 84:95 An insoluble biocomposite 71:95 An insoluble biocomposite composed of potato starch and chitosan 71:134 An insoluble biocomposite composed of potato starch and chitosan was prepared by microwave treatment. 25037426 5 11 theme higher 768:773 arg1 ratios 784:789 higher swelling ratios 768:789 higher swelling ratios 768:789 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 5 12 theme pH 705:706 arg1 solution 708:715 the same pH solution 696:715 the same pH solution 696:715 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 4 13 from pK 514:515 arg1 chitosan 539:546 chitosan 539:546 chitosan (about 6.3) 539:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 5 14 theme swelling 775:782 arg1 ratios 784:789 higher swelling ratios 768:789 higher swelling ratios 768:789 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 0 15 theme starch 10:15 arg1 foams 27:31 Insoluble starch composite foams 0:31 Insoluble starch composite foams 0:31 Insoluble starch composite foams produced through microwave expansion. 25037426 5 16 with composites 718:727 arg1 content 750:756 higher chitosan content 734:756 higher chitosan content 734:756 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 3 17 theme pH 384:385 arg1 value 387:391 the aqueous pH value 372:391 the aqueous pH value 372:391 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 0 18 theme Insoluble 0:8 arg1 foams 27:31 Insoluble starch composite foams 0:31 Insoluble starch composite foams 0:31 Insoluble starch composite foams produced through microwave expansion. 25037426 1 19 theme potato 109:114 arg1 starch 116:121 potato starch 109:121 potato starch 109:121 An insoluble biocomposite composed of potato starch and chitosan was prepared by microwave treatment. 25037426 5 20 theme higher 734:739 arg1 content 750:756 higher chitosan content 734:756 higher chitosan content 734:756 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 0 21 theme composite 17:25 arg1 foams 27:31 Insoluble starch composite foams 0:31 Insoluble starch composite foams 0:31 Insoluble starch composite foams produced through microwave expansion. 25037426 2 22 theme pH 187:188 arg1 effect 177:182 The effect 173:182 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites 173:247 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites was investigated at pH 2, pH 6.8 and pH 12. 25037426 3 23 theme chitosan 416:423 arg1 value 387:391 the aqueous pH value 372:391 the aqueous pH value 372:391 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 3 23 theme chitosan 416:423 arg1 content 401:407 the content 397:407 the content of the chitosan 397:423 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 5 24 theme little 631:636 arg1 hydrolysis 638:647 little hydrolysis 631:647 little hydrolysis of such composites 631:666 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 3 25 theme aqueous 376:382 arg1 value 387:391 the aqueous pH value 372:391 the aqueous pH value 372:391 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 4 26 theme pH 483:484 arg1 environments 486:497 pH environments 483:497 pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3) 483:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 3 27 dep value 387:391 arg1 both 364:367 both 364:367 both 364:367 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 5 28 theme same 700:703 arg1 solution 708:715 the same pH solution 696:715 the same pH solution 696:715 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 5 29 theme exchange 585:592 arg1 chromatography 594:607 ion exchange chromatography 581:607 ion exchange chromatography 581:607 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25037426 0 30 theme microwave 50:58 arg1 expansion 60:68 microwave expansion 50:68 microwave expansion 50:68 Insoluble starch composite foams produced through microwave expansion. 25037426 4 31 theme lower 499:503 arg1 environments 486:497 pH environments 483:497 pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3) 483:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 2 32 theme liquid 203:208 arg1 behavior 222:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior 193:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites 193:247 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites was investigated at pH 2, pH 6.8 and pH 12. 25037426 2 33 theme absorption 210:219 arg1 behavior 222:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior 193:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites 193:247 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites was investigated at pH 2, pH 6.8 and pH 12. 25037426 4 34 dep chitosan 539:546 arg1 6.3 555:557 6.3 555:557 6.3 555:557 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 2 35 theme swelling 193:200 arg1 behavior 222:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior 193:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites 193:247 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites was investigated at pH 2, pH 6.8 and pH 12. 25037426 1 36 theme microwave 152:160 arg1 treatment 162:170 microwave treatment 152:170 microwave treatment 152:170 An insoluble biocomposite composed of potato starch and chitosan was prepared by microwave treatment. 25037426 4 37 theme groups 529:534 arg1 a 517:517 a 517:517 a 517:517 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 4 37 theme groups 529:534 arg1 pK 514:515 the pK 510:515 the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3) 510:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 2 38 from effect 177:182 arg1 behavior 222:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior 193:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites 193:247 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites was investigated at pH 2, pH 6.8 and pH 12. 25037426 2 39 theme composites 238:247 arg1 behavior 222:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior 193:229 swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites 193:247 The effect of pH on swelling (liquid absorption) behavior of the composites was investigated at pH 2, pH 6.8 and pH 12. 25037426 4 40 from chitosan 539:546 arg1 a 517:517 a 517:517 a 517:517 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 4 40 from chitosan 539:546 arg1 pK 514:515 the pK 510:515 the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3) 510:558 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 4 41 theme high 460:463 arg1 ratio 474:478 a relatively high swelling ratio 447:478 a relatively high swelling ratio 447:478 Composites exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio at pH environments lower than the pK(a) of amine groups on chitosan (about 6.3). 25037426 3 42 theme composites 345:354 arg1 ratio 336:340 the solution uptake ratio 316:340 the solution uptake ratio of composites 316:354 Analysis revealed that the solution uptake ratio of composites depends both on the aqueous pH value and the content of the chitosan. 25037426 5 43 theme such 652:655 arg1 composites 657:666 such composites 652:666 such composites 652:666 Glucose analysis by ion exchange chromatography showed that there was little hydrolysis of such composites at low pH. When immersed in the same pH solution, composites with higher chitosan content exhibited higher swelling ratios. 25981783 2 0 theme Plant 363:367 arg1 organs 369:374 Plant organs 363:374 Plant organs 363:374 Plant organs are generally resistant to gravitational acceleration. 25981783 1 1 dep nature 280:285 arg1 the 276:278 the 276:278 the 276:278 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 6 2 with fixed 865:869 arg1 solution 892:899 the RNAlater(®) solution 876:899 the RNAlater(®) solution 876:899 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 7 3 theme cellular 1283:1290 arg1 microtubules 1320:1331 cortical microtubules 1311:1331 cortical microtubules 1311:1331 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 7 3 theme cellular 1283:1290 arg1 components 1292:1301 cellular components 1283:1301 cellular components such as cortical microtubules 1283:1331 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 7 4 theme microscopic 1256:1266 arg1 observation 1268:1278 microscopic observation 1256:1278 microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules 1256:1331 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 4 5 theme appropriate 676:686 arg1 containers 703:712 appropriate sample storage containers 676:712 appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag 676:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 4 5 theme appropriate 676:686 arg1 Bag 744:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 6 6 theme wall 980:983 arg1 properties 957:966 the mechanical properties 942:966 the mechanical properties of the cell wall 942:983 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 6 7 theme cell 975:978 arg1 wall 980:983 the cell wall 971:983 the cell wall 971:983 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 0 8 from mechanisms 56:65 arg1 plants 70:75 plants 70:75 plants 70:75 Hypergravity experiments to evaluate gravity resistance mechanisms in plants. 25981783 5 9 theme experiment 838:847 arg1 purpose 823:829 the purpose 819:829 the purpose of the experiment 819:847 The material is then analyzed with a variety of methods, depending on the purpose of the experiment. 25981783 3 10 theme 10-300 × g 496:505 arg1 range 487:491 the range 483:491 the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, 483:557 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, is often used during plant experiments. 25981783 4 11 theme storage 695:701 arg1 containers 703:712 appropriate sample storage containers 676:712 appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag 676:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 4 11 theme storage 695:701 arg1 Bag 744:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 2 12 theme gravitational 403:415 arg1 acceleration 417:428 gravitational acceleration 403:428 gravitational acceleration 403:428 Plant organs are generally resistant to gravitational acceleration. 25981783 1 13 theme gravitational 185:197 arg1 acceleration 199:210 gravitational acceleration 185:210 gravitational acceleration 185:210 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 6 14 theme RNAlater 880:887 arg1 solution 892:899 the RNAlater(®) solution 876:899 the RNAlater(®) solution 876:899 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 3 15 theme plant 580:584 arg1 experiments 586:596 plant experiments 580:596 plant experiments 580:596 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, is often used during plant experiments. 25981783 6 16 theme ® 889:889 arg1 solution 892:899 the RNAlater(®) solution 876:899 the RNAlater(®) solution 876:899 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 1 17 theme acceleration 199:210 arg1 magnitude 172:180 the magnitude 168:180 the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth 168:245 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 0 18 theme Hypergravity 0:11 arg1 experiments 13:23 Hypergravity experiments 0:23 Hypergravity experiments 0:23 Hypergravity experiments to evaluate gravity resistance mechanisms in plants. 25981783 6 19 theme polysaccharides 1190:1204 arg1 compositions 1164:1175 the compositions 1160:1175 the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides 1138:1204 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 6 19 theme polysaccharides 1190:1204 arg1 levels 1142:1147 the levels 1138:1147 the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides 1138:1204 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 1 20 theme centrifugal 104:114 arg1 acceleration 116:127 centrifugal acceleration 104:127 centrifugal acceleration 104:127 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 4 21 from fixatives 663:671 arg1 containers 703:712 appropriate sample storage containers 676:712 appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag 676:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 4 21 from fixatives 663:671 arg1 Bag 744:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 3 22 theme centrifugation 458:471 arg1 speeds 473:478 centrifugation speeds 458:478 centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, 458:557 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, is often used during plant experiments. 25981783 6 23 used used 921:924 arg2 material 856:863 Plant material 850:863 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution 850:899 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 6 24 theme proteins 1108:1115 arg1 activity 1082:1089 the enzyme activity 1071:1089 the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins 1071:1115 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 6 25 theme gene 1029:1032 arg1 analysis 1045:1052 gene expression analysis 1029:1052 gene expression analysis 1029:1052 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 7 26 used used 1238:1241 arg2 material 1217:1224 The plant material 1207:1224 The plant material 1207:1224 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 6 27 theme wall 1103:1106 arg1 proteins 1108:1115 the cell wall proteins 1094:1115 the cell wall proteins 1094:1115 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 1 28 theme sufficient 218:227 arg1 duration 229:236 a sufficient duration 216:236 a sufficient duration on Earth 216:245 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 0 29 theme resistance 45:54 arg1 mechanisms 56:65 gravity resistance mechanisms 37:65 gravity resistance mechanisms in plants 37:75 Hypergravity experiments to evaluate gravity resistance mechanisms in plants. 25981783 6 30 theme mechanical 946:955 arg1 properties 957:966 the mechanical properties 942:966 the mechanical properties of the cell wall 942:983 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 6 31 theme wall 1185:1188 arg1 polysaccharides 1190:1204 cell wall polysaccharides 1180:1204 cell wall polysaccharides 1180:1204 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 4 32 theme sample 688:693 arg1 containers 703:712 appropriate sample storage containers 676:712 appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag 676:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 4 32 theme sample 688:693 arg1 Bag 744:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 0 33 theme gravity 37:43 arg1 mechanisms 56:65 gravity resistance mechanisms 37:65 gravity resistance mechanisms in plants 37:75 Hypergravity experiments to evaluate gravity resistance mechanisms in plants. 25981783 1 34 theme graviresponse 304:316 arg1 mechanism 291:299 mechanism 291:299 mechanism 291:299 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 1 34 theme graviresponse 304:316 arg1 nature 280:285 nature 280:285 nature 280:285 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 5 35 theme methods 797:803 arg1 methods 797:803 methods 797:803 methods 797:803 The material is then analyzed with a variety of methods, depending on the purpose of the experiment. 25981783 5 35 theme methods 797:803 arg1 variety 786:792 a variety 784:792 a variety of methods 784:803 The material is then analyzed with a variety of methods, depending on the purpose of the experiment. 25981783 6 36 theme fixed 865:869 arg1 material 856:863 Plant material 850:863 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution 850:899 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 6 37 theme cell 1180:1183 arg1 polysaccharides 1190:1204 cell wall polysaccharides 1180:1204 cell wall polysaccharides 1180:1204 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 1 38 from duration 229:236 arg1 Earth 241:245 Earth 241:245 Earth 241:245 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 4 39 theme suitable 654:661 arg1 fixatives 663:671 suitable fixatives 654:671 suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag 654:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 1 40 used used 260:263 arg2 method 151:156 the only practical method 132:156 the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth 132:245 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 1 40 used used 260:263 arg2 Hypergravity 78:89 Hypergravity 78:89 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration 78:127 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 6 41 theme enzyme 1075:1080 arg1 activity 1082:1089 the enzyme activity 1071:1089 the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins 1071:1115 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 4 42 theme Fixation 735:742 arg1 Bag 744:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 6 43 theme Plant 850:854 arg1 material 856:863 Plant material 850:863 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution 850:899 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 4 44 theme Chemical 726:733 arg1 Bag 744:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 the Chemical Fixation Bag 722:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 1 45 theme gravity 332:338 arg1 resistance 340:349 gravity resistance 332:349 gravity resistance 332:349 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 7 46 theme cortical 1311:1318 arg1 microtubules 1320:1331 cortical microtubules 1311:1331 cortical microtubules 1311:1331 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 1 47 theme practical 141:149 arg1 Hypergravity 78:89 Hypergravity 78:89 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration 78:127 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 1 47 theme practical 141:149 arg1 method 151:156 the only practical method 132:156 the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth 132:245 Hypergravity generated by centrifugal acceleration is the only practical method to modify the magnitude of gravitational acceleration for a sufficient duration on Earth and has been used to analyze the nature and mechanism of graviresponse, particularly gravity resistance, in plants. 25981783 4 48 theme plant 625:629 arg1 fixed 643:647 fixed 643:647 fixed 643:647 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 4 48 theme plant 625:629 arg1 material 631:638 the plant material 621:638 the plant material 621:638 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 6 49 theme expression 1034:1043 arg1 analysis 1045:1052 gene expression analysis 1029:1052 gene expression analysis 1029:1052 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 7 50 theme plant 1211:1215 arg1 material 1217:1224 The plant material 1207:1224 The plant material 1207:1224 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 6 51 theme cell 1098:1101 arg1 proteins 1108:1115 the cell wall proteins 1094:1115 the cell wall proteins 1094:1115 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 25981783 4 52 with fixed 643:647 arg1 fixatives 663:671 suitable fixatives 654:671 suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag 654:746 After centrifugation, the plant material is fixed with suitable fixatives in appropriate sample storage containers such as the Chemical Fixation Bag. 25981783 3 53 used used 568:571 arg2 Hypergravity 431:442 Hypergravity 431:442 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, 431:557 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, is often used during plant experiments. 25981783 7 54 theme components 1292:1301 arg1 observation 1268:1278 microscopic observation 1256:1278 microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules 1256:1331 The plant material can also be used directly for microscopic observation of cellular components such as cortical microtubules. 25981783 3 55 from speeds 473:478 arg1 range 487:491 the range 483:491 the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, 483:557 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, is often used during plant experiments. 25981783 3 56 theme benchtop 538:545 arg1 centrifuge 547:556 a benchtop centrifuge 536:556 a benchtop centrifuge 536:556 Hypergravity produced from centrifugation speeds in the range of 10-300 × g, which is easily produced by a benchtop centrifuge, is often used during plant experiments. 25981783 6 57 theme RNA 990:992 arg1 extraction 994:1003 RNA extraction 990:1003 RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis) 990:1053 Plant material fixed with the RNAlater(®) solution can be sequentially used for determining the mechanical properties of the cell wall, for RNA extraction (which is necessary for gene expression analysis), for estimating the enzyme activity of the cell wall proteins, and for determining the levels as well as the compositions of cell wall polysaccharides. 28178377 0 0 theme Flammulina 98:107 arg1 Mushrooms 87:95 Edible Mushrooms 80:95 Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) 80:118 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 0 0 theme Flammulina 98:107 arg1 velutipes 109:117 Flammulina velutipes 98:117 Flammulina velutipes 98:117 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 6 1 contain have 1043:1046 arg2 applications 1064:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 1 contain have 1043:1046 arg2 agents 1142:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 1 contain have 1043:1046 arg2 carriers 1164:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 1 contain have 1043:1046 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 1 contain have 1043:1046 arg2 emulsifiers 1115:1125 emulsifiers 1115:1125 emulsifiers 1115:1125 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 2 theme velutipes-derived 995:1011 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 1 3 theme edible 265:270 arg1 nanomaterial 272:283 satisfied edible nanomaterial 255:283 satisfied edible nanomaterial 255:283 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 1 4 from industries 176:185 arg1 relevant 147:154 relevant 147:154 relevant 147:154 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 2 5 theme cold 354:357 arg1 alkali 359:364 hot water or cold alkali 341:364 alkali 359:364 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 5 6 theme storage 893:899 arg1 differences 878:888 differences 878:888 differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions 878:955 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 6 7 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 emulsifiers 1115:1125 emulsifiers 1115:1125 emulsifiers 1115:1125 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 7 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 agents 1142:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 7 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 applications 1064:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 7 theme potential 1054:1062 arg1 carriers 1164:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 3 8 theme resultant 552:560 arg1 nanoparticles 562:574 The resultant nanoparticles 548:574 The resultant nanoparticles 548:574 The resultant nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, GC-MS (for its main compositions), FTIR, XRD, and TG. 28178377 2 9 theme polysaccharide 391:404 arg1 nanoparticles 406:418 insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles 381:418 insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles 381:418 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 2 10 theme pressure 484:491 arg1 homogenization 493:506 high pressure homogenization 479:506 high pressure homogenization 479:506 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 1 11 from relevant 147:154 arg1 industries 176:185 the food-related industries 159:185 the food-related industries 159:185 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 4 12 theme increasing 764:773 arg1 order 775:779 an increasing order 761:779 an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 761:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 2 13 theme insoluble 381:389 arg1 nanoparticles 406:418 insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles 381:418 insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles 381:418 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 2 14 theme wet 463:465 arg1 milling 467:473 wet milling 463:473 wet milling 463:473 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 6 15 link velutipes-derived 995:1011 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 5 16 theme dynamical 841:849 arg1 results 863:869 the dynamical rheological results 837:869 the dynamical rheological results 837:869 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 2 17 theme different 316:324 arg1 pretreatments 326:338 3 different pretreatments 314:338 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) 314:379 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 5 18 theme rheological 851:861 arg1 results 863:869 the dynamical rheological results 837:869 the dynamical rheological results 837:869 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 5 19 theme dispersions 945:955 arg1 moduli 920:925 moduli 920:925 moduli of these particle dispersions 920:955 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 4 20 dep non-Newtonian 702:714 arg1 shear-thinning 717:730 shear-thinning 717:730 shear-thinning 717:730 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 6 21 theme great 1048:1052 arg1 emulsifiers 1115:1125 emulsifiers 1115:1125 emulsifiers 1115:1125 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 21 theme great 1048:1052 arg1 agents 1142:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 21 theme great 1048:1052 arg1 applications 1064:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 21 theme great 1048:1052 arg1 carriers 1164:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 22 theme polysaccharides 1013:1027 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 2 23 theme Flammulina 439:448 arg1 velutipes 450:458 Flammulina velutipes 439:458 Flammulina velutipes 439:458 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 5 24 dep storage 893:899 arg1 moduli 920:925 moduli 920:925 moduli of these particle dispersions 920:955 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 4 25 theme nanoparticle 667:678 arg1 dispersions 680:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions 657:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions 657:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 4 26 theme % 665:665 arg1 dispersions 680:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions 657:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions 657:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 0 27 theme Polysaccharide 46:59 arg1 Nanoparticles 61:73 Polysaccharide Nanoparticles 46:73 Polysaccharide Nanoparticles 46:73 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 6 28 theme Flammulina 984:993 arg1 nanoparticles 1029:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles 980:1041 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 4 29 theme cold 801:804 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 6 30 theme bioactive 1154:1162 arg1 applications 1064:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 30 theme bioactive 1154:1162 arg1 carriers 1164:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 bioactive carriers 1154:1171 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 1 31 theme potential 218:226 arg1 mushrooms 199:207 edible mushrooms 192:207 edible mushrooms 192:207 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 1 31 theme potential 218:226 arg1 material 232:239 a potential raw material 216:239 a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial 216:283 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 2 32 theme high 479:482 arg1 homogenization 493:506 high pressure homogenization 479:506 high pressure homogenization 479:506 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 0 33 from Mushrooms 87:95 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 0 33 from Mushrooms 87:95 arg1 Properties 32:41 Rheological Properties 20:41 Rheological Properties 20:41 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 3 34 theme main 618:621 arg1 compositions 623:634 its main compositions 614:634 its main compositions 614:634 The resultant nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, GC-MS (for its main compositions), FTIR, XRD, and TG. 28178377 1 35 theme raw 228:230 arg1 mushrooms 199:207 edible mushrooms 192:207 edible mushrooms 192:207 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 1 35 theme raw 228:230 arg1 material 232:239 a potential raw material 216:239 a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial 216:283 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 4 36 theme < 813:813 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 6 37 theme food 1084:1087 arg1 industry 1089:1096 the food industry 1080:1096 the food industry 1080:1096 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 4 38 theme non-Newtonian 702:714 arg1 fluids 732:737 non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids 702:737 non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids 702:737 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 0 39 theme Nanoparticles 61:73 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 0 39 theme Nanoparticles 61:73 arg1 Properties 32:41 Rheological Properties 20:41 Rheological Properties 20:41 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 4 40 theme hot 815:817 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 4 41 theme alkali 806:811 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 4 42 theme hot 789:791 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 4 43 from viscosity 748:756 arg1 order 775:779 an increasing order 761:779 an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 761:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 4 44 theme < 799:799 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 2 45 theme hot 341:343 arg1 water 345:349 hot water or cold alkali 341:364 water 345:349 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 5 46 theme loss 910:913 arg1 differences 878:888 differences 878:888 differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions 878:955 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 6 47 theme reinforcement 1128:1140 arg1 agents 1142:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 reinforcement agents 1128:1147 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 6 47 theme reinforcement 1128:1140 arg1 applications 1064:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 great potential applications 1048:1075 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 5 48 theme particle 936:943 arg1 dispersions 945:955 these particle dispersions 930:955 these particle dispersions 930:955 Moreover, the dynamical rheological results showed differences of storage (G') and loss (G″) moduli of these particle dispersions. 28178377 4 49 theme wt 663:664 arg1 dispersions 680:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions 657:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions 657:690 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 2 50 dep pretreatments 326:338 arg1 water 345:349 hot water or cold alkali 341:364 water 345:349 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 2 50 dep pretreatments 326:338 arg1 alkali 359:364 hot water or cold alkali 341:364 alkali 359:364 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 2 50 dep pretreatments 326:338 arg1 alkali 373:378 hot alkali 369:378 hot alkali 369:378 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 4 51 theme water 793:797 arg1 alkali 819:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali 785:824 The 1 wt% nanoparticle dispersions presented non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluids with the viscosity in an increasing order for the hot water < cold alkali < hot alkali. 28178377 6 52 from applications 1064:1075 arg1 industry 1089:1096 the food industry 1080:1096 the food industry 1080:1096 It was concluded that the Flammulina velutipes-derived polysaccharides nanoparticles have great potential applications in the food industry, for example, as emulsifiers, reinforcement agents, and bioactive carriers. 28178377 2 53 theme hot 369:371 arg1 alkali 373:378 hot alkali 369:378 hot alkali 369:378 In this study, by following 3 different pretreatments (hot water or cold alkali or hot alkali) insoluble polysaccharide nanoparticles were prepared from Flammulina velutipes by wet milling and high pressure homogenization and their properties were investigated. 28178377 1 54 theme edible 192:197 arg1 mushrooms 199:207 edible mushrooms 192:207 edible mushrooms 192:207 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 1 54 theme edible 192:197 arg1 material 232:239 a potential raw material 216:239 a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial 216:283 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 0 55 theme Edible 80:85 arg1 Mushrooms 87:95 Edible Mushrooms 80:95 Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes) 80:118 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 0 55 theme Edible 80:85 arg1 velutipes 109:117 Flammulina velutipes 98:117 Flammulina velutipes 98:117 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 0 56 theme Rheological 20:30 arg1 Properties 32:41 Rheological Properties 20:41 Rheological Properties 20:41 Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Edible Mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). 28178377 1 57 theme food-related 163:174 arg1 industries 176:185 the food-related industries 159:185 the food-related industries 159:185 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 28178377 1 58 theme satisfied 255:263 arg1 nanomaterial 272:283 satisfied edible nanomaterial 255:283 satisfied edible nanomaterial 255:283 Nanotechnology has become relevant in the food-related industries, and edible mushrooms can be a potential raw material for providing satisfied edible nanomaterial. 25257694 15 0 theme activity 1397:1404 arg1 mechanisms 1371:1380 the mechanisms 1367:1380 the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue 1367:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 15 1 theme Nrf2 1441:1444 arg1 pathway 1446:1452 the Nrf2 pathway 1437:1452 the Nrf2 pathway 1437:1452 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 9 2 from arabinose 653:661 arg1 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 5 3 theme hepatoprotective 310:325 arg1 effect 327:332 hepatoprotective effect 310:332 hepatoprotective effect 310:332 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) is evaluated for the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect. 25257694 15 4 from mechanisms 1371:1380 arg1 tissue 1463:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 2 5 dep Bunge 105:109 arg1 ex 115:116 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp 96:137 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp. 96:138 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp. 25257694 2 5 dep Bunge 105:109 arg1 sarcocarp 129:137 sarcocarp 129:137 sarcocarp 129:137 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp. 25257694 15 6 theme antioxidant 1385:1395 arg1 activity 1397:1404 antioxidant activity 1385:1404 antioxidant activity 1385:1404 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 9 7 from galactose 704:712 arg1 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 5 8 dep Bunge 201:205 arg1 sarcocarp 225:233 sarcocarp 225:233 sarcocarp 225:233 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) is evaluated for the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect. 25257694 5 8 dep Bunge 201:205 arg1 ex 211:212 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp 192:233 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) 192:240 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) is evaluated for the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect. 25257694 12 9 dep enzymes 916:922 arg1 CAT 933:935 CAT 933:935 CAT 933:935 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 12 9 dep enzymes 916:922 arg1 SOD 925:927 SOD 925:927 SOD 925:927 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 12 9 dep enzymes 916:922 arg1 enzymes 916:922 antioxidant enzymes 904:922 antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) 904:936 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 0 10 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Mill 85:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 6 11 theme HPLC 401:404 arg1 analysis 406:413 HPLC analysis 401:413 HPLC analysis 401:413 The characteristics of PWJS were determined by FT-IR spectral and HPLC analysis. 25257694 3 12 theme Ziziphus 165:172 arg1 Mill 181:184 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 165:184 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 165:184 The polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 11 13 theme PWJS 799:802 arg1 treatment 804:812 PWJS treatment 799:812 PWJS treatment 799:812 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 13 14 from expression 1136:1145 arg1 mice 1186:1189 liver damage mice 1173:1189 liver damage mice 1173:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 12 15 theme GSH 942:944 arg1 levels 894:899 levels 894:899 levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH 894:944 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 11 16 theme in 784:785 arg1 study 792:796 the in vivo study 780:796 the in vivo study 780:796 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 10 17 theme strong 739:744 arg1 activity 758:765 strong antioxidant activity 739:765 strong antioxidant activity 739:765 PWJS displayed strong antioxidant activity in vitro. 25257694 15 18 from activity 1397:1404 arg1 tissue 1463:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 9 19 from glucose 635:641 arg1 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 8 20 theme in 485:486 arg1 study 493:497 An in vivo study 482:497 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury 482:539 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury was also conducted. 25257694 7 21 theme in 464:465 arg1 systems 473:479 in vitro systems 464:479 in vitro systems 464:479 The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro systems. 25257694 13 22 theme GSTα 1156:1159 arg1 expression 1136:1145 the protein expression 1124:1145 the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice 1124:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 15 23 from augmentation 1421:1432 arg1 tissue 1463:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 6 24 theme FT-IR 382:386 arg1 spectral 388:395 FT-IR spectral 382:395 FT-IR spectral 382:395 The characteristics of PWJS were determined by FT-IR spectral and HPLC analysis. 25257694 15 25 theme CCl4-intoxicated 1337:1352 arg1 mice 1354:1357 CCl4-intoxicated mice 1337:1357 CCl4-intoxicated mice 1337:1357 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 9 26 theme HPLC 561:564 arg1 analysis 566:573 HPLC analysis 561:573 HPLC analysis 561:573 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 acid 686:689 galacturonic acid 673:689 galacturonic acid (17.64%) 673:698 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 glucose 635:641 glucose 635:641 glucose (38.59%) 635:650 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 galactose 704:712 galactose 704:712 galactose (10.44%) 704:721 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 % 720:720 10.44% 715:720 10.44% 715:720 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 % 669:669 23.16% 664:669 23.16% 664:669 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 % 697:697 17.64% 692:697 17.64% 692:697 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 % 649:649 38.59% 644:649 38.59% 644:649 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 27 from rich 627:630 arg1 arabinose 653:661 arabinose 653:661 arabinose (23.16%) 653:670 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 13 28 theme Nrf2 1082:1085 arg1 translocation 1095:1107 Nrf2 nuclear translocation 1082:1107 Nrf2 nuclear translocation 1082:1107 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 15 29 theme augmentation 1421:1432 arg1 mechanisms 1371:1380 the mechanisms 1367:1380 the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue 1367:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 3 30 theme jujuba 174:179 arg1 Mill 181:184 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 165:184 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 165:184 The polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 9 31 from acid 686:689 arg1 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 rich 627:630 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 15 32 from tissue 1463:1468 arg1 mechanisms 1371:1380 the mechanisms 1367:1380 the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue 1367:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 5 33 theme antioxidant 285:295 arg1 activity 297:304 antioxidant activity 285:304 antioxidant activity 285:304 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) is evaluated for the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect. 25257694 8 34 theme PWJS 502:505 arg1 study 493:497 An in vivo study 482:497 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury 482:539 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury was also conducted. 25257694 14 35 theme liver 1248:1252 arg1 damage 1254:1259 liver damage 1248:1259 liver damage 1248:1259 Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the condition of liver damage was mitigated. 25257694 8 36 dep in 485:486 arg1 vivo 488:491 vivo 488:491 vivo 488:491 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury was also conducted. 25257694 0 37 theme hepatoprotective 21:36 arg1 effect 38:43 hepatoprotective effect 21:43 hepatoprotective effect 21:43 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 11 38 theme serum 826:830 arg1 levels 832:837 the serum levels 822:837 the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice 822:877 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 11 39 dep in 784:785 arg1 vivo 787:790 vivo 787:790 vivo 787:790 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 13 40 theme protein 1128:1134 arg1 expression 1136:1145 the protein expression 1124:1145 the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice 1124:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 14 41 theme damage 1254:1259 arg1 condition 1235:1243 the condition 1231:1243 the condition of liver damage 1231:1259 Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the condition of liver damage was mitigated. 25257694 0 42 theme polysaccharides 48:62 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 0 42 theme polysaccharides 48:62 arg1 effect 38:43 hepatoprotective effect 21:43 hepatoprotective effect 21:43 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 12 43 theme enzymes 916:922 arg1 levels 894:899 levels 894:899 levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH 894:944 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 12 44 theme damage 969:974 arg1 mice 976:979 liver damage mice 963:979 liver damage mice 963:979 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 13 45 theme damage 1179:1184 arg1 mice 1186:1189 liver damage mice 1173:1189 liver damage mice 1173:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 12 46 theme antioxidant 904:914 arg1 CAT 933:935 CAT 933:935 CAT 933:935 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 12 46 theme antioxidant 904:914 arg1 SOD 925:927 SOD 925:927 SOD 925:927 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 12 46 theme antioxidant 904:914 arg1 enzymes 916:922 antioxidant enzymes 904:922 antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) 904:936 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 0 47 from Mill 85:88 arg1 polysaccharides 48:62 polysaccharides 48:62 polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill 48:88 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 0 47 from Mill 85:88 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 0 47 from Mill 85:88 arg1 effect 38:43 hepatoprotective effect 21:43 hepatoprotective effect 21:43 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 6 48 theme PWJS 358:361 arg1 characteristics 339:353 The characteristics 335:353 The characteristics of PWJS 335:361 The characteristics of PWJS were determined by FT-IR spectral and HPLC analysis. 25257694 7 49 theme antioxidant 420:430 arg1 activity 432:439 The antioxidant activity 416:439 The antioxidant activity 416:439 The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro systems. 25257694 0 50 theme Ziziphus 69:76 arg1 Mill 85:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 11 51 theme CCl4-intoxicated 857:872 arg1 mice 874:877 CCl4-intoxicated mice 857:877 CCl4-intoxicated mice 857:877 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 11 52 theme ALT 842:844 arg1 levels 832:837 the serum levels 822:837 the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice 822:877 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 8 53 theme liver 528:532 arg1 injury 534:539 CCl4 induced liver injury 515:539 CCl4 induced liver injury 515:539 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury was also conducted. 25257694 9 54 theme acidic 598:603 arg1 PWJS 587:590 PWJS 587:590 PWJS 587:590 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 54 theme acidic 598:603 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 605:624 an acidic heteropolysaccharide 595:624 an acidic heteropolysaccharide 595:624 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 12 55 theme liver 963:967 arg1 damage 969:974 liver damage 963:974 liver damage mice 963:979 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 5 56 theme chemical 263:270 arg1 composition 272:282 the chemical composition 259:282 the chemical composition 259:282 spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou sarcocarp (PWJS) is evaluated for the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect. 25257694 15 57 from hepatotoxicity 1319:1332 arg1 mice 1354:1357 CCl4-intoxicated mice 1337:1357 CCl4-intoxicated mice 1337:1357 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 13 58 theme nuclear 1087:1093 arg1 translocation 1095:1107 Nrf2 nuclear translocation 1082:1107 Nrf2 nuclear translocation 1082:1107 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 8 59 theme induced 520:526 arg1 injury 534:539 CCl4 induced liver injury 515:539 CCl4 induced liver injury 515:539 An in vivo study of PWJS against CCl4 induced liver injury was also conducted. 25257694 3 60 from Mill 181:184 arg1 polysaccharides 144:158 The polysaccharides 140:158 The polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill 140:184 The polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 11 61 theme AST 850:852 arg1 levels 832:837 the serum levels 822:837 the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice 822:877 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 13 62 theme HO-1 1150:1153 arg1 expression 1136:1145 the protein expression 1124:1145 the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice 1124:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 13 63 theme translocation 1095:1107 arg1 suppression 1067:1077 the suppression 1063:1077 the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation 1063:1107 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 9 64 theme galacturonic 673:684 arg1 acid 686:689 galacturonic acid 673:689 galacturonic acid (17.64%) 673:698 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 64 theme galacturonic 673:684 arg1 % 697:697 17.64% 692:697 17.64% 692:697 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 10 65 theme antioxidant 746:756 arg1 activity 758:765 strong antioxidant activity 739:765 strong antioxidant activity 739:765 PWJS displayed strong antioxidant activity in vitro. 25257694 14 66 theme Hematoxylin-eosin 1192:1208 arg1 staining 1210:1217 Hematoxylin-eosin staining 1192:1217 Hematoxylin-eosin staining 1192:1217 Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the condition of liver damage was mitigated. 25257694 15 67 theme liver 1457:1461 arg1 tissue 1463:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 liver tissue 1457:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 9 68 theme rich 627:630 arg1 PWJS 587:590 PWJS 587:590 PWJS 587:590 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 9 68 theme rich 627:630 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 605:624 an acidic heteropolysaccharide 595:624 an acidic heteropolysaccharide 595:624 HPLC analysis showed that PWJS is an acidic heteropolysaccharide, rich in glucose (38.59%), arabinose (23.16%), galacturonic acid (17.64%) and galactose (10.44%). 25257694 13 69 theme NQO1 1165:1168 arg1 expression 1136:1145 the protein expression 1124:1145 the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice 1124:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 25257694 12 70 theme MDA 1020:1022 arg1 content 1009:1015 content 1009:1015 content of MDA 1009:1022 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 7 71 dep in 464:465 arg1 vitro 467:471 vitro 467:471 vitro 467:471 The antioxidant activity was investigated using in vitro systems. 25257694 0 72 theme jujuba 78:83 arg1 Mill 85:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 0 73 from effect 38:43 arg1 Mill 85:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Ziziphus jujuba Mill 69:88 Characterization and hepatoprotective effect of polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba Mill. 25257694 12 74 theme PWJS 984:987 arg1 intervention 989:1000 PWJS intervention 984:1000 PWJS intervention 984:1000 Additionally, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) and GSH were elevated in liver damage mice by PWJS intervention, while content of MDA was lessened. 25257694 15 75 theme pathway 1446:1452 arg1 activity 1397:1404 antioxidant activity 1385:1404 antioxidant activity 1385:1404 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 15 75 theme pathway 1446:1452 arg1 augmentation 1421:1432 an augmentation 1418:1432 an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue 1418:1468 This study demonstrates that PWJS reverses hepatotoxicity in CCl4-intoxicated mice through the mechanisms of antioxidant activity, as well as an augmentation of the Nrf2 pathway in liver tissue. 25257694 11 76 from levels 832:837 arg1 mice 874:877 CCl4-intoxicated mice 857:877 CCl4-intoxicated mice 857:877 In the in vivo study, PWJS treatment lowered the serum levels of ALT and AST in CCl4-intoxicated mice. 25257694 13 77 theme liver 1173:1177 arg1 damage 1179:1184 liver damage 1173:1184 liver damage mice 1173:1189 Meanwhile, PWJS reverses the suppression of Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increases the protein expression of HO-1, GSTα and NQO1 in liver damage mice. 27139508 9 0 theme T-cells 1277:1283 arg1 proliferation 1240:1252 the proliferation 1236:1252 the proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells 1236:1283 Cocosolide also suppressed the proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27139508 7 1 theme independent 1091:1101 arg1 manners 1103:1109 both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners 1056:1109 both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners 1056:1109 Compounds 1 and 26 potently inhibited IL-2 production in both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners. 27139508 5 2 theme 1 800:800 arg1 structure 779:787 the structure 775:787 the structure of natural 1 775:800 We performed the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) along with its [α,α]-anomer (26) and macrocyclic core (28), thus leading to the confirmation of the structure of natural 1. 27139508 4 3 theme Myriastra 568:576 arg1 clavosa 578:584 the sponge Myriastra clavosa 557:584 the sponge Myriastra clavosa 557:584 Its carbon skeleton closely resembles that of clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa, for which no bioactivity is known. 27139508 0 4 theme Immunosuppressive 63:79 arg1 Activity 81:88 the Immunosuppressive Activity 59:88 the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide 59:102 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 6 5 theme convergent 807:816 arg1 synthesis 818:826 The convergent synthesis 803:826 The convergent synthesis 803:826 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 0 6 from Cyanobacteria 160:172 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 6 from Cyanobacteria 160:172 arg1 Dimer 142:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer 105:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria 105:172 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 7 theme Cocosolide 93:102 arg1 Activity 81:88 the Immunosuppressive Activity 59:88 the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide 59:102 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 5 8 theme first 639:643 arg1 synthesis 651:659 the first total synthesis 635:659 the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) 635:677 We performed the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) along with its [α,α]-anomer (26) and macrocyclic core (28), thus leading to the confirmation of the structure of natural 1. 27139508 9 9 theme dose-dependent 1290:1303 arg1 manner 1305:1310 a dose-dependent manner 1288:1310 a dose-dependent manner 1288:1310 Cocosolide also suppressed the proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27139508 5 10 theme total 645:649 arg1 synthesis 651:659 the first total synthesis 635:659 the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) 635:677 We performed the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) along with its [α,α]-anomer (26) and macrocyclic core (28), thus leading to the confirmation of the structure of natural 1. 27139508 6 11 theme cyclopropanation 854:869 arg1 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 11 theme cyclopropanation 854:869 arg1 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 11 theme cyclopropanation 854:869 arg1 reaction 932:939 Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction 837:939 reaction 932:939 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 11 theme cyclopropanation 854:869 arg1 glycosidation 954:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 11 theme cyclopropanation 854:869 arg1 glycosidation 984:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 4 12 attach isolated 543:550 arg1 clavosa 578:584 the sponge Myriastra clavosa 557:584 the sponge Myriastra clavosa 557:584 Its carbon skeleton closely resembles that of clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa, for which no bioactivity is known. 27139508 4 12 attach isolated 543:550 arg2 A-D 539:541 clavosolides A-D 526:541 clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa 526:584 Its carbon skeleton closely resembles that of clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa, for which no bioactivity is known. 27139508 1 13 theme marine 253:258 arg1 cyanobacterium 260:273 the marine cyanobacterium 249:273 the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp 249:313 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 3 14 theme diffraction 406:416 arg1 studies 418:424 X-ray diffraction studies 400:424 X-ray diffraction studies 400:424 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 8 15 theme intact 1183:1188 arg1 structure 1198:1206 the intact dimeric structure 1179:1206 the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure 1135:1206 Full activity requires the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure. 27139508 8 16 theme sugar 1155:1159 arg1 moiety 1161:1166 the sugar moiety 1151:1166 the sugar moiety 1151:1166 Full activity requires the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure. 27139508 1 17 theme new 177:179 arg1 cocosolide 215:224 cocosolide (1) 215:228 cocosolide (1) 215:228 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 1 17 theme new 177:179 arg1 xylopyranoside 199:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 3 18 theme NMR 376:378 arg1 spectroscopy 380:391 NMR spectroscopy 376:391 NMR spectroscopy 376:391 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 1 19 theme dimeric 181:187 arg1 cocosolide 215:224 cocosolide (1) 215:228 cocosolide (1) 215:228 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 1 19 theme dimeric 181:187 arg1 xylopyranoside 199:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 3 20 theme spectroscopy 380:391 arg1 combination 361:371 a combination 359:371 a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product 359:477 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 6 21 theme macrocyclization/dimerization 902:930 arg1 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 21 theme macrocyclization/dimerization 902:930 arg1 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 21 theme macrocyclization/dimerization 902:930 arg1 reaction 932:939 Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction 837:939 reaction 932:939 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 21 theme macrocyclization/dimerization 902:930 arg1 glycosidation 954:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 21 theme macrocyclization/dimerization 902:930 arg1 glycosidation 984:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 1 22 theme macrolide 189:197 arg1 cocosolide 215:224 cocosolide (1) 215:228 cocosolide (1) 215:228 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 1 22 theme macrolide 189:197 arg1 xylopyranoside 199:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 0 23 theme Glycosylated 119:130 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 23 theme Glycosylated 119:130 arg1 Dimer 142:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer 105:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria 105:172 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 24 theme Total 11:15 arg1 Synthesis 17:25 Total Synthesis 11:25 Total Synthesis 11:25 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 25 theme Symmetrical 107:117 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 25 theme Symmetrical 107:117 arg1 Dimer 142:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer 105:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria 105:172 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 4 26 theme sponge 561:566 arg1 clavosa 578:584 the sponge Myriastra clavosa 557:584 the sponge Myriastra clavosa 557:584 Its carbon skeleton closely resembles that of clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa, for which no bioactivity is known. 27139508 9 27 theme anti-CD3-stimulated 1257:1275 arg1 T-cells 1277:1283 anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells 1257:1283 anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells 1257:1283 Cocosolide also suppressed the proliferation of anti-CD3-stimulated T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. 27139508 0 28 theme Key 31:33 arg1 Elements 46:53 Key Structural Elements 31:53 Key Structural Elements 31:53 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 6 29 theme annulation 880:889 arg1 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 29 theme annulation 880:889 arg1 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 29 theme annulation 880:889 arg1 reaction 932:939 Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction 837:939 reaction 932:939 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 29 theme annulation 880:889 arg1 glycosidation 954:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 29 theme annulation 880:889 arg1 glycosidation 984:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 5 30 theme structure 779:787 arg1 confirmation 759:770 the confirmation 755:770 the confirmation of the structure of natural 1 755:800 We performed the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) along with its [α,α]-anomer (26) and macrocyclic core (28), thus leading to the confirmation of the structure of natural 1. 27139508 3 31 theme X-ray 400:404 arg1 studies 418:424 X-ray diffraction studies 400:424 X-ray diffraction studies 400:424 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 1 32 theme Symploca 303:310 arg1 sp 312:313 Symploca sp 303:313 Symploca sp 303:313 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 0 33 theme Macrolide 132:140 arg1 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery 0:8 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 0 33 theme Macrolide 132:140 arg1 Dimer 142:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer 105:146 a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria 105:172 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 6 34 theme α-selective 942:952 arg1 reaction 932:939 Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction 837:939 reaction 932:939 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 34 theme α-selective 942:952 arg1 glycosidation 954:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 5 35 theme macrocyclic 716:726 arg1 core 728:731 macrocyclic core 716:731 macrocyclic core 716:731 We performed the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) along with its [α,α]-anomer (26) and macrocyclic core (28), thus leading to the confirmation of the structure of natural 1. 27139508 0 36 theme Marine 153:158 arg1 Cyanobacteria 160:172 Marine Cyanobacteria 153:172 Marine Cyanobacteria 153:172 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 3 37 theme product 471:477 arg1 analysis 439:446 Mosher's analysis 430:446 Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product 430:477 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 0 38 theme Structural 35:44 arg1 Elements 46:53 Key Structural Elements 31:53 Key Structural Elements 31:53 Discovery, Total Synthesis and Key Structural Elements for the Immunosuppressive Activity of Cocosolide, a Symmetrical Glycosylated Macrolide Dimer from Marine Cyanobacteria. 27139508 4 39 theme clavosolides 526:537 arg1 A-D 539:541 clavosolides A-D 526:541 clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa 526:584 Its carbon skeleton closely resembles that of clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa, for which no bioactivity is known. 27139508 7 40 theme IL-2 1037:1040 arg1 production 1042:1051 IL-2 production 1037:1051 IL-2 production 1037:1051 Compounds 1 and 26 potently inhibited IL-2 production in both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners. 27139508 7 41 theme dependent 1077:1085 arg1 manners 1103:1109 both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners 1056:1109 both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners 1056:1109 Compounds 1 and 26 potently inhibited IL-2 production in both T-cell receptor dependent and independent manners. 27139508 6 42 theme Wadsworth-Emmons 837:852 arg1 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 Sakurai 872:878 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 42 theme Wadsworth-Emmons 837:852 arg1 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 Yamaguchi 892:900 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 42 theme Wadsworth-Emmons 837:852 arg1 reaction 932:939 Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction 837:939 reaction 932:939 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 42 theme Wadsworth-Emmons 837:852 arg1 glycosidation 954:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 α-selective glycosidation 942:966 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 42 theme Wadsworth-Emmons 837:852 arg1 glycosidation 984:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 5 43 theme cocosolide 664:673 arg1 synthesis 651:659 the first total synthesis 635:659 the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) 635:677 We performed the first total synthesis of cocosolide (1) along with its [α,α]-anomer (26) and macrocyclic core (28), thus leading to the confirmation of the structure of natural 1. 27139508 3 44 theme base 455:458 arg1 product 471:477 the base hydrolysis product 451:477 the base hydrolysis product 451:477 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 1 45 attach isolated 235:242 arg1 cyanobacterium 260:273 the marine cyanobacterium 249:273 the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp 249:313 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 1 45 attach isolated 235:242 arg2 cocosolide 215:224 cocosolide (1) 215:228 cocosolide (1) 215:228 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 1 45 attach isolated 235:242 arg2 xylopyranoside 199:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside 175:212 A new dimeric macrolide xylopyranoside, cocosolide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium preliminarily identified as Symploca sp. 27139508 3 46 theme hydrolysis 460:469 arg1 product 471:477 the base hydrolysis product 451:477 the base hydrolysis product 451:477 The structure was determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, X-ray diffraction studies and Mosher's analysis of the base hydrolysis product. 27139508 8 47 theme Full 1112:1115 arg1 activity 1117:1124 Full activity 1112:1124 Full activity 1112:1124 Full activity requires the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure. 27139508 6 48 theme β-selective 972:982 arg1 reaction 932:939 Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction 837:939 reaction 932:939 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 6 48 theme β-selective 972:982 arg1 glycosidation 984:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 β-selective glycosidation 972:996 The convergent synthesis featured Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation, Sakurai annulation, Yamaguchi macrocyclization/dimerization reaction, α-selective glycosidation and β-selective glycosidation. 27139508 8 49 theme dimeric 1190:1196 arg1 structure 1198:1206 the intact dimeric structure 1179:1206 the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure 1135:1206 Full activity requires the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure. 27139508 4 50 theme carbon 484:489 arg1 skeleton 491:498 Its carbon skeleton 480:498 Its carbon skeleton 480:498 Its carbon skeleton closely resembles that of clavosolides A-D isolated from the sponge Myriastra clavosa, for which no bioactivity is known. 27139508 8 51 theme moiety 1161:1166 arg1 presence 1139:1146 the presence 1135:1146 the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure 1135:1206 Full activity requires the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure. 27139508 8 51 theme moiety 1161:1166 arg1 structure 1198:1206 the intact dimeric structure 1179:1206 the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure 1135:1206 Full activity requires the presence of the sugar moiety as well as the intact dimeric structure. 29287459 5 0 from differences 737:747 arg1 composition 821:831 monosaccharide composition 806:831 monosaccharide composition 806:831 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 5 0 from differences 737:747 arg1 content 760:766 sulfate content 752:766 sulfate content 752:766 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 5 0 from differences 737:747 arg1 ratio 775:779 molar ratio 769:779 molar ratio of sulfate to fucose 769:800 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 6 1 theme brown 984:988 arg1 seaweeds 990:997 brown seaweeds 984:997 brown seaweeds with high extraction yield 984:1024 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 6 2 theme efficient 934:942 arg1 procedure 944:952 an efficient procedure 931:952 an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step 931:1067 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 0 3 with procedure 72:80 arg1 yield 92:96 high yield 87:96 high yield 87:96 Bioactivity of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica using a novel procedure with high yield. 29287459 4 4 theme Hela 714:717 arg1 cells 719:723 Hela cells 714:723 Hela cells 714:723 The fractions displayed similar anticancer activity against Hela cells. 29287459 4 5 theme anticancer 686:695 arg1 activity 697:704 similar anticancer activity 678:704 similar anticancer activity 678:704 The fractions displayed similar anticancer activity against Hela cells. 29287459 0 6 theme high 87:90 arg1 yield 92:96 high yield 87:96 high yield 87:96 Bioactivity of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica using a novel procedure with high yield. 29287459 6 7 with pigments 1039:1046 arg1 step 1064:1067 one single step 1053:1067 one single step 1053:1067 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 2 8 theme water 264:268 arg1 time-consuming 305:318 time-consuming 305:318 time-consuming 305:318 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 2 8 theme water 264:268 arg1 extraction 270:279 the classic hot water extraction 248:279 the classic hot water extraction 248:279 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 5 9 theme antioxidant 863:873 arg1 ability 875:881 stronger antioxidant ability 854:881 stronger antioxidant ability 854:881 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 4 10 theme similar 678:684 arg1 activity 697:704 similar anticancer activity 678:704 similar anticancer activity 678:704 The fractions displayed similar anticancer activity against Hela cells. 29287459 2 11 theme hot 260:262 arg1 time-consuming 305:318 time-consuming 305:318 time-consuming 305:318 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 2 11 theme hot 260:262 arg1 extraction 270:279 the classic hot water extraction 248:279 the classic hot water extraction 248:279 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 6 12 theme extraction 1009:1018 arg1 yield 1020:1024 high extraction yield 1004:1024 high extraction yield 1004:1024 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 3 13 theme present 408:414 arg1 study 416:420 The present study 404:420 The present study 404:420 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 3 14 theme F3 650:651 arg1 fractions 626:634 different fractions 616:634 different fractions of F1, F2 and F3 616:651 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 1 15 dep antitumor 106:114 arg1 activities 132:141 activities 132:141 activities 132:141 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 1 16 theme increasing 159:168 arg1 interest 170:177 increasing interest 159:177 increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, 159:217 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 3 17 dep Laminaria 478:486 arg1 japonica 488:495 Laminaria japonica 478:495 Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 478:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 2 18 theme sulfate 359:365 arg1 esters 367:372 sulfate esters 359:372 sulfate esters 359:372 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 5 19 theme sulfate 752:758 arg1 content 760:766 sulfate content 752:766 sulfate content 752:766 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 6 20 theme novel 905:909 arg1 extraction 911:920 This novel extraction 900:920 This novel extraction 900:920 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 6 21 with seaweeds 990:997 arg1 yield 1020:1024 high extraction yield 1004:1024 high extraction yield 1004:1024 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 5 22 theme monosaccharide 806:819 arg1 composition 821:831 monosaccharide composition 806:831 monosaccharide composition 806:831 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 3 23 theme 70 °C. 542:547 arg1 CFs 566:568 CFs 566:568 CFs 566:568 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 3 23 theme 70 °C. 542:547 arg1 fucoidans 555:563 70 °C. Crude fucoidans 542:563 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 542:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 3 24 theme novel 434:438 arg1 process 440:446 a novel process 432:446 a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 432:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 0 25 theme fucoidan 15:22 arg1 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity 0:10 Bioactivity of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica 0:56 Bioactivity of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica using a novel procedure with high yield. 29287459 3 26 theme % 505:505 arg1 acid 534:537 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 502:537 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 502:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 3 27 theme Crude 549:553 arg1 CFs 566:568 CFs 566:568 CFs 566:568 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 3 27 theme Crude 549:553 arg1 fucoidans 555:563 70 °C. Crude fucoidans 542:563 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 542:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 2 28 theme bioactivity 386:396 arg1 loss 398:401 bioactivity loss 386:401 bioactivity loss 386:401 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 0 29 theme Laminaria 39:47 arg1 japonica 49:56 Laminaria japonica 39:56 Laminaria japonica 39:56 Bioactivity of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica using a novel procedure with high yield. 29287459 3 30 theme ethylenediaminetetraacetic 507:532 arg1 acid 534:537 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 502:537 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 502:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 6 31 theme high 1004:1007 arg1 yield 1020:1024 high extraction yield 1004:1024 high extraction yield 1004:1024 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 1 32 theme sulfated 193:200 arg1 fucoidans 182:190 fucoidans 182:190 fucoidans 182:190 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 1 32 theme sulfated 193:200 arg1 polysaccharides 202:216 sulfated polysaccharides 193:216 sulfated polysaccharides 193:216 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 5 33 theme sulfate 784:790 arg1 composition 821:831 monosaccharide composition 806:831 monosaccharide composition 806:831 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 5 33 theme sulfate 784:790 arg1 content 760:766 sulfate content 752:766 sulfate content 752:766 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 5 33 theme sulfate 784:790 arg1 ratio 775:779 molar ratio 769:779 molar ratio of sulfate to fucose 769:800 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 1 34 from algae 230:234 arg1 interest 170:177 increasing interest 159:177 increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, 159:217 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 5 35 theme stronger 854:861 arg1 ability 875:881 stronger antioxidant ability 854:881 stronger antioxidant ability 854:881 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 2 36 theme acid 285:288 arg1 extraction 290:299 acid extraction 285:299 acid extraction 285:299 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 2 37 theme classic 252:258 arg1 time-consuming 305:318 time-consuming 305:318 time-consuming 305:318 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 2 37 theme classic 252:258 arg1 extraction 270:279 the classic hot water extraction 248:279 the classic hot water extraction 248:279 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 1 38 from interest 170:177 arg1 fucoidans 182:190 fucoidans 182:190 fucoidans 182:190 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 1 38 from interest 170:177 arg1 polysaccharides 202:216 sulfated polysaccharides 193:216 sulfated polysaccharides 193:216 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 3 39 theme 0.5 502:504 arg1 % 505:505 % 505:505 % 505:505 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 3 40 from fucoidans 555:563 arg1 acid 534:537 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 502:537 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) 502:598 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 0 41 theme novel 66:70 arg1 procedure 72:80 a novel procedure 64:80 a novel procedure with high yield 64:96 Bioactivity of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica using a novel procedure with high yield. 29287459 3 42 theme different 616:624 arg1 fractions 626:634 different fractions 616:634 different fractions of F1, F2 and F3 616:651 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 5 43 theme molar 769:773 arg1 ratio 775:779 molar ratio 769:779 molar ratio of sulfate to fucose 769:800 Due to the differences in sulfate content, molar ratio of sulfate to fucose and monosaccharide composition, F1 and F2 exhibited stronger antioxidant ability than CFs and F3. 29287459 2 44 theme esters 367:372 arg1 cleavage 347:354 the partial cleavage 335:354 the partial cleavage of sulfate esters 335:372 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 1 45 theme brown 224:228 arg1 algae 230:234 brown algae 224:234 brown algae 224:234 Due to antitumor and antioxidant activities, there has been increasing interest in fucoidans, sulfated polysaccharides, from brown algae. 29287459 3 46 theme F2 643:644 arg1 fractions 626:634 different fractions 616:634 different fractions of F1, F2 and F3 616:651 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 29287459 6 47 theme single 1057:1062 arg1 step 1064:1067 one single step 1053:1067 one single step 1053:1067 This novel extraction provides an efficient procedure for extracting fucoidans from brown seaweeds with high extraction yield and removing pigments with one single step. 29287459 2 48 theme partial 339:345 arg1 cleavage 347:354 the partial cleavage 335:354 the partial cleavage of sulfate esters 335:372 Currently, the classic hot water extraction and acid extraction are time-consuming, and can cause the partial cleavage of sulfate esters, leading to bioactivity loss. 29287459 3 49 dep purified 604:611 arg1 developed 422:430 developed 422:430 developed 422:430 The present study developed a novel process for extracting fucoidans from Laminaria japonica with 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at 70 °C. Crude fucoidans (CFs) obtained with a yield (∼16%) was purified to different fractions of F1, F2 and F3. 28901061 1 0 theme rutin.The 631:639 arg1 extracts 655:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts 631:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains 631:678 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 1 theme excellent 1112:1120 arg1 strains 1140:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains 1108:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 1108:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 2 dep polysaccharides 785:799 arg1 conclusion 1055:1064 selected.In conclusion 1043:1064 selected.In conclusion 1043:1064 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 2 dep polysaccharides 785:799 arg1 strains 932:938 the fungal strains 921:938 the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale 921:1036 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 2 dep polysaccharides 785:799 arg1 polysaccharides 993:1007 DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides 950:1007 polysaccharides 993:1007 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 3 theme monosaccharides 857:871 arg1 composition 842:852 the composition 838:852 the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 838:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 4 theme water-soluble 641:653 arg1 extracts 655:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts 631:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains 631:678 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 5 theme endophytic 1122:1131 arg1 strains 1140:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains 1108:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 1108:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 0 6 from [Screening 0:9 arg1 officinale 56:65 Dendrobium officinale 45:65 Dendrobium officinale 45:65 [Screening of meaningful endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale based on polysaccharides and flavonoids]. 28901061 1 7 theme chromatographic 457:471 arg1 time 483:486 the chromatographic retention time 453:486 the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra 453:509 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 8 theme fungal 1133:1138 arg1 strains 1140:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains 1108:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 1108:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 9 from strains 409:415 arg1 extracts 385:392 the ethyl acetate extracts 367:392 the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains 367:415 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 10 theme same 1207:1210 arg1 flavonoids 1212:1221 the same flavonoids 1203:1221 the same flavonoids 1203:1221 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 11 theme retention 473:481 arg1 time 483:486 the chromatographic retention time 453:486 the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra 453:509 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 12 theme fungi 271:275 arg1 flavonoids 208:217 flavonoids 208:217 flavonoids 208:217 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 12 theme fungi 271:275 arg1 saccharides 192:202 saccharides 192:202 saccharides 192:202 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 12 theme fungi 271:275 arg1 liquor 247:252 fermented liquor 237:252 fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale 237:291 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 13 theme monosaccharides 756:770 arg1 composition 741:751 the composition 737:751 the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 737:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 14 theme ethyl 371:375 arg1 extracts 385:392 the ethyl acetate extracts 367:392 the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains 367:415 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 15 theme peak 881:884 arg1 ratio 891:895 the peak area ratio 877:895 the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 877:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 16 theme functional 169:178 arg1 components 180:189 the functional components 165:189 the functional components 165:189 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 17 dep contain 421:427 arg1 all 417:419 all 417:419 all 417:419 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 18 theme acetate 377:383 arg1 extracts 385:392 the ethyl acetate extracts 367:392 the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains 367:415 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 19 theme area 886:889 arg1 ratio 891:895 the peak area ratio 877:895 the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 877:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 20 theme selected.In 1043:1053 arg1 conclusion 1055:1064 selected.In conclusion 1043:1064 selected.In conclusion 1043:1064 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 20 theme selected.In 1043:1053 arg1 strains 932:938 the fungal strains 921:938 the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale 921:1036 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 20 theme selected.In 1043:1053 arg1 polysaccharides 993:1007 DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides 950:1007 polysaccharides 993:1007 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 21 theme similar 1227:1233 arg1 polysaccharides 1235:1249 similar polysaccharides 1227:1249 similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 1227:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 22 theme ratio 891:895 arg1 composition 842:852 the composition 838:852 the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 838:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 23 theme HPLC 491:494 arg1 time 483:486 the chromatographic retention time 453:486 the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra 453:509 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 0 24 theme endophytic 25:34 arg1 fungi 36:40 meaningful endophytic fungi 14:40 meaningful endophytic fungi 14:40 [Screening of meaningful endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale based on polysaccharides and flavonoids]. 28901061 1 25 contain had 684:686 arg2 polysaccharides.However 688:710 polysaccharides.However 688:710 polysaccharides.However 688:710 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 25 contain had 684:686 arg1 extracts 655:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts 631:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains 631:678 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 26 dep conclusion 1055:1064 arg1 strains 1140:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains 1108:1146 the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 1108:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 0 27 theme meaningful 14:23 arg1 fungi 36:40 meaningful endophytic fungi 14:40 meaningful endophytic fungi 14:40 [Screening of meaningful endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale based on polysaccharides and flavonoids]. 28901061 1 28 theme mannose 900:906 arg1 ratio 891:895 the peak area ratio 877:895 the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 877:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 28 theme mannose 900:906 arg1 monosaccharides 857:871 monosaccharides 857:871 monosaccharides 857:871 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 29 contain contain 421:427 arg2 characteristics 511:525 flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics 429:525 flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids 429:539 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 29 contain contain 421:427 arg1 extracts 385:392 the ethyl acetate extracts 367:392 the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains 367:415 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 0 30 theme fungi 36:40 arg1 [Screening 0:9 [Screening 0:9 [Screening of meaningful endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale 0:65 [Screening of meaningful endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale based on polysaccharides and flavonoids]. 28901061 1 31 theme different 807:815 arg1 strains.According 817:833 different strains.According 807:833 different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 807:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 32 theme fungal 402:407 arg1 strains 409:415 21 fungal strains 399:415 21 fungal strains 399:415 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 33 theme spectra 503:509 arg1 time 483:486 the chromatographic retention time 453:486 the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra 453:509 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 34 theme UV 500:501 arg1 spectra 503:509 UV spectra 500:509 UV spectra 500:509 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 35 theme glucose 912:918 arg1 ratio 891:895 the peak area ratio 877:895 the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose 877:918 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 35 theme glucose 912:918 arg1 monosaccharides 857:871 monosaccharides 857:871 monosaccharides 857:871 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 0 36 theme Dendrobium 45:54 arg1 officinale 56:65 Dendrobium officinale 45:65 Dendrobium officinale 45:65 [Screening of meaningful endophytic fungi in Dendrobium officinale based on polysaccharides and flavonoids]. 28901061 1 37 from liquor 247:252 arg1 mycelia 226:232 the mycelia 222:232 the mycelia 222:232 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 37 from liquor 247:252 arg1 D.officinale 280:291 D.officinale 280:291 D.officinale 280:291 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 38 from strains 672:678 arg1 extracts 655:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts 631:662 rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains 631:678 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 39 theme UV 322:323 arg1 results 347:353 UV spectrophotometer.The results 322:353 UV spectrophotometer.The results 322:353 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 40 dep strains 1140:1146 arg1 selected 1173:1180 selected 1173:1180 selected 1173:1180 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 41 from polysaccharides 1235:1249 arg1 D.officinale 1254:1265 D.officinale 1254:1265 D.officinale 1254:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 42 theme flavonoids 530:539 arg1 characteristics 511:525 flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics 429:525 flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids 429:539 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 43 dep strains 584:590 arg1 DO23 592:595 DO23 592:595 DO23 592:595 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 43 dep strains 584:590 arg1 DO83 607:610 DO83 607:610 DO83 607:610 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 43 dep strains 584:590 arg1 strains 584:590 strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 584:610 strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 584:610 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 44 from flavonoids 208:217 arg1 mycelia 226:232 the mycelia 222:232 the mycelia 222:232 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 44 from flavonoids 208:217 arg1 D.officinale 280:291 D.officinale 280:291 D.officinale 280:291 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 45 theme flavonoids.According 429:448 arg1 characteristics 511:525 flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics 429:525 flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids 429:539 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 46 theme fungal 925:930 arg1 conclusion 1055:1064 selected.In conclusion 1043:1064 selected.In conclusion 1043:1064 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 46 theme fungal 925:930 arg1 strains 932:938 the fungal strains 921:938 the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale 921:1036 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 46 theme fungal 925:930 arg1 polysaccharides 993:1007 DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides 950:1007 polysaccharides 993:1007 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 47 theme product 985:991 arg1 polysaccharides 993:1007 DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides 950:1007 polysaccharides 993:1007 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 48 from difference 723:732 arg1 composition 741:751 the composition 737:751 the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 737:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 49 from saccharides 192:202 arg1 mycelia 226:232 the mycelia 222:232 the mycelia 222:232 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 49 from saccharides 192:202 arg1 D.officinale 280:291 D.officinale 280:291 D.officinale 280:291 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 50 theme endophytic 144:153 arg1 fungi 155:159 endophytic fungi 144:159 endophytic fungi 144:159 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 51 theme fermented 237:245 arg1 liquor 247:252 fermented liquor 237:252 fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale 237:291 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 52 theme endophytic 260:269 arg1 fungi 271:275 21 endophytic fungi 257:275 21 endophytic fungi 257:275 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 53 theme spectrophotometer.The 325:345 arg1 results 347:353 UV spectrophotometer.The results 322:353 UV spectrophotometer.The results 322:353 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 54 from flavonoids 1212:1221 arg1 D.officinale 1254:1265 D.officinale 1254:1265 D.officinale 1254:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 55 attach derived 772:778 arg2 monosaccharides 756:770 monosaccharides 756:770 monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 756:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28901061 1 55 attach derived 772:778 arg1 polysaccharides 785:799 polysaccharides 785:799 polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale 785:1265 To reveal the relationship between endophytic fungi and the functional components, saccharides and flavonoids in the mycelia or fermented liquor of 21 endophytic fungi in D.officinale were detected using HPLC and UV spectrophotometer.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extracts from 21 fungal strains all contain flavonoids.According to the chromatographic retention time of HPLC and UV spectra characteristics of flavonoids, strain DO49 was found produce naringenin, strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were found produce rutin.The water-soluble extracts from 21 strains all had polysaccharides.However, there was difference in the composition of monosaccharides derived from polysaccharides among different strains.According to the composition of monosaccharides and the peak area ratio of mannose and glucose, the fungal strains including DO23, DO26, DO81, DO54, DO55, DO83 product polysaccharides associated with D.officinale were selected.In conclusion, based on the saccharides and flavonoids, the excellent endophytic fungal strains DO23, DO81 and DO83 were selected, which could produce the same flavonoids and similar polysaccharides in D.officinale. 28860064 4 0 theme successive 1001:1010 arg1 elimination 1012:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 5 1 theme cellulosic 1350:1359 arg1 origin 1361:1366 the cellulosic origin 1346:1366 the cellulosic origin 1346:1366 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 1 2 theme wastes 217:222 arg1 sources 339:345 the promising sources 325:345 the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials 325:477 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 2 theme wastes 217:222 arg1 types 179:183 four types 174:183 four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 174:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 2 3 theme hydrolysis 551:560 arg1 process 562:568 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process 524:568 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process 524:568 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 7 4 theme high 1746:1749 arg1 potential 1751:1759 high potential 1746:1759 high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development 1746:1825 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 1 5 theme Panax 225:229 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 5 theme Panax 225:229 arg1 ginseng 231:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 2 6 theme NO3 587:589 arg1 solution 593:600 H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution 579:600 H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution 579:600 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 2 6 theme NO3 587:589 arg1 agent 619:623 the bleaching agent 605:623 the bleaching agent 605:623 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 6 7 theme nanocellulose 1470:1482 arg1 materials 1484:1492 high purity nanocellulose materials 1458:1492 high purity nanocellulose materials 1458:1492 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 2 8 theme H2O2/Cr 579:585 arg1 solution 593:600 H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution 579:600 H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution 579:600 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 2 8 theme H2O2/Cr 579:585 arg1 agent 619:623 the bleaching agent 605:623 the bleaching agent 605:623 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 6 9 theme high 1458:1461 arg1 materials 1484:1492 high purity nanocellulose materials 1458:1492 high purity nanocellulose materials 1458:1492 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 1 10 theme present 160:166 arg1 work 168:171 the present work 156:171 the present work 156:171 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 7 11 theme deep 1587:1590 arg1 insight 1592:1598 a deep insight 1585:1598 a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development 1585:1825 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 4 12 theme obtained 884:891 arg1 products 907:914 the obtained nanocellulose products 880:914 the obtained nanocellulose products 880:914 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 7 13 theme one-pot 1710:1716 arg1 system 1728:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 4 14 theme regions 1063:1069 arg1 elimination 1012:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 3 15 theme nanocellulose 684:696 arg1 products 698:705 The isolated nanocellulose products 671:705 The isolated nanocellulose products 671:705 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 4 16 dep higher 935:940 arg1 % 952:952 62.2-83.6% 943:952 62.2-83.6% 943:952 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 4 17 theme products 907:914 arg1 index 871:875 the crystallinity index 853:875 the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products 853:914 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 4 17 theme products 907:914 arg1 higher 935:940 higher 935:940 higher 935:940 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 7 18 from insight 1592:1598 arg1 possibility 1607:1617 the possibility 1603:1617 the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development 1603:1825 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 4 19 theme cellulose 1074:1082 arg1 hemicellulose 1035:1047 hemicellulose 1035:1047 hemicellulose 1035:1047 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 4 19 theme cellulose 1074:1082 arg1 regions 1063:1069 amorphous regions 1053:1069 amorphous regions 1053:1069 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 4 19 theme cellulose 1074:1082 arg1 lignin 1027:1032 lignin 1027:1032 lignin 1027:1032 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 0 20 theme isolation 113:121 arg1 system 123:128 a novel one-pot isolation system 97:128 a novel one-pot isolation system 97:128 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 4 21 theme crystallinity 857:869 arg1 index 871:875 the crystallinity index 853:875 the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products 853:914 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 4 21 theme crystallinity 857:869 arg1 higher 935:940 higher 935:940 higher 935:940 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 7 22 theme simple 1689:1694 arg1 system 1728:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 2 23 theme hydrolysis 629:638 arg1 medium 640:645 hydrolysis medium 629:645 hydrolysis medium 629:645 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 3 24 theme product 765:771 arg1 yield 773:777 product yield 765:777 product yield 765:777 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 0 25 theme source 133:138 arg1 perspective 140:150 A source perspective 131:150 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 0:151 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 3 26 theme thermal 808:814 arg1 properties 816:825 thermal properties 808:825 thermal properties 808:825 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 1 27 dep wastes 217:222 arg1 cardboard 298:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 27 dep wastes 217:222 arg1 ginseng 231:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 27 dep wastes 217:222 arg1 cloth 272:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 27 dep wastes 217:222 arg1 residue 250:256 spent tea residue 240:256 spent tea residue 240:256 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 27 dep wastes 217:222 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 5 28 theme fibril 1249:1254 arg1 widths 1256:1261 the fibril widths 1245:1261 the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm 1245:1294 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 3 29 theme composition 752:762 arg1 terms 734:738 terms 734:738 terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties 734:825 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 6 30 theme daily 1509:1513 arg1 products 1521:1528 different daily spent products 1499:1528 different daily spent products 1499:1528 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 5 31 theme TEM 1210:1212 arg1 observation 1214:1224 TEM observation 1210:1224 TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm 1210:1294 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 3 32 theme structure 794:802 arg1 terms 734:738 terms 734:738 terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties 734:825 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 7 33 theme solid 1649:1653 arg1 wastes 1655:1660 the municipal solid wastes 1635:1660 the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose 1635:1679 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 0 34 theme " 77:77 arg1 nanocellulose 79:91 "green" nanocellulose 71:91 "green" nanocellulose 71:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 1 35 theme corrugated 287:296 arg1 cardboard 298:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 35 theme corrugated 287:296 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 5 36 theme production 1169:1178 arg1 evidence 1142:1149 The evidence 1138:1149 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose 1138:1195 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 0 37 theme selected 18:25 arg1 wastes 43:48 selected municipal solid wastes 18:48 selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose 18:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 1 38 theme spent 240:244 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 38 theme spent 240:244 arg1 residue 250:256 spent tea residue 240:256 spent tea residue 240:256 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 0 39 theme solid 37:41 arg1 wastes 43:48 selected municipal solid wastes 18:48 selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose 18:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 5 40 dep 46.2nm 1289:1294 arg1 to 1286:1287 to 1286:1287 to 1286:1287 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 4 41 theme starting 972:979 arg1 material 981:988 its starting material 968:988 its starting material 968:988 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 1 42 theme waste 259:263 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 42 theme waste 259:263 arg1 cloth 272:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 4 43 theme hemicellulose 1035:1047 arg1 elimination 1012:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 1 44 theme valuable 446:453 arg1 materials 469:477 highly valuable nanocellulose materials 439:477 highly valuable nanocellulose materials 439:477 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 4 45 theme amorphous 1053:1061 arg1 regions 1063:1069 amorphous regions 1053:1069 amorphous regions 1053:1069 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 5 46 theme high 1302:1305 arg1 content 1317:1323 high cellulose content 1302:1323 high cellulose content (>90%) 1302:1330 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 5 46 theme high 1302:1305 arg1 % 1329:1329 >90% 1326:1329 >90% 1326:1329 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 6 47 theme samples 1413:1419 arg1 properties 1389:1398 The physicochemical properties 1369:1398 The physicochemical properties of processed samples 1369:1419 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 1 48 theme chosen 194:199 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 48 theme chosen 194:199 arg1 ginseng 231:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 48 theme chosen 194:199 arg1 cloth 272:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 48 theme chosen 194:199 arg1 residue 250:256 spent tea residue 240:256 spent tea residue 240:256 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 48 theme chosen 194:199 arg1 cardboard 298:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 0 49 dep Revalorization 0:13 arg1 perspective 140:150 A source perspective 131:150 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 0:151 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 1 50 theme solid 211:215 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 50 theme solid 211:215 arg1 ginseng 231:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 50 theme solid 211:215 arg1 cloth 272:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 50 theme solid 211:215 arg1 residue 250:256 spent tea residue 240:256 spent tea residue 240:256 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 50 theme solid 211:215 arg1 cardboard 298:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 4 51 theme lignin 1027:1032 arg1 elimination 1012:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 the successive elimination 997:1022 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 6 52 theme physicochemical 1373:1387 arg1 properties 1389:1398 The physicochemical properties 1369:1398 The physicochemical properties of processed samples 1369:1419 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 5 53 theme successful 1158:1167 arg1 production 1169:1178 the successful production 1154:1178 the successful production of nanocellulose 1154:1195 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 2 54 theme oxidative 541:549 arg1 hydrolysis 551:560 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis 524:560 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process 524:568 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 3 55 theme isolated 675:682 arg1 products 698:705 The isolated nanocellulose products 671:705 The isolated nanocellulose products 671:705 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 6 56 theme materials 1484:1492 arg1 possible 1533:1540 possible 1533:1540 possible 1533:1540 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 6 56 theme materials 1484:1492 arg1 isolation 1445:1453 the isolation 1441:1453 the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products 1441:1528 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 4 57 with agreement 1104:1112 arg1 analysis 1128:1135 the FTIR analysis 1119:1135 the FTIR analysis 1119:1135 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 7 58 theme isolation 1718:1726 arg1 system 1728:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 4 59 theme good 1099:1102 arg1 agreement 1104:1112 good agreement 1099:1112 good agreement with the FTIR analysis 1099:1135 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 6 60 theme purity 1463:1468 arg1 materials 1484:1492 high purity nanocellulose materials 1458:1492 high purity nanocellulose materials 1458:1492 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 7 61 theme versatile 1700:1708 arg1 system 1728:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 0 62 theme one-pot 105:111 arg1 system 123:128 a novel one-pot isolation system 97:128 a novel one-pot isolation system 97:128 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 1 63 theme waste 419:423 arg1 products 425:432 waste products 419:432 waste products 419:432 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 4 64 theme nanocellulose 893:905 arg1 products 907:914 the obtained nanocellulose products 880:914 the obtained nanocellulose products 880:914 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 2 65 theme acidic 653:658 arg1 condition 660:668 acidic condition 653:668 acidic condition 653:668 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 3 66 theme chemical 743:750 arg1 composition 752:762 chemical composition 743:762 chemical composition 743:762 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 1 67 theme promising 329:337 arg1 sources 339:345 the promising sources 325:345 the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials 325:477 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 67 theme promising 329:337 arg1 types 179:183 four types 174:183 four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 174:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 7 68 theme comparative 1547:1557 arg1 study 1559:1563 The comparative study 1543:1563 The comparative study 1543:1563 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 2 69 theme facile 526:531 arg1 hydrolysis 551:560 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis 524:560 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process 524:568 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 2 70 theme one-pot 533:539 arg1 hydrolysis 551:560 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis 524:560 a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process 524:568 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 3 71 theme yield 773:777 arg1 terms 734:738 terms 734:738 terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties 734:825 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 6 72 theme spent 1515:1519 arg1 products 1521:1528 different daily spent products 1499:1528 different daily spent products 1499:1528 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 3 73 theme properties 816:825 arg1 terms 734:738 terms 734:738 terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties 734:825 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 4 74 theme FTIR 1123:1126 arg1 analysis 1128:1135 the FTIR analysis 1119:1135 the FTIR analysis 1119:1135 The study has found that the crystallinity index of the obtained nanocellulose products were significantly higher (62.2-83.6%) than that of its starting material due to the successive elimination of lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous regions of cellulose, which were in good agreement with the FTIR analysis. 28860064 0 75 theme green 72:76 arg1 nanocellulose 79:91 "green" nanocellulose 71:91 "green" nanocellulose 71:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 6 76 theme different 1499:1507 arg1 products 1521:1528 different daily spent products 1499:1528 different daily spent products 1499:1528 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 6 77 from products 1521:1528 arg1 possible 1533:1540 possible 1533:1540 possible 1533:1540 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 6 77 from products 1521:1528 arg1 isolation 1445:1453 the isolation 1441:1453 the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products 1441:1528 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 0 78 theme novel 99:103 arg1 system 123:128 a novel one-pot isolation system 97:128 a novel one-pot isolation system 97:128 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 0 79 theme nanocellulose 79:91 arg1 precursors 57:66 new precursors 53:66 new precursors of "green" nanocellulose 53:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 1 80 theme old 283:285 arg1 cardboard 298:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 80 theme old 283:285 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 3 81 theme morphological 780:792 arg1 structure 794:802 morphological structure 780:802 morphological structure 780:802 The isolated nanocellulose products were well-characterized in terms of chemical composition, product yield, morphological structure and thermal properties. 28860064 7 82 theme municipal 1639:1647 arg1 wastes 1655:1660 the municipal solid wastes 1635:1660 the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose 1635:1679 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 2 83 theme bleaching 609:617 arg1 solution 593:600 H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution 579:600 H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution 579:600 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 2 83 theme bleaching 609:617 arg1 agent 619:623 the bleaching agent 605:623 the bleaching agent 605:623 The nanocellulose was produced directly via a facile one-pot oxidative hydrolysis process by using H2O2/Cr(NO3)3 solution as the bleaching agent and hydrolysis medium under acidic condition. 28860064 0 84 theme municipal 27:35 arg1 wastes 43:48 selected municipal solid wastes 18:48 selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose 18:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 0 85 theme wastes 43:48 arg1 Revalorization 0:13 Revalorization 0:13 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 0:151 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 1 86 theme tea 246:248 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 86 theme tea 246:248 arg1 residue 250:256 spent tea residue 240:256 spent tea residue 240:256 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 87 theme products 425:432 arg1 structure 406:414 the structure 402:414 the structure of waste products 402:432 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 0 88 theme new 53:55 arg1 precursors 57:66 new precursors 53:66 new precursors of "green" nanocellulose 53:91 Revalorization of selected municipal solid wastes as new precursors of "green" nanocellulose via a novel one-pot isolation system: A source perspective. 28860064 7 89 contain has 1742:1744 arg2 potential 1751:1759 high potential 1746:1759 high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development 1746:1825 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 7 89 contain has 1742:1744 arg1 system 1728:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system 1685:1733 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 1 90 theme cotton 265:270 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 90 theme cotton 265:270 arg1 cloth 272:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 7 91 theme sustainable 1803:1813 arg1 development 1815:1825 sustainable development 1803:1825 sustainable development 1803:1825 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 7 92 theme commercial 1775:1784 arg1 applications 1786:1797 commercial applications 1775:1797 commercial applications for sustainable development 1775:1825 The comparative study can help to provide a deep insight on the possibility of revalorizing the municipal solid wastes into nanocellulose via the simple and versatile one-pot isolation system, which has high potential to be used in commercial applications for sustainable development. 28860064 1 93 theme nanocellulose 455:467 arg1 materials 469:477 highly valuable nanocellulose materials 439:477 highly valuable nanocellulose materials 439:477 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 5 94 theme nanocellulose 1183:1195 arg1 production 1169:1178 the successful production 1154:1178 the successful production of nanocellulose 1154:1195 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 5 95 theme cellulose 1307:1315 arg1 content 1317:1323 high cellulose content 1302:1323 high cellulose content (>90%) 1302:1330 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 5 95 theme cellulose 1307:1315 arg1 % 1329:1329 >90% 1326:1329 >90% 1326:1329 The evidence of the successful production of nanocellulose was given by TEM observation which has revealed the fibril widths were ranging from 15.6 to 46.2nm, with high cellulose content (>90%), depending on the cellulosic origin. 28860064 6 96 theme processed 1403:1411 arg1 samples 1413:1419 processed samples 1403:1419 processed samples 1403:1419 The physicochemical properties of processed samples have confirmed that the isolation of high purity nanocellulose materials from different daily spent products is possible. 28860064 1 97 theme municipal 201:209 arg1 wastes 217:222 municipal solid wastes 201:222 newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) 188:307 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 97 theme municipal 201:209 arg1 ginseng 231:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 Panax ginseng 225:237 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 97 theme municipal 201:209 arg1 cloth 272:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 waste cotton cloth 259:276 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 97 theme municipal 201:209 arg1 residue 250:256 spent tea residue 240:256 spent tea residue 240:256 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 28860064 1 97 theme municipal 201:209 arg1 cardboard 298:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 old corrugated cardboard 283:306 In the present work, four types of newly chosen municipal solid wastes (Panax ginseng, spent tea residue, waste cotton cloth, and old corrugated cardboard) were studied as the promising sources for nanocellulose, which has efficiently re-engineered the structure of waste products into highly valuable nanocellulose materials. 25839811 0 0 theme by-products 64:74 arg1 composition 13:23 Carbohydrate composition 0:23 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products 0:74 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products flours. 25839811 7 1 theme material 915:922 arg1 portion 890:896 the main portion 881:896 the main portion of the cell wall material 881:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 7 1 theme material 915:922 arg1 fractions 848:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 1 2 theme dietary 144:150 arg1 fiber 152:156 dietary fiber 144:156 dietary fiber (62-71%) 144:165 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 1 2 theme dietary 144:150 arg1 % 164:164 62-71% 159:164 62-71% 159:164 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 7 3 theme wall 910:913 arg1 material 915:922 the cell wall material 901:922 the cell wall material 901:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 4 4 dep S2 593:594 arg1 S4 601:602 S4 601:602 S4 601:602 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 4 dep S2 593:594 arg1 53 597:598 53 597:598 53 597:598 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 5 contain containing 494:503 arg1 % 555:555 26-28% 550:555 26-28% 550:555 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 5 contain containing 494:503 arg1 fraction 485:492 The fraction 481:492 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) 481:525 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 5 contain containing 494:503 arg1 abundant 540:547 abundant 540:547 abundant 540:547 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 5 contain containing 494:503 arg2 cellulose 512:520 cellulose 512:520 cellulose (S5) 512:525 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 5 contain containing 494:503 arg2 S5 523:524 S5 523:524 S5 523:524 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 5 contain containing 494:503 arg1 followed 559:566 followed 559:566 followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%) 559:646 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 2 6 theme work 225:228 arg1 aim 213:215 The aim 209:215 The aim of this work 209:228 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 4 7 theme alkaline 620:627 arg1 solutions 629:637 alkaline solutions 620:637 alkaline solutions (21-22%) 620:646 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 7 theme alkaline 620:627 arg1 % 645:645 21-22% 640:645 21-22% 640:645 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 6 8 theme S3 820:821 arg1 fractions 823:831 S2 and S3 fractions 813:831 S2 and S3 fractions 813:831 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 1 9 from rich 136:139 arg1 fiber 152:156 dietary fiber 144:156 dietary fiber (62-71%) 144:165 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 1 9 from rich 136:139 arg1 % 164:164 62-71% 159:164 62-71% 159:164 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 5 10 theme acids 708:712 arg1 percentage 687:696 the highest percentage 675:696 the highest percentage 675:696 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 5 11 theme pectin 751:756 arg1 presence 739:746 the presence 735:746 the presence of pectin 735:756 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 7 12 theme cell 905:908 arg1 material 915:922 the cell wall material 901:922 the cell wall material 901:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 7 13 theme main 885:888 arg1 portion 890:896 the main portion 881:896 the main portion of the cell wall material 881:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 7 13 theme main 885:888 arg1 fractions 848:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 0 14 theme Carbohydrate 0:11 arg1 composition 13:23 Carbohydrate composition 0:23 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products 0:74 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products flours. 25839811 5 15 theme S1 653:654 arg1 fraction 656:663 The S1 fraction 649:663 The S1 fraction 649:663 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 2 16 theme carbohydrate 253:264 arg1 composition 266:276 the carbohydrate composition 249:276 the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry 249:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 7 17 theme dietary 972:978 arg1 fiber 980:984 the dietary fiber 968:984 the dietary fiber 968:984 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 2 18 theme industry 371:378 arg1 stem 327:330 stem 327:330 stem 327:330 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 18 theme industry 371:378 arg1 sheath 343:348 median sheath 336:348 median sheath 336:348 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 18 theme industry 371:378 arg1 parts 320:324 the residual parts 307:324 the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry 307:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 0 19 theme peach 28:32 arg1 Kunth 57:61 Kunth 57:61 Kunth 57:61 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products flours. 25839811 0 19 theme peach 28:32 arg1 palm 34:37 peach palm 28:37 peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products 28:74 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products flours. 25839811 6 20 theme S2 813:814 arg1 fractions 823:831 S2 and S3 fractions 813:831 S2 and S3 fractions 813:831 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 5 21 theme highest 679:685 arg1 percentage 687:696 the highest percentage 675:696 the highest percentage 675:696 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 6 22 from proportion 799:808 arg1 fractions 823:831 S2 and S3 fractions 813:831 S2 and S3 fractions 813:831 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 4 23 theme fractions 582:590 arg1 sum 575:577 the sum 571:577 the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%) 571:646 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 7 24 theme insoluble 946:954 arg1 fraction 956:963 the insoluble fraction 942:963 the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber 942:984 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 5 25 contain contained 665:673 arg1 fraction 656:663 The S1 fraction 649:663 The S1 fraction 649:663 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 5 25 contain contained 665:673 arg2 percentage 687:696 the highest percentage 675:696 the highest percentage 675:696 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 0 26 theme palm 34:37 arg1 by-products 64:74 peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products 28:74 peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products 28:74 Carbohydrate composition of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) by-products flours. 25839811 6 27 theme high 794:797 arg1 proportion 799:808 high proportion 794:808 high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions 794:831 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 2 28 theme hearts-of-palm 356:369 arg1 industry 371:378 a hearts-of-palm industry 354:378 a hearts-of-palm industry 354:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 7 29 theme S5 845:846 arg1 portion 890:896 the main portion 881:896 the main portion of the cell wall material 881:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 7 29 theme S5 845:846 arg1 fractions 848:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 2 30 theme median 336:341 arg1 sheath 343:348 median sheath 336:348 median sheath 336:348 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 30 theme median 336:341 arg1 parts 320:324 the residual parts 307:324 the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry 307:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 31 theme flours 285:290 arg1 composition 266:276 the carbohydrate composition 249:276 the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry 249:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 4 32 dep abundant 540:547 arg1 % 555:555 26-28% 550:555 26-28% 550:555 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 32 dep abundant 540:547 arg1 followed 559:566 followed 559:566 followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%) 559:646 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 32 dep abundant 540:547 arg1 abundant 540:547 abundant 540:547 abundant 540:547 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 4 32 dep abundant 540:547 arg1 fraction 485:492 The fraction 481:492 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) 481:525 The fraction containing mostly cellulose (S5) was the most abundant (26-28%), followed by the sum of fractions (S2, 53, S4) extracted with alkaline solutions (21-22%). 25839811 6 33 located found 785:789 arg2 arabinose 770:778 arabinose 770:778 arabinose 770:778 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 6 33 located found 785:789 arg2 Xylose 759:764 Xylose 759:764 Xylose 759:764 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 6 33 located found 785:789 arg1 proportion 799:808 high proportion 794:808 high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions 794:831 Xylose and arabinose were found in high proportion in S2 and S3 fractions. 25839811 7 34 theme S4 838:839 arg1 portion 890:896 the main portion 881:896 the main portion of the cell wall material 881:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 7 34 theme S4 838:839 arg1 fractions 848:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 1 35 theme peach 109:113 arg1 by-products 120:130 peach palm by-products 109:130 peach palm by-products 109:130 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 1 36 theme palm 115:118 arg1 by-products 120:130 peach palm by-products 109:130 peach palm by-products 109:130 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 7 37 theme rich 859:862 arg1 portion 890:896 the main portion 881:896 the main portion of the cell wall material 881:922 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 7 37 theme rich 859:862 arg1 fractions 848:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions 834:856 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 1 38 used used 183:186 arg2 they 171:174 they 171:174 they 171:174 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 1 38 used used 183:186 arg2 ingredients 196:206 food ingredients 191:206 food ingredients 191:206 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 2 39 dep parts 320:324 arg1 stem 327:330 stem 327:330 stem 327:330 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 39 dep parts 320:324 arg1 sheath 343:348 median sheath 336:348 median sheath 336:348 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 39 dep parts 320:324 arg1 parts 320:324 the residual parts 307:324 the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry 307:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 7 40 from rich 859:862 arg1 glucose 867:873 glucose 867:873 glucose 867:873 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 5 41 theme uronic 701:706 arg1 acids 708:712 uronic acids 701:712 uronic acids 701:712 The S1 fraction contained the highest percentage of uronic acids, which characterizes the presence of pectin. 25839811 2 42 theme residual 311:318 arg1 stem 327:330 stem 327:330 stem 327:330 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 42 theme residual 311:318 arg1 sheath 343:348 median sheath 336:348 median sheath 336:348 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 2 42 theme residual 311:318 arg1 parts 320:324 the residual parts 307:324 the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry 307:378 The aim of this work was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the flours processed from the residual parts (stem and median sheath) of a hearts-of-palm industry. 25839811 7 43 from glucose 867:873 arg1 rich 859:862 rich 859:862 rich 859:862 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 1 44 from fiber 152:156 arg1 rich 136:139 rich 136:139 rich 136:139 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 1 44 from fiber 152:156 arg1 flours 88:93 The flours 84:93 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products 84:130 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 3 45 theme monomeric 444:452 arg1 compounds 454:462 compounds 454:462 compounds 454:462 The flours were fractionated, based on their solubility, whose monomeric compounds were determined. 25839811 7 46 theme fiber 980:984 arg1 fraction 956:963 the insoluble fraction 942:963 the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber 942:984 The S4 and S5 fractions, rich in glucose, were the main portion of the cell wall material and correspond to the insoluble fraction of the dietary fiber. 25839811 1 47 theme food 191:194 arg1 they 171:174 they 171:174 they 171:174 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 25839811 1 47 theme food 191:194 arg1 ingredients 196:206 food ingredients 191:206 food ingredients 191:206 The flours obtained from peach palm by-products are rich in dietary fiber (62-71%) and they can be used as food ingredients. 29222013 0 0 theme Caulerpa 95:102 arg1 lentillifera 104:115 Caulerpa lentillifera 95:115 Caulerpa lentillifera 95:115 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 5 1 dep ζ-potential 862:872 arg1 the 858:860 the 858:860 the 858:860 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 4 2 theme % 790:790 arg1 % 796:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 2 theme % 790:790 arg1 content 776:782 the highest sulfate content 756:782 the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%) 756:797 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 5 3 from differences 806:816 arg1 features 832:839 structural features 821:839 structural features 821:839 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 6 4 theme activity 1015:1022 arg1 evaluation 1024:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation 988:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation 988:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 8 5 theme health-improving 1486:1501 arg1 ingredients 1503:1513 health-improving ingredients 1486:1513 health-improving ingredients in functional foods 1486:1533 These results would help a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods. 29222013 3 6 theme percentage 642:651 arg1 ratio 653:657 a percentage ratio 640:657 a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa 640:690 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 5 7 theme ellipsoid-shaped 929:944 arg1 particles 946:954 rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles 911:954 rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles 911:954 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 4 8 theme uronic 725:730 arg1 % 749:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 8 theme uronic 725:730 arg1 acids 732:736 minor uronic acids 719:736 minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) 719:750 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 6 9 dep In 988:989 arg1 vitro 991:995 vitro 991:995 vitro 991:995 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 8 10 theme functional 1518:1527 arg1 foods 1529:1533 functional foods 1518:1533 functional foods 1518:1533 These results would help a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods. 29222013 6 11 theme macrophages 1225:1235 arg1 proliferation 1208:1220 proliferation 1208:1220 proliferation of macrophages 1208:1235 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 4 12 theme minor 719:723 arg1 % 749:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 12 theme minor 719:723 arg1 acids 732:736 minor uronic acids 719:736 minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) 719:750 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 7 13 theme natural 1362:1368 arg1 immunomodulator 1370:1384 a natural immunomodulator 1360:1384 a natural immunomodulator 1360:1384 Therefore, CLGP4 could be explored as a natural immunomodulator. 29222013 7 13 theme natural 1362:1368 arg1 CLGP4 1333:1337 CLGP4 1333:1337 CLGP4 1333:1337 Therefore, CLGP4 could be explored as a natural immunomodulator. 29222013 5 14 theme structural 821:830 arg1 features 832:839 structural features 821:839 structural features 821:839 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 6 15 theme immunostimulatory 997:1013 arg1 evaluation 1024:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation 988:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation 988:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 3 16 theme 1.00:2.15:2.40 662:675 arg1 ratio 653:657 a percentage ratio 640:657 a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa 640:690 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 4 17 theme sulfate 768:774 arg1 % 796:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 17 theme sulfate 768:774 arg1 content 776:782 the highest sulfate content 756:782 the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%) 756:797 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 5 18 theme CLGP4 896:900 arg1 ultrastructure 878:891 ultrastructure 878:891 ultrastructure 878:891 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 5 18 theme CLGP4 896:900 arg1 ζ-potential 862:872 ζ-potential 862:872 ζ-potential 862:872 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 8 19 from ingredients 1503:1513 arg1 foods 1529:1533 functional foods 1518:1533 functional foods 1518:1533 These results would help a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods. 29222013 2 20 theme xylogalactomanans 288:304 arg1 kind 280:283 a novel kind 272:283 a novel kind of xylogalactomanans 272:304 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 20 theme xylogalactomanans 288:304 arg1 They 245:248 They 245:248 They 245:248 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 3 21 from heteropolysaccharide 587:606 arg1 ratio 653:657 a percentage ratio 640:657 a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa 640:690 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 6 22 theme In 988:989 arg1 evaluation 1024:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation 988:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation 988:1033 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 6 23 theme immunostimulatory 1139:1155 arg1 activity 1157:1164 more potent immunostimulatory activity 1127:1164 more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function 1127:1193 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 8 24 theme lentillifera 1443:1454 arg1 polysaccharides 1456:1470 Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides 1434:1470 Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods 1434:1533 These results would help a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods. 29222013 8 25 theme polysaccharides 1456:1470 arg1 exploition 1420:1429 a fully exploition 1412:1429 a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods 1412:1533 These results would help a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods. 29222013 2 26 theme groups 409:414 arg1 content 373:379 the content 369:379 the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups 369:414 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 26 theme groups 409:414 arg1 weight 329:334 molecular weight 319:334 molecular weight 319:334 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 26 theme groups 409:414 arg1 composition 352:362 monosaccharide composition 337:362 monosaccharide composition 337:362 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 4 27 contain contained 709:717 arg1 CLGP4 703:707 CLGP4 703:707 CLGP4 703:707 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 27 contain contained 709:717 arg2 % 749:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 27 contain contained 709:717 arg2 acids 732:736 minor uronic acids 719:736 minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) 719:750 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 27 contain contained 709:717 arg2 % 796:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 27 contain contained 709:717 arg2 content 776:782 the highest sulfate content 756:782 the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%) 756:797 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 1 28 dep fractions 147:155 arg1 CLGP3 172:176 CLGP3 172:176 CLGP3 172:176 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 28 dep fractions 147:155 arg1 CLGP2 165:169 CLGP2 165:169 CLGP2 165:169 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 28 dep fractions 147:155 arg1 CLGP1 158:162 CLGP1 158:162 CLGP1 158:162 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 28 dep fractions 147:155 arg1 fractions 147:155 four purified fractions 133:155 four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) 133:187 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 28 dep fractions 147:155 arg1 CLGP4 182:186 CLGP4 182:186 CLGP4 182:186 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 2 29 theme sulfate 401:407 arg1 groups 409:414 sulfate groups 401:414 sulfate groups 401:414 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 30 theme novel 274:278 arg1 kind 280:283 a novel kind 272:283 a novel kind of xylogalactomanans 272:304 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 30 theme novel 274:278 arg1 They 245:248 They 245:248 They 245:248 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 31 theme acids 391:395 arg1 content 373:379 the content 369:379 the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups 369:414 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 31 theme acids 391:395 arg1 weight 329:334 molecular weight 319:334 molecular weight 319:334 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 31 theme acids 391:395 arg1 composition 352:362 monosaccharide composition 337:362 monosaccharide composition 337:362 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 0 32 theme immunostimulatory 38:54 arg1 activity 56:63 immunostimulatory activity 38:63 immunostimulatory activity 38:63 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 6 33 from activity 1297:1304 arg1 macrophages 1309:1319 macrophages 1309:1319 macrophages 1309:1319 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 6 34 theme phosphatase 1285:1295 arg1 activity 1297:1304 acid phosphatase activity 1280:1304 acid phosphatase activity 1280:1304 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 5 35 theme rubble- 917:923 arg1 particles 946:954 rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles 911:954 rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles 911:954 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 2 36 theme uronic 384:389 arg1 acids 391:395 uronic acids 384:395 uronic acids 384:395 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 6 37 theme acid 1280:1283 arg1 phosphatase 1285:1295 acid phosphatase 1280:1295 acid phosphatase activity 1280:1304 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 6 38 theme stronger 1177:1184 arg1 function 1186:1193 its stronger function 1173:1193 its stronger function 1173:1193 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 6 39 from production 1265:1274 arg1 macrophages 1309:1319 macrophages 1309:1319 macrophages 1309:1319 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 2 40 theme various 428:434 arg1 ζ-potential 436:446 various ζ-potential 428:446 various ζ-potential 428:446 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 0 41 theme novel 68:72 arg1 polysaccharides 74:88 novel polysaccharides 68:88 novel polysaccharides 68:88 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 4 42 theme highest 760:766 arg1 % 796:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 21.26%±1.22% 785:796 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 42 theme highest 760:766 arg1 content 776:782 the highest sulfate content 756:782 the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%) 756:797 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 5 43 contain had 841:843 arg1 differences 806:816 These differences 800:816 These differences in structural features 800:839 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 5 43 contain had 841:843 arg2 effect 848:853 an effect 845:853 an effect 845:853 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 2 44 theme molecular 319:327 arg1 weight 329:334 molecular weight 319:334 molecular weight 319:334 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 2 45 theme monosaccharide 337:350 arg1 composition 352:362 monosaccharide composition 337:362 monosaccharide composition 337:362 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 6 46 from phagocytosis 1248:1259 arg1 macrophages 1309:1319 macrophages 1309:1319 macrophages 1309:1319 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 8 47 theme Caulerpa 1434:1441 arg1 polysaccharides 1456:1470 Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides 1434:1470 Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods 1434:1533 These results would help a fully exploition of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides recognized as health-improving ingredients in functional foods. 29222013 3 48 with 1.00:2.15:2.40 662:675 arg1 3877.8kDa 682:690 3877.8kDa 682:690 3877.8kDa 682:690 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 6 49 theme potent 1132:1137 arg1 activity 1157:1164 more potent immunostimulatory activity 1127:1164 more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function 1127:1193 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 6 50 theme NO 1262:1263 arg1 production 1265:1274 NO production 1262:1274 NO production 1262:1274 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 4 51 theme % 743:743 arg1 % 749:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 2.37%±0.94% 739:749 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 4 51 theme % 743:743 arg1 acids 732:736 minor uronic acids 719:736 minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) 719:750 Moreover, CLGP4 contained minor uronic acids (2.37%±0.94%) and the highest sulfate content (21.26%±1.22%). 29222013 3 52 theme homogeneous 575:585 arg1 it 554:555 it 554:555 it 554:555 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 3 52 theme homogeneous 575:585 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 587:606 a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide 573:606 a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal 573:635 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 3 53 from others 543:548 arg1 different 524:532 different 524:532 different 524:532 Especially, CLGP4 was quite different from the others, as it was found to be a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide composed of Xyl, Man and Gal in a percentage ratio of 1.00:2.15:2.40 with 3877.8kDa. 29222013 6 54 theme due 1166:1168 arg1 activity 1157:1164 more potent immunostimulatory activity 1127:1164 more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function 1127:1193 In vitro immunostimulatory activity evaluation revealed that all the four fractions significantly stimulated macrophages, but CLGP4 showed more potent immunostimulatory activity due to its stronger function on promoting proliferation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, NO production and acid phosphatase activity in macrophages. 29222013 1 55 theme purified 138:145 arg1 CLGP3 172:176 CLGP3 172:176 CLGP3 172:176 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 55 theme purified 138:145 arg1 CLGP2 165:169 CLGP2 165:169 CLGP2 165:169 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 55 theme purified 138:145 arg1 CLGP1 158:162 CLGP1 158:162 CLGP1 158:162 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 55 theme purified 138:145 arg1 CLGP4 182:186 CLGP4 182:186 CLGP4 182:186 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 55 theme purified 138:145 arg1 fractions 147:155 four purified fractions 133:155 four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) 133:187 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 1 56 theme green 208:212 arg1 lentillifera 231:242 green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera 208:242 green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera 208:242 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 0 57 theme polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 0 57 theme polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 features 25:32 structural features 14:32 structural features 14:32 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 0 57 theme polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 activity 56:63 immunostimulatory activity 38:63 immunostimulatory activity 38:63 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 0 58 from lentillifera 104:115 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 0 58 from lentillifera 104:115 arg1 features 25:32 structural features 14:32 structural features 14:32 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 0 58 from lentillifera 104:115 arg1 activity 56:63 immunostimulatory activity 38:63 immunostimulatory activity 38:63 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 5 59 theme rod- 911:914 arg1 particles 946:954 rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles 911:954 rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles 911:954 These differences in structural features had an effect on the ζ-potential and ultrastructure of CLGP4, showing rod-, rubble- and ellipsoid-shaped particles with largest negatively charge. 29222013 1 60 theme seaweed 214:220 arg1 lentillifera 231:242 green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera 208:242 green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera 208:242 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 2 61 theme immunostimulatory 468:484 arg1 activity 486:493 immunostimulatory activity 468:493 immunostimulatory activity 468:493 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 0 62 theme structural 14:23 arg1 features 25:32 structural features 14:32 structural features 14:32 Purification, structural features and immunostimulatory activity of novel polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera. 29222013 2 63 dep identified 255:264 arg1 differed 307:314 differed 307:314 differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups 307:414 They were identified to be a novel kind of xylogalactomanans, differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and the content of uronic acids and sulfate groups, leading to various ζ-potential, ultrastructure and immunostimulatory activity. 29222013 1 64 theme Caulerpa 222:229 arg1 lentillifera 231:242 green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera 208:242 green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera 208:242 In this study, four purified fractions (CLGP1, CLGP2, CLGP3 and CLGP4) were prepared from green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. 27102285 6 0 dep Escherichia 1096:1106 arg1 coli 1108:1111 coli 1108:1111 coli 1108:1111 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 1 theme alpha 1051:1055 arg1 production 1057:1066 tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1029:1066 tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1029:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 2 theme Nissle 1113:1118 arg1 1917 1120:1123 Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 1096:1123 Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 1096:1123 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 0 3 theme Lactobacillus 101:113 arg1 casei 115:119 probiotic Lactobacillus casei 91:119 probiotic Lactobacillus casei 91:119 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 6 4 theme factor 1044:1049 arg1 alpha 1051:1055 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1029:1055 tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1029:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 5 from terms 1020:1024 arg1 response 992:999 the response 988:999 the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 988:1123 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 7 6 theme cross-talk 1290:1299 arg1 understanding 1195:1207 the understanding 1191:1207 the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1191:1299 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 4 7 theme chemical 592:599 arg1 compositions 601:612 chemical compositions 592:612 chemical compositions 592:612 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 4 8 theme LOCK 725:728 arg1 0919 730:733 L. casei LOCK 0919 716:733 L. casei LOCK 0919 716:733 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 6 9 from response 992:999 arg1 terms 1020:1024 terms 1020:1024 terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1020:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 7 10 theme biological 1216:1225 arg1 function 1227:1234 the biological function 1212:1234 the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1212:1299 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 4 11 theme L. 716:717 arg1 0919 730:733 L. casei LOCK 0919 716:733 L. casei LOCK 0919 716:733 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 7 12 theme bacteria-bacteria 1272:1288 arg1 cross-talk 1290:1299 the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1250:1299 the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1250:1299 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 7 13 theme immunochemical 1144:1157 arg1 crucial 1179:1185 crucial 1179:1185 crucial 1179:1185 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 7 13 theme immunochemical 1144:1157 arg1 characterization 1159:1174 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization 1126:1174 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization 1126:1174 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 7 14 theme function 1227:1234 arg1 understanding 1195:1207 the understanding 1191:1207 the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1191:1299 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 3 15 theme bacterial 456:464 arg1 mechanisms 476:485 the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms 446:485 the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations 446:513 However, the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations are still far from being understood. 27102285 2 16 theme microflora 390:399 arg1 problems 374:381 imbalance problems 364:381 imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders 364:434 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 4 17 from variations 574:583 arg1 compositions 601:612 chemical compositions 592:612 chemical compositions 592:612 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 4 17 from variations 574:583 arg1 properties 635:644 immunomodulatory properties 618:644 immunomodulatory properties 618:644 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 6 18 theme L. 1072:1073 arg1 WCFS1 1086:1090 L. planatarum WCFS1 1072:1090 L. planatarum WCFS1 1072:1090 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 19 from cells 1010:1014 arg1 terms 1020:1024 terms 1020:1024 terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1020:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 7 20 theme comprehensive 1130:1142 arg1 crucial 1179:1185 crucial 1179:1185 crucial 1179:1185 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 7 20 theme comprehensive 1130:1142 arg1 characterization 1159:1174 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization 1126:1174 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization 1126:1174 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 2 21 theme gut 386:388 arg1 microflora 390:399 gut microflora 386:399 gut microflora 386:399 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 6 22 theme THP-1 1004:1008 arg1 cells 1010:1014 THP-1 cells 1004:1014 THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) 1004:1067 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 23 theme necrosis 1035:1042 arg1 alpha 1051:1055 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1029:1055 tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1029:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 2 24 theme immune 308:313 arg1 responses 315:323 immune responses 308:323 immune responses 308:323 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 0 25 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 4 26 dep compositions 601:612 arg1 the 588:590 the 588:590 the 588:590 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 4 27 theme casei 719:723 arg1 0919 730:733 L. casei LOCK 0919 716:733 L. casei LOCK 0919 716:733 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 7 28 theme bacteria-host 1254:1266 arg1 cross-talk 1290:1299 the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1250:1299 the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk 1250:1299 The comprehensive immunochemical characterization is crucial for the understanding of the biological function as well as of the bacteria-host and bacteria-bacteria cross-talk. 27102285 1 29 theme dietary 195:201 arg1 management 203:212 the dietary management 191:212 the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED) 191:270 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 0 30 theme immunomodulatory 30:45 arg1 properties 47:56 immunomodulatory properties 30:56 immunomodulatory properties 30:56 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 0 31 attach isolated 77:84 arg2 polysaccharides 61:75 polysaccharides 61:75 polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei 61:119 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 0 31 attach isolated 77:84 arg1 casei 115:119 probiotic Lactobacillus casei 91:119 probiotic Lactobacillus casei 91:119 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 6 32 theme Escherichia 1096:1106 arg1 1917 1120:1123 Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 1096:1123 Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 1096:1123 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 3 33 theme exact 450:454 arg1 mechanisms 476:485 the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms 446:485 the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations 446:513 However, the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations are still far from being understood. 27102285 2 34 theme various 418:424 arg1 disorders 426:434 various disorders 418:434 various disorders 418:434 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 2 35 theme probiotic 286:294 arg1 use 277:279 The use 273:279 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses 273:323 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 2 35 theme probiotic 286:294 arg1 strategy 343:350 an interesting strategy 328:350 an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders 328:434 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 1 36 theme LOCK 164:167 arg1 strain 156:161 The Lactobacillus casei strain 132:161 The Lactobacillus casei strain 132:161 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 1 36 theme LOCK 164:167 arg1 0919 169:172 LOCK 0919 164:172 LOCK 0919 164:172 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 5 37 theme chemical 755:762 arg1 features 764:771 their chemical features 749:771 their chemical features 749:771 By virtue of their chemical features, such PS can modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. 27102285 3 38 theme such 498:501 arg1 modulations 503:513 such modulations 498:513 such modulations 498:513 However, the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations are still far from being understood. 27102285 6 39 theme cells 1010:1014 arg1 response 992:999 the response 988:999 the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 988:1123 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 40 theme Lactobacillus 928:940 arg1 WCFS1 953:957 Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1 928:957 Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1 928:957 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 1 41 theme food 217:220 arg1 allergies 222:230 food allergies 217:230 food allergies 217:230 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 5 42 theme features 764:771 arg1 virtue 739:744 virtue 739:744 virtue of their chemical features 739:771 By virtue of their chemical features, such PS can modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. 27102285 5 43 theme third-party 819:829 arg1 antigens 831:838 third-party antigens 819:838 third-party antigens 819:838 By virtue of their chemical features, such PS can modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. 27102285 1 44 theme allergies 222:230 arg1 management 203:212 the dietary management 191:212 the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED) 191:270 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 5 45 theme such 774:777 arg1 PS 779:780 such PS 774:780 such PS 774:780 By virtue of their chemical features, such PS can modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. 27102285 2 46 theme interesting 331:341 arg1 use 277:279 The use 273:279 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses 273:323 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 2 46 theme interesting 331:341 arg1 strategy 343:350 an interesting strategy 328:350 an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders 328:434 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 0 47 theme polysaccharides 61:75 arg1 characterization 9:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization 0:24 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 0 47 theme polysaccharides 61:75 arg1 properties 47:56 immunomodulatory properties 30:56 immunomodulatory properties 30:56 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 6 48 theme immune 909:914 arg1 response 916:923 the immune response 905:923 the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1 905:957 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 1 49 theme casei 150:154 arg1 strain 156:161 The Lactobacillus casei strain 132:161 The Lactobacillus casei strain 132:161 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 1 49 theme casei 150:154 arg1 0919 169:172 LOCK 0919 164:172 LOCK 0919 164:172 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 6 50 dep Lactobacillus 928:940 arg1 planatarum 942:951 planatarum 942:951 planatarum 942:951 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 51 dep L. 1072:1073 arg1 planatarum 1075:1084 planatarum 1075:1084 planatarum 1075:1084 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 3 52 theme signaling 466:474 arg1 mechanisms 476:485 the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms 446:485 the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations 446:513 However, the exact bacterial signaling mechanisms underlying such modulations are still far from being understood. 27102285 1 53 theme atopic 236:241 arg1 dermatitis 243:252 atopic dermatitis 236:252 atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED) 236:270 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 1 53 theme atopic 236:241 arg1 BIOMED 264:269 LATOPIC® BIOMED 255:269 LATOPIC® BIOMED 255:269 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 0 54 theme probiotic 91:99 arg1 casei 115:119 probiotic Lactobacillus casei 91:119 probiotic Lactobacillus casei 91:119 Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory properties of polysaccharides isolated from probiotic Lactobacillus casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 4 55 theme polysaccharides 653:667 arg1 compositions 601:612 chemical compositions 592:612 chemical compositions 592:612 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 4 55 theme polysaccharides 653:667 arg1 properties 635:644 immunomodulatory properties 618:644 immunomodulatory properties 618:644 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 27102285 5 56 theme immune 799:804 arg1 responses 806:814 the immune responses 795:814 the immune responses to third-party antigens 795:838 By virtue of their chemical features, such PS can modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. 27102285 2 57 theme imbalance 364:372 arg1 problems 374:381 imbalance problems 364:381 imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders 364:434 The use of a probiotic to modulate immune responses is an interesting strategy for solving imbalance problems of gut microflora that may lead to various disorders. 27102285 6 58 theme tumor 1029:1033 arg1 alpha 1051:1055 tumor necrosis factor alpha 1029:1055 tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1029:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 1 59 theme dermatitis 243:252 arg1 management 203:212 the dietary management 191:212 the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED) 191:270 The Lactobacillus casei strain, LOCK 0919, is intended for the dietary management of food allergies and atopic dermatitis (LATOPIC® BIOMED). 27102285 6 60 theme only 964:967 arg1 L919/B 969:974 only L919/B 964:974 only L919/B 964:974 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 6 61 theme production 1057:1066 arg1 terms 1020:1024 terms 1020:1024 terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production 1020:1066 Our results revealed that L919/A and L919/B could both modulate the immune response to Lactobacillus planatarum WCFS1, but only L919/B could alter the response of THP-1 cells (in terms of tumor necrosis factor alpha production) to L. planatarum WCFS1 and Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. 27102285 4 62 theme immunomodulatory 618:633 arg1 properties 635:644 immunomodulatory properties 618:644 immunomodulatory properties 618:644 Here, we investigated variations in the chemical compositions and immunomodulatory properties of the polysaccharides (PS), L919/A and L919/B, which are produced by L. casei LOCK 0919. 25748844 0 0 theme finger 78:83 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 finger citron polysaccharides 78:106 finger citron polysaccharides 78:106 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 7 1 theme Available 969:977 arg1 data 979:982 Available data 969:982 Available data obtained in vitro models 969:1007 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 1 2 theme finger 150:155 arg1 FC 172:173 FC 172:173 FC 172:173 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 2 theme finger 150:155 arg1 fruits 164:169 dried finger citron fruits 144:169 dried finger citron fruits (FC) 144:174 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 2 theme finger 150:155 arg1 medicines 195:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 7 3 from fruits 1115:1120 arg1 polysaccharides 1091:1105 crude polysaccharides 1085:1105 crude polysaccharides from FC fruits 1085:1120 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 1 4 theme citron 157:162 arg1 FC 172:173 FC 172:173 FC 172:173 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 4 theme citron 157:162 arg1 fruits 164:169 dried finger citron fruits 144:169 dried finger citron fruits (FC) 144:174 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 4 theme citron 157:162 arg1 medicines 195:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 5 theme chronic 229:235 arg1 diseases 237:244 chronic diseases 229:244 chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections 229:303 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 0 6 theme polysaccharides 92:106 arg1 bioactivity 63:73 bioactivity 63:73 bioactivity 63:73 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 0 6 theme polysaccharides 92:106 arg1 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 bioactivity 63:73 bioactivity 63:73 bioactivity 63:73 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 6 8 from power 914:918 arg1 OH 954:955 OH 954:955 OH 954:955 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 8 from power 914:918 arg1 O2 962:963 O2 962:963 O2 962:963 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 8 from power 914:918 arg1 DPPH 948:951 DPPH 948:951 DPPH 948:951 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 1 9 theme diseases 237:244 arg1 diversity 216:224 a diversity 214:224 a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections 214:303 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 0 10 theme citron 85:90 arg1 polysaccharides 92:106 finger citron polysaccharides 78:106 finger citron polysaccharides 78:106 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 8 11 theme physicochemical 1185:1199 arg1 properties 1227:1236 physicochemical and associated functional properties 1185:1236 physicochemical and associated functional properties 1185:1236 Hence, drying methods used for preparation of FCPs can affect physicochemical and associated functional properties. 25748844 4 12 dep showed 611:616 arg1 similar 634:640 similar 634:640 similar 634:640 The results showed these FCPs were similar in UV and FT-IR spectrum. 25748844 2 13 theme Many 306:309 arg1 properties 319:328 Many healing properties 306:328 Many healing properties 306:328 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 5 14 theme polysaccharides 741:755 arg1 contents 761:768 contents 761:768 contents of protein and ash 761:787 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 5 14 theme polysaccharides 741:755 arg1 yields 725:730 yields 725:730 yields of crude polysaccharides 725:755 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 7 15 theme FC 1112:1113 arg1 fruits 1115:1120 FC fruits 1112:1120 FC fruits 1112:1120 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 5 16 theme crude 735:739 arg1 polysaccharides 741:755 crude polysaccharides 735:755 crude polysaccharides 735:755 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 3 17 theme air 464:466 arg1 drying 446:451 freeze drying 439:451 freeze drying (FDM) 439:457 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 17 theme air 464:466 arg1 HDM 476:478 HDM 476:478 HDM 476:478 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 17 theme air 464:466 arg1 drying 468:473 hot air drying 460:473 hot air drying (HDM) 460:479 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 6 18 theme lower 861:865 arg1 weight 877:882 lower molecular weight 861:882 lower molecular weight distribution 861:895 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 4 19 from spectrum 658:665 arg1 similar 634:640 similar 634:640 similar 634:640 The results showed these FCPs were similar in UV and FT-IR spectrum. 25748844 6 20 with FCPs 851:854 arg1 abilities 935:943 scavenging abilities 924:943 scavenging abilities 924:943 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 20 with FCPs 851:854 arg1 distribution 884:895 lower molecular weight distribution 861:895 lower molecular weight distribution 861:895 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 20 with FCPs 851:854 arg1 power 914:918 higher reducing power 898:918 higher reducing power 898:918 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 2 21 theme FC 413:414 arg1 ingredients 398:408 the main active ingredients 382:408 the main active ingredients of FC 382:414 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 3 22 theme hot 460:462 arg1 drying 446:451 freeze drying 439:451 freeze drying (FDM) 439:457 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 22 theme hot 460:462 arg1 HDM 476:478 HDM 476:478 HDM 476:478 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 22 theme hot 460:462 arg1 drying 468:473 hot air drying 460:473 hot air drying (HDM) 460:479 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 6 23 from distribution 884:895 arg1 OH 954:955 OH 954:955 OH 954:955 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 23 from distribution 884:895 arg1 O2 962:963 O2 962:963 O2 962:963 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 23 from distribution 884:895 arg1 DPPH 948:951 DPPH 948:951 DPPH 948:951 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 3 24 theme vacuum 485:490 arg1 methods 499:505 vacuum drying methods 485:505 vacuum drying methods 485:505 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 5 25 theme protein 773:779 arg1 contents 761:768 contents 761:768 contents of protein and ash 761:787 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 5 25 theme protein 773:779 arg1 yields 725:730 yields 725:730 yields of crude polysaccharides 725:755 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 3 26 theme drying 492:497 arg1 methods 499:505 vacuum drying methods 485:505 vacuum drying methods 485:505 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 2 27 theme ingredients 398:408 arg1 ingredients 398:408 the main active ingredients 382:408 the main active ingredients of FC 382:414 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 2 27 theme ingredients 398:408 arg1 one 375:377 one 375:377 one 375:377 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 2 27 theme ingredients 398:408 arg1 polysaccharides 351:365 FC polysaccharides 348:365 FC polysaccharides (FCPs) 348:372 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 6 28 theme FCPs 851:854 arg1 properties 837:846 the properties 833:846 the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-) 833:966 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 4 29 from UV 645:646 arg1 similar 634:640 similar 634:640 similar 634:640 The results showed these FCPs were similar in UV and FT-IR spectrum. 25748844 6 30 theme scavenging 924:933 arg1 abilities 935:943 scavenging abilities 924:943 scavenging abilities 924:943 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 2 31 theme main 386:389 arg1 ingredients 398:408 the main active ingredients 382:408 the main active ingredients of FC 382:414 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 0 32 theme different 10:18 arg1 methods 27:33 different drying methods 10:33 different drying methods 10:33 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 8 33 theme functional 1216:1225 arg1 properties 1227:1236 physicochemical and associated functional properties 1185:1236 physicochemical and associated functional properties 1185:1236 Hence, drying methods used for preparation of FCPs can affect physicochemical and associated functional properties. 25748844 4 34 theme FT-IR 652:656 arg1 spectrum 658:665 FT-IR spectrum 652:665 FT-IR spectrum 652:665 The results showed these FCPs were similar in UV and FT-IR spectrum. 25748844 1 35 theme adjuvant 179:186 arg1 fruits 164:169 dried finger citron fruits 144:169 dried finger citron fruits (FC) 144:174 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 35 theme adjuvant 179:186 arg1 medicines 195:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 7 36 theme vitro 996:1000 arg1 models 1002:1007 vitro models 996:1007 vitro models 996:1007 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 3 37 theme antioxidant 567:577 arg1 properties 579:588 the physicochemical and antioxidant properties 543:588 the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs 543:596 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 1 38 theme herbal 188:193 arg1 fruits 164:169 dried finger citron fruits 144:169 dried finger citron fruits (FC) 144:174 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 38 theme herbal 188:193 arg1 medicines 195:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 0 39 theme methods 27:33 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 0:107 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 1 40 theme respiratory 276:286 arg1 infections 294:303 respiratory tract infections 276:303 respiratory tract infections 276:303 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 5 41 theme significant 689:699 arg1 differences 701:711 significant differences 689:711 significant differences (p<0.05) 689:720 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 5 41 theme significant 689:699 arg1 p<0.05 714:719 p<0.05 714:719 p<0.05 714:719 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 6 42 theme weight 877:882 arg1 distribution 884:895 lower molecular weight distribution 861:895 lower molecular weight distribution 861:895 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 0 43 theme drying 20:25 arg1 methods 27:33 different drying methods 10:33 different drying methods 10:33 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 7 44 theme appropriate 1035:1045 arg1 FDM 1024:1026 FDM 1024:1026 FDM 1024:1026 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 7 44 theme appropriate 1035:1045 arg1 treatment 1061:1069 an appropriate and effective treatment 1032:1069 an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits 1032:1120 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 1 45 theme tract 288:292 arg1 infections 294:303 respiratory tract infections 276:303 respiratory tract infections 276:303 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 3 46 theme physicochemical 547:561 arg1 properties 579:588 the physicochemical and antioxidant properties 543:588 the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs 543:596 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 0 47 theme chemical 38:45 arg1 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 composition 47:57 Effect of different drying methods on chemical composition and bioactivity of finger citron polysaccharides. 25748844 3 48 theme FCPs 593:596 arg1 properties 579:588 the physicochemical and antioxidant properties 543:588 the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs 543:596 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 6 49 from abilities 935:943 arg1 OH 954:955 OH 954:955 OH 954:955 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 49 from abilities 935:943 arg1 O2 962:963 O2 962:963 O2 962:963 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 49 from abilities 935:943 arg1 DPPH 948:951 DPPH 948:951 DPPH 948:951 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 8 50 theme drying 1130:1135 arg1 methods 1137:1143 drying methods 1130:1143 drying methods used for preparation of FCPs 1130:1172 Hence, drying methods used for preparation of FCPs can affect physicochemical and associated functional properties. 25748844 2 51 theme healing 311:317 arg1 properties 319:328 Many healing properties 306:328 Many healing properties 306:328 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 4 52 from similar 634:640 arg1 UV 645:646 UV 645:646 UV 645:646 The results showed these FCPs were similar in UV and FT-IR spectrum. 25748844 4 52 from similar 634:640 arg1 spectrum 658:665 FT-IR spectrum 652:665 FT-IR spectrum 652:665 The results showed these FCPs were similar in UV and FT-IR spectrum. 25748844 8 53 theme associated 1205:1214 arg1 properties 1227:1236 physicochemical and associated functional properties 1185:1236 physicochemical and associated functional properties 1185:1236 Hence, drying methods used for preparation of FCPs can affect physicochemical and associated functional properties. 25748844 8 54 theme FCPs 1169:1172 arg1 preparation 1154:1164 preparation 1154:1164 preparation of FCPs 1154:1172 Hence, drying methods used for preparation of FCPs can affect physicochemical and associated functional properties. 25748844 1 55 theme dried 144:148 arg1 FC 172:173 FC 172:173 FC 172:173 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 55 theme dried 144:148 arg1 fruits 164:169 dried finger citron fruits 144:169 dried finger citron fruits (FC) 144:174 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 1 55 theme dried 144:148 arg1 medicines 195:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 adjuvant herbal medicines 179:203 Traditionally, people like to take dried finger citron fruits (FC) as adjuvant herbal medicines to treat a diversity of chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension and respiratory tract infections. 25748844 6 56 theme reducing 905:912 arg1 power 914:918 higher reducing power 898:918 higher reducing power 898:918 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 7 57 theme crude 1085:1089 arg1 polysaccharides 1091:1105 crude polysaccharides 1085:1105 crude polysaccharides from FC fruits 1085:1120 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 3 58 theme drying 423:428 arg1 drying 446:451 freeze drying 439:451 freeze drying (FDM) 439:457 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 58 theme drying 423:428 arg1 VDM 508:510 VDM 508:510 VDM 508:510 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 58 theme drying 423:428 arg1 methods 430:436 Three drying methods 417:436 Three drying methods 417:436 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 5 59 theme ash 785:787 arg1 contents 761:768 contents 761:768 contents of protein and ash 761:787 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 5 59 theme ash 785:787 arg1 yields 725:730 yields 725:730 yields of crude polysaccharides 725:755 However, they showed significant differences (p<0.05) in yields of crude polysaccharides and contents of protein and ash. 25748844 3 60 theme freeze 439:444 arg1 drying 446:451 freeze drying 439:451 freeze drying (FDM) 439:457 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 60 theme freeze 439:444 arg1 drying 468:473 hot air drying 460:473 hot air drying (HDM) 460:479 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 60 theme freeze 439:444 arg1 FDM 454:456 FDM 454:456 FDM 454:456 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 3 60 theme freeze 439:444 arg1 methods 430:436 Three drying methods 417:436 Three drying methods 417:436 Three drying methods, freeze drying (FDM), hot air drying (HDM) and vacuum drying methods (VDM) were comparatively studied on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of FCPs. 25748844 6 61 theme higher 898:903 arg1 power 914:918 higher reducing power 898:918 higher reducing power 898:918 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 6 62 theme molecular 867:875 arg1 weight 877:882 lower molecular weight 861:882 lower molecular weight distribution 861:895 Compared with VDM and HDM, FDM resulted in the properties of FCPs with lower molecular weight distribution, higher reducing power and scavenging abilities on DPPH, OH, and O2(-). 25748844 2 63 theme active 391:396 arg1 ingredients 398:408 the main active ingredients 382:408 the main active ingredients of FC 382:414 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 2 64 theme FC 348:349 arg1 ingredients 398:408 the main active ingredients 382:408 the main active ingredients of FC 382:414 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 2 64 theme FC 348:349 arg1 FCPs 368:371 FCPs 368:371 FCPs 368:371 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 2 64 theme FC 348:349 arg1 one 375:377 one 375:377 one 375:377 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 2 64 theme FC 348:349 arg1 polysaccharides 351:365 FC polysaccharides 348:365 FC polysaccharides (FCPs) 348:372 Many healing properties are attributed to FC polysaccharides (FCPs), one of the main active ingredients of FC. 25748844 7 65 theme effective 1051:1059 arg1 FDM 1024:1026 FDM 1024:1026 FDM 1024:1026 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 25748844 7 65 theme effective 1051:1059 arg1 treatment 1061:1069 an appropriate and effective treatment 1032:1069 an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits 1032:1120 Available data obtained in vitro models suggested that FDM was an appropriate and effective treatment for obtaining crude polysaccharides from FC fruits. 27516251 7 0 theme hepatocellular 1265:1278 arg1 carcinoma 1280:1288 hepatocellular carcinoma 1265:1288 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 3 1 theme df 514:515 arg1 values 517:522 df values 514:522 df values 514:522 A decrease in df values indicated that SeASPs with different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW. 27516251 0 2 theme anti-tumor 101:110 arg1 activities 112:121 anti-tumor activities 101:121 anti-tumor activities in vitro 101:130 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 4 3 theme molecular 693:701 arg1 weight 703:708 low molecular weight 689:708 low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) 689:745 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 8 4 theme anti-tumor 1471:1480 arg1 activities 1482:1491 the anti-tumor activities 1467:1491 the anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide derivatives 1467:1521 This suggested that selenylation could significantly enhance the anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide derivatives in vitro. 27516251 1 5 theme 168-1703μg/g 269:280 arg1 range 260:264 the Se content range 245:264 the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 245:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 6 6 theme rigid 1139:1143 arg1 chains 1145:1150 the rigid chains 1135:1150 the rigid chains 1135:1150 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 7 7 theme A549 1323:1326 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 8 theme cell 1253:1256 arg1 lines 1258:1262 three tumor cell lines 1241:1262 three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) 1241:1376 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 3 9 theme different 551:559 arg1 features 576:583 different conformational features 551:583 different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW 551:616 A decrease in df values indicated that SeASPs with different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW. 27516251 6 10 theme conformational 1076:1089 arg1 transition 1091:1100 the conformational transition 1072:1100 the conformational transition 1072:1100 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 0 11 theme in 123:124 arg1 activities 112:121 anti-tumor activities 101:121 anti-tumor activities in vitro 101:130 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 8 12 theme polysaccharide 1496:1509 arg1 derivatives 1511:1521 polysaccharide derivatives 1496:1521 polysaccharide derivatives 1496:1521 This suggested that selenylation could significantly enhance the anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide derivatives in vitro. 27516251 4 13 theme g/mol 837:841 arg1 MW 814:815 MW 814:815 MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol 814:841 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 3 14 theme conformational 561:574 arg1 features 576:583 different conformational features 551:583 different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW 551:616 A decrease in df values indicated that SeASPs with different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW. 27516251 4 15 dep weight 703:708 arg1 MW 717:718 MW 717:718 MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol 717:744 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 4 15 dep weight 703:708 arg1 range 710:714 range 710:714 low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) 689:745 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 7 16 theme cervical 1338:1345 arg1 carcinoma 1356:1364 cervical squamous carcinoma 1338:1364 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 6 17 theme force 1026:1030 arg1 AFM 1044:1046 AFM 1044:1046 AFM 1044:1046 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 6 17 theme force 1026:1030 arg1 microscopy 1032:1041 atomic force microscopy 1019:1041 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1019:1047 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 4 18 theme compact 751:757 arg1 conformation 769:780 compact spherical conformation 751:780 compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 751:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 6 19 from evidence 1110:1117 arg1 shape 1126:1130 the shape 1122:1130 the shape of the rigid chains 1122:1150 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 1 20 theme selenized 180:188 arg1 SeASPs 232:237 SeASPs 232:237 SeASPs 232:237 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 1 20 theme selenized 180:188 arg1 polysaccharides 215:229 selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 180:229 selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 180:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 3 21 with SeASPs 539:544 arg1 features 576:583 different conformational features 551:583 different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW 551:616 A decrease in df values indicated that SeASPs with different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW. 27516251 0 22 dep in 123:124 arg1 vitro 126:130 vitro 126:130 vitro 126:130 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 1 23 theme Artemisia 190:198 arg1 SeASPs 232:237 SeASPs 232:237 SeASPs 232:237 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 1 23 theme Artemisia 190:198 arg1 polysaccharides 215:229 selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 180:229 selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 180:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 2 24 theme light 470:474 arg1 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 2 24 theme light 470:474 arg1 scattering 476:485 multi angle laser light scattering 452:485 multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) 452:497 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 8 25 theme derivatives 1511:1521 arg1 activities 1482:1491 the anti-tumor activities 1467:1491 the anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide derivatives 1467:1521 This suggested that selenylation could significantly enhance the anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide derivatives in vitro. 27516251 5 26 from degradation 868:878 arg1 HNO3 908:911 HNO3 908:911 HNO3 908:911 It could be due to the degradation of polysaccharide chains in HNO3, which was supported in monosaccharide composition analysis. 27516251 2 27 theme present 342:348 arg1 work 350:353 the present work 338:353 the present work 338:353 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 7 28 theme anti-proliferative 1206:1223 arg1 effects 1225:1231 greater anti-proliferative effects 1198:1231 greater anti-proliferative effects 1198:1231 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 1 29 theme sphaerocephala 200:213 arg1 SeASPs 232:237 SeASPs 232:237 SeASPs 232:237 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 1 29 theme sphaerocephala 200:213 arg1 polysaccharides 215:229 selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 180:229 selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 180:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 2 30 theme laser 464:468 arg1 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 2 30 theme laser 464:468 arg1 scattering 476:485 multi angle laser light scattering 452:485 multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) 452:497 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 3 31 from decrease 502:509 arg1 values 517:522 df values 514:522 df values 514:522 A decrease in df values indicated that SeASPs with different conformational features that were highly dependent on MW. 27516251 5 32 theme polysaccharide 883:896 arg1 chains 898:903 polysaccharide chains 883:903 polysaccharide chains 883:903 It could be due to the degradation of polysaccharide chains in HNO3, which was supported in monosaccharide composition analysis. 27516251 6 33 from transition 1091:1100 arg1 shape 1126:1130 the shape 1122:1130 the shape of the rigid chains 1122:1150 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 4 34 theme 1.29-1.52 675:683 arg1 value 666:670 df value 663:670 df value of 1.29-1.52 663:683 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 0 35 theme Artemisia 33:41 arg1 polysaccharides 58:72 selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 13:72 selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 13:72 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 5 36 theme monosaccharide 937:950 arg1 analysis 964:971 monosaccharide composition analysis 937:971 monosaccharide composition analysis 937:971 It could be due to the degradation of polysaccharide chains in HNO3, which was supported in monosaccharide composition analysis. 27516251 5 37 theme chains 898:903 arg1 degradation 868:878 the degradation 864:878 the degradation of polysaccharide chains in HNO3, which was supported in monosaccharide composition analysis 864:971 It could be due to the degradation of polysaccharide chains in HNO3, which was supported in monosaccharide composition analysis. 27516251 6 38 theme spectrophotometric 989:1006 arg1 method 1008:1013 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method 974:1013 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method 974:1013 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 0 39 theme selenium-containing 13:31 arg1 polysaccharides 58:72 selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 13:72 selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 13:72 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 1 40 theme Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 308:325 arg1 system 327:332 Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system 308:332 Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system 308:332 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 6 41 theme microscopy 1032:1041 arg1 results 1049:1055 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 974:1055 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 974:1055 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 4 42 theme rigid 643:647 arg1 conformation 649:660 a more rigid conformation 636:660 a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) 636:684 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 0 43 theme polysaccharides 58:72 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 0:131 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 7 44 theme dose-dependent 1383:1396 arg1 manner 1398:1403 a dose-dependent manner 1381:1403 a dose-dependent manner 1381:1403 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 4 45 dep weight 800:805 arg1 MW 814:815 MW 814:815 MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol 814:841 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 4 45 dep weight 800:805 arg1 range 807:811 range 807:811 high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 785:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 6 46 theme method 1008:1013 arg1 results 1049:1055 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 974:1055 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results 974:1055 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 4 47 theme df 663:664 arg1 value 666:670 df value 663:670 df value of 1.29-1.52 663:683 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 0 48 theme sphaerocephala 43:56 arg1 polysaccharides 58:72 selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 13:72 selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 13:72 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 7 49 theme adenocarcinom 1309:1321 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 4 50 theme g/mol 740:744 arg1 MW 717:718 MW 717:718 MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol 717:744 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 2 51 theme angle 458:462 arg1 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 2 51 theme angle 458:462 arg1 scattering 476:485 multi angle laser light scattering 452:485 multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) 452:497 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 2 52 theme exclusion 413:421 arg1 chromatography 423:436 size exclusion chromatography 408:436 size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) 408:497 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 0 53 theme Solution 75:82 arg1 conformation 84:95 Solution conformation 75:95 Solution conformation 75:95 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 7 54 dep lines 1258:1262 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 54 dep lines 1258:1262 arg1 cells 1297:1301 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 54 dep lines 1258:1262 arg1 cells 1371:1375 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 4 55 dep conformation 649:660 arg1 value 666:670 df value 663:670 df value of 1.29-1.52 663:683 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 2 56 theme solution 360:367 arg1 property 369:376 the solution property 356:376 the solution property of SeASP 356:385 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 7 57 theme Hela 1366:1369 arg1 cells 1371:1375 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 2 58 theme size 408:411 arg1 chromatography 423:436 size exclusion chromatography 408:436 size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) 408:497 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 1 59 with polysaccharides 215:229 arg1 range 260:264 the Se content range 245:264 the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 245:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 7 60 theme carcinoma 1356:1364 arg1 cells 1371:1375 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 61 theme HepG-2 1290:1295 arg1 cells 1297:1301 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 5 62 theme composition 952:962 arg1 analysis 964:971 monosaccharide composition analysis 937:971 monosaccharide composition analysis 937:971 It could be due to the degradation of polysaccharide chains in HNO3, which was supported in monosaccharide composition analysis. 27516251 7 63 theme carcinoma 1280:1288 arg1 cells 1297:1301 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells 1265:1301 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 6 64 theme chains 1145:1150 arg1 shape 1126:1130 the shape 1122:1130 the shape of the rigid chains 1122:1150 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 4 65 theme molecular 790:798 arg1 weight 800:805 high molecular weight 785:805 high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 785:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 7 66 theme greater 1198:1204 arg1 effects 1225:1231 greater anti-proliferative effects 1198:1231 greater anti-proliferative effects 1198:1231 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 67 theme squamous 1347:1354 arg1 carcinoma 1356:1364 cervical squamous carcinoma 1338:1364 cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells 1338:1375 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 6 68 theme red 980:982 arg1 method 1008:1013 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method 974:1013 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method 974:1013 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 4 69 theme spherical 759:767 arg1 conformation 769:780 compact spherical conformation 751:780 compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 751:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 2 70 theme SeASP 381:385 arg1 property 369:376 the solution property 356:376 the solution property of SeASP 356:385 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 1 71 theme Se 249:250 arg1 range 260:264 the Se content range 245:264 the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 245:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 7 72 theme vitro 1156:1160 arg1 assays 1173:1178 vitro anti-tumor assays 1156:1178 vitro anti-tumor assays 1156:1178 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 73 theme tumor 1247:1251 arg1 lines 1258:1262 three tumor cell lines 1241:1262 three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) 1241:1376 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 4 74 theme high 785:788 arg1 weight 800:805 high molecular weight 785:805 high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 785:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 2 75 theme multi 452:456 arg1 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 SEC-MALLS 488:496 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 2 75 theme multi 452:456 arg1 scattering 476:485 multi angle laser light scattering 452:485 multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) 452:497 In the present work, the solution property of SeASP was studied by using size exclusion chromatography combined with multi angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). 27516251 4 76 theme low 689:691 arg1 weight 703:708 low molecular weight 689:708 low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) 689:745 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 6 77 theme atomic 1019:1024 arg1 AFM 1044:1046 AFM 1044:1046 AFM 1044:1046 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 6 77 theme atomic 1019:1024 arg1 microscopy 1032:1041 atomic force microscopy 1019:1041 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 1019:1047 Congo red (CR) spectrophotometric method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results also confirmed the conformational transition and the evidence on the shape of the rigid chains. 27516251 1 78 theme content 252:258 arg1 range 260:264 the Se content range 245:264 the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g 245:280 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 7 79 theme anti-tumor 1162:1171 arg1 assays 1173:1178 vitro anti-tumor assays 1156:1178 vitro anti-tumor assays 1156:1178 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 7 80 theme lung 1304:1307 arg1 cells 1328:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 lung adenocarcinom A549 cells 1304:1332 In vitro anti-tumor assays, SeASP2 displayed greater anti-proliferative effects against three tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells, lung adenocarcinom A549 cells and cervical squamous carcinoma Hela cells) in a dose-dependent manner. 27516251 0 81 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 conformation 84:95 Solution conformation 75:95 Solution conformation 75:95 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 0 81 dep Synthesis 0:8 arg1 activities 112:121 anti-tumor activities 101:121 anti-tumor activities in vitro 101:130 Synthesis of selenium-containing Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides: Solution conformation and anti-tumor activities in vitro. 27516251 4 82 from conformation 769:780 arg1 weight 800:805 high molecular weight 785:805 high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 785:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27516251 1 83 theme previous 161:168 arg1 work 170:173 our previous work 157:173 our previous work 157:173 It has been reported in our previous work that selenized Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SeASPs) with the Se content range of 168-1703μg/g were synthesized by using Na2SeO3/HNO3/BaCl2 system. 27516251 4 84 from weight 703:708 arg1 weight 800:805 high molecular weight 785:805 high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol) 785:842 SeASPs exhibited a more rigid conformation (df value of 1.29-1.52) in low molecular weight range (MW of 1.026-1.426×10(4)g/mol) and compact spherical conformation in high molecular weight range (MW of 2.268-4.363×10(4)g/mol). 27596415 1 0 with gigas 175:179 arg1 H2O2 203:206 H2O2 203:206 H2O2 203:206 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 1 0 with gigas 175:179 arg1 oxygen 195:200 peroxide oxygen 186:200 peroxide oxygen (H2O2) 186:207 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 3 1 theme reaction 478:485 arg1 time 487:490 2.96h reaction time 472:490 2.96h reaction time 472:490 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 5 2 dep Fourier 665:671 arg1 transform 673:681 transform 673:681 transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities 673:776 The CGOs were then partially characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities. 27596415 2 3 theme absolute 298:305 arg1 ethanol 307:313 absolute ethanol 298:313 absolute ethanol 298:313 The hydrolysates were cleared of protein, filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated with absolute ethanol to give C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs). 27596415 3 4 theme H2O2 533:536 arg1 concentration 538:550 2.46% H2O2 concentration 527:550 2.46% H2O2 concentration 527:550 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 3 5 dep follows 463:469 arg1 time 487:490 2.96h reaction time 472:490 2.96h reaction time 472:490 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 3 5 dep follows 463:469 arg1 temperature 510:520 84.71°C reaction temperature 493:520 84.71°C reaction temperature 493:520 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 3 5 dep follows 463:469 arg1 concentration 538:550 2.46% H2O2 concentration 527:550 2.46% H2O2 concentration 527:550 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 1 6 theme polysaccharide 154:167 arg1 hydrolysis 140:149 hydrolysis 140:149 hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2) 140:207 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 5 7 theme UV 706:707 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 UV spectroscopy 706:720 UV spectroscopy 706:720 The CGOs were then partially characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities. 27596415 3 8 theme reaction 501:508 arg1 temperature 510:520 84.71°C reaction temperature 493:520 84.71°C reaction temperature 493:520 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 1 9 theme peroxide 186:193 arg1 H2O2 203:206 H2O2 203:206 H2O2 203:206 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 1 9 theme peroxide 186:193 arg1 oxygen 195:200 peroxide oxygen 186:200 peroxide oxygen (H2O2) 186:207 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 6 10 theme reducing 912:919 arg1 capacity 921:928 reducing capacity 912:928 reducing capacity 912:928 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 3 11 theme H2O2 425:428 arg1 concentration 430:442 H2O2 concentration 425:442 H2O2 concentration 425:442 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 3 12 dep time 402:405 arg1 i.e. 387:390 i.e. 387:390 i.e. 387:390 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 2 13 theme C. 323:324 arg1 CGOs 350:353 CGOs 350:353 CGOs 350:353 The hydrolysates were cleared of protein, filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated with absolute ethanol to give C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs). 27596415 2 13 theme C. 323:324 arg1 oligosaccharides 332:347 C. gigas oligosaccharides 323:347 C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs) 323:354 The hydrolysates were cleared of protein, filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated with absolute ethanol to give C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs). 27596415 0 14 theme Preparation 0:10 arg1 activities 28:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities 0:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas 0:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 3 15 theme CGO 375:377 arg1 yields 379:384 CGO yields 375:384 CGO yields 375:384 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 1 16 from hydrolysis 140:149 arg1 gigas 175:179 C. gigas 172:179 C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2) 172:207 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 3 17 theme 2.46 527:530 arg1 % 531:531 % 531:531 % 531:531 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 4 18 theme CGOs 598:601 arg1 yield 589:593 the maximum yield 577:593 the maximum yield of CGOs 577:601 Under these conditions, the maximum yield of CGOs reached 10.61%. 27596415 0 19 theme antioxidant 16:26 arg1 activities 28:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities 0:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas 0:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 3 20 theme % 531:531 arg1 concentration 538:550 2.46% H2O2 concentration 527:550 2.46% H2O2 concentration 527:550 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 0 21 theme oligosaccharides 42:57 arg1 activities 28:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities 0:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas 0:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 6 22 theme 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging 850:897 arg1 activity 899:906 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity 850:906 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity 850:906 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 5 23 theme antioxidant 755:765 arg1 activities 767:776 antioxidant activities 755:776 antioxidant activities 755:776 The CGOs were then partially characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities. 27596415 0 24 theme Crassostrea 64:74 arg1 gigas 76:80 Crassostrea gigas 64:80 Crassostrea gigas 64:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 0 25 from gigas 76:80 arg1 oligosaccharides 42:57 oligosaccharides 42:57 oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas 42:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 0 25 from gigas 76:80 arg1 activities 28:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities 0:37 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas 0:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 3 26 theme reaction 393:400 arg1 time 402:405 reaction time 393:405 reaction time 393:405 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 6 27 theme 100μg/mL 952:959 arg1 concentration 935:947 a concentration 933:947 a concentration of 100μg/mL 933:959 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 6 28 theme radical 832:838 arg1 activity 840:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 1 29 theme C. 172:173 arg1 gigas 175:179 C. gigas 172:179 C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2) 172:207 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 3 30 theme 2.96h 472:476 arg1 time 487:490 2.96h reaction time 472:490 2.96h reaction time 472:490 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 6 31 theme hydroxyl 823:830 arg1 activity 840:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 1 32 theme Crassostrea 119:129 arg1 gigas 131:135 Crassostrea gigas 119:135 Crassostrea gigas 119:135 Oligosaccharides were prepared from Crassostrea gigas by hydrolysis of polysaccharide in C. gigas with peroxide oxygen (H2O2). 27596415 6 33 theme strong 816:821 arg1 activity 840:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 2 34 theme gigas 326:330 arg1 CGOs 350:353 CGOs 350:353 CGOs 350:353 The hydrolysates were cleared of protein, filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated with absolute ethanol to give C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs). 27596415 2 34 theme gigas 326:330 arg1 oligosaccharides 332:347 C. gigas oligosaccharides 323:347 C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs) 323:354 The hydrolysates were cleared of protein, filtered, ultrafiltered and precipitated with absolute ethanol to give C. gigas oligosaccharides (CGOs). 27596415 5 35 dep transform 673:681 arg1 infrared 683:690 infrared 683:690 transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities 673:776 The CGOs were then partially characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities. 27596415 6 36 contain possessed 806:814 arg2 activity 899:906 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity 850:906 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity 850:906 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 6 36 contain possessed 806:814 arg2 capacity 921:928 reducing capacity 912:928 reducing capacity 912:928 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 6 36 contain possessed 806:814 arg2 activity 840:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 strong hydroxyl radical activity 816:847 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 6 36 contain possessed 806:814 arg1 CGOs 801:804 CGOs 801:804 CGOs 801:804 Results indicate that CGOs possessed strong hydroxyl radical activity, 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-radical-scavenging activity and reducing capacity at a concentration of 100μg/mL. 27596415 5 37 theme monosaccharide 723:736 arg1 composition 738:748 monosaccharide composition 723:748 monosaccharide composition 723:748 The CGOs were then partially characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities. 27596415 0 38 from activities 28:37 arg1 gigas 76:80 Crassostrea gigas 64:80 Crassostrea gigas 64:80 Preparation and antioxidant activities of oligosaccharides from Crassostrea gigas. 27596415 3 39 theme 84.71°C 493:499 arg1 temperature 510:520 84.71°C reaction temperature 493:520 84.71°C reaction temperature 493:520 Factors affecting CGO yields, i.e., reaction time, temperature, and H2O2 concentration, were optimised as follows: 2.96h reaction time, 84.71°C reaction temperature, and 2.46% H2O2 concentration. 27596415 4 40 theme maximum 581:587 arg1 yield 589:593 the maximum yield 577:593 the maximum yield of CGOs 577:601 Under these conditions, the maximum yield of CGOs reached 10.61%. 27474674 2 0 dep activities 486:495 arg1 activities 486:495 serum enzyme activities 473:495 serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) 473:515 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 0 dep activities 486:495 arg1 AST 503:505 AST 503:505 AST 503:505 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 0 dep activities 486:495 arg1 ALP 512:514 ALP 512:514 ALP 512:514 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 0 dep activities 486:495 arg1 ALT 498:500 ALT 498:500 ALT 498:500 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 1 dep levels 586:591 arg1 TC 594:595 TC 594:595 TC 594:595 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 1 dep levels 586:591 arg1 levels 586:591 hepatic lipid levels 572:591 hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG) 572:603 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 1 dep levels 586:591 arg1 TG 601:602 TG 601:602 TG 601:602 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 1 2 theme lipid 265:269 arg1 profiles 271:278 blood lipid profiles 259:278 blood lipid profiles metabolism 259:289 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 0 3 theme Termitomyces 91:102 arg1 albuminosus 104:114 Termitomyces albuminosus 91:114 Termitomyces albuminosus 91:114 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 1 4 theme profiles 271:278 arg1 metabolism 280:289 blood lipid profiles metabolism 259:289 blood lipid profiles metabolism 259:289 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 2 5 theme serum 518:522 arg1 VLDL-C 563:568 VLDL-C 563:568 VLDL-C 563:568 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 5 theme serum 518:522 arg1 TG 542:543 TG 542:543 TG 542:543 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 5 theme serum 518:522 arg1 HDL-C 546:550 HDL-C 546:550 HDL-C 546:550 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 5 theme serum 518:522 arg1 levels 530:535 serum lipid levels 518:535 serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C) 518:569 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 5 theme serum 518:522 arg1 TC 538:539 TC 538:539 TC 538:539 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 5 theme serum 518:522 arg1 LDL-C 553:557 LDL-C 553:557 LDL-C 553:557 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 6 theme lipid 580:584 arg1 TC 594:595 TC 594:595 TC 594:595 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 6 theme lipid 580:584 arg1 levels 586:591 hepatic lipid levels 572:591 hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG) 572:603 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 6 theme lipid 580:584 arg1 TG 601:602 TG 601:602 TG 601:602 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 7 theme lipid 415:419 arg1 levels 421:426 hepatic lipid levels 407:426 hepatic lipid levels 407:426 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 0 8 theme acidic 51:56 arg1 polysaccharides 72:86 enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 37:86 enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 37:86 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 2 9 theme hepatic 572:578 arg1 TC 594:595 TC 594:595 TC 594:595 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 9 theme hepatic 572:578 arg1 levels 586:591 hepatic lipid levels 572:591 hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG) 572:603 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 9 theme hepatic 572:578 arg1 TG 601:602 TG 601:602 TG 601:602 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 1 10 theme IPS 187:189 arg1 hydrolysis 173:182 the hydrolysis 169:182 the hydrolysis of IPS 169:189 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 2 11 theme serum 473:477 arg1 activities 486:495 serum enzyme activities 473:495 serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) 473:515 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 11 theme serum 473:477 arg1 AST 503:505 AST 503:505 AST 503:505 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 11 theme serum 473:477 arg1 ALP 512:514 ALP 512:514 ALP 512:514 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 11 theme serum 473:477 arg1 ALT 498:500 ALT 498:500 ALT 498:500 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 4 12 theme monosaccharide 856:869 arg1 compositions 871:882 the monosaccharide compositions 852:882 the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate 852:909 In addition, the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate were also processed. 27474674 3 13 theme natural 765:771 arg1 drugs 773:777 natural drugs 765:777 natural drugs 765:777 These conclusions indicated that EIPS, AIPS and IPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs on preventing the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia. 27474674 4 14 theme hydrolyzate 899:909 arg1 compositions 871:882 the monosaccharide compositions 852:882 the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate 852:909 In addition, the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate were also processed. 27474674 1 15 theme oxidative 295:303 arg1 stress 305:310 oxidative stress 295:310 oxidative stress 295:310 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 2 16 dep status 622:627 arg1 GSH-Px 635:640 GSH-Px 635:640 GSH-Px 635:640 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 16 dep status 622:627 arg1 CAT 643:645 CAT 643:645 CAT 643:645 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 16 dep status 622:627 arg1 LPO 664:666 LPO 664:666 LPO 664:666 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 16 dep status 622:627 arg1 SOD 630:632 SOD 630:632 SOD 630:632 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 16 dep status 622:627 arg1 T-AOC 648:652 T-AOC 648:652 T-AOC 648:652 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 16 dep status 622:627 arg1 MDA 655:657 MDA 655:657 MDA 655:657 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 3 17 theme emulsion-induced 806:821 arg1 hyperlipidemia 823:836 the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia 793:836 the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia 793:836 These conclusions indicated that EIPS, AIPS and IPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs on preventing the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia. 27474674 2 18 theme oxidative 443:451 arg1 stress 453:458 oxidative stress 443:458 oxidative stress 443:458 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 3 19 theme high-fat 797:804 arg1 hyperlipidemia 823:836 the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia 793:836 the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia 793:836 These conclusions indicated that EIPS, AIPS and IPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs on preventing the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia. 27474674 4 20 theme IPS 887:889 arg1 compositions 871:882 the monosaccharide compositions 852:882 the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate 852:909 In addition, the monosaccharide compositions of IPS and its hydrolyzate were also processed. 27474674 0 21 theme enzymatic 37:45 arg1 polysaccharides 72:86 enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 37:86 enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 37:86 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 2 22 theme lipid 524:528 arg1 VLDL-C 563:568 VLDL-C 563:568 VLDL-C 563:568 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 22 theme lipid 524:528 arg1 TG 542:543 TG 542:543 TG 542:543 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 22 theme lipid 524:528 arg1 HDL-C 546:550 HDL-C 546:550 HDL-C 546:550 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 22 theme lipid 524:528 arg1 levels 530:535 serum lipid levels 518:535 serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C) 518:569 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 22 theme lipid 524:528 arg1 TC 538:539 TC 538:539 TC 538:539 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 22 theme lipid 524:528 arg1 LDL-C 553:557 LDL-C 553:557 LDL-C 553:557 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 1 23 dep Termitomyces 196:207 arg1 albuminosus 209:219 Termitomyces albuminosus 196:219 Termitomyces albuminosus 196:219 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 0 24 theme intracellular 58:70 arg1 polysaccharides 72:86 enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 37:86 enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 37:86 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 2 25 dep levels 530:535 arg1 VLDL-C 563:568 VLDL-C 563:568 VLDL-C 563:568 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 25 dep levels 530:535 arg1 TG 542:543 TG 542:543 TG 542:543 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 25 dep levels 530:535 arg1 HDL-C 546:550 HDL-C 546:550 HDL-C 546:550 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 25 dep levels 530:535 arg1 levels 530:535 serum lipid levels 518:535 serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C) 518:569 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 25 dep levels 530:535 arg1 TC 538:539 TC 538:539 TC 538:539 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 25 dep levels 530:535 arg1 LDL-C 553:557 LDL-C 553:557 LDL-C 553:557 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 26 theme enzyme 479:484 arg1 activities 486:495 serum enzyme activities 473:495 serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) 473:515 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 26 theme enzyme 479:484 arg1 AST 503:505 AST 503:505 AST 503:505 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 26 theme enzyme 479:484 arg1 ALP 512:514 ALP 512:514 ALP 512:514 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 26 theme enzyme 479:484 arg1 ALT 498:500 ALT 498:500 ALT 498:500 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 2 27 theme antioxidant 610:620 arg1 status 622:627 antioxidant status 610:627 antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO) 610:667 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 1 28 theme pharmacological 232:246 arg1 effects 248:254 their pharmacological effects 226:254 their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress 226:310 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 1 29 from effects 248:254 arg1 metabolism 280:289 blood lipid profiles metabolism 259:289 blood lipid profiles metabolism 259:289 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 1 29 from effects 248:254 arg1 stress 305:310 oxidative stress 295:310 oxidative stress 295:310 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27474674 0 30 dep activities 23:32 arg1 albuminosus 104:114 Termitomyces albuminosus 91:114 Termitomyces albuminosus 91:114 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 2 31 theme hepatic 407:413 arg1 levels 421:426 hepatic lipid levels 407:426 hepatic lipid levels 407:426 The results demonstrated that EIPS was superior to IPS and AIPS on reducing hepatic lipid levels and preventing oxidative stress by improving serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP), serum lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C), hepatic lipid levels (TC and TG), and antioxidant status (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, MDA, and LPO). 27474674 0 32 theme polysaccharides 72:86 arg1 activities 23:32 The antihyperlipidemic activities 0:32 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 0:86 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 0 33 theme antihyperlipidemic 4:21 arg1 activities 23:32 The antihyperlipidemic activities 0:32 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides 0:86 The antihyperlipidemic activities of enzymatic and acidic intracellular polysaccharides by Termitomyces albuminosus. 27474674 3 34 theme functional 744:753 arg1 foods 755:759 functional foods 744:759 functional foods 744:759 These conclusions indicated that EIPS, AIPS and IPS might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs on preventing the high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia. 27474674 1 35 theme blood 259:263 arg1 profiles 271:278 blood lipid profiles 259:278 blood lipid profiles metabolism 259:289 Two polysaccharides, EIPS and AIPS were obtained by the hydrolysis of IPS from Termitomyces albuminosus, and their pharmacological effects on blood lipid profiles metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated. 27987759 11 0 theme lower 1619:1623 arg1 ratio 1634:1638 lower swelling ratio 1619:1638 lower swelling ratio 1619:1638 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 5 1 theme serum 687:691 arg1 BSA 702:704 BSA 702:704 BSA 702:704 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 5 1 theme serum 687:691 arg1 albumin 693:699 bovine serum albumin 680:699 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm 680:776 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 2 2 theme Schiff 388:393 arg1 reaction 401:408 the Schiff' base reaction 384:408 the Schiff' base reaction 384:408 In this study, we report a preparation of covalent hydrogels basing polysaccharides via the Schiff' base reaction. 27987759 6 3 theme current 924:930 arg1 work 932:935 the current work 920:935 the current work 920:935 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 4 4 theme amino 621:625 arg1 polysaccharides 650:664 polysaccharides 650:664 polysaccharides 650:664 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 4 4 theme amino 621:625 arg1 groups 640:645 amino and aldehyde groups 621:645 groups 640:645 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 1 5 attach derived 179:185 arg2 systems 268:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 5 attach derived 179:185 arg1 polysaccharides 200:214 natural polysaccharides 192:214 natural polysaccharides 192:214 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 5 attach derived 179:185 arg2 scaffolds 285:293 cell scaffolds 280:293 cell scaffolds 280:293 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 5 attach derived 179:185 arg2 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 5 attach derived 179:185 arg2 hydrogels 152:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 7 6 theme bioactive 1118:1126 arg1 properties 1128:1137 mechanical and bioactive properties 1103:1137 mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds 1103:1154 The results show that mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds can be significantly improved by embedding CMs. 27987759 13 7 theme cartilage 1974:1982 arg1 engineering 1991:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 12 8 theme injectable 1753:1762 arg1 scaffold 1764:1771 an injectable scaffold 1750:1771 an injectable scaffold 1750:1771 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. 27987759 11 9 theme slower 1644:1649 arg1 rate 1663:1666 slower degradation rate 1644:1666 slower degradation rate 1644:1666 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 7 10 theme mechanical 1103:1112 arg1 properties 1128:1137 mechanical and bioactive properties 1103:1137 mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds 1103:1154 The results show that mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds can be significantly improved by embedding CMs. 27987759 13 11 theme cell 1950:1953 arg1 system 1964:1969 an injectable drug and cell delivery system 1927:1969 system 1964:1969 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 2 12 theme covalent 338:345 arg1 hydrogels 347:355 covalent hydrogels 338:355 covalent hydrogels basing polysaccharides via the Schiff' base reaction 338:408 In this study, we report a preparation of covalent hydrogels basing polysaccharides via the Schiff' base reaction. 27987759 5 13 theme CMs/gel 899:905 arg1 scaffold 907:914 a composite CMs/gel scaffold 887:914 a composite CMs/gel scaffold 887:914 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 8 14 theme solid 1208:1212 arg1 filler 1233:1238 a filler 1231:1238 a filler 1231:1238 The solid CMs can serve as a filler to toughen the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels. 27987759 8 14 theme solid 1208:1212 arg1 CMs 1214:1216 The solid CMs 1204:1216 The solid CMs 1204:1216 The solid CMs can serve as a filler to toughen the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels. 27987759 5 15 dep fabricated 783:792 arg1 followed 831:838 followed 831:838 followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold 831:914 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 12 16 theme composite 1728:1736 arg1 hydrogel 1738:1745 the composite hydrogel 1724:1745 the composite hydrogel 1724:1745 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. 27987759 8 17 theme soft 1255:1258 arg1 hydrogels 1268:1276 the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels 1251:1276 the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels 1251:1276 The solid CMs can serve as a filler to toughen the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels. 27987759 5 18 theme CMC-OCS 858:864 arg1 hydrogels 866:874 CMC-OCS hydrogels 858:874 CMC-OCS hydrogels 858:874 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 6 19 theme mechanical 965:974 arg1 properties 976:985 mechanical properties 965:985 mechanical properties 965:985 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 1 20 theme delivery 259:266 arg1 hydrogels 152:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 20 theme delivery 259:266 arg1 systems 268:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 20 theme delivery 259:266 arg1 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 21 theme Injectable 141:150 arg1 hydrogels 152:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 21 theme Injectable 141:150 arg1 systems 268:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 21 theme Injectable 141:150 arg1 scaffolds 285:293 cell scaffolds 280:293 cell scaffolds 280:293 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 21 theme Injectable 141:150 arg1 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 5 22 theme chitosan-based 714:727 arg1 CMs 743:745 CMs 743:745 CMs 743:745 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 5 22 theme chitosan-based 714:727 arg1 microspheres 729:740 chitosan-based microspheres 714:740 chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) 714:746 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 6 23 theme BSA 1029:1031 arg1 release 1033:1039 BSA release 1029:1039 BSA release 1029:1039 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 13 24 theme injectable 1930:1939 arg1 drug 1941:1944 an injectable drug and cell delivery system 1927:1969 drug 1941:1944 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 0 25 theme chitosan 77:84 arg1 microspheres 86:97 chitosan microspheres 77:97 chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering 77:138 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 10 26 theme BSA 1450:1452 arg1 release 1439:1445 Cumulative release 1428:1445 Cumulative release of BSA during 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel 1428:1493 Cumulative release of BSA during 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel was 30%, which was significantly lower than those of CMs and hydrogels. 27987759 13 27 theme CMs 1893:1895 arg1 hydrogels 1914:1922 CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels 1893:1922 CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels 1893:1922 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 1 28 theme natural 192:198 arg1 polysaccharides 200:214 natural polysaccharides 192:214 natural polysaccharides 192:214 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 6 29 theme in 1004:1005 arg1 degradation 1013:1023 in vitro degradation 1004:1023 in vitro degradation 1004:1023 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 6 30 dep in 1004:1005 arg1 vitro 1007:1011 vitro 1007:1011 vitro 1007:1011 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 13 31 theme CMC-OCS 1906:1912 arg1 hydrogels 1914:1922 CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels 1893:1922 CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels 1893:1922 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 9 32 theme composite 1302:1310 arg1 scaffolds 1316:1324 composite gel scaffolds 1302:1324 composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres 1302:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 3 33 theme chondroitin 467:477 arg1 OCS 488:490 OCS 488:490 OCS 488:490 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 3 33 theme chondroitin 467:477 arg1 sulfate 479:485 oxidized chondroitin sulfate 458:485 oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) 458:491 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 0 34 theme tissue 121:126 arg1 engineering 128:138 tissue engineering 121:138 tissue engineering 121:138 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 9 35 theme scaffolds 1316:1324 arg1 modulus 1291:1297 Compressive modulus 1279:1297 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres 1279:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 3 36 theme soluble 417:423 arg1 CMC 449:451 CMC 449:451 CMC 449:451 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 3 36 theme soluble 417:423 arg1 chitosan 439:446 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan 411:446 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) 411:452 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 0 37 theme Covalent 0:7 arg1 sulfate 45:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate 0:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate 0:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 0 38 theme injectable 13:22 arg1 sulfate 45:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate 0:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate 0:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 9 39 theme microspheres 1348:1359 arg1 20mg/ml 1337:1343 20mg/ml 1337:1343 20mg/ml of microspheres 1337:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 6 40 theme CMs/gel 1048:1054 arg1 scaffolds 1056:1064 the CMs/gel scaffolds 1044:1064 the CMs/gel scaffolds 1044:1064 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 4 41 theme Schiff 591:596 arg1 reaction 604:611 the Schiff' base reaction 587:611 the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides 587:664 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 5 42 theme emulsion 800:807 arg1 method 823:828 an emulsion cross-linking method 797:828 an emulsion cross-linking method 797:828 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 12 43 theme bovine 1810:1815 arg1 chondrocytes 1827:1838 bovine articular chondrocytes 1810:1838 bovine articular chondrocytes 1810:1838 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. 27987759 11 44 theme control 1677:1683 arg1 hydrogel 1685:1692 the control hydrogel 1673:1692 the control hydrogel without CMs 1673:1704 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 7 45 theme scaffolds 1146:1154 arg1 properties 1128:1137 mechanical and bioactive properties 1103:1137 mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds 1103:1154 The results show that mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds can be significantly improved by embedding CMs. 27987759 12 46 theme chondrocytes 1827:1838 arg1 encapsulation 1793:1805 encapsulation 1793:1805 encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes 1793:1838 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. 27987759 0 47 with embedded 63:70 arg1 microspheres 86:97 chitosan microspheres 77:97 chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering 77:138 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 1 48 theme cell 280:283 arg1 hydrogels 152:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 48 theme cell 280:283 arg1 scaffolds 285:293 cell scaffolds 280:293 cell scaffolds 280:293 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 48 theme cell 280:283 arg1 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 5 49 theme cross-linking 809:821 arg1 method 823:828 an emulsion cross-linking method 797:828 an emulsion cross-linking method 797:828 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 6 50 theme gelation 938:945 arg1 rate 947:950 gelation rate 938:950 gelation rate 938:950 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 5 51 theme bovine 680:685 arg1 BSA 702:704 BSA 702:704 BSA 702:704 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 5 51 theme bovine 680:685 arg1 albumin 693:699 bovine serum albumin 680:699 bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm 680:776 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 11 52 theme CMs/gel 1591:1597 arg1 scaffolds 1599:1607 the composite CMs/gel scaffolds 1577:1607 the composite CMs/gel scaffolds 1577:1607 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 3 53 theme hydrogels 528:536 arg1 cross-linking 511:523 cross-linking 511:523 cross-linking of hydrogels 511:536 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 4 54 theme base 599:602 arg1 reaction 604:611 the Schiff' base reaction 587:611 the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides 587:664 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 11 55 theme swelling 1625:1632 arg1 ratio 1634:1638 lower swelling ratio 1619:1638 lower swelling ratio 1619:1638 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 13 56 theme tissue 1984:1989 arg1 engineering 1991:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 11 57 theme degradation 1651:1661 arg1 rate 1663:1666 slower degradation rate 1644:1666 slower degradation rate 1644:1666 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 2 58 theme hydrogels 347:355 arg1 preparation 323:333 a preparation 321:333 a preparation of covalent hydrogels basing polysaccharides via the Schiff' base reaction 321:408 In this study, we report a preparation of covalent hydrogels basing polysaccharides via the Schiff' base reaction. 27987759 5 59 theme composite 889:897 arg1 scaffold 907:914 a composite CMs/gel scaffold 887:914 a composite CMs/gel scaffold 887:914 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 6 60 theme swelling 988:995 arg1 ratio 997:1001 swelling ratio 988:1001 swelling ratio 988:1001 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 12 61 theme hydrogel 1738:1745 arg1 potential 1711:1719 The potential 1707:1719 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold 1707:1771 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. 27987759 13 62 theme delivery 1955:1962 arg1 system 1964:1969 an injectable drug and cell delivery system 1927:1969 system 1964:1969 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 4 63 theme polysaccharides 650:664 arg1 polysaccharides 650:664 polysaccharides 650:664 polysaccharides 650:664 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 4 63 theme polysaccharides 650:664 arg1 groups 640:645 amino and aldehyde groups 621:645 groups 640:645 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 1 64 theme drug 254:257 arg1 hydrogels 152:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels 141:160 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 64 theme drug 254:257 arg1 systems 268:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 drug delivery systems 254:274 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 1 64 theme drug 254:257 arg1 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 microspheres 166:177 Injectable hydrogels and microspheres derived from natural polysaccharides have been extensively investigated as drug delivery systems and cell scaffolds. 27987759 8 65 theme CMC-OCS 1260:1266 arg1 hydrogels 1268:1276 the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels 1251:1276 the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels 1251:1276 The solid CMs can serve as a filler to toughen the soft CMC-OCS hydrogels. 27987759 13 66 theme hydrogels 1914:1922 arg1 potential 1880:1888 the potential 1876:1888 the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering 1876:2001 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 13 67 from drug 1941:1944 arg1 engineering 1991:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 10 68 from hydrogel 1486:1493 arg1 2weeks 1461:1466 2weeks 1461:1466 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel 1461:1493 Cumulative release of BSA during 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel was 30%, which was significantly lower than those of CMs and hydrogels. 27987759 5 69 theme 3.8-61.6μm 767:776 arg1 diameter 755:762 a diameter 753:762 a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm 753:776 Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan-based microspheres (CMs) with a diameter of 3.8-61.6μm were fabricated by an emulsion cross-linking method, followed by embedding into CMC-OCS hydrogels to produce a composite CMs/gel scaffold. 27987759 0 70 theme drug 103:106 arg1 delivery 108:115 drug delivery 103:115 drug delivery 103:115 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 9 71 theme Compressive 1279:1289 arg1 modulus 1291:1297 Compressive modulus 1279:1297 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres 1279:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 13 72 from system 1964:1969 arg1 engineering 1991:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 cartilage tissue engineering 1974:2001 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 13 73 theme embedded 1897:1904 arg1 hydrogels 1914:1922 CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels 1893:1922 CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels 1893:1922 These results demonstrate the potential of CMs embedded CMC-OCS hydrogels as an injectable drug and cell delivery system in cartilage tissue engineering. 27987759 10 74 theme Cumulative 1428:1437 arg1 release 1439:1445 Cumulative release 1428:1445 Cumulative release of BSA during 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel 1428:1493 Cumulative release of BSA during 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel was 30%, which was significantly lower than those of CMs and hydrogels. 27987759 9 75 theme gel 1312:1314 arg1 scaffolds 1316:1324 composite gel scaffolds 1302:1324 composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres 1302:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 3 76 theme carboxymethyl 425:437 arg1 CMC 449:451 CMC 449:451 CMC 449:451 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 3 76 theme carboxymethyl 425:437 arg1 chitosan 439:446 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan 411:446 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) 411:452 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 9 77 contain containing 1326:1335 arg2 20mg/ml 1337:1343 20mg/ml 1337:1343 20mg/ml of microspheres 1337:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 9 77 contain containing 1326:1335 arg1 scaffolds 1316:1324 composite gel scaffolds 1302:1324 composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres 1302:1359 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 3 78 theme oxidized 458:465 arg1 OCS 488:490 OCS 488:490 OCS 488:490 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 3 78 theme oxidized 458:465 arg1 sulfate 479:485 oxidized chondroitin sulfate 458:485 oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) 458:491 Water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and oxidized chondroitin sulfate (OCS) were prepared for cross-linking of hydrogels. 27987759 0 79 theme chitosan-chondroitin 24:43 arg1 sulfate 45:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate 0:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate 0:51 Covalent and injectable chitosan-chondroitin sulfate hydrogels embedded with chitosan microspheres for drug delivery and tissue engineering. 27987759 6 80 theme scaffolds 1056:1064 arg1 properties 976:985 mechanical properties 965:985 mechanical properties 965:985 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 6 80 theme scaffolds 1056:1064 arg1 degradation 1013:1023 in vitro degradation 1004:1023 in vitro degradation 1004:1023 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 6 80 theme scaffolds 1056:1064 arg1 rate 947:950 gelation rate 938:950 gelation rate 938:950 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 6 80 theme scaffolds 1056:1064 arg1 release 1033:1039 BSA release 1029:1039 BSA release 1029:1039 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 6 80 theme scaffolds 1056:1064 arg1 morphology 953:962 morphology 953:962 morphology 953:962 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 6 80 theme scaffolds 1056:1064 arg1 ratio 997:1001 swelling ratio 988:1001 swelling ratio 988:1001 In the current work, gelation rate, morphology, mechanical properties, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation and BSA release of the CMs/gel scaffolds were examined. 27987759 4 81 theme cross-linking 556:568 arg1 mechanism 543:551 The mechanism 539:551 The mechanism of cross-linking 539:568 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 10 82 theme embedded 1477:1484 arg1 hydrogel 1486:1493 CMs embedded hydrogel 1473:1493 CMs embedded hydrogel 1473:1493 Cumulative release of BSA during 2weeks from CMs embedded hydrogel was 30%, which was significantly lower than those of CMs and hydrogels. 27987759 7 83 theme gel 1142:1144 arg1 scaffolds 1146:1154 gel scaffolds 1142:1154 gel scaffolds 1142:1154 The results show that mechanical and bioactive properties of gel scaffolds can be significantly improved by embedding CMs. 27987759 12 84 theme articular 1817:1825 arg1 chondrocytes 1827:1838 bovine articular chondrocytes 1810:1838 bovine articular chondrocytes 1810:1838 The potential of the composite hydrogel as an injectable scaffold was demonstrated by encapsulation of bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. 27987759 4 85 theme aldehyde 631:638 arg1 polysaccharides 650:664 polysaccharides 650:664 polysaccharides 650:664 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 4 85 theme aldehyde 631:638 arg1 groups 640:645 amino and aldehyde groups 621:645 groups 640:645 The mechanism of cross-linking is attributed to the Schiff' base reaction between amino and aldehyde groups of polysaccharides. 27987759 11 86 theme composite 1581:1589 arg1 scaffolds 1599:1607 the composite CMs/gel scaffolds 1577:1607 the composite CMs/gel scaffolds 1577:1607 Moreover, the composite CMs/gel scaffolds exhibited lower swelling ratio and slower degradation rate than the control hydrogel without CMs. 27987759 2 87 theme base 396:399 arg1 reaction 401:408 the Schiff' base reaction 384:408 the Schiff' base reaction 384:408 In this study, we report a preparation of covalent hydrogels basing polysaccharides via the Schiff' base reaction. 27987759 9 88 theme control 1398:1404 arg1 hydrogel 1406:1413 the control hydrogel 1394:1413 the control hydrogel without CMs 1394:1425 Compressive modulus of composite gel scaffolds containing 20mg/ml of microspheres was 13KPa, which was higher than the control hydrogel without CMs. 26424206 7 0 theme structural 1258:1267 arg1 property 1269:1276 the structural property 1254:1276 the structural property 1254:1276 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 1 theme NMR 1314:1316 arg1 spectrum 1318:1325 (1)H NMR spectrum 1309:1325 (1)H NMR spectrum 1309:1325 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 2 theme purified 1014:1021 arg1 polysaccharide 1023:1036 The purified polysaccharide 1010:1036 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa 1010:1069 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 2 3 dep crude 291:295 arg1 purified 315:322 purified 315:322 purified 315:322 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 2 3 dep crude 291:295 arg1 fractionated 298:309 fractionated 298:309 fractionated 298:309 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 8 4 theme alternative 1463:1473 arg1 source 1483:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source 1440:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant 1440:1503 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 8 5 theme low 1375:1377 arg1 weight 1389:1394 low molecular weight 1375:1394 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 0 6 from Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 Forsskal 91:98 Forsskal 91:98 Forsskal 91:98 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 0 6 from Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 debilis 82:88 debilis 82:88 debilis 82:88 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 8 7 dep industrial 1509:1518 arg1 uses 1520:1523 uses 1520:1523 uses 1520:1523 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 5 8 theme purified 809:816 arg1 % 824:824 purified - 4.13% 809:824 % 824:824 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 8 9 theme available 1453:1461 arg1 source 1483:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source 1440:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant 1440:1503 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 % 702:702 16.70% 697:702 16.70% 697:702 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 % 664:664 15.33% 659:664 15.33% 659:664 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 % 686:686 10.12% 681:686 10.12% 681:686 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 % 694:694 13.56% 689:694 13.56% 689:694 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 % 656:656 14.08% 651:656 14.08% 651:656 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 % 675:675 16.01% 670:675 16.01% 670:675 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 10 theme sulfate 560:566 arg1 contents 584:591 The sulfate and uronic acid contents 556:591 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified 556:631 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 5 11 dep crude 795:799 arg1 % 806:806 3.4% 803:806 3.4% 803:806 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 5 11 dep crude 795:799 arg1 % 824:824 purified - 4.13% 809:824 % 824:824 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 7 12 theme molecular 1047:1055 arg1 mass 1057:1060 the molecular mass 1043:1060 the molecular mass of 20kDa 1043:1069 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 2 13 theme crude 291:295 arg1 polysaccharide 324:337 the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide 287:337 the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide 287:337 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 7 14 theme H 1312:1312 arg1 spectrum 1318:1325 (1)H NMR spectrum 1309:1325 (1)H NMR spectrum 1309:1325 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 15 theme scavenging 1228:1237 arg1 activities 1239:1248 DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1168:1248 DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1168:1248 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 5 16 theme 4.13 820:823 arg1 % 824:824 purified - 4.13% 809:824 % 824:824 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 8 17 theme natural 1475:1481 arg1 source 1483:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source 1440:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant 1440:1503 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 1 18 theme gel 184:186 arg1 chromatography 188:201 gel chromatography 184:201 gel chromatography 184:201 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. 26424206 8 19 theme weight 1389:1394 arg1 polysaccharide 1405:1418 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 8 20 theme molecular 1379:1387 arg1 weight 1389:1394 low molecular weight 1375:1394 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 8 21 theme antioxidant 1493:1503 arg1 source 1483:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source 1440:1488 a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant 1440:1503 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 7 22 theme hydroxyl 1211:1218 arg1 radical 1220:1226 hydroxyl radical 1211:1226 hydroxyl radical 1211:1226 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 22 theme hydroxyl 1211:1218 arg1 radical 1182:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 23 theme DPPH 1168:1171 arg1 radical 1220:1226 hydroxyl radical 1211:1226 hydroxyl radical 1211:1226 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 23 theme DPPH 1168:1171 arg1 radical 1182:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 23 theme DPPH 1168:1171 arg1 radical 1202:1208 superoxide radical 1191:1208 superoxide radical 1191:1208 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 5 24 dep crude 841:845 arg1 % 871:871 purified - 0.56% 856:871 % 871:871 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 5 24 dep crude 841:845 arg1 % 853:853 1.22% 849:853 1.22% 849:853 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 5 25 theme elemental 709:717 arg1 composition 719:729 The elemental composition 705:729 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) 705:872 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 7 26 theme superoxide 1191:1200 arg1 radical 1182:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 26 theme superoxide 1191:1200 arg1 radical 1202:1208 superoxide radical 1191:1208 superoxide radical 1191:1208 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 27 dep spectrum 1318:1325 arg1 1 1310:1310 1 1310:1310 1 1310:1310 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 3 28 theme protein 533:539 arg1 contamination 541:553 protein contamination 533:553 protein contamination 533:553 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 29 from contamination 541:553 arg1 free 523:526 free 523:526 free 523:526 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 29 from contamination 541:553 arg1 polysaccharide 504:517 the polysaccharide 500:517 the polysaccharide 500:517 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 30 theme moisture 410:417 arg1 content 419:425 The ash and moisture content 398:425 content 419:425 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 30 theme moisture 410:417 arg1 % 484:484 14.2% 480:484 14.2% 480:484 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 7 31 theme hydroxyl 1173:1180 arg1 radical 1220:1226 hydroxyl radical 1211:1226 hydroxyl radical 1211:1226 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 31 theme hydroxyl 1173:1180 arg1 radical 1182:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 DPPH hydroxyl radical 1168:1188 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 31 theme hydroxyl 1173:1180 arg1 radical 1202:1208 superoxide radical 1191:1208 superoxide radical 1191:1208 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 1 32 theme Sulfated 102:109 arg1 polysaccharide 111:124 Sulfated polysaccharide 102:124 Sulfated polysaccharide 102:124 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. 26424206 3 33 theme purified 440:447 arg1 polysaccharide 449:462 crude and purified polysaccharide 430:462 crude and purified polysaccharide 430:462 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 0 34 theme anticoagulant 16:28 arg1 activity 30:37 anticoagulant activity 16:37 anticoagulant activity 16:37 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 7 35 theme radical 1182:1188 arg1 activities 1239:1248 DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1168:1248 DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities 1168:1248 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 6 36 theme polysaccharide 937:950 arg1 activity 912:919 The anticoagulant activity 894:919 The anticoagulant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide through APTT and PT 894:970 The anticoagulant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide through APTT and PT was estimated at 14.11 and 8.23IU/mg. 26424206 2 37 from sugars 277:282 arg1 polysaccharide 324:337 the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide 287:337 the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide 287:337 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 3 38 theme polysaccharide 449:462 arg1 content 419:425 The ash and moisture content 398:425 content 419:425 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 38 theme polysaccharide 449:462 arg1 % 484:484 14.2% 480:484 14.2% 480:484 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 0 39 theme sulfated 42:49 arg1 polysaccharide 51:64 sulfated polysaccharide 42:64 sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal) 42:99 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 7 40 dep activity 1098:1105 arg1 % 1113:1113 38.57% 1108:1113 38.57% 1108:1113 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 40 dep activity 1098:1105 arg1 % 1121:1121 43.48% 1116:1121 43.48% 1116:1121 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 40 dep activity 1098:1105 arg1 % 1132:1132 38.88% 1127:1132 38.88% 1127:1132 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 5 41 theme purified 765:772 arg1 % 781:781 purified - 21.05% 765:781 % 781:781 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 3 42 theme crude 430:434 arg1 polysaccharide 449:462 crude and purified polysaccharide 430:462 crude and purified polysaccharide 430:462 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 43 theme ash 402:404 arg1 content 419:425 The ash and moisture content 398:425 content 419:425 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 3 43 theme ash 402:404 arg1 % 484:484 14.2% 480:484 14.2% 480:484 The ash and moisture content of crude and purified polysaccharide was found to be 14.2% and 23.5% and the polysaccharide was free from protein contamination. 26424206 0 44 from debilis 82:88 arg1 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 0 44 from debilis 82:88 arg1 activity 30:37 anticoagulant activity 16:37 anticoagulant activity 16:37 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 0 44 from debilis 82:88 arg1 polysaccharide 51:64 sulfated polysaccharide 42:64 sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal) 42:99 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 4 45 dep crude 600:604 arg1 purified 624:631 purified 624:631 purified 624:631 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 45 dep crude 600:604 arg1 fractionated 607:618 fractionated 607:618 fractionated 607:618 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 6 46 theme sulfated 928:935 arg1 polysaccharide 937:950 the sulfated polysaccharide 924:950 the sulfated polysaccharide 924:950 The anticoagulant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide through APTT and PT was estimated at 14.11 and 8.23IU/mg. 26424206 0 47 theme polysaccharide 51:64 arg1 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 0 47 theme polysaccharide 51:64 arg1 activity 30:37 anticoagulant activity 16:37 anticoagulant activity 16:37 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 1 48 attach isolated 130:137 arg2 polysaccharide 111:124 Sulfated polysaccharide 102:124 Sulfated polysaccharide 102:124 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. 26424206 1 48 attach isolated 130:137 arg1 debilis 155:161 Gracilaria debilis 144:161 Gracilaria debilis 144:161 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. 26424206 7 49 theme highest 1078:1084 arg1 activity 1098:1105 highest antioxidant activity 1078:1105 highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) 1078:1133 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 7 50 theme antioxidant 1086:1096 arg1 activity 1098:1105 highest antioxidant activity 1078:1105 highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) 1078:1133 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 5 51 theme purified 856:863 arg1 % 871:871 purified - 0.56% 856:871 % 871:871 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 5 52 dep crude 749:753 arg1 % 781:781 purified - 21.05% 765:781 % 781:781 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 5 52 dep crude 749:753 arg1 % 762:762 23.12% 757:762 23.12% 757:762 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 7 53 theme 20kDa 1065:1069 arg1 mass 1057:1060 the molecular mass 1043:1060 the molecular mass of 20kDa 1043:1069 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 % 702:702 16.70% 697:702 16.70% 697:702 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 % 664:664 15.33% 659:664 15.33% 659:664 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 % 686:686 10.12% 681:686 10.12% 681:686 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 % 694:694 13.56% 689:694 13.56% 689:694 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 % 656:656 14.08% 651:656 14.08% 651:656 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 % 675:675 16.01% 670:675 16.01% 670:675 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 54 theme uronic 572:577 arg1 contents 584:591 The sulfate and uronic acid contents 556:591 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified 556:631 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 2 55 theme total 271:275 arg1 % 381:381 67.60% 376:381 67.60% 376:381 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 2 55 theme total 271:275 arg1 % 370:370 59.70% 365:370 59.70% 365:370 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 2 55 theme total 271:275 arg1 % 362:362 52.65% 357:362 52.65% 357:362 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 2 55 theme total 271:275 arg1 sugars 277:282 The total sugars 267:282 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide 267:337 The total sugars in the crude, fractionated and purified polysaccharide were estimated as 52.65%, 59.70% and 67.60%, respectively. 26424206 1 56 theme Gracilaria 144:153 arg1 debilis 155:161 Gracilaria debilis 144:161 Gracilaria debilis 144:161 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. 26424206 4 57 from contents 584:591 arg1 crude 600:604 crude 600:604 crude 600:604 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 5 58 theme 0.56 867:870 arg1 % 871:871 purified - 0.56% 856:871 % 871:871 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 7 59 with polysaccharide 1023:1036 arg1 mass 1057:1060 the molecular mass 1043:1060 the molecular mass of 20kDa 1043:1069 The purified polysaccharide with the molecular mass of 20kDa showed highest antioxidant activity (38.57%, 43.48% and 38.88%) in all the assays tested such as DPPH hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the structural property was analyzed through FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectrum. 26424206 1 60 theme molecular 213:221 arg1 weight 223:228 their molecular weight 207:228 their molecular weight 207:228 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Gracilaria debilis and purified through gel chromatography and their molecular weight was determined through AGE and PAGE. 26424206 6 61 theme anticoagulant 898:910 arg1 activity 912:919 The anticoagulant activity 894:919 The anticoagulant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide through APTT and PT 894:970 The anticoagulant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide through APTT and PT was estimated at 14.11 and 8.23IU/mg. 26424206 8 62 theme isolated 1366:1373 arg1 polysaccharide 1405:1418 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 8 63 theme sulfated 1396:1403 arg1 polysaccharide 1405:1418 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide 1362:1418 The results together suggest that the isolated low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide will demonstrate as a enormously available alternative natural source of antioxidant for industrial uses. 26424206 0 64 from activity 30:37 arg1 Forsskal 91:98 Forsskal 91:98 Forsskal 91:98 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 0 64 from activity 30:37 arg1 debilis 82:88 debilis 82:88 debilis 82:88 Antioxidant and anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria debilis (Forsskal). 26424206 5 65 theme 21.05 776:780 arg1 % 781:781 purified - 21.05% 765:781 % 781:781 The elemental composition including carbon (crude - 23.12%, purified - 21.05%), hydrogen (crude - 3.4%, purified - 4.13%) and nitrogen (crude - 1.22%, purified - 0.56%) were also analyzed. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 % 702:702 16.70% 697:702 16.70% 697:702 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 % 664:664 15.33% 659:664 15.33% 659:664 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 % 686:686 10.12% 681:686 10.12% 681:686 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 % 694:694 13.56% 689:694 13.56% 689:694 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 % 656:656 14.08% 651:656 14.08% 651:656 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 % 675:675 16.01% 670:675 16.01% 670:675 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 26424206 4 66 theme acid 579:582 arg1 contents 584:591 The sulfate and uronic acid contents 556:591 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified 556:631 The sulfate and uronic acid contents in the crude, fractionated and purified were estimated as 14.08%, 15.33% and 16.01% and 10.12%, 13.56%, 16.70%. 27561510 3 0 from homogenate 765:774 arg1 levels 658:663 the levels 654:663 the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 654:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 1 1 dep properties 114:123 arg1 compositions 163:174 monosaccharide compositions 148:174 monosaccharide compositions 148:174 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 1 1 dep properties 114:123 arg1 weights 136:142 molecular weights 126:142 molecular weights 126:142 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 5 2 theme hepatoprotective 996:1011 arg1 drugs 1013:1017 hepatoprotective drugs 996:1017 hepatoprotective drugs 996:1017 The study clearly demonstrated that ARPPs, especially ARPP80, might be suitable as functional foods or hepatoprotective drugs. 27561510 4 3 from dose 876:879 arg1 silymarin 854:862 the standard drug silymarin 836:862 the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg) 836:890 These hepatoprotective effects were comparable to those of the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg). 27561510 1 4 theme hepatoprotective 194:209 arg1 activities 211:220 hepatoprotective activities 194:220 hepatoprotective activities 194:220 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 3 5 theme tetrachloride-induced 457:477 arg1 hepatotoxicity 479:492 carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity 450:492 carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity 450:492 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 6 from glutathione 735:745 arg1 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 6 from glutathione 735:745 arg1 homogenate 765:774 liver homogenate 759:774 liver homogenate 759:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 0 7 from Anoectochilus 68:80 arg1 polysaccharides 47:61 polysaccharides 47:61 polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii 47:91 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 27561510 0 7 from Anoectochilus 68:80 arg1 activities 33:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 0:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 0:92 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 27561510 3 8 theme transferases 588:599 arg1 levels 550:555 the levels 546:555 the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde 546:621 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 2 9 theme concentration-dependent 397:419 arg1 manner 421:426 a concentration-dependent manner 395:426 a concentration-dependent manner 395:426 ARPP80 exhibited relatively strong antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. 27561510 4 10 theme standard 840:847 arg1 silymarin 854:862 the standard drug silymarin 836:862 the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg) 836:890 These hepatoprotective effects were comparable to those of the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg). 27561510 3 11 from serum 750:754 arg1 levels 658:663 the levels 654:663 the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 654:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 0 12 theme polysaccharides 47:61 arg1 activities 33:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 0:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 0:92 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 27561510 1 13 theme physicochemical 98:112 arg1 properties 114:123 The physicochemical properties 94:123 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions) 94:175 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 3 14 from peroxidase 712:721 arg1 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 14 from peroxidase 712:721 arg1 homogenate 765:774 liver homogenate 759:774 liver homogenate 759:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 15 theme carbon 450:455 arg1 hepatotoxicity 479:492 carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity 450:492 carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity 450:492 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 2 16 theme antioxidant 369:379 arg1 activities 381:390 relatively strong antioxidant activities 351:390 relatively strong antioxidant activities 351:390 ARPP80 exhibited relatively strong antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. 27561510 1 17 theme polysaccharides 225:239 arg1 antioxidant 178:188 antioxidant 178:188 antioxidant 178:188 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 1 17 theme polysaccharides 225:239 arg1 activities 211:220 hepatoprotective activities 194:220 hepatoprotective activities 194:220 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 1 17 theme polysaccharides 225:239 arg1 properties 114:123 The physicochemical properties 94:123 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions) 94:175 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 0 18 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activities 33:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 0:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 0:92 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 27561510 2 19 theme strong 362:367 arg1 activities 381:390 relatively strong antioxidant activities 351:390 relatively strong antioxidant activities 351:390 ARPP80 exhibited relatively strong antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. 27561510 5 20 theme functional 976:985 arg1 foods 987:991 functional foods 976:991 functional foods 976:991 The study clearly demonstrated that ARPPs, especially ARPP80, might be suitable as functional foods or hepatoprotective drugs. 27561510 1 21 theme molecular 126:134 arg1 weights 136:142 molecular weights 126:142 molecular weights 126:142 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 3 22 from dismutase 679:687 arg1 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 22 from dismutase 679:687 arg1 homogenate 765:774 liver homogenate 759:774 liver homogenate 759:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 0 23 theme hepatoprotective 16:31 arg1 activities 33:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 0:42 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 0:92 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 27561510 4 24 theme drug 849:852 arg1 silymarin 854:862 the standard drug silymarin 836:862 the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg) 836:890 These hepatoprotective effects were comparable to those of the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg). 27561510 4 25 theme hepatoprotective 783:798 arg1 effects 800:806 These hepatoprotective effects 777:806 These hepatoprotective effects 777:806 These hepatoprotective effects were comparable to those of the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg). 27561510 3 26 theme ARPP80 495:500 arg1 pretreatment 502:513 ARPP80 pretreatment 495:513 ARPP80 pretreatment 495:513 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 27 theme amino 582:586 arg1 transferases 588:599 alanine amino transferases 574:599 alanine amino transferases 574:599 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 28 dep significantly 515:527 arg1 p<0.01 530:535 p<0.01 530:535 p<0.01 530:535 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 29 from catalase 690:697 arg1 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 29 from catalase 690:697 arg1 homogenate 765:774 liver homogenate 759:774 liver homogenate 759:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 30 theme reduced 727:733 arg1 glutathione 735:745 reduced glutathione 727:745 reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 727:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 31 theme catalase 690:697 arg1 levels 658:663 the levels 654:663 the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 654:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 32 theme glutathione 735:745 arg1 levels 658:663 the levels 654:663 the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 654:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 33 theme superoxide 668:677 arg1 dismutase 679:687 superoxide dismutase 668:687 superoxide dismutase 668:687 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 34 theme alanine 574:580 arg1 transferases 588:599 alanine amino transferases 574:599 alanine amino transferases 574:599 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 35 theme dismutase 679:687 arg1 levels 658:663 the levels 654:663 the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 654:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 1 36 theme monosaccharide 148:161 arg1 compositions 163:174 monosaccharide compositions 148:174 monosaccharide compositions 148:174 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 3 37 dep reduced 538:544 arg1 p<0.01 637:642 p<0.01 637:642 p<0.01 637:642 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 37 dep reduced 538:544 arg1 restored 645:652 restored 645:652 restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 645:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 38 theme peroxidase 712:721 arg1 levels 658:663 the levels 654:663 the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate 654:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 39 theme aspartate 560:568 arg1 levels 550:555 the levels 546:555 the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde 546:621 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 4 40 theme same 871:874 arg1 200mg/kg 882:889 200mg/kg 882:889 200mg/kg 882:889 These hepatoprotective effects were comparable to those of the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg). 27561510 4 40 theme same 871:874 arg1 dose 876:879 the same dose 867:879 the same dose (200mg/kg) 867:890 These hepatoprotective effects were comparable to those of the standard drug silymarin at the same dose (200mg/kg). 27561510 1 41 attach isolated 276:283 arg2 ARPP80 268:273 ARPP80 268:273 ARPP80 268:273 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 1 41 attach isolated 276:283 arg1 roxburghii 304:313 Anoectochilus roxburghii 290:313 Anoectochilus roxburghii 290:313 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 1 41 attach isolated 276:283 arg2 ARPPs 242:246 ARPPs 242:246 ARPPs 242:246 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 1 41 attach isolated 276:283 arg2 polysaccharides 225:239 polysaccharides 225:239 polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii 225:313 The physicochemical properties (molecular weights and monosaccharide compositions), antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides (ARPPs: ARPP30, ARPP60 and ARPP80) isolated from Anoectochilus roxburghii were investigated. 27561510 3 42 from levels 658:663 arg1 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 serum 750:754 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 42 from levels 658:663 arg1 homogenate 765:774 liver homogenate 759:774 liver homogenate 759:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 43 theme liver 759:763 arg1 homogenate 765:774 liver homogenate 759:774 liver homogenate 759:774 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 3 44 theme malonyldialdehyde 605:621 arg1 levels 550:555 the levels 546:555 the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde 546:621 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 27561510 0 45 from activities 33:42 arg1 Anoectochilus 68:80 Anoectochilus 68:80 Anoectochilus 68:80 Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Anoectochilus roxburghii. 27561510 3 46 theme glutathione 700:710 arg1 peroxidase 712:721 glutathione peroxidase 700:721 glutathione peroxidase 700:721 In mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, ARPP80 pretreatment significantly (p<0.01) reduced the levels of aspartate and alanine amino transferases and malonyldialdehyde, prominently (p<0.01) restored the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in serum or liver homogenate. 26367132 7 0 theme partial 1471:1477 arg1 collapse 1486:1493 partial tunnel collapse 1471:1493 partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1471:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 2 1 theme active 609:614 arg1 sites 616:620 tunnel-enclosed active sites 593:620 tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains 593:683 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 3 2 theme structure-function 704:721 arg1 relationships 723:735 the structure-function relationships 700:735 the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs 700:783 Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. 26367132 6 3 theme temperature 1262:1272 arg1 optimum 1274:1280 a lower temperature optimum 1254:1280 a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively) 1254:1318 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 4 4 theme GH7 876:878 arg1 CBH 880:882 the GH7 CBH 872:882 the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A) 872:917 Accordingly, we report the comprehensive characterization of the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A). 26367132 8 5 theme loop 1665:1668 arg1 contacts 1670:1677 loop contacts 1665:1677 loop contacts across the active site 1665:1700 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 6 6 theme Avicel 1178:1183 arg1 cellulose 1185:1193 Avicel cellulose 1178:1193 Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A 1178:1213 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 10 7 theme high 1944:1947 arg1 processivity 1949:1960 high processivity and low endo-initiation probability 1944:1996 processivity 1949:1960 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 26367132 11 8 theme Structural 2029:2038 arg1 data 2040:2043 DATABASE Structural data 2020:2043 DATABASE Structural data 2020:2043 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 12 9 from GenBank 2236:2242 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 9 from GenBank 2236:2242 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 1 10 theme compact 270:276 arg1 discs 278:282 compact discs 270:282 compact discs 270:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 6 11 dep optimum 1274:1280 arg1 °C 1286:1287 50 °C 1283:1287 50 °C 1283:1287 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 6 11 dep optimum 1274:1280 arg1 °C 1302:1303 60-65 °C 1296:1303 60-65 °C 1296:1303 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 2 12 theme processive 634:643 arg1 cleavage 656:663 processive hydrolytic cleavage 634:663 processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains 634:683 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 11 13 dep numbers 2104:2110 arg1 4ZZT 2130:2133 4ZZT 2130:2133 4ZZT 2130:2133 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 13 dep numbers 2104:2110 arg1 5AMP 2112:2115 5AMP 2112:2115 5AMP 2112:2115 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 13 dep numbers 2104:2110 arg1 4ZZV 2118:2121 4ZZV 2118:2121 4ZZV 2118:2121 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 13 dep numbers 2104:2110 arg1 4ZZU 2140:2143 4ZZU 2140:2143 4ZZU 2140:2143 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 13 dep numbers 2104:2110 arg1 4ZZW 2124:2127 4ZZW 2124:2127 4ZZW 2124:2127 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 13 dep numbers 2104:2110 arg1 numbers 2104:2110 the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU 2090:2143 the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU 2090:2143 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 8 14 theme active 1690:1695 arg1 site 1697:1700 the active site 1686:1700 the active site 1686:1700 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 10 15 from fluctuations 1894:1905 arg1 simulations 1920:1930 molecular simulations 1910:1930 molecular simulations 1910:1930 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 26367132 7 16 theme loops 1442:1446 arg1 diversity 1412:1420 conformational diversity 1397:1420 conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1397:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 10 17 theme endo-initiation 1970:1984 arg1 probability 1986:1996 high processivity and low endo-initiation probability 1944:1996 probability 1986:1996 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 26367132 1 18 theme decay 203:207 arg1 candidum 165:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 1 18 theme decay 203:207 arg1 fungus 209:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus 177:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs 177:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 11 19 theme Data 2074:2077 arg1 Bank 2079:2082 the Protein Data Bank 2062:2082 the Protein Data Bank 2062:2082 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 3 20 theme GH7 776:778 arg1 CBHs 780:783 GH7 CBHs 776:783 GH7 CBHs 776:783 Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. 26367132 5 21 theme sequence 1061:1068 arg1 identity 1070:1077 64% sequence identity 1057:1077 64% sequence identity 1057:1077 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 2 22 theme cellulase 529:537 arg1 cocktails 539:547 industrial cellulase cocktails 518:547 industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion 518:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 6 23 theme product 1226:1232 arg1 inhibition 1234:1243 less product inhibition 1221:1243 less product inhibition 1221:1243 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 8 24 from site 1573:1576 arg1 structure 1595:1603 a GH7 crystal structure 1581:1603 a GH7 crystal structure 1581:1603 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 8 25 theme cellulose 1728:1736 arg1 surface 1738:1744 the cellulose surface 1724:1744 the cellulose surface 1724:1744 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 13 26 theme end 2323:2325 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 2334:2350 end acting cellobiohydrolase 2323:2350 end acting cellobiohydrolase 2323:2350 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 reducing end acting cellobiohydrolase. 26367132 11 27 theme accession 2094:2102 arg1 4ZZT 2130:2133 4ZZT 2130:2133 4ZZT 2130:2133 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 27 theme accession 2094:2102 arg1 5AMP 2112:2115 5AMP 2112:2115 5AMP 2112:2115 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 27 theme accession 2094:2102 arg1 4ZZV 2118:2121 4ZZV 2118:2121 4ZZV 2118:2121 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 27 theme accession 2094:2102 arg1 4ZZU 2140:2143 4ZZU 2140:2143 4ZZU 2140:2143 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 27 theme accession 2094:2102 arg1 4ZZW 2124:2127 4ZZW 2124:2127 4ZZW 2124:2127 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 11 27 theme accession 2094:2102 arg1 numbers 2104:2110 the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU 2090:2143 the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU 2090:2143 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 1 28 theme industrial 394:403 arg1 preparations 412:423 several industrial enzyme preparations 386:423 several industrial enzyme preparations 386:423 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 13 29 theme ENZYMES 2277:2283 arg1 family 2305:2310 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 2277:2312 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 2277:2312 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 reducing end acting cellobiohydrolase. 26367132 2 30 theme biomass 561:567 arg1 conversion 569:578 biomass conversion 561:578 biomass conversion 561:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 5 31 theme 64 1057:1058 arg1 % 1059:1059 % 1059:1059 % 1059:1059 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 1 32 theme ascomycete 143:152 arg1 candidum 165:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 1 32 theme ascomycete 143:152 arg1 fungus 209:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus 177:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs 177:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 6 33 theme similar 1195:1201 arg1 cellulose 1185:1193 Avicel cellulose 1178:1193 Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A 1178:1213 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 0 34 theme molecular 64:72 arg1 dynamics 74:81 molecular dynamics 64:81 molecular dynamics 64:81 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 5 35 theme jecorina 1130:1137 arg1 CBH 1114:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH 1084:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1084:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 5 36 theme cellulose-binding 967:983 arg1 CBM 993:995 CBM 993:995 CBM 993:995 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 5 36 theme cellulose-binding 967:983 arg1 module 985:990 a family 1 cellulose-binding module 956:990 a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) 956:996 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 0 37 theme Cel7A 104:108 arg1 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 0 37 theme Cel7A 104:108 arg1 characterization 24:39 biochemical characterization 12:39 biochemical characterization 12:39 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 0 37 theme Cel7A 104:108 arg1 structure 50:58 crystal structure 42:58 crystal structure 42:58 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 0 37 theme Cel7A 104:108 arg1 dynamics 74:81 molecular dynamics 64:81 molecular dynamics 64:81 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 5 38 theme archetypal 1088:1097 arg1 CBH 1114:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH 1084:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1084:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 13 39 theme hydrolase 2295:2303 arg1 family 2305:2310 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 2277:2312 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 2277:2312 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 reducing end acting cellobiohydrolase. 26367132 2 40 theme primary 494:500 arg1 constituents 502:513 the primary constituents 490:513 the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion 490:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 40 theme primary 494:500 arg1 cellobiohydrolases 460:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases 426:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 426:484 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 41 theme hydrolytic 645:654 arg1 cleavage 656:663 processive hydrolytic cleavage 634:663 processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains 634:683 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 0 42 theme Geotrichum 115:124 arg1 3C 135:136 Geotrichum candidum 3C 115:136 Geotrichum candidum 3C 115:136 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 5 43 theme GH7 1110:1112 arg1 CBH 1114:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH 1084:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1084:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 9 44 theme higher 1780:1785 arg1 flexibility 1792:1802 higher loop flexibility 1780:1802 higher loop flexibility 1780:1802 The GcaCel7A structures indicate higher loop flexibility than HjeCel7A, in accordance with sequence modifications. 26367132 12 45 theme cellobiohydrolase 2182:2198 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 45 theme cellobiohydrolase 2182:2198 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 1 46 theme discs 278:282 arg1 biodeterioration 250:265 biodeterioration 250:265 biodeterioration of compact discs 250:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 5 47 theme family 958:963 arg1 CBM 993:995 CBM 993:995 CBM 993:995 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 5 47 theme family 958:963 arg1 module 985:990 a family 1 cellulose-binding module 956:990 a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) 956:996 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 2 48 theme hydrolase 436:444 arg1 constituents 502:513 the primary constituents 490:513 the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion 490:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 48 theme hydrolase 436:444 arg1 CBHs 480:483 CBHs 480:483 CBHs 480:483 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 48 theme hydrolase 436:444 arg1 cellobiohydrolases 460:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases 426:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 426:484 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 49 theme chains 678:683 arg1 cleavage 656:663 processive hydrolytic cleavage 634:663 processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains 634:683 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 12 50 theme candidum 2161:2168 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 50 theme candidum 2161:2168 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 0 51 theme biochemical 12:22 arg1 characterization 24:39 biochemical characterization 12:39 biochemical characterization 12:39 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 8 52 gly O-glycosylation 1557:1571 arg2 site 1573:1576 the first O-glycosylation site 1547:1576 the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure 1547:1603 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 8 52 gly O-glycosylation 1557:1571 arg2 loop 1623:1626 a loop 1621:1626 a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface 1621:1744 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 4 53 theme comprehensive 838:850 arg1 characterization 852:867 the comprehensive characterization 834:867 the comprehensive characterization of the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A) 834:917 Accordingly, we report the comprehensive characterization of the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A). 26367132 13 54 theme acting 2327:2332 arg1 cellobiohydrolase 2334:2350 end acting cellobiohydrolase 2323:2350 end acting cellobiohydrolase 2323:2350 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 reducing end acting cellobiohydrolase. 26367132 3 55 dep activity 750:757 arg1 the 746:748 the 746:748 the 746:748 Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. 26367132 5 56 theme GH7 1024:1026 arg1 domain 1038:1043 a GH7 catalytic domain 1022:1043 a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1022:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 2 57 theme family 451:456 arg1 constituents 502:513 the primary constituents 490:513 the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion 490:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 57 theme family 451:456 arg1 CBHs 480:483 CBHs 480:483 CBHs 480:483 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 57 theme family 451:456 arg1 cellobiohydrolases 460:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases 426:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 426:484 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 12 58 theme family 2173:2178 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 58 theme family 2173:2178 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 8 59 theme first 1551:1555 arg1 site 1573:1576 the first O-glycosylation site 1547:1576 the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure 1547:1603 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 8 59 theme first 1551:1555 arg1 loop 1623:1626 a loop 1621:1626 a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface 1621:1744 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 7 60 theme tunnel 1479:1484 arg1 collapse 1486:1493 partial tunnel collapse 1471:1493 partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1471:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 11 61 from available 2049:2057 arg1 Bank 2079:2082 the Protein Data Bank 2062:2082 the Protein Data Bank 2062:2082 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 12 62 from available 2223:2231 arg1 GenBank 2236:2242 GenBank 2236:2242 GenBank 2236:2242 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 0 63 from 3C 135:136 arg1 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing 0:9 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 0 63 from 3C 135:136 arg1 characterization 24:39 biochemical characterization 12:39 biochemical characterization 12:39 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 0 63 from 3C 135:136 arg1 structure 50:58 crystal structure 42:58 crystal structure 42:58 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 0 63 from 3C 135:136 arg1 dynamics 74:81 molecular dynamics 64:81 molecular dynamics 64:81 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 7 64 with form 1461:1464 arg1 collapse 1486:1493 partial tunnel collapse 1471:1493 partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1471:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 7 65 from subsite 1498:1504 arg1 collapse 1486:1493 partial tunnel collapse 1471:1493 partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1471:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 2 66 theme tunnel-enclosed 593:607 arg1 sites 616:620 tunnel-enclosed active sites 593:620 tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains 593:683 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 8 67 theme crystal 1587:1593 arg1 structure 1595:1603 a GH7 crystal structure 1581:1603 a GH7 crystal structure 1581:1603 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 10 68 theme small 1888:1892 arg1 fluctuations 1894:1905 small fluctuations 1888:1905 small fluctuations in molecular simulations 1888:1930 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 26367132 6 69 theme lower 1256:1260 arg1 optimum 1274:1280 a lower temperature optimum 1254:1280 a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively) 1254:1318 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 11 70 theme DATABASE 2020:2027 arg1 data 2040:2043 DATABASE Structural data 2020:2043 DATABASE Structural data 2020:2043 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 1 71 theme versatile 179:187 arg1 candidum 165:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 1 71 theme versatile 179:187 arg1 fungus 209:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus 177:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs 177:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 7 72 theme tunnel-enclosing 1425:1440 arg1 form 1461:1464 a form 1459:1464 a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1459:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 7 72 theme tunnel-enclosing 1425:1440 arg1 loops 1442:1446 tunnel-enclosing loops 1425:1446 tunnel-enclosing loops 1425:1446 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 7 73 theme conformational 1397:1410 arg1 diversity 1412:1420 conformational diversity 1397:1420 conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7 1397:1538 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 1 74 theme efficient 193:201 arg1 candidum 165:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 1 74 theme efficient 193:201 arg1 fungus 209:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus 177:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs 177:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 4 75 theme CBH 880:882 arg1 characterization 852:867 the comprehensive characterization 834:867 the comprehensive characterization of the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A) 834:917 Accordingly, we report the comprehensive characterization of the GH7 CBH secreted by G. candidum (GcaCel7A). 26367132 10 76 theme low 1966:1968 arg1 probability 1986:1996 high processivity and low endo-initiation probability 1944:1996 probability 1986:1996 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 26367132 2 77 theme cocktails 539:547 arg1 constituents 502:513 the primary constituents 490:513 the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion 490:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 77 theme cocktails 539:547 arg1 feature 585:591 feature 585:591 feature 585:591 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 77 theme cocktails 539:547 arg1 cellobiohydrolases 460:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases 426:477 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 426:484 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 7 78 theme bound 1363:1367 arg1 thio-oligosaccharides 1369:1389 bound thio-oligosaccharides 1363:1389 bound thio-oligosaccharides 1363:1389 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 3 79 theme CBHs 780:783 arg1 stability 763:771 stability 763:771 stability 763:771 Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. 26367132 3 79 theme CBHs 780:783 arg1 activity 750:757 activity 750:757 activity 750:757 Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. 26367132 2 80 theme industrial 518:527 arg1 cocktails 539:547 industrial cellulase cocktails 518:547 industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion 518:578 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 6 81 theme less 1221:1224 arg1 inhibition 1234:1243 less product inhibition 1221:1243 less product inhibition 1221:1243 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 10 82 theme similar 1999:2005 arg1 processivity 1949:1960 high processivity and low endo-initiation probability 1944:1996 processivity 1949:1960 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 26367132 1 83 theme several 386:392 arg1 preparations 412:423 several industrial enzyme preparations 386:423 several industrial enzyme preparations 386:423 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 5 84 theme bimodular 924:932 arg1 cellulase 934:942 The bimodular cellulase 920:942 The bimodular cellulase 920:942 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 3 85 theme keen 796:799 arg1 interest 801:808 keen interest 796:808 keen interest 796:808 Understanding the structure-function relationships defining the activity and stability of GH7 CBHs is thus of keen interest. 26367132 1 86 theme enzyme 405:410 arg1 preparations 412:423 several industrial enzyme preparations 386:423 several industrial enzyme preparations 386:423 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 13 87 theme Glycoside 2285:2293 arg1 family 2305:2310 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 2277:2312 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 2277:2312 ENZYMES Glycoside hydrolase family 7 reducing end acting cellobiohydrolase. 26367132 7 88 theme crystal 1326:1332 arg1 structures 1334:1343 Five crystal structures 1321:1343 Five crystal structures 1321:1343 Five crystal structures, with and without bound thio-oligosaccharides, show conformational diversity of tunnel-enclosing loops, including a form with partial tunnel collapse at subsite -4 not reported previously in GH7. 26367132 5 89 theme % 1059:1059 arg1 identity 1070:1077 64% sequence identity 1057:1077 64% sequence identity 1057:1077 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 1 90 theme Geotrichum 154:163 arg1 candidum 165:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum 139:172 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 1 90 theme Geotrichum 154:163 arg1 fungus 209:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus 177:214 a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs 177:282 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 0 91 theme cellobiohydrolase 86:102 arg1 Cel7A 104:108 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 86:108 cellobiohydrolase Cel7A 86:108 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 5 92 theme Hypocrea 1121:1128 arg1 HjeCel7A 1140:1147 HjeCel7A 1140:1147 HjeCel7A 1140:1147 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 5 92 theme Hypocrea 1121:1128 arg1 jecorina 1130:1137 Hypocrea jecorina 1121:1137 Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1121:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 1 93 theme filter 340:345 arg1 paper 347:351 filter paper 340:351 filter paper 340:351 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 2 94 theme cellulose 668:676 arg1 chains 678:683 cellulose chains 668:683 cellulose chains 668:683 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 9 95 theme GcaCel7A 1751:1758 arg1 structures 1760:1769 The GcaCel7A structures 1747:1769 The GcaCel7A structures 1747:1769 The GcaCel7A structures indicate higher loop flexibility than HjeCel7A, in accordance with sequence modifications. 26367132 12 96 theme accession 2250:2258 arg1 number 2260:2265 accession number KJ958925 2250:2274 accession number KJ958925 2250:2274 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 8 97 with contacts 1670:1677 arg1 surface 1738:1744 the cellulose surface 1724:1744 the cellulose surface 1724:1744 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 11 98 from Bank 2079:2082 arg1 available 2049:2057 available 2049:2057 available 2049:2057 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 0 99 theme candidum 126:133 arg1 3C 135:136 Geotrichum candidum 3C 115:136 Geotrichum candidum 3C 115:136 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 5 100 theme industrial 1099:1108 arg1 CBH 1114:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH 1084:1116 the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1084:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 8 101 with interactions 1706:1717 arg1 surface 1738:1744 the cellulose surface 1724:1744 the cellulose surface 1724:1744 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 9 102 theme loop 1787:1790 arg1 flexibility 1792:1802 higher loop flexibility 1780:1802 higher loop flexibility 1780:1802 The GcaCel7A structures indicate higher loop flexibility than HjeCel7A, in accordance with sequence modifications. 26367132 2 103 theme Glycoside 426:434 arg1 GH 447:448 GH 447:448 GH 447:448 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 2 103 theme Glycoside 426:434 arg1 hydrolase 436:444 Glycoside hydrolase 426:444 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) 426:484 Glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) are the primary constituents of industrial cellulase cocktails employed in biomass conversion, and feature tunnel-enclosed active sites that enable processive hydrolytic cleavage of cellulose chains. 26367132 12 104 theme nucleotide 2200:2209 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 104 theme nucleotide 2200:2209 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 0 105 theme crystal 42:48 arg1 structure 50:58 crystal structure 42:58 crystal structure 42:58 Sequencing, biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular dynamics of cellobiohydrolase Cel7A from Geotrichum candidum 3C. 26367132 6 106 contain has 1250:1252 arg2 optimum 1274:1280 a lower temperature optimum 1254:1280 a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively) 1254:1318 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 6 106 contain has 1250:1252 arg1 GcaCel7A 1151:1158 GcaCel7A 1151:1158 GcaCel7A 1151:1158 GcaCel7A shows activity on Avicel cellulose similar to HjeCel7A, with less product inhibition, but has a lower temperature optimum (50 °C versus 60-65 °C, respectively). 26367132 12 107 theme Geotrichum 2150:2159 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 107 theme Geotrichum 2150:2159 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 1 108 theme 3C 298:299 arg1 strain 301:306 the 3C strain 294:306 the 3C strain 294:306 The ascomycete Geotrichum candidum is a versatile and efficient decay fungus that is involved, for example, in biodeterioration of compact discs; notably, the 3C strain was previously shown to degrade filter paper and cotton more efficiently than several industrial enzyme preparations. 26367132 5 109 theme catalytic 1028:1036 arg1 domain 1038:1043 a GH7 catalytic domain 1022:1043 a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A) 1022:1148 The bimodular cellulase consists of a family 1 cellulose-binding module (CBM) and linker connected to a GH7 catalytic domain that shares 64% sequence identity with the archetypal industrial GH7 CBH of Hypocrea jecorina (HjeCel7A). 26367132 11 110 theme Protein 2066:2072 arg1 Bank 2079:2082 the Protein Data Bank 2062:2082 the Protein Data Bank 2062:2082 DATABASE Structural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5AMP, 4ZZV, 4ZZW, 4ZZT, and 4ZZU. 26367132 8 111 theme O-glycosylation 1557:1571 arg1 site 1573:1576 the first O-glycosylation site 1547:1576 the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure 1547:1603 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 8 111 theme O-glycosylation 1557:1571 arg1 loop 1623:1626 a loop 1621:1626 a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface 1621:1744 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 12 112 theme GH 2170:2171 arg1 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 available 2223:2231 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 12 112 theme GH 2170:2171 arg1 sequence 2211:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence 2146:2218 The Geotrichum candidum GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase nucleotide sequence is available in GenBank under accession number KJ958925. 26367132 9 113 theme sequence 1838:1845 arg1 modifications 1847:1859 sequence modifications 1838:1859 sequence modifications 1838:1859 The GcaCel7A structures indicate higher loop flexibility than HjeCel7A, in accordance with sequence modifications. 26367132 8 114 theme GH7 1583:1585 arg1 structure 1595:1603 a GH7 crystal structure 1581:1603 a GH7 crystal structure 1581:1603 Also, the first O-glycosylation site in a GH7 crystal structure is reported--on a loop where the glycan probably influences loop contacts across the active site and interactions with the cellulose surface. 26367132 10 115 theme molecular 1910:1918 arg1 simulations 1920:1930 molecular simulations 1910:1930 molecular simulations 1910:1930 However, GcaCel7A retains small fluctuations in molecular simulations, suggesting high processivity and low endo-initiation probability, similar to HjeCel7A. 27720967 0 0 theme Violet 82:87 arg1 adsorption 89:98 Crystal Violet adsorption 74:98 Crystal Violet adsorption 74:98 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 1 1 from media 292:296 arg1 dye 275:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye 255:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media 255:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 1 from media 292:296 arg1 adsorption 241:250 the adsorption 237:250 the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media 237:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 6 2 theme pyrrole 1035:1041 arg1 biomass 1111:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 1 3 theme chitosan 149:156 arg1 aniline 158:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 9 4 theme prepared 1460:1467 arg1 composites 1469:1478 prepared composites 1460:1478 prepared composites 1460:1478 Composites also showed good desorption properties, which revealed the recycling ability of prepared composites. 27720967 6 5 theme following 965:973 arg1 order 975:979 following order 965:979 following order 965:979 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 0 6 theme Crystal 74:80 arg1 adsorption 89:98 Crystal Violet adsorption 74:98 Crystal Violet adsorption 74:98 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 6 7 theme composite>polyaniline 1043:1063 arg1 biomass 1111:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 1 8 theme aniline 158:164 arg1 Composites 101:110 Composites 101:110 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste 101:204 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 8 theme aniline 158:164 arg1 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 8 theme aniline 158:164 arg1 aniline 158:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 8 theme aniline 158:164 arg1 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 8 theme aniline 158:164 arg1 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 8 theme aniline 158:164 arg1 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 4 9 theme 50°C 740:743 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 9 theme 50°C 740:743 arg1 temperature 745:755 50°C temperature 740:755 50°C temperature 740:755 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 7 10 theme Freundlich 1162:1171 arg1 isotherm 1173:1180 Freundlich isotherm 1162:1180 Freundlich isotherm 1162:1180 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 3 11 dep Thermodynamic 419:431 arg1 models 469:474 models 469:474 models 469:474 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 7 12 theme kinetic 1144:1150 arg1 model 1152:1156 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1120:1156 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1120:1156 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 5 13 with Effect 808:813 arg1 surfactants 856:866 surfactants 856:866 surfactants 856:866 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions were also studied. 27720967 5 13 with Effect 808:813 arg1 ions 882:885 co-metals ions 872:885 co-metals ions 872:885 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions were also studied. 27720967 5 13 with Effect 808:813 arg1 salts 849:853 salts 849:853 salts 849:853 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions were also studied. 27720967 4 14 theme CV 625:626 arg1 adsorption 628:637 Maximum CV adsorption 617:637 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g 617:650 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 1 15 theme Crystal 255:261 arg1 dye 275:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye 255:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media 255:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 4 16 theme initial 717:723 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 16 theme initial 717:723 arg1 temperature 745:755 50°C temperature 740:755 50°C temperature 740:755 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 16 theme initial 717:723 arg1 and>7pH 799:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 16 theme initial 717:723 arg1 time 772:775 60min contact time 758:775 60min contact time 758:775 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 17 dep achieved 656:663 arg1 composite 688:696 chitosan aniline composite 671:696 chitosan aniline composite 671:696 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 2 18 theme composite 327:335 arg1 doses 337:341 composite doses 327:341 composite doses 327:341 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 1 19 theme Violet 263:268 arg1 dye 275:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye 255:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media 255:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 7 20 dep limiting 1273:1280 arg1 rate 1268:1271 rate 1268:1271 rate 1268:1271 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 4 21 theme chitosan 671:678 arg1 composite 688:696 chitosan aniline composite 671:696 chitosan aniline composite 671:696 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 7 22 theme pseudo-second-order 1124:1142 arg1 model 1152:1156 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1120:1156 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1120:1156 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 3 23 theme equilibrium 434:444 arg1 modelling 446:454 equilibrium modelling 434:454 equilibrium modelling 434:454 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 1 24 dep polyaniline 115:125 arg1 pyrrole 179:185 pyrrole 179:185 pyrrole 179:185 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 6 25 theme composite>native 1087:1102 arg1 biomass 1111:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 3 26 dep mechanism 541:549 arg1 the 537:539 the 537:539 the 537:539 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 7 27 theme intraparticle 1236:1248 arg1 diffusion 1250:1258 intraparticle diffusion 1236:1258 intraparticle diffusion 1236:1258 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 7 27 theme intraparticle 1236:1248 arg1 step 1282:1285 the rate limiting step 1264:1285 the rate limiting step 1264:1285 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 4 28 theme dose 794:797 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 28 theme dose 794:797 arg1 and>7pH 799:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 2 29 dep doses 337:341 arg1 i.e. 321:324 i.e. 321:324 i.e. 321:324 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 1 30 theme chitosan 170:177 arg1 Composites 101:110 Composites 101:110 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste 101:204 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 30 theme chitosan 170:177 arg1 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 30 theme chitosan 170:177 arg1 aniline 158:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 30 theme chitosan 170:177 arg1 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 30 theme chitosan 170:177 arg1 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 30 theme chitosan 170:177 arg1 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 7 31 theme adsorption 1216:1225 arg1 data 1227:1230 the CV equilibrium adsorption data 1197:1230 the CV equilibrium adsorption data 1197:1230 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 6 32 theme adsorption 913:922 arg1 efficiencies 924:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies 906:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents 906:949 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 4 33 theme Maximum 617:623 arg1 adsorption 628:637 Maximum CV adsorption 617:637 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g 617:650 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 5 34 theme pre-treatments 829:842 arg1 Effect 808:813 Effect 808:813 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions 808:885 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions were also studied. 27720967 0 35 theme Biopolymers 0:10 arg1 composites 12:21 Biopolymers composites 0:21 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 0:99 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 6 36 theme adsorbents 940:949 arg1 efficiencies 924:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies 906:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents 906:949 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 5 37 theme composites 818:827 arg1 pre-treatments 829:842 composites pre-treatments 818:842 composites pre-treatments 818:842 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions were also studied. 27720967 6 38 theme composite>polypyrrole 1065:1085 arg1 biomass 1111:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 0 39 theme peanut 28:33 arg1 biomass 46:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 1 40 theme CV 271:272 arg1 dye 275:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye 255:277 Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media 255:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 4 41 theme contact 764:770 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 41 theme contact 764:770 arg1 time 772:775 60min contact time 758:775 60min contact time 758:775 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 42 theme dye 713:715 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 42 theme dye 713:715 arg1 temperature 745:755 50°C temperature 740:755 50°C temperature 740:755 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 42 theme dye 713:715 arg1 and>7pH 799:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 42 theme dye 713:715 arg1 time 772:775 60min contact time 758:775 60min contact time 758:775 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 6 43 theme peanut 1104:1109 arg1 biomass 1111:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass 1035:1117 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 1 44 theme peanut 193:198 arg1 waste 200:204 peanut waste 193:204 peanut waste 193:204 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 7 45 theme equilibrium 1204:1214 arg1 data 1227:1230 the CV equilibrium adsorption data 1197:1230 the CV equilibrium adsorption data 1197:1230 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 3 46 theme CV 495:496 arg1 data 509:512 the CV adsorption data 491:512 the CV adsorption data 491:512 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 4 47 theme 150mg/L 705:711 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 47 theme 150mg/L 705:711 arg1 temperature 745:755 50°C temperature 740:755 50°C temperature 740:755 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 47 theme 150mg/L 705:711 arg1 and>7pH 799:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 47 theme 150mg/L 705:711 arg1 time 772:775 60min contact time 758:775 60min contact time 758:775 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 2 48 theme initial 365:371 arg1 variables 311:319 The process variables 299:319 The process variables i.e., composite doses 299:341 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 48 theme initial 365:371 arg1 concentration 373:385 CV initial concentration 362:385 CV initial concentration 362:385 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 0 49 theme waste 40:44 arg1 biomass 46:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 1 50 theme dye 275:277 arg1 adsorption 241:250 the adsorption 237:250 the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media 237:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 51 from adsorption 241:250 arg1 media 292:296 aqueous media 284:296 aqueous media 284:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 2 52 theme CV 362:363 arg1 variables 311:319 The process variables 299:319 The process variables i.e., composite doses 299:341 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 52 theme CV 362:363 arg1 concentration 373:385 CV initial concentration 362:385 CV initial concentration 362:385 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 0 53 theme hull 35:38 arg1 biomass 46:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 6 54 theme CV 910:911 arg1 efficiencies 924:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies 906:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents 906:949 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 9 55 theme desorption 1397:1406 arg1 properties 1408:1417 good desorption properties 1392:1417 good desorption properties 1392:1417 Composites also showed good desorption properties, which revealed the recycling ability of prepared composites. 27720967 7 56 theme CV 1201:1202 arg1 data 1227:1230 the CV equilibrium adsorption data 1197:1230 the CV equilibrium adsorption data 1197:1230 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 8 57 theme stable 1336:1341 arg1 nature 1343:1348 endothermic and energetically stable nature 1306:1348 endothermic and energetically stable nature for CV adsorption 1306:1366 Composites showed endothermic and energetically stable nature for CV adsorption. 27720967 8 58 theme CV 1354:1355 arg1 adsorption 1357:1366 CV adsorption 1354:1366 CV adsorption 1354:1366 Composites showed endothermic and energetically stable nature for CV adsorption. 27720967 1 59 theme aqueous 284:290 arg1 media 292:296 aqueous media 284:296 aqueous media 284:296 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 3 60 theme composite 595:603 arg1 adsorbents 605:614 native and composite adsorbents 584:614 native and composite adsorbents 584:614 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 4 61 theme adsorbent 784:792 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 61 theme adsorbent 784:792 arg1 and>7pH 799:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 1 62 theme polyaniline 115:125 arg1 Composites 101:110 Composites 101:110 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste 101:204 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 62 theme polyaniline 115:125 arg1 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 62 theme polyaniline 115:125 arg1 aniline 158:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 62 theme polyaniline 115:125 arg1 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 62 theme polyaniline 115:125 arg1 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 62 theme polyaniline 115:125 arg1 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 9 63 theme recycling 1439:1447 arg1 ability 1449:1455 the recycling ability 1435:1455 the recycling ability of prepared composites 1435:1478 Composites also showed good desorption properties, which revealed the recycling ability of prepared composites. 27720967 8 64 theme endothermic 1306:1316 arg1 nature 1343:1348 endothermic and energetically stable nature 1306:1348 endothermic and energetically stable nature for CV adsorption 1306:1366 Composites showed endothermic and energetically stable nature for CV adsorption. 27720967 4 65 theme 0.05g 778:782 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 65 theme 0.05g 778:782 arg1 and>7pH 799:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH 778:805 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 0 66 with composites 12:21 arg1 application 58:68 application 58:68 application for Crystal Violet adsorption 58:98 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 0 66 with composites 12:21 arg1 biomass 46:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 peanut hull waste biomass 28:52 Biopolymers composites with peanut hull waste biomass and application for Crystal Violet adsorption. 27720967 4 67 theme 60min 758:762 arg1 concentration 725:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 150mg/L dye initial concentration 705:737 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 4 67 theme 60min 758:762 arg1 time 772:775 60min contact time 758:775 60min contact time 758:775 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 6 68 theme chitosan 982:989 arg1 composite>starch 999:1014 chitosan aniline composite>starch 982:1014 chitosan aniline composite>starch 982:1014 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 1 69 theme starch 128:133 arg1 Composites 101:110 Composites 101:110 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste 101:204 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 69 theme starch 128:133 arg1 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 69 theme starch 128:133 arg1 aniline 158:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 69 theme starch 128:133 arg1 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 69 theme starch 128:133 arg1 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 69 theme starch 128:133 arg1 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 6 70 theme aniline 991:997 arg1 composite>starch 999:1014 chitosan aniline composite>starch 982:1014 chitosan aniline composite>starch 982:1014 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 3 71 theme adsorption 498:507 arg1 data 509:512 the CV adsorption data 491:512 the CV adsorption data 491:512 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 5 72 theme co-metals 872:880 arg1 ions 882:885 co-metals ions 872:885 co-metals ions 872:885 Effect of composites pre-treatments with salts, surfactants and co-metals ions were also studied. 27720967 3 73 theme native 584:589 arg1 adsorbents 605:614 native and composite adsorbents 584:614 native and composite adsorbents 584:614 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 4 74 theme aniline 680:686 arg1 composite 688:696 chitosan aniline composite 671:696 chitosan aniline composite 671:696 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 27720967 2 75 theme process 303:309 arg1 variables 311:319 The process variables 299:319 The process variables i.e., composite doses 299:341 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 75 theme process 303:309 arg1 pH 344:345 pH 344:345 pH 344:345 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 75 theme process 303:309 arg1 time 356:359 contact time 348:359 contact time 348:359 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 75 theme process 303:309 arg1 temperature 391:401 temperature 391:401 temperature 391:401 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 75 theme process 303:309 arg1 concentration 373:385 CV initial concentration 362:385 CV initial concentration 362:385 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 7 76 theme limiting 1273:1280 arg1 diffusion 1250:1258 intraparticle diffusion 1236:1258 intraparticle diffusion 1236:1258 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 7 76 theme limiting 1273:1280 arg1 step 1282:1285 the rate limiting step 1264:1285 the rate limiting step 1264:1285 The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm fitted well to the CV equilibrium adsorption data and intraparticle diffusion was the rate limiting step. 27720967 9 77 theme good 1392:1395 arg1 properties 1408:1417 good desorption properties 1392:1417 good desorption properties 1392:1417 Composites also showed good desorption properties, which revealed the recycling ability of prepared composites. 27720967 3 78 theme CV 565:566 arg1 adsorption 568:577 CV adsorption 565:577 CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents 565:614 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 6 79 located found 956:960 arg2 efficiencies 924:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies 906:935 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents 906:949 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 6 79 located found 956:960 arg1 order 975:979 following order 965:979 following order 965:979 The CV adsorption efficiencies of adsorbents were found in following order; chitosan aniline composite>starch composite>chitosan pyrrole composite>polyaniline composite>polypyrrole composite>native peanut biomass. 27720967 1 80 theme polypyrrole 136:146 arg1 Composites 101:110 Composites 101:110 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste 101:204 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 80 theme polypyrrole 136:146 arg1 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 polypyrrole 136:146 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 80 theme polypyrrole 136:146 arg1 aniline 158:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 chitosan aniline 149:164 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 80 theme polypyrrole 136:146 arg1 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 polyaniline 115:125 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 80 theme polypyrrole 136:146 arg1 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 starch 128:133 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 1 80 theme polypyrrole 136:146 arg1 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 chitosan 170:177 Composites of polyaniline, starch, polypyrrole, chitosan aniline and chitosan pyrrole using peanut waste were prepared and employed for the adsorption of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous media. 27720967 2 81 theme contact 348:354 arg1 variables 311:319 The process variables 299:319 The process variables i.e., composite doses 299:341 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 2 81 theme contact 348:354 arg1 time 356:359 contact time 348:359 contact time 348:359 The process variables i.e., composite doses, pH, contact time, CV initial concentration and temperature were optimized. 27720967 9 82 theme composites 1469:1478 arg1 ability 1449:1455 the recycling ability 1435:1455 the recycling ability of prepared composites 1435:1478 Composites also showed good desorption properties, which revealed the recycling ability of prepared composites. 27720967 3 83 theme adsorption 568:577 arg1 nature 555:560 nature 555:560 nature 555:560 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 3 83 theme adsorption 568:577 arg1 mechanism 541:549 mechanism 541:549 mechanism 541:549 Thermodynamic, equilibrium modelling and kinetics models were fitted to the CV adsorption data in order to understand the mechanism and nature of CV adsorption onto native and composite adsorbents. 27720967 4 84 theme 100.6mg/g 642:650 arg1 adsorption 628:637 Maximum CV adsorption 617:637 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g 617:650 Maximum CV adsorption of 100.6mg/g was achieved (onto chitosan aniline composite) using 150mg/L dye initial concentration, 50°C temperature, 60min contact time, 0.05g adsorbent dose and>7pH. 26898769 8 0 theme glycosidic 1098:1107 arg1 linkage 1109:1115 (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage 1089:1115 (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage 1089:1115 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 4 1 theme acceptor 608:615 arg1 substrates 617:626 various alternative acceptor substrates 588:626 various alternative acceptor substrates 588:626 Glucansucrases also catalyze glucosylation of various alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 7 2 theme H 1005:1005 arg1 spectroscopy 1011:1022 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 996:1022 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 996:1022 These catechol glucosides were isolated and structurally characterized using 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26898769 3 3 theme 6 518:518 arg1 linkages 532:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 6 4 theme glucosyl 894:901 arg1 units 903:907 up to at least 5 glucosyl units 877:907 up to at least 5 glucosyl units attached 877:916 Our results show that GTFA-ΔN glucosylates catechol into products with up to at least 5 glucosyl units attached. 26898769 4 5 theme alternative 596:606 arg1 substrates 617:626 various alternative acceptor substrates 588:626 various alternative acceptor substrates 588:626 Glucansucrases also catalyze glucosylation of various alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 7 6 theme NMR 1007:1009 arg1 spectroscopy 1011:1022 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 996:1022 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 996:1022 These catechol glucosides were isolated and structurally characterized using 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26898769 8 7 theme 4 1082:1082 arg1 combinations 1117:1128 different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations 1066:1128 different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations 1066:1128 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 3 8 dep Lactobacillus 423:435 arg1 reuteri 437:443 reuteri 437:443 reuteri 437:443 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 2 9 theme α-glucosidic 301:312 arg1 linkages 314:321 specific α-glucosidic linkages 292:321 specific α-glucosidic linkages 292:321 Depending on the glucansucrase enzyme, specific α-glucosidic linkages are introduced. 26898769 4 10 theme substrates 617:626 arg1 glucosylation 571:583 glucosylation 571:583 glucosylation of various alternative acceptor substrates 571:626 Glucansucrases also catalyze glucosylation of various alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 11 theme alternative 773:783 arg1 substrates 794:803 alternative acceptor substrates 773:803 alternative acceptor substrates 773:803 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 2 12 theme specific 292:299 arg1 linkages 314:321 specific α-glucosidic linkages 292:321 specific α-glucosidic linkages 292:321 Depending on the glucansucrase enzyme, specific α-glucosidic linkages are introduced. 26898769 8 13 dep 5 1045:1045 arg1 to 1042:1043 to 1042:1043 to 1042:1043 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 0 14 theme Donor 103:107 arg1 Substrate 109:117 Donor Substrate 103:117 Donor Substrate 103:117 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 9 15 used used 1318:1321 arg2 donor 1340:1344 glycosyl donor 1331:1344 glycosyl donor 1331:1344 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 15 used used 1318:1321 arg2 sucrose 1307:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 15 used used 1318:1321 arg2 substrate 1359:1367 acceptor substrate 1350:1367 acceptor substrate 1350:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 7 16 theme 1D/2D 996:1000 arg1 spectroscopy 1011:1022 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 996:1022 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy 996:1022 These catechol glucosides were isolated and structurally characterized using 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 26898769 8 17 dep glycosidic 1098:1107 arg1 → 1093:1093 α1 → 6 1090:1095 α1 → 6 1090:1095 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 9 18 theme successive 1231:1240 arg1 → 1246:1246 α1 → 6 1243:1248 α1 → 6 1243:1248 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 18 theme successive 1231:1240 arg1 products 1272:1279 products 1272:1279 products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate 1272:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 18 theme successive 1231:1240 arg1 linkages 1262:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 19 theme glycosyl 1331:1338 arg1 sucrose 1307:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 19 theme glycosyl 1331:1338 arg1 donor 1340:1344 glycosyl donor 1331:1344 glycosyl donor 1331:1344 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 5 20 theme substrates 794:803 arg1 glucosylation 756:768 glucosylation 756:768 glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates 756:803 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 1 21 theme gluco-oligosaccharides 184:205 arg1 synthesis 171:179 synthesis 171:179 synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose 171:250 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 3 22 theme Lactobacillus 423:435 arg1 121 445:447 Lactobacillus reuteri 121 423:447 Lactobacillus reuteri 121 423:447 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 9 23 theme only 1302:1305 arg1 substrate 1359:1367 acceptor substrate 1350:1367 acceptor substrate 1350:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 23 theme only 1302:1305 arg1 sucrose 1307:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 23 theme only 1302:1305 arg1 donor 1340:1344 glycosyl donor 1331:1344 glycosyl donor 1331:1344 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 5 24 theme linkage 666:672 arg1 same 710:713 same 710:713 same 710:713 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 24 theme linkage 666:672 arg1 specificity 674:684 the linkage specificity 662:684 the linkage specificity of these enzymes 662:701 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 8 25 theme glucose 1047:1053 arg1 units 1055:1059 1 to 5 glucose units 1040:1059 1 to 5 glucose units 1040:1059 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 0 26 theme Glucansucrase 40:52 arg1 Enzyme 54:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme 31:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate 31:117 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 3 27 theme reuteran 470:477 arg1 polysaccharide 479:492 the reuteran polysaccharide 466:492 the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 466:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 3 28 theme glucansucrase 399:411 arg1 enzyme 413:418 a glucansucrase enzyme 397:418 a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 397:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 3 28 theme glucansucrase 399:411 arg1 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) 339:392 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 9 29 theme catechol 1205:1212 arg1 glucoside 1214:1222 a catechol glucoside 1203:1222 a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate 1203:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 5 30 theme oligo/polysaccharide 718:737 arg1 synthesis 739:747 oligo/polysaccharide synthesis 718:747 oligo/polysaccharide synthesis 718:747 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 1 31 theme polysaccharides 211:225 arg1 synthesis 171:179 synthesis 171:179 synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose 171:250 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 0 32 theme Catechol 17:24 arg1 Glucosylation 0:12 Glucosylation 0:12 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 0:118 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 4 33 theme various 588:594 arg1 substrates 617:626 various alternative acceptor substrates 588:626 various alternative acceptor substrates 588:626 Glucansucrases also catalyze glucosylation of various alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 34 from present 632:638 arg1 unclear 646:652 unclear 646:652 unclear 646:652 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 3 35 theme 4 505:505 arg1 linkages 532:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 0 36 theme GTFA 35:38 arg1 Enzyme 54:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme 31:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate 31:117 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 0 37 from reuteri 80:86 arg1 Enzyme 54:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme 31:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate 31:117 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 8 38 contain contained 1030:1038 arg1 They 1025:1028 They 1025:1028 They 1025:1028 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 8 38 contain contained 1030:1038 arg2 units 1055:1059 1 to 5 glucose units 1040:1059 1 to 5 glucose units 1040:1059 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 5 39 from glucosylation 756:768 arg1 same 710:713 same 710:713 same 710:713 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 40 theme acceptor 785:792 arg1 substrates 794:803 alternative acceptor substrates 773:803 alternative acceptor substrates 773:803 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 6 41 dep 5 892:892 arg1 to 880:881 to 880:881 to 880:881 Our results show that GTFA-ΔN glucosylates catechol into products with up to at least 5 glucosyl units attached. 26898769 9 42 with glucoside 1214:1222 arg1 → 1246:1246 α1 → 6 1243:1248 α1 → 6 1243:1248 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 42 with glucoside 1214:1222 arg1 products 1272:1279 products 1272:1279 products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate 1272:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 42 with glucoside 1214:1222 arg1 linkages 1262:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 8 43 theme linkage 1109:1115 arg1 combinations 1117:1128 different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations 1066:1128 different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations 1066:1128 They contained 1 to 5 glucose units with different (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkage combinations. 26898769 3 44 theme 121 445:447 arg1 enzyme 413:418 a glucansucrase enzyme 397:418 a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 397:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 3 44 theme 121 445:447 arg1 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) 339:392 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 5 45 from synthesis 739:747 arg1 same 710:713 same 710:713 same 710:713 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 45 from synthesis 739:747 arg1 specificity 674:684 the linkage specificity 662:684 the linkage specificity of these enzymes 662:701 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 9 46 theme α1 1243:1244 arg1 → 1246:1246 α1 → 6 1243:1248 α1 → 6 1243:1248 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 46 theme α1 1243:1244 arg1 linkages 1262:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 1 47 theme Lactic 120:125 arg1 bacteria 132:139 Lactic acid bacteria 120:139 Lactic acid bacteria 120:139 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 3 48 with polysaccharide 479:492 arg1 linkages 532:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 0 49 with Glucosylation 0:12 arg1 Enzyme 54:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme 31:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate 31:117 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 1 50 theme acid 127:130 arg1 bacteria 132:139 Lactic acid bacteria 120:139 Lactic acid bacteria 120:139 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 9 51 theme catechol 1157:1164 arg1 glucoside 1166:1174 a branched catechol glucoside 1146:1174 a branched catechol glucoside 1146:1174 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 5 52 from same 710:713 arg1 synthesis 739:747 oligo/polysaccharide synthesis 718:747 oligo/polysaccharide synthesis 718:747 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 52 from same 710:713 arg1 glucosylation 756:768 glucosylation 756:768 glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates 756:803 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 1 53 from sucrose 244:250 arg1 gluco-oligosaccharides 184:205 gluco-oligosaccharides 184:205 gluco-oligosaccharides 184:205 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 1 53 from sucrose 244:250 arg1 synthesis 171:179 synthesis 171:179 synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose 171:250 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 1 53 from sucrose 244:250 arg1 α-glucans 228:236 α-glucans 228:236 α-glucans 228:236 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 1 53 from sucrose 244:250 arg1 polysaccharides 211:225 polysaccharides 211:225 polysaccharides 211:225 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 2 54 theme glucansucrase 270:282 arg1 enzyme 284:289 the glucansucrase enzyme 266:289 the glucansucrase enzyme 266:289 Depending on the glucansucrase enzyme, specific α-glucosidic linkages are introduced. 26898769 3 55 theme glycosidic 521:530 arg1 linkages 532:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 499:539 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 9 56 theme acceptor 1350:1357 arg1 substrate 1359:1367 acceptor substrate 1350:1367 acceptor substrate 1350:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 56 theme acceptor 1350:1357 arg1 sucrose 1307:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 only sucrose 1302:1313 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 3 57 theme truncated 361:369 arg1 A 391:391 N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A 348:391 N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A 348:391 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 3 57 theme truncated 361:369 arg1 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) 339:392 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 0 58 from Sucrose 92:98 arg1 Enzyme 54:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme 31:59 the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate 31:117 Glucosylation of Catechol with the GTFA Glucansucrase Enzyme from Lactobacillus reuteri and Sucrose as Donor Substrate. 26898769 9 59 theme branched 1148:1155 arg1 glucoside 1166:1174 a branched catechol glucoside 1146:1174 a branched catechol glucoside 1146:1174 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 5 60 theme enzymes 695:701 arg1 same 710:713 same 710:713 same 710:713 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 5 60 theme enzymes 695:701 arg1 specificity 674:684 the linkage specificity 662:684 the linkage specificity of these enzymes 662:701 At present it is unclear whether the linkage specificity of these enzymes is the same in oligo/polysaccharide synthesis and in glucosylation of alternative acceptor substrates. 26898769 3 61 theme glucosyltransferase 371:389 arg1 A 391:391 N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A 348:391 N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A 348:391 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 3 61 theme glucosyltransferase 371:389 arg1 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN 339:345 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) 339:392 GTFA-ΔN (N-terminally truncated glucosyltransferase A) is a glucansucrase enzyme of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 that synthesizes the reuteran polysaccharide with (α1 → 4) and (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. 26898769 9 62 theme glycosidic 1251:1260 arg1 → 1246:1246 α1 → 6 1243:1248 α1 → 6 1243:1248 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 62 theme glycosidic 1251:1260 arg1 products 1272:1279 products 1272:1279 products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate 1272:1367 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 9 62 theme glycosidic 1251:1260 arg1 linkages 1262:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages 1229:1269 Interestingly, a branched catechol glucoside was also formed along with a catechol glucoside with 2 successive (α1 → 6) glycosidic linkages, products that are absent when only sucrose is used as both glycosyl donor and acceptor substrate. 26898769 1 63 from synthesis 171:179 arg1 sucrose 244:250 sucrose 244:250 sucrose 244:250 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 1 64 theme glucansucrase 145:157 arg1 enzymes 159:165 glucansucrase enzymes 145:165 glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose 145:250 Lactic acid bacteria use glucansucrase enzymes for synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (α-glucans) from sucrose. 26898769 7 65 theme catechol 925:932 arg1 glucosides 934:943 These catechol glucosides 919:943 These catechol glucosides 919:943 These catechol glucosides were isolated and structurally characterized using 1D/2D (1)H NMR spectroscopy. 25224288 0 0 theme silver 90:95 arg1 nanoparticles 97:109 silver nanoparticles 90:109 silver nanoparticles 90:109 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan incorporated with silver nanoparticles. 25224288 7 1 theme RC-Ch-Ag 1003:1010 arg1 material 1070:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 7 1 theme RC-Ch-Ag 1003:1010 arg1 composite 1012:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 3 2 theme mechanical 518:527 arg1 properties 529:538 their physico-chemical and mechanical properties 491:538 their physico-chemical and mechanical properties 491:538 The composites prepared were characterized for their physico-chemical and mechanical properties and the results have shown the composite nature. 25224288 4 3 theme RC-Ch-Ag 589:596 arg1 composites 613:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 4 3 theme RC-Ch-Ag 589:596 arg1 materials 652:660 wound dressing materials 637:660 wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats 637:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 3 4 theme composite 571:579 arg1 nature 581:586 the composite nature 567:586 the composite nature 567:586 The composites prepared were characterized for their physico-chemical and mechanical properties and the results have shown the composite nature. 25224288 1 5 theme controlled 183:192 arg1 carriers 202:209 controlled release carriers 183:209 controlled release carriers 183:209 Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine, implantable materials, controlled release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25224288 5 6 theme planimetric 745:755 arg1 studies 757:763 planimetric studies 745:763 planimetric studies 745:763 The healing pattern of the wounds was evaluated by planimetric studies, macroscopic observations, biochemical studies and mechanical properties. 25224288 6 7 theme RC-Ch-Ag-G 925:934 arg1 composites 936:945 RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 925:945 RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 925:945 The results have shown faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites compared to untreated control. 25224288 2 8 contain containing 285:294 arg2 RC 319:320 RC 319:320 RC 319:320 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 8 contain containing 285:294 arg2 chitosan 327:334 chitosan 327:334 chitosan (Ch) 327:339 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 8 contain containing 285:294 arg1 composites 274:283 the composites 270:283 the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) 270:427 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 8 contain containing 285:294 arg2 cellulose 308:316 regenerated cellulose 296:316 regenerated cellulose (RC) 296:321 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 8 contain containing 285:294 arg2 Ch 337:338 Ch 337:338 Ch 337:338 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 7 9 theme animals 1122:1128 arg1 wounds 1112:1117 the clinical wounds 1099:1117 the clinical wounds of animals 1099:1128 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 4 10 theme dressing 643:650 arg1 composites 613:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 4 10 theme dressing 643:650 arg1 materials 652:660 wound dressing materials 637:660 wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats 637:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 1 11 theme release 194:200 arg1 carriers 202:209 controlled release carriers 183:209 controlled release carriers 183:209 Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine, implantable materials, controlled release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25224288 4 12 theme RC-Ch-Ag-G 602:611 arg1 composites 613:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 4 12 theme RC-Ch-Ag-G 602:611 arg1 materials 652:660 wound dressing materials 637:660 wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats 637:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 7 13 theme clinical 1103:1110 arg1 wounds 1112:1117 the clinical wounds 1099:1117 the clinical wounds of animals 1099:1128 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 2 14 theme regenerated 296:306 arg1 RC 319:320 RC 319:320 RC 319:320 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 14 theme regenerated 296:306 arg1 cellulose 308:316 regenerated cellulose 296:316 regenerated cellulose (RC) 296:321 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 5 15 theme biochemical 792:802 arg1 studies 804:810 biochemical studies 792:810 biochemical studies 792:810 The healing pattern of the wounds was evaluated by planimetric studies, macroscopic observations, biochemical studies and mechanical properties. 25224288 0 16 contain containing 26:35 arg1 biomaterial 14:24 biomaterial 14:24 biomaterial 14:24 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan incorporated with silver nanoparticles. 25224288 0 16 contain containing 26:35 arg2 cellulose 49:57 regenerated cellulose 37:57 regenerated cellulose 37:57 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan incorporated with silver nanoparticles. 25224288 4 17 theme rats 688:691 arg1 wounds 678:683 experimental wounds 665:683 experimental wounds of rats 665:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 6 18 from pattern 877:883 arg1 wounds 892:897 the wounds 888:897 the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 888:945 The results have shown faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites compared to untreated control. 25224288 0 19 theme biomaterial 14:24 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan 0:70 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan incorporated with silver nanoparticles. 25224288 5 20 theme wounds 721:726 arg1 pattern 706:712 The healing pattern 694:712 The healing pattern of the wounds 694:726 The healing pattern of the wounds was evaluated by planimetric studies, macroscopic observations, biochemical studies and mechanical properties. 25224288 2 21 theme silver 358:363 arg1 nanoparticles 365:377 silver nanoparticles 358:377 silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) 358:427 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 21 theme silver 358:363 arg1 AgNP 380:383 AgNP 380:383 AgNP 380:383 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 4 22 from materials 652:660 arg1 wounds 678:683 experimental wounds 665:683 experimental wounds of rats 665:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 1 23 theme tissue 228:233 arg1 engineering 235:245 tissue engineering 228:245 tissue engineering 228:245 Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine, implantable materials, controlled release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25224288 3 24 theme physico-chemical 497:512 arg1 properties 529:538 their physico-chemical and mechanical properties 491:538 their physico-chemical and mechanical properties 491:538 The composites prepared were characterized for their physico-chemical and mechanical properties and the results have shown the composite nature. 25224288 7 25 dep potential 1033:1041 arg1 economical 1044:1053 economical 1044:1053 economical 1044:1053 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 4 26 theme experimental 665:676 arg1 wounds 678:683 experimental wounds 665:683 experimental wounds of rats 665:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 0 27 theme regenerated 37:47 arg1 cellulose 49:57 regenerated cellulose 37:57 regenerated cellulose 37:57 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan incorporated with silver nanoparticles. 25224288 4 28 used used 629:632 arg2 composites 613:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 4 28 used used 629:632 arg2 materials 652:660 wound dressing materials 637:660 wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats 637:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 2 29 theme present 255:261 arg1 study 263:267 the present study 251:267 the present study 251:267 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 7 30 theme wound 1055:1059 arg1 material 1070:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 7 30 theme wound 1055:1059 arg1 composite 1012:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 2 31 theme antibiotic 403:412 arg1 gentamicin 414:423 antibiotic gentamicin 403:423 antibiotic gentamicin (G) 403:427 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 2 31 theme antibiotic 403:412 arg1 G 426:426 G 426:426 G 426:426 In the present study, the composites containing regenerated cellulose (RC) and chitosan (Ch) impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with and without antibiotic gentamicin (G) were prepared. 25224288 0 32 theme chitosan 63:70 arg1 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation 0:9 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan 0:70 Evaluation of biomaterial containing regenerated cellulose and chitosan incorporated with silver nanoparticles. 25224288 7 33 theme dressing 1061:1068 arg1 material 1070:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 7 33 theme dressing 1061:1068 arg1 composite 1012:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 1 34 used used 129:132 arg2 Biomaterials 112:123 Biomaterials 112:123 Biomaterials 112:123 Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine, implantable materials, controlled release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25224288 5 35 theme healing 698:704 arg1 pattern 706:712 The healing pattern 694:712 The healing pattern of the wounds 694:726 The healing pattern of the wounds was evaluated by planimetric studies, macroscopic observations, biochemical studies and mechanical properties. 25224288 1 36 theme regenerative 137:148 arg1 medicine 150:157 regenerative medicine 137:157 regenerative medicine 137:157 Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine, implantable materials, controlled release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25224288 6 37 theme healing 869:875 arg1 pattern 877:883 faster healing pattern 862:883 faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 862:945 The results have shown faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites compared to untreated control. 25224288 6 38 theme faster 862:867 arg1 pattern 877:883 faster healing pattern 862:883 faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 862:945 The results have shown faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites compared to untreated control. 25224288 5 39 theme macroscopic 766:776 arg1 observations 778:789 macroscopic observations 766:789 macroscopic observations 766:789 The healing pattern of the wounds was evaluated by planimetric studies, macroscopic observations, biochemical studies and mechanical properties. 25224288 7 40 theme potential 1033:1041 arg1 material 1070:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 a potential, economical wound dressing material 1031:1077 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 7 40 theme potential 1033:1041 arg1 composite 1012:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 RC-Ch-Ag composite 1003:1020 This study revealed that RC-Ch-Ag composite might be a potential, economical wound dressing material and may be tried on the clinical wounds of animals before being applied on humans. 25224288 1 41 theme implantable 160:170 arg1 materials 172:180 implantable materials 160:180 implantable materials 160:180 Biomaterials are used in regenerative medicine, implantable materials, controlled release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering. 25224288 4 42 theme wound 637:641 arg1 composites 613:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites 589:622 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 4 42 theme wound 637:641 arg1 materials 652:660 wound dressing materials 637:660 wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats 637:691 RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites were used as wound dressing materials in experimental wounds of rats. 25224288 5 43 theme mechanical 816:825 arg1 properties 827:836 mechanical properties 816:836 mechanical properties 816:836 The healing pattern of the wounds was evaluated by planimetric studies, macroscopic observations, biochemical studies and mechanical properties. 25224288 6 44 theme untreated 959:967 arg1 control 969:975 untreated control 959:975 untreated control 959:975 The results have shown faster healing pattern in the wounds treated with RC-Ch-Ag and RC-Ch-Ag-G composites compared to untreated control. 26572467 6 0 dep anhydride 1287:1295 arg1 3 1265:1265 3 1265:1265 3 1265:1265 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 3 1 theme different 482:490 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 482:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 2 2 theme waste 253:257 arg1 dust 267:270 the wood waste (Sander dust) 244:271 the wood waste (Sander dust) 244:271 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 3 3 theme Sander 509:514 arg1 SD 522:523 Sander dust (SD) 509:524 Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 509:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 6 4 theme ≫ 1319:1319 arg1 hemicellulose 1321:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 1 5 theme processing 148:157 arg1 industry 159:166 timber processing industry 141:166 timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications 141:217 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 4 6 theme solid 770:774 arg1 NMR 788:790 solid state (13)C NMR 770:790 solid state (13)C NMR 770:790 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 3 7 theme succinic 526:533 arg1 SA 546:547 SA 546:547 SA 546:547 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 3 7 theme succinic 526:533 arg1 anhydride 535:543 succinic anhydride 526:543 Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 509:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 6 8 theme ≈ 1307:1307 arg1 hemicellulose 1321:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 9 from gain 1060:1063 arg1 g/g 1044:1046 0.059 g/g 1038:1046 0.059 g/g 1038:1046 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 2 10 theme Sander 260:265 arg1 dust 267:270 the wood waste (Sander dust) 244:271 the wood waste (Sander dust) 244:271 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 1 11 theme low 196:198 arg1 applications 206:217 low value applications 196:217 low value applications 196:217 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 1 12 used used 188:191 arg2 industry 159:166 timber processing industry 141:166 timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications 141:217 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 7 13 theme composites 1557:1566 arg1 modification 1528:1539 more tailored or targeted modification 1502:1539 more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites 1502:1566 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 7 14 theme wood 1408:1411 arg1 waste 1413:1417 wood waste 1408:1417 wood waste 1408:1417 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 4 15 theme thermo-gravimetric 796:813 arg1 TGA 825:827 TGA 825:827 TGA 825:827 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 4 15 theme thermo-gravimetric 796:813 arg1 analysis 815:822 thermo-gravimetric analysis 796:822 thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 796:828 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 4 16 theme substitution 667:678 arg1 degree 657:662 the acid value, degree 641:662 degree 657:662 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 1 17 theme wood 115:118 arg1 waste 120:124 wood waste 115:124 wood waste 115:124 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 5 18 theme 0.290 1113:1117 arg1 DS 1107:1108 DS 1107:1108 DS of 0.290 1107:1117 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 7 19 theme targeted 1519:1526 arg1 modification 1528:1539 more tailored or targeted modification 1502:1539 more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites 1502:1566 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 4 20 theme value 650:654 arg1 degree 657:662 the acid value, degree 641:662 degree 657:662 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 6 21 dep was 1167:1169 arg1 SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose 1176:1204 (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose 1172:1204 (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose 1172:1204 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 21 dep was 1167:1169 arg1 DDSA 1298:1301 DDSA 1298:1301 DDSA 1298:1301 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 21 dep was 1167:1169 arg1 anhydride 1287:1295 (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride 1264:1295 (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) 1264:1302 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 21 dep was 1167:1169 arg1 -SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1232:1258 (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1207:1258 (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1207:1258 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 4 22 dep Fourier 686:692 arg1 transform 694:702 transform 694:702 transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) 694:828 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 7 23 theme tailored 1507:1514 arg1 modification 1528:1539 more tailored or targeted modification 1502:1539 more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites 1502:1566 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 7 24 theme carboxyl 1353:1360 arg1 groups 1362:1367 The pendant free carboxyl groups 1336:1367 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers 1336:1489 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 0 25 theme reactive 77:84 arg1 extrusion 86:94 reactive extrusion 77:94 reactive extrusion 77:94 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 7 26 theme pendant 1340:1346 arg1 groups 1362:1367 The pendant free carboxyl groups 1336:1367 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers 1336:1489 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 5 27 theme 0.350 976:980 arg1 DS 970:971 DS 970:971 DS of 0.350 970:980 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 0 28 theme wood 31:34 arg1 waste 36:40 wood waste 31:40 wood waste 31:40 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 7 29 theme carriers 1482:1489 arg1 presence 1460:1467 the presence 1456:1467 the presence of polymeric carriers 1456:1489 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 0 30 theme Green 0:4 arg1 hemicellulose 57:69 hemicellulose 57:69 hemicellulose 57:69 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 0 30 theme Green 0:4 arg1 cellulose 43:51 cellulose 43:51 cellulose 43:51 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 0 30 theme Green 0:4 arg1 route 6:10 Green route 0:10 Green route to modification of wood waste 0:40 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 2 31 theme reactive 392:399 arg1 process 411:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 5 32 theme extrusion 845:853 arg1 conditions 855:864 optimum extrusion conditions 837:864 optimum extrusion conditions 837:864 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 1 33 theme waste 120:124 arg1 volume 105:110 A large volume 97:110 A large volume of wood waste 97:124 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 4 34 theme electron 743:750 arg1 SEM 764:766 SEM 764:766 SEM 764:766 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 4 34 theme electron 743:750 arg1 microscopy 752:761 scanning electron microscopy 734:761 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 734:767 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 6 35 theme maleic 1211:1216 arg1 MA 1229:1230 MA 1229:1230 MA 1229:1230 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 35 theme maleic 1211:1216 arg1 anhydride 1218:1226 (2) maleic anhydride 1207:1226 (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1207:1258 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 36 theme higher 1002:1007 arg1 times 996:1000 two times 992:1000 two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290) 992:1118 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 5 37 theme acid 905:908 arg1 value 910:914 highest acid value 897:914 highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290) 897:1118 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 0 38 theme waste 36:40 arg1 hemicellulose 57:69 hemicellulose 57:69 hemicellulose 57:69 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 0 38 theme waste 36:40 arg1 cellulose 43:51 cellulose 43:51 cellulose 43:51 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 0 38 theme waste 36:40 arg1 route 6:10 Green route 0:10 Green route to modification of wood waste 0:40 Green route to modification of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose using reactive extrusion. 26572467 3 39 theme extrusion 446:454 arg1 temperature 456:466 extrusion temperature 446:466 extrusion temperature 446:466 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 1 40 theme value 200:204 arg1 applications 206:217 low value applications 196:217 low value applications 196:217 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 3 41 theme weight 492:497 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 482:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 6 42 theme dodecenyl 1268:1276 arg1 DDSA 1298:1301 DDSA 1298:1301 DDSA 1298:1301 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 42 theme dodecenyl 1268:1276 arg1 anhydride 1287:1295 (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride 1264:1295 (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) 1264:1302 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 4 43 theme state 776:780 arg1 NMR 788:790 solid state (13)C NMR 770:790 solid state (13)C NMR 770:790 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 5 44 dep cellulose 946:954 arg1 g/g 963:965 0.122 g/g 957:965 0.122 g/g 957:965 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 3 45 theme dust 516:519 arg1 SD 522:523 Sander dust (SD) 509:524 Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 509:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 5 46 theme weight 1053:1058 arg1 gain 1060:1063 a weight gain 1051:1063 a weight gain of 0.452 1051:1072 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 2 47 theme wood 248:251 arg1 dust 267:270 the wood waste (Sander dust) 244:271 the wood waste (Sander dust) 244:271 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 1 48 theme timber 141:146 arg1 industry 159:166 timber processing industry 141:166 timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications 141:217 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 4 49 theme esterified 599:608 arg1 products 610:617 The esterified products 595:617 The esterified products 595:617 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 6 50 theme cellulose 1309:1317 arg1 hemicellulose 1321:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 51 dep hemicellulose 1079:1091 arg1 g/g 1100:1102 0.043 g/g 1094:1102 0.043 g/g 1094:1102 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 3 52 theme SD 522:523 arg1 catalyst 469:476 catalyst 469:476 catalyst 469:476 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 3 52 theme SD 522:523 arg1 temperature 456:466 extrusion temperature 446:466 extrusion temperature 446:466 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 3 52 theme SD 522:523 arg1 ratios 499:504 different weight ratios 482:504 different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 482:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 6 53 theme -SD 1303:1305 arg1 hemicellulose 1321:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 54 from DS 1107:1108 arg1 g/g 1100:1102 0.043 g/g 1094:1102 0.043 g/g 1094:1102 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 7 55 theme waste 1413:1417 arg1 hemicellulose 1434:1446 hemicellulose 1434:1446 hemicellulose 1434:1446 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 7 55 theme waste 1413:1417 arg1 cellulose 1420:1428 cellulose 1420:1428 cellulose 1420:1428 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 7 55 theme waste 1413:1417 arg1 functionalisation 1387:1403 functionalisation 1387:1403 functionalisation of wood waste 1387:1417 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 6 56 theme reactivity 1125:1134 arg1 trend 1136:1140 The reactivity trend 1121:1140 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride 1121:1165 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 1 57 theme large 99:103 arg1 volume 105:110 A large volume 97:110 A large volume of wood waste 97:124 A large volume of wood waste is produced in timber processing industry which traditionally used in low value applications. 26572467 4 58 theme C 786:786 arg1 NMR 788:790 solid state (13)C NMR 770:790 solid state (13)C NMR 770:790 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 3 59 theme esterification 557:570 arg1 reaction 572:579 the esterification reaction 553:579 the esterification reaction 553:579 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 5 60 theme cellulose 946:954 arg1 succinylation 929:941 succinylation 929:941 succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290) 929:1118 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 2 61 theme value 226:230 arg1 addition 232:239 value addition 226:239 value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) 226:271 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 3 62 dep SD 522:523 arg1 SA 546:547 SA 546:547 SA 546:547 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 3 62 dep SD 522:523 arg1 anhydride 535:543 succinic anhydride 526:543 Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) 509:548 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 7 63 theme wood-plastic 1544:1555 arg1 composites 1557:1566 wood-plastic composites 1544:1566 wood-plastic composites 1544:1566 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 7 64 theme free 1348:1351 arg1 groups 1362:1367 The pendant free carboxyl groups 1336:1367 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers 1336:1489 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 6 65 theme individual 1146:1155 arg1 anhydride 1157:1165 individual anhydride 1146:1165 individual anhydride 1146:1165 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 66 dep SD 1034:1035 arg1 g/g 1044:1046 0.059 g/g 1038:1046 0.059 g/g 1038:1046 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 4 67 theme acid 645:648 arg1 degree 657:662 the acid value, degree 641:662 degree 657:662 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 5 68 theme 0.043 1094:1098 arg1 g/g 1100:1102 0.043 g/g 1094:1102 0.043 g/g 1094:1102 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 6 69 dep SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose 1176:1204 arg1 1 1173:1173 1 1173:1173 1 1173:1173 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 70 theme mixed 867:871 arg1 esters 873:878 mixed esters 867:878 mixed esters 867:878 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 4 71 theme infrared 704:711 arg1 FTIR 727:730 FTIR 727:730 FTIR 727:730 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 4 71 theme infrared 704:711 arg1 spectroscopy 713:724 infrared spectroscopy 704:724 infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) 704:731 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 2 72 theme cyclic 346:351 arg1 anhydrides 353:362 cyclic anhydrides 346:362 cyclic anhydrides 346:362 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 5 73 from DS 970:971 arg1 g/g 963:965 0.122 g/g 957:965 0.122 g/g 957:965 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 5 74 theme optimum 837:843 arg1 conditions 855:864 optimum extrusion conditions 837:864 optimum extrusion conditions 837:864 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 7 75 theme polymeric 1472:1480 arg1 carriers 1482:1489 polymeric carriers 1472:1489 polymeric carriers 1472:1489 The pendant free carboxyl groups generated through functionalisation of wood waste, cellulose and hemicellulose without the presence of polymeric carriers will allow more tailored or targeted modification of wood-plastic composites. 26572467 2 76 theme extrusion 401:409 arg1 process 411:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 2 77 theme green 386:390 arg1 process 411:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 6 78 theme anhydride 1218:1226 arg1 -SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1232:1258 (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1207:1258 (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1207:1258 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 79 dep anhydride 1218:1226 arg1 2 1208:1208 2 1208:1208 2 1208:1208 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 80 theme highest 897:903 arg1 value 910:914 highest acid value 897:914 highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290) 897:1118 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 4 81 theme scanning 734:741 arg1 SEM 764:766 SEM 764:766 SEM 764:766 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 4 81 theme scanning 734:741 arg1 microscopy 752:761 scanning electron microscopy 734:761 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 734:767 The esterified products were characterised by the acid value, degree of substitution (DS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solid state (13)C NMR and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). 26572467 2 82 theme solvent-free 369:380 arg1 process 411:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process 367:417 Here, value addition to the wood waste (Sander dust) and cellulose, hemicellulose isolated thereof by functionalisation using cyclic anhydrides in a solvent-free and green reactive extrusion process is reported. 26572467 3 83 from effect 436:441 arg1 reaction 572:579 the esterification reaction 553:579 the esterification reaction 553:579 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 3 84 theme catalyst 469:476 arg1 effect 436:441 The effect 432:441 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction 432:579 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 5 85 theme succinylated 1021:1032 arg1 SD 1034:1035 succinylated SD 1021:1035 succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) 1021:1073 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 6 86 dep -SD>hemicellulose>cellulose 1232:1258 arg1 hemicellulose 1321:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 -SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose 1303:1333 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 3 87 theme temperature 456:466 arg1 effect 436:441 The effect 432:441 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction 432:579 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 26572467 6 88 theme succinic 1278:1285 arg1 DDSA 1298:1301 DDSA 1298:1301 DDSA 1298:1301 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 6 88 theme succinic 1278:1285 arg1 anhydride 1287:1295 (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride 1264:1295 (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) 1264:1302 The reactivity trend for individual anhydride was: (1) SA-Cellulose>SD>hemicellulose; (2) maleic anhydride (MA)-SD>hemicellulose>cellulose and (3) dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA)-SD ≈ cellulose ≫ hemicellulose. 26572467 5 89 theme 0.452 1068:1072 arg1 gain 1060:1063 a weight gain 1051:1063 a weight gain of 0.452 1051:1072 Under optimum extrusion conditions, mixed esters are formed, with highest acid value obtained for succinylation of cellulose (0.122 g/g at DS of 0.350) which is two times higher compared to succinylated SD (0.059 g/g at a weight gain of 0.452) and hemicellulose (0.043 g/g at DS of 0.290). 26572467 3 90 theme ratios 499:504 arg1 effect 436:441 The effect 432:441 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction 432:579 The effect of extrusion temperature, catalyst and different weight ratios of Sander dust (SD):succinic anhydride (SA) on the esterification reaction is evaluated. 25001191 4 0 theme composite 690:698 arg1 angle 656:660 the contact angle 644:660 the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 644:698 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 5 1 theme /MWCNTs 836:842 arg1 nanofibers 844:853 the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 815:853 the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 815:853 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 1 2 theme radical 262:268 arg1 polymerization 270:283 radical polymerization 262:283 radical polymerization 262:283 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 6 3 theme optimum 860:866 arg1 temperature 868:878 The optimum temperature 856:878 The optimum temperature for poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 856:918 The optimum temperature for poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers increased from 25°C to 45°C compared to free CAT. 25001191 6 4 dep 45°C 943:946 arg1 to 940:941 to 940:941 to 940:941 The optimum temperature for poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers increased from 25°C to 45°C compared to free CAT. 25001191 5 5 dep loaded 790:795 arg1 55.0mg/g 802:809 55.0mg/g 802:809 55.0mg/g 802:809 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 8 6 theme initial 1160:1166 arg1 activity 1168:1175 its initial activity 1156:1175 its initial activity 1156:1175 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 1 7 dep /MWCNTs 132:138 arg1 nanofibers 181:190 composite nanofibers 171:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers 100:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 4 8 theme nanofibers 603:612 arg1 surfaces 614:621 the composite nanofibers surfaces 589:621 the composite nanofibers surfaces 589:621 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 4 9 theme composite 593:601 arg1 surfaces 614:621 the composite nanofibers surfaces 589:621 the composite nanofibers surfaces 589:621 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 7 10 theme 5min 1099:1102 arg1 treatment 1109:1117 5min heat treatment 1099:1117 5min heat treatment 1099:1117 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 2 11 dep NMR 372:374 arg1 1 368:368 1 368:368 1 368:368 The structure of the glycopolymer was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H NMR. 25001191 8 12 theme immobilized 1124:1134 arg1 CAT 1136:1138 The immobilized CAT 1120:1138 The immobilized CAT 1120:1138 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 1 13 theme composite 171:179 arg1 nanofibers 181:190 composite nanofibers 171:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers 100:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 5 14 theme enzymatic 755:763 arg1 catalase 771:778 catalase 771:778 catalase (CAT) 771:784 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 5 14 theme enzymatic 755:763 arg1 model 765:769 an enzymatic model 752:769 an enzymatic model 752:769 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 1 15 theme Glycopolymer 100:111 arg1 /MWCNTs 132:138 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs 100:138 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers 100:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 1 15 theme Glycopolymer 100:111 arg1 nanotubes 160:168 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 141:168 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 141:168 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 4 16 theme poly 665:668 arg1 composite 690:698 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 665:698 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 665:698 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 7 17 theme heat 1104:1107 arg1 treatment 1109:1117 5min heat treatment 1099:1117 5min heat treatment 1099:1117 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 7 18 theme % 1027:1027 arg1 activity 1029:1036 60% activity 1025:1036 60% activity 1025:1036 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 4 19 dep 37° 726:728 arg1 to 723:724 to 723:724 to 723:724 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 5 20 theme poly 819:822 arg1 nanofibers 844:853 the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 815:853 the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 815:853 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 6 21 theme free 960:963 arg1 CAT 965:967 free CAT 960:967 free CAT 960:967 The optimum temperature for poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers increased from 25°C to 45°C compared to free CAT. 25001191 7 22 dep inactivity 1082:1091 arg1 treatment 1109:1117 5min heat treatment 1099:1117 5min heat treatment 1099:1117 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 4 23 theme AN-co-OVSEG 670:680 arg1 composite 690:698 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 665:698 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 665:698 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 0 24 theme composite 35:43 arg1 nanofibers 45:54 glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 15:54 glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 15:54 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 25001191 2 25 theme glycopolymer 327:338 arg1 structure 310:318 The structure 306:318 The structure of the glycopolymer 306:338 The structure of the glycopolymer was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H NMR. 25001191 4 26 theme contact 648:654 arg1 angle 656:660 the contact angle 644:660 the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 644:698 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 0 27 theme glycopolymer/MWCNTs 15:33 arg1 nanofibers 45:54 glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 15:54 glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 15:54 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 25001191 6 28 theme /MWCNTs 901:907 arg1 nanofibers 909:918 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 884:918 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 884:918 The optimum temperature for poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers increased from 25°C to 45°C compared to free CAT. 25001191 7 29 theme 60 1025:1026 arg1 % 1027:1027 % 1027:1027 % 1027:1027 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 3 30 theme scanning 480:487 arg1 SEM 510:512 SEM 510:512 SEM 510:512 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 3 30 theme scanning 480:487 arg1 microscopy 498:507 scanning electron microscopy 480:507 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 480:513 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 3 31 theme composite 402:410 arg1 nanofibers 412:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 377:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 377:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 4 32 theme hydrophilic 563:573 arg1 properties 575:584 The hydrophilic properties 559:584 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces 559:621 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 7 33 theme enzymes 997:1003 arg1 conjugate 1005:1013 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate 970:1013 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate 970:1013 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 8 34 theme decomposition 1195:1207 arg1 cycles 1185:1190 5 cycles 1183:1190 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide 1183:1228 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 8 35 theme activity 1168:1175 arg1 activity 1168:1175 its initial activity 1156:1175 its initial activity 1156:1175 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 8 35 theme activity 1168:1175 arg1 % 1151:1151 70% 1149:1151 70% of its initial activity 1149:1175 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 1 36 theme facile 215:220 arg1 approach 222:229 a facile approach 213:229 a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning 213:303 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 0 37 theme nanofibers 45:54 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 0:98 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 25001191 8 38 theme peroxide 1221:1228 arg1 decomposition 1195:1207 decomposition 1195:1207 decomposition of hydrogen peroxide 1195:1228 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 0 39 theme enzyme 64:69 arg1 applications 86:97 its enzyme immobilization applications 60:97 its enzyme immobilization applications 60:97 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 25001191 5 40 theme AN-co-OVSEG 824:834 arg1 nanofibers 844:853 the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 815:853 the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 815:853 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 8 41 theme hydrogen 1212:1219 arg1 peroxide 1221:1228 hydrogen peroxide 1212:1228 hydrogen peroxide 1212:1228 The immobilized CAT retained 70% of its initial activity after 5 cycles of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. 25001191 3 42 theme /MWCNTs 394:400 arg1 nanofibers 412:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 377:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 377:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 6 43 theme poly 884:887 arg1 nanofibers 909:918 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 884:918 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers 884:918 The optimum temperature for poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers increased from 25°C to 45°C compared to free CAT. 25001191 7 44 theme immobilized 985:995 arg1 conjugate 1005:1013 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate 970:1013 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate 970:1013 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 1 45 theme carbon 153:158 arg1 /MWCNTs 132:138 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs 100:138 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers 100:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 1 45 theme carbon 153:158 arg1 nanotubes 160:168 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 141:168 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 141:168 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 1 46 dep Glycopolymer 100:111 arg1 poly 114:117 poly 114:117 poly(AN-co-OVSEG) 114:130 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 1 46 dep Glycopolymer 100:111 arg1 AN-co-OVSEG 119:129 AN-co-OVSEG 119:129 AN-co-OVSEG 119:129 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 7 47 theme free 1057:1060 arg1 enzyme 1062:1067 the free enzyme 1053:1067 the free enzyme 1053:1067 The covalently immobilized enzymes conjugate exhibited 60% activity at 60°C, while the free enzyme was entirely inactivity after 5min heat treatment. 25001191 1 48 theme multiwalled 141:151 arg1 /MWCNTs 132:138 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs 100:138 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers 100:190 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 1 48 theme multiwalled 141:151 arg1 nanotubes 160:168 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 141:168 multiwalled carbon nanotubes 141:168 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 5 49 dep 55.0mg/g 802:809 arg1 ca. 798:800 ca. 798:800 ca. 798:800 As an enzymatic model catalase (CAT) was loaded (ca. 55.0mg/g) to the poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs nanofibers. 25001191 4 50 theme /MWCNTs 682:688 arg1 composite 690:698 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 665:698 poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite 665:698 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 3 51 theme electron 489:496 arg1 SEM 510:512 SEM 510:512 SEM 510:512 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 3 51 theme electron 489:496 arg1 microscopy 498:507 scanning electron microscopy 480:507 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 480:513 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 4 52 dep reduced 704:710 arg1 PAN 743:745 PAN 743:745 PAN 743:745 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 2 53 theme H 370:370 arg1 NMR 372:374 (1)H NMR 367:374 (1)H NMR 367:374 The structure of the glycopolymer was confirmed by FT-IR and (1)H NMR. 25001191 1 54 theme enzymatic 241:249 arg1 synthesis 251:259 enzymatic synthesis 241:259 enzymatic synthesis 241:259 Glycopolymer (poly(AN-co-OVSEG))/MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) composite nanofibers are fabricated using a facile approach combining enzymatic synthesis, radical polymerization and electrospinning. 25001191 0 55 theme applications 86:97 arg1 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication 0:10 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 0:98 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 25001191 3 56 theme transmission 519:530 arg1 TEM 553:555 TEM 553:555 TEM 553:555 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 3 56 theme transmission 519:530 arg1 microscopy 541:550 transmission electron microscopy 519:550 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 519:556 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 0 57 theme immobilization 71:84 arg1 applications 86:97 its enzyme immobilization applications 60:97 its enzyme immobilization applications 60:97 Fabrication of glycopolymer/MWCNTs composite nanofibers and its enzyme immobilization applications. 25001191 3 58 theme Poly 377:380 arg1 nanofibers 412:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 377:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers 377:421 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 4 59 theme surfaces 614:621 arg1 properties 575:584 The hydrophilic properties 559:584 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces 559:621 The hydrophilic properties of the composite nanofibers surfaces were increased since the contact angle of poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite was reduced from 65.5° to 37° compared to (PAN). 25001191 3 60 theme electron 532:539 arg1 TEM 553:555 TEM 553:555 TEM 553:555 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 25001191 3 60 theme electron 532:539 arg1 microscopy 541:550 transmission electron microscopy 519:550 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 519:556 Poly(AN-co-OVSEG)/MWCNTs composite nanofibers were prepared using electrospinning and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 28840658 1 0 theme worldwide 243:251 arg1 agent 223:227 a causative agent 211:227 a causative agent of meningitis worldwide 211:251 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 0 theme worldwide 243:251 arg1 b 161:161 type b 156:161 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 133:167 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 4 1 theme biomass 833:839 arg1 formation 841:849 biomass formation 833:849 biomass formation 833:849 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 0 2 dep Haemophilus 88:98 arg1 influenzae 100:109 influenzae 100:109 influenzae 100:109 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 4 3 theme yeast 803:807 arg1 extract 809:815 yeast extract 803:815 yeast extract 803:815 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 6 4 theme competitive 1137:1147 arg1 process 1160:1166 a cheaper and more competitive production process 1118:1166 a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production 1118:1200 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 2 5 used used 434:437 arg2 it 428:429 it 428:429 it 428:429 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 2 5 used used 434:437 arg2 antigen 445:451 an antigen 442:451 an antigen 442:451 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 2 6 theme capsular 258:265 arg1 polysaccharide 267:280 The capsular polysaccharide 254:280 The capsular polysaccharide 254:280 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 2 6 theme capsular 258:265 arg1 polymer 305:311 a high molecular mass polymer 283:311 a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 283:381 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 5 7 contain containing 932:941 arg1 formulation 919:929 The optimized medium formulation 898:929 The optimized medium formulation 898:929 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 5 7 contain containing 932:941 arg2 half 943:946 half 943:946 half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations 943:1000 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 2 8 theme mass 300:303 arg1 polysaccharide 267:280 The capsular polysaccharide 254:280 The capsular polysaccharide 254:280 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 2 8 theme mass 300:303 arg1 polymer 305:311 a high molecular mass polymer 283:311 a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 283:381 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 1 9 theme Gram-negative 172:184 arg1 bacterium 197:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 9 theme Gram-negative 172:184 arg1 b 161:161 type b 156:161 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 133:167 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 5 10 theme bioreactor 1034:1043 arg1 cultivations 1045:1056 batch bioreactor cultivations 1028:1056 batch bioreactor cultivations 1028:1056 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 2 11 theme high 285:288 arg1 mass 300:303 a high molecular mass 283:303 a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 283:381 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 3 12 theme rich 582:585 arg1 medium 587:592 rich medium 582:592 rich medium 582:592 The industrial production of the polysaccharide requires the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery. 28840658 4 13 dep medium 782:787 arg1 extract 809:815 yeast extract 803:815 yeast extract 803:815 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 4 13 dep medium 782:787 arg1 glucose 821:827 glucose 821:827 glucose 821:827 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 4 13 dep medium 782:787 arg1 peptone 794:800 soy peptone 790:800 soy peptone 790:800 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 8 14 theme α-ketoglutarate 1410:1424 arg1 families 1443:1450 α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families 1410:1450 α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families 1410:1450 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 7 15 theme acids 1325:1329 arg1 role 1307:1310 the role 1303:1310 the role of key amino acids on growth 1303:1339 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 4 16 theme rotational 680:689 arg1 design 704:709 a central composite rotational experimental design 660:709 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 4 17 from production 870:879 arg1 shake-flasks 884:895 shake-flasks 884:895 shake-flasks 884:895 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 3 18 theme Hib 575:577 arg1 cultivation 560:570 the cultivation 556:570 the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery 556:642 The industrial production of the polysaccharide requires the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery. 28840658 7 19 theme key 1315:1317 arg1 acids 1325:1329 key amino acids 1315:1329 key amino acids 1315:1329 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 6 20 theme Hib 1179:1181 arg1 production 1191:1200 Hib vaccine production 1179:1200 Hib vaccine production 1179:1200 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 4 21 theme design 704:709 arg1 strategy 711:718 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 3 22 from cultivation 560:570 arg1 medium 587:592 rich medium 582:592 rich medium 582:592 The industrial production of the polysaccharide requires the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery. 28840658 4 23 theme central 662:668 arg1 design 704:709 a central composite rotational experimental design 660:709 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 0 24 theme relevant 79:86 arg1 medium 125:130 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 1 25 dep Haemophilus 133:143 arg1 influenzae 145:154 influenzae 145:154 influenzae 145:154 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 7 26 from role 1307:1310 arg1 growth 1334:1339 growth 1334:1339 growth 1334:1339 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 0 27 theme b 116:116 arg1 medium 125:130 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 8 28 theme oxaloacetate 1430:1441 arg1 families 1443:1450 α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families 1410:1450 α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families 1410:1450 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 8 29 theme promising 1496:1504 arg1 medium 1363:1368 A chemically defined medium 1342:1368 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine 1342:1475 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 8 29 theme promising 1496:1504 arg1 phenylalanine 1463:1475 phenylalanine 1463:1475 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine 1342:1475 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 8 29 theme promising 1496:1504 arg1 alternative 1506:1516 a promising alternative 1494:1516 a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures 1494:1604 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 0 30 theme Experimental 0:11 arg1 design 13:18 Experimental design 0:18 Experimental design 0:18 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 4 31 from formation 841:849 arg1 shake-flasks 884:895 shake-flasks 884:895 shake-flasks 884:895 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 5 32 theme medium 912:917 arg1 formulation 919:929 The optimized medium formulation 898:929 The optimized medium formulation 898:929 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 8 33 theme acetate 1530:1536 arg1 accumulation 1538:1549 reduced acetate accumulation 1522:1549 reduced acetate accumulation 1522:1549 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 3 34 theme product 627:633 arg1 recovery 635:642 product recovery 627:642 product recovery 627:642 The industrial production of the polysaccharide requires the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery. 28840658 2 35 theme virulence 407:415 arg1 factor 417:422 the main virulence factor 398:422 the main virulence factor 398:422 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 0 36 theme flux 34:37 arg1 analysis 39:46 metabolic flux analysis 24:46 metabolic flux analysis 24:46 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 5 37 theme concentrations 987:1000 arg1 half 943:946 half 943:946 half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations 943:1000 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 7 38 theme central 1264:1270 arg1 metabolism 1272:1281 Hib central metabolism 1260:1281 Hib central metabolism 1260:1281 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 2 39 theme repeated 331:338 arg1 units 340:344 the repeated units 327:344 the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 327:381 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 8 40 theme polysaccharide 1564:1577 arg1 production 1579:1588 enhanced polysaccharide production 1555:1588 enhanced polysaccharide production 1555:1588 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 4 41 theme components 760:769 arg1 influence 743:751 the influence 739:751 the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks 739:895 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 5 42 theme yeast 961:965 arg1 extract 967:973 the usual yeast extract 951:973 the usual yeast extract 951:973 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 7 43 theme metabolic 1233:1241 arg1 model 1243:1247 a metabolic model 1231:1247 a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism 1231:1281 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 8 44 theme amino 1393:1397 arg1 acids 1399:1403 amino acids 1393:1403 amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families 1393:1450 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 2 45 theme polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 353:381 arg1 units 340:344 the repeated units 327:344 the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 327:381 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 8 46 from accumulation 1538:1549 arg1 cultures 1597:1604 Hib cultures 1593:1604 Hib cultures 1593:1604 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 1 47 theme meningitis 232:241 arg1 worldwide 243:251 meningitis worldwide 232:251 meningitis worldwide 232:251 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 9 48 theme Chemical 1636:1643 arg1 Engineers 1645:1653 Chemical Engineers 1636:1653 Chemical Engineers 1636:1653 © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. 28840658 6 49 theme polysaccharide 1064:1077 arg1 production 1079:1088 High polysaccharide production 1059:1088 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) 1059:1100 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 6 49 theme polysaccharide 1064:1077 arg1 mg/L 1096:1099 ∼500 mg/L 1091:1099 ∼500 mg/L 1091:1099 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 6 50 theme production 1149:1158 arg1 process 1160:1166 a cheaper and more competitive production process 1118:1166 a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production 1118:1200 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 8 51 from production 1579:1588 arg1 cultures 1597:1604 Hib cultures 1593:1604 Hib cultures 1593:1604 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 3 52 theme industrial 503:512 arg1 production 514:523 The industrial production 499:523 The industrial production of the polysaccharide 499:545 The industrial production of the polysaccharide requires the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery. 28840658 6 53 theme cheaper 1120:1126 arg1 process 1160:1166 a cheaper and more competitive production process 1118:1166 a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production 1118:1200 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 8 54 theme defined 1355:1361 arg1 medium 1363:1368 A chemically defined medium 1342:1368 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine 1342:1475 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 8 54 theme defined 1355:1361 arg1 phenylalanine 1463:1475 phenylalanine 1463:1475 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine 1342:1475 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 8 54 theme defined 1355:1361 arg1 alternative 1506:1516 a promising alternative 1494:1516 a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures 1494:1604 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 2 55 theme molecular 290:298 arg1 mass 300:303 a high molecular mass 283:303 a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate 283:381 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 1 56 theme capsulated 186:195 arg1 bacterium 197:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 56 theme capsulated 186:195 arg1 b 161:161 type b 156:161 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 133:167 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 6 57 theme vaccine 1183:1189 arg1 production 1191:1200 Hib vaccine production 1179:1200 Hib vaccine production 1179:1200 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 4 58 theme composite 670:678 arg1 design 704:709 a central composite rotational experimental design 660:709 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 1 59 theme Haemophilus 133:143 arg1 agent 223:227 a causative agent 211:227 a causative agent of meningitis worldwide 211:251 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 59 theme Haemophilus 133:143 arg1 b 161:161 type b 156:161 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 133:167 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 59 theme Haemophilus 133:143 arg1 bacterium 197:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 59 theme Haemophilus 133:143 arg1 Hib 164:166 Hib 164:166 Hib 164:166 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 3 60 theme polysaccharide 532:545 arg1 production 514:523 The industrial production 499:523 The industrial production of the polysaccharide 499:545 The industrial production of the polysaccharide requires the cultivation of Hib in rich medium, which impacts process costs and product recovery. 28840658 4 61 theme polysaccharide 855:868 arg1 production 870:879 polysaccharide production 855:879 polysaccharide production 855:879 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 7 62 theme amino 1319:1323 arg1 acids 1325:1329 key amino acids 1315:1329 key amino acids 1315:1329 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 4 63 theme experimental 691:702 arg1 design 704:709 a central composite rotational experimental design 660:709 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 5 64 theme batch 1028:1032 arg1 cultivations 1045:1056 batch bioreactor cultivations 1028:1056 batch bioreactor cultivations 1028:1056 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 1 65 theme type 156:159 arg1 agent 223:227 a causative agent 211:227 a causative agent of meningitis worldwide 211:251 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 65 theme type 156:159 arg1 b 161:161 type b 156:161 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 133:167 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 65 theme type 156:159 arg1 bacterium 197:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium 170:205 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 65 theme type 156:159 arg1 Hib 164:166 Hib 164:166 Hib 164:166 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 6 66 from use 1172:1174 arg1 production 1191:1200 Hib vaccine production 1179:1200 Hib vaccine production 1179:1200 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 0 67 theme Haemophilus 88:98 arg1 b 116:116 Haemophilus influenzae type b 88:116 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 0 68 theme type 111:114 arg1 b 116:116 Haemophilus influenzae type b 88:116 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 4 69 from influence 743:751 arg1 formation 841:849 biomass formation 833:849 biomass formation 833:849 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 4 69 from influence 743:751 arg1 production 870:879 polysaccharide production 855:879 polysaccharide production 855:879 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 7 70 used used 1288:1291 arg2 simulations 1216:1226 simulations 1216:1226 simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism 1216:1281 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 0 71 theme growth 118:123 arg1 medium 125:130 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium 66:130 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 6 72 theme High 1059:1062 arg1 production 1079:1088 High polysaccharide production 1059:1088 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) 1059:1100 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 6 72 theme High 1059:1062 arg1 mg/L 1096:1099 ∼500 mg/L 1091:1099 ∼500 mg/L 1091:1099 High polysaccharide production (∼500 mg/L) was obtained in a cheaper and more competitive production process for use in Hib vaccine production. 28840658 2 73 theme carrier 482:488 arg1 protein 490:496 a carrier protein 480:496 a carrier protein 480:496 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 8 74 from families 1443:1450 arg1 acids 1399:1403 amino acids 1393:1403 amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families 1393:1450 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 0 75 theme design 13:18 arg1 tools 48:52 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools 0:52 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools 0:52 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 5 76 theme optimized 902:910 arg1 formulation 919:929 The optimized medium formulation 898:929 The optimized medium formulation 898:929 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 8 77 theme reduced 1522:1528 arg1 accumulation 1538:1549 reduced acetate accumulation 1522:1549 reduced acetate accumulation 1522:1549 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 0 78 theme metabolic 24:32 arg1 analysis 39:46 metabolic flux analysis 24:46 metabolic flux analysis 24:46 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 4 79 theme culture 774:780 arg1 medium 782:787 culture medium 774:787 culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) 774:828 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 0 80 theme analysis 39:46 arg1 tools 48:52 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools 0:52 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools 0:52 Experimental design and metabolic flux analysis tools to optimize industrially relevant Haemophilus influenzae type b growth medium. 28840658 5 81 theme soytone 979:985 arg1 concentrations 987:1000 soytone concentrations 979:1000 soytone concentrations 979:1000 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 7 82 theme Hib 1260:1262 arg1 metabolism 1272:1281 Hib central metabolism 1260:1281 Hib central metabolism 1260:1281 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 8 83 theme enhanced 1555:1562 arg1 production 1579:1588 enhanced polysaccharide production 1555:1588 enhanced polysaccharide production 1555:1588 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 4 84 theme medium 782:787 arg1 components 760:769 key components 756:769 key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) 756:828 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 2 85 theme main 402:405 arg1 factor 417:422 the main virulence factor 398:422 the main virulence factor 398:422 The capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular mass polymer consisting of the repeated units of the polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate, is considered the main virulence factor and it is used as an antigen to vaccines, conjugated to a carrier protein. 28840658 7 86 theme model 1243:1247 arg1 simulations 1216:1226 simulations 1216:1226 simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism 1216:1281 In addition, simulations of a metabolic model describing Hib central metabolism were used to assess the role of key amino acids on growth. 28840658 4 87 theme soy 790:792 arg1 peptone 794:800 soy peptone 790:800 soy peptone 790:800 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 5 88 theme usual 955:959 arg1 extract 967:973 the usual yeast extract 951:973 the usual yeast extract 951:973 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 8 89 theme Hib 1593:1595 arg1 cultures 1597:1604 Hib cultures 1593:1604 Hib cultures 1593:1604 A chemically defined medium supplemented only with amino acids from α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate families as well as phenylalanine was suggested as a promising alternative for reduced acetate accumulation and enhanced polysaccharide production in Hib cultures. 28840658 4 90 theme key 756:758 arg1 components 760:769 key components 756:769 key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) 756:828 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 28840658 1 91 theme causative 213:221 arg1 agent 223:227 a causative agent 211:227 a causative agent of meningitis worldwide 211:251 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 1 91 theme causative 213:221 arg1 b 161:161 type b 156:161 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) 133:167 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a Gram-negative capsulated bacterium, is a causative agent of meningitis worldwide. 28840658 5 92 theme extract 967:973 arg1 half 943:946 half 943:946 half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations 943:1000 The optimized medium formulation, containing half of the usual yeast extract and soytone concentrations, was further validated in batch bioreactor cultivations. 28840658 4 93 used used 724:727 arg2 strategy 711:718 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 a central composite rotational experimental design strategy 660:718 In this study, a central composite rotational experimental design strategy was used to access the influence of key components of culture medium (soy peptone, yeast extract and glucose) on biomass formation and polysaccharide production in shake-flasks. 27790778 0 0 theme oligosaccharide 76:90 arg1 recognition 92:102 heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition 60:102 heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition 60:102 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 6 1 theme Adequate 1013:1020 arg1 choice 1022:1027 Adequate choice 1013:1027 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions 1013:1092 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 4 2 theme heparan 642:648 arg1 sulfates 650:657 heparan sulfates 642:657 heparan sulfates 642:657 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 0 3 theme sulfate 68:74 arg1 recognition 92:102 heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition 60:102 heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition 60:102 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 4 4 theme several 575:581 arg1 approaches 583:592 several approaches 575:592 several approaches for structure analysis 575:615 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 5 5 theme glycol 794:799 arg1 library 770:776 a library 768:776 a library of polyethylene glycol 768:799 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 7 6 from recognition 1303:1313 arg1 sulfates 1359:1366 heparan sulfates 1351:1366 heparan sulfates 1351:1366 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 5 7 theme binding 988:994 arg1 site 996:999 the antithrombin binding site 971:999 the antithrombin binding site of heparin 971:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 7 theme binding 988:994 arg1 heparin 1004:1010 heparin 1004:1010 heparin 1004:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 8 dep prepare 760:766 arg1 acrylate 801:808 acrylate 801:808 acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin 801:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 9 used used 718:721 arg2 we 715:716 we 715:716 we 715:716 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 10 theme molecular 723:731 arg1 technologies 744:755 molecular imprinting technologies 723:755 molecular imprinting technologies 723:755 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 2 11 theme heparan 311:317 arg1 sulfates 319:326 heparan sulfates 311:326 heparan sulfates 311:326 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 4 12 theme sulfates 650:657 arg1 complexity 628:637 the complexity 624:637 the complexity of heparan sulfates 624:657 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 5 13 theme functionalized 810:823 arg1 hydrogels 825:833 functionalized hydrogels 810:833 functionalized hydrogels 810:833 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 7 14 theme imprinting 1241:1250 arg1 approaches 1252:1261 molecular imprinting approaches 1231:1261 molecular imprinting approaches 1231:1261 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 7 14 theme imprinting 1241:1250 arg1 possibility 1274:1284 a possibility 1272:1284 a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates 1272:1366 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 6 15 theme oligosaccharide 1149:1163 arg1 specificity 1177:1187 the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity 1136:1187 the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity 1136:1187 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 1 16 theme glycosaminoglycans 177:194 arg1 family 167:172 the family 163:172 the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis 163:269 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 6 17 theme recognition 1165:1175 arg1 specificity 1177:1187 the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity 1136:1187 the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity 1136:1187 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 6 18 theme sulfated 1140:1147 arg1 specificity 1177:1187 the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity 1136:1187 the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity 1136:1187 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 2 19 theme saccharidic 415:425 arg1 units 427:431 their saccharidic units 409:431 their saccharidic units 409:431 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 5 20 theme specific 886:893 arg1 applicability 869:881 their applicability 863:881 their applicability 863:881 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 20 theme specific 886:893 arg1 systems 907:913 specific recognizing systems 886:913 specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin 886:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 2 21 dep content 357:363 arg1 the 353:355 the 353:355 the 353:355 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 7 22 theme active 1331:1336 arg1 sequences 1338:1346 biologically active sequences 1318:1346 biologically active sequences 1318:1346 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 5 23 theme recognizing 895:905 arg1 applicability 869:881 their applicability 863:881 their applicability 863:881 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 23 theme recognizing 895:905 arg1 systems 907:913 specific recognizing systems 886:913 specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin 886:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 6 24 theme conditions 1083:1092 arg1 choice 1022:1027 Adequate choice 1013:1027 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions 1013:1092 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 7 25 theme molecular 1231:1239 arg1 approaches 1252:1261 molecular imprinting approaches 1231:1261 molecular imprinting approaches 1231:1261 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 7 25 theme molecular 1231:1239 arg1 possibility 1274:1284 a possibility 1272:1284 a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates 1272:1366 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 5 26 theme pentasaccharide 945:959 arg1 analog 961:966 a synthetic pentasaccharide analog 933:966 a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin 933:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 26 theme pentasaccharide 945:959 arg1 fondaparinux 919:930 fondaparinux 919:930 fondaparinux 919:930 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 6 27 theme rebinding 1073:1081 arg1 conditions 1083:1092 controlling rebinding conditions 1061:1092 controlling rebinding conditions 1061:1092 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 1 28 theme Heparan 105:111 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 complex polysaccharides 126:148 complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis 126:269 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 1 28 theme Heparan 105:111 arg1 sulfates 113:120 Heparan sulfates 105:120 Heparan sulfates 105:120 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 0 29 theme ethylene 5:12 arg1 Poly 0:3 Poly 0:3 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate) 0:29 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 0 29 theme ethylene 5:12 arg1 glycol 14:19 ethylene glycol acrylate 5:28 ethylene glycol acrylate 5:28 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 6 30 theme controlling 1061:1071 arg1 conditions 1083:1092 controlling rebinding conditions 1061:1092 controlling rebinding conditions 1061:1092 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 4 31 dep makes 659:663 arg1 required 699:706 required 699:706 makes new and original approaches still required 659:706 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 3 32 theme relevant 510:517 arg1 sequences 535:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 7 33 theme specific 1294:1301 arg1 recognition 1303:1313 the specific recognition 1290:1313 the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates 1290:1366 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 7 34 theme sequences 1338:1346 arg1 recognition 1303:1313 the specific recognition 1290:1313 the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates 1290:1366 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 3 35 theme patterns 485:492 arg1 identification 446:459 identification 446:459 identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 446:543 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 0 36 theme acrylate 21:28 arg1 Poly 0:3 Poly 0:3 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate) 0:29 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 0 36 theme acrylate 21:28 arg1 glycol 14:19 ethylene glycol acrylate 5:28 ethylene glycol acrylate 5:28 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 6 37 theme composition 1045:1055 arg1 choice 1022:1027 Adequate choice 1013:1027 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions 1013:1092 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 5 38 theme polyethylene 781:792 arg1 glycol 794:799 polyethylene glycol 781:799 polyethylene glycol 781:799 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 1 39 theme cell 234:237 arg1 behavior 239:246 cell behavior 234:246 cell behavior 234:246 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 5 40 theme antithrombin 975:986 arg1 site 996:999 the antithrombin binding site 971:999 the antithrombin binding site of heparin 971:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 40 theme antithrombin 975:986 arg1 heparin 1004:1010 heparin 1004:1010 heparin 1004:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 41 theme imprinting 733:742 arg1 technologies 744:755 molecular imprinting technologies 723:755 molecular imprinting technologies 723:755 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 3 42 theme particular 464:473 arg1 patterns 485:492 particular sulfation patterns 464:492 particular sulfation patterns 464:492 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 5 43 theme heparin 1004:1010 arg1 site 996:999 the antithrombin binding site 971:999 the antithrombin binding site of heparin 971:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 43 theme heparin 1004:1010 arg1 heparin 1004:1010 heparin 1004:1010 heparin 1004:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 7 44 theme heparan 1351:1357 arg1 sulfates 1359:1366 heparan sulfates 1351:1366 heparan sulfates 1351:1366 Our results suggest that molecular imprinting approaches could be a possibility for the specific recognition of biologically active sequences in heparan sulfates. 27790778 1 45 theme complex 126:132 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 complex polysaccharides 126:148 complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis 126:269 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 1 45 theme complex 126:132 arg1 sulfates 113:120 Heparan sulfates 105:120 Heparan sulfates 105:120 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 4 46 theme structure 598:606 arg1 analysis 608:615 structure analysis 598:615 structure analysis 598:615 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 3 47 theme heparan 519:525 arg1 sequences 535:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 1 48 theme behavior 239:246 arg1 regulation 220:229 the regulation 216:229 the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis 216:269 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 2 49 theme biological 276:285 arg1 dependent 340:348 dependent 340:348 dependent 340:348 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 2 49 theme biological 276:285 arg1 activities 287:296 The biological activities 272:296 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates 272:326 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 3 50 from identification 446:459 arg1 sequences 535:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 3 51 theme sulfate 527:533 arg1 sequences 535:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences 497:543 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 4 52 theme new 665:667 arg1 approaches 682:691 new and original approaches 665:691 new and original approaches 665:691 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 0 53 theme heparan 60:66 arg1 sulfate 68:74 heparan sulfate 60:74 heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition 60:102 Poly(ethylene glycol acrylate)-functionalized hydrogels for heparan sulfate oligosaccharide recognition. 27790778 5 54 theme synthetic 935:943 arg1 analog 961:966 a synthetic pentasaccharide analog 933:966 a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin 933:1010 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 5 54 theme synthetic 935:943 arg1 fondaparinux 919:930 fondaparinux 919:930 fondaparinux 919:930 Here, we used molecular imprinting technologies to prepare a library of polyethylene glycol acrylate functionalized hydrogels with the aim to investigate their applicability as specific recognizing systems for fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide analog to the antithrombin binding site of heparin. 27790778 2 55 theme groups 396:401 arg1 positioning 369:379 positioning 369:379 positioning 369:379 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 2 55 theme groups 396:401 arg1 content 357:363 content 357:363 content 357:363 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 3 56 theme sulfation 475:483 arg1 patterns 485:492 particular sulfation patterns 464:492 particular sulfation patterns 464:492 At present, identification of particular sulfation patterns in biologically relevant heparan sulfate sequences remains challenging. 27790778 1 57 theme tissue 252:257 arg1 homeostasis 259:269 tissue homeostasis 252:269 tissue homeostasis 252:269 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27790778 6 58 theme important 1099:1107 arg1 determinants 1109:1120 important determinants 1099:1120 important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity 1099:1203 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 4 59 theme original 673:680 arg1 approaches 682:691 new and original approaches 665:691 new and original approaches 665:691 Although several approaches for structure analysis exist, the complexity of heparan sulfates makes new and original approaches still required. 27790778 2 60 theme sulfate 388:394 arg1 groups 396:401 the sulfate groups 384:401 the sulfate groups 384:401 The biological activities conferred to heparan sulfates are largely dependent on the content and positioning of the sulfate groups along their saccharidic units. 27790778 6 61 theme hydrogel 1036:1043 arg1 composition 1045:1055 the hydrogel composition 1032:1055 the hydrogel composition 1032:1055 Adequate choice of the hydrogel composition and controlling rebinding conditions were important determinants for improving the sulfated oligosaccharide recognition specificity and selectivity. 27790778 1 62 theme homeostasis 259:269 arg1 regulation 220:229 the regulation 216:229 the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis 216:269 Heparan sulfates are complex polysaccharides belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans that participate to the regulation of cell behavior and tissue homeostasis. 27604684 4 0 theme Pinus 670:674 arg1 pine 664:667 radiata pine 656:667 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 4 0 theme Pinus 670:674 arg1 radiata 676:682 Pinus radiata 670:682 Pinus radiata 670:682 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 0 1 from locations 34:42 arg1 woods 108:112 compression woods 96:112 compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 96:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 2 theme D. 145:146 arg1 Don 148:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 2 theme D. 145:146 arg1 pine 125:128 radiata pine 117:128 radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 117:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 13 3 theme monosaccharide 1623:1636 arg1 compositions 1638:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions 1611:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types 1611:1707 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 13 4 dep small 1728:1732 arg1 defined 1740:1746 defined 1740:1746 defined 1740:1746 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 5 5 dep RESULTS 692:698 arg1 identified 725:734 identified 725:734 were identified by the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls 720:788 RESULTS The four wood types were identified by the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls. 27604684 1 6 theme tilted 213:218 arg1 stems 220:224 tilted stems 213:224 tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) 213:273 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 4 7 theme tilted 649:654 arg1 stems 685:689 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 11 8 dep -β-D-galactans 1347:1360 arg1 1 → 4 1341:1345 1 → 4 1341:1345 1 → 4 1341:1345 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 14 9 theme S2 1955:1956 arg1 layer 1963:1967 the S2 wall layer 1951:1967 the S2 wall layer for SCW 1951:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 4 10 theme pine 664:667 arg1 stems 685:689 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 9 11 from region 1170:1175 arg1 -β-D-galactans 1129:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1118:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1118:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 9 11 from region 1170:1175 arg1 located 1149:1155 located 1149:1155 located 1149:1155 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 7 12 theme tracheid 876:883 arg1 walls 885:889 The tracheid walls 872:889 The tracheid walls of only SCW 872:901 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 11 13 theme relative 1406:1413 arg1 amounts 1415:1421 relative amounts 1406:1421 relative amounts 1406:1421 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 11 13 theme relative 1406:1413 arg1 galactans 1432:1440 these galactans 1426:1440 these galactans 1426:1440 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 0 14 theme compression 96:106 arg1 woods 108:112 compression woods 96:112 compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 96:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 8 15 from amounts 1103:1109 arg1 OW 1114:1115 OW 1114:1115 OW 1114:1115 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 1 16 theme Compression 165:175 arg1 CW 183:184 CW 183:184 CW 183:184 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 1 16 theme Compression 165:175 arg1 wood 177:180 BACKGROUND Compression wood 154:180 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) 154:185 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 16 17 theme labelling 2160:2168 arg1 results 2170:2176 the labelling results 2156:2176 the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 2156:2202 The proportions of galactose were consistent with the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans. 27604684 11 18 from locations 1392:1400 arg1 sections 1462:1469 whole stem cross sections 1445:1469 whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye 1445:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 11 19 theme whole 1445:1449 arg1 sections 1462:1469 whole stem cross sections 1445:1469 whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye 1445:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 1 20 from underside 200:208 arg1 upperside 282:290 the upperside 278:290 the upperside 278:290 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 15 21 theme -β-D-glucans 2045:2056 arg1 occurrence 1982:1991 occurrence 1982:1991 occurrence 1982:1991 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 15 21 theme -β-D-glucans 2045:2056 arg1 markers 2073:2079 markers 2073:2079 markers for CW and its severity 2073:2103 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 15 21 theme -β-D-glucans 2045:2056 arg1 proportions 1997:2007 proportions 1997:2007 proportions 1997:2007 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 11 22 theme galactans 1432:1440 arg1 locations 1392:1400 locations 1392:1400 locations 1392:1400 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 11 22 theme galactans 1432:1440 arg1 amounts 1415:1421 relative amounts 1406:1421 relative amounts 1406:1421 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 11 22 theme galactans 1432:1440 arg1 galactans 1432:1440 these galactans 1426:1440 these galactans 1426:1440 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 0 23 theme pine 125:128 arg1 woods 108:112 compression woods 96:112 compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 96:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 13 24 theme small 1728:1732 arg1 discs 1748:1752 small, well defined discs 1728:1752 small, well defined discs 1728:1752 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 5 25 theme wood 709:712 arg1 types 714:718 The four wood types 700:718 The four wood types 700:718 RESULTS The four wood types were identified by the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls. 27604684 16 26 theme 1 → 4 2183:2187 arg1 -β-D-galactans 2189:2202 (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 2182:2202 (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 2182:2202 The proportions of galactose were consistent with the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans. 27604684 4 27 theme grades 565:570 arg1 structures 530:539 tracheid wall structures 516:539 tracheid wall structures 516:539 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 4 27 theme grades 565:570 arg1 compositions 545:556 compositions 545:556 compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW 545:596 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 0 28 theme Pinus 131:135 arg1 Don 148:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 28 theme Pinus 131:135 arg1 pine 125:128 radiata pine 117:128 radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 117:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 11 29 dep locations 1392:1400 arg1 the 1388:1390 the 1388:1390 the 1388:1390 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 15 30 dep -β-D-galactans 2019:2032 arg1 1 → 4 2013:2017 1 → 4 2013:2017 1 → 4 2013:2017 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 4 31 dep MCWs 575:578 arg1 2 587:587 2 587:587 2 587:587 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 4 31 dep MCWs 575:578 arg1 1 581:581 1 581:581 1 581:581 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 4 32 theme wall 525:528 arg1 structures 530:539 tracheid wall structures 516:539 tracheid wall structures 516:539 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 1 33 theme OW 271:272 arg1 stems 220:224 tilted stems 213:224 tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) 213:273 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 0 34 from structures 19:28 arg1 woods 108:112 compression woods 96:112 compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 96:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 7 35 theme inner 947:951 arg1 S2i 961:963 S2i 961:963 S2i 961:963 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 7 35 theme inner 947:951 arg1 region 953:958 the inner region 943:958 the inner region (S2i) 943:964 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 9 36 theme layer 1187:1191 arg1 region 1170:1175 the outer region 1160:1175 the outer region of the S2 layer 1160:1191 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 14 37 dep CONCLUSION 1842:1851 arg1 presence 1857:1864 The presence 1853:1864 The presence of an S3 wall layer 1853:1884 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 14 37 dep CONCLUSION 1842:1851 arg1 marker 1891:1896 a marker 1889:1896 a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW 1889:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 13 38 theme galactose 1784:1792 arg1 proportion 1770:1779 the proportion 1766:1779 the proportion of galactose 1766:1792 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 0 39 theme 1 → 3 74:78 arg1 -β-D-glucans 80:91 (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 73:91 (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 73:91 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 13 40 theme polysaccharides 1673:1687 arg1 compositions 1638:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions 1611:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types 1611:1707 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 5 41 theme lignin 759:764 arg1 distribution 743:754 the distribution 739:754 the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls 739:788 RESULTS The four wood types were identified by the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls. 27604684 8 42 theme tracheid 1058:1065 arg1 walls 1067:1071 the tracheid walls 1054:1071 the tracheid walls of all CWs 1054:1082 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 2 43 theme wood 321:324 arg1 types 326:330 these wood types 315:330 these wood types 315:330 The tracheid walls of these wood types differ structurally and chemically. 27604684 0 44 theme -β-D-glucans 80:91 arg1 structures 19:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 44 theme -β-D-glucans 80:91 arg1 locations 34:42 locations 34:42 locations 34:42 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 6 45 contain had 830:832 arg2 layer 839:843 a S3 layer 834:843 a S3 layer 834:843 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 6 45 contain had 830:832 arg1 walls 809:813 Only the tracheid walls 791:813 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 791:828 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 4 46 theme MCWs 575:578 arg1 grades 565:570 two grades 561:570 two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW 561:596 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 14 47 theme layer 1880:1884 arg1 marker 1891:1896 a marker 1889:1896 a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW 1889:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 14 47 theme layer 1880:1884 arg1 presence 1857:1864 The presence 1853:1864 The presence of an S3 wall layer 1853:1884 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 11 48 theme insoluble 1500:1508 arg1 dye 1510:1512 an insoluble dye 1497:1512 an insoluble dye 1497:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 0 49 theme Tracheid 0:7 arg1 structures 19:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 1 50 theme stems 220:224 arg1 underside 200:208 the underside 196:208 the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside 196:290 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 15 51 used used 2065:2068 arg2 markers 2073:2079 markers 2073:2079 markers for CW and its severity 2073:2103 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 15 51 used used 2065:2068 arg2 proportions 1997:2007 proportions 1997:2007 proportions 1997:2007 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 15 51 used used 2065:2068 arg2 occurrence 1982:1991 occurrence 1982:1991 occurrence 1982:1991 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 8 52 theme CWs 1080:1082 arg1 walls 1067:1071 the tracheid walls 1054:1071 the tracheid walls of all CWs 1054:1082 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 14 53 theme S3 1872:1873 arg1 layer 1880:1884 an S3 wall layer 1869:1884 an S3 wall layer 1869:1884 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 1 54 theme coniferous 229:238 arg1 gymnosperms 240:250 coniferous gymnosperms 229:250 coniferous gymnosperms 229:250 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 6 55 theme MCW1 825:828 arg1 walls 809:813 Only the tracheid walls 791:813 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 791:828 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 12 56 contain containing 1521:1530 arg2 types 1546:1550 the four wood types 1532:1550 the four wood types 1532:1550 Areas containing the four wood types were clearly differentiated depending on colour intensity. 27604684 12 56 contain containing 1521:1530 arg1 Areas 1515:1519 Areas 1515:1519 Areas containing the four wood types 1515:1550 Areas containing the four wood types were clearly differentiated depending on colour intensity. 27604684 7 57 theme SCW 899:901 arg1 walls 885:889 The tracheid walls 872:889 The tracheid walls of only SCW 872:901 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 11 58 used used 1371:1374 arg2 antibody 1327:1334 The antibody 1323:1334 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1323:1360 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 6 59 theme OW 818:819 arg1 walls 809:813 Only the tracheid walls 791:813 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 791:828 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 6 60 from MCW1 866:869 arg1 thin 858:861 thin 858:861 thin 858:861 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 1 61 theme wood 265:268 arg1 OW 271:272 opposite wood (OW) 256:273 opposite wood (OW) 256:273 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 13 62 theme types 1703:1707 arg1 compositions 1638:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions 1611:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types 1611:1707 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 9 63 theme S2i 1244:1246 arg1 region 1248:1253 the inner S2i region 1234:1253 the inner S2i region 1234:1253 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 13 64 theme non-cellulosic 1658:1671 arg1 polysaccharides 1673:1687 the non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1654:1687 the non-cellulosic polysaccharides 1654:1687 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 11 65 theme cross 1456:1460 arg1 sections 1462:1469 whole stem cross sections 1445:1469 whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye 1445:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 5 66 from distribution 743:754 arg1 walls 784:788 their tracheid walls 769:788 their tracheid walls 769:788 RESULTS The four wood types were identified by the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls. 27604684 4 67 theme tracheid 516:523 arg1 structures 530:539 tracheid wall structures 516:539 tracheid wall structures 516:539 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 13 68 dep showed 1759:1764 arg1 higher 1798:1803 higher 1798:1803 higher 1798:1803 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 13 68 dep showed 1759:1764 arg1 increased 1817:1825 increased 1817:1825 increased with severity 1817:1839 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 2 69 theme types 326:330 arg1 walls 306:310 The tracheid walls 293:310 The tracheid walls of these wood types 293:330 The tracheid walls of these wood types differ structurally and chemically. 27604684 3 70 theme severe 425:430 arg1 SCW 436:438 SCW 436:438 SCW 436:438 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 3 70 theme severe 425:430 arg1 CW 421:422 CW 421:422 CW 421:422 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 3 70 theme severe 425:430 arg1 CW 432:433 severe CW 425:433 severe CW (SCW) 425:439 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 6 71 from thin 858:861 arg1 MCW1 866:869 MCW1 866:869 MCW1 866:869 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 3 72 theme CW 421:422 arg1 form 413:416 the most severe form 397:416 the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs) 397:456 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 9 73 located located 1149:1155 arg2 located 1149:1155 located 1149:1155 located 1149:1155 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 9 73 located located 1149:1155 arg2 -β-D-galactans 1129:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1118:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1118:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 9 73 located located 1149:1155 arg1 region 1170:1175 the outer region 1160:1175 the outer region of the S2 layer 1160:1191 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 14 74 from MCW 1907:1909 arg1 layer 1963:1967 the S2 wall layer 1951:1967 the S2 wall layer for SCW 1951:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 10 75 dep areas 1260:1264 arg1 The 1256:1258 The 1256:1258 The 1256:1258 The areas and intensities of labelling increased with CW severity. 27604684 14 76 theme wall 1958:1961 arg1 layer 1963:1967 the S2 wall layer 1951:1967 the S2 wall layer for SCW 1951:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 11 77 from amounts 1415:1421 arg1 sections 1462:1469 whole stem cross sections 1445:1469 whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye 1445:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 7 78 contain had 903:905 arg2 layer 912:916 a S2 layer 907:916 a S2 layer 907:916 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 7 78 contain had 903:905 arg1 walls 885:889 The tracheid walls 872:889 The tracheid walls of only SCW 872:901 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 16 79 with consistent 2140:2149 arg1 results 2170:2176 the labelling results 2156:2176 the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 2156:2202 The proportions of galactose were consistent with the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans. 27604684 4 80 theme radiata 656:662 arg1 pine 664:667 radiata pine 656:667 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 4 80 theme radiata 656:662 arg1 radiata 676:682 Pinus radiata 670:682 Pinus radiata 670:682 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 14 81 theme cavities 1939:1946 arg1 MCW 1907:1909 MCW 1907:1909 MCW 1907:1909 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 14 81 theme cavities 1939:1946 arg1 presence 1919:1926 the presence 1915:1926 the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW 1915:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 3 82 theme mild 442:445 arg1 CWs 447:449 mild CWs 442:449 mild CWs (MCWs) 442:456 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 3 82 theme mild 442:445 arg1 CW 421:422 CW 421:422 CW 421:422 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 3 82 theme mild 442:445 arg1 MCWs 452:455 MCWs 452:455 MCWs 452:455 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 1 83 theme BACKGROUND 154:163 arg1 CW 183:184 CW 183:184 CW 183:184 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 1 83 theme BACKGROUND 154:163 arg1 wood 177:180 BACKGROUND Compression wood 154:180 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) 154:185 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 12 84 theme colour 1593:1598 arg1 intensity 1600:1608 colour intensity 1593:1608 colour intensity 1593:1608 Areas containing the four wood types were clearly differentiated depending on colour intensity. 27604684 2 85 theme tracheid 297:304 arg1 walls 306:310 The tracheid walls 293:310 The tracheid walls of these wood types 293:330 The tracheid walls of these wood types differ structurally and chemically. 27604684 0 86 theme radiata 117:123 arg1 Don 148:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 86 theme radiata 117:123 arg1 pine 125:128 radiata pine 117:128 radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 117:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 9 87 theme 1 → 4 1123:1127 arg1 -β-D-galactans 1129:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1118:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 1118:1142 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 9 87 theme 1 → 4 1123:1127 arg1 located 1149:1155 located 1149:1155 located 1149:1155 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 7 88 from cavities 931:938 arg1 S2i 961:963 S2i 961:963 S2i 961:963 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 7 88 from cavities 931:938 arg1 region 953:958 the inner region 943:958 the inner region (S2i) 943:964 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 11 89 theme stem 1451:1454 arg1 sections 1462:1469 whole stem cross sections 1445:1469 whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye 1445:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 4 90 from OW 634:635 arg1 stems 685:689 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems 640:689 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 14 91 attach presence 1919:1926 arg2 cavities 1939:1946 helical cavities 1931:1946 helical cavities 1931:1946 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 14 91 attach presence 1919:1926 arg1 layer 1963:1967 the S2 wall layer 1951:1967 the S2 wall layer for SCW 1951:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 15 92 dep occurrence 1982:1991 arg1 The 1978:1980 The 1978:1980 The 1978:1980 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 14 93 theme helical 1931:1937 arg1 cavities 1939:1946 helical cavities 1931:1946 helical cavities 1931:1946 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 0 94 theme radiata 137:143 arg1 Don 148:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Pinus radiata D. Don 131:150 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 94 theme radiata 137:143 arg1 pine 125:128 radiata pine 117:128 radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) 117:151 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 9 95 theme outer 1164:1168 arg1 region 1170:1175 the outer region 1160:1175 the outer region of the S2 layer 1160:1191 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 0 96 theme -β-D-galactans 54:67 arg1 structures 19:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 0 96 theme -β-D-galactans 54:67 arg1 locations 34:42 locations 34:42 locations 34:42 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 6 97 theme tracheid 800:807 arg1 walls 809:813 Only the tracheid walls 791:813 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 791:828 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 8 98 theme 1 → 3 1018:1022 arg1 -β-D-glucans 1024:1035 (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 1017:1035 (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 1017:1035 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 15 99 theme -β-D-galactans 2019:2032 arg1 occurrence 1982:1991 occurrence 1982:1991 occurrence 1982:1991 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 15 99 theme -β-D-galactans 2019:2032 arg1 markers 2073:2079 markers 2073:2079 markers for CW and its severity 2073:2103 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 15 99 theme -β-D-galactans 2019:2032 arg1 proportions 1997:2007 proportions 1997:2007 proportions 1997:2007 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 9 100 theme S2 1184:1185 arg1 layer 1187:1191 the S2 layer 1180:1191 the S2 layer 1180:1191 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 16 101 theme galactose 2125:2133 arg1 proportions 2110:2120 The proportions 2106:2120 The proportions of galactose 2106:2133 The proportions of galactose were consistent with the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans. 27604684 16 101 theme galactose 2125:2133 arg1 consistent 2140:2149 consistent 2140:2149 consistent 2140:2149 The proportions of galactose were consistent with the labelling results for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans. 27604684 4 102 theme SCW 594:596 arg1 grades 565:570 two grades 561:570 two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW 561:596 In this study, tracheid wall structures and compositions of two grades of MCWs (1 and 2) and SCW were investigated and compared with OW in slightly tilted radiata pine (Pinus radiata) stems. 27604684 12 103 theme wood 1541:1544 arg1 types 1546:1550 the four wood types 1532:1550 the four wood types 1532:1550 Areas containing the four wood types were clearly differentiated depending on colour intensity. 27604684 15 104 dep -β-D-glucans 2045:2056 arg1 1 → 3 2039:2043 1 → 3 2039:2043 1 → 3 2039:2043 The occurrence and proportions of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans can be used as markers for CW and its severity. 27604684 0 105 theme cell-wall 9:17 arg1 structures 19:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures 0:28 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 13 106 theme wood 1698:1701 arg1 types 1703:1707 these wood types 1692:1707 these wood types 1692:1707 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 9 107 theme 1 → 3 1207:1211 arg1 -β-D-glucans 1213:1224 the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 1202:1224 the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 1202:1224 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 6 108 theme S3 836:837 arg1 layer 839:843 a S3 layer 834:843 a S3 layer 834:843 Only the tracheid walls of OW and MCW1 had a S3 layer and this was thin in MCW1. 27604684 14 109 theme wall 1875:1878 arg1 layer 1880:1884 an S3 wall layer 1869:1884 an S3 wall layer 1869:1884 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 11 110 theme dye 1510:1512 arg1 formation 1484:1492 the formation 1480:1492 the formation of an insoluble dye 1480:1512 The antibody for (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans was also used to identify the locations and relative amounts of these galactans in whole stem cross sections based on the formation of an insoluble dye. 27604684 10 111 theme CW 1310:1311 arg1 severity 1313:1320 CW severity 1310:1320 CW severity 1310:1320 The areas and intensities of labelling increased with CW severity. 27604684 7 112 theme only 894:897 arg1 SCW 899:901 only SCW 894:901 only SCW 894:901 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 1 113 theme gymnosperms 240:250 arg1 stems 220:224 tilted stems 213:224 tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) 213:273 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 10 114 theme labelling 1285:1293 arg1 intensities 1270:1280 intensities 1270:1280 intensities 1270:1280 The areas and intensities of labelling increased with CW severity. 27604684 10 114 theme labelling 1285:1293 arg1 areas 1260:1264 areas 1260:1264 areas 1260:1264 The areas and intensities of labelling increased with CW severity. 27604684 7 115 theme helical 923:929 arg1 cavities 931:938 helical cavities 923:938 helical cavities in the inner region (S2i) 923:964 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 27604684 0 116 theme 1 → 4 48:52 arg1 -β-D-galactans 54:67 (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 47:67 (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 47:67 Tracheid cell-wall structures and locations of (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans in compression woods of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don). 27604684 1 117 theme opposite 256:263 arg1 OW 271:272 opposite wood (OW) 256:273 opposite wood (OW) 256:273 BACKGROUND Compression wood (CW) forms on the underside of tilted stems of coniferous gymnosperms and opposite wood (OW) on the upperside. 27604684 9 118 theme inner 1238:1242 arg1 region 1248:1253 the inner S2i region 1234:1253 the inner S2i region 1234:1253 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 9 119 from located 1149:1155 arg1 region 1170:1175 the outer region 1160:1175 the outer region of the S2 layer 1160:1191 The (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans were located in the outer region of the S2 layer, whereas the (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were in the inner S2i region. 27604684 14 120 from presence 1919:1926 arg1 layer 1963:1967 the S2 wall layer 1951:1967 the S2 wall layer for SCW 1951:1975 CONCLUSION The presence of an S3 wall layer is a marker for very MCW and the presence of helical cavities in the S2 wall layer for SCW. 27604684 5 121 theme tracheid 775:782 arg1 walls 784:788 their tracheid walls 769:788 their tracheid walls 769:788 RESULTS The four wood types were identified by the distribution of lignin in their tracheid walls. 27604684 8 122 theme trace 1097:1101 arg1 amounts 1103:1109 only trace amounts 1092:1109 only trace amounts in OW 1092:1115 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 3 123 theme severe 406:411 arg1 form 413:416 the most severe form 397:416 the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs) 397:456 Although much is known about the most severe form of CW, severe CW (SCW), mild CWs (MCWs), also occur, but less is known about them. 27604684 8 124 located detected 1042:1049 arg2 -β-D-glucans 1024:1035 (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 1017:1035 (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans 1017:1035 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 8 124 located detected 1042:1049 arg2 -β-D-galactans 998:1011 -β-D-galactans 998:1011 (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans 991:1011 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 8 124 located detected 1042:1049 arg1 walls 1067:1071 the tracheid walls 1054:1071 the tracheid walls of all CWs 1054:1082 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 8 125 dep -β-D-galactans 998:1011 arg1 1 → 4 992:996 1 → 4 992:996 1 → 4 992:996 Using immunomicroscopy, (1 → 4)-β-D-galactans and (1 → 3)-β-D-glucans were detected in the tracheid walls of all CWs, but in only trace amounts in OW. 27604684 13 126 theme neutral 1615:1621 arg1 compositions 1638:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions 1611:1649 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types 1611:1707 The neutral monosaccharide compositions of the non-cellulosic polysaccharides of these wood types were determined on small, well defined discs, and showed the proportion of galactose was higher for CWs and increased with severity. 27604684 7 127 theme S2 909:910 arg1 layer 912:916 a S2 layer 907:916 a S2 layer 907:916 The tracheid walls of only SCW had a S2 layer with helical cavities in the inner region (S2i). 29150961 0 0 theme pathway 94:100 arg1 glycoengineering 46:61 glycoengineering 46:61 glycoengineering of the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 46:100 Modulation of IgG1 immunoeffector function by glycoengineering of the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway. 29150961 2 1 theme receptor 489:496 arg1 engagement 498:507 Fcγ receptor engagement 485:507 Fcγ receptor engagement 485:507 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 2 2 theme N-terminal 372:381 arg1 region 383:388 the N-terminal region 368:388 the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain 368:411 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 1 3 theme mechanisms 257:266 arg1 activation 223:232 the activation 219:232 the activation of key immune effector mechanisms 219:266 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 2 4 theme Fcγ 485:487 arg1 engagement 498:507 Fcγ receptor engagement 485:507 Fcγ receptor engagement 485:507 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 5 5 theme ADCC 1114:1117 arg1 11-fold 1140:1146 11-fold 1140:1146 11-fold 1140:1146 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 5 theme ADCC 1114:1117 arg1 activity 1130:1137 in vitro ADCC cell-based activity 1105:1137 in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold) 1105:1147 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 6 6 theme pathway 1273:1279 arg1 utilization 1225:1235 the utilization 1221:1235 the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1221:1279 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 4 7 from development 790:800 arg1 number 753:758 a number 751:758 a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 751:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 1 8 theme hematopoietic 166:178 arg1 cells 180:184 hematopoietic cells 166:184 hematopoietic cells 166:184 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 5 9 theme host 998:1001 arg1 line 1012:1015 the host CHO cell line 994:1015 the host CHO cell line 994:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 6 10 theme salvage 1265:1271 arg1 pathway 1273:1279 the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1240:1279 the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1240:1279 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 3 11 theme fucose 539:544 arg1 residue 546:552 a single core fucose residue 525:552 a single core fucose residue 525:552 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 6 12 theme fucosylation 1350:1361 arg1 level 1363:1367 the N-glycan fucosylation level 1337:1367 the N-glycan fucosylation level 1337:1367 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 4 13 theme advantages 772:781 arg1 number 753:758 a number 751:758 a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 751:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 6 14 theme GDP-fucose 1254:1263 arg1 pathway 1273:1279 the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1240:1279 the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1240:1279 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 3 15 theme residue 546:552 arg1 removal 514:520 The removal 510:520 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan 510:570 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 1 16 theme antibody-dependent 279:296 arg1 cytotoxicity 312:323 antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity 279:323 antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 279:330 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 1 16 theme antibody-dependent 279:296 arg1 ADCC 326:329 ADCC 326:329 ADCC 326:329 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 6 17 theme N-glycan 1341:1348 arg1 level 1363:1367 the N-glycan fucosylation level 1337:1367 the N-glycan fucosylation level 1337:1367 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 4 18 theme molecule 726:733 arg1 potency 711:717 The enhanced potency 698:717 The enhanced potency of the molecule 698:733 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 6 19 theme alternate 1244:1252 arg1 pathway 1273:1279 the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1240:1279 the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway 1240:1279 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 4 20 from advantages 772:781 arg1 development 790:800 the development 786:800 the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 786:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 3 21 theme single 527:532 arg1 residue 546:552 a single core fucose residue 525:552 a single core fucose residue 525:552 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 2 22 theme IgG 397:399 arg1 domain 406:411 the IgG CH 2 domain 393:411 the IgG CH 2 domain 393:411 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 1 23 theme cells 180:184 arg1 surface 155:161 the surface 151:161 the surface of hematopoietic cells 151:184 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 6 24 theme effector 1392:1399 arg1 function 1401:1408 IgG immune effector function 1381:1408 IgG immune effector function 1381:1408 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 3 25 theme core 534:537 arg1 residue 546:552 a single core fucose residue 525:552 a single core fucose residue 525:552 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 2 26 theme CH 401:402 arg1 domain 406:411 the IgG CH 2 domain 393:411 the IgG CH 2 domain 393:411 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 0 27 theme biosynthesis 81:92 arg1 pathway 94:100 the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 66:100 the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 66:100 Modulation of IgG1 immunoeffector function by glycoengineering of the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway. 29150961 6 28 theme immune 1385:1390 arg1 function 1401:1408 IgG immune effector function 1381:1408 IgG immune effector function 1381:1408 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 6 29 theme fast 1294:1297 arg1 mechanism 1313:1321 a fast and efficient mechanism 1292:1321 a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function 1292:1408 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 1 30 theme IgG 189:191 arg1 complexes 200:208 IgG immune complexes 189:208 IgG immune complexes 189:208 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 2 31 theme quaternary 444:453 arg1 structure 455:463 the quaternary structure 440:463 the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement 440:507 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 1 32 theme cell 298:301 arg1 cytotoxicity 312:323 antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity 279:323 antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 279:330 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 1 32 theme cell 298:301 arg1 ADCC 326:329 ADCC 326:329 ADCC 326:329 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 4 33 from number 753:758 arg1 development 790:800 the development 786:800 the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 786:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 1 34 theme immune 193:198 arg1 complexes 200:208 IgG immune complexes 189:208 IgG immune complexes 189:208 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 0 35 theme immunoeffector 19:32 arg1 Modulation 0:9 Modulation 0:9 Modulation of IgG1 immunoeffector 0:32 Modulation of IgG1 immunoeffector function by glycoengineering of the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway. 29150961 1 36 theme mediated 303:310 arg1 cytotoxicity 312:323 antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity 279:323 antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 279:330 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 1 36 theme mediated 303:310 arg1 ADCC 326:329 ADCC 326:329 ADCC 326:329 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 4 37 theme distinct 763:770 arg1 advantages 772:781 distinct advantages 763:781 distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 763:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 5 38 theme line 1012:1015 arg1 pathway 983:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 947:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line 947:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 0 39 theme IgG1 14:17 arg1 immunoeffector 19:32 IgG1 immunoeffector 14:32 IgG1 immunoeffector 14:32 Modulation of IgG1 immunoeffector function by glycoengineering of the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway. 29150961 5 40 dep in 1105:1106 arg1 vitro 1108:1112 vitro 1108:1112 vitro 1108:1112 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 41 theme IgG1 908:911 arg1 anti-CD20 897:905 an anti-CD20 894:905 an anti-CD20 894:905 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 41 theme IgG1 908:911 arg1 molecule 913:920 IgG1 molecule 908:920 IgG1 molecule 908:920 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 6 42 theme effective 1168:1176 arg1 strategy 1195:1202 this effective glycoengineering strategy 1163:1202 this effective glycoengineering strategy 1163:1202 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 5 43 dep de 951:952 arg1 novo 954:957 novo 954:957 novo 954:957 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 3 44 theme enhanced 646:653 arg1 function 688:695 an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 643:695 an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 643:695 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 3 45 theme considerable 585:596 arg1 increase 598:605 a considerable increase 583:605 a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 583:695 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 3 46 from increase 598:605 arg1 affinity 610:617 affinity 610:617 affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 610:695 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 2 47 theme molecule 472:479 arg1 structure 455:463 the quaternary structure 440:463 the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement 440:507 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 6 48 theme efficient 1303:1311 arg1 mechanism 1313:1321 a fast and efficient mechanism 1292:1321 a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function 1292:1408 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 5 49 theme FcγRIIIa 1074:1081 arg1 binding 1083:1089 enhanced FcγRIIIa binding 1065:1089 enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) 1065:1099 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 4 50 theme cancer 824:829 arg1 therapy 831:837 cancer therapy 824:837 cancer therapy 824:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 2 51 theme domain 406:411 arg1 region 383:388 the N-terminal region 368:388 the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain 368:411 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 5 52 theme biosynthesis 970:981 arg1 pathway 983:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 947:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line 947:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 1 53 theme Fcγ 124:126 arg1 receptors 128:136 the Fcγ receptors 120:136 the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells 120:184 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 5 54 theme cell-based 1119:1128 arg1 11-fold 1140:1146 11-fold 1140:1146 11-fold 1140:1146 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 54 theme cell-based 1119:1128 arg1 activity 1130:1137 in vitro ADCC cell-based activity 1105:1137 in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold) 1105:1147 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 55 dep binding 1083:1089 arg1 13-fold 1092:1098 13-fold 1092:1098 13-fold 1092:1098 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 56 theme % 1032:1032 arg1 IgG1 1047:1050 >80% afucosylated IgG1 1029:1050 >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold) 1029:1147 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 57 theme >80 1029:1031 arg1 % 1032:1032 % 1032:1032 % 1032:1032 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 1 58 theme receptors 128:136 arg1 Cross-linking 103:115 Cross-linking 103:115 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes 103:208 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 5 59 theme cell 1007:1010 arg1 line 1012:1015 the host CHO cell line 994:1015 the host CHO cell line 994:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 60 theme afucosylated 1034:1045 arg1 IgG1 1047:1050 >80% afucosylated IgG1 1029:1050 >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold) 1029:1147 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 4 61 theme IgG 805:807 arg1 antibodies 809:818 IgG antibodies 805:818 IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 805:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 6 62 theme glycoengineering 1178:1193 arg1 strategy 1195:1202 this effective glycoengineering strategy 1163:1202 this effective glycoengineering strategy 1163:1202 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 5 63 theme de 951:952 arg1 pathway 983:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 947:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line 947:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 3 64 theme receptor-mediated 655:671 arg1 function 688:695 an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 643:695 an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 643:695 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 5 65 theme GDP-fucose 959:968 arg1 pathway 983:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 947:989 the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line 947:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 66 theme enhanced 1065:1072 arg1 binding 1083:1089 enhanced FcγRIIIa binding 1065:1089 enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) 1065:1099 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 2 67 theme conserved 335:343 arg1 critical 416:423 critical 416:423 critical 416:423 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 2 67 theme conserved 335:343 arg1 N-glycan 345:352 A conserved N-glycan 333:352 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain 333:411 A conserved N-glycan positioned at the N-terminal region of the IgG CH 2 domain is critical in maintaining the quaternary structure of the molecule for Fcγ receptor engagement. 29150961 3 68 from N-glycan 563:570 arg1 removal 514:520 The removal 510:520 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan 510:570 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 1 69 theme key 237:239 arg1 mechanisms 257:266 key immune effector mechanisms 237:266 key immune effector mechanisms 237:266 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 0 70 theme GDP-fucose 70:79 arg1 pathway 94:100 the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 66:100 the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway 66:100 Modulation of IgG1 immunoeffector function by glycoengineering of the GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway. 29150961 3 71 theme immunoeffector 673:686 arg1 function 688:695 an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 643:695 an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function 643:695 The removal of a single core fucose residue from the N-glycan results in a considerable increase in affinity for FcγRIIIa leading to an enhanced receptor-mediated immunoeffector function. 29150961 5 72 theme CHO 1003:1005 arg1 line 1012:1015 the host CHO cell line 994:1015 the host CHO cell line 994:1015 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 4 73 theme enhanced 702:709 arg1 potency 711:717 The enhanced potency 698:717 The enhanced potency of the molecule 698:733 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 1 74 theme immune 241:246 arg1 mechanisms 257:266 key immune effector mechanisms 237:266 key immune effector mechanisms 237:266 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 29150961 6 75 theme IgG 1381:1383 arg1 function 1401:1408 IgG immune effector function 1381:1408 IgG immune effector function 1381:1408 In addition, this effective glycoengineering strategy also allowed for the utilization of the alternate GDP-fucose salvage pathway to provide a fast and efficient mechanism to manipulate the N-glycan fucosylation level to modulate IgG immune effector function. 29150961 5 76 theme in 1105:1106 arg1 11-fold 1140:1146 11-fold 1140:1146 11-fold 1140:1146 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 76 theme in 1105:1106 arg1 activity 1130:1137 in vitro ADCC cell-based activity 1105:1137 in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold) 1105:1147 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 4 77 theme antibodies 809:818 arg1 development 790:800 the development 786:800 the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy 786:837 The enhanced potency of the molecule translates into a number of distinct advantages in the development of IgG antibodies for cancer therapy. 29150961 5 78 theme anti-CD20 897:905 arg1 potency 883:889 the potency 879:889 the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule 879:920 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 5 79 gly afucosylated 1034:1045 arg1 IgG1 1047:1050 >80% afucosylated IgG1 1029:1050 >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold) 1029:1147 In an effort to significantly increase the potency of an anti-CD20, IgG1 molecule, we selectively targeted the de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis pathway of the host CHO cell line to generate >80% afucosylated IgG1 resulting in enhanced FcγRIIIa binding (13-fold) and in vitro ADCC cell-based activity (11-fold). 29150961 1 80 theme effector 248:255 arg1 mechanisms 257:266 key immune effector mechanisms 237:266 key immune effector mechanisms 237:266 Cross-linking of the Fcγ receptors expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells by IgG immune complexes triggers the activation of key immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). 28911588 0 0 theme nutrient 80:87 arg1 compositions 89:100 nutrient compositions 80:100 nutrient compositions 80:100 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 7 1 from different 1115:1123 arg1 minerals 1128:1135 minerals 1128:1135 minerals 1128:1135 Nutrient compositions were mainly different in minerals, whereas anitmutagenicity was similar. 28911588 2 2 theme few 379:381 arg1 studies 383:389 few studies 379:389 few studies 379:389 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 8 3 theme food 1303:1306 arg1 products 1308:1315 immunomodulating food products 1286:1315 immunomodulating food products 1286:1315 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 6 4 contain had 1041:1043 arg1 WEPI 990:993 WEPI 990:993 WEPI 990:993 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 6 4 contain had 1041:1043 arg2 activity 1061:1068 higher SOD-like activity 1045:1068 higher SOD-like activity 1045:1068 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 5 5 theme dismutase 893:901 arg1 activities 932:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities 882:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 1 6 theme antimutagenic 270:282 arg1 effects 284:290 antimutagenic effects 270:290 antimutagenic effects 270:290 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 7 7 from minerals 1128:1135 arg1 different 1115:1123 different 1115:1123 different 1115:1123 Nutrient compositions were mainly different in minerals, whereas anitmutagenicity was similar. 28911588 4 8 theme P. 713:714 arg1 linteus 716:722 P. linteus 713:722 P. linteus 713:722 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 5 9 theme WEPI 946:949 arg1 activities 932:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities 882:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 9 theme WEPI 946:949 arg1 contents 822:829 The contents 818:829 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides 818:868 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 7 10 theme Nutrient 1081:1088 arg1 compositions 1090:1101 Nutrient compositions 1081:1101 Nutrient compositions 1081:1101 Nutrient compositions were mainly different in minerals, whereas anitmutagenicity was similar. 28911588 5 11 theme superoxide 882:891 arg1 SOD 904:906 SOD 904:906 SOD 904:906 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 11 theme superoxide 882:891 arg1 dismutase 893:901 superoxide dismutase 882:901 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 4 12 theme water 750:754 arg1 extract 763:769 water [water extract 750:769 water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)] 750:815 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 0 13 theme igniarius 115:123 arg1 antimutagenicity 58:73 antimutagenicity 58:73 antimutagenicity 58:73 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 13 theme igniarius 115:123 arg1 components 25:34 the functional components 10:34 the functional components 10:34 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 13 theme igniarius 115:123 arg1 activities 46:55 SOD-like activities 37:55 SOD-like activities 37:55 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 13 theme igniarius 115:123 arg1 compositions 89:100 nutrient compositions 80:100 nutrient compositions 80:100 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 5 14 theme antimutagenic 918:930 arg1 SOD 904:906 SOD 904:906 SOD 904:906 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 14 theme antimutagenic 918:930 arg1 dismutase 893:901 superoxide dismutase 882:901 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 3 15 theme proximate 565:573 arg1 compositions 575:586 compositions 575:586 compositions 575:586 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 8 16 theme greater 1229:1235 arg1 potential 1237:1245 greater potential 1229:1245 greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus 1229:1331 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 6 17 theme higher 1045:1050 arg1 activity 1061:1068 higher SOD-like activity 1045:1068 higher SOD-like activity 1045:1068 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 0 18 theme Phellinus 105:113 arg1 igniarius 115:123 Phellinus igniarius 105:123 Phellinus igniarius 105:123 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 2 19 theme Phenolic 293:300 arg1 polysaccharides 316:330 polysaccharides 316:330 polysaccharides 316:330 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 19 theme Phenolic 293:300 arg1 kinds 340:344 two kinds 336:344 two kinds of bioactive compounds 336:367 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 19 theme Phenolic 293:300 arg1 compounds 302:310 Phenolic compounds 293:310 Phenolic compounds 293:310 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 1 20 theme genus 178:182 arg1 Phellinus 184:192 the genus Phellinus 174:192 the genus Phellinus 174:192 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 2 21 theme functional 480:489 arg1 components 491:500 their functional components 474:500 their functional components 474:500 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 6 22 from rich 999:1002 arg1 phenolics 1007:1015 phenolics 1007:1015 phenolics 1007:1015 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 6 22 from rich 999:1002 arg1 polysaccharides 1021:1035 polysaccharides 1021:1035 polysaccharides 1021:1035 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 3 23 theme fruiting 613:620 arg1 body 622:625 the fruiting body 609:625 the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus 609:656 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 1 24 theme Phellinus 184:192 arg1 species 163:169 Many species 158:169 Many species of the genus Phellinus 158:192 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 3 25 theme body 622:625 arg1 microelements 592:604 microelements 592:604 microelements 592:604 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 3 25 theme body 622:625 arg1 compositions 575:586 compositions 575:586 compositions 575:586 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 4 26 theme igniarius 699:707 arg1 body 688:691 The fruiting body 675:691 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus 675:722 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 8 27 theme immunomodulating 1286:1301 arg1 products 1308:1315 immunomodulating food products 1286:1315 immunomodulating food products 1286:1315 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 0 28 theme Phellinus 129:137 arg1 mushrooms 147:155 Phellinus linteus mushrooms 129:155 Phellinus linteus mushrooms 129:155 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 5 29 theme -like 908:912 arg1 SOD 904:906 SOD 904:906 SOD 904:906 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 29 theme -like 908:912 arg1 dismutase 893:901 superoxide dismutase 882:901 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 4 30 theme igniarius 777:785 arg1 extract 763:769 water [water extract 750:769 water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)] 750:815 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 2 31 theme Phellinus 453:461 arg1 linteus 463:469 Phellinus linteus 453:469 Phellinus linteus 453:469 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 0 32 theme functional 14:23 arg1 components 25:34 the functional components 10:34 the functional components 10:34 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 5 33 theme WEPL 955:958 arg1 activities 932:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities 882:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 33 theme WEPL 955:958 arg1 contents 822:829 The contents 818:829 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides 818:868 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 1 34 contain possess 194:200 arg2 antioxidant 235:245 antioxidant 235:245 antioxidant 235:245 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 34 contain possess 194:200 arg2 properties 213:222 beneficial properties 202:222 beneficial properties 202:222 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 34 contain possess 194:200 arg2 effects 284:290 antimutagenic effects 270:290 antimutagenic effects 270:290 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 34 contain possess 194:200 arg1 species 163:169 Many species 158:169 Many species of the genus Phellinus 158:192 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 34 contain possess 194:200 arg2 immune-enhancing 248:263 immune-enhancing 248:263 immune-enhancing 248:263 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 6 35 theme SOD-like 1052:1059 arg1 activity 1061:1068 higher SOD-like activity 1045:1068 higher SOD-like activity 1045:1068 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 8 36 theme products 1308:1315 arg1 development 1255:1265 the development 1251:1265 the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus 1251:1331 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 0 37 theme SOD-like 37:44 arg1 activities 46:55 SOD-like activities 37:55 SOD-like activities 37:55 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 38 theme mushrooms 147:155 arg1 antimutagenicity 58:73 antimutagenicity 58:73 antimutagenicity 58:73 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 38 theme mushrooms 147:155 arg1 components 25:34 the functional components 10:34 the functional components 10:34 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 38 theme mushrooms 147:155 arg1 activities 46:55 SOD-like activities 37:55 SOD-like activities 37:55 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 0 38 theme mushrooms 147:155 arg1 compositions 89:100 nutrient compositions 80:100 nutrient compositions 80:100 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 3 39 theme igniarius 633:641 arg1 body 622:625 the fruiting body 609:625 the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus 609:656 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 5 40 theme total 834:838 arg1 phenolics 840:848 total phenolics 834:848 total phenolics 834:848 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 2 41 theme functional 503:512 arg1 activities 514:523 functional activities 503:523 functional activities 503:523 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 0 42 theme linteus 139:145 arg1 mushrooms 147:155 Phellinus linteus mushrooms 129:155 Phellinus linteus mushrooms 129:155 Comparing the functional components, SOD-like activities, antimutagenicity, and nutrient compositions of Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus mushrooms. 28911588 5 43 theme phenolics 840:848 arg1 activities 932:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities 882:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 43 theme phenolics 840:848 arg1 contents 822:829 The contents 818:829 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides 818:868 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 2 44 theme Phellinus 429:437 arg1 igniarius 439:447 Phellinus igniarius 429:447 Phellinus igniarius 429:447 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 8 45 theme antioxidant 1270:1280 arg1 development 1255:1265 the development 1251:1265 the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus 1251:1331 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 3 46 dep compositions 575:586 arg1 the 561:563 the 561:563 the 561:563 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 6 47 from phenolics 1007:1015 arg1 rich 999:1002 rich 999:1002 rich 999:1002 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 4 48 theme linteus 801:807 arg1 extract 763:769 water [water extract 750:769 water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)] 750:815 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 2 49 from differences 409:419 arg1 compositions 539:550 nutrient compositions 530:550 nutrient compositions 530:550 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 49 from differences 409:419 arg1 components 491:500 their functional components 474:500 their functional components 474:500 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 49 from differences 409:419 arg1 activities 514:523 functional activities 503:523 functional activities 503:523 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 50 theme compounds 359:367 arg1 polysaccharides 316:330 polysaccharides 316:330 polysaccharides 316:330 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 50 theme compounds 359:367 arg1 kinds 340:344 two kinds 336:344 two kinds of bioactive compounds 336:367 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 2 50 theme compounds 359:367 arg1 compounds 302:310 Phenolic compounds 293:310 Phenolic compounds 293:310 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 8 51 contain has 1225:1227 arg1 igniarius 1215:1223 P. igniarius 1212:1223 P. igniarius 1212:1223 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 8 51 contain has 1225:1227 arg2 potential 1237:1245 greater potential 1229:1245 greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus 1229:1331 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 4 52 theme P. 798:799 arg1 WEPL 810:813 WEPL 810:813 WEPL 810:813 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 4 52 theme P. 798:799 arg1 linteus 801:807 P. linteus 798:807 P. linteus (WEPL)] 798:815 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 2 53 theme bioactive 349:357 arg1 compounds 359:367 bioactive compounds 349:367 bioactive compounds 349:367 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 8 54 theme P. 1322:1323 arg1 linteus 1325:1331 P. linteus 1322:1331 P. linteus 1322:1331 All of these results suggested that P. igniarius has greater potential for the development of antioxidant and immunomodulating food products than P. linteus. 28911588 4 55 theme [water 756:761 arg1 extract 763:769 water [water extract 750:769 water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)] 750:815 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 4 56 theme fruiting 679:686 arg1 body 688:691 The fruiting body 675:691 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus 675:722 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 3 57 theme P. 647:648 arg1 linteus 650:656 P. linteus 647:656 P. linteus 647:656 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 1 58 theme beneficial 202:211 arg1 immune-enhancing 248:263 immune-enhancing 248:263 immune-enhancing 248:263 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 58 theme beneficial 202:211 arg1 properties 213:222 beneficial properties 202:222 beneficial properties 202:222 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 58 theme beneficial 202:211 arg1 antioxidant 235:245 antioxidant 235:245 antioxidant 235:245 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 1 58 theme beneficial 202:211 arg1 effects 284:290 antimutagenic effects 270:290 antimutagenic effects 270:290 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 28911588 4 59 theme linteus 716:722 arg1 body 688:691 The fruiting body 675:691 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus 675:722 The fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were extracted by boiling water [water extract of P. igniarius (WEPI) and P. linteus (WEPL)]. 28911588 5 60 theme polysaccharides 854:868 arg1 activities 932:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities 882:941 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL 882:958 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 5 60 theme polysaccharides 854:868 arg1 contents 822:829 The contents 818:829 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides 818:868 The contents of total phenolics and polysaccharides, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like and antimutagenic activities of WEPI and WEPL, were compared. 28911588 2 61 theme nutrient 530:537 arg1 compositions 539:550 nutrient compositions 530:550 nutrient compositions 530:550 Phenolic compounds and polysaccharides are two kinds of bioactive compounds; however, few studies have compared the differences between Phellinus igniarius and Phellinus linteus in their functional components, functional activities, and nutrient compositions. 28911588 3 62 theme linteus 650:656 arg1 body 622:625 the fruiting body 609:625 the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus 609:656 Herein, the proximate compositions and microelements of the fruiting body of P. igniarius and P. linteus were determined. 28911588 6 63 from polysaccharides 1021:1035 arg1 rich 999:1002 rich 999:1002 rich 999:1002 We found that WEPI was rich in phenolics and polysaccharides and had higher SOD-like activity than WEPL. 28911588 1 64 theme Many 158:161 arg1 species 163:169 Many species 158:169 Many species of the genus Phellinus 158:192 Many species of the genus Phellinus possess beneficial properties, including antioxidant, immune-enhancing, and antimutagenic effects. 26123275 3 0 from domains 470:476 arg1 chains 492:497 hybrid GAG chains 481:497 hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 481:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 5 1 theme DS- 913:915 arg1 domains 929:935 DS- and CS-rich domains 913:935 DS- and CS-rich domains 913:935 The expression of DS- and CS-rich domains in the two tissues was assessed comparatively. 26123275 4 2 theme 14-week-old 801:811 arg1 brains 819:824 14-week-old mouse brains 801:824 14-week-old mouse brains 801:824 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 4 3 with digestion 833:841 arg1 B 860:860 chondroitin B 848:860 chondroitin B 848:860 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 5 4 theme domains 929:935 arg1 expression 899:908 The expression 895:908 The expression of DS- and CS-rich domains in the two tissues 895:954 The expression of DS- and CS-rich domains in the two tissues was assessed comparatively. 26123275 3 5 from characterization 434:449 arg1 chains 492:497 hybrid GAG chains 481:497 hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 481:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 4 6 theme I 886:886 arg1 lyase 888:892 AC I lyase 883:892 AC I lyase 883:892 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 1 7 theme CS/DS 187:191 arg1 GAGs 214:217 GAGs 214:217 GAGs 214:217 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 1 7 theme CS/DS 187:191 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 194:211 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans 157:211 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 157:218 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 4 8 with parallel 869:876 arg1 lyase 888:892 AC I lyase 883:892 AC I lyase 883:892 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 1 9 theme brain 283:287 arg1 development 289:299 brain development 283:299 brain development 283:299 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 8 10 theme [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc 1380:1396 arg1 incidence 1340:1348 the incidence 1336:1348 the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2] 1336:1410 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 5 11 from expression 899:908 arg1 tissues 948:954 the two tissues 940:954 the two tissues 940:954 The expression of DS- and CS-rich domains in the two tissues was assessed comparatively. 26123275 8 12 theme mouse 1353:1357 arg1 brain 1359:1363 mouse brain 1353:1363 mouse brain 1353:1363 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 3 13 theme high-resolution 577:591 arg1 MS 612:613 MS 612:613 MS 612:613 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 3 13 theme high-resolution 577:591 arg1 spectrometry 598:609 high-resolution mass spectrometry 577:609 high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) 577:614 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 8 14 theme atypical 1371:1378 arg1 IdoAGalNAc 1398:1407 IdoAGalNAc 1398:1407 IdoAGalNAc 1398:1407 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 8 14 theme atypical 1371:1378 arg1 [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc 1380:1396 an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc 1368:1396 an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2] 1368:1410 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 7 15 theme higher 1125:1130 arg1 sulfation 1132:1140 a higher sulfation 1123:1140 a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions 1123:1159 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 2 16 from activities 380:389 arg1 brain 394:398 brain 394:398 brain 394:398 Previous reports revealed that GAG composition could be responsible for CS/DS activities in brain. 26123275 3 17 theme neural 514:519 arg1 tissue 521:526 neural tissue 514:526 neural tissue 514:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 7 18 theme younger 1174:1180 arg1 brain 1182:1186 the younger brain 1170:1186 the younger brain 1170:1186 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 8 19 theme collision-induced 1283:1299 arg1 dissociation 1301:1312 collision-induced dissociation 1283:1312 collision-induced dissociation 1283:1312 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 4 20 theme mouse 813:817 arg1 brains 819:824 14-week-old mouse brains 801:824 14-week-old mouse brains 801:824 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 3 21 theme CS-rich 462:468 arg1 domains 470:476 DS- and CS-rich domains 454:476 DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 454:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 3 22 theme structural 423:432 arg1 characterization 434:449 the structural characterization 419:449 the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 419:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 6 23 theme structural 1022:1031 arg1 variability 1033:1043 an age-related structural variability 1007:1043 an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs 1007:1063 The analyses indicated an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs. 26123275 7 24 theme DS-rich 1145:1151 arg1 regions 1153:1159 DS-rich regions 1145:1159 DS-rich regions 1145:1159 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 2 25 theme Previous 302:309 arg1 reports 311:317 Previous reports 302:317 Previous reports 302:317 Previous reports revealed that GAG composition could be responsible for CS/DS activities in brain. 26123275 3 26 theme domains 470:476 arg1 characterization 434:449 the structural characterization 419:449 the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 419:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 0 27 theme mass 9:12 arg1 characterization 27:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization 0:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 0:124 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 4 28 theme AC 883:884 arg1 lyase 888:892 AC I lyase 883:892 AC I lyase 883:892 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 7 29 theme higher 1223:1228 arg1 sulfation 1230:1238 a higher sulfation 1221:1238 a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions 1221:1257 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 3 30 theme mass 593:596 arg1 MS 612:613 MS 612:613 MS 612:613 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 3 30 theme mass 593:596 arg1 spectrometry 598:609 high-resolution mass spectrometry 577:609 high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) 577:614 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 3 31 theme DS- 454:456 arg1 domains 470:476 DS- and CS-rich domains 454:476 DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 454:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 0 32 theme Orbitrap 0:7 arg1 characterization 27:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization 0:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 0:124 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 7 33 theme more 1103:1106 arg1 structures 1108:1117 more structures 1103:1117 more structures 1103:1117 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 4 34 theme high-resolution 689:703 arg1 MS 705:706 Our high-resolution MS 685:706 Our high-resolution MS 685:706 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 8 35 theme bisulfated 1426:1435 arg1 disaccharide 1440:1451 a bisulfated CS disaccharide 1424:1451 a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties 1424:1516 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 3 36 theme GAG 488:490 arg1 chains 492:497 hybrid GAG chains 481:497 hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 481:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 0 37 theme spectrometry 14:25 arg1 characterization 27:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization 0:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 0:124 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 3 38 theme ion 675:677 arg1 mode 679:682 the negative ion mode 662:682 the negative ion mode 662:682 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 2 39 theme GAG 333:335 arg1 composition 337:347 GAG composition 333:347 GAG composition 333:347 Previous reports revealed that GAG composition could be responsible for CS/DS activities in brain. 26123275 4 40 theme multistage 712:721 arg1 MS 723:724 multistage MS 712:724 multistage MS 712:724 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 0 41 theme hybrid 47:52 arg1 domains 98:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains 47:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain 47:123 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 2 42 theme CS/DS 374:378 arg1 activities 380:389 CS/DS activities 374:389 CS/DS activities in brain 374:398 Previous reports revealed that GAG composition could be responsible for CS/DS activities in brain. 26123275 7 43 theme regions 1251:1257 arg1 sulfation 1230:1238 a higher sulfation 1221:1238 a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions 1221:1257 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 4 44 theme chondroitin 848:858 arg1 B 860:860 chondroitin B 848:860 chondroitin B 848:860 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 1 45 theme neurotrophic 229:240 arg1 effects 242:248 neurotrophic effects 229:248 neurotrophic effects 229:248 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 6 46 theme age-related 1010:1020 arg1 variability 1033:1043 an age-related structural variability 1007:1043 an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs 1007:1063 The analyses indicated an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs. 26123275 3 47 theme hybrid 481:486 arg1 chains 492:497 hybrid GAG chains 481:497 hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 481:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 0 48 theme sulfate 75:81 arg1 domains 98:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains 47:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain 47:123 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 3 49 theme negative 666:673 arg1 mode 679:682 the negative ion mode 662:682 the negative ion mode 662:682 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 8 50 theme 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc 1490:1507 arg1 moieties 1509:1516 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties 1463:1516 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties 1463:1516 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 1 51 theme central 133:139 arg1 system 149:154 the central nervous system 129:154 the central nervous system 129:154 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 0 52 theme chondroitin/dermatan 54:73 arg1 domains 98:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains 47:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain 47:123 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 7 53 theme older 1070:1074 arg1 brain 1076:1080 The older brain 1066:1080 The older brain 1066:1080 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 7 54 theme CS-rich 1243:1249 arg1 regions 1251:1257 CS-rich regions 1243:1257 CS-rich regions 1243:1257 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 1 55 theme nervous 141:147 arg1 system 149:154 the central nervous system 129:154 the central nervous system 129:154 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 8 56 theme CS 1437:1438 arg1 disaccharide 1440:1451 a bisulfated CS disaccharide 1424:1451 a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties 1424:1516 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 4 57 theme GAG 829:831 arg1 digestion 833:841 GAG digestion 829:841 GAG digestion with chondroitin B 829:860 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 7 58 theme regions 1153:1159 arg1 structures 1108:1117 more structures 1103:1117 more structures 1103:1117 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 7 58 theme regions 1153:1159 arg1 sulfation 1132:1140 a higher sulfation 1123:1140 a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions 1123:1159 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 8 59 theme 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA 1463:1484 arg1 moieties 1509:1516 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties 1463:1516 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties 1463:1516 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 4 60 dep MS 705:706 arg1 approach 726:733 approach 726:733 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach 685:733 Our high-resolution MS and multistage MS approach was developed and applied to hexasaccharides obtained from 4- and 14-week-old mouse brains by GAG digestion with chondroitin B and in parallel with AC I lyase. 26123275 3 61 from chains 492:497 arg1 characterization 434:449 the structural characterization 419:449 the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue 419:526 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 7 62 contain contain 1095:1101 arg2 sulfation 1132:1140 a higher sulfation 1123:1140 a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions 1123:1159 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 7 62 contain contain 1095:1101 arg1 brain 1076:1080 The older brain 1066:1080 The older brain 1066:1080 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 7 62 contain contain 1095:1101 arg2 structures 1108:1117 more structures 1103:1117 more structures 1103:1117 The older brain was found to contain more structures and a higher sulfation of DS-rich regions, whereas the younger brain was found to be characterized by a higher sulfation of CS-rich regions. 26123275 3 63 theme advanced 550:557 arg1 approach 559:566 an advanced approach 547:566 an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) 547:614 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 5 64 theme CS-rich 921:927 arg1 domains 929:935 DS- and CS-rich domains 913:935 DS- and CS-rich domains 913:935 The expression of DS- and CS-rich domains in the two tissues was assessed comparatively. 26123275 8 65 from incidence 1340:1348 arg1 brain 1359:1363 mouse brain 1353:1363 mouse brain 1353:1363 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 1 66 theme glial 254:258 arg1 maturation 265:274 glial cell maturation 254:274 glial cell maturation 254:274 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 0 67 theme domains 98:104 arg1 characterization 27:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization 0:42 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 0:124 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 6 68 theme motifs 1058:1063 arg1 variability 1033:1043 an age-related structural variability 1007:1043 an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs 1007:1063 The analyses indicated an age-related structural variability of the CS/DS motifs. 26123275 3 69 theme nanoelectrospray 622:637 arg1 Orbitrap 650:657 nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap 622:657 nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap 622:657 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 8 70 theme multistage 1263:1272 arg1 MS 1274:1275 multistage MS 1263:1275 multistage MS 1263:1275 By multistage MS using collision-induced dissociation, we also demonstrated the incidence in mouse brain of an atypical [4,5-Δ-GlcAGalNAc(IdoAGalNAc)2], presenting a bisulfated CS disaccharide formed by 3-O-sulfate-4,5-Δ-GlcA and 6-O-sulfate-GalNAc moieties. 26123275 1 71 theme chondroitin/dermatan 157:176 arg1 GAGs 214:217 GAGs 214:217 GAGs 214:217 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 1 71 theme chondroitin/dermatan 157:176 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 194:211 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans 157:211 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 157:218 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 1 72 theme cell 260:263 arg1 maturation 265:274 glial cell maturation 254:274 glial cell maturation 254:274 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 0 73 theme hexasaccharide 83:96 arg1 domains 98:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains 47:104 hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain 47:123 Orbitrap mass spectrometry characterization of hybrid chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hexasaccharide domains expressed in brain. 26123275 3 74 theme ionization 639:648 arg1 Orbitrap 650:657 nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap 622:657 nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap 622:657 In this work, for the structural characterization of DS- and CS-rich domains in hybrid GAG chains extracted from neural tissue, we have developed an advanced approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) using nanoelectrospray ionization Orbitrap in the negative ion mode. 26123275 1 75 theme sulfate 178:184 arg1 GAGs 214:217 GAGs 214:217 GAGs 214:217 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 26123275 1 75 theme sulfate 178:184 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 194:211 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans 157:211 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 157:218 In the central nervous system, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate neurotrophic effects and glial cell maturation during brain development. 25129716 3 0 theme solvent 323:329 arg1 casting 331:337 solvent casting 323:337 solvent casting 323:337 Two types of composites were elaborated by solvent casting. 25129716 8 1 theme mechanical 1058:1067 arg1 properties 1069:1078 better mechanical properties 1051:1078 better mechanical properties 1051:1078 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 2 theme modulus 980:986 arg1 44.1MPa 1011:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 2 theme modulus 980:986 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 2 theme modulus 980:986 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 7 3 dep films 795:799 arg1 respect 817:823 respect 817:823 hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 783:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 1 4 theme material 150:157 arg1 elaboration 159:169 new material elaboration 146:169 new material elaboration 146:169 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob has been used for new material elaboration. 25129716 8 5 from % 1041:1041 arg1 strain 1020:1025 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 5 from % 1041:1041 arg1 ∼ 1036:1036 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 5 from % 1041:1041 arg1 at 1027:1028 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 5 from % 1041:1041 arg1 break 1030:1034 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 6 theme better 1051:1056 arg1 properties 1069:1078 better mechanical properties 1051:1078 better mechanical properties 1051:1078 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 5 7 theme 0.54 653:656 arg1 substitution 637:648 substitution 637:648 substitution of 0.54 637:656 The degree of substitution of BAH was 1.8 and acetylated cellulose presented a degree of substitution of 0.54. 25129716 7 8 theme ∼ 852:852 arg1 °C 858:859 Tmax ∼ 300 °C 847:859 Tmax ∼ 300 °C 847:859 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 8 theme ∼ 852:852 arg1 films 840:844 hydrophilic films 828:844 hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 828:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 8 9 dep films 1097:1101 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 9 dep films 1097:1101 arg1 MPa 1144:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 9 dep films 1097:1101 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 4 10 theme bleached 371:378 arg1 BH 395:396 BH 395:396 BH 395:396 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 4 10 theme bleached 371:378 arg1 hemicellulose 380:392 bleached hemicellulose 371:392 bleached hemicellulose (BH) 371:397 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 5 11 theme acetylated 594:603 arg1 cellulose 605:613 acetylated cellulose 594:613 acetylated cellulose 594:613 The degree of substitution of BAH was 1.8 and acetylated cellulose presented a degree of substitution of 0.54. 25129716 1 12 theme Xylan-rich 89:98 arg1 hemicellulose 100:112 Xylan-rich hemicellulose 89:112 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob 89:126 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob has been used for new material elaboration. 25129716 8 13 theme ∼ 988:988 arg1 44.1MPa 1011:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 13 theme ∼ 988:988 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 13 theme ∼ 988:988 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 7 14 theme significant 719:729 arg1 improvement 731:741 A significant improvement 717:741 A significant improvement 717:741 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 8 15 theme hydrophobic 953:963 arg1 films 965:969 hydrophobic films 953:969 hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) 953:1042 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 4 16 theme unmodified 400:409 arg1 cellulose 411:419 unmodified cellulose 400:419 unmodified cellulose 400:419 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 8 17 from % 1170:1170 arg1 strain 1149:1154 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 17 from % 1170:1170 arg1 ∼ 1165:1165 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 17 from % 1170:1170 arg1 at 1156:1157 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 17 from % 1170:1170 arg1 break 1159:1163 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 7 18 theme Tmax 847:850 arg1 °C 858:859 Tmax ∼ 300 °C 847:859 Tmax ∼ 300 °C 847:859 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 18 theme Tmax 847:850 arg1 films 840:844 hydrophilic films 828:844 hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 828:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 8 19 theme ∼ 1138:1138 arg1 MPa 1144:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 19 theme ∼ 1138:1138 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 20 theme hydrophilic 1085:1095 arg1 films 1097:1101 hydrophilic films 1085:1101 hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%) 1085:1171 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 4 21 theme bleached 493:500 arg1 BAH 517:519 BAH 517:519 BAH 517:519 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 4 21 theme bleached 493:500 arg1 hemicellulose 502:514 acetylated bleached hemicellulose 482:514 acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) 482:520 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 7 22 theme hydrophilic 828:838 arg1 °C 858:859 Tmax ∼ 300 °C 847:859 Tmax ∼ 300 °C 847:859 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 22 theme hydrophilic 828:838 arg1 films 840:844 hydrophilic films 828:844 hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 828:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 8 23 theme strength 1129:1136 arg1 MPa 1144:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 23 theme strength 1129:1136 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 24 theme Young 1104:1108 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 24 theme Young 1104:1108 arg1 MPa 1144:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 24 theme Young 1104:1108 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 4 25 theme acetylated 482:491 arg1 BAH 517:519 BAH 517:519 BAH 517:519 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 4 25 theme acetylated 482:491 arg1 hemicellulose 502:514 acetylated bleached hemicellulose 482:514 acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) 482:520 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 8 26 theme ∼ 1009:1009 arg1 44.1MPa 1011:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 26 theme ∼ 1009:1009 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 0 27 theme mechanical 66:75 arg1 properties 77:86 thermal and mechanical properties 54:86 thermal and mechanical properties 54:86 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 0 27 theme mechanical 66:75 arg1 films 16:20 Xylan-cellulose films 0:20 Xylan-cellulose films 0:20 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 1 28 used used 137:140 arg2 hemicellulose 100:112 Xylan-rich hemicellulose 89:112 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob 89:126 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob has been used for new material elaboration. 25129716 6 29 theme films 696:700 arg1 properties 682:691 Thermal and mechanical properties 659:691 Thermal and mechanical properties of films 659:700 Thermal and mechanical properties of films were analyzed. 25129716 0 30 theme Xylan-cellulose 0:14 arg1 properties 77:86 thermal and mechanical properties 54:86 thermal and mechanical properties 54:86 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 0 30 theme Xylan-cellulose 0:14 arg1 films 16:20 Xylan-cellulose films 0:20 Xylan-cellulose films 0:20 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 7 31 theme ∼ 807:807 arg1 °C 813:814 Tmax ∼ 368 °C 802:814 Tmax ∼ 368 °C 802:814 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 31 theme ∼ 807:807 arg1 films 795:799 hydrophobic films 783:799 hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 783:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 5 32 theme substitution 637:648 arg1 degree 627:632 a degree 625:632 a degree of substitution of 0.54 625:656 The degree of substitution of BAH was 1.8 and acetylated cellulose presented a degree of substitution of 0.54. 25129716 1 33 from cob 124:126 arg1 hemicellulose 100:112 Xylan-rich hemicellulose 89:112 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob 89:126 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob has been used for new material elaboration. 25129716 8 34 theme modulus 1112:1118 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 34 theme modulus 1112:1118 arg1 MPa 1144:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 34 theme modulus 1112:1118 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 35 theme Young 972:976 arg1 44.1MPa 1011:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 35 theme Young 972:976 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 35 theme Young 972:976 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 36 theme films 946:950 arg1 type 938:941 both type 933:941 both type of films 933:950 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 37 theme strain 1149:1154 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 37 theme strain 1149:1154 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 1 38 theme corn 119:122 arg1 cob 124:126 corn cob 119:126 corn cob 119:126 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob has been used for new material elaboration. 25129716 6 39 theme mechanical 671:680 arg1 properties 682:691 Thermal and mechanical properties 659:691 Thermal and mechanical properties of films 659:700 Thermal and mechanical properties of films were analyzed. 25129716 0 40 theme hydrophobicity 38:51 arg1 improvement 23:33 improvement 23:33 improvement of hydrophobicity 23:51 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 7 41 theme Tmax 802:805 arg1 °C 813:814 Tmax ∼ 368 °C 802:814 Tmax ∼ 368 °C 802:814 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 41 theme Tmax 802:805 arg1 films 795:799 hydrophobic films 783:799 hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 783:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 8 42 theme at 1027:1028 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 42 theme at 1027:1028 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 43 theme break 1159:1163 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 43 theme break 1159:1163 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 44 theme ∼ 1120:1120 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 44 theme ∼ 1120:1120 arg1 MPa 1144:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 strength ∼ 3.3 MPa 1129:1146 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 44 theme ∼ 1120:1120 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 4 45 theme acetylated 526:535 arg1 cellulose 537:545 acetylated cellulose 526:545 acetylated cellulose 526:545 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 8 46 theme strain 1020:1025 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 46 theme strain 1020:1025 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 2 47 theme Commercial 172:181 arg1 cellulose 183:191 Commercial cellulose 172:191 Commercial cellulose 172:191 Commercial cellulose was used as reinforcement in different percentages to improve properties of the films. 25129716 2 47 theme Commercial 172:181 arg1 reinforcement 205:217 reinforcement 205:217 reinforcement 205:217 Commercial cellulose was used as reinforcement in different percentages to improve properties of the films. 25129716 8 48 theme cellulose 888:896 arg1 addition 876:883 the addition 872:883 the addition of cellulose 872:896 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 49 theme at 1156:1157 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 49 theme at 1156:1157 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 0 50 theme thermal 54:60 arg1 properties 77:86 thermal and mechanical properties 54:86 thermal and mechanical properties 54:86 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 0 50 theme thermal 54:60 arg1 films 16:20 Xylan-cellulose films 0:20 Xylan-cellulose films 0:20 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 7 51 theme films 795:799 arg1 behavior 771:778 the thermal behavior 759:778 the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 759:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 8 52 theme ∼ 1036:1036 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 52 theme ∼ 1036:1036 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 4 53 theme hydrophobic 454:464 arg1 films 466:470 hydrophobic films 454:470 hydrophobic films 454:470 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 8 54 dep films 965:969 arg1 44.1MPa 1011:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 54 dep films 965:969 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 54 dep films 965:969 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 55 theme break 1030:1034 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 55 theme break 1030:1034 arg1 % 1041:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 strain at break ∼ 5.7% 1020:1041 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 2 56 theme different 222:230 arg1 percentages 232:242 different percentages 222:242 different percentages 222:242 Commercial cellulose was used as reinforcement in different percentages to improve properties of the films. 25129716 8 57 theme ∼ 1165:1165 arg1 % 1170:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 strain at break ∼ 5.3% 1149:1170 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 57 theme ∼ 1165:1165 arg1 MPa 1124:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa 1104:1126 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 6 58 theme Thermal 659:665 arg1 properties 682:691 Thermal and mechanical properties 659:691 Thermal and mechanical properties of films 659:700 Thermal and mechanical properties of films were analyzed. 25129716 3 59 theme composites 293:302 arg1 types 284:288 Two types 280:288 Two types of composites 280:302 Two types of composites were elaborated by solvent casting. 25129716 2 60 theme films 273:277 arg1 properties 255:264 properties 255:264 properties of the films 255:277 Commercial cellulose was used as reinforcement in different percentages to improve properties of the films. 25129716 5 61 theme substitution 562:573 arg1 degree 552:557 The degree 548:557 The degree of substitution of BAH 548:580 The degree of substitution of BAH was 1.8 and acetylated cellulose presented a degree of substitution of 0.54. 25129716 5 61 theme substitution 562:573 arg1 1.8 586:588 1.8 586:588 1.8 586:588 The degree of substitution of BAH was 1.8 and acetylated cellulose presented a degree of substitution of 0.54. 25129716 5 62 theme BAH 578:580 arg1 substitution 562:573 substitution 562:573 substitution of BAH 562:580 The degree of substitution of BAH was 1.8 and acetylated cellulose presented a degree of substitution of 0.54. 25129716 7 63 theme hydrophobic 783:793 arg1 °C 813:814 Tmax ∼ 368 °C 802:814 Tmax ∼ 368 °C 802:814 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 63 theme hydrophobic 783:793 arg1 films 795:799 hydrophobic films 783:799 hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 783:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 64 theme thermal 763:769 arg1 behavior 771:778 the thermal behavior 759:778 the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 759:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 2 65 used used 197:200 arg2 reinforcement 205:217 reinforcement 205:217 reinforcement 205:217 Commercial cellulose was used as reinforcement in different percentages to improve properties of the films. 25129716 2 65 used used 197:200 arg2 cellulose 183:191 Commercial cellulose 172:191 Commercial cellulose 172:191 Commercial cellulose was used as reinforcement in different percentages to improve properties of the films. 25129716 8 66 theme strength 1000:1007 arg1 44.1MPa 1011:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 strength ∼ 44.1MPa 1000:1017 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 8 66 theme strength 1000:1007 arg1 MPa 995:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa 972:997 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 0 67 dep films 16:20 arg1 improvement 23:33 improvement 23:33 improvement of hydrophobicity 23:51 Xylan-cellulose films: improvement of hydrophobicity, thermal and mechanical properties. 25129716 8 68 theme type 938:941 arg1 properties 919:928 the properties 915:928 the properties of both type of films 915:950 Although the addition of cellulose clearly increase the properties of both type of films, hydrophobic films (Young's modulus ∼ 2300 MPa, strength ∼ 44.1MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.7%) showed better mechanical properties than hydrophilic films (Young's modulus ∼ 3 MPa, strength ∼ 3.3 MPa, strain at break ∼ 5.3%). 25129716 7 69 located observed 747:754 arg1 behavior 771:778 the thermal behavior 759:778 the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C) 759:860 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 7 69 located observed 747:754 arg2 improvement 731:741 A significant improvement 717:741 A significant improvement 717:741 A significant improvement was observed in the thermal behavior of hydrophobic films (Tmax ∼ 368 °C) respect to hydrophilic films (Tmax ∼ 300 °C). 25129716 4 70 theme Hydrophilic 340:350 arg1 films 352:356 Hydrophilic films 340:356 Hydrophilic films 340:356 Hydrophilic films, composed by bleached hemicellulose (BH), unmodified cellulose and glycerol as plasticizer, and hydrophobic films formed by acetylated bleached hemicellulose (BAH) and acetylated cellulose. 25129716 1 71 theme new 146:148 arg1 elaboration 159:169 new material elaboration 146:169 new material elaboration 146:169 Xylan-rich hemicellulose from corn cob has been used for new material elaboration. 27637449 9 0 contain possessed 1364:1372 arg1 CDP-C 1358:1362 CDP-C 1358:1362 CDP-C 1358:1362 These findings indicated that CDP-C possessed hepatoprotective activity against chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol. 27637449 9 0 contain possessed 1364:1372 arg2 activity 1391:1398 hepatoprotective activity 1374:1398 hepatoprotective activity 1374:1398 These findings indicated that CDP-C possessed hepatoprotective activity against chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol. 27637449 7 1 dep indexes 964:970 arg1 triglyceride 1043:1054 triglyceride 1043:1054 triglyceride 1043:1054 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 1 dep indexes 964:970 arg1 indexes 964:970 serological indexes 952:970 serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) 952:1055 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 1 dep indexes 964:970 arg1 transaminase 981:992 alanine transaminase 973:992 alanine transaminase 973:992 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 1 dep indexes 964:970 arg1 phosphatase 1000:1010 acid phosphatase 995:1010 acid phosphatase 995:1010 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 1 dep indexes 964:970 arg1 transpeptidase 1024:1037 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1013:1037 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1013:1037 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 8 2 theme mild 1225:1228 arg1 necrosis 1230:1237 mild necrosis 1225:1237 mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals 1225:1280 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 9 3 theme chronic 1408:1414 arg1 injury 1424:1429 chronic hepatic injury 1408:1429 chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol 1408:1448 These findings indicated that CDP-C possessed hepatoprotective activity against chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol. 27637449 1 4 from activity 199:206 arg1 CDPs 255:258 CDPs 255:258 CDPs 255:258 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 4 from activity 199:206 arg1 deserticola 242:252 deserticola 242:252 deserticola 242:252 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 8 5 from necrosis 1230:1237 arg1 histopathology 1250:1263 hepatic histopathology 1242:1263 hepatic histopathology of model animals 1242:1280 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 5 6 theme CDP-C 783:787 arg1 activity 771:778 hepatoprotective activity 754:778 hepatoprotective activity of CDP-C 754:787 Thus, hepatoprotective activity of CDP-C was studied further. 27637449 7 7 theme acid 995:998 arg1 indexes 964:970 serological indexes 952:970 serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) 952:1055 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 7 theme acid 995:998 arg1 phosphatase 1000:1010 acid phosphatase 995:1010 acid phosphatase 995:1010 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 6 8 theme cells 863:867 arg1 viability 844:852 viability 844:852 viability of HepG2 cells 844:867 In vitro research, CDP-C promoted viability of HepG2 cells. 27637449 3 9 theme acid 603:606 arg1 proportion 576:585 higher proportion 569:585 higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) 569:614 Results showed that CDP-C contained higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) than CDP-B and CDP-A. 27637449 4 10 theme Antioxidant 638:648 arg1 activities 650:659 Antioxidant activities 638:659 Antioxidant activities 638:659 Antioxidant activities were also analyzed and the results revealed that CDP-C possessed the highest activity. 27637449 7 11 theme superoxide 1081:1090 arg1 indicators 1069:1078 hepatic indicators 1061:1078 hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) 1061:1162 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 11 theme superoxide 1081:1090 arg1 dismutase 1092:1100 superoxide dismutase 1081:1100 superoxide dismutase 1081:1100 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 6 12 theme HepG2 857:861 arg1 cells 863:867 HepG2 cells 857:867 HepG2 cells 857:867 In vitro research, CDP-C promoted viability of HepG2 cells. 27637449 1 13 dep filtration 357:366 arg1 nanofiltration 406:419 nanofiltration 406:419 nanofiltration 406:419 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 13 dep filtration 357:366 arg1 ultrafiltration 386:400 ultrafiltration 386:400 ultrafiltration 386:400 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 13 dep filtration 357:366 arg1 microfiltration 369:383 microfiltration 369:383 microfiltration 369:383 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 7 14 theme model 1167:1171 arg1 animals 1173:1179 model animals 1167:1179 model animals 1167:1179 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 15 dep indicators 1069:1078 arg1 malondialdehyde 1103:1117 malondialdehyde 1103:1117 malondialdehyde 1103:1117 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 15 dep indicators 1069:1078 arg1 S-transferase 1132:1144 glutathione S-transferase 1120:1144 glutathione S-transferase 1120:1144 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 15 dep indicators 1069:1078 arg1 dismutase 1092:1100 superoxide dismutase 1081:1100 superoxide dismutase 1081:1100 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 15 dep indicators 1069:1078 arg1 indicators 1069:1078 hepatic indicators 1061:1078 hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) 1061:1162 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 15 dep indicators 1069:1078 arg1 triglyceride 1150:1161 triglyceride 1150:1161 triglyceride 1150:1161 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 1 16 theme polysaccharides 211:225 arg1 antioxidant 166:176 antioxidant 166:176 antioxidant 166:176 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 16 theme polysaccharides 211:225 arg1 activity 199:206 hepatoprotective activity 182:206 hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs) 182:259 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 16 theme polysaccharides 211:225 arg1 characterizations 147:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 9 17 theme hepatic 1416:1422 arg1 injury 1424:1429 chronic hepatic injury 1408:1429 chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol 1408:1448 These findings indicated that CDP-C possessed hepatoprotective activity against chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol. 27637449 10 18 theme TG 1531:1532 arg1 contents 1511:1518 the contents 1507:1518 the contents of MDA and TG 1507:1532 The underlying mechanism might be that CDP-C can reduce the contents of MDA and TG, and modulate the activities of the relative enzyme. 27637449 3 19 theme galacturonic 590:601 arg1 acid 603:606 galacturonic acid 590:606 galacturonic acid (GalUA) 590:614 Results showed that CDP-C contained higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) than CDP-B and CDP-A. 27637449 3 19 theme galacturonic 590:601 arg1 GalUA 609:613 GalUA 609:613 GalUA 609:613 Results showed that CDP-C contained higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) than CDP-B and CDP-A. 27637449 8 20 theme animals 1274:1280 arg1 histopathology 1250:1263 hepatic histopathology 1242:1263 hepatic histopathology of model animals 1242:1280 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 1 21 from antioxidant 166:176 arg1 CDPs 255:258 CDPs 255:258 CDPs 255:258 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 21 from antioxidant 166:176 arg1 deserticola 242:252 deserticola 242:252 deserticola 242:252 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 0 22 theme Preliminary 0:10 arg1 characterizations 12:28 Preliminary characterizations 0:28 Preliminary characterizations 0:28 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 7 23 theme alanine 973:979 arg1 indexes 964:970 serological indexes 952:970 serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) 952:1055 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 23 theme alanine 973:979 arg1 transaminase 981:992 alanine transaminase 973:992 alanine transaminase 973:992 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 10 24 theme relative 1570:1577 arg1 enzyme 1579:1584 the relative enzyme 1566:1584 the relative enzyme 1566:1584 The underlying mechanism might be that CDP-C can reduce the contents of MDA and TG, and modulate the activities of the relative enzyme. 27637449 2 25 theme Molecular 423:431 arg1 weights 433:439 Molecular weights 423:439 Molecular weights 423:439 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 10 26 theme MDA 1523:1525 arg1 contents 1511:1518 the contents 1507:1518 the contents of MDA and TG 1507:1532 The underlying mechanism might be that CDP-C can reduce the contents of MDA and TG, and modulate the activities of the relative enzyme. 27637449 7 27 theme γ-glutamyl 1013:1022 arg1 indexes 964:970 serological indexes 952:970 serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) 952:1055 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 27 theme γ-glutamyl 1013:1022 arg1 transpeptidase 1024:1037 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1013:1037 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1013:1037 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 5 28 theme hepatoprotective 754:769 arg1 activity 771:778 hepatoprotective activity 754:778 hepatoprotective activity of CDP-C 754:787 Thus, hepatoprotective activity of CDP-C was studied further. 27637449 0 29 from deserticola 106:116 arg1 antioxidant 31:41 antioxidant 31:41 antioxidant 31:41 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 0 29 from deserticola 106:116 arg1 activity 64:71 hepatoprotective activity 47:71 hepatoprotective activity 47:71 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 0 29 from deserticola 106:116 arg1 characterizations 12:28 Preliminary characterizations 0:28 Preliminary characterizations 0:28 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 0 30 theme hepatoprotective 47:62 arg1 activity 64:71 hepatoprotective activity 47:71 hepatoprotective activity 47:71 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 7 31 theme glutathione 1120:1130 arg1 S-transferase 1132:1144 glutathione S-transferase 1120:1144 glutathione S-transferase 1120:1144 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 31 theme glutathione 1120:1130 arg1 indicators 1069:1078 hepatic indicators 1061:1078 hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) 1061:1162 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 32 theme vivo 873:876 arg1 research 878:885 vivo research 873:885 vivo research 873:885 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 2 33 theme monosaccharide 442:455 arg1 compositions 457:468 monosaccharide compositions 442:468 monosaccharide compositions 442:468 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 10 34 theme enzyme 1579:1584 arg1 activities 1552:1561 the activities 1548:1561 the activities of the relative enzyme 1548:1584 The underlying mechanism might be that CDP-C can reduce the contents of MDA and TG, and modulate the activities of the relative enzyme. 27637449 2 35 theme fractions 508:516 arg1 IR 484:485 IR 484:485 IR 484:485 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 2 35 theme fractions 508:516 arg1 purities 471:478 purities 471:478 purities 471:478 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 2 35 theme fractions 508:516 arg1 weights 433:439 Molecular weights 423:439 Molecular weights 423:439 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 2 35 theme fractions 508:516 arg1 compositions 457:468 monosaccharide compositions 442:468 monosaccharide compositions 442:468 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 1 36 theme successively 335:346 arg1 filtration 357:366 successively membrane filtration 335:366 successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) 335:420 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 8 37 from steatosis 1211:1219 arg1 histopathology 1250:1263 hepatic histopathology 1242:1263 hepatic histopathology of model animals 1242:1280 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 10 38 theme underlying 1455:1464 arg1 mechanism 1466:1474 The underlying mechanism 1451:1474 The underlying mechanism 1451:1474 The underlying mechanism might be that CDP-C can reduce the contents of MDA and TG, and modulate the activities of the relative enzyme. 27637449 6 39 theme vitro 813:817 arg1 research 819:826 vitro research 813:826 vitro research 813:826 In vitro research, CDP-C promoted viability of HepG2 cells. 27637449 1 40 theme preliminary 135:145 arg1 antioxidant 166:176 antioxidant 166:176 antioxidant 166:176 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 40 theme preliminary 135:145 arg1 activity 199:206 hepatoprotective activity 182:206 hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs) 182:259 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 40 theme preliminary 135:145 arg1 characterizations 147:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 8 41 theme CDP-C 1306:1310 arg1 administration 1312:1325 CDP-C administration 1306:1325 CDP-C administration 1306:1325 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 1 42 theme membrane 348:355 arg1 filtration 357:366 successively membrane filtration 335:366 successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration) 335:420 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 4 43 contain possessed 716:724 arg1 CDP-C 710:714 CDP-C 710:714 CDP-C 710:714 Antioxidant activities were also analyzed and the results revealed that CDP-C possessed the highest activity. 27637449 4 43 contain possessed 716:724 arg2 activity 738:745 the highest activity 726:745 the highest activity 726:745 Antioxidant activities were also analyzed and the results revealed that CDP-C possessed the highest activity. 27637449 7 44 theme hepatic 1061:1067 arg1 malondialdehyde 1103:1117 malondialdehyde 1103:1117 malondialdehyde 1103:1117 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 44 theme hepatic 1061:1067 arg1 indicators 1069:1078 hepatic indicators 1061:1078 hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) 1061:1162 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 44 theme hepatic 1061:1067 arg1 dismutase 1092:1100 superoxide dismutase 1081:1100 superoxide dismutase 1081:1100 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 44 theme hepatic 1061:1067 arg1 triglyceride 1150:1161 triglyceride 1150:1161 triglyceride 1150:1161 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 44 theme hepatic 1061:1067 arg1 S-transferase 1132:1144 glutathione S-transferase 1120:1144 glutathione S-transferase 1120:1144 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 8 45 theme microvesicular 1196:1209 arg1 steatosis 1211:1219 The prominent microvesicular steatosis 1182:1219 The prominent microvesicular steatosis 1182:1219 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 2 46 dep weights 433:439 arg1 spectra 487:493 spectra 487:493 spectra 487:493 Molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, purities and IR spectra of the three fractions were analyzed. 27637449 8 47 theme hepatic 1242:1248 arg1 histopathology 1250:1263 hepatic histopathology 1242:1263 hepatic histopathology of model animals 1242:1280 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 8 48 theme prominent 1186:1194 arg1 steatosis 1211:1219 The prominent microvesicular steatosis 1182:1219 The prominent microvesicular steatosis 1182:1219 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 8 49 theme model 1268:1272 arg1 animals 1274:1280 model animals 1268:1280 model animals 1268:1280 The prominent microvesicular steatosis and mild necrosis in hepatic histopathology of model animals were also attenuated by CDP-C administration. 27637449 4 50 theme highest 730:736 arg1 activity 738:745 the highest activity 726:745 the highest activity 726:745 Antioxidant activities were also analyzed and the results revealed that CDP-C possessed the highest activity. 27637449 1 51 theme polysaccharide 268:281 arg1 fractions 283:291 three polysaccharide fractions 262:291 three polysaccharide fractions 262:291 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 51 theme polysaccharide 268:281 arg1 CDP-C 311:315 CDP-C 311:315 CDP-C 311:315 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 51 theme polysaccharide 268:281 arg1 CDP-B 301:305 CDP-B 301:305 CDP-B 301:305 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 51 theme polysaccharide 268:281 arg1 CDP-A 294:298 CDP-A 294:298 CDP-A 294:298 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 9 52 theme hepatoprotective 1374:1389 arg1 activity 1391:1398 hepatoprotective activity 1374:1398 hepatoprotective activity 1374:1398 These findings indicated that CDP-C possessed hepatoprotective activity against chronic hepatic injury induced by alcohol. 27637449 1 53 from deserticola 242:252 arg1 polysaccharides 211:225 polysaccharides 211:225 polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs) 211:259 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 53 from deserticola 242:252 arg1 antioxidant 166:176 antioxidant 166:176 antioxidant 166:176 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 53 from deserticola 242:252 arg1 activity 199:206 hepatoprotective activity 182:206 hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs) 182:259 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 53 from deserticola 242:252 arg1 characterizations 147:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 3 54 theme higher 569:574 arg1 proportion 576:585 higher proportion 569:585 higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) 569:614 Results showed that CDP-C contained higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) than CDP-B and CDP-A. 27637449 7 55 theme serological 952:962 arg1 triglyceride 1043:1054 triglyceride 1043:1054 triglyceride 1043:1054 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 55 theme serological 952:962 arg1 indexes 964:970 serological indexes 952:970 serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) 952:1055 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 55 theme serological 952:962 arg1 transaminase 981:992 alanine transaminase 973:992 alanine transaminase 973:992 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 55 theme serological 952:962 arg1 phosphatase 1000:1010 acid phosphatase 995:1010 acid phosphatase 995:1010 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 7 55 theme serological 952:962 arg1 transpeptidase 1024:1037 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1013:1037 γ-glutamyl transpeptidase 1013:1037 In vivo research, CDP-C ameliorated the alterations induced by alcohol, including serological indexes (alanine transaminase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and triglyceride) and hepatic indicators (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase and triglyceride) in model animals. 27637449 0 56 theme polysaccharide 76:89 arg1 antioxidant 31:41 antioxidant 31:41 antioxidant 31:41 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 0 56 theme polysaccharide 76:89 arg1 activity 64:71 hepatoprotective activity 47:71 hepatoprotective activity 47:71 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 0 56 theme polysaccharide 76:89 arg1 characterizations 12:28 Preliminary characterizations 0:28 Preliminary characterizations 0:28 Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. 27637449 3 57 contain contained 559:567 arg2 proportion 576:585 higher proportion 569:585 higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) 569:614 Results showed that CDP-C contained higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) than CDP-B and CDP-A. 27637449 3 57 contain contained 559:567 arg1 CDP-C 553:557 CDP-C 553:557 CDP-C 553:557 Results showed that CDP-C contained higher proportion of galacturonic acid (GalUA) than CDP-B and CDP-A. 27637449 1 58 theme hepatoprotective 182:197 arg1 activity 199:206 hepatoprotective activity 182:206 hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs) 182:259 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 27637449 1 58 theme hepatoprotective 182:197 arg1 characterizations 147:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 the preliminary characterizations 131:163 To research the preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola (CDPs), three polysaccharide fractions, CDP-A, CDP-B and CDP-C, were obtained by successively membrane filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration). 26212982 5 0 theme enological 642:651 arg1 analysis 653:660 enological analysis 642:660 enological analysis 642:660 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 6 1 theme bovine 805:810 arg1 BSA 827:829 BSA 827:829 BSA 827:829 Astringency intensity was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.825) with tannin precipitation by bovine serum albumin (BSA). 26212982 6 1 theme bovine 805:810 arg1 albumin 818:824 bovine serum albumin 805:824 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 805:830 Astringency intensity was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.825) with tannin precipitation by bovine serum albumin (BSA). 26212982 3 2 theme wine 369:372 arg1 composition 374:384 wine composition 369:384 wine composition 369:384 Our goal was to propose a faster method and investigate the links between wine composition and astringency. 26212982 4 3 theme wide 424:427 arg1 range 429:433 a wide range 422:433 a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, 422:491 Red wines covering a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, were selected. 26212982 7 4 theme Wine 833:836 arg1 absorbances 838:848 Wine absorbances 833:848 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) 833:865 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 0 5 theme astringency 115:125 arg1 prediction 96:105 prediction 96:105 prediction of wine astringency 96:125 Models based on ultraviolet spectroscopy, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides for prediction of wine astringency. 26212982 6 6 theme tannin 781:786 arg1 precipitation 788:800 tannin precipitation 781:800 tannin precipitation 781:800 Astringency intensity was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.825) with tannin precipitation by bovine serum albumin (BSA). 26212982 7 7 from nm 857:858 arg1 absorbances 838:848 Wine absorbances 833:848 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) 833:865 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 5 8 theme Prediction 508:517 arg1 models 519:524 Prediction models 508:524 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) 508:566 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 0 9 theme wine 110:113 arg1 astringency 115:125 wine astringency 110:125 wine astringency 110:125 Models based on ultraviolet spectroscopy, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides for prediction of wine astringency. 26212982 5 10 theme chemical 623:630 arg1 analysis 632:639 chemical analysis 623:639 chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides) 623:712 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 7 11 theme astringency 892:902 arg1 0.705 923:927 0.705 923:927 0.705 923:927 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 7 11 theme astringency 892:902 arg1 prediction 904:913 astringency prediction 892:913 astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) 892:928 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 8 12 theme high 1111:1114 arg1 2 1118:1118 2 1118:1118 2 1118:1118 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 8 12 theme high 1111:1114 arg1 R 1116:1116 high R 1111:1116 high R(2) 1111:1119 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 8 13 theme built 1047:1051 arg1 models 1040:1045 Three variable models 1025:1045 Three variable models built with A230 1025:1061 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 8 14 theme variable 1031:1038 arg1 models 1040:1045 Three variable models 1025:1045 Three variable models built with A230 1025:1061 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 4 15 theme astringency 438:448 arg1 intensities 450:460 astringency intensities 438:460 astringency intensities 438:460 Red wines covering a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, were selected. 26212982 4 16 theme Red 403:405 arg1 wines 407:411 Red wines 403:411 Red wines covering a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, 403:491 Red wines covering a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, were selected. 26212982 0 17 theme ultraviolet 16:26 arg1 spectroscopy 28:39 ultraviolet spectroscopy 16:39 ultraviolet spectroscopy 16:39 Models based on ultraviolet spectroscopy, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides for prediction of wine astringency. 26212982 5 18 theme UV 585:586 arg1 spectrophotometry 588:604 UV spectrophotometry 585:604 UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) 585:617 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 18 theme UV 585:586 arg1 nm 615:616 190-400 nm 607:616 190-400 nm 607:616 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 19 dep analysis 653:660 arg1 polysaccharides 697:711 polysaccharides 697:711 polysaccharides 697:711 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 19 dep analysis 653:660 arg1 oligosaccharides 676:691 oligosaccharides 676:691 oligosaccharides 676:691 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 19 dep analysis 653:660 arg1 polyphenols 663:673 polyphenols 663:673 polyphenols 663:673 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 7 20 theme tannin 957:962 arg1 concentration 964:976 tannin concentration 957:976 tannin concentration 957:976 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 2 21 theme Alternative 192:202 arg1 methods 204:210 Alternative methods 192:210 Alternative methods involving tannin precipitation 192:241 Alternative methods involving tannin precipitation have been proposed, but they remain time-consuming. 26212982 5 22 dep analysis 632:639 arg1 analysis 653:660 enological analysis 642:660 enological analysis 642:660 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 6 23 theme Astringency 715:725 arg1 intensity 727:735 Astringency intensity 715:735 Astringency intensity 715:735 Astringency intensity was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.825) with tannin precipitation by bovine serum albumin (BSA). 26212982 7 24 dep A280 935:938 arg1 = 946:946 = 946:946 = 946:946 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 4 25 theme sensory 475:481 arg1 analysis 483:490 sensory analysis 475:490 sensory analysis 475:490 Red wines covering a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, were selected. 26212982 7 26 dep = 946:946 arg1 0.56 948:951 0.56 948:951 0.56 948:951 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 9 27 theme astringency 1210:1220 arg1 perception 1222:1231 astringency perception 1210:1231 astringency perception 1210:1231 These models confirmed that polysaccharides decrease astringency perception and indicated a positive relationship between oligosaccharides and astringency. 26212982 8 28 theme cross-validation 1139:1154 arg1 2 1118:1118 2 1118:1118 2 1118:1118 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 8 28 theme cross-validation 1139:1154 arg1 R 1116:1116 high R 1111:1116 high R(2) 1111:1119 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 8 28 theme cross-validation 1139:1154 arg1 errors 1129:1134 low errors 1125:1134 low errors of cross-validation 1125:1154 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 7 29 dep phloroglucinolysis 991:1008 arg1 = 1016:1016 = 1016:1016 = 1016:1016 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 9 30 theme positive 1249:1256 arg1 relationship 1258:1269 a positive relationship 1247:1269 a positive relationship between oligosaccharides and astringency 1247:1310 These models confirmed that polysaccharides decrease astringency perception and indicated a positive relationship between oligosaccharides and astringency. 26212982 3 31 theme faster 321:326 arg1 method 328:333 a faster method 319:333 a faster method 319:333 Our goal was to propose a faster method and investigate the links between wine composition and astringency. 26212982 7 32 dep = 1016:1016 arg1 0.59 1018:1021 0.59 1018:1021 0.59 1018:1021 Wine absorbances at 230 nm (A230) proved more suitable for astringency prediction (R(2) = 0.705) than A280 (R(2) = 0.56) or tannin concentration estimated by phloroglucinolysis (R(2) = 0.59). 26212982 2 33 theme tannin 222:227 arg1 precipitation 229:241 tannin precipitation 222:241 tannin precipitation 222:241 Alternative methods involving tannin precipitation have been proposed, but they remain time-consuming. 26212982 8 34 with built 1047:1051 arg1 A230 1058:1061 A230 1058:1061 A230 1058:1061 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 8 35 theme low 1125:1127 arg1 errors 1129:1134 low errors 1125:1134 low errors of cross-validation 1125:1154 Three variable models built with A230, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides presented high R(2) and low errors of cross-validation. 26212982 4 36 theme intensities 450:460 arg1 range 429:433 a wide range 422:433 a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, 422:491 Red wines covering a wide range of astringency intensities, assessed by sensory analysis, were selected. 26212982 6 37 theme serum 812:816 arg1 BSA 827:829 BSA 827:829 BSA 827:829 Astringency intensity was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.825) with tannin precipitation by bovine serum albumin (BSA). 26212982 6 37 theme serum 812:816 arg1 albumin 818:824 bovine serum albumin 805:824 bovine serum albumin (BSA) 805:830 Astringency intensity was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.825) with tannin precipitation by bovine serum albumin (BSA). 26212982 5 38 theme multiple 535:542 arg1 MLR 563:565 MLR 563:565 MLR 563:565 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 38 theme multiple 535:542 arg1 regression 551:560 multiple linear regression 535:560 multiple linear regression (MLR) 535:566 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 39 theme linear 544:549 arg1 MLR 563:565 MLR 563:565 MLR 563:565 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 26212982 5 39 theme linear 544:549 arg1 regression 551:560 multiple linear regression 535:560 multiple linear regression (MLR) 535:566 Prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) were built using UV spectrophotometry (190-400 nm) and chemical analysis (enological analysis, polyphenols, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides). 28683274 14 0 theme low-molecular 1890:1902 arg1 heparin 1909:1915 the standard low-molecular mass heparin 1877:1915 the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin) 1877:1928 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 14 0 theme low-molecular 1890:1902 arg1 enoxaparin 1918:1927 enoxaparin 1918:1927 enoxaparin 1918:1927 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 10 1 theme residues 1412:1419 arg1 core 1354:1357 a linear core 1345:1357 a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1345:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 10 2 contain having 1338:1343 arg1 polysaccharide 1299:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 10 2 contain having 1338:1343 arg2 core 1354:1357 a linear core 1345:1357 a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1345:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 10 2 contain having 1338:1343 arg1 galactan 1329:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan 1317:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1317:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 8 3 link 4-linked 1052:1059 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 1061:1069 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 1052:1069 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 1052:1069 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 8 4 theme residues 1071:1078 arg1 core 1010:1013 a core 1008:1013 a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1008:1078 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 11 5 contain bear 1433:1436 arg2 chain 1465:1469 a short chain 1457:1469 a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc 1457:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 11 5 contain bear 1433:1436 arg1 latter 1426:1431 latter 1426:1431 latter 1426:1431 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 11 5 contain bear 1433:1436 arg2 β-d-Xylp 1445:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 10 6 theme β-d-Gal 1404:1410 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 7 7 theme different 949:957 arg1 polysaccharides 959:973 three structurally different polysaccharides 930:973 three structurally different polysaccharides 930:973 They were characterized by methylation and NMR spectral data, and three structurally different polysaccharides were identified. 28683274 13 8 theme cytotoxic 1672:1680 arg1 activities 1697:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 11 9 theme short 1459:1463 arg1 chain 1465:1469 a short chain 1457:1469 a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc 1457:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 13 10 theme FSA 1645:1647 arg1 Fractions 1632:1640 Fractions 1632:1640 Fractions of FSA 1632:1647 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 11 11 theme linked 1524:1529 arg1 α-l-Fuc 1531:1537 variously linked α-l-Fuc 1514:1537 variously linked α-l-Fuc 1514:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 8 12 theme 2-linked 1030:1037 arg1 α-d-Manp 1039:1046 2-linked α-d-Manp 1030:1046 2-linked α-d-Manp 1030:1046 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 9 13 theme second 1163:1168 arg1 polymer 1170:1176 The second polymer 1159:1176 The second polymer 1159:1176 The second polymer is a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4. 28683274 9 13 theme second 1163:1168 arg1 -β-d-glucopyranuronan 1190:1210 a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan 1181:1210 a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4 1181:1286 The second polymer is a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4. 28683274 11 14 link 6-linked 1492:1499 arg1 β-d-Gal 1501:1507 6-linked β-d-Gal 1492:1507 6-linked β-d-Gal 1492:1507 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 1 15 attach isolated 137:144 arg1 aquifolium 176:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 151:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam 151:230 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 1 15 attach isolated 137:144 arg2 preparation 111:121 A fucoidan preparation 100:121 A fucoidan preparation named FSA 100:131 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 8 16 theme alternating 1018:1028 arg1 residues 1071:1078 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1030:1078 alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1018:1078 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 6 17 theme anion-exchange 777:790 arg1 chromatography 792:805 anion-exchange chromatography 777:805 anion-exchange chromatography 777:805 In addition, desulfated 1.0 M was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography into six fractions according to the uronic acid content. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 d-xylose 286:293 d-xylose 286:293 d-xylose 286:293 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 d-mannose 256:264 d-mannose 256:264 d-mannose 256:264 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 constituents 334:345 the main constituents 325:345 the main constituents of FSA 325:352 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 sulfate 300:306 sulfate 300:306 sulfate 300:306 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 acid 280:283 d-glucuronic acid 267:283 d-glucuronic acid 267:283 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 18 theme d-glucuronic 267:278 arg1 d-galactose 243:253 d-galactose 243:253 d-galactose 243:253 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 5 19 dep Fractions 642:650 arg1 Fractions 642:650 Fractions 1.0 M and 1.5 M 642:666 Fractions 1.0 M and 1.5 M 642:666 Fractions 1.0 M and 1.5 M were analyzed by methylation before and after desulfation. 28683274 5 19 dep Fractions 642:650 arg1 1.5 M 662:666 1.5 M 662:666 1.5 M 662:666 Fractions 1.0 M and 1.5 M were analyzed by methylation before and after desulfation. 28683274 5 19 dep Fractions 642:650 arg1 1.0 M 652:656 1.0 M 652:656 1.0 M 652:656 Fractions 1.0 M and 1.5 M were analyzed by methylation before and after desulfation. 28683274 11 20 theme 4-linked 1474:1481 arg1 β-d-Xyl 1483:1489 4-linked β-d-Xyl 1474:1489 4-linked β-d-Xyl 1474:1489 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 3 21 theme anion-exchange 391:404 arg1 chromatography 406:419 anion-exchange chromatography 391:419 anion-exchange chromatography 391:419 The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel eluted stepwise with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl to give four fractions differing in monosaccharide composition and degree of sulfation. 28683274 1 22 theme brown 155:159 arg1 aquifolium 176:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 151:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam 151:230 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 10 23 link 4-linked 1374:1381 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 8 24 theme α-d-Manp 1039:1046 arg1 residues 1071:1078 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1030:1078 alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1018:1078 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 8 25 theme them 999:1002 arg1 them 999:1002 them 999:1002 them 999:1002 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 8 25 theme them 999:1002 arg1 One 992:994 One 992:994 One 992:994 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 12 26 theme regularity 1620:1629 arg1 devoid 1610:1615 devoid 1610:1615 devoid 1610:1615 In FSA, these polysaccharides are sulfated at different positions and devoid of regularity. 28683274 1 27 theme alga 161:164 arg1 aquifolium 176:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 151:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam 151:230 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 10 28 theme α-d-Gal 1383:1389 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 8 29 theme β-d-GlcpA 1061:1069 arg1 residues 1071:1078 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1030:1078 alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1018:1078 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 10 30 theme 4-linked 1374:1381 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 3 31 theme monosaccharide 525:538 arg1 composition 540:550 monosaccharide composition 525:550 monosaccharide composition 525:550 The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel eluted stepwise with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl to give four fractions differing in monosaccharide composition and degree of sulfation. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 d-xylose 286:293 d-xylose 286:293 d-xylose 286:293 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 d-mannose 256:264 d-mannose 256:264 d-mannose 256:264 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 constituents 334:345 the main constituents 325:345 the main constituents of FSA 325:352 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 sulfate 300:306 sulfate 300:306 sulfate 300:306 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 acid 280:283 d-glucuronic acid 267:283 d-glucuronic acid 267:283 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 32 theme FSA 350:352 arg1 d-galactose 243:253 d-galactose 243:253 d-galactose 243:253 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 0 33 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 0:98 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 11 34 theme 6-linked 1492:1499 arg1 β-d-Gal 1501:1507 6-linked β-d-Gal 1492:1507 6-linked β-d-Gal 1492:1507 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 8 35 theme 4-linked 1052:1059 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 1061:1069 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 1052:1069 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 1052:1069 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 7 36 theme spectral 911:918 arg1 data 920:923 NMR spectral data 907:923 NMR spectral data 907:923 They were characterized by methylation and NMR spectral data, and three structurally different polysaccharides were identified. 28683274 10 37 theme third 1293:1297 arg1 polysaccharide 1299:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 10 37 theme third 1293:1297 arg1 galactan 1329:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan 1317:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1317:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 13 38 theme anticoagulant 1657:1669 arg1 activities 1697:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 10 39 theme alternating 1362:1372 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 6 40 theme desulfated 740:749 arg1 1.0 M 751:755 desulfated 1.0 M 740:755 desulfated 1.0 M 740:755 In addition, desulfated 1.0 M was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography into six fractions according to the uronic acid content. 28683274 10 41 link 3-linked 1395:1402 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 1 42 theme Sargassum 166:174 arg1 aquifolium 176:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 151:185 the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam 151:230 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 3 43 with stepwise 445:452 arg1 NaCl 484:487 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl 459:487 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl 459:487 The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel eluted stepwise with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl to give four fractions differing in monosaccharide composition and degree of sulfation. 28683274 14 44 theme fraction 1772:1779 arg1 2.0 M 1781:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M 1754:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M 1754:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 0 45 theme brown 43:47 arg1 aquifolium 64:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 28:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae) 28:97 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 0 45 theme brown 43:47 arg1 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 14 46 theme sulfated 1763:1770 arg1 2.0 M 1781:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M 1754:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M 1754:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 6 47 theme acid 850:853 arg1 content 855:861 the uronic acid content 839:861 the uronic acid content 839:861 In addition, desulfated 1.0 M was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography into six fractions according to the uronic acid content. 28683274 12 48 theme different 1586:1594 arg1 positions 1596:1604 different positions 1586:1604 different positions 1586:1604 In FSA, these polysaccharides are sulfated at different positions and devoid of regularity. 28683274 11 49 theme β-d-Gal 1501:1507 arg1 chain 1465:1469 a short chain 1457:1469 a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc 1457:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 11 49 theme β-d-Gal 1501:1507 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1445:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 0 50 theme Vietnamese 32:41 arg1 aquifolium 64:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 28:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae) 28:97 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 0 50 theme Vietnamese 32:41 arg1 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 6 51 theme uronic 843:848 arg1 content 855:861 the uronic acid content 839:861 the uronic acid content 839:861 In addition, desulfated 1.0 M was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography into six fractions according to the uronic acid content. 28683274 3 52 theme sulfation 566:574 arg1 degree 556:561 degree 556:561 degree of sulfation 556:574 The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel eluted stepwise with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl to give four fractions differing in monosaccharide composition and degree of sulfation. 28683274 3 52 theme sulfation 566:574 arg1 composition 540:550 monosaccharide composition 525:550 monosaccharide composition 525:550 The preparation was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel eluted stepwise with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M NaCl to give four fractions differing in monosaccharide composition and degree of sulfation. 28683274 10 53 theme xylo 1319:1322 arg1 polysaccharide 1299:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 10 53 theme xylo 1319:1322 arg1 galactan 1329:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan 1317:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1317:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 1 54 theme coastal 206:212 arg1 waters 214:219 the coastal waters 202:219 the coastal waters of Vietnam 202:230 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 0 55 theme Sargassum 54:62 arg1 aquifolium 64:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 28:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae) 28:97 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 0 55 theme Sargassum 54:62 arg1 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 11 56 link 4-linked 1474:1481 arg1 β-d-Xyl 1483:1489 4-linked β-d-Xyl 1474:1489 4-linked β-d-Xyl 1474:1489 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 13 57 theme sulfation 1743:1751 arg1 degree 1733:1738 the degree 1729:1738 the degree of sulfation 1729:1751 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 1 58 theme fucoidan 102:109 arg1 preparation 111:121 A fucoidan preparation 100:121 A fucoidan preparation named FSA 100:131 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 0 59 theme alga 49:52 arg1 aquifolium 64:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium 28:73 the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae) 28:97 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 0 59 theme alga 49:52 arg1 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sargassaceae 85:96 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 14 60 theme mass 1904:1907 arg1 heparin 1909:1915 the standard low-molecular mass heparin 1877:1915 the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin) 1877:1928 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 14 60 theme mass 1904:1907 arg1 enoxaparin 1918:1927 enoxaparin 1918:1927 enoxaparin 1918:1927 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 11 61 theme α-l-Fuc 1531:1537 arg1 chain 1465:1469 a short chain 1457:1469 a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc 1457:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 11 61 theme α-l-Fuc 1531:1537 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1445:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 10 62 theme 3-linked 1395:1402 arg1 residues 1412:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1362:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 8 63 link 2-linked 1030:1037 arg1 α-d-Manp 1039:1046 2-linked α-d-Manp 1030:1046 2-linked α-d-Manp 1030:1046 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 9 64 theme 1 → 3 1184:1188 arg1 polymer 1170:1176 The second polymer 1159:1176 The second polymer 1159:1176 The second polymer is a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4. 28683274 9 64 theme 1 → 3 1184:1188 arg1 -β-d-glucopyranuronan 1190:1210 a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan 1181:1210 a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4 1181:1286 The second polymer is a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4. 28683274 8 65 theme former 1101:1106 arg1 half 1089:1092 a half 1087:1092 a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3 1087:1156 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 9 66 theme single 1239:1244 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1246:1253 single β-d-Xylp 1239:1253 single β-d-Xylp 1239:1253 The second polymer is a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4. 28683274 11 67 theme β-d-Xyl 1483:1489 arg1 chain 1465:1469 a short chain 1457:1469 a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc 1457:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 11 67 theme β-d-Xyl 1483:1489 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1445:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 10 68 theme linear 1347:1352 arg1 core 1354:1357 a linear core 1345:1357 a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1345:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 13 69 theme antitumor 1687:1695 arg1 activities 1697:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 7 70 theme NMR 907:909 arg1 data 920:923 NMR spectral data 907:923 NMR spectral data 907:923 They were characterized by methylation and NMR spectral data, and three structurally different polysaccharides were identified. 28683274 8 71 contain has 1004:1006 arg2 core 1010:1013 a core 1008:1013 a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues 1008:1078 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 8 71 contain has 1004:1006 arg1 One 992:994 One 992:994 One 992:994 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 8 71 contain has 1004:1006 arg1 them 999:1002 them 999:1002 them 999:1002 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 14 72 contain contains 1792:1799 arg2 fucogalactan 1819:1830 a sulfated fucogalactan 1808:1830 a sulfated fucogalactan 1808:1830 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 14 72 contain contains 1792:1799 arg1 2.0 M 1781:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M 1754:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M 1754:1785 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 14 73 theme standard 1881:1888 arg1 heparin 1909:1915 the standard low-molecular mass heparin 1877:1915 the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin) 1877:1928 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 14 73 theme standard 1881:1888 arg1 enoxaparin 1918:1927 enoxaparin 1918:1927 enoxaparin 1918:1927 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 13 74 contain possess 1649:1655 arg2 activities 1697:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities 1657:1706 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 13 74 contain possess 1649:1655 arg1 Fractions 1632:1640 Fractions 1632:1640 Fractions of FSA 1632:1647 Fractions of FSA possess anticoagulant, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, which increase with the degree of sulfation. 28683274 11 75 theme single 1438:1443 arg1 β-d-Xylp 1445:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 single β-d-Xylp 1438:1452 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 8 76 theme single 1116:1121 arg1 α-l-Fucp 1123:1130 single α-l-Fucp 1116:1130 single α-l-Fucp 1116:1130 One of them has a core of alternating 2-linked α-d-Manp and 4-linked β-d-GlcpA residues, about a half of the former bearing single α-l-Fucp or β-d-Xylp at position 3. 28683274 14 77 theme sulfated 1810:1817 arg1 fucogalactan 1819:1830 a sulfated fucogalactan 1808:1830 a sulfated fucogalactan 1808:1830 The most sulfated fraction 2.0 M that contains mainly a sulfated fucogalactan, is about half as active as anticoagulant as the standard low-molecular mass heparin (enoxaparin). 28683274 1 78 theme Vietnam 224:230 arg1 waters 214:219 the coastal waters 202:219 the coastal waters of Vietnam 202:230 A fucoidan preparation named FSA was isolated from the brown alga Sargassum aquifolium collected from the coastal waters of Vietnam. 28683274 0 79 theme aquifolium 64:73 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 0:98 Sulfated polysaccharides of the Vietnamese brown alga Sargassum aquifolium (Fucales, Sargassaceae). 28683274 9 80 theme single 1258:1263 arg1 α-l-Fucp 1265:1272 single α-l-Fucp 1258:1272 single α-l-Fucp 1258:1272 The second polymer is a (1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranuronan partially substituted with single β-d-Xylp or single α-l-Fucp at position 4. 28683274 11 81 link linked 1524:1529 arg1 α-l-Fuc 1531:1537 variously linked α-l-Fuc 1514:1537 variously linked α-l-Fuc 1514:1537 The latter bear single β-d-Xylp or a short chain of 4-linked β-d-Xyl, 6-linked β-d-Gal, and variously linked α-l-Fuc. 28683274 10 82 theme fuco 1324:1327 arg1 polysaccharide 1299:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide 1289:1312 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 10 82 theme fuco 1324:1327 arg1 galactan 1329:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan 1317:1336 a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues 1317:1419 The third polysaccharide is a xylo(fuco)galactan having a linear core of alternating 4-linked α-d-Gal and 3-linked β-d-Gal residues. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 d-xylose 286:293 d-xylose 286:293 d-xylose 286:293 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 d-mannose 256:264 d-mannose 256:264 d-mannose 256:264 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 constituents 334:345 the main constituents 325:345 the main constituents of FSA 325:352 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 sulfate 300:306 sulfate 300:306 sulfate 300:306 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 acid 280:283 d-glucuronic acid 267:283 d-glucuronic acid 267:283 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose 233:240 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 2 83 theme main 329:332 arg1 d-galactose 243:253 d-galactose 243:253 d-galactose 243:253 l-Fucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, and sulfate were found to be the main constituents of FSA. 28683274 4 84 theme NMR 583:585 arg1 spectra 587:593 Their NMR spectra 577:593 Their NMR spectra 577:593 Their NMR spectra were too complex to be completely interpreted. 26452687 2 0 dep was 174:176 arg1 Lour 344:347 Lour 344:347 Lour 344:347 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 4 1 theme column 446:451 arg1 chromatography 453:466 column chromatography 446:466 column chromatography 446:466 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 6 2 theme CPS 793:795 arg1 radius 783:788 radius 783:788 radius 783:788 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 6 2 theme CPS 793:795 arg1 weight 772:777 the molecular weight 758:777 the molecular weight 758:777 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 7 3 theme conformation 845:856 arg1 analysis 858:865 The chain conformation analysis 835:865 The chain conformation analysis 835:865 The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. 26452687 14 4 theme antioxidant 1892:1902 arg1 ingredient 1904:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient 1883:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries 1883:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 4 theme antioxidant 1892:1902 arg1 component 1837:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 12 5 from characteristics 1518:1532 arg1 album 1638:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 9 6 theme glycosidic 1205:1214 arg1 linkage 1216:1222 glycosidic linkage 1205:1222 glycosidic linkage 1205:1222 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 14 7 theme pharmaceutical 1927:1940 arg1 industries 1942:1951 food and pharmaceutical industries 1918:1951 food and pharmaceutical industries 1918:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 8 8 theme antioxidant 1004:1014 arg1 better 1037:1042 better 1037:1042 better 1037:1042 Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CPS2 was better than that of CPS3, while that of CPS1 was the weakest. 26452687 8 8 theme antioxidant 1004:1014 arg1 activity 1016:1023 the antioxidant activity 1000:1023 the antioxidant activity of CPS2 1000:1031 Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CPS2 was better than that of CPS3, while that of CPS1 was the weakest. 26452687 14 9 theme food 1918:1921 arg1 industries 1942:1951 food and pharmaceutical industries 1918:1951 food and pharmaceutical industries 1918:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 13 10 theme album 1777:1781 arg1 products 1762:1769 the deep-processed products 1743:1769 the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value 1743:1803 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 2 11 theme molecular 240:248 arg1 characteristics 261:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 5 12 theme α- 541:542 arg1 linkages 561:568 α- and β-glycosidic linkages 541:568 α- and β-glycosidic linkages 541:568 CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α- and β-glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β-glycosidic linkages. 26452687 12 13 theme polysaccharide 1599:1612 arg1 fractions 1614:1622 polysaccharide fractions 1599:1622 polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album 1599:1642 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 0 14 from album 79:83 arg1 Characteristics 21:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics 0:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 0:91 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 0 14 from album 79:83 arg1 Fractions 55:63 Polysaccharide Fractions 40:63 Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album 40:83 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 13 15 theme high 1788:1791 arg1 value 1799:1803 high added value 1788:1803 high added value 1788:1803 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 5 16 theme β-glycosidic 548:559 arg1 linkages 561:568 α- and β-glycosidic linkages 541:568 α- and β-glycosidic linkages 541:568 CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α- and β-glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β-glycosidic linkages. 26452687 14 17 theme valued 1885:1890 arg1 ingredient 1904:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient 1883:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries 1883:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 17 theme valued 1885:1890 arg1 component 1837:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 6 18 theme SEC-MALLS-RI 665:676 arg1 system 678:683 the SEC-MALLS-RI system 661:683 the SEC-MALLS-RI system 661:683 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 12 19 dep APPLICATION 1481:1491 arg1 investigated 1655:1666 investigated 1655:1666 were first investigated in this study 1644:1680 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 2 20 theme antioxidant 281:291 arg1 activities 293:302 antioxidant activities 281:302 antioxidant activities 281:302 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 5 21 theme neutral 507:513 arg1 polysaccharides 515:529 neutral polysaccharides 507:529 neutral polysaccharides linked by α- and β-glycosidic linkages 507:568 CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α- and β-glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β-glycosidic linkages. 26452687 6 22 theme molecular 690:698 arg1 weight 700:705 the molecular weight 686:705 the molecular weight of CPS1 686:713 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 6 22 theme molecular 690:698 arg1 greater 719:725 greater 719:725 greater 719:725 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 0 23 from Characteristics 21:35 arg1 album 79:83 Canarium album 70:83 Canarium album 70:83 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 12 24 from relationships 1582:1594 arg1 album 1638:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 7 25 theme globular 960:967 arg1 shape 969:973 a globular shape 958:973 a globular shape in aqueous 958:984 The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. 26452687 12 26 from activities 1547:1556 arg1 album 1638:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 0 27 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 Characteristics 21:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics 0:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 0:91 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 11 28 theme antioxidant 1450:1460 arg1 product 1462:1468 a valued antioxidant product 1441:1468 a valued antioxidant product 1441:1468 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 11 28 theme antioxidant 1450:1460 arg1 it 1416:1417 it 1416:1417 it 1416:1417 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 12 29 theme molecular 1497:1505 arg1 characteristics 1518:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 2 30 from activities 293:302 arg1 album 337:341 Canarium album 328:341 Canarium album 328:341 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 4 31 attach isolated 425:432 arg2 CPS3 414:417 CPS3 414:417 CPS3 414:417 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 31 attach isolated 425:432 arg2 fractions 387:395 Three polysaccharide fractions 366:395 Three polysaccharide fractions 366:395 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 31 attach isolated 425:432 arg2 CPS2 404:407 CPS2 404:407 CPS2 404:407 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 31 attach isolated 425:432 arg1 CPS 439:441 CPS 439:441 CPS 439:441 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 31 attach isolated 425:432 arg2 CPS1 398:401 CPS1 398:401 CPS1 398:401 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 0 32 theme Polysaccharide 40:53 arg1 Fractions 55:63 Polysaccharide Fractions 40:63 Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album 40:83 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 14 33 theme antioxidant 1825:1835 arg1 ingredient 1904:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient 1883:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries 1883:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 33 theme antioxidant 1825:1835 arg1 component 1837:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 33 theme antioxidant 1825:1835 arg1 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 12 34 from album 1638:1642 arg1 activities 1547:1556 antioxidant activities 1535:1556 antioxidant activities 1535:1556 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 12 34 from album 1638:1642 arg1 relationships 1582:1594 structure-function relationships 1563:1594 structure-function relationships 1563:1594 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 12 34 from album 1638:1642 arg1 fractions 1614:1622 polysaccharide fractions 1599:1622 polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album 1599:1642 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 12 34 from album 1638:1642 arg1 characteristics 1518:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 2 35 theme study 168:172 arg1 objective 150:158 UNLABELLED The objective 135:158 UNLABELLED The objective of this study 135:172 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 10 36 theme multiple 1325:1332 arg1 factors 1355:1361 multiple molecular structural factors 1325:1361 multiple molecular structural factors 1325:1361 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 4 37 theme polysaccharide 372:385 arg1 CPS1 398:401 CPS1 398:401 CPS1 398:401 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 37 theme polysaccharide 372:385 arg1 fractions 387:395 Three polysaccharide fractions 366:395 Three polysaccharide fractions 366:395 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 37 theme polysaccharide 372:385 arg1 CPS2 404:407 CPS2 404:407 CPS2 404:407 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 4 37 theme polysaccharide 372:385 arg1 CPS3 414:417 CPS3 414:417 CPS3 414:417 Three polysaccharide fractions, CPS1, CPS2, and CPS3, were isolated from CPS by column chromatography. 26452687 10 38 theme combination 1310:1320 arg1 property 1283:1290 This functional property 1267:1290 This functional property 1267:1290 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 10 38 theme combination 1310:1320 arg1 result 1298:1303 a result 1296:1303 a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors 1296:1361 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 6 39 theme positive 813:820 arg1 correlation 822:832 positive correlation 813:832 positive correlation 813:832 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 0 40 dep Characteristics 21:35 arg1 Lour 86:89 Lour 86:89 Lour 86:89 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 11 41 theme major 1377:1381 arg1 component 1395:1403 the major antioxidant component 1373:1403 the major antioxidant component of CPS 1373:1410 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 11 41 theme major 1377:1381 arg1 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 9 42 theme polysaccharide 1129:1142 arg1 fractions 1144:1152 polysaccharide fractions 1129:1152 polysaccharide fractions 1129:1152 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 7 43 theme typical 896:902 arg1 polysaccharides 920:934 typical highly branched polysaccharides 896:934 typical highly branched polysaccharides 896:934 The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. 26452687 10 44 theme structural 1344:1353 arg1 factors 1355:1361 multiple molecular structural factors 1325:1361 multiple molecular structural factors 1325:1361 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 11 45 theme CPS 1408:1410 arg1 component 1395:1403 the major antioxidant component 1373:1403 the major antioxidant component of CPS 1373:1410 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 11 45 theme CPS 1408:1410 arg1 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 7 46 dep typical 896:902 arg1 branched 911:918 branched 911:918 branched 911:918 The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. 26452687 2 47 theme Canarium 328:335 arg1 album 337:341 Canarium album 328:341 Canarium album 328:341 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 5 48 theme β-glycosidic 625:636 arg1 linkages 638:645 β-glycosidic linkages 625:645 β-glycosidic linkages 625:645 CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α- and β-glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β-glycosidic linkages. 26452687 9 49 theme monosaccharide 1177:1190 arg1 composition 1192:1202 their monosaccharide composition 1171:1202 their monosaccharide composition 1171:1202 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 2 50 theme polysaccharides 307:321 arg1 characteristics 261:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 2 50 theme polysaccharides 307:321 arg1 activities 293:302 antioxidant activities 281:302 antioxidant activities 281:302 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 2 51 dep characteristics 261:275 arg1 the 224:226 the 224:226 the 224:226 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 13 52 theme added 1793:1797 arg1 value 1799:1803 high added value 1788:1803 high added value 1788:1803 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 7 53 theme chain 839:843 arg1 analysis 858:865 The chain conformation analysis 835:865 The chain conformation analysis 835:865 The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. 26452687 6 54 theme molecular 762:770 arg1 weight 772:777 the molecular weight 758:777 the molecular weight 758:777 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 14 55 from ingredient 1904:1913 arg1 industries 1942:1951 food and pharmaceutical industries 1918:1951 food and pharmaceutical industries 1918:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 13 56 theme C. 1774:1775 arg1 album 1777:1781 C. album 1774:1781 C. album with high added value 1774:1803 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 9 57 theme molecular 1225:1233 arg1 weight 1235:1240 molecular weight 1225:1240 molecular weight 1225:1240 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 2 58 theme structural 250:259 arg1 characteristics 261:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 12 59 theme fractions 1614:1622 arg1 activities 1547:1556 antioxidant activities 1535:1556 antioxidant activities 1535:1556 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 12 59 theme fractions 1614:1622 arg1 relationships 1582:1594 structure-function relationships 1563:1594 structure-function relationships 1563:1594 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 12 59 theme fractions 1614:1622 arg1 characteristics 1518:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 2 60 theme preliminary 228:238 arg1 characteristics 261:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 1 61 theme Antioxidant 111:121 arg1 Activities 123:132 Their Antioxidant Activities 105:132 Their Antioxidant Activities 105:132 Raeusch and Their Antioxidant Activities. 26452687 12 62 theme Canarium 1629:1636 arg1 album 1638:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 Canarium album 1629:1642 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 9 63 theme chain 1247:1251 arg1 conformation 1253:1264 chain conformation 1247:1264 chain conformation 1247:1264 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 12 64 theme structure-function 1563:1580 arg1 relationships 1582:1594 structure-function relationships 1563:1594 structure-function relationships 1563:1594 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 8 65 theme CPS2 1028:1031 arg1 better 1037:1042 better 1037:1042 better 1037:1042 Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CPS2 was better than that of CPS3, while that of CPS1 was the weakest. 26452687 8 65 theme CPS2 1028:1031 arg1 activity 1016:1023 the antioxidant activity 1000:1023 the antioxidant activity of CPS2 1000:1031 Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of CPS2 was better than that of CPS3, while that of CPS1 was the weakest. 26452687 2 66 from album 337:341 arg1 polysaccharides 307:321 polysaccharides 307:321 polysaccharides from Canarium album 307:341 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 2 66 from album 337:341 arg1 characteristics 261:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 preliminary molecular structural characteristics 228:275 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 2 66 from album 337:341 arg1 activities 293:302 antioxidant activities 281:302 antioxidant activities 281:302 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 12 67 theme antioxidant 1535:1545 arg1 activities 1547:1556 antioxidant activities 1535:1556 antioxidant activities 1535:1556 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 13 68 theme deep-processed 1747:1760 arg1 products 1762:1769 the deep-processed products 1743:1769 the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value 1743:1803 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 7 69 from shape 969:973 arg1 aqueous 978:984 aqueous 978:984 aqueous 978:984 The chain conformation analysis indicated CPS1 and CPS2 were typical highly branched polysaccharides while CPS3 existed as a globular shape in aqueous. 26452687 13 70 theme practical 1719:1727 arg1 knowledge 1729:1737 background and practical knowledge 1704:1737 knowledge 1729:1737 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 13 71 with album 1777:1781 arg1 value 1799:1803 high added value 1788:1803 high added value 1788:1803 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 6 72 theme CPS1 710:713 arg1 weight 700:705 the molecular weight 686:705 the molecular weight of CPS1 686:713 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 6 72 theme CPS1 710:713 arg1 greater 719:725 greater 719:725 greater 719:725 According to the SEC-MALLS-RI system, the molecular weight of CPS1 was greater compared to CPS2 and CPS3, and the molecular weight and radius of CPS did not display positive correlation. 26452687 0 73 theme Structural 10:19 arg1 Characteristics 21:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics 0:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 0:91 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 11 74 theme valued 1443:1448 arg1 product 1462:1468 a valued antioxidant product 1441:1468 a valued antioxidant product 1441:1468 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 11 74 theme valued 1443:1448 arg1 it 1416:1417 it 1416:1417 it 1416:1417 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 14 75 theme CPS 1850:1852 arg1 ingredient 1904:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient 1883:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries 1883:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 75 theme CPS 1850:1852 arg1 component 1837:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 75 theme CPS 1850:1852 arg1 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 5 76 theme pectin 585:590 arg1 polysaccharides 592:606 pectin polysaccharides 585:606 pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β-glycosidic linkages 585:645 CPS1 and CPS3 were mainly composed of neutral polysaccharides linked by α- and β-glycosidic linkages while CPS2 was pectin polysaccharides mainly linked by β-glycosidic linkages. 26452687 2 77 from characteristics 261:275 arg1 album 337:341 Canarium album 328:341 Canarium album 328:341 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 0 78 theme Fractions 55:63 arg1 Characteristics 21:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics 0:35 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 0:91 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 13 79 theme background 1704:1713 arg1 knowledge 1729:1737 background and practical knowledge 1704:1737 knowledge 1729:1737 The results provided background and practical knowledge for the deep-processed products of C. album with high added value. 26452687 10 80 theme molecular 1334:1342 arg1 factors 1355:1361 multiple molecular structural factors 1325:1361 multiple molecular structural factors 1325:1361 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 0 81 theme Canarium 70:77 arg1 album 79:83 Canarium album 70:83 Canarium album 70:83 Molecular Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide Fractions from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 14 82 theme major 1819:1823 arg1 ingredient 1904:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient 1883:1913 a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries 1883:1951 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 82 theme major 1819:1823 arg1 component 1837:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 the major antioxidant component 1815:1845 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 14 82 theme major 1819:1823 arg1 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 1806:1809 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS, which could be exploited as a valued antioxidant ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. 26452687 12 83 theme structural 1507:1516 arg1 characteristics 1518:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 The molecular structural characteristics 1493:1532 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 9 84 theme antioxidant 1103:1113 arg1 activities 1115:1124 The antioxidant activities 1099:1124 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions 1099:1152 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 9 85 theme fractions 1144:1152 arg1 activities 1115:1124 The antioxidant activities 1099:1124 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions 1099:1152 The antioxidant activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, molecular weight, and chain conformation. 26452687 2 86 theme multiple 197:204 arg1 relations 206:214 the multiple relations 193:214 the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album 193:341 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 10 87 theme functional 1272:1281 arg1 property 1283:1290 This functional property 1267:1290 This functional property 1267:1290 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 10 87 theme functional 1272:1281 arg1 result 1298:1303 a result 1296:1303 a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors 1296:1361 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 26452687 12 88 theme PRACTICAL 1471:1479 arg1 APPLICATION 1481:1491 PRACTICAL APPLICATION 1471:1491 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 1471:1681 PRACTICAL APPLICATION The molecular structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and structure-function relationships of polysaccharide fractions from Canarium album were first investigated in this study. 26452687 11 89 theme antioxidant 1383:1393 arg1 component 1395:1403 the major antioxidant component 1373:1403 the major antioxidant component of CPS 1373:1410 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 11 89 theme antioxidant 1383:1393 arg1 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 1364:1367 CPS2 was the major antioxidant component of CPS and it could be exploited as a valued antioxidant product. 26452687 2 90 theme UNLABELLED 135:144 arg1 objective 150:158 UNLABELLED The objective 135:158 UNLABELLED The objective of this study 135:172 UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to investigate the multiple relations between the preliminary molecular structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Canarium album (Lour.) 26452687 10 91 theme factors 1355:1361 arg1 combination 1310:1320 a combination 1308:1320 a combination of multiple molecular structural factors 1308:1361 This functional property was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. 27087275 7 0 theme chemical 1228:1235 arg1 derivatization 1237:1250 chemical derivatization 1228:1250 chemical derivatization 1228:1250 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 10 1 theme carbohydrates 1798:1810 arg1 relationships 1775:1787 structure-function relationships 1756:1787 structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1756:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 4 2 theme high 565:568 arg1 heterogeneity 570:582 the high heterogeneity 561:582 the high heterogeneity of modifications 561:599 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 10 3 theme essential 1717:1725 arg1 milestone 1727:1735 an essential milestone 1714:1735 an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1714:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 10 3 theme essential 1717:1725 arg1 oligosaccharides 1696:1711 HS oligosaccharides 1693:1711 HS oligosaccharides 1693:1711 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 4 4 theme uronic 631:636 arg1 acids 638:642 the uronic acids 627:642 the uronic acids 627:642 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 0 5 theme De 0:1 arg1 Sequencing 8:17 De Novo Sequencing 0:17 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 0:73 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 1 6 theme sulfate 154:160 arg1 tetrasaccharides 162:177 heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides 146:177 heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides 146:177 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 9 7 theme synthetic 1500:1508 arg1 standards 1529:1537 the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1496:1537 the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1496:1537 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 10 8 theme first 1653:1657 arg1 sequencing 1659:1668 the first sequencing 1649:1668 the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1649:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 9 9 theme tetrasaccharide 1513:1527 arg1 standards 1529:1537 the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1496:1537 the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1496:1537 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 1 10 theme sequencing 104:113 arg1 method 115:120 the first sequencing method 94:120 the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS 94:189 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 10 11 theme HS 1693:1694 arg1 milestone 1727:1735 an essential milestone 1714:1735 an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1714:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 10 11 theme HS 1693:1694 arg1 oligosaccharides 1696:1711 HS oligosaccharides 1693:1711 HS oligosaccharides 1693:1711 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 5 12 theme structural 817:826 arg1 analysis 828:835 detailed structural analysis 808:835 detailed structural analysis 808:835 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 10 13 theme mixtures 1681:1688 arg1 sequencing 1659:1668 the first sequencing 1649:1668 the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1649:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 2 14 theme heparan 204:210 arg1 HS 221:222 HS 221:222 HS 221:222 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 14 theme heparan 204:210 arg1 Heparin 192:198 Heparin 192:198 Heparin 192:198 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 14 theme heparan 204:210 arg1 sulfate 212:218 heparan sulfate 204:218 heparan sulfate (HS) 204:223 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 14 theme heparan 204:210 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 linear polysaccharides 229:250 linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid 229:363 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 9 15 theme HS 1543:1544 arg1 mixture 1561:1567 an HS tetrasacharide mixture 1540:1567 an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources 1540:1596 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 5 16 theme liquid 663:668 arg1 LC 686:687 LC 686:687 LC 686:687 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 16 theme liquid 663:668 arg1 chromatography 670:683 liquid chromatography 663:683 liquid chromatography (LC) 663:688 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 2 17 theme linear 229:234 arg1 Heparin 192:198 Heparin 192:198 Heparin 192:198 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 17 theme linear 229:234 arg1 sulfate 212:218 heparan sulfate 204:218 heparan sulfate (HS) 204:223 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 17 theme linear 229:234 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 linear polysaccharides 229:250 linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid 229:363 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 9 18 theme tetrasacharide 1546:1559 arg1 mixture 1561:1567 an HS tetrasacharide mixture 1540:1567 an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources 1540:1596 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 0 19 theme Sulfate 50:56 arg1 Oligosaccharides 58:73 Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 42:73 Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 42:73 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 5 20 theme HS 862:863 arg1 mixtures 865:872 isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures 840:872 isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures 840:872 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 8 21 theme HS 1344:1345 arg1 structure 1347:1355 HS structure 1344:1355 HS structure 1344:1355 These synthetic compounds made it possible to establish relationships between HS structure, chromatographic behavior and MS/MS fragmentation characteristics. 27087275 4 22 gly heterogeneity 570:582 arg1 acids 638:642 the uronic acids 627:642 the uronic acids 627:642 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 22 gly heterogeneity 570:582 arg1 groups 553:558 their sulfate groups 539:558 their sulfate groups 539:558 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 22 gly heterogeneity 570:582 arg1 modifications 587:599 modifications 587:599 modifications 587:599 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 6 23 theme chemical 949:956 arg1 derivatization 958:971 chemical derivatization 949:971 chemical derivatization 949:971 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 4 24 theme glycosaminoglycans 482:499 arg1 analysis 464:471 The structural analysis 449:471 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans 449:499 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 5 25 theme mass 694:697 arg1 spectrometry 699:710 mass spectrometry 694:710 mass spectrometry (MS) 694:715 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 25 theme mass 694:697 arg1 MS 713:714 MS 713:714 MS 713:714 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 2 26 mod modified 261:268 arg3 N- 293:294 N- 293:294 N- 293:294 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 26 mod modified 261:268 arg3 O-sulfation 300:310 O-sulfation 300:310 O-sulfation 300:310 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 26 mod modified 261:268 arg1 Heparin 192:198 Heparin 192:198 Heparin 192:198 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 26 mod modified 261:268 arg1 sulfate 212:218 heparan sulfate 204:218 heparan sulfate (HS) 204:223 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 26 mod modified 261:268 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 linear polysaccharides 229:250 linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid 229:363 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 27 theme acid 360:363 arg1 O-sulfation 300:310 O-sulfation 300:310 O-sulfation 300:310 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 27 theme acid 360:363 arg1 N- 293:294 N- 293:294 N- 293:294 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 27 theme acid 360:363 arg1 N-acetylation 313:325 N-acetylation 313:325 N-acetylation 313:325 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 2 27 theme acid 360:363 arg1 epimerization 332:344 epimerization 332:344 epimerization 332:344 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 7 28 theme synthetic 1121:1129 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1134:1149 well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides 1108:1149 well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization 1108:1209 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 6 29 theme mass 984:987 arg1 spectrometry 989:1000 tandem mass spectrometry 977:1000 tandem mass spectrometry 977:1000 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 6 30 theme isomeric 1040:1047 arg1 structures 1062:1071 isomeric and epimeric structures 1040:1071 isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures 1040:1093 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 9 31 theme natural 1582:1588 arg1 sources 1590:1596 natural sources 1582:1596 natural sources 1582:1596 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 4 32 theme structural 453:462 arg1 analysis 464:471 The structural analysis 449:471 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans 449:499 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 8 33 theme MS/MS 1387:1391 arg1 characteristics 1407:1421 MS/MS fragmentation characteristics 1387:1421 MS/MS fragmentation characteristics 1387:1421 These synthetic compounds made it possible to establish relationships between HS structure, chromatographic behavior and MS/MS fragmentation characteristics. 27087275 5 34 theme mixtures 776:783 arg1 profiling 744:752 compositional profiling 730:752 compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures 730:783 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 3 35 theme communication 424:436 arg1 processes 438:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 Heparin and HS are involved in various essential cellular communication processes. 27087275 5 36 theme online 786:791 arg1 separation 793:802 online separation 786:802 online separation 786:802 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 7 37 theme sulfation 1162:1170 arg1 patterns 1172:1179 sulfation patterns 1162:1179 sulfation patterns 1162:1179 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 3 38 theme essential 405:413 arg1 processes 438:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 Heparin and HS are involved in various essential cellular communication processes. 27087275 7 39 theme HS 1131:1132 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1134:1149 well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides 1108:1149 well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization 1108:1209 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 0 40 theme Complex 22:28 arg1 Mixtures 30:37 Complex Mixtures 22:37 Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 22:73 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 6 41 theme method 1002:1007 arg1 development 917:927 development 917:927 development 917:927 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 6 41 theme method 1002:1007 arg1 evaluation 933:942 evaluation 933:942 evaluation 933:942 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 6 42 from mixtures 1086:1093 arg1 structures 1062:1071 isomeric and epimeric structures 1040:1071 isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures 1040:1093 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 7 43 theme well-defined 1108:1119 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1134:1149 well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides 1108:1149 well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization 1108:1209 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 10 44 from milestone 1727:1735 arg1 analysis 1744:1751 the analysis 1740:1751 the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1740:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 10 45 theme relationships 1775:1787 arg1 analysis 1744:1751 the analysis 1740:1751 the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1740:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 1 46 theme complex 127:133 arg1 mixture 135:141 a complex mixture 125:141 a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides 125:177 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 0 47 dep De 0:1 arg1 Novo 3:6 Novo 3:6 Novo 3:6 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 4 48 theme modifications 587:599 arg1 epimerization 610:622 the epimerization 606:622 the epimerization of the uronic acids 606:642 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 48 theme modifications 587:599 arg1 heterogeneity 570:582 the high heterogeneity 561:582 the high heterogeneity of modifications 561:599 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 48 theme modifications 587:599 arg1 lability 527:534 the lability 523:534 the lability of their sulfate groups 523:558 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 6 49 theme epimeric 1053:1060 arg1 structures 1062:1071 isomeric and epimeric structures 1040:1071 isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures 1040:1093 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 4 50 theme groups 553:558 arg1 epimerization 610:622 the epimerization 606:622 the epimerization of the uronic acids 606:642 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 50 theme groups 553:558 arg1 heterogeneity 570:582 the high heterogeneity 561:582 the high heterogeneity of modifications 561:599 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 50 theme groups 553:558 arg1 lability 527:534 the lability 523:534 the lability of their sulfate groups 523:558 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 5 51 theme mixtures 865:872 arg1 separation 793:802 online separation 786:802 online separation 786:802 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 51 theme mixtures 865:872 arg1 analysis 828:835 detailed structural analysis 808:835 detailed structural analysis 808:835 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 52 theme isomeric 840:847 arg1 mixtures 865:872 isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures 840:872 isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures 840:872 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 1 53 theme heparan 146:152 arg1 tetrasaccharides 162:177 heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides 146:177 heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides 146:177 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 5 54 theme HS 757:758 arg1 mixtures 776:783 HS oligosaccharide mixtures 757:783 HS oligosaccharide mixtures 757:783 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 10 55 theme complex 1673:1679 arg1 mixtures 1681:1688 complex mixtures 1673:1688 complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1673:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 1 56 theme tetrasaccharides 162:177 arg1 mixture 135:141 a complex mixture 125:141 a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides 125:177 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 4 57 theme acids 638:642 arg1 epimerization 610:622 the epimerization 606:622 the epimerization of the uronic acids 606:642 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 57 theme acids 638:642 arg1 heterogeneity 570:582 the high heterogeneity 561:582 the high heterogeneity of modifications 561:599 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 4 57 theme acids 638:642 arg1 lability 527:534 the lability 523:534 the lability of their sulfate groups 523:558 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 2 58 theme complex 275:281 arg1 manner 283:288 a complex manner 273:288 a complex manner 273:288 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 9 59 theme HS 1510:1511 arg1 standards 1529:1537 the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1496:1537 the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1496:1537 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 10 60 theme oligosaccharides 1696:1711 arg1 mixtures 1681:1688 complex mixtures 1673:1688 complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1673:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 5 61 theme detailed 808:815 arg1 analysis 828:835 detailed structural analysis 808:835 detailed structural analysis 808:835 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 8 62 theme synthetic 1272:1280 arg1 compounds 1282:1290 These synthetic compounds 1266:1290 These synthetic compounds 1266:1290 These synthetic compounds made it possible to establish relationships between HS structure, chromatographic behavior and MS/MS fragmentation characteristics. 27087275 1 63 theme first 98:102 arg1 method 115:120 the first sequencing method 94:120 the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS 94:189 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 6 64 dep development 917:927 arg1 the 913:915 the 913:915 the 913:915 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 0 65 theme Mixtures 30:37 arg1 Sequencing 8:17 De Novo Sequencing 0:17 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 0:73 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 6 66 theme spectrometry 989:1000 arg1 method 1002:1007 a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method 947:1007 a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures 947:1093 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 0 67 theme Oligosaccharides 58:73 arg1 Mixtures 30:37 Complex Mixtures 22:37 Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 22:73 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 5 68 theme epimeric 853:860 arg1 mixtures 865:872 isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures 840:872 isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures 840:872 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 6 69 theme tandem 977:982 arg1 spectrometry 989:1000 tandem mass spectrometry 977:1000 tandem mass spectrometry 977:1000 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 7 70 theme acid 1192:1195 arg1 epimerization 1197:1209 uronic acid epimerization 1185:1209 uronic acid epimerization 1185:1209 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 1 71 theme mixture 135:141 arg1 method 115:120 the first sequencing method 94:120 the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS 94:189 Here, we describe the first sequencing method of a complex mixture of heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides by LC-MS/MS. 27087275 6 72 theme derivatization 958:971 arg1 method 1002:1007 a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method 947:1007 a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures 947:1093 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 7 73 theme uronic 1185:1190 arg1 epimerization 1197:1209 uronic acid epimerization 1185:1209 uronic acid epimerization 1185:1209 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 8 74 theme chromatographic 1358:1372 arg1 behavior 1374:1381 chromatographic behavior 1358:1381 chromatographic behavior 1358:1381 These synthetic compounds made it possible to establish relationships between HS structure, chromatographic behavior and MS/MS fragmentation characteristics. 27087275 2 75 theme uronic 353:358 arg1 acid 360:363 the uronic acid 349:363 the uronic acid 349:363 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear polysaccharides that are modified in a complex manner by N- and O-sulfation, N-acetylation, and epimerization of the uronic acid. 27087275 5 76 theme oligosaccharide 760:774 arg1 mixtures 776:783 HS oligosaccharide mixtures 757:783 HS oligosaccharide mixtures 757:783 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 7 77 theme tetrasaccharides 1134:1149 arg1 series 1098:1103 A series 1096:1103 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization 1096:1209 A series of well-defined synthetic HS tetrasaccharides varying in sulfation patterns and uronic acid epimerization were analyzed by chemical derivatization and LC-MS/MS. 27087275 4 78 theme sulfate 545:551 arg1 groups 553:558 their sulfate groups 539:558 their sulfate groups 539:558 The structural analysis of these glycosaminoglycans is challenging due to the lability of their sulfate groups, the high heterogeneity of modifications, and the epimerization of the uronic acids. 27087275 8 79 theme fragmentation 1393:1405 arg1 characteristics 1407:1421 MS/MS fragmentation characteristics 1387:1421 MS/MS fragmentation characteristics 1387:1421 These synthetic compounds made it possible to establish relationships between HS structure, chromatographic behavior and MS/MS fragmentation characteristics. 27087275 5 80 theme compositional 730:742 arg1 profiling 744:752 compositional profiling 730:752 compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures 730:783 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 9 81 theme standards 1529:1537 arg1 analysis 1484:1491 the analysis 1480:1491 the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1480:1537 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 3 82 theme cellular 415:422 arg1 processes 438:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 Heparin and HS are involved in various essential cellular communication processes. 27087275 0 83 theme Heparan 42:48 arg1 Oligosaccharides 58:73 Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 42:73 Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides 42:73 De Novo Sequencing of Complex Mixtures of Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides. 27087275 9 84 attach derived 1569:1575 arg2 mixture 1561:1567 an HS tetrasacharide mixture 1540:1567 an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources 1540:1596 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 9 84 attach derived 1569:1575 arg1 sources 1590:1596 natural sources 1582:1596 natural sources 1582:1596 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 10 85 theme structure-function 1756:1773 arg1 relationships 1775:1787 structure-function relationships 1756:1787 structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates 1756:1810 This method represents the first sequencing of complex mixtures of HS oligosaccharides, an essential milestone in the analysis of structure-function relationships of these carbohydrates. 27087275 6 86 theme complex 1078:1084 arg1 mixtures 1086:1093 complex mixtures 1078:1093 complex mixtures 1078:1093 Here, we report the development and evaluation of a chemical derivatization and tandem mass spectrometry method that can separate and identify isomeric and epimeric structures from complex mixtures. 27087275 3 87 theme various 397:403 arg1 processes 438:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 various essential cellular communication processes 397:446 Heparin and HS are involved in various essential cellular communication processes. 27087275 9 88 theme analytical 1434:1443 arg1 characteristics 1445:1459 the analytical characteristics 1430:1459 the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards 1430:1537 Using the analytical characteristics determined through the analysis of the synthetic HS tetrasaccharide standards, an HS tetrasacharide mixture derived from natural sources was successfully sequenced. 27087275 5 89 from advances 651:658 arg1 spectrometry 699:710 mass spectrometry 694:710 mass spectrometry (MS) 694:715 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 89 from advances 651:658 arg1 LC 686:687 LC 686:687 LC 686:687 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 89 from advances 651:658 arg1 MS 713:714 MS 713:714 MS 713:714 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27087275 5 89 from advances 651:658 arg1 chromatography 670:683 liquid chromatography 663:683 liquid chromatography (LC) 663:688 While advances in liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled compositional profiling of HS oligosaccharide mixtures, online separation and detailed structural analysis of isomeric and epimeric HS mixtures has not been achieved. 27247215 0 0 theme stationary 105:114 arg1 phases 116:121 chiral stationary phases 98:121 chiral stationary phases 98:121 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 2 1 theme N-protected 376:386 arg1 derivatives 400:410 free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 367:410 free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 367:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 4 2 from variation 740:748 arg1 presence 808:815 the presence 804:815 the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions 804:884 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 0 3 theme chiral 98:103 arg1 phases 116:121 chiral stationary phases 98:121 chiral stationary phases 98:121 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 3 4 theme nature 554:559 arg1 variation 537:545 variation 537:545 variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase 537:633 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 6 5 theme strong 1216:1221 arg1 CSPs 1245:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 0 6 from Enantioseparation 0:16 arg1 cation 75:80 polysaccharide- and strong cation 48:80 polysaccharide- and strong cation 48:80 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 3 7 from nature 554:559 arg1 n-hexane 610:617 n-hexane 610:617 n-hexane 610:617 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 2 8 theme phases 331:336 arg1 performance 231:241 the enantioselectivity performance 208:241 the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 208:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 9 theme stationary 320:329 arg1 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 9 theme stationary 320:329 arg1 phases 331:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases 280:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 280:343 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 3 10 theme alcohol 590:596 arg1 modifier 598:605 the alcohol modifier 586:605 the alcohol modifier 586:605 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 6 11 theme Elution 1085:1091 arg1 sequences 1093:1101 Elution sequences 1085:1101 Elution sequences 1085:1101 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 4 12 theme bulk 775:778 arg1 compositions 788:799 methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions 753:799 methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions 753:799 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 13 theme cation 667:672 arg1 CSPs 689:692 strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 660:692 strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 660:692 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 2 14 theme chiral 313:318 arg1 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 14 theme chiral 313:318 arg1 phases 331:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases 280:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 280:343 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 6 15 from CSP 1351:1353 arg1 switching 1319:1327 switching 1319:1327 switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form 1319:1371 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 5 16 dep retention 1020:1028 arg1 i.e. 1011:1014 i.e. 1011:1014 i.e. 1011:1014 Detailed thermodynamic investigations revealed that in all cases the enantioseparations observed were enthalpically driven, i.e. the retention and selectivity decreased with increasing temperature. 27247215 5 16 dep retention 1020:1028 arg1 the 1016:1018 the 1016:1018 the 1016:1018 Detailed thermodynamic investigations revealed that in all cases the enantioseparations observed were enthalpically driven, i.e. the retention and selectivity decreased with increasing temperature. 27247215 3 17 theme amylose-based 453:465 arg1 CSPs 467:470 amylose-based CSPs 453:470 amylose-based CSPs 453:470 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 2 18 theme exchanger-type 298:311 arg1 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 18 theme exchanger-type 298:311 arg1 phases 331:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases 280:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 280:343 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 3 19 theme available 429:437 arg1 cellulose- 439:448 commercially available cellulose- 416:448 commercially available cellulose- 416:448 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 3 20 from variation 537:545 arg1 n-hexane 610:617 n-hexane 610:617 n-hexane 610:617 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 3 21 dep nature 554:559 arg1 the 550:552 the 550:552 the 550:552 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 4 22 theme amounts 828:834 arg1 presence 808:815 the presence 804:815 the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions 804:884 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 6 23 theme polysaccharide-based 1159:1178 arg1 CSPs 1180:1183 polysaccharide-based CSPs 1159:1183 polysaccharide-based CSPs 1159:1183 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 0 24 theme derivatives 33:43 arg1 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation 0:80 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 3 25 theme modifier 598:605 arg1 nature 554:559 nature 554:559 nature 554:559 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 3 25 theme modifier 598:605 arg1 concentration 569:581 the concentration 565:581 the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane 565:617 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 4 26 theme exchanger-type 674:687 arg1 CSPs 689:692 strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 660:692 strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 660:692 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 0 27 theme ß-carboline 21:31 arg1 derivatives 33:43 ß-carboline derivatives 21:43 ß-carboline derivatives 21:43 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 3 28 theme concentration 569:581 arg1 variation 537:545 variation 537:545 variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase 537:633 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 2 29 theme comparative 189:199 arg1 manner 201:206 a comparative manner 187:206 a comparative manner 187:206 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 1 30 theme comparative 126:136 arg1 study 138:142 A comparative study 124:142 A comparative study 124:142 A comparative study. 27247215 3 31 theme normal-phase 516:527 arg1 mode 529:532 normal-phase mode 516:532 normal-phase mode 516:532 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 0 32 theme polysaccharide- 48:62 arg1 cation 75:80 polysaccharide- and strong cation 48:80 polysaccharide- and strong cation 48:80 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 6 33 theme exchanger-type 1230:1243 arg1 CSPs 1245:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 2 34 theme polysaccharide- 260:274 arg1 performance 231:241 the enantioselectivity performance 208:241 the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 208:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 4 35 theme various 820:826 arg1 additives 853:861 base additives 848:861 base additives 848:861 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 35 theme various 820:826 arg1 amounts 828:834 various amounts 820:834 various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions 820:884 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 35 theme various 820:826 arg1 acid 839:842 acid 839:842 acid 839:842 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 6 36 theme enantiomeric 1338:1349 arg1 CSP 1351:1353 one enantiomeric CSP 1334:1353 one enantiomeric CSP 1334:1353 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 4 37 theme CSPs 689:692 arg1 application 645:655 the application 641:655 the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 641:692 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 0 38 theme strong 68:73 arg1 cation 75:80 polysaccharide- and strong cation 48:80 polysaccharide- and strong cation 48:80 Enantioseparation of ß-carboline derivatives on polysaccharide- and strong cation exchanger-based chiral stationary phases. 27247215 5 39 theme Detailed 887:894 arg1 investigations 910:923 Detailed thermodynamic investigations 887:923 Detailed thermodynamic investigations 887:923 Detailed thermodynamic investigations revealed that in all cases the enantioseparations observed were enthalpically driven, i.e. the retention and selectivity decreased with increasing temperature. 27247215 3 40 theme mobile 622:627 arg1 phase 629:633 mobile phase 622:633 mobile phase 622:633 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 6 41 theme cation 1223:1228 arg1 CSPs 1245:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 2 42 theme free 367:370 arg1 derivatives 400:410 free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 367:410 free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 367:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 6 43 theme sequence 1288:1295 arg1 reversal 1264:1271 the predicted reversal 1250:1271 the predicted reversal of the elution sequence 1250:1295 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 6 44 theme other 1362:1366 arg1 form 1368:1371 the other form 1358:1371 the other form 1358:1371 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 4 45 theme methanol-acetonitrile 753:773 arg1 compositions 788:799 methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions 753:799 methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions 753:799 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 2 46 theme enantioselectivity 212:229 arg1 performance 231:241 the enantioselectivity performance 208:241 the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 208:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 47 theme cation 291:296 arg1 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 47 theme cation 291:296 arg1 phases 331:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases 280:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 280:343 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 4 48 theme compositions 788:799 arg1 variation 740:748 the variation 736:748 the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions 736:884 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 6 49 theme predicted 1254:1262 arg1 reversal 1264:1271 the predicted reversal 1250:1271 the predicted reversal of the elution sequence 1250:1295 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 6 50 theme general 1133:1139 arg1 rule 1141:1144 no general rule 1130:1144 no general rule 1130:1144 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 4 51 theme acid 839:842 arg1 additives 853:861 base additives 848:861 base additives 848:861 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 51 theme acid 839:842 arg1 amounts 828:834 various amounts 820:834 various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions 820:884 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 51 theme acid 839:842 arg1 acid 839:842 acid 839:842 acid 839:842 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 2 52 theme strong 284:289 arg1 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 CSPs 339:342 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 2 52 theme strong 284:289 arg1 phases 331:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases 280:336 two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) 280:343 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 4 53 theme solvent 780:786 arg1 compositions 788:799 methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions 753:799 methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions 753:799 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 3 54 from n-hexane 610:617 arg1 variation 537:545 variation 537:545 variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase 537:633 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 27247215 4 55 theme base 848:851 arg1 additives 853:861 base additives 848:861 base additives 848:861 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 5 56 theme thermodynamic 896:908 arg1 investigations 910:923 Detailed thermodynamic investigations 887:923 Detailed thermodynamic investigations 887:923 Detailed thermodynamic investigations revealed that in all cases the enantioseparations observed were enthalpically driven, i.e. the retention and selectivity decreased with increasing temperature. 27247215 2 57 theme derivatives 400:410 arg1 resolution 353:362 the resolution 349:362 the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 349:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 6 58 theme elution 1280:1286 arg1 sequence 1288:1295 the elution sequence 1276:1295 the elution sequence 1276:1295 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 4 59 theme strong 660:665 arg1 CSPs 689:692 strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 660:692 strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 660:692 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 6 60 theme enantiomeric 1203:1214 arg1 CSPs 1245:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs 1195:1248 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 6 61 located found 1150:1154 arg1 CSPs 1180:1183 polysaccharide-based CSPs 1159:1183 polysaccharide-based CSPs 1159:1183 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 6 61 located found 1150:1154 arg2 rule 1141:1144 no general rule 1130:1144 no general rule 1130:1144 Elution sequences were determined routinely; no general rule was found on polysaccharide-based CSPs, while on the two enantiomeric strong cation exchanger-type CSPs the predicted reversal of the elution sequence could be confirmed on switching from one enantiomeric CSP to the other form. 27247215 4 62 theme additives 853:861 arg1 additives 853:861 base additives 848:861 base additives 848:861 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 62 theme additives 853:861 arg1 amounts 828:834 various amounts 820:834 various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions 820:884 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 4 62 theme additives 853:861 arg1 acid 839:842 acid 839:842 acid 839:842 With the application of strong cation exchanger-type CSPs, the enantioseparations were optimized by the variation of methanol-acetonitrile bulk solvent compositions in the presence of various amounts of acid and base additives acting as counter-ions. 27247215 2 63 theme β-carboline 388:398 arg1 derivatives 400:410 free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 367:410 free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives 367:410 In this study we attempted to describe in a comparative manner the enantioselectivity performance of six different polysaccharide- and two strong cation exchanger-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the resolution of free and N-protected β-carboline derivatives. 27247215 3 64 from concentration 569:581 arg1 n-hexane 610:617 n-hexane 610:617 n-hexane 610:617 On commercially available cellulose- or amylose-based CSPs, the enantioseparations were carried out in normal-phase mode by variation of the nature and the concentration of the alcohol modifier in n-hexane as mobile phase. 25542107 6 0 theme polygalacturonase 1211:1227 arg1 activity 1229:1236 extracellular polygalacturonase activity 1197:1236 extracellular polygalacturonase activity 1197:1236 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 3 1 theme molecular 675:683 arg1 Mw 693:694 Mw 693:694 Mw 693:694 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 1 theme molecular 675:683 arg1 weight 685:690 their molecular weight 669:690 their molecular weight (Mw) 669:695 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 8 2 contain have 1477:1480 arg1 it 1463:1464 it 1463:1464 it 1463:1464 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 8 2 contain have 1477:1480 arg2 influence 1499:1507 an insignificant influence 1482:1507 an insignificant influence 1482:1507 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 2 3 theme gene 342:345 arg1 expression 319:328 The expression 315:328 The expression of the rolC gene 315:345 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 8 4 from expression 1337:1346 arg1 callus 1382:1387 campion callus 1374:1387 campion callus 1374:1387 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 1 5 theme cell-wall 243:251 arg1 polysaccharides 253:267 cell-wall polysaccharides 243:267 cell-wall polysaccharides 243:267 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 6 6 from decrease 1090:1097 arg1 Mw 1106:1107 the Mw 1102:1107 the Mw of pectin 1102:1117 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 3 7 theme weight 685:690 arg1 modification 626:637 the modification 622:637 the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE) 622:747 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 6 8 theme acid 1142:1145 arg1 content 1147:1153 its d-galacturonic acid content 1123:1153 its d-galacturonic acid content 1123:1153 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 1 9 theme polysaccharides 253:267 arg1 composition 228:238 the composition 224:238 the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides 224:267 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 1 9 theme polysaccharides 253:267 arg1 activity 283:290 glycanase activity 273:290 glycanase activity in the campion callus 273:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 2 10 theme arabinogalactan 498:512 arg1 production 454:463 the volumetric production 439:463 the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan 439:512 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 4 11 theme intracellular 832:844 arg1 activity 888:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity 832:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses 832:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 5 12 theme rolB 967:970 arg1 genes 981:985 the rolB and rolC genes 963:985 the rolB and rolC genes 963:985 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 6 13 from content 1147:1153 arg1 Mw 1106:1107 the Mw 1102:1107 the Mw of pectin 1102:1117 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 8 14 theme insignificant 1485:1497 arg1 influence 1499:1507 an insignificant influence 1482:1507 an insignificant influence 1482:1507 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 2 15 theme intracellular 484:496 arg1 arabinogalactan 498:512 intracellular arabinogalactan 484:512 intracellular arabinogalactan 484:512 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 3 16 theme degree 705:710 arg1 modification 626:637 the modification 622:637 the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE) 622:747 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 5 17 from increase 992:999 arg1 residue 1021:1027 pectin galactose residue 1004:1027 pectin galactose residue 1004:1027 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 0 18 theme rolC 112:115 arg1 genes 117:121 rolC genes 112:121 rolC genes 112:121 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 4 19 theme pectin 766:771 arg1 residue 783:789 pectin arabinose residue 766:789 pectin arabinose residue 766:789 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 3 20 theme rol 519:521 arg1 genes 523:527 The rol genes 515:527 The rol genes 515:527 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 8 21 theme rolC 1360:1363 arg1 genes 1365:1369 rolC genes 1360:1369 rolC genes 1360:1369 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 2 22 theme pectin 376:381 arg1 yield 359:363 the yield 355:363 the yield of campion pectin 355:381 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 0 23 theme polysaccharide 10:23 arg1 composition 25:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition 0:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition 0:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 6 24 theme d-galacturonic 1127:1140 arg1 content 1147:1153 its d-galacturonic acid content 1123:1153 its d-galacturonic acid content 1123:1153 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 2 25 theme pectin 473:478 arg1 production 454:463 the volumetric production 439:463 the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan 439:512 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 6 26 theme extracellular 1197:1209 arg1 activity 1229:1236 extracellular polygalacturonase activity 1197:1236 extracellular polygalacturonase activity 1197:1236 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 4 27 theme extracellular 850:862 arg1 activity 888:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity 832:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses 832:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 2 28 theme campion 368:374 arg1 pectin 376:381 campion pectin 368:381 campion pectin 368:381 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 0 29 theme Cell-wall 0:8 arg1 composition 25:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition 0:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition 0:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 1 30 theme glycanase 273:281 arg1 activity 283:290 glycanase activity 273:290 glycanase activity in the campion callus 273:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 1 31 from activity 283:290 arg1 callus 307:312 the campion callus 295:312 the campion callus 295:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 5 32 theme transgenic 932:941 arg1 calluses 943:950 transgenic calluses 932:950 transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes 932:985 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 8 33 theme campion 1374:1380 arg1 callus 1382:1387 campion callus 1374:1387 campion callus 1374:1387 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 2 34 theme rolB 412:415 arg1 gene 425:428 the rolB or rolC gene 408:428 gene 425:428 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 3 35 theme esterification 729:742 arg1 structures 657:666 polysaccharide structures 642:666 polysaccharide structures 642:666 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 35 theme esterification 729:742 arg1 Mw 693:694 Mw 693:694 Mw 693:694 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 35 theme esterification 729:742 arg1 weight 685:690 their molecular weight 669:690 their molecular weight (Mw) 669:695 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 35 theme esterification 729:742 arg1 degree 705:710 the degree 701:710 the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE) 701:747 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 4 36 theme campion 911:917 arg1 calluses 919:926 transgenic campion calluses 900:926 transgenic campion calluses 900:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 8 37 theme rolB 1351:1354 arg1 expression 1337:1346 the expression 1333:1346 the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus 1333:1387 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 3 38 theme glycanases 572:581 arg1 activity 560:567 the activity 556:567 the activity of glycanases and esterases 556:595 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 7 39 theme pectin 1319:1324 arg1 DE 1313:1314 the DE 1309:1314 the DE of pectin 1309:1324 Finally, the increase in pectinesterase activity causes a decrease in the DE of pectin. 25542107 4 40 theme transgenic 900:909 arg1 calluses 919:926 transgenic campion calluses 900:926 transgenic campion calluses 900:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 6 41 theme pectin 1112:1117 arg1 Mw 1106:1107 the Mw 1102:1107 the Mw of pectin 1102:1117 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 1 42 theme Agrobacterium 186:198 arg1 genes 215:219 the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes 182:219 the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes 182:219 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 2 43 theme volumetric 443:452 arg1 production 454:463 the volumetric production 439:463 the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan 439:512 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 3 44 theme pectin 715:720 arg1 DE 745:746 DE 745:746 DE 745:746 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 44 theme pectin 715:720 arg1 esterification 729:742 pectin methyl esterification 715:742 pectin methyl esterification (DE) 715:747 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 8 45 theme considerable 1395:1406 arg1 effect 1408:1413 a considerable effect 1393:1413 a considerable effect 1393:1413 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 3 46 theme methyl 722:727 arg1 DE 745:746 DE 745:746 DE 745:746 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 46 theme methyl 722:727 arg1 esterification 729:742 pectin methyl esterification 715:742 pectin methyl esterification (DE) 715:747 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 7 47 from increase 1252:1259 arg1 activity 1279:1286 pectinesterase activity 1264:1286 pectinesterase activity 1264:1286 Finally, the increase in pectinesterase activity causes a decrease in the DE of pectin. 25542107 1 48 theme rhizogenes 200:209 arg1 genes 215:219 the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes 182:219 the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes 182:219 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 0 49 theme glycanase 41:49 arg1 activity 51:58 glycanase activity 41:58 glycanase activity 41:58 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 1 50 theme campion 299:305 arg1 callus 307:312 the campion callus 295:312 the campion callus 295:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 4 51 theme arabinose 773:781 arg1 residue 783:789 pectin arabinose residue 766:789 pectin arabinose residue 766:789 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 5 52 from decrease 1048:1055 arg1 activity 1076:1083 β-galactosidase activity 1060:1083 β-galactosidase activity 1060:1083 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 1 53 theme rol 211:213 arg1 genes 215:219 the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes 182:219 the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes 182:219 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 0 54 theme Silene 63:68 arg1 callus 79:84 Silene vulgaris callus 63:84 Silene vulgaris callus 63:84 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 8 55 theme intracellular 1512:1524 arg1 arabinogalactans 1544:1559 intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans 1512:1559 intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans 1512:1559 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 4 56 theme α-l-arabinofuranosidase 864:886 arg1 activity 888:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity 832:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses 832:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 5 57 theme β-galactosidase 1060:1074 arg1 activity 1076:1083 β-galactosidase activity 1060:1083 β-galactosidase activity 1060:1083 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 5 58 theme galactose 1011:1019 arg1 residue 1021:1027 pectin galactose residue 1004:1027 pectin galactose residue 1004:1027 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 2 59 theme rolC 337:340 arg1 gene 342:345 the rolC gene 333:345 the rolC gene 333:345 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 2 60 theme gene 425:428 arg1 expression 394:403 the expression 390:403 the expression of the rolB or rolC gene 390:428 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 8 61 theme extracellular 1530:1542 arg1 arabinogalactans 1544:1559 intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans 1512:1559 intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans 1512:1559 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 1 62 from composition 228:238 arg1 callus 307:312 the campion callus 295:312 the campion callus 295:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 8 63 theme sugar 1427:1431 arg1 composition 1433:1443 pectin's sugar composition 1418:1443 pectin's sugar composition 1418:1443 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 8 64 theme genes 1365:1369 arg1 expression 1337:1346 the expression 1333:1346 the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus 1333:1387 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 7 65 theme pectinesterase 1264:1277 arg1 activity 1279:1286 pectinesterase activity 1264:1286 pectinesterase activity 1264:1286 Finally, the increase in pectinesterase activity causes a decrease in the DE of pectin. 25542107 5 66 from calluses 943:950 arg1 due 1039:1041 due 1039:1041 due 1039:1041 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 5 66 from calluses 943:950 arg1 increase 992:999 the increase 988:999 the increase in pectin galactose residue 988:1027 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 4 67 from activity 888:895 arg1 calluses 919:926 transgenic campion calluses 900:926 transgenic campion calluses 900:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 5 68 theme pectin 1004:1009 arg1 residue 1021:1027 pectin galactose residue 1004:1027 pectin galactose residue 1004:1027 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 7 69 from decrease 1297:1304 arg1 DE 1313:1314 the DE 1309:1314 the DE of pectin 1309:1324 Finally, the increase in pectinesterase activity causes a decrease in the DE of pectin. 25542107 6 70 from increase 1185:1192 arg1 activity 1229:1236 extracellular polygalacturonase activity 1197:1236 extracellular polygalacturonase activity 1197:1236 The decrease in the Mw of pectin and its d-galacturonic acid content appears to be connected to an increase in extracellular polygalacturonase activity. 25542107 1 71 theme genes 215:219 arg1 effects 171:177 the effects 167:177 the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus 167:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 5 72 theme rolC 976:979 arg1 genes 981:985 the rolB and rolC genes 963:985 the rolB and rolC genes 963:985 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 3 73 theme polysaccharide 642:655 arg1 structures 657:666 polysaccharide structures 642:666 polysaccharide structures 642:666 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 5 74 from due 1039:1041 arg1 calluses 943:950 transgenic calluses 932:950 transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes 932:985 In transgenic calluses expressing the rolB and rolC genes, the increase in pectin galactose residue is likely due to a decrease in β-galactosidase activity. 25542107 1 75 from effects 171:177 arg1 composition 228:238 the composition 224:238 the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides 224:267 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 1 75 from effects 171:177 arg1 activity 283:290 glycanase activity 273:290 glycanase activity in the campion callus 273:312 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 1 76 theme research 140:147 arg1 aim 128:130 The aim 124:130 The aim of this research 124:147 The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on the composition of cell-wall polysaccharides and glycanase activity in the campion callus. 25542107 0 77 theme callus 79:84 arg1 composition 25:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition 0:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition 0:35 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 0 77 theme callus 79:84 arg1 activity 51:58 glycanase activity 41:58 glycanase activity 41:58 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 3 78 theme structures 657:666 arg1 modification 626:637 the modification 622:637 the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE) 622:747 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 3 79 theme esterases 587:595 arg1 activity 560:567 the activity 556:567 the activity of glycanases and esterases 556:595 The rol genes are involved in regulating the activity of glycanases and esterases, thereby contributing to the modification of polysaccharide structures, their molecular weight (Mw) and the degree of pectin methyl esterification (DE). 25542107 8 80 contain has 1389:1391 arg1 expression 1337:1346 the expression 1333:1346 the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus 1333:1387 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 8 80 contain has 1389:1391 arg2 effect 1408:1413 a considerable effect 1393:1413 a considerable effect 1393:1413 Thus, the expression of rolB and rolC genes in campion callus has a considerable effect on pectin's sugar composition, DE and Mw, while it appears to have an insignificant influence on intracellular and extracellular arabinogalactans. 25542107 0 81 theme vulgaris 70:77 arg1 callus 79:84 Silene vulgaris callus 63:84 Silene vulgaris callus 63:84 Cell-wall polysaccharide composition and glycanase activity of Silene vulgaris callus transformed with rolB and rolC genes. 25542107 4 82 from increase 754:761 arg1 residue 783:789 pectin arabinose residue 766:789 pectin arabinose residue 766:789 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 25542107 2 83 theme rolC 420:423 arg1 gene 425:428 the rolB or rolC gene 408:428 gene 425:428 The expression of the rolC gene reduces the yield of campion pectin, while the expression of the rolB or rolC gene inhibits the volumetric production of both pectin and intracellular arabinogalactan. 25542107 4 84 from decrease 820:827 arg1 activity 888:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity 832:895 intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses 832:926 The increase in pectin arabinose residue appears to be connected to a decrease in intracellular and extracellular α-l-arabinofuranosidase activity in transgenic campion calluses. 28524080 2 0 theme Cereus 432:437 arg1 CSP-1 466:470 CSP-1 466:470 CSP-1 466:470 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 0 theme Cereus 432:437 arg1 polysaccharide-1 448:463 Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 432:463 Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 432:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 0 1 from Polysaccharide 16:29 arg1 Cells 86:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 1 2 from sinensis 174:181 arg1 conditions 123:132 the extraction conditions 108:132 the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis 108:181 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 1 2 from sinensis 174:181 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 the crude polysaccharide 137:160 the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis 137:181 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 1 3 theme polysaccharide 147:160 arg1 conditions 123:132 the extraction conditions 108:132 the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis 108:181 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 2 4 dep h. 391:392 arg1 named 426:430 named 426:430 named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 426:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 3 5 theme CSP-1 678:682 arg1 weight 637:642 The molecular weight 623:642 The molecular weight 623:642 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 3 5 theme CSP-1 678:682 arg1 composition 663:673 monosaccharide composition 648:673 monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 648:682 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 3 6 theme monosaccharide 648:661 arg1 composition 663:673 monosaccharide composition 648:673 monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 648:682 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 6 7 theme oxygen 1499:1504 arg1 ROS 1515:1517 ROS 1515:1517 ROS 1515:1517 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 7 theme oxygen 1499:1504 arg1 species 1506:1512 reactive oxygen species 1490:1512 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1490:1529 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 4 8 theme molecular 853:861 arg1 weight 863:868 an average molecular weight 842:868 an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da 842:881 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 2 9 theme material 286:293 arg1 ratio 273:277 a ratio 271:277 a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 271:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 4 10 theme average 845:851 arg1 weight 863:868 an average molecular weight 842:868 an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da 842:881 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 2 11 theme G-100 609:613 arg1 column 615:620 Sephadex G-100 column 600:620 Sephadex G-100 column 600:620 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 12 theme raw 282:284 arg1 material 286:293 raw material 282:293 raw material 282:293 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 4 13 theme linkages 1000:1007 arg1 linkages 1000:1007 glycosyl linkages 991:1007 glycosyl linkages 991:1007 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 4 13 theme linkages 1000:1007 arg1 1→2 959:961 1→2 959:961 1→2 959:961 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 2 14 theme 1:80 314:317 arg1 temperature 341:351 an extraction temperature 327:351 an extraction temperature of 72 °C 327:360 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 14 theme 1:80 314:317 arg1 volume 304:309 water volume 298:309 water volume of 1:80 (g/mL) 298:324 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 14 theme 1:80 314:317 arg1 time 381:384 an extraction time 367:384 an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 367:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 4 15 theme -Fucose 904:910 arg1 d-Glucose 928:936 d-Glucose 928:936 d-Glucose 928:936 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 4 15 theme -Fucose 904:910 arg1 -Mannose 918:925 l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose 899:925 l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose 899:925 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 0 16 from Properties 56:65 arg1 Cells 86:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 2 17 theme extraction 370:379 arg1 time 381:384 an extraction time 367:384 an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 367:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 4 18 theme glycosyl 991:998 arg1 linkages 1000:1007 glycosyl linkages 991:1007 glycosyl linkages 991:1007 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 6 19 theme receptor 1282:1289 arg1 mRNA 1301:1304 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA 1272:1304 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA 1272:1304 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 1 20 from conditions 123:132 arg1 sinensis 174:181 Cereus sinensis 167:181 Cereus sinensis 167:181 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 2 21 theme h. 391:392 arg1 temperature 341:351 an extraction temperature 327:351 an extraction temperature of 72 °C 327:360 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 21 theme h. 391:392 arg1 volume 304:309 water volume 298:309 water volume of 1:80 (g/mL) 298:324 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 21 theme h. 391:392 arg1 time 381:384 an extraction time 367:384 an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 367:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 6 22 theme mRNA 1419:1422 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 2 23 theme °C 359:360 arg1 temperature 341:351 an extraction temperature 327:351 an extraction temperature of 72 °C 327:360 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 23 theme °C 359:360 arg1 volume 304:309 water volume 298:309 water volume of 1:80 (g/mL) 298:324 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 23 theme °C 359:360 arg1 time 381:384 an extraction time 367:384 an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 367:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 0 24 theme sinensis 7:14 arg1 Polysaccharide 16:29 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide 0:29 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide 0:29 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 6 25 theme Toll-like 1272:1280 arg1 mRNA 1301:1304 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA 1272:1304 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA 1272:1304 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 2 26 theme chromatography 574:587 arg1 column 589:594 the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column 519:594 the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column 519:594 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 4 27 theme d- 913:914 arg1 d-Glucose 928:936 d-Glucose 928:936 d-Glucose 928:936 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 4 27 theme d- 913:914 arg1 -Mannose 918:925 l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose 899:925 l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose 899:925 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 3 28 theme Gel 707:709 arg1 GPC 738:740 GPC 738:740 GPC 738:740 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 3 28 theme Gel 707:709 arg1 Chromatography 722:735 Gel Permeation Chromatography 707:735 Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) 707:741 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 0 29 theme Cereus 0:5 arg1 Polysaccharide 16:29 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide 0:29 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide 0:29 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 2 30 theme cellulose 564:572 arg1 column 589:594 the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column 519:594 the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column 519:594 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 6 31 theme reactive 1490:1497 arg1 ROS 1515:1517 ROS 1515:1517 ROS 1515:1517 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 31 theme reactive 1490:1497 arg1 species 1506:1512 reactive oxygen species 1490:1512 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1490:1529 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 32 theme TRAF-6 1411:1416 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 33 theme differentiation 1315:1329 arg1 factor 1331:1336 myeloid differentiation factor 88 1307:1339 myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA 1307:1352 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 33 theme differentiation 1315:1329 arg1 MyD88 1342:1346 MyD88 1342:1346 MyD88 1342:1346 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 2 34 theme crude 495:499 arg1 polysaccharide 501:514 the crude polysaccharide 491:514 the crude polysaccharide 491:514 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 35 theme Sephadex 600:607 arg1 column 615:620 Sephadex G-100 column 600:620 Sephadex G-100 column 600:620 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 36 theme water 298:302 arg1 volume 304:309 water volume 298:309 water volume of 1:80 (g/mL) 298:324 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 6 37 theme mRNA 1349:1352 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 38 theme THP-1 1454:1458 arg1 cells 1460:1464 the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1438:1464 the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1438:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 3 39 theme Permeation 711:720 arg1 GPC 738:740 GPC 738:740 GPC 738:740 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 3 39 theme Permeation 711:720 arg1 Chromatography 722:735 Gel Permeation Chromatography 707:735 Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) 707:741 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 6 40 theme factor-6 1401:1408 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 1 41 theme response 201:208 arg1 methodology 218:228 response surface methodology 201:228 response surface methodology 201:228 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 0 42 theme Immunomodulatory 39:54 arg1 Properties 56:65 Its Immunomodulatory Properties 35:65 Its Immunomodulatory Properties 35:65 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 4 43 theme l- 899:900 arg1 d-Glucose 928:936 d-Glucose 928:936 d-Glucose 928:936 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 4 43 theme l- 899:900 arg1 -Mannose 918:925 l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose 899:925 l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose 899:925 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 2 44 theme extraction 243:252 arg1 conditions 254:263 The optimum extraction conditions 231:263 The optimum extraction conditions 231:263 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 6 45 theme receptor-associated 1381:1399 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 1 46 theme surface 210:216 arg1 methodology 218:228 response surface methodology 201:228 response surface methodology 201:228 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 2 47 theme purified 402:409 arg1 polysaccharide 411:424 a purified polysaccharide 400:424 a purified polysaccharide 400:424 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 3 48 theme Gas 747:749 arg1 GS-MS 785:789 GS-MS 785:789 GS-MS 785:789 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 3 48 theme Gas 747:749 arg1 Spectrometer 771:782 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer 747:782 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS) 747:790 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 6 49 theme mRNA 1301:1304 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 2 50 theme optimum 235:241 arg1 conditions 254:263 The optimum extraction conditions 231:263 The optimum extraction conditions 231:263 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 3 51 theme Chromatography-Mass 751:769 arg1 GS-MS 785:789 GS-MS 785:789 GS-MS 785:789 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 3 51 theme Chromatography-Mass 751:769 arg1 Spectrometer 771:782 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer 747:782 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS) 747:790 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 2 52 theme Diethylaminoethyl 523:539 arg1 column 589:594 the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column 519:594 the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column 519:594 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 0 53 theme Human 70:74 arg1 Cells 86:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 6 54 theme factor 1331:1336 arg1 mRNA 1349:1352 myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA 1307:1352 myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA 1307:1352 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 55 theme TLR-4 1294:1298 arg1 mRNA 1301:1304 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA 1272:1304 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA 1272:1304 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 5 56 theme immunomodulatory 1014:1029 arg1 activities 1031:1040 The immunomodulatory activities 1010:1040 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 1010:1049 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells. 28524080 1 57 theme extraction 112:121 arg1 conditions 123:132 the extraction conditions 108:132 the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis 108:181 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 6 58 theme factor 1374:1379 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 5 59 theme CSP-1 1045:1049 arg1 activities 1031:1040 The immunomodulatory activities 1010:1040 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 1010:1049 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells. 28524080 4 60 theme Da 880:881 arg1 weight 863:868 an average molecular weight 842:868 an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da 842:881 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 28524080 6 61 theme species 1506:1512 arg1 generation 1520:1529 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1490:1529 reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 1490:1529 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 62 theme LPS-induced 1212:1222 arg1 toxicity 1224:1231 LPS-induced toxicity 1212:1231 LPS-induced toxicity 1212:1231 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 63 theme necrosis 1365:1372 arg1 factor 1374:1379 tumour necrosis factor 1358:1379 tumour necrosis factor 1358:1379 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 5 64 theme -induced 1101:1108 arg1 cells 1134:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells. 28524080 6 65 theme cells 1460:1464 arg1 expression 1424:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression 1268:1433 the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1268:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 2 66 theme extraction 330:339 arg1 temperature 341:351 an extraction temperature 327:351 an extraction temperature of 72 °C 327:360 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 6 67 theme tumour 1358:1363 arg1 factor 1374:1379 tumour necrosis factor 1358:1379 tumour necrosis factor 1358:1379 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 5 68 theme human 1110:1114 arg1 cells 1134:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells. 28524080 0 69 theme Monocytic 76:84 arg1 Cells 86:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Human Monocytic Cells 70:90 Cereus sinensis Polysaccharide and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Human Monocytic Cells. 28524080 3 70 theme molecular 627:635 arg1 weight 637:642 The molecular weight 623:642 The molecular weight 623:642 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of CSP-1 was determined through Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GS-MS), respectively. 28524080 5 71 theme THP-1 1127:1131 arg1 cells 1134:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells. 28524080 5 72 theme monocytic 1116:1124 arg1 cells 1134:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells 1077:1138 The immunomodulatory activities of CSP-1 were also evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human monocytic (THP-1) cells. 28524080 2 73 theme sinensis 439:446 arg1 CSP-1 466:470 CSP-1 466:470 CSP-1 466:470 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 2 73 theme sinensis 439:446 arg1 polysaccharide-1 448:463 Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 432:463 Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) 432:471 The optimum extraction conditions were: a ratio of raw material to water volume of 1:80 (g/mL); an extraction temperature of 72 °C; and an extraction time of 3 h. Then, a purified polysaccharide named Cereus sinensis polysaccharide-1 (CSP-1) was obtained from the crude polysaccharide by the Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatography column and Sephadex G-100 column. 28524080 6 74 theme myeloid 1307:1313 arg1 factor 1331:1336 myeloid differentiation factor 88 1307:1339 myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA 1307:1352 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 74 theme myeloid 1307:1313 arg1 MyD88 1342:1346 MyD88 1342:1346 MyD88 1342:1346 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 6 75 theme LPS-induced 1442:1452 arg1 cells 1460:1464 the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1438:1464 the LPS-induced THP-1 cells 1438:1464 The results demonstrated that CSP-1 dose-dependently protected against LPS-induced toxicity, and CSP-1 significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) mRNA, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6) mRNA expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells, as well as suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. 28524080 1 76 theme crude 141:145 arg1 polysaccharide 147:160 the crude polysaccharide 137:160 the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis 137:181 In this study, the extraction conditions of the crude polysaccharide from Cereus sinensis were optimized by response surface methodology. 28524080 4 77 with CSP-1 831:835 arg1 weight 863:868 an average molecular weight 842:868 an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da 842:881 The results showed that CSP-1 with an average molecular weight of 56,335 Da was composed of l-(-)-Fucose, d-(+)-Mannose, d-Glucose and mainly possessed 1→2, 1→2, 6, 1→4, and 1→4, 6 of glycosyl linkages. 27481155 0 0 theme Compound 96:103 arg1 Production 105:114 Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production 61:114 Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 61:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 4 1 theme first 932:936 arg1 time 938:941 the first time 928:941 the first time 928:941 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 5 2 theme culture 1098:1104 arg1 medium 1106:1111 the culture medium 1094:1111 the culture medium 1094:1111 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 3 3 theme ± 820:820 arg1 g/L 827:829 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L 814:829 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L 814:829 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 0 4 theme Bioactive 86:94 arg1 Compound 96:103 Bioactive Compound 86:103 Bioactive Compound 86:103 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 1 5 theme life-debilitating 344:360 arg1 diseases 362:369 life-debilitating diseases 344:369 life-debilitating diseases 344:369 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 5 6 theme cultivation 1264:1274 arg1 days 1256:1259 7 and 6 days 1248:1259 7 and 6 days of cultivation 1248:1274 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 3 7 theme 0.23 842:845 arg1 ± 840:840 ± 840:840 ± 840:840 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 1 8 theme available 256:264 arg1 drugs 266:270 commercially available drugs 243:270 commercially available drugs 243:270 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 1 9 dep discovery 277:285 arg1 the 273:275 the 273:275 the 273:275 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 5 10 theme ± 1216:1216 arg1 mg/L 1223:1226 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1209:1226 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1209:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 1 11 theme drugs 266:270 arg1 use 236:238 long-term use 226:238 long-term use of commercially available drugs 226:270 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 3 12 theme maximum 683:689 arg1 biomass 700:706 the maximum mycelial biomass 679:706 the maximum mycelial biomass 679:706 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 3 13 from g/L 847:849 arg1 medium 864:869 the basal medium 854:869 the basal medium 854:869 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 3 14 theme 22.65 814:818 arg1 g/L 827:829 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L 814:829 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L 814:829 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 3 15 theme exopolysaccharide 712:728 arg1 production 730:739 exopolysaccharide production 712:739 exopolysaccharide production 712:739 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 4 16 dep both 972:975 arg1 intra- 977:982 intra- 977:982 intra- 977:982 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 4 17 theme adenosine 961:969 arg1 production 947:956 the production 943:956 the production of adenosine 943:969 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 3 18 theme basal 858:862 arg1 medium 864:869 the basal medium 854:869 the basal medium 854:869 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 2 19 theme present 398:404 arg1 study 406:410 the present study 394:410 the present study 394:410 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 2 20 theme maximum 456:462 arg1 production 505:514 maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production 456:514 maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus 456:536 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 2 21 theme compounds 495:503 arg1 production 505:514 maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production 456:514 maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus 456:536 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 5 22 theme highest 1118:1124 arg1 concentrations 1168:1181 intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations 1126:1181 the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1114:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 3 23 from g/L 827:829 arg1 medium 864:869 the basal medium 854:869 the basal medium 854:869 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 2 24 theme central 596:602 arg1 design 614:619 a central composite design 594:619 a central composite design 594:619 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 3 25 theme mycelial 691:698 arg1 biomass 700:706 the maximum mycelial biomass 679:706 the maximum mycelial biomass 679:706 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 0 26 theme Nutrient 0:7 arg1 Optimization 9:20 Nutrient Optimization 0:20 Nutrient Optimization 0:20 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 0 27 theme Response 28:35 arg1 Methodology 45:55 Response Surface Methodology 28:55 Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 28:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 0 28 theme Medicinal 131:139 arg1 Mushroom 141:148 Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom 119:148 Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom 119:148 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 0 28 theme Medicinal 131:139 arg1 erinaceus 160:168 Hericium erinaceus 151:168 Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 151:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 3 29 theme cultivation 888:898 arg1 days 880:883 7 days 878:883 7 days of cultivation 878:898 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 2 30 theme medium 433:438 arg1 composition 440:450 medium composition 433:450 medium composition 433:450 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 3 31 theme ± 754:754 arg1 g/L 761:763 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L 749:783 g/L 761:763 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 0 32 theme Mane 126:129 arg1 Mushroom 141:148 Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom 119:148 Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom 119:148 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 0 32 theme Mane 126:129 arg1 erinaceus 160:168 Hericium erinaceus 151:168 Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 151:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 2 33 theme biomass 473:479 arg1 production 505:514 maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production 456:514 maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus 456:536 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 1 34 theme unpleasant 199:208 arg1 effects 215:221 the unpleasant side effects 195:221 the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs 195:270 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 2 35 theme bioactive 485:493 arg1 compounds 495:503 bioactive compounds 485:503 bioactive compounds 485:503 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 5 36 theme intracellular 1126:1138 arg1 concentrations 1168:1181 intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations 1126:1181 the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1114:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 2 37 theme surface 565:571 arg1 methodology 573:583 response surface methodology 556:583 response surface methodology based on a central composite design 556:619 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 4 38 theme submerged 1007:1015 arg1 cultures 1017:1024 submerged cultures 1007:1024 submerged cultures of H. erinaceus 1007:1040 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 1 39 theme side 210:213 arg1 effects 215:221 the unpleasant side effects 195:221 the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs 195:270 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 0 40 theme Surface 37:43 arg1 Methodology 45:55 Response Surface Methodology 28:55 Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 28:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 2 41 theme response 556:563 arg1 methodology 573:583 response surface methodology 556:583 response surface methodology based on a central composite design 556:619 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 2 42 theme composition 440:450 arg1 optimization 417:428 the optimization 413:428 the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus 413:536 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 3 43 theme ± 774:774 arg1 g/L 781:783 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L 749:783 g/L 781:783 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 0 44 theme Simultaneous 61:72 arg1 Biomass 74:80 Simultaneous Biomass 61:80 Simultaneous Biomass 61:80 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 1 45 theme natural 306:312 arg1 agents 326:331 natural therapeutic agents 306:331 natural therapeutic agents 306:331 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 2 46 theme composite 604:612 arg1 design 614:619 a central composite design 594:619 a central composite design 594:619 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 2 47 theme mycelial 464:471 arg1 biomass 473:479 mycelial biomass 464:479 mycelial biomass 464:479 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 1 48 theme therapeutic 314:324 arg1 agents 326:331 natural therapeutic agents 306:331 natural therapeutic agents 306:331 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 0 49 theme Hericium 151:158 arg1 Mushroom 141:148 Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom 119:148 Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom 119:148 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 0 49 theme Hericium 151:158 arg1 erinaceus 160:168 Hericium erinaceus 151:168 Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 151:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 0 49 theme Hericium 151:158 arg1 Agaricomycetes 171:184 Agaricomycetes 171:184 Agaricomycetes 171:184 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 3 50 theme 1.56 835:838 arg1 ± 840:840 ± 840:840 ± 840:840 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 1 51 theme agents 326:331 arg1 development 291:301 development 291:301 development 291:301 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 1 51 theme agents 326:331 arg1 discovery 277:285 discovery 277:285 discovery 277:285 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 5 52 theme adenosine 1158:1166 arg1 concentrations 1168:1181 intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations 1126:1181 the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1114:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 5 53 theme mg/L 1223:1226 arg1 concentrations 1168:1181 intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations 1126:1181 the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1114:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 4 54 dep report 917:922 arg1 both 972:975 both 972:975 both 972:975 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 4 54 dep report 917:922 arg1 cultures 1017:1024 submerged cultures 1007:1024 submerged cultures of H. erinaceus 1007:1040 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 3 55 theme ± 671:671 arg1 pH 660:661 a pH 658:661 a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28 658:676 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 4 56 theme erinaceus 1032:1040 arg1 cultures 1017:1024 submerged cultures 1007:1024 submerged cultures of H. erinaceus 1007:1040 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 1 57 theme long-term 226:234 arg1 use 236:238 long-term use 226:238 long-term use of commercially available drugs 226:270 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 2 58 theme Hericium 519:526 arg1 erinaceus 528:536 Hericium erinaceus 519:536 Hericium erinaceus 519:536 In the present study, the optimization of medium composition for maximum mycelial biomass and bioactive compounds production by Hericium erinaceus was studied using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. 27481155 3 59 theme optimal 632:638 arg1 conditions 640:649 the optimal conditions 628:649 the optimal conditions 628:649 Under the optimal conditions and at a pH of 5.41 ± 0.28, the maximum mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharide production reached 25.0 ± 1.38 g/L and 1.73 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively, compared with 22.65 ± 0.10 g/L and 1.56 ± 0.23 g/L in the basal medium, after 7 days of cultivation. 27481155 4 60 theme H. 1029:1030 arg1 erinaceus 1032:1040 H. erinaceus 1029:1040 H. erinaceus 1029:1040 Furthermore, we report for the first time the production of adenosine, both intra- and extracellularly in submerged cultures of H. erinaceus. 27481155 1 61 theme use 236:238 arg1 effects 215:221 the unpleasant side effects 195:221 the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs 195:270 Due to the unpleasant side effects of long-term use of commercially available drugs, the discovery and development of natural therapeutic agents to prevent life-debilitating diseases is urgently needed. 27481155 0 62 theme Biomass 74:80 arg1 Production 105:114 Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production 61:114 Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes) 61:185 Nutrient Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology for Simultaneous Biomass and Bioactive Compound Production by Lion's Mane Medicinal Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Agaricomycetes). 27481155 5 63 theme ± 1193:1193 arg1 mg/L 1200:1203 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L 1186:1203 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L 1186:1203 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 5 64 theme mg/L 1200:1203 arg1 concentrations 1168:1181 intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations 1126:1181 the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1114:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27481155 5 65 theme extracellular 1144:1156 arg1 concentrations 1168:1181 intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations 1126:1181 the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L 1114:1226 Although most of the adenosine detected existed in the culture medium, the highest intracellular and extracellular adenosine concentrations of 150.84 ± 1.87 mg/L and 142.48 ± 3.78 mg/L were achieved after 7 and 6 days of cultivation, respectively. 27842830 4 0 theme 0.005M 671:676 arg1 NaCl 722:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 4 0 theme 0.005M 671:676 arg1 solution 695:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution 671:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl) 671:726 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 1 1 theme middle 154:159 arg1 segments 171:178 the apical, middle and basal segments 142:178 the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba 142:192 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 1 2 attach isolated 128:135 arg1 segments 171:178 the apical, middle and basal segments 142:178 the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba 142:192 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 1 2 attach isolated 128:135 arg2 hemicelluloses 108:121 hemicelluloses 108:121 hemicelluloses 108:121 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 2 3 theme FTIR 394:397 arg1 combination 368:378 a combination 366:378 a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques 366:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 5 4 theme segment 759:765 arg1 stems 767:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 0 5 from cadamba 53:59 arg1 hemicelluloses 20:33 hemicelluloses 20:33 hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis 20:90 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 27842830 0 5 from cadamba 53:59 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 0:91 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 27842830 2 6 theme structural 256:265 arg1 characterization 267:282 structural characterization 256:282 structural characterization 256:282 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 1 7 theme basal 165:169 arg1 segments 171:178 the apical, middle and basal segments 142:178 the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba 142:192 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 2 8 theme techniques 425:434 arg1 combination 368:378 a combination 366:378 a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques 366:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 4 9 theme 0.02N 716:720 arg1 NaCl 722:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 4 9 theme 0.02N 716:720 arg1 solution 695:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution 671:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl) 671:726 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 2 10 theme GPC 389:391 arg1 combination 368:378 a combination 366:378 a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques 366:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 2 11 theme TGA 421:423 arg1 techniques 425:434 TGA techniques 421:434 TGA techniques 421:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 2 12 theme fractions 312:320 arg1 composition 240:250 Chemical composition 231:250 Chemical composition 231:250 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 2 12 theme fractions 312:320 arg1 characterization 267:282 structural characterization 256:282 structural characterization 256:282 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 5 13 theme higher 777:782 arg1 weights 794:800 higher molecular weights 777:800 higher molecular weights 777:800 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 4 14 theme containing 705:714 arg1 NaCl 722:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 4 14 theme containing 705:714 arg1 solution 695:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution 671:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl) 671:726 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 2 15 theme hemicellulosic 297:310 arg1 fractions 312:320 the three hemicellulosic fractions 287:320 the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained 287:329 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 2 16 theme HSQC 408:411 arg1 NMR 413:415 HSQC NMR 408:415 HSQC NMR 408:415 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 2 17 theme NMR 413:415 arg1 combination 368:378 a combination 366:378 a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques 366:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 1 18 theme cadamba 186:192 arg1 segments 171:178 the apical, middle and basal segments 142:178 the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba 142:192 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 5 19 theme middle 742:747 arg1 stems 767:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 4 20 theme sodium 678:683 arg1 NaCl 722:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 4 20 theme sodium 678:683 arg1 solution 695:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution 671:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl) 671:726 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 2 21 theme 1H,13C 400:405 arg1 combination 368:378 a combination 366:378 a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques 366:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 6 22 theme molecular 902:910 arg1 weight 912:917 molecular weight 902:917 molecular weight 902:917 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 6 23 from xylogenesis 833:843 arg1 cadamba 851:857 N. cadamba 848:857 N. cadamba 848:857 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 5 24 contain had 773:775 arg1 Xylan 729:733 Xylan 729:733 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems 729:771 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 5 24 contain had 773:775 arg2 weights 794:800 higher molecular weights 777:800 higher molecular weights 777:800 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 3 25 theme trace 580:584 arg1 levels 586:591 trace levels 580:591 trace levels of mannan 580:601 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 5 26 theme basal 753:757 arg1 stems 767:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 6 27 theme N. 848:849 arg1 cadamba 851:857 N. cadamba 848:857 N. cadamba 848:857 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 4 28 theme phosphate 685:693 arg1 NaCl 722:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 containing 0.02N NaCl 705:725 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 4 28 theme phosphate 685:693 arg1 solution 695:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution 671:702 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl) 671:726 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 0 29 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 cadamba 53:59 cadamba 53:59 cadamba 53:59 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 27842830 0 29 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Rubiaceae 62:70 Rubiaceae 62:70 Rubiaceae 62:70 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 27842830 3 30 theme spectral 473:480 arg1 results 482:488 the sugar analysis and spectral results 450:488 results 482:488 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 6 31 theme xylan 884:888 arg1 content 890:896 xylan content 884:896 xylan content 884:896 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 3 32 theme mannan 596:601 arg1 levels 586:591 trace levels 580:591 trace levels of mannan 580:601 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 4 33 theme spherical 649:657 arg1 polymers 659:666 spherical polymers 649:666 spherical polymers 649:666 All of the three samples showed spherical polymers in 0.005M sodium phosphate solution (containing 0.02N NaCl). 27842830 3 34 theme sugar 454:458 arg1 analysis 460:467 the sugar analysis and spectral results 450:488 analysis 460:467 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 3 35 theme primary 527:533 arg1 hemicellulose 535:547 the primary hemicellulose 523:547 the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan 523:601 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 3 35 theme primary 527:533 arg1 glucuronoxylan 504:517 (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan 491:517 (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan 491:517 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 1 36 theme 2N 202:203 arg1 procedure 220:228 a 2N KOH extraction procedure 200:228 a 2N KOH extraction procedure 200:228 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 6 37 located observed 872:879 arg1 content 890:896 xylan content 884:896 xylan content 884:896 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 6 37 located observed 872:879 arg1 weight 912:917 molecular weight 902:917 molecular weight 902:917 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 6 37 located observed 872:879 arg2 changes 860:866 changes 860:866 changes 860:866 Our findings show that during xylogenesis in N. cadamba, changes are observed in xylan content and molecular weight. 27842830 5 38 theme molecular 784:792 arg1 weights 794:800 higher molecular weights 777:800 higher molecular weights 777:800 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 3 39 theme 4-O-methyl 492:501 arg1 hemicellulose 535:547 the primary hemicellulose 523:547 the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan 523:601 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 3 39 theme 4-O-methyl 492:501 arg1 glucuronoxylan 504:517 (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan 491:517 (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan 491:517 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 3 40 dep present 608:614 arg1 hemicellulose 535:547 the primary hemicellulose 523:547 the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan 523:601 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 3 40 dep present 608:614 arg1 glucuronoxylan 504:517 (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan 491:517 (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan 491:517 According to the sugar analysis and spectral results, (4-O-methyl) glucuronoxylan was the primary hemicellulose identified in the samples with trace levels of mannan also present. 27842830 1 41 theme KOH 205:207 arg1 procedure 220:228 a 2N KOH extraction procedure 200:228 a 2N KOH extraction procedure 200:228 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 5 42 from Xylan 729:733 arg1 stems 767:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 the middle and basal segment stems 738:771 Xylan in the middle and basal segment stems had higher molecular weights. 27842830 2 43 theme Chemical 231:238 arg1 composition 240:250 Chemical composition 231:250 Chemical composition 231:250 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 1 44 theme N. 183:184 arg1 cadamba 186:192 N. cadamba 183:192 N. cadamba 183:192 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 2 45 theme HPLC 383:386 arg1 combination 368:378 a combination 366:378 a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques 366:434 Chemical composition and structural characterization of the three hemicellulosic fractions obtained were comparatively investigated by a combination of HPLC, GPC, FTIR, 1H,13C, HSQC NMR and TGA techniques. 27842830 1 46 theme extraction 209:218 arg1 procedure 220:228 a 2N KOH extraction procedure 200:228 a 2N KOH extraction procedure 200:228 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 27842830 0 47 theme hemicelluloses 20:33 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 0:91 Characterization of hemicelluloses from Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) during xylogenesis. 27842830 1 48 theme apical 146:151 arg1 segments 171:178 the apical, middle and basal segments 142:178 the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba 142:192 In this study, hemicelluloses were isolated from the apical, middle and basal segments of N. cadamba using a 2N KOH extraction procedure. 24530286 0 0 theme weight 106:111 arg1 heparins 113:120 low molecular weight heparins 92:120 low molecular weight heparins 92:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 3 1 theme high-performance 462:477 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 1 2 theme important 165:173 arg1 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 2 theme important 165:173 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 0 3 theme molecular 96:104 arg1 heparins 113:120 low molecular weight heparins 92:120 low molecular weight heparins 92:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 5 4 theme many 894:897 arg1 structures 914:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 4 theme many 894:897 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 4 theme many 894:897 arg1 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 4 theme many 894:897 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 5 from end 1023:1025 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 5 from end 1023:1025 arg1 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 5 from end 1023:1025 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 2 6 theme modified 375:382 arg1 blocks 393:398 their natural and modified building blocks 357:398 their natural and modified building blocks 357:398 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 4 7 theme structural 683:692 arg1 motifs 694:699 the structural motifs 679:699 the structural motifs constructing LMWHs, including 17 components from dalteparin and 15 components from enoxaparin, 679:794 After being exhaustively digested and labeled with 2-aminoacridone, the structural motifs constructing LMWHs, including 17 components from dalteparin and 15 components from enoxaparin, were well separated, identified, and quantified. 24530286 2 8 theme LMWHs 315:319 arg1 composition 300:310 composition 300:310 composition 300:310 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 2 8 theme LMWHs 315:319 arg1 structure 286:294 structure 286:294 structure 286:294 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 1 9 theme artificial 175:184 arg1 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 9 theme artificial 175:184 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 0 10 theme heparins 113:120 arg1 analysis 80:87 compositional analysis 66:87 compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins 66:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 5 11 from enoxaparin 945:954 arg1 structures 914:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 11 from enoxaparin 945:954 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 11 from enoxaparin 945:954 arg1 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 11 from enoxaparin 945:954 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 2 12 theme building 384:391 arg1 blocks 393:398 their natural and modified building blocks 357:398 their natural and modified building blocks 357:398 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 6 13 theme lyase 1382:1386 arg1 digests 1388:1394 lyase digests 1382:1394 lyase digests of LMWHs 1382:1403 Compared with the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods, the approach described here is not only robust but also comprehensive because it is capable of identifying and quantifying nearly all components from lyase digests of LMWHs. 24530286 5 14 theme 3-O-sulfated 1028:1039 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 2 15 dep structure 286:294 arg1 the 282:284 the 282:284 the 282:284 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 3 16 theme chromatography-diode 486:505 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 5 17 from dalteparin 930:939 arg1 structures 914:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 17 from dalteparin 930:939 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 17 from dalteparin 930:939 arg1 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 17 from dalteparin 930:939 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 3 18 theme novel 441:445 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 3 19 theme array 507:511 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 0 20 theme chromatography-diode 7:26 arg1 spectrometry 49:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry 0:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins 0:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 5 21 theme natural 863:869 arg1 disaccharides 879:891 the eight natural heparin disaccharides 853:891 the eight natural heparin disaccharides 853:891 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 6 22 theme analysis 1214:1221 arg1 methods 1223:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 Compared with the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods, the approach described here is not only robust but also comprehensive because it is capable of identifying and quantifying nearly all components from lyase digests of LMWHs. 24530286 1 23 theme heparin 204:210 arg1 polysaccharide 212:225 heparin polysaccharide 204:225 heparin polysaccharide 204:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 0 24 theme Liquid 0:5 arg1 spectrometry 49:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry 0:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins 0:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 6 25 theme heparin 1192:1198 arg1 methods 1223:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 Compared with the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods, the approach described here is not only robust but also comprehensive because it is capable of identifying and quantifying nearly all components from lyase digests of LMWHs. 24530286 3 26 theme liquid 479:484 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 0 27 theme detection-mass 34:47 arg1 spectrometry 49:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry 0:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins 0:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 1 28 theme Low 123:125 arg1 drugs 264:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 28 theme Low 123:125 arg1 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 28 theme Low 123:125 arg1 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 28 theme Low 123:125 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 5 29 theme mass 1148:1151 arg1 spectra 1153:1159 mass spectra 1148:1159 mass spectra 1148:1159 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 3 30 theme spectrometry 552:563 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 0 31 theme array 28:32 arg1 spectrometry 49:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry 0:60 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins 0:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 1 32 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 drugs 264:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 32 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 32 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 32 theme molecular 127:135 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 4 33 from dalteparin 750:759 arg1 components 768:777 15 components 765:777 15 components from enoxaparin 765:793 After being exhaustively digested and labeled with 2-aminoacridone, the structural motifs constructing LMWHs, including 17 components from dalteparin and 15 components from enoxaparin, were well separated, identified, and quantified. 24530286 4 33 from dalteparin 750:759 arg1 components 734:743 17 components 731:743 17 components from dalteparin 731:759 After being exhaustively digested and labeled with 2-aminoacridone, the structural motifs constructing LMWHs, including 17 components from dalteparin and 15 components from enoxaparin, were well separated, identified, and quantified. 24530286 6 34 theme traditional 1180:1190 arg1 methods 1223:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 Compared with the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods, the approach described here is not only robust but also comprehensive because it is capable of identifying and quantifying nearly all components from lyase digests of LMWHs. 24530286 3 35 theme LMWHs 604:608 arg1 analysis 592:599 compositional analysis 578:599 compositional analysis of LMWHs 578:608 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 4 36 from enoxaparin 784:793 arg1 components 768:777 15 components 765:777 15 components from enoxaparin 765:793 After being exhaustively digested and labeled with 2-aminoacridone, the structural motifs constructing LMWHs, including 17 components from dalteparin and 15 components from enoxaparin, were well separated, identified, and quantified. 24530286 4 36 from enoxaparin 784:793 arg1 components 734:743 17 components 731:743 17 components from dalteparin 731:759 After being exhaustively digested and labeled with 2-aminoacridone, the structural motifs constructing LMWHs, including 17 components from dalteparin and 15 components from enoxaparin, were well separated, identified, and quantified. 24530286 5 37 theme modified 965:972 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 1 38 used used 242:245 arg2 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 38 used used 242:245 arg2 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 38 used used 242:245 arg2 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 38 used used 242:245 arg2 drugs 264:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 6 39 theme compositional 1200:1212 arg1 methods 1223:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods 1176:1229 Compared with the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods, the approach described here is not only robust but also comprehensive because it is capable of identifying and quantifying nearly all components from lyase digests of LMWHs. 24530286 3 40 theme detection-electrospray 513:534 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 3 41 theme reversed-phase 447:460 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 5 42 theme reducing 994:1001 arg1 end 1003:1005 the reducing end 990:1005 the reducing end 990:1005 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 3 43 theme ionization-mass 536:550 arg1 approach 565:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach 439:572 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 5 44 from end 1003:1005 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 44 from end 1003:1005 arg1 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 44 from end 1003:1005 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 1 45 theme weight 137:142 arg1 drugs 264:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 45 theme weight 137:142 arg1 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 45 theme weight 137:142 arg1 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 LMWHs 154:158 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 45 theme weight 137:142 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 0 46 theme compositional 66:78 arg1 analysis 80:87 compositional analysis 66:87 compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins 66:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 6 47 theme LMWHs 1399:1403 arg1 digests 1388:1394 lyase digests 1382:1394 lyase digests of LMWHs 1382:1403 Compared with the traditional heparin compositional analysis methods, the approach described here is not only robust but also comprehensive because it is capable of identifying and quantifying nearly all components from lyase digests of LMWHs. 24530286 2 48 theme natural 363:369 arg1 blocks 393:398 their natural and modified building blocks 357:398 their natural and modified building blocks 357:398 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 5 49 theme retention 1129:1137 arg1 time 1139:1142 their retention time 1123:1142 their retention time 1123:1142 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 3 50 theme compositional 578:590 arg1 analysis 592:599 compositional analysis 578:599 compositional analysis of LMWHs 578:608 We have established a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry approach for compositional analysis of LMWHs. 24530286 1 51 theme anticoagulant 250:262 arg1 drugs 264:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 anticoagulant drugs 250:268 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 51 theme anticoagulant 250:262 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 0 52 theme low 92:94 arg1 heparins 113:120 low molecular weight heparins 92:120 low molecular weight heparins 92:120 Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins. 24530286 1 53 from polysaccharide 212:225 arg1 preparations 186:197 important artificial preparations 165:197 important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide 165:225 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 1 53 from polysaccharide 212:225 arg1 heparins 144:151 Low molecular weight heparins 123:151 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) 123:159 Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important artificial preparations from heparin polysaccharide and are widely used as anticoagulant drugs. 24530286 5 54 theme nonreducing 1011:1021 arg1 end 1023:1025 nonreducing end 1011:1025 nonreducing end 1011:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 55 theme heparin 871:877 arg1 disaccharides 879:891 the eight natural heparin disaccharides 853:891 the eight natural heparin disaccharides 853:891 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 56 theme characteristic 899:912 arg1 structures 914:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 many characteristic structures 894:923 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 56 theme characteristic 899:912 arg1 tetrasaccharides 1041:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides 1028:1056 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 56 theme characteristic 899:912 arg1 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 trisaccharides 1063:1076 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 5 56 theme characteristic 899:912 arg1 structures 974:983 modified structures 965:983 modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end 965:1025 Besides the eight natural heparin disaccharides, many characteristic structures from dalteparin and enoxaparin, such as modified structures from the reducing end and nonreducing end, 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides, and trisaccharides, have been unambiguously identified based on their retention time and mass spectra. 24530286 2 57 theme blocks 393:398 arg1 identification 322:335 identification 322:335 identification 322:335 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 24530286 2 57 theme blocks 393:398 arg1 quantitation 341:352 quantitation 341:352 quantitation 341:352 To analyze the structure and composition of LMWHs, identification and quantitation of their natural and modified building blocks are indispensable. 27422043 11 0 theme functional 1553:1562 arg1 food 1564:1567 a functional food 1551:1567 a functional food 1551:1567 The results exhibited that the polysaccharides can be explored as a novel natural antioxidant and can be recommended as a functional food. 27422043 11 0 theme functional 1553:1562 arg1 polysaccharides 1462:1476 the polysaccharides 1458:1476 the polysaccharides 1458:1476 The results exhibited that the polysaccharides can be explored as a novel natural antioxidant and can be recommended as a functional food. 27422043 7 1 theme flow 956:959 arg1 property 961:968 the good flow property 947:968 the good flow property 947:968 The Hausner's ratio and Carr's index confirm the good flow property and compressibility of the polysaccharides. 27422043 1 2 theme fruiting 163:170 arg1 bodies 172:177 the dried fruiting bodies 153:177 the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol 153:218 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 10 3 theme molybdenum 1388:1397 arg1 assay 1399:1403 DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay 1374:1403 assay 1399:1403 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 6 4 theme bulk 812:815 arg1 density 817:823 a bulk density 810:823 a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 810:886 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 8 5 theme Pithecellobium 1049:1062 arg1 fruits 1070:1075 Pithecellobium dulce fruits 1049:1075 Pithecellobium dulce fruits 1049:1075 The polysaccharides extracted from Pithecellobium dulce fruits were tested for its application as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 3 6 theme compositional 485:497 arg1 analysis 499:506 its compositional analysis 481:506 its compositional analysis 481:506 These isolated compounds were subjected to acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR and GC-MS for its compositional analysis and revealed that all the three fractions are heteropolysaccharides. 27422043 2 7 theme exchange 295:302 arg1 chromatography 304:317 ion exchange chromatography 291:317 ion exchange chromatography 291:317 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 9 8 dep in 1143:1144 arg1 vitro 1146:1150 vitro 1146:1150 vitro 1146:1150 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 6 9 contain possessed 800:808 arg2 density 817:823 a bulk density 810:823 a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 810:886 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 6 9 contain possessed 800:808 arg1 properties 756:765 The micromeretic properties 739:765 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides 739:798 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 2 10 theme ion 291:293 arg1 chromatography 304:317 ion exchange chromatography 291:317 ion exchange chromatography 291:317 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 10 11 theme isolated 1293:1300 arg1 polysaccharides 1302:1316 the three isolated polysaccharides 1283:1316 the three isolated polysaccharides 1283:1316 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 1 12 theme Pithecellobium 182:195 arg1 dulce 197:201 Pithecellobium dulce 182:201 Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol 182:218 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 6 13 theme polysaccharides 784:798 arg1 properties 756:765 The micromeretic properties 739:765 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides 739:798 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 1 14 theme dulce 197:201 arg1 bodies 172:177 the dried fruiting bodies 153:177 the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol 153:218 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 8 15 theme dulce 1064:1068 arg1 fruits 1070:1075 Pithecellobium dulce fruits 1049:1075 Pithecellobium dulce fruits 1049:1075 The polysaccharides extracted from Pithecellobium dulce fruits were tested for its application as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 6 16 theme extracted 774:782 arg1 polysaccharides 784:798 the extracted polysaccharides 770:798 the extracted polysaccharides 770:798 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 2 17 theme water-soluble 336:348 arg1 PDP-2 373:377 PDP-2 373:377 PDP-2 373:377 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 2 17 theme water-soluble 336:348 arg1 PDP-3 384:388 PDP-3 384:388 PDP-3 384:388 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 2 17 theme water-soluble 336:348 arg1 PDP-1 366:370 PDP-1 366:370 PDP-1 366:370 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 2 17 theme water-soluble 336:348 arg1 polysaccharides 350:364 three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 330:388 three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 330:388 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 10 18 theme radical 1340:1346 arg1 activity 1359:1366 its radical scavenging activity 1336:1366 its radical scavenging activity 1336:1366 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 3 19 theme isolated 397:404 arg1 compounds 406:414 These isolated compounds 391:414 These isolated compounds 391:414 These isolated compounds were subjected to acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR and GC-MS for its compositional analysis and revealed that all the three fractions are heteropolysaccharides. 27422043 9 20 theme potential 1219:1227 arg1 polysaccharides 1199:1213 the extracted polysaccharides 1185:1213 the extracted polysaccharides 1185:1213 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 9 20 theme potential 1219:1227 arg1 candidates 1229:1238 potential candidates 1219:1238 potential candidates 1219:1238 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 9 21 theme extracted 1189:1197 arg1 polysaccharides 1199:1213 the extracted polysaccharides 1185:1213 the extracted polysaccharides 1185:1213 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 9 21 theme extracted 1189:1197 arg1 candidates 1229:1238 potential candidates 1219:1238 potential candidates 1219:1238 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 1 22 theme 20 208:209 arg1 % 210:210 % 210:210 % 210:210 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 0 23 theme natural 13:19 arg1 polysaccharides 21:35 natural polysaccharides 13:35 natural polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Pithecellobium 13:79 Screening of natural polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Pithecellobium dulce as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 1 24 theme % 210:210 arg1 ethanol 212:218 20% ethanol 208:218 20% ethanol 208:218 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 0 25 theme polysaccharides 21:35 arg1 Screening 0:8 Screening 0:8 Screening of natural polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Pithecellobium 0:79 Screening of natural polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Pithecellobium dulce as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 10 26 theme DPPH 1374:1377 arg1 assay 1399:1403 DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay 1374:1403 assay 1399:1403 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 1 27 with dulce 197:201 arg1 ethanol 212:218 20% ethanol 208:218 20% ethanol 208:218 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 6 28 theme 0.71g/ml 851:858 arg1 density 817:823 a bulk density 810:823 a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 810:886 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 7 29 theme polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 property 961:968 the good flow property 947:968 the good flow property 947:968 The Hausner's ratio and Carr's index confirm the good flow property and compressibility of the polysaccharides. 27422043 7 29 theme polysaccharides 997:1011 arg1 compressibility 974:988 compressibility 974:988 compressibility 974:988 The Hausner's ratio and Carr's index confirm the good flow property and compressibility of the polysaccharides. 27422043 3 30 theme acid 434:437 arg1 hydrolysis 439:448 acid hydrolysis 434:448 acid hydrolysis 434:448 These isolated compounds were subjected to acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR and GC-MS for its compositional analysis and revealed that all the three fractions are heteropolysaccharides. 27422043 10 31 theme power 1418:1422 arg1 assay 1424:1428 reducing power assay 1409:1428 reducing power assay 1409:1428 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 6 32 theme micromeretic 743:754 arg1 properties 756:765 The micromeretic properties 739:765 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides 739:798 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 6 33 theme 0.65g/ml 838:845 arg1 density 817:823 a bulk density 810:823 a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 810:886 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 9 34 theme in 1143:1144 arg1 study 1165:1169 The in vitro drug release study 1139:1169 The in vitro drug release study 1139:1169 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 2 35 dep polysaccharides 350:364 arg1 PDP-2 373:377 PDP-2 373:377 PDP-2 373:377 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 2 35 dep polysaccharides 350:364 arg1 PDP-3 384:388 PDP-3 384:388 PDP-3 384:388 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 2 35 dep polysaccharides 350:364 arg1 PDP-1 366:370 PDP-1 366:370 PDP-1 366:370 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 2 35 dep polysaccharides 350:364 arg1 polysaccharides 350:364 three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 330:388 three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 330:388 The polysaccharides were isolated by ion exchange chromatography and afford three water-soluble polysaccharides PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3. 27422043 9 36 theme release 1157:1163 arg1 study 1165:1169 The in vitro drug release study 1139:1169 The in vitro drug release study 1139:1169 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 1 37 theme microwave-assisted 223:240 arg1 extraction 242:251 microwave-assisted extraction 223:251 microwave-assisted extraction 223:251 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 27422043 10 38 theme scavenging 1348:1357 arg1 activity 1359:1366 its radical scavenging activity 1336:1366 its radical scavenging activity 1336:1366 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 11 39 theme novel 1499:1503 arg1 antioxidant 1513:1523 a novel natural antioxidant 1497:1523 a novel natural antioxidant 1497:1523 The results exhibited that the polysaccharides can be explored as a novel natural antioxidant and can be recommended as a functional food. 27422043 11 39 theme novel 1499:1503 arg1 polysaccharides 1462:1476 the polysaccharides 1458:1476 the polysaccharides 1458:1476 The results exhibited that the polysaccharides can be explored as a novel natural antioxidant and can be recommended as a functional food. 27422043 10 40 dep assay 1399:1403 arg1 phospho 1380:1386 DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay 1374:1403 phospho 1380:1386 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 0 41 theme Pithecellobium 66:79 arg1 fruits 56:61 the fruits 52:61 the fruits of Pithecellobium 52:79 Screening of natural polysaccharides extracted from the fruits of Pithecellobium dulce as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 6 42 theme 0.69g/ml 828:835 arg1 density 817:823 a bulk density 810:823 a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 810:886 The micromeretic properties of the extracted polysaccharides possessed a bulk density of 0.69g/ml, 0.65g/ml and 0.71g/ml for PDP-1, PDP-2, and PDP-3 respectively. 27422043 9 43 theme drug 1152:1155 arg1 study 1165:1169 The in vitro drug release study 1139:1169 The in vitro drug release study 1139:1169 The in vitro drug release study suggests that the extracted polysaccharides are potential candidates as a pharmaceutical adjuvant. 27422043 10 44 theme reducing 1409:1416 arg1 assay 1424:1428 reducing power assay 1409:1428 reducing power assay 1409:1428 Furthermore, the three isolated polysaccharides were subjected to its radical scavenging activity using DPPH, phospho molybdenum assay and reducing power assay. 27422043 11 45 theme natural 1505:1511 arg1 antioxidant 1513:1523 a novel natural antioxidant 1497:1523 a novel natural antioxidant 1497:1523 The results exhibited that the polysaccharides can be explored as a novel natural antioxidant and can be recommended as a functional food. 27422043 11 45 theme natural 1505:1511 arg1 polysaccharides 1462:1476 the polysaccharides 1458:1476 the polysaccharides 1458:1476 The results exhibited that the polysaccharides can be explored as a novel natural antioxidant and can be recommended as a functional food. 27422043 7 46 theme good 951:954 arg1 property 961:968 the good flow property 947:968 the good flow property 947:968 The Hausner's ratio and Carr's index confirm the good flow property and compressibility of the polysaccharides. 27422043 1 47 theme dried 157:161 arg1 bodies 172:177 the dried fruiting bodies 153:177 the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol 153:218 Polysaccharides were extracted from the dried fruiting bodies of Pithecellobium dulce with 20% ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction. 26831424 4 0 theme stem 818:821 arg1 hMSCs 830:834 hMSCs 830:834 hMSCs 830:834 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 0 theme stem 818:821 arg1 cells 823:827 human mesenchymal stem cells 800:827 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 800:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 5 1 dep composites 984:993 arg1 composites 984:993 composites 984:993 composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) 984:1121 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 5 1 dep composites 984:993 arg1 30CHT/HAP/PCL 1007:1019 30CHT/HAP/PCL 1007:1019 30CHT/HAP/PCL 1007:1019 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 5 1 dep composites 984:993 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds 1025:1047 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) 1025:1099 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 5 1 dep composites 984:993 arg1 40CHT/HAP 996:1004 40CHT/HAP 996:1004 40CHT/HAP 996:1004 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 2 2 theme limited 349:355 arg1 supply 357:362 limited supply 349:362 limited supply 349:362 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 2 2 theme limited 349:355 arg1 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 8 3 theme mesenchymal 1586:1596 arg1 attachment 1608:1617 mesenchymal stem cell attachment 1586:1617 mesenchymal stem cell attachment 1586:1617 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 4 dep visible 1657:1663 arg1 [3- 1682:1684 [3- 1682:1684 [3- 1682:1684 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 5 theme phosphatase 1768:1778 arg1 assay 1786:1790 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay 1759:1790 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay 1759:1790 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 2 6 theme standard 283:290 arg1 treatment 292:300 gold standard treatment 278:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 8 7 theme cell 1603:1606 arg1 attachment 1608:1617 mesenchymal stem cell attachment 1586:1617 mesenchymal stem cell attachment 1586:1617 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 7 8 from load 1446:1449 arg1 condition 1458:1466 wet condition 1454:1466 wet condition 1454:1466 Materials were tested under compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4). 26831424 8 9 theme scaffold 1554:1561 arg1 compositions 1563:1574 all the scaffold compositions 1546:1574 all the scaffold compositions 1546:1574 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 10 from images 1674:1679 arg1 visible 1657:1663 visible 1657:1663 visible 1657:1663 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 11 theme in 1517:1518 arg1 studies 1526:1532 The in vitro studies 1513:1532 The in vitro studies 1513:1532 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 3 12 theme bone 521:524 arg1 graft 526:530 bone graft 521:530 bone graft 521:530 The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. 26831424 1 13 theme significant 163:173 arg1 loss 187:190 a significant bone tissue loss 161:190 a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury 161:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 4 14 theme human 800:804 arg1 hMSCs 830:834 hMSCs 830:834 hMSCs 830:834 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 14 theme human 800:804 arg1 cells 823:827 human mesenchymal stem cells 800:827 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 800:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 1 15 theme tissue 180:185 arg1 loss 187:190 a significant bone tissue loss 161:190 a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury 161:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 1 16 from loss 187:190 arg1 diseases 209:216 diseases 209:216 diseases 209:216 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 1 16 from loss 187:190 arg1 injury 232:237 traumatic injury 222:237 traumatic injury 222:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 1 16 from loss 187:190 arg1 patients 195:202 patients 195:202 patients from diseases and traumatic injury 195:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 8 17 theme transcription 1817:1829 arg1 -PCR 1836:1839 quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR 1796:1839 quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR 1796:1839 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 6 18 dep RESULTS 1246:1252 arg1 showed 1313:1318 showed 1313:1318 showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions 1313:1403 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 0 19 from osteoblast 56:65 arg1 scaffold 102:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 9 20 theme & 1857:1857 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1859:1869 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS 1842:1869 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 1842:2075 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 10 21 contain have 2141:2144 arg2 potential 2152:2160 great potential 2146:2160 great potential 2146:2160 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 10 21 contain have 2141:2144 arg2 scaffold 2176:2183 scaffold 2176:2183 scaffold 2176:2183 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 10 21 contain have 2141:2144 arg1 composite 2127:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 1 22 from injury 232:237 arg1 patients 195:202 patients 195:202 patients from diseases and traumatic injury 195:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 1 22 from injury 232:237 arg1 loss 187:190 a significant bone tissue loss 161:190 a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury 161:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 4 23 from proliferation 751:763 arg1 role 708:711 the role 704:711 the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 704:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 9 24 theme Scaffold 1871:1878 arg1 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1892:1904 Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1871:1904 Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1871:1904 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 4 25 theme freeze 669:674 arg1 drying 676:681 freeze drying 669:681 freeze drying method 669:688 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 2 26 theme current 244:250 arg1 transplantation 262:276 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 4 27 from organization 737:748 arg1 role 708:711 the role 704:711 the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 704:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 1 28 theme BACKGROUND 128:137 arg1 OBJECTIVES 141:150 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES 128:150 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 128:238 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 7 29 theme buffered 1485:1492 arg1 saline 1494:1499 phosphate buffered saline 1475:1499 phosphate buffered saline 1475:1499 Materials were tested under compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4). 26831424 0 30 theme degradable 70:79 arg1 scaffold 102:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 8 31 dep in 1517:1518 arg1 vitro 1520:1524 vitro 1520:1524 vitro 1520:1524 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 32 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 1712:1735 arg1 bromide 1737:1743 visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] 1657:1744 visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay 1657:1756 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 32 theme -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium 1712:1735 arg1 MTT 1747:1749 MTT 1747:1749 MTT 1747:1749 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 10 33 theme tissue 2193:2198 arg1 engineering 2200:2210 bone tissue engineering 2188:2210 bone tissue engineering 2188:2210 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 4 34 theme bone 867:870 arg1 graft 872:876 bone graft 867:876 bone graft 867:876 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 5 35 theme porous 1164:1169 arg1 foams 1171:1175 the porous foams 1160:1175 the porous foams 1160:1175 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 0 36 theme composite 92:100 arg1 scaffold 102:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 5 37 theme 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1025:1037 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds 1025:1047 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) 1025:1099 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 10 38 theme 3D 2124:2125 arg1 composite 2127:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 9 39 dep CONCLUSIONS 1859:1869 arg1 showed 1906:1911 showed 1906:1911 showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies 1906:2074 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 6 40 theme Scanning 1254:1261 arg1 microscope 1272:1281 Scanning electron microscope 1254:1281 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds 1254:1311 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 6 40 theme Scanning 1254:1261 arg1 SEM 1284:1286 SEM 1284:1286 SEM 1284:1286 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 4 41 from differentiation 781:795 arg1 role 708:711 the role 704:711 the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 704:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 0 42 theme stem 41:44 arg1 cell 46:49 mesenchymal stem cell 29:49 mesenchymal stem cell 29:49 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 3 43 theme tissue 378:383 arg1 engineering 385:395 tissue engineering 378:395 tissue engineering 378:395 The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. 26831424 0 44 theme Culture 0:6 arg1 differentiation 10:24 Culture & differentiation 0:24 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 0:126 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 9 45 theme mechanical 1978:1987 arg1 test 1989:1992 mechanical test 1978:1992 mechanical test 1978:1992 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 5 46 from METHODS 949:955 arg1 acid 1133:1136 acetic acid 1126:1136 acetic acid 1126:1136 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 10 47 used used 2168:2171 arg2 potential 2152:2160 great potential 2146:2160 great potential 2146:2160 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 10 47 used used 2168:2171 arg2 scaffold 2176:2183 scaffold 2176:2183 scaffold 2176:2183 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 0 48 theme mesenchymal 29:39 arg1 cell 46:49 mesenchymal stem cell 29:49 mesenchymal stem cell 29:49 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 2 49 contain has 302:304 arg1 transplantation 262:276 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 2 49 contain has 302:304 arg2 morbidity 335:343 donor site morbidity 324:343 donor site morbidity 324:343 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 2 49 contain has 302:304 arg2 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 2 49 contain has 302:304 arg2 supply 357:362 limited supply 349:362 limited supply 349:362 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 9 50 theme phosphatase 2007:2017 arg1 activity 2019:2026 alkaline phosphatase activity 1998:2026 alkaline phosphatase activity 1998:2026 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 0 51 theme cell 46:49 arg1 differentiation 10:24 Culture & differentiation 0:24 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 0:126 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 2 52 theme site 330:333 arg1 morbidity 335:343 donor site morbidity 324:343 donor site morbidity 324:343 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 2 52 theme site 330:333 arg1 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 5 53 theme acetic 1126:1131 arg1 acid 1133:1136 acetic acid 1126:1136 acetic acid 1126:1136 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 0 54 dep differentiation 10:24 arg1 study 121:125 In vitro study 112:125 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 0:126 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 5 55 dep in 1214:1215 arg1 vitro 1217:1221 vitro 1217:1221 vitro 1217:1221 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 8 56 dep [3- 1682:1684 arg1 4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl 1686:1710 4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl 1686:1710 4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl 1686:1710 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 4 57 theme biocomposite 570:581 arg1 scaffolds 583:591 biocomposite scaffolds 570:591 biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) 570:664 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 9 58 theme specific 2043:2050 arg1 expression 2057:2066 osteoblast specific gene expression 2032:2066 osteoblast specific gene expression 2032:2066 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 1 59 theme traumatic 222:230 arg1 injury 232:237 traumatic injury 222:237 traumatic injury 222:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 9 60 theme expression 2057:2066 arg1 studies 2068:2074 alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies 1998:2074 alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies 1998:2074 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 8 61 theme alkaline 1759:1766 arg1 phosphatase 1768:1778 alkaline phosphatase 1759:1778 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay 1759:1790 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 61 theme alkaline 1759:1766 arg1 ALP 1781:1783 ALP 1781:1783 ALP 1781:1783 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 6 62 theme uniform 1359:1365 arg1 distribution 1372:1383 uniform pore distribution 1359:1383 uniform pore distribution 1359:1383 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 4 63 theme mesenchymal 806:816 arg1 hMSCs 830:834 hMSCs 830:834 hMSCs 830:834 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 63 theme mesenchymal 806:816 arg1 cells 823:827 human mesenchymal stem cells 800:827 human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 800:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 64 theme study 549:553 arg1 aim 537:539 The aim 533:539 The aim of this study 533:553 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 3 65 theme graft 526:530 arg1 need 504:507 the need 500:507 the need 500:507 The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. 26831424 3 65 theme graft 526:530 arg1 lack 513:516 lack 513:516 lack of bone graft 513:530 The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. 26831424 4 66 theme cells 823:827 arg1 role 708:711 the role 704:711 the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 704:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 2 67 theme gold 278:281 arg1 treatment 292:300 gold standard treatment 278:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 8 68 theme stem 1598:1601 arg1 attachment 1608:1617 mesenchymal stem cell attachment 1586:1617 mesenchymal stem cell attachment 1586:1617 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 4 69 theme osteogenic 770:779 arg1 differentiation 781:795 osteogenic differentiation 770:795 osteogenic differentiation 770:795 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 1 70 theme bone 175:178 arg1 loss 187:190 a significant bone tissue loss 161:190 a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury 161:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 10 71 theme degradable 2113:2122 arg1 composite 2127:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 8 72 theme reverse 1809:1815 arg1 transcription 1817:1829 quantitative reverse transcription 1796:1829 quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR 1796:1839 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 72 theme reverse 1809:1815 arg1 qRT 1832:1834 qRT 1832:1834 qRT 1832:1834 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 5 73 dep METHODS 949:955 arg1 chitosan 962:969 Pure chitosan 957:969 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) 949:978 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 5 73 dep METHODS 949:955 arg1 100CHT 972:977 100CHT 972:977 100CHT 972:977 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 9 74 theme INTERPRETATION 1842:1855 arg1 CONCLUSIONS 1859:1869 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS 1842:1869 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 1842:2075 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 8 75 theme visible 1657:1663 arg1 bromide 1737:1743 visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] 1657:1744 visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay 1657:1756 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 75 theme visible 1657:1663 arg1 MTT 1747:1749 MTT 1747:1749 MTT 1747:1749 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 10 76 theme novel 2107:2111 arg1 composite 2127:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 this novel degradable 3D composite 2102:2135 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 1 77 from diseases 209:216 arg1 patients 195:202 patients 195:202 patients from diseases and traumatic injury 195:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 1 77 from diseases 209:216 arg1 loss 187:190 a significant bone tissue loss 161:190 a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury 161:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 2 78 theme autograft 252:260 arg1 transplantation 262:276 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 8 79 theme SEM 1670:1672 arg1 images 1674:1679 SEM images 1670:1679 SEM images 1670:1679 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 9 80 theme composition 1880:1890 arg1 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1892:1904 Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1871:1904 Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL 1871:1904 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 5 81 from composites 984:993 arg1 acid 1133:1136 acetic acid 1126:1136 acetic acid 1126:1136 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 1 82 theme & 139:139 arg1 OBJECTIVES 141:150 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES 128:150 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 128:238 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 7 83 theme phosphate 1475:1483 arg1 saline 1494:1499 phosphate buffered saline 1475:1499 phosphate buffered saline 1475:1499 Materials were tested under compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4). 26831424 2 84 dep transplantation 262:276 arg1 treatment 292:300 gold standard treatment 278:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment 240:300 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 6 85 theme microscope 1272:1281 arg1 images 1289:1294 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images 1254:1294 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds 1254:1311 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 0 86 theme biomedical 81:90 arg1 scaffold 102:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 degradable biomedical composite scaffold 70:109 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 4 87 from scaffolds 716:724 arg1 proliferation 751:763 proliferation 751:763 proliferation 751:763 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 87 from scaffolds 716:724 arg1 organization 737:748 spatial organization 729:748 spatial organization 729:748 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 87 from scaffolds 716:724 arg1 differentiation 781:795 osteogenic differentiation 770:795 osteogenic differentiation 770:795 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 8 88 theme quantitative 1796:1807 arg1 transcription 1817:1829 quantitative reverse transcription 1796:1829 quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR 1796:1839 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 8 88 theme quantitative 1796:1807 arg1 qRT 1832:1834 qRT 1832:1834 qRT 1832:1834 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 9 89 theme biomechanical 1920:1932 arg1 properties 1953:1962 better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties 1913:1962 better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties 1913:1962 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 4 90 dep order 850:854 arg1 achieve 859:865 achieve 859:865 to achieve bone graft 856:876 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 91 from role 708:711 arg1 proliferation 751:763 proliferation 751:763 proliferation 751:763 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 91 from role 708:711 arg1 organization 737:748 spatial organization 729:748 spatial organization 729:748 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 4 91 from role 708:711 arg1 differentiation 781:795 osteogenic differentiation 770:795 osteogenic differentiation 770:795 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 0 92 dep In 112:113 arg1 vitro 115:119 vitro 115:119 vitro 115:119 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 7 93 theme wet 1454:1456 arg1 condition 1458:1466 wet condition 1454:1466 wet condition 1454:1466 Materials were tested under compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4). 26831424 5 94 contain containing 1049:1058 arg2 parts 1071:1075 40, 30, 25 parts 1060:1075 40, 30, 25 parts 1060:1075 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 5 94 contain containing 1049:1058 arg1 scaffolds 1039:1047 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds 1025:1047 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) 1025:1099 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 9 95 theme osteoinductive 1938:1951 arg1 properties 1953:1962 better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties 1913:1962 better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties 1913:1962 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 5 96 theme biological 1223:1232 arg1 properties 1234:1243 physicochemical and in vitro biological properties 1194:1243 physicochemical and in vitro biological properties 1194:1243 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 6 97 theme electron 1263:1270 arg1 microscope 1272:1281 Scanning electron microscope 1254:1281 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds 1254:1311 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 6 97 theme electron 1263:1270 arg1 SEM 1284:1286 SEM 1284:1286 SEM 1284:1286 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 8 98 theme bromide 1737:1743 arg1 assay 1752:1756 visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay 1657:1756 visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay 1657:1756 The in vitro studies showed that all the scaffold compositions supported mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation as visible from SEM images, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR. 26831424 10 99 theme bone 2188:2191 arg1 engineering 2200:2210 bone tissue engineering 2188:2210 bone tissue engineering 2188:2210 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 0 100 theme In 112:113 arg1 study 121:125 In vitro study 112:125 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 0:126 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 0 101 theme & 8:8 arg1 differentiation 10:24 Culture & differentiation 0:24 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 0:126 Culture & differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast on degradable biomedical composite scaffold: In vitro study. 26831424 10 102 theme great 2146:2150 arg1 scaffold 2176:2183 scaffold 2176:2183 scaffold 2176:2183 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 10 102 theme great 2146:2150 arg1 potential 2152:2160 great potential 2146:2160 great potential 2146:2160 This study suggests that this novel degradable 3D composite may have great potential to be used as scaffold in bone tissue engineering. 26831424 3 103 theme engineering 385:395 arg1 field 369:373 The field 365:373 The field of tissue engineering 365:395 The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. 26831424 4 104 theme drying 676:681 arg1 method 683:688 freeze drying method 669:688 freeze drying method 669:688 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 5 105 theme physicochemical 1194:1208 arg1 properties 1234:1243 physicochemical and in vitro biological properties 1194:1243 physicochemical and in vitro biological properties 1194:1243 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 1 106 dep OBJECTIVES 141:150 arg1 is 158:159 is 158:159 is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury 158:237 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES There is a significant bone tissue loss in patients from diseases and traumatic injury. 26831424 5 107 theme in 1214:1215 arg1 properties 1234:1243 physicochemical and in vitro biological properties 1194:1243 physicochemical and in vitro biological properties 1194:1243 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 6 108 theme porous 1320:1325 arg1 microstructure 1327:1340 porous microstructure 1320:1340 porous microstructure (20-300 μm) 1320:1352 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 6 108 theme porous 1320:1325 arg1 μm 1350:1351 20-300 μm 1343:1351 20-300 μm 1343:1351 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 5 109 theme Pure 957:960 arg1 chitosan 962:969 Pure chitosan 957:969 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) 949:978 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 5 109 theme Pure 957:960 arg1 100CHT 972:977 100CHT 972:977 100CHT 972:977 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 4 110 theme biological 926:935 arg1 properties 937:946 improved physical-chemical and biological properties 895:946 properties 937:946 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 9 111 theme alkaline 1998:2005 arg1 phosphatase 2007:2017 alkaline phosphatase 1998:2017 alkaline phosphatase activity 1998:2026 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 6 112 theme scaffolds 1303:1311 arg1 images 1289:1294 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images 1254:1294 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds 1254:1311 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26831424 7 113 theme compressive 1434:1444 arg1 load 1446:1449 compressive load 1434:1449 compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4) 1434:1510 Materials were tested under compressive load in wet condition (using phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4). 26831424 9 114 theme activity 2019:2026 arg1 studies 2068:2074 alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies 1998:2074 alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies 1998:2074 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 9 115 theme osteoblast 2032:2041 arg1 expression 2057:2066 osteoblast specific gene expression 2032:2066 osteoblast specific gene expression 2032:2066 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 4 116 theme scaffolds 716:724 arg1 role 708:711 the role 704:711 the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) 704:835 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 2 117 theme donor 324:328 arg1 morbidity 335:343 donor site morbidity 324:343 donor site morbidity 324:343 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 2 117 theme donor 324:328 arg1 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 drawbacks 306:314 The current autograft transplantation gold standard treatment has drawbacks, namely donor site morbidity and limited supply. 26831424 3 118 theme alternative 432:442 arg1 sources 444:450 alternative sources 432:450 alternative sources for transplantations 432:471 The field of tissue engineering has emerged with a goal to provide alternative sources for transplantations to bridge this gap between the need and lack of bone graft. 26831424 5 119 dep 40CHT/HAP 996:1004 arg1 filler 1101:1106 filler 1101:1106 filler 1101:1106 METHODS Pure chitosan (100CHT) and composites (40CHT/HAP, 30CHT/HAP/PCL and 25CHT/HAP/PCL scaffolds containing 40, 30, 25 parts per hundred resin (phr) filler, respectively) in acetic acid were freeze dried and the porous foams were studied for physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. 26831424 9 120 theme gene 2052:2055 arg1 expression 2057:2066 osteoblast specific gene expression 2032:2066 osteoblast specific gene expression 2032:2066 INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Scaffold composition 25CHT/HAP/PCL showed better biomechanical and osteoinductive properties as evident by mechanical test and alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast specific gene expression studies. 26831424 4 121 theme spatial 729:735 arg1 organization 737:748 spatial organization 729:748 spatial organization 729:748 The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposite scaffolds based on chitosan (CHT), polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) by freeze drying method and to assess the role of scaffolds in spatial organization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro, in order to achieve bone graft substitutes with improved physical-chemical and biological properties. 26831424 6 122 theme pore 1367:1370 arg1 distribution 1372:1383 uniform pore distribution 1359:1383 uniform pore distribution 1359:1383 RESULTS Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the scaffolds showed porous microstructure (20-300 μm) with uniform pore distribution in all compositions. 26507776 0 0 theme cell 96:99 arg1 components 106:115 hyper-galactosylated cell wall components 75:115 hyper-galactosylated cell wall components 75:115 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 2 1 theme Golgi 652:656 arg1 lumen 658:662 the Golgi lumen 648:662 the Golgi lumen 648:662 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 1 2 theme architectural 272:284 arg1 growth 335:340 enhanced growth 326:340 enhanced growth 326:340 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 2 theme architectural 272:284 arg1 alterations 305:315 morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations 257:315 morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations 257:315 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 2 theme architectural 272:284 arg1 accumulation 353:364 increased accumulation 343:364 increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin 343:390 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 2 theme architectural 272:284 arg1 phenotype 422:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 0 3 theme hyper-galactosylated 75:94 arg1 components 106:115 hyper-galactosylated cell wall components 75:115 hyper-galactosylated cell wall components 75:115 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 1 4 theme chlorophyll 369:379 arg1 growth 335:340 enhanced growth 326:340 enhanced growth 326:340 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 4 theme chlorophyll 369:379 arg1 accumulation 353:364 increased accumulation 343:364 increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin 343:390 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 4 theme chlorophyll 369:379 arg1 phenotype 422:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 3 5 theme control 934:940 arg1 plants 942:947 control plants 934:947 control plants 934:947 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 3 6 theme monosaccharide 684:697 arg1 composition 699:709 the monosaccharide composition 680:709 the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 680:749 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 4 7 theme oligosaccharide 1033:1047 arg1 profiling 1054:1062 oligosaccharide mass profiling 1033:1062 oligosaccharide mass profiling 1033:1062 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. 26507776 3 8 theme polysaccharides 735:749 arg1 composition 699:709 the monosaccharide composition 680:709 the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 680:749 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 6 9 theme galactose 1341:1349 arg1 tolerance 1351:1359 increased galactose tolerance 1331:1359 increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants 1331:1386 This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants. 26507776 0 10 theme wall 101:104 arg1 components 106:115 hyper-galactosylated cell wall components 75:115 hyper-galactosylated cell wall components 75:115 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 1 11 theme lignin 385:390 arg1 growth 335:340 enhanced growth 326:340 enhanced growth 326:340 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 11 theme lignin 385:390 arg1 accumulation 353:364 increased accumulation 343:364 increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin 343:390 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 11 theme lignin 385:390 arg1 phenotype 422:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 6 12 theme galactose 1283:1291 arg1 incorporation 1293:1305 This increased galactose incorporation 1268:1305 This increased galactose incorporation 1268:1305 This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants. 26507776 4 13 located detected 998:1005 arg1 hemicellulose 1010:1022 hemicellulose II 1010:1025 hemicellulose II 1010:1025 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. 26507776 4 13 located detected 998:1005 arg2 structure 984:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure 950:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure 950:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. 26507776 1 14 theme physiological 291:303 arg1 growth 335:340 enhanced growth 326:340 enhanced growth 326:340 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 14 theme physiological 291:303 arg1 alterations 305:315 morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations 257:315 morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations 257:315 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 14 theme physiological 291:303 arg1 accumulation 353:364 increased accumulation 343:364 increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin 343:390 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 14 theme physiological 291:303 arg1 phenotype 422:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 2 15 theme polysaccharides 552:566 arg1 composition 520:530 the monosaccharide composition 501:530 the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen 501:662 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 3 16 theme galactose 778:786 arg1 ratio 769:773 the ratio 765:773 the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides 765:811 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 6 17 theme increased 1273:1281 arg1 incorporation 1293:1305 This increased galactose incorporation 1268:1305 This increased galactose incorporation 1268:1305 This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants. 26507776 1 18 theme human 182:186 arg1 gene 216:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene 178:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) 178:245 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 18 theme human 182:186 arg1 plants 239:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 2 19 theme matrix 545:550 arg1 polysaccharides 552:566 cell wall matrix polysaccharides 535:566 cell wall matrix polysaccharides 535:566 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 2 19 theme matrix 545:550 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 5 20 theme galactose 1193:1201 arg1 incorporation 1203:1215 galactose incorporation 1193:1215 galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1193:1255 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 3 21 theme hUGT1-transgenic 888:903 arg1 plants 905:910 hUGT1-transgenic plants 888:910 hUGT1-transgenic plants 888:910 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 5 22 from incorporation 1203:1215 arg1 polysaccharides 1241:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 1 23 theme UDP-galactose 188:200 arg1 gene 216:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene 178:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) 178:245 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 23 theme UDP-galactose 188:200 arg1 plants 239:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 0 24 theme transporter 14:24 arg1 expression 37:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression 0:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants 0:64 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 0 25 from expression 37:46 arg1 plants 59:64 tobacco plants 51:64 tobacco plants 51:64 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 5 26 from cytosol 1152:1158 arg1 transport 1133:1141 the enhanced UDP-galactose transport 1106:1141 the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1 1106:1190 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 1 27 theme transporter 202:212 arg1 gene 216:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene 178:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) 178:245 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 27 theme transporter 202:212 arg1 plants 239:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 0 28 theme UDP-galactose 0:12 arg1 expression 37:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression 0:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants 0:64 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 6 29 theme hUGT1-transgenic 1364:1379 arg1 plants 1381:1386 hUGT1-transgenic plants 1364:1386 hUGT1-transgenic plants 1364:1386 This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants. 26507776 3 30 theme composition 699:709 arg1 analysis 668:675 An analysis 665:675 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 665:749 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 0 31 theme hUGT1 31:35 arg1 expression 37:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression 0:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants 0:64 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 2 32 theme hemicellulosic 588:601 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 0 33 theme gene 26:29 arg1 expression 37:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression 0:46 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants 0:64 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 1 34 theme gibberellin-responsive 399:420 arg1 phenotype 422:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 2 35 theme monosaccharide 505:518 arg1 composition 520:530 the monosaccharide composition 501:530 the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen 501:662 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 3 36 theme total 791:795 arg1 monosaccharides 797:811 total monosaccharides 791:811 total monosaccharides 791:811 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 2 37 theme pectic 577:582 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 2 38 theme present 440:446 arg1 study 448:452 the present study 436:452 the present study 436:452 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 1 39 theme hUGT1-transgenic 222:237 arg1 gene 216:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene 178:219 the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) 178:245 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 39 theme hUGT1-transgenic 222:237 arg1 plants 239:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 hUGT1-transgenic plants 222:244 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 40 theme enhanced 326:333 arg1 growth 335:340 enhanced growth 326:340 enhanced growth 326:340 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 3 41 theme plants 905:910 arg1 fractions 875:883 the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions 843:883 the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants 843:910 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 3 42 theme hemicellulose 847:859 arg1 fractions 875:883 the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions 843:883 the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants 843:910 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 4 43 theme mass 1049:1052 arg1 profiling 1054:1062 oligosaccharide mass profiling 1033:1062 oligosaccharide mass profiling 1033:1062 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. 26507776 5 44 theme matrix 1234:1239 arg1 polysaccharides 1241:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 4 45 theme xyloglucan 973:982 arg1 structure 984:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure 950:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure 950:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. 26507776 5 46 theme UDP-galactose 1119:1131 arg1 transport 1133:1141 the enhanced UDP-galactose transport 1106:1141 the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1 1106:1190 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 5 47 theme cell 1224:1227 arg1 polysaccharides 1241:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 0 48 theme tobacco 51:57 arg1 plants 59:64 tobacco plants 51:64 tobacco plants 51:64 UDP-galactose transporter gene hUGT1 expression in tobacco plants leads to hyper-galactosylated cell wall components. 26507776 4 49 theme hyper-galactosylated 952:971 arg1 structure 984:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure 950:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure 950:992 A hyper-galactosylated xyloglucan structure was detected in hemicellulose II using oligosaccharide mass profiling. 26507776 3 50 theme cell 718:721 arg1 polysaccharides 735:749 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 714:749 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 714:749 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 6 51 theme increased 1331:1339 arg1 tolerance 1351:1359 increased galactose tolerance 1331:1359 increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants 1331:1386 This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants. 26507776 1 52 theme increased 343:351 arg1 accumulation 353:364 increased accumulation 343:364 increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin 343:390 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 3 53 theme matrix 728:733 arg1 polysaccharides 735:749 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 714:749 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 714:749 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 3 54 theme wall 723:726 arg1 polysaccharides 735:749 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 714:749 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 714:749 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 5 55 theme enhanced 1110:1117 arg1 transport 1133:1141 the enhanced UDP-galactose transport 1106:1141 the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1 1106:1190 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 5 56 theme Golgi 1167:1171 arg1 apparatus 1173:1181 the Golgi apparatus 1163:1181 the Golgi apparatus 1163:1181 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 1 57 theme tobacco 146:152 arg1 plants 154:159 tobacco plants 146:159 tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) 146:245 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 3 58 theme pectin 868:873 arg1 fractions 875:883 the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions 843:883 the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants 843:910 An analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides revealed that the ratio of galactose to total monosaccharides was significantly elevated in the hemicellulose II and pectin fractions of hUGT1-transgenic plants compared with that of control plants. 26507776 2 59 theme wall 540:543 arg1 polysaccharides 552:566 cell wall matrix polysaccharides 535:566 cell wall matrix polysaccharides 535:566 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 2 59 theme wall 540:543 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 5 60 theme wall 1229:1232 arg1 polysaccharides 1241:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 the cell wall matrix polysaccharides 1220:1255 These results indicated that, because of the enhanced UDP-galactose transport from the cytosol to the Golgi apparatus by hUGT1, galactose incorporation in the cell wall matrix polysaccharides increased. 26507776 6 61 from tolerance 1351:1359 arg1 plants 1381:1386 hUGT1-transgenic plants 1364:1386 hUGT1-transgenic plants 1364:1386 This increased galactose incorporation may have contributed to increased galactose tolerance in hUGT1-transgenic plants. 26507776 1 62 theme morphological 257:269 arg1 growth 335:340 enhanced growth 326:340 enhanced growth 326:340 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 62 theme morphological 257:269 arg1 alterations 305:315 morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations 257:315 morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations 257:315 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 62 theme morphological 257:269 arg1 accumulation 353:364 increased accumulation 343:364 increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin 343:390 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 1 62 theme morphological 257:269 arg1 phenotype 422:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 a gibberellin-responsive phenotype 397:430 We reported previously that tobacco plants transformed with the human UDP-galactose transporter 1 gene (hUGT1-transgenic plants) displayed morphological, architectural, and physiological alterations, such as enhanced growth, increased accumulation of chlorophyll and lignin, and a gibberellin-responsive phenotype. 26507776 2 63 theme cell 535:538 arg1 polysaccharides 552:566 cell wall matrix polysaccharides 535:566 cell wall matrix polysaccharides 535:566 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 2 63 theme cell 535:538 arg1 polysaccharides 603:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides 577:617 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26507776 2 64 theme hUGT1 476:480 arg1 expression 482:491 hUGT1 expression 476:491 hUGT1 expression 476:491 In the present study, we demonstrated that hUGT1 expression altered the monosaccharide composition of cell wall matrix polysaccharides, such as pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, which are biosynthesized in the Golgi lumen. 26824871 3 0 theme single 589:594 arg1 Araf 596:599 single Araf 589:599 single Araf 589:599 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 5 1 from study 1093:1097 arg1 mucilage 1123:1130 mucilage 1123:1130 mucilage of tomatoes 1123:1142 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 1 2 theme known 132:136 arg1 food 149:152 a known functional food 130:152 a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds 130:194 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 1 2 theme known 132:136 arg1 Tomato 120:125 Tomato 120:125 Tomato 120:125 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 4 3 theme antinociceptive 857:871 arg1 effect 873:878 an antinociceptive effect 854:878 an antinociceptive effect 854:878 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 4 from mice 670:673 arg1 administration 632:645 Intraperitoneal administration 616:645 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice 616:673 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 5 theme β-d-Xylp 445:452 arg1 units 454:458 (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units 432:458 (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units 432:458 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 0 6 theme Antinociceptive 80:94 arg1 Effect 96:101 Antinociceptive Effect 80:101 Antinociceptive Effect 80:101 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 4 7 theme inflammatory 771:782 arg1 phase 784:788 the inflammatory phase 767:788 the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin 767:828 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 5 8 from mucilage 1123:1130 arg1 study 1093:1097 the first study 1083:1097 the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes 1083:1142 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 5 8 from mucilage 1123:1130 arg1 it 1077:1078 it 1077:1078 it 1077:1078 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 5 8 from mucilage 1123:1130 arg1 polysaccharides 1102:1116 polysaccharides 1102:1116 polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes 1102:1142 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 4 9 theme arabinoxylan 654:665 arg1 administration 632:645 Intraperitoneal administration 616:645 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice 616:673 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 5 10 theme tomatoes 1135:1142 arg1 mucilage 1123:1130 mucilage 1123:1130 mucilage of tomatoes 1123:1142 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 3 11 theme Xylp 604:607 arg1 units 609:613 Xylp units 604:613 Xylp units 604:613 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 4 12 from arabinoxylan 654:665 arg1 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 2 13 theme sugar 310:314 arg1 composition 316:326 sugar composition 310:326 sugar composition 310:326 Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 26824871 4 14 theme 0.6 746:748 arg1 % 749:749 % 749:749 % 749:749 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 2 15 theme tomatoes 253:260 arg1 mucilage 241:248 mucilage 241:248 mucilage of tomatoes 241:260 Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 26824871 2 16 theme NMR 346:348 arg1 analysis 363:370 NMR spectroscopy analysis 346:370 NMR spectroscopy analysis 346:370 Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 26824871 4 17 theme inflammatory 883:894 arg1 models 901:906 inflammatory pain models 883:906 inflammatory pain models 883:906 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 18 theme main 467:470 arg1 chain 472:476 the main chain 463:476 the main chain 463:476 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 5 19 from presence 1016:1023 arg1 plant 1061:1065 a dicotyledon plant 1047:1065 a dicotyledon plant 1047:1065 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 1 20 theme due 154:156 arg1 food 149:152 a known functional food 130:152 a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds 130:194 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 1 20 theme due 154:156 arg1 Tomato 120:125 Tomato 120:125 Tomato 120:125 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 4 21 theme acetic 751:756 arg1 acid 758:761 0.6% acetic acid 746:761 0.6% acetic acid 746:761 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 22 from administration 632:645 arg1 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 mice 670:673 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 23 theme Intraperitoneal 616:630 arg1 administration 632:645 Intraperitoneal administration 616:645 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice 616:673 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 24 contain carried 485:491 arg1 chain 472:476 the main chain 463:476 the main chain 463:476 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 24 contain carried 485:491 arg2 proportion 499:508 a low proportion 493:508 a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%) 493:529 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 24 contain carried 485:491 arg2 % 528:528 ∼5.6% 524:528 ∼5.6% 524:528 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 24 contain carried 485:491 arg3 position 547:554 O-2 and O-3 position 535:554 position 547:554 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 4 25 theme % 749:749 arg1 acid 758:761 0.6% acetic acid 746:761 0.6% acetic acid 746:761 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 26 theme low 495:497 arg1 % 528:528 ∼5.6% 524:528 ∼5.6% 524:528 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 26 theme low 495:497 arg1 proportion 499:508 a low proportion 493:508 a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%) 493:529 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 4 27 theme biological 924:933 arg1 role 935:938 the biological role 920:938 the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet 920:977 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 28 link -linked 437:443 arg1 units 454:458 (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units 432:458 (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units 432:458 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 4 29 theme constrictions 721:733 arg1 phase 784:788 the inflammatory phase 767:788 the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin 767:828 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 29 theme constrictions 721:733 arg1 number 701:706 the number 697:706 the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid 697:761 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 2 30 theme purified 269:276 arg1 PTOK 288:291 PTOK 288:291 PTOK 288:291 Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 26824871 2 30 theme purified 269:276 arg1 fraction 278:285 a purified fraction 267:285 a purified fraction (PTOK) 267:292 Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 26824871 4 31 theme abdominal 711:719 arg1 constrictions 721:733 abdominal constrictions 711:733 abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid 711:761 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 32 theme arabinoxylan 411:422 arg1 presence 396:403 the presence 392:403 the presence of an arabinoxylan 392:422 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 0 33 theme Mouse 106:110 arg1 Models 112:117 Mouse Models 106:117 Mouse Models 106:117 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 0 34 from Structure 66:74 arg1 Models 112:117 Mouse Models 106:117 Mouse Models 106:117 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 1 35 theme functional 138:147 arg1 food 149:152 a known functional food 130:152 a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds 130:194 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 1 35 theme functional 138:147 arg1 Tomato 120:125 Tomato 120:125 Tomato 120:125 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 3 36 theme -linked 437:443 arg1 units 454:458 (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units 432:458 (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units 432:458 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 37 theme O-3 543:545 arg1 position 547:554 O-2 and O-3 position 535:554 position 547:554 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 38 theme branching 513:521 arg1 % 528:528 ∼5.6% 524:528 ∼5.6% 524:528 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 3 38 theme branching 513:521 arg1 proportion 499:508 a low proportion 493:508 a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%) 493:529 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 1 39 theme bioactive 176:184 arg1 compounds 186:194 bioactive compounds 176:194 bioactive compounds 176:194 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 0 40 theme Tomatoes 30:37 arg1 Mucilage 18:25 Mucilage 18:25 Mucilage of Tomatoes 18:37 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 4 41 theme % 819:819 arg1 formalin 821:828 2.5% formalin 816:828 2.5% formalin 816:828 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 1 42 theme compounds 186:194 arg1 content 165:171 its content 161:171 its content of bioactive compounds 161:194 Tomato is a known functional food due to its content of bioactive compounds. 26824871 5 43 theme arabinoxylan 1031:1042 arg1 presence 1016:1023 the presence 1012:1023 the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant 1012:1065 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 3 44 theme O-2 535:537 arg1 position 547:554 O-2 and O-3 position 535:554 position 547:554 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 4 45 theme pain 896:899 arg1 models 901:906 inflammatory pain models 883:906 inflammatory pain models 883:906 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 46 theme 2.5 816:818 arg1 % 819:819 % 819:819 % 819:819 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 3 47 theme side 562:565 arg1 chains 567:572 side chains 562:572 side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units 562:613 The results showed the presence of an arabinoxylan, having (1→4)-linked β-d-Xylp units in the main chain, which carried a low proportion of branching (∼5.6%), at O-2 and O-3 position, with side chains constituted by single Araf or Xylp units. 26824871 0 48 from Effect 96:101 arg1 Models 112:117 Mouse Models 106:117 Mouse Models 106:117 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 5 49 theme first 1087:1091 arg1 study 1093:1097 the first study 1083:1097 the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes 1083:1142 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 5 49 theme first 1087:1091 arg1 it 1077:1078 it 1077:1078 it 1077:1078 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 4 50 theme nociception 793:803 arg1 phase 784:788 the inflammatory phase 767:788 the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin 767:828 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 50 theme nociception 793:803 arg1 number 701:706 the number 697:706 the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid 697:761 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 5 51 attach presence 1016:1023 arg1 plant 1061:1065 a dicotyledon plant 1047:1065 a dicotyledon plant 1047:1065 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 5 51 attach presence 1016:1023 arg2 arabinoxylan 1031:1042 an arabinoxylan 1028:1042 an arabinoxylan 1028:1042 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 2 52 theme spectroscopy 350:361 arg1 analysis 363:370 NMR spectroscopy analysis 346:370 NMR spectroscopy analysis 346:370 Herein, polysaccharides were extracted from mucilage of tomatoes, and a purified fraction (PTOK) was analyzed by sugar composition, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 26824871 4 53 from arabinoxylans 953:965 arg1 diet 974:977 the diet 970:977 the diet 970:977 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 5 54 theme dicotyledon 1049:1059 arg1 plant 1061:1065 a dicotyledon plant 1047:1065 a dicotyledon plant 1047:1065 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 0 55 dep Arabinoxylan 0:11 arg1 L. 61:62 Solanum lycopersicum L. 40:62 Solanum lycopersicum L. 40:62 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 0 55 dep Arabinoxylan 0:11 arg1 Structure 66:74 Structure 66:74 Structure 66:74 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 0 55 dep Arabinoxylan 0:11 arg1 Effect 96:101 Antinociceptive Effect 80:101 Antinociceptive Effect 80:101 Arabinoxylan from Mucilage of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Structure and Antinociceptive Effect in Mouse Models. 26824871 4 56 contain had 850:852 arg2 effect 873:878 an antinociceptive effect 854:878 an antinociceptive effect 854:878 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 4 56 contain had 850:852 arg1 it 847:848 it 847:848 it 847:848 Intraperitoneal administration of the arabinoxylan in mice significantly reduced the number of abdominal constrictions induced by 0.6% acetic acid and the inflammatory phase of nociception induced by 2.5% formalin, indicating that it had an antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain models, amplifying the biological role displayed by arabinoxylans in the diet. 26824871 5 57 theme polysaccharides 1102:1116 arg1 study 1093:1097 the first study 1083:1097 the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes 1083:1142 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 26824871 5 57 theme polysaccharides 1102:1116 arg1 it 1077:1078 it 1077:1078 it 1077:1078 Furthermore, this study reports the presence of an arabinoxylan in a dicotyledon plant, and also it is the first study of polysaccharides from mucilage of tomatoes. 28802848 0 0 theme Malpighia 88:96 arg1 acerola 79:85 acerola 79:85 acerola (Malpighia emarginata) 79:108 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 0 0 theme Malpighia 88:96 arg1 emarginata 98:107 Malpighia emarginata 88:107 Malpighia emarginata 88:107 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 9 1 theme ROS 1288:1290 arg1 levels 1278:1283 intracellular levels 1264:1283 intracellular levels of ROS 1264:1290 These findings suggested that ACWS-01E protected and improved NIH 3T3 cell viability from H2O2-induced toxicity by decreasing intracellular levels of ROS. 28802848 7 2 theme ACWS-01E 857:864 arg1 activity 892:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity 843:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 843:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 9 3 theme 3T3 1204:1206 arg1 viability 1213:1221 NIH 3T3 cell viability 1200:1221 NIH 3T3 cell viability 1200:1221 These findings suggested that ACWS-01E protected and improved NIH 3T3 cell viability from H2O2-induced toxicity by decreasing intracellular levels of ROS. 28802848 7 4 theme cell 960:963 arg1 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 7 4 theme cell 960:963 arg1 line 965:968 murine fibroblast cell line 942:968 murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 942:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 4 5 theme branched 679:686 arg1 arabinan 688:695 branched arabinan 679:695 branched arabinan 679:695 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 0 6 from Structure 0:8 arg1 acerola 79:85 acerola 79:85 acerola (Malpighia emarginata) 79:108 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 0 6 from Structure 0:8 arg1 emarginata 98:107 Malpighia emarginata 88:107 Malpighia emarginata 88:107 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 9 7 theme intracellular 1264:1276 arg1 levels 1278:1283 intracellular levels 1264:1283 intracellular levels of ROS 1264:1290 These findings suggested that ACWS-01E protected and improved NIH 3T3 cell viability from H2O2-induced toxicity by decreasing intracellular levels of ROS. 28802848 7 8 theme murine 942:947 arg1 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 7 8 theme murine 942:947 arg1 line 965:968 murine fibroblast cell line 942:968 murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 942:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 5 9 theme type 725:728 arg1 regions 751:757 type I rhamnogalacturonan regions 725:757 type I rhamnogalacturonan regions 725:757 This latter is anchored in type I rhamnogalacturonan regions. 28802848 3 10 theme sugar 457:461 arg1 composition 463:473 sugar composition 457:473 sugar composition 457:473 A homogeneous fraction (ACWS-01E) was analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 28802848 8 11 with treatment 1013:1021 arg1 ACWS-01E 1028:1035 ACWS-01E 1028:1035 ACWS-01E 1028:1035 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 5 12 theme I 730:730 arg1 regions 751:757 type I rhamnogalacturonan regions 725:757 type I rhamnogalacturonan regions 725:757 This latter is anchored in type I rhamnogalacturonan regions. 28802848 1 13 located found 159:163 arg2 emarginata 121:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 1 13 located found 159:163 arg2 plant 152:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 1 13 located found 159:163 arg1 islands 192:198 the Caribbean islands 178:198 the Caribbean islands 178:198 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 1 13 located found 159:163 arg1 America 210:216 America 210:216 America 210:216 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 6 14 theme arabinan 778:785 arg1 chain 769:773 The main chain 760:773 The main chain of arabinan 760:785 The main chain of arabinan consisted of (1→5)-linked α-Araf, branched only at O-3. 28802848 9 15 theme H2O2-induced 1228:1239 arg1 toxicity 1241:1248 H2O2-induced toxicity 1228:1248 H2O2-induced toxicity 1228:1248 These findings suggested that ACWS-01E protected and improved NIH 3T3 cell viability from H2O2-induced toxicity by decreasing intracellular levels of ROS. 28802848 0 16 from activity 40:47 arg1 acerola 79:85 acerola 79:85 acerola (Malpighia emarginata) 79:108 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 0 16 from activity 40:47 arg1 emarginata 98:107 Malpighia emarginata 88:107 Malpighia emarginata 88:107 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 8 17 theme H2O2-induced 1059:1070 arg1 effect 1082:1087 H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect 1059:1087 H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect 1059:1087 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 9 18 theme NIH 1200:1202 arg1 3T3 1204:1206 NIH 3T3 1200:1206 NIH 3T3 cell viability 1200:1221 These findings suggested that ACWS-01E protected and improved NIH 3T3 cell viability from H2O2-induced toxicity by decreasing intracellular levels of ROS. 28802848 2 19 theme thawing 370:376 arg1 process 378:384 process 378:384 process 378:384 Its polysaccharides were obtained by aqueous extraction, subjected to a freezing and thawing process and ultrafiltration. 28802848 7 20 theme H2O2-induced 909:920 arg1 stress 932:937 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 909:937 H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 909:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 1 21 theme Caribbean 182:190 arg1 islands 192:198 the Caribbean islands 178:198 the Caribbean islands 178:198 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 0 22 theme antioxidant 28:38 arg1 activity 40:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 1 23 theme Barbados 268:275 arg1 Cherry 277:282 Barbados Cherry 268:282 Barbados Cherry 268:282 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 6 24 theme main 764:767 arg1 chain 769:773 The main chain 760:773 The main chain of arabinan 760:785 The main chain of arabinan consisted of (1→5)-linked α-Araf, branched only at O-3. 28802848 6 25 dep consisted 787:795 arg1 branched 821:828 branched 821:828 branched only at O-3 821:840 The main chain of arabinan consisted of (1→5)-linked α-Araf, branched only at O-3. 28802848 4 26 theme high 626:629 arg1 homogalacturonan 658:673 a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan 624:673 a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan 624:673 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 0 27 theme intracellular 14:26 arg1 activity 40:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 4 28 theme pectic 562:567 arg1 polysaccharide 569:582 an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide 545:582 an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide 545:582 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 8 29 theme cytotoxic 1072:1080 arg1 effect 1082:1087 H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect 1059:1087 H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect 1059:1087 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 1 30 theme Malpighia 111:119 arg1 plant 152:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 1 30 theme Malpighia 111:119 arg1 emarginata 121:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 7 31 theme fibroblast 949:958 arg1 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 7 31 theme fibroblast 949:958 arg1 line 965:968 murine fibroblast cell line 942:968 murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 942:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 3 32 theme NMR 499:501 arg1 analyses 516:523 NMR spectroscopy analyses 499:523 NMR spectroscopy analyses 499:523 A homogeneous fraction (ACWS-01E) was analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 28802848 4 33 theme arabinan-rich 548:560 arg1 polysaccharide 569:582 an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide 545:582 an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide 545:582 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 4 34 dep esterified 638:647 arg1 % 655:655 DM=86% 650:655 DM=86% 650:655 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 4 35 theme esterified 638:647 arg1 homogalacturonan 658:673 a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan 624:673 a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan 624:673 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 3 36 theme homogeneous 409:419 arg1 ACWS-01E 431:438 ACWS-01E 431:438 ACWS-01E 431:438 A homogeneous fraction (ACWS-01E) was analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 28802848 3 36 theme homogeneous 409:419 arg1 fraction 421:428 A homogeneous fraction 407:428 A homogeneous fraction (ACWS-01E) 407:439 A homogeneous fraction (ACWS-01E) was analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 28802848 0 37 from acerola 79:85 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 0 37 from acerola 79:85 arg1 activity 40:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 0 37 from acerola 79:85 arg1 polysaccharide 59:72 pectic polysaccharide 52:72 pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata) 52:108 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 7 38 theme DCFH-DA 994:1000 arg1 assay 1002:1006 DCFH-DA assay 994:1006 DCFH-DA assay 994:1006 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 4 39 theme methyl 631:636 arg1 homogalacturonan 658:673 a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan 624:673 a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan 624:673 The results showed an arabinan-rich pectic polysaccharide, with 6.1×104g/mol and formed mainly by a high methyl esterified (DM=86%) homogalacturonan and branched arabinan. 28802848 0 40 theme polysaccharide 59:72 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 0 40 theme polysaccharide 59:72 arg1 activity 40:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 intracellular antioxidant activity 14:47 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 9 41 theme cell 1208:1211 arg1 viability 1213:1221 NIH 3T3 cell viability 1200:1221 NIH 3T3 cell viability 1200:1221 These findings suggested that ACWS-01E protected and improved NIH 3T3 cell viability from H2O2-induced toxicity by decreasing intracellular levels of ROS. 28802848 0 42 theme pectic 52:57 arg1 polysaccharide 59:72 pectic polysaccharide 52:72 pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata) 52:108 Structure and intracellular antioxidant activity of pectic polysaccharide from acerola (Malpighia emarginata). 28802848 6 43 link -linked 805:811 arg1 α-Araf 813:818 (1→5)-linked α-Araf 800:818 (1→5)-linked α-Araf 800:818 The main chain of arabinan consisted of (1→5)-linked α-Araf, branched only at O-3. 28802848 7 44 theme oxidative 922:930 arg1 stress 932:937 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 909:937 H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 909:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 8 45 theme oxygen 1116:1121 arg1 ROS 1132:1134 ROS 1132:1134 ROS 1132:1134 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 8 45 theme oxygen 1116:1121 arg1 species 1123:1129 reactive oxygen species 1107:1129 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1107:1135 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 1 46 theme fruit 146:150 arg1 plant 152:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 1 46 theme fruit 146:150 arg1 emarginata 121:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 2 47 theme aqueous 322:328 arg1 extraction 330:339 aqueous extraction 322:339 aqueous extraction 322:339 Its polysaccharides were obtained by aqueous extraction, subjected to a freezing and thawing process and ultrafiltration. 28802848 8 48 theme reactive 1107:1114 arg1 ROS 1132:1134 ROS 1132:1134 ROS 1132:1134 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 8 48 theme reactive 1107:1114 arg1 species 1123:1129 reactive oxygen species 1107:1129 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1107:1135 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 6 49 theme -linked 805:811 arg1 α-Araf 813:818 (1→5)-linked α-Araf 800:818 (1→5)-linked α-Araf 800:818 The main chain of arabinan consisted of (1→5)-linked α-Araf, branched only at O-3. 28802848 1 50 theme tropical 137:144 arg1 plant 152:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 a tropical fruit plant 135:156 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 1 50 theme tropical 137:144 arg1 emarginata 121:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata 111:130 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 28802848 7 51 theme intracellular 866:878 arg1 activity 892:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity 843:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 843:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 7 52 from stress 932:937 arg1 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 3T3 971:973 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 7 52 from stress 932:937 arg1 line 965:968 murine fibroblast cell line 942:968 murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 942:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 5 53 theme rhamnogalacturonan 732:749 arg1 regions 751:757 type I rhamnogalacturonan regions 725:757 type I rhamnogalacturonan regions 725:757 This latter is anchored in type I rhamnogalacturonan regions. 28802848 2 54 theme freezing 357:364 arg1 process 378:384 process 378:384 process 378:384 Its polysaccharides were obtained by aqueous extraction, subjected to a freezing and thawing process and ultrafiltration. 28802848 7 55 theme antioxidant 880:890 arg1 activity 892:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity 843:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 843:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 8 56 theme species 1123:1129 arg1 effect 1082:1087 H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect 1059:1087 H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect 1059:1087 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 8 56 theme species 1123:1129 arg1 levels 1097:1102 the levels 1093:1102 the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1093:1135 The treatment with ACWS-01E significantly reduced H2O2-induced cytotoxic effect and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 28802848 2 57 dep process 378:384 arg1 a 355:355 a 355:355 a 355:355 Its polysaccharides were obtained by aqueous extraction, subjected to a freezing and thawing process and ultrafiltration. 28802848 3 58 theme spectroscopy 503:514 arg1 analyses 516:523 NMR spectroscopy analyses 499:523 NMR spectroscopy analyses 499:523 A homogeneous fraction (ACWS-01E) was analyzed by sugar composition, HPSEC, methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses. 28802848 7 59 theme potential 847:855 arg1 activity 892:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity 843:899 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) 843:974 The potential ACWS-01E intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine fibroblast cell line (3T3) was determined by DCFH-DA assay. 28802848 1 60 theme edible 235:240 arg1 fruit 242:246 an edible fruit 232:246 an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry 232:282 Malpighia emarginata is a tropical fruit plant, found naturally in the Caribbean islands and South America that produces an edible fruit known as acerola or Barbados Cherry. 29287329 6 0 dep exhibited 978:986 arg1 whereas 1139:1145 whereas 1139:1145 whereas 1139:1145 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 1 1 theme extraction 157:166 arg1 technology 174:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 1 2 theme processing 246:255 arg1 by-products 257:267 the processing by-products 242:267 the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 242:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 5 3 theme rheological 841:851 arg1 property 853:860 rheological property 841:860 rheological property 841:860 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 6 4 theme higher 1165:1170 arg1 activity 1172:1179 higher activity 1165:1179 higher activity 1165:1179 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 3 5 theme optimized 510:518 arg1 conditions 531:540 optimized extraction conditions 510:540 optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology 510:618 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 5 theme optimized 510:518 arg1 126 °C 555:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 5 theme optimized 510:518 arg1 22 min 577:582 22 min 577:582 22 min 577:582 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 6 theme temperature 543:553 arg1 conditions 531:540 optimized extraction conditions 510:540 optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology 510:618 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 6 theme temperature 543:553 arg1 126 °C 555:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 6 7 theme DPPH 1093:1096 arg1 ability 1130:1136 DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability 1093:1136 DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability 1093:1136 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 6 8 theme radical 1111:1117 arg1 ability 1130:1136 DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability 1093:1136 DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability 1093:1136 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 6 9 theme hydroxyl 1102:1109 arg1 radical 1111:1117 hydroxyl radical 1102:1117 hydroxyl radical 1102:1117 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 2 10 theme antioxidant 370:380 arg1 activities 382:391 antioxidant activities 370:391 antioxidant activities 370:391 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 1 11 theme Chimonobambusa 272:285 arg1 CPS 303:305 CPS 303:305 CPS 303:305 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 1 11 theme Chimonobambusa 272:285 arg1 quadrangularis 287:300 Chimonobambusa quadrangularis 272:300 Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 272:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 5 12 theme molecular 810:818 arg1 distribution 827:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 1 13 theme ASE 169:171 arg1 technology 174:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 0 14 from by-products 46:56 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 0:107 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 29287329 5 15 theme primary 933:939 arg1 structure 941:949 the primary structure 929:949 the primary structure 929:949 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 4 16 from ASE 655:657 arg1 polysaccharides 634:648 polysaccharides 634:648 polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) 634:673 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 4 16 from ASE 655:657 arg1 higher 693:698 higher 693:698 higher 693:698 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 4 16 from ASE 655:657 arg1 yield 625:629 The yield 621:629 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) 621:673 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 6 17 theme absorbance 1045:1054 arg1 ORAC 1066:1069 ORAC 1066:1069 ORAC 1066:1069 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 6 17 theme absorbance 1045:1054 arg1 capacity 1056:1063 oxygen radical absorbance capacity 1030:1063 oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) 1030:1070 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 3 18 theme extraction 520:529 arg1 conditions 531:540 optimized extraction conditions 510:540 optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology 510:618 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 18 theme extraction 520:529 arg1 126 °C 555:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 18 theme extraction 520:529 arg1 22 min 577:582 22 min 577:582 22 min 577:582 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 5 19 with ASE 767:769 arg1 distribution 827:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 19 with ASE 767:769 arg1 property 853:860 rheological property 841:860 rheological property 841:860 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 19 with ASE 767:769 arg1 composition 797:807 the chemical composition 784:807 the chemical composition 784:807 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 19 with ASE 767:769 arg1 activities 879:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 6 20 theme radical 1037:1043 arg1 ORAC 1066:1069 ORAC 1066:1069 ORAC 1066:1069 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 6 20 theme radical 1037:1043 arg1 capacity 1056:1063 oxygen radical absorbance capacity 1030:1063 oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) 1030:1070 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 4 21 theme polysaccharides 634:648 arg1 higher 693:698 higher 693:698 higher 693:698 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 4 21 theme polysaccharides 634:648 arg1 yield 625:629 The yield 621:629 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) 621:673 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 1 22 theme quadrangularis 287:300 arg1 by-products 257:267 the processing by-products 242:267 the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 242:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 2 23 theme extraction 313:322 arg1 yields 324:329 The extraction yields 309:329 The extraction yields 309:329 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 2 24 theme CPS 396:398 arg1 characterization 348:363 physicochemical characterization 332:363 physicochemical characterization 332:363 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 2 24 theme CPS 396:398 arg1 activities 382:391 antioxidant activities 370:391 antioxidant activities 370:391 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 2 24 theme CPS 396:398 arg1 yields 324:329 The extraction yields 309:329 The extraction yields 309:329 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 0 25 theme shoots 28:33 arg1 by-products 46:56 bamboo shoots processing by-products 21:56 bamboo shoots processing by-products 21:56 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 29287329 5 26 theme obtained 897:904 arg1 polysaccharides 906:920 the obtained polysaccharides 893:920 the obtained polysaccharides 893:920 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 0 27 theme bamboo 21:26 arg1 by-products 46:56 bamboo shoots processing by-products 21:56 bamboo shoots processing by-products 21:56 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 29287329 5 28 theme polysaccharides 906:920 arg1 distribution 827:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 28 theme polysaccharides 906:920 arg1 property 853:860 rheological property 841:860 rheological property 841:860 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 28 theme polysaccharides 906:920 arg1 composition 797:807 the chemical composition 784:807 the chemical composition 784:807 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 28 theme polysaccharides 906:920 arg1 activities 879:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 4 29 from yield 625:629 arg1 % 672:672 9.96% ± 0.39% 660:672 9.96% ± 0.39% 660:672 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 4 29 from yield 625:629 arg1 ASE 655:657 ASE 655:657 ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) 655:673 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 2 30 theme water 424:428 arg1 HWE 442:444 HWE 442:444 HWE 442:444 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 2 30 theme water 424:428 arg1 extraction 430:439 hot water extraction 420:439 hot water extraction (HWE) 420:445 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 5 31 with HWE 775:777 arg1 distribution 827:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 31 with HWE 775:777 arg1 property 853:860 rheological property 841:860 rheological property 841:860 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 31 with HWE 775:777 arg1 composition 797:807 the chemical composition 784:807 the chemical composition 784:807 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 5 31 with HWE 775:777 arg1 activities 879:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 1 32 theme rapid 201:205 arg1 extraction 207:216 rapid extraction 201:216 rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 201:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 6 33 theme activity 1200:1207 arg1 assay 1209:1213 metal chelating activity assay 1184:1213 metal chelating activity assay 1184:1213 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 5 34 theme weight 820:825 arg1 distribution 827:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 molecular weight distribution 810:838 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 2 35 theme hot 420:422 arg1 HWE 442:444 HWE 442:444 HWE 442:444 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 2 35 theme hot 420:422 arg1 extraction 430:439 hot water extraction 420:439 hot water extraction (HWE) 420:445 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 0 36 theme processing 35:44 arg1 by-products 46:56 bamboo shoots processing by-products 21:56 bamboo shoots processing by-products 21:56 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 29287329 1 37 from by-products 257:267 arg1 polysaccharides 221:235 polysaccharides 221:235 polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 221:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 1 37 from by-products 257:267 arg1 extraction 207:216 rapid extraction 201:216 rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 201:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 6 38 theme chelating 1190:1198 arg1 assay 1209:1213 metal chelating activity assay 1184:1213 metal chelating activity assay 1184:1213 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 5 39 theme chemical 788:795 arg1 composition 797:807 the chemical composition 784:807 the chemical composition 784:807 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 0 40 theme New 59:61 arg1 insight 63:69 New insight 59:69 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 0:107 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 29287329 6 41 theme metal 1184:1188 arg1 assay 1209:1213 metal chelating activity assay 1184:1213 metal chelating activity assay 1184:1213 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 1 42 from extraction 207:216 arg1 by-products 257:267 the processing by-products 242:267 the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 242:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 3 43 dep conditions 531:540 arg1 conditions 531:540 optimized extraction conditions 510:540 optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology 510:618 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 43 dep conditions 531:540 arg1 126 °C 555:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 temperature 126 °C 543:560 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 43 dep conditions 531:540 arg1 cycles 565:570 2 cycles 563:570 2 cycles 563:570 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 3 43 dep conditions 531:540 arg1 22 min 577:582 22 min 577:582 22 min 577:582 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 6 44 theme oxygen 1030:1035 arg1 ORAC 1066:1069 ORAC 1066:1069 ORAC 1066:1069 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 6 44 theme oxygen 1030:1035 arg1 capacity 1056:1063 oxygen radical absorbance capacity 1030:1063 oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) 1030:1070 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 3 45 theme maximal 472:478 arg1 yield 488:492 A maximal ASE-CPS yield 470:492 A maximal ASE-CPS yield 470:492 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 5 46 theme antioxidant 867:877 arg1 activities 879:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 antioxidant activities 867:888 Differences were found between ASE and HWE with the chemical composition, molecular weight distribution, rheological property, and antioxidant activities of the obtained polysaccharides, while the primary structure remained the same. 29287329 3 47 theme surface 600:606 arg1 methodology 608:618 response surface methodology 591:618 response surface methodology 591:618 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 4 48 theme % 664:664 arg1 % 672:672 9.96% ± 0.39% 660:672 9.96% ± 0.39% 660:672 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 4 48 theme % 664:664 arg1 ASE 655:657 ASE 655:657 ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) 655:673 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 2 49 theme physicochemical 332:346 arg1 characterization 348:363 physicochemical characterization 332:363 physicochemical characterization 332:363 The extraction yields, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activities of CPS obtained by ASE and hot water extraction (HWE) were further compared. 29287329 6 50 theme reducing 1073:1080 arg1 power 1082:1086 reducing power 1073:1086 reducing power 1073:1086 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 6 51 theme scavenging 1119:1128 arg1 ability 1130:1136 DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability 1093:1136 DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability 1093:1136 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 4 52 theme % 724:724 arg1 HWE 715:717 HWE 715:717 HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%) 715:733 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 4 52 theme % 724:724 arg1 % 732:732 7.16% ± 0.32% 720:732 7.16% ± 0.32% 720:732 The yield of polysaccharides from ASE (9.96% ± 0.39%) was significantly higher than that from HWE (7.16% ± 0.32%). 29287329 1 53 theme efficient 127:135 arg1 technology 174:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 1 54 theme polysaccharides 221:235 arg1 extraction 207:216 rapid extraction 201:216 rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS) 201:306 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 6 55 theme chemical 995:1002 arg1 activities 1016:1025 better chemical antioxidant activities 988:1025 better chemical antioxidant activities 988:1025 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 29287329 3 56 theme response 591:598 arg1 methodology 608:618 response surface methodology 591:618 response surface methodology 591:618 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 1 57 theme accelerated 137:147 arg1 technology 174:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 3 58 theme ASE-CPS 480:486 arg1 yield 488:492 A maximal ASE-CPS yield 470:492 A maximal ASE-CPS yield 470:492 A maximal ASE-CPS yield was obtained by optimized extraction conditions (temperature 126 °C, 2 cycles, and 22 min) using response surface methodology. 29287329 0 59 dep Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 insight 63:69 New insight 59:69 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 0:107 Polysaccharides from bamboo shoots processing by-products: New insight into extraction and characterization. 29287329 1 60 theme solvent 149:155 arg1 technology 174:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology 124:183 In this study, an efficient accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied for rapid extraction of polysaccharides from the processing by-products of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (CPS). 29287329 6 61 theme antioxidant 1004:1014 arg1 activities 1016:1025 better chemical antioxidant activities 988:1025 better chemical antioxidant activities 988:1025 ASE-CPS exhibited better chemical antioxidant activities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, and DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, whereas HWE-CPS displayed higher activity in metal chelating activity assay. 26686153 0 0 theme enhancing 82:90 arg1 activity 104:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 1 from extraction 11:20 arg1 mulberry 46:53 mulberry 46:53 mulberry 46:53 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 1 from extraction 11:20 arg1 activity 104:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 6 2 theme little 865:870 arg1 activity 884:891 very little antioxidant activity 860:891 very little antioxidant activity 860:891 Therefore, highly concentrated MLPs were shown to have very little antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 3 theme antioxidant 92:102 arg1 activity 104:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 4 4 theme monosaccharide 577:590 arg1 composition 592:602 monosaccharide composition 577:602 monosaccharide composition 577:602 The carbohydrate content, FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition of the MLPs were also investigated. 26686153 10 5 theme antioxidant 1239:1249 arg1 enhancer 1260:1267 an antioxidant activity enhancer 1236:1267 an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry 1236:1288 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 10 5 theme antioxidant 1239:1249 arg1 MLPs 1216:1219 MLPs 1216:1219 MLPs 1216:1219 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 4 6 theme carbohydrate 536:547 arg1 content 549:555 carbohydrate content 536:555 carbohydrate content 536:555 The carbohydrate content, FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition of the MLPs were also investigated. 26686153 2 7 theme min 334:336 arg1 time 323:326 an extraction time 309:326 an extraction time of 80 min 309:336 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 7 theme min 334:336 arg1 temperature 287:297 an extraction temperature 273:297 an extraction temperature of 57 °C 273:306 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 7 theme min 334:336 arg1 ratio 357:361 a liquid/solid ratio 342:361 a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 342:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 8 theme leaf 388:391 arg1 % 435:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 8 theme leaf 388:391 arg1 yield 414:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 9 theme temperature 287:297 arg1 conditions 259:268 the optimum conditions 247:268 the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 247:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 0 10 from mulberry 46:53 arg1 polysaccharides 25:39 polysaccharides 25:39 polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 25:60 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 10 from mulberry 46:53 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasound extraction 0:20 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 0:60 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 10 from mulberry 46:53 arg1 effect 72:77 their effect 66:77 their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity 66:111 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 10 11 used used 1228:1231 arg2 MLPs 1216:1219 MLPs 1216:1219 MLPs 1216:1219 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 10 11 used used 1228:1231 arg2 enhancer 1260:1267 an antioxidant activity enhancer 1236:1267 an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry 1236:1288 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 2 12 theme extraction 276:285 arg1 temperature 287:297 an extraction temperature 273:297 an extraction temperature of 57 °C 273:306 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 13 theme mL/g 369:372 arg1 time 323:326 an extraction time 309:326 an extraction time of 80 min 309:336 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 13 theme mL/g 369:372 arg1 temperature 287:297 an extraction temperature 273:297 an extraction temperature of 57 °C 273:306 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 13 theme mL/g 369:372 arg1 ratio 357:361 a liquid/solid ratio 342:361 a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 342:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 3 14 theme MLPs 463:466 arg1 fractions 450:458 three fractions 444:458 three fractions of MLPs 444:466 Then, three fractions of MLPs were obtained by deproteinization, dialysis and decolorization. 26686153 2 15 theme extraction 312:321 arg1 time 323:326 an extraction time 309:326 an extraction time of 80 min 309:336 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 1 16 theme ultrasound-assisted 169:187 arg1 extraction 189:198 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 165:198 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 165:238 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 0 17 theme Ultrasound 0:9 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasound extraction 0:20 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 0:60 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 9 18 contain have 1104:1107 arg1 MLPs 1099:1102 the MLPs 1095:1102 the MLPs 1095:1102 Although the MLPs have very little antioxidant activity alone, they greatly enhance the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. 26686153 9 18 contain have 1104:1107 arg2 activity 1133:1140 very little antioxidant activity 1109:1140 very little antioxidant activity 1109:1140 Although the MLPs have very little antioxidant activity alone, they greatly enhance the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. 26686153 9 19 theme antioxidant 1174:1184 arg1 activity 1186:1193 the antioxidant activity 1170:1193 the antioxidant activity of flavonoids 1170:1207 Although the MLPs have very little antioxidant activity alone, they greatly enhance the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. 26686153 9 20 theme flavonoids 1198:1207 arg1 activity 1186:1193 the antioxidant activity 1170:1193 the antioxidant activity of flavonoids 1170:1207 Although the MLPs have very little antioxidant activity alone, they greatly enhance the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. 26686153 0 21 theme polysaccharides 25:39 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasound extraction 0:20 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 0:60 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 21 theme polysaccharides 25:39 arg1 effect 72:77 their effect 66:77 their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity 66:111 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 8 22 theme synergistic 1038:1048 arg1 effect 1050:1055 a synergistic effect 1036:1055 a synergistic effect 1036:1055 This result showed that MLPs and quercetin have a synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity. 26686153 2 23 theme polysaccharide 393:406 arg1 % 435:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 23 theme polysaccharide 393:406 arg1 yield 414:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 5 24 theme MLP 793:795 arg1 purity 797:802 the increasing MLP purity 778:802 the increasing MLP purity 778:802 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were compared, and the results indicated that the antioxidant activities decreased with the increasing MLP purity. 26686153 2 25 theme °C 305:306 arg1 time 323:326 an extraction time 309:326 an extraction time of 80 min 309:336 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 25 theme °C 305:306 arg1 temperature 287:297 an extraction temperature 273:297 an extraction temperature of 57 °C 273:306 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 25 theme °C 305:306 arg1 ratio 357:361 a liquid/solid ratio 342:361 a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 342:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 1 26 theme polysaccharides 203:217 arg1 extraction 189:198 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 165:198 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 165:238 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 2 27 theme 0.29 431:434 arg1 ± 429:429 ± 429:429 ± 429:429 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 6 28 contain have 855:858 arg2 activity 884:891 very little antioxidant activity 860:891 very little antioxidant activity 860:891 Therefore, highly concentrated MLPs were shown to have very little antioxidant activity. 26686153 6 28 contain have 855:858 arg1 MLPs 836:839 highly concentrated MLPs 816:839 highly concentrated MLPs 816:839 Therefore, highly concentrated MLPs were shown to have very little antioxidant activity. 26686153 10 29 theme activity 1251:1258 arg1 enhancer 1260:1267 an antioxidant activity enhancer 1236:1267 an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry 1236:1288 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 10 29 theme activity 1251:1258 arg1 MLPs 1216:1219 MLPs 1216:1219 MLPs 1216:1219 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 2 30 theme mulberry 379:386 arg1 % 435:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 30 theme mulberry 379:386 arg1 yield 414:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 5 31 theme antioxidant 740:750 arg1 activities 752:761 the antioxidant activities 736:761 the antioxidant activities 736:761 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were compared, and the results indicated that the antioxidant activities decreased with the increasing MLP purity. 26686153 5 32 theme fractions 680:688 arg1 activities 656:665 The antioxidant activities 640:665 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions 640:688 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were compared, and the results indicated that the antioxidant activities decreased with the increasing MLP purity. 26686153 0 33 from effect 72:77 arg1 mulberry 46:53 mulberry 46:53 mulberry 46:53 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 33 from effect 72:77 arg1 activity 104:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 enhancing antioxidant activity 82:111 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 2 34 theme MLP 409:411 arg1 % 435:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 6.92 ± 0.29% 424:435 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 2 34 theme MLP 409:411 arg1 yield 414:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield 375:418 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 5 35 theme increasing 782:791 arg1 purity 797:802 the increasing MLP purity 778:802 the increasing MLP purity 778:802 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were compared, and the results indicated that the antioxidant activities decreased with the increasing MLP purity. 26686153 2 36 theme 6.92 424:427 arg1 ± 429:429 ± 429:429 ± 429:429 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 8 37 theme antioxidant 1064:1074 arg1 activity 1076:1083 the antioxidant activity 1060:1083 the antioxidant activity 1060:1083 This result showed that MLPs and quercetin have a synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity. 26686153 0 38 dep mulberry 46:53 arg1 leaves 55:60 leaves 55:60 leaves 55:60 Ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves and their effect on enhancing antioxidant activity. 26686153 1 39 from mulberry 224:231 arg1 polysaccharides 203:217 polysaccharides 203:217 polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 203:238 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 1 39 from mulberry 224:231 arg1 extraction 189:198 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 165:198 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves 165:238 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 1 40 theme Box-Behnken 116:126 arg1 BBD 136:138 BBD 136:138 BBD 136:138 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 1 40 theme Box-Behnken 116:126 arg1 design 128:133 A Box-Behnken design 114:133 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) 114:139 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 6 41 theme antioxidant 872:882 arg1 activity 884:891 very little antioxidant activity 860:891 very little antioxidant activity 860:891 Therefore, highly concentrated MLPs were shown to have very little antioxidant activity. 26686153 6 42 theme concentrated 823:834 arg1 MLPs 836:839 highly concentrated MLPs 816:839 highly concentrated MLPs 816:839 Therefore, highly concentrated MLPs were shown to have very little antioxidant activity. 26686153 5 43 theme antioxidant 644:654 arg1 activities 656:665 The antioxidant activities 640:665 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions 640:688 The antioxidant activities of the three fractions were compared, and the results indicated that the antioxidant activities decreased with the increasing MLP purity. 26686153 10 44 from enhancer 1260:1267 arg1 industry 1281:1288 the food industry 1272:1288 the food industry 1272:1288 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 10 45 theme food 1276:1279 arg1 industry 1281:1288 the food industry 1272:1288 the food industry 1272:1288 Thus, MLPs can be used as an antioxidant activity enhancer in the food industry. 26686153 4 46 theme FT-IR 558:562 arg1 spectrum 564:571 FT-IR spectrum 558:571 FT-IR spectrum 558:571 The carbohydrate content, FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition of the MLPs were also investigated. 26686153 9 47 theme little 1114:1119 arg1 activity 1133:1140 very little antioxidant activity 1109:1140 very little antioxidant activity 1109:1140 Although the MLPs have very little antioxidant activity alone, they greatly enhance the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. 26686153 1 48 dep mulberry 224:231 arg1 leaves 233:238 leaves 233:238 leaves 233:238 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 7 49 theme antioxidant 936:946 arg1 activities 948:957 the antioxidant activities 932:957 the antioxidant activities 932:957 After quercetin (10 μg/mL) was added, the antioxidant activities were improved significantly. 26686153 2 50 theme time 323:326 arg1 conditions 259:268 the optimum conditions 247:268 the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 247:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 8 51 contain have 1031:1034 arg1 quercetin 1021:1029 quercetin 1021:1029 quercetin 1021:1029 This result showed that MLPs and quercetin have a synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity. 26686153 8 51 contain have 1031:1034 arg1 MLPs 1012:1015 MLPs 1012:1015 MLPs 1012:1015 This result showed that MLPs and quercetin have a synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity. 26686153 8 51 contain have 1031:1034 arg2 effect 1050:1055 a synergistic effect 1036:1055 a synergistic effect 1036:1055 This result showed that MLPs and quercetin have a synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity. 26686153 1 52 from extraction 189:198 arg1 mulberry 224:231 mulberry 224:231 mulberry 224:231 A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves. 26686153 2 53 theme ratio 357:361 arg1 conditions 259:268 the optimum conditions 247:268 the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 247:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 4 54 theme MLPs 611:614 arg1 content 549:555 carbohydrate content 536:555 carbohydrate content 536:555 The carbohydrate content, FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition of the MLPs were also investigated. 26686153 4 54 theme MLPs 611:614 arg1 spectrum 564:571 FT-IR spectrum 558:571 FT-IR spectrum 558:571 The carbohydrate content, FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition of the MLPs were also investigated. 26686153 4 54 theme MLPs 611:614 arg1 composition 592:602 monosaccharide composition 577:602 monosaccharide composition 577:602 The carbohydrate content, FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition of the MLPs were also investigated. 26686153 2 55 theme optimum 251:257 arg1 conditions 259:268 the optimum conditions 247:268 the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 247:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 26686153 9 56 theme antioxidant 1121:1131 arg1 activity 1133:1140 very little antioxidant activity 1109:1140 very little antioxidant activity 1109:1140 Although the MLPs have very little antioxidant activity alone, they greatly enhance the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. 26686153 2 57 theme liquid/solid 344:355 arg1 ratio 357:361 a liquid/solid ratio 342:361 a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g 342:372 Under the optimum conditions of an extraction temperature of 57 °C, an extraction time of 80 min and a liquid/solid ratio of 53 mL/g, the mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) yield was 6.92 ± 0.29%. 25129798 8 0 theme increased 982:990 arg1 content 1003:1009 increased monolignol content 982:1009 increased monolignol content 982:1009 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 0 1 theme coffee 64:69 arg1 cells 96:100 coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells 64:100 coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells 64:100 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 3 2 from increases 485:493 arg1 acid 505:508 uronic acid 498:508 uronic acid in all fractions 498:525 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 2 3 theme leaf 246:249 arg1 polysaccharides 251:265 Coffee leaf polysaccharides 239:265 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress 239:302 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 2 4 from plants 272:277 arg1 polysaccharides 251:265 Coffee leaf polysaccharides 239:265 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress 239:302 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 8 5 theme monolignol 992:1001 arg1 content 1003:1009 increased monolignol content 982:1009 increased monolignol content 982:1009 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 2 6 theme Coffee 239:244 arg1 polysaccharides 251:265 Coffee leaf polysaccharides 239:265 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress 239:302 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 1 7 theme sustainable 215:225 arg1 irrigation 227:236 its sustainable irrigation 211:236 its sustainable irrigation 211:236 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 8 8 from alterations 940:950 arg1 content 1003:1009 increased monolignol content 982:1009 increased monolignol content 982:1009 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 8 8 from alterations 940:950 arg1 damage 1026:1031 structural damage 1015:1031 structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll 1015:1061 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 8 8 from alterations 940:950 arg1 polysaccharides 965:979 cell wall polysaccharides 955:979 cell wall polysaccharides 955:979 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 8 9 theme structural 1015:1024 arg1 damage 1026:1031 structural damage 1015:1031 structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll 1015:1061 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 1 10 theme important 130:138 arg1 commodity 153:161 the most important agricultural commodity 121:161 the most important agricultural commodity in the world 121:174 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 1 10 theme important 130:138 arg1 arabica 110:116 Coffea arabica 103:116 Coffea arabica 103:116 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 8 11 theme cell 955:958 arg1 polysaccharides 965:979 cell wall polysaccharides 955:979 cell wall polysaccharides 955:979 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 0 12 dep Coffea 72:77 arg1 L. 87:88 Coffea arabica L. 72:88 Coffea arabica L. 72:88 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 7 13 theme lamellae 810:817 arg1 arrangement 784:794 The arrangement 780:794 The arrangement of the stroma lamellae 780:817 The arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. 25129798 1 14 theme agricultural 140:151 arg1 commodity 153:161 the most important agricultural commodity 121:161 the most important agricultural commodity in the world 121:174 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 1 14 theme agricultural 140:151 arg1 arabica 110:116 Coffea arabica 103:116 Coffea arabica 103:116 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 8 15 theme mesophyll 1053:1061 arg1 cells 1040:1044 the cells 1036:1044 the cells of the mesophyll 1036:1061 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 5 16 theme increased 677:685 arg1 content 694:700 increased lignin content 677:700 increased lignin content 677:700 Moreover, the monolignol content was increased in the final residue, which suggests increased lignin content. 25129798 0 17 theme Salt 0:3 arg1 stress 5:10 Salt stress 0:10 Salt stress 0:10 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 5 18 theme monolignol 607:616 arg1 content 618:624 the monolignol content 603:624 the monolignol content 603:624 Moreover, the monolignol content was increased in the final residue, which suggests increased lignin content. 25129798 3 19 located detected 403:410 arg2 Alterations 386:396 Alterations 386:396 Alterations 386:396 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 3 19 located detected 403:410 arg1 composition 434:444 the monosaccharide composition 415:444 the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses 415:477 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 4 20 from Changes 528:534 arg1 polysaccharides 543:557 the polysaccharides 539:557 the polysaccharides 539:557 Changes in the polysaccharides were confirmed by HPSEC and FTIR. 25129798 0 21 theme cells 96:100 arg1 anatomy 53:59 anatomy 53:59 anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells 53:100 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 0 21 theme cells 96:100 arg1 polysaccharides 33:47 the cell wall polysaccharides 19:47 the cell wall polysaccharides 19:47 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 8 22 theme wall 960:963 arg1 polysaccharides 965:979 cell wall polysaccharides 955:979 cell wall polysaccharides 955:979 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 7 23 theme stroma 803:808 arg1 lamellae 810:817 the stroma lamellae 799:817 the stroma lamellae 799:817 The arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. 25129798 0 24 theme leaf 91:94 arg1 cells 96:100 coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells 64:100 coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells 64:100 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 0 25 theme wall 28:31 arg1 polysaccharides 33:47 the cell wall polysaccharides 19:47 the cell wall polysaccharides 19:47 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 1 26 from threat 201:206 arg1 world 170:174 the world 166:174 the world 166:174 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 6 27 from irregular 760:768 arg1 shape 773:777 shape 773:777 shape 773:777 The cytoplasm was altered, and the chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape. 25129798 3 28 theme monosaccharide 419:432 arg1 composition 434:444 the monosaccharide composition 415:444 the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses 415:477 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 0 29 theme cell 23:26 arg1 polysaccharides 33:47 the cell wall polysaccharides 19:47 the cell wall polysaccharides 19:47 Salt stress alters the cell wall polysaccharides and anatomy of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaf cells. 25129798 5 30 theme lignin 687:692 arg1 content 694:700 increased lignin content 677:700 increased lignin content 677:700 Moreover, the monolignol content was increased in the final residue, which suggests increased lignin content. 25129798 2 31 theme electron 365:372 arg1 microscopy 374:383 optical and electron microscopy 353:383 microscopy 374:383 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 3 32 theme hemicelluloses 464:477 arg1 composition 434:444 the monosaccharide composition 415:444 the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses 415:477 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 5 33 theme final 647:651 arg1 residue 653:659 the final residue 643:659 the final residue 643:659 Moreover, the monolignol content was increased in the final residue, which suggests increased lignin content. 25129798 6 34 from shape 773:777 arg1 irregular 760:768 irregular 760:768 irregular 760:768 The cytoplasm was altered, and the chloroplasts appeared irregular in shape. 25129798 8 35 theme salt 921:924 arg1 stress 926:931 salt stress 921:931 salt stress 921:931 It was concluded that leaves of C. arabica under salt stress showed alterations in cell wall polysaccharides, increased monolignol content and structural damage to the cells of the mesophyll. 25129798 2 36 theme salt 292:295 arg1 stress 297:302 salt stress 292:302 salt stress 292:302 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 2 37 dep the 323:325 arg1 leaves 327:332 leaves 327:332 leaves 327:332 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 3 38 dep pectin 453:458 arg1 the 449:451 the 449:451 the 449:451 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 1 39 from commodity 153:161 arg1 world 170:174 the world 166:174 the world 166:174 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 1 40 theme Coffea 103:108 arg1 commodity 153:161 the most important agricultural commodity 121:161 the most important agricultural commodity in the world 121:174 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 1 40 theme Coffea 103:108 arg1 arabica 110:116 Coffea arabica 103:116 Coffea arabica 103:116 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 3 41 theme pectin 453:458 arg1 composition 434:444 the monosaccharide composition 415:444 the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses 415:477 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 7 42 theme starch 842:847 arg1 granules 849:856 no starch granules 839:856 no starch granules 839:856 The arrangement of the stroma lamellae was disordered, and no starch granules were present. 25129798 2 43 theme optical 353:359 arg1 microscopy 374:383 optical and electron microscopy 353:383 microscopy 374:383 Coffee leaf polysaccharides from plants subjected to salt stress were extracted and the leaves visualized through optical and electron microscopy. 25129798 3 44 theme uronic 498:503 arg1 acid 505:508 uronic acid 498:508 uronic acid in all fractions 498:525 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 3 45 from acid 505:508 arg1 fractions 517:525 all fractions 513:525 all fractions 513:525 Alterations were detected in the monosaccharide composition of the pectin and hemicelluloses, with increases in uronic acid in all fractions. 25129798 1 46 theme major 195:199 arg1 salinity 181:188 salinity 181:188 salinity 181:188 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 25129798 1 46 theme major 195:199 arg1 threat 201:206 a major threat 193:206 a major threat to its sustainable irrigation 193:236 Coffea arabica is the most important agricultural commodity in the world, and salinity is a major threat to its sustainable irrigation. 26743656 0 0 theme medicinal 110:118 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 2 1 from information 228:238 arg1 differences 273:283 their chemical and biological differences 243:283 their chemical and biological differences between mushrooms 243:301 However, information on their chemical and biological differences between mushrooms remains limited. 26743656 6 2 from degree 1020:1025 arg1 polysaccharides 1072:1086 all polysaccharides 1068:1086 all polysaccharides 1068:1086 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides ranged from 0.21 to 0.26, with the exception of GF-P (0.38). 26743656 0 3 from properties 48:57 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 1 4 theme pharmacological 191:205 arg1 activities 207:216 various pharmacological activities 183:216 various pharmacological activities 183:216 Mushroom polysaccharides have been known to possess various pharmacological activities. 26743656 0 5 theme selected 101:108 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 4 6 theme predominant 884:894 arg1 monosaccharide 896:909 the predominant monosaccharide 880:909 the predominant monosaccharide 880:909 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 4 6 theme predominant 884:894 arg1 glucose 868:874 glucose 868:874 glucose 868:874 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 3 7 dep aimed 338:342 arg1 followed 576:583 followed 576:583 followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 576:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 8 theme -stimulated 683:693 arg1 macrophages 704:714 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 659:714 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 659:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 7 9 dep populations 1286:1296 arg1 >200 kDa 1308:1315 >200 kDa 1308:1315 >200 kDa 1308:1315 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 9 dep populations 1286:1296 arg1 < 1299:1299 < 1299:1299 < 1299:1299 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 4 10 theme preparation 765:775 arg1 conditions 751:760 similar conditions 743:760 similar conditions of preparation 743:775 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 3 11 from effects 616:622 arg1 production 645:654 nitric oxide (NO) production 627:654 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 627:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 0 12 from bioactivities 63:75 arg1 mushrooms 120:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 selected medicinal mushrooms 101:128 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 4 13 theme monosaccharide 782:795 arg1 composition 797:807 the monosaccharide composition 778:807 the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides 778:826 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 3 14 theme polysaccharides 409:423 arg1 characteristics 390:404 physicochemical characteristics 374:404 physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P) 374:573 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 8 15 from production 1542:1551 arg1 cells 1580:1584 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1556:1584 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1556:1584 These polysaccharides showed different inhibitory potency on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 26743656 3 16 theme Phellinus 550:558 arg1 linteus 560:566 Phellinus linteus 550:566 Phellinus linteus (PL-P) 550:573 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 16 theme Phellinus 550:558 arg1 PL-P 569:572 PL-P 569:572 PL-P 569:572 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 6 17 theme -β-D-glucans 1052:1063 arg1 branching 1030:1038 branching 1030:1038 branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 1030:1063 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides ranged from 0.21 to 0.26, with the exception of GF-P (0.38). 26743656 1 18 contain possess 175:181 arg2 activities 207:216 various pharmacological activities 183:216 various pharmacological activities 183:216 Mushroom polysaccharides have been known to possess various pharmacological activities. 26743656 1 18 contain possess 175:181 arg1 polysaccharides 140:154 Mushroom polysaccharides 131:154 Mushroom polysaccharides 131:154 Mushroom polysaccharides have been known to possess various pharmacological activities. 26743656 7 19 theme different 1174:1182 arg1 polysaccharides 1184:1198 different polysaccharides 1174:1198 different polysaccharides 1174:1198 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 20 theme polysaccharides 1184:1198 arg1 weights 1163:1169 The molecular weights 1149:1169 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides 1149:1198 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 4 21 theme similar 743:749 arg1 conditions 751:760 similar conditions 743:760 similar conditions of preparation 743:775 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 7 22 theme macromolecular 1271:1284 arg1 populations 1286:1296 two major macromolecular populations 1261:1296 two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) 1261:1316 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 0 23 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 characterization 12:27 Comparative characterization 0:27 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 0:129 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 8 24 theme different 1507:1515 arg1 potency 1528:1534 different inhibitory potency 1507:1534 different inhibitory potency 1507:1534 These polysaccharides showed different inhibitory potency on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 26743656 7 25 theme molecular 1418:1426 arg1 weight 1428:1433 a low molecular weight 1412:1433 a low molecular weight population 1412:1444 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 26 dep distributions 1215:1227 arg1 CV-P 1236:1239 CV-P 1236:1239 CV-P 1236:1239 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 26 dep distributions 1215:1227 arg1 GF-P 1246:1249 GF-P 1246:1249 GF-P 1246:1249 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 26 dep distributions 1215:1227 arg1 AC-P 1230:1233 AC-P 1230:1233 AC-P 1230:1233 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 26 dep distributions 1215:1227 arg1 distributions 1215:1227 diverse distributions 1207:1227 diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P 1207:1249 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 0 27 theme physicochemical 32:46 arg1 properties 48:57 physicochemical properties 32:57 physicochemical properties 32:57 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 1 28 theme Mushroom 131:138 arg1 polysaccharides 140:154 Mushroom polysaccharides 131:154 Mushroom polysaccharides 131:154 Mushroom polysaccharides have been known to possess various pharmacological activities. 26743656 7 29 theme triple-helix 1332:1343 arg1 conformation 1345:1356 triple-helix conformation 1332:1356 triple-helix conformation 1332:1356 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 30 theme major 1265:1269 arg1 populations 1286:1296 two major macromolecular populations 1261:1296 two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) 1261:1316 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 3 31 theme Coriolus 467:474 arg1 CV-P 488:491 CV-P 488:491 CV-P 488:491 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 31 theme Coriolus 467:474 arg1 versicolor 476:485 Coriolus versicolor 467:485 Coriolus versicolor (CV-P) 467:492 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 8 32 theme inhibitory 1517:1526 arg1 potency 1528:1534 different inhibitory potency 1507:1534 different inhibitory potency 1507:1534 These polysaccharides showed different inhibitory potency on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 26743656 4 33 theme different 843:851 arg1 mushrooms 853:861 different mushrooms 843:861 different mushrooms 843:861 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 5 34 contain contained 961:969 arg1 AC-P 947:950 AC-P 947:950 AC-P 947:950 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 34 contain contained 961:969 arg2 -β-D-glucans 1002:1013 (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 993:1013 (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 993:1013 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 34 contain contained 961:969 arg2 amount 983:988 the highest amount 971:988 the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 971:1013 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 34 contain contained 961:969 arg2 1,3 994:996 1,3 994:996 1,3 994:996 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 34 contain contained 961:969 arg1 GF-P 956:959 GF-P 956:959 GF-P 956:959 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 3 35 theme Grifola 495:501 arg1 frondosa 503:510 Grifola frondosa 495:510 Grifola frondosa (GF-P) 495:517 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 35 theme Grifola 495:501 arg1 GF-P 513:516 GF-P 513:516 GF-P 513:516 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 0 36 theme properties 48:57 arg1 characterization 12:27 Comparative characterization 0:27 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 0:129 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 8 37 theme NO 1539:1540 arg1 production 1542:1551 NO production 1539:1551 NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1539:1584 These polysaccharides showed different inhibitory potency on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 26743656 7 38 dep showed 1200:1205 arg1 possessed 1322:1330 possessed 1322:1330 possessed triple-helix conformation 1322:1356 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 38 dep showed 1200:1205 arg1 contained 1251:1259 contained 1251:1259 contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) 1251:1316 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 38 dep showed 1200:1205 arg1 whereas 1359:1365 whereas 1359:1365 whereas 1359:1365 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 3 39 theme Antrodia 439:446 arg1 AC-P 460:463 AC-P 460:463 AC-P 460:463 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 39 theme Antrodia 439:446 arg1 cinnamomea 448:457 Antrodia cinnamomea 439:457 Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P) 439:464 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 40 from production 645:654 arg1 macrophages 704:714 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 659:714 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 659:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 7 41 theme molecular 1153:1161 arg1 weights 1163:1169 The molecular weights 1149:1169 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides 1149:1198 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 3 42 theme Ganoderma 520:528 arg1 GL-P 539:542 GL-P 539:542 GL-P 539:542 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 42 theme Ganoderma 520:528 arg1 lucidum 530:536 Ganoderma lucidum 520:536 Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P) 520:543 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 0 43 theme bioactivities 63:75 arg1 characterization 12:27 Comparative characterization 0:27 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 0:129 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 7 44 theme low 1414:1416 arg1 weight 1428:1433 a low molecular weight 1412:1433 a low molecular weight population 1412:1444 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 3 45 from differences 359:369 arg1 characteristics 390:404 physicochemical characteristics 374:404 physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P) 374:573 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 2 46 theme biological 262:271 arg1 differences 273:283 their chemical and biological differences 243:283 their chemical and biological differences between mushrooms 243:301 However, information on their chemical and biological differences between mushrooms remains limited. 26743656 5 47 dep 1,3 994:996 arg1 1,6 998:1000 1,6 998:1000 1,6 998:1000 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 8 48 theme RAW264.7 1571:1578 arg1 cells 1580:1584 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1556:1584 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1556:1584 These polysaccharides showed different inhibitory potency on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 26743656 6 49 dep 0.26 1108:1111 arg1 to 1105:1106 to 1105:1106 to 1105:1106 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides ranged from 0.21 to 0.26, with the exception of GF-P (0.38). 26743656 2 50 theme chemical 249:256 arg1 differences 273:283 their chemical and biological differences 243:283 their chemical and biological differences between mushrooms 243:301 However, information on their chemical and biological differences between mushrooms remains limited. 26743656 3 51 theme nitric 627:632 arg1 NO 641:642 NO 641:642 NO 641:642 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 51 theme nitric 627:632 arg1 oxide 634:638 nitric oxide 627:638 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 627:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 3 52 theme inhibitory 605:614 arg1 effects 616:622 their inhibitory effects 599:622 their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 599:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 5 53 theme highest 975:981 arg1 -β-D-glucans 1002:1013 (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 993:1013 (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 993:1013 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 53 theme highest 975:981 arg1 amount 983:988 the highest amount 971:988 the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 971:1013 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 53 theme highest 975:981 arg1 1,3 994:996 1,3 994:996 1,3 994:996 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 6 54 theme branching 1030:1038 arg1 degree 1020:1025 The degree 1016:1025 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides 1016:1086 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides ranged from 0.21 to 0.26, with the exception of GF-P (0.38). 26743656 6 55 theme GF-P 1136:1139 arg1 exception 1123:1131 the exception 1119:1131 the exception of GF-P (0.38) 1119:1146 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides ranged from 0.21 to 0.26, with the exception of GF-P (0.38). 26743656 7 56 theme weight 1428:1433 arg1 population 1435:1444 a low molecular weight population 1412:1444 a low molecular weight population 1412:1444 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 3 57 theme oxide 634:638 arg1 production 645:654 nitric oxide (NO) production 627:654 nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 627:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 7 58 contain had 1408:1410 arg1 GL-P 1367:1370 GL-P 1367:1370 GL-P (10.2 kDa) 1367:1381 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 58 contain had 1408:1410 arg1 15.5 kDa 1393:1400 15.5 kDa 1393:1400 15.5 kDa 1393:1400 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 58 contain had 1408:1410 arg1 10.2 kDa 1373:1380 10.2 kDa 1373:1380 10.2 kDa 1373:1380 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 58 contain had 1408:1410 arg2 population 1435:1444 a low molecular weight population 1412:1444 a low molecular weight population 1412:1444 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 58 contain had 1408:1410 arg1 PL-P 1387:1390 PL-P 1387:1390 PL-P (15.5 kDa) 1387:1401 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 8 59 theme LPS-stimulated 1556:1569 arg1 cells 1580:1584 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1556:1584 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 1556:1584 These polysaccharides showed different inhibitory potency on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 26743656 3 60 theme physicochemical 374:388 arg1 characteristics 390:404 physicochemical characteristics 374:404 physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P) 374:573 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 0 61 from mushrooms 120:128 arg1 polysaccharides 80:94 polysaccharides 80:94 polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms 80:128 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 0 61 from mushrooms 120:128 arg1 bioactivities 63:75 bioactivities 63:75 bioactivities 63:75 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 0 61 from mushrooms 120:128 arg1 properties 48:57 physicochemical properties 32:57 physicochemical properties 32:57 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 5 62 theme -β-D-glucans 1002:1013 arg1 -β-D-glucans 1002:1013 (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 993:1013 (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 993:1013 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 62 theme -β-D-glucans 1002:1013 arg1 amount 983:988 the highest amount 971:988 the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans 971:1013 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 5 62 theme -β-D-glucans 1002:1013 arg1 1,3 994:996 1,3 994:996 1,3 994:996 AC-P and GF-P contained the highest amount of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans. 26743656 6 63 dep 1,3 1044:1046 arg1 1,6 1048:1050 1,6 1048:1050 1,6 1048:1050 The degree of branching of (1,3;1,6)-β-D-glucans in all polysaccharides ranged from 0.21 to 0.26, with the exception of GF-P (0.38). 26743656 0 64 theme polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 bioactivities 63:75 bioactivities 63:75 bioactivities 63:75 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 0 64 theme polysaccharides 80:94 arg1 properties 48:57 physicochemical properties 32:57 physicochemical properties 32:57 Comparative characterization of physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides from selected medicinal mushrooms. 26743656 3 65 theme RAW264.7 695:702 arg1 macrophages 704:714 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 659:714 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 659:714 In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides prepared from Antrodia cinnamomea (AC-P), Coriolus versicolor (CV-P), Grifola frondosa (GF-P), Ganoderma lucidum (GL-P), and Phellinus linteus (PL-P), followed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26743656 4 66 theme polysaccharides 812:826 arg1 composition 797:807 the monosaccharide composition 778:807 the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides 778:826 Results showed that under similar conditions of preparation, the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides varied between different mushrooms, and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide, followed by galactose and mannose. 26743656 7 67 theme triple-helix 1454:1465 arg1 structure 1467:1475 triple-helix structure 1454:1475 triple-helix structure 1454:1475 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 1 68 theme various 183:189 arg1 activities 207:216 various pharmacological activities 183:216 various pharmacological activities 183:216 Mushroom polysaccharides have been known to possess various pharmacological activities. 26743656 7 69 theme diverse 1207:1213 arg1 CV-P 1236:1239 CV-P 1236:1239 CV-P 1236:1239 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 69 theme diverse 1207:1213 arg1 GF-P 1246:1249 GF-P 1246:1249 GF-P 1246:1249 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 69 theme diverse 1207:1213 arg1 AC-P 1230:1233 AC-P 1230:1233 AC-P 1230:1233 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 26743656 7 69 theme diverse 1207:1213 arg1 distributions 1215:1227 diverse distributions 1207:1227 diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P 1207:1249 The molecular weights of different polysaccharides showed diverse distributions; AC-P, CV-P, and GF-P contained two major macromolecular populations (< 30 and >200 kDa) and possessed triple-helix conformation, whereas GL-P (10.2 kDa) and PL-P (15.5 kDa) only had a low molecular weight population without triple-helix structure. 24269088 0 0 theme ethyl 78:82 arg1 glycosides 84:93 ethyl glycosides 78:93 ethyl glycosides 78:93 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 4 1 with comparison 686:695 arg1 behaviour 706:714 the behaviour 702:714 the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions 702:768 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 1 2 theme water 147:151 arg1 mixtures 153:160 ethanol:water mixtures 139:160 ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid 139:187 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 2 3 theme ethyl 491:495 arg1 glycosides 497:506 their ethyl glycosides 485:506 their ethyl glycosides 485:506 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 5 4 theme ethyl 956:960 arg1 glycosides 962:971 The ethyl glycosides 952:971 The ethyl glycosides 952:971 The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals. 24269088 4 5 theme compounds 725:733 arg1 behaviour 706:714 the behaviour 702:714 the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions 702:768 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 5 6 contain have 973:976 arg2 potential 978:986 potential 978:986 potential as intermediates 978:1003 The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals. 24269088 5 6 contain have 973:976 arg1 glycosides 962:971 The ethyl glycosides 952:971 The ethyl glycosides 952:971 The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals. 24269088 4 7 theme same 745:748 arg1 conditions 759:768 the same reaction conditions 741:768 the same reaction conditions 741:768 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 2 8 theme sugars 475:480 arg1 part 449:452 a large part 441:452 a large part of the hemicellulose sugars 441:480 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 2 9 theme large 443:447 arg1 part 449:452 a large part 441:452 a large part of the hemicellulose sugars 441:480 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 2 10 theme % 428:428 arg1 yields 410:415 subsequent saccharification yields 382:415 subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86% 382:428 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 4 11 theme products 820:827 arg1 consistent 833:842 consistent 833:842 consistent 833:842 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 4 11 theme products 820:827 arg1 composition 801:811 the anomeric composition 788:811 the anomeric composition of the products 788:827 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 2 12 theme hemicellulose 461:473 arg1 sugars 475:480 the hemicellulose sugars 457:480 the hemicellulose sugars 457:480 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 1 13 theme dilute 167:172 arg1 acid 184:187 dilute sulphuric acid 167:187 dilute sulphuric acid 167:187 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 0 14 theme Organosolv 0:9 arg1 pretreatment 11:22 Organosolv pretreatment 0:22 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 0:94 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 2 15 dep 86 426:427 arg1 to 423:424 to 423:424 to 423:424 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 1 16 theme sulphuric 174:182 arg1 acid 184:187 dilute sulphuric acid 167:187 dilute sulphuric acid 167:187 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 0 17 theme Sitka 27:31 arg1 wood 40:43 Sitka spruce wood 27:43 Sitka spruce wood 27:43 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 1 18 theme useful 254:259 arg1 co-products 261:271 useful co-products 254:271 useful co-products 254:271 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 4 19 theme model 719:723 arg1 compounds 725:733 model compounds 719:733 model compounds 719:733 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 0 20 theme wood 40:43 arg1 pretreatment 11:22 Organosolv pretreatment 0:22 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 0:94 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 2 21 theme conditions 357:366 arg1 efficient 327:335 efficient 327:335 efficient 327:335 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 2 22 theme saccharification 393:408 arg1 yields 410:415 subsequent saccharification yields 382:415 subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86% 382:428 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 0 23 theme spruce 33:38 arg1 wood 40:43 Sitka spruce wood 27:43 Sitka spruce wood 27:43 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 5 24 theme sustainable 1012:1022 arg1 production 1024:1033 the sustainable production 1008:1033 the sustainable production of high-value chemicals 1008:1057 The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals. 24269088 2 25 theme subsequent 382:391 arg1 yields 410:415 subsequent saccharification yields 382:415 subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86% 382:428 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 4 26 theme transglycosylation 863:880 arg1 mechanism 891:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 3 27 theme ethyl 602:606 arg1 glycosides 608:617 the ethyl glycosides 598:617 the ethyl glycosides 598:617 These conditions also reduced conversion of pentoses to furfural, the ethyl glycosides being more stable to dehydration than the parent pentoses. 24269088 3 27 theme ethyl 602:606 arg1 stable 630:635 stable 630:635 stable 630:635 These conditions also reduced conversion of pentoses to furfural, the ethyl glycosides being more stable to dehydration than the parent pentoses. 24269088 4 28 theme anomeric 792:799 arg1 consistent 833:842 consistent 833:842 consistent 833:842 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 4 28 theme anomeric 792:799 arg1 composition 801:811 the anomeric composition 788:811 the anomeric composition of the products 788:827 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 4 29 theme predominant 851:861 arg1 mechanism 891:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 5 30 theme high-value 1038:1047 arg1 chemicals 1049:1057 high-value chemicals 1038:1057 high-value chemicals 1038:1057 The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals. 24269088 1 31 theme Organosolv 107:116 arg1 pretreatments 118:130 Organosolv pretreatments 107:130 Organosolv pretreatments 107:130 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 1 32 theme saccharification 294:309 arg1 yield 311:315 saccharification yield 294:315 saccharification yield 294:315 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 1 33 with mixtures 153:160 arg1 acid 184:187 dilute sulphuric acid 167:187 dilute sulphuric acid 167:187 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 5 34 theme chemicals 1049:1057 arg1 production 1024:1033 the sustainable production 1008:1033 the sustainable production of high-value chemicals 1008:1057 The ethyl glycosides have potential as intermediates in the sustainable production of high-value chemicals. 24269088 1 35 theme pretreatments 118:130 arg1 range 98:102 A range 96:102 A range 96:102 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 3 36 theme pentoses 576:583 arg1 conversion 562:571 conversion 562:571 conversion of pentoses to furfural 562:595 These conditions also reduced conversion of pentoses to furfural, the ethyl glycosides being more stable to dehydration than the parent pentoses. 24269088 4 37 theme reaction 882:889 arg1 mechanism 891:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 4 38 theme reaction 750:757 arg1 conditions 759:768 the same reaction conditions 741:768 the same reaction conditions 741:768 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 4 39 with consistent 833:842 arg1 mechanism 891:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism 849:899 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 4 39 with consistent 833:842 arg1 hydrolysis 914:923 hydrolysis 914:923 hydrolysis followed by glycosylation 914:949 Through comparison with the behaviour of model compounds under the same reaction conditions it was shown that the anomeric composition of the products was consistent with a predominant transglycosylation reaction mechanism, rather than hydrolysis followed by glycosylation. 24269088 1 40 theme Sitka 206:210 arg1 sawdust 219:225 Sitka spruce sawdust 206:225 Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield 206:315 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 0 41 theme hemicelluloses 60:73 arg1 conversion 46:55 conversion 46:55 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 0:94 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 0 42 dep pretreatment 11:22 arg1 conversion 46:55 conversion 46:55 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 0:94 Organosolv pretreatment of Sitka spruce wood: conversion of hemicelluloses to ethyl glycosides. 24269088 1 43 with sawdust 219:225 arg1 aim 236:238 the aim 232:238 the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield 232:315 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 2 44 theme pretreatment 344:355 arg1 conditions 357:366 the pretreatment conditions 340:366 the pretreatment conditions 340:366 The most efficient of the pretreatment conditions, resulting in subsequent saccharification yields of up to 86%, converted a large part of the hemicellulose sugars to their ethyl glycosides as identified by GC/MS. 24269088 1 45 theme spruce 212:217 arg1 sawdust 219:225 Sitka spruce sawdust 206:225 Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield 206:315 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 24269088 3 46 theme parent 661:666 arg1 pentoses 668:675 the parent pentoses 657:675 the parent pentoses 657:675 These conditions also reduced conversion of pentoses to furfural, the ethyl glycosides being more stable to dehydration than the parent pentoses. 24269088 1 47 theme ethanol 139:145 arg1 mixtures 153:160 ethanol:water mixtures 139:160 ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid 139:187 A range of Organosolv pretreatments, using ethanol:water mixtures with dilute sulphuric acid, were applied to Sitka spruce sawdust with the aim of generating useful co-products as well as improving saccharification yield. 26975884 7 0 theme changes 1049:1055 arg1 overview 1018:1025 an overview 1015:1025 an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite 1015:1100 Furthermore, structural comparison of TASKA and GTA provides an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite. 26975884 1 1 theme hydrolase 150:158 arg1 family 160:165 glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 141:170 glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 141:170 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 2 from homologues 365:374 arg1 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues 198:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 3 dep thermoleovorans 265:279 arg1 GTA 282:284 GTA 282:284 GTA 282:284 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 3 dep thermoleovorans 265:279 arg1 thermoleovorans 265:279 Geobacillus thermoleovorans 253:279 Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII) 253:305 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 3 dep thermoleovorans 265:279 arg1 Pizzo 287:291 Pizzo 287:291 Pizzo 287:291 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 3 dep thermoleovorans 265:279 arg1 GtamyII 298:304 GtamyII 298:304 GtamyII 298:304 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 7 4 theme structural 967:976 arg1 comparison 978:987 structural comparison 967:987 structural comparison of TASKA and GTA 967:1004 Furthermore, structural comparison of TASKA and GTA provides an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite. 26975884 1 5 theme family 160:165 arg1 subfamily 128:136 A new subfamily 122:136 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 122:170 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 2 6 theme ASKA 458:461 arg1 structures 434:443 crystal structures 426:443 crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA) 426:469 To understand this new GH13 subfamily, we report crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA). 26975884 0 7 theme glycosyl 93:100 arg1 subclass 112:119 a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 87:119 a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 87:119 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 6 8 theme GH13 889:892 arg1 subfamily 894:902 this new GH13 subfamily 880:902 this new GH13 subfamily 880:902 This work provides structural insights into this new GH13 subfamily both in the apo form and in complex with maltose. 26975884 0 9 theme new 89:91 arg1 subclass 112:119 a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 87:119 a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 87:119 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 6 10 theme new 885:887 arg1 subfamily 894:902 this new GH13 subfamily 880:902 this new GH13 subfamily 880:902 This work provides structural insights into this new GH13 subfamily both in the apo form and in complex with maltose. 26975884 1 11 theme Geobacillus 253:263 arg1 GTA 282:284 GTA 282:284 GTA 282:284 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 11 theme Geobacillus 253:263 arg1 thermoleovorans 265:279 Geobacillus thermoleovorans 253:279 Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII) 253:305 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 11 theme Geobacillus 253:263 arg1 Pizzo 287:291 Pizzo 287:291 Pizzo 287:291 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 11 theme Geobacillus 253:263 arg1 GtamyII 298:304 GtamyII 298:304 GtamyII 298:304 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 0 12 theme subclass 112:119 arg1 binding 76:82 maltose binding 68:82 maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 68:119 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 5 13 theme Ca 723:724 arg1 sites 742:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 4 14 theme Ca 592:593 arg1 supplementation 603:617 Ca(2+) ion supplementation 592:617 Ca(2+) ion supplementation 592:617 Unlike GTA, biochemical analysis showed that Ca(2+) ion supplementation enhances the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA. 26975884 0 15 theme hydrolase 102:110 arg1 subclass 112:119 a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 87:119 a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 87:119 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 7 16 theme TASKA 992:996 arg1 comparison 978:987 structural comparison 967:987 structural comparison of TASKA and GTA 967:1004 Furthermore, structural comparison of TASKA and GTA provides an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite. 26975884 2 17 theme new 396:398 arg1 subfamily 405:413 this new GH13 subfamily 391:413 this new GH13 subfamily 391:413 To understand this new GH13 subfamily, we report crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA). 26975884 2 18 theme GH13 400:403 arg1 subfamily 405:413 this new GH13 subfamily 391:413 this new GH13 subfamily 391:413 To understand this new GH13 subfamily, we report crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA). 26975884 2 19 theme crystal 426:432 arg1 structures 434:443 crystal structures 426:443 crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA) 426:469 To understand this new GH13 subfamily, we report crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA). 26975884 1 20 from thermoleovorans 265:279 arg1 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues 198:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 3 21 theme capable 502:508 arg1 enzyme 495:500 a thermostable enzyme 480:500 a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose 480:544 ASKA is a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose. 26975884 3 21 theme capable 502:508 arg1 ASKA 472:475 ASKA 472:475 ASKA 472:475 ASKA is a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose. 26975884 7 22 theme maltose 1070:1076 arg1 binding 1078:1084 maltose binding 1070:1084 maltose binding 1070:1084 Furthermore, structural comparison of TASKA and GTA provides an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite. 26975884 0 23 theme Crystal 0:6 arg1 structure 8:16 Crystal structure 0:16 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase 0:43 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 7 24 theme conformational 1034:1047 arg1 changes 1049:1055 the conformational changes 1030:1055 the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite 1030:1100 Furthermore, structural comparison of TASKA and GTA provides an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite. 26975884 4 25 theme ASKA 656:659 arg1 activities 642:651 the catalytic activities 628:651 the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA 628:669 Unlike GTA, biochemical analysis showed that Ca(2+) ion supplementation enhances the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA. 26975884 0 26 theme Anoxybacillus 21:33 arg1 α-amylase 35:43 Anoxybacillus α-amylase 21:43 Anoxybacillus α-amylase 21:43 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 3 27 theme thermostable 482:493 arg1 enzyme 495:500 a thermostable enzyme 480:500 a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose 480:544 ASKA is a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose. 26975884 3 27 theme thermostable 482:493 arg1 ASKA 472:475 ASKA 472:475 ASKA 472:475 ASKA is a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose. 26975884 4 28 theme biochemical 559:569 arg1 analysis 571:578 biochemical analysis 559:578 biochemical analysis 559:578 Unlike GTA, biochemical analysis showed that Ca(2+) ion supplementation enhances the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA. 26975884 5 29 dep reveal 695:700 arg1 with 749:752 with 749:752 with 749:752 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 4 30 theme TASKA 665:669 arg1 activities 642:651 the catalytic activities 628:651 the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA 628:669 Unlike GTA, biochemical analysis showed that Ca(2+) ion supplementation enhances the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA. 26975884 5 31 theme binding 734:740 arg1 sites 742:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 6 32 theme structural 855:864 arg1 insights 866:873 structural insights 855:873 structural insights into this new GH13 subfamily 855:902 This work provides structural insights into this new GH13 subfamily both in the apo form and in complex with maltose. 26975884 5 33 theme sites 742:746 arg1 presence 706:713 the presence 702:713 the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 702:746 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 0 34 theme α-amylase 35:43 arg1 structure 8:16 Crystal structure 0:16 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase 0:43 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 1 35 from aquimaris 317:325 arg1 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues 198:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 36 dep species 228:234 arg1 ASKA 237:240 ASKA 237:240 ASKA 237:240 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 36 dep species 228:234 arg1 species 228:234 Anoxybacillus species 214:234 Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA) 214:250 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 36 dep species 228:234 arg1 ADTA 246:249 ADTA 246:249 ADTA 246:249 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 5 37 theme 2+ 726:727 arg1 sites 742:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 1 38 theme Anoxybacillus 214:226 arg1 ASKA 237:240 ASKA 237:240 ASKA 237:240 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 38 theme Anoxybacillus 214:226 arg1 species 228:234 Anoxybacillus species 214:234 Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA) 214:250 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 1 38 theme Anoxybacillus 214:226 arg1 ADTA 246:249 ADTA 246:249 ADTA 246:249 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 5 39 theme binding 769:775 arg1 sites 777:781 these binding sites 763:781 these binding sites 763:781 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 1 40 theme putative 348:355 arg1 homologues 365:374 95 other putative protein homologues 339:374 95 other putative protein homologues 339:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 4 41 theme catalytic 632:640 arg1 activities 642:651 the catalytic activities 628:651 the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA 628:669 Unlike GTA, biochemical analysis showed that Ca(2+) ion supplementation enhances the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA. 26975884 1 42 theme protein 357:363 arg1 homologues 365:374 95 other putative protein homologues 339:374 95 other putative protein homologues 339:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 3 43 theme high 523:526 arg1 levels 528:533 high levels 523:533 high levels of maltose 523:544 ASKA is a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose. 26975884 1 44 theme other 342:346 arg1 homologues 365:374 95 other putative protein homologues 339:374 95 other putative protein homologues 339:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 6 45 theme apo 916:918 arg1 form 920:923 the apo form 912:923 the apo form 912:923 This work provides structural insights into this new GH13 subfamily both in the apo form and in complex with maltose. 26975884 1 46 from species 228:234 arg1 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases 198:207 α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues 198:374 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 5 47 theme crystal 676:682 arg1 structures 684:693 The crystal structures 672:693 The crystal structures 672:693 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 1 48 theme new 124:126 arg1 subfamily 128:136 A new subfamily 122:136 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 122:170 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 5 49 theme sites 777:781 arg1 three 754:758 three 754:758 three 754:758 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 5 49 theme sites 777:781 arg1 sites 777:781 these binding sites 763:781 these binding sites 763:781 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 5 50 theme Anoxybacillus 810:822 arg1 α-amylases 824:833 Anoxybacillus α-amylases 810:833 Anoxybacillus α-amylases 810:833 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 2 51 theme truncated 448:456 arg1 TASKA 464:468 TASKA 464:468 TASKA 464:468 To understand this new GH13 subfamily, we report crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA). 26975884 2 51 theme truncated 448:456 arg1 ASKA 458:461 truncated ASKA 448:461 truncated ASKA (TASKA) 448:469 To understand this new GH13 subfamily, we report crystal structures of truncated ASKA (TASKA). 26975884 6 52 with complex 932:938 arg1 maltose 945:951 maltose 945:951 maltose 945:951 This work provides structural insights into this new GH13 subfamily both in the apo form and in complex with maltose. 26975884 3 53 theme maltose 538:544 arg1 levels 528:533 high levels 523:533 high levels of maltose 523:544 ASKA is a thermostable enzyme capable of producing high levels of maltose. 26975884 5 54 theme ion 730:732 arg1 sites 742:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 four Ca(2+) ion binding sites 718:746 The crystal structures reveal the presence of four Ca(2+) ion binding sites, with three of these binding sites are highly conserved among Anoxybacillus α-amylases. 26975884 4 55 theme ion 599:601 arg1 supplementation 603:617 Ca(2+) ion supplementation 592:617 Ca(2+) ion supplementation 592:617 Unlike GTA, biochemical analysis showed that Ca(2+) ion supplementation enhances the catalytic activities of ASKA and TASKA. 26975884 0 56 theme maltose 68:74 arg1 binding 76:82 maltose binding 68:82 maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass 68:119 Crystal structure of Anoxybacillus α-amylase provides insights into maltose binding of a new glycosyl hydrolase subclass. 26975884 1 57 theme glycosyl 141:148 arg1 family 160:165 glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 141:170 glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 141:170 A new subfamily of glycosyl hydrolase family GH13 was recently proposed for α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo, and GtamyII), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA), and 95 other putative protein homologues. 26975884 7 58 theme GTA 1002:1004 arg1 comparison 978:987 structural comparison 967:987 structural comparison of TASKA and GTA 967:1004 Furthermore, structural comparison of TASKA and GTA provides an overview of the conformational changes accompanying maltose binding at each subsite. 27178935 0 0 theme stromal 112:118 arg1 cells 120:124 mesenchymal stromal cells 100:124 mesenchymal stromal cells 100:124 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 7 1 used used 1132:1135 arg2 scaffold 1110:1117 This composite scaffold 1095:1117 This composite scaffold 1095:1117 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 7 1 used used 1132:1135 arg2 biomaterial 1163:1173 biomaterial 1163:1173 biomaterial 1163:1173 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 7 2 dep biomaterial 1163:1173 arg1 drive 1178:1182 drive 1178:1182 to drive hMSC chondrogenesis 1175:1202 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 4 3 theme EDX 680:682 arg1 analysis 684:691 EDX analysis 680:691 EDX analysis 680:691 We confirmed the efficiency of fucoidan incorporation by FTIR and EDX analysis. 27178935 0 4 theme mesenchymal 100:110 arg1 cells 120:124 mesenchymal stromal cells 100:124 mesenchymal stromal cells 100:124 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 7 5 theme cartilage 1218:1226 arg1 therapies 1241:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 6 6 theme hMSC 993:996 arg1 hypertrophy 998:1008 hMSC hypertrophy 993:1008 hMSC hypertrophy 993:1008 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 0 7 theme cells 120:124 arg1 differentiation 81:95 the chondrogenic differentiation 64:95 the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells 64:124 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 5 8 theme markers 918:924 arg1 quantification 827:840 biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification 797:840 biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification 797:840 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 8 theme markers 918:924 arg1 PCR 866:868 real-time quantitative PCR 843:868 real-time quantitative PCR 843:868 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 8 theme markers 918:924 arg1 SEM 792:794 SEM 792:794 SEM 792:794 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 8 theme markers 918:924 arg1 analyses 893:900 immunocytochemical analyses 874:900 immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP 874:962 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 7 9 theme composite 1100:1108 arg1 scaffold 1110:1117 This composite scaffold 1095:1117 This composite scaffold 1095:1117 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 7 9 theme composite 1100:1108 arg1 biomaterial 1163:1173 biomaterial 1163:1173 biomaterial 1163:1173 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 6 10 theme hypertrophic 1054:1065 arg1 X 1082:1082 Collagen X 1073:1082 Collagen X 1073:1082 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 6 10 theme hypertrophic 1054:1065 arg1 genes 1067:1071 hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1054:1092 hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1054:1092 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 6 10 theme hypertrophic 1054:1065 arg1 Runx2 1088:1092 Runx2 1088:1092 Runx2 1088:1092 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 6 11 dep genes 1067:1071 arg1 X 1082:1082 Collagen X 1073:1082 Collagen X 1073:1082 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 6 11 dep genes 1067:1071 arg1 genes 1067:1071 hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1054:1092 hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1054:1092 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 6 11 dep genes 1067:1071 arg1 Runx2 1088:1092 Runx2 1088:1092 Runx2 1088:1092 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 5 12 theme immunocytochemical 874:891 arg1 analyses 893:900 immunocytochemical analyses 874:900 immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP 874:962 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 2 13 theme interest 296:303 arg1 plethora 284:291 a plethora 282:291 a plethora of interest 282:303 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 0 14 theme dimensional 6:16 arg1 hydrogel 46:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel 0:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel 0:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 5 15 theme chondrogenic 746:757 arg1 differentiation 759:773 chondrogenic differentiation 746:773 chondrogenic differentiation 746:773 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 7 16 theme repair 1228:1233 arg1 therapies 1241:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 6 17 theme hydrogel 981:988 arg1 Effect 965:970 Effect 965:970 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy 965:1008 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 2 18 theme analogs 340:346 arg1 use 312:314 the use 308:314 the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate 308:366 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 4 19 theme incorporation 654:666 arg1 efficiency 631:640 the efficiency 627:640 the efficiency of fucoidan incorporation 627:666 We confirmed the efficiency of fucoidan incorporation by FTIR and EDX analysis. 27178935 7 20 theme hMSC 1184:1187 arg1 chondrogenesis 1189:1202 hMSC chondrogenesis 1184:1202 hMSC chondrogenesis 1184:1202 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 5 21 dep markers 918:924 arg1 COMP 959:962 COMP 959:962 COMP 959:962 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 21 dep markers 918:924 arg1 Collagen 933:940 Collagen II 933:943 Collagen II 933:943 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 21 dep markers 918:924 arg1 Aggrecan 946:953 Aggrecan 946:953 Aggrecan 946:953 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 21 dep markers 918:924 arg1 Sox-9 926:930 Sox-9 926:930 Sox-9 926:930 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 21 dep markers 918:924 arg1 markers 918:924 chondrogenic markers 905:924 chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP 905:962 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 2 22 theme extracted 330:338 arg1 analogs 340:346 non-animal extracted analogs 319:346 non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate 319:366 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 4 23 theme fucoidan 645:652 arg1 incorporation 654:666 fucoidan incorporation 645:666 fucoidan incorporation 645:666 We confirmed the efficiency of fucoidan incorporation by FTIR and EDX analysis. 27178935 0 24 theme composite 36:44 arg1 hydrogel 46:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel 0:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel 0:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 6 25 theme Al-Fu 975:979 arg1 hydrogel 981:988 Al-Fu hydrogel 975:988 Al-Fu hydrogel 975:988 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 3 26 theme capable 534:540 arg1 Al-Fu 526:530 Al-Fu 526:530 Al-Fu 526:530 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 26 theme capable 534:540 arg1 hydrogel 516:523 a composite hydrogel 504:523 a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu) 504:531 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 27 theme sulphated 447:455 arg1 fucoidan 420:427 fucoidan 420:427 fucoidan (0.5%) 420:434 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 27 theme sulphated 447:455 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 a natural sulphated polysaccharide 437:470 a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 437:611 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 0 28 theme alginate-fucoidan 18:34 arg1 hydrogel 46:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel 0:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel 0:53 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 6 29 from Effect 965:970 arg1 hypertrophy 998:1008 hMSC hypertrophy 993:1008 hMSC hypertrophy 993:1008 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 5 30 theme biochemical 797:807 arg1 quantification 827:840 biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification 797:840 biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification 797:840 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 1 31 theme chondrogenesis 233:246 arg1 regulation 219:228 the regulation 215:228 the regulation of chondrogenesis 215:246 Presence of sulfated polysaccharides like heparan sulphate has often been implicated in the regulation of chondrogenesis. 27178935 2 32 theme sulphate 359:366 arg1 analogs 340:346 non-animal extracted analogs 319:346 non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate 319:366 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 3 33 theme mesenchymal 579:589 arg1 hMSCs 606:610 hMSCs 606:610 hMSCs 606:610 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 33 theme mesenchymal 579:589 arg1 cells 599:603 human mesenchymal stromal cells 573:603 human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 573:611 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 2 34 from plethora 284:291 arg1 use 312:314 the use 308:314 the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate 308:366 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 5 35 theme real-time 843:851 arg1 PCR 866:868 real-time quantitative PCR 843:868 real-time quantitative PCR 843:868 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 3 36 theme stromal 591:597 arg1 hMSCs 606:610 hMSCs 606:610 hMSCs 606:610 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 36 theme stromal 591:597 arg1 cells 599:603 human mesenchymal stromal cells 573:603 human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 573:611 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 37 theme natural 439:445 arg1 fucoidan 420:427 fucoidan 420:427 fucoidan (0.5%) 420:434 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 37 theme natural 439:445 arg1 polysaccharide 457:470 a natural sulphated polysaccharide 437:470 a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 437:611 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 0 38 theme chondrogenic 68:79 arg1 differentiation 81:95 the chondrogenic differentiation 64:95 the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells 64:124 Three dimensional alginate-fucoidan composite hydrogel augments the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. 27178935 1 39 theme sulfated 139:146 arg1 polysaccharides 148:162 sulfated polysaccharides 139:162 sulfated polysaccharides 139:162 Presence of sulfated polysaccharides like heparan sulphate has often been implicated in the regulation of chondrogenesis. 27178935 7 40 theme based 1235:1239 arg1 therapies 1241:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 27178935 3 41 theme human 573:577 arg1 hMSCs 606:610 hMSCs 606:610 hMSCs 606:610 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 41 theme human 573:577 arg1 cells 599:603 human mesenchymal stromal cells 573:603 human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 573:611 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 1 42 theme polysaccharides 148:162 arg1 Presence 127:134 Presence 127:134 Presence of sulfated polysaccharides like heparan sulphate 127:184 Presence of sulfated polysaccharides like heparan sulphate has often been implicated in the regulation of chondrogenesis. 27178935 2 43 theme heparan 351:357 arg1 sulphate 359:366 heparan sulphate 351:366 heparan sulphate 351:366 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 2 44 theme non-animal 319:328 arg1 analogs 340:346 non-animal extracted analogs 319:346 non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate 319:366 However, recently there has been a plethora of interest in the use of non-animal extracted analogs of heparan sulphate. 27178935 6 45 theme Collagen 1073:1080 arg1 X 1082:1082 Collagen X 1073:1082 Collagen X 1073:1082 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 6 45 theme Collagen 1073:1080 arg1 genes 1067:1071 hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1054:1092 hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1054:1092 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 1 46 theme heparan 169:175 arg1 sulphate 177:184 heparan sulphate 169:184 heparan sulphate 169:184 Presence of sulfated polysaccharides like heparan sulphate has often been implicated in the regulation of chondrogenesis. 27178935 5 47 theme hMSC 726:729 arg1 attachment 731:740 hMSC attachment 726:740 hMSC attachment 726:740 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 48 theme quantitative 853:864 arg1 PCR 866:868 real-time quantitative PCR 843:868 real-time quantitative PCR 843:868 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 3 49 theme cells 599:603 arg1 chondrogenesis 555:568 chondrogenesis 555:568 chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) 555:611 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 6 50 theme genes 1067:1071 arg1 downregulation 1036:1049 the downregulation 1032:1049 the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2 1032:1092 Effect of Al-Fu hydrogel on hMSC hypertrophy was also confirmed by the downregulation of hypertrophic genes Collagen X and Runx2. 27178935 3 51 theme composite 506:514 arg1 Al-Fu 526:530 Al-Fu 526:530 Al-Fu 526:530 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 3 51 theme composite 506:514 arg1 hydrogel 516:523 a composite hydrogel 504:523 a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu) 504:531 Here we remodeled alginate (1.5%) by incorporating fucoidan (0.5%), a natural sulphated polysaccharide extracted from seaweeds to form a composite hydrogel (Al-Fu), capable of enhancing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). 27178935 5 52 theme glycosaminoglycan 809:825 arg1 quantification 827:840 biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification 797:840 biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification 797:840 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 53 theme chondrogenic 905:916 arg1 markers 918:924 chondrogenic markers 905:924 chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP 905:962 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 53 theme chondrogenic 905:916 arg1 Collagen 933:940 Collagen II 933:943 Collagen II 933:943 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 53 theme chondrogenic 905:916 arg1 Aggrecan 946:953 Aggrecan 946:953 Aggrecan 946:953 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 53 theme chondrogenic 905:916 arg1 Sox-9 926:930 Sox-9 926:930 Sox-9 926:930 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 5 53 theme chondrogenic 905:916 arg1 COMP 959:962 COMP 959:962 COMP 959:962 Further, its ability to support hMSC attachment and chondrogenic differentiation was confirmed by SEM, biochemical glycosaminoglycan quantification, real-time quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analyses of chondrogenic markers Sox-9, Collagen II, Aggrecan and COMP. 27178935 7 54 theme other 1212:1216 arg1 therapies 1241:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 other cartilage repair based therapies 1212:1249 This composite scaffold can hence be used as a cartilage biomimetic biomaterial to drive hMSC chondrogenesis and for other cartilage repair based therapies. 26611230 0 0 theme novel 75:79 arg1 study 101:105 a novel hemostatic in vitro study 73:105 a novel hemostatic in vitro study 73:105 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 6 1 theme further 955:961 arg1 research 963:970 further research 955:970 further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo 955:1003 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 4 2 theme commercial 663:672 arg1 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 2 theme commercial 663:672 arg1 powder 733:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder 663:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 663:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 1 3 theme novel 160:164 arg1 use 177:179 novel hemostatic use 160:179 novel hemostatic use 160:179 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 0 4 theme in 92:93 arg1 study 101:105 a novel hemostatic in vitro study 73:105 a novel hemostatic in vitro study 73:105 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 3 5 located found 453:457 arg1 experiment 434:443 hemostatic function experiment 414:443 hemostatic function experiment 414:443 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 3 5 located found 453:457 arg2 it 446:447 it 446:447 it 446:447 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 3 6 theme platelet 532:539 arg1 activation 541:550 platelet activation 532:550 platelet activation 532:550 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 0 7 theme hemostatic 81:90 arg1 study 101:105 a novel hemostatic in vitro study 73:105 a novel hemostatic in vitro study 73:105 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 1 8 theme carboxymethyl 265:277 arg1 chitosan 279:286 carboxymethyl chitosan 265:286 carboxymethyl chitosan 265:286 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 6 9 from formation 889:897 arg1 useful 865:870 useful 865:870 useful 865:870 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 6 10 theme plug 884:887 arg1 formation 889:897 platelet plug formation 875:897 platelet plug formation 875:897 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 0 11 dep in 92:93 arg1 vitro 95:99 vitro 95:99 vitro 95:99 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 1 12 theme hemostatic 166:175 arg1 use 177:179 novel hemostatic use 160:179 novel hemostatic use 160:179 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 4 13 theme maximum 575:581 arg1 that 645:648 that 645:648 that 645:648 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 13 theme maximum 575:581 arg1 swelling 583:590 the maximum swelling 571:590 the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min 571:626 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 13 theme maximum 575:581 arg1 % 640:640 over 300% 632:640 over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 632:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 6 14 theme platelet 875:882 arg1 formation 889:897 platelet plug formation 875:897 platelet plug formation 875:897 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 4 15 dep that 645:648 arg1 exhibited 650:658 exhibited 650:658 exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 650:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 2 16 theme scanning 375:382 arg1 microscopy 393:402 scanning electron microscopy 375:402 scanning electron microscopy assay 375:408 The ultra-structure of CSCM was investigated by scanning electron microscopy assay. 26611230 3 17 theme hemostatic 414:423 arg1 experiment 434:443 hemostatic function experiment 414:443 hemostatic function experiment 414:443 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 4 18 theme microporous 694:704 arg1 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 18 theme microporous 694:704 arg1 powder 733:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder 663:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 663:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 19 theme haemostatic 721:731 arg1 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 19 theme haemostatic 721:731 arg1 powder 733:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder 663:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 663:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 3 20 theme function 425:432 arg1 experiment 434:443 hemostatic function experiment 414:443 hemostatic function experiment 414:443 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 0 21 theme chitosan 30:37 arg1 Microspheres 0:11 Microspheres 0:11 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 0:106 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 0 22 theme carboxymethyl 16:28 arg1 chitosan 30:37 carboxymethyl chitosan 16:37 carboxymethyl chitosan 16:37 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 1 23 theme sodium 289:294 arg1 alginate 296:303 sodium alginate 289:303 sodium alginate 289:303 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 4 24 theme CSCM 595:598 arg1 that 645:648 that 645:648 that 645:648 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 24 theme CSCM 595:598 arg1 swelling 583:590 the maximum swelling 571:590 the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min 571:626 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 24 theme CSCM 595:598 arg1 % 640:640 over 300% 632:640 over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 632:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 3 25 theme platelet 506:513 arg1 aggregation 515:525 platelet aggregation 506:525 platelet aggregation 506:525 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 0 26 theme sodium 40:45 arg1 alginate 47:54 sodium alginate 40:54 sodium alginate 40:54 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 4 27 theme hemostatic 674:683 arg1 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 27 theme hemostatic 674:683 arg1 powder 733:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder 663:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 663:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 2 28 theme electron 384:391 arg1 microscopy 393:402 scanning electron microscopy 375:402 scanning electron microscopy assay 375:408 The ultra-structure of CSCM was investigated by scanning electron microscopy assay. 26611230 6 29 from research 963:970 arg1 hemostasis 975:984 hemostasis 975:984 hemostasis 975:984 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 6 30 from useful 865:870 arg1 formation 889:897 platelet plug formation 875:897 platelet plug formation 875:897 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 2 31 theme microscopy 393:402 arg1 assay 404:408 scanning electron microscopy assay 375:408 scanning electron microscopy assay 375:408 The ultra-structure of CSCM was investigated by scanning electron microscopy assay. 26611230 6 32 theme important 929:937 arg1 information 939:949 important information 929:949 important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo 929:1003 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 5 33 theme good 777:780 arg1 biodegradability 782:797 good biodegradability 777:797 good biodegradability 777:797 In addition, CSCM exhibited good biodegradability and non-cytotoxicity. 26611230 4 34 theme compound 685:692 arg1 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 34 theme compound 685:692 arg1 powder 733:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder 663:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 663:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 0 35 theme alginate 47:54 arg1 Microspheres 0:11 Microspheres 0:11 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 0:106 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 3 36 theme platelet 486:493 arg1 adherence 495:503 platelet adherence 486:503 platelet adherence 486:503 In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. 26611230 4 37 theme that 645:648 arg1 that 645:648 that 645:648 that 645:648 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 37 theme that 645:648 arg1 swelling 583:590 the maximum swelling 571:590 the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min 571:626 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 37 theme that 645:648 arg1 % 640:640 over 300% 632:640 over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 632:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 38 theme polysaccharide 706:719 arg1 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 CMPHP 741:745 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 4 38 theme polysaccharide 706:719 arg1 powder 733:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder 663:738 commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP) 663:746 Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). 26611230 1 39 theme novel 209:213 arg1 biomaterial 215:225 a novel biomaterial 207:225 a novel biomaterial 207:225 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 1 39 theme novel 209:213 arg1 microspheres 238:249 composite microspheres 228:249 composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM) 228:324 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 1 40 theme biocompatible 119:131 arg1 microspheres 143:154 biocompatible composite microspheres 119:154 biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use 119:179 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 6 41 dep research 963:970 arg1 experiment 986:995 experiment 986:995 further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo 955:1003 These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo. 26611230 1 42 theme composite 133:141 arg1 microspheres 143:154 biocompatible composite microspheres 119:154 biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use 119:179 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 0 43 theme collagen 60:67 arg1 Microspheres 0:11 Microspheres 0:11 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 0:106 Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. 26611230 2 44 theme CSCM 350:353 arg1 ultra-structure 331:345 The ultra-structure 327:345 The ultra-structure of CSCM 327:353 The ultra-structure of CSCM was investigated by scanning electron microscopy assay. 26611230 1 45 theme composite 228:236 arg1 biomaterial 215:225 a novel biomaterial 207:225 a novel biomaterial 207:225 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26611230 1 45 theme composite 228:236 arg1 microspheres 238:249 composite microspheres 228:249 composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM) 228:324 To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). 26344287 8 0 theme weight 1124:1129 arg1 distribution 1131:1142 molecular weight distribution 1114:1142 molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides 1114:1170 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 1 1 theme substitution 182:193 arg1 positions 195:203 the substitution positions 178:203 the substitution positions of functional groups 178:224 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 4 2 theme 13 568:569 arg1 C 571:571 C 571:571 C 571:571 (13)C NMR spectroscopy showed that C-2 and C-3 substitution was occurred but not fully sulfation. 26344287 0 3 theme structure 98:106 arg1 Characterization 69:84 Characterization 69:84 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 0:107 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 8 4 from broadening 1100:1109 arg1 weight 1089:1094 molecular weight 1079:1094 molecular weight 1079:1094 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 8 5 theme polysaccharides 1156:1170 arg1 distribution 1131:1142 molecular weight distribution 1114:1142 molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides 1114:1170 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 7 6 theme mannose/glucose 931:945 arg1 ratio 922:926 the ratio 918:926 the ratio of mannose/glucose 918:945 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 7 from present 530:536 arg1 polysaccharides 550:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 4 8 theme C 571:571 arg1 spectroscopy 577:588 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 567:588 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 567:588 (13)C NMR spectroscopy showed that C-2 and C-3 substitution was occurred but not fully sulfation. 26344287 5 9 dep Meanwhile 665:673 arg1 substituted 680:690 substituted 680:690 substituted 680:690 Meanwhile, C-6 substituted signals near 65ppm were not observed. 26344287 3 10 theme binding 492:498 arg1 energy 500:505 high binding energy 487:505 high binding energy of 168.7eV 487:516 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 10 theme binding 492:498 arg1 S 480:480 S(6+) 480:484 S(6+) 480:484 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 9 11 from hydrolysis 1221:1230 arg1 reaction 1266:1273 the sulfated reaction 1253:1273 the sulfated reaction 1253:1273 It could be attributed to the hydrolysis of polysaccharide in the sulfated reaction. 26344287 6 12 theme secondary 843:851 arg1 hydroxyl 853:860 secondary hydroxyl 843:860 secondary hydroxyl 843:860 The degree of substitution varied from 0.44 to 0.63 in SRSASP which could be attributed to the low reactivity at secondary hydroxyl. 26344287 8 13 theme chromatograph 1041:1053 arg1 analysis 1055:1062 size-exclusion chromatograph analysis 1026:1062 size-exclusion chromatograph analysis 1026:1062 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 1 14 theme groups 219:224 arg1 positions 195:203 the substitution positions 178:203 the substitution positions of functional groups 178:224 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 3 15 theme FT-IR 397:401 arg1 spectra 403:409 FT-IR spectra 397:409 FT-IR spectra 397:409 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 8 16 theme size-exclusion 1026:1039 arg1 analysis 1055:1062 size-exclusion chromatograph analysis 1026:1062 size-exclusion chromatograph analysis 1026:1062 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 1 17 theme functional 208:217 arg1 groups 219:224 functional groups 208:224 functional groups 208:224 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 8 18 theme distribution 1131:1142 arg1 broadening 1100:1109 broadening 1100:1109 broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides 1100:1170 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 8 18 theme distribution 1131:1142 arg1 decrease 1067:1074 a decrease 1065:1074 a decrease in molecular weight 1065:1094 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 5 19 dep substituted 680:690 arg1 C-6 676:678 C-6 676:678 C-6 676:678 Meanwhile, C-6 substituted signals near 65ppm were not observed. 26344287 3 20 theme SO 466:467 arg1 group 473:477 SO(3-) group 466:477 SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) 466:517 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 0 21 theme Regioselective 0:13 arg1 sulfation 15:23 Regioselective sulfation 0:23 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 0:107 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 6 22 theme substitution 744:755 arg1 degree 734:739 The degree 730:739 The degree of substitution 730:755 The degree of substitution varied from 0.44 to 0.63 in SRSASP which could be attributed to the low reactivity at secondary hydroxyl. 26344287 1 23 theme biological 113:122 arg1 related 167:173 related 167:173 related 167:173 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 1 23 theme biological 113:122 arg1 activities 124:133 The biological activities 109:133 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides 109:161 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 3 24 located present 530:536 arg1 polysaccharides 550:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 24 located present 530:536 arg2 group 473:477 SO(3-) group 466:477 SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) 466:517 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 7 25 from change 963:968 arg1 polysaccharides 1006:1020 sulfated polysaccharides 997:1020 sulfated polysaccharides 997:1020 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 0 26 theme Artemisia 28:36 arg1 polysaccharide 53:66 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide 28:66 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide 28:66 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 2 27 theme polysaccharides 295:309 arg1 sulfation 257:265 regioselective sulfation 242:265 regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) 242:318 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 8 28 located observed 1181:1188 arg2 broadening 1100:1109 broadening 1100:1109 broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides 1100:1170 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 8 28 located observed 1181:1188 arg1 analysis 1055:1062 size-exclusion chromatograph analysis 1026:1062 size-exclusion chromatograph analysis 1026:1062 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 8 28 located observed 1181:1188 arg2 decrease 1067:1074 a decrease 1065:1074 a decrease in molecular weight 1065:1094 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 3 29 theme photoelectron 421:433 arg1 spectroscopy 435:446 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 415:446 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 415:452 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 29 theme photoelectron 421:433 arg1 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 6 30 theme low 825:827 arg1 reactivity 829:838 the low reactivity 821:838 the low reactivity 821:838 The degree of substitution varied from 0.44 to 0.63 in SRSASP which could be attributed to the low reactivity at secondary hydroxyl. 26344287 3 31 theme sulfated 541:548 arg1 polysaccharides 550:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 32 attach present 530:536 arg1 polysaccharides 550:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 sulfated polysaccharides 541:564 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 32 attach present 530:536 arg2 group 473:477 SO(3-) group 466:477 SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) 466:517 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 0 33 theme polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 sulfation 15:23 Regioselective sulfation 0:23 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 0:107 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 2 34 theme protecting 375:384 arg1 precursor 386:394 protecting precursor 375:394 protecting precursor 375:394 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 8 35 theme molecular 1079:1087 arg1 weight 1089:1094 molecular weight 1079:1094 molecular weight 1079:1094 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 2 36 theme Artemisia 270:278 arg1 polysaccharides 295:309 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 270:309 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) 270:318 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 2 36 theme Artemisia 270:278 arg1 SRSASP 312:317 SRSASP 312:317 SRSASP 312:317 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 6 37 dep 0.63 777:780 arg1 to 774:775 to 774:775 to 774:775 The degree of substitution varied from 0.44 to 0.63 in SRSASP which could be attributed to the low reactivity at secondary hydroxyl. 26344287 0 38 theme sphaerocephala 38:51 arg1 polysaccharide 53:66 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide 28:66 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide 28:66 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 9 39 theme polysaccharide 1235:1248 arg1 hydrolysis 1221:1230 the hydrolysis 1217:1230 the hydrolysis of polysaccharide in the sulfated reaction 1217:1273 It could be attributed to the hydrolysis of polysaccharide in the sulfated reaction. 26344287 3 40 theme X-ray 415:419 arg1 spectroscopy 435:446 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 415:446 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 415:452 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 40 theme X-ray 415:419 arg1 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 XPS 449:451 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 7 41 theme composition 982:992 arg1 change 963:968 the change 959:968 the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides 959:1020 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 4 42 theme C-3 610:612 arg1 substitution 614:625 C-3 substitution 610:625 C-3 substitution 610:625 (13)C NMR spectroscopy showed that C-2 and C-3 substitution was occurred but not fully sulfation. 26344287 1 43 theme sulfated 138:145 arg1 polysaccharides 147:161 sulfated polysaccharides 138:161 sulfated polysaccharides 138:161 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 2 44 theme regioselective 242:255 arg1 sulfation 257:265 regioselective sulfation 242:265 regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) 242:318 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 1 45 theme polysaccharides 147:161 arg1 related 167:173 related 167:173 related 167:173 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 1 45 theme polysaccharides 147:161 arg1 activities 124:133 The biological activities 109:133 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides 109:161 The biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides are related to the substitution positions of functional groups. 26344287 7 46 theme composition 878:888 arg1 result 890:895 Monosaccharide composition result 863:895 Monosaccharide composition result 863:895 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 7 47 theme sulfated 997:1004 arg1 polysaccharides 1006:1020 sulfated polysaccharides 997:1020 sulfated polysaccharides 997:1020 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 9 48 theme sulfated 1257:1264 arg1 reaction 1266:1273 the sulfated reaction 1253:1273 the sulfated reaction 1253:1273 It could be attributed to the hydrolysis of polysaccharide in the sulfated reaction. 26344287 3 49 dep group 473:477 arg1 energy 500:505 high binding energy 487:505 high binding energy of 168.7eV 487:516 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 49 dep group 473:477 arg1 S 480:480 S(6+) 480:484 S(6+) 480:484 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 7 50 theme chemical 973:980 arg1 composition 982:992 chemical composition 973:992 chemical composition 973:992 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 7 51 from decrease 906:913 arg1 ratio 922:926 the ratio 918:926 the ratio of mannose/glucose 918:945 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 5 52 theme Meanwhile 665:673 arg1 signals 692:698 Meanwhile, C-6 substituted signals 665:698 Meanwhile, C-6 substituted signals near 65ppm 665:709 Meanwhile, C-6 substituted signals near 65ppm were not observed. 26344287 3 53 from polysaccharides 550:564 arg1 present 530:536 present 530:536 present 530:536 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 4 54 theme NMR 573:575 arg1 spectroscopy 577:588 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 567:588 (13)C NMR spectroscopy 567:588 (13)C NMR spectroscopy showed that C-2 and C-3 substitution was occurred but not fully sulfation. 26344287 0 55 theme chemical 89:96 arg1 structure 98:106 chemical structure 89:106 chemical structure 89:106 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 0 56 dep sulfation 15:23 arg1 Characterization 69:84 Characterization 69:84 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 0:107 Regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide: Characterization of chemical structure. 26344287 7 57 theme Monosaccharide 863:876 arg1 result 890:895 Monosaccharide composition result 863:895 Monosaccharide composition result 863:895 Monosaccharide composition result showed a decrease in the ratio of mannose/glucose, indicating the change of chemical composition in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 8 58 from decrease 1067:1074 arg1 weight 1089:1094 molecular weight 1079:1094 molecular weight 1079:1094 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 8 59 theme molecular 1114:1122 arg1 distribution 1131:1142 molecular weight distribution 1114:1142 molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides 1114:1170 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 26344287 2 60 theme sphaerocephala 280:293 arg1 polysaccharides 295:309 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides 270:309 Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) 270:318 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 2 60 theme sphaerocephala 280:293 arg1 SRSASP 312:317 SRSASP 312:317 SRSASP 312:317 In this study, regioselective sulfation of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharides (SRSASP) was prepared by using triphenylchloromethane (TrCl) as protecting precursor. 26344287 3 61 theme 168.7eV 510:516 arg1 energy 500:505 high binding energy 487:505 high binding energy of 168.7eV 487:516 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 61 theme 168.7eV 510:516 arg1 S 480:480 S(6+) 480:484 S(6+) 480:484 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 62 theme high 487:490 arg1 energy 500:505 high binding energy 487:505 high binding energy of 168.7eV 487:516 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 3 62 theme high 487:490 arg1 S 480:480 S(6+) 480:484 S(6+) 480:484 FT-IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that SO(3-) group (S(6+), high binding energy of 168.7eV) was widely present in sulfated polysaccharides. 26344287 8 63 theme sulfated 1147:1154 arg1 polysaccharides 1156:1170 sulfated polysaccharides 1147:1170 sulfated polysaccharides 1147:1170 In size-exclusion chromatograph analysis, a decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution of sulfated polysaccharides was also observed. 24299891 0 0 theme Phyllostachys 78:90 arg1 pubescens 92:100 Phyllostachys pubescens 78:100 Phyllostachys pubescens 78:100 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 24299891 3 1 theme xylose/arabinose 535:550 arg1 21.5-34.4 634:642 21.5-34.4 634:642 21.5-34.4 634:642 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 3 1 theme xylose/arabinose 535:550 arg1 ratios 552:557 the xylose/arabinose ratios 531:557 the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions 531:627 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 1 2 theme alkali/ethanol 300:313 arg1 extractions 315:325 alkali/ethanol extractions 300:325 alkali/ethanol extractions 300:325 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 4 3 theme products 1002:1009 arg1 production 976:985 production 976:985 production of value-added products 976:1009 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 3 4 theme branches 755:762 arg1 degree 745:750 relatively lower degree 728:750 relatively lower degree of branches 728:762 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 4 5 theme water-immersed 849:862 arg1 samples 864:870 the water-immersed samples 845:870 the water-immersed samples 845:870 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 2 6 theme structural 354:363 arg1 features 365:372 The detailed chemical and structural features 328:372 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 328:413 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 6 7 theme water-immersed 1266:1279 arg1 sample 1281:1286 water-immersed sample 1266:1286 water-immersed sample 1266:1286 In addition, an increment of incubation time resulted in a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample. 24299891 4 8 theme raw 958:960 arg1 compositions 923:934 similar compositions 915:934 similar compositions 915:934 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 4 8 theme raw 958:960 arg1 materials 962:970 raw materials 958:970 raw materials for production of value-added products 958:1009 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 3 9 theme alkali 591:596 arg1 extractions 617:627 alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions 591:627 extractions 617:627 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 6 10 theme thermal 1216:1222 arg1 stability 1224:1232 a decreased thermal stability 1204:1232 a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample 1204:1286 In addition, an increment of incubation time resulted in a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample. 24299891 6 11 theme hemicelluloses 1237:1250 arg1 stability 1224:1232 a decreased thermal stability 1204:1232 a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample 1204:1286 In addition, an increment of incubation time resulted in a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample. 24299891 2 12 theme detailed 332:339 arg1 features 365:372 The detailed chemical and structural features 328:372 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 328:413 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 1 13 theme dried 201:205 arg1 chips 250:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 5 14 theme higher 1081:1086 arg1 weight 1098:1103 relatively higher molecular weight 1070:1103 relatively higher molecular weight 1070:1103 Furthermore, the hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively higher molecular weight than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 5 15 contain had 1066:1068 arg1 hemicelluloses 1029:1042 the hemicelluloses 1025:1042 the hemicelluloses extracted with alkali 1025:1064 Furthermore, the hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively higher molecular weight than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 5 15 contain had 1066:1068 arg2 weight 1098:1103 relatively higher molecular weight 1070:1103 relatively higher molecular weight 1070:1103 Furthermore, the hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively higher molecular weight than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 3 16 contain had 724:726 arg2 degree 745:750 relatively lower degree 728:750 relatively lower degree of branches 728:762 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 3 16 contain had 724:726 arg1 hemicelluloses 687:700 hemicelluloses 687:700 hemicelluloses extracted with alkali 687:722 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 1 17 theme water-immersed 211:224 arg1 chips 250:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 3 18 theme alkali/ethanol 602:615 arg1 extractions 617:627 alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions 591:627 extractions 617:627 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 4 19 theme Hemicellulosic 806:819 arg1 fractions 821:829 Hemicellulosic fractions 806:829 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples 806:870 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 1 20 theme Phyllostachys 226:238 arg1 chips 250:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 2 21 theme NMR 475:477 arg1 spectroscopies 479:492 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 469:492 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 469:492 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 1 22 theme environmentally 106:120 arg1 process 144:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process 103:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process 103:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 1 23 theme pubescens 240:248 arg1 chips 250:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 201:254 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 2 24 theme C 473:473 arg1 spectroscopies 479:492 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 469:492 (13)C NMR spectroscopies 469:492 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 4 25 used used 950:953 arg2 compositions 923:934 similar compositions 915:934 similar compositions 915:934 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 4 25 used used 950:953 arg2 materials 962:970 raw materials 958:970 raw materials for production of value-added products 958:1009 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 3 26 theme hemicelluloses 562:575 arg1 21.5-34.4 634:642 21.5-34.4 634:642 21.5-34.4 634:642 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 3 26 theme hemicelluloses 562:575 arg1 ratios 552:557 the xylose/arabinose ratios 531:557 the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions 531:627 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 1 27 theme friendly 122:129 arg1 process 144:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process 103:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process 103:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 2 28 theme 13 470:471 arg1 C 473:473 C 473:473 C 473:473 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 0 29 theme alkaline 34:41 arg1 hemicelluloses 43:56 alkaline hemicelluloses 34:56 alkaline hemicelluloses 34:56 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 24299891 6 30 theme time 1187:1190 arg1 increment 1163:1171 an increment 1160:1171 an increment of incubation time 1160:1190 In addition, an increment of incubation time resulted in a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample. 24299891 1 31 theme steam 259:263 arg1 explosion 265:273 steam explosion 259:273 steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions 259:325 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 2 32 theme TGA 499:501 arg1 analysis 503:510 TGA analysis 499:510 TGA analysis 499:510 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 0 33 from steam 63:67 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 24299891 0 33 from steam 63:67 arg1 property 22:29 thermal property 14:29 thermal property 14:29 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 24299891 6 34 theme decreased 1206:1214 arg1 stability 1224:1232 a decreased thermal stability 1204:1232 a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample 1204:1286 In addition, an increment of incubation time resulted in a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample. 24299891 1 35 theme pretreatment 131:142 arg1 process 144:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process 103:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process 103:150 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 0 36 theme hemicelluloses 43:56 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 24299891 0 36 theme hemicelluloses 43:56 arg1 property 22:29 thermal property 14:29 thermal property 14:29 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 24299891 4 37 attach isolated 831:838 arg1 samples 864:870 the water-immersed samples 845:870 the water-immersed samples 845:870 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 4 37 attach isolated 831:838 arg2 fractions 821:829 Hemicellulosic fractions 806:829 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples 806:870 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 3 38 theme lower 739:743 arg1 degree 745:750 relatively lower degree 728:750 relatively lower degree of branches 728:762 It was found that the xylose/arabinose ratios of hemicelluloses obtained from alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions were 21.5-34.4 and 7.7-9.9, respectively, suggesting that hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively lower degree of branches than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 4 39 theme similar 915:921 arg1 materials 962:970 raw materials 958:970 raw materials for production of value-added products 958:1009 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 4 39 theme similar 915:921 arg1 compositions 923:934 similar compositions 915:934 similar compositions 915:934 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 2 40 theme fractions 405:413 arg1 features 365:372 The detailed chemical and structural features 328:372 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 328:413 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 4 41 theme high 889:892 arg1 yields 894:899 high yields 889:899 high yields 889:899 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 4 42 theme value-added 990:1000 arg1 products 1002:1009 value-added products 990:1009 value-added products 990:1009 Hemicellulosic fractions isolated from the water-immersed samples were obtained in high yields and exhibited similar compositions, which can be used as raw materials for production of value-added products. 24299891 5 43 theme molecular 1088:1096 arg1 weight 1098:1103 relatively higher molecular weight 1070:1103 relatively higher molecular weight 1070:1103 Furthermore, the hemicelluloses extracted with alkali had relatively higher molecular weight than those extracted with alkali/ethanol. 24299891 1 44 from chips 250:254 arg1 hemicelluloses 181:194 hemicelluloses 181:194 hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips 181:254 An environmentally friendly pretreatment process was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from dried and water-immersed Phyllostachys pubescens chips by steam explosion followed with alkali and alkali/ethanol extractions. 24299891 2 45 theme hemicellulosic 390:403 arg1 fractions 405:413 the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 377:413 the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 377:413 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 2 46 theme isolated 381:388 arg1 fractions 405:413 the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 377:413 the isolated hemicellulosic fractions 377:413 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 2 47 dep detailed 332:339 arg1 chemical 341:348 chemical 341:348 chemical 341:348 The detailed chemical and structural features of the isolated hemicellulosic fractions were comparatively investigated by HPAEC, GPC, FT-IR, (13)C NMR spectroscopies, and TGA analysis. 24299891 6 48 theme incubation 1176:1185 arg1 time 1187:1190 incubation time 1176:1190 incubation time 1176:1190 In addition, an increment of incubation time resulted in a decreased thermal stability of hemicelluloses obtained from water-immersed sample. 24299891 0 49 theme thermal 14:20 arg1 property 22:29 thermal property 14:29 thermal property 14:29 Structure and thermal property of alkaline hemicelluloses from steam exploded Phyllostachys pubescens. 26893048 4 0 theme power 936:940 arg1 assay 942:946 reducing power assay 927:946 reducing power assay 927:946 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 0 theme power 936:940 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 6 1 theme same 1185:1188 arg1 composition 1190:1200 the same composition 1181:1200 the same composition of monosaccharides 1181:1219 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 7 2 theme S. 1408:1409 arg1 gracilis 1411:1418 S. gracilis 1408:1418 S. gracilis 1408:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 1 3 theme edible 170:175 arg1 plant 177:181 a little-investigated edible plant 148:181 a little-investigated edible plant 148:181 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 0 4 theme antioxidant 82:92 arg1 activities 94:103 its antioxidant activities 78:103 its antioxidant activities 78:103 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 26893048 4 5 theme highest 504:510 arg1 degree 512:517 the highest degree 500:517 the highest degree of substitution (DS) 500:538 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 6 6 theme antioxidant 1238:1248 arg1 activities 1250:1259 better antioxidant activities 1231:1259 better antioxidant activities 1231:1259 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 4 7 theme structural 643:652 arg1 characterizations 654:670 the structural characterizations 639:670 the structural characterizations 639:670 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 8 theme optimum 545:551 arg1 conditions 553:562 the optimum conditions 541:562 the optimum conditions of the sulfation 541:579 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 9 theme superoxide 897:906 arg1 assay 916:920 superoxide radical assay 897:920 superoxide radical assay 897:920 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 9 theme superoxide 897:906 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 FT-IR 788:792 FT-IR 788:792 FT-IR 788:792 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 assay 890:894 hydroxyl radical assay 873:894 hydroxyl radical assay 873:894 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 chromatography 827:840 size exclusion chromatography 812:840 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 812:846 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 assay 866:870 DPPH radical assay 853:870 DPPH radical assay 853:870 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 analysis 802:809 GC-MS analysis 796:809 GC-MS analysis 796:809 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 assay 942:946 reducing power assay 927:946 reducing power assay 927:946 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 assay 916:920 superoxide radical assay 897:920 superoxide radical assay 897:920 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 10 theme infrared 765:772 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 6 11 theme better 1231:1236 arg1 activities 1250:1259 better antioxidant activities 1231:1259 better antioxidant activities 1231:1259 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 6 12 with polysaccharide 1100:1113 arg1 composition 1190:1200 the same composition 1181:1200 the same composition of monosaccharides 1181:1219 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 6 12 with polysaccharide 1100:1113 arg1 degree 1145:1150 relatively the decreased degree 1120:1150 relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) 1120:1175 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 7 13 theme sulfate 1494:1500 arg1 content 1502:1508 sulfate content 1494:1508 sulfate content 1494:1508 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 0 14 from gracilis 65:72 arg1 modification 9:20 Sulfated modification 0:20 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 0:104 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 26893048 6 15 theme weight 1165:1170 arg1 degree 1145:1150 relatively the decreased degree 1120:1150 relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) 1120:1175 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 6 16 theme decreased 1135:1143 arg1 degree 1145:1150 relatively the decreased degree 1120:1150 relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) 1120:1175 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 7 17 theme content 1502:1508 arg1 effects 1447:1453 combined effects 1438:1453 combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1438:1508 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 6 18 theme power 1312:1316 arg1 assay 1318:1322 reducing power assay 1303:1322 reducing power assay 1303:1322 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 4 19 theme antioxidant 676:686 arg1 properties 688:697 antioxidant properties 676:697 antioxidant properties 676:697 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 20 theme size 812:815 arg1 SEC 843:845 SEC 843:845 SEC 843:845 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 20 theme size 812:815 arg1 chromatography 827:840 size exclusion chromatography 812:840 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 812:846 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 20 theme size 812:815 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 3 21 theme acid/pyridine 435:447 arg1 method 410:415 the method 406:415 the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr) 406:457 The polysaccharide (SGP) was chemically modified to obtain its sulfated derivatives (S-SGP) using the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr). 26893048 4 22 theme radical 908:914 arg1 assay 916:920 superoxide radical assay 897:920 superoxide radical assay 897:920 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 22 theme radical 908:914 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 5 23 theme conditions 1056:1065 arg1 combination 1041:1051 the optimum combination 1029:1051 the optimum combination of conditions 1029:1065 Results showed that the modification was successful, and obtained the optimum combination of conditions. 26893048 6 24 theme reducing 1303:1310 arg1 assay 1318:1322 reducing power assay 1303:1322 reducing power assay 1303:1322 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 4 25 theme reducing 927:934 arg1 assay 942:946 reducing power assay 927:946 reducing power assay 927:946 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 25 theme reducing 927:934 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 26 theme S-SGP 706:710 arg1 characterizations 654:670 the structural characterizations 639:670 the structural characterizations 639:670 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 26 theme S-SGP 706:710 arg1 properties 688:697 antioxidant properties 676:697 antioxidant properties 676:697 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 0 27 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 modification 9:20 Sulfated modification 0:20 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 0:104 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 26893048 6 28 theme monosaccharides 1205:1219 arg1 composition 1190:1200 the same composition 1181:1200 the same composition of monosaccharides 1181:1219 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 4 29 theme exclusion 817:825 arg1 SEC 843:845 SEC 843:845 SEC 843:845 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 29 theme exclusion 817:825 arg1 chromatography 827:840 size exclusion chromatography 812:840 size exclusion chromatography (SEC) 812:846 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 29 theme exclusion 817:825 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 7 30 theme combined 1438:1445 arg1 effects 1447:1453 combined effects 1438:1453 combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1438:1508 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 1 31 theme Sphallerocarpus 106:120 arg1 medicine 215:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 31 theme Sphallerocarpus 106:120 arg1 gracilis 122:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 106:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) 106:143 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 31 theme Sphallerocarpus 106:120 arg1 gracilis 135:142 S. gracilis 132:142 S. gracilis 132:142 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 3 32 theme chlorosulfonic 420:433 arg1 acid/pyridine 435:447 chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine 420:447 chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr) 420:457 The polysaccharide (SGP) was chemically modified to obtain its sulfated derivatives (S-SGP) using the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr). 26893048 3 32 theme chlorosulfonic 420:433 arg1 CSA/Pyr 450:456 CSA/Pyr 450:456 CSA/Pyr 450:456 The polysaccharide (SGP) was chemically modified to obtain its sulfated derivatives (S-SGP) using the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr). 26893048 3 33 theme sulfated 371:378 arg1 S-SGP 393:397 S-SGP 393:397 S-SGP 393:397 The polysaccharide (SGP) was chemically modified to obtain its sulfated derivatives (S-SGP) using the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr). 26893048 3 33 theme sulfated 371:378 arg1 derivatives 380:390 its sulfated derivatives 367:390 its sulfated derivatives (S-SGP) using the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr) 367:457 The polysaccharide (SGP) was chemically modified to obtain its sulfated derivatives (S-SGP) using the method of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine (CSA/Pyr). 26893048 6 34 theme molecular 1155:1163 arg1 weight 1165:1170 molecular weight 1155:1170 molecular weight (Mw) 1155:1175 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 6 34 theme molecular 1155:1163 arg1 Mw 1173:1174 Mw 1173:1174 Mw 1173:1174 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 4 35 theme hydroxyl 873:880 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 35 theme hydroxyl 873:880 arg1 assay 890:894 hydroxyl radical assay 873:894 hydroxyl radical assay 873:894 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 6 36 theme sulfated 1091:1098 arg1 polysaccharide 1100:1113 the sulfated polysaccharide 1087:1113 the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides 1087:1219 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 1 37 theme Chinese 207:213 arg1 medicine 215:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 37 theme Chinese 207:213 arg1 gracilis 122:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 106:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) 106:143 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 7 38 theme in 1381:1382 arg1 activities 1370:1379 the antioxidant activities 1354:1379 the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis 1354:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 7 38 theme in 1381:1382 arg1 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 0 39 from activities 94:103 arg1 modification 9:20 Sulfated modification 0:20 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 0:104 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 26893048 7 40 theme antioxidant 1358:1368 arg1 activities 1370:1379 the antioxidant activities 1354:1379 the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis 1354:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 7 40 theme antioxidant 1358:1368 arg1 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 6 41 theme superoxide 1280:1289 arg1 radical 1291:1297 superoxide radical 1280:1297 superoxide radical 1280:1297 Compared with SGP, the sulfated polysaccharide with relatively the decreased degree of molecular weight (Mw) but the same composition of monosaccharides exhibited better antioxidant activities in DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide radical and reducing power assay. 26893048 1 42 theme traditional 195:205 arg1 medicine 215:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 42 theme traditional 195:205 arg1 gracilis 122:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 106:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) 106:143 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 7 43 theme S-SGP 1397:1401 arg1 activities 1370:1379 the antioxidant activities 1354:1379 the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis 1354:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 7 43 theme S-SGP 1397:1401 arg1 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 0 44 theme polysaccharide 29:42 arg1 modification 9:20 Sulfated modification 0:20 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 0:104 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 26893048 4 45 theme radical 882:888 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 45 theme radical 882:888 arg1 assay 890:894 hydroxyl radical assay 873:894 hydroxyl radical assay 873:894 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 7 46 theme monosaccharide 1462:1475 arg1 composition 1477:1487 monosaccharide composition 1462:1487 monosaccharide composition 1462:1487 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 7 47 from gracilis 1411:1418 arg1 activities 1370:1379 the antioxidant activities 1354:1379 the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis 1354:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 7 47 from gracilis 1411:1418 arg1 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 related 1427:1433 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 7 47 from gracilis 1411:1418 arg1 S-SGP 1397:1401 the S-SGP 1393:1401 the S-SGP from S. gracilis 1393:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 4 48 theme surface 613:619 arg1 RSD 629:631 RSD 629:631 RSD 629:631 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 48 theme surface 613:619 arg1 design 621:626 response surface design 604:626 response surface design (RSD) 604:632 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 7 49 theme composition 1477:1487 arg1 effects 1447:1453 combined effects 1438:1453 combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1438:1508 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 4 50 theme DPPH 853:856 arg1 assay 866:870 DPPH radical assay 853:870 DPPH radical assay 853:870 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 50 theme DPPH 853:856 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 5 51 theme optimum 1033:1039 arg1 combination 1041:1051 the optimum combination 1029:1051 the optimum combination of conditions 1029:1065 Results showed that the modification was successful, and obtained the optimum combination of conditions. 26893048 1 52 theme S. 132:133 arg1 gracilis 122:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 106:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) 106:143 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 52 theme S. 132:133 arg1 gracilis 135:142 S. gracilis 132:142 S. gracilis 132:142 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 0 53 theme Sphallerocarpus 49:63 arg1 gracilis 65:72 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 49:72 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 49:72 Sulfated modification of the polysaccharide from Sphallerocarpus gracilis and its antioxidant activities. 26893048 7 54 theme Mw 1458:1459 arg1 effects 1447:1453 combined effects 1438:1453 combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1438:1508 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 4 55 theme GC-MS 796:800 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 55 theme GC-MS 796:800 arg1 analysis 802:809 GC-MS analysis 796:809 GC-MS analysis 796:809 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 56 theme substitution 522:533 arg1 degree 512:517 the highest degree 500:517 the highest degree of substitution (DS) 500:538 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 7 57 dep in 1381:1382 arg1 vitro 1384:1388 vitro 1384:1388 vitro 1384:1388 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 4 58 theme radical 858:864 arg1 assay 866:870 DPPH radical assay 853:870 DPPH radical assay 853:870 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 58 theme radical 858:864 arg1 spectrometry 774:785 infrared spectrometry 765:785 infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 765:793 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 2 59 theme S. 270:271 arg1 gracilis 273:280 S. gracilis 270:280 S. gracilis 270:280 In this study, polysaccharide extracted from S. gracilis,deproteined and purified. 26893048 4 60 with derivative 484:493 arg1 degree 512:517 the highest degree 500:517 the highest degree of substitution (DS) 500:538 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 7 61 from activities 1370:1379 arg1 gracilis 1411:1418 S. gracilis 1408:1418 S. gracilis 1408:1418 These results indicated that the antioxidant activities in vitro of the S-SGP from S. gracilis may be related to combined effects of Mw, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 26893048 4 62 theme sulfation 571:579 arg1 conditions 553:562 the optimum conditions 541:562 the optimum conditions of the sulfation 541:579 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 1 63 used used 187:190 arg2 medicine 215:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 traditional Chinese medicine 195:222 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 63 used used 187:190 arg2 gracilis 122:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis 106:129 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) 106:143 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 1 63 used used 187:190 arg2 gracilis 135:142 S. gracilis 132:142 S. gracilis 132:142 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 26893048 4 64 theme response 604:611 arg1 RSD 629:631 RSD 629:631 RSD 629:631 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 4 64 theme response 604:611 arg1 design 621:626 response surface design 604:626 response surface design (RSD) 604:632 In order to acquire the derivative with the highest degree of substitution (DS), the optimum conditions of the sulfation were obtained based on response surface design (RSD), and the structural characterizations and antioxidant properties of the S-SGP were comparatively investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), GC-MS analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and DPPH radical assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide radical assay, and reducing power assay, respectively. 26893048 1 65 theme little-investigated 150:168 arg1 plant 177:181 a little-investigated edible plant 148:181 a little-investigated edible plant 148:181 Sphallerocarpus gracilis (S. gracilis) is a little-investigated edible plant and used as traditional Chinese medicine. 25709018 9 0 theme toxic 1263:1267 arg1 chemicals 1269:1277 liver toxic chemicals 1257:1277 liver toxic chemicals 1257:1277 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 6 1 theme liver-injury 630:641 arg1 silybin 658:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 8 2 theme histopathology 1132:1145 arg1 studies 1147:1153 the hepatic histopathology studies 1120:1153 the hepatic histopathology studies in mice 1120:1161 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 8 3 theme liver 1025:1029 arg1 damage 1031:1036 the liver damage 1021:1036 the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses 1021:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 3 4 dep composition 214:224 arg1 the 201:203 the 201:203 the 201:203 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 8 5 from studies 1147:1153 arg1 mice 1158:1161 mice 1158:1161 mice 1158:1161 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 6 6 theme ALT 556:558 arg1 activities 523:532 the activities 519:532 the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) 519:607 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 3 7 theme hepatoprotective 230:245 arg1 function 247:254 hepatoprotective function 230:254 hepatoprotective function 230:254 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 7 8 with mice 791:794 arg1 HJP 801:803 HJP 801:803 HJP 801:803 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 6 9 with pretreatment 458:469 arg1 HJP 484:486 HJP 484:486 HJP 484:486 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 6 10 theme mice 474:477 arg1 pretreatment 458:469 The pretreatment 454:469 The pretreatment of mice with HJP 454:486 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 6 11 theme AST 551:553 arg1 activities 523:532 the activities 519:532 the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) 519:607 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 8 12 theme treatment 993:1001 arg1 effects 1003:1009 the liver prevention and treatment effects 968:1009 the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses 968:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 6 13 theme hepatic 543:549 arg1 AST 551:553 serum hepatic AST 537:553 serum hepatic AST 537:553 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 3 14 theme Zizyphus 294:301 arg1 cv 310:311 Zizyphus jujube cv 294:311 Zizyphus jujube cv 294:311 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 8 15 theme HJP 1014:1016 arg1 effects 1003:1009 the liver prevention and treatment effects 968:1009 the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses 968:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 9 16 used used 1188:1191 arg2 HJP 1175:1177 HJP 1175:1177 HJP 1175:1177 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 9 16 used used 1188:1191 arg2 agent 1223:1227 a prevention and treatment agent 1196:1227 a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs 1196:1287 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 6 17 dep significantly 488:500 arg1 p<0.01 503:508 p<0.01 503:508 p<0.01 503:508 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 3 18 theme polysaccharides 263:277 arg1 composition 214:224 chemical composition 205:224 chemical composition 205:224 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 3 18 theme polysaccharides 263:277 arg1 function 247:254 hepatoprotective function 230:254 hepatoprotective function 230:254 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 5 19 with heteropolysaccharides 376:396 arg1 arabinose 417:425 arabinose 417:425 arabinose 417:425 The composition of HJP was determined as heteropolysaccharides with galactose and arabinose being the main components. 25709018 5 19 with heteropolysaccharides 376:396 arg1 galactose 403:411 galactose 403:411 galactose 403:411 The composition of HJP was determined as heteropolysaccharides with galactose and arabinose being the main components. 25709018 0 20 theme Hepatoprotective 0:15 arg1 effects 17:23 Hepatoprotective effects 0:23 Hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus 0:66 Hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 9 21 theme treatment 1213:1221 arg1 agent 1223:1227 a prevention and treatment agent 1196:1227 a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs 1196:1287 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 9 21 theme treatment 1213:1221 arg1 HJP 1175:1177 HJP 1175:1177 HJP 1175:1177 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 0 22 theme polysaccharides 28:42 arg1 effects 17:23 Hepatoprotective effects 0:23 Hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus 0:66 Hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 6 23 theme serum 537:541 arg1 AST 551:553 serum hepatic AST 537:553 serum hepatic AST 537:553 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 3 24 theme chemical 205:212 arg1 composition 214:224 chemical composition 205:224 chemical composition 205:224 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 6 25 theme prevention 683:692 arg1 effects 694:700 any prevention effects 679:700 any prevention effects 679:700 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 7 26 theme mice 791:794 arg1 administration 747:760 the administration 743:760 the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP 743:803 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 7 27 theme study 715:719 arg1 results 721:727 Mechanistic study results 703:727 Mechanistic study results 703:727 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 3 28 theme jujube 303:308 arg1 cv 310:311 Zizyphus jujube cv 294:311 Zizyphus jujube cv 294:311 This study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and hepatoprotective function of the polysaccharides extracted from Zizyphus jujube cv. 25709018 6 29 theme commercial 619:628 arg1 silybin 658:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 8 30 theme liver 1080:1084 arg1 analyses 1093:1100 the liver enzyme analyses 1076:1100 the liver enzyme analyses 1076:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 5 31 theme HJP 354:356 arg1 composition 339:349 The composition 335:349 The composition of HJP 335:356 The composition of HJP was determined as heteropolysaccharides with galactose and arabinose being the main components. 25709018 5 31 theme HJP 354:356 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 376:396 heteropolysaccharides 376:396 heteropolysaccharides with galactose and arabinose being the main components 376:451 The composition of HJP was determined as heteropolysaccharides with galactose and arabinose being the main components. 25709018 7 32 theme Mechanistic 703:713 arg1 results 721:727 Mechanistic study results 703:727 Mechanistic study results 703:727 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 9 33 theme prevention 1198:1207 arg1 agent 1223:1227 a prevention and treatment agent 1196:1227 a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs 1196:1287 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 9 33 theme prevention 1198:1207 arg1 HJP 1175:1177 HJP 1175:1177 HJP 1175:1177 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 8 34 from effects 1003:1009 arg1 damage 1031:1036 the liver damage 1021:1036 the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses 1021:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 7 35 theme APAP-injured 778:789 arg1 mice 791:794 the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice 765:794 the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP 765:803 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 9 36 theme liver 1257:1261 arg1 chemicals 1269:1277 liver toxic chemicals 1257:1277 liver toxic chemicals 1257:1277 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 9 37 theme liver 1233:1237 arg1 injury 1239:1244 liver injury 1233:1244 liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs 1233:1287 Therefore, HJP could be used as a prevention and treatment agent for liver injury induced by liver toxic chemicals and drugs. 25709018 2 38 theme Jujube 94:99 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 Jujube polysaccharides 94:115 Jujube polysaccharides 94:115 Jujube polysaccharides have been proved to have various bioactivities. 25709018 8 39 theme enzyme 1086:1091 arg1 analyses 1093:1100 the liver enzyme analyses 1076:1100 the liver enzyme analyses 1076:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 8 40 theme prevention 978:987 arg1 effects 1003:1009 the liver prevention and treatment effects 968:1009 the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses 968:1100 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 2 41 contain have 137:140 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 Jujube polysaccharides 94:115 Jujube polysaccharides 94:115 Jujube polysaccharides have been proved to have various bioactivities. 25709018 2 41 contain have 137:140 arg2 bioactivities 150:162 various bioactivities 142:162 various bioactivities 142:162 Jujube polysaccharides have been proved to have various bioactivities. 25709018 7 42 theme liver 928:932 arg1 protection 934:943 the liver protection 924:943 the liver protection observed 924:952 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 7 43 theme CCl4- 769:773 arg1 mice 791:794 the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice 765:794 the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP 765:803 Mechanistic study results indicate that the administration of the CCl4- or APAP-injured mice with HJP enhanced SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA, indicating that anti-oxidation and detoxification could be the pathways for the liver protection observed. 25709018 8 44 theme hepatic 1124:1130 arg1 histopathology 1132:1145 the hepatic histopathology 1120:1145 the hepatic histopathology studies in mice 1120:1161 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 6 45 theme drug 653:656 arg1 silybin 658:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 5 46 theme main 437:440 arg1 components 442:451 the main components 433:451 the main components 433:451 The composition of HJP was determined as heteropolysaccharides with galactose and arabinose being the main components. 25709018 6 47 theme LDH 565:567 arg1 activities 523:532 the activities 519:532 the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) 519:607 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 25709018 2 48 theme various 142:148 arg1 bioactivities 150:162 various bioactivities 142:162 various bioactivities 142:162 Jujube polysaccharides have been proved to have various bioactivities. 25709018 8 49 theme liver 972:976 arg1 prevention 978:987 liver prevention 972:987 liver prevention 972:987 In addition, the liver prevention and treatment effects of HJP on the liver damage induced by CCl4 or APAP obtained from the liver enzyme analyses were confirmed by the hepatic histopathology studies in mice. 25709018 6 50 theme treatment 643:651 arg1 silybin 658:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin 615:664 The pretreatment of mice with HJP significantly (p<0.01) reduced the activities of serum hepatic AST, ALT, and LDH induced by CCl4 or acetaminophen (APAP) while the commercial liver-injury treatment drug silybin did not show any prevention effects. 24872420 1 0 theme gp120 242:246 arg1 gp120 242:246 gp120 242:246 gp120 242:246 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 1 0 theme gp120 242:246 arg1 domain 232:237 the V1/V2 domain 222:237 the V1/V2 domain of gp120 222:246 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 7 1 theme mannose-5 1375:1383 arg1 glycans 1385:1391 mannose-5 glycans 1375:1391 mannose-5 glycans 1375:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 2 theme V1/V2 798:802 arg1 structure 819:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 4 3 theme antibodies 645:654 arg1 types 636:640 both types 631:640 both types of antibodies 631:654 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 1 4 from infection 283:291 arg1 protection 261:270 protection 261:270 protection from HIV-1 infection 261:291 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 1 5 theme investigation 159:171 arg1 lines 150:154 Two lines 146:154 Two lines of investigation 146:171 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 4 6 theme β-sheet 811:817 arg1 structure 819:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 6 7 theme mannose 1107:1113 arg1 structures 1115:1124 the high mannose structures 1098:1124 the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs 1098:1166 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 10 8 theme RV144 1871:1875 arg1 trial 1877:1881 the RV144 trial 1867:1881 the RV144 trial 1867:1881 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 7 9 theme multiple 1335:1342 arg1 strains 1344:1350 multiple strains 1335:1350 multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1335:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 0 10 theme protective 106:115 arg1 responses 126:134 protective antibody responses 106:134 protective antibody responses to HIV-1 106:143 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 3 11 theme rare 547:550 arg1 individuals 561:571 rare infected individuals 547:571 rare infected individuals 547:571 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 7 12 theme gp120s 1323:1328 arg1 activity 1301:1308 the PG9 binding activity 1285:1308 the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1285:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 13 theme types 636:640 arg1 binding 620:626 the binding 616:626 the binding of both types of antibodies 616:654 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 0 14 theme responses 126:134 arg1 quality 95:101 quality 95:101 quality 95:101 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 0 14 theme responses 126:134 arg1 magnitude 81:89 magnitude 81:89 magnitude 81:89 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 8 15 gly glycopeptide 1429:1440 arg2 glycopeptide 1429:1440 glycopeptide 1429:1440 glycopeptide 1429:1440 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 9 16 theme proper 1637:1642 arg1 glycans 1644:1650 the proper glycans 1633:1650 the proper glycans 1633:1650 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 9 16 theme proper 1637:1642 arg1 present 1657:1663 present 1657:1663 present 1657:1663 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 10 17 theme V1/V2 1710:1714 arg1 fragments 1716:1724 A244 V1/V2 fragments 1705:1724 A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, 1705:1771 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 6 18 theme mAbs 1163:1166 arg1 binding 1143:1149 the binding 1139:1149 the binding of PG9-like mAbs 1139:1166 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 7 19 theme binding 1293:1299 arg1 activity 1301:1308 the PG9 binding activity 1285:1308 the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1285:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 20 theme acids 703:707 arg1 cluster 686:692 the same cluster 677:692 the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 677:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 6 21 theme gp120 966:970 arg1 immunogens 980:989 the gp120 vaccine immunogens 962:989 the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 962:1027 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 8 22 theme scaffolds 1442:1450 arg1 properties 1415:1424 the properties 1411:1424 the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans 1411:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 23 theme same 681:684 arg1 cluster 686:692 the same cluster 677:692 the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 677:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 10 24 from protection 1853:1862 arg1 trial 1877:1881 the RV144 trial 1867:1881 the RV144 trial 1867:1881 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 2 25 theme non-neutralizing 371:386 arg1 antibodies 388:397 non-neutralizing antibodies 371:397 non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection 371:429 First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. 24872420 3 26 attach isolated 533:540 arg2 antibodies 481:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 440:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) 440:521 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 3 26 attach isolated 533:540 arg1 individuals 561:571 rare infected individuals 547:571 rare infected individuals 547:571 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 6 27 theme HIV-1 1008:1012 arg1 trials 1022:1027 previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 999:1027 previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 999:1027 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 8 28 theme mannose-5 1494:1502 arg1 glycans 1504:1510 mannose-5 glycans 1494:1510 mannose-5 glycans 1494:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 3 29 theme neutralizing 457:468 arg1 antibodies 481:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 440:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) 440:521 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 1 30 theme HIV-1 277:281 arg1 infection 283:291 HIV-1 infection 277:291 HIV-1 infection 277:291 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 3 31 dep PG9 518:520 arg1 e.g. 513:516 e.g. 513:516 e.g. 513:516 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 2 32 theme V2 406:407 arg1 domain 409:414 the V2 domain 402:414 the V2 domain 402:414 First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. 24872420 4 33 theme strands 769:775 arg1 junction 745:752 the junction 741:752 the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 741:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 3 34 theme multiple 440:447 arg1 antibodies 481:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 440:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) 440:521 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 0 35 theme V1/V2 28:32 arg1 domain 34:39 V1/V2 domain 28:39 V1/V2 domain 28:39 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 2 36 theme vaccine 324:330 arg1 trial 332:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. 24872420 8 37 from domain 1467:1472 arg1 properties 1415:1424 the properties 1411:1424 the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans 1411:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 8 37 from domain 1467:1472 arg1 scaffolds 1442:1450 glycopeptide scaffolds 1429:1450 glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans 1429:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 10 38 with regimen 1753:1759 arg1 gp120 1766:1770 gp120 1766:1770 gp120 1766:1770 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 10 39 theme antibody 1786:1793 arg1 response 1795:1802 the antibody response 1782:1802 the antibody response to sequences 1782:1815 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 2 40 theme RV144 312:316 arg1 trial 332:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. 24872420 6 41 theme acid-containing 1062:1076 arg1 glycans 1078:1084 complex sialic acid-containing glycans 1047:1084 complex sialic acid-containing glycans 1047:1084 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 42 dep B 761:761 arg1 the 757:759 the 757:759 the 757:759 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 1 43 theme V1/V2 226:230 arg1 gp120 242:246 gp120 242:246 gp120 242:246 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 1 43 theme V1/V2 226:230 arg1 domain 232:237 the V1/V2 domain 222:237 the V1/V2 domain of gp120 222:246 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 0 44 dep HIV-1 0:4 arg1 proteins 15:22 envelope proteins 6:22 envelope proteins 6:22 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 6 45 theme complex 1047:1053 arg1 glycans 1078:1084 complex sialic acid-containing glycans 1047:1084 complex sialic acid-containing glycans 1047:1084 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 46 theme structure 819:827 arg1 strands 769:775 the B and C strands 757:775 the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 757:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 5 47 from positions 919:927 arg1 glycans 908:914 mannose-5 glycans 898:914 mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding 898:951 However, the broadly neutralizing mAb, PG9, additionally depends on mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding. 24872420 3 48 theme infected 552:559 arg1 individuals 561:571 rare infected individuals 547:571 rare infected individuals 547:571 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 4 49 theme four-stranded 784:796 arg1 structure 819:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 10 50 theme V1/V2 1824:1828 arg1 domain 1830:1835 the V1/V2 domain 1820:1835 the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial 1820:1881 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 10 51 theme A244 1705:1708 arg1 fragments 1716:1724 A244 V1/V2 fragments 1705:1724 A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, 1705:1771 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 9 52 theme high 1605:1608 arg1 affinity 1610:1617 high affinity 1605:1617 high affinity 1605:1617 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 6 53 theme high 1102:1105 arg1 structures 1115:1124 the high mannose structures 1098:1124 the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs 1098:1166 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 0 54 theme antibody 117:124 arg1 responses 126:134 protective antibody responses 106:134 protective antibody responses to HIV-1 106:143 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 7 55 theme HIV-1 1355:1359 arg1 strains 1344:1350 multiple strains 1335:1350 multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1335:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 3 56 theme V1/V2 499:503 arg1 domain 505:510 the V1/V2 domain 495:510 the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) 495:521 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 3 56 theme V1/V2 499:503 arg1 PG9 518:520 PG9 518:520 PG9 518:520 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 3 57 theme elite 581:585 arg1 neutralizers 587:598 elite neutralizers 581:598 elite neutralizers 581:598 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 7 58 theme monomeric 1313:1321 arg1 gp120s 1323:1328 monomeric gp120s 1313:1328 monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1313:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 6 59 theme mannose-5 1248:1256 arg1 glycans 1258:1264 mannose-5 glycans 1248:1264 mannose-5 glycans 1248:1264 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 10 60 theme prime/boost 1741:1751 arg1 regimen 1753:1759 a prime/boost regimen 1739:1759 a prime/boost regimen with gp120 1739:1770 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 4 61 dep positions 710:718 arg1 167–171 720:726 167–171 720:726 167–171 720:726 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 7 62 from strains 1344:1350 arg1 activity 1301:1308 the PG9 binding activity 1285:1308 the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1285:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 7 62 from strains 1344:1350 arg1 gp120s 1323:1328 monomeric gp120s 1313:1328 monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1313:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 6 63 theme vaccine 972:978 arg1 immunogens 980:989 the gp120 vaccine immunogens 962:989 the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 962:1027 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 8 64 theme glycopeptide 1429:1440 arg1 scaffolds 1442:1450 glycopeptide scaffolds 1429:1450 glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans 1429:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 6 65 theme PG9-like 1154:1161 arg1 mAbs 1163:1166 PG9-like mAbs 1154:1166 PG9-like mAbs 1154:1166 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 66 theme amino 697:701 arg1 positions 710:718 positions 167–171 710:726 positions 167–171 710:726 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 4 66 theme amino 697:701 arg1 acids 703:707 amino acids 697:707 amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 697:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 7 67 theme PG9 1289:1291 arg1 activity 1301:1308 the PG9 binding activity 1285:1308 the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1285:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 5 68 theme neutralizing 851:862 arg1 PG9 869:871 PG9 869:871 PG9 869:871 However, the broadly neutralizing mAb, PG9, additionally depends on mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding. 24872420 5 68 theme neutralizing 851:862 arg1 mAb 864:866 the broadly neutralizing mAb 839:866 the broadly neutralizing mAb 839:866 However, the broadly neutralizing mAb, PG9, additionally depends on mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding. 24872420 10 69 with immunization 1687:1698 arg1 fragments 1716:1724 A244 V1/V2 fragments 1705:1724 A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, 1705:1771 We further show that immunization with A244 V1/V2 fragments alone, or in a prime/boost regimen with gp120, enhanced the antibody response to sequences in the V1/V2 domain associated with protection in the RV144 trial. 24872420 8 70 theme V1/V2 1461:1465 arg1 domain 1467:1472 the V1/V2 domain 1457:1472 the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans 1457:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 71 theme adjacent 729:736 arg1 positions 710:718 positions 167–171 710:726 positions 167–171 710:726 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 4 71 theme adjacent 729:736 arg1 acids 703:707 amino acids 697:707 amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 697:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 2 72 theme recent 305:310 arg1 trial 332:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. 24872420 8 73 from properties 1415:1424 arg1 domain 1467:1472 the V1/V2 domain 1457:1472 the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans 1457:1510 We also describe the properties of glycopeptide scaffolds from the V1/V2 domain also expressed with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 0 74 theme envelope 6:13 arg1 proteins 15:22 envelope proteins 6:22 envelope proteins 6:22 HIV-1 envelope proteins and V1/V2 domain scaffolds with mannose-5 to improve the magnitude and quality of protective antibody responses to HIV-1. 24872420 9 75 theme V1/V2 1517:1521 arg1 scaffold 1523:1530 The V1/V2 scaffold 1513:1530 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate 1513:1552 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 9 75 theme V1/V2 1517:1521 arg1 able 1558:1561 able 1558:1561 able 1558:1561 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 7 76 from activity 1301:1308 arg1 strains 1344:1350 multiple strains 1335:1350 multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans 1335:1391 Here, we describe the PG9 binding activity of monomeric gp120s from multiple strains of HIV-1 produced with mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 6 77 theme vaccine 1014:1020 arg1 trials 1022:1027 previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 999:1027 previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 999:1027 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 5 78 theme mannose-5 898:906 arg1 glycans 908:914 mannose-5 glycans 898:914 mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding 898:951 However, the broadly neutralizing mAb, PG9, additionally depends on mannose-5 glycans at positions 156 and 160 for binding. 24872420 6 79 theme previous 999:1006 arg1 trials 1022:1027 previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 999:1027 previous HIV-1 vaccine trials 999:1027 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 3 80 theme monoclonal 470:479 arg1 antibodies 481:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 440:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) 440:521 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 9 81 theme A244 1541:1544 arg1 isolate 1546:1552 the A244 isolate 1537:1552 the A244 isolate 1537:1552 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 9 82 from isolate 1546:1552 arg1 scaffold 1523:1530 The V1/V2 scaffold 1513:1530 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate 1513:1552 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 9 82 from isolate 1546:1552 arg1 able 1558:1561 able 1558:1561 able 1558:1561 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 4 83 theme C 767:767 arg1 strands 769:775 the B and C strands 757:775 the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 757:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 3 84 theme broadly 449:455 arg1 antibodies 481:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies 440:490 multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) 440:521 Second, multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the V1/V2 domain (e.g. PG9) have been isolated from rare infected individuals, termed elite neutralizers. 24872420 4 85 theme domain 804:809 arg1 structure 819:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 780:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 24872420 2 86 theme HIV-1 318:322 arg1 trial 332:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial 301:336 First, the recent RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial documented a correlation between non-neutralizing antibodies to the V2 domain and protection. 24872420 9 87 with mAbs 1595:1598 arg1 affinity 1610:1617 high affinity 1605:1617 high affinity 1605:1617 The V1/V2 scaffold from the A244 isolate was able to bind the PG9, CH01, and CH03 mAbs with high affinity provided that the proper glycans were present. 24872420 1 88 theme antibodies 208:217 arg1 importance 194:203 the importance 190:203 the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection 190:291 Two lines of investigation have highlighted the importance of antibodies to the V1/V2 domain of gp120 in providing protection from HIV-1 infection. 24872420 6 89 theme sialic 1055:1060 arg1 glycans 1078:1084 complex sialic acid-containing glycans 1047:1084 complex sialic acid-containing glycans 1047:1084 Because the gp120 vaccine immunogens used in previous HIV-1 vaccine trials were enriched for complex sialic acid-containing glycans, and lacked the high mannose structures required for the binding of PG9-like mAbs, we wondered if these immunogens could be improved by limiting glycosylation to mannose-5 glycans. 24872420 4 90 theme B 761:761 arg1 strands 769:775 the B and C strands 757:775 the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure 757:827 Interestingly, the binding of both types of antibodies appears to depend on the same cluster of amino acids (positions 167–171) adjacent to the junction of the B and C strands of the four-stranded V1/V2 domain β-sheet structure. 26204674 3 0 from ides 492:495 arg1 activity 434:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity 409:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides 409:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 9 1 theme ± 1002:1002 arg1 GAE/g 1012:1016 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 996:1016 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 996:1016 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 26204674 11 2 theme food 1498:1501 arg1 industries 1522:1531 the food and pharmaceutical industries 1494:1531 the food and pharmaceutical industries 1494:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 6 3 theme Antioxidant 688:698 arg1 activity 700:707 Antioxidant activity 688:707 Antioxidant activity 688:707 Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS radical cation scavenging and reducing power assays. 26204674 9 4 theme mg 1009:1010 arg1 GAE/g 1012:1016 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 996:1016 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 996:1016 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 26204674 5 5 theme phenolic 629:636 arg1 content 638:644 Total phenolic content 623:644 Total phenolic content 623:644 Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. 26204674 11 6 theme pharmaceutical 1507:1520 arg1 industries 1522:1531 the food and pharmaceutical industries 1494:1531 the food and pharmaceutical industries 1494:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 2 7 theme chemical 287:294 arg1 composition 296:306 its chemical composition 283:306 its chemical composition 283:306 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 9 8 theme crude 1040:1044 arg1 polysaccharide 1046:1059 the crude polysaccharide 1036:1059 the crude polysaccharide 1036:1059 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 26204674 4 9 dep transform 582:590 arg1 infrared 592:599 infrared 592:599 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 582:620 MATERIALS AND METHODS The water soluble polysaccharide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26204674 2 10 theme Sea 232:234 arg1 waters 244:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 10 11 theme important 1105:1113 arg1 activity 1131:1138 important ABTS scavenging activity 1105:1138 important ABTS scavenging activity 1105:1138 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 2 12 theme Romanian 217:224 arg1 waters 244:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 1 13 theme seaweed 135:141 arg1 New 181:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 UNLABELLED The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New. 26204674 8 14 theme DISCUSSION 855:864 arg1 analysis 872:879 DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis 855:879 DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis 855:879 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 11 15 dep polysaccharide 1411:1424 arg1 suggests 1426:1433 suggests 1426:1433 suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1426:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 1 16 theme pseudoceranoides 155:170 arg1 New 181:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 UNLABELLED The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New. 26204674 0 17 from PSEUDOCERANOIDES 98:113 arg1 CHARACTERIZATION 11:26 CHARACTERIZATION 11:26 CHARACTERIZATION 11:26 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 0 17 from PSEUDOCERANOIDES 98:113 arg1 ACTIVITY 44:51 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 32:51 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 32:51 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 0 17 from PSEUDOCERANOIDES 98:113 arg1 ISOLATION 0:8 ISOLATION 0:8 ISOLATION 0:8 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 0 18 theme CRUDE 60:64 arg1 POLYSACCHARIDE 66:79 THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE 56:79 THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE 56:79 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 10 19 dep % 1286:1286 arg1 ± 1315:1315 0.2494 ± 0.002 1308:1321 0.2494 ± 0.002 1308:1321 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 1 20 theme Gmelin 173:178 arg1 New 181:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 UNLABELLED The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New. 26204674 10 21 dep exhibited 1095:1103 arg1 % 1153:1153 49.59 ± 0.03% 1141:1153 49.59 ± 0.03% 1141:1153 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 22 theme scavenging 1120:1129 arg1 activity 1131:1138 important ABTS scavenging activity 1105:1138 important ABTS scavenging activity 1105:1138 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 8 23 theme polysaccharide 894:907 arg1 analysis 872:879 DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis 855:879 DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis 855:879 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 8 23 theme polysaccharide 894:907 arg1 RESULTS 843:849 RESULTS 843:849 RESULTS 843:849 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 10 24 theme mg/mL 1350:1354 arg1 concentration 1329:1341 a concentration 1327:1341 a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL 1327:1354 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 25 theme ABTS 1248:1251 arg1 activity 1264:1271 ABTS scavenging activity 1248:1271 ABTS scavenging activity 1248:1271 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 11 26 from agent 1485:1489 arg1 industries 1522:1531 the food and pharmaceutical industries 1494:1531 the food and pharmaceutical industries 1494:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 8 27 theme characteristic 916:929 arg1 bands 931:935 characteristic bands 916:935 characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure 916:965 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 6 28 theme ABTS 726:729 arg1 scavenging 746:755 ABTS radical cation scavenging 726:755 ABTS radical cation scavenging 726:755 Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS radical cation scavenging and reducing power assays. 26204674 10 29 theme ± 1147:1147 arg1 % 1153:1153 49.59 ± 0.03% 1141:1153 49.59 ± 0.03% 1141:1153 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 8 30 theme structure 957:965 arg1 bands 931:935 characteristic bands 916:935 characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure 916:965 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 3 31 theme study 363:367 arg1 aim 344:346 The aim 340:346 The aim of the present study 340:367 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 7 32 theme positive 825:832 arg1 control 834:840 positive control 825:840 positive control 825:840 Commercial-grade carrageenan was used as positive control. 26204674 7 32 theme positive 825:832 arg1 carrageenan 801:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan 784:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan 784:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan was used as positive control. 26204674 3 33 dep AIMS 335:338 arg1 was 369:371 was 369:371 was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides 369:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 0 34 theme ANTIOXIDANT 32:42 arg1 ACTIVITY 44:51 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 32:51 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 32:51 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 3 35 dep in 413:414 arg1 vitro 416:420 vitro 416:420 vitro 416:420 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 10 36 from concentration 1329:1341 arg1 % 1286:1286 30.30 ± 0.03% 1274:1286 30.30 ± 0.03% 1274:1286 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 36 from concentration 1329:1341 arg1 power 1301:1305 reducing power 1292:1305 reducing power 1292:1305 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 3 37 theme P. 476:477 arg1 ides 492:495 P. pseudocerano ides 476:495 P. pseudocerano ides 476:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 10 38 theme reducing 1174:1181 arg1 power 1183:1187 a good reducing power 1167:1187 a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002) 1167:1204 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 38 theme reducing 1174:1181 arg1 ± 1197:1197 0.4060 ± 0.002 1190:1203 0.4060 ± 0.002 1190:1203 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 6 39 theme power 770:774 arg1 assays 776:781 reducing power assays 761:781 reducing power assays 761:781 Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS radical cation scavenging and reducing power assays. 26204674 3 40 theme polysaccharide 456:469 arg1 activity 434:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity 409:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides 409:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 9 41 theme total 970:974 arg1 content 985:991 A total phenolic content 968:991 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 968:1016 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 26204674 7 42 used used 817:820 arg2 carrageenan 801:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan 784:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan 784:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan was used as positive control. 26204674 7 42 used used 817:820 arg2 control 834:840 positive control 825:840 positive control 825:840 Commercial-grade carrageenan was used as positive control. 26204674 6 43 theme cation 739:744 arg1 scavenging 746:755 ABTS radical cation scavenging 726:755 ABTS radical cation scavenging 726:755 Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS radical cation scavenging and reducing power assays. 26204674 11 44 theme antioxidant 1374:1384 arg1 activity 1386:1393 The antioxidant activity 1370:1393 The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1370:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 5 45 theme Folin-Ciocalteu 664:678 arg1 method 680:685 Folin-Ciocalteu method 664:685 Folin-Ciocalteu method 664:685 Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. 26204674 9 46 theme 1.00 1004:1007 arg1 GAE/g 1012:1016 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 996:1016 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 996:1016 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 26204674 5 47 theme Total 623:627 arg1 content 638:644 Total phenolic content 623:644 Total phenolic content 623:644 Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. 26204674 9 48 theme GAE/g 1012:1016 arg1 content 985:991 A total phenolic content 968:991 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 968:1016 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 26204674 2 49 theme biological 312:321 arg1 activities 323:332 biological activities 312:332 biological activities 312:332 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 2 50 located found 204:208 arg1 waters 244:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 2 50 located found 204:208 arg2 Tayl 189:192 et Tayl 186:192 et Tayl 186:192 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 10 51 theme scavenging 1253:1262 arg1 activity 1264:1271 ABTS scavenging activity 1248:1271 ABTS scavenging activity 1248:1271 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 2 52 theme coastal 236:242 arg1 waters 244:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 4 53 dep Fourier 574:580 arg1 transform 582:590 transform 582:590 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 582:620 MATERIALS AND METHODS The water soluble polysaccharide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26204674 2 54 theme Black 226:230 arg1 waters 244:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters 213:249 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 1 55 theme red 131:133 arg1 New 181:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 UNLABELLED The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New. 26204674 11 56 theme ingredient 1458:1467 arg1 agent 1485:1489 an ingredient and antioxidant agent 1455:1489 an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1455:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 11 56 theme ingredient 1458:1467 arg1 use 1448:1450 its possible use 1435:1450 its possible use 1435:1450 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 1 57 theme Phyllophora 143:153 arg1 New 181:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New 127:183 UNLABELLED The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New. 26204674 10 58 theme positive 1230:1237 arg1 control 1239:1245 the positive control 1226:1245 the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL) 1226:1355 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 0 59 theme POLYSACCHARIDE 66:79 arg1 CHARACTERIZATION 11:26 CHARACTERIZATION 11:26 CHARACTERIZATION 11:26 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 0 59 theme POLYSACCHARIDE 66:79 arg1 ACTIVITY 44:51 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 32:51 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 32:51 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 0 59 theme POLYSACCHARIDE 66:79 arg1 ISOLATION 0:8 ISOLATION 0:8 ISOLATION 0:8 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 8 60 theme FT-IR 866:870 arg1 analysis 872:879 DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis 855:879 DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis 855:879 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 0 61 theme PHYLLOPHORA 86:96 arg1 PSEUDOCERANOIDES 98:113 PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES 86:113 PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES 86:113 ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE POLYSACCHARIDE FROM PHYLLOPHORA PSEUDOCERANOIDES. 26204674 11 62 theme antioxidant 1473:1483 arg1 agent 1485:1489 an ingredient and antioxidant agent 1455:1489 an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1455:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 11 62 theme antioxidant 1473:1483 arg1 use 1448:1450 its possible use 1435:1450 its possible use 1435:1450 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 10 63 theme ABTS 1115:1118 arg1 activity 1131:1138 important ABTS scavenging activity 1105:1138 important ABTS scavenging activity 1105:1138 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 8 64 theme crude 888:892 arg1 polysaccharide 894:907 the crude polysaccharide 884:907 the crude polysaccharide 884:907 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 3 65 theme present 355:361 arg1 study 363:367 the present study 351:367 the present study 351:367 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 11 66 theme sulfated 1402:1409 arg1 polysaccharide 1411:1424 the sulfated polysaccharide 1398:1424 the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1398:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 6 67 theme radical 731:737 arg1 scavenging 746:755 ABTS radical cation scavenging 726:755 ABTS radical cation scavenging 726:755 Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS radical cation scavenging and reducing power assays. 26204674 10 68 dep activity 1264:1271 arg1 % 1286:1286 30.30 ± 0.03% 1274:1286 30.30 ± 0.03% 1274:1286 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 68 dep activity 1264:1271 arg1 power 1301:1305 reducing power 1292:1305 reducing power 1292:1305 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 69 theme ± 1280:1280 arg1 % 1286:1286 30.30 ± 0.03% 1274:1286 30.30 ± 0.03% 1274:1286 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 3 70 theme antioxidant 422:432 arg1 activity 434:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity 409:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides 409:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 1 71 dep New 181:183 arg1 UNLABELLED 116:125 UNLABELLED 116:125 UNLABELLED 116:125 UNLABELLED The red seaweed Phyllophora pseudoceranoides (Gmelin) New. 26204674 11 72 theme possible 1439:1446 arg1 agent 1485:1489 an ingredient and antioxidant agent 1455:1489 an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1455:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 11 72 theme possible 1439:1446 arg1 use 1448:1450 its possible use 1435:1450 its possible use 1435:1450 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 3 73 theme in 413:414 arg1 activity 434:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity 409:441 the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides 409:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 10 74 dep control 1239:1245 arg1 activity 1264:1271 ABTS scavenging activity 1248:1271 ABTS scavenging activity 1248:1271 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 8 75 theme carrageenan-type 940:955 arg1 structure 957:965 carrageenan-type structure 940:965 carrageenan-type structure 940:965 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR analysis of the crude polysaccharide showed characteristic bands of carrageenan-type structure. 26204674 10 76 theme reducing 1292:1299 arg1 power 1301:1305 reducing power 1292:1305 reducing power 1292:1305 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 3 77 theme crude 450:454 arg1 polysaccharide 456:469 the crude polysaccharide 446:469 the crude polysaccharide 446:469 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 11 78 theme polysaccharide 1411:1424 arg1 activity 1386:1393 The antioxidant activity 1370:1393 The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries 1370:1531 CONCLUSIONS The antioxidant activity of the sulfated polysaccharide suggests its possible use as an ingredient and antioxidant agent in the food and pharmaceutical industries. 26204674 2 79 theme et 186:187 arg1 Tayl 189:192 et Tayl 186:192 et Tayl 186:192 et Tayl, commonly found in the Romanian Black Sea coastal waters, has not been studied regarding its chemical composition and biological activities. 26204674 4 80 dep MATERIALS 498:506 arg1 polysaccharide 538:551 The water soluble polysaccharide 520:551 MATERIALS AND METHODS The water soluble polysaccharide 498:551 MATERIALS AND METHODS The water soluble polysaccharide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26204674 4 81 theme soluble 530:536 arg1 polysaccharide 538:551 The water soluble polysaccharide 520:551 MATERIALS AND METHODS The water soluble polysaccharide 498:551 MATERIALS AND METHODS The water soluble polysaccharide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 26204674 3 82 theme pseudocerano 479:490 arg1 ides 492:495 P. pseudocerano ides 476:495 P. pseudocerano ides 476:495 AIMS The aim of the present study was to isolate, characterize and assess the in vitro antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharide from P. pseudocerano ides. 26204674 10 83 theme good 1169:1172 arg1 power 1183:1187 a good reducing power 1167:1187 a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002) 1167:1204 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 10 83 theme good 1169:1172 arg1 ± 1197:1197 0.4060 ± 0.002 1190:1203 0.4060 ± 0.002 1190:1203 At 1.5 mg/mL, the polysaccharide exhibited important ABTS scavenging activity (49.59 ± 0.03%) and showed a good reducing power (0.4060 ± 0.002), when compared with the positive control (ABTS scavenging activity: 30.30 ± 0.03% and reducing power: 0.2494 ± 0.002, at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL). 26204674 6 84 theme reducing 761:768 arg1 assays 776:781 reducing power assays 761:781 reducing power assays 761:781 Antioxidant activity was evaluated by ABTS radical cation scavenging and reducing power assays. 26204674 7 85 theme Commercial-grade 784:799 arg1 control 834:840 positive control 825:840 positive control 825:840 Commercial-grade carrageenan was used as positive control. 26204674 7 85 theme Commercial-grade 784:799 arg1 carrageenan 801:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan 784:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan 784:811 Commercial-grade carrageenan was used as positive control. 26204674 9 86 theme phenolic 976:983 arg1 content 985:991 A total phenolic content 968:991 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g 968:1016 A total phenolic content of 25.08 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g was determined in the crude polysaccharide. 27463368 4 0 from distribution 501:512 arg1 endosperm 534:542 the endosperm 530:542 the endosperm of mature grains 530:559 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 7 1 from picture 1021:1027 arg1 scale 1097:1101 the scale 1093:1101 the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1093:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 1 2 theme Cell 117:120 arg1 Polysaccharides 127:141 Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides 111:141 Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features 111:185 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 6 3 theme given 937:941 arg1 cultivar 943:950 a given cultivar 935:950 a given cultivar 935:950 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 2 4 theme end 319:321 arg1 aspects 302:308 many aspects 297:308 many aspects of their end uses 297:326 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 1 5 theme Wall 122:125 arg1 Polysaccharides 127:141 Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides 111:141 Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features 111:185 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 6 6 theme barley 974:979 arg1 cultivars 981:989 barley cultivars 974:989 barley cultivars 974:989 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 4 7 theme mass 658:661 arg1 spectrometry 663:674 enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging 635:682 enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) 635:688 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 4 7 theme mass 658:661 arg1 MSI 685:687 MSI 685:687 MSI 685:687 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 6 8 theme structures 880:889 arg1 distribution 854:865 the distribution 850:865 the distribution of AX and BG structures 850:889 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 7 9 theme BG 1071:1072 arg1 polysaccharides 1074:1088 AX and BG polysaccharides 1064:1088 AX and BG polysaccharides 1064:1088 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 4 10 theme assisted 649:656 arg1 spectrometry 663:674 enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging 635:682 enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) 635:688 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 4 10 theme assisted 649:656 arg1 MSI 685:687 MSI 685:687 MSI 685:687 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 7 11 theme endosperm 1116:1124 arg1 scale 1097:1101 the scale 1093:1101 the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1093:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 2 12 theme cereal 265:270 arg1 walls 277:281 cereal cell walls 265:281 cereal cell walls 265:281 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 5 13 theme polymers 738:745 arg1 features 712:719 Important structural features 691:719 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties 691:818 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties were assessed. 27463368 5 14 theme physicochemical 793:807 arg1 properties 809:818 their physicochemical properties 787:818 their physicochemical properties 787:818 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties were assessed. 27463368 5 15 theme AX 728:729 arg1 polymers 738:745 the AX and BG polymers 724:745 the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties 724:818 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties were assessed. 27463368 2 16 dep Arabinoxylans 188:200 arg1 AX 203:204 AX 203:204 AX 203:204 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 4 17 theme imaging 676:682 arg1 spectrometry 663:674 enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging 635:682 enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) 635:688 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 4 17 theme imaging 676:682 arg1 MSI 685:687 MSI 685:687 MSI 685:687 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 1 18 theme Polysaccharides 127:141 arg1 Distribution 95:106 Distribution 95:106 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 52:186 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 6 19 theme BG 877:878 arg1 structures 880:889 AX and BG structures 870:889 AX and BG structures 870:889 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 5 20 theme Important 691:699 arg1 features 712:719 Important structural features 691:719 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties 691:818 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties were assessed. 27463368 1 21 dep Cultivars 84:92 arg1 Barley 56:61 Barley 56:61 Barley 56:61 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 1 21 dep Cultivars 84:92 arg1 Distribution 95:106 Distribution 95:106 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 52:186 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 2 22 theme many 297:300 arg1 aspects 302:308 many aspects 297:308 many aspects of their end uses 297:326 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 0 23 theme Spectrometric 5:17 arg1 Imaging 19:25 Mass Spectrometric Imaging 0:25 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 0:50 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 27463368 4 24 theme grains 554:559 arg1 endosperm 534:542 the endosperm 530:542 the endosperm of mature grains 530:559 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 0 25 theme Mass 0:3 arg1 Imaging 19:25 Mass Spectrometric Imaging 0:25 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 0:50 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 27463368 1 26 theme Hordeum 64:70 arg1 vulgare 72:78 Hordeum vulgare L. 64:81 Hordeum vulgare L. 64:81 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 1 26 theme Hordeum 64:70 arg1 Cultivars 84:92 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars 52:92 Cultivars 84:92 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 3 27 theme Important 329:337 arg1 variations 339:348 Important variations 329:348 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides 329:406 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 7 28 theme structural 1036:1045 arg1 heterogeneity 1047:1059 the structural heterogeneity 1032:1059 the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1032:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 5 29 theme structural 701:710 arg1 features 712:719 Important structural features 691:719 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties 691:818 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties were assessed. 27463368 0 30 dep Wheat 30:34 arg1 Triticum 37:44 Triticum 37:44 Triticum 37:44 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 27463368 3 31 theme given 460:464 arg1 species 466:472 a given species 458:472 a given species 458:472 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 1 32 dep vulgare 72:78 arg1 L. 80:81 Hordeum vulgare L. 64:81 Hordeum vulgare L. 64:81 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 1 33 theme Main 162:165 arg1 Features 178:185 Their Main Structural Features 156:185 Their Main Structural Features 156:185 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 4 34 theme barley 612:617 arg1 varieties 619:627 eight barley varieties 606:627 eight barley varieties 606:627 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 6 35 located observed 896:903 arg1 endosperm 922:930 the endosperm 918:930 the endosperm of a given cultivar 918:950 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 6 35 located observed 896:903 arg2 Differences 835:845 Differences 835:845 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures 835:889 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 3 36 theme species 466:472 arg1 cultivars 445:453 cultivars 445:453 cultivars 445:453 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 3 36 theme species 466:472 arg1 cereals 433:439 cereals 433:439 cereals 433:439 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 1 37 theme Structural 167:176 arg1 Features 178:185 Their Main Structural Features 156:185 Their Main Structural Features 156:185 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 2 38 dep -β-glucans 222:231 arg1 1→4 218:220 1→4 218:220 1→4 218:220 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 7 39 theme AX 1064:1065 arg1 polysaccharides 1074:1088 AX and BG polysaccharides 1064:1088 AX and BG polysaccharides 1064:1088 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 4 40 theme mature 547:552 arg1 grains 554:559 mature grains 547:559 mature grains 547:559 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 7 41 theme barley 1151:1156 arg1 cultivars 1158:1166 barley cultivars 1151:1166 barley cultivars 1151:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 0 42 theme Wheat 30:34 arg1 Imaging 19:25 Mass Spectrometric Imaging 0:25 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 0:50 Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Wheat (Triticum spp.) 27463368 8 43 theme structure-function 1249:1266 arg1 relationships 1268:1280 the structure-function relationships 1245:1280 the structure-function relationships of these two polymers 1245:1302 Thus, it can participate meaningfully in a strategy aiming at understanding the structure-function relationships of these two polymers. 27463368 5 44 theme BG 735:736 arg1 polymers 738:745 the AX and BG polymers 724:745 the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties 724:818 Important structural features of the AX and BG polymers that were previously shown to influence their physicochemical properties were assessed. 27463368 7 45 theme unique 1014:1019 arg1 picture 1021:1027 a unique picture 1012:1027 a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1012:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 7 46 theme polysaccharides 1074:1088 arg1 heterogeneity 1047:1059 the structural heterogeneity 1032:1059 the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1032:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 6 47 from Differences 835:845 arg1 distribution 854:865 the distribution 850:865 the distribution of AX and BG structures 850:889 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 6 48 theme AX 870:871 arg1 structures 880:889 AX and BG structures 870:889 AX and BG structures 870:889 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 3 49 theme polysaccharides 392:406 arg1 composition 357:367 composition 357:367 composition 357:367 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 3 49 theme polysaccharides 392:406 arg1 structure 373:381 structure 373:381 structure 373:381 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 2 50 dep end 319:321 arg1 uses 323:326 uses 323:326 uses 323:326 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 7 51 theme wheat 1141:1145 arg1 series 1131:1136 a series 1129:1136 a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1129:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 2 52 theme main 246:249 arg1 Arabinoxylans 188:200 Arabinoxylans 188:200 Arabinoxylans (AX) 188:205 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 2 52 theme main 246:249 arg1 components 251:260 the main components 242:260 the main components of cereal cell walls 242:281 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 2 52 theme main 246:249 arg1 1→3 212:214 1→3 212:214 1→3 212:214 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 7 53 from scale 1097:1101 arg1 heterogeneity 1047:1059 the structural heterogeneity 1032:1059 the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1032:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 7 53 from scale 1097:1101 arg1 picture 1021:1027 a unique picture 1012:1027 a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1012:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 7 53 from scale 1097:1101 arg1 series 1131:1136 a series 1129:1136 a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1129:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 8 54 theme polymers 1295:1302 arg1 relationships 1268:1280 the structure-function relationships 1245:1280 the structure-function relationships of these two polymers 1245:1302 Thus, it can participate meaningfully in a strategy aiming at understanding the structure-function relationships of these two polymers. 27463368 6 55 theme cultivar 943:950 arg1 endosperm 922:930 the endosperm 918:930 the endosperm of a given cultivar 918:950 Differences in the distribution of AX and BG structures were observed, both within the endosperm of a given cultivar and between wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 1 56 theme Major 111:115 arg1 Polysaccharides 127:141 Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides 111:141 Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features 111:185 and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars: Distribution of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides According to Their Main Structural Features. 27463368 4 57 theme spatial 493:499 arg1 distribution 501:512 the spatial distribution 489:512 the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains 489:559 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 7 58 theme cultivars 1158:1166 arg1 series 1131:1136 a series 1129:1136 a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1129:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 7 59 gly heterogeneity 1047:1059 arg1 polysaccharides 1074:1088 AX and BG polysaccharides 1064:1088 AX and BG polysaccharides 1064:1088 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 4 60 theme BG 524:525 arg1 distribution 501:512 the spatial distribution 489:512 the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains 489:559 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 2 61 theme walls 277:281 arg1 Arabinoxylans 188:200 Arabinoxylans 188:200 Arabinoxylans (AX) 188:205 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 2 61 theme walls 277:281 arg1 components 251:260 the main components 242:260 the main components of cereal cell walls 242:281 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 2 61 theme walls 277:281 arg1 1→3 212:214 1→3 212:214 1→3 212:214 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 4 62 theme AX 517:518 arg1 distribution 501:512 the spatial distribution 489:512 the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains 489:559 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 27463368 7 63 theme heterogeneity 1047:1059 arg1 picture 1021:1027 a unique picture 1012:1027 a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars 1012:1166 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 3 64 from variations 339:348 arg1 composition 357:367 composition 357:367 composition 357:367 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 3 64 from variations 339:348 arg1 structure 373:381 structure 373:381 structure 373:381 Important variations in the composition and structure of these polysaccharides have been reported among cereals and cultivars of a given species. 27463368 2 65 theme cell 272:275 arg1 walls 277:281 cereal cell walls 265:281 cereal cell walls 265:281 Arabinoxylans (AX) and (1→3),(1→4)-β-glucans (BG) are the main components of cereal cell walls and influence many aspects of their end uses. 27463368 7 66 theme whole 1110:1114 arg1 endosperm 1116:1124 the whole endosperm 1106:1124 the whole endosperm 1106:1124 This study provides a unique picture of the structural heterogeneity of AX and BG polysaccharides at the scale of the whole endosperm in a series of wheat and barley cultivars. 27463368 4 67 theme wheat 586:590 arg1 varieties 592:600 nine wheat varieties 581:600 nine wheat varieties 581:600 In this work, the spatial distribution of AX and BG in the endosperm of mature grains was established for nine wheat varieties and eight barley varieties using enzymatically assisted mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). 28513745 0 0 from fermentation 8:19 arg1 composition 95:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 0 0 from fermentation 8:19 arg1 response 118:125 immune response 111:125 immune response 111:125 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 2 1 theme weeks 507:511 arg1 period 493:498 a period 491:498 a period of six weeks 491:511 Different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight) were orally administered to the mice for a period of six weeks. 28513745 4 2 theme treated 762:768 arg1 group 770:774 the PEP treated group 754:774 the PEP treated group 754:774 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 6 3 theme tract 1195:1199 arg1 health 1201:1206 gastrointestinal tract health 1178:1206 gastrointestinal tract health 1178:1206 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 5 4 theme PEP 1071:1073 arg1 administration 1080:1093 the high-dose PEP oral administration 1057:1093 the high-dose PEP oral administration 1057:1093 In addition, the exerted immune response was significantly altered after the high-dose PEP oral administration. 28513745 4 5 from microbiota 740:749 arg1 group 770:774 the PEP treated group 754:774 the PEP treated group 754:774 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 1 6 theme Pleurotus 149:157 arg1 PEP 183:185 PEP 183:185 PEP 183:185 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 6 theme Pleurotus 149:157 arg1 polysaccharide 167:180 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 128:180 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages 128:301 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 3 7 theme SCFA 542:545 arg1 concentration 547:559 SCFA concentration 542:559 SCFA concentration 542:559 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 0 8 theme microbiota 84:93 arg1 composition 95:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 3 9 theme moisture 576:583 arg1 contents 585:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents 538:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents 538:620 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 6 10 theme exploratory 1101:1111 arg1 study 1113:1117 This exploratory study 1096:1117 This exploratory study 1096:1117 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 0 11 theme fecal 78:82 arg1 composition 95:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 3 12 theme colon 607:611 arg1 contents 613:620 cecum and colon contents 597:620 cecum and colon contents 597:620 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 3 13 theme P 709:709 arg1 group 702:706 the control group 690:706 the control group (P < 0.05) 690:717 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 3 13 theme P 709:709 arg1 < 711:711 P < 0.05 709:716 P < 0.05 709:716 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 2 14 theme body 437:440 arg1 weight 442:447 kg body weight 434:447 kg body weight 434:447 Different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight) were orally administered to the mice for a period of six weeks. 28513745 3 15 theme contents 613:620 arg1 contents 585:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents 538:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents 538:620 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 6 16 theme PEP 1144:1146 arg1 intake 1134:1139 intake 1134:1139 intake of PEP 1134:1146 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 1 17 with glucose 263:269 arg1 linkages 294:301 β-type glycosidic linkages 276:301 β-type glycosidic linkages 276:301 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 6 18 contain have 1154:1157 arg2 role 1170:1173 a positive role 1159:1173 a positive role 1159:1173 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 6 18 contain have 1154:1157 arg1 intake 1134:1139 intake 1134:1139 intake of PEP 1134:1146 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 4 19 theme fecal 734:738 arg1 microbiota 740:749 the fecal microbiota 730:749 the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group 730:774 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 4 19 theme fecal 734:738 arg1 different 805:813 different 805:813 different 805:813 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 1 20 from behavior 348:355 arg1 response 379:386 immune response 372:386 immune response in mice 372:394 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 3 21 theme cecum 597:601 arg1 contents 613:620 cecum and colon contents 597:620 cecum and colon contents 597:620 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 2 22 theme Different 397:405 arg1 doses 407:411 Different doses 397:411 Different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight) 397:448 Different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight) were orally administered to the mice for a period of six weeks. 28513745 4 23 dep found 780:784 arg1 increased 953:961 increased 953:961 were all increased at the family level 944:981 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 4 24 theme Rikenellaceae 882:894 arg1 abundances 933:942 the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances 858:942 the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances 858:942 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 2 25 dep doses 407:411 arg1 g 428:428 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g 414:428 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight 414:447 Different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight) were orally administered to the mice for a period of six weeks. 28513745 4 26 theme control 831:837 arg1 group 839:843 the control group 827:843 the control group 827:843 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 0 27 theme In 0:1 arg1 fermentation 8:19 In vivo fermentation 0:19 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 0:57 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 3 28 theme pH 562:563 arg1 value 565:569 pH value 562:569 pH value 562:569 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 1 29 dep Pleurotus 149:157 arg1 eryngii 159:165 eryngii 159:165 eryngii 159:165 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 3 30 theme concentration 547:559 arg1 contents 585:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents 538:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents 538:620 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 4 31 theme Bacteroidaceae 897:910 arg1 abundances 933:942 the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances 858:942 the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances 858:942 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 1 32 dep novel 130:134 arg1 homogeneous 137:147 homogeneous 137:147 homogeneous 137:147 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 4 33 theme family 970:975 arg1 level 977:981 the family level 966:981 the family level 966:981 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 0 34 theme immune 111:116 arg1 response 118:125 immune response 111:125 immune response 111:125 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 1 35 theme fermentation 335:346 arg1 behavior 348:355 fermentation behavior 335:355 fermentation behavior 335:355 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 0 36 theme Pleurotus 26:34 arg1 polysaccharide 44:57 a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 24:57 a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 24:57 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 5 37 theme high-dose 1061:1069 arg1 administration 1080:1093 the high-dose PEP oral administration 1057:1093 the high-dose PEP oral administration 1057:1093 In addition, the exerted immune response was significantly altered after the high-dose PEP oral administration. 28513745 0 38 from effects 67:73 arg1 composition 95:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 fecal microbiota composition 78:105 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 0 38 from effects 67:73 arg1 response 118:125 immune response 111:125 immune response 111:125 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 6 39 theme positive 1161:1168 arg1 role 1170:1173 a positive role 1159:1173 a positive role 1159:1173 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 1 40 theme molecular 189:197 arg1 weight 199:204 molecular weight 189:204 molecular weight 426 kDa 189:212 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 41 used used 307:310 arg2 PEP 183:185 PEP 183:185 PEP 183:185 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 41 used used 307:310 arg2 polysaccharide 167:180 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 128:180 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages 128:301 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 5 42 theme oral 1075:1078 arg1 administration 1080:1093 the high-dose PEP oral administration 1057:1093 the high-dose PEP oral administration 1057:1093 In addition, the exerted immune response was significantly altered after the high-dose PEP oral administration. 28513745 2 43 theme kg 434:435 arg1 weight 442:447 kg body weight 434:447 kg body weight 434:447 Different doses (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g per kg body weight) were orally administered to the mice for a period of six weeks. 28513745 0 44 theme polysaccharide 44:57 arg1 fermentation 8:19 In vivo fermentation 0:19 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 0:57 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 0 44 theme polysaccharide 44:57 arg1 effects 67:73 its effects 63:73 its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response 63:125 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 5 45 theme immune 1009:1014 arg1 response 1016:1023 the exerted immune response 997:1023 the exerted immune response 997:1023 In addition, the exerted immune response was significantly altered after the high-dose PEP oral administration. 28513745 4 46 theme PEP 758:760 arg1 group 770:774 the PEP treated group 754:774 the PEP treated group 754:774 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 0 47 dep Pleurotus 26:34 arg1 eryngii 36:42 eryngii 36:42 eryngii 36:42 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 5 48 theme exerted 1001:1007 arg1 response 1016:1023 the exerted immune response 997:1023 the exerted immune response 997:1023 In addition, the exerted immune response was significantly altered after the high-dose PEP oral administration. 28513745 3 49 theme high-dose 654:662 arg1 treatment 668:676 high-dose PEP treatment 654:676 high-dose PEP treatment 654:676 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 6 50 theme gastrointestinal 1178:1193 arg1 health 1201:1206 gastrointestinal tract health 1178:1206 gastrointestinal tract health 1178:1206 This exploratory study indicated that intake of PEP could have a positive role in gastrointestinal tract health. 28513745 3 51 theme value 565:569 arg1 contents 585:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents 538:592 the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents 538:620 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 1 52 dep polysaccharide 167:180 arg1 ± 228:228 ± 228:228 ± 228:228 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 53 theme β-type 276:281 arg1 linkages 294:301 β-type glycosidic linkages 276:301 β-type glycosidic linkages 276:301 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 54 theme immune 372:377 arg1 response 379:386 immune response 372:386 immune response in mice 372:394 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 55 theme 426 206:208 arg1 kDa 210:212 kDa 210:212 kDa 210:212 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 3 56 theme PEP 664:666 arg1 treatment 668:676 high-dose PEP treatment 654:676 high-dose PEP treatment 654:676 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 1 57 theme kDa 210:212 arg1 weight 199:204 molecular weight 189:204 molecular weight 426 kDa 189:212 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 58 from response 379:386 arg1 mice 391:394 mice 391:394 mice 391:394 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 59 dep ± 228:228 arg1 weight 199:204 molecular weight 189:204 molecular weight 426 kDa 189:212 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 60 theme novel 130:134 arg1 PEP 183:185 PEP 183:185 PEP 183:185 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 60 theme novel 130:134 arg1 polysaccharide 167:180 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide 128:180 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages 128:301 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 1 61 theme glycosidic 283:292 arg1 linkages 294:301 β-type glycosidic linkages 276:301 β-type glycosidic linkages 276:301 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 28513745 0 62 dep In 0:1 arg1 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 vivo 3:6 In vivo fermentation of a Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide and its effects on fecal microbiota composition and immune response. 28513745 3 63 theme control 694:700 arg1 group 702:706 the control group 690:706 the control group (P < 0.05) 690:717 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 3 63 theme control 694:700 arg1 < 711:711 P < 0.05 709:716 P < 0.05 709:716 The results showed that the SCFA concentration, pH value, and moisture contents of cecum and colon contents were significantly altered with high-dose PEP treatment compared to the control group (P < 0.05). 28513745 4 64 theme Lactobacillaceae 916:931 arg1 abundances 933:942 the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances 858:942 the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances 858:942 Moreover, the fecal microbiota in the PEP treated group was found to be structurally different compared to the control group; especially, the Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae abundances were all increased at the family level. 28513745 1 65 from effects 361:367 arg1 response 379:386 immune response 372:386 immune response in mice 372:394 A novel, homogeneous Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) (molecular weight 426 kDa, purity 91.25 ± 3.14%) which mainly consisted of glucose with β-type glycosidic linkages was used to investigate in vivo fermentation behavior and effects on immune response in mice. 24299866 0 0 from antioxidant 18:28 arg1 Thunb 101:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 1 1 theme ILPS-1 259:264 arg1 fractions 246:254 four fractions 241:254 four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 241:291 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 0 2 theme latifolia 91:99 arg1 Thunb 101:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 1 3 theme crude 383:387 arg1 ILPS 389:392 crude ILPS 383:392 crude ILPS used 383:397 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 5 4 theme crude 759:763 arg1 ILPS 765:768 crude ILPS 759:768 crude ILPS 759:768 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 2 5 theme monosaccharide 470:483 arg1 composition 485:495 monosaccharide composition 470:495 monosaccharide composition 470:495 The four fractions were mainly composed of arabinose and galactose in monosaccharide composition. 24299866 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Thunb 101:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 1 7 theme ILPS 389:392 arg1 amount 373:378 the amount 369:378 the amount of crude ILPS used 369:397 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 1 7 theme ILPS 389:392 arg1 ILPS 389:392 crude ILPS 383:392 crude ILPS used 383:397 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 5 8 theme dismutase 963:971 arg1 activities 938:947 the activities 934:947 the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 934:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 5 9 theme superoxide 952:961 arg1 dismutase 963:971 superoxide dismutase 952:971 superoxide dismutase 952:971 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 1 10 theme ILPS-2 267:272 arg1 fractions 246:254 four fractions 241:254 four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 241:291 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 6 11 with polymer 1110:1116 arg1 activities 1156:1165 antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1123:1165 antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1123:1165 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 5 12 theme serum 810:814 arg1 aminotransferase 824:839 serum alanine aminotransferase 810:839 serum alanine aminotransferase 810:839 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 1 13 dep the 135:137 arg1 leaves 139:144 leaves 139:144 leaves 139:144 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 5 14 theme aminotransferase 855:870 arg1 increase 798:805 the increase 794:805 the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels 794:877 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 6 15 theme potent 1095:1100 arg1 ILPS 1078:1081 ILPS 1078:1081 ILPS 1078:1081 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 6 15 theme potent 1095:1100 arg1 polymer 1110:1116 a potent natural polymer 1093:1116 a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1093:1165 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 0 16 from activities 51:60 arg1 Thunb 101:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 5 17 theme peroxidase 989:998 arg1 activities 938:947 the activities 934:947 the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 934:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 6 18 theme natural 1102:1108 arg1 ILPS 1078:1081 ILPS 1078:1081 ILPS 1078:1081 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 6 18 theme natural 1102:1108 arg1 polymer 1110:1116 a potent natural polymer 1093:1116 a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1093:1165 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 5 19 theme aspartate 845:853 arg1 aminotransferase 855:870 aspartate aminotransferase 845:870 aspartate aminotransferase 845:870 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 1 20 theme % 343:343 arg1 rates 309:313 the recovery rates 296:313 the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used 296:397 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 4 21 theme antioxidant 619:629 arg1 activities 631:640 The antioxidant activities 615:640 The antioxidant activities in vitro of ILPS 615:657 The antioxidant activities in vitro of ILPS decreased in the order of crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1. 24299866 1 22 theme ILPS-3 275:280 arg1 fractions 246:254 four fractions 241:254 four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 241:291 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 1 23 from the 135:137 arg1 polysaccharides 114:128 Crude polysaccharides 108:128 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) 108:175 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 1 24 theme Crude 108:112 arg1 polysaccharides 114:128 Crude polysaccharides 108:128 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) 108:175 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 5 25 theme tetrachloride-induced 1010:1030 arg1 injury 1038:1043 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury 1003:1043 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 4 26 theme ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1 691:721 arg1 order 676:680 the order 672:680 the order of crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1 672:721 The antioxidant activities in vitro of ILPS decreased in the order of crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1. 24299866 1 27 theme DEAE 197:200 arg1 chromatography 215:228 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 197:228 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 197:228 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 1 28 theme ILPS-4 286:291 arg1 fractions 246:254 four fractions 241:254 four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 241:291 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 5 29 theme glutathione 977:987 arg1 peroxidase 989:998 glutathione peroxidase 977:998 glutathione peroxidase 977:998 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 0 30 from Thunb 101:105 arg1 antioxidant 18:28 antioxidant 18:28 antioxidant 18:28 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 0 30 from Thunb 101:105 arg1 activities 51:60 hepatoprotective activities 34:60 hepatoprotective activities 34:60 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 0 30 from Thunb 101:105 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 0 30 from Thunb 101:105 arg1 polysaccharides 65:79 polysaccharides 65:79 polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb 65:105 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 4 31 theme crude 685:689 arg1 ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1 691:721 crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1 685:721 crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1 685:721 The antioxidant activities in vitro of ILPS decreased in the order of crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1. 24299866 1 32 theme cellulose-52 202:213 arg1 chromatography 215:228 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 197:228 DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography 197:228 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 4 33 theme ILPS 654:657 arg1 activities 631:640 The antioxidant activities 615:640 The antioxidant activities in vitro of ILPS 615:657 The antioxidant activities in vitro of ILPS decreased in the order of crude ILPS>ILPS-4>ILPS-3>EPS-2>ILPS-1. 24299866 3 34 theme uronic 602:607 arg1 acid 609:612 uronic acid 602:612 uronic acid 602:612 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 5 35 theme injury 1038:1043 arg1 mice 1045:1048 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 5 36 theme alanine 816:822 arg1 aminotransferase 824:839 serum alanine aminotransferase 810:839 serum alanine aminotransferase 810:839 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 0 37 theme hepatoprotective 34:49 arg1 activities 51:60 hepatoprotective activities 34:60 hepatoprotective activities 34:60 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 5 38 dep aminotransferase 824:839 arg1 levels 872:877 levels 872:877 levels 872:877 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 2 39 from arabinose 443:451 arg1 composition 485:495 monosaccharide composition 470:495 monosaccharide composition 470:495 The four fractions were mainly composed of arabinose and galactose in monosaccharide composition. 24299866 5 40 theme malondialdehyde 905:919 arg1 formation 892:900 the formation 888:900 the formation of malondialdehyde 888:919 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 5 41 theme aminotransferase 824:839 arg1 increase 798:805 the increase 794:805 the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels 794:877 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 0 42 theme polysaccharides 65:79 arg1 antioxidant 18:28 antioxidant 18:28 antioxidant 18:28 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 0 42 theme polysaccharides 65:79 arg1 activities 51:60 hepatoprotective activities 34:60 hepatoprotective activities 34:60 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 0 42 theme polysaccharides 65:79 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 1 43 theme recovery 300:307 arg1 rates 309:313 the recovery rates 296:313 the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used 296:397 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 3 44 theme radical 590:596 arg1 contents 569:576 relative higher contents 553:576 relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid 553:612 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 6 45 theme antioxidant 1123:1133 arg1 activities 1156:1165 antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1123:1165 antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1123:1165 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 5 46 theme ILPS 765:768 arg1 administration 741:754 the administration 737:754 the administration of crude ILPS 737:768 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 2 47 from galactose 457:465 arg1 composition 485:495 monosaccharide composition 470:495 monosaccharide composition 470:495 The four fractions were mainly composed of arabinose and galactose in monosaccharide composition. 24299866 3 48 theme sulfuric 581:588 arg1 radical 590:596 sulfuric radical 581:596 sulfuric radical 581:596 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 5 49 theme liver 1032:1036 arg1 injury 1038:1043 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury 1003:1043 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 6 50 theme hepatoprotective 1139:1154 arg1 activities 1156:1165 antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1123:1165 antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities 1123:1165 The results suggested that ILPS should be a potent natural polymer with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. 24299866 3 51 theme acid 609:612 arg1 contents 569:576 relative higher contents 553:576 relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid 553:612 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 5 52 theme carbon 1003:1008 arg1 injury 1038:1043 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury 1003:1043 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 1 53 theme Ilex 149:152 arg1 Thunb 164:168 Ilex latifolia Thunb 149:168 Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) 149:175 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 1 53 theme Ilex 149:152 arg1 ILPS 171:174 ILPS 171:174 ILPS 171:174 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 0 54 theme Ilex 86:89 arg1 Thunb 101:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Ilex latifolia Thunb 86:105 Characterization, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Ilex latifolia Thunb. 24299866 3 55 theme relative 553:560 arg1 contents 569:576 relative higher contents 553:576 relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid 553:612 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 1 56 theme latifolia 154:162 arg1 Thunb 164:168 Ilex latifolia Thunb 149:168 Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) 149:175 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 1 56 theme latifolia 154:162 arg1 ILPS 171:174 ILPS 171:174 ILPS 171:174 Crude polysaccharides from the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (ILPS) was fractionated by DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography, affording four fractions of ILPS-1, ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 in the recovery rates of 32.3, 20.6, 18.4 and 10.8%, respectively, based on the amount of crude ILPS used. 24299866 5 57 from activities 938:947 arg1 mice 1045:1048 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice 1003:1048 Furthermore, the administration of crude ILPS significantly prevented the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, reduced the formation of malondialdehyde and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury mice. 24299866 3 58 contain had 549:551 arg1 ILPS-4 542:547 ILPS-4 542:547 ILPS-4 542:547 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 3 58 contain had 549:551 arg1 ILPS-3 531:536 ILPS-3 531:536 ILPS-3 531:536 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 3 58 contain had 549:551 arg2 contents 569:576 relative higher contents 553:576 relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid 553:612 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 24299866 3 59 theme higher 562:567 arg1 contents 569:576 relative higher contents 553:576 relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid 553:612 Compared with ILPS-1 and ILPS-2, ILPS-3 and ILPS-4 had relative higher contents of sulfuric radical and uronic acid. 25426551 0 0 theme potential 65:73 arg1 agent 94:98 A potential cancer therapeutic agent 63:98 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 0:99 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 1 1 theme antitumorigenic 138:152 arg1 activities 173:182 antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities 138:182 antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities 138:182 Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. 25426551 10 2 theme endothelial 1222:1232 arg1 structure 1234:1242 endothelial structure 1222:1242 endothelial structure 1222:1242 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 3 3 dep ability 368:374 arg1 bind 379:382 bind 379:382 to bind actin 376:388 trT2-50 maintained its ability to bind actin and to inhibit angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. 25426551 3 3 dep ability 368:374 arg1 inhibit 397:403 inhibit 397:403 to inhibit angiogenesis and tumorigenesis 394:434 trT2-50 maintained its ability to bind actin and to inhibit angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. 25426551 5 4 theme human 577:581 arg1 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 5 4 theme human 577:581 arg1 cells 610:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 577:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 577:623 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 2 5 theme activity 335:342 arg1 devoid 312:317 devoid 312:317 devoid 312:317 We constructed a truncated version of human RNASET2, starting at E50 (trT2-50) and devoid of ribonuclease activity. 25426551 12 6 theme cancer 1533:1538 arg1 trT2-50 1500:1506 trT2-50 1500:1506 trT2-50 1500:1506 We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 12 6 theme cancer 1533:1538 arg1 agent 1552:1556 a potential cancer therapeutic agent 1521:1556 a potential cancer therapeutic agent 1521:1556 We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 0 7 theme therapeutic 82:92 arg1 agent 94:98 A potential cancer therapeutic agent 63:98 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 0:99 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 7 8 theme network 937:943 arg1 disruption 899:908 disruption 899:908 disruption of the intracellular actin network 899:943 This effect was associated with disruption of the intracellular actin network. 25426551 11 9 theme present 1289:1295 arg1 results 1297:1303 the present results 1285:1303 the present results 1285:1303 Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. 25426551 5 10 theme umbilical 583:591 arg1 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 5 10 theme umbilical 583:591 arg1 cells 610:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 577:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 577:623 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 0 11 theme cancer 75:80 arg1 agent 94:98 A potential cancer therapeutic agent 63:98 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 0:99 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 9 12 theme tumor 1117:1121 arg1 development 1123:1133 tumor development 1117:1133 tumor development 1117:1133 Moreover, trT2-50 led to a significant inhibition of tumor development. 25426551 5 13 theme vein 593:596 arg1 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 5 13 theme vein 593:596 arg1 cells 610:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 577:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 577:623 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 10 14 theme substantial 1202:1212 arg1 loss 1214:1217 a substantial loss 1200:1217 a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors 1200:1268 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 11 15 theme actin 1414:1418 arg1 binding 1420:1426 its actin binding 1410:1426 its actin binding 1410:1426 Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. 25426551 2 16 theme ribonuclease 322:333 arg1 activity 335:342 ribonuclease activity 322:342 ribonuclease activity 322:342 We constructed a truncated version of human RNASET2, starting at E50 (trT2-50) and devoid of ribonuclease activity. 25426551 8 17 theme cellular 1045:1052 arg1 epitopes 1054:1061 similar cellular epitopes 1037:1061 similar cellular epitopes 1037:1061 trT2-50 co-localized with angiogenin, suggesting that both molecules bind (or compete) for similar cellular epitopes. 25426551 5 18 theme endothelial 598:608 arg1 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 HUVECs 617:622 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 5 18 theme endothelial 598:608 arg1 cells 610:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells 577:614 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) 577:623 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 8 19 dep bind 1015:1018 arg1 compete 1024:1030 compete 1024:1030 compete 1024:1030 trT2-50 co-localized with angiogenin, suggesting that both molecules bind (or compete) for similar cellular epitopes. 25426551 1 20 theme antiangiogenic 158:171 arg1 activities 173:182 antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities 138:182 antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities 138:182 Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. 25426551 8 21 theme similar 1037:1043 arg1 epitopes 1054:1061 similar cellular epitopes 1037:1061 similar cellular epitopes 1037:1061 trT2-50 co-localized with angiogenin, suggesting that both molecules bind (or compete) for similar cellular epitopes. 25426551 5 22 theme protein 549:555 arg1 effect 534:539 The antiangiogenic effect 515:539 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein 515:555 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 2 23 theme RNASET2 273:279 arg1 version 256:262 a truncated version 244:262 a truncated version of human RNASET2 244:279 We constructed a truncated version of human RNASET2, starting at E50 (trT2-50) and devoid of ribonuclease activity. 25426551 11 24 theme biological 1451:1460 arg1 activities 1462:1471 anticancer-related biological activities 1432:1471 anticancer-related biological activities 1432:1471 Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. 25426551 0 25 theme recombinant 6:16 arg1 RNASET2 28:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 6 26 theme cytosolic 766:774 arg1 protein 784:790 nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein 754:790 nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment 754:864 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 4 27 theme surface 459:465 arg1 actin 467:471 cell surface actin 454:471 cell surface actin 454:471 trT2-50 binds to cell surface actin and formed a complex with actin in vitro. 25426551 11 28 theme catalytic 1373:1381 arg1 activity 1383:1390 its catalytic activity 1369:1390 its catalytic activity 1369:1390 Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. 25426551 0 29 theme Human 0:4 arg1 RNASET2 28:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 6 30 dep detectable 811:820 arg1 inside 822:827 inside 822:827 inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment 822:864 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 6 31 theme RNASET2 776:782 arg1 protein 784:790 nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein 754:790 nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment 754:864 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 1 32 theme independent 185:195 arg1 activities 173:182 antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities 138:182 antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities 138:182 Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. 25426551 10 33 from tissue 1189:1194 arg1 tumors 1263:1268 trT2-50-treated tumors 1247:1268 trT2-50-treated tumors 1247:1268 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 6 34 theme nuclear 754:760 arg1 protein 784:790 nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein 754:790 nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment 754:864 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 0 35 theme truncated 18:26 arg1 RNASET2 28:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 11 36 theme anticancer-related 1432:1449 arg1 activities 1462:1471 anticancer-related biological activities 1432:1471 anticancer-related biological activities 1432:1471 Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. 25426551 9 37 theme significant 1091:1101 arg1 inhibition 1103:1112 a significant inhibition 1089:1112 a significant inhibition of tumor development 1089:1133 Moreover, trT2-50 led to a significant inhibition of tumor development. 25426551 0 38 theme devoid 37:42 arg1 RNASET2 28:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2 0:34 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 6 39 theme trT2-50 848:854 arg1 treatment 856:864 trT2-50 treatment 848:864 trT2-50 treatment 848:864 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 1 40 theme ribonuclease 204:215 arg1 capacities 217:226 its ribonuclease capacities 200:226 its ribonuclease capacities 200:226 Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. 25426551 11 41 theme activity 1383:1390 arg1 deficient 1356:1364 deficient 1356:1364 deficient 1356:1364 Collectively, the present results indicate that trT2-50, a molecule engineered to be deficient of its catalytic activity, still maintained its actin binding and anticancer-related biological activities. 25426551 10 42 theme abundant 1171:1178 arg1 tissue 1189:1194 abundant necrotic tissue 1171:1194 abundant necrotic tissue 1171:1194 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 4 43 theme cell 454:457 arg1 actin 467:471 cell surface actin 454:471 cell surface actin 454:471 trT2-50 binds to cell surface actin and formed a complex with actin in vitro. 25426551 5 44 theme antiangiogenic 519:532 arg1 effect 534:539 The antiangiogenic effect 515:539 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein 515:555 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 1 45 theme capacities 217:226 arg1 independent 185:195 independent 185:195 independent 185:195 Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. 25426551 0 46 theme RNase 47:51 arg1 activity 53:60 RNase activity 47:60 RNase activity 47:60 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 5 47 theme angiogenic 689:698 arg1 factors 700:706 angiogenic factors 689:706 angiogenic factors 689:706 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 10 48 from loss 1214:1217 arg1 tumors 1263:1268 trT2-50-treated tumors 1247:1268 trT2-50-treated tumors 1247:1268 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 12 49 theme therapeutic 1540:1550 arg1 trT2-50 1500:1506 trT2-50 1500:1506 trT2-50 1500:1506 We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 12 49 theme therapeutic 1540:1550 arg1 agent 1552:1556 a potential cancer therapeutic agent 1521:1556 a potential cancer therapeutic agent 1521:1556 We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 6 50 theme HUVECs 740:745 arg1 staining 728:735 Immunofluorescence staining 709:735 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs 709:745 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 1 51 theme Human 101:105 arg1 RNASET2 107:113 Human RNASET2 101:113 Human RNASET2 101:113 Human RNASET2 has been implicated in antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities, independent of its ribonuclease capacities. 25426551 5 52 theme tube 650:653 arg1 formation 655:663 tube formation 650:663 tube formation 650:663 The antiangiogenic effect of this protein was demonstrated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by its ability to arrest tube formation on Matrigel, induced by angiogenic factors. 25426551 7 53 theme actin 931:935 arg1 network 937:943 the intracellular actin network 913:943 the intracellular actin network 913:943 This effect was associated with disruption of the intracellular actin network. 25426551 9 54 theme development 1123:1133 arg1 inhibition 1103:1112 a significant inhibition 1089:1112 a significant inhibition of tumor development 1089:1133 Moreover, trT2-50 led to a significant inhibition of tumor development. 25426551 12 55 theme potential 1523:1531 arg1 trT2-50 1500:1506 trT2-50 1500:1506 trT2-50 1500:1506 We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 12 55 theme potential 1523:1531 arg1 agent 1552:1556 a potential cancer therapeutic agent 1521:1556 a potential cancer therapeutic agent 1521:1556 We therefore suggest that trT2-50 may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 7 56 theme intracellular 917:929 arg1 network 937:943 the intracellular actin network 913:943 the intracellular actin network 913:943 This effect was associated with disruption of the intracellular actin network. 25426551 0 57 dep RNASET2 28:34 arg1 agent 94:98 A potential cancer therapeutic agent 63:98 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 0:99 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 2 58 theme human 267:271 arg1 RNASET2 273:279 human RNASET2 267:279 human RNASET2 267:279 We constructed a truncated version of human RNASET2, starting at E50 (trT2-50) and devoid of ribonuclease activity. 25426551 4 59 with complex 486:492 arg1 actin 499:503 actin 499:503 actin 499:503 trT2-50 binds to cell surface actin and formed a complex with actin in vitro. 25426551 10 60 theme trT2-50-treated 1247:1261 arg1 tumors 1263:1268 trT2-50-treated tumors 1247:1268 trT2-50-treated tumors 1247:1268 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 6 61 theme Immunofluorescence 709:726 arg1 staining 728:735 Immunofluorescence staining 709:735 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs 709:745 Immunofluorescence staining of HUVECs showed nuclear and cytosolic RNASET2 protein that was no longer detectable inside the cell following trT2-50 treatment. 25426551 10 62 theme Histological 1136:1147 arg1 analysis 1149:1156 Histological analysis 1136:1156 Histological analysis 1136:1156 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 10 63 theme structure 1234:1242 arg1 loss 1214:1217 a substantial loss 1200:1217 a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors 1200:1268 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 10 63 theme structure 1234:1242 arg1 tissue 1189:1194 abundant necrotic tissue 1171:1194 abundant necrotic tissue 1171:1194 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 25426551 0 64 theme activity 53:60 arg1 devoid 37:42 devoid 37:42 devoid 37:42 Human recombinant truncated RNASET2, devoid of RNase activity; A potential cancer therapeutic agent. 25426551 2 65 theme truncated 246:254 arg1 version 256:262 a truncated version 244:262 a truncated version of human RNASET2 244:279 We constructed a truncated version of human RNASET2, starting at E50 (trT2-50) and devoid of ribonuclease activity. 25426551 10 66 theme necrotic 1180:1187 arg1 tissue 1189:1194 abundant necrotic tissue 1171:1194 abundant necrotic tissue 1171:1194 Histological analysis demonstrated abundant necrotic tissue and a substantial loss of endothelial structure in trT2-50-treated tumors. 29199570 12 0 theme PC3 1999:2001 arg1 lines 2008:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 16 1 theme HeLa 2326:2329 arg1 cells 2332:2336 cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2310:2336 cells 2332:2336 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 2 2 theme cancer-preventive 393:409 arg1 properties 411:420 stronger cancer-preventive properties 384:420 stronger cancer-preventive properties 384:420 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 8 3 theme Mycelial 1259:1266 arg1 extracts 1268:1275 Mycelial extracts 1259:1275 Mycelial extracts 1259:1275 Mycelial extracts were prepared either at 100°C or at 4°C in acidic solution. 29199570 1 4 attach derived 193:199 arg1 mushroom 229:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 1 4 attach derived 193:199 arg1 edodes 248:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 1 4 attach derived 193:199 arg2 formulations 180:191 Numerous formulations 171:191 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, 171:254 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 16 5 dep polysaccharides 2411:2425 arg1 both 2364:2367 both 2364:2367 both 2364:2367 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 5 dep polysaccharides 2411:2425 arg1 selenated 2401:2409 selenated 2401:2409 selenated 2401:2409 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 3 6 attach presence 502:509 arg2 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 514:540 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 514:540 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 514:540 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 3 6 attach presence 502:509 arg1 extracts 554:561 mycelial extracts 545:561 mycelial extracts of L. edodes 545:574 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 2 7 theme selenium 326:333 arg1 mycelia 349:355 selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia 326:355 selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes 326:368 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 1 8 theme medicinal 219:227 arg1 mushroom 229:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 1 8 theme medicinal 219:227 arg1 edodes 248:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 12 9 theme moderate 1933:1940 arg1 activity 1978:1985 moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity 1933:1985 moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1933:2012 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 4 10 theme various 754:760 arg1 conditions 762:771 various conditions 754:771 various conditions 754:771 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 11 11 theme Anticancer 1724:1733 arg1 activity 1735:1742 Anticancer activity 1724:1742 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts 1724:1763 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. 29199570 16 12 dep both 2364:2367 arg1 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 2369:2395 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 2369:2395 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 2369:2395 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 13 theme L. 2288:2289 arg1 extracts 2298:2305 L. edodes extracts 2288:2305 L. edodes extracts 2288:2305 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 2 14 theme -enriched 339:347 arg1 mycelia 349:355 selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia 326:355 selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes 326:368 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 15 15 contain have 2178:2181 arg1 extracts 2169:2176 both extracts 2164:2176 both extracts 2164:2176 However, both extracts have no effect or only slightly stimulate normal (HMEC-1) cell viability. 29199570 15 15 contain have 2178:2181 arg2 effect 2186:2191 no effect 2183:2191 no effect 2183:2191 However, both extracts have no effect or only slightly stimulate normal (HMEC-1) cell viability. 29199570 16 16 theme extracts 2298:2305 arg1 activity 2276:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity 2252:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2252:2336 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 16 theme extracts 2298:2305 arg1 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 17 theme cancer 2310:2315 arg1 PC3 2318:2320 cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2310:2336 PC3 2318:2320 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 9 18 theme Se 1343:1344 arg1 content 1346:1352 Total Se content 1337:1352 Total Se content 1337:1352 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 16 19 from due 2341:2343 arg1 combination 2439:2449 combination 2439:2449 combination with other active ingredients 2439:2479 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 5 20 theme Se 971:972 arg1 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 20 theme Se 971:972 arg1 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 20 theme Se 971:972 arg1 compounds 974:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds 949:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) 949:1058 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 1 21 theme Numerous 171:178 arg1 formulations 180:191 Numerous formulations 171:191 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, 171:254 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 6 22 theme extract 1100:1106 arg1 composition 1108:1118 extract composition 1100:1118 extract composition 1100:1118 The relationship between extract composition and biological activity was characterized. 29199570 12 23 dep moderate 1933:1940 arg1 time-dependent 1943:1956 time-dependent 1943:1956 time-dependent 1943:1956 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 12 23 dep moderate 1933:1940 arg1 specific 1959:1966 specific 1959:1966 specific 1959:1966 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 3 24 theme Se-containing 667:679 arg1 polysaccharides 681:695 Se-containing polysaccharides 667:695 Se-containing polysaccharides 667:695 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 2 25 from mycelia 349:355 arg1 isolates 312:319 isolates 312:319 isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes 312:368 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 0 26 from Activity 20:27 arg1 Mushroom 127:134 Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 108:134 Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 108:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 0 27 theme Medicinal 117:125 arg1 Mushroom 127:134 Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 108:134 Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 108:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 2 28 contain possess 376:382 arg2 properties 411:420 stronger cancer-preventive properties 384:420 stronger cancer-preventive properties 384:420 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 2 28 contain possess 376:382 arg1 isolates 312:319 isolates 312:319 isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes 312:368 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 0 29 dep Agaricomycetes 154:167 arg1 Activity 20:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity 0:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 0:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 10 30 theme polyphenolic 1574:1585 arg1 contents 1587:1594 polyphenolic contents 1574:1594 polyphenolic contents 1574:1594 Protein, carbohydrate, and polyphenolic contents were determined with spectrophotometric methods, and Se-containing polysaccharides were measured with the use of precipitation. 29199570 5 31 dep compounds 974:982 arg1 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 31 dep compounds 974:982 arg1 compounds 974:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds 949:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) 949:1058 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 31 dep compounds 974:982 arg1 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 31 dep compounds 974:982 arg1 polysaccharides 1043:1057 Se-containing polysaccharides 1029:1057 Se-containing polysaccharides 1029:1057 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 16 32 theme active 2462:2467 arg1 ingredients 2469:2479 other active ingredients 2456:2479 other active ingredients 2456:2479 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 9 33 theme spectrometry 1397:1408 arg1 method 1410:1415 the atomic absorption spectrometry method 1375:1415 the atomic absorption spectrometry method 1375:1415 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 5 34 theme Se-containing 1029:1041 arg1 polysaccharides 1043:1057 Se-containing polysaccharides 1029:1057 Se-containing polysaccharides 1029:1057 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 12 35 from activity 1978:1985 arg1 lines 2008:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 16 36 theme cytotoxic 2266:2274 arg1 activity 2276:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity 2252:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2252:2336 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 36 theme cytotoxic 2266:2274 arg1 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 0 37 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 Activity 20:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity 0:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 0:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 9 38 theme methylselenocysteine 1422:1441 arg1 contents 1464:1471 methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents 1422:1471 methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents 1422:1471 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 13 39 theme HeLa 2029:2032 arg1 cells 2034:2038 HeLa cells 2029:2038 HeLa cells 2029:2038 The effect in HeLa cells is more pronounced in the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C. 29199570 3 40 theme Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 514:540 arg1 presence 502:509 the presence 498:509 the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes 498:574 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 9 41 theme selenomethionine 1447:1462 arg1 contents 1464:1471 methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents 1422:1471 methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents 1422:1471 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 14 42 theme cell 2144:2147 arg1 line 2149:2152 the PC3 cell line 2136:2152 the PC3 cell line 2136:2152 The effect is almost equal for the PC3 cell line. 29199570 3 43 theme study 465:469 arg1 aim 453:455 The aim 449:455 The aim of this study 449:469 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 0 44 theme Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- 32:59 arg1 Extracts 94:101 Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts 32:101 Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 32:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 2 45 theme stronger 384:391 arg1 properties 411:420 stronger cancer-preventive properties 384:420 stronger cancer-preventive properties 384:420 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 0 46 theme Se-Polysaccharide-Containing 65:92 arg1 Extracts 94:101 Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts 32:101 Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 32:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 3 47 theme mycelial 545:552 arg1 extracts 554:561 mycelial extracts 545:561 mycelial extracts of L. edodes 545:574 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 9 48 theme high-performance 1507:1522 arg1 chromatography 1531:1544 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 1493:1544 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 1493:1544 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 11 49 theme viability 1797:1805 arg1 assay 1807:1811 the MTT cell viability assay 1784:1811 the MTT cell viability assay 1784:1811 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. 29199570 2 50 theme current 427:433 arg1 preparations 435:446 current preparations 427:446 current preparations 427:446 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 4 51 theme Se-containing 726:738 arg1 mycelia 740:746 Se-containing mycelia 726:746 Se-containing mycelia 726:746 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 8 52 from 100°C 1301:1305 arg1 solution 1327:1334 acidic solution 1320:1334 acidic solution 1320:1334 Mycelial extracts were prepared either at 100°C or at 4°C in acidic solution. 29199570 13 53 from pronounced 2048:2057 arg1 extract 2066:2072 the extract 2062:2072 the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C 2062:2102 The effect in HeLa cells is more pronounced in the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C. 29199570 12 54 theme cell 2003:2006 arg1 lines 2008:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 12 55 contain containing 1823:1832 arg1 Extracts 1814:1821 Extracts 1814:1821 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 1814:1860 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 12 55 contain containing 1823:1832 arg2 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 1834:1860 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 1834:1860 Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine 1834:1860 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 11 56 theme MTT 1788:1790 arg1 assay 1807:1811 the MTT cell viability assay 1784:1811 the MTT cell viability assay 1784:1811 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. 29199570 3 57 theme edodes 569:574 arg1 extracts 554:561 mycelial extracts 545:561 mycelial extracts of L. edodes 545:574 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 12 58 theme cytotoxic 1968:1976 arg1 activity 1978:1985 moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity 1933:1985 moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1933:2012 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 7 59 theme 10-L 1202:1205 arg1 bioreactor 1207:1216 a 10-L bioreactor 1200:1216 a 10-L bioreactor 1200:1216 Mycelial cultures were cultivated in a 10-L bioreactor in medium enriched with sodium selenite. 29199570 1 60 theme shiitake 210:217 arg1 mushroom 229:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 1 60 theme shiitake 210:217 arg1 edodes 248:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 8 61 theme acidic 1320:1325 arg1 solution 1327:1334 acidic solution 1320:1334 acidic solution 1320:1334 Mycelial extracts were prepared either at 100°C or at 4°C in acidic solution. 29199570 11 62 theme mycelial 1747:1754 arg1 extracts 1756:1763 mycelial extracts 1747:1763 mycelial extracts 1747:1763 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. 29199570 9 63 theme atomic 1379:1384 arg1 method 1410:1415 the atomic absorption spectrometry method 1375:1415 the atomic absorption spectrometry method 1375:1415 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 16 64 theme edodes 2291:2296 arg1 extracts 2298:2305 L. edodes extracts 2288:2305 L. edodes extracts 2288:2305 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 7 65 theme Mycelial 1163:1170 arg1 cultures 1172:1179 Mycelial cultures 1163:1179 Mycelial cultures 1163:1179 Mycelial cultures were cultivated in a 10-L bioreactor in medium enriched with sodium selenite. 29199570 1 66 theme Lentinus 239:246 arg1 mushroom 229:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 the shiitake medicinal mushroom 206:236 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 1 66 theme Lentinus 239:246 arg1 edodes 248:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Lentinus edodes 239:253 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 0 67 from Mushroom 127:134 arg1 Activity 20:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity 0:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 0:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 0 67 from Mushroom 127:134 arg1 Extracts 94:101 Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts 32:101 Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 32:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 5 68 theme extracts 897:904 arg1 composition 878:888 The chemical composition 865:888 The chemical composition of the extracts 865:904 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 9 69 theme Total 1337:1341 arg1 content 1346:1352 Total Se content 1337:1352 Total Se content 1337:1352 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 5 70 theme cytotoxic 961:969 arg1 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 70 theme cytotoxic 961:969 arg1 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 70 theme cytotoxic 961:969 arg1 compounds 974:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds 949:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) 949:1058 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 16 71 from activity 2276:2283 arg1 PC3 2318:2320 cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2310:2336 PC3 2318:2320 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 71 from activity 2276:2283 arg1 cells 2332:2336 cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2310:2336 cells 2332:2336 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 4 72 theme cytotoxic 789:797 arg1 activity 799:806 cytotoxic activity 789:806 cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 789:862 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 13 73 from effect 2019:2024 arg1 cells 2034:2038 HeLa cells 2029:2038 HeLa cells 2029:2038 The effect in HeLa cells is more pronounced in the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C. 29199570 5 74 theme compounds 974:982 arg1 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 selenomethionine 1007:1022 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 74 theme compounds 974:982 arg1 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 methylselenocysteine 985:1004 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 74 theme compounds 974:982 arg1 compounds 974:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds 949:982 potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) 949:1058 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 5 74 theme compounds 974:982 arg1 amounts 938:944 the amounts 934:944 the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) 934:1058 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 16 75 from combination 2439:2449 arg1 activity 2276:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity 2252:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2252:2336 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 75 from combination 2439:2449 arg1 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 0 76 theme Shiitake 108:115 arg1 Mushroom 127:134 Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 108:134 Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 108:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 1 77 theme anticancer 268:277 arg1 activities 279:288 anticancer activities 268:288 anticancer activities 268:288 Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. 29199570 16 78 theme other 2456:2460 arg1 ingredients 2469:2479 other active ingredients 2456:2479 other active ingredients 2456:2479 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 9 79 theme absorption 1386:1395 arg1 method 1410:1415 the atomic absorption spectrometry method 1375:1415 the atomic absorption spectrometry method 1375:1415 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 15 80 theme normal 2220:2225 arg1 viability 2241:2249 normal (HMEC-1) cell viability 2220:2249 normal (HMEC-1) cell viability 2220:2249 However, both extracts have no effect or only slightly stimulate normal (HMEC-1) cell viability. 29199570 13 81 from extract 2066:2072 arg1 pronounced 2048:2057 pronounced 2048:2057 pronounced 2048:2057 The effect in HeLa cells is more pronounced in the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C. 29199570 13 81 from extract 2066:2072 arg1 effect 2019:2024 The effect 2015:2024 The effect in HeLa cells 2015:2038 The effect in HeLa cells is more pronounced in the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C. 29199570 10 82 theme spectrophotometric 1617:1634 arg1 methods 1636:1642 spectrophotometric methods 1617:1642 spectrophotometric methods 1617:1642 Protein, carbohydrate, and polyphenolic contents were determined with spectrophotometric methods, and Se-containing polysaccharides were measured with the use of precipitation. 29199570 4 83 theme normal 837:842 arg1 lines 858:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 0 84 theme Cytotoxic 10:18 arg1 Activity 20:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity 0:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 0:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 4 85 dep cancer 811:816 arg1 HeLa 827:830 HeLa 827:830 HeLa 827:830 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 4 85 dep cancer 811:816 arg1 PC3 819:821 PC3 819:821 PC3 819:821 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 16 86 theme selective 2256:2264 arg1 activity 2276:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity 2252:2283 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells 2252:2336 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 16 86 theme selective 2256:2264 arg1 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 due 2341:2343 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 5 87 theme chemical 869:876 arg1 composition 878:888 The chemical composition 865:888 The chemical composition of the extracts 865:904 The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. 29199570 16 88 with combination 2439:2449 arg1 ingredients 2469:2479 other active ingredients 2456:2479 other active ingredients 2456:2479 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 10 89 theme Se-containing 1649:1661 arg1 polysaccharides 1663:1677 Se-containing polysaccharides 1649:1677 Se-containing polysaccharides 1649:1677 Protein, carbohydrate, and polyphenolic contents were determined with spectrophotometric methods, and Se-containing polysaccharides were measured with the use of precipitation. 29199570 16 90 theme polysaccharides 2411:2425 arg1 presence 2352:2359 the presence 2348:2359 the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides 2348:2425 The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients. 29199570 7 91 theme sodium 1242:1247 arg1 selenite 1249:1256 sodium selenite 1242:1256 sodium selenite 1242:1256 Mycelial cultures were cultivated in a 10-L bioreactor in medium enriched with sodium selenite. 29199570 14 92 theme PC3 2140:2142 arg1 line 2149:2152 the PC3 cell line 2136:2152 the PC3 cell line 2136:2152 The effect is almost equal for the PC3 cell line. 29199570 6 93 theme biological 1124:1133 arg1 activity 1135:1142 biological activity 1124:1142 biological activity 1124:1142 The relationship between extract composition and biological activity was characterized. 29199570 3 94 from presence 502:509 arg1 extracts 554:561 mycelial extracts 545:561 mycelial extracts of L. edodes 545:574 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 0 95 theme Extracts 94:101 arg1 Activity 20:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity 0:27 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom 0:134 Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). 29199570 11 96 theme extracts 1756:1763 arg1 activity 1735:1742 Anticancer activity 1724:1742 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts 1724:1763 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. 29199570 3 97 theme L. 566:567 arg1 edodes 569:574 L. edodes 566:574 L. edodes 566:574 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 29199570 9 98 theme reverse-phase 1493:1505 arg1 chromatography 1531:1544 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 1493:1544 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 1493:1544 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 15 99 theme cell 2236:2239 arg1 viability 2241:2249 normal (HMEC-1) cell viability 2220:2249 normal (HMEC-1) cell viability 2220:2249 However, both extracts have no effect or only slightly stimulate normal (HMEC-1) cell viability. 29199570 4 100 theme HMEC-1 845:850 arg1 lines 858:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 11 101 theme cell 1792:1795 arg1 assay 1807:1811 the MTT cell viability assay 1784:1811 the MTT cell viability assay 1784:1811 Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. 29199570 2 102 theme edodes 363:368 arg1 mycelia 349:355 selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia 326:355 selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes 326:368 We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. 29199570 4 103 from activity 799:806 arg1 lines 858:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 4 103 from activity 799:806 arg1 cancer 811:816 cancer 811:816 cancer (PC3 and HeLa) 811:831 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 9 104 theme liquid 1524:1529 arg1 chromatography 1531:1544 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 1493:1544 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography 1493:1544 Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 29199570 15 105 theme HMEC-1 2228:2233 arg1 viability 2241:2249 normal (HMEC-1) cell viability 2220:2249 normal (HMEC-1) cell viability 2220:2249 However, both extracts have no effect or only slightly stimulate normal (HMEC-1) cell viability. 29199570 12 106 theme HeLa 1990:1993 arg1 lines 2008:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 HeLa and PC3 cell lines 1990:2012 Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. 29199570 10 107 theme precipitation 1709:1721 arg1 use 1702:1704 the use 1698:1704 the use of precipitation 1698:1721 Protein, carbohydrate, and polyphenolic contents were determined with spectrophotometric methods, and Se-containing polysaccharides were measured with the use of precipitation. 29199570 4 108 theme cell 853:856 arg1 lines 858:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 normal (HMEC-1) cell lines 837:862 Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. 29199570 3 109 theme cytotoxic 590:598 arg1 activity 600:607 their cytotoxic activity 584:607 their cytotoxic activity 584:607 The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. 25817666 4 0 theme stress 770:775 arg1 chains 725:730 polysaccharide chains 710:730 polysaccharide chains 710:730 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 4 0 theme stress 770:775 arg1 decrease 738:745 a decrease 736:745 a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films 736:784 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 7 1 from distances 1262:1270 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 5 2 theme substituted 794:804 arg1 films 826:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 8 3 theme multiscale 1383:1392 arg1 characterizations 1394:1410 These multiscale characterizations 1377:1410 These multiscale characterizations 1377:1410 These multiscale characterizations agreed with the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development. 25817666 2 4 theme walls 505:509 arg1 properties 480:489 mechanical and hydration properties 455:489 mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls 455:509 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 1 5 theme low 143:145 arg1 level 147:151 high, middle and low level 126:151 high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose 126:180 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 2 6 theme cell 500:503 arg1 walls 505:509 wheat cell walls 494:509 wheat cell walls 494:509 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 1 7 theme mechanical 324:333 arg1 tests 335:339 mechanical tests 324:339 mechanical tests 324:339 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 8 8 located observed 1447:1454 arg1 grain 1465:1469 wheat grain 1459:1469 wheat grain 1459:1469 These multiscale characterizations agreed with the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development. 25817666 8 8 located observed 1447:1454 arg2 changes 1439:1445 the structural changes 1424:1445 the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development 1424:1492 These multiscale characterizations agreed with the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development. 25817666 2 9 theme physico-chemical 413:428 arg1 properties 430:439 molecular and physico-chemical properties 399:439 molecular and physico-chemical properties of films 399:448 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 2 10 theme wheat 494:498 arg1 walls 505:509 wheat cell walls 494:509 wheat cell walls 494:509 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 1 11 theme Composite 74:82 arg1 films 84:88 Composite films 74:88 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls 74:251 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 7 12 theme specific 1196:1203 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 13 theme dipolar 1098:1104 arg1 interactions 1106:1117 Lower dipolar interactions 1092:1117 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides 1092:1141 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 14 theme surface 1205:1211 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 15 theme substituted 1360:1370 arg1 AXs 1372:1374 highly substituted AXs 1353:1374 highly substituted AXs 1353:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 16 from area 1213:1216 arg1 films 1240:1244 films 1240:1244 films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1240:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 16 from area 1213:1216 arg1 distances 1262:1270 higher distances 1255:1270 films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1240:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 17 theme higher 1255:1260 arg1 distances 1262:1270 higher distances 1255:1270 films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1240:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 2 18 theme molecular 399:407 arg1 properties 430:439 molecular and physico-chemical properties 399:439 molecular and physico-chemical properties of films 399:448 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 5 19 theme AX 806:807 arg1 films 826:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 5 20 with agreement 877:885 arg1 interactions 899:910 weaker interactions 892:910 weaker interactions between the polymer chains 892:937 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 1 21 theme TD-NMR 345:350 arg1 spectroscopy 352:363 TD-NMR spectroscopy 345:363 TD-NMR spectroscopy 345:363 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 6 22 theme composite 1075:1083 arg1 films 1085:1089 composite films 1075:1089 composite films 1075:1089 This effect was supported by NMR results showing that interactions between AXs and BGs decreased with increased substitution of AXs in composite films. 25817666 3 23 theme ratio 611:615 arg1 AX/BG 617:621 a ratio AX/BG 609:621 a ratio AX/BG of 60/40 609:630 A phase separation phenomenon was observed for films made with highly substituted AXs and BGs at a ratio AX/BG of 60/40. 25817666 4 24 theme strain 759:764 arg1 chains 725:730 polysaccharide chains 710:730 polysaccharide chains 710:730 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 4 24 theme strain 759:764 arg1 decrease 738:745 a decrease 736:745 a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films 736:784 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 7 25 with relation 1173:1180 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 1 26 theme substitution 156:167 arg1 level 147:151 high, middle and low level 126:151 high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose 126:180 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 0 27 theme Multiscale 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Multiscale characterization 0:26 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 0:72 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 25817666 4 28 theme ultimate 750:757 arg1 strain 759:764 ultimate strain 750:764 ultimate strain 750:764 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 1 29 theme Arabinoxylans 100:112 arg1 BGs 215:217 BGs 215:217 BGs 215:217 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 1 29 theme Arabinoxylans 100:112 arg1 -β-D-glucans 201:212 Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans 100:212 Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls 100:251 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 6 30 theme NMR 969:971 arg1 results 973:979 NMR results 969:979 NMR results 969:979 This effect was supported by NMR results showing that interactions between AXs and BGs decreased with increased substitution of AXs in composite films. 25817666 0 31 theme arabinoxylan 31:42 arg1 films 67:71 arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films 31:71 arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films 31:71 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 25817666 2 32 theme mechanical 455:464 arg1 properties 480:489 mechanical and hydration properties 455:489 mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls 455:509 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 7 33 theme polysaccharide 1280:1293 arg1 chains 1295:1300 polysaccharide chains 1280:1300 polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1280:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 4 34 theme phase 638:642 arg1 separation 644:653 This phase separation 633:653 This phase separation 633:653 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 6 35 from substitution 1052:1063 arg1 films 1085:1089 composite films 1075:1089 composite films 1075:1089 This effect was supported by NMR results showing that interactions between AXs and BGs decreased with increased substitution of AXs in composite films. 25817666 6 36 theme AXs 1068:1070 arg1 substitution 1052:1063 increased substitution 1042:1063 increased substitution of AXs in composite films 1042:1089 This effect was supported by NMR results showing that interactions between AXs and BGs decreased with increased substitution of AXs in composite films. 25817666 3 37 theme 60/40 626:630 arg1 AX/BG 617:621 a ratio AX/BG 609:621 a ratio AX/BG of 60/40 609:630 A phase separation phenomenon was observed for films made with highly substituted AXs and BGs at a ratio AX/BG of 60/40. 25817666 5 38 theme mechanical 852:861 arg1 properties 863:872 very weak mechanical properties 842:872 very weak mechanical properties 842:872 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 0 39 theme β-glucan 48:55 arg1 films 67:71 arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films 31:71 arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films 31:71 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 25817666 5 40 theme BG 813:814 arg1 films 826:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 2 41 theme films 444:448 arg1 properties 430:439 molecular and physico-chemical properties 399:439 molecular and physico-chemical properties of films 399:448 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 7 42 theme Lower 1092:1096 arg1 interactions 1106:1117 Lower dipolar interactions 1092:1117 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides 1092:1141 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 5 43 theme polymer 924:930 arg1 chains 932:937 the polymer chains 920:937 the polymer chains 920:937 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 4 44 theme polysaccharide 710:723 arg1 chains 725:730 polysaccharide chains 710:730 polysaccharide chains 710:730 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 7 45 theme polysaccharides 1221:1235 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 0 46 theme films 67:71 arg1 characterization 11:26 Multiscale characterization 0:26 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 0:72 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 25817666 7 47 theme larger 1305:1310 arg1 nanopores 1312:1320 larger nanopores 1305:1320 larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1305:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 48 from polysaccharides 1221:1235 arg1 films 1240:1244 films 1240:1244 films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1240:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 48 from polysaccharides 1221:1235 arg1 distances 1262:1270 higher distances 1255:1270 films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1240:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 6 49 theme increased 1042:1050 arg1 substitution 1052:1063 increased substitution 1042:1063 increased substitution of AXs in composite films 1042:1089 This effect was supported by NMR results showing that interactions between AXs and BGs decreased with increased substitution of AXs in composite films. 25817666 0 50 theme composite 57:65 arg1 films 67:71 arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films 31:71 arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films 31:71 Multiscale characterization of arabinoxylan and β-glucan composite films. 25817666 8 51 theme wheat 1459:1463 arg1 grain 1465:1469 wheat grain 1459:1469 wheat grain 1459:1469 These multiscale characterizations agreed with the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development. 25817666 8 52 theme structural 1428:1437 arg1 changes 1439:1445 the structural changes 1424:1445 the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development 1424:1492 These multiscale characterizations agreed with the structural changes observed in wheat grain during its development. 25817666 4 53 theme films 780:784 arg1 stress 770:775 stress 770:775 stress 770:775 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 4 53 theme films 780:784 arg1 strain 759:764 ultimate strain 750:764 ultimate strain 750:764 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 1 54 theme cereal 235:240 arg1 walls 247:251 cereal cell walls 235:251 cereal cell walls 235:251 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 2 55 theme hydration 470:478 arg1 properties 480:489 mechanical and hydration properties 455:489 mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls 455:509 The objectives were to correlate molecular and physico-chemical properties of films with mechanical and hydration properties of wheat cell walls. 25817666 3 56 theme substituted 582:592 arg1 AXs 594:596 highly substituted AXs 575:596 highly substituted AXs 575:596 A phase separation phenomenon was observed for films made with highly substituted AXs and BGs at a ratio AX/BG of 60/40. 25817666 3 57 theme separation 520:529 arg1 phenomenon 531:540 A phase separation phenomenon 512:540 A phase separation phenomenon 512:540 A phase separation phenomenon was observed for films made with highly substituted AXs and BGs at a ratio AX/BG of 60/40. 25817666 7 58 theme composite 1325:1333 arg1 films 1335:1339 composite films 1325:1339 composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1325:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 5 59 theme composite 816:824 arg1 films 826:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films 787:830 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 5 60 theme weak 847:850 arg1 properties 863:872 very weak mechanical properties 842:872 very weak mechanical properties 842:872 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 7 61 from films 1240:1244 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 4 62 theme lower 675:679 arg1 interactions 689:700 lower dipolar interactions 675:700 lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films 675:784 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 1 63 theme high 126:129 arg1 level 147:151 high, middle and low level 126:151 high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose 126:180 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 4 64 theme dipolar 681:687 arg1 interactions 689:700 lower dipolar interactions 675:700 lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films 675:784 This phase separation was correlated with lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharide chains and a decrease of ultimate strain and stress of films. 25817666 7 65 theme water 1155:1159 arg1 mobility 1161:1168 the water mobility 1151:1168 the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1151:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 7 66 from mobility 1161:1168 arg1 relation 1173:1180 relation 1173:1180 relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1173:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 1 67 dep microscopy 291:300 arg1 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 1 67 dep microscopy 291:300 arg1 LSCFM 311:315 LSCFM 311:315 LSCFM 311:315 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 5 68 theme weaker 892:897 arg1 interactions 899:910 weaker interactions 892:910 weaker interactions between the polymer chains 892:937 Highly substituted AX and BG composite films exhibited very weak mechanical properties in agreement with weaker interactions between the polymer chains. 25817666 1 69 theme cell 242:245 arg1 walls 247:251 cereal cell walls 235:251 cereal cell walls 235:251 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 3 70 theme phase 514:518 arg1 phenomenon 531:540 A phase separation phenomenon 512:540 A phase separation phenomenon 512:540 A phase separation phenomenon was observed for films made with highly substituted AXs and BGs at a ratio AX/BG of 60/40. 25817666 7 71 theme higher 1189:1194 arg1 area 1213:1216 a higher specific surface area 1187:1216 a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1187:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 25817666 1 72 theme middle 132:137 arg1 level 147:151 high, middle and low level 126:151 high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose 126:180 Composite films made with Arabinoxylans (AXs) (with high, middle and low level of substitution by arabinose) and (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-D-glucans (BGs) extracted from cereal cell walls have been prepared and analyzed using microscopy (SEM and LSCFM), DSC, mechanical tests and TD-NMR spectroscopy. 25817666 7 73 from nanopores 1312:1320 arg1 films 1335:1339 composite films 1325:1339 composite films made within highly substituted AXs 1325:1374 Lower dipolar interactions between polysaccharides favored the water mobility in relation with a higher specific surface area of polysaccharides in films but also higher distances between polysaccharide chains so larger nanopores in composite films made within highly substituted AXs. 27083801 6 0 from effect 1045:1050 arg1 activities 913:922 antioxidant enzyme activities 894:922 antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) 894:1017 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 6 1 theme elegans 1125:1131 arg1 mode 1102:1105 the mode 1098:1105 the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans 1098:1131 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 5 2 theme uronic 677:682 arg1 content 689:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 6 3 theme enzyme 906:911 arg1 activities 913:922 antioxidant enzyme activities 894:922 antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) 894:1017 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 3 4 theme high-performance 401:416 arg1 HPSEC 449:453 HPSEC 449:453 HPSEC 449:453 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 3 4 theme high-performance 401:416 arg1 chromatography 433:446 high-performance size exclusion chromatography 401:446 high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 401:454 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 3 5 theme size 418:421 arg1 HPSEC 449:453 HPSEC 449:453 HPSEC 449:453 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 3 5 theme size 418:421 arg1 chromatography 433:446 high-performance size exclusion chromatography 401:446 high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 401:454 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 5 6 theme average 708:714 arg1 weight 726:731 average molecular weight 708:731 average molecular weight than EAP-1N 708:743 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 2 7 theme gel-filtration 300:313 arg1 chromatography 315:328 gel-filtration chromatography 300:328 gel-filtration chromatography 300:328 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 5 8 contain had 666:668 arg2 content 689:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 5 8 contain had 666:668 arg1 EAP-2A 659:664 EAP-2A 659:664 EAP-2A 659:664 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 6 9 theme protein 1078:1084 arg1 carboxyl 1086:1093 protein carboxyl 1078:1093 protein carboxyl 1078:1093 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 5 10 dep weight 726:731 arg1 larger 701:706 larger 701:706 larger 701:706 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 5 11 theme higher 670:675 arg1 content 689:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 0 12 theme antioxidant 4:14 arg1 activities 16:25 The antioxidant activities 0:25 The antioxidant activities 0:25 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 6 13 theme superoxide 935:944 arg1 SOD 958:960 SOD 958:960 SOD 958:960 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 6 13 theme superoxide 935:944 arg1 dismutases 946:955 superoxide dismutases 935:955 superoxide dismutases (SOD) 935:961 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 6 13 theme superoxide 935:944 arg1 GSH-PX 1010:1015 GSH-PX 1010:1015 GSH-PX 1010:1015 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 3 14 dep Fourier 457:463 arg1 transform 465:473 transform 465:473 transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 465:503 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 6 15 from peroxidation 1061:1072 arg1 mode 1102:1105 the mode 1098:1105 the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans 1098:1131 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 3 16 dep transform 465:473 arg1 infrared 475:482 infrared 475:482 transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) 465:503 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 6 17 from carboxyl 1086:1093 arg1 mode 1102:1105 the mode 1098:1105 the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans 1098:1131 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 3 18 theme exclusion 423:431 arg1 HPSEC 449:453 HPSEC 449:453 HPSEC 449:453 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 3 18 theme exclusion 423:431 arg1 chromatography 433:446 high-performance size exclusion chromatography 401:446 high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 401:454 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 1 19 theme Caenorhabditis 109:122 arg1 elegans 124:130 Caenorhabditis elegans 109:130 Caenorhabditis elegans 109:130 on Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 3 20 theme gas 510:512 arg1 GC-MS 548:552 GC-MS 548:552 GC-MS 548:552 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 3 20 theme gas 510:512 arg1 spectrometry 534:545 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 510:545 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 510:553 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 0 21 theme neutral 37:43 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 neutral and acidic polysaccharides 37:70 neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch 37:103 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 6 22 theme glutathione 985:995 arg1 peroxidases 997:1007 glutathione peroxidases 985:1007 glutathione peroxidases 985:1007 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 2 23 theme acidic 174:179 arg1 EAP-2A 197:202 EAP-2A 197:202 EAP-2A 197:202 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 2 23 theme acidic 174:179 arg1 polysaccharide 181:194 an acidic polysaccharide 171:194 an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) 171:203 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 4 24 theme antioxidant 571:581 arg1 activities 583:592 their antioxidant activities 565:592 their antioxidant activities 565:592 Further, their antioxidant activities were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. 27083801 6 25 theme free 829:832 arg1 radical 834:840 free radical 829:840 free radical 829:840 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 0 26 theme acidic 49:54 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 neutral and acidic polysaccharides 37:70 neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch 37:103 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 6 27 dep activities 913:922 arg1 including 925:933 including 925:933 including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX) 925:1016 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 5 28 theme molecular 716:724 arg1 weight 726:731 average molecular weight 708:731 average molecular weight than EAP-1N 708:743 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 3 29 theme composition 379:389 arg1 analysis 391:398 chemical composition analysis 370:398 chemical composition analysis 370:398 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 2 30 theme neutral 135:141 arg1 EAP-1N 159:164 EAP-1N 159:164 EAP-1N 159:164 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 2 30 theme neutral 135:141 arg1 polysaccharide 143:156 A neutral polysaccharide 133:156 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) 133:165 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 6 31 theme antioxidant 894:904 arg1 activities 913:922 antioxidant enzyme activities 894:922 antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) 894:1017 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 5 32 theme acid 684:687 arg1 content 689:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 higher uronic acid content 670:695 Results showed that EAP-2A had higher uronic acid content and larger average molecular weight than EAP-1N. 27083801 2 33 theme anion-exchange 266:279 arg1 chromatography 281:294 DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography 248:294 DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography 248:294 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 0 34 dep effect 27:32 arg1 activities 16:25 The antioxidant activities 0:25 The antioxidant activities 0:25 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 6 35 theme scavenging 799:808 arg1 activities 810:819 scavenging activities 799:819 scavenging activities against free radical 799:840 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 3 36 theme chromatography-mass 514:532 arg1 GC-MS 548:552 GC-MS 548:552 GC-MS 548:552 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 3 36 theme chromatography-mass 514:532 arg1 spectrometry 534:545 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 510:545 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 510:553 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 6 37 theme lipid 1055:1059 arg1 peroxidation 1061:1072 lipid peroxidation 1055:1072 lipid peroxidation 1055:1072 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 2 38 theme cellulose 256:264 arg1 chromatography 281:294 DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography 248:294 DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography 248:294 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 3 39 theme chemical 370:377 arg1 analysis 391:398 chemical composition analysis 370:398 chemical composition analysis 370:398 Their structures were characterized by chemical composition analysis, high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 27083801 0 40 from Franch 98:103 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 neutral and acidic polysaccharides 37:70 neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch 37:103 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 0 40 from Franch 98:103 arg1 effect 27:32 effect 27:32 effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch 27:103 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 2 41 theme DEAE-52 248:254 arg1 chromatography 281:294 DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography 248:294 DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography 248:294 A neutral polysaccharide (EAP-1N) and an acidic polysaccharide (EAP-2A) were purified from Epimedium acuminatum by DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. 27083801 0 42 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 effect 27:32 effect 27:32 effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch 27:103 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 0 43 from effect 27:32 arg1 Franch 98:103 Franch 98:103 Franch 98:103 The antioxidant activities effect of neutral and acidic polysaccharides from Epimedium acuminatum Franch. 27083801 6 44 from effect 884:889 arg1 activities 913:922 antioxidant enzyme activities 894:922 antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) 894:1017 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 27083801 6 45 theme inhibitory 1034:1043 arg1 effect 1045:1050 preferably inhibitory effect 1023:1050 preferably inhibitory effect 1023:1050 Compared with EAP-1N, EAP-2A exhibited significantly scavenging activities against free radical in vitro, as well as strongly stimulating effect on antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), and glutathione peroxidases (GSH-PX)) and preferably inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation and protein carboxyl in the mode of Caenorhabditis elegans. 26879911 2 0 theme RAW264.7 470:477 arg1 macrophages 479:489 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 434:489 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 434:489 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 5 1 theme RAW264.7 1090:1097 arg1 macrophages 1099:1109 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1075:1109 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1075:1109 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 4 2 theme repair 980:985 arg1 models 1000:1005 the preventive and repair experimental models 961:1005 models 1000:1005 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 5 3 theme F1 1159:1160 arg1 treatments 1162:1171 F1 treatments 1159:1171 F1 treatments 1159:1171 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 2 4 theme -stimulated 458:468 arg1 macrophages 479:489 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 434:489 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 434:489 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 5 from horneri 75:81 arg1 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides 44:58 polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri 44:81 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 5 from horneri 75:81 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 5 from horneri 75:81 arg1 effect 34:39 anti-inflammatory effect 16:39 anti-inflammatory effect 16:39 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 7 6 theme preventive 1465:1474 arg1 manner 1487:1492 the preventive and repair manner 1461:1492 the preventive and repair manner 1461:1492 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 0 7 from Composition 0:10 arg1 horneri 75:81 Sargassum horneri 65:81 Sargassum horneri 65:81 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 7 from Composition 0:10 arg1 macrophages 95:105 RAW264.7 macrophages 86:105 RAW264.7 macrophages 86:105 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 4 8 theme secretion 816:824 arg1 levels 826:831 TNF-α secretion levels 810:831 TNF-α secretion levels 810:831 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 7 9 theme present 1321:1327 arg1 study 1329:1333 the present study 1317:1333 the present study 1317:1333 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 4 10 theme RAW264.7 913:920 arg1 cells 922:926 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 898:926 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 898:926 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 5 11 theme cytokines 1045:1053 arg1 ratios 1065:1070 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios 1008:1070 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1008:1109 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 4 12 theme TNF-α 810:814 arg1 levels 826:831 TNF-α secretion levels 810:831 TNF-α secretion levels 810:831 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 2 13 from components 351:360 arg1 activity 256:263 the potential activity 242:263 the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 242:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 13 from components 351:360 arg1 polysaccharide 281:294 the sulfated polysaccharide 268:294 the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 268:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 3 14 theme polysaccharide 526:539 arg1 composition 550:560 polysaccharide chemical composition 526:560 polysaccharide chemical composition 526:560 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 7 15 from effects 1411:1417 arg1 macrophages 1446:1456 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1422:1456 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1422:1456 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 15 from effects 1411:1417 arg1 manner 1487:1492 the preventive and repair manner 1461:1492 the preventive and repair manner 1461:1492 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 5 16 theme secretion 1055:1063 arg1 ratios 1065:1070 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios 1008:1070 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1008:1109 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 4 17 theme F1 881:882 arg1 treatments 884:893 F1 treatments 881:893 F1 treatments 881:893 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 5 18 dep significantly 1116:1128 arg1 P<0.05 1131:1136 P<0.05 1131:1136 P<0.05 1131:1136 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 5 19 from dose 1202:1205 arg1 F1 1190:1191 F1 1190:1191 F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml) 1190:1216 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 5 19 from dose 1202:1205 arg1 200μg/ml 1208:1215 200μg/ml 1208:1215 200μg/ml 1208:1215 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 2 20 from activity 256:263 arg1 horneri 311:317 Sargassum horneri 301:317 Sargassum horneri (SP) 301:322 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 20 from activity 256:263 arg1 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 (F1) 363:377 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 20 from activity 256:263 arg1 components 351:360 two major components 341:360 its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 328:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 20 from activity 256:263 arg1 SP 320:321 SP 320:321 SP 320:321 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 20 from activity 256:263 arg1 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 (F2) 383:397 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 7 21 theme repair 1480:1485 arg1 manner 1487:1492 the preventive and repair manner 1461:1492 the preventive and repair manner 1461:1492 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 0 22 theme RAW264.7 86:93 arg1 macrophages 95:105 RAW264.7 macrophages 86:105 RAW264.7 macrophages 86:105 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 7 23 theme anti-inflammatory 1393:1409 arg1 effects 1411:1417 strong anti-inflammatory effects 1386:1417 strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner 1386:1492 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 24 theme purified 1350:1357 arg1 F1 1370:1371 F1 1370:1371 F1 from SP 1370:1379 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 24 theme purified 1350:1357 arg1 component 1359:1367 purified component 1350:1367 purified component 1350:1367 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 25 from SP 1378:1379 arg1 F1 1370:1371 F1 1370:1371 F1 from SP 1370:1379 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 25 from SP 1378:1379 arg1 component 1359:1367 purified component 1350:1367 purified component 1350:1367 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 1 26 theme Sulfated 108:115 arg1 polysaccharides 117:131 Sulfated polysaccharides 108:131 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae 108:165 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 2 27 theme anti-inflammatory 404:420 arg1 activity 422:429 anti-inflammatory activity 404:429 anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 404:489 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 28 dep components 351:360 arg1 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 (F2) 383:397 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 28 dep components 351:360 arg1 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 (F1) 363:377 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 28 dep components 351:360 arg1 components 351:360 two major components 341:360 its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 328:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 28 dep components 351:360 arg1 F2 395:396 F2 395:396 F2 395:396 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 28 dep components 351:360 arg1 F1 375:376 F1 375:376 F1 375:376 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 1 29 theme biological 207:216 arg1 activities 218:227 biological activities 207:227 biological activities 207:227 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 0 30 theme anti-inflammatory 16:32 arg1 effect 34:39 anti-inflammatory effect 16:39 anti-inflammatory effect 16:39 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 5 31 theme Pro-/anti-inflammatory 1008:1029 arg1 cytokines 1045:1053 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines 1008:1053 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1008:1109 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 3 32 theme composition 550:560 arg1 analysis 514:521 analysis 514:521 analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition 514:560 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 33 from ratios 589:594 arg1 F1 634:635 F1 634:635 F1 634:635 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 33 from ratios 589:594 arg1 SP 627:628 SP 627:628 SP 627:628 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 1 34 theme activities 218:227 arg1 variety 196:202 a variety 194:202 a variety of biological activities 194:227 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 1 34 theme activities 218:227 arg1 activities 218:227 biological activities 207:227 biological activities 207:227 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 0 35 theme polysaccharides 44:58 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 35 theme polysaccharides 44:58 arg1 effect 34:39 anti-inflammatory effect 16:39 anti-inflammatory effect 16:39 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 36 theme major 345:349 arg1 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 (F2) 383:397 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 36 theme major 345:349 arg1 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 (F1) 363:377 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 36 theme major 345:349 arg1 components 351:360 two major components 341:360 its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 328:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 7 37 dep secretion 1519:1527 arg1 levels 1529:1534 levels 1529:1534 levels 1529:1534 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 3 38 contain containing 749:758 arg2 fucose 760:765 fucose 760:765 fucose 760:765 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 38 contain containing 749:758 arg1 F1 707:708 F1 707:708 F1 707:708 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 38 contain containing 749:758 arg1 polysaccharide 734:747 a major sulfated polysaccharide 717:747 a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose 717:765 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 4 39 theme dose-dependent 933:946 arg1 manner 948:953 a dose-dependent manner 931:953 a dose-dependent manner 931:953 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 3 40 theme fucose 617:622 arg1 ratios 589:594 the constituent ratios 573:594 the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 573:635 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 40 theme fucose 617:622 arg1 % 646:646 4.95% 642:646 4.95% 642:646 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 2 41 theme potential 246:254 arg1 activity 256:263 the potential activity 242:263 the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 242:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 42 theme Sargassum 65:73 arg1 horneri 75:81 Sargassum horneri 65:81 Sargassum horneri 65:81 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 6 43 theme iNOS 1244:1247 arg1 activity 1249:1256 iNOS activity 1244:1256 iNOS activity 1244:1256 Moreover, NO release and iNOS activity were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by F1. 26879911 1 44 contain possess 186:192 arg2 activities 218:227 biological activities 207:227 biological activities 207:227 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 1 44 contain possess 186:192 arg1 polysaccharides 117:131 Sulfated polysaccharides 108:131 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae 108:165 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 1 44 contain possess 186:192 arg2 variety 196:202 a variety 194:202 a variety of biological activities 194:227 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 6 45 dep significantly 1263:1275 arg1 P<0.05 1278:1283 P<0.05 1278:1283 P<0.05 1278:1283 Moreover, NO release and iNOS activity were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by F1. 26879911 2 46 from activity 422:429 arg1 macrophages 479:489 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 434:489 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 434:489 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 7 47 theme NO 1540:1541 arg1 release 1543:1549 NO release 1540:1549 NO release 1540:1549 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 5 48 theme LPS-stimulated 1075:1088 arg1 macrophages 1099:1109 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1075:1109 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1075:1109 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 7 49 theme RAW264.7 1437:1444 arg1 macrophages 1446:1456 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1422:1456 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1422:1456 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 3 50 theme constituent 577:587 arg1 ratios 589:594 the constituent ratios 573:594 the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 573:635 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 50 theme constituent 577:587 arg1 % 646:646 4.95% 642:646 4.95% 642:646 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 1 51 theme brown 148:152 arg1 algae 161:165 brown marine algae 148:165 brown marine algae 148:165 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 7 52 theme strong 1386:1391 arg1 effects 1411:1417 strong anti-inflammatory effects 1386:1417 strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner 1386:1492 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 2 53 theme polysaccharide 281:294 arg1 activity 256:263 the potential activity 242:263 the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 242:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 1 54 theme marine 154:159 arg1 algae 161:165 brown marine algae 148:165 brown marine algae 148:165 Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. 26879911 3 55 theme chemical 541:548 arg1 composition 550:560 polysaccharide chemical composition 526:560 polysaccharide chemical composition 526:560 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 56 theme major 719:723 arg1 F1 707:708 F1 707:708 F1 707:708 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 56 theme major 719:723 arg1 polysaccharide 734:747 a major sulfated polysaccharide 717:747 a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose 717:765 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 6 57 theme NO 1229:1230 arg1 release 1232:1238 NO release 1229:1238 NO release 1229:1238 Moreover, NO release and iNOS activity were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by F1. 26879911 2 58 theme sulfated 272:279 arg1 polysaccharide 281:294 the sulfated polysaccharide 268:294 the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 268:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 59 theme isolated 332:339 arg1 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 383:392 fraction-2 (F2) 383:397 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 59 theme isolated 332:339 arg1 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 363:372 fraction-1 (F1) 363:377 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 59 theme isolated 332:339 arg1 components 351:360 two major components 341:360 its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 328:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 3 60 theme sulfated 725:732 arg1 F1 707:708 F1 707:708 F1 707:708 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 60 theme sulfated 725:732 arg1 polysaccharide 734:747 a major sulfated polysaccharide 717:747 a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose 717:765 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 4 61 theme LPS-stimulated 898:911 arg1 cells 922:926 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 898:926 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 898:926 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 7 62 theme LPS-stimulated 1422:1435 arg1 macrophages 1446:1456 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1422:1456 LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages 1422:1456 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 3 63 theme sulfate 599:605 arg1 ester 607:611 sulfate ester 599:611 sulfate ester 599:611 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 5 64 theme high 1197:1200 arg1 dose 1202:1205 high dose 1197:1205 high dose 1197:1205 Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). 26879911 3 65 theme present 499:505 arg1 study 507:511 the present study 495:511 the present study 495:511 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 2 66 from horneri 311:317 arg1 activity 256:263 the potential activity 242:263 the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 242:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 2 66 from horneri 311:317 arg1 polysaccharide 281:294 the sulfated polysaccharide 268:294 the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)) 268:398 We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 7 67 theme TNF-α 1513:1517 arg1 secretion 1519:1527 TNF-α secretion levels and NO release 1513:1549 secretion 1519:1527 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 4 68 dep significantly 838:850 arg1 P<0.05 853:858 P<0.05 853:858 P<0.05 853:858 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 26879911 0 69 from effect 34:39 arg1 horneri 75:81 Sargassum horneri 65:81 Sargassum horneri 65:81 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 0 69 from effect 34:39 arg1 macrophages 95:105 RAW264.7 macrophages 86:105 RAW264.7 macrophages 86:105 Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. 26879911 3 70 theme ester 607:611 arg1 ratios 589:594 the constituent ratios 573:594 the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 573:635 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 3 70 theme ester 607:611 arg1 % 646:646 4.95% 642:646 4.95% 642:646 In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. 26879911 7 71 contain had 1382:1384 arg2 effects 1411:1417 strong anti-inflammatory effects 1386:1417 strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner 1386:1492 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 71 contain had 1382:1384 arg1 F1 1370:1371 F1 1370:1371 F1 from SP 1370:1379 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 7 71 contain had 1382:1384 arg1 component 1359:1367 purified component 1350:1367 purified component 1350:1367 Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release. 26879911 4 72 theme experimental 987:998 arg1 models 1000:1005 the preventive and repair experimental models 961:1005 models 1000:1005 Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. 27474585 8 0 from linkages 1049:1056 arg1 pyrodextrin 1065:1075 the pyrodextrin 1061:1075 the pyrodextrin 1061:1075 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27474585 3 1 theme 2D 421:422 arg1 techniques 424:433 2D techniques 421:433 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC 421:471 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 3 1 theme 2D 421:422 arg1 COSY 445:448 COSY 445:448 COSY 445:448 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 3 1 theme 2D 421:422 arg1 HMBC 468:471 HMBC 468:471 HMBC 468:471 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 3 1 theme 2D 421:422 arg1 TOCSY 451:455 TOCSY 451:455 TOCSY 451:455 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 3 1 theme 2D 421:422 arg1 all 474:476 all 474:476 all 474:476 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 3 1 theme 2D 421:422 arg1 HSQC 458:461 HSQC 458:461 HSQC 458:461 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 6 2 theme units 884:888 arg1 % 869:869 5.2% 866:869 5.2% of repeating units 866:888 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 6 2 theme units 884:888 arg1 units 884:888 repeating units 874:888 repeating units 874:888 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 0 3 from structures 9:18 arg1 pyrodextrin 23:33 pyrodextrin 23:33 pyrodextrin 23:33 Chemical structures in pyrodextrin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 27474585 3 4 theme techniques 424:433 arg1 assistance 407:416 the assistance 403:416 the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument 403:508 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 6 5 theme repeating 874:882 arg1 units 884:888 repeating units 874:888 repeating units 874:888 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 5 6 theme resulting 633:641 arg1 pyrodextrin 643:653 The resulting pyrodextrin 629:653 The resulting pyrodextrin 629:653 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 3 7 dep H 338:338 arg1 1 336:336 1 336:336 1 336:336 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 4 8 theme glycosidic 608:617 arg1 linkages 619:626 new glycosidic linkages 604:626 new glycosidic linkages 604:626 During dextrinization, native waxy maize starch was hydrolyzed and extensively branched with new glycosidic linkages. 27474585 6 9 theme reducing 935:942 arg1 end 944:946 the potential reducing end 921:946 the potential reducing end 921:946 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 5 10 theme lower 697:701 arg1 solutions 713:721 lower viscosity solutions 697:721 lower viscosity solutions 697:721 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 1 11 theme Glycosidic 90:99 arg1 linkages 101:108 Glycosidic linkages 90:108 Glycosidic linkages in a pyrodextrin 90:125 Glycosidic linkages in a pyrodextrin were identified by NMR spectroscopy for the first time. 27474585 4 12 theme maize 546:550 arg1 starch 552:557 native waxy maize starch 534:557 native waxy maize starch 534:557 During dextrinization, native waxy maize starch was hydrolyzed and extensively branched with new glycosidic linkages. 27474585 5 13 theme viscosity 703:711 arg1 solutions 713:721 lower viscosity solutions 697:721 lower viscosity solutions 697:721 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 6 14 theme reducing 759:766 arg1 α-form 774:779 α-form 774:779 α-form 774:779 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 6 14 theme reducing 759:766 arg1 ends 768:771 reducing ends 759:771 reducing ends (α-form) 759:780 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 7 15 theme New 949:951 arg1 linkages 962:969 New glycosyl linkages 949:969 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 949:1010 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 15 theme New 949:951 arg1 α-1,2 995:999 α-1,2 995:999 α-1,2 995:999 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 15 theme New 949:951 arg1 β-1,2 1006:1010 β-1,2 1006:1010 β-1,2 1006:1010 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 15 theme New 949:951 arg1 β-1,6 988:992 β-1,6 988:992 β-1,6 988:992 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 15 theme New 949:951 arg1 α-1,6 981:985 α-1,6 981:985 α-1,6 981:985 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 3 16 theme C 348:348 arg1 resonances 354:363 (13)C NMR resonances 344:363 (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin 344:382 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 0 17 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 structures 9:18 Chemical structures 0:18 Chemical structures in pyrodextrin 0:33 Chemical structures in pyrodextrin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 27474585 7 18 theme glycosyl 953:960 arg1 linkages 962:969 New glycosyl linkages 949:969 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 949:1010 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 18 theme glycosyl 953:960 arg1 α-1,2 995:999 α-1,2 995:999 α-1,2 995:999 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 18 theme glycosyl 953:960 arg1 β-1,2 1006:1010 β-1,2 1006:1010 β-1,2 1006:1010 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 18 theme glycosyl 953:960 arg1 β-1,6 988:992 β-1,6 988:992 β-1,6 988:992 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 7 18 theme glycosyl 953:960 arg1 α-1,6 981:985 α-1,6 981:985 α-1,6 981:985 New glycosyl linkages including α-1,6, β-1,6, α-1,2, and β-1,2 were identified. 27474585 2 19 theme moisture 287:294 arg1 content 296:302 40°C to 10-15% moisture content 272:302 40°C to 10-15% moisture content 272:302 Pyrodextrin was prepared by slurrying waxy maize starch at pH 3, filtering and drying at 40°C to 10-15% moisture content, then heating at 170°C for 4h. 27474585 3 20 theme NMR 350:352 arg1 resonances 354:363 (13)C NMR resonances 344:363 (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin 344:382 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 5 21 theme % 728:728 arg1 solids 730:735 30% solids 726:735 30% solids 726:735 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 5 22 theme 30 726:727 arg1 % 728:728 % 728:728 % 728:728 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 1 23 theme first 171:175 arg1 time 177:180 the first time 167:180 the first time 167:180 Glycosidic linkages in a pyrodextrin were identified by NMR spectroscopy for the first time. 27474585 4 24 theme new 604:606 arg1 linkages 619:626 new glycosidic linkages 604:626 new glycosidic linkages 604:626 During dextrinization, native waxy maize starch was hydrolyzed and extensively branched with new glycosidic linkages. 27474585 6 25 theme potential 925:933 arg1 end 944:946 the potential reducing end 921:946 the potential reducing end 921:946 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 4 26 theme waxy 541:544 arg1 starch 552:557 native waxy maize starch 534:557 native waxy maize starch 534:557 During dextrinization, native waxy maize starch was hydrolyzed and extensively branched with new glycosidic linkages. 27474585 6 27 theme 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl 815:844 arg1 units 846:850 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units 815:850 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units 815:850 There were only 1.2% reducing ends (α-form) detected in the pyrodextrin, but 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranosyl units accounted for 5.2% of repeating units and they were thought to be at the potential reducing end. 27474585 3 28 theme pyrodextrin 372:382 arg1 resonances 354:363 (13)C NMR resonances 344:363 (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin 344:382 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 3 28 theme pyrodextrin 372:382 arg1 H 338:338 (1)H 335:338 (1)H 335:338 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 0 29 theme magnetic 57:64 arg1 resonance 66:74 nuclear magnetic resonance 49:74 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 49:87 Chemical structures in pyrodextrin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 27474585 2 30 dep % 285:285 arg1 10-15 280:284 10-15 280:284 10-15 280:284 Pyrodextrin was prepared by slurrying waxy maize starch at pH 3, filtering and drying at 40°C to 10-15% moisture content, then heating at 170°C for 4h. 27474585 0 31 theme nuclear 49:55 arg1 resonance 66:74 nuclear magnetic resonance 49:74 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 49:87 Chemical structures in pyrodextrin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 27474585 5 32 from soluble 667:673 arg1 water 678:682 water 678:682 water 678:682 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 2 33 theme waxy 221:224 arg1 starch 232:237 waxy maize starch 221:237 waxy maize starch 221:237 Pyrodextrin was prepared by slurrying waxy maize starch at pH 3, filtering and drying at 40°C to 10-15% moisture content, then heating at 170°C for 4h. 27474585 2 34 theme maize 226:230 arg1 starch 232:237 waxy maize starch 221:237 waxy maize starch 221:237 Pyrodextrin was prepared by slurrying waxy maize starch at pH 3, filtering and drying at 40°C to 10-15% moisture content, then heating at 170°C for 4h. 27474585 2 35 dep 10-15 280:284 arg1 to 277:278 to 277:278 to 277:278 Pyrodextrin was prepared by slurrying waxy maize starch at pH 3, filtering and drying at 40°C to 10-15% moisture content, then heating at 170°C for 4h. 27474585 9 36 theme resulting 1242:1250 arg1 pyrodextrin 1252:1262 the resulting pyrodextrin 1238:1262 the resulting pyrodextrin 1238:1262 Transglycosidation and depolymerization occurred during dextrinization, and the resulting pyrodextrin was highly branched. 27474585 2 37 dep content 296:302 arg1 % 285:285 % 285:285 % 285:285 Pyrodextrin was prepared by slurrying waxy maize starch at pH 3, filtering and drying at 40°C to 10-15% moisture content, then heating at 170°C for 4h. 27474585 8 38 theme total 1033:1037 arg1 linkages 1049:1056 The total non-α-1,4 linkages 1029:1056 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin 1029:1075 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27474585 8 38 theme total 1033:1037 arg1 % 1092:1092 17.8% 1088:1092 17.8% 1088:1092 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27474585 1 39 theme NMR 146:148 arg1 spectroscopy 150:161 NMR spectroscopy 146:161 NMR spectroscopy 146:161 Glycosidic linkages in a pyrodextrin were identified by NMR spectroscopy for the first time. 27474585 1 40 from linkages 101:108 arg1 pyrodextrin 115:125 a pyrodextrin 113:125 a pyrodextrin 113:125 Glycosidic linkages in a pyrodextrin were identified by NMR spectroscopy for the first time. 27474585 8 41 theme α-amylase 1141:1149 arg1 digestion 1151:1159 α-amylase digestion 1141:1159 α-amylase digestion 1141:1159 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27474585 4 42 theme native 534:539 arg1 starch 552:557 native waxy maize starch 534:557 native waxy maize starch 534:557 During dextrinization, native waxy maize starch was hydrolyzed and extensively branched with new glycosidic linkages. 27474585 3 43 theme 500MHz 492:497 arg1 instrument 499:508 a 500MHz instrument 490:508 a 500MHz instrument 490:508 (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of the pyrodextrin were assigned with the assistance of 2D techniques including COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC, all measured on a 500MHz instrument. 27474585 0 44 theme resonance 66:74 arg1 spectroscopy 76:87 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 49:87 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 49:87 Chemical structures in pyrodextrin determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 27474585 5 45 from water 678:682 arg1 soluble 667:673 soluble 667:673 soluble 667:673 The resulting pyrodextrin became 100% soluble in water and produced lower viscosity solutions at 30% solids. 27474585 8 46 from % 1109:1109 arg1 maltodextrin 1116:1127 a maltodextrin 1114:1127 a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion 1114:1159 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27474585 8 47 theme non-α-1,4 1039:1047 arg1 linkages 1049:1056 The total non-α-1,4 linkages 1029:1056 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin 1029:1075 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27474585 8 47 theme non-α-1,4 1039:1047 arg1 % 1092:1092 17.8% 1088:1092 17.8% 1088:1092 The total non-α-1,4 linkages in the pyrodextrin were about 17.8% compared to 5.8% in a maltodextrin prepared by α-amylase digestion. 27023496 7 0 theme functional 953:962 arg1 GMP-1 974:978 GMP-1 974:978 GMP-1 974:978 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 7 0 theme functional 953:962 arg1 groups 964:969 the major functional groups 943:969 the major functional groups of GMP-1 943:978 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 3 1 theme extraction 442:451 arg1 time 453:456 extraction time 442:456 extraction time of 4.06 h 442:466 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 0 2 theme Gynura 93:98 arg1 medica 100:105 Gynura medica 93:105 Gynura medica 93:105 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 6 3 theme molecular 792:800 arg1 weight 802:807 a molecular weight 790:807 a molecular weight of 401 kDa 790:818 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 3 4 theme time 453:456 arg1 conditions 391:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 4 theme time 453:456 arg1 temperature 418:428 extraction temperature 407:428 extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g 407:514 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 9 5 from use 1205:1207 arg1 medicines 1232:1240 medicines 1232:1240 medicines 1232:1240 The results indicated that GMPs and GMP-1 show potential for use in functional foods or medicines. 27023496 9 5 from use 1205:1207 arg1 foods 1223:1227 functional foods 1212:1227 functional foods 1212:1227 The results indicated that GMPs and GMP-1 show potential for use in functional foods or medicines. 27023496 7 6 used used 922:925 arg2 spectroscopy 905:916 Infrared spectroscopy 896:916 Infrared spectroscopy 896:916 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 3 7 theme ratio 472:476 arg1 conditions 391:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 7 theme ratio 472:476 arg1 temperature 418:428 extraction temperature 407:428 extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g 407:514 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 2 8 used used 376:379 arg2 ratio 310:314 ratio 310:314 ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃) 310:369 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 8 used used 376:379 arg2 design 239:244 A central composition design 217:244 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁) 217:307 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 7 9 theme major 947:951 arg1 GMP-1 974:978 GMP-1 974:978 GMP-1 974:978 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 7 9 theme major 947:951 arg1 groups 964:969 the major functional groups 943:969 the major functional groups of GMP-1 943:978 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 4 10 theme polysaccharides 613:627 arg1 yield 629:633 the predicted polysaccharides yield 599:633 the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66% 599:642 Under the optimized conditions, the yield of GMPs was 5.56%, which was similar to the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66%. 27023496 3 11 theme °C 438:439 arg1 conditions 391:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 11 theme °C 438:439 arg1 temperature 418:428 extraction temperature 407:428 extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g 407:514 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 2 12 theme extraction 281:290 arg1 temperature 292:302 extraction temperature 281:302 extraction temperature (X₁) 281:307 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 12 theme extraction 281:290 arg1 parameters 262:271 three parameters 256:271 three parameters 256:271 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 12 theme extraction 281:290 arg1 X₁ 305:306 X₁ 305:306 X₁ 305:306 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 13 theme extraction 350:359 arg1 time 361:364 extraction time 350:364 extraction time (X₃) 350:369 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 13 theme extraction 350:359 arg1 X₃ 367:368 X₃ 367:368 X₃ 367:368 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 5 14 theme gel 744:746 arg1 chromatography 748:761 Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography 729:761 Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography 729:761 A fraction named GMP-1 was obtained after isolation and purification by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, respectively. 27023496 8 15 theme antioxidant 1048:1058 arg1 activities 1089:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1044:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 1044:1116 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 were determined in vitro. 27023496 1 16 from medica 150:155 arg1 Extraction 108:117 Extraction 108:117 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) 108:162 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 1 16 from medica 150:155 arg1 polysaccharides 122:136 polysaccharides 122:136 polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) 122:162 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 1 17 theme response 181:188 arg1 RSM 211:213 RSM 211:213 RSM 211:213 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 1 17 theme response 181:188 arg1 methodology 198:208 response surface methodology 181:208 response surface methodology (RSM) 181:214 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 4 18 theme GMPs 562:565 arg1 yield 553:557 the yield 549:557 the yield of GMPs 549:565 Under the optimized conditions, the yield of GMPs was 5.56%, which was similar to the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66%. 27023496 4 18 theme GMPs 562:565 arg1 % 575:575 5.56% 571:575 5.56% 571:575 Under the optimized conditions, the yield of GMPs was 5.56%, which was similar to the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66%. 27023496 3 19 theme raw 490:492 arg1 material 494:501 raw material 490:501 raw material 490:501 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 1 20 theme surface 190:196 arg1 RSM 211:213 RSM 211:213 RSM 211:213 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 1 20 theme surface 190:196 arg1 methodology 198:208 response surface methodology 181:208 response surface methodology (RSM) 181:214 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 8 21 theme inhibitory 1078:1087 arg1 activities 1089:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1044:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 1044:1116 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 were determined in vitro. 27023496 6 22 theme galacturonic 841:852 arg1 glucose 881:887 glucose 881:887 glucose (Glu) 881:893 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 6 22 theme galacturonic 841:852 arg1 GalA 860:863 GalA 860:863 GalA 860:863 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 6 22 theme galacturonic 841:852 arg1 xylose 867:872 xylose 867:872 xylose (Xyl) 867:878 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 6 22 theme galacturonic 841:852 arg1 acid 854:857 galacturonic acid 841:857 galacturonic acid (GalA) 841:864 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 7 23 theme Infrared 896:903 arg1 spectroscopy 905:916 Infrared spectroscopy 896:916 Infrared spectroscopy 896:916 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 3 24 theme water 481:485 arg1 °C 438:439 91.7 °C 433:439 91.7 °C 433:439 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 24 theme water 481:485 arg1 time 453:456 extraction time 442:456 extraction time of 4.06 h 442:466 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 24 theme water 481:485 arg1 ratio 472:476 ratio 472:476 ratio of water 472:485 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 25 theme extraction 407:416 arg1 conditions 391:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 25 theme extraction 407:416 arg1 temperature 418:428 extraction temperature 407:428 extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g 407:514 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 26 theme h 466:466 arg1 °C 438:439 91.7 °C 433:439 91.7 °C 433:439 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 26 theme h 466:466 arg1 time 453:456 extraction time 442:456 extraction time of 4.06 h 442:466 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 26 theme h 466:466 arg1 ratio 472:476 ratio 472:476 ratio of water 472:485 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 0 27 from medica 100:105 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 0 27 from medica 100:105 arg1 Purification 25:36 Purification 25:36 Purification 25:36 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 0 27 from medica 100:105 arg1 Properties 58:67 Physicochemical Properties 42:67 Physicochemical Properties 42:67 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 1 28 theme polysaccharides 122:136 arg1 Extraction 108:117 Extraction 108:117 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) 108:162 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 8 29 theme GMPs 1103:1106 arg1 activities 1089:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1044:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 1044:1116 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 were determined in vitro. 27023496 0 30 theme Physicochemical 42:56 arg1 Properties 58:67 Physicochemical Properties 42:67 Physicochemical Properties 42:67 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 3 31 theme mL/g 511:514 arg1 conditions 391:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 31 theme mL/g 511:514 arg1 temperature 418:428 extraction temperature 407:428 extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g 407:514 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 5 32 theme Sephadex 729:736 arg1 chromatography 748:761 Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography 729:761 Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography 729:761 A fraction named GMP-1 was obtained after isolation and purification by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, respectively. 27023496 8 33 theme α-glucosidase 1064:1076 arg1 activities 1089:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1044:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 1044:1116 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 were determined in vitro. 27023496 2 34 theme composition 227:237 arg1 design 239:244 A central composition design 217:244 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁) 217:307 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 34 theme composition 227:237 arg1 ratio 310:314 ratio 310:314 ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃) 310:369 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 5 35 theme G-100 738:742 arg1 chromatography 748:761 Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography 729:761 Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography 729:761 A fraction named GMP-1 was obtained after isolation and purification by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography, respectively. 27023496 7 36 theme acidic 1021:1026 arg1 polysaccharide 1028:1041 an acidic polysaccharide 1018:1041 an acidic polysaccharide 1018:1041 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 7 36 theme acidic 1021:1026 arg1 it 1011:1012 it 1011:1012 it 1011:1012 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 2 37 theme central 219:225 arg1 design 239:244 A central composition design 217:244 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁) 217:307 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 37 theme central 219:225 arg1 ratio 310:314 ratio 310:314 ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃) 310:369 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 38 theme raw 328:330 arg1 X₂ 342:343 X₂ 342:343 X₂ 342:343 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 38 theme raw 328:330 arg1 material 332:339 raw material 328:339 raw material (X₂) 328:344 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 7 39 theme GMP-1 974:978 arg1 GMP-1 974:978 GMP-1 974:978 GMP-1 974:978 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 7 39 theme GMP-1 974:978 arg1 groups 964:969 the major functional groups 943:969 the major functional groups of GMP-1 943:978 Infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the major functional groups of GMP-1 and the results indicated that it was an acidic polysaccharide. 27023496 6 40 theme kDa 816:818 arg1 weight 802:807 a molecular weight 790:807 a molecular weight of 401 kDa 790:818 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 1 41 theme Gynura 143:148 arg1 medica 150:155 Gynura medica 143:155 Gynura medica (GMPs) 143:162 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 1 41 theme Gynura 143:148 arg1 GMPs 158:161 GMPs 158:161 GMPs 158:161 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 2 42 theme water 319:323 arg1 design 239:244 A central composition design 217:244 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁) 217:307 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 2 42 theme water 319:323 arg1 ratio 310:314 ratio 310:314 ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃) 310:369 A central composition design including three parameters, namely extraction temperature (X₁), ratio of water to raw material (X₂) and extraction time (X₃), was used. 27023496 4 43 theme % 642:642 arg1 yield 629:633 the predicted polysaccharides yield 599:633 the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66% 599:642 Under the optimized conditions, the yield of GMPs was 5.56%, which was similar to the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66%. 27023496 9 44 theme functional 1212:1221 arg1 foods 1223:1227 functional foods 1212:1227 functional foods 1212:1227 The results indicated that GMPs and GMP-1 show potential for use in functional foods or medicines. 27023496 4 45 theme predicted 603:611 arg1 yield 629:633 the predicted polysaccharides yield 599:633 the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66% 599:642 Under the optimized conditions, the yield of GMPs was 5.56%, which was similar to the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66%. 27023496 3 46 theme best 386:389 arg1 conditions 391:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions 382:400 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 3 46 theme best 386:389 arg1 temperature 418:428 extraction temperature 407:428 extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g 407:514 The best conditions were extraction temperature of 91.7 °C, extraction time of 4.06 h and ratio of water to raw material of 29.1 mL/g. 27023496 8 47 theme GMP-1 1112:1116 arg1 activities 1089:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1044:1098 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 1044:1116 The antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of GMPs and GMP-1 were determined in vitro. 27023496 6 48 with GMP-1 778:782 arg1 weight 802:807 a molecular weight 790:807 a molecular weight of 401 kDa 790:818 GMP-1, with a molecular weight of 401 kDa, mainly consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glu). 27023496 1 49 from Extraction 108:117 arg1 medica 150:155 Gynura medica 143:155 Gynura medica (GMPs) 143:162 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 1 49 from Extraction 108:117 arg1 GMPs 158:161 GMPs 158:161 GMPs 158:161 Extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica (GMPs) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). 27023496 0 50 theme Polysaccharides 72:86 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 0 50 theme Polysaccharides 72:86 arg1 Purification 25:36 Purification 25:36 Purification 25:36 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 0 50 theme Polysaccharides 72:86 arg1 Properties 58:67 Physicochemical Properties 42:67 Physicochemical Properties 42:67 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 0 51 dep Extraction 0:9 arg1 Optimization 11:22 Optimization 11:22 Optimization 11:22 Extraction Optimization, Purification and Physicochemical Properties of Polysaccharides from Gynura medica. 27023496 4 52 theme optimized 527:535 arg1 conditions 537:546 the optimized conditions 523:546 the optimized conditions 523:546 Under the optimized conditions, the yield of GMPs was 5.56%, which was similar to the predicted polysaccharides yield of 5.66%. 27721043 7 0 theme Alginate 1044:1051 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Alginate nanoparticles 1044:1065 Alginate nanoparticles 1044:1065 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 7 0 theme Alginate 1044:1051 arg1 stable 1081:1086 stable 1081:1086 stable 1081:1086 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 5 1 theme suitable 831:838 arg1 formulations 840:851 the most suitable formulations 822:851 the most suitable formulations 822:851 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27721043 3 2 theme oral 526:529 arg1 cavity 531:536 the oral cavity 522:536 the oral cavity 522:536 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 5 3 from concentration 775:787 arg1 nanoparticles 735:747 nanoparticles 735:747 nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration 735:787 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27721043 5 3 from concentration 775:787 arg1 Characteristics 716:730 Characteristics 716:730 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration 716:787 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27721043 9 4 from design 1325:1330 arg1 important 1302:1310 important 1302:1310 important 1302:1310 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 8 5 theme due 1255:1257 arg1 cytotoxicity 1242:1253 possible cytotoxicity 1233:1253 possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc 1233:1281 Alginate nanoparticles and pectin nanoparticles revealed possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc. 27721043 9 6 theme improving 1396:1404 arg1 potential 1386:1394 potential improving 1386:1404 potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment 1386:1488 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 2 7 theme oral 280:283 arg1 cavity 285:290 the oral cavity 276:290 the oral cavity 276:290 The residence time in the oral cavity could be improved by using bioadhesive formulations, such as preparations based on polysaccharides. 27721043 3 8 theme drug 487:490 arg1 systems 501:507 drug delivery systems 487:507 drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity 487:536 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 1 9 theme low 167:169 arg1 time 181:184 a low residence time 165:184 a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity 165:251 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 7 10 from environment 1104:1114 arg1 nanoparticles 1053:1065 Alginate nanoparticles 1044:1065 Alginate nanoparticles 1044:1065 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 7 10 from environment 1104:1114 arg1 stable 1081:1086 stable 1081:1086 stable 1081:1086 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 1 11 theme residence 171:179 arg1 time 181:184 a low residence time 165:184 a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity 165:251 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 7 12 theme salivary 1095:1102 arg1 environment 1104:1114 the salivary environment 1091:1114 the salivary environment 1091:1114 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 8 13 theme possible 1233:1240 arg1 cytotoxicity 1242:1253 possible cytotoxicity 1233:1253 possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc 1233:1281 Alginate nanoparticles and pectin nanoparticles revealed possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc. 27721043 9 14 theme biocompatibility 1413:1428 arg1 potential 1386:1394 potential improving 1386:1404 potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment 1386:1488 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 6 15 theme saliva 1036:1041 arg1 pH 971:972 pH 971:972 pH 971:972 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 6 15 theme saliva 1036:1041 arg1 strength 981:988 ionic strength 975:988 ionic strength 975:988 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 6 15 theme saliva 1036:1041 arg1 composition 1003:1013 electrolyte composition 991:1013 electrolyte composition 991:1013 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 6 15 theme saliva 1036:1041 arg1 concentration 1019:1031 concentration 1019:1031 concentration 1019:1031 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 3 16 dep formulation 417:427 arg1 the 413:415 the 413:415 the 413:415 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 9 17 theme early 1319:1323 arg1 design 1325:1330 the early design 1315:1330 the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles 1315:1361 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 0 18 theme nanoparticles 36:48 arg1 Formulation 0:10 Formulation 0:10 Formulation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for local administration into the oral cavity. 0:95 Formulation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for local administration into the oral cavity. 27721043 4 19 theme charged 667:673 arg1 crosslinkers 675:686 oppositely charged crosslinkers 656:686 oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc) 656:713 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 4 19 theme charged 667:673 arg1 zinc 709:712 zinc 709:712 zinc 709:712 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 4 19 theme charged 667:673 arg1 tripolyphosphate 689:704 tripolyphosphate 689:704 tripolyphosphate 689:704 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 0 20 theme polysaccharide-based 15:34 arg1 nanoparticles 36:48 polysaccharide-based nanoparticles 15:48 polysaccharide-based nanoparticles 15:48 Formulation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for local administration into the oral cavity. 27721043 9 21 theme investigated 1437:1448 arg1 nanoparticles 1450:1462 the investigated nanoparticles 1433:1462 the investigated nanoparticles 1433:1462 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 5 22 theme increasing 752:761 arg1 concentration 775:787 increasing crosslinker concentration 752:787 increasing crosslinker concentration 752:787 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27721043 1 23 theme treatments 113:122 arg1 efficacy 101:108 The efficacy 97:108 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments 97:140 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 2 24 from time 268:271 arg1 cavity 285:290 the oral cavity 276:290 the oral cavity 276:290 The residence time in the oral cavity could be improved by using bioadhesive formulations, such as preparations based on polysaccharides. 27721043 1 25 theme conventional 193:204 arg1 formulations 221:232 the conventional pharmaceutical formulations 189:232 the conventional pharmaceutical formulations 189:232 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 0 26 theme local 54:58 arg1 administration 60:73 local administration 54:73 local administration into the oral cavity 54:94 Formulation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for local administration into the oral cavity. 27721043 9 27 theme nanoparticles 1450:1462 arg1 biocompatibility 1413:1428 the biocompatibility 1409:1428 the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment 1409:1488 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 5 28 theme crosslinker 763:773 arg1 concentration 775:787 increasing crosslinker concentration 752:787 increasing crosslinker concentration 752:787 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27721043 3 29 theme polysaccharide-based 451:470 arg1 nanosystems 472:482 polysaccharide-based nanosystems 451:482 polysaccharide-based nanosystems 451:482 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 1 30 theme pharmaceutical 206:219 arg1 formulations 221:232 the conventional pharmaceutical formulations 189:232 the conventional pharmaceutical formulations 189:232 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 7 31 theme chitosan 1123:1130 arg1 cytocompatible 1160:1173 cytocompatible 1160:1173 cytocompatible 1160:1173 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 7 31 theme chitosan 1123:1130 arg1 nanoparticles 1132:1144 chitosan nanoparticles 1123:1144 chitosan nanoparticles 1123:1144 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 4 32 dep crosslinkers 675:686 arg1 crosslinkers 675:686 oppositely charged crosslinkers 656:686 oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc) 656:713 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 4 32 dep crosslinkers 675:686 arg1 zinc 709:712 zinc 709:712 zinc 709:712 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 4 32 dep crosslinkers 675:686 arg1 tripolyphosphate 689:704 tripolyphosphate 689:704 tripolyphosphate 689:704 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 3 33 theme nanosystems 472:482 arg1 evaluation 437:446 the evaluation 433:446 the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems 433:482 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 3 33 theme nanosystems 472:482 arg1 formulation 417:427 formulation 417:427 formulation 417:427 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 9 34 theme oral 1367:1370 arg1 usage 1372:1376 oral usage 1367:1376 oral usage 1367:1376 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 6 35 theme electrolyte 991:1001 arg1 composition 1003:1013 electrolyte composition 991:1013 electrolyte composition 991:1013 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 9 36 from important 1302:1310 arg1 design 1325:1330 the early design 1315:1330 the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles 1315:1361 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 9 37 theme oral 1473:1476 arg1 environment 1478:1488 the oral environment 1469:1488 the oral environment 1469:1488 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 8 38 theme Alginate 1176:1183 arg1 nanoparticles 1185:1197 Alginate nanoparticles 1176:1197 Alginate nanoparticles 1176:1197 Alginate nanoparticles and pectin nanoparticles revealed possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc. 27721043 9 39 theme polymer-based 1335:1347 arg1 nanoparticles 1349:1361 polymer-based nanoparticles 1335:1361 polymer-based nanoparticles 1335:1361 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 7 40 from stable 1081:1086 arg1 environment 1104:1114 the salivary environment 1091:1114 the salivary environment 1091:1114 Alginate nanoparticles were the most stable in the salivary environment, while chitosan nanoparticles were the most cytocompatible. 27721043 1 41 theme oral 128:131 arg1 ailments 133:140 oral ailments 128:140 oral ailments 128:140 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 8 42 theme pectin 1203:1208 arg1 nanoparticles 1210:1222 pectin nanoparticles 1203:1222 pectin nanoparticles 1203:1222 Alginate nanoparticles and pectin nanoparticles revealed possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc. 27721043 9 43 theme nanoparticles 1349:1361 arg1 design 1325:1330 the early design 1315:1330 the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles 1315:1361 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 2 44 theme bioadhesive 319:329 arg1 formulations 331:342 bioadhesive formulations 319:342 bioadhesive formulations 319:342 The residence time in the oral cavity could be improved by using bioadhesive formulations, such as preparations based on polysaccharides. 27721043 2 44 theme bioadhesive 319:329 arg1 preparations 353:364 preparations 353:364 preparations based on polysaccharides 353:389 The residence time in the oral cavity could be improved by using bioadhesive formulations, such as preparations based on polysaccharides. 27721043 9 45 with biocompatibility 1413:1428 arg1 environment 1478:1488 the oral environment 1469:1488 the oral environment 1469:1488 This knowledge is important in the early design of polymer-based nanoparticles for oral usage and for potential improving of the biocompatibility of the investigated nanoparticles with the oral environment. 27721043 4 46 theme ionotropic 630:639 arg1 gelation 641:648 ionotropic gelation 630:648 ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc) 630:713 Nanoparticles based on chitosan, alginate or pectin were prepared through self-assembly by ionotropic gelation using oppositely charged crosslinkers (tripolyphosphate or zinc). 27721043 5 47 theme nanoparticles 735:747 arg1 Characteristics 716:730 Characteristics 716:730 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration 716:787 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27721043 6 48 theme buccal 909:914 arg1 cells 916:920 buccal cells 909:920 buccal cells (TR146) 909:928 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 6 48 theme buccal 909:914 arg1 TR146 923:927 TR146 923:927 TR146 923:927 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 2 49 theme residence 258:266 arg1 time 268:271 The residence time 254:271 The residence time in the oral cavity 254:290 The residence time in the oral cavity could be improved by using bioadhesive formulations, such as preparations based on polysaccharides. 27721043 1 50 from time 181:184 arg1 cavity 246:251 the oral cavity 237:251 the oral cavity 237:251 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 3 51 theme delivery 492:499 arg1 systems 501:507 drug delivery systems 487:507 drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity 487:536 This study describes the formulation and the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanosystems as drug delivery systems addressed to the oral cavity. 27721043 0 52 theme oral 84:87 arg1 cavity 89:94 the oral cavity 80:94 the oral cavity 80:94 Formulation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for local administration into the oral cavity. 27721043 1 53 theme formulations 221:232 arg1 time 181:184 a low residence time 165:184 a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity 165:251 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 1 54 theme oral 241:244 arg1 cavity 246:251 the oral cavity 237:251 the oral cavity 237:251 The efficacy of treatments for oral ailments is often challenged by a low residence time of the conventional pharmaceutical formulations in the oral cavity. 27721043 6 55 theme ionic 975:979 arg1 strength 981:988 ionic strength 975:988 ionic strength 975:988 The nanoparticles were tested for cytotoxicity against buccal cells (TR146) and for stability in a medium simulating pH, ionic strength, electrolyte composition and concentration of saliva. 27721043 8 56 theme zinc 1278:1281 arg1 presence 1266:1273 the presence 1262:1273 the presence of zinc 1262:1281 Alginate nanoparticles and pectin nanoparticles revealed possible cytotoxicity due to the presence of zinc. 27721043 5 57 from Characteristics 716:730 arg1 concentration 775:787 increasing crosslinker concentration 752:787 increasing crosslinker concentration 752:787 Characteristics of nanoparticles at increasing crosslinker concentration provided the basis for selecting the most suitable formulations. 27342764 2 0 theme yogurt 523:528 arg1 quality 530:536 yogurt quality 523:536 yogurt quality 523:536 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 10 1 theme different 1461:1469 arg1 some 1508:1511 some 1508:1511 some 1508:1511 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 1 theme different 1461:1469 arg1 varieties 1471:1479 different varieties 1461:1479 different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt 1461:1505 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 1 theme different 1461:1469 arg1 yogurt 1500:1505 reduced-lactose yogurt 1484:1505 reduced-lactose yogurt 1484:1505 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 1 theme different 1461:1469 arg1 them 1516:1519 them 1516:1519 them 1516:1519 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 4 2 theme physicochemical 720:734 arg1 parameters 736:745 physicochemical parameters 720:745 physicochemical parameters 720:745 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 10 3 theme reduced-lactose 1484:1498 arg1 yogurt 1500:1505 reduced-lactose yogurt 1484:1505 reduced-lactose yogurt 1484:1505 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 4 theme similar 1649:1655 arg1 characteristics 1657:1671 similar characteristics 1649:1671 similar characteristics to traditional products 1649:1695 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 6 5 theme lower 951:955 arg1 acidity 957:963 lower acidity 951:963 lower acidity 951:963 Overall, the hydrolyzed products had lower acidity than traditional ones. 27342764 1 6 theme reduced-lactose 179:193 arg1 yogurt 195:200 reduced-lactose yogurt 179:200 reduced-lactose yogurt 179:200 BACKGROUND Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. 27342764 8 7 theme yogurt 1182:1187 arg1 variety 1189:1195 yogurt variety 1182:1195 yogurt variety 1182:1195 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 0 8 from Influence 0:8 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 35:58 galacto-oligosaccharides 35:58 galacto-oligosaccharides 35:58 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 2 9 theme galacto-oligosaccharides 390:413 arg1 production 366:375 the production 362:375 the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 362:419 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 7 10 theme similar 1006:1012 arg1 levels 1014:1019 similar levels 1006:1019 similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1006:1047 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 3 11 theme yogurt 590:595 arg1 composition 604:614 the yogurt matrix composition 586:614 the yogurt matrix composition 586:614 The extension of these changes is dependent on the yogurt matrix composition. 27342764 0 12 theme physicochemical 91:105 arg1 parameters 107:116 physicochemical parameters 91:116 physicochemical parameters 91:116 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 12 theme physicochemical 91:105 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides 0:58 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 10 13 with calories 1585:1592 arg1 characteristics 1657:1671 similar characteristics 1649:1671 similar characteristics to traditional products 1649:1695 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 14 dep CONCLUSION 1404:1413 arg1 shows 1425:1429 shows 1425:1429 shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products 1425:1695 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 4 15 theme different 750:758 arg1 varieties 767:775 different yogurt varieties 750:775 different yogurt varieties 750:775 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 0 16 theme different 121:129 arg1 varieties 138:146 different yogurt varieties 121:146 different yogurt varieties 121:146 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 6 17 theme hydrolyzed 927:936 arg1 products 938:945 the hydrolyzed products 923:945 the hydrolyzed products 923:945 Overall, the hydrolyzed products had lower acidity than traditional ones. 27342764 9 18 from pronounced 1350:1359 arg1 yogurts 1395:1401 traditional yogurts 1383:1401 traditional yogurts 1383:1401 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 9 18 from pronounced 1350:1359 arg1 hydrolyzed 1364:1373 hydrolyzed 1364:1373 hydrolyzed 1364:1373 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 2 19 theme lactose 309:315 arg1 breakdown 296:304 The breakdown 292:304 The breakdown of lactose 292:315 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 1 20 theme yogurt 195:200 arg1 types 170:174 BACKGROUND Different types 149:174 BACKGROUND Different types 149:174 BACKGROUND Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. 27342764 10 21 theme reduced 1564:1570 arg1 fat 1572:1574 reduced fat 1564:1574 reduced fat 1564:1574 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 21 theme reduced 1564:1570 arg1 calories 1585:1592 reduced calories 1577:1592 reduced calories 1577:1592 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 9 22 theme acid 1326:1329 arg1 compounds 1331:1339 acid compounds 1326:1339 acid compounds 1326:1339 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 10 23 dep calories 1585:1592 arg1 added 1595:1599 added 1595:1599 added with probiotic/inulin 1595:1621 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 23 dep calories 1585:1592 arg1 enriched 1627:1634 enriched 1627:1634 enriched in GOS 1627:1641 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 24 theme yogurt 1500:1505 arg1 some 1508:1511 some 1508:1511 some 1508:1511 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 24 theme yogurt 1500:1505 arg1 varieties 1471:1479 different varieties 1461:1479 different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt 1461:1505 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 24 theme yogurt 1500:1505 arg1 yogurt 1500:1505 reduced-lactose yogurt 1484:1505 reduced-lactose yogurt 1484:1505 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 24 theme yogurt 1500:1505 arg1 them 1516:1519 them 1516:1519 them 1516:1519 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 7 25 theme hydrolyzed 1030:1039 arg1 yogurts 1041:1047 fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1024:1047 fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1024:1047 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 5 26 theme cultures 904:911 arg1 composition 873:883 the global composition 862:883 the global composition 862:883 RESULTS The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. 27342764 5 26 theme cultures 904:911 arg1 survival 892:899 the survival 888:899 the survival of cultures 888:911 RESULTS The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. 27342764 2 27 theme probiotic 482:490 arg1 cultures 492:499 starter and probiotic cultures 470:499 starter and probiotic cultures 470:499 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 4 28 from influence 650:658 arg1 GOS 685:687 GOS 685:687 GOS 685:687 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 28 from influence 650:658 arg1 lactose 690:696 lactose 690:696 lactose 690:696 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 28 from influence 650:658 arg1 profile 708:714 volatile profile 699:714 volatile profile 699:714 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 28 from influence 650:658 arg1 parameters 736:745 physicochemical parameters 720:745 physicochemical parameters 720:745 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 3 29 theme matrix 597:602 arg1 composition 604:614 the yogurt matrix composition 586:614 the yogurt matrix composition 586:614 The extension of these changes is dependent on the yogurt matrix composition. 27342764 3 30 theme changes 562:568 arg1 dependent 573:581 dependent 573:581 dependent 573:581 The extension of these changes is dependent on the yogurt matrix composition. 27342764 3 30 theme changes 562:568 arg1 extension 543:551 The extension 539:551 The extension of these changes 539:568 The extension of these changes is dependent on the yogurt matrix composition. 27342764 6 31 contain had 947:949 arg1 products 938:945 the hydrolyzed products 923:945 the hydrolyzed products 923:945 Overall, the hydrolyzed products had lower acidity than traditional ones. 27342764 6 31 contain had 947:949 arg2 acidity 957:963 lower acidity 951:963 lower acidity 951:963 Overall, the hydrolyzed products had lower acidity than traditional ones. 27342764 4 32 theme varieties 767:775 arg1 lactose 690:696 lactose 690:696 lactose 690:696 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 32 theme varieties 767:775 arg1 parameters 736:745 physicochemical parameters 720:745 physicochemical parameters 720:745 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 32 theme varieties 767:775 arg1 GOS 685:687 GOS 685:687 GOS 685:687 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 32 theme varieties 767:775 arg1 profile 708:714 volatile profile 699:714 volatile profile 699:714 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 2 33 theme starter 470:476 arg1 cultures 492:499 starter and probiotic cultures 470:499 starter and probiotic cultures 470:499 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 0 34 theme varieties 138:146 arg1 profile 79:85 volatile profile 70:85 volatile profile 70:85 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 34 theme varieties 138:146 arg1 parameters 107:116 physicochemical parameters 91:116 physicochemical parameters 91:116 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 34 theme varieties 138:146 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides 0:58 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 9 35 theme traditional 1383:1393 arg1 yogurts 1395:1401 traditional yogurts 1383:1401 traditional yogurts 1383:1401 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 1 36 theme lactose 215:221 arg1 hydrolysis 223:232 lactose hydrolysis 215:232 lactose hydrolysis 215:232 BACKGROUND Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. 27342764 0 37 theme lactose 13:19 arg1 hydrolysis 21:30 lactose hydrolysis 13:30 lactose hydrolysis 13:30 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 38 theme yogurt 131:136 arg1 varieties 138:146 different yogurt varieties 121:146 different yogurt varieties 121:146 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 2 39 theme carbohydrate 330:341 arg1 profile 343:349 the carbohydrate profile 326:349 the carbohydrate profile 326:349 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 7 40 located detected 1095:1102 arg1 yogurts 1073:1079 traditional yogurts 1061:1079 traditional yogurts 1061:1079 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 7 40 located detected 1095:1102 arg2 they 1081:1084 they 1081:1084 they 1081:1084 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 10 41 theme traditional 1676:1686 arg1 products 1688:1695 traditional products 1676:1695 traditional products 1676:1695 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 5 42 theme β-galactosidase 817:831 arg1 enzyme 833:838 β-galactosidase enzyme 817:838 β-galactosidase enzyme 817:838 RESULTS The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. 27342764 5 43 dep RESULTS 793:799 arg1 affect 848:853 affect 848:853 did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures 840:911 RESULTS The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. 27342764 9 44 theme storage 1243:1249 arg1 period 1251:1256 the storage period 1239:1256 the storage period 1239:1256 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 2 45 dep survival 445:452 arg1 the 441:443 the 441:443 the 441:443 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 11 46 theme Chemical 1716:1723 arg1 Industry 1725:1732 Chemical Industry 1716:1732 Chemical Industry 1716:1732 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 27342764 7 47 from levels 1014:1019 arg1 yogurts 1041:1047 fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1024:1047 fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1024:1047 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 5 48 theme enzyme 833:838 arg1 presence 805:812 The presence 801:812 The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme 801:838 RESULTS The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. 27342764 8 49 theme enzyme 1221:1226 arg1 addition 1205:1212 addition 1205:1212 addition of the enzyme 1205:1226 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 0 50 theme hydrolysis 21:30 arg1 profile 79:85 volatile profile 70:85 volatile profile 70:85 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 50 theme hydrolysis 21:30 arg1 parameters 107:116 physicochemical parameters 91:116 physicochemical parameters 91:116 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 50 theme hydrolysis 21:30 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides 0:58 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 50 theme hydrolysis 21:30 arg1 lactose 61:67 lactose 61:67 lactose 61:67 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 1 51 theme β-galactosidase 240:254 arg1 enzyme 256:261 β-galactosidase enzyme 240:261 β-galactosidase enzyme 240:261 BACKGROUND Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. 27342764 7 52 located found 997:1001 arg1 levels 1014:1019 similar levels 1006:1019 similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1006:1047 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 7 52 located found 997:1001 arg2 GOS 988:990 GOS 988:990 GOS 988:990 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 10 53 theme reduced 1577:1583 arg1 fat 1572:1574 reduced fat 1564:1574 reduced fat 1564:1574 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 10 53 theme reduced 1577:1583 arg1 calories 1585:1592 reduced calories 1577:1592 reduced calories 1577:1592 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 9 54 from yogurts 1395:1401 arg1 pronounced 1350:1359 pronounced 1350:1359 pronounced 1350:1359 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 9 54 from yogurts 1395:1401 arg1 increase 1314:1321 the increase 1310:1321 the increase in acid compounds 1310:1339 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 2 55 theme prebiotic 380:388 arg1 GOS 416:418 GOS 416:418 GOS 416:418 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 2 55 theme prebiotic 380:388 arg1 galacto-oligosaccharides 390:413 prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides 380:413 prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) 380:419 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 2 56 theme cultures 492:499 arg1 survival 445:452 survival 445:452 survival 445:452 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 2 56 theme cultures 492:499 arg1 parameters 509:518 the parameters 505:518 the parameters of yogurt quality 505:536 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 2 56 theme cultures 492:499 arg1 activity 458:465 activity 458:465 activity 458:465 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 8 57 theme acids 1132:1136 arg1 proportion 1109:1118 The proportion 1105:1118 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes 1105:1150 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 8 57 theme acids 1132:1136 arg1 dependent 1169:1177 dependent 1169:1177 dependent 1169:1177 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 9 58 from hydrolyzed 1364:1373 arg1 pronounced 1350:1359 pronounced 1350:1359 pronounced 1350:1359 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 9 58 from hydrolyzed 1364:1373 arg1 increase 1314:1321 the increase 1310:1321 the increase in acid compounds 1310:1339 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 6 59 theme traditional 970:980 arg1 ones 982:985 traditional ones 970:985 traditional ones 970:985 Overall, the hydrolyzed products had lower acidity than traditional ones. 27342764 7 60 theme traditional 1061:1071 arg1 yogurts 1073:1079 traditional yogurts 1061:1079 traditional yogurts 1061:1079 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 9 61 theme volatile 1271:1278 arg1 fraction 1280:1287 the volatile fraction 1267:1287 the volatile fraction to different degree 1267:1307 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 9 62 from increase 1314:1321 arg1 compounds 1331:1339 acid compounds 1326:1339 acid compounds 1326:1339 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 4 63 theme yogurt 760:765 arg1 varieties 767:775 different yogurt varieties 750:775 different yogurt varieties 750:775 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 7 64 dep found 997:1001 arg1 whereas 1050:1056 whereas 1050:1056 whereas 1050:1056 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 8 65 theme aldehydes 1142:1150 arg1 proportion 1109:1118 The proportion 1105:1118 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes 1105:1150 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 8 65 theme aldehydes 1142:1150 arg1 dependent 1169:1177 dependent 1169:1177 dependent 1169:1177 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 7 66 theme fresh 1024:1028 arg1 yogurts 1041:1047 fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1024:1047 fresh hydrolyzed yogurts 1024:1047 GOS were found at similar levels in fresh hydrolyzed yogurts, whereas in traditional yogurts they were not detected. 27342764 1 67 theme BACKGROUND 149:158 arg1 types 170:174 BACKGROUND Different types 149:174 BACKGROUND Different types 149:174 BACKGROUND Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. 27342764 0 68 theme volatile 70:77 arg1 profile 79:85 volatile profile 70:85 volatile profile 70:85 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 0 68 theme volatile 70:77 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides 0:58 Influence of lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties. 27342764 4 69 theme hydrolysis 671:680 arg1 influence 650:658 the influence 646:658 the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties 646:775 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 4 70 theme lactose 663:669 arg1 hydrolysis 671:680 lactose hydrolysis 663:680 lactose hydrolysis 663:680 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 1 71 theme Different 160:168 arg1 types 170:174 BACKGROUND Different types 149:174 BACKGROUND Different types 149:174 BACKGROUND Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using β-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. 27342764 10 72 theme additional 1526:1535 arg1 benefits 1537:1544 additional benefits 1526:1544 additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products 1526:1695 CONCLUSION This work shows that it is possible to obtain different varieties of reduced-lactose yogurt, some of them with additional benefits to health such as reduced fat, reduced calories, added with probiotic/inulin and enriched in GOS, with similar characteristics to traditional products. 27342764 2 73 theme quality 530:536 arg1 survival 445:452 survival 445:452 survival 445:452 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 2 73 theme quality 530:536 arg1 parameters 509:518 the parameters 505:518 the parameters of yogurt quality 505:536 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 2 73 theme quality 530:536 arg1 activity 458:465 activity 458:465 activity 458:465 The breakdown of lactose modifies the carbohydrate profile, including the production of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which could affect the survival and activity of starter and probiotic cultures and the parameters of yogurt quality. 27342764 9 74 theme different 1292:1300 arg1 degree 1302:1307 different degree 1292:1307 different degree 1292:1307 Likewise, the storage period affected the volatile fraction to different degree; the increase in acid compounds was more pronounced in hydrolyzed than in traditional yogurts. 27342764 5 75 theme global 866:871 arg1 composition 873:883 the global composition 862:883 the global composition 862:883 RESULTS The presence of β-galactosidase enzyme did not affect either the global composition or the survival of cultures. 27342764 4 76 theme volatile 699:706 arg1 profile 708:714 volatile profile 699:714 volatile profile 699:714 This study aimed to evaluate the influence of lactose hydrolysis on GOS, lactose, volatile profile and physicochemical parameters of different yogurt varieties during storage. 27342764 8 77 theme ketones 1123:1129 arg1 proportion 1109:1118 The proportion 1105:1118 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes 1105:1150 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 27342764 8 77 theme ketones 1123:1129 arg1 dependent 1169:1177 dependent 1169:1177 dependent 1169:1177 The proportion of ketones, acids and aldehydes seems to be more dependent on yogurt variety than on addition of the enzyme. 26572434 5 0 with CNFs 429:432 arg1 diameter 441:448 a diameter 439:448 a diameter of 70-90 nm 439:460 CNFs with a diameter of 70-90 nm were obtained. 26572434 14 1 theme sp 889:890 arg1 properties 864:873 The dynamic-mechanical properties 841:873 The dynamic-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus sp 841:890 The dynamic-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus sp. 26572434 13 2 theme neat 813:816 arg1 resin 818:822 the neat resin 809:822 the neat resin 809:822 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 7 3 theme α-cellulose 503:513 arg1 content 515:521 higher α-cellulose content 496:521 higher α-cellulose content 496:521 has higher α-cellulose content than Pinus sp. 26572434 14 4 theme Eucalyptus 878:887 arg1 sp 889:890 Eucalyptus sp 878:890 Eucalyptus sp 878:890 The dynamic-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus sp. 26572434 11 5 theme chemical 659:666 arg1 composition 668:678 The chemical composition 655:678 The chemical composition of the fibers 655:692 The chemical composition of the fibers was not significantly altered by the grinding process. 26572434 9 6 theme cellulose 571:579 arg1 pulps 581:585 the cellulose pulps 567:585 the cellulose pulps 567:585 The crystallinity of the cellulose pulps decreased after grinding. 26572434 4 7 theme composites 402:411 arg1 properties 384:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 340:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites 340:411 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 9 8 theme pulps 581:585 arg1 crystallinity 550:562 The crystallinity 546:562 The crystallinity of the cellulose pulps 546:585 The crystallinity of the cellulose pulps decreased after grinding. 26572434 11 9 theme fibers 687:692 arg1 composition 668:678 The chemical composition 655:678 The chemical composition of the fibers 655:692 The chemical composition of the fibers was not significantly altered by the grinding process. 26572434 13 10 theme CNF 764:766 arg1 composites 768:777 CNF composites 764:777 CNF composites 764:777 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 2 11 dep hardwood 244:251 arg1 sp 265:266 Eucalyptus sp 254:266 Eucalyptus sp. 254:267 and hardwood (Eucalyptus sp.) 26572434 10 12 theme high 622:625 arg1 values 627:632 high values 622:632 high values 622:632 However, high values were still obtained. 26572434 4 13 theme dynamic-mechanical 344:361 arg1 properties 384:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 340:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites 340:411 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 4 14 theme fiber 290:294 arg1 properties 296:305 The fiber properties 286:305 The fiber properties 286:305 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 13 15 theme wt 829:830 arg1 filler 833:838 1 wt% filler 827:838 1 wt% filler 827:838 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 1 16 theme unsaturated 116:126 arg1 UPR 145:147 UPR 145:147 UPR 145:147 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 16 theme unsaturated 116:126 arg1 resin 138:142 unsaturated polyester resin 116:142 unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) 116:148 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 13 17 theme water 783:787 arg1 absorption 789:798 water absorption 783:798 water absorption close to the neat resin 783:822 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 1 18 theme dry 196:198 arg1 waste 210:214 dry cellulose waste 196:214 dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 196:238 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 0 19 theme Dynamic-mechanical 0:17 arg1 properties 40:49 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 0:49 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose 0:62 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber/polyester resin composites. 26572434 13 20 theme % 831:831 arg1 filler 833:838 1 wt% filler 827:838 1 wt% filler 827:838 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 4 21 theme thermomechanical 367:382 arg1 properties 384:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 340:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites 340:411 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 1 22 theme polyester 128:136 arg1 UPR 145:147 UPR 145:147 UPR 145:147 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 22 theme polyester 128:136 arg1 resin 138:142 unsaturated polyester resin 116:142 unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) 116:148 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 23 theme cellulose 200:208 arg1 waste 210:214 dry cellulose waste 196:214 dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 196:238 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 24 theme resin 138:142 arg1 Composites 102:111 Composites 102:111 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 102:238 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 24 theme resin 138:142 arg1 resin 138:142 unsaturated polyester resin 116:142 unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) 116:148 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 24 theme resin 138:142 arg1 nanofibers 164:173 cellulose nanofibers 154:173 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) 154:180 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 5 25 theme nm 459:460 arg1 diameter 441:448 a diameter 439:448 a diameter of 70-90 nm 439:460 CNFs with a diameter of 70-90 nm were obtained. 26572434 0 26 theme thermomechanical 23:38 arg1 properties 40:49 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 0:49 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose 0:62 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber/polyester resin composites. 26572434 14 27 theme dynamic-mechanical 845:862 arg1 properties 864:873 The dynamic-mechanical properties 841:873 The dynamic-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus sp 841:890 The dynamic-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus sp. 26572434 0 28 theme cellulose 54:62 arg1 properties 40:49 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 0:49 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose 0:62 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber/polyester resin composites. 26572434 6 29 theme Eucalyptus 477:486 arg1 sp 488:489 Eucalyptus sp 477:489 Eucalyptus sp. 477:490 Eucalyptus sp. 26572434 1 30 theme softwood 219:226 arg1 waste 210:214 dry cellulose waste 196:214 dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 196:238 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 31 dep Pinus 229:233 arg1 sp 235:236 sp 235:236 Pinus sp. 229:237 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 13 32 contain had 779:781 arg2 absorption 789:798 water absorption 783:798 water absorption close to the neat resin 783:822 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 13 32 contain had 779:781 arg1 composites 768:777 CNF composites 764:777 CNF composites 764:777 CNF composites had water absorption close to the neat resin at 1 wt% filler. 26572434 0 33 theme resin 84:88 arg1 composites 90:99 resin composites 84:99 resin composites 84:99 Dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber/polyester resin composites. 26572434 12 34 theme Eucalyptus 749:758 arg1 sp 760:761 Eucalyptus sp 749:761 Eucalyptus sp. 749:762 Eucalyptus sp. 26572434 4 35 from influence 315:323 arg1 properties 384:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 340:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites 340:411 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 7 36 theme Pinus 528:532 arg1 sp 534:535 Pinus sp 528:535 Pinus sp 528:535 has higher α-cellulose content than Pinus sp. 26572434 11 37 theme grinding 731:738 arg1 process 740:746 the grinding process 727:746 the grinding process 727:746 The chemical composition of the fibers was not significantly altered by the grinding process. 26572434 7 38 theme higher 496:501 arg1 content 515:521 higher α-cellulose content 496:521 higher α-cellulose content 496:521 has higher α-cellulose content than Pinus sp. 26572434 2 39 theme Eucalyptus 254:263 arg1 sp 265:266 Eucalyptus sp 254:266 Eucalyptus sp. 254:267 and hardwood (Eucalyptus sp.) 26572434 1 40 dep softwood 219:226 arg1 Pinus 229:233 Pinus 229:233 Pinus 229:233 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 4 41 theme CNFs 332:335 arg1 properties 296:305 The fiber properties 286:305 The fiber properties 286:305 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 4 41 theme CNFs 332:335 arg1 influence 315:323 the influence 311:323 the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites 311:411 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 1 42 theme cellulose 154:162 arg1 CNFs 176:179 CNFs 176:179 CNFs 176:179 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 42 theme cellulose 154:162 arg1 nanofibers 164:173 cellulose nanofibers 154:173 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) 154:180 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 43 theme nanofibers 164:173 arg1 Composites 102:111 Composites 102:111 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 102:238 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 43 theme nanofibers 164:173 arg1 resin 138:142 unsaturated polyester resin 116:142 unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) 116:148 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 1 43 theme nanofibers 164:173 arg1 nanofibers 164:173 cellulose nanofibers 154:173 cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) 154:180 Composites of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) obtained from dry cellulose waste of softwood (Pinus sp.) 26572434 4 44 from properties 296:305 arg1 properties 384:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties 340:393 the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites 340:411 The fiber properties and the influence of the CNFs in the dynamic-mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. 26572434 15 45 theme thermal 930:936 arg1 stability 938:946 the thermal stability 926:946 the thermal stability 926:946 CNFs were slightly increased and the thermal stability was improved. 25746623 5 0 dep indicated 615:623 arg1 showed 667:672 showed 667:672 showed 667:672 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 0 1 theme Exopolysaccharides 67:84 arg1 Properties 27:36 Properties 27:36 Properties 27:36 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 0 1 theme Exopolysaccharides 67:84 arg1 Potential 54:62 Antioxidant Potential 42:62 Antioxidant Potential 42:62 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 3 2 from compositions 427:438 arg1 EPSs 443:446 EPSs 443:446 EPSs identified 443:457 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were glucose and mannose. 25746623 5 3 theme different 674:682 arg1 behavior 696:703 different degradation behavior 674:703 different degradation behavior 674:703 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 1 4 theme carbon 160:165 arg1 source 167:172 carbon source 160:172 carbon source 160:172 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 1 5 theme Trametes 254:261 arg1 robiniophila 263:274 Trametes robiniophila 254:274 Trametes robiniophila 254:274 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 0 6 theme Trametes 98:105 arg1 robiniophila 107:118 Trametes robiniophila 98:118 Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes) 98:142 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 0 6 theme Trametes 98:105 arg1 Basidiomycetes 128:141 Higher Basidiomycetes 121:141 Higher Basidiomycetes 121:141 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Properties 27:36 Properties 27:36 Properties 27:36 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 Potential 54:62 Antioxidant Potential 42:62 Antioxidant Potential 42:62 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 5 8 theme degradation 684:694 arg1 behavior 696:703 different degradation behavior 674:703 different degradation behavior 674:703 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 6 9 theme DPPH 912:915 arg1 assay 936:940 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 899:940 assay 936:940 The variation also affects the antioxidant activities investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 25746623 4 10 theme FT-IR 491:495 arg1 analysis 506:513 FT-IR spectral analysis 491:513 FT-IR spectral analysis 491:513 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in the EPSs. 25746623 7 11 theme carbon 964:969 arg1 source 971:976 the best carbon source 955:976 the best carbon source 955:976 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 7 11 theme carbon 964:969 arg1 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 1 12 from effects 149:155 arg1 properties 177:186 properties 177:186 properties 177:186 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 1 12 from effects 149:155 arg1 potential 204:212 antioxidant potential 192:212 antioxidant potential 192:212 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 1 13 theme source 167:172 arg1 effects 149:155 The effects 145:155 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila 145:274 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 5 14 theme larger 757:762 arg1 content 771:777 larger ribose content 757:777 larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS 757:820 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 6 15 theme hydroxyl 899:906 arg1 assay 936:940 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 899:940 assay 936:940 The variation also affects the antioxidant activities investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 25746623 4 16 theme spectral 497:504 arg1 analysis 506:513 FT-IR spectral analysis 491:513 FT-IR spectral analysis 491:513 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in the EPSs. 25746623 5 17 theme carbon 653:658 arg1 source 660:665 the carbon source 649:665 the carbon source 649:665 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 7 18 theme best 959:962 arg1 source 971:976 the best carbon source 955:976 the best carbon source 955:976 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 7 18 theme best 959:962 arg1 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 6 19 theme scavenging 925:934 arg1 assay 936:940 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 899:940 assay 936:940 The variation also affects the antioxidant activities investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 25746623 2 20 theme carbon 382:387 arg1 sources 389:395 five different carbon sources 367:395 five different carbon sources 367:395 The results indicated that the EPS production varied with five different carbon sources. 25746623 0 21 theme Source 17:22 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 0:143 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 5 22 theme other 724:728 arg1 EPSs 735:738 the other four EPSs 720:738 the other four EPSs 720:738 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 5 23 theme monosaccharides 795:809 arg1 monosaccharides 795:809 major monosaccharides 789:809 major monosaccharides in the EPS 789:820 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 5 23 theme monosaccharides 795:809 arg1 one 782:784 one 782:784 one 782:784 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 1 24 theme antioxidant 192:202 arg1 potential 204:212 antioxidant potential 192:212 antioxidant potential 192:212 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 0 25 theme Carbon 10:15 arg1 Source 17:22 Carbon Source 10:22 Carbon Source 10:22 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 0 26 theme Higher 121:126 arg1 robiniophila 107:118 Trametes robiniophila 98:118 Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes) 98:142 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 0 26 theme Higher 121:126 arg1 Basidiomycetes 128:141 Higher Basidiomycetes 121:141 Higher Basidiomycetes 121:141 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 7 27 from viewpoint 987:995 arg1 source 971:976 the best carbon source 955:976 the best carbon source 955:976 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 7 27 from viewpoint 987:995 arg1 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose 943:949 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 5 28 theme major 789:793 arg1 monosaccharides 795:809 major monosaccharides 789:809 major monosaccharides in the EPS 789:820 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 7 29 from content 1055:1061 arg1 EPS 1070:1072 the EPS 1066:1072 the EPS 1066:1072 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 1 30 theme exopolysaccharides 217:234 arg1 properties 177:186 properties 177:186 properties 177:186 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 1 30 theme exopolysaccharides 217:234 arg1 potential 204:212 antioxidant potential 192:212 antioxidant potential 192:212 The effects of carbon source on properties and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes robiniophila were investigated in this study. 25746623 0 31 theme Antioxidant 42:52 arg1 Potential 54:62 Antioxidant Potential 42:62 Antioxidant Potential 42:62 Effect of Carbon Source on Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Trametes robiniophila (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25746623 6 32 theme antioxidant 854:864 arg1 activities 866:875 the antioxidant activities 850:875 the antioxidant activities investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 850:940 The variation also affects the antioxidant activities investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 25746623 7 33 theme due 1021:1023 arg1 activity 1012:1019 antioxidant activity 1000:1019 antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS 1000:1072 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 3 34 theme carbohydrate 414:425 arg1 glucose 464:470 glucose 464:470 glucose 464:470 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were glucose and mannose. 25746623 3 34 theme carbohydrate 414:425 arg1 compositions 427:438 The predominant carbohydrate compositions 398:438 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified 398:457 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were glucose and mannose. 25746623 5 35 from monosaccharides 795:809 arg1 EPS 818:820 the EPS 814:820 the EPS 814:820 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 5 36 theme thermogravimetric 582:598 arg1 TGA 610:612 TGA 610:612 TGA 610:612 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 5 36 theme thermogravimetric 582:598 arg1 analysis 600:607 thermogravimetric analysis 582:607 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 582:613 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 2 37 theme EPS 340:342 arg1 production 344:353 the EPS production 336:353 the EPS production 336:353 The results indicated that the EPS production varied with five different carbon sources. 25746623 5 38 with EPS 629:631 arg1 lactose 638:644 lactose 638:644 lactose 638:644 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 7 39 theme high 1043:1046 arg1 content 1055:1061 the relatively high xylose content 1028:1061 the relatively high xylose content in the EPS 1028:1072 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 7 40 theme xylose 1048:1053 arg1 content 1055:1061 the relatively high xylose content 1028:1061 the relatively high xylose content in the EPS 1028:1072 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 4 41 theme characteristic 534:547 arg1 groups 549:554 prominent characteristic groups 524:554 prominent characteristic groups 524:554 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in the EPSs. 25746623 7 42 theme antioxidant 1000:1010 arg1 activity 1012:1019 antioxidant activity 1000:1019 antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS 1000:1072 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 5 43 theme ribose 764:769 arg1 content 771:777 larger ribose content 757:777 larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS 757:820 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the EPS with lactose as the carbon source showed different degradation behavior as compared to the other four EPSs, probably due to larger ribose content as one of major monosaccharides in the EPS. 25746623 7 44 theme activity 1012:1019 arg1 viewpoint 987:995 the viewpoint 983:995 the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS 983:1072 Sucrose was the best carbon source from the viewpoint of antioxidant activity due to the relatively high xylose content in the EPS. 25746623 2 45 theme different 372:380 arg1 sources 389:395 five different carbon sources 367:395 five different carbon sources 367:395 The results indicated that the EPS production varied with five different carbon sources. 25746623 6 46 theme radical 917:923 arg1 assay 936:940 hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay 899:940 assay 936:940 The variation also affects the antioxidant activities investigated by using hydroxyl and DPPH radical scavenging assay. 25746623 3 47 theme predominant 402:412 arg1 glucose 464:470 glucose 464:470 glucose 464:470 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were glucose and mannose. 25746623 3 47 theme predominant 402:412 arg1 compositions 427:438 The predominant carbohydrate compositions 398:438 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified 398:457 The predominant carbohydrate compositions in EPSs identified were glucose and mannose. 25746623 4 48 theme prominent 524:532 arg1 groups 549:554 prominent characteristic groups 524:554 prominent characteristic groups 524:554 Then, FT-IR spectral analysis revealed prominent characteristic groups in the EPSs. 25037409 1 0 from linza 183:187 arg1 polysaccharide 150:163 phthaloyl polysaccharide 140:163 phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) 140:194 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 25037409 2 1 theme moisture-preserving 393:411 arg1 activities 413:422 the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 366:422 the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of the samples 366:437 And then the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of the samples were investigated. 25037409 0 2 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activities 71:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 28:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza 28:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 0 3 from activities 71:80 arg1 Enteromorpha 105:116 Enteromorpha linza 105:122 Enteromorpha linza 105:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 3 4 theme FT-IR 498:502 arg1 analysis 504:511 FT-IR analysis 498:511 FT-IR analysis 498:511 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 3 5 theme analysis 504:511 arg1 results 462:468 The results 458:468 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis 458:511 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 4 6 theme radical-scavenging 634:651 arg1 activities 677:686 excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 624:686 excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 624:686 And moreover, the derivative PHEP showed excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25037409 3 7 theme composition 482:492 arg1 results 462:468 The results 458:468 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis 458:511 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 1 8 theme phthaloyl 313:321 arg1 agent 323:327 phthaloyl agent 313:327 phthaloyl agent 313:327 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 25037409 2 9 theme samples 431:437 arg1 activities 413:422 the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 366:422 the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of the samples 366:437 And then the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of the samples were investigated. 25037409 4 10 theme excellent 624:632 arg1 activities 677:686 excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 624:686 excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 624:686 And moreover, the derivative PHEP showed excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25037409 3 11 theme phthaloyl 524:532 arg1 modifications 534:546 the phthaloyl modifications 520:546 the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide 520:564 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 0 12 theme phthaloylation 10:23 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 0:123 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 4 13 theme moisture-preserving 657:675 arg1 activities 677:686 excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 624:686 excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 624:686 And moreover, the derivative PHEP showed excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25037409 0 14 from Enteromorpha 105:116 arg1 polysaccharide 85:98 polysaccharide 85:98 polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza 85:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 0 14 from Enteromorpha 105:116 arg1 activities 71:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 28:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza 28:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 0 15 theme radical-scavenging 28:45 arg1 activities 71:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 28:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza 28:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 4 16 theme derivative 601:610 arg1 PHEP 612:615 the derivative PHEP 597:615 the derivative PHEP 597:615 And moreover, the derivative PHEP showed excellent radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. 25037409 3 17 theme chemical 473:480 arg1 composition 482:492 chemical composition 473:492 chemical composition 473:492 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 1 18 theme homogeneous 219:229 arg1 process 231:237 a homogeneous process 217:237 a homogeneous process 217:237 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 25037409 0 19 theme moisture-preserving 51:69 arg1 activities 71:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 28:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza 28:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 2 20 theme radical-scavenging 370:387 arg1 activities 413:422 the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 366:422 the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of the samples 366:437 And then the radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of the samples were investigated. 25037409 3 21 dep showed 513:518 arg1 successful 571:580 successful 571:580 successful 571:580 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 1 22 theme phthaloyl 140:148 arg1 polysaccharide 150:163 phthaloyl polysaccharide 140:163 phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) 140:194 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 25037409 3 23 theme polysaccharide 551:564 arg1 modifications 534:546 the phthaloyl modifications 520:546 the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide 520:564 The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the phthaloyl modifications of polysaccharide were successful. 25037409 0 24 theme polysaccharide 85:98 arg1 activities 71:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities 28:80 radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza 28:122 Effect of phthaloylation on radical-scavenging and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza. 25037409 1 25 theme Enteromorpha 170:181 arg1 PHEP 190:193 PHEP 190:193 PHEP 190:193 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 25037409 1 25 theme Enteromorpha 170:181 arg1 linza 183:187 Enteromorpha linza 170:187 Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) 170:194 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 25037409 1 26 theme 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic 248:270 arg1 anhydride 272:280 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride 248:280 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride 248:280 In this study, phthaloyl polysaccharide from Enteromorpha linza (PHEP) has been prepared in a homogeneous process by using 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine as phthaloyl agent and catalyst, respectively. 27987835 1 0 theme in 325:326 arg1 activities 350:359 in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities 312:359 in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities 312:359 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 4 1 theme different 756:764 arg1 methods 766:772 different methods 756:772 different methods 756:772 Chitooligosaccharides degraded by different methods: all significantly stimulated the immune system by acting through cellular and humoral immunities. 27987835 6 2 theme spleen 985:990 arg1 index 992:996 the spleen index 981:996 the spleen index 981:996 It significantly increased the spleen index and significantly stimulated delayed-type hypersensitivity compared the other two chitooligosaccharides. 27987835 1 3 theme traditional 194:204 arg1 ZCOS 207:210 traditional (ZCOS) 194:211 traditional (ZCOS) 194:211 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 6 4 dep stimulated 1016:1025 arg1 compared 1057:1064 compared 1057:1064 stimulated delayed-type hypersensitivity compared the other two chitooligosaccharides 1016:1100 It significantly increased the spleen index and significantly stimulated delayed-type hypersensitivity compared the other two chitooligosaccharides. 27987835 0 5 theme immunomodulatory 108:123 arg1 activities 125:134 immunomodulatory activities 108:134 immunomodulatory activities 108:134 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 1 6 theme immunomodulatory 333:348 arg1 activities 350:359 in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities 312:359 in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities 312:359 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 2 7 theme acetyl 610:615 arg1 groups 617:622 acetyl groups 610:622 acetyl groups 610:622 ZCOS was mainly comprised of disaccharides and trisaccharides; WCOS was mainly comprised of disaccharides to hexasaccharides with or without acetyl groups; and YCOS was mainly comprised of trisaccharides to pentasaccharides without acetyl groups. 27987835 1 8 dep in 312:313 arg1 vitro 315:319 vitro 315:319 vitro 315:319 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 3 9 from Differences 625:635 arg1 groups 671:676 acetyl groups 664:676 acetyl groups 664:676 Differences in monomer composition and acetyl groups affected their immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 3 9 from Differences 625:635 arg1 composition 648:658 monomer composition 640:658 monomer composition 640:658 Differences in monomer composition and acetyl groups affected their immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 2 10 theme acetyl 519:524 arg1 groups 526:531 acetyl groups 519:531 acetyl groups 519:531 ZCOS was mainly comprised of disaccharides and trisaccharides; WCOS was mainly comprised of disaccharides to hexasaccharides with or without acetyl groups; and YCOS was mainly comprised of trisaccharides to pentasaccharides without acetyl groups. 27987835 5 11 contain had 914:916 arg2 activity 944:951 the best immunomodulatory activity 918:951 the best immunomodulatory activity 918:951 WCOS, obtained by microwave irradiation, had the best immunomodulatory activity. 27987835 5 11 contain had 914:916 arg1 WCOS 873:876 WCOS 873:876 WCOS 873:876 WCOS, obtained by microwave irradiation, had the best immunomodulatory activity. 27987835 4 12 dep Chitooligosaccharides 722:742 arg1 stimulated 793:802 stimulated 793:802 stimulated the immune system by acting through cellular and humoral immunities 793:870 Chitooligosaccharides degraded by different methods: all significantly stimulated the immune system by acting through cellular and humoral immunities. 27987835 5 13 theme best 922:925 arg1 activity 944:951 the best immunomodulatory activity 918:951 the best immunomodulatory activity 918:951 WCOS, obtained by microwave irradiation, had the best immunomodulatory activity. 27987835 0 14 from methods 79:85 arg1 activities 125:134 immunomodulatory activities 108:134 immunomodulatory activities 108:134 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 1 15 dep in 325:326 arg1 vivo 328:331 vivo 328:331 vivo 328:331 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 7 16 theme WCOS 1183:1186 arg1 WCOS 1183:1186 WCOS 1183:1186 WCOS 1183:1186 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 7 16 theme WCOS 1183:1186 arg1 groups 1173:1178 the hexamer and acetyl groups 1150:1178 groups 1173:1178 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 5 17 theme immunomodulatory 927:942 arg1 activity 944:951 the best immunomodulatory activity 918:951 the best immunomodulatory activity 918:951 WCOS, obtained by microwave irradiation, had the best immunomodulatory activity. 27987835 0 18 theme Monomer 0:6 arg1 composition 8:18 Monomer composition 0:18 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides 0:43 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 0 19 theme chitooligosaccharides 23:43 arg1 composition 8:18 Monomer composition 0:18 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides 0:43 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 6 20 theme other 1070:1074 arg1 chitooligosaccharides 1080:1100 the other two chitooligosaccharides 1066:1100 the other two chitooligosaccharides 1066:1100 It significantly increased the spleen index and significantly stimulated delayed-type hypersensitivity compared the other two chitooligosaccharides. 27987835 7 21 theme groups 1173:1178 arg1 result 1140:1145 the result 1136:1145 the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS 1136:1186 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 7 21 theme groups 1173:1178 arg1 activities 1109:1118 These activities 1103:1118 These activities 1103:1118 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 1 22 theme microwave 214:222 arg1 irradiation 224:234 microwave irradiation 214:234 microwave irradiation (WCOS) 214:241 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 1 22 theme microwave 214:222 arg1 WCOS 237:240 WCOS 237:240 WCOS 237:240 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 0 23 from effects 97:103 arg1 activities 125:134 immunomodulatory activities 108:134 immunomodulatory activities 108:134 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 4 24 theme immune 808:813 arg1 system 815:820 the immune system 804:820 the immune system 804:820 Chitooligosaccharides degraded by different methods: all significantly stimulated the immune system by acting through cellular and humoral immunities. 27987835 1 25 theme monomer 287:293 arg1 compositions 295:306 their monomer compositions 281:306 their monomer compositions 281:306 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 7 26 theme acetyl 1166:1171 arg1 WCOS 1183:1186 WCOS 1183:1186 WCOS 1183:1186 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 7 26 theme acetyl 1166:1171 arg1 groups 1173:1178 the hexamer and acetyl groups 1150:1178 groups 1173:1178 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 0 27 theme degradation 67:77 arg1 methods 79:85 different degradation methods 57:85 different degradation methods 57:85 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 6 28 theme delayed-type 1027:1038 arg1 hypersensitivity 1040:1055 delayed-type hypersensitivity 1027:1055 delayed-type hypersensitivity 1027:1055 It significantly increased the spleen index and significantly stimulated delayed-type hypersensitivity compared the other two chitooligosaccharides. 27987835 3 29 theme acetyl 664:669 arg1 groups 671:676 acetyl groups 664:676 acetyl groups 664:676 Differences in monomer composition and acetyl groups affected their immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 0 30 theme different 57:65 arg1 methods 79:85 different degradation methods 57:85 different degradation methods 57:85 Monomer composition of chitooligosaccharides obtained by different degradation methods and their effects on immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 1 31 theme in 312:313 arg1 activities 350:359 in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities 312:359 in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities 312:359 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 7 32 theme hexamer 1154:1160 arg1 WCOS 1183:1186 WCOS 1183:1186 WCOS 1183:1186 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 7 32 theme hexamer 1154:1160 arg1 groups 1173:1178 the hexamer and acetyl groups 1150:1178 groups 1173:1178 These activities might have been the result of the hexamer and acetyl groups of WCOS. 27987835 3 33 theme monomer 640:646 arg1 composition 648:658 monomer composition 640:658 monomer composition 640:658 Differences in monomer composition and acetyl groups affected their immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 1 34 theme chitooligosaccharides 152:172 arg1 kinds 143:147 Three kinds 137:147 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides 137:172 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 3 35 theme immunomodulatory 693:708 arg1 activities 710:719 their immunomodulatory activities 687:719 their immunomodulatory activities 687:719 Differences in monomer composition and acetyl groups affected their immunomodulatory activities. 27987835 5 36 theme microwave 891:899 arg1 irradiation 901:911 microwave irradiation 891:911 microwave irradiation 891:911 WCOS, obtained by microwave irradiation, had the best immunomodulatory activity. 27987835 4 37 dep cellular 840:847 arg1 immunities 861:870 immunities 861:870 immunities 861:870 Chitooligosaccharides degraded by different methods: all significantly stimulated the immune system by acting through cellular and humoral immunities. 27987835 1 38 theme enzymatic 248:256 arg1 YCOS 270:273 YCOS 270:273 YCOS 270:273 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 27987835 1 38 theme enzymatic 248:256 arg1 hydrolysis 258:267 enzymatic hydrolysis 248:267 enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS) 248:274 Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides were prepared using traditional (ZCOS), microwave irradiation (WCOS), and enzymatic hydrolysis (YCOS), and their monomer compositions and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities were determined. 29242125 6 0 theme acidic 843:848 arg1 PPP 823:825 PPP 823:825 PPP 823:825 FT-IR and GC-MS revealed that PPP was the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and mainly consisted of d-mannose (19.30%), d-galactose (47.93%) and l-arabinose (23.08%). 29242125 6 0 theme acidic 843:848 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 850:870 the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides 831:870 the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides 831:870 FT-IR and GC-MS revealed that PPP was the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and mainly consisted of d-mannose (19.30%), d-galactose (47.93%) and l-arabinose (23.08%). 29242125 1 1 theme response 163:170 arg1 RSM 193:195 RSM 193:195 RSM 193:195 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 1 1 theme response 163:170 arg1 methodology 180:190 response surface methodology 163:190 response surface methodology (RSM) 163:196 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 4 2 theme experimental 560:571 arg1 results 573:579 The experimental results 556:579 The experimental results 556:579 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 0 3 theme chemical 93:100 arg1 composition 102:112 chemical composition 93:112 chemical composition 93:112 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 6 4 theme typical 835:841 arg1 PPP 823:825 PPP 823:825 PPP 823:825 FT-IR and GC-MS revealed that PPP was the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and mainly consisted of d-mannose (19.30%), d-galactose (47.93%) and l-arabinose (23.08%). 29242125 6 4 theme typical 835:841 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 850:870 the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides 831:870 the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides 831:870 FT-IR and GC-MS revealed that PPP was the typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and mainly consisted of d-mannose (19.30%), d-galactose (47.93%) and l-arabinose (23.08%). 29242125 1 5 theme surface 172:178 arg1 RSM 193:195 RSM 193:195 RSM 193:195 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 1 5 theme surface 172:178 arg1 methodology 180:190 response surface methodology 163:190 response surface methodology (RSM) 163:196 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 1 6 theme pomegranate 267:277 arg1 PPP 285:287 PPP 285:287 PPP 285:287 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 1 6 theme pomegranate 267:277 arg1 peel 279:282 pomegranate peel 267:282 pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 267:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 0 7 theme antioxidant 118:128 arg1 activity 130:137 antioxidant activity 118:137 antioxidant activity 118:137 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 8 8 theme supplement 1262:1271 arg1 type 1246:1249 a new type 1240:1249 a new type of dietary supplement or functional food 1240:1290 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 8 9 theme dietary 1254:1260 arg1 supplement 1262:1271 dietary supplement 1254:1271 dietary supplement 1254:1271 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 0 10 from pomegranate 71:81 arg1 polysaccharides 50:64 polysaccharides 50:64 polysaccharides from pomegranate 50:81 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 0 10 from pomegranate 71:81 arg1 extraction 36:45 pectinase-assisted extraction 17:45 pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate 17:81 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 3 11 theme PPP 527:529 arg1 yield 531:535 the PPP yield 523:535 the PPP yield 523:535 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 12 theme solid 493:497 arg1 ratio 474:478 ratio 474:478 ratio of liquid to solid 474:497 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 12 theme solid 493:497 arg1 factors 445:451 three factors 439:451 three factors of enzymolysis time 439:471 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 12 theme solid 493:497 arg1 dosage 503:508 dosage 503:508 dosage of enzyme 503:518 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 7 13 theme activity 989:996 arg1 assay 998:1002 the antioxidant activity assay 973:1002 the antioxidant activity assay in vitro 973:1011 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 3 14 theme enzyme 513:518 arg1 ratio 474:478 ratio 474:478 ratio of liquid to solid 474:497 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 14 theme enzyme 513:518 arg1 factors 445:451 three factors 439:451 three factors of enzymolysis time 439:471 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 14 theme enzyme 513:518 arg1 dosage 503:508 dosage 503:508 dosage of enzyme 503:518 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 2 15 theme PPP 406:408 arg1 composition 346:356 the chemical composition 333:356 the chemical composition 333:356 Additionally, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP were studied. 29242125 2 15 theme PPP 406:408 arg1 activities 378:387 the antioxidant activities 362:387 the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP 362:408 Additionally, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP were studied. 29242125 7 16 theme strong 1039:1044 arg1 power 1055:1059 strong reducing power 1039:1059 strong reducing power 1039:1059 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 4 17 theme % 723:723 arg1 dosage 702:707 dosage 702:707 dosage of enzyme 0.68% 702:723 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 4 17 theme % 723:723 arg1 20.5:1 688:693 solid 20.5:1 682:693 solid 20.5:1(mL/g) 682:699 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 2 18 theme extracted 396:404 arg1 PPP 406:408 the extracted PPP 392:408 the extracted PPP 392:408 Additionally, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP were studied. 29242125 7 19 theme good 1065:1068 arg1 activities 1081:1090 good scavenging activities 1065:1090 good scavenging activities 1065:1090 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 4 20 theme enzymolysis 635:645 arg1 19.70 min 652:660 enzymolysis time 19.70 min 635:660 enzymolysis time 19.70 min 635:660 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 3 21 dep solid 493:497 arg1 to 490:491 to 490:491 to 490:491 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 7 22 theme scavenging 1070:1079 arg1 activities 1081:1090 good scavenging activities 1065:1090 good scavenging activities 1065:1090 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 7 23 theme antioxidant 977:987 arg1 assay 998:1002 the antioxidant activity assay 973:1002 the antioxidant activity assay in vitro 973:1011 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 5 24 theme maximum 757:763 arg1 yield 769:773 the maximum PPP yield 753:773 the maximum PPP yield 753:773 Under the best conditions, the maximum PPP yield was 27.3 ± 0.08%. 29242125 5 24 theme maximum 757:763 arg1 % 790:790 27.3 ± 0.08% 779:790 27.3 ± 0.08% 779:790 Under the best conditions, the maximum PPP yield was 27.3 ± 0.08%. 29242125 1 25 from peel 279:282 arg1 polysaccharide 247:260 extracting water-soluble polysaccharide 222:260 extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 222:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 1 25 from peel 279:282 arg1 method 212:217 an optimized method 199:217 an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 199:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 3 26 theme time 468:471 arg1 ratio 474:478 ratio 474:478 ratio of liquid to solid 474:497 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 26 theme time 468:471 arg1 factors 445:451 three factors 439:451 three factors of enzymolysis time 439:471 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 26 theme time 468:471 arg1 dosage 503:508 dosage 503:508 dosage of enzyme 503:518 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 0 27 theme pectinase-assisted 17:34 arg1 extraction 36:45 pectinase-assisted extraction 17:45 pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate 17:81 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 4 28 theme liquid 672:677 arg1 following 624:632 following 624:632 following 624:632 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 4 28 theme liquid 672:677 arg1 ratio 663:667 ratio 663:667 ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68% 663:723 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 0 29 theme polysaccharides 50:64 arg1 extraction 36:45 pectinase-assisted extraction 17:45 pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate 17:81 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 4 30 theme solid 682:686 arg1 dosage 702:707 dosage 702:707 dosage of enzyme 0.68% 702:723 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 4 30 theme solid 682:686 arg1 20.5:1 688:693 solid 20.5:1 682:693 solid 20.5:1(mL/g) 682:699 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 4 30 theme solid 682:686 arg1 mL/g 695:698 mL/g 695:698 mL/g 695:698 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 8 31 theme food 1287:1290 arg1 type 1246:1249 a new type 1240:1249 a new type of dietary supplement or functional food 1240:1290 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 1 32 theme optimized 202:210 arg1 method 212:217 an optimized method 199:217 an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 199:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 4 33 theme time 647:650 arg1 19.70 min 652:660 enzymolysis time 19.70 min 635:660 enzymolysis time 19.70 min 635:660 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 7 34 theme reducing 1046:1053 arg1 power 1055:1059 strong reducing power 1039:1059 strong reducing power 1039:1059 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 4 35 theme enzyme 712:717 arg1 % 723:723 enzyme 0.68% 712:723 enzyme 0.68% 712:723 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 4 36 dep following 624:632 arg1 19.70 min 652:660 enzymolysis time 19.70 min 635:660 enzymolysis time 19.70 min 635:660 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 1 37 with peel 279:282 arg1 pectinase 295:303 pectinase 295:303 pectinase 295:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 3 38 theme enzymolysis 456:466 arg1 time 468:471 enzymolysis time 456:471 enzymolysis time 456:471 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 5 39 theme best 736:739 arg1 conditions 741:750 the best conditions 732:750 the best conditions 732:750 Under the best conditions, the maximum PPP yield was 27.3 ± 0.08%. 29242125 7 40 theme superoxide 1095:1104 arg1 anion 1106:1110 superoxide anion 1095:1110 superoxide anion 1095:1110 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 1 41 from method 212:217 arg1 PPP 285:287 PPP 285:287 PPP 285:287 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 1 41 from method 212:217 arg1 peel 279:282 pomegranate peel 267:282 pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 267:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 8 42 theme excellent 1179:1187 arg1 properties 1201:1210 excellent antioxidant properties 1179:1210 excellent antioxidant properties 1179:1210 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 2 43 theme chemical 337:344 arg1 composition 346:356 the chemical composition 333:356 the chemical composition 333:356 Additionally, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP were studied. 29242125 8 44 contain had 1175:1177 arg2 properties 1201:1210 excellent antioxidant properties 1179:1210 excellent antioxidant properties 1179:1210 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 8 44 contain had 1175:1177 arg1 PPP 1146:1148 The PPP 1142:1148 The PPP extracted with pectinase 1142:1173 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 8 45 theme functional 1276:1285 arg1 food 1287:1290 functional food 1276:1290 functional food 1276:1290 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 3 46 theme ratio 474:478 arg1 effects 428:434 The effects 424:434 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield 424:535 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 8 47 theme new 1242:1244 arg1 type 1246:1249 a new type 1240:1249 a new type of dietary supplement or functional food 1240:1290 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 5 48 theme PPP 765:767 arg1 yield 769:773 the maximum PPP yield 753:773 the maximum PPP yield 753:773 Under the best conditions, the maximum PPP yield was 27.3 ± 0.08%. 29242125 5 48 theme PPP 765:767 arg1 % 790:790 27.3 ± 0.08% 779:790 27.3 ± 0.08% 779:790 Under the best conditions, the maximum PPP yield was 27.3 ± 0.08%. 29242125 3 49 from effects 428:434 arg1 yield 531:535 the PPP yield 523:535 the PPP yield 523:535 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 8 50 theme antioxidant 1189:1199 arg1 properties 1201:1210 excellent antioxidant properties 1179:1210 excellent antioxidant properties 1179:1210 The PPP extracted with pectinase had excellent antioxidant properties and could be developed into a new type of dietary supplement or functional food. 29242125 1 51 theme extracting 222:231 arg1 polysaccharide 247:260 extracting water-soluble polysaccharide 222:260 extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 222:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 3 52 theme dosage 503:508 arg1 effects 428:434 The effects 424:434 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield 424:535 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 3 53 theme factors 445:451 arg1 effects 428:434 The effects 424:434 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield 424:535 The effects of three factors of enzymolysis time, ratio of liquid to solid and dosage of enzyme on the PPP yield were investigated. 29242125 1 54 theme water-soluble 233:245 arg1 polysaccharide 247:260 extracting water-soluble polysaccharide 222:260 extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 222:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 29242125 0 55 from extraction 36:45 arg1 pomegranate 71:81 pomegranate 71:81 pomegranate 71:81 Optimization for pectinase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pomegranate peel with chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 29242125 4 56 theme optimal 597:603 arg1 conditions 605:614 the optimal conditions 593:614 the optimal conditions 593:614 The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as following: enzymolysis time 19.70 min, ratio of liquid to solid 20.5:1(mL/g), dosage of enzyme 0.68%. 29242125 2 57 theme antioxidant 366:376 arg1 activities 378:387 the antioxidant activities 362:387 the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP 362:408 Additionally, the chemical composition and the antioxidant activities of the extracted PPP were studied. 29242125 7 58 theme DPPH 1127:1130 arg1 radicals 1132:1139 DPPH radicals 1127:1139 DPPH radicals 1127:1139 Moreover, the antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PPP exhibited strong reducing power and good scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and DPPH radicals. 29242125 1 59 theme polysaccharide 247:260 arg1 method 212:217 an optimized method 199:217 an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase 199:303 In this work, based on response surface methodology (RSM), an optimized method of extracting water-soluble polysaccharide from pomegranate peel (PPP) with pectinase was proposed. 24708970 2 0 dep concentrations 320:333 arg1 optimized 376:384 optimized 376:384 optimized by this method 376:399 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 3 1 theme culture 574:580 arg1 medium 582:587 the optimized culture medium 560:587 the optimized culture medium 560:587 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 4 2 theme molar 773:777 arg1 ratio 779:783 the molar ratio 1:2.63 769:790 the molar ratio 1:2.63 769:790 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) is comprised by glucose and mannose with the molar ratio 1:2.63. 24708970 2 3 theme culture 358:364 arg1 medium 366:371 culture medium 358:371 culture medium 358:371 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 5 4 theme superoxide 822:831 arg1 radical 839:845 scavenged superoxide anion radical 812:845 scavenged superoxide anion radical 812:845 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 2 5 dep were 401:404 arg1 glucose 416:422 51.67g/L glucose 407:422 51.67g/L glucose 407:422 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 5 dep were 401:404 arg1 extract 455:461 1.0g/L yeast extract 442:461 1.0g/L yeast extract 442:461 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 5 dep were 401:404 arg1 peptone 433:439 6.96g/L peptone 425:439 6.96g/L peptone 425:439 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 5 dep were 401:404 arg1 MgSO4 506:510 0.5g/L MgSO4 499:510 0.5g/L MgSO4 499:510 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 5 dep were 401:404 arg1 thiamine 470:477 5mg/L thiamine 464:477 5mg/L thiamine 464:477 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 5 dep were 401:404 arg1 KH2PO4 487:492 1.0g/L KH2PO4 480:492 1.0g/L KH2PO4 480:492 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 1 6 theme sequential 185:194 arg1 optimization 208:219 sequential statistical optimization 185:219 sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides 185:313 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 5 7 theme hydroxyl 891:898 arg1 radical 900:906 hydroxyl radical 891:906 hydroxyl radical 891:906 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 2 8 theme 5mg/L 464:468 arg1 thiamine 470:477 5mg/L thiamine 464:477 5mg/L thiamine 464:477 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 1 9 theme Plackett-Burman 98:112 arg1 design 114:119 Plackett-Burman design 98:119 Plackett-Burman design 98:119 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 2 10 theme 51.67g/L 407:414 arg1 glucose 416:422 51.67g/L glucose 407:422 51.67g/L glucose 407:422 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 5 11 theme anion 833:837 arg1 radical 839:845 scavenged superoxide anion radical 812:845 scavenged superoxide anion radical 812:845 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 1 12 theme exopolysaccharides 296:313 arg1 production 282:291 the production 278:291 the production of exopolysaccharides 278:313 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 2 13 theme constituents 342:353 arg1 concentrations 320:333 The concentrations 316:333 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method 316:399 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 1 14 theme statistical 196:206 arg1 optimization 208:219 sequential statistical optimization 185:219 sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides 185:313 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 0 15 theme composition 23:33 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of medium composition for exopolysaccharide production by Phellinus nigricans. 0:90 Optimization of medium composition for exopolysaccharide production by Phellinus nigricans. 24708970 3 16 theme optimized 564:572 arg1 medium 582:587 the optimized culture medium 560:587 the optimized culture medium 560:587 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 2 17 theme 1.0g/L 442:447 arg1 extract 455:461 1.0g/L yeast extract 442:461 1.0g/L yeast extract 442:461 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 18 theme yeast 449:453 arg1 extract 455:461 1.0g/L yeast extract 442:461 1.0g/L yeast extract 442:461 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 3 19 theme exopolysaccharides 526:543 arg1 yield 517:521 The yield 513:521 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium 513:587 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 3 19 theme exopolysaccharides 526:543 arg1 higher 615:620 higher 615:620 higher 615:620 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 1 20 theme steepest 122:129 arg1 method 138:143 steepest ascent method 122:143 steepest ascent method 122:143 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 5 21 theme antioxidant 916:926 arg1 properties 928:937 antioxidant properties 916:937 antioxidant properties 916:937 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 0 22 theme exopolysaccharide 39:55 arg1 production 57:66 exopolysaccharide production 39:66 exopolysaccharide production by Phellinus nigricans 39:89 Optimization of medium composition for exopolysaccharide production by Phellinus nigricans. 24708970 3 23 used used 677:680 arg2 medium 666:671 unoptimized culture medium 646:671 unoptimized culture medium 646:671 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 2 24 theme 1.0g/L 480:485 arg1 KH2PO4 487:492 1.0g/L KH2PO4 480:492 1.0g/L KH2PO4 480:492 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 2 25 theme 6.96g/L 425:431 arg1 peptone 433:439 6.96g/L peptone 425:439 6.96g/L peptone 425:439 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 4 26 theme P. 708:709 arg1 PNEP 722:725 PNEP 722:725 PNEP 722:725 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) is comprised by glucose and mannose with the molar ratio 1:2.63. 24708970 4 26 theme P. 708:709 arg1 nigricans 711:719 P. nigricans 708:719 P. nigricans (PNEP) 708:726 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) is comprised by glucose and mannose with the molar ratio 1:2.63. 24708970 1 27 contain carried 173:179 arg2 optimization 208:219 sequential statistical optimization 185:219 sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides 185:313 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 1 27 contain carried 173:179 arg1 we 170:171 we 170:171 we 170:171 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 1 28 theme ascent 131:136 arg1 method 138:143 steepest ascent method 122:143 steepest ascent method 122:143 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 5 29 theme scavenged 812:820 arg1 radical 839:845 scavenged superoxide anion radical 812:845 scavenged superoxide anion radical 812:845 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 4 30 with mannose 756:762 arg1 ratio 779:783 the molar ratio 1:2.63 769:790 the molar ratio 1:2.63 769:790 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) is comprised by glucose and mannose with the molar ratio 1:2.63. 24708970 5 31 theme reducing 948:955 arg1 power 957:961 reducing power 948:961 reducing power 948:961 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 3 32 theme unoptimized 646:656 arg1 medium 666:671 unoptimized culture medium 646:671 unoptimized culture medium 646:671 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 2 33 theme medium 366:371 arg1 constituents 342:353 the constituents 338:353 the constituents of culture medium 338:371 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 1 34 theme nigricans 238:246 arg1 medium 256:261 the Phellinus nigricans culture medium 224:261 the Phellinus nigricans culture medium 224:261 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 3 35 theme culture 658:664 arg1 medium 666:671 unoptimized culture medium 646:671 unoptimized culture medium 646:671 The yield of exopolysaccharides obtained using the optimized culture medium was 1.89±0.13g/L-2.3-fold higher than that obtained when unoptimized culture medium was used. 24708970 2 36 theme 0.5g/L 499:504 arg1 MgSO4 506:510 0.5g/L MgSO4 499:510 0.5g/L MgSO4 499:510 The concentrations of the constituents of culture medium as optimized by this method were: 51.67g/L glucose, 6.96g/L peptone, 1.0g/L yeast extract, 5mg/L thiamine, 1.0g/L KH2PO4, and 0.5g/L MgSO4. 24708970 1 37 theme culture 248:254 arg1 medium 256:261 the Phellinus nigricans culture medium 224:261 the Phellinus nigricans culture medium 224:261 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 1 38 theme Phellinus 228:236 arg1 medium 256:261 the Phellinus nigricans culture medium 224:261 the Phellinus nigricans culture medium 224:261 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 5 39 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 848:876 arg1 radical 878:884 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 848:884 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 848:884 PNEP thus produced scavenged superoxide anion radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, and hydroxyl radical; showed antioxidant properties; and had reducing power. 24708970 1 40 theme Box-Behnken 150:160 arg1 design 162:167 Box-Behnken design 150:167 Box-Behnken design 150:167 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 1 41 theme medium 256:261 arg1 optimization 208:219 sequential statistical optimization 185:219 sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides 185:313 Using Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, we carried out sequential statistical optimization of the Phellinus nigricans culture medium for maximizing the production of exopolysaccharides. 24708970 0 42 theme Phellinus 71:79 arg1 nigricans 81:89 Phellinus nigricans 71:89 Phellinus nigricans 71:89 Optimization of medium composition for exopolysaccharide production by Phellinus nigricans. 24708970 4 43 with glucose 744:750 arg1 ratio 779:783 the molar ratio 1:2.63 769:790 the molar ratio 1:2.63 769:790 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) is comprised by glucose and mannose with the molar ratio 1:2.63. 24708970 0 44 theme medium 16:21 arg1 composition 23:33 medium composition 16:33 medium composition 16:33 Optimization of medium composition for exopolysaccharide production by Phellinus nigricans. 24708970 4 45 theme nigricans 711:719 arg1 exopolysaccharide 687:703 The exopolysaccharide 683:703 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) 683:726 The exopolysaccharide of P. nigricans (PNEP) is comprised by glucose and mannose with the molar ratio 1:2.63. 28167111 1 0 theme enzymatic-extractable 322:342 arg1 EnPPs 378:382 EnPPs 378:382 EnPPs 378:382 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 0 theme enzymatic-extractable 322:342 arg1 polysaccharides 361:375 enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides 322:375 enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 322:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 0 1 theme Pleurotus 98:106 arg1 djamor 108:113 Pleurotus djamor 98:113 Pleurotus djamor 98:113 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 0 2 from optimization 11:22 arg1 djamor 108:113 Pleurotus djamor 98:113 Pleurotus djamor 98:113 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 6 3 contain had 1095:1097 arg1 EnPPs 1089:1093 the EnPPs 1085:1093 the EnPPs 1085:1093 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 6 3 contain had 1095:1097 arg2 effects 1109:1115 potential effects 1099:1115 potential effects 1099:1115 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 6 4 from djamor 1073:1078 arg1 EnPPs 1049:1053 EnPPs 1049:1053 EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor 1049:1078 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 6 4 from djamor 1073:1078 arg1 exploitation 1033:1044 the exploitation 1029:1044 the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor 1029:1078 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 5 5 dep in 903:904 arg1 vivo 906:909 vivo 906:909 vivo 906:909 In addition, the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress were investigated. 28167111 6 6 theme alternative 1001:1011 arg1 bioresource 1013:1023 an alternative bioresource 998:1023 an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor 998:1078 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 2 7 theme ratio 512:516 arg1 56.78 518:522 water to material ratio 56.78 494:522 water to material ratio 56.78 494:522 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 1 8 theme djamor 354:359 arg1 EnPPs 378:382 EnPPs 378:382 EnPPs 378:382 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 8 theme djamor 354:359 arg1 polysaccharides 361:375 enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides 322:375 enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 322:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 2 9 theme material 503:510 arg1 56.78 518:522 water to material ratio 56.78 494:522 water to material ratio 56.78 494:522 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 1 10 theme polysaccharides 361:375 arg1 process 311:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process 274:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 274:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 6 11 from exploitation 1033:1044 arg1 djamor 1073:1078 P. djamor 1070:1078 P. djamor 1070:1078 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 4 12 theme Basic 741:745 arg1 properties 763:772 Basic physicochemical properties 741:772 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions 741:868 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 4 12 theme Basic 741:745 arg1 weights 794:800 molecular weights 784:800 molecular weights 784:800 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 1 13 theme response 176:183 arg1 methodology 193:203 the response surface methodology 172:203 the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) 172:247 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 13 theme response 176:183 arg1 RSM 206:208 RSM 206:208 RSM 206:208 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 2 14 theme water 494:498 arg1 56.78 518:522 water to material ratio 56.78 494:522 water to material ratio 56.78 494:522 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 3 15 theme good 686:689 arg1 agreement 691:699 good agreement 686:699 good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%) 686:738 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 6 16 theme stress 1144:1149 arg1 prevention 1120:1129 prevention 1120:1129 prevention of oxidative stress 1120:1149 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 0 17 theme Processing 0:9 arg1 optimization 11:22 Processing optimization 0:22 Processing optimization 0:22 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 1 18 theme surface 185:191 arg1 methodology 193:203 the response surface methodology 172:203 the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) 172:247 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 18 theme surface 185:191 arg1 RSM 206:208 RSM 206:208 RSM 206:208 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 0 19 from activity 43:50 arg1 djamor 108:113 Pleurotus djamor 98:113 Pleurotus djamor 98:113 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 4 20 theme monosaccharide 842:855 arg1 compositions 857:868 monosaccharide compositions 842:868 monosaccharide compositions 842:868 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 1 21 theme Pleurotus 344:352 arg1 EnPPs 378:382 EnPPs 378:382 EnPPs 378:382 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 21 theme Pleurotus 344:352 arg1 polysaccharides 361:375 enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides 322:375 enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 322:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 5 22 theme oxidative 941:949 arg1 stress 951:956 oxidative stress 941:956 oxidative stress 941:956 In addition, the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress were investigated. 28167111 6 23 theme P. 1070:1071 arg1 djamor 1073:1078 P. djamor 1070:1078 P. djamor 1070:1078 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 0 24 theme anti-oxidative 28:41 arg1 activity 43:50 anti-oxidative activity 28:50 anti-oxidative activity 28:50 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 2 25 theme time 536:539 arg1 44.77min 541:548 extraction time 44.77min 525:548 extraction time 44.77min 525:548 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 1 26 theme present 119:125 arg1 study 127:131 present study 119:131 present study 119:131 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 27 theme enzyme-assisted 278:292 arg1 process 311:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process 274:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 274:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 2 28 theme extraction 525:534 arg1 44.77min 541:548 extraction time 44.77min 525:548 extraction time 44.77min 525:548 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 0 29 from djamor 108:113 arg1 polysaccharides 77:91 enzymatic extractable polysaccharides 55:91 enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor 55:113 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 0 29 from djamor 108:113 arg1 optimization 11:22 Processing optimization 0:22 Processing optimization 0:22 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 0 29 from djamor 108:113 arg1 activity 43:50 anti-oxidative activity 28:50 anti-oxidative activity 28:50 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 6 30 theme oxidative 1134:1142 arg1 stress 1144:1149 oxidative stress 1134:1149 oxidative stress 1134:1149 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 2 31 theme optimum 458:464 arg1 conditions 466:475 the optimum conditions 454:475 the optimum conditions 454:475 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 1 32 theme extraction 294:303 arg1 process 311:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process 274:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 274:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 2 33 theme model 440:444 arg1 graphs 446:451 the model graphs 436:451 the model graphs 436:451 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 2 34 theme regression 401:410 arg1 equations 412:420 the regression equations 397:420 the regression equations 397:420 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 0 35 theme extractable 65:75 arg1 polysaccharides 77:91 enzymatic extractable polysaccharides 55:91 enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor 55:113 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 1 36 theme EAE 306:308 arg1 process 311:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process 274:317 the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs) 274:383 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 3 37 theme experimental 628:639 arg1 yields 641:646 the experimental yields 624:646 the experimental yields of EnPPs 624:655 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 5 38 theme in 903:904 arg1 activities 922:931 the in vivo inhibiting activities 899:931 the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress 899:956 In addition, the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress were investigated. 28167111 0 39 theme enzymatic 55:63 arg1 polysaccharides 77:91 enzymatic extractable polysaccharides 55:91 enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor 55:113 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 2 40 theme extraction 554:563 arg1 temperature 565:575 extraction temperature 35.36°C 554:583 extraction temperature 35.36°C 554:583 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 28167111 4 41 theme structural 803:812 arg1 weights 794:800 molecular weights 784:800 molecular weights 784:800 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 4 41 theme structural 803:812 arg1 identification 814:827 structural identification 803:827 structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions 803:868 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 1 42 theme quadratic 136:144 arg1 model 157:161 a quadratic regression model 134:161 a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) 134:247 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 3 43 with agreement 691:699 arg1 values 720:725 the validated values 706:725 the validated values (3.57±0.51%) 706:738 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 3 43 with agreement 691:699 arg1 % 737:737 3.57±0.51% 728:737 3.57±0.51% 728:737 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 1 44 theme Box-Behnken 224:234 arg1 BBD 244:246 BBD 244:246 BBD 244:246 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 1 44 theme Box-Behnken 224:234 arg1 design 236:241 Box-Behnken design 224:241 Box-Behnken design (BBD) 224:247 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 3 45 theme EnPPs 651:655 arg1 yields 641:646 the experimental yields 624:646 the experimental yields of EnPPs 624:655 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 4 46 theme physicochemical 747:761 arg1 properties 763:772 Basic physicochemical properties 741:772 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions 741:868 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 4 46 theme physicochemical 747:761 arg1 weights 794:800 molecular weights 784:800 molecular weights 784:800 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 1 47 theme regression 146:155 arg1 model 157:161 a quadratic regression model 134:161 a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) 134:247 In present study, a quadratic regression model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) process of enzymatic-extractable Pleurotus djamor polysaccharides (EnPPs). 28167111 3 48 theme validated 710:718 arg1 values 720:725 the validated values 706:725 the validated values (3.57±0.51%) 706:738 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 3 48 theme validated 710:718 arg1 % 737:737 3.57±0.51% 728:737 3.57±0.51% 728:737 Under these conditions, the experimental yields of EnPPs reached 3.61%, which were in good agreement with the validated values (3.57±0.51%). 28167111 5 49 theme inhibiting 911:920 arg1 activities 922:931 the in vivo inhibiting activities 899:931 the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress 899:956 In addition, the in vivo inhibiting activities against oxidative stress were investigated. 28167111 6 50 theme EnPPs 1049:1053 arg1 exploitation 1033:1044 the exploitation 1029:1044 the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor 1029:1078 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 4 51 theme molecular 784:792 arg1 weights 794:800 molecular weights 784:800 molecular weights 784:800 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 4 51 theme molecular 784:792 arg1 identification 814:827 structural identification 803:827 structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions 803:868 Basic physicochemical properties including molecular weights, structural identification by FT-IR and monosaccharide compositions were processed. 28167111 6 52 theme potential 1099:1107 arg1 effects 1109:1115 potential effects 1099:1115 potential effects 1099:1115 The results provided an alternative bioresource for the exploitation of EnPPs under EAE from P. djamor, and the EnPPs had potential effects in prevention of oxidative stress. 28167111 0 53 theme polysaccharides 77:91 arg1 optimization 11:22 Processing optimization 0:22 Processing optimization 0:22 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 0 53 theme polysaccharides 77:91 arg1 activity 43:50 anti-oxidative activity 28:50 anti-oxidative activity 28:50 Processing optimization and anti-oxidative activity of enzymatic extractable polysaccharides from Pleurotus djamor. 28167111 2 54 dep 56.78 518:522 arg1 to 500:501 to 500:501 to 500:501 By solving the regression equations and analyzing the model graphs, the optimum conditions were at pH 7.36, water to material ratio 56.78, extraction time 44.77min and extraction temperature 35.36°C, respectively. 26876995 2 0 dep characterization 292:307 arg1 The 288:290 The 288:290 The 288:290 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 4 1 theme 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 797:815 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 1 2 theme medicinal 168:176 arg1 fungi 178:182 medicinal fungi 168:182 medicinal fungi 168:182 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 7 3 theme functional 1259:1268 arg1 food 1270:1273 functional food 1259:1273 functional food 1259:1273 So EPS and IPS could be potential novel antioxidants for functional food. 26876995 4 4 with rhamnose 742:749 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 5 5 from radiation 1028:1036 arg1 cells 1000:1004 yeast cells 994:1004 yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage 994:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 pinicola 111:118 pinicola 111:118 pinicola 111:118 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 5 7 dep in 871:872 arg1 vitro 874:878 vitro 874:878 vitro 874:878 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 1 8 theme liquid 258:263 arg1 cultivation 275:285 liquid submerged cultivation 258:285 liquid submerged cultivation 258:285 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 3 9 with rhamnose 561:568 arg1 ratio 607:611 the molar ratio 597:611 the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 597:630 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 5 10 theme H2O2 1042:1045 arg1 damage 1057:1062 H2O2 oxidative damage 1042:1062 H2O2 oxidative damage 1042:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 6 11 theme dependent 1134:1142 arg1 manner 1144:1149 a dose dependent manner 1127:1149 a dose dependent manner 1127:1149 Both EPS and IPS showed antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner, and IPS had higher antioxidant activity than EPS. 26876995 5 12 theme EPS 849:851 arg1 activities 830:839 Antioxidant activities 818:839 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS 818:859 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 1 13 theme submerged 265:273 arg1 cultivation 275:285 liquid submerged cultivation 258:285 liquid submerged cultivation 258:285 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 6 14 theme antioxidant 1171:1181 arg1 activity 1183:1190 higher antioxidant activity 1164:1190 higher antioxidant activity 1164:1190 Both EPS and IPS showed antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner, and IPS had higher antioxidant activity than EPS. 26876995 5 15 theme IPS 857:859 arg1 activities 830:839 Antioxidant activities 818:839 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS 818:859 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 4 16 theme molar 782:786 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 7 17 theme novel 1236:1240 arg1 antioxidants 1242:1253 potential novel antioxidants 1226:1253 potential novel antioxidants 1226:1253 So EPS and IPS could be potential novel antioxidants for functional food. 26876995 5 18 theme in 871:872 arg1 activities 891:900 in vitro scavenging activities 871:900 in vitro scavenging activities 871:900 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 1 19 theme fungi 178:182 arg1 kind 160:163 a kind 158:163 a kind of medicinal fungi 158:182 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 1 19 theme fungi 178:182 arg1 pinicola 132:139 Fomitopsis pinicola 121:139 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) 121:153 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 3 20 with xylose 571:576 arg1 ratio 607:611 the molar ratio 597:611 the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 597:630 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 6 21 contain had 1160:1162 arg2 activity 1183:1190 higher antioxidant activity 1164:1190 higher antioxidant activity 1164:1190 Both EPS and IPS showed antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner, and IPS had higher antioxidant activity than EPS. 26876995 6 21 contain had 1160:1162 arg1 IPS 1156:1158 IPS 1156:1158 IPS 1156:1158 Both EPS and IPS showed antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner, and IPS had higher antioxidant activity than EPS. 26876995 5 22 from damage 1057:1062 arg1 cells 1000:1004 yeast cells 994:1004 yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage 994:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 6 23 theme antioxidant 1101:1111 arg1 activities 1113:1122 antioxidant activities 1101:1122 antioxidant activities 1101:1122 Both EPS and IPS showed antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner, and IPS had higher antioxidant activity than EPS. 26876995 1 24 from cultivation 275:285 arg1 polysaccharides 237:251 F. pinicola polysaccharides 225:251 F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation 225:285 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 5 25 theme scavenging 880:889 arg1 activities 891:900 in vitro scavenging activities 871:900 in vitro scavenging activities 871:900 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 5 26 theme oxidative 1047:1055 arg1 damage 1057:1062 H2O2 oxidative damage 1042:1062 H2O2 oxidative damage 1042:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 5 27 theme Antioxidant 818:828 arg1 activities 830:839 Antioxidant activities 818:839 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS 818:859 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 1 28 theme Fomitopsis 121:130 arg1 kind 160:163 a kind 158:163 a kind of medicinal fungi 158:182 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 1 28 theme Fomitopsis 121:130 arg1 pinicola 132:139 Fomitopsis pinicola 121:139 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) 121:153 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 1 28 theme Fomitopsis 121:130 arg1 pinicola 145:152 pinicola 145:152 pinicola 145:152 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 1 29 theme few 189:191 arg1 studies 193:199 few studies 189:199 few studies 189:199 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 4 30 with glucose 724:730 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 5 31 theme UV 1024:1025 arg1 radiation 1028:1036 ultraviolet (UV) radiation 1011:1036 ultraviolet (UV) radiation 1011:1036 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 2 32 theme antioxidant 313:323 arg1 activities 325:334 antioxidant activities 313:334 antioxidant activities 313:334 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 5 33 theme protective 972:981 arg1 effects 983:989 cellular protective effects 963:989 cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage 963:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 7 34 theme potential 1226:1234 arg1 antioxidants 1242:1253 potential novel antioxidants 1226:1253 potential novel antioxidants 1226:1253 So EPS and IPS could be potential novel antioxidants for functional food. 26876995 0 35 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 0 36 from pinicola 111:118 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 0 36 from pinicola 111:118 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 0 36 from pinicola 111:118 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides 47:93 extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola 47:118 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 5 37 from effects 983:989 arg1 cells 1000:1004 yeast cells 994:1004 yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage 994:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 3 38 theme molecular 486:494 arg1 weight 496:501 the molecular weight 482:501 the molecular weight of EPS 482:508 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 3 38 theme molecular 486:494 arg1 Da 524:525 2.30×10(4)Da 514:525 2.30×10(4)Da 514:525 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 0 39 theme extracellular 47:59 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides 47:93 extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola 47:118 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 5 40 theme cellular 963:970 arg1 effects 983:989 cellular protective effects 963:989 cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage 963:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 3 41 theme 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 616:630 arg1 ratio 607:611 the molar ratio 597:611 the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 597:630 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 2 42 dep F. 427:428 arg1 pinicola 430:437 F. pinicola 427:437 F. pinicola 427:437 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 4 43 theme molecular 637:645 arg1 Da 675:676 4.07×10(5)Da 665:676 4.07×10(5)Da 665:676 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 4 43 theme molecular 637:645 arg1 weight 647:652 The molecular weight 633:652 The molecular weight of IPS 633:659 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 4 44 with mannose 733:739 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 4 45 theme IPS 657:659 arg1 Da 675:676 4.07×10(5)Da 665:676 4.07×10(5)Da 665:676 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 4 45 theme IPS 657:659 arg1 weight 647:652 The molecular weight 633:652 The molecular weight of IPS 633:659 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 3 46 theme molar 601:605 arg1 ratio 607:611 the molar ratio 597:611 the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 597:630 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 6 47 theme higher 1164:1169 arg1 activity 1183:1190 higher antioxidant activity 1164:1190 higher antioxidant activity 1164:1190 Both EPS and IPS showed antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner, and IPS had higher antioxidant activity than EPS. 26876995 0 48 theme intracellular 65:77 arg1 polysaccharides 79:93 extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides 47:93 extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola 47:118 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 3 49 with galactose 582:590 arg1 ratio 607:611 the molar ratio 597:611 the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 597:630 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 3 50 theme EPS 506:508 arg1 weight 496:501 the molecular weight 482:501 the molecular weight of EPS 482:508 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 3 50 theme EPS 506:508 arg1 Da 524:525 2.30×10(4)Da 514:525 2.30×10(4)Da 514:525 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 5 51 theme yeast 994:998 arg1 cells 1000:1004 yeast cells 994:1004 yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage 994:1062 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 4 52 with xylose 752:757 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 2 53 attach isolated 413:420 arg1 F. 427:428 F. 427:428 F. 427:428 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 2 53 attach isolated 413:420 arg2 characterization 292:307 characterization 292:307 characterization 292:307 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 5 54 theme hydroxyl 944:951 arg1 radicals 953:960 hydroxyl radicals 944:960 hydroxyl radicals 944:960 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 2 55 theme polysaccharide 353:366 arg1 characterization 292:307 characterization 292:307 characterization 292:307 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 2 55 theme polysaccharide 353:366 arg1 activities 325:334 antioxidant activities 313:334 antioxidant activities 313:334 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 4 56 theme monosaccharide 687:700 arg1 compositions 702:713 the monosaccharide compositions 683:713 the monosaccharide compositions 683:713 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 5 57 theme ultraviolet 1011:1021 arg1 radiation 1028:1036 ultraviolet (UV) radiation 1011:1036 ultraviolet (UV) radiation 1011:1036 Antioxidant activities of both EPS and IPS including in vitro scavenging activities on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, cellular protective effects on yeast cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and H2O2 oxidative damage were tested. 26876995 2 58 theme extracellular 339:351 arg1 EPS 369:371 EPS 369:371 EPS 369:371 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 2 58 theme extracellular 339:351 arg1 polysaccharide 353:366 extracellular polysaccharide 339:366 extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) 339:372 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 4 59 with galactose 763:771 arg1 ratio 788:792 the molar ratio 778:792 the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1 778:815 The molecular weight of IPS was 4.07×10(5)Da, and the monosaccharide compositions included glucose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 1.0:0.9:0.9:0.8:1.1. 26876995 2 60 theme polysaccharide 392:405 arg1 characterization 292:307 characterization 292:307 characterization 292:307 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 2 60 theme polysaccharide 392:405 arg1 activities 325:334 antioxidant activities 313:334 antioxidant activities 313:334 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 1 61 theme F. 225:226 arg1 polysaccharides 237:251 F. pinicola polysaccharides 225:251 F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation 225:285 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 26876995 0 62 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 0 62 theme polysaccharides 79:93 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 0 63 from activities 33:42 arg1 pinicola 111:118 pinicola 111:118 pinicola 111:118 Characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides from Fomitopsis pinicola. 26876995 3 64 with mannose 552:558 arg1 ratio 607:611 the molar ratio 597:611 the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5 597:630 The results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 2.30×10(4)Da, and EPS was composed of mannose, rhamnose, xylose and galactose with the molar ratio of 0.1:1.0:0.3:0.5. 26876995 2 65 theme intracellular 378:390 arg1 IPS 408:410 IPS 408:410 IPS 408:410 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 2 65 theme intracellular 378:390 arg1 polysaccharide 392:405 intracellular polysaccharide 378:405 intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) 378:411 The characterization and antioxidant activities of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) isolated from F. pinicola were investigated. 26876995 1 66 theme pinicola 228:235 arg1 polysaccharides 237:251 F. pinicola polysaccharides 225:251 F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation 225:285 Fomitopsis pinicola (F. pinicola) is a kind of medicinal fungi, and few studies has been carried out on F. pinicola polysaccharides from liquid submerged cultivation. 24299743 6 0 theme fiber 634:638 arg1 fraction 647:654 fiber weight fraction 634:654 fiber weight fraction 634:654 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 9 1 dep % 1045:1045 arg1 each 1047:1050 each 1047:1050 each 1047:1050 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 7 2 theme water 798:802 arg1 uptake 804:809 water uptake 798:809 water uptake 798:809 Composite thermal stability, water uptake and biodegradation improved with increasing fiber content. 24299743 0 3 theme flax 87:90 arg1 fibers 92:97 flax fibers 87:97 flax fibers 87:97 Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites reinforced with date palm and flax fibers. 24299743 9 4 theme eco-friendly 1100:1111 arg1 candidate 1113:1121 a competitive eco-friendly candidate 1086:1121 a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications 1086:1146 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 8 5 theme fibers 934:939 arg1 content 941:947 50 wt% fibers content 927:947 50 wt% fibers content 927:947 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 5 6 theme void 536:539 arg1 % 566:566 less than 0.142% 551:566 less than 0.142% 551:566 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 5 6 theme void 536:539 arg1 fraction 541:548 very small void fraction 525:548 very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content 525:620 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 2 7 theme wt 317:318 arg1 % 319:319 25 wt% 314:319 25 wt% each 314:324 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 2 7 theme wt 317:318 arg1 palm 292:295 date palm 287:295 date palm 287:295 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 7 8 theme thermal 779:785 arg1 stability 787:795 Composite thermal stability 769:795 Composite thermal stability 769:795 Composite thermal stability, water uptake and biodegradation improved with increasing fiber content. 24299743 5 9 dep wt 604:605 arg1 to 598:599 to 598:599 to 598:599 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 9 10 theme competitive 1088:1098 arg1 candidate 1113:1121 a competitive eco-friendly candidate 1086:1121 a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications 1086:1146 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 6 11 theme flexural 712:719 arg1 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 11 theme flexural 712:719 arg1 properties 732:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties 679:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) 679:766 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 11 theme flexural 712:719 arg1 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 2 12 dep % 319:319 arg1 each 321:324 each 321:324 each 321:324 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 8 13 theme present 874:880 arg1 work 882:885 The present work 870:885 The present work 870:885 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 5 14 dep % 606:606 arg1 wt 604:605 wt 604:605 wt 604:605 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 2 15 theme Hybrid 258:263 arg1 composites 265:274 Hybrid composites 258:274 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, 258:325 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 1 16 theme wt 253:254 arg1 % 255:255 20 to 80 wt% 244:255 20 to 80 wt% 244:255 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 8 17 theme mechanical 966:975 arg1 properties 977:986 the optimum mechanical properties 954:986 the optimum mechanical properties 954:986 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 6 18 theme tensile 700:706 arg1 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 18 theme tensile 700:706 arg1 properties 732:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties 679:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) 679:766 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 18 theme tensile 700:706 arg1 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 7 19 theme Composite 769:777 arg1 stability 787:795 Composite thermal stability 769:795 Composite thermal stability 769:795 Composite thermal stability, water uptake and biodegradation improved with increasing fiber content. 24299743 9 20 theme good 1057:1060 arg1 properties 1062:1071 good properties 1057:1071 good properties 1057:1071 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 8 21 theme optimum 958:964 arg1 properties 977:986 the optimum mechanical properties 954:986 the optimum mechanical properties 954:986 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 6 22 theme static 693:698 arg1 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 22 theme static 693:698 arg1 properties 732:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties 679:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) 679:766 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 22 theme static 693:698 arg1 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 1 23 theme biodegradable 160:172 arg1 composites 187:196 completely biodegradable starch-based composites 149:196 completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt% 149:255 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 5 24 dep content 614:620 arg1 % 606:606 % 606:606 % 606:606 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 1 25 from % 255:255 arg1 range 233:237 the range 229:237 the range from 20 to 80 wt% 229:255 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 6 26 theme composite 683:691 arg1 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 26 theme composite 683:691 arg1 properties 732:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties 679:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) 679:766 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 26 theme composite 683:691 arg1 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 1 27 theme starch-based 174:185 arg1 composites 187:196 completely biodegradable starch-based composites 149:196 completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt% 149:255 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 8 28 theme % 932:932 arg1 fibers 934:939 50 wt% fibers 927:939 50 wt% fibers content 927:947 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 9 29 theme flax 1013:1016 arg1 composite 1000:1008 The hybrid composite 989:1008 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers 989:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 29 theme flax 1013:1016 arg1 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 29 theme flax 1013:1016 arg1 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 29 theme flax 1013:1016 arg1 % 1045:1045 25 wt% 1040:1045 25 wt% each 1040:1050 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 1 30 theme composites 187:196 arg1 behavior 137:144 the behavior 133:144 the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt% 133:255 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 0 31 theme biodegradable 32:44 arg1 composites 46:55 starch-based biodegradable composites 19:55 starch-based biodegradable composites 19:55 Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites reinforced with date palm and flax fibers. 24299743 6 32 dep properties 732:741 arg1 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 32 dep properties 732:741 arg1 properties 732:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties 679:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) 679:766 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 32 dep properties 732:741 arg1 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 5 33 theme fiber 608:612 arg1 content 614:620 up to 50 wt% fiber content 595:620 up to 50 wt% fiber content 595:620 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 5 34 theme small 530:534 arg1 % 566:566 less than 0.142% 551:566 less than 0.142% 551:566 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 5 34 theme small 530:534 arg1 fraction 541:548 very small void fraction 525:548 very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content 525:620 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 2 35 theme date 287:290 arg1 % 319:319 25 wt% 314:319 25 wt% each 314:324 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 2 35 theme date 287:290 arg1 palm 292:295 date palm 287:295 date palm 287:295 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 6 36 theme mechanical 721:730 arg1 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 stiffness 744:752 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 36 theme mechanical 721:730 arg1 properties 732:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties 679:741 the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength) 679:766 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 6 36 theme mechanical 721:730 arg1 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 strength 758:765 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 8 37 contain have 949:952 arg2 properties 977:986 the optimum mechanical properties 954:986 the optimum mechanical properties 954:986 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 8 37 contain have 949:952 arg1 composites 911:920 starch-based composites 898:920 starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content 898:947 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 0 38 theme starch-based 19:30 arg1 composites 46:55 starch-based biodegradable composites 19:55 starch-based biodegradable composites 19:55 Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites reinforced with date palm and flax fibers. 24299743 9 39 theme date 1022:1025 arg1 composite 1000:1008 The hybrid composite 989:1008 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers 989:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 39 theme date 1022:1025 arg1 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 39 theme date 1022:1025 arg1 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 39 theme date 1022:1025 arg1 % 1045:1045 25 wt% 1040:1045 25 wt% each 1040:1050 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 1 40 theme date 209:212 arg1 fibers 219:224 date palm fibers 209:224 date palm fibers 209:224 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 9 41 theme hybrid 993:998 arg1 composite 1000:1008 The hybrid composite 989:1008 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers 989:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 41 theme hybrid 993:998 arg1 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 41 theme hybrid 993:998 arg1 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 41 theme hybrid 993:998 arg1 % 1045:1045 25 wt% 1040:1045 25 wt% each 1040:1050 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 42 theme various 1127:1133 arg1 applications 1135:1146 various applications 1127:1146 various applications 1127:1146 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 43 theme palm 1027:1030 arg1 fibers 1032:1037 palm fibers 1027:1037 palm fibers 1027:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 1 44 theme palm 214:217 arg1 fibers 219:224 date palm fibers 209:224 date palm fibers 209:224 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 0 45 theme composites 46:55 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites 0:55 Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites reinforced with date palm and flax fibers. 24299743 2 46 contain containing 276:285 arg2 % 319:319 25 wt% 314:319 25 wt% each 314:324 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 2 46 contain containing 276:285 arg1 composites 265:274 Hybrid composites 258:274 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, 258:325 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 2 46 contain containing 276:285 arg2 palm 292:295 date palm 287:295 date palm 287:295 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 2 46 contain containing 276:285 arg2 fibers 306:311 flax fibers 301:311 flax fibers 301:311 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 0 47 theme date 73:76 arg1 palm 78:81 date palm 73:81 date palm 73:81 Characteristics of starch-based biodegradable composites reinforced with date palm and flax fibers. 24299743 4 48 theme strong 454:459 arg1 adhesion 461:468 strong adhesion 454:468 strong adhesion between fibers and matrix 454:494 SEM investigation showed strong adhesion between fibers and matrix. 24299743 6 49 theme wt 665:666 arg1 % 667:667 50 wt% 662:667 50 wt% 662:667 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24299743 5 50 theme 50 601:602 arg1 wt 604:605 wt 604:605 wt 604:605 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 1 51 dep 80 250:251 arg1 to 247:248 to 247:248 to 247:248 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 1 52 theme work 116:119 arg1 aim 104:106 The aim 100:106 The aim of this work 100:119 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 8 53 theme wt 930:931 arg1 fibers 934:939 50 wt% fibers 927:939 50 wt% fibers content 927:947 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 7 54 theme fiber 855:859 arg1 content 861:867 fiber content 855:867 fiber content 855:867 Composite thermal stability, water uptake and biodegradation improved with increasing fiber content. 24299743 5 55 theme Density 497:503 arg1 measurements 505:516 Density measurements 497:516 Density measurements 497:516 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 8 56 theme starch-based 898:909 arg1 composites 911:920 starch-based composites 898:920 starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content 898:947 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 9 57 dep flax 1013:1016 arg1 fibers 1032:1037 palm fibers 1027:1037 palm fibers 1027:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 58 theme wt 1043:1044 arg1 composite 1000:1008 The hybrid composite 989:1008 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers 989:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 58 theme wt 1043:1044 arg1 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 58 theme wt 1043:1044 arg1 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 58 theme wt 1043:1044 arg1 % 1045:1045 25 wt% 1040:1045 25 wt% each 1040:1050 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 2 59 theme flax 301:304 arg1 fibers 306:311 flax fibers 301:311 flax fibers 301:311 Hybrid composites containing date palm and flax fibers, 25 wt% each, were also examined. 24299743 9 60 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 composite 1000:1008 The hybrid composite 989:1008 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers 989:1037 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 60 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 flax 1013:1016 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 60 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 date 1022:1025 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 60 contain has 1053:1055 arg1 % 1045:1045 25 wt% 1040:1045 25 wt% each 1040:1050 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 9 60 contain has 1053:1055 arg2 properties 1062:1071 good properties 1057:1071 good properties 1057:1071 The hybrid composite of flax and date palm fibers, 25 wt% each, has good properties and provides a competitive eco-friendly candidate for various applications. 24299743 5 61 contain containing 584:593 arg1 composites 573:582 composites 573:582 composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content 573:620 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 5 61 contain containing 584:593 arg2 content 614:620 up to 50 wt% fiber content 595:620 up to 50 wt% fiber content 595:620 Density measurements showed very small void fraction (less than 0.142%) for composites containing up to 50 wt% fiber content. 24299743 8 62 with composites 911:920 arg1 content 941:947 50 wt% fibers content 927:947 50 wt% fibers content 927:947 The present work shows that starch-based composites with 50 wt% fibers content have the optimum mechanical properties. 24299743 1 63 contain containing 198:207 arg2 fibers 219:224 date palm fibers 209:224 date palm fibers 209:224 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 1 63 contain containing 198:207 arg1 composites 187:196 completely biodegradable starch-based composites 149:196 completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt% 149:255 The aim of this work is to study the behavior of completely biodegradable starch-based composites containing date palm fibers in the range from 20 to 80 wt%. 24299743 4 64 theme SEM 429:431 arg1 investigation 433:445 SEM investigation 429:445 SEM investigation 429:445 SEM investigation showed strong adhesion between fibers and matrix. 24299743 6 65 theme weight 640:645 arg1 fraction 647:654 fiber weight fraction 634:654 fiber weight fraction 634:654 Increasing fiber weight fraction up to 50 wt% increased the composite static tensile and flexural mechanical properties (stiffness and strength). 24767036 6 0 theme galactosyl 819:828 arg1 groups 844:849 galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 819:849 groups 844:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 0 1 theme L 72:72 arg1 fruits 46:51 the fruits 42:51 the fruits of Lycium barbarum L 42:72 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 4 2 theme O-glycopeptide 447:460 arg1 bond 462:465 O-glycopeptide bond 447:465 O-glycopeptide bond 447:465 The existence of O-glycopeptide bond in LbGp1 was demonstrated by β-elimination reaction. 24767036 7 3 theme branches 1010:1017 arg1 terminal 994:1001 the terminal 990:1001 the terminal of the branches 990:1017 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 6 4 link 1→linked 778:785 arg1 galactose 787:795 1→linked galactose 778:795 a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 756:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 4 5 from existence 434:442 arg1 LbGp1 470:474 LbGp1 470:474 LbGp1 470:474 The existence of O-glycopeptide bond in LbGp1 was demonstrated by β-elimination reaction. 24767036 2 6 theme LbGp1 242:246 arg1 weight 232:237 The average molecular weight 210:237 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 210:246 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 7 theme high 275:278 arg1 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 7 theme high 275:278 arg1 chromatography 307:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography 275:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 275:328 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 0 8 from fruits 46:51 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 0:73 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 5 9 theme monosaccharide 566:579 arg1 composition 581:591 monosaccharide composition 566:591 monosaccharide composition 566:591 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 3 10 theme 5.6:1 423:427 arg1 ratio 414:418 a molar ratio 406:418 a molar ratio of 5.6:1 406:427 Sugar composition analysis revealed that it was composed of Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.6:1. 24767036 1 11 with polysaccharide 91:104 arg1 content 121:127 a protein content 111:127 a protein content of 3.75% 111:136 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 4 12 theme β-elimination 496:508 arg1 reaction 510:517 β-elimination reaction 496:517 β-elimination reaction 496:517 The existence of O-glycopeptide bond in LbGp1 was demonstrated by β-elimination reaction. 24767036 6 13 theme arabinosyl 833:842 arg1 groups 844:849 galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 819:849 groups 844:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 7 14 dep -linked-Araf 947:958 arg1 1→3 943:945 1→3 943:945 1→3 943:945 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 4 15 gly O-glycopeptide 447:460 arg2 O-glycopeptide 447:460 O-glycopeptide bond 447:465 O-glycopeptide bond 447:465 The existence of O-glycopeptide bond in LbGp1 was demonstrated by β-elimination reaction. 24767036 0 16 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 0:73 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 5 17 theme partial 594:600 arg1 hydrolysis 602:611 partial hydrolysis 594:611 partial hydrolysis 594:611 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 1 18 theme water-soluble 77:89 arg1 polysaccharide 91:104 A water-soluble polysaccharide 75:104 A water-soluble polysaccharide 75:104 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 0 19 theme LbGp1 31:35 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 0:73 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 6 20 dep Galp 773:776 arg1 →6 770:771 →6 770:771 →6 770:771 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 5 21 theme LbGp1 533:537 arg1 Structure 520:528 Structure 520:528 Structure of LbGp1 520:537 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 6 22 dep backbone 758:765 arg1 galactose 787:795 1→linked galactose 778:795 a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 756:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 3 23 theme Sugar 331:335 arg1 analysis 349:356 Sugar composition analysis 331:356 Sugar composition analysis 331:356 Sugar composition analysis revealed that it was composed of Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.6:1. 24767036 7 24 dep -linked-Galp 906:917 arg1 1→4 902:904 1→4 902:904 1→4 902:904 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 3 25 theme molar 408:412 arg1 ratio 414:418 a molar ratio 406:418 a molar ratio of 5.6:1 406:427 Sugar composition analysis revealed that it was composed of Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.6:1. 24767036 6 26 with polysaccharide 736:749 arg1 backbone 758:765 a backbone 756:765 a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 756:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 2 27 theme gel 292:294 arg1 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 27 theme gel 292:294 arg1 chromatography 307:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography 275:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 275:328 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 7 28 dep -linked-Araf 925:936 arg1 1→2 921:923 1→2 921:923 1→2 921:923 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 7 29 from terminal 994:1001 arg1 located 979:985 located 979:985 located 979:985 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 4 30 theme bond 462:465 arg1 existence 434:442 The existence 430:442 The existence of O-glycopeptide bond in LbGp1 430:474 The existence of O-glycopeptide bond in LbGp1 was demonstrated by β-elimination reaction. 24767036 2 31 theme permeation 296:305 arg1 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 31 theme permeation 296:305 arg1 chromatography 307:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography 275:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 275:328 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 5 32 theme electrospray 639:650 arg1 ESI-MS 682:687 ESI-MS 682:687 ESI-MS 682:687 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 5 32 theme electrospray 639:650 arg1 spectrometer 668:679 electrospray ionization mass spectrometer 639:679 electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) 639:688 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 5 33 theme methylation 614:624 arg1 analysis 626:633 methylation analysis 614:633 methylation analysis 614:633 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 6 34 theme 1→linked 778:785 arg1 galactose 787:795 1→linked galactose 778:795 a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 756:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 1 35 theme protein 113:119 arg1 content 121:127 a protein content 111:127 a protein content of 3.75% 111:136 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 6 36 theme branched 727:734 arg1 polysaccharide 736:749 a highly branched polysaccharide 718:749 a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 718:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 6 36 theme branched 727:734 arg1 LbGp1 691:695 LbGp1 691:695 LbGp1 691:695 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 5 37 theme ionization 652:661 arg1 ESI-MS 682:687 ESI-MS 682:687 ESI-MS 682:687 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 5 37 theme ionization 652:661 arg1 spectrometer 668:679 electrospray ionization mass spectrometer 639:679 electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) 639:688 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 1 38 attach isolated 164:171 arg2 polysaccharide 91:104 A water-soluble polysaccharide 75:104 A water-soluble polysaccharide 75:104 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 1 38 attach isolated 164:171 arg1 fruit 182:186 the fruit 178:186 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L 178:207 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 2 39 theme molecular 222:230 arg1 weight 232:237 The average molecular weight 210:237 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 210:246 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 40 theme performance 280:290 arg1 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 HPGPC 323:327 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 40 theme performance 280:290 arg1 chromatography 307:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography 275:320 high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) 275:328 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 7 41 dep -linked-Galp 887:898 arg1 1→3 883:885 1→3 883:885 1→3 883:885 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 5 42 theme mass 663:666 arg1 ESI-MS 682:687 ESI-MS 682:687 ESI-MS 682:687 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 5 42 theme mass 663:666 arg1 spectrometer 668:679 electrospray ionization mass spectrometer 639:679 electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) 639:688 Structure of LbGp1 was characterized based on monosaccharide composition, partial hydrolysis, methylation analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). 24767036 2 43 theme average 214:220 arg1 weight 232:237 The average molecular weight 210:237 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 210:246 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 2 44 dep determined 261:270 arg1 KDa 257:259 49.1 KDa 252:259 49.1 KDa 252:259 The average molecular weight of LbGp1 was 49.1 KDa determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). 24767036 7 45 located located 979:985 arg2 arabinose 965:973 arabinose 965:973 arabinose 965:973 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 7 45 located located 979:985 arg1 terminal 994:1001 the terminal 990:1001 the terminal of the branches 990:1017 The branches were composed of (1→3)-linked-Galp, (1→4)-linked-Galp, (1→2)-linked-Araf and (1→3)-linked-Araf, and arabinose was located at the terminal of the branches. 24767036 1 46 theme Lycium 191:196 arg1 L 207:207 Lycium barbarum L 191:207 Lycium barbarum L 191:207 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 0 47 theme barbarum 63:70 arg1 L 72:72 Lycium barbarum L 56:72 Lycium barbarum L 56:72 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 6 48 theme Galp 773:776 arg1 backbone 758:765 a backbone 756:765 a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups 756:849 LbGp1 was identified to be a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of →6)Galp(1→linked galactose substituted at O-3 by galactosyl or arabinosyl groups. 24767036 3 49 theme composition 337:347 arg1 analysis 349:356 Sugar composition analysis 331:356 Sugar composition analysis 331:356 Sugar composition analysis revealed that it was composed of Ara and Gal in a molar ratio of 5.6:1. 24767036 1 50 theme barbarum 198:205 arg1 L 207:207 Lycium barbarum L 191:207 Lycium barbarum L 191:207 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 0 51 theme Lycium 56:61 arg1 L 72:72 Lycium barbarum L 56:72 Lycium barbarum L 56:72 Structural characterization of LbGp1 from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 1 52 theme % 136:136 arg1 content 121:127 a protein content 111:127 a protein content of 3.75% 111:136 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24767036 1 53 theme L 207:207 arg1 fruit 182:186 the fruit 178:186 the fruit of Lycium barbarum L 178:207 A water-soluble polysaccharide with a protein content of 3.75%, designated as LbGp1, was isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum L. 24678584 2 0 theme novel 108:112 arg1 B4-EPS 147:152 B4-EPS 147:152 B4-EPS 147:152 A novel exopolysaccharide (EPS), namely, B4-EPS, is produced by Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 2 0 theme novel 108:112 arg1 EPS 133:135 EPS 133:135 EPS 133:135 A novel exopolysaccharide (EPS), namely, B4-EPS, is produced by Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 2 0 theme novel 108:112 arg1 exopolysaccharide 114:130 A novel exopolysaccharide 106:130 A novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) 106:136 A novel exopolysaccharide (EPS), namely, B4-EPS, is produced by Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 11 1 theme 50 µg/mL 1191:1198 arg1 B4-EPS1 1200:1206 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1 1191:1206 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1 1191:1206 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 5 2 theme Plackett-Burman 318:332 arg1 PBD 342:344 PBD 342:344 PBD 342:344 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 2 theme Plackett-Burman 318:332 arg1 design 334:339 Plackett-Burman design 318:339 Plackett-Burman design (PBD) 318:345 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 0 3 theme exopolysaccharide 62:78 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 0 3 theme exopolysaccharide 62:78 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 0 3 theme exopolysaccharide 62:78 arg1 activity 42:49 antibiofilm activity 30:49 antibiofilm activity 30:49 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 11 4 theme B4-EPS1 1200:1206 arg1 presence 1179:1186 the presence 1175:1186 the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data 1175:1261 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 6 5 theme optimal 547:553 arg1 medium 555:560 the optimal medium 543:560 the optimal medium 543:560 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 11 6 theme About 1103:1107 arg1 PAO1 1153:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 6 theme About 1103:1107 arg1 % 1113:1113 86.1% 1109:1113 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 1103:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 6 theme About 1103:1107 arg1 formation 1126:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 7 7 theme predicted 780:788 arg1 value 790:794 the predicted value 776:794 the predicted value (8.52 g/L) 776:805 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 7 7 theme predicted 780:788 arg1 fermentation 736:747 batch fermentation 730:747 batch fermentation 730:747 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 7 7 theme predicted 780:788 arg1 8.52 g/L 797:804 8.52 g/L 797:804 8.52 g/L 797:804 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 0 8 theme Arthrobacter 85:96 arg1 sp 98:99 Arthrobacter sp 85:99 Arthrobacter sp 85:99 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 11 9 theme 86.1 1109:1112 arg1 PAO1 1153:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 9 theme 86.1 1109:1112 arg1 % 1113:1113 86.1% 1109:1113 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 1103:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 9 theme 86.1 1109:1112 arg1 formation 1126:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 7 10 theme batch 730:734 arg1 value 790:794 the predicted value 776:794 the predicted value (8.52 g/L) 776:805 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 7 10 theme batch 730:734 arg1 fermentation 736:747 batch fermentation 730:747 batch fermentation 730:747 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 12 11 theme strains 1323:1329 arg1 formation 1304:1312 biofilm formation 1296:1312 biofilm formation of other strains 1296:1329 Moreover, B4-EPS1 could prevent biofilm formation of other strains. 24678584 11 12 dep published 1248:1256 arg1 peer 1243:1246 peer 1243:1246 peer 1243:1246 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 13 13 theme promising 1374:1382 arg1 strategy 1384:1391 a promising strategy 1372:1391 a promising strategy to combat bacterial biofilms in the future 1372:1434 These data suggest B4-EPS may represent a promising strategy to combat bacterial biofilms in the future. 24678584 12 14 theme other 1317:1321 arg1 strains 1323:1329 other strains 1317:1329 other strains 1317:1329 Moreover, B4-EPS1 could prevent biofilm formation of other strains. 24678584 6 15 theme 5.32 g/L 625:632 arg1 KH2PO4 634:639 5.32 g/L KH2PO4 625:639 5.32 g/L KH2PO4 625:639 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 10 16 theme inhibitory 1001:1010 arg1 effect 1012:1017 a dose-dependent inhibitory effect 984:1017 a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 984:1069 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 4 17 theme fermentation 255:266 arg1 medium 268:273 the fermentation medium 251:273 the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production 251:306 Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production. 24678584 13 18 theme bacterial 1403:1411 arg1 biofilms 1413:1420 bacterial biofilms 1403:1420 bacterial biofilms 1403:1420 These data suggest B4-EPS may represent a promising strategy to combat bacterial biofilms in the future. 24678584 10 19 theme dose-dependent 986:999 arg1 effect 1012:1017 a dose-dependent inhibitory effect 984:1017 a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 984:1069 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 11 20 theme biofilm 1118:1124 arg1 formation 1126:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 9 21 theme main 870:873 arg1 B4-EPS1 897:903 B4-EPS1 897:903 B4-EPS1 897:903 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) was collected and applied to assay of antibiofilm activity. 24678584 9 21 theme main 870:873 arg1 fraction 887:894 The main homogeneous fraction 866:894 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) 866:904 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) was collected and applied to assay of antibiofilm activity. 24678584 10 22 theme Pseudomonas 1043:1053 arg1 PAO1 1066:1069 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1043:1069 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1043:1069 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 11 23 theme formation 1126:1134 arg1 PAO1 1153:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 23 theme formation 1126:1134 arg1 % 1113:1113 86.1% 1109:1113 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 1103:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 23 theme formation 1126:1134 arg1 formation 1126:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 5 24 theme significant 400:410 arg1 glucose 348:354 glucose 348:354 glucose 348:354 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 24 theme significant 400:410 arg1 variables 412:420 significant variables 400:420 significant variables 400:420 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 24 theme significant 400:410 arg1 KH2PO4 376:381 KH2PO4 376:381 KH2PO4 376:381 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 24 theme significant 400:410 arg1 extract 363:369 yeast extract 357:369 yeast extract 357:369 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 13 25 dep suggest 1343:1349 arg1 represent 1362:1370 represent 1362:1370 suggest B4-EPS may represent a promising strategy to combat bacterial biofilms in the future 1343:1434 These data suggest B4-EPS may represent a promising strategy to combat bacterial biofilms in the future. 24678584 6 26 theme canonical 523:531 arg1 analysis 533:540 canonical analysis 523:540 canonical analysis 523:540 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 6 27 theme yeast 606:610 arg1 extract 612:618 2.33 g/L yeast extract 597:618 2.33 g/L yeast extract 597:618 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 11 28 theme PAO1 1153:1156 arg1 PAO1 1153:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 28 theme PAO1 1153:1156 arg1 % 1113:1113 86.1% 1109:1113 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 1103:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 11 28 theme PAO1 1153:1156 arg1 formation 1126:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 biofilm formation 1118:1134 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 6 29 theme 2.33 g/L 597:604 arg1 extract 612:618 2.33 g/L yeast extract 597:618 2.33 g/L yeast extract 597:618 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 4 30 theme B4-EPS 290:295 arg1 production 297:306 B4-EPS production 290:306 B4-EPS production 290:306 Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production. 24678584 0 31 theme antibiofilm 30:40 arg1 activity 42:49 antibiofilm activity 30:49 antibiofilm activity 30:49 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 10 32 theme biofilm 1022:1028 arg1 formation 1030:1038 biofilm formation 1022:1038 biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1022:1069 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 9 33 theme antibiofilm 944:954 arg1 activity 956:963 antibiofilm activity 944:963 antibiofilm activity 944:963 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) was collected and applied to assay of antibiofilm activity. 24678584 7 34 theme fermentation 736:747 arg1 72 hr 721:725 72 hr 721:725 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L) 721:805 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 12 35 theme biofilm 1296:1302 arg1 formation 1304:1312 biofilm formation 1296:1312 biofilm formation of other strains 1296:1329 Moreover, B4-EPS1 could prevent biofilm formation of other strains. 24678584 6 36 theme response 502:509 arg1 surface 511:517 response surface 502:517 response surface 502:517 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 10 37 theme antibacterial 1079:1091 arg1 activity 1093:1100 antibacterial activity 1079:1100 antibacterial activity 1079:1100 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 11 38 theme P. 1139:1140 arg1 PAO1 1153:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 P. aeruginosa PAO1 1139:1156 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 9 39 theme homogeneous 875:885 arg1 B4-EPS1 897:903 B4-EPS1 897:903 B4-EPS1 897:903 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) was collected and applied to assay of antibiofilm activity. 24678584 9 39 theme homogeneous 875:885 arg1 fraction 887:894 The main homogeneous fraction 866:894 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) 866:904 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) was collected and applied to assay of antibiofilm activity. 24678584 11 40 theme published 1248:1256 arg1 data 1258:1261 the peer published data 1239:1261 the peer published data 1239:1261 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 10 41 dep Pseudomonas 1043:1053 arg1 aeruginosa 1055:1064 aeruginosa 1055:1064 aeruginosa 1055:1064 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 10 42 from effect 1012:1017 arg1 formation 1030:1038 biofilm formation 1022:1038 biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1022:1069 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 10 43 theme PAO1 1066:1069 arg1 formation 1030:1038 biofilm formation 1022:1038 biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 1022:1069 B4-EPS1 exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 without antibacterial activity. 24678584 2 44 theme Arthrobacter 170:181 arg1 sp 183:184 Arthrobacter sp 170:184 Arthrobacter sp 170:184 A novel exopolysaccharide (EPS), namely, B4-EPS, is produced by Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 4 45 theme surface 200:206 arg1 RSM 221:223 RSM 221:223 RSM 221:223 Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production. 24678584 4 45 theme surface 200:206 arg1 methodology 208:218 Response surface methodology 191:218 Response surface methodology (RSM) 191:224 Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production. 24678584 7 46 theme B4-EPS 685:690 arg1 yield 676:680 the maximum yield 664:680 the maximum yield of B4-EPS 664:690 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 4 47 theme Response 191:198 arg1 RSM 221:223 RSM 221:223 RSM 221:223 Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production. 24678584 4 47 theme Response 191:198 arg1 methodology 208:218 Response surface methodology 191:218 Response surface methodology (RSM) 191:224 Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the fermentation medium for increasing B4-EPS production. 24678584 7 48 theme maximum 668:674 arg1 yield 676:680 the maximum yield 664:680 the maximum yield of B4-EPS 664:690 Under this condition, the maximum yield of B4-EPS reached about 8.54 g/L after 72 hr of batch fermentation, which was pretty close to the predicted value (8.52 g/L). 24678584 0 49 from sp 98:99 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 0 49 from sp 98:99 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 0 49 from sp 98:99 arg1 activity 42:49 antibiofilm activity 30:49 antibiofilm activity 30:49 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 8 50 theme column 843:848 arg1 chromatography 850:863 column chromatography 843:863 column chromatography 843:863 Furthermore, B4-EPS was refined by column chromatography. 24678584 0 51 theme novel 56:60 arg1 exopolysaccharide 62:78 a novel exopolysaccharide 54:78 a novel exopolysaccharide 54:78 Production, purification, and antibiofilm activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Arthrobacter sp. 24678584 9 52 theme activity 956:963 arg1 assay 935:939 assay 935:939 assay of antibiofilm activity 935:963 The main homogeneous fraction (B4-EPS1) was collected and applied to assay of antibiofilm activity. 24678584 5 53 theme central 457:463 arg1 CCD 483:485 CCD 483:485 CCD 483:485 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 53 theme central 457:463 arg1 design 475:480 a central composite design 455:480 a central composite design (CCD) 455:486 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 6 54 theme 16.94 g/L 578:586 arg1 glucose 588:594 16.94 g/L glucose 578:594 16.94 g/L glucose 578:594 According to response surface and canonical analysis, the optimal medium was composed of 16.94 g/L glucose, 2.33 g/L yeast extract, and 5.32 g/L KH2PO4. 24678584 11 55 dep P. 1139:1140 arg1 aeruginosa 1142:1151 aeruginosa 1142:1151 aeruginosa 1142:1151 About 86.1% of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inhibited in the presence of 50 µg/mL B4-EPS1, which was more effective than the peer published data. 24678584 5 56 theme composite 465:473 arg1 CCD 483:485 CCD 483:485 CCD 483:485 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 56 theme composite 465:473 arg1 design 475:480 a central composite design 455:480 a central composite design (CCD) 455:486 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 57 theme yeast 357:361 arg1 glucose 348:354 glucose 348:354 glucose 348:354 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 57 theme yeast 357:361 arg1 extract 363:369 yeast extract 357:369 yeast extract 357:369 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 57 theme yeast 357:361 arg1 KH2PO4 376:381 KH2PO4 376:381 KH2PO4 376:381 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24678584 5 57 theme yeast 357:361 arg1 variables 412:420 significant variables 400:420 significant variables 400:420 Based on Plackett-Burman design (PBD), glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were selected as significant variables, which were further optimized by a central composite design (CCD). 24841506 4 0 theme conversion 703:712 arg1 factors 714:720 conversion factors 703:720 conversion factors 703:720 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 1 1 theme non-commelinid 241:254 arg1 biomass 270:276 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 241:276 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 241:276 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 0 2 theme detergent 70:78 arg1 fiber 80:84 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 66:110 fiber 80:84 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 0 3 from carbohydrates 11:23 arg1 biomass 36:42 a plant biomass 28:42 a plant biomass 28:42 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 1 4 theme dietary 149:155 arg1 fiber 157:161 dietary fiber 149:161 dietary fiber 149:161 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 1 5 theme magnoliophyta 256:268 arg1 biomass 270:276 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 241:276 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 241:276 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 0 6 theme dietary 90:96 arg1 methods 104:110 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 66:110 methods 104:110 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 4 7 theme xylan 783:787 arg1 contents 789:796 the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents 749:796 the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents 749:796 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 4 8 theme good 677:680 arg1 correlations 689:700 the good linear correlations 673:700 the good linear correlations 673:700 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 1 9 theme biomass 270:276 arg1 contents 214:221 the cellulose and hemicellulose contents 182:221 contents 214:221 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 3 10 theme dietary 367:373 arg1 method 381:386 the more accurate dietary fiber method 349:386 the more accurate dietary fiber method 349:386 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 4 11 dep analyses 860:867 arg1 basis 851:855 basis 851:855 basis 851:855 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 4 11 dep analyses 860:867 arg1 the 847:849 the 847:849 the 847:849 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 2 12 theme linear 286:291 arg1 correlation 293:303 A good linear correlation 279:303 A good linear correlation 279:303 A good linear correlation was found between both methods. 24841506 3 13 dep overestimates 533:545 arg1 compared 495:502 compared 495:502 compared to the dietary fiber method 495:530 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 3 14 theme detergent 468:476 arg1 method 484:489 the detergent fiber method 464:489 the detergent fiber method 464:489 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 2 15 theme good 281:284 arg1 correlation 293:303 A good linear correlation 279:303 A good linear correlation 279:303 A good linear correlation was found between both methods. 24841506 1 16 theme fiber 157:161 arg1 methods 163:169 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 125:169 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 125:169 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 0 17 theme fiber 98:102 arg1 methods 104:110 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 66:110 methods 104:110 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 5 18 theme hemicellulosic 1088:1101 arg1 glucan 1103:1108 hemicellulosic glucan 1088:1108 hemicellulosic glucan 1088:1108 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 18 theme hemicellulosic 1088:1101 arg1 hemicelluloses 1055:1068 the hemicelluloses 1051:1068 the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan) 1051:1131 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 19 theme dietary 968:974 arg1 method 982:987 the dietary fiber method 964:987 the dietary fiber method 964:987 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 3 20 theme cellulose 445:453 arg1 content 434:440 the content 430:440 the content of cellulose 430:453 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 4 21 theme fiber 936:940 arg1 method 942:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 0 22 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 carbohydrates 11:23 Structural carbohydrates 0:23 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 0:111 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 3 23 theme hemicellulose 570:582 arg1 content 584:590 the hemicellulose content 566:590 the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively 566:659 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 3 24 from content 584:590 arg1 commelinid 595:604 commelinid 595:604 commelinid 595:604 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 3 24 from content 584:590 arg1 biomass 639:645 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 610:645 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 610:645 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 4 25 theme linear 682:687 arg1 correlations 689:700 the good linear correlations 673:700 the good linear correlations 673:700 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 3 26 theme fiber 375:379 arg1 method 381:386 the more accurate dietary fiber method 349:386 the more accurate dietary fiber method 349:386 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 3 27 theme non-commelinid 610:623 arg1 biomass 639:645 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 610:645 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 610:645 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 4 28 theme cellulose 753:761 arg1 contents 789:796 the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents 749:796 the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents 749:796 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 3 29 theme fiber 519:523 arg1 method 525:530 the dietary fiber method 507:530 the dietary fiber method 507:530 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 5 30 theme hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 composition 1036:1046 the detailed composition 1023:1046 the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan) 1023:1131 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 4 31 theme hemicellulose 764:776 arg1 contents 789:796 the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents 749:796 the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents 749:796 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 1 32 theme cellulose 186:194 arg1 contents 214:221 the cellulose and hemicellulose contents 182:221 contents 214:221 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 4 33 theme practiced 916:924 arg1 method 942:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 4 34 theme fiber 830:834 arg1 method 836:841 the dietary fiber method 818:841 the dietary fiber method 818:841 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 0 35 theme plant 30:34 arg1 biomass 36:42 a plant biomass 28:42 a plant biomass 28:42 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 5 36 theme biorefining 1162:1172 arg1 purposes 1174:1181 biorefining purposes 1162:1181 biorefining purposes 1162:1181 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 4 37 theme dietary 822:828 arg1 method 836:841 the dietary fiber method 818:841 the dietary fiber method 818:841 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 1 38 theme hemicellulose 200:212 arg1 contents 214:221 the cellulose and hemicellulose contents 182:221 contents 214:221 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 3 39 theme detergent 393:401 arg1 method 409:414 the detergent fiber method 389:414 the detergent fiber method 389:414 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 3 40 theme accurate 358:365 arg1 method 381:386 the more accurate dietary fiber method 349:386 the more accurate dietary fiber method 349:386 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 3 41 theme fiber 403:407 arg1 method 409:414 the detergent fiber method 389:414 the detergent fiber method 389:414 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 4 42 theme faster 881:886 arg1 method 942:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 5 43 theme detailed 1027:1034 arg1 composition 1036:1046 the detailed composition 1023:1046 the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan) 1023:1131 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 44 theme fiber 976:980 arg1 method 982:987 the dietary fiber method 964:987 the dietary fiber method 964:987 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 3 45 theme fiber 478:482 arg1 method 484:489 the detergent fiber method 464:489 the detergent fiber method 464:489 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 4 46 theme cheaper 889:895 arg1 method 942:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24841506 5 47 dep hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 galactan 1111:1118 galactan 1111:1118 galactan 1111:1118 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 47 dep hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 arabinan 1078:1085 arabinan 1078:1085 arabinan 1078:1085 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 47 dep hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 mannan 1125:1130 mannan 1125:1130 mannan 1125:1130 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 47 dep hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 glucan 1103:1108 hemicellulosic glucan 1088:1108 hemicellulosic glucan 1088:1108 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 47 dep hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 hemicelluloses 1055:1068 the hemicelluloses 1051:1068 the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan) 1051:1131 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 5 47 dep hemicelluloses 1055:1068 arg1 xylan 1071:1075 xylan 1071:1075 xylan 1071:1075 Nevertheless, the dietary fiber method offers the advantage of providing the detailed composition of the hemicelluloses (xylan, arabinan, hemicellulosic glucan, galactan, and mannan), and that is of interest for biorefining purposes. 24841506 3 48 theme dietary 511:517 arg1 method 525:530 the dietary fiber method 507:530 the dietary fiber method 507:530 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 0 49 dep carbohydrates 11:23 arg1 correlations 45:56 correlations 45:56 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 0:111 Structural carbohydrates in a plant biomass: correlations between the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods. 24841506 1 50 theme detergent 129:137 arg1 fiber 139:143 detergent fiber 129:143 detergent fiber 129:143 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 1 51 theme commelinid 226:235 arg1 contents 214:221 the cellulose and hemicellulose contents 182:221 contents 214:221 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 3 52 theme magnoliophyta 625:637 arg1 biomass 639:645 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 610:645 non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass 610:645 Compared to the more accurate dietary fiber method, the detergent fiber method overestimates the content of cellulose, whereas the detergent fiber method, as compared to the dietary fiber method, overestimates and underestimates the hemicellulose content in commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass, respectively. 24841506 1 53 theme fiber 139:143 arg1 methods 163:169 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 125:169 the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods 125:169 We compared the detergent fiber and dietary fiber methods to analyze the cellulose and hemicellulose contents of commelinid and non-commelinid magnoliophyta biomass. 24841506 4 54 theme detergent 926:934 arg1 method 942:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method 877:947 Because of the good linear correlations, conversion factors were determined to predict the cellulose, hemicellulose, and xylan contents to be expected from the dietary fiber method, on the basis of analyses made by the faster, cheaper, and more commonly practiced detergent fiber method. 24274509 1 0 dep % 270:270 arg1 1.99 266:269 1.99 266:269 1.99 266:269 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 1 0 dep % 270:270 arg1 % 260:260 % 260:260 % 260:260 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 7 1 theme monosugars 1086:1095 arg1 analysis 1130:1137 co-relation analysis 1118:1137 co-relation analysis of uronic acid content 1118:1160 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 7 1 theme monosugars 1086:1095 arg1 composition 1059:1069 composition 1059:1069 composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP 1059:1112 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 5 2 theme GLC 854:856 arg1 analyses 858:865 GLC analyses 854:865 GLC analyses 854:865 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 0 3 theme acids 78:82 arg1 monosugars 32:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 0 3 theme acids 78:82 arg1 analysis 59:66 correlation analysis 47:66 correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC 47:120 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 3 4 theme uronic 593:598 arg1 content 605:611 The uronic acid content 589:611 The uronic acid content in the polysaccharide 589:633 The uronic acid content in the polysaccharide has been studied extensively using assorted approaches. 24274509 5 5 from content 895:901 arg1 HWSP 934:937 HWSP 934:937 HWSP 934:937 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 5 5 from content 895:901 arg1 CWSP 925:928 CWSP 925:928 CWSP 925:928 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 1 6 theme hot 153:155 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides 153:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia 153:218 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 1 6 theme hot 153:155 arg1 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 0 7 from Studies 0:6 arg1 monosugars 32:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 0 7 from Studies 0:6 arg1 analysis 59:66 correlation analysis 47:66 correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC 47:120 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 4 8 theme colorimetric 831:842 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenol 809:826 3,5-dimethylphenol 809:826 3,5-dimethylphenol 809:826 It was quantitatively estimated by GLC analysis and spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3,5-dimethylphenol as colorimetric reagents. 24274509 4 8 theme colorimetric 831:842 arg1 reagents 844:851 colorimetric reagents 831:851 colorimetric reagents 831:851 It was quantitatively estimated by GLC analysis and spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3,5-dimethylphenol as colorimetric reagents. 24274509 4 8 theme colorimetric 831:842 arg1 m-hydroxydiphenyl 787:803 m-hydroxydiphenyl 787:803 m-hydroxydiphenyl 787:803 It was quantitatively estimated by GLC analysis and spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3,5-dimethylphenol as colorimetric reagents. 24274509 4 8 theme colorimetric 831:842 arg1 carbazole 776:784 carbazole 776:784 carbazole 776:784 It was quantitatively estimated by GLC analysis and spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3,5-dimethylphenol as colorimetric reagents. 24274509 1 9 dep water-soluble 128:140 arg1 stems 220:224 stems 220:224 stems 220:224 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 0 10 theme spectrophotometric 87:104 arg1 methods 106:112 spectrophotometric methods 87:112 spectrophotometric methods 87:112 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 7 11 theme constituent 1074:1084 arg1 monosugars 1086:1095 constituent monosugars 1074:1095 constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP 1074:1112 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 5 12 theme % 920:920 arg1 content 895:901 galacturonic acid content 877:901 galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP 877:937 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 7 13 theme acid 1149:1152 arg1 content 1154:1160 uronic acid content 1142:1160 uronic acid content 1142:1160 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 2 14 from 0.292 563:567 arg1 HWSP 583:586 HWSP 583:586 HWSP 583:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 1 15 theme water 157:161 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides 153:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia 153:218 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 1 15 theme water 157:161 arg1 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 0 16 theme correlation 47:57 arg1 analysis 59:66 correlation analysis 47:66 correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC 47:120 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 1 17 dep yield 272:276 arg1 % 270:270 % 270:270 % 270:270 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 7 18 theme uronic 1142:1147 arg1 content 1154:1160 uronic acid content 1142:1160 uronic acid content 1142:1160 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 1 19 theme soluble 163:169 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides 153:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia 153:218 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 1 19 theme soluble 163:169 arg1 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 2 20 theme molar 463:467 arg1 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 20 theme molar 463:467 arg1 ratio 469:473 molar ratio 463:473 molar ratio of 0.857 463:482 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 20 theme molar 463:467 arg1 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 21 theme 0.857 478:482 arg1 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 21 theme 0.857 478:482 arg1 ratio 469:473 molar ratio 463:473 molar ratio of 0.857 463:482 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 21 theme 0.857 478:482 arg1 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 22 theme Complete 292:299 arg1 hydrolysis 301:310 Complete hydrolysis 292:310 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis 292:360 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 3 23 theme acid 600:603 arg1 content 605:611 The uronic acid content 589:611 The uronic acid content in the polysaccharide 589:633 The uronic acid content in the polysaccharide has been studied extensively using assorted approaches. 24274509 2 24 theme D-mannose 423:431 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP 372:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 25 from 1.106 485:489 arg1 0.697 535:539 0.697 535:539 0.697 535:539 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 25 from 1.106 485:489 arg1 CWSP 526:529 CWSP 526:529 CWSP 526:529 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 6 26 theme above 1021:1025 arg1 analysis 1027:1034 the above analysis 1017:1034 the above analysis 1017:1034 Estimation of uronic acid using 3,5-dimethylphenol corroborated the above analysis. 24274509 0 27 theme cordifolia 21:30 arg1 monosugars 32:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 3 28 theme assorted 670:677 arg1 approaches 679:688 assorted approaches 670:688 assorted approaches 670:688 The uronic acid content in the polysaccharide has been studied extensively using assorted approaches. 24274509 5 29 theme % 910:910 arg1 content 895:901 galacturonic acid content 877:901 galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP 877:937 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 2 30 theme D-xylose 413:420 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP 372:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 31 theme L-arabinose 400:410 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP 372:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 7 32 theme HWSP 1109:1112 arg1 monosugars 1086:1095 constituent monosugars 1074:1095 constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP 1074:1112 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 2 33 theme D-glucose 450:458 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP 372:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 7 34 theme co-relation 1118:1128 arg1 analysis 1130:1137 co-relation analysis 1118:1137 co-relation analysis of uronic acid content 1118:1160 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 2 35 theme L-rhamnose 388:397 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP 372:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 3 36 from content 605:611 arg1 polysaccharide 620:633 the polysaccharide 616:633 the polysaccharide 616:633 The uronic acid content in the polysaccharide has been studied extensively using assorted approaches. 24274509 7 37 theme unambiguous 1177:1187 arg1 analysis 1200:1207 an unambiguous structural analysis 1174:1207 an unambiguous structural analysis 1174:1207 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 7 38 theme structural 1189:1198 arg1 analysis 1200:1207 an unambiguous structural analysis 1174:1207 an unambiguous structural analysis 1174:1207 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 1 39 from Tinospora 199:207 arg1 polysaccharides 171:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides 153:185 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia 153:218 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 1 39 from Tinospora 199:207 arg1 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 HWSP 188:191 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 2 40 theme paper 324:328 arg1 chromatography 330:343 paper chromatography 324:343 paper chromatography 324:343 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 41 theme D-galactose 434:444 arg1 presence 376:383 the presence 372:383 the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP 372:586 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 7 42 theme content 1154:1160 arg1 analysis 1130:1137 co-relation analysis 1118:1137 co-relation analysis of uronic acid content 1118:1160 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 7 42 theme content 1154:1160 arg1 composition 1059:1069 composition 1059:1069 composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP 1059:1112 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg1 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg2 L-arabinose 400:410 L-arabinose 400:410 L-arabinose 400:410 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg2 D-galactose 434:444 D-galactose 434:444 D-galactose 434:444 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg1 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg2 D-glucose 450:458 D-glucose 450:458 D-glucose 450:458 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg1 ratio 469:473 molar ratio 463:473 molar ratio of 0.857 463:482 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg2 D-xylose 413:420 D-xylose 413:420 D-xylose 413:420 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg2 L-rhamnose 388:397 L-rhamnose 388:397 L-rhamnose 388:397 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 43 attach presence 376:383 arg2 D-mannose 423:431 D-mannose 423:431 D-mannose 423:431 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 4 44 theme spectrophotometric 743:760 arg1 methods 762:768 spectrophotometric methods 743:768 spectrophotometric methods 743:768 It was quantitatively estimated by GLC analysis and spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3,5-dimethylphenol as colorimetric reagents. 24274509 5 45 theme galacturonic 877:888 arg1 content 895:901 galacturonic acid content 877:901 galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP 877:937 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 2 46 from presence 376:383 arg1 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 95.763 516:521 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 46 from presence 376:383 arg1 ratio 469:473 molar ratio 463:473 molar ratio of 0.857 463:482 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 2 46 from presence 376:383 arg1 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 1.106 485:489 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 24274509 5 47 theme acid 890:893 arg1 content 895:901 galacturonic acid content 877:901 galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP 877:937 GLC analyses indicated galacturonic acid content of 3.06% and 5.16% in CWSP and HWSP respectively. 24274509 6 48 theme acid 974:977 arg1 Estimation 953:962 Estimation 953:962 Estimation of uronic acid using 3,5-dimethylphenol 953:1002 Estimation of uronic acid using 3,5-dimethylphenol corroborated the above analysis. 24274509 1 49 dep Tinospora 199:207 arg1 cordifolia 209:218 Tinospora cordifolia 199:218 Tinospora cordifolia 199:218 Cold water-soluble (CWSP) and hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSP) from Tinospora cordifolia stems were isolated and purified in 2.99% and 1.99% yield respectively. 24274509 6 50 theme uronic 967:972 arg1 acid 974:977 uronic acid 967:977 uronic acid using 3,5-dimethylphenol 967:1002 Estimation of uronic acid using 3,5-dimethylphenol corroborated the above analysis. 24274509 0 51 theme uronic 71:76 arg1 acids 78:82 uronic acids 71:82 uronic acids 71:82 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 4 52 theme GLC 726:728 arg1 analysis 730:737 GLC analysis 726:737 GLC analysis 726:737 It was quantitatively estimated by GLC analysis and spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3,5-dimethylphenol as colorimetric reagents. 24274509 7 53 theme CWSP 1100:1103 arg1 monosugars 1086:1095 constituent monosugars 1074:1095 constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP 1074:1112 The study resulted in composition of constituent monosugars of CWSP and HWSP and co-relation analysis of uronic acid content, leading to an unambiguous structural analysis. 24274509 0 54 theme Tinospora 11:19 arg1 monosugars 32:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Tinospora cordifolia monosugars 11:41 Studies on Tinospora cordifolia monosugars and correlation analysis of uronic acids by spectrophotometric methods and GLC. 24274509 2 55 theme GLC 349:351 arg1 analysis 353:360 GLC analysis 349:360 GLC analysis 349:360 Complete hydrolysis followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose in molar ratio of 0.857, 1.106, 0.727, 0.526, 0.708 and 95.763 in CWSP and 0.697, 0.777, 2.048, 0.777, 0.292 and 95.408 in HWSP. 27603569 5 0 theme content 563:569 arg1 value 403:407 the nutritional value 387:407 the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 387:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 2 1 theme nutrition-rich 119:132 arg1 fungi 151:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 2 1 theme nutrition-rich 119:132 arg1 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 3 2 theme composition 226:236 arg1 aim 162:164 The aim 158:164 The aim of this study 158:178 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 3 2 theme composition 226:236 arg1 investigation 200:212 a comprehensive investigation 184:212 a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 184:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 5 3 theme total 499:503 arg1 sterols 505:511 total sterols 499:511 total sterols 499:511 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 9 4 theme lipids 1155:1160 arg1 content 1144:1150 higher content 1137:1150 higher content of lipids and polyphenolics 1137:1178 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 5 5 theme compounds 553:561 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 6 theme different 620:628 arg1 Italy 680:684 Italy 680:684 Italy 680:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 6 theme different 620:628 arg1 regions 643:649 three different geographical regions 614:649 three different geographical regions 614:649 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 6 theme different 620:628 arg1 Slovakia 666:673 Slovakia 666:673 Slovakia 666:673 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 7 theme nutritional 391:401 arg1 value 403:407 the nutritional value 387:407 the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 387:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 2 8 theme prized 108:113 arg1 fungi 151:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 2 8 theme prized 108:113 arg1 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 7 9 theme similar 937:943 arg1 content 945:951 nearly similar content 930:951 nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides 930:995 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 3 10 theme study 174:178 arg1 aim 162:164 The aim 158:164 The aim of this study 158:178 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 3 10 theme study 174:178 arg1 investigation 200:212 a comprehensive investigation 184:212 a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 184:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 8 11 theme fruiting 1002:1009 arg1 bodies 1011:1016 The fruiting bodies 998:1016 The fruiting bodies from Italy 998:1027 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 3 12 theme chemical 217:224 arg1 composition 226:236 chemical composition 217:236 chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 217:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 5 13 from value 403:407 arg1 bodies 580:585 fruit bodies 574:585 fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 574:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 10 14 theme compounds 1254:1262 arg1 composition 1264:1274 volatile compounds composition 1245:1274 volatile compounds composition 1245:1274 We have found higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens than those of Polish and Slovak origin. 27603569 10 15 theme composition 1264:1274 arg1 similarity 1231:1240 higher similarity 1224:1240 higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens 1224:1311 We have found higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens than those of Polish and Slovak origin. 27603569 5 16 theme fruit 574:578 arg1 bodies 580:585 fruit bodies 574:585 fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 574:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 1 17 theme Different 64:72 arg1 Origin 87:92 Different Geographical Origin 64:92 Different Geographical Origin 64:92 of Different Geographical Origin. 27603569 5 18 theme saccharides 459:469 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 0 19 theme aestivum 44:51 arg1 Vittad 53:58 Tuber aestivum Vittad 38:58 Tuber aestivum Vittad 38:58 Comparison of Chemical Composition in Tuber aestivum Vittad. 27603569 9 20 theme Polish 1116:1121 arg1 specimens 1123:1131 Polish specimens 1116:1131 Polish specimens 1116:1131 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 3 21 theme Tuber 259:263 arg1 Vittad 274:279 Tuber aestivum Vittad. 259:280 Tuber aestivum Vittad. 259:280 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 3 21 theme Tuber 259:263 arg1 Burgundy 241:248 Burgundy truffle 241:256 Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 241:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 4 22 theme environment 343:353 arg1 what 317:320 what 317:320 what 317:320 We tried to answer the question: what is the impact of the environment on the truffle quality. 27603569 4 22 theme environment 343:353 arg1 impact 329:334 the impact 325:334 the impact of the environment on the truffle quality 325:376 We tried to answer the question: what is the impact of the environment on the truffle quality. 27603569 1 23 theme Geographical 74:85 arg1 Origin 87:92 Different Geographical Origin 64:92 Different Geographical Origin 64:92 of Different Geographical Origin. 27603569 8 24 contain contained 1029:1037 arg2 compounds 1096:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 24 contain contained 1029:1037 arg2 most 1071:1074 most 1071:1074 most 1071:1074 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 24 contain contained 1029:1037 arg1 bodies 1011:1016 The fruiting bodies 998:1016 The fruiting bodies from Italy 998:1027 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 24 contain contained 1029:1037 arg2 amounts 1060:1066 significantly larger amounts 1039:1066 significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds 1039:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 7 25 theme fruit 867:871 arg1 bodies 873:878 fruit bodies 867:878 fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia 867:918 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 2 26 theme hypogeous 141:149 arg1 fungi 151:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 2 26 theme hypogeous 141:149 arg1 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 3 27 theme Burgundy 241:248 arg1 composition 226:236 chemical composition 217:236 chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 217:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 5 28 theme flavour 535:541 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 29 theme polyphenolics 472:484 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 10 30 dep Polish 1284:1289 arg1 specimens 1303:1311 specimens 1303:1311 specimens 1303:1311 We have found higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens than those of Polish and Slovak origin. 27603569 3 31 theme truffle 250:256 arg1 Vittad 274:279 Tuber aestivum Vittad. 259:280 Tuber aestivum Vittad. 259:280 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 3 31 theme truffle 250:256 arg1 Burgundy 241:248 Burgundy truffle 241:256 Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 241:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 6 32 theme mentioned 713:721 arg1 compounds 723:731 the above mentioned compounds 703:731 the above mentioned compounds 703:731 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 9 33 theme polyphenolics 1166:1178 arg1 content 1144:1150 higher content 1137:1150 higher content of lipids and polyphenolics 1137:1178 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 9 34 theme Italian 1196:1202 arg1 ones 1204:1207 Slovak and Italian ones 1185:1207 ones 1204:1207 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 0 35 theme Composition 23:33 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of Chemical Composition in Tuber aestivum Vittad. 0:59 Comparison of Chemical Composition in Tuber aestivum Vittad. 27603569 7 36 theme T. aestivum 883:893 arg1 bodies 873:878 fruit bodies 867:878 fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia 867:918 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 8 37 theme larger 1053:1058 arg1 amounts 1060:1066 significantly larger amounts 1039:1066 significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds 1039:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 37 theme larger 1053:1058 arg1 compounds 1096:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 37 theme larger 1053:1058 arg1 most 1071:1074 most 1071:1074 most 1071:1074 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 5 38 theme aroma 547:551 arg1 compounds 553:561 aroma compounds 547:561 aroma compounds 547:561 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 9 39 theme higher 1137:1142 arg1 content 1144:1150 higher content 1137:1150 higher content of lipids and polyphenolics 1137:1178 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 0 40 theme Chemical 14:21 arg1 Composition 23:33 Chemical Composition 14:33 Chemical Composition 14:33 Comparison of Chemical Composition in Tuber aestivum Vittad. 27603569 5 41 from bodies 580:585 arg1 value 403:407 the nutritional value 387:407 the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 387:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 7 42 theme total 966:970 arg1 sterols 972:978 total sterols 966:978 total sterols 966:978 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 6 43 theme geographical 823:834 arg1 regions 836:842 the studied geographical regions 811:842 the studied geographical regions 811:842 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 5 44 from content 563:569 arg1 bodies 580:585 fruit bodies 574:585 fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 574:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 0 45 theme Tuber 38:42 arg1 Vittad 53:58 Tuber aestivum Vittad 38:58 Tuber aestivum Vittad 38:58 Comparison of Chemical Composition in Tuber aestivum Vittad. 27603569 10 46 theme volatile 1245:1252 arg1 composition 1264:1274 volatile compounds composition 1245:1274 volatile compounds composition 1245:1274 We have found higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens than those of Polish and Slovak origin. 27603569 3 47 theme aestivum 265:272 arg1 Vittad 274:279 Tuber aestivum Vittad. 259:280 Tuber aestivum Vittad. 259:280 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 3 47 theme aestivum 265:272 arg1 Burgundy 241:248 Burgundy truffle 241:256 Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 241:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 6 48 theme studied 815:821 arg1 regions 836:842 the studied geographical regions 811:842 the studied geographical regions 811:842 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 5 49 theme proteins 449:456 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 9 50 contain had 1133:1135 arg1 specimens 1123:1131 Polish specimens 1116:1131 Polish specimens 1116:1131 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 9 50 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 content 1144:1150 higher content 1137:1150 higher content of lipids and polyphenolics 1137:1178 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 5 51 theme volatile 526:533 arg1 flavour 535:541 volatile flavour 526:541 volatile flavour 526:541 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 4 52 from impact 329:334 arg1 quality 370:376 the truffle quality 358:376 the truffle quality 358:376 We tried to answer the question: what is the impact of the environment on the truffle quality. 27603569 5 53 theme sterols 505:511 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 54 dep regions 643:649 arg1 i.e. 652:655 three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 614:684 i.e. 652:655 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 8 55 from Italy 1023:1027 arg1 bodies 1011:1016 The fruiting bodies 998:1016 The fruiting bodies from Italy 998:1027 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 5 56 theme geographical 630:641 arg1 Italy 680:684 Italy 680:684 Italy 680:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 56 theme geographical 630:641 arg1 regions 643:649 three different geographical regions 614:649 three different geographical regions 614:649 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 56 theme geographical 630:641 arg1 Slovakia 666:673 Slovakia 666:673 Slovakia 666:673 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 8 57 theme investigated 1083:1094 arg1 compounds 1096:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 0 58 from Comparison 0:9 arg1 Vittad 53:58 Tuber aestivum Vittad 38:58 Tuber aestivum Vittad 38:58 Comparison of Chemical Composition in Tuber aestivum Vittad. 27603569 8 59 theme most 1071:1074 arg1 amounts 1060:1066 significantly larger amounts 1039:1066 significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds 1039:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 59 theme most 1071:1074 arg1 compounds 1096:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 the investigated compounds 1079:1104 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 8 59 theme most 1071:1074 arg1 most 1071:1074 most 1071:1074 most 1071:1074 The fruiting bodies from Italy contained significantly larger amounts of most of the investigated compounds. 27603569 6 60 theme climatic 784:791 arg1 differences 793:803 environmental and climatic differences 766:803 environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions 766:842 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 5 61 theme ergosterol 514:523 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 5 62 theme fungus 594:599 arg1 bodies 580:585 fruit bodies 574:585 fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 574:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 6 63 theme above 707:711 arg1 compounds 723:731 the above mentioned compounds 703:731 the above mentioned compounds 703:731 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 7 64 theme saccharides 985:995 arg1 content 945:951 nearly similar content 930:951 nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides 930:995 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 3 65 theme comprehensive 186:198 arg1 aim 162:164 The aim 158:164 The aim of this study 158:178 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 3 65 theme comprehensive 186:198 arg1 investigation 200:212 a comprehensive investigation 184:212 a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 184:281 The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of chemical composition of Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 27603569 4 66 theme truffle 362:368 arg1 quality 370:376 the truffle quality 358:376 the truffle quality 358:376 We tried to answer the question: what is the impact of the environment on the truffle quality. 27603569 7 67 from Poland 900:905 arg1 bodies 873:878 fruit bodies 867:878 fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia 867:918 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 5 68 theme Burgundy 412:419 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 7 69 theme sterols 972:978 arg1 content 945:951 nearly similar content 930:951 nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides 930:995 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 9 70 theme Slovak 1185:1190 arg1 ones 1204:1207 Slovak and Italian ones 1185:1207 ones 1204:1207 In turn, Polish specimens had higher content of lipids and polyphenolics than Slovak and Italian ones. 27603569 7 71 theme proteins 956:963 arg1 content 945:951 nearly similar content 930:951 nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides 930:995 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 5 72 theme truffle 421:427 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 6 73 theme environmental 766:778 arg1 differences 793:803 environmental and climatic differences 766:803 environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions 766:842 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 7 74 contain possessed 920:928 arg2 content 945:951 nearly similar content 930:951 nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides 930:995 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 7 74 contain possessed 920:928 arg1 bodies 873:878 fruit bodies 867:878 fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia 867:918 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 5 75 theme flavonoids 487:496 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 7 76 from Slovakia 911:918 arg1 bodies 873:878 fruit bodies 867:878 fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia 867:918 Results revealed that fruit bodies of T. aestivum from Poland and Slovakia possessed nearly similar content of proteins, total sterols, and saccharides. 27603569 5 77 theme we 429:430 arg1 content 563:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content 412:569 Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy 412:684 To know the nutritional value of Burgundy truffle we compared lipids, proteins, saccharides, polyphenolics, flavonoids, total sterols, ergosterol, volatile flavour and aroma compounds content in fruit bodies of the fungus collected in three different geographical regions, i.e., Poland, Slovakia, and Italy. 27603569 6 78 theme compounds 723:731 arg1 comparison 689:698 A comparison 687:698 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds 687:731 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 6 78 theme compounds 723:731 arg1 interesting 747:757 interesting 747:757 interesting 747:757 A comparison of the above mentioned compounds is especially interesting due to environmental and climatic differences among the studied geographical regions. 27603569 2 79 theme edible 134:139 arg1 fungi 151:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi 108:155 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 2 79 theme edible 134:139 arg1 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles 95:102 Truffles are prized and nutrition-rich edible hypogeous fungi. 27603569 10 80 theme higher 1224:1229 arg1 similarity 1231:1240 higher similarity 1224:1240 higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens 1224:1311 We have found higher similarity of volatile compounds composition between Polish and Italian specimens than those of Polish and Slovak origin. 28855134 4 0 theme anti-aging 964:973 arg1 activities 975:984 the antioxidant and anti-aging activities 944:984 the antioxidant and anti-aging activities 944:984 The monosaccharide analysis showed that rhamnose (Rha) and glucose (Glu) may play vital roles in maintaining the antioxidant and anti-aging activities. 28855134 3 1 theme serum 737:741 arg1 activities 750:759 serum enzyme activities 737:759 serum enzyme activities 737:759 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 3 2 theme nephric 705:711 arg1 protection 713:722 nephric protection 705:722 nephric protection 705:722 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 1 3 theme polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 effects 165:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects 134:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 3 theme polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 compositions 248:259 monosaccharide compositions 233:259 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 3 4 theme superior 673:680 arg1 effects 682:688 superior effects 673:688 superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection 673:722 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 5 5 theme purified 1033:1040 arg1 fractions 1042:1050 its purified fractions 1029:1050 its purified fractions 1029:1050 The results suggested that both AcAPS and its purified fractions might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the acute aging-associated diseases. 28855134 1 6 theme D-galatose-induced 176:193 arg1 mice 217:220 D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice 176:220 D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice 176:220 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 2 7 theme DPPH 516:519 arg1 radicals 535:542 hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals 489:542 radicals 535:542 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 2 7 theme DPPH 516:519 arg1 % 532:532 64.47±4.05% 522:532 64.47±4.05% 522:532 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 5 8 theme functional 1074:1083 arg1 foods 1085:1089 functional foods 1074:1089 functional foods 1074:1089 The results suggested that both AcAPS and its purified fractions might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the acute aging-associated diseases. 28855134 2 9 theme 1.0mg/mL 568:575 arg1 concentration 551:563 the concentration 547:563 the concentration of 1.0mg/mL 547:575 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 4 10 theme monosaccharide 839:852 arg1 analysis 854:861 The monosaccharide analysis 835:861 The monosaccharide analysis 835:861 The monosaccharide analysis showed that rhamnose (Rha) and glucose (Glu) may play vital roles in maintaining the antioxidant and anti-aging activities. 28855134 1 11 from effects 165:171 arg1 body 389:392 the fruiting body 376:392 the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 376:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 2 12 theme superior 455:462 arg1 activities 475:484 superior scavenging activities 455:484 superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals 455:542 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 1 13 theme fruiting 380:387 arg1 body 389:392 the fruiting body 376:392 the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 376:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 AcAPS-1 341:347 AcAPS-1 341:347 AcAPS-1 341:347 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 compositions 248:259 monosaccharide compositions 233:259 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 effects 165:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects 134:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 AcAPS-2 350:356 AcAPS-2 350:356 AcAPS-2 350:356 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 polysaccharides 283:297 acidic-extractable polysaccharides 264:297 acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) 264:305 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 AcAPS-3 362:368 AcAPS-3 362:368 AcAPS-3 362:368 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 AcAPS 300:304 AcAPS 300:304 AcAPS 300:304 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 14 from body 389:392 arg1 fractions 330:338 its major purified fractions 311:338 its major purified fractions 311:338 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 2 15 from activities 475:484 arg1 hydroxyl 489:496 hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals 489:542 hydroxyl 489:496 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 2 15 from activities 475:484 arg1 radicals 535:542 hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals 489:542 radicals 535:542 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 2 15 from activities 475:484 arg1 % 532:532 64.47±4.05% 522:532 64.47±4.05% 522:532 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 2 15 from activities 475:484 arg1 % 509:509 82.98±4.67% 499:509 82.98±4.67% 499:509 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 0 16 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 effects 27:33 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects 0:33 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus 0:92 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 3 17 theme enzyme 743:748 arg1 activities 750:759 serum enzyme activities 737:759 serum enzyme activities 737:759 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 2 18 theme other 592:596 arg1 polysaccharides 598:612 other polysaccharides 592:612 other polysaccharides 592:612 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 1 19 dep D-galatose-induced 176:193 arg1 D-gal-induced 196:208 D-gal-induced 196:208 D-gal-induced 196:208 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 20 theme aging 211:215 arg1 mice 217:220 D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice 176:220 D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice 176:220 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 21 theme mice 217:220 arg1 effects 165:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects 134:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 21 theme mice 217:220 arg1 compositions 248:259 monosaccharide compositions 233:259 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 0 22 theme anti-aging 16:25 arg1 effects 27:33 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects 0:33 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus 0:92 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 23 theme major 315:319 arg1 fractions 330:338 its major purified fractions 311:338 its major purified fractions 311:338 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 2 24 theme in 423:424 arg1 assays 432:437 the in vitro assays 419:437 the in vitro assays 419:437 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 0 25 theme acidic-extractable 38:55 arg1 polysaccharides 57:71 acidic-extractable polysaccharides 38:71 acidic-extractable polysaccharides 38:71 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 26 theme purified 321:328 arg1 fractions 330:338 its major purified fractions 311:338 its major purified fractions 311:338 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 4 27 theme vital 917:921 arg1 roles 923:927 vital roles 917:927 vital roles 917:927 The monosaccharide analysis showed that rhamnose (Rha) and glucose (Glu) may play vital roles in maintaining the antioxidant and anti-aging activities. 28855134 3 28 theme anti-aging 637:646 arg1 analysis 648:655 in vivo anti-aging analysis 629:655 in vivo anti-aging analysis 629:655 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 3 29 from effects 682:688 arg1 hepatic 693:699 hepatic 693:699 hepatic 693:699 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 3 29 from effects 682:688 arg1 protection 713:722 nephric protection 705:722 nephric protection 705:722 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 1 30 theme fractions 330:338 arg1 effects 165:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects 134:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 30 theme fractions 330:338 arg1 compositions 248:259 monosaccharide compositions 233:259 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 31 theme bisporus 406:413 arg1 body 389:392 the fruiting body 376:392 the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 376:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 2 32 theme scavenging 464:473 arg1 activities 475:484 superior scavenging activities 455:484 superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals 455:542 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 5 33 theme acute 1127:1131 arg1 diseases 1150:1157 the acute aging-associated diseases 1123:1157 the acute aging-associated diseases 1123:1157 The results suggested that both AcAPS and its purified fractions might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the acute aging-associated diseases. 28855134 3 34 theme in 629:630 arg1 analysis 648:655 in vivo anti-aging analysis 629:655 in vivo anti-aging analysis 629:655 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 0 35 theme polysaccharides 57:71 arg1 effects 27:33 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects 0:33 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus 0:92 Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of acidic-extractable polysaccharides by Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 5 36 theme natural 1095:1101 arg1 drugs 1103:1107 natural drugs 1095:1107 natural drugs 1095:1107 The results suggested that both AcAPS and its purified fractions might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the acute aging-associated diseases. 28855134 2 37 dep in 423:424 arg1 vitro 426:430 vitro 426:430 vitro 426:430 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 3 38 theme biochemical 762:772 arg1 levels 774:779 biochemical levels 762:779 biochemical levels 762:779 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 1 39 theme antioxidant 138:148 arg1 effects 165:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects 134:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 5 40 theme aging-associated 1133:1148 arg1 diseases 1150:1157 the acute aging-associated diseases 1123:1157 the acute aging-associated diseases 1123:1157 The results suggested that both AcAPS and its purified fractions might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs in preventing the acute aging-associated diseases. 28855134 1 41 theme monosaccharide 233:246 arg1 compositions 248:259 monosaccharide compositions 233:259 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 42 from compositions 248:259 arg1 body 389:392 the fruiting body 376:392 the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 376:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 43 dep polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 AcAPS-3 362:368 AcAPS-3 362:368 AcAPS-3 362:368 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 43 dep polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 AcAPS-2 350:356 AcAPS-2 350:356 AcAPS-2 350:356 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 43 dep polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 AcAPS-1 341:347 AcAPS-1 341:347 AcAPS-1 341:347 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 43 dep polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 polysaccharides 283:297 acidic-extractable polysaccharides 264:297 acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) 264:305 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 3 44 theme antioxidant 801:811 arg1 status 813:818 antioxidant status 801:818 antioxidant status 801:818 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 4 45 theme antioxidant 948:958 arg1 activities 975:984 the antioxidant and anti-aging activities 944:984 the antioxidant and anti-aging activities 944:984 The monosaccharide analysis showed that rhamnose (Rha) and glucose (Glu) may play vital roles in maintaining the antioxidant and anti-aging activities. 28855134 1 46 theme anti-aging 154:163 arg1 effects 165:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects 134:171 the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus 134:413 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 3 47 theme lipid 782:786 arg1 contents 788:795 lipid contents 782:795 lipid contents 782:795 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 3 48 dep in 629:630 arg1 vivo 632:635 vivo 632:635 vivo 632:635 For in vivo anti-aging analysis, AcAPS-2 showed superior effects on hepatic and nephric protection by improving serum enzyme activities, biochemical levels, lipid contents and antioxidant status, respectively. 28855134 2 49 dep AcAPS 582:586 arg1 fractions 614:622 fractions 614:622 fractions 614:622 In the in vitro assays, AcAPS-2 showed superior scavenging activities on hydroxyl (82.98±4.67%) and DPPH (64.47±4.05%) radicals at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL than AcAPS and other polysaccharides fractions. 28855134 1 50 theme acidic-extractable 264:281 arg1 AcAPS-3 362:368 AcAPS-3 362:368 AcAPS-3 362:368 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 50 theme acidic-extractable 264:281 arg1 AcAPS 300:304 AcAPS 300:304 AcAPS 300:304 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 50 theme acidic-extractable 264:281 arg1 AcAPS-2 350:356 AcAPS-2 350:356 AcAPS-2 350:356 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 50 theme acidic-extractable 264:281 arg1 AcAPS-1 341:347 AcAPS-1 341:347 AcAPS-1 341:347 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 28855134 1 50 theme acidic-extractable 264:281 arg1 polysaccharides 283:297 acidic-extractable polysaccharides 264:297 acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) 264:305 This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of D-galatose-induced (D-gal-induced) aging mice as well as monosaccharide compositions of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AcAPS) and its major purified fractions (AcAPS-1, AcAPS-2 and AcAPS-3) from the fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus. 29256840 7 0 theme bands 1266:1270 arg1 presence 1246:1253 the presence 1242:1253 the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides 1242:1303 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 3 1 theme antioxidant 713:723 arg1 power 725:729 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 697:729 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 697:729 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 8 2 from concentration 1329:1341 arg1 PF 1350:1351 the PF 1346:1351 the PF 1346:1351 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF was 39.26%. 29256840 2 3 theme neo-japonicum 400:412 arg1 basidiocarps 381:392 Ground basidiocarps 374:392 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum 374:412 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 6 4 theme isolated 1008:1015 arg1 polysaccharide 1023:1036 The isolated crude polysaccharide 1004:1036 The isolated crude polysaccharide 1004:1036 The isolated crude polysaccharide was separated and purified using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-52 and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. 29256840 0 5 theme Ganoderma 92:100 arg1 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 0 5 theme Ganoderma 92:100 arg1 neo-japonicum 102:114 the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum 69:114 the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes) 69:131 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 3 6 theme scavenging 682:691 arg1 assays 731:736 ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays 669:736 ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays 669:736 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 1 7 theme mycochemical 175:186 arg1 composition 188:198 mycochemical composition 175:198 mycochemical composition 175:198 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 5 8 theme antiglycemic 921:932 arg1 activities 950:959 enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 912:959 enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 912:959 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 7 9 theme infrared 1160:1167 arg1 spectroscopy 1169:1180 infrared spectroscopy 1160:1180 infrared spectroscopy 1160:1180 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 3 10 theme aqueous 608:614 arg1 extracts 616:623 the crude hot aqueous extracts 594:623 the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) 594:642 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 3 11 theme antioxidant 570:580 arg1 capacity 582:589 The antioxidant capacity 566:589 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) 566:642 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 2 12 theme inhibition 547:556 arg1 assays 558:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 1 13 theme different 305:313 arg1 durations 323:331 different boiling durations 305:331 different boiling durations 305:331 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 2 14 theme enzyme 540:545 arg1 assays 558:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 8 15 theme β-glucan 1320:1327 arg1 % 1362:1362 39.26% 1357:1362 39.26% 1357:1362 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF was 39.26%. 29256840 8 15 theme β-glucan 1320:1327 arg1 concentration 1329:1341 The estimated β-glucan concentration 1306:1341 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF 1306:1351 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF was 39.26%. 29256840 10 16 contain have 1522:1525 arg2 potential 1527:1535 potential 1527:1535 potential 1527:1535 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 10 16 contain have 1522:1525 arg1 potency 1464:1470 its potency 1460:1470 its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1460:1516 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 6 17 theme Sepharose 1106:1114 arg1 chromatography 1126:1139 Sepharose 6B column chromatography 1106:1139 Sepharose 6B column chromatography 1106:1139 The isolated crude polysaccharide was separated and purified using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-52 and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. 29256840 6 18 theme column 1119:1124 arg1 chromatography 1126:1139 Sepharose 6B column chromatography 1106:1139 Sepharose 6B column chromatography 1106:1139 The isolated crude polysaccharide was separated and purified using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-52 and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. 29256840 2 19 theme α-glucosidase 526:538 arg1 assays 558:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 3 20 theme power 725:729 arg1 assays 731:736 ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays 669:736 ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays 669:736 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 7 21 theme polysaccharide 1206:1219 arg1 PF 1231:1232 PF 1231:1232 PF 1231:1232 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 7 21 theme polysaccharide 1206:1219 arg1 fraction 1221:1228 the purified polysaccharide fraction 1193:1228 the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) 1193:1233 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 4 22 from protein 760:766 arg1 extracts 792:799 the crude extracts 782:799 the crude extracts 782:799 The total phenolics, protein, and sugar in the crude extracts were also determined. 29256840 5 23 theme polysaccharide 978:991 arg1 isolation 993:1001 polysaccharide isolation 978:1001 polysaccharide isolation 978:1001 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 3 24 dep extracts 616:623 arg1 AE-2 632:635 AE-2 632:635 AE-2 632:635 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 3 24 dep extracts 616:623 arg1 AE-1 626:629 AE-1 626:629 AE-1 626:629 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 3 24 dep extracts 616:623 arg1 AE-3 638:641 AE-3 638:641 AE-3 638:641 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 10 25 theme carbohydratehydrolyzing 1486:1508 arg1 enzymes 1510:1516 inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1475:1516 inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1475:1516 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 10 26 theme inhibiting 1475:1484 arg1 enzymes 1510:1516 inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1475:1516 inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1475:1516 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 1 27 attach isolated 354:361 arg2 polysaccharides 338:352 polysaccharides 338:352 polysaccharides isolated from them 338:371 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 1 27 attach isolated 354:361 arg1 them 368:371 them 368:371 them 368:371 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 1 28 theme antiglycemic 204:215 arg1 activities 233:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 0 29 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 Properties 11:20 Functional Properties 0:20 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 0:132 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 1 30 theme boiling 315:321 arg1 durations 323:331 different boiling durations 305:331 different boiling durations 305:331 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 4 31 from phenolics 749:757 arg1 extracts 792:799 the crude extracts 782:799 the crude extracts 782:799 The total phenolics, protein, and sugar in the crude extracts were also determined. 29256840 3 32 theme hot 604:606 arg1 extracts 616:623 the crude hot aqueous extracts 594:623 the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) 594:642 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 5 33 theme total 889:893 arg1 sugar 895:899 total sugar 889:899 total sugar 889:899 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 7 34 dep transform 1150:1158 arg1 showed 1235:1240 showed 1235:1240 showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides 1235:1303 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 5 35 theme antioxidant 938:948 arg1 activities 950:959 enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 912:959 enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 912:959 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 1 36 theme antioxidant 221:231 arg1 activities 233:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 4 37 theme total 743:747 arg1 phenolics 749:757 The total phenolics 739:757 The total phenolics 739:757 The total phenolics, protein, and sugar in the crude extracts were also determined. 29256840 0 38 from neo-japonicum 102:114 arg1 Properties 11:20 Functional Properties 0:20 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 0:132 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 2 39 theme G. 397:398 arg1 neo-japonicum 400:412 G. neo-japonicum 397:412 G. neo-japonicum 397:412 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 5 40 theme aqueous 831:837 arg1 extract 839:845 The hot aqueous extract 823:845 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 823:959 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 5 40 theme aqueous 831:837 arg1 AE-3 848:851 AE-3 848:851 AE-3 848:851 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 0 41 theme Polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 Properties 11:20 Functional Properties 0:20 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 0:132 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 9 42 theme lower 1408:1412 arg1 activity 1426:1433 significantly lower antioxidant activity 1394:1433 significantly lower antioxidant activity 1394:1433 In general, the PF exhibited significantly lower antioxidant activity than AE-3. 29256840 10 43 theme mellitus 1567:1574 arg1 management 1544:1553 the management 1540:1553 the management of diabetes mellitus 1540:1574 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 8 44 theme estimated 1310:1318 arg1 % 1362:1362 39.26% 1357:1362 39.26% 1357:1362 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF was 39.26%. 29256840 8 44 theme estimated 1310:1318 arg1 concentration 1329:1341 The estimated β-glucan concentration 1306:1341 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF 1306:1351 The estimated β-glucan concentration in the PF was 39.26%. 29256840 0 45 theme Characterized 35:47 arg1 Polysaccharide 49:62 Partially Characterized Polysaccharide 25:62 Partially Characterized Polysaccharide 25:62 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 1 46 theme polysaccharides 338:352 arg1 activities 233:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 1 46 theme polysaccharides 338:352 arg1 composition 188:198 mycochemical composition 175:198 mycochemical composition 175:198 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 7 47 theme fraction 1221:1228 arg1 studies 1182:1188 studies 1182:1188 studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) 1182:1233 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 10 48 theme diabetes 1558:1565 arg1 mellitus 1567:1574 diabetes mellitus 1558:1574 diabetes mellitus 1558:1574 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 1 49 theme Ganoderma 247:255 arg1 extracts 283:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 2 50 theme antiglycemic 474:485 arg1 activity 487:494 the antiglycemic activity 470:494 the antiglycemic activity 470:494 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 9 51 theme antioxidant 1414:1424 arg1 activity 1426:1433 significantly lower antioxidant activity 1394:1433 significantly lower antioxidant activity 1394:1433 In general, the PF exhibited significantly lower antioxidant activity than AE-3. 29256840 2 52 theme α-amylase 512:520 arg1 assays 558:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays 512:563 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 1 53 dep composition 188:198 arg1 the 171:173 the 171:173 the 171:173 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 5 54 theme sugar 895:899 arg1 amount 879:884 a significant amount 865:884 a significant amount of total sugar 865:899 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 5 54 theme sugar 895:899 arg1 sugar 895:899 total sugar 889:899 total sugar 889:899 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 7 55 theme purified 1197:1204 arg1 PF 1231:1232 PF 1231:1232 PF 1231:1232 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 7 55 theme purified 1197:1204 arg1 fraction 1221:1228 the purified polysaccharide fraction 1193:1228 the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) 1193:1233 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 3 56 theme ABTS 669:672 arg1 scavenging 682:691 ABTS radical scavenging 669:691 ABTS radical scavenging 669:691 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 3 57 theme extracts 616:623 arg1 capacity 582:589 The antioxidant capacity 566:589 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) 566:642 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 7 58 theme typical 1258:1264 arg1 bands 1266:1270 typical bands 1258:1270 typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides 1258:1303 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of the purified polysaccharide fraction (PF) showed the presence of typical bands corresponding to polysaccharides. 29256840 5 59 dep extract 839:845 arg1 containing 854:863 containing 854:863 containing a significant amount of total sugar 854:899 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 5 59 dep extract 839:845 arg1 having 905:910 having 905:910 having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 905:959 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 3 60 theme crude 598:602 arg1 extracts 616:623 the crude hot aqueous extracts 594:623 the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) 594:642 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 3 61 theme radical 674:680 arg1 scavenging 682:691 ABTS radical scavenging 669:691 ABTS radical scavenging 669:691 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 4 62 theme crude 786:790 arg1 extracts 792:799 the crude extracts 782:799 the crude extracts 782:799 The total phenolics, protein, and sugar in the crude extracts were also determined. 29256840 4 63 from sugar 773:777 arg1 extracts 792:799 the crude extracts 782:799 the crude extracts 782:799 The total phenolics, protein, and sugar in the crude extracts were also determined. 29256840 2 64 theme Ground 374:379 arg1 basidiocarps 381:392 Ground basidiocarps 374:392 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum 374:412 Ground basidiocarps of G. neo-japonicum were double-boiled at 100°C for 0.5, 3, or 4 hours, and the antiglycemic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. 29256840 1 65 theme neo-japonicum 257:269 arg1 extracts 283:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 5 66 theme enhanced 912:919 arg1 activities 950:959 enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 912:959 enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 912:959 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 1 67 theme hot 271:273 arg1 extracts 283:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 0 68 theme Mushroom 83:90 arg1 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 0 68 theme Mushroom 83:90 arg1 neo-japonicum 102:114 the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum 69:114 the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes) 69:131 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 5 69 theme hot 827:829 arg1 extract 839:845 The hot aqueous extract 823:845 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 823:959 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 5 69 theme hot 827:829 arg1 AE-3 848:851 AE-3 848:851 AE-3 848:851 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 5 70 theme significant 867:877 arg1 amount 879:884 a significant amount 865:884 a significant amount of total sugar 865:899 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 5 70 theme significant 867:877 arg1 sugar 895:899 total sugar 889:899 total sugar 889:899 The hot aqueous extract (AE-3) containing a significant amount of total sugar and having enhanced antiglycemic and antioxidant activities was selected for polysaccharide isolation. 29256840 6 71 theme 6B 1116:1117 arg1 chromatography 1126:1139 Sepharose 6B column chromatography 1106:1139 Sepharose 6B column chromatography 1106:1139 The isolated crude polysaccharide was separated and purified using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-52 and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. 29256840 1 72 theme aqueous 275:281 arg1 extracts 283:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts 247:290 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 0 73 theme Medicinal 73:81 arg1 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Agaricomycetes 117:130 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 0 73 theme Medicinal 73:81 arg1 neo-japonicum 102:114 the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum 69:114 the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes) 69:131 Functional Properties of Partially Characterized Polysaccharide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes). 29256840 3 74 theme ferric-reducing 697:711 arg1 power 725:729 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 697:729 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 697:729 The antioxidant capacity of the crude hot aqueous extracts (AE-1, AE-2, AE-3) was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. 29256840 6 75 theme crude 1017:1021 arg1 polysaccharide 1023:1036 The isolated crude polysaccharide 1004:1036 The isolated crude polysaccharide 1004:1036 The isolated crude polysaccharide was separated and purified using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-52 and Sepharose 6B column chromatography. 29256840 10 76 from potency 1464:1470 arg1 enzymes 1510:1516 inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1475:1516 inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes 1475:1516 Nevertheless, its potency in inhibiting carbohydratehydrolyzing enzymes may have potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. 29256840 1 77 theme extracts 283:290 arg1 activities 233:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 antiglycemic and antioxidant activities 204:242 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 29256840 1 77 theme extracts 283:290 arg1 composition 188:198 mycochemical composition 175:198 mycochemical composition 175:198 This study was conducted to evaluate the mycochemical composition and antiglycemic and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma neo-japonicum hot aqueous extracts, prepared at different boiling durations, and polysaccharides isolated from them. 26572427 0 0 theme Sargassum 86:94 arg1 fusiforme 96:104 Sargassum fusiforme 86:104 Sargassum fusiforme 86:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 4 1 link 1,4-linked 548:557 arg1 β-D-GlcpA 559:567 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA 548:567 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA 548:567 The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. 26572427 7 2 theme seaweeds 915:922 arg1 fusiforme 927:935 brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 909:935 brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 909:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 1 3 theme Sephacryl 266:274 arg1 S-300 276:280 Sephacryl S-300 266:280 Sephacryl S-300 266:280 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 0 4 from characterization 11:26 arg1 activity 58:65 anti-angiogenic activity 42:65 anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme 42:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 6 5 theme microvascular 796:808 arg1 HMEC-1 829:834 HMEC-1 829:834 HMEC-1 829:834 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 6 5 theme microvascular 796:808 arg1 cells 822:826 human microvascular endothelial cells 790:826 human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 790:835 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 2 6 theme xylose 308:313 arg1 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 4 7 link 1,2-linked 524:533 arg1 α-D-Manp 535:542 alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp 514:542 alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp 514:542 The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. 26572427 3 8 theme galactose 458:466 arg1 residues 468:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 0 9 from activity 58:65 arg1 fusiforme 96:104 Sargassum fusiforme 86:104 Sargassum fusiforme 86:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 6 10 theme cells 822:826 arg1 formation 763:771 tube formation 758:771 tube formation 758:771 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 6 10 theme cells 822:826 arg1 migration 777:785 migration 777:785 migration 777:785 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 2 11 theme fucose 300:305 arg1 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 7 12 theme fucoidan 888:895 arg1 FP08S2 897:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 884:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 884:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 7 12 theme fucoidan 888:895 arg1 agent 971:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 1 13 theme Sargassum 172:180 arg1 fusiforme 182:190 Sargassum fusiforme 172:190 Sargassum fusiforme 172:190 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 6 14 theme endothelial 810:820 arg1 HMEC-1 829:834 HMEC-1 829:834 HMEC-1 829:834 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 6 14 theme endothelial 810:820 arg1 cells 822:826 human microvascular endothelial cells 790:826 human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 790:835 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 1 15 theme fusiforme 182:190 arg1 extract 161:167 the boiling-water extract 143:167 the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme 143:190 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 3 16 theme sulfate 376:382 arg1 groups 384:389 The sulfate groups 372:389 The sulfate groups 372:389 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 5 17 theme Sugar 570:574 arg1 analysis 588:595 Sugar composition analysis 570:595 Sugar composition analysis 570:595 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 2 18 theme mannose 327:333 arg1 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 0 19 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 2 20 contain contained 290:298 arg2 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 2 20 contain contained 290:298 arg1 FP08S2 283:288 FP08S2 283:288 FP08S2 283:288 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 5 21 theme composition 576:586 arg1 analysis 588:595 Sugar composition analysis 570:595 Sugar composition analysis 570:595 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 4 22 theme FP08S2 494:499 arg1 backbone 482:489 The backbone 478:489 The backbone of FP08S2 478:499 The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. 26572427 5 23 from branches 648:655 arg1 oligosaccharides 626:641 the oligosaccharides 622:641 the oligosaccharides from branches 622:655 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 7 24 theme potent 948:953 arg1 FP08S2 897:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 884:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 884:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 7 24 theme potent 948:953 arg1 agent 971:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 2 25 theme galactose 316:324 arg1 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 3 26 theme mannose 445:451 arg1 residues 468:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 6 27 theme human 790:794 arg1 HMEC-1 829:834 HMEC-1 829:834 HMEC-1 829:834 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 6 27 theme human 790:794 arg1 cells 822:826 human microvascular endothelial cells 790:826 human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 790:835 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 1 28 theme fucoidan 109:116 arg1 FP08S2 118:123 A fucoidan FP08S2 107:123 A fucoidan FP08S2 107:123 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 1 29 theme CaCl2 205:209 arg1 precipitation 211:223 CaCl2 precipitation 205:223 CaCl2 precipitation 205:223 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 0 30 theme anti-angiogenic 42:56 arg1 activity 58:65 anti-angiogenic activity 42:65 anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme 42:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 4 31 theme 1,4-linked 548:557 arg1 β-D-GlcpA 559:567 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA 548:567 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA 548:567 The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. 26572427 3 32 theme xylose 437:442 arg1 residues 468:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 3 33 theme fucose 429:434 arg1 residues 468:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 429:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 3 34 theme diverse 408:414 arg1 positions 416:424 diverse positions 408:424 diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 408:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 3 35 attach attached 396:403 arg1 positions 416:424 diverse positions 408:424 diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 408:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 3 35 attach attached 396:403 arg2 groups 384:389 The sulfate groups 372:389 The sulfate groups 372:389 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 1 36 from precipitation 211:223 arg1 DEAE-cellulose 247:260 DEAE-cellulose 247:260 DEAE-cellulose 247:260 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 1 36 from precipitation 211:223 arg1 S-300 276:280 Sephacryl S-300 266:280 Sephacryl S-300 266:280 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 3 37 theme residues 468:475 arg1 positions 416:424 diverse positions 408:424 diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues 408:475 The sulfate groups were attached to diverse positions of fucose, xylose, mannose, and galactose residues. 26572427 4 38 theme 1,2-linked 524:533 arg1 α-D-Manp 535:542 alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp 514:542 alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp 514:542 The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. 26572427 2 39 theme acid 347:350 arg1 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 4 40 theme alternate 514:522 arg1 α-D-Manp 535:542 alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp 514:542 alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp 514:542 The backbone of FP08S2 consisted of alternate 1,2-linked α-D-Manp and 1,4-linked β-D-GlcpA. 26572427 1 41 from chromatography 229:242 arg1 DEAE-cellulose 247:260 DEAE-cellulose 247:260 DEAE-cellulose 247:260 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 1 41 from chromatography 229:242 arg1 S-300 276:280 Sephacryl S-300 266:280 Sephacryl S-300 266:280 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 7 42 theme anti-angiogenic 955:969 arg1 FP08S2 897:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 884:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 884:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 7 42 theme anti-angiogenic 955:969 arg1 agent 971:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 6 43 theme tube 758:761 arg1 formation 763:771 tube formation 758:771 tube formation 758:771 FP08S2 could significantly inhibit tube formation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) dose-dependently. 26572427 2 44 theme glucuronic 336:345 arg1 acid 347:350 glucuronic acid 336:350 glucuronic acid 336:350 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 7 45 from fusiforme 927:935 arg1 FP08S2 897:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 884:902 the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 884:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 7 45 from fusiforme 927:935 arg1 agent 971:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 a potent anti-angiogenic agent 946:975 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 5 46 theme glucuronic 694:703 arg1 acid 705:708 glucuronic acid 694:708 glucuronic acid 694:708 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 1 47 dep isolated 129:136 arg1 purified 193:200 purified 193:200 purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 193:280 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 2 48 theme % 361:361 arg1 sulfate 363:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate 300:369 FP08S2 contained fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and 20.8% sulfate. 26572427 7 49 theme S. 924:925 arg1 fusiforme 927:935 brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 909:935 brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 909:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 0 50 theme fucoidan 72:79 arg1 activity 58:65 anti-angiogenic activity 42:65 anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme 42:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 0 51 from fusiforme 96:104 arg1 activity 58:65 anti-angiogenic activity 42:65 anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme 42:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 0 51 from fusiforme 96:104 arg1 fucoidan 72:79 a fucoidan 70:79 a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme 70:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 0 52 from effect 32:37 arg1 activity 58:65 anti-angiogenic activity 42:65 anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme 42:104 Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme. 26572427 1 53 theme boiling-water 147:159 arg1 extract 161:167 the boiling-water extract 143:167 the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme 143:190 A fucoidan FP08S2 was isolated from the boiling-water extract of Sargassum fusiforme, purified by CaCl2 precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300. 26572427 7 54 theme brown 909:913 arg1 fusiforme 927:935 brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 909:935 brown seaweeds S. fusiforme 909:935 These results suggested that the fucoidan FP08S2 from brown seaweeds S. fusiforme could be a potent anti-angiogenic agent. 26572427 5 55 contain contained 657:665 arg2 fucose 667:672 fucose 667:672 fucose 667:672 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 5 55 contain contained 657:665 arg1 oligosaccharides 626:641 the oligosaccharides 622:641 the oligosaccharides from branches 622:655 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 5 55 contain contained 657:665 arg2 xylose 675:680 xylose 675:680 xylose 675:680 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 5 55 contain contained 657:665 arg2 acid 705:708 glucuronic acid 694:708 glucuronic acid 694:708 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 5 55 contain contained 657:665 arg2 sulfate 714:720 sulfate 714:720 sulfate 714:720 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26572427 5 55 contain contained 657:665 arg2 galactose 683:691 galactose 683:691 galactose 683:691 Sugar composition analysis and ESI-MS revealed that the oligosaccharides from branches contained fucose, xylose, galactose, glucuronic acid and sulfate. 26876835 6 0 theme simple 975:980 arg1 method 982:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method 956:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples 956:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 4 1 theme dozens 684:689 arg1 kinds 691:695 dozens kinds 684:695 dozens kinds of amino acids 684:710 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 6 2 theme resource 943:950 arg1 method 982:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method 956:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples 956:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 6 2 theme resource 943:950 arg1 utilization 911:921 high-value utilization 900:921 high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource 900:950 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 3 3 theme reaction 481:488 arg1 temperature 490:500 reaction temperature 481:500 reaction temperature 481:500 The optimal condition was as follows: the ratio of xylan to HAuCl4 was 150mg:15mg, reaction temperature was 80°C and reaction time was 40min. 26876835 4 4 theme xylan/AuNPs 544:554 arg1 composite 556:564 The xylan/AuNPs composite 540:564 The xylan/AuNPs composite 540:564 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 6 5 theme biological 1015:1024 arg1 samples 1026:1032 real biological samples 1010:1032 real biological samples 1010:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 3 6 theme reaction 515:522 arg1 time 524:527 reaction time 515:527 reaction time 515:527 The optimal condition was as follows: the ratio of xylan to HAuCl4 was 150mg:15mg, reaction temperature was 80°C and reaction time was 40min. 26876835 6 7 theme rich 930:933 arg1 resource 943:950 the rich biomass resource 926:950 the rich biomass resource 926:950 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 2 8 theme Full 273:276 arg1 characterizations 278:294 Full characterizations 273:294 Full characterizations 273:294 Full characterizations were performed and the results revealed that AuNPs were well dispersed with the diameters of 10-30nm. 26876835 5 9 from detection 840:848 arg1 serum 859:863 human serum 853:863 human serum 853:863 Besides, the xylan/AuNPs composite was applied for Cys detection in human serum. 26876835 6 10 theme Cys 993:995 arg1 detection 997:1005 Cys detection 993:1005 Cys detection in real biological samples 993:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 2 11 theme 10-30nm 389:395 arg1 diameters 376:384 the diameters 372:384 the diameters of 10-30nm 372:395 Full characterizations were performed and the results revealed that AuNPs were well dispersed with the diameters of 10-30nm. 26876835 5 12 theme human 853:857 arg1 serum 859:863 human serum 853:863 human serum 853:863 Besides, the xylan/AuNPs composite was applied for Cys detection in human serum. 26876835 4 13 theme selective 583:591 arg1 sensing 607:613 highly selective and sensitive sensing 576:613 highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution 576:645 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 6 14 theme real 1010:1013 arg1 samples 1026:1032 real biological samples 1010:1032 real biological samples 1010:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 1 15 theme distributed 177:187 arg1 AuNPs 207:211 AuNPs 207:211 AuNPs 207:211 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 1 15 theme distributed 177:187 arg1 nanoparticles 192:204 highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles 149:204 highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) 149:212 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 0 16 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 fabrication 7:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication and selective detection for cysteine of xylan/Au nanoparticles composite. 26876835 1 17 theme Au 189:190 arg1 AuNPs 207:211 AuNPs 207:211 AuNPs 207:211 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 1 17 theme Au 189:190 arg1 nanoparticles 192:204 highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles 149:204 highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) 149:212 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 0 18 theme selective 23:31 arg1 detection 33:41 selective detection 23:41 selective detection 23:41 Facile fabrication and selective detection for cysteine of xylan/Au nanoparticles composite. 26876835 6 19 from detection 997:1005 arg1 samples 1026:1032 real biological samples 1010:1032 real biological samples 1010:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 4 20 theme cysteine 618:625 arg1 sensing 607:613 highly selective and sensitive sensing 576:613 highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution 576:645 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 6 21 theme high-value 900:909 arg1 utilization 911:921 high-value utilization 900:921 high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource 900:950 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 1 22 theme stable 156:161 arg1 AuNPs 207:211 AuNPs 207:211 AuNPs 207:211 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 1 22 theme stable 156:161 arg1 nanoparticles 192:204 highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles 149:204 highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) 149:212 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 3 23 theme xylan 449:453 arg1 ratio 440:444 the ratio 436:444 the ratio of xylan to HAuCl4 436:463 The optimal condition was as follows: the ratio of xylan to HAuCl4 was 150mg:15mg, reaction temperature was 80°C and reaction time was 40min. 26876835 3 23 theme xylan 449:453 arg1 150mg:15mg 469:478 150mg:15mg 469:478 150mg:15mg 469:478 The optimal condition was as follows: the ratio of xylan to HAuCl4 was 150mg:15mg, reaction temperature was 80°C and reaction time was 40min. 26876835 3 24 theme optimal 402:408 arg1 condition 410:418 The optimal condition 398:418 The optimal condition 398:418 The optimal condition was as follows: the ratio of xylan to HAuCl4 was 150mg:15mg, reaction temperature was 80°C and reaction time was 40min. 26876835 4 25 theme aqueous 630:636 arg1 solution 638:645 aqueous solution 630:645 aqueous solution 630:645 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 6 26 theme biomass 935:941 arg1 resource 943:950 the rich biomass resource 926:950 the rich biomass resource 926:950 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 5 27 theme xylan/AuNPs 798:808 arg1 composite 810:818 the xylan/AuNPs composite 794:818 the xylan/AuNPs composite 794:818 Besides, the xylan/AuNPs composite was applied for Cys detection in human serum. 26876835 6 28 theme new 888:890 arg1 way 892:894 a new way 886:894 a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples 886:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 1 29 theme facile 114:119 arg1 method 131:136 a facile and green method 112:136 a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) 112:212 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 6 30 theme cheap 958:962 arg1 method 982:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method 956:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples 956:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 4 31 theme acids 706:710 arg1 kinds 691:695 dozens kinds 684:695 dozens kinds of amino acids 684:710 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 4 32 theme detection 730:738 arg1 limit 721:725 the limit 717:725 the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine 717:757 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 4 32 theme detection 730:738 arg1 0.57μM 777:782 0.57μM 777:782 0.57μM 777:782 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 4 33 theme amino 700:704 arg1 acids 706:710 amino acids 700:710 amino acids 700:710 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 1 34 theme green 125:129 arg1 method 131:136 a facile and green method 112:136 a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) 112:212 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 4 35 from sensing 607:613 arg1 solution 638:645 aqueous solution 630:645 aqueous solution 630:645 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 26876835 6 36 theme rapid 965:969 arg1 method 982:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method 956:987 a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples 956:1032 This study provides a new way for high-value utilization of the rich biomass resource and a cheap, rapid and simple method for Cys detection in real biological samples. 26876835 5 37 theme Cys 836:838 arg1 detection 840:848 Cys detection 836:848 Cys detection in human serum 836:863 Besides, the xylan/AuNPs composite was applied for Cys detection in human serum. 26876835 1 38 theme biopolymer 221:230 arg1 xylan 232:236 biopolymer xylan 221:236 biopolymer xylan 221:236 This work reported a facile and green method to prepare highly stable and uniformly distributed Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), using biopolymer xylan as stabilizing and reducing agent. 26876835 0 39 theme xylan/Au 59:66 arg1 fabrication 7:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication 0:17 Facile fabrication and selective detection for cysteine of xylan/Au nanoparticles composite. 26876835 0 39 theme xylan/Au 59:66 arg1 detection 33:41 selective detection 23:41 selective detection 23:41 Facile fabrication and selective detection for cysteine of xylan/Au nanoparticles composite. 26876835 4 40 theme sensitive 597:605 arg1 sensing 607:613 highly selective and sensitive sensing 576:613 highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution 576:645 The xylan/AuNPs composite exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution, it could distinguish cysteine among dozens kinds of amino acids, and the limit of detection (LOD) for cysteine was calculated as 0.57μM. 25256502 7 0 theme lignin 985:990 arg1 impurities 992:1001 lignin impurities 985:1001 lignin impurities 985:1001 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 7 1 theme metal 1051:1055 arg1 content 1057:1063 the metal content 1047:1063 the metal content 1047:1063 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 7 1 theme metal 1051:1055 arg1 % 1084:1084 approximately 2% 1069:1084 approximately 2% 1069:1084 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 7 2 theme lipophilic 958:967 arg1 extractives 969:979 lipophilic extractives 958:979 lipophilic extractives 958:979 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 4 3 theme precipitates 674:685 arg1 yield 636:640 yield 636:640 yield 636:640 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 3 theme precipitates 674:685 arg1 purity 643:648 purity 643:648 purity 643:648 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 3 theme precipitates 674:685 arg1 composition 655:665 composition 655:665 composition 655:665 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 4 theme UV 580:581 arg1 spectroscopy 583:594 UV spectroscopy 580:594 UV spectroscopy 580:594 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 5 5 theme pulsed 722:727 arg1 NMR 759:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 6 6 theme highest 904:910 arg1 yield 912:916 the highest yield 900:916 the highest yield 900:916 Acetone was found to be the most efficient antisolvent, giving the highest yield at the lowest addition. 25256502 7 7 theme extractives 969:979 arg1 contents 946:953 The contents 942:953 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities 942:1001 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 1 8 dep mainly 151:156 arg1 galactoglucomannans 158:176 galactoglucomannans 158:176 galactoglucomannans 158:176 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 5 9 theme self-diffusion 744:757 arg1 NMR 759:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 0 10 from TMP 63:65 arg1 precipitation 12:24 Antisolvent precipitation 0:24 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP 0:65 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP process water. 25256502 2 11 theme solubility 399:408 arg1 reduction 410:418 solubility reduction 399:418 solubility reduction 399:418 This paper examines the recovery of hemicelluloses precipitated from TMP process water via solubility reduction by adding antisolvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. 25256502 5 12 used used 768:771 arg2 chromatography 703:716 Gel permeation chromatography 688:716 Gel permeation chromatography 688:716 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 5 12 used used 768:771 arg2 NMR 759:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 1 13 theme thermomechanical 93:108 arg1 pulping 110:116 the thermomechanical pulping 89:116 the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce 89:132 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 1 13 theme thermomechanical 93:108 arg1 TMP 119:121 TMP 119:121 TMP 119:121 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 0 14 theme Antisolvent 0:10 arg1 precipitation 12:24 Antisolvent precipitation 0:24 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP 0:65 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP process water. 25256502 0 15 theme water-soluble 29:41 arg1 hemicelluloses 43:56 water-soluble hemicelluloses 29:56 water-soluble hemicelluloses 29:56 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP process water. 25256502 4 16 used used 614:617 arg2 GC-MS 573:577 GC-MS 573:577 GC-MS 573:577 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 16 used used 614:617 arg2 ICP-OES 601:607 ICP-OES 601:607 ICP-OES 601:607 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 16 used used 614:617 arg2 FTIR 567:570 FTIR 567:570 FTIR 567:570 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 16 used used 614:617 arg2 spectroscopy 583:594 UV spectroscopy 580:594 UV spectroscopy 580:594 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 4 16 used used 614:617 arg2 analysis 557:564 Gravimetric analysis 545:564 Gravimetric analysis 545:564 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 5 17 theme permeation 692:701 arg1 chromatography 703:716 Gel permeation chromatography 688:716 Gel permeation chromatography 688:716 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 6 18 theme efficient 870:878 arg1 antisolvent 880:890 the most efficient antisolvent 861:890 the most efficient antisolvent 861:890 Acetone was found to be the most efficient antisolvent, giving the highest yield at the lowest addition. 25256502 6 18 theme efficient 870:878 arg1 Acetone 837:843 Acetone 837:843 Acetone 837:843 Acetone was found to be the most efficient antisolvent, giving the highest yield at the lowest addition. 25256502 2 19 theme process 381:387 arg1 water 389:393 TMP process water 377:393 TMP process water via solubility reduction 377:418 This paper examines the recovery of hemicelluloses precipitated from TMP process water via solubility reduction by adding antisolvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. 25256502 7 20 from % 1017:1017 arg1 precipitates 1093:1104 the precipitates 1089:1104 the precipitates obtained with acetone 1089:1126 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 0 21 theme hemicelluloses 43:56 arg1 precipitation 12:24 Antisolvent precipitation 0:24 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP 0:65 Antisolvent precipitation of water-soluble hemicelluloses from TMP process water. 25256502 4 22 theme Gravimetric 545:555 arg1 analysis 557:564 Gravimetric analysis 545:564 Gravimetric analysis 545:564 Gravimetric analysis, FTIR, GC-MS, UV spectroscopy, and ICP-OES were used to determine the yield, purity, and composition of the precipitates. 25256502 5 23 theme molecular 788:796 arg1 distribution 803:814 the molecular mass distribution 784:814 the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates 784:834 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 5 24 theme field-gradient 729:742 arg1 NMR 759:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR 722:761 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 5 25 theme precipitates 823:834 arg1 distribution 803:814 the molecular mass distribution 784:814 the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates 784:834 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 1 26 theme process 207:213 arg1 water 215:219 the process water 203:219 the process water 203:219 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 5 27 theme mass 798:801 arg1 distribution 803:814 the molecular mass distribution 784:814 the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates 784:834 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 7 28 from % 1084:1084 arg1 precipitates 1093:1104 the precipitates 1089:1104 the precipitates obtained with acetone 1089:1126 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 2 29 theme hemicelluloses 344:357 arg1 recovery 332:339 the recovery 328:339 the recovery of hemicelluloses precipitated from TMP process water via solubility reduction by adding antisolvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone 328:480 This paper examines the recovery of hemicelluloses precipitated from TMP process water via solubility reduction by adding antisolvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. 25256502 5 30 theme Gel 688:690 arg1 chromatography 703:716 Gel permeation chromatography 688:716 Gel permeation chromatography 688:716 Gel permeation chromatography and pulsed field-gradient self-diffusion NMR were used to measure the molecular mass distribution of the precipitates. 25256502 1 31 dep GGMs 179:182 arg1 mainly 151:156 mainly 151:156 mainly 151:156 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 6 32 theme lowest 925:930 arg1 addition 932:939 the lowest addition 921:939 the lowest addition 921:939 Acetone was found to be the most efficient antisolvent, giving the highest yield at the lowest addition. 25256502 1 33 theme spruce 127:132 arg1 pulping 110:116 the thermomechanical pulping 89:116 the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce 89:132 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 1 33 theme spruce 127:132 arg1 TMP 119:121 TMP 119:121 TMP 119:121 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 25256502 7 34 theme impurities 992:1001 arg1 contents 946:953 The contents 942:953 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities 942:1001 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 3 35 theme phase 487:491 arg1 separation 493:502 The phase separation 483:502 The phase separation 483:502 The phase separation was monitored by turbidity measurements. 25256502 7 36 from % 1026:1026 arg1 precipitates 1093:1104 the precipitates 1089:1104 the precipitates obtained with acetone 1089:1126 The contents of lipophilic extractives and lignin impurities were below 0.5% and 1.6%, respectively, and the metal content was approximately 2% in the precipitates obtained with acetone. 25256502 3 37 theme turbidity 521:529 arg1 measurements 531:542 turbidity measurements 521:542 turbidity measurements 521:542 The phase separation was monitored by turbidity measurements. 25256502 2 38 theme TMP 377:379 arg1 water 389:393 TMP process water 377:393 TMP process water via solubility reduction 377:418 This paper examines the recovery of hemicelluloses precipitated from TMP process water via solubility reduction by adding antisolvents such as methanol, ethanol, and acetone. 25256502 1 39 theme low 235:237 arg1 concentrations 239:252 relatively low concentrations 224:252 relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover 224:305 During the thermomechanical pulping (TMP) of spruce, hemicelluloses (mainly galactoglucomannans, GGMs) are released into the process water at relatively low concentrations that are currently impossible to efficiently recover. 28894650 2 0 theme biomarkers 478:487 arg1 detection 454:462 detection 454:462 detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues 454:524 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 2 1 from detection 454:462 arg1 fluids 507:512 complex bodily fluids 492:512 complex bodily fluids 492:512 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 2 1 from detection 454:462 arg1 tissues 518:524 tissues 518:524 tissues 518:524 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 2 2 theme cancer 471:476 arg1 biomarkers 478:487 new cancer biomarkers 467:487 new cancer biomarkers 467:487 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 3 3 from abundance 771:779 arg1 fluids 791:796 bodily fluids 784:796 bodily fluids 784:796 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 1 4 theme potential 126:134 arg1 biomarkers 136:145 potential biomarkers 126:145 potential biomarkers 126:145 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 4 5 theme numerous 933:940 arg1 biomarkers 959:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers 933:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future 933:999 When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. 28894650 2 6 contain having 332:337 arg1 Lectins 323:329 Lectins 323:329 Lectins 323:329 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 2 6 contain having 332:337 arg2 properties 343:352 the properties 339:352 the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates 339:417 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 4 7 theme cancer 952:957 arg1 biomarkers 959:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers 933:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future 933:999 When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. 28894650 3 8 theme conventional 729:740 arg1 methods 742:748 conventional methods 729:748 conventional methods 729:748 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 1 9 from changes 272:278 arg1 processes 312:320 cancer associated processes 294:320 cancer associated processes 294:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 1 10 theme biomarkers 136:145 arg1 screening 113:121 screening 113:121 screening of potential biomarkers 113:145 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 2 11 theme bodily 500:505 arg1 fluids 507:512 complex bodily fluids 492:512 complex bodily fluids 492:512 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 4 12 used used 982:985 arg2 biomarkers 959:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers 933:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future 933:999 When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. 28894650 2 13 theme carbohydrate 378:389 arg1 moieties 391:398 specific carbohydrate moieties 369:398 specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates 369:417 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 0 14 theme biomarkers 61:70 arg1 screening 31:39 screening 31:39 screening of potential cancer biomarkers 31:70 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 28894650 2 15 theme complex 492:498 arg1 fluids 507:512 complex bodily fluids 492:512 complex bodily fluids 492:512 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 5 16 theme discovery 1090:1098 arg1 research 1100:1107 cancer biomarker discovery research 1073:1107 cancer biomarker discovery research 1073:1107 This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research. 28894650 2 17 theme specific 369:376 arg1 moieties 391:398 specific carbohydrate moieties 369:398 specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates 369:417 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 2 18 theme effective 435:443 arg1 tool 445:448 an effective tool 432:448 an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues 432:524 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 1 19 theme altered 253:259 arg1 changes 272:278 altered structural changes 253:278 altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes 253:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 1 20 theme recent 76:81 arg1 years 83:87 recent years 76:87 recent years 76:87 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 1 21 theme increased 158:166 arg1 importance 168:177 increased importance 158:177 increased importance in cancer research 158:196 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 0 22 theme effective 12:20 arg1 tool 22:25 an effective tool 9:25 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 0:71 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 28894650 1 23 theme structural 261:270 arg1 changes 272:278 altered structural changes 253:278 altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes 253:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 5 24 theme cancer 1073:1078 arg1 research 1100:1107 cancer biomarker discovery research 1073:1107 cancer biomarker discovery research 1073:1107 This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research. 28894650 3 25 theme lectins 546:552 arg1 specificity 531:541 The specificity 527:541 The specificity of lectins 527:552 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 3 26 theme added 566:570 arg1 advantage 572:580 an added advantage 563:580 an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids 563:796 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 2 27 theme new 467:469 arg1 biomarkers 478:487 new cancer biomarkers 467:487 new cancer biomarkers 467:487 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 2 28 theme glycoconjugates 403:417 arg1 moieties 391:398 specific carbohydrate moieties 369:398 specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates 369:417 Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. 28894650 4 29 theme mass 817:820 arg1 spectrometry 822:833 mass spectrometry 817:833 mass spectrometry 817:833 When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. 28894650 1 30 theme cancer 182:187 arg1 research 189:196 cancer research 182:196 cancer research 182:196 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 3 31 gly glycosylated 625:636 arg1 peptides 595:602 peptides 595:602 peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids 595:796 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 1 32 theme glycans 283:289 arg1 changes 272:278 altered structural changes 253:278 altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes 253:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 3 33 theme low 767:769 arg1 abundance 771:779 their low abundance 761:779 their low abundance in bodily fluids 761:796 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 4 34 theme potential 942:950 arg1 biomarkers 959:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers 933:968 numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future 933:999 When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. 28894650 3 35 theme bodily 784:789 arg1 fluids 791:796 bodily fluids 784:796 bodily fluids 784:796 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 5 36 theme biomarker 1080:1088 arg1 research 1100:1107 cancer biomarker discovery research 1073:1107 cancer biomarker discovery research 1073:1107 This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research. 28894650 4 37 theme biomarkers 959:968 arg1 identification 915:928 identification 915:928 identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future 915:999 When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. 28894650 1 38 theme cancer 294:299 arg1 processes 312:320 cancer associated processes 294:320 cancer associated processes 294:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 1 39 from development 209:219 arg1 glycobiology 224:235 glycobiology 224:235 glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes 224:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 5 40 theme lectin-based 1023:1034 arg1 methods 1036:1042 lectin-based methods 1023:1042 lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research 1023:1107 This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research. 28894650 1 41 from importance 168:177 arg1 research 189:196 cancer research 182:196 cancer research 182:196 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 1 42 theme associated 301:310 arg1 processes 312:320 cancer associated processes 294:320 cancer associated processes 294:320 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 3 43 theme cancer 666:671 arg1 patients 673:680 cancer patients 666:680 cancer patients 666:680 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 1 44 theme lectins 101:107 arg1 use 94:96 the use 90:96 the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers 90:145 In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. 28894650 0 45 theme cancer 54:59 arg1 biomarkers 61:70 potential cancer biomarkers 44:70 potential cancer biomarkers 44:70 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 28894650 3 46 theme patients 673:680 arg1 patients 673:680 cancer patients 666:680 cancer patients 666:680 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 3 46 theme patients 673:680 arg1 many 683:686 many 683:686 many 683:686 The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. 28894650 0 47 theme potential 44:52 arg1 biomarkers 61:70 potential cancer biomarkers 44:70 potential cancer biomarkers 44:70 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 28894650 0 48 dep Lectins 0:6 arg1 tool 22:25 an effective tool 9:25 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 0:71 Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers. 28522678 6 0 dep smokers 832:838 arg1 15 minutes 841:850 15 minutes 841:850 15 minutes after smoking 841:864 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 12 1 theme downstream 2306:2315 arg1 C 2351:2351 their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C 2300:2351 their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C 2300:2351 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 5 2 theme smoking-associated 639:656 arg1 changes 658:664 cigarette smoking-associated changes 629:664 cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma 629:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 9 3 dep level 1777:1781 arg1 the 1773:1775 the 1773:1775 the 1773:1775 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 12 4 theme phospholipase 2337:2349 arg1 C 2351:2351 their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C 2300:2351 their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C 2300:2351 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 6 5 theme percent 983:989 arg1 aggregation 991:1001 the percent aggregation 979:1001 the percent aggregation of platelets 979:1014 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 8 6 theme spectrometry 1439:1450 arg1 analyses 1452:1459 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses 1390:1459 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1390:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 5 7 theme catecholamine 716:728 arg1 levels 730:735 elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels 698:735 levels 730:735 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 10 8 theme hyperactive 2061:2071 arg1 levels 2073:2078 hyperactive levels 2061:2078 hyperactive levels 2061:2078 CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling accelerates the trafficking dynamics of platelets, and this remodels the surface proteins and glycans and predisposes platelets to hyperactive levels. 28522678 9 9 theme 5-HT 1672:1675 arg1 receptors 1694:1702 5-HT or catecholamine receptors 1672:1702 receptors 1694:1702 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 12 10 from smokers 2458:2464 arg1 level 2426:2430 an increased tonic level 2407:2430 an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers 2407:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 8 11 theme glycans 1468:1474 arg1 analyses 1452:1459 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses 1390:1459 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1390:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 9 12 theme catecholamine 1680:1692 arg1 receptors 1694:1702 5-HT or catecholamine receptors 1672:1702 receptors 1694:1702 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 12 13 theme platelet 2256:2263 arg1 5-HT 2265:2268 platelet 5-HT 2256:2268 platelet 5-HT 2256:2268 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 3 14 theme sympathetic 313:323 arg1 system 333:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system 298:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system 298:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood at supraphysiological levels. 28522678 11 15 theme activity 2201:2208 arg1 concentrations 2140:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations 2109:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity 2109:2208 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 2 16 theme sympathetic 270:280 arg1 system 290:295 the sympathetic nervous system 266:295 the sympathetic nervous system 266:295 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 5 17 theme study 608:612 arg1 goal 596:599 The goal 592:599 The goal of our study 592:612 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 8 18 theme laser 1406:1410 arg1 spectrometry 1439:1450 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry 1390:1450 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1390:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 4 19 theme increased 525:533 arg1 risk 535:538 the increased risk 521:538 the increased risk of thrombosis 521:552 The correlation between these pathological conditions induced by smoking and the increased risk of thrombosis has not been thoroughly investigated. 28522678 8 20 theme plasma 1497:1502 arg1 membranes 1504:1512 platelet plasma membranes 1488:1512 platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1488:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 9 21 theme 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated 1721:1747 arg1 aggregation 1749:1759 the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation 1717:1759 the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation 1717:1759 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 12 22 theme activation 2444:2453 arg1 level 2426:2430 an increased tonic level 2407:2430 an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers 2407:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 12 23 from level 2426:2430 arg1 smokers 2458:2464 smokers 2458:2464 smokers 2458:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 12 23 from level 2426:2430 arg1 pathways-resulting 2385:2402 pathways-resulting 2385:2402 pathways-resulting 2385:2402 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 7 24 theme plasma 1113:1118 arg1 membranes 1120:1128 platelet plasma membranes 1104:1128 platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1104:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 8 25 theme smokers 1521:1527 arg1 membranes 1504:1512 platelet plasma membranes 1488:1512 platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1488:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 0 26 theme Platelets 86:94 arg1 Pathways 74:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways 44:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets 44:94 Cigarette Smoking-Associated Alterations in Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets. 28522678 2 27 theme system 290:295 arg1 activation 252:261 central nervous system-mediated activation 220:261 central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system 220:295 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 0 28 from Alterations 29:39 arg1 Pathways 74:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways 44:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets 44:94 Cigarette Smoking-Associated Alterations in Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets. 28522678 12 29 theme tonic 2420:2424 arg1 level 2426:2430 an increased tonic level 2407:2430 an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers 2407:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 5 30 theme platelet 669:676 arg1 biology 678:684 platelet biology 669:684 platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma 669:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 9 31 from composition 1787:1797 arg1 surfaces 1821:1828 platelet surfaces 1812:1828 platelet surfaces 1812:1828 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 12 32 theme platelet 2435:2442 arg1 activation 2444:2453 platelet activation 2435:2453 platelet activation in smokers 2435:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 3 33 theme catecholamine 389:401 arg1 secretion 355:363 the secretion 351:363 the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood 351:412 The overactive sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood at supraphysiological levels. 28522678 5 34 theme cigarette 629:637 arg1 changes 658:664 cigarette smoking-associated changes 629:664 cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma 629:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 1 35 theme Cigarette 108:116 arg1 smoking 118:124 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking 97:124 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking 97:124 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases. 28522678 8 36 theme glycans 1575:1581 arg1 structures 1561:1570 the level and structures 1547:1570 structures 1561:1570 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 8 36 theme glycans 1575:1581 arg1 level 1551:1555 the level and structures 1547:1570 level 1551:1555 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 8 36 theme glycans 1575:1581 arg1 different 1587:1595 different 1587:1595 different 1587:1595 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 10 37 theme 5-HT/catecholamine 1901:1918 arg1 signaling 1920:1928 smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling 1882:1928 smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling 1882:1928 CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling accelerates the trafficking dynamics of platelets, and this remodels the surface proteins and glycans and predisposes platelets to hyperactive levels. 28522678 7 38 theme Liquid 1024:1029 arg1 spectrometry 1058:1069 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1024:1069 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1024:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 7 39 theme cytoskeletal 1241:1252 arg1 network 1254:1260 the actin cytoskeletal network 1231:1260 the actin cytoskeletal network 1231:1260 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 3 40 theme supraphysiological 417:434 arg1 levels 436:441 supraphysiological levels 417:441 supraphysiological levels 417:441 The overactive sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood at supraphysiological levels. 28522678 1 41 theme major 134:138 arg1 role 140:143 a major role 132:143 a major role 132:143 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases. 28522678 2 42 theme smoking 204:210 arg1 effects 183:189 The acute effects 173:189 The acute effects of cigarette smoking 173:210 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 10 43 theme trafficking 1946:1956 arg1 dynamics 1958:1965 the trafficking dynamics 1942:1965 the trafficking dynamics of platelets 1942:1978 CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling accelerates the trafficking dynamics of platelets, and this remodels the surface proteins and glycans and predisposes platelets to hyperactive levels. 28522678 0 44 theme Serotonin/Adrenalin 44:62 arg1 Pathways 74:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways 44:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets 44:94 Cigarette Smoking-Associated Alterations in Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets. 28522678 11 45 contain had 2105:2107 arg1 platelets 2090:2098 Smokers' platelets 2081:2098 Smokers' platelets 2081:2098 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 11 45 contain had 2105:2107 arg2 concentrations 2140:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations 2109:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity 2109:2208 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 5 46 from levels 730:735 arg1 plasma 746:751 blood plasma 740:751 blood plasma 740:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 6 47 theme 5-HT/catecholamine 926:943 arg1 concentration 945:957 the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration 915:957 the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold 915:973 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 2 48 theme system-mediated 236:250 arg1 activation 252:261 central nervous system-mediated activation 220:261 central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system 220:295 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 8 49 theme surface 1627:1633 arg1 glycans 1635:1641 the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans 1602:1641 the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans 1602:1641 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 11 50 theme resting 2132:2138 arg1 concentrations 2140:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations 2109:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity 2109:2208 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 2 51 theme central 220:226 arg1 activation 252:261 central nervous system-mediated activation 220:261 central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system 220:295 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 11 52 theme transglutaminase 2184:2199 arg1 activity 2201:2208 transglutaminase activity 2184:2208 transglutaminase activity 2184:2208 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 12 53 from pathways-resulting 2385:2402 arg1 level 2426:2430 an increased tonic level 2407:2430 an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers 2407:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 11 54 theme calcium 2172:2178 arg1 concentrations 2140:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations 2109:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity 2109:2208 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 6 55 theme platelets 1006:1014 arg1 aggregation 991:1001 the percent aggregation 979:1001 the percent aggregation of platelets 979:1014 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 6 55 theme platelets 1006:1014 arg1 concentration 945:957 the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration 915:957 the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold 915:973 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 9 56 from level 1777:1781 arg1 surfaces 1821:1828 platelet surfaces 1812:1828 platelet surfaces 1812:1828 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 5 57 theme blood 740:744 arg1 plasma 746:751 blood plasma 740:751 blood plasma 740:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 6 58 theme cigarette 887:895 arg1 smoking 897:903 cigarette smoking 887:903 cigarette smoking 887:903 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 4 59 theme pathological 474:485 arg1 conditions 487:496 these pathological conditions 468:496 these pathological conditions induced by smoking 468:515 The correlation between these pathological conditions induced by smoking and the increased risk of thrombosis has not been thoroughly investigated. 28522678 2 60 theme acute 177:181 arg1 effects 183:189 The acute effects 173:189 The acute effects of cigarette smoking 173:210 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 5 61 theme elevated 698:705 arg1 5-HT 707:710 elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels 698:735 5-HT 707:710 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 9 62 theme Pharmacological 1644:1658 arg1 blockade 1660:1667 Pharmacological blockade 1644:1667 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors 1644:1702 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 12 63 theme effectors-including 2317:2335 arg1 C 2351:2351 their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C 2300:2351 their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C 2300:2351 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 3 64 theme overactive 302:311 arg1 system 333:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system 298:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system 298:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood at supraphysiological levels. 28522678 8 65 theme desorption/ionization-mass 1412:1437 arg1 spectrometry 1439:1450 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry 1390:1450 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1390:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 12 66 theme catecholamine 2271:2283 arg1 signaling 2285:2293 catecholamine signaling 2271:2293 catecholamine signaling 2271:2293 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 7 67 theme actin 1235:1239 arg1 network 1254:1260 the actin cytoskeletal network 1231:1260 the actin cytoskeletal network 1231:1260 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 7 68 theme proteins 1083:1090 arg1 analysis 1071:1078 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis 1024:1078 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1024:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 2 69 theme nervous 282:288 arg1 system 290:295 the sympathetic nervous system 266:295 the sympathetic nervous system 266:295 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 9 70 theme receptors 1694:1702 arg1 blockade 1660:1667 Pharmacological blockade 1644:1667 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors 1644:1702 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 3 71 theme nervous 325:331 arg1 system 333:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system 298:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system 298:338 The overactive sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood at supraphysiological levels. 28522678 11 72 theme higher 2125:2130 arg1 concentrations 2140:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations 2109:2153 correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity 2109:2208 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 7 73 theme GTPase-activating 1174:1190 arg1 proteins 1192:1199 GTPase-activating proteins 1174:1199 GTPase-activating proteins 1174:1199 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 7 74 theme nonsmokers 1145:1154 arg1 membranes 1120:1128 platelet plasma membranes 1104:1128 platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1104:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 5 75 from changes 658:664 arg1 biology 678:684 platelet biology 669:684 platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma 669:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 8 76 theme Matrix-assisted 1390:1404 arg1 spectrometry 1439:1450 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry 1390:1450 Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1390:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 3 77 theme serotonin 368:376 arg1 secretion 355:363 the secretion 351:363 the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood 351:412 The overactive sympathetic nervous system stimulates the secretion of serotonin (5-HT) and catecholamine into blood at supraphysiological levels. 28522678 6 78 theme plasma 919:924 arg1 concentration 945:957 the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration 915:957 the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold 915:973 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 8 79 theme platelet 1488:1495 arg1 membranes 1504:1512 platelet plasma membranes 1488:1512 platelet plasma membranes of the smokers 1488:1527 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 12 80 from activation 2444:2453 arg1 smokers 2458:2464 smokers 2458:2464 smokers 2458:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 7 81 theme smokers 1133:1139 arg1 membranes 1120:1128 platelet plasma membranes 1104:1128 platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1104:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 1 82 theme cardiovascular 148:161 arg1 diseases 163:170 cardiovascular diseases 148:170 cardiovascular diseases 148:170 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases. 28522678 8 83 from glycans 1635:1641 arg1 level 1551:1555 the level and structures 1547:1570 level 1551:1555 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 8 83 from glycans 1635:1641 arg1 different 1587:1595 different 1587:1595 different 1587:1595 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 7 84 theme platelet 1104:1111 arg1 membranes 1120:1128 platelet plasma membranes 1104:1128 platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1104:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 12 85 theme increased 2410:2418 arg1 level 2426:2430 an increased tonic level 2407:2430 an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers 2407:2464 These findings suggest a link among smoking, platelet 5-HT, catecholamine signaling, and their downstream effectors-including phospholipase C and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate pathways-resulting in an increased tonic level of platelet activation in smokers. 28522678 4 86 theme thrombosis 543:552 arg1 conditions 487:496 these pathological conditions 468:496 these pathological conditions induced by smoking 468:515 The correlation between these pathological conditions induced by smoking and the increased risk of thrombosis has not been thoroughly investigated. 28522678 4 86 theme thrombosis 543:552 arg1 risk 535:538 the increased risk 521:538 the increased risk of thrombosis 521:552 The correlation between these pathological conditions induced by smoking and the increased risk of thrombosis has not been thoroughly investigated. 28522678 1 87 theme BACKGROUND 97:106 arg1 smoking 118:124 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking 97:124 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking 97:124 BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases. 28522678 6 88 theme blood 780:784 arg1 samples 786:792 blood samples 780:792 blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking) 780:865 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 0 89 theme Smoking-Associated 10:27 arg1 Alterations 29:39 Smoking-Associated Alterations 10:39 Smoking-Associated Alterations in Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets 10:94 Cigarette Smoking-Associated Alterations in Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets. 28522678 7 90 theme spectrometry 1058:1069 arg1 analysis 1071:1078 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis 1024:1078 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1024:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 9 91 theme platelet 1812:1819 arg1 surfaces 1821:1828 platelet surfaces 1812:1828 platelet surfaces 1812:1828 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 10 92 theme smoking-associated 1882:1899 arg1 signaling 1920:1928 smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling 1882:1928 smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling 1882:1928 CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling accelerates the trafficking dynamics of platelets, and this remodels the surface proteins and glycans and predisposes platelets to hyperactive levels. 28522678 7 93 theme platelet 1321:1328 arg1 membranes 1330:1338 smokers' platelet membranes 1312:1338 smokers' platelet membranes 1312:1338 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 7 94 theme chromatography-tandem 1031:1051 arg1 spectrometry 1058:1069 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1024:1069 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1024:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 9 95 theme glycan 1802:1807 arg1 composition 1787:1797 composition 1787:1797 composition 1787:1797 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 9 95 theme glycan 1802:1807 arg1 level 1777:1781 level 1777:1781 level 1777:1781 Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT or catecholamine receptors counteracted the 5-HT/catecholamine-mediated aggregation and altered the level and composition of glycan on platelet surfaces. 28522678 0 96 theme Signaling 64:72 arg1 Pathways 74:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways 44:81 Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets 44:94 Cigarette Smoking-Associated Alterations in Serotonin/Adrenalin Signaling Pathways of Platelets. 28522678 5 97 from 5-HT 707:710 arg1 plasma 746:751 blood plasma 740:751 blood plasma 740:751 The goal of our study was to explore cigarette smoking-associated changes in platelet biology mediated by elevated 5-HT and catecholamine levels in blood plasma. 28522678 6 98 theme several 962:968 arg1 fold 970:973 several fold 962:973 several fold 962:973 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 2 99 theme cigarette 194:202 arg1 smoking 204:210 cigarette smoking 194:210 cigarette smoking 194:210 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 11 100 theme intracellular 2158:2170 arg1 calcium 2172:2178 intracellular calcium 2158:2178 intracellular calcium 2158:2178 Smokers' platelets also had correspondingly higher resting concentrations of intracellular calcium and transglutaminase activity. 28522678 7 101 theme mass 1053:1056 arg1 spectrometry 1058:1069 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 1024:1069 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers 1024:1154 Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins eluted from platelet plasma membranes of smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that GTPase-activating proteins and proteins participating in the actin cytoskeletal network were differentially and significantly elevated in smokers' platelet membranes compared with those of nonsmokers. 28522678 2 102 theme nervous 228:234 arg1 activation 252:261 central nervous system-mediated activation 220:261 central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system 220:295 The acute effects of cigarette smoking produce central nervous system-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 28522678 8 103 theme platelet 1618:1625 arg1 glycans 1635:1641 the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans 1602:1641 the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans 1602:1641 Interestingly, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry analyses of the glycans eluted from platelet plasma membranes of the smokers demonstrated that the level and structures of glycans are different from the nonsmokers' platelet surface glycans. 28522678 10 104 theme platelets 1970:1978 arg1 dynamics 1958:1965 the trafficking dynamics 1942:1965 the trafficking dynamics of platelets 1942:1978 CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling accelerates the trafficking dynamics of platelets, and this remodels the surface proteins and glycans and predisposes platelets to hyperactive levels. 28522678 6 105 theme healthy 809:815 arg1 nonsmokers 817:826 healthy nonsmokers 809:826 healthy nonsmokers 809:826 METHODS AND RESULTS Using blood samples collected from healthy nonsmokers and smokers (15 minutes after smoking), we determined that cigarette smoking increased the plasma 5-HT/catecholamine concentration by several fold and the percent aggregation of platelets 2-fold. 28522678 10 106 theme surface 2003:2009 arg1 proteins 2011:2018 the surface proteins 1999:2018 the surface proteins 1999:2018 CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we propose that smoking-associated 5-HT/catecholamine signaling accelerates the trafficking dynamics of platelets, and this remodels the surface proteins and glycans and predisposes platelets to hyperactive levels. 27748923 1 0 theme crude 179:183 arg1 CMCP 210:213 CMCP 210:213 CMCP 210:213 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 1 0 theme crude 179:183 arg1 polysaccharide 194:207 crude mycelium polysaccharide 179:207 crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) 179:214 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 4 1 theme nitric 824:829 arg1 NO 838:839 NO 838:839 NO 838:839 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 4 1 theme nitric 824:829 arg1 oxide 831:835 nitric oxide 824:835 nitric oxide (NO) production 824:851 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 4 2 theme CMCP 793:796 arg1 effects 782:788 the effects 778:788 the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells 778:892 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 9 3 theme antioxidant 1439:1449 arg1 activities 1473:1482 antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities 1439:1482 antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP 1439:1489 These findings suggest that the total carbohydrate content may contribute to the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP. 27748923 5 4 theme 4.3x104 g/mol 961:973 arg1 weight 951:956 a molecular weight 939:956 a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol 939:973 The chemical analysis revealed that MCP had a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol and was composed primarily of D‑glucose, D‑galactose and D‑mannose. 27748923 4 5 theme MCP 802:804 arg1 effects 782:788 the effects 778:788 the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells 778:892 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 9 6 theme total 1375:1379 arg1 content 1394:1400 the total carbohydrate content 1371:1400 the total carbohydrate content 1371:1400 These findings suggest that the total carbohydrate content may contribute to the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP. 27748923 1 7 theme Tremella 278:285 arg1 mycelium 299:306 the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 274:306 the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 274:306 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 4 8 theme polysaccharides 735:749 arg1 activity 719:726 the immunostimulatory activity 697:726 the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides 697:749 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 8 9 theme tumor 1289:1293 arg1 necrosis 1295:1302 tumor necrosis factor‑α 1289:1311 tumor necrosis factor‑α 1289:1311 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 3 10 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 552:580 arg1 power 519:523 The reducing power and scavenging activity 506:547 power 519:523 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 3 10 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 552:580 arg1 activity 540:547 The reducing power and scavenging activity 506:547 activity 540:547 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 1 11 theme mycelium 185:192 arg1 CMCP 210:213 CMCP 210:213 CMCP 210:213 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 1 11 theme mycelium 185:192 arg1 polysaccharide 194:207 crude mycelium polysaccharide 179:207 crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) 179:214 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 7 12 theme improved 1165:1172 arg1 properties 1186:1195 improved antioxidant properties 1165:1195 improved antioxidant properties 1165:1195 Compared with CMCP, MCP demonstrated improved antioxidant properties. 27748923 6 13 theme carbohydrate 1053:1064 arg1 % 1111:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 6 13 theme carbohydrate 1053:1064 arg1 contents 1066:1073 The total carbohydrate contents 1043:1073 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP 1043:1089 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 1 14 theme polysaccharide 194:207 arg1 properties 165:174 the physiochemical and biological properties 131:174 the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 131:306 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 3 15 theme radicals 602:609 arg1 power 519:523 The reducing power and scavenging activity 506:547 power 519:523 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 3 15 theme radicals 602:609 arg1 activity 540:547 The reducing power and scavenging activity 506:547 activity 540:547 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 5 16 theme chemical 899:906 arg1 analysis 908:915 The chemical analysis 895:915 The chemical analysis 895:915 The chemical analysis revealed that MCP had a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol and was composed primarily of D‑glucose, D‑galactose and D‑mannose. 27748923 1 17 theme aurantialba 287:297 arg1 mycelium 299:306 the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 274:306 the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 274:306 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 4 18 theme RAW264.7 879:886 arg1 cells 888:892 RAW264.7 cells 879:892 RAW264.7 cells 879:892 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 4 19 theme immunostimulatory 701:717 arg1 activity 719:726 the immunostimulatory activity 697:726 the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides 697:749 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 8 20 theme RAW264.7 1223:1230 arg1 proliferation 1243:1255 RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation 1223:1255 RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation 1223:1255 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 4 21 from effects 782:788 arg1 production 842:851 nitric oxide (NO) production 824:851 nitric oxide (NO) production 824:851 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 4 21 from effects 782:788 arg1 secretion 866:874 cytokine secretion 857:874 cytokine secretion 857:874 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 4 21 from effects 782:788 arg1 proliferation 809:821 proliferation 809:821 proliferation 809:821 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 1 22 theme present 116:122 arg1 study 124:128 the present study 112:128 the present study 112:128 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 6 23 theme CMCP 1086:1089 arg1 % 1111:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 6 23 theme CMCP 1086:1089 arg1 contents 1066:1073 The total carbohydrate contents 1043:1073 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP 1043:1089 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 2 24 theme monosaccharide 442:455 arg1 composition 457:467 monosaccharide composition 442:467 monosaccharide composition 442:467 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 3 25 theme hydroxyl 593:600 arg1 radicals 602:609 hydroxyl radicals 593:609 hydroxyl radicals 593:609 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 1 26 theme biological 154:163 arg1 properties 165:174 the physiochemical and biological properties 131:174 the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 131:306 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 0 27 theme polysaccharides 48:62 arg1 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant 0:10 Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from Tremella aurantialba mycelia. 27748923 8 28 theme interleukin 1314:1324 arg1 IL 1327:1328 interleukin (IL)‑1 1314:1331 interleukin (IL)‑1 1314:1331 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 1 29 theme purified 220:227 arg1 MCP 254:256 MCP 254:256 MCP 254:256 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 1 29 theme purified 220:227 arg1 polysaccharide 238:251 purified mycelium polysaccharide 220:251 purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) 220:257 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 9 30 theme MCP 1487:1489 arg1 activities 1473:1482 antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities 1439:1482 antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP 1439:1489 These findings suggest that the total carbohydrate content may contribute to the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP. 27748923 2 31 theme protein 425:431 arg1 content 433:439 protein content 425:439 protein content 425:439 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 2 32 theme molecular 488:496 arg1 weight 498:503 molecular weight 488:503 molecular weight 488:503 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 7 33 theme antioxidant 1174:1184 arg1 properties 1186:1195 improved antioxidant properties 1165:1195 improved antioxidant properties 1165:1195 Compared with CMCP, MCP demonstrated improved antioxidant properties. 27748923 1 34 theme mycelium 229:236 arg1 MCP 254:256 MCP 254:256 MCP 254:256 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 1 34 theme mycelium 229:236 arg1 polysaccharide 238:251 purified mycelium polysaccharide 220:251 purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) 220:257 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 9 35 theme activities 1473:1482 arg1 improvement 1424:1434 the improvement 1420:1434 the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP 1420:1489 These findings suggest that the total carbohydrate content may contribute to the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP. 27748923 8 36 theme macrophage 1232:1241 arg1 proliferation 1243:1255 RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation 1223:1255 RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation 1223:1255 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 3 37 theme MCP 679:681 arg1 activity 658:665 the antioxidant activity 642:665 the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP 642:681 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 4 38 theme cytokine 857:864 arg1 secretion 866:874 cytokine secretion 857:874 cytokine secretion 857:874 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 9 39 theme immunostimulatory 1455:1471 arg1 activities 1473:1482 antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities 1439:1482 antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP 1439:1489 These findings suggest that the total carbohydrate content may contribute to the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP. 27748923 3 40 theme reducing 510:517 arg1 power 519:523 The reducing power and scavenging activity 506:547 power 519:523 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 9 41 theme carbohydrate 1381:1392 arg1 content 1394:1400 the total carbohydrate content 1371:1400 the total carbohydrate content 1371:1400 These findings suggest that the total carbohydrate content may contribute to the improvement of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of MCP. 27748923 3 42 theme scavenging 529:538 arg1 activity 540:547 The reducing power and scavenging activity 506:547 activity 540:547 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 5 43 theme molecular 941:949 arg1 weight 951:956 a molecular weight 939:956 a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol 939:973 The chemical analysis revealed that MCP had a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol and was composed primarily of D‑glucose, D‑galactose and D‑mannose. 27748923 4 44 theme oxide 831:835 arg1 production 842:851 nitric oxide (NO) production 824:851 nitric oxide (NO) production 824:851 Furthermore, the immunostimulatory activity of the polysaccharides was evaluated by detecting the effects of CMCP and MCP on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 cells. 27748923 1 45 theme physiochemical 135:148 arg1 properties 165:174 the physiochemical and biological properties 131:174 the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 131:306 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 1 46 theme polysaccharide 238:251 arg1 properties 165:174 the physiochemical and biological properties 131:174 the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium 131:306 In the present study, the physiochemical and biological properties of crude mycelium polysaccharide (CMCP) and purified mycelium polysaccharide (MCP) extracted from the Tremella aurantialba mycelium were investigated. 27748923 3 47 theme CMCP 670:673 arg1 activity 658:665 the antioxidant activity 642:665 the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP 642:681 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 5 48 contain had 935:937 arg1 MCP 931:933 MCP 931:933 MCP 931:933 The chemical analysis revealed that MCP had a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol and was composed primarily of D‑glucose, D‑galactose and D‑mannose. 27748923 5 48 contain had 935:937 arg2 weight 951:956 a molecular weight 939:956 a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol 939:973 The chemical analysis revealed that MCP had a molecular weight of 4.3x104 g/mol and was composed primarily of D‑glucose, D‑galactose and D‑mannose. 27748923 2 49 theme physiochemical 339:352 arg1 properties 354:363 physiochemical properties 339:363 physiochemical properties 339:363 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 2 50 theme properties 354:363 arg1 series 329:334 A series 327:334 A series of physiochemical properties 327:363 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 3 51 theme antioxidant 646:656 arg1 activity 658:665 the antioxidant activity 642:665 the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP 642:681 The reducing power and scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals were determined to investigate the antioxidant activity of CMCP and MCP. 27748923 8 52 theme necrosis 1295:1302 arg1 secretion 1276:1284 secretion 1276:1284 secretion 1276:1284 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 8 52 theme necrosis 1295:1302 arg1 proliferation 1243:1255 RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation 1223:1255 RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation 1223:1255 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 8 52 theme necrosis 1295:1302 arg1 production 1261:1270 production 1261:1270 production 1261:1270 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 8 52 theme necrosis 1295:1302 arg1 IL‑6 1337:1340 IL‑6 1337:1340 IL‑6 1337:1340 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 8 52 theme necrosis 1295:1302 arg1 IL 1327:1328 interleukin (IL)‑1 1314:1331 interleukin (IL)‑1 1314:1331 In addition, MCP induced RAW264.7 macrophage proliferation, NO production and secretion of tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑6. 27748923 2 53 theme total 396:400 arg1 sugar 402:406 the total sugar 392:406 the total sugar 392:406 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 2 54 theme uronic 409:414 arg1 acid 416:419 uronic acid 409:419 uronic acid 409:419 A series of physiochemical properties were determined, including the total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide composition and structure, and molecular weight. 27748923 6 55 theme total 1047:1051 arg1 % 1111:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 6 55 theme total 1047:1051 arg1 contents 1066:1073 The total carbohydrate contents 1043:1073 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP 1043:1089 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 0 56 dep Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 activities 34:43 activities 34:43 activities 34:43 Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from Tremella aurantialba mycelia. 27748923 6 57 theme MCP 1078:1080 arg1 % 1111:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 86.59 and 11.92% 1096:1111 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27748923 6 57 theme MCP 1078:1080 arg1 contents 1066:1073 The total carbohydrate contents 1043:1073 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP 1043:1089 The total carbohydrate contents of MCP and CMCP were 86.59 and 11.92%, respectively. 27604475 7 0 theme capillary 1287:1295 arg1 electrophoresis 1297:1311 capillary electrophoresis 1287:1311 capillary electrophoresis 1287:1311 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 10 1 with sites 1619:1623 arg1 specificities 1648:1660 precisely defined specificities 1630:1660 precisely defined specificities 1630:1660 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 12 2 theme flow 1981:1984 arg1 sorting 1986:1992 flow sorting 1981:1992 flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production 1981:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 3 3 theme variable 568:575 arg1 modifications 585:597 phase variable glucose modifications 562:597 phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens 562:632 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 1 4 theme high 189:192 arg1 number 194:199 a high number 187:199 a high number of registered salmonellosis cases 187:233 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 11 5 theme microtiter 1903:1912 arg1 assays 1920:1925 microtiter plate assays 1903:1925 microtiter plate assays 1903:1925 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 5 6 theme ELISA 920:924 arg1 assay 960:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 12 7 theme scale 2094:2098 arg1 preparations 2110:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations 2088:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production 2088:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 10 8 theme promising 1680:1688 arg1 tools 1690:1694 promising tools 1680:1694 promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies 1680:1787 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 11 9 theme Salmonella 1889:1898 arg1 phenotypes 1875:1884 glucosylation phenotypes 1861:1884 glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry 1861:1947 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 1 10 theme salmonellosis 215:227 arg1 cases 229:233 registered salmonellosis cases 204:233 registered salmonellosis cases 204:233 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 11 11 from phenotypes 1875:1884 arg1 cytometry 1939:1947 flow cytometry 1934:1947 flow cytometry 1934:1947 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 11 11 from phenotypes 1875:1884 arg1 assays 1920:1925 microtiter plate assays 1903:1925 microtiter plate assays 1903:1925 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 10 12 theme serotyping 1714:1723 arg1 procedures 1725:1734 serotyping procedures 1714:1734 serotyping procedures 1714:1734 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 9 13 theme glucosylation 1545:1557 arg1 state 1559:1563 their glucosylation state 1539:1563 their glucosylation state 1539:1563 Moreover, TSP as probes could also detect glucosylated strains in flow cytometry and distinguish multiphasic cultures differing in their glucosylation state. 27604475 12 14 theme phase 2064:2068 arg1 variations 2070:2079 phase variations 2064:2079 phase variations 2064:2079 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 3 15 theme additional 638:647 arg1 tools 649:653 additional tools 638:653 additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium 638:717 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 4 16 theme variable 781:788 arg1 state 814:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state 771:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 771:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 8 17 theme plate 1360:1364 arg1 format 1366:1371 a microtiter plate format 1347:1371 a microtiter plate format 1347:1371 The ELITA test worked rapidly in a microtiter plate format and was highly O-antigen specific. 27604475 1 18 dep BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 Typhimurium 145:155 Salmonella Typhimurium 134:155 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 111:172 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 0 19 theme variable 61:68 arg1 glucosylations 70:83 phase variable glucosylations 55:83 phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens 55:108 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 0 20 theme protein 24:30 arg1 assay 38:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 10 21 contain contain 1597:1603 arg2 sites 1619:1623 large binding sites 1605:1623 large binding sites with precisely defined specificities 1605:1660 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 10 21 contain contain 1597:1603 arg1 proteins 1588:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins 1566:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins 1566:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 6 22 theme discriminating 1037:1050 arg1 strains 1052:1058 discriminating strains 1037:1058 discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1037:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 6 23 from strains 1052:1058 arg1 successful 1023:1032 successful 1023:1032 successful 1023:1032 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 7 24 theme mass 1265:1268 arg1 spectrometry 1270:1281 mass spectrometry 1265:1281 mass spectrometry 1265:1281 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 4 25 theme Typhimurium 826:836 arg1 state 814:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state 771:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 771:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 7 26 theme strains 1252:1258 arg1 analyses 1225:1232 O-antigen compositional analyses 1201:1232 O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis 1201:1311 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 12 27 theme genetic 2029:2035 arg1 analyses 2037:2044 subsequent genetic analyses 2018:2044 subsequent genetic analyses 2018:2044 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 5 28 theme Salmonella 993:1002 arg1 strains 1004:1010 44 Salmonella strains 990:1010 44 Salmonella strains 990:1010 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 3 29 theme autoagglutination 451:467 arg1 tests 469:473 classical autoagglutination tests 441:473 classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers 441:528 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 4 30 theme glucosylation 800:812 arg1 state 814:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state 771:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 771:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 10 31 theme rapid 1739:1743 arg1 agents 1756:1761 rapid serotyping agents 1739:1761 rapid serotyping agents 1739:1761 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 0 32 theme Bacteriophage 0:12 arg1 assay 38:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 12 33 theme cell 1997:2000 arg1 populations 2002:2012 cell populations 1997:2012 cell populations 1997:2012 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 10 34 theme Tailspike 1578:1586 arg1 proteins 1588:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins 1566:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins 1566:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 7 35 theme O-antigen 1201:1209 arg1 analyses 1225:1232 O-antigen compositional analyses 1201:1232 O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis 1201:1311 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 1 36 theme Non-typhoid 122:132 arg1 BACKGROUND 111:120 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 111:172 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) 111:172 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 6 37 theme glucose 1073:1079 arg1 1-6 1081:1083 glucose 1-6 1073:1083 glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1073:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 10 38 theme binding 1611:1617 arg1 sites 1619:1623 large binding sites 1605:1623 large binding sites with precisely defined specificities 1605:1660 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 4 39 theme phages 887:892 arg1 TSP 868:870 TSP 868:870 TSP 868:870 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 4 39 theme phages 887:892 arg1 proteins 858:865 the tailspike proteins 844:865 the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 844:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 3 40 theme genetic 514:520 arg1 markers 522:528 specific genetic markers 505:528 specific genetic markers 505:528 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 6 41 theme non-glucosylated 1157:1172 arg1 strains 1174:1180 non-glucosylated strains 1157:1180 non-glucosylated strains 1157:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 3 42 theme O-antigen 666:674 arg1 phenotypes 690:699 O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes 666:699 O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium 666:717 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 5 43 theme tailspike 931:939 arg1 assay 960:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 10 44 theme defined 1640:1646 arg1 specificities 1648:1660 precisely defined specificities 1630:1660 precisely defined specificities 1630:1660 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 12 45 theme vaccine 2137:2143 arg1 production 2145:2154 vaccine production 2137:2154 vaccine production 2137:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 6 46 theme serotype 1139:1146 arg1 backbone 1129:1136 O-polysaccharide backbone 1112:1136 O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) 1112:1150 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 6 46 theme serotype 1139:1146 arg1 O1 1148:1149 serotype O1 1139:1149 serotype O1 1139:1149 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 1 47 theme important 260:268 arg1 tool 270:273 one important tool 256:273 one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease 256:327 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 2 48 from variations 340:349 arg1 O-antigens 367:376 glucosylated O-antigens 354:376 glucosylated O-antigens 354:376 Moreover, variations in glucosylated O-antigens are related to immunogenicity and spread in the host. 27604475 6 49 theme backbone 1129:1136 arg1 galactose 1099:1107 the galactose 1095:1107 the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1095:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 3 50 theme glucose 577:583 arg1 modifications 585:597 phase variable glucose modifications 562:597 phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens 562:632 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 9 51 theme flow 1474:1477 arg1 cytometry 1479:1487 flow cytometry 1474:1487 flow cytometry 1474:1487 Moreover, TSP as probes could also detect glucosylated strains in flow cytometry and distinguish multiphasic cultures differing in their glucosylation state. 27604475 12 52 theme O-antigen 2100:2108 arg1 preparations 2110:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations 2088:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production 2088:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 2 53 theme glucosylated 354:365 arg1 O-antigens 367:376 glucosylated O-antigens 354:376 glucosylated O-antigens 354:376 Moreover, variations in glucosylated O-antigens are related to immunogenicity and spread in the host. 27604475 3 54 theme phase 562:566 arg1 modifications 585:597 phase variable glucose modifications 562:597 phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens 562:632 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 3 55 dep tools 649:653 arg1 monitor 658:664 monitor 658:664 to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium 655:717 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 12 56 theme necessary 2123:2131 arg1 preparations 2110:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations 2088:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production 2088:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 9 57 theme multiphasic 1505:1515 arg1 cultures 1517:1524 multiphasic cultures 1505:1524 multiphasic cultures differing in their glucosylation state 1505:1563 Moreover, TSP as probes could also detect glucosylated strains in flow cytometry and distinguish multiphasic cultures differing in their glucosylation state. 27604475 11 58 theme plate 1914:1918 arg1 assays 1920:1925 microtiter plate assays 1903:1925 microtiter plate assays 1903:1925 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 5 59 used used 910:913 arg2 We 907:908 We 907:908 We 907:908 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 1 60 theme registered 204:213 arg1 cases 229:233 registered salmonellosis cases 204:233 registered salmonellosis cases 204:233 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 12 61 theme large 2088:2092 arg1 preparations 2110:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations 2088:2121 large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production 2088:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 8 62 theme ELITA 1318:1322 arg1 test 1324:1327 The ELITA test 1314:1327 The ELITA test 1314:1327 The ELITA test worked rapidly in a microtiter plate format and was highly O-antigen specific. 27604475 8 62 theme ELITA 1318:1322 arg1 specific 1398:1405 specific 1398:1405 specific 1398:1405 The ELITA test worked rapidly in a microtiter plate format and was highly O-antigen specific. 27604475 1 63 theme cases 229:233 arg1 number 194:199 a high number 187:199 a high number of registered salmonellosis cases 187:233 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 0 64 from glucosylations 70:83 arg1 O-antigens 99:108 Salmonella O-antigens 88:108 Salmonella O-antigens 88:108 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 11 65 theme flow 1934:1937 arg1 cytometry 1939:1947 flow cytometry 1934:1947 flow cytometry 1934:1947 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 5 66 theme ELITA 953:957 arg1 assay 960:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 7 67 with strains 1252:1258 arg1 spectrometry 1270:1281 mass spectrometry 1265:1281 mass spectrometry 1265:1281 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 7 67 with strains 1252:1258 arg1 electrophoresis 1297:1311 capillary electrophoresis 1287:1311 capillary electrophoresis 1287:1311 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 3 68 theme glucosylation 676:688 arg1 phenotypes 690:699 O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes 666:699 O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium 666:717 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 8 69 theme microtiter 1349:1358 arg1 format 1366:1371 a microtiter plate format 1347:1371 a microtiter plate format 1347:1371 The ELITA test worked rapidly in a microtiter plate format and was highly O-antigen specific. 27604475 4 70 dep phages 887:892 arg1 P22 902:904 P22 902:904 P22 902:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 4 70 dep phages 887:892 arg1 9NA 894:896 9NA 894:896 9NA 894:896 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 4 70 dep phages 887:892 arg1 phages 887:892 Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 876:904 Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 876:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 5 71 theme like 926:929 arg1 assay 960:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 12 72 theme subsequent 2018:2027 arg1 analyses 2037:2044 subsequent genetic analyses 2018:2044 subsequent genetic analyses 2018:2044 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 5 73 theme adsorption 941:950 arg1 assay 960:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay 915:964 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 7 74 theme respective 1241:1250 arg1 strains 1252:1258 the respective strains 1237:1258 the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis 1237:1311 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 11 75 theme glucosylation 1861:1873 arg1 phenotypes 1875:1884 glucosylation phenotypes 1861:1884 glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry 1861:1947 In this study, 9NA and P22TSP as probes could specifically distinguish glucosylation phenotypes of Salmonella on microtiter plate assays and in flow cytometry. 27604475 5 76 theme strains 1004:1010 arg1 library 979:985 a library 977:985 a library of 44 Salmonella strains 977:1010 We used this ELISA like tailspike adsorption (ELITA) assay to analyze a library of 44 Salmonella strains. 27604475 6 77 theme O-polysaccharide 1112:1127 arg1 backbone 1129:1136 O-polysaccharide backbone 1112:1136 O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) 1112:1150 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 6 77 theme O-polysaccharide 1112:1127 arg1 O1 1148:1149 serotype O1 1139:1149 serotype O1 1139:1149 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 6 78 contain carried 1065:1071 arg1 strains 1052:1058 discriminating strains 1037:1058 discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1037:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 6 78 contain carried 1065:1071 arg2 1-6 1081:1083 glucose 1-6 1073:1083 glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1073:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 10 79 theme serotyping 1745:1754 arg1 agents 1756:1761 rapid serotyping agents 1739:1761 rapid serotyping agents 1739:1761 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 0 80 theme tailspike 14:22 arg1 assay 38:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 12 81 theme populations 2002:2012 arg1 sorting 1986:1992 flow sorting 1981:1992 flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production 1981:2154 This opens the possibility for flow sorting of cell populations for subsequent genetic analyses or for monitoring phase variations during large scale O-antigen preparations necessary for vaccine production. 27604475 6 82 from successful 1023:1032 arg1 strains 1052:1058 discriminating strains 1037:1058 discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1037:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 4 83 theme O-antigen 790:798 arg1 state 814:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state 771:818 the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 771:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 3 84 theme classical 441:449 arg1 tests 469:473 classical autoagglutination tests 441:473 classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers 441:528 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 0 85 theme based 32:36 arg1 assay 38:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay 0:42 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 10 86 theme CONCLUSIONS 1566:1576 arg1 proteins 1588:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins 1566:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins 1566:1595 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 3 87 theme Typhimurium 707:717 arg1 phenotypes 690:699 O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes 666:699 O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium 666:717 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 9 88 from strains 1463:1469 arg1 cytometry 1479:1487 flow cytometry 1474:1487 flow cytometry 1474:1487 Moreover, TSP as probes could also detect glucosylated strains in flow cytometry and distinguish multiphasic cultures differing in their glucosylation state. 27604475 0 89 theme phase 55:59 arg1 glucosylations 70:83 phase variable glucosylations 55:83 phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens 55:108 Bacteriophage tailspike protein based assay to monitor phase variable glucosylations in Salmonella O-antigens. 27604475 1 90 theme disease 321:327 arg1 spread 307:312 spread 307:312 spread 307:312 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 1 90 theme disease 321:327 arg1 epidemiology 290:301 epidemiology 290:301 epidemiology 290:301 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 2 91 from immunogenicity 393:406 arg1 host 426:429 the host 422:429 the host 422:429 Moreover, variations in glucosylated O-antigens are related to immunogenicity and spread in the host. 27604475 10 92 theme large 1605:1609 arg1 sites 1619:1623 large binding sites 1605:1623 large binding sites with precisely defined specificities 1605:1660 CONCLUSIONS Tailspike proteins contain large binding sites with precisely defined specificities and are therefore promising tools to be included in serotyping procedures as rapid serotyping agents in addition to antibodies. 27604475 4 93 theme Salmonella 876:885 arg1 P22 902:904 P22 902:904 P22 902:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 4 93 theme Salmonella 876:885 arg1 9NA 894:896 9NA 894:896 9NA 894:896 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 4 93 theme Salmonella 876:885 arg1 phages 887:892 Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 876:904 Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 876:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 6 94 from strains 1174:1180 arg1 galactose 1099:1107 the galactose 1095:1107 the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1095:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 3 95 theme markers 522:528 arg1 analysis 493:500 the analysis 489:500 the analysis of specific genetic markers 489:528 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 4 96 dep RESULTS 739:745 arg1 developed 750:758 developed 750:758 developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 750:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 2 97 from spread 412:417 arg1 host 426:429 the host 422:429 the host 422:429 Moreover, variations in glucosylated O-antigens are related to immunogenicity and spread in the host. 27604475 1 98 dep Typhimurium 145:155 arg1 Typhimurium 161:171 S. Typhimurium 158:171 S. Typhimurium 158:171 BACKGROUND Non-typhoid Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) accounts for a high number of registered salmonellosis cases, and O-serotyping is one important tool for monitoring epidemiology and spread of the disease. 27604475 4 99 theme tailspike 848:856 arg1 TSP 868:870 TSP 868:870 TSP 868:870 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 4 99 theme tailspike 848:856 arg1 proteins 858:865 the tailspike proteins 844:865 the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22 844:904 RESULTS We developed a test for the phase variable O-antigen glucosylation state of S. Typhimurium using the tailspike proteins (TSP) of Salmonella phages 9NA and P22. 27604475 3 100 theme specific 505:512 arg1 markers 522:528 specific genetic markers 505:528 specific genetic markers 505:528 However, classical autoagglutination tests combined with the analysis of specific genetic markers cannot always reliably register phase variable glucose modifications expressed on Salmonella O-antigens and additional tools to monitor O-antigen glucosylation phenotypes of S. Typhimurium would be desirable. 27604475 6 101 attach linked 1085:1090 arg1 galactose 1099:1107 the galactose 1095:1107 the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1095:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 6 101 attach linked 1085:1090 arg2 1-6 1081:1083 glucose 1-6 1073:1083 glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains 1073:1180 ELITA was successful in discriminating strains that carried glucose 1-6 linked to the galactose of O-polysaccharide backbone (serotype O1) from non-glucosylated strains. 27604475 7 102 theme compositional 1211:1223 arg1 analyses 1225:1232 O-antigen compositional analyses 1201:1232 O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis 1201:1311 This was shown by O-antigen compositional analyses of the respective strains with mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. 27604475 9 103 theme glucosylated 1450:1461 arg1 strains 1463:1469 glucosylated strains 1450:1469 glucosylated strains in flow cytometry 1450:1487 Moreover, TSP as probes could also detect glucosylated strains in flow cytometry and distinguish multiphasic cultures differing in their glucosylation state. 28290279 12 0 theme units 1490:1494 arg1 Incorporation 1464:1476 Incorporation 1464:1476 Incorporation of syringyl units into the polymers over storage 1464:1525 Incorporation of syringyl units into the polymers over storage predominantly occurs through β-O-4-linkages. 28290279 11 1 theme resinol 1417:1423 arg1 structures 1425:1434 resinol structures 1417:1434 resinol structures 1417:1434 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 5 2 theme polysaccharide 558:571 arg1 composition 573:583 polysaccharide composition 558:583 polysaccharide composition 558:583 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 2 3 theme wall 263:266 arg1 components 288:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 8 4 theme stem 979:982 arg1 lignins 984:990 Broccoli stem lignins 970:990 Broccoli stem lignins 970:990 Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. 28290279 11 5 theme guaiacyl 1442:1449 arg1 lignin 1456:1461 a guaiacyl rich lignin 1440:1461 a guaiacyl rich lignin 1440:1461 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 2 6 theme Storage 120:126 arg1 changes 136:142 Storage related changes 120:142 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition 120:171 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 5 7 from Effects 523:529 arg1 contents 548:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 11 8 theme lignins 1371:1377 arg1 types 1348:1352 the interunit linkage types 1326:1352 the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins 1326:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 2 9 theme components 288:297 arg1 foods 219:223 plant-based foods 207:223 plant-based foods 207:223 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 2 9 theme components 288:297 arg1 effects 247:253 the physiological effects 229:253 the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components 229:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 11 10 theme broccoli 1357:1364 arg1 lignins 1371:1377 broccoli stem lignins 1357:1377 broccoli stem lignins 1357:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 3 11 from characterization 322:337 arg1 stems 394:398 broccoli stems 385:398 broccoli stems 385:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 2 12 theme dietary 274:280 arg1 components 288:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 2 13 theme plant-based 207:217 arg1 foods 219:223 plant-based foods 207:223 plant-based foods 207:223 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 2 14 from changes 136:142 arg1 composition 161:171 the cell wall composition 147:171 the cell wall composition 147:171 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 5 15 theme fiber 542:546 arg1 contents 548:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 10 16 theme increased 1254:1262 arg1 contents 1294:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 2 17 theme physiological 233:245 arg1 effects 247:253 the physiological effects 229:253 the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components 229:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 4 18 theme harvested 423:431 arg1 broccoli 433:440 Freshly harvested broccoli 415:440 Freshly harvested broccoli 415:440 Freshly harvested broccoli and broccoli stored at 20°C and 1°C for different periods of time were analyzed. 28290279 0 19 theme fiber 51:55 arg1 components 57:66 dietary fiber components 43:66 dietary fiber components of broccoli 43:78 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 5 20 from contents/composition 600:619 arg1 contents 548:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 4 21 theme different 482:490 arg1 periods 492:498 different periods 482:498 different periods of time 482:506 Freshly harvested broccoli and broccoli stored at 20°C and 1°C for different periods of time were analyzed. 28290279 10 22 theme lignin 1287:1292 arg1 contents 1294:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 9 23 contain contain 1076:1082 arg2 units 1127:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 9 23 contain contain 1076:1082 arg1 Lignins 1030:1036 Lignins 1030:1036 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems 1030:1074 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 9 23 contain contain 1076:1082 arg2 amounts 1100:1106 slightly larger amounts 1084:1106 slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units 1084:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 8 24 theme guaiacyl 1014:1021 arg1 units 1023:1027 guaiacyl units 1014:1027 guaiacyl units 1014:1027 Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. 28290279 3 25 theme cell 342:345 arg1 polysaccharides 352:366 cell wall polysaccharides 342:366 cell wall polysaccharides 342:366 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 10 26 theme bromide 1271:1277 arg1 contents 1294:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 7 27 theme side-chains 933:943 arg1 arabinans 945:953 the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans 914:953 the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans 914:953 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 11 28 theme linkage 1340:1346 arg1 types 1348:1352 the interunit linkage types 1326:1352 the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins 1326:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 7 29 theme neutral 918:924 arg1 arabinans 945:953 the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans 914:953 the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans 914:953 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 3 30 theme lignins 372:378 arg1 characterization 322:337 a detailed characterization 311:337 a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems 311:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 9 31 theme larger 1093:1098 arg1 amounts 1100:1106 slightly larger amounts 1084:1106 slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units 1084:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 9 31 theme larger 1093:1098 arg1 units 1127:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 0 32 theme Storage 0:6 arg1 changes 16:22 Storage related changes 0:22 Storage related changes of cell wall 0:35 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 7 33 theme polysaccharide 787:800 arg1 modifications 802:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications 771:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications 771:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 3 34 theme polysaccharides 352:366 arg1 characterization 322:337 a detailed characterization 311:337 a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems 311:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 7 35 theme Storage 771:777 arg1 modifications 802:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications 771:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications 771:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 2 36 theme cell 151:154 arg1 composition 161:171 the cell wall composition 147:171 the cell wall composition 147:171 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 9 37 theme units 1127:1131 arg1 amounts 1100:1106 slightly larger amounts 1084:1106 slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units 1084:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 9 37 theme units 1127:1131 arg1 units 1127:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 0 38 theme cell 27:30 arg1 wall 32:35 cell wall 27:35 cell wall 27:35 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 0 39 dep based 37:41 arg1 Brassica 81:88 Brassica 81:88 Brassica 81:88 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 3 40 theme broccoli 385:392 arg1 stems 394:398 broccoli stems 385:398 broccoli stems 385:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 9 41 theme syringyl 1138:1145 arg1 units 1147:1151 syringyl units 1138:1151 syringyl units 1138:1151 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 6 42 theme broccoli 735:742 arg1 stems 744:748 broccoli stems 735:748 broccoli stems 735:748 During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. 28290279 5 43 from 1°C 678:680 arg1 pronounced 636:645 pronounced 636:645 pronounced 636:645 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 11 44 theme structures 1425:1434 arg1 portions 1405:1412 comparably large portions 1388:1412 comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin 1388:1461 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 9 45 from stems 1070:1074 arg1 Lignins 1030:1036 Lignins 1030:1036 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems 1030:1074 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 8 46 from rich 1006:1009 arg1 units 1023:1027 guaiacyl units 1014:1027 guaiacyl units 1014:1027 Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. 28290279 6 47 theme dietary 709:715 arg1 contents 723:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents 699:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems 699:748 During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. 28290279 8 48 theme Broccoli 970:977 arg1 lignins 984:990 Broccoli stem lignins 970:990 Broccoli stem lignins 970:990 Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. 28290279 11 49 theme rich 1451:1454 arg1 lignin 1456:1461 a guaiacyl rich lignin 1440:1461 a guaiacyl rich lignin 1440:1461 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 2 50 theme based 268:272 arg1 components 288:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 7 51 theme xylans 866:871 arg1 increase 827:834 an increase 824:834 an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans 824:894 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 51 theme xylans 866:871 arg1 decrease 902:909 a decrease 900:909 a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans 900:967 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 6 52 dep 13 766:767 arg1 to 763:764 to 763:764 to 763:764 During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. 28290279 2 53 theme related 128:134 arg1 changes 136:142 Storage related changes 120:142 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition 120:171 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 2 54 theme cell 258:261 arg1 components 288:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 7 55 theme cellulose 855:863 arg1 portions 843:850 the portions 839:850 the portions of cellulose 839:863 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 55 theme cellulose 855:863 arg1 xylans 866:871 xylans 866:871 xylans 866:871 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 55 theme cellulose 855:863 arg1 homogalacturonans 878:894 homogalacturonans 878:894 homogalacturonans 878:894 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 12 56 theme syringyl 1481:1488 arg1 units 1490:1494 syringyl units 1481:1494 syringyl units 1481:1494 Incorporation of syringyl units into the polymers over storage predominantly occurs through β-O-4-linkages. 28290279 11 57 theme stem 1366:1369 arg1 lignins 1371:1377 broccoli stem lignins 1357:1377 broccoli stem lignins 1357:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 7 58 theme portions 843:850 arg1 increase 827:834 an increase 824:834 an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans 824:894 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 58 theme portions 843:850 arg1 decrease 902:909 a decrease 900:909 a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans 900:967 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 2 59 theme fiber 282:286 arg1 components 288:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 cell wall based dietary fiber components 258:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 8 60 from units 1023:1027 arg1 rich 1006:1009 rich 1006:1009 rich 1006:1009 Broccoli stem lignins are generally rich in guaiacyl units. 28290279 11 61 theme large 1399:1403 arg1 portions 1405:1412 comparably large portions 1388:1412 comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin 1388:1461 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 10 62 theme soluble 1279:1285 arg1 contents 1294:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 2 63 theme foods 219:223 arg1 texture 196:202 the texture 192:202 the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components 192:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 5 64 theme dietary 534:540 arg1 contents 548:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 5 65 from composition 573:583 arg1 contents 548:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 dietary fiber contents 534:555 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 10 66 theme acetyl 1264:1269 arg1 contents 1294:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents 1254:1301 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 2 67 theme effects 247:253 arg1 texture 196:202 the texture 192:202 the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components 192:297 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 9 68 theme broccoli 1061:1068 arg1 stems 1070:1074 freshly harvested broccoli stems 1043:1074 freshly harvested broccoli stems 1043:1074 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 3 69 theme detailed 313:320 arg1 characterization 322:337 a detailed characterization 311:337 a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems 311:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 10 70 theme lignin 1209:1214 arg1 polymers 1216:1223 the lignin polymers 1205:1223 the lignin polymers 1205:1223 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 0 71 theme broccoli 71:78 arg1 components 57:66 dietary fiber components 43:66 dietary fiber components of broccoli 43:78 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 3 72 from stems 394:398 arg1 lignins 372:378 lignins 372:378 lignins from broccoli stems 372:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 3 72 from stems 394:398 arg1 polysaccharides 352:366 cell wall polysaccharides 342:366 cell wall polysaccharides 342:366 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 3 72 from stems 394:398 arg1 characterization 322:337 a detailed characterization 311:337 a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems 311:398 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 4 73 theme time 503:506 arg1 periods 492:498 different periods 482:498 different periods of time 482:506 Freshly harvested broccoli and broccoli stored at 20°C and 1°C for different periods of time were analyzed. 28290279 9 74 theme harvested 1051:1059 arg1 stems 1070:1074 freshly harvested broccoli stems 1043:1074 freshly harvested broccoli stems 1043:1074 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 7 75 theme galactans 959:967 arg1 increase 827:834 an increase 824:834 an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans 824:894 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 75 theme galactans 959:967 arg1 decrease 902:909 a decrease 900:909 a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans 900:967 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 3 76 theme wall 347:350 arg1 polysaccharides 352:366 cell wall polysaccharides 342:366 cell wall polysaccharides 342:366 Therefore, a detailed characterization of cell wall polysaccharides and lignins from broccoli stems was performed. 28290279 11 77 theme NMR-based 1304:1312 arg1 analysis 1314:1321 NMR-based analysis 1304:1321 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins 1304:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 5 78 theme lignin 593:598 arg1 contents/composition 600:619 lignin contents/composition 593:619 lignin contents/composition 593:619 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 6 79 theme insoluble 699:707 arg1 contents 723:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents 699:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems 699:748 During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. 28290279 7 80 theme arabinans 945:953 arg1 increase 827:834 an increase 824:834 an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans 824:894 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 80 theme arabinans 945:953 arg1 decrease 902:909 a decrease 900:909 a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans 900:967 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 0 81 dep Brassica 81:88 arg1 oleracea 90:97 Brassica oleracea var 81:101 Brassica oleracea var 81:101 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 0 81 dep Brassica 81:88 arg1 var 99:101 var 99:101 Brassica oleracea var 81:101 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 11 82 theme types 1348:1352 arg1 analysis 1314:1321 NMR-based analysis 1304:1321 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins 1304:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 0 83 theme related 8:14 arg1 changes 16:22 Storage related changes 0:22 Storage related changes of cell wall 0:35 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 7 84 theme pectic 926:931 arg1 arabinans 945:953 the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans 914:953 the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans 914:953 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 11 85 theme interunit 1330:1338 arg1 types 1348:1352 the interunit linkage types 1326:1352 the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins 1326:1377 NMR-based analysis of the interunit linkage types of broccoli stem lignins revealed comparably large portions of resinol structures for a guaiacyl rich lignin. 28290279 2 86 theme wall 156:159 arg1 composition 161:171 the cell wall composition 147:171 the cell wall composition 147:171 Storage related changes in the cell wall composition potentially affect the texture of plant-based foods and the physiological effects of cell wall based dietary fiber components. 28290279 9 87 theme p-hydroxyphenyl 1111:1125 arg1 units 1127:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 p-hydroxyphenyl units 1111:1131 Lignins from freshly harvested broccoli stems contain slightly larger amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl units than syringyl units. 28290279 0 88 theme wall 32:35 arg1 changes 16:22 Storage related changes 0:22 Storage related changes of cell wall 0:35 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 7 89 theme related 779:785 arg1 modifications 802:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications 771:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications 771:814 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 0 90 theme dietary 43:49 arg1 components 57:66 dietary fiber components 43:66 dietary fiber components of broccoli 43:78 Storage related changes of cell wall based dietary fiber components of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. 28290279 5 91 from 20°C 665:668 arg1 pronounced 636:645 pronounced 636:645 pronounced 636:645 Effects on dietary fiber contents, polysaccharide composition, and on lignin contents/composition were much more pronounced during storage at 20°C than at 1°C. 28290279 6 92 theme stems 744:748 arg1 contents 723:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents 699:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems 699:748 During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. 28290279 10 93 theme Syringyl 1154:1161 arg1 units 1163:1167 Syringyl units 1154:1167 Syringyl units 1154:1167 Syringyl units are predominantly incorporated into the lignin polymers during storage, resulting in increased acetyl bromide soluble lignin contents. 28290279 7 94 theme homogalacturonans 878:894 arg1 increase 827:834 an increase 824:834 an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans 824:894 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 7 94 theme homogalacturonans 878:894 arg1 decrease 902:909 a decrease 900:909 a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans 900:967 Storage related polysaccharide modifications include an increase of the portions of cellulose, xylans, and homogalacturonans and a decrease of the neutral pectic side-chains arabinans and galactans. 28290279 6 95 theme fiber 717:721 arg1 contents 723:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents 699:730 insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems 699:748 During storage, insoluble dietary fiber contents of broccoli stems increased up to 13%. 25441082 7 0 theme Factors 1296:1302 arg1 determination 1246:1258 the determination 1242:1258 the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR 1242:1355 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 5 1 theme catalytic 968:976 arg1 pyrolysis 978:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 952:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 952:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 2 2 theme composition 371:381 arg1 elucidation 342:352 The elucidation 338:352 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition 338:381 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition is essential for a rational design of both its production and utilization process. 25441082 2 2 theme composition 371:381 arg1 essential 386:394 essential 386:394 essential 386:394 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition is essential for a rational design of both its production and utilization process. 25441082 5 3 theme mixture 1035:1041 arg1 pyrolysis 978:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 952:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 952:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 1 4 theme catalytic 189:197 arg1 pyrolysis 199:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 177:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 177:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 1 4 theme catalytic 189:197 arg1 processes 223:231 efficient processes 213:231 efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals 213:335 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 8 5 theme mentioned 1434:1442 arg1 bio-oils 1444:1451 the above mentioned bio-oils 1424:1451 the above mentioned bio-oils 1424:1451 The developed method was applied to the above mentioned bio-oils and their detailed analysis is presented. 25441082 1 6 theme liquid 281:286 arg1 carrier 295:301 a liquid energy carrier 279:301 a liquid energy carrier 279:301 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 0 7 theme two-dimensional 103:117 arg1 chromatography 123:136 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography 89:136 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry 89:174 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 4 8 theme resolution 833:842 arg1 capacity 844:851 resolution capacity 833:851 resolution capacity 833:851 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 3 9 theme chromatographic 590:604 arg1 techniques 606:615 conventional chromatographic techniques 577:615 conventional chromatographic techniques 577:615 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 1 10 theme energy 288:293 arg1 carrier 295:301 a liquid energy carrier 279:301 a liquid energy carrier 279:301 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 0 11 theme comprehensive 89:101 arg1 chromatography 123:136 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography 89:136 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry 89:174 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 7 12 theme standard 1195:1202 arg1 solution 1204:1211 a standard solution 1193:1211 a standard solution of 39 compounds 1193:1227 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 13 theme statistical 1320:1330 arg1 methods 1332:1338 statistical methods 1320:1338 statistical methods 1320:1338 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 8 14 theme developed 1392:1400 arg1 method 1402:1407 The developed method 1388:1407 The developed method 1388:1407 The developed method was applied to the above mentioned bio-oils and their detailed analysis is presented. 25441082 4 15 theme suitable 757:764 arg1 technique 766:774 a suitable technique 755:774 a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity 755:851 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 4 16 theme bio-oil 780:786 arg1 analysis 788:795 bio-oil analysis 780:795 bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity 780:851 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 9 17 theme diverse 1538:1544 arg1 concentration 1546:1558 their diverse concentration 1532:1558 their diverse concentration 1532:1558 The different compounds produced and their diverse concentration allows for an elucidation of the pyrolysis mechanism and highlight the effect of the catalyst. 25441082 3 18 theme quantitative 550:561 arg1 analysis 563:570 their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis 519:570 their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis 519:570 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 5 19 theme thermal 956:962 arg1 pyrolysis 978:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 952:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 952:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 9 20 theme different 1499:1507 arg1 compounds 1509:1517 The different compounds 1495:1517 The different compounds produced 1495:1526 The different compounds produced and their diverse concentration allows for an elucidation of the pyrolysis mechanism and highlight the effect of the catalyst. 25441082 0 21 theme gas 119:121 arg1 chromatography 123:136 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography 89:136 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry 89:174 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 5 22 theme standard 991:998 arg1 xylan 1000:1004 standard xylan 991:1004 standard xylan 991:1004 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 0 23 with chromatography 123:136 arg1 spectrometry 163:174 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 143:174 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 143:174 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 0 24 theme Quantitative 0:11 arg1 analysis 29:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis 0:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 0:75 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 2 25 theme rational 402:409 arg1 design 411:416 a rational design 400:416 a rational design of both its production and utilization process 400:463 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition is essential for a rational design of both its production and utilization process. 25441082 5 26 theme tentative 877:885 arg1 analysis 916:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis 873:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 873:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 9 27 theme mechanism 1603:1611 arg1 elucidation 1574:1584 an elucidation 1571:1584 an elucidation of the pyrolysis mechanism 1571:1611 The different compounds produced and their diverse concentration allows for an elucidation of the pyrolysis mechanism and highlight the effect of the catalyst. 25441082 5 28 theme lignin 1018:1023 arg1 pyrolysis 978:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 952:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 952:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 1 29 theme efficient 213:221 arg1 pyrolysis 199:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 177:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 177:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 1 29 theme efficient 213:221 arg1 processes 223:231 efficient processes 213:231 efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals 213:335 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 2 30 theme process 457:463 arg1 design 411:416 a rational design 400:416 a rational design of both its production and utilization process 400:463 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition is essential for a rational design of both its production and utilization process. 25441082 7 31 theme method 1173:1178 arg1 development 1180:1190 the method development 1169:1190 the method development 1169:1190 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 9 32 theme catalyst 1645:1652 arg1 effect 1631:1636 the effect 1627:1636 the effect of the catalyst 1627:1652 The different compounds produced and their diverse concentration allows for an elucidation of the pyrolysis mechanism and highlight the effect of the catalyst. 25441082 2 33 theme utilization 445:455 arg1 process 457:463 utilization process 445:463 utilization process 445:463 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition is essential for a rational design of both its production and utilization process. 25441082 5 34 theme qualitative 887:897 arg1 analysis 916:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis 873:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 873:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 0 35 theme time-of-flight 143:156 arg1 spectrometry 163:174 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 143:174 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 143:174 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 8 36 theme detailed 1463:1470 arg1 analysis 1472:1479 their detailed analysis 1457:1479 their detailed analysis 1457:1479 The developed method was applied to the above mentioned bio-oils and their detailed analysis is presented. 25441082 3 37 theme conventional 577:588 arg1 techniques 606:615 conventional chromatographic techniques 577:615 conventional chromatographic techniques 577:615 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 2 38 theme production 430:439 arg1 design 411:416 a rational design 400:416 a rational design of both its production and utilization process 400:463 The elucidation of the bio-oil's composition is essential for a rational design of both its production and utilization process. 25441082 0 39 theme qualitative 17:27 arg1 analysis 29:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis 0:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 0:75 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 1 40 theme general 309:315 arg1 source 317:322 a general source 307:322 a general source of chemicals 307:335 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 4 41 theme Two-dimensional 654:668 arg1 chromatography 674:687 Two-dimensional gas chromatography 654:687 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) 654:739 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 3 42 theme complete 525:532 arg1 analysis 563:570 their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis 519:570 their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis 519:570 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 3 43 theme complex 479:485 arg1 composition 487:497 the complex composition 475:497 the complex composition of bio-oils 475:509 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 0 44 theme hemicellulose 41:53 arg1 analysis 29:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis 0:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 0:75 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 4 45 with chromatography 674:687 arg1 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 4 45 with chromatography 674:687 arg1 spectrometry 714:725 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 694:725 time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) 694:739 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 5 46 theme bio-oils 928:935 arg1 analysis 916:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis 873:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 873:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 6 47 theme quantitative 1104:1115 arg1 method 1117:1122 the quantitative method 1100:1122 the quantitative method using phenol-d6 as internal standard 1100:1159 Emphasis is placed on the development of the quantitative method using phenol-d6 as internal standard. 25441082 0 48 theme mass 158:161 arg1 spectrometry 163:174 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 143:174 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 143:174 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 4 49 theme mass 709:712 arg1 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 4 49 theme mass 709:712 arg1 spectrometry 714:725 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 694:725 time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) 694:739 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 0 50 theme cellulose 56:64 arg1 analysis 29:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis 0:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 0:75 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 1 51 theme chemicals 327:335 arg1 bio-oil 270:276 bio-oil 270:276 bio-oil 270:276 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 1 51 theme chemicals 327:335 arg1 source 317:322 a general source 307:322 a general source of chemicals 307:335 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 1 51 theme chemicals 327:335 arg1 carrier 295:301 a liquid energy carrier 279:301 a liquid energy carrier 279:301 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 8 52 theme above 1428:1432 arg1 bio-oils 1444:1451 the above mentioned bio-oils 1424:1451 the above mentioned bio-oils 1424:1451 The developed method was applied to the above mentioned bio-oils and their detailed analysis is presented. 25441082 3 53 theme bio-oils 502:509 arg1 composition 487:497 the complex composition 475:497 the complex composition of bio-oils 475:509 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 7 54 theme compounds 1219:1227 arg1 solution 1204:1211 a standard solution 1193:1211 a standard solution of 39 compounds 1193:1227 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 55 theme respective 1267:1276 arg1 RRF 1305:1307 RRF 1305:1307 RRF 1305:1307 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 55 theme respective 1267:1276 arg1 WLSLR 1351:1355 WLSLR 1351:1355 WLSLR 1351:1355 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 55 theme respective 1267:1276 arg1 ANOVA 1341:1345 ANOVA 1341:1345 ANOVA 1341:1345 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 55 theme respective 1267:1276 arg1 Factors 1296:1302 the respective Relative Response Factors 1263:1302 the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods 1263:1338 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 3 56 theme necessary 626:634 arg1 power 647:651 the necessary separation power 622:651 the necessary separation power 622:651 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 7 57 theme Response 1287:1294 arg1 RRF 1305:1307 RRF 1305:1307 RRF 1305:1307 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 57 theme Response 1287:1294 arg1 WLSLR 1351:1355 WLSLR 1351:1355 WLSLR 1351:1355 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 57 theme Response 1287:1294 arg1 ANOVA 1341:1345 ANOVA 1341:1345 ANOVA 1341:1345 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 57 theme Response 1287:1294 arg1 Factors 1296:1302 the respective Relative Response Factors 1263:1302 the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods 1263:1338 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 58 theme Relative 1278:1285 arg1 RRF 1305:1307 RRF 1305:1307 RRF 1305:1307 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 58 theme Relative 1278:1285 arg1 WLSLR 1351:1355 WLSLR 1351:1355 WLSLR 1351:1355 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 58 theme Relative 1278:1285 arg1 ANOVA 1341:1345 ANOVA 1341:1345 ANOVA 1341:1345 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 58 theme Relative 1278:1285 arg1 Factors 1296:1302 the respective Relative Response Factors 1263:1302 the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods 1263:1338 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 7 59 used used 1233:1236 arg2 solution 1204:1211 a standard solution 1193:1211 a standard solution of 39 compounds 1193:1227 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 5 60 theme cellulose 1007:1015 arg1 pyrolysis 978:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 952:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 952:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 1 61 theme biomass 259:265 arg1 transformation 241:254 the transformation 237:254 the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals 237:335 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 5 62 theme xylan 1000:1004 arg1 pyrolysis 978:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 952:986 the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 952:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 4 63 theme increased 808:816 arg1 separation 818:827 its increased separation 804:827 its increased separation 804:827 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 9 64 theme pyrolysis 1593:1601 arg1 mechanism 1603:1611 the pyrolysis mechanism 1589:1611 the pyrolysis mechanism 1589:1611 The different compounds produced and their diverse concentration allows for an elucidation of the pyrolysis mechanism and highlight the effect of the catalyst. 25441082 7 65 theme data 1382:1385 arg1 verification 1362:1373 verification 1362:1373 verification of the data 1362:1385 During the method development, a standard solution of 39 compounds was used for the determination of the respective Relative Response Factors (RRF) employing statistical methods, ANOVA and WLSLR, for verification of the data. 25441082 0 66 theme lignin 70:75 arg1 analysis 29:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis 0:36 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 0:75 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin bio-oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25441082 6 67 theme method 1117:1122 arg1 development 1085:1095 the development 1081:1095 the development of the quantitative method using phenol-d6 as internal standard 1081:1159 Emphasis is placed on the development of the quantitative method using phenol-d6 as internal standard. 25441082 4 68 theme time-of-flight 694:707 arg1 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 GC×GC-ToFMS 728:738 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 4 68 theme time-of-flight 694:707 arg1 spectrometry 714:725 time-of-flight mass spectrometry 694:725 time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) 694:739 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 25441082 3 69 theme qualitative 534:544 arg1 analysis 563:570 their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis 519:570 their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis 519:570 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 3 70 dep necessary 626:634 arg1 separation 636:645 separation 636:645 separation 636:645 However, the complex composition of bio-oils hinders their complete qualitative and quantitative analysis, and conventional chromatographic techniques lack the necessary separation power. 25441082 5 71 theme quantitative 903:914 arg1 analysis 916:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis 873:923 the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS 873:1056 This work presents the tentative qualitative and quantitative analysis of bio-oils resulting from the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of standard xylan, cellulose, lignin and their mixture by GC×GC-ToFMS. 25441082 1 72 theme Thermal 177:183 arg1 pyrolysis 199:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 177:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis 177:207 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 1 72 theme Thermal 177:183 arg1 processes 223:231 efficient processes 213:231 efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals 213:335 Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis are efficient processes for the transformation of biomass to bio-oil, a liquid energy carrier and a general source of chemicals. 25441082 4 73 theme gas 670:672 arg1 chromatography 674:687 Two-dimensional gas chromatography 654:687 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) 654:739 Two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS) is considered a suitable technique for bio-oil analysis due to its increased separation and resolution capacity. 29306439 7 0 dep perform 1097:1103 arg1 inside 1147:1152 inside 1147:1152 inside living cells 1147:1165 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 6 1 theme high 957:960 arg1 contrast 962:969 high contrast 957:969 high contrast 957:969 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 1 2 theme protein 170:176 arg1 structure 178:186 protein structure 170:186 protein structure 170:186 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 4 3 theme Diels-Alder 628:638 arg1 chemistry 640:648 inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry 604:648 inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells 604:686 Ac4GlcNCyoc can be labeled in a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells. 29306439 8 4 theme complete 1186:1193 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 5 from Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 arg1 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 5 from Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 arg1 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 5 from Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 data analysis 1370:1382 data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1370:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 1 6 theme structure 178:186 arg1 regulation 156:165 the regulation 152:165 the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization 152:214 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 4 7 theme inverse-electron-demand 604:626 arg1 chemistry 640:648 inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry 604:648 inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells 604:686 Ac4GlcNCyoc can be labeled in a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells. 29306439 5 8 theme -fusion 780:786 arg1 proteins 788:795 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 5 8 theme -fusion 780:786 arg1 proteins 710:717 target proteins 703:717 target proteins 703:717 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 2 9 theme protein 378:384 arg1 glycosylation 386:398 intracellular protein glycosylation 364:398 intracellular protein glycosylation 364:398 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 6 10 theme acceptor 864:871 arg1 fluorophore 873:883 the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore 844:883 the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore 844:883 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 2 11 theme great 308:312 arg1 importance 314:323 great importance 308:323 great importance 308:323 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 7 12 attach present 1043:1049 arg2 we 1040:1041 we 1040:1041 we 1040:1041 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 7 12 attach present 1043:1049 arg1 chapter 1031:1037 this chapter 1026:1037 this chapter 1026:1037 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 9 13 theme approach 1516:1523 arg1 limitations 1497:1507 limitations 1497:1507 limitations 1497:1507 We also provide useful notes necessary for reproducibility and point out strengths and limitations of the approach. 29306439 9 13 theme approach 1516:1523 arg1 strengths 1483:1491 strengths 1483:1491 strengths 1483:1491 We also provide useful notes necessary for reproducibility and point out strengths and limitations of the approach. 29306439 6 14 theme glycan-anchored 848:862 arg1 fluorophore 873:883 the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore 844:883 the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore 844:883 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 2 15 theme glycosylation 386:398 arg1 roles 355:359 the biological roles 340:359 the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation 340:398 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 8 16 from performance 1346:1356 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 3 17 theme cellular 512:519 arg1 glycome 521:527 the cellular glycome 508:527 the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering 508:553 Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. 29306439 8 18 theme immunoprecipitation 1221:1239 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 7 19 theme glycosylation 1133:1145 arg1 imaging 1122:1128 protein-specific imaging 1105:1128 protein-specific imaging of glycosylation 1105:1145 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 8 20 theme proteins 1256:1263 arg1 Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 20 theme proteins 1256:1263 arg1 section 1327:1333 a complete section 1316:1333 a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1316:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 20 theme proteins 1256:1263 arg1 immunoprecipitation 1221:1239 immunoprecipitation 1221:1239 immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1221:1309 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 3 21 theme glucosamine 470:480 arg1 Ac4GlcNCyoc 490:500 Ac4GlcNCyoc 490:500 Ac4GlcNCyoc 490:500 Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. 29306439 3 21 theme glucosamine 470:480 arg1 analog 482:487 a glucosamine analog 468:487 a glucosamine analog 468:487 Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. 29306439 8 22 theme Ac4GlcNCyoc 1280:1290 arg1 state 1305:1309 the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1276:1309 the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1276:1309 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 23 from analysis 1375:1382 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 1 24 theme function 189:196 arg1 regulation 156:165 the regulation 152:165 the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization 152:214 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 8 25 theme EGFP-fusion 1244:1254 arg1 proteins 1256:1263 EGFP-fusion proteins 1244:1263 EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1244:1309 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 6 26 theme EGFP 835:838 arg1 proximity 812:820 the proximity 808:820 the proximity of the donor EGFP 808:838 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 6 26 theme EGFP 835:838 arg1 fluorophore 873:883 the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore 844:883 the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore 844:883 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 7 27 theme methods 1077:1083 arg1 description 1062:1072 a detailed description 1051:1072 a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells 1051:1165 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 0 28 theme Intracellular 0:12 arg1 Imaging 14:20 Intracellular Imaging 0:20 Intracellular Imaging of Protein-Specific Glycosylation 0:54 Intracellular Imaging of Protein-Specific Glycosylation. 29306439 4 29 theme second 588:593 arg1 step 595:598 a second step 586:598 a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells 586:686 Ac4GlcNCyoc can be labeled in a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells. 29306439 5 30 theme target 703:708 arg1 proteins 788:795 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 5 30 theme target 703:708 arg1 proteins 710:717 target proteins 703:717 target proteins 703:717 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 6 31 theme donor 829:833 arg1 EGFP 835:838 the donor EGFP 825:838 the donor EGFP 825:838 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 8 32 from immunoprecipitation 1221:1239 arg1 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 32 from immunoprecipitation 1221:1239 arg1 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 32 from immunoprecipitation 1221:1239 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 data analysis 1370:1382 data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1370:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 0 33 theme Protein-Specific 25:40 arg1 Glycosylation 42:54 Protein-Specific Glycosylation 25:54 Protein-Specific Glycosylation 25:54 Intracellular Imaging of Protein-Specific Glycosylation. 29306439 1 34 theme Posttranslational 57:73 arg1 glycosylation 83:95 Posttranslational protein glycosylation 57:95 Posttranslational protein glycosylation 57:95 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 5 35 theme protein 766:772 arg1 proteins 788:795 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 5 35 theme protein 766:772 arg1 proteins 710:717 target proteins 703:717 target proteins 703:717 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 8 36 theme data 1370:1373 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 data analysis 1370:1382 data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1370:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 1 37 theme localization 203:214 arg1 regulation 156:165 the regulation 152:165 the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization 152:214 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 3 38 theme applicable 415:424 arg1 approach 426:433 Our generally applicable approach 401:433 Our generally applicable approach 401:433 Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. 29306439 6 39 theme FLIM 1005:1008 arg1 microscopy 1011:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 7 40 theme protein-specific 1105:1120 arg1 imaging 1122:1128 protein-specific imaging 1105:1128 protein-specific imaging of glycosylation 1105:1145 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 8 41 from synthesis 1195:1203 arg1 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 41 from synthesis 1195:1203 arg1 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 41 from synthesis 1195:1203 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 data analysis 1370:1382 data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1370:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 1 42 theme life 129:132 arg1 kingdoms 117:124 all kingdoms 113:124 all kingdoms of life 113:132 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 8 43 theme complete 1318:1325 arg1 section 1327:1333 a complete section 1316:1333 a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1316:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 3 44 theme metabolic 533:541 arg1 engineering 543:553 metabolic engineering 533:553 metabolic engineering 533:553 Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. 29306439 8 45 dep proteins 1256:1263 arg1 examine 1268:1274 examine 1268:1274 to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1265:1309 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 0 46 theme Glycosylation 42:54 arg1 Imaging 14:20 Intracellular Imaging 0:20 Intracellular Imaging of Protein-Specific Glycosylation 0:54 Intracellular Imaging of Protein-Specific Glycosylation. 29306439 6 47 theme imaging 996:1002 arg1 microscopy 1011:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 2 48 theme states 252:257 arg1 visualization 221:233 The visualization 217:233 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells 217:300 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 9 49 theme useful 1426:1431 arg1 notes 1433:1437 useful notes 1426:1437 useful notes necessary for reproducibility 1426:1467 We also provide useful notes necessary for reproducibility and point out strengths and limitations of the approach. 29306439 8 50 theme modification 1292:1303 arg1 state 1305:1309 the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1276:1309 the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state 1276:1309 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 6 51 theme lifetime 987:994 arg1 microscopy 1011:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 8 52 theme FLIM-FRET 1388:1396 arg1 microscopy 1398:1407 FLIM-FRET microscopy 1388:1407 FLIM-FRET microscopy 1388:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 2 53 theme glycosylation 238:250 arg1 states 252:257 glycosylation states 238:257 glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells 238:300 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 7 54 theme detailed 1053:1060 arg1 description 1062:1072 a detailed description 1051:1072 a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells 1051:1165 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 2 55 theme intracellular 364:376 arg1 glycosylation 386:398 intracellular protein glycosylation 364:398 intracellular protein glycosylation 364:398 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 2 56 gly glycosylation 238:250 arg1 proteins 273:280 designated proteins 262:280 designated proteins within living cells 262:300 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 6 57 theme fluorescence 974:985 arg1 microscopy 1011:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy 974:1020 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 5 58 theme enhanced 739:746 arg1 EGFP 775:778 EGFP 775:778 EGFP 775:778 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 5 58 theme enhanced 739:746 arg1 protein 766:772 enhanced green fluorescent protein 739:772 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 6 59 theme energy 904:909 arg1 FRET 921:924 FRET 921:924 FRET 921:924 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 6 59 theme energy 904:909 arg1 transfer 911:918 Förster resonance energy transfer 886:918 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) 886:925 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 7 60 theme living 1154:1159 arg1 cells 1161:1165 living cells 1154:1165 living cells 1154:1165 In this chapter, we present a detailed description of methods required to perform protein-specific imaging of glycosylation inside living cells. 29306439 1 61 theme protein 75:81 arg1 glycosylation 83:95 Posttranslational protein glycosylation 57:95 Posttranslational protein glycosylation 57:95 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 5 62 theme green 748:752 arg1 EGFP 775:778 EGFP 775:778 EGFP 775:778 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 5 62 theme green 748:752 arg1 protein 766:772 enhanced green fluorescent protein 739:772 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 6 63 theme resonance 894:902 arg1 FRET 921:924 FRET 921:924 FRET 921:924 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 6 63 theme resonance 894:902 arg1 transfer 911:918 Förster resonance energy transfer 886:918 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) 886:925 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 2 64 theme living 289:294 arg1 cells 296:300 living cells 289:300 living cells 289:300 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 8 65 theme Ac4GlcNCyoc 1208:1218 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 5 66 theme fluorescent 754:764 arg1 EGFP 775:778 EGFP 775:778 EGFP 775:778 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 5 66 theme fluorescent 754:764 arg1 protein 766:772 enhanced green fluorescent protein 739:772 enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins 739:795 Additionally, target proteins can be expressed as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-fusion proteins. 29306439 6 67 theme Förster 886:892 arg1 FRET 921:924 FRET 921:924 FRET 921:924 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 6 67 theme Förster 886:892 arg1 transfer 911:918 Förster resonance energy transfer 886:918 Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) 886:925 To assess the proximity of the donor EGFP and the glycan-anchored acceptor fluorophore, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is employed and read out with high contrast by fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy. 29306439 4 68 with chemistry 640:648 arg1 fluorophores 655:666 fluorophores 655:666 fluorophores inside living cells 655:686 Ac4GlcNCyoc can be labeled in a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells. 29306439 8 69 from basics 1338:1343 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 2 70 theme biological 344:353 arg1 roles 355:359 the biological roles 340:359 the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation 340:398 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 9 71 theme necessary 1439:1447 arg1 notes 1433:1437 useful notes 1426:1437 useful notes necessary for reproducibility 1426:1467 We also provide useful notes necessary for reproducibility and point out strengths and limitations of the approach. 29306439 2 72 theme proteins 273:280 arg1 states 252:257 glycosylation states 238:257 glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells 238:300 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 8 73 theme section 1327:1333 arg1 synthesis 1195:1203 the complete synthesis 1182:1203 the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1182:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 3 74 theme analog 482:487 arg1 incorporation 451:463 the incorporation 447:463 the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering 447:553 Our generally applicable approach is based on the incorporation of a glucosamine analog, Ac4GlcNCyoc, into the cellular glycome via metabolic engineering. 29306439 1 75 gly glycosylation 83:95 arg1 kingdoms 117:124 all kingdoms 113:124 all kingdoms of life 113:132 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 1 75 gly glycosylation 83:95 arg1 regulation 156:165 the regulation 152:165 the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization 152:214 Posttranslational protein glycosylation is conserved in all kingdoms of life and implicated in the regulation of protein structure, function, and localization. 29306439 2 76 theme designated 262:271 arg1 proteins 273:280 designated proteins 262:280 designated proteins within living cells 262:300 The visualization of glycosylation states of designated proteins within living cells is of great importance for unraveling the biological roles of intracellular protein glycosylation. 29306439 8 77 from section 1327:1333 arg1 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 basics 1338:1343 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 77 from section 1327:1333 arg1 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 performance 1346:1356 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 8 77 from section 1327:1333 arg1 analysis 1375:1382 data analysis 1370:1382 data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy 1370:1407 These include the complete synthesis of Ac4GlcNCyoc, immunoprecipitation of EGFP-fusion proteins to examine the Ac4GlcNCyoc modification state, and a complete section on basics, performance, as well as data analysis for FLIM-FRET microscopy. 29306439 4 78 theme living 675:680 arg1 cells 682:686 living cells 675:686 living cells 675:686 Ac4GlcNCyoc can be labeled in a second step via inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder chemistry with fluorophores inside living cells. 28974702 6 0 theme glycan 1248:1253 arg1 expression 1255:1264 intestinal glycan expression 1237:1264 intestinal glycan expression 1237:1264 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 4 1 with HIOs 905:908 arg1 phenotypes 928:937 matched HBGA phenotypes 915:937 matched HBGA phenotypes 915:937 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 3 2 theme nonsecretor 790:800 arg1 antigens 802:809 Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens 769:809 antigens 802:809 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 2 3 theme HIOs 536:539 arg1 usefulness 522:531 the usefulness 518:531 the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs) 518:672 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 3 4 dep types 738:742 arg1 1 744:744 1 744:744 1 744:744 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 3 4 dep types 738:742 arg1 HBGAs 752:756 2 HBGAs 750:756 2 HBGAs 750:756 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 2 5 theme carbohydrate 579:590 arg1 expression 592:601 intestinal carbohydrate expression 568:601 intestinal carbohydrate expression 568:601 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 2 6 theme human 647:651 arg1 huNoVs 666:671 huNoVs 666:671 huNoVs 666:671 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 2 6 theme human 647:651 arg1 noroviruses 653:663 human noroviruses 647:663 human noroviruses (huNoVs) 647:672 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 5 7 theme capsid 1105:1110 arg1 antigens 1112:1119 capsid antigens 1105:1119 capsid antigens 1105:1119 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 2 8 theme intestinal 568:577 arg1 expression 592:601 intestinal carbohydrate expression 568:601 intestinal carbohydrate expression 568:601 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 1 9 theme fetal 243:247 arg1 intestine 249:257 the fetal intestine 239:257 the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions 239:331 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 4 10 theme HIOs 905:908 arg1 glycocalyx 891:900 the glycocalyx 887:900 the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes 887:937 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 4 11 theme Selected 844:851 arg1 VLPs 875:878 VLPs 875:878 VLPs 875:878 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 4 11 theme Selected 844:851 arg1 particles 864:872 Selected huNoV-like particles 844:872 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) 844:879 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 0 12 theme norovirus 104:112 arg1 replication 114:124 limited norovirus replication 96:124 limited norovirus replication 96:124 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 0 13 theme limited 96:102 arg1 replication 114:124 limited norovirus replication 96:124 limited norovirus replication 96:124 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 5 14 theme viral 1080:1084 arg1 RNAs 1086:1089 viral RNAs 1080:1089 viral RNAs 1080:1089 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 6 15 theme useful 1215:1220 arg1 model 1222:1226 a useful model 1213:1226 a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine 1213:1331 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 6 15 theme useful 1215:1220 arg1 HIOs 1201:1204 HIOs 1201:1204 HIOs 1201:1204 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 1 16 theme human 447:451 arg1 gut 464:466 human congenital gut 447:466 human congenital gut 447:466 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 4 17 theme HBGA 923:926 arg1 phenotypes 928:937 matched HBGA phenotypes 915:937 matched HBGA phenotypes 915:937 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 0 18 theme intestinal 6:15 arg1 organoids 17:25 Human intestinal organoids 0:25 Human intestinal organoids 0:25 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 3 19 theme developed 695:703 arg1 HIOs 705:708 fully developed HIOs 689:708 fully developed HIOs 689:708 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 2 20 theme virus-host 604:613 arg1 interaction 615:625 virus-host interaction 604:625 virus-host interaction 604:625 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 1 21 theme congenital 453:462 arg1 gut 464:466 human congenital gut 447:466 human congenital gut 447:466 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 6 22 theme huNoV-intestine 1267:1281 arg1 interaction 1283:1293 huNoV-intestine interaction 1267:1293 huNoV-intestine interaction 1267:1293 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 0 23 theme Human 0:4 arg1 organoids 17:25 Human intestinal organoids 0:25 Human intestinal organoids 0:25 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 1 24 theme gut 464:466 arg1 function 435:442 function 435:442 function 435:442 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 24 theme gut 464:466 arg1 structure 421:429 structure 421:429 structure 421:429 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 6 25 theme huNoV 1300:1304 arg1 infection 1306:1314 huNoV infection 1300:1314 huNoV infection 1300:1314 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 1 26 theme human 175:179 arg1 organoids 192:200 human intestinal organoids 175:200 human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions 175:331 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 26 theme human 175:179 arg1 HIOs 203:206 HIOs 203:206 HIOs 203:206 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 27 theme cellular 262:269 arg1 composition 271:281 cellular composition 262:281 cellular composition 262:281 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 2 28 theme noroviruses 653:663 arg1 expression 592:601 intestinal carbohydrate expression 568:601 intestinal carbohydrate expression 568:601 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 2 28 theme noroviruses 653:663 arg1 interaction 615:625 virus-host interaction 604:625 virus-host interaction 604:625 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 2 28 theme noroviruses 653:663 arg1 replication 632:642 replication 632:642 replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs) 632:672 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 1 29 theme intestinal 181:190 arg1 organoids 192:200 human intestinal organoids 175:200 human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions 175:331 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 29 theme intestinal 181:190 arg1 HIOs 203:206 HIOs 203:206 HIOs 203:206 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 30 from intestine 249:257 arg1 composition 271:281 cellular composition 262:281 cellular composition 262:281 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 30 from intestine 249:257 arg1 functions 323:331 absorptive/secretory functions 302:331 absorptive/secretory functions 302:331 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 30 from intestine 249:257 arg1 architecture 284:295 architecture 284:295 architecture 284:295 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 31 theme useful 379:384 arg1 system 401:406 a useful in vitro model system 377:406 a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases 377:500 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 0 32 theme group 47:51 arg1 antigens 53:60 histo-blood group antigens 35:60 histo-blood group antigens 35:60 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 3 33 theme various 730:736 arg1 types 738:742 effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs 718:756 effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs 718:756 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 3 33 theme various 730:736 arg1 secretor 776:783 Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens 769:809 secretor 776:783 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 3 33 theme various 730:736 arg1 antigens 802:809 Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens 769:809 antigens 802:809 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 1 34 theme in 386:387 arg1 system 401:406 a useful in vitro model system 377:406 a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases 377:500 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 0 35 theme histo-blood 35:45 arg1 antigens 53:60 histo-blood group antigens 35:60 histo-blood group antigens 35:60 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 6 36 theme intestinal 1237:1246 arg1 expression 1255:1264 intestinal glycan expression 1237:1264 intestinal glycan expression 1237:1264 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 1 37 with organoids 192:200 arg1 similarity 225:234 remarkably similarity 214:234 remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions 214:331 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 4 38 theme matched 915:921 arg1 phenotypes 928:937 matched HBGA phenotypes 915:937 matched HBGA phenotypes 915:937 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 1 39 theme model 395:399 arg1 system 401:406 a useful in vitro model system 377:406 a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases 377:500 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 40 theme related 485:491 arg1 diseases 493:500 intestinally related diseases 472:500 intestinally related diseases 472:500 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 5 41 theme immunostaining 1124:1137 arg1 methods 1139:1145 immunostaining methods 1124:1145 immunostaining methods 1124:1145 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 5 42 theme RNAs 1086:1089 arg1 detection 1067:1075 detection 1067:1075 detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods 1067:1145 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 5 43 theme huNoV 1008:1012 arg1 replication 1014:1024 limited huNoV replication 1000:1024 limited huNoV replication 1000:1024 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 5 44 theme limited 1000:1006 arg1 replication 1014:1024 limited huNoV replication 1000:1024 limited huNoV replication 1000:1024 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 1 45 theme diseases 493:500 arg1 function 435:442 function 435:442 function 435:442 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 45 theme diseases 493:500 arg1 structure 421:429 structure 421:429 structure 421:429 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 4 46 theme huNoV-like 853:862 arg1 VLPs 875:878 VLPs 875:878 VLPs 875:878 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 4 46 theme huNoV-like 853:862 arg1 particles 864:872 Selected huNoV-like particles 844:872 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) 844:879 Selected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes. 28974702 1 47 theme absorptive/secretory 302:321 arg1 functions 323:331 absorptive/secretory functions 302:331 absorptive/secretory functions 302:331 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 2 48 theme model 546:550 arg1 system 552:557 a model system 544:557 a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs) 544:672 We report here the usefulness of HIOs as a model system to study intestinal carbohydrate expression, virus-host interaction, and replication of human noroviruses (huNoVs). 28974702 6 49 theme further 1179:1185 arg1 improvements 1187:1198 further improvements 1179:1198 further improvements 1179:1198 Our data suggested that, after further improvements, HIOs can be a useful model to study intestinal glycan expression, huNoV-intestine interaction, and huNoV infection in the intestine. 28974702 5 50 theme huNoV 952:956 arg1 filtrates 973:981 GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates 946:981 GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates 946:981 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 5 51 theme positive 958:965 arg1 filtrates 973:981 GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates 946:981 GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates 946:981 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 5 52 theme corresponding 1039:1051 arg1 HBGAs 1053:1057 corresponding HBGAs 1039:1057 corresponding HBGAs 1039:1057 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 1 53 theme pluripotent 135:145 arg1 cell 152:155 pluripotent stem cell 135:155 pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology 135:172 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 53 theme pluripotent 135:145 arg1 PSC 158:160 PSC 158:160 PSC 158:160 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 54 dep structure 421:429 arg1 the 417:419 the 417:419 the 417:419 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 0 55 theme norovirus 68:76 arg1 VLPs 78:81 norovirus VLPs 68:81 norovirus VLPs 68:81 Human intestinal organoids express histo-blood group antigens, bind norovirus VLPs, and support limited norovirus replication. 28974702 5 56 theme stool 967:971 arg1 filtrates 973:981 GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates 946:981 GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates 946:981 Using GII.4 huNoV positive stool filtrates, we demonstrated limited huNoV replication in HIOs with corresponding HBGAs through detection of viral RNAs by RT-PCR and capsid antigens by immunostaining methods. 28974702 1 57 theme stem 147:150 arg1 cell 152:155 pluripotent stem cell 135:155 pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology 135:172 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 57 theme stem 147:150 arg1 PSC 158:160 PSC 158:160 PSC 158:160 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 3 58 theme Lewis 769:773 arg1 secretor 776:783 Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens 769:809 secretor 776:783 We found that fully developed HIOs express effectively various types 1 and 2 HBGAs, including Lewis, secretor, and nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx. 28974702 1 59 theme cell 152:155 arg1 technology 163:172 pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology 135:172 pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology 135:172 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28974702 1 60 dep in 386:387 arg1 vitro 389:393 vitro 389:393 vitro 389:393 Through pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) with remarkably similarity to the fetal intestine in cellular composition, architecture, and absorptive/secretory functions have been successfully developed, providing a useful in vitro model system to study the structure and function of human congenital gut and intestinally related diseases. 28189250 0 0 theme wheat 82:86 arg1 straw 88:92 wheat straw 82:92 wheat straw 82:92 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 5 1 theme water 830:834 arg1 permeability 842:853 water vapor permeability 830:853 water vapor permeability 830:853 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 2 2 theme higher 335:340 arg1 % 362:362 77% 360:362 77% 360:362 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 2 theme higher 335:340 arg1 content 351:357 higher β-glucan content 335:357 higher β-glucan content (77%) 335:363 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 6 3 with AX 912:913 arg1 OABG 929:932 OABG 929:932 OABG 929:932 Films prepared by blending AX with SABG and OABG were less effective as water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures; however they were less opaque. 28189250 6 3 with AX 912:913 arg1 SABG 920:923 SABG 920:923 SABG 920:923 Films prepared by blending AX with SABG and OABG were less effective as water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures; however they were less opaque. 28189250 3 4 theme acid 560:563 arg1 BGFAs 573:577 BGFAs 573:577 BGFAs 573:577 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 4 theme acid 560:563 arg1 esters 565:570 corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters 531:570 corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) 531:578 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 5 5 theme LABG 747:750 arg1 addition 735:742 The addition 731:742 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX 731:765 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 1 6 theme wheat 151:155 arg1 straw 157:161 wheat straw 151:161 wheat straw 151:161 Arabinoxylans (AX) was isolated from wheat straw, whereas β-glucan (BG) was extracted from oat flour. 28189250 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 0 7 from Effect 0:5 arg1 properties 68:77 physical properties 59:77 physical properties of wheat straw 59:92 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 2 8 theme AX 265:266 arg1 straw 259:263 wheat straw 253:263 wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour 253:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 5 9 theme vapor 836:840 arg1 permeability 842:853 water vapor permeability 830:853 water vapor permeability 830:853 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 0 10 theme straw 88:92 arg1 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 microstructure 40:53 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 0 10 theme straw 88:92 arg1 properties 68:77 physical properties 59:77 physical properties of wheat straw 59:92 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 1 11 attach isolated 137:144 arg2 Arabinoxylans 114:126 Arabinoxylans 114:126 Arabinoxylans (AX) 114:131 Arabinoxylans (AX) was isolated from wheat straw, whereas β-glucan (BG) was extracted from oat flour. 28189250 1 11 attach isolated 137:144 arg1 straw 157:161 wheat straw 151:161 wheat straw 151:161 Arabinoxylans (AX) was isolated from wheat straw, whereas β-glucan (BG) was extracted from oat flour. 28189250 6 12 theme film 1000:1003 arg1 microstructures 1005:1019 their non-layer film microstructures 984:1019 their non-layer film microstructures 984:1019 Films prepared by blending AX with SABG and OABG were less effective as water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures; however they were less opaque. 28189250 4 13 from effect 628:633 arg1 optical 678:684 optical 678:684 optical 678:684 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 4 13 from effect 628:633 arg1 properties 701:710 mechanical properties 690:710 mechanical properties 690:710 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 4 13 from effect 628:633 arg1 barrier 669:675 the water barrier 659:675 the water barrier 659:675 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 2 14 dep AX 265:266 arg1 contained 268:276 contained 268:276 contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour 268:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 7 15 theme mechanical 1095:1104 arg1 strength 1106:1113 mechanical strength 1095:1113 mechanical strength 1095:1113 The laminar structures also imparted less mechanical strength and flexibility in the composite films. 28189250 2 16 from flour 410:414 arg1 material 392:399 the extracted material 378:399 the extracted material from oat flour 378:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 1 17 dep Arabinoxylans 114:126 arg1 AX 129:130 AX 129:130 AX 129:130 Arabinoxylans (AX) was isolated from wheat straw, whereas β-glucan (BG) was extracted from oat flour. 28189250 3 18 dep lauric 444:449 arg1 palmitic 472:479 palmitic 472:479 palmitic 472:479 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 18 dep lauric 444:449 arg1 myristic 457:464 myristic 457:464 myristic 457:464 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 18 dep lauric 444:449 arg1 LA 452:453 LA 452:453 LA 452:453 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 2 19 theme oat 406:408 arg1 flour 410:414 oat flour 406:414 oat flour 406:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 5 20 theme laminar 774:780 arg1 structures 782:791 laminar structures 774:791 laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability 774:853 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 3 21 theme similar 592:598 arg1 degree 600:605 nearly similar degree 585:605 nearly similar degree of substitution 585:621 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 22 dep stearic 487:493 arg1 SA 496:497 SA 496:497 SA 496:497 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 23 theme substitution 610:621 arg1 degree 600:605 nearly similar degree 585:605 nearly similar degree of substitution 585:621 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 4 24 theme mechanical 690:699 arg1 properties 701:710 mechanical properties 690:710 mechanical properties 690:710 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 0 25 theme acid 25:28 arg1 esters 30:35 β-glucan-fatty acid esters 10:35 β-glucan-fatty acid esters 10:35 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 8 26 theme composite 1228:1236 arg1 films 1238:1242 all AX-BGFAs composite films 1215:1242 all AX-BGFAs composite films 1215:1242 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 5 27 theme composite 800:808 arg1 films 810:814 the composite films 796:814 the composite films which limited water vapor permeability 796:853 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 2 28 theme extracted 382:390 arg1 material 392:399 the extracted material 378:399 the extracted material from oat flour 378:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 29 theme wheat 253:257 arg1 straw 259:263 wheat straw 253:263 wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour 253:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 8 30 theme AX 1281:1282 arg1 films 1294:1298 pure AX and AX-BG films 1276:1298 pure AX and AX-BG films 1276:1298 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 6 31 theme vapor 963:967 arg1 barrier 969:975 water vapor barrier 957:975 water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures 957:1019 Films prepared by blending AX with SABG and OABG were less effective as water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures; however they were less opaque. 28189250 7 32 theme composite 1138:1146 arg1 films 1148:1152 the composite films 1134:1152 the composite films 1134:1152 The laminar structures also imparted less mechanical strength and flexibility in the composite films. 28189250 3 33 theme lauric 444:449 arg1 acid 515:518 lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid 444:518 lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid 444:518 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 8 34 theme pure 1276:1279 arg1 films 1294:1298 pure AX and AX-BG films 1276:1298 pure AX and AX-BG films 1276:1298 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 4 35 theme water 663:667 arg1 barrier 669:675 the water barrier 659:675 the water barrier 659:675 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 0 36 theme esters 30:35 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw 0:92 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 8 37 theme AX-BG 1288:1292 arg1 films 1294:1298 pure AX and AX-BG films 1276:1298 pure AX and AX-BG films 1276:1298 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 8 38 theme AX-BGFAs 1219:1226 arg1 films 1238:1242 all AX-BGFAs composite films 1215:1242 all AX-BGFAs composite films 1215:1242 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 3 39 dep oleic 504:508 arg1 OA 511:512 OA 511:512 OA 511:512 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 2 40 located found 369:373 arg2 content 351:357 higher β-glucan content 335:357 higher β-glucan content (77%) 335:363 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 40 located found 369:373 arg1 material 392:399 the extracted material 378:399 the extracted material from oat flour 378:414 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 40 located found 369:373 arg2 % 362:362 77% 360:362 77% 360:362 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 3 41 dep myristic 457:464 arg1 MA 467:468 MA 467:468 MA 467:468 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 42 theme corresponding 531:543 arg1 BGFAs 573:577 BGFAs 573:577 BGFAs 573:577 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 42 theme corresponding 531:543 arg1 esters 565:570 corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters 531:570 corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) 531:578 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 5 43 theme more 871:874 arg1 opacity 876:882 more opacity 871:882 more opacity 871:882 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 2 44 theme constituent 308:318 arg1 arabinose 278:286 arabinose 278:286 arabinose 278:286 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 44 theme constituent 308:318 arg1 sugars 320:325 major constituent sugars 302:325 major constituent sugars 302:325 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 44 theme constituent 308:318 arg1 xylose 292:297 xylose 292:297 xylose 292:297 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 3 45 theme β-glucan-fatty 545:558 arg1 BGFAs 573:577 BGFAs 573:577 BGFAs 573:577 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 45 theme β-glucan-fatty 545:558 arg1 esters 565:570 corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters 531:570 corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) 531:578 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 4 46 theme AX 647:648 arg1 films 650:654 AX films 647:654 AX films 647:654 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 2 47 theme major 302:306 arg1 arabinose 278:286 arabinose 278:286 arabinose 278:286 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 47 theme major 302:306 arg1 sugars 320:325 major constituent sugars 302:325 major constituent sugars 302:325 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 47 theme major 302:306 arg1 xylose 292:297 xylose 292:297 xylose 292:297 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 4 48 theme BGFAs 638:642 arg1 effect 628:633 The effect 624:633 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties 624:710 The effect of BGFAs to AX films on the water barrier, optical and mechanical properties were investigated. 28189250 5 49 theme MABG 756:759 arg1 addition 735:742 The addition 731:742 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX 731:765 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 2 50 theme compositional 220:232 arg1 analysis 234:241 The compositional analysis 216:241 The compositional analysis 216:241 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 6 51 theme non-layer 990:998 arg1 microstructures 1005:1019 their non-layer film microstructures 984:1019 their non-layer film microstructures 984:1019 Films prepared by blending AX with SABG and OABG were less effective as water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures; however they were less opaque. 28189250 3 52 dep palmitic 472:479 arg1 stearic 487:493 stearic 487:493 stearic 487:493 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 52 dep palmitic 472:479 arg1 oleic 504:508 oleic 504:508 oleic 504:508 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 3 52 dep palmitic 472:479 arg1 PA 482:483 PA 482:483 PA 482:483 The BG was conjugated with lauric (LA), myristic (MA), palmitic (PA), stearic (SA) and oleic (OA) acid to prepare corresponding β-glucan-fatty acid esters (BGFAs) with nearly similar degree of substitution. 28189250 6 53 theme water 957:961 arg1 barrier 969:975 water vapor barrier 957:975 water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures 957:1019 Films prepared by blending AX with SABG and OABG were less effective as water vapor barrier due to their non-layer film microstructures; however they were less opaque. 28189250 8 54 theme thermogravimetric 1168:1184 arg1 TGA 1196:1198 TGA 1196:1198 TGA 1196:1198 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 8 54 theme thermogravimetric 1168:1184 arg1 analysis 1186:1193 thermogravimetric analysis 1168:1193 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 1168:1199 Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that all AX-BGFAs composite films were thermally more stable than pure AX and AX-BG films. 28189250 5 55 from structures 782:791 arg1 films 810:814 the composite films 796:814 the composite films which limited water vapor permeability 796:853 The addition of LABG and MABG to AX formed laminar structures in the composite films which limited water vapor permeability, giving rise to more opacity. 28189250 1 56 theme oat 205:207 arg1 flour 209:213 oat flour 205:213 oat flour 205:213 Arabinoxylans (AX) was isolated from wheat straw, whereas β-glucan (BG) was extracted from oat flour. 28189250 0 57 theme physical 59:66 arg1 properties 68:77 physical properties 59:77 physical properties of wheat straw 59:92 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 0 58 theme β-glucan-fatty 10:23 arg1 esters 30:35 β-glucan-fatty acid esters 10:35 β-glucan-fatty acid esters 10:35 Effect of β-glucan-fatty acid esters on microstructure and physical properties of wheat straw arabinoxylan films. 28189250 2 59 theme β-glucan 342:349 arg1 % 362:362 77% 360:362 77% 360:362 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 2 59 theme β-glucan 342:349 arg1 content 351:357 higher β-glucan content 335:357 higher β-glucan content (77%) 335:363 The compositional analysis indicated wheat straw AX contained arabinose and xylose as major constituent sugars whereas higher β-glucan content (77%) was found in the extracted material from oat flour. 28189250 7 60 theme laminar 1057:1063 arg1 structures 1065:1074 The laminar structures 1053:1074 The laminar structures 1053:1074 The laminar structures also imparted less mechanical strength and flexibility in the composite films. 28639839 2 0 theme organs 501:506 arg1 replacement 471:481 replacement 471:481 replacement 471:481 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 2 0 theme organs 501:506 arg1 repair 461:466 repair 461:466 repair 461:466 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 5 1 theme coated 831:836 arg1 nanoparticles 845:857 chitosan coated silver nanoparticles 822:857 chitosan coated silver nanoparticles 822:857 The synthesis of chitosan coated silver nanoparticles within the scaffold was confirmed with UV-visible spectroscopy. 28639839 6 2 theme synthesized 969:979 arg1 nanoparticles 981:993 the synthesized nanoparticles 965:993 the synthesized nanoparticles 965:993 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles were done by XRD, FTIR, TGA and SEM. 28639839 1 3 theme organs 164:169 arg1 supply 148:153 supply 148:153 supply 148:153 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 1 3 theme organs 164:169 arg1 demand 137:142 demand 137:142 demand 137:142 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 10 4 theme anti-bacterial 1283:1296 arg1 activity 1298:1305 anti-bacterial activity 1283:1305 anti-bacterial activity 1283:1305 Broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity and superior hemocompatibility further showed the advantage it offered for growing cells. 28639839 2 5 theme non-functional 486:499 arg1 organs 501:506 non-functional organs 486:506 non-functional organs 486:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 9 6 theme in-vitro 1237:1244 arg1 assay 1261:1265 in-vitro cell viability assay 1237:1265 in-vitro cell viability assay 1237:1265 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds was shown by in-vitro cell viability assay. 28639839 2 7 theme synthetic 347:355 arg1 biomaterials 360:371 synthetic or biomaterials 347:371 synthetic or biomaterials 347:371 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 10 8 dep advantage 1357:1365 arg1 it 1367:1368 it 1367:1368 it 1367:1368 Broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity and superior hemocompatibility further showed the advantage it offered for growing cells. 28639839 11 9 theme greater 1566:1572 arg1 area 1582:1585 greater surface area 1566:1585 greater surface area for cell growth 1566:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 7 10 theme higher 1043:1048 arg1 strength 1061:1068 higher mechanical strength 1043:1068 higher mechanical strength of the scaffolds 1043:1085 DMA showed higher mechanical strength of the scaffolds. 28639839 3 11 theme tissue 565:570 arg1 engineering 572:582 tissue engineering 565:582 tissue engineering 565:582 Nanoparticle based composites are gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their ability to enhance cell attachment and proliferation. 28639839 4 12 theme agarose 693:699 arg1 composites 701:710 agarose composites 693:710 agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker 693:802 The current study focuses on synthesizing agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 28639839 10 13 theme Broad 1268:1272 arg1 spectrum 1274:1281 Broad spectrum 1268:1281 Broad spectrum 1268:1281 Broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity and superior hemocompatibility further showed the advantage it offered for growing cells. 28639839 11 14 theme soft 1512:1515 arg1 tissues 1517:1523 soft tissues 1512:1523 soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth 1512:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 9 15 theme viability 1251:1259 arg1 assay 1261:1265 in-vitro cell viability assay 1237:1265 in-vitro cell viability assay 1237:1265 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds was shown by in-vitro cell viability assay. 28639839 2 16 theme or 357:358 arg1 biomaterials 360:371 synthetic or biomaterials 347:371 synthetic or biomaterials 347:371 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 10 17 theme growing 1382:1388 arg1 cells 1390:1394 growing cells 1382:1394 growing cells 1382:1394 Broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity and superior hemocompatibility further showed the advantage it offered for growing cells. 28639839 4 18 theme silver 742:747 arg1 nanoparticles 749:761 chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles 726:761 chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker 726:802 The current study focuses on synthesizing agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 28639839 4 19 theme current 655:661 arg1 study 663:667 The current study 651:667 The current study 651:667 The current study focuses on synthesizing agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 28639839 4 20 theme embedded 712:719 arg1 composites 701:710 agarose composites 693:710 agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker 693:802 The current study focuses on synthesizing agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 28639839 2 21 theme factors 391:397 arg1 types 338:342 several types 330:342 several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 330:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 6 22 theme nanoparticles 981:993 arg1 characterization 945:960 Physical and chemical characterization 923:960 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles 923:993 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles were done by XRD, FTIR, TGA and SEM. 28639839 5 23 theme nanoparticles 845:857 arg1 synthesis 809:817 The synthesis 805:817 The synthesis of chitosan coated silver nanoparticles within the scaffold 805:877 The synthesis of chitosan coated silver nanoparticles within the scaffold was confirmed with UV-visible spectroscopy. 28639839 6 24 theme chemical 936:943 arg1 characterization 945:960 Physical and chemical characterization 923:960 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles 923:993 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles were done by XRD, FTIR, TGA and SEM. 28639839 1 25 dep demand 137:142 arg1 the 133:135 the 133:135 the 133:135 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 11 26 theme tissues 1517:1523 arg1 engineering 1497:1507 engineering 1497:1507 engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth 1497:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 2 27 theme growth 384:389 arg1 factors 391:397 growth factors 384:397 growth factors 384:397 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 5 28 theme silver 838:843 arg1 nanoparticles 845:857 chitosan coated silver nanoparticles 822:857 chitosan coated silver nanoparticles 822:857 The synthesis of chitosan coated silver nanoparticles within the scaffold was confirmed with UV-visible spectroscopy. 28639839 11 29 theme enhanced 1536:1543 arg1 biocompatibility 1545:1560 its enhanced biocompatibility 1532:1560 its enhanced biocompatibility 1532:1560 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 11 30 theme due 1525:1527 arg1 tissues 1517:1523 soft tissues 1512:1523 soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth 1512:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 3 31 dep cell 616:619 arg1 attachment 621:630 attachment 621:630 attachment 621:630 Nanoparticle based composites are gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their ability to enhance cell attachment and proliferation. 28639839 0 32 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 agarose-chitosan 14:29 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan 0:29 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan 0:29 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan coated silver nanoparticle composite for soft tissue engineering applications. 28639839 10 33 dep spectrum 1274:1281 arg1 activity 1298:1305 anti-bacterial activity 1283:1305 anti-bacterial activity 1283:1305 Broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity and superior hemocompatibility further showed the advantage it offered for growing cells. 28639839 2 34 theme cells 374:378 arg1 types 338:342 several types 330:342 several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 330:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 0 35 theme silver 38:43 arg1 composite 58:66 silver nanoparticle composite 38:66 silver nanoparticle composite 38:66 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan coated silver nanoparticle composite for soft tissue engineering applications. 28639839 9 36 theme higher 1162:1167 arg1 support 1178:1184 The higher physical support 1158:1184 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds 1158:1222 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds was shown by in-vitro cell viability assay. 28639839 1 37 theme pressing 202:209 arg1 need 211:214 a pressing need 200:214 a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes 200:249 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 5 38 theme UV-visible 898:907 arg1 spectroscopy 909:920 UV-visible spectroscopy 898:920 UV-visible spectroscopy 898:920 The synthesis of chitosan coated silver nanoparticles within the scaffold was confirmed with UV-visible spectroscopy. 28639839 1 39 with bridge 219:224 arg1 substitutes 239:249 substitutes 239:249 substitutes 239:249 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 4 40 with embedded 712:719 arg1 nanoparticles 749:761 chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles 726:761 chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker 726:802 The current study focuses on synthesizing agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 28639839 2 41 theme tissue 286:291 arg1 engineering 293:303 tissue engineering 286:303 tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 286:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 9 42 theme physical 1169:1176 arg1 support 1178:1184 The higher physical support 1158:1184 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds 1158:1222 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds was shown by in-vitro cell viability assay. 28639839 4 43 theme chitosan-coated 726:740 arg1 nanoparticles 749:761 chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles 726:761 chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker 726:802 The current study focuses on synthesizing agarose composites embedded with chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. 28639839 3 44 theme based 522:526 arg1 composites 528:537 Nanoparticle based composites 509:537 Nanoparticle based composites 509:537 Nanoparticle based composites are gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their ability to enhance cell attachment and proliferation. 28639839 2 45 dep way 256:258 arg1 make 263:266 make 263:266 to make 260:266 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 0 46 theme nanoparticle 45:56 arg1 composite 58:66 silver nanoparticle composite 38:66 silver nanoparticle composite 38:66 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan coated silver nanoparticle composite for soft tissue engineering applications. 28639839 11 47 theme biopolymer 1404:1413 arg1 nanocomposite 1421:1433 a biopolymer based nanocomposite 1402:1433 a biopolymer based nanocomposite 1402:1433 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 8 48 theme weeks 1151:1155 arg1 span 1138:1141 a span 1136:1141 a span of four weeks 1136:1155 The scaffolds showed degradation of ∼37% within a span of four weeks. 28639839 2 49 theme functional 437:446 arg1 scaffold 448:455 a functional scaffold 435:455 a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 435:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 0 50 theme soft 72:75 arg1 applications 96:107 soft tissue engineering applications 72:107 soft tissue engineering applications 72:107 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan coated silver nanoparticle composite for soft tissue engineering applications. 28639839 5 51 theme chitosan 822:829 arg1 nanoparticles 845:857 chitosan coated silver nanoparticles 822:857 chitosan coated silver nanoparticles 822:857 The synthesis of chitosan coated silver nanoparticles within the scaffold was confirmed with UV-visible spectroscopy. 28639839 11 52 theme widespread 1466:1475 arg1 use 1477:1479 intended widespread use 1457:1479 intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth 1457:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 8 53 theme % 1127:1127 arg1 degradation 1109:1119 degradation 1109:1119 degradation of ∼37% 1109:1127 The scaffolds showed degradation of ∼37% within a span of four weeks. 28639839 7 54 theme scaffolds 1077:1085 arg1 strength 1061:1068 higher mechanical strength 1043:1068 higher mechanical strength of the scaffolds 1043:1085 DMA showed higher mechanical strength of the scaffolds. 28639839 3 55 theme Nanoparticle 509:520 arg1 composites 528:537 Nanoparticle based composites 509:537 Nanoparticle based composites 509:537 Nanoparticle based composites are gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their ability to enhance cell attachment and proliferation. 28639839 1 56 from gap 126:128 arg1 supply 148:153 supply 148:153 supply 148:153 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 1 56 from gap 126:128 arg1 demand 137:142 demand 137:142 demand 137:142 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 6 57 theme Physical 923:930 arg1 characterization 945:960 Physical and chemical characterization 923:960 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles 923:993 Physical and chemical characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles were done by XRD, FTIR, TGA and SEM. 28639839 9 58 theme cell 1246:1249 arg1 assay 1261:1265 in-vitro cell viability assay 1237:1265 in-vitro cell viability assay 1237:1265 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds was shown by in-vitro cell viability assay. 28639839 2 59 theme several 330:336 arg1 types 338:342 several types 330:342 several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 330:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 10 60 theme superior 1311:1318 arg1 hemocompatibility 1320:1336 superior hemocompatibility 1311:1336 superior hemocompatibility 1311:1336 Broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity and superior hemocompatibility further showed the advantage it offered for growing cells. 28639839 9 61 theme synthesized 1202:1212 arg1 scaffolds 1214:1222 the synthesized scaffolds 1198:1222 the synthesized scaffolds 1198:1222 The higher physical support provided by the synthesized scaffolds was shown by in-vitro cell viability assay. 28639839 11 62 theme intended 1457:1464 arg1 use 1477:1479 intended widespread use 1457:1479 intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth 1457:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 1 63 theme vital 158:162 arg1 organs 164:169 vital organs 158:169 vital organs 158:169 With increasing gap in the demand and supply of vital organs for transplantation there is a pressing need to bridge the gap with substitutes. 28639839 11 64 theme surface 1574:1580 arg1 area 1582:1585 greater surface area 1566:1585 greater surface area for cell growth 1566:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 0 65 theme engineering 84:94 arg1 applications 96:107 soft tissue engineering applications 72:107 soft tissue engineering applications 72:107 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan coated silver nanoparticle composite for soft tissue engineering applications. 28639839 2 66 dep substitutes 268:278 arg1 engineering 293:303 tissue engineering 286:303 tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 286:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 11 67 theme cell 1591:1594 arg1 growth 1596:1601 cell growth 1591:1601 cell growth 1591:1601 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 0 68 theme tissue 77:82 arg1 applications 96:107 soft tissue engineering applications 72:107 soft tissue engineering applications 72:107 Biocompatible agarose-chitosan coated silver nanoparticle composite for soft tissue engineering applications. 28639839 11 69 theme based 1415:1419 arg1 nanocomposite 1421:1433 a biopolymer based nanocomposite 1402:1433 a biopolymer based nanocomposite 1402:1433 Thus a biopolymer based nanocomposite was synthesized, with intended widespread use as scaffold for engineering of soft tissues due to its enhanced biocompatibility and greater surface area for cell growth. 28639839 7 70 theme mechanical 1050:1059 arg1 strength 1061:1068 higher mechanical strength 1043:1068 higher mechanical strength of the scaffolds 1043:1085 DMA showed higher mechanical strength of the scaffolds. 28639839 2 71 theme biomaterials 360:371 arg1 types 338:342 several types 330:342 several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs 330:506 One way to make substitutes is by tissue engineering which involves combining several types of synthetic or biomaterials, cells and growth factors cross-linked together to synthesize a functional scaffold for repair or replacement of non-functional organs. 28639839 3 72 from importance 551:560 arg1 engineering 572:582 tissue engineering 565:582 tissue engineering 565:582 Nanoparticle based composites are gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their ability to enhance cell attachment and proliferation. 24370475 0 0 theme Dendrobium 92:101 arg1 species 103:109 four different Dendrobium species 77:109 four different Dendrobium species 77:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 1 1 theme monosaccharide 290:303 arg1 compositions 305:316 monosaccharide compositions 290:316 monosaccharide compositions 290:316 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 4 2 theme malonaldehyde 841:853 arg1 levels 873:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels 809:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 809:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 3 contain had 936:938 arg2 effects 951:957 protective effects 940:957 protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage 940:998 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 3 contain had 936:938 arg1 DOP 924:926 DOP 924:926 DOP 924:926 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 3 contain had 936:938 arg1 DHP 919:921 DHP 919:921 DHP 919:921 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 3 contain had 936:938 arg2 effect 1008:1013 the effect 1004:1013 the effect of DHP ranked first 1004:1033 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 3 contain had 936:938 arg1 DNP 932:934 DNP 932:934 DNP 932:934 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 4 theme DHP 1018:1020 arg1 effect 1008:1013 the effect 1004:1013 the effect of DHP ranked first 1004:1033 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 4 theme DHP 1018:1020 arg1 effects 951:957 protective effects 940:957 protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage 940:998 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 0 5 theme different 82:90 arg1 species 103:109 four different Dendrobium species 77:109 four different Dendrobium species 77:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 2 6 theme blood 474:478 arg1 glucose 480:486 fasting blood glucose 466:486 fasting blood glucose 466:486 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 1 7 theme D. 168:169 arg1 DOP 183:185 DOP 183:185 DOP 183:185 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 1 7 theme D. 168:169 arg1 huoshanense 149:159 Dendrobium huoshanense 138:159 Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP) 138:165 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 1 7 theme D. 168:169 arg1 officinale 171:180 D. officinale 168:180 D. officinale (DOP) 168:186 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 5 8 theme antioxidative 1120:1132 arg1 activities 1134:1143 hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 1103:1143 hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 1103:1143 These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties. 24370475 1 9 from differences 249:259 arg1 compositions 305:316 monosaccharide compositions 290:316 monosaccharide compositions 290:316 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 1 9 from differences 249:259 arg1 viscosities 274:284 intrinsic viscosities 264:284 intrinsic viscosities 264:284 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 2 10 theme hypoglycemic 606:617 arg1 effect 619:624 significant hypoglycemic effect 594:624 significant hypoglycemic effect 594:624 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 11 contain possessed 584:592 arg1 DHP 553:555 DHP 553:555 DHP 553:555 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 11 contain possessed 584:592 arg1 DCP 579:581 DCP 579:581 DCP 579:581 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 11 contain possessed 584:592 arg1 DOP 558:560 DOP 558:560 DOP 558:560 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 11 contain possessed 584:592 arg1 DNP 566:568 DNP 566:568 DNP 566:568 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 11 contain possessed 584:592 arg2 effect 619:624 significant hypoglycemic effect 594:624 significant hypoglycemic effect 594:624 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 4 12 theme protective 940:949 arg1 effects 951:957 protective effects 940:957 protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage 940:998 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 2 13 theme protein 508:514 arg1 analysis 454:461 The analysis 450:461 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels 450:539 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 1 14 theme oral 429:432 arg1 administration 434:447 oral administration 429:447 oral administration 429:447 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 1 15 contain had 237:239 arg2 differences 249:259 obvious differences 241:259 obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions 241:316 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 1 15 contain had 237:239 arg1 polysaccharides 117:131 Four polysaccharides 112:131 Four polysaccharides 112:131 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 2 16 theme serum 502:506 arg1 protein 508:514 glycosylated serum protein 489:514 glycosylated serum protein 489:514 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 4 17 theme dismutase 820:828 arg1 levels 873:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels 809:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 809:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 2 18 theme significant 594:604 arg1 effect 619:624 significant hypoglycemic effect 594:624 significant hypoglycemic effect 594:624 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 19 gly glycosylated 489:500 arg1 protein 508:514 glycosylated serum protein 489:514 glycosylated serum protein 489:514 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 2 20 theme glycosylated 489:500 arg1 protein 508:514 glycosylated serum protein 489:514 glycosylated serum protein 489:514 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 0 21 from effects 45:51 arg1 species 103:109 four different Dendrobium species 77:109 four different Dendrobium species 77:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 4 22 theme superoxide 809:818 arg1 dismutase 820:828 superoxide dismutase 809:828 superoxide dismutase 809:828 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 1 23 from huoshanense 149:159 arg1 polysaccharides 117:131 Four polysaccharides 112:131 Four polysaccharides 112:131 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 3 24 theme DNP 739:741 arg1 capability 712:721 the capability 708:721 the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues 708:785 Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. 24370475 2 25 theme fasting 466:472 arg1 glucose 480:486 fasting blood glucose 466:486 fasting blood glucose 466:486 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 4 26 theme catalase 831:838 arg1 levels 873:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels 809:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 809:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 27 theme levels 873:878 arg1 determination 792:804 The determination 788:804 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 788:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 5 28 from differences 1088:1098 arg1 activities 1134:1143 hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 1103:1143 hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 1103:1143 These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties. 24370475 3 29 theme DOP 731:733 arg1 capability 712:721 the capability 708:721 the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues 708:785 Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. 24370475 1 30 theme diabetic 412:419 arg1 mice 421:424 alloxan-induced diabetic mice 396:424 alloxan-induced diabetic mice 396:424 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 2 31 theme decreasing 635:644 arg1 order 646:650 the decreasing order 631:650 the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP 631:665 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 1 32 dep D. 209:210 arg1 chrysotoxum 212:222 D. chrysotoxum 209:222 D. chrysotoxum 209:222 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 4 33 from levels 873:878 arg1 kidney 897:902 kidney 897:902 kidney 897:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 33 from levels 873:878 arg1 liver 887:891 liver 887:891 liver 887:891 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 0 34 theme hypoglycemic 14:25 arg1 effects 45:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects 14:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species 14:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 3 35 theme DHP 726:728 arg1 capability 712:721 the capability 708:721 the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues 708:785 Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. 24370475 2 36 theme levels 534:539 arg1 analysis 454:461 The analysis 450:461 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels 450:539 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 5 37 theme significant 1076:1086 arg1 differences 1088:1098 significant differences 1076:1098 significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties 1076:1245 These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties. 24370475 0 38 theme effects 45:51 arg1 Comparison 0:9 Comparison 0:9 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 0:110 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 1 39 theme obvious 241:247 arg1 differences 249:259 obvious differences 241:259 obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions 241:316 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 2 40 theme insulin 526:532 arg1 levels 534:539 serum insulin levels 520:539 serum insulin levels 520:539 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 1 41 theme hypoglycemic 351:362 arg1 activities 382:391 their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 345:391 their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice 345:424 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 0 42 theme antioxidative 31:43 arg1 effects 45:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects 14:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species 14:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 2 43 theme serum 520:524 arg1 levels 534:539 serum insulin levels 520:539 serum insulin levels 520:539 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 4 44 from kidney 897:902 arg1 determination 792:804 The determination 788:804 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 788:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 0 45 theme polysaccharides 56:70 arg1 effects 45:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects 14:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species 14:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 5 46 theme hypoglycemic 1103:1114 arg1 activities 1134:1143 hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 1103:1143 hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 1103:1143 These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties. 24370475 3 47 from damage 760:765 arg1 tissues 779:785 pancreas tissues 770:785 pancreas tissues 770:785 Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. 24370475 1 48 theme antioxidative 368:380 arg1 activities 382:391 their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities 345:391 their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice 345:424 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 4 49 from determination 792:804 arg1 kidney 897:902 kidney 897:902 kidney 897:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 49 from determination 792:804 arg1 liver 887:891 liver 887:891 liver 887:891 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 50 theme oxidative 983:991 arg1 damage 993:998 alloxan-induced oxidative damage 967:998 alloxan-induced oxidative damage 967:998 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 1 51 theme intrinsic 264:272 arg1 viscosities 274:284 intrinsic viscosities 264:284 intrinsic viscosities 264:284 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 1 52 from D. 209:210 arg1 polysaccharides 117:131 Four polysaccharides 112:131 Four polysaccharides 112:131 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 4 53 from liver 887:891 arg1 determination 792:804 The determination 788:804 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 788:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 4 54 theme L-glutathione 859:871 arg1 levels 873:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels 809:878 superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney 809:902 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 1 55 from activities 382:391 arg1 mice 421:424 alloxan-induced diabetic mice 396:424 alloxan-induced diabetic mice 396:424 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 5 56 theme Dendrobium 1158:1167 arg1 polysaccharides 1169:1183 four Dendrobium polysaccharides 1153:1183 four Dendrobium polysaccharides 1153:1183 These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties. 24370475 2 57 theme DHP>DNP>DOP 655:665 arg1 order 646:650 the decreasing order 631:650 the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP 631:665 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 3 58 theme pancreas 770:777 arg1 tissues 779:785 pancreas tissues 770:785 pancreas tissues 770:785 Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. 24370475 4 59 theme alloxan-induced 967:981 arg1 damage 993:998 alloxan-induced oxidative damage 967:998 alloxan-induced oxidative damage 967:998 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 1 60 theme alloxan-induced 396:410 arg1 mice 421:424 alloxan-induced diabetic mice 396:424 alloxan-induced diabetic mice 396:424 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 4 61 dep liver 887:891 arg1 the 883:885 the 883:885 the 883:885 The determination of superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonaldehyde and L-glutathione levels in the liver and kidney displayed that DHP, DOP and DNP had protective effects against alloxan-induced oxidative damage and the effect of DHP ranked first. 24370475 0 62 from species 103:109 arg1 effects 45:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects 14:51 hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species 14:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 0 62 from species 103:109 arg1 polysaccharides 56:70 polysaccharides 56:70 polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species 56:109 Comparison of hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects of polysaccharides from four different Dendrobium species. 24370475 2 63 theme glucose 480:486 arg1 analysis 454:461 The analysis 450:461 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels 450:539 The analysis of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein and serum insulin levels showed that DHP, DOP and DNP, but not DCP, possessed significant hypoglycemic effect with the decreasing order of DHP>DNP>DOP. 24370475 3 64 theme Histopathological 668:684 arg1 observation 686:696 Histopathological observation 668:696 Histopathological observation 668:696 Histopathological observation confirmed the capability of DHP, DOP and DNP to intervene the damage in pancreas tissues. 24370475 1 65 dep D. 189:190 arg1 nobile 192:197 D. nobile 189:197 D. nobile 189:197 Four polysaccharides from Dendrobium huoshanense (DHP), D. officinale (DOP), D. nobile (DNP) and D. chrysotoxum (DCP), which had obvious differences in intrinsic viscosities and monosaccharide compositions, were extracted to compare their hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by oral administration. 24370475 5 66 theme physicochemical 1220:1234 arg1 properties 1236:1245 their physicochemical properties 1214:1245 their physicochemical properties 1214:1245 These results suggested that there were significant differences in hypoglycemic and antioxidative activities between four Dendrobium polysaccharides, which may be contributed to their physicochemical properties. 24508090 3 0 theme extraction 607:616 arg1 time 618:621 extraction time 607:621 extraction time 607:621 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 2 1 dep X1 422:423 arg1 min 433:435 30-180 min 426:435 X1: 30-180 min 422:435 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 2 theme possible 381:388 arg1 combination 390:400 best possible combination 376:400 best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 376:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 3 3 from °C 678:679 arg1 temperature 657:667 extraction temperature 646:667 extraction temperature at 99.66 °C 646:679 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 3 3 from °C 678:679 arg1 ratio 689:693 the ratio 685:693 the ratio of water to raw material 685:718 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 3 3 from °C 678:679 arg1 g/mL 730:733 33.11 g/mL 724:733 33.11 g/mL 724:733 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 2 4 theme variable 301:308 arg1 level 288:292 a three level 280:292 a three level 280:292 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 4 theme variable 301:308 arg1 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 4 theme variable 301:308 arg1 design 338:343 three variable central composite rotatable design 295:343 three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) 295:350 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 5 theme X2 463:464 arg1 °C 474:475 X2: 70-100 °C 463:475 X2: 70-100 °C 463:475 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 5 theme X2 463:464 arg1 temperature 450:460 extraction temperature 439:460 extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) 439:476 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 6 6 theme in 975:976 arg1 studies 995:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies 957:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies 957:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies indicated that lemongrass polysaccharides were useful for anticancer therapy. 24508090 2 7 theme maximum 530:536 arg1 extraction 544:553 maximum HWSPs extraction 530:553 maximum HWSPs extraction 530:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 8 theme HWSPs 538:542 arg1 extraction 544:553 maximum HWSPs extraction 530:553 maximum HWSPs extraction 530:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 6 9 theme lemongrass 1018:1027 arg1 polysaccharides 1029:1043 lemongrass polysaccharides 1018:1043 lemongrass polysaccharides 1018:1043 These preliminary in vitro biological studies indicated that lemongrass polysaccharides were useful for anticancer therapy. 24508090 3 10 theme raw 707:709 arg1 material 711:718 raw material 707:718 raw material 707:718 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 4 11 theme RSM 861:863 arg1 yield 871:875 RSM model yield 861:875 RSM model yield (13.19%) 861:884 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 4 11 theme RSM 861:863 arg1 % 883:883 13.19% 878:883 13.19% 878:883 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 3 12 theme water 698:702 arg1 temperature 657:667 extraction temperature 646:667 extraction temperature at 99.66 °C 646:679 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 3 12 theme water 698:702 arg1 ratio 689:693 the ratio 685:693 the ratio of water to raw material 685:718 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 3 12 theme water 698:702 arg1 g/mL 730:733 33.11 g/mL 724:733 33.11 g/mL 724:733 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 2 13 theme temperature 450:460 arg1 combination 390:400 best possible combination 376:400 best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 376:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 4 14 theme experimental 764:775 arg1 yield 777:781 the experimental yield 760:781 the experimental yield 760:781 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 4 14 theme experimental 764:775 arg1 % 797:797 13.24±0.23% 787:797 13.24±0.23% 787:797 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 1 15 theme Cymbopogon 175:184 arg1 citratus 186:193 Cymbopogon citratus 175:193 Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction 175:219 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 2 16 theme time 416:419 arg1 combination 390:400 best possible combination 376:400 best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 376:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 3 17 theme extraction 646:655 arg1 temperature 657:667 extraction temperature 646:667 extraction temperature at 99.66 °C 646:679 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 2 18 dep time 416:419 arg1 X1 422:423 X1 422:423 X1: 30-180 min 422:435 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 5 19 theme HWSPs 917:921 arg1 characterization 897:912 The basic characterization 887:912 The basic characterization of HWSPs 887:921 The basic characterization of HWSPs was determined by using the FTIR. 24508090 2 20 theme extraction 405:414 arg1 time 416:419 extraction time 405:419 extraction time (X1: 30-180 min) 405:436 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 21 theme water 482:486 arg1 combination 390:400 best possible combination 376:400 best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 376:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 6 22 theme biological 984:993 arg1 studies 995:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies 957:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies 957:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies indicated that lemongrass polysaccharides were useful for anticancer therapy. 24508090 1 23 theme hot 201:203 arg1 decoction 211:219 hot water decoction 201:219 hot water decoction 201:219 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 0 24 theme Cymbopogon 45:54 arg1 citratus 56:63 Cymbopogon citratus 45:63 Cymbopogon citratus 45:63 Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Cymbopogon citratus and its biological activities. 24508090 6 25 theme preliminary 963:973 arg1 studies 995:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies 957:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies 957:1001 These preliminary in vitro biological studies indicated that lemongrass polysaccharides were useful for anticancer therapy. 24508090 2 26 theme best 376:379 arg1 combination 390:400 best possible combination 376:400 best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 376:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 27 theme Response 236:243 arg1 methodology 253:263 Response surface methodology 236:263 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), 236:351 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 27 theme Response 236:243 arg1 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 1 28 theme water 205:209 arg1 decoction 211:219 hot water decoction 201:219 hot water decoction 201:219 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 2 29 dep ratio 508:512 arg1 X3 515:516 X3 515:516 X3: 10-60 515:523 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 4 30 theme model 865:869 arg1 yield 871:875 RSM model yield 861:875 RSM model yield (13.19%) 861:884 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 4 30 theme model 865:869 arg1 % 883:883 13.19% 878:883 13.19% 878:883 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 0 31 theme polysaccharides 24:38 arg1 extraction 10:19 extraction 10:19 extraction of polysaccharides 10:38 Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Cymbopogon citratus and its biological activities. 24508090 4 32 theme close 817:821 arg1 agreement 823:831 close agreement 817:831 close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%) 817:884 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 2 33 theme material 499:506 arg1 ratio 508:512 the raw material ratio 491:512 the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 491:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 34 theme rotatable 328:336 arg1 level 288:292 a three level 280:292 a three level 280:292 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 34 theme rotatable 328:336 arg1 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 34 theme rotatable 328:336 arg1 design 338:343 three variable central composite rotatable design 295:343 three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) 295:350 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 35 dep X3 515:516 arg1 10-60 519:523 10-60 519:523 10-60 519:523 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 36 theme raw 495:497 arg1 material 499:506 raw material 495:506 the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction 491:553 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 37 theme composite 318:326 arg1 level 288:292 a three level 280:292 a three level 280:292 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 37 theme composite 318:326 arg1 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 37 theme composite 318:326 arg1 design 338:343 three variable central composite rotatable design 295:343 three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) 295:350 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 1 38 theme hot 128:130 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 hot water soluble polysaccharides 128:160 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) 128:168 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 1 38 theme hot 128:130 arg1 HWSPs 163:167 HWSPs 163:167 HWSPs 163:167 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 3 39 theme optimum 560:566 arg1 conditions 579:588 The optimum extraction conditions 556:588 The optimum extraction conditions 556:588 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 6 40 theme anticancer 1061:1070 arg1 therapy 1072:1078 anticancer therapy 1061:1078 anticancer therapy 1061:1078 These preliminary in vitro biological studies indicated that lemongrass polysaccharides were useful for anticancer therapy. 24508090 4 41 with agreement 823:831 arg1 value 842:846 the value 838:846 the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%) 838:884 Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 13.24±0.23%, which is well in close agreement with the value predicted by RSM model yield (13.19%). 24508090 1 42 theme water 132:136 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 hot water soluble polysaccharides 128:160 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) 128:168 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 1 42 theme water 132:136 arg1 HWSPs 163:167 HWSPs 163:167 HWSPs 163:167 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 5 43 theme basic 891:895 arg1 characterization 897:912 The basic characterization 887:912 The basic characterization of HWSPs 887:921 The basic characterization of HWSPs was determined by using the FTIR. 24508090 2 44 theme central 310:316 arg1 level 288:292 a three level 280:292 a three level 280:292 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 44 theme central 310:316 arg1 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 CCRD 346:349 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 44 theme central 310:316 arg1 design 338:343 three variable central composite rotatable design 295:343 three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD) 295:350 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 0 45 theme biological 73:82 arg1 activities 84:93 its biological activities 69:93 its biological activities 69:93 Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Cymbopogon citratus and its biological activities. 24508090 3 46 theme extraction 568:577 arg1 conditions 579:588 The optimum extraction conditions 556:588 The optimum extraction conditions 556:588 The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was around 113.81 min, extraction temperature at 99.66 °C and the ratio of water to raw material was 33.11 g/mL. 24508090 6 47 dep in 975:976 arg1 vitro 978:982 vitro 978:982 vitro 978:982 These preliminary in vitro biological studies indicated that lemongrass polysaccharides were useful for anticancer therapy. 24508090 1 48 from citratus 186:193 arg1 extraction 114:123 the extraction 110:123 the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction 110:219 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 1 49 theme soluble 138:144 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 hot water soluble polysaccharides 128:160 hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) 128:168 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 1 49 theme soluble 138:144 arg1 HWSPs 163:167 HWSPs 163:167 HWSPs 163:167 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 24508090 2 50 theme extraction 439:448 arg1 °C 474:475 X2: 70-100 °C 463:475 X2: 70-100 °C 463:475 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 50 theme extraction 439:448 arg1 temperature 450:460 extraction temperature 439:460 extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) 439:476 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 51 theme surface 245:251 arg1 methodology 253:263 Response surface methodology 236:263 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), 236:351 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 2 51 theme surface 245:251 arg1 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 RSM 266:268 Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three level, three variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), was employed to obtain best possible combination of extraction time (X1: 30-180 min), extraction temperature (X2: 70-100 °C) and water to the raw material ratio (X3: 10-60) for maximum HWSPs extraction. 24508090 1 52 theme polysaccharides 146:160 arg1 extraction 114:123 the extraction 110:123 the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction 110:219 In this study the extraction of hot water soluble polysaccharides (HWSPs) from Cymbopogon citratus using hot water decoction was discussed. 26076607 0 0 theme antioxidant 94:104 arg1 activity 106:113 its antioxidant activity 90:113 its antioxidant activity 90:113 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 1 1 theme gel 346:348 arg1 chromatography 361:374 a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography 318:374 chromatography 361:374 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 2 2 from glucose 494:500 arg1 ratio 534:538 molar ratio 528:538 molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3 528:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 5 3 theme DPPH 1055:1058 arg1 radicals 1060:1067 the DPPH radicals 1051:1067 the DPPH radicals 1051:1067 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 3 4 theme 4-linked 672:679 arg1 β-Galp 681:686 4-linked β-Galp 672:686 4-linked β-Galp 672:686 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 0 5 from characterization 11:26 arg1 flowers 78:84 Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers 53:84 Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers 53:84 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 0 5 from characterization 11:26 arg1 activity 106:113 its antioxidant activity 90:113 its antioxidant activity 90:113 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 1 6 from column 335:340 arg1 column 400:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 2 7 from arabinose 515:523 arg1 ratio 534:538 molar ratio 528:538 molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3 528:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 2 8 dep 3.3 548:550 arg1 2.3 558:560 2.3 558:560 2.3 558:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 2 8 dep 3.3 548:550 arg1 1.0 553:555 1.0 553:555 1.0 553:555 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 3 9 theme 6-linked 793:800 arg1 β-Galp 802:807 1, 6-linked β-Galp 790:807 β-Galp 802:807 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 10 theme kDa 265:267 arg1 weight 251:256 a molecular weight 239:256 a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa 239:267 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 5 11 theme potential 1153:1161 arg1 it 1127:1128 it 1127:1128 it 1127:1128 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 5 11 theme potential 1153:1161 arg1 antioxidant 1171:1181 a potential natural antioxidant 1151:1181 a potential natural antioxidant 1151:1181 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 2 12 from galactose 483:491 arg1 ratio 534:538 molar ratio 528:538 molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3 528:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 4 13 link 6-linked 898:905 arg1 β-Galp 907:912 1, 6-linked β-Galp 895:912 β-Galp 907:912 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 4 14 with β-Galp 907:912 arg1 α-Glcp 928:933 T-linked α-Glcp 919:933 T-linked α-Glcp 919:933 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 4 15 link T-linked 919:926 arg1 α-Glcp 928:933 T-linked α-Glcp 919:933 T-linked α-Glcp 919:933 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 3 16 theme partial 823:829 arg1 β-Galp 843:848 partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp 823:848 β-Galp 843:848 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 2 17 theme Monosaccharide 408:421 arg1 analysis 435:442 Monosaccharide composition analysis 408:442 Monosaccharide composition analysis 408:442 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 2 18 theme molar 528:532 arg1 ratio 534:538 molar ratio 528:538 molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3 528:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 1 19 theme Sephacryl 381:389 arg1 column 400:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 0:114 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 3 21 link T-linked 865:872 arg1 α-Glcp 874:879 T-linked α-Glcp 865:879 T-linked α-Glcp 865:879 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 22 theme S-300 391:395 arg1 column 400:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 3 23 theme 4-linked 692:699 arg1 β-Glcp 701:706 4-linked β-Glcp 692:706 4-linked β-Glcp 692:706 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 24 theme permeation 350:359 arg1 chromatography 361:374 a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography 318:374 chromatography 361:374 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 4 25 theme β-Galp 907:912 arg1 β-Galp 907:912 1, 6-linked β-Galp 895:912 β-Galp 907:912 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 4 25 theme β-Galp 907:912 arg1 % 890:890 About 40% 882:890 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp 882:933 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 3 26 theme 4-linked 834:841 arg1 β-Galp 843:848 partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp 823:848 β-Galp 843:848 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 27 theme water-soluble 195:207 arg1 CMJA0S2 225:231 CMJA0S2 225:231 CMJA0S2 225:231 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 1 27 theme water-soluble 195:207 arg1 polysaccharide 209:222 a water-soluble polysaccharide 193:222 a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa 193:267 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 2 28 theme 3.3 548:550 arg1 ratio 534:538 molar ratio 528:538 molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3 528:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 3 29 theme β-Galp 843:848 arg1 O-6 816:818 O-6 816:818 O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp 816:879 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 4 30 theme T-linked 919:926 arg1 α-Glcp 928:933 T-linked α-Glcp 919:933 T-linked α-Glcp 919:933 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 1 31 theme anion-exchange 285:298 arg1 chromatography 300:313 anion-exchange chromatography 285:313 anion-exchange chromatography 285:313 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 1 32 theme HR 397:398 arg1 column 400:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 5 33 theme natural 1163:1169 arg1 it 1127:1128 it 1127:1128 it 1127:1128 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 5 33 theme natural 1163:1169 arg1 antioxidant 1171:1181 a potential natural antioxidant 1151:1181 a potential natural antioxidant 1151:1181 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 1 34 with polysaccharide 209:222 arg1 weight 251:256 a molecular weight 239:256 a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa 239:267 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 2 35 from mannose 503:509 arg1 ratio 534:538 molar ratio 528:538 molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3 528:560 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 3 36 link 4-linked 672:679 arg1 β-Galp 681:686 4-linked β-Galp 672:686 4-linked β-Galp 672:686 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 0 37 theme polysaccharide 33:46 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 0:114 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 5 38 theme anti-oxidative 992:1005 arg1 analysis 1007:1014 The anti-oxidative analysis 988:1014 The anti-oxidative analysis 988:1014 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 1 39 from chromatography 361:374 arg1 column 400:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 a Sephacryl S-300 HR column 379:405 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 3 40 theme NMR 622:624 arg1 spectra 626:632 NMR spectra 622:632 NMR spectra 622:632 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 41 theme T-linked 865:872 arg1 α-Glcp 874:879 T-linked α-Glcp 865:879 T-linked α-Glcp 865:879 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 2 42 theme composition 423:433 arg1 analysis 435:442 Monosaccharide composition analysis 408:442 Monosaccharide composition analysis 408:442 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that CMJA0S2 was composed of galactose, glucose, mannose and arabinose in molar ratio of 4.1: 3.3: 1.0: 2.3. 26076607 0 43 theme morifolium 67:76 arg1 flowers 78:84 Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers 53:84 Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers 53:84 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 3 44 link 6-linked 793:800 arg1 β-Galp 802:807 1, 6-linked β-Galp 790:807 β-Galp 802:807 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 0 45 from flowers 78:84 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 0:114 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 0 45 from flowers 78:84 arg1 polysaccharide 33:46 a polysaccharide 31:46 a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity 31:113 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 3 46 link 4-linked 834:841 arg1 β-Galp 843:848 partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp 823:848 β-Galp 843:848 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 47 link 4-linked 715:722 arg1 β-Manp 724:729 4-linked β-Manp 715:729 4-linked β-Manp 715:729 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 47 link 4-linked 715:722 arg1 1 669:669 1 669:669 1 669:669 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 0 48 theme Chrysanthemum 53:65 arg1 flowers 78:84 Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers 53:84 Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers 53:84 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 1 49 theme DEAE-cellulose 320:333 arg1 column 335:340 a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography 318:374 column 335:340 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 3 50 link 4-linked 771:778 arg1 β-Manp 780:785 1, 4-linked β-Manp 768:785 β-Manp 780:785 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 51 theme linkage 576:582 arg1 analysis 584:591 linkage analysis 576:591 linkage analysis 576:591 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 52 theme Chrysanthemum 131:143 arg1 morifolium 145:154 Chrysanthemum morifolium 131:154 Chrysanthemum morifolium 131:154 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 4 53 theme α-Araf- 961:967 arg1 -α-Araf- 974:981 α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3 961:985 α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3 961:985 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 3 54 theme 4-linked 715:722 arg1 β-Manp 724:729 4-linked β-Manp 715:729 4-linked β-Manp 715:729 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 54 theme 4-linked 715:722 arg1 1 669:669 1 669:669 1 669:669 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 55 theme morifolium 145:154 arg1 flowers 120:126 The flowers 116:126 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium 116:154 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 3 56 link 4-linked 692:699 arg1 β-Glcp 701:706 4-linked β-Glcp 692:706 4-linked β-Glcp 692:706 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 57 theme 4-linked 771:778 arg1 β-Manp 780:785 1, 4-linked β-Manp 768:785 β-Manp 780:785 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 0 58 from activity 106:113 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 0:114 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 0 58 from activity 106:113 arg1 polysaccharide 33:46 a polysaccharide 31:46 a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity 31:113 Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and its antioxidant activity. 26076607 3 59 theme partial 594:600 arg1 hydrolysis 607:616 partial acid hydrolysis 594:616 partial acid hydrolysis 594:616 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 60 theme β-Manp 780:785 arg1 C-6 761:763 C-6 761:763 C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp 761:807 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 1 61 theme molecular 241:249 arg1 weight 251:256 a molecular weight 239:256 a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa 239:267 The flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium were extracted by boiling water, and a water-soluble polysaccharide (CMJA0S2) with a molecular weight of 6.5 kDa was isolated by anion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and gel permeation chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 HR column. 26076607 4 62 theme 6-linked 898:905 arg1 β-Galp 907:912 1, 6-linked β-Galp 895:912 β-Galp 907:912 About 40% of 1, 6-linked β-Galp with T-linked α-Glcp was substituted at O-3 by α-Araf-(1→[5)-α-Araf-(1]3. 26076607 3 63 theme acid 602:605 arg1 hydrolysis 607:616 partial acid hydrolysis 594:616 partial acid hydrolysis 594:616 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg2 β-Glcp 701:706 4-linked β-Glcp 692:706 4-linked β-Glcp 692:706 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg2 1 712:712 1 712:712 1 712:712 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg2 β-Galp 681:686 4-linked β-Galp 672:686 4-linked β-Galp 672:686 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg2 1 689:689 1 689:689 1 689:689 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg1 backbone 639:646 the backbone 635:646 the backbone 635:646 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg2 β-Manp 724:729 4-linked β-Manp 715:729 4-linked β-Manp 715:729 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 3 64 contain contain 661:667 arg2 1 669:669 1 669:669 1 669:669 According to linkage analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and NMR spectra, the backbone was shown to contain 1, 4-linked β-Galp, 1, 4-linked β-Glcp and 1, 4-linked β-Manp, with branches substituted at C-6 of 1, 4-linked β-Manp by 1, 6-linked β-Galp and at O-6 of partial 1, 4-linked β-Galp substituted by T-linked α-Glcp. 26076607 5 65 theme cells 1100:1104 arg1 damage 1085:1090 the damage 1081:1090 the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2 1081:1119 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 26076607 5 66 theme PC12 1095:1098 arg1 cells 1100:1104 PC12 cells 1095:1104 PC12 cells 1095:1104 The anti-oxidative analysis showed that CMJA0S2 could scavenge the DPPH radicals and relieve the damage of PC12 cells caused by H2O2, thus it could be regarded as a potential natural antioxidant. 27763505 0 0 theme LMW 80:82 arg1 Fraction 100:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction 78:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum 78:144 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 10 1 theme better 1595:1600 arg1 characterization 1602:1617 a better characterization 1593:1617 a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells 1593:1732 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 10 2 from structure 1661:1669 arg1 cells 1728:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 6 3 theme higher 1043:1048 arg1 potential 1130:1138 a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential 1041:1138 a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential 1041:1138 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 1 4 from uptake 296:301 arg1 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 4 from uptake 296:301 arg1 cells 369:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells 306:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 306:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 6 5 dep higher 1043:1048 arg1 pro-migratory 1099:1111 pro-migratory 1099:1111 pro-migratory 1099:1111 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 6 5 dep higher 1043:1048 arg1 chamber 1121:1127 Boyden chamber 1114:1127 Boyden chamber 1114:1127 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 6 5 dep higher 1043:1048 arg1 pro-angiogenic 1050:1063 pro-angiogenic 1050:1063 pro-angiogenic 1050:1063 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 5 6 theme heparin 944:950 arg1 proteins 960:967 heparin binding proteins 944:967 heparin binding proteins 944:967 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 0 7 theme Sulfated 91:98 arg1 Fraction 100:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction 78:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum 78:144 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 1 8 dep native 306:311 arg1 GAG-free 341:348 GAG-free 341:348 GAG-free 341:348 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 8 9 from involvement 1391:1401 arg1 internalization 1410:1424 the internalization 1406:1424 the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF 1406:1446 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 1 10 theme cellular 287:294 arg1 uptake 296:301 cellular uptake 287:301 cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 287:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 7 11 theme pro-angiogenic 1224:1237 arg1 potential 1239:1247 a pro-angiogenic potential 1222:1247 a pro-angiogenic potential 1222:1247 Interestingly, in a GAG-free HUVECs model, LMWF kept a pro-angiogenic potential. 27763505 6 12 from 2D-angiogenesis 1066:1080 arg1 Matrigel 1085:1092 Matrigel 1085:1092 Matrigel 1085:1092 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 10 13 theme pro-angiogenic 1679:1692 arg1 potential 1694:1702 its pro-angiogenic potential 1675:1702 its pro-angiogenic potential 1675:1702 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 8 14 theme confocal 1362:1369 arg1 microscopy 1371:1380 confocal microscopy 1362:1380 confocal microscopy 1362:1380 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 9 15 theme HUVEC 1502:1506 arg1 endocytosis 1527:1537 HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis 1502:1537 HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which GAGs were partially involved 1502:1575 The fluorescent LMWF was mainly internalized through HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which GAGs were partially involved. 27763505 8 16 theme LMWF-induced 1290:1301 arg1 effects 1314:1320 LMWF-induced biological effects 1290:1320 LMWF-induced biological effects 1290:1320 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 5 17 theme binding 952:958 arg1 proteins 960:967 heparin binding proteins 944:967 heparin binding proteins 944:967 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 4 18 theme FT-IR 875:879 arg1 spectroscopy 881:892 colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy 836:892 spectroscopy 881:892 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 9 19 theme clathrin-dependent 1508:1525 arg1 endocytosis 1527:1537 HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis 1502:1537 HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which GAGs were partially involved 1502:1575 The fluorescent LMWF was mainly internalized through HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which GAGs were partially involved. 27763505 8 20 theme GAGs 1386:1389 arg1 involvement 1391:1401 the GAGs involvement 1382:1401 the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF 1382:1446 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 6 21 theme Boyden 1114:1119 arg1 pro-migratory 1099:1111 pro-migratory 1099:1111 pro-migratory 1099:1111 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 6 21 theme Boyden 1114:1119 arg1 chamber 1121:1127 Boyden chamber 1114:1127 Boyden chamber 1114:1127 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 0 22 theme Fraction 100:107 arg1 Mechanism 65:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 0 22 theme Fraction 100:107 arg1 Potential 35:43 a Pro-Angiogenic Potential 18:43 a Pro-Angiogenic Potential 18:43 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 4 23 theme Molecular 674:682 arg1 Weight 684:689 Low and Medium Molecular Weight 659:689 Weight 684:689 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 3 24 theme pro-angiogenic 570:583 arg1 processes 585:593 pro-angiogenic processes 570:593 pro-angiogenic processes 570:593 We hypothesized that the size and sulfation rate of fucoidans influence their ability to induce pro-angiogenic processes independently of GAGs. 27763505 1 25 theme structure/function 173:190 arg1 relationships 192:204 the structure/function relationships 169:204 the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 169:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 0 26 from Potential 35:43 arg1 nodosum 138:144 Ascophyllum nodosum 126:144 Ascophyllum nodosum 126:144 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 10 27 theme relationships 1626:1638 arg1 characterization 1602:1617 a better characterization 1593:1617 a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells 1593:1732 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 6 28 dep pro-angiogenic 1050:1063 arg1 2D-angiogenesis 1066:1080 2D-angiogenesis 1066:1080 2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel 1066:1092 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 2 29 theme sulfated 406:413 arg1 polysaccharides 415:429 marine sulfated polysaccharides 399:429 marine sulfated polysaccharides 399:429 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 2 29 theme sulfated 406:413 arg1 mimetics 464:471 glycosaminoglycans mimetics 445:471 glycosaminoglycans mimetics 445:471 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 2 29 theme sulfated 406:413 arg1 Fucoidans 385:393 Fucoidans 385:393 Fucoidans 385:393 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 10 30 dep structure 1661:1669 arg1 the 1648:1650 the 1648:1650 the 1648:1650 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 9 31 theme fluorescent 1453:1463 arg1 LMWF 1465:1468 The fluorescent LMWF 1449:1468 The fluorescent LMWF 1449:1468 The fluorescent LMWF was mainly internalized through HUVEC clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which GAGs were partially involved. 27763505 5 32 theme Surface 987:993 arg1 Resonance 1003:1011 Surface Plasmon Resonance 987:1011 Surface Plasmon Resonance 987:1011 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 2 33 theme marine 399:404 arg1 polysaccharides 415:429 marine sulfated polysaccharides 399:429 marine sulfated polysaccharides 399:429 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 2 33 theme marine 399:404 arg1 mimetics 464:471 glycosaminoglycans mimetics 445:471 glycosaminoglycans mimetics 445:471 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 2 33 theme marine 399:404 arg1 Fucoidans 385:393 Fucoidans 385:393 Fucoidans 385:393 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 0 34 theme Pro-Angiogenic 20:33 arg1 Potential 35:43 a Pro-Angiogenic Potential 18:43 a Pro-Angiogenic Potential 18:43 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 1 35 theme native 306:311 arg1 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 35 theme native 306:311 arg1 cells 369:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells 306:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 306:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 10 36 theme endothelial 1716:1726 arg1 cells 1728:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 5 37 theme Plasmon 995:1001 arg1 Resonance 1003:1011 Surface Plasmon Resonance 987:1011 Surface Plasmon Resonance 987:1011 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 1 38 theme fucoidans 209:217 arg1 relationships 192:204 the structure/function relationships 169:204 the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 169:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 6 39 contain has 1037:1039 arg2 potential 1130:1138 a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential 1041:1138 a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential 1041:1138 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 6 39 contain has 1037:1039 arg1 LMWF 1032:1035 LMWF 1032:1035 LMWF 1032:1035 We evidenced that LMWF has a higher pro-angiogenic (2D-angiogenesis on Matrigel) and pro-migratory (Boyden chamber) potential on HUVECs, compared to MMWF. 27763505 0 40 theme Fucoidan 112:119 arg1 Fraction 100:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction 78:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum 78:144 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 10 41 theme vascular 1790:1797 arg1 repair 1799:1804 vascular repair 1790:1804 vascular repair in ischemia 1790:1816 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 4 42 theme Medium 667:672 arg1 Weight 684:689 Low and Medium Molecular Weight 659:689 Weight 684:689 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 1 43 theme glycosaminoglycan-free 317:338 arg1 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 43 theme glycosaminoglycan-free 317:338 arg1 cells 369:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells 306:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 306:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 44 from effect 276:281 arg1 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 44 from effect 276:281 arg1 cells 369:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells 306:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 306:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 10 45 from potential 1694:1702 arg1 cells 1728:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 4 46 dep Fucoidan 691:698 arg1 LMWF 701:704 LMWF 701:704 LMWF 701:704 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 46 dep Fucoidan 691:698 arg1 MMWF 710:713 MMWF 710:713 MMWF 710:713 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 10 47 theme fucoidan 1652:1659 arg1 structure 1661:1669 fucoidan structure 1652:1669 fucoidan structure 1652:1669 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 8 48 theme effects 1314:1320 arg1 association 1275:1285 the association 1271:1285 the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake 1271:1344 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 0 49 theme Potential 35:43 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 0:145 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 4 50 theme size 733:736 arg1 chromatography 748:761 size exclusion chromatography 733:761 size exclusion chromatography 733:761 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 51 theme colorimetric 836:847 arg1 measurement 849:859 colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy 836:892 measurement 849:859 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 52 theme Weight 684:689 arg1 Fucoidan 691:698 Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan 659:698 Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) 659:728 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 52 theme Weight 684:689 arg1 fucoidans 648:656 fucoidans 648:656 fucoidans 648:656 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 0 53 theme Uptake 58:63 arg1 Mechanism 65:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 10 54 theme GAG-free 1707:1714 arg1 cells 1728:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 GAG-free endothelial cells 1707:1732 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 0 55 from Mechanism 65:73 arg1 nodosum 138:144 Ascophyllum nodosum 126:144 Ascophyllum nodosum 126:144 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 8 56 theme LMWF 1443:1446 arg1 internalization 1410:1424 the internalization 1406:1424 the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF 1406:1446 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 1 57 from nodosum 236:242 arg1 relationships 192:204 the structure/function relationships 169:204 the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 169:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 57 from nodosum 236:242 arg1 fucoidans 209:217 fucoidans 209:217 fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum 209:242 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 4 58 theme exclusion 738:746 arg1 chromatography 748:761 size exclusion chromatography 733:761 size exclusion chromatography 733:761 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 0 59 theme Cellular 49:56 arg1 Mechanism 65:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 8 60 theme fluorescent 1431:1441 arg1 LMWF 1443:1446 a fluorescent LMWF 1429:1446 a fluorescent LMWF 1429:1446 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 7 61 theme HUVECs 1198:1203 arg1 model 1205:1209 a GAG-free HUVECs model 1187:1209 a GAG-free HUVECs model 1187:1209 Interestingly, in a GAG-free HUVECs model, LMWF kept a pro-angiogenic potential. 27763505 3 62 theme fucoidans 526:534 arg1 sulfation 508:516 sulfation 508:516 sulfation 508:516 We hypothesized that the size and sulfation rate of fucoidans influence their ability to induce pro-angiogenic processes independently of GAGs. 27763505 3 62 theme fucoidans 526:534 arg1 size 499:502 size 499:502 size 499:502 We hypothesized that the size and sulfation rate of fucoidans influence their ability to induce pro-angiogenic processes independently of GAGs. 27763505 1 63 theme human 351:355 arg1 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 63 theme human 351:355 arg1 cells 369:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells 306:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 306:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 10 64 from repair 1799:1804 arg1 ischemia 1809:1816 ischemia 1809:1816 ischemia 1809:1816 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 10 65 theme adapted 1762:1768 arg1 fucoidan 1770:1777 an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia 1759:1816 an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia 1759:1816 In conclusion, a better characterization of the relationships between the fucoidan structure and its pro-angiogenic potential in GAG-free endothelial cells was required to identify an adapted fucoidan to enhance vascular repair in ischemia. 27763505 8 66 theme uptake 1339:1344 arg1 association 1275:1285 the association 1271:1285 the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake 1271:1344 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 0 67 from nodosum 138:144 arg1 Mechanism 65:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Cellular Uptake Mechanism 49:73 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 0 67 from nodosum 138:144 arg1 Fraction 100:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction 78:107 a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum 78:144 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 0 67 from nodosum 138:144 arg1 Potential 35:43 a Pro-Angiogenic Potential 18:43 a Pro-Angiogenic Potential 18:43 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 4 68 theme uronic 820:825 arg1 acid 827:830 uronic acid 820:830 uronic acid 820:830 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 1 69 from relationships 192:204 arg1 nodosum 236:242 Ascophyllum nodosum 224:242 Ascophyllum nodosum 224:242 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 8 70 theme cellular 1330:1337 arg1 uptake 1339:1344 its cellular uptake 1326:1344 its cellular uptake 1326:1344 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 7 71 theme GAG-free 1189:1196 arg1 model 1205:1209 a GAG-free HUVECs model 1187:1209 a GAG-free HUVECs model 1187:1209 Interestingly, in a GAG-free HUVECs model, LMWF kept a pro-angiogenic potential. 27763505 4 72 theme fucoidans 648:656 arg1 fractions 635:643 two fractions 631:643 two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) 631:728 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 73 dep composition 787:797 arg1 fucose 809:814 fucose 809:814 fucose 809:814 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 73 dep composition 787:797 arg1 acid 827:830 uronic acid 820:830 uronic acid 820:830 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 4 73 dep composition 787:797 arg1 sulfate 800:806 sulfate 800:806 sulfate 800:806 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 8 74 theme biological 1303:1312 arg1 effects 1314:1320 LMWF-induced biological effects 1290:1320 LMWF-induced biological effects 1290:1320 Finally, to evaluate the association of LMWF-induced biological effects and its cellular uptake, we analyzed by confocal microscopy the GAGs involvement in the internalization of a fluorescent LMWF. 27763505 3 75 dep size 499:502 arg1 the 495:497 the 495:497 the 495:497 We hypothesized that the size and sulfation rate of fucoidans influence their ability to induce pro-angiogenic processes independently of GAGs. 27763505 3 75 dep size 499:502 arg1 rate 518:521 rate 518:521 rate 518:521 We hypothesized that the size and sulfation rate of fucoidans influence their ability to induce pro-angiogenic processes independently of GAGs. 27763505 2 76 theme glycosaminoglycans 445:462 arg1 polysaccharides 415:429 marine sulfated polysaccharides 399:429 marine sulfated polysaccharides 399:429 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 2 76 theme glycosaminoglycans 445:462 arg1 mimetics 464:471 glycosaminoglycans mimetics 445:471 glycosaminoglycans mimetics 445:471 Fucoidans are marine sulfated polysaccharides, which act as glycosaminoglycans mimetics. 27763505 5 77 theme fractionated 918:929 arg1 fucoidans 931:939 fractionated fucoidans 918:939 fractionated fucoidans 918:939 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 5 78 theme high 899:902 arg1 affinities 904:913 The high affinities 895:913 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins 895:967 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 0 79 theme Mechanism 65:73 arg1 Identification 0:13 Identification 0:13 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 0:145 Identification of a Pro-Angiogenic Potential and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of a LMW Highly Sulfated Fraction of Fucoidan from Ascophyllum nodosum. 27763505 1 80 theme endothelial 357:367 arg1 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 HUVECs 376:381 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 1 80 theme endothelial 357:367 arg1 cells 369:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells 306:373 native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs) 306:382 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 27763505 4 81 theme Low 659:661 arg1 Weight 684:689 Low and Medium Molecular Weight 659:689 Weight 684:689 We collected two fractions of fucoidans, Low and Medium Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMWF and MMWF, respectively) by size exclusion chromatography and characterized their composition (sulfate, fucose and uronic acid) by colorimetric measurement and Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. 27763505 5 82 theme fucoidans 931:939 arg1 affinities 904:913 The high affinities 895:913 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins 895:967 The high affinities of fractionated fucoidans to heparin binding proteins were confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. 27763505 1 83 theme pro-angiogenic 261:274 arg1 effect 276:281 their pro-angiogenic effect 255:281 their pro-angiogenic effect 255:281 Herein we investigate the structure/function relationships of fucoidans from Ascophyllum nodosum to analyze their pro-angiogenic effect and cellular uptake in native and glycosaminoglycan-free (GAG-free) human endothelial cells (HUVECs). 25028877 6 0 theme sawtooth 902:909 arg1 patterns 911:918 sawtooth patterns 902:918 sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements 902:986 Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. 25028877 2 1 theme intra- 339:344 arg1 forces 365:370 the intra- and intermolecular forces 335:370 the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network 335:400 In this work, we use force spectroscopy to quantify the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network. 25028877 9 2 theme dominant 1431:1438 arg1 role 1440:1443 their dominant role 1425:1443 their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels 1425:1489 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 0 3 theme marine 81:86 arg1 gels 88:91 marine gels 81:91 marine gels 81:91 Self-assembly of polysaccharides gives rise to distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels. 25028877 7 4 theme high 994:997 arg1 degree 999:1004 a high degree 992:1004 a high degree of cross-linking 992:1021 At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. 25028877 1 5 theme atomic 171:176 arg1 AFM 196:198 AFM 196:198 AFM 196:198 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 1 5 theme atomic 171:176 arg1 microscopy 184:193 atomic force microscopy 171:193 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 171:199 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 3 6 theme microscopic 522:532 arg1 origins 534:540 the microscopic origins 518:540 the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses 518:573 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 7 7 theme cross-linking 1009:1021 arg1 degree 999:1004 a high degree 992:1004 a high degree of cross-linking 992:1021 At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. 25028877 4 8 theme single-fibril 583:595 arg1 level 597:601 the single-fibril level 579:601 the single-fibril level 579:601 At the single-fibril level, we uncover force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils. 25028877 4 9 theme force-extension 615:629 arg1 curves 631:636 force-extension curves 615:636 force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils 615:693 At the single-fibril level, we uncover force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils. 25028877 3 10 theme gels 491:494 arg1 measurements 419:430 force measurements 413:430 force measurements 413:430 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 3 10 theme gels 491:494 arg1 imaging 437:443 AFM imaging 433:443 AFM imaging 433:443 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 3 10 theme gels 491:494 arg1 composition 469:479 the known chemical composition 450:479 the known chemical composition of marine gels 450:494 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 8 11 theme complex 1132:1138 arg1 structure 1151:1159 the complex 3D network structure 1128:1159 the complex 3D network structure 1128:1159 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 8 12 theme force 1175:1179 arg1 staircases 1181:1190 force staircases 1175:1190 force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones 1175:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 7 13 theme helical 1102:1108 arg1 bundles 1110:1116 helical bundles 1102:1116 helical bundles 1102:1116 At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. 25028877 3 14 theme known 454:458 arg1 composition 469:479 the known chemical composition 450:479 the known chemical composition of marine gels 450:494 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 8 15 theme fibrils 1260:1266 arg1 peeling 1249:1255 the hierarchical peeling 1232:1255 the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones 1232:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 1 16 theme force 178:182 arg1 AFM 196:198 AFM 196:198 AFM 196:198 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 1 16 theme force 178:182 arg1 microscopy 184:193 atomic force microscopy 171:193 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 171:199 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 5 17 theme chair-to-boat 768:780 arg1 transitions 782:792 chair-to-boat transitions 768:792 chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces 768:846 They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. 25028877 7 18 theme bundles 1110:1116 arg1 unzipping 1066:1074 unzipping 1066:1074 unzipping 1066:1074 At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. 25028877 7 18 theme bundles 1110:1116 arg1 unwinding 1088:1096 unwinding 1088:1096 unwinding 1088:1096 At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. 25028877 8 19 theme hierarchical 1236:1247 arg1 peeling 1249:1255 the hierarchical peeling 1232:1255 the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones 1232:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 5 20 theme high 836:839 arg1 forces 841:846 high forces 836:846 high forces 836:846 They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. 25028877 5 21 from forces 841:846 arg1 type 810:813 the type 806:813 the type of polysaccharide at high forces 806:846 They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. 25028877 3 22 theme mechanical 554:563 arg1 responses 565:573 distinct mechanical responses 545:573 distinct mechanical responses 545:573 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 4 23 theme polysaccharide 672:685 arg1 fibrils 687:693 individual polysaccharide fibrils 661:693 individual polysaccharide fibrils 661:693 At the single-fibril level, we uncover force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils. 25028877 1 24 theme cross-linking 268:280 arg1 degrees 257:263 low to high degrees 245:263 low to high degrees of cross-linking 245:280 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 3 25 theme responses 565:573 arg1 origins 534:540 the microscopic origins 518:540 the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses 518:573 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 4 26 theme individual 661:670 arg1 fibrils 687:693 individual polysaccharide fibrils 661:693 individual polysaccharide fibrils 661:693 At the single-fibril level, we uncover force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils. 25028877 8 27 theme height 1206:1211 arg1 staircases 1181:1190 force staircases 1175:1190 force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones 1175:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 9 28 theme diverse 1330:1336 arg1 responses 1349:1357 these diverse mechanical responses 1324:1357 these diverse mechanical responses 1324:1357 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 5 29 theme entropic 709:716 arg1 elasticity 718:727 entropic elasticity 709:727 entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces 709:846 They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. 25028877 8 30 from zones 1291:1295 arg1 fibrils 1260:1266 fibrils 1260:1266 fibrils away from the junction zones 1260:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 8 30 from zones 1291:1295 arg1 peeling 1249:1255 the hierarchical peeling 1232:1255 the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones 1232:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 9 31 theme marine 1479:1484 arg1 gels 1486:1489 marine gels 1479:1489 marine gels 1479:1489 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 1 32 theme Marine-gel 94:103 arg1 biopolymers 105:115 Marine-gel biopolymers 94:115 Marine-gel biopolymers 94:115 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 9 33 theme mechanical 1338:1347 arg1 responses 1349:1357 these diverse mechanical responses 1324:1357 these diverse mechanical responses 1324:1357 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 9 34 from role 1440:1443 arg1 architecture 1463:1474 the mechanical architecture 1448:1474 the mechanical architecture of marine gels 1448:1489 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 3 35 theme distinct 545:552 arg1 responses 565:573 distinct mechanical responses 545:573 distinct mechanical responses 545:573 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 8 36 theme network 1143:1149 arg1 structure 1151:1159 the complex 3D network structure 1128:1159 the complex 3D network structure 1128:1159 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 1 37 theme molecular 149:157 arg1 level 159:163 the molecular level 145:163 the molecular level 145:163 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 1 38 dep low 245:247 arg1 high 252:255 high 252:255 high 252:255 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 1 38 dep low 245:247 arg1 to 249:250 to 249:250 to 249:250 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 8 39 theme increasing 1195:1204 arg1 height 1206:1211 increasing height 1195:1211 increasing height 1195:1211 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 8 40 theme junction 1282:1289 arg1 zones 1291:1295 the junction zones 1278:1295 the junction zones 1278:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 2 41 theme marine-gel 383:392 arg1 network 394:400 the marine-gel network 379:400 the marine-gel network 379:400 In this work, we use force spectroscopy to quantify the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network. 25028877 3 42 theme force 413:417 arg1 measurements 419:430 force measurements 413:430 force measurements 413:430 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 6 43 theme cross-linking 879:891 arg1 degree 869:874 a low degree 863:874 a low degree of cross-linking 863:891 Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. 25028877 1 44 theme fine 211:214 arg1 networks 231:238 fine fibril-forming networks 211:238 fine fibril-forming networks 211:238 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 0 45 theme mechanical 56:65 arg1 signatures 67:76 distinct mechanical signatures 47:76 distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels 47:91 Self-assembly of polysaccharides gives rise to distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels. 25028877 6 46 theme entanglements 974:986 arg1 unraveling 945:954 the unraveling 941:954 the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements 941:986 Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. 25028877 0 47 from signatures 67:76 arg1 gels 88:91 marine gels 81:91 marine gels 81:91 Self-assembly of polysaccharides gives rise to distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels. 25028877 9 48 theme gels 1486:1489 arg1 architecture 1463:1474 the mechanical architecture 1448:1474 the mechanical architecture of marine gels 1448:1489 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 0 49 theme distinct 47:54 arg1 signatures 67:76 distinct mechanical signatures 47:76 distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels 47:91 Self-assembly of polysaccharides gives rise to distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels. 25028877 6 50 theme polysaccharide 959:972 arg1 entanglements 974:986 polysaccharide entanglements 959:986 polysaccharide entanglements 959:986 Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. 25028877 8 51 from peeling 1249:1255 arg1 zones 1291:1295 the junction zones 1278:1295 the junction zones 1278:1295 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 3 52 theme marine 484:489 arg1 gels 491:494 marine gels 484:494 marine gels 484:494 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 3 53 theme AFM 433:435 arg1 imaging 437:443 AFM imaging 433:443 AFM imaging 433:443 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 9 54 theme reconstituted 1373:1385 arg1 gels 1402:1405 reconstituted polysaccharide gels 1373:1405 reconstituted polysaccharide gels 1373:1405 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 6 55 theme low 865:867 arg1 degree 869:874 a low degree 863:874 a low degree of cross-linking 863:891 Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. 25028877 5 56 theme specific 794:801 arg1 transitions 782:792 chair-to-boat transitions 768:792 chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces 768:846 They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. 25028877 3 57 theme chemical 460:467 arg1 composition 469:479 the known chemical composition 450:479 the known chemical composition of marine gels 450:494 Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. 25028877 1 58 theme fibril-forming 216:229 arg1 networks 231:238 fine fibril-forming networks 211:238 fine fibril-forming networks 211:238 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25028877 7 59 theme force 1035:1039 arg1 plateaus 1041:1048 force plateaus 1035:1048 force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles 1035:1116 At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. 25028877 2 60 theme force 304:308 arg1 spectroscopy 310:321 force spectroscopy 304:321 force spectroscopy 304:321 In this work, we use force spectroscopy to quantify the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network. 25028877 8 61 theme 3D 1140:1141 arg1 structure 1151:1159 the complex 3D network structure 1128:1159 the complex 3D network structure 1128:1159 Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. 25028877 2 62 theme intermolecular 350:363 arg1 forces 365:370 the intra- and intermolecular forces 335:370 the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network 335:400 In this work, we use force spectroscopy to quantify the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network. 25028877 5 63 theme polysaccharide 818:831 arg1 type 810:813 the type 806:813 the type of polysaccharide at high forces 806:846 They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. 25028877 9 64 theme mechanical 1452:1461 arg1 architecture 1463:1474 the mechanical architecture 1448:1474 the mechanical architecture of marine gels 1448:1489 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 0 65 theme polysaccharides 17:31 arg1 Self-assembly 0:12 Self-assembly 0:12 Self-assembly of polysaccharides 0:31 Self-assembly of polysaccharides gives rise to distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels. 25028877 9 66 theme polysaccharide 1387:1400 arg1 gels 1402:1405 reconstituted polysaccharide gels 1373:1405 reconstituted polysaccharide gels 1373:1405 In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. 25028877 1 67 theme low 245:247 arg1 degrees 257:263 low to high degrees 245:263 low to high degrees of cross-linking 245:280 Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. 25853702 6 0 dep data 802:805 arg1 2 771:771 2 771:771 2 771:771 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 6 1 from XG 903:904 arg1 spread 881:886 bulk spread 876:886 bulk spread of moisture in XG 876:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 9 2 theme CNF-associated 1166:1179 arg1 segments 1192:1199 CNF-associated interphase segments 1166:1199 CNF-associated interphase segments of XG 1166:1205 At the same time, CNF-associated interphase segments of XG show slower NMR-dynamics than that in neat XG. 25853702 5 3 theme C 627:627 arg1 signal 629:634 the (13)C signal 619:634 the (13)C signal 619:634 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 0 4 from effects 15:21 arg1 water 38:42 water 38:42 water 38:42 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 4 from effects 15:21 arg1 polymer 26:32 polymer 26:32 polymer 26:32 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 4 from effects 15:21 arg1 biocomposites 66:78 cellulose biocomposites 56:78 cellulose biocomposites 56:78 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 7 5 with interaction 956:966 arg1 phases 987:992 the nanoscale phases 973:992 the nanoscale phases 973:992 The new method results in a description of water interaction with the nanoscale phases. 25853702 1 6 theme Improved 113:120 arg1 stability 131:139 Improved moisture stability 113:139 Improved moisture stability 113:139 Improved moisture stability is desired in cellulose biocomposites. 25853702 4 7 theme detailed 517:524 arg1 H 529:529 detailed (2)H 517:529 detailed (2)H 517:529 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 5 8 theme heavy 603:607 arg1 water 609:613 heavy water 603:613 heavy water 603:613 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 4 9 theme XG 469:470 arg1 composites 489:498 XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 469:498 XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 469:498 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 8 10 from interface 1043:1051 arg1 molecules 1019:1027 water molecules 1013:1027 water molecules at the CNF/XG interface 1013:1051 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 7 11 theme new 911:913 arg1 method 915:920 The new method 907:920 The new method 907:920 The new method results in a description of water interaction with the nanoscale phases. 25853702 0 12 dep h 84:84 arg1 relaxometry 100:110 relaxometry 100:110 relaxometry 100:110 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 12 dep h 84:84 arg1 2 82:82 2 82:82 2 82:82 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 3 13 theme hydration 442:450 arg1 states 452:457 different hydration states 432:457 different hydration states 432:457 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 7 14 theme nanoscale 977:985 arg1 phases 987:992 the nanoscale phases 973:992 the nanoscale phases 973:992 The new method results in a description of water interaction with the nanoscale phases. 25853702 3 15 from nanofibers 354:363 arg1 Nanocomposites 324:337 Nanocomposites 324:337 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 324:410 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 6 16 from spread 881:886 arg1 XG 903:904 XG 903:904 XG 903:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 6 16 from spread 881:886 arg1 clustering 833:842 water clustering 827:842 water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG 827:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 8 17 theme high 1122:1125 arg1 concentration 1133:1145 locally high water concentration 1114:1145 locally high water concentration 1114:1145 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 8 18 theme CNF/XG 1036:1041 arg1 interface 1043:1051 the CNF/XG interface 1032:1051 the CNF/XG interface 1032:1051 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 1 19 theme moisture 122:129 arg1 stability 131:139 Improved moisture stability 113:139 Improved moisture stability 113:139 Improved moisture stability is desired in cellulose biocomposites. 25853702 2 20 theme new 226:228 arg1 approach 230:237 a new approach 224:237 a new approach 224:237 In order to clarify nanostructural effects, a new approach is presented where water and polymer matrix mobilities are characterized separately. 25853702 3 21 theme biopolymer 394:403 arg1 matrix 405:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 5 22 dep signal 584:589 arg1 2 576:576 2 576:576 2 576:576 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 2 23 theme polymer 268:274 arg1 mobilities 283:292 polymer matrix mobilities 268:292 polymer matrix mobilities 268:292 In order to clarify nanostructural effects, a new approach is presented where water and polymer matrix mobilities are characterized separately. 25853702 6 24 theme bulk 876:879 arg1 spread 881:886 bulk spread 876:886 bulk spread of moisture in XG 876:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 0 25 theme Nanostructural 0:13 arg1 h 84:84 (2)h 81:84 (2)h 81:84 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 25 theme Nanostructural 0:13 arg1 effects 15:21 Nanostructural effects 0:21 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 0:111 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 25 theme Nanostructural 0:13 arg1 NMR 96:98 (13)c NMR 90:98 (13)c NMR 90:98 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 6 26 from consistent 811:820 arg1 components 758:767 the neat components 749:767 the neat components 749:767 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 5 27 theme molecular 662:670 arg1 water 672:676 molecular water and polymer dynamics 662:697 water 672:676 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 3 28 theme XG 390:391 arg1 matrix 405:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 3 29 theme cellulose 344:352 arg1 CNF 366:368 CNF 366:368 CNF 366:368 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 3 29 theme cellulose 344:352 arg1 nanofibers 354:363 cellulose nanofibers 344:363 cellulose nanofibers (CNF) 344:369 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 4 30 theme composites 489:498 arg1 Films 460:464 Films 460:464 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 460:498 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 5 31 theme NMR 580:582 arg1 signal 584:589 the (2)H NMR signal 571:589 the (2)H NMR signal 571:589 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 6 32 from surfaces 862:869 arg1 clustering 833:842 water clustering 827:842 water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG 827:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 4 33 theme C 539:539 arg1 studies 556:562 (13)C NMR relaxation studies 535:562 (13)C NMR relaxation studies 535:562 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 6 34 from moisture 891:898 arg1 XG 903:904 XG 903:904 XG 903:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 9 35 theme neat 1245:1248 arg1 XG 1250:1251 neat XG 1245:1251 neat XG 1245:1251 At the same time, CNF-associated interphase segments of XG show slower NMR-dynamics than that in neat XG. 25853702 6 36 theme moisture 891:898 arg1 spread 881:886 bulk spread 876:886 bulk spread of moisture in XG 876:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 1 37 theme cellulose 155:163 arg1 biocomposites 165:177 cellulose biocomposites 155:177 cellulose biocomposites 155:177 Improved moisture stability is desired in cellulose biocomposites. 25853702 6 38 theme relaxation 786:795 arg1 data 802:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 0 39 theme c 94:94 arg1 effects 15:21 Nanostructural effects 0:21 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 0:111 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 39 theme c 94:94 arg1 NMR 96:98 (13)c NMR 90:98 (13)c NMR 90:98 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 6 40 theme fibril 855:860 arg1 surfaces 862:869 the CNF fibril surfaces 847:869 the CNF fibril surfaces 847:869 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 4 41 theme relaxation 545:554 arg1 studies 556:562 (13)C NMR relaxation studies 535:562 (13)C NMR relaxation studies 535:562 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 3 42 theme xyloglucan 378:387 arg1 matrix 405:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 6 43 theme transverse 775:784 arg1 data 802:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 8 44 theme low 998:1000 arg1 hydration 1002:1010 low hydration 998:1010 low hydration 998:1010 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 3 45 from Nanocomposites 324:337 arg1 matrix 405:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix 374:410 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 7 46 theme water 950:954 arg1 interaction 956:966 water interaction 950:966 water interaction with the nanoscale phases 950:992 The new method results in a description of water interaction with the nanoscale phases. 25853702 4 47 theme NMR 541:543 arg1 studies 556:562 (13)C NMR relaxation studies 535:562 (13)C NMR relaxation studies 535:562 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 8 48 theme water 1013:1017 arg1 molecules 1019:1027 water molecules 1013:1027 water molecules at the CNF/XG interface 1013:1051 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 4 49 theme CNF 473:475 arg1 composites 489:498 XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 469:498 XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 469:498 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 6 50 theme CNF 851:853 arg1 surfaces 862:869 the CNF fibril surfaces 847:869 the CNF fibril surfaces 847:869 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 6 51 theme T2 798:799 arg1 data 802:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 8 52 theme water 1127:1131 arg1 concentration 1133:1145 locally high water concentration 1114:1145 locally high water concentration 1114:1145 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 6 53 theme neat 753:756 arg1 components 758:767 the neat components 749:767 the neat components 749:767 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 4 54 theme CNF/XG 482:487 arg1 composites 489:498 XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 469:498 XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites 469:498 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 9 55 theme same 1155:1158 arg1 time 1160:1163 the same time 1151:1163 the same time 1151:1163 At the same time, CNF-associated interphase segments of XG show slower NMR-dynamics than that in neat XG. 25853702 9 56 theme XG 1204:1205 arg1 segments 1192:1199 CNF-associated interphase segments 1166:1199 CNF-associated interphase segments of XG 1166:1205 At the same time, CNF-associated interphase segments of XG show slower NMR-dynamics than that in neat XG. 25853702 6 57 with consistent 811:820 arg1 clustering 833:842 water clustering 827:842 water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG 827:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 8 58 theme water 1068:1072 arg1 mobility 1074:1081 higher water mobility 1061:1081 higher water mobility 1061:1081 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 0 59 dep polymer 26:32 arg1 dynamics 44:51 dynamics 44:51 dynamics 44:51 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 3 60 theme different 432:440 arg1 states 452:457 different hydration states 432:457 different hydration states 432:457 Nanocomposites from cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in the xyloglucan (XG) biopolymer matrix are investigated at different hydration states. 25853702 8 61 theme higher 1061:1066 arg1 mobility 1074:1081 higher water mobility 1061:1081 higher water mobility 1061:1081 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 5 62 theme H 578:578 arg1 signal 584:589 the (2)H NMR signal 571:589 the (2)H NMR signal 571:589 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 9 63 theme interphase 1181:1190 arg1 segments 1192:1199 CNF-associated interphase segments 1166:1199 CNF-associated interphase segments of XG 1166:1205 At the same time, CNF-associated interphase segments of XG show slower NMR-dynamics than that in neat XG. 25853702 2 64 theme matrix 276:281 arg1 mobilities 283:292 polymer matrix mobilities 268:292 polymer matrix mobilities 268:292 In order to clarify nanostructural effects, a new approach is presented where water and polymer matrix mobilities are characterized separately. 25853702 8 65 theme neat 1091:1094 arg1 CNF 1096:1098 neat CNF 1091:1098 neat CNF 1091:1098 At low hydration, water molecules at the CNF/XG interface exhibit higher water mobility than in neat CNF or XG, due to locally high water concentration. 25853702 6 66 from components 758:767 arg1 consistent 811:820 consistent 811:820 consistent 811:820 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 4 67 dep H 529:529 arg1 2 527:527 2 527:527 2 527:527 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 0 68 dep effects 15:21 arg1 h 84:84 (2)h 81:84 (2)h 81:84 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 68 dep effects 15:21 arg1 effects 15:21 Nanostructural effects 0:21 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 0:111 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 0 68 dep effects 15:21 arg1 NMR 96:98 (13)c NMR 90:98 (13)c NMR 90:98 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 5 69 theme polymer 682:688 arg1 dynamics 690:697 molecular water and polymer dynamics 662:697 dynamics 690:697 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 5 70 theme first 710:714 arg1 time 716:719 the first time 706:719 the first time investigated separately 706:743 Since the (2)H NMR signal arises from heavy water and the (13)C signal from the polysaccharides, molecular water and polymer dynamics is for the first time investigated separately. 25853702 4 71 theme 13 536:537 arg1 C 539:539 C 539:539 C 539:539 Films of XG, CNF, and CNF/XG composites are subjected to detailed (2)H and (13)C NMR relaxation studies. 25853702 0 72 theme cellulose 56:64 arg1 biocomposites 66:78 cellulose biocomposites 56:78 cellulose biocomposites 56:78 Nanostructural effects on polymer and water dynamics in cellulose biocomposites: (2)h and (13)c NMR relaxometry. 25853702 9 73 theme slower 1212:1217 arg1 NMR-dynamics 1219:1230 slower NMR-dynamics 1212:1230 slower NMR-dynamics 1212:1230 At the same time, CNF-associated interphase segments of XG show slower NMR-dynamics than that in neat XG. 25853702 2 74 theme nanostructural 200:213 arg1 effects 215:221 nanostructural effects 200:221 nanostructural effects 200:221 In order to clarify nanostructural effects, a new approach is presented where water and polymer matrix mobilities are characterized separately. 25853702 7 75 theme interaction 956:966 arg1 description 935:945 a description 933:945 a description of water interaction with the nanoscale phases 933:992 The new method results in a description of water interaction with the nanoscale phases. 25853702 6 76 theme H 773:773 arg1 data 802:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data 770:805 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 25853702 6 77 theme water 827:831 arg1 clustering 833:842 water clustering 827:842 water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG 827:904 In the neat components, (2)H transverse relaxation (T2) data are consistent with water clustering at the CNF fibril surfaces, but bulk spread of moisture in XG. 28363541 0 0 theme alkali 86:91 arg1 polysaccharide 101:114 alkali soluble polysaccharide 86:114 alkali soluble polysaccharide 86:114 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 1 1 theme various 237:243 arg1 ailments 245:252 various ailments 237:252 various ailments 237:252 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 7 2 theme constituent 1095:1105 arg1 monosaccharides 1107:1121 constituent monosaccharides 1095:1121 constituent monosaccharides of ASP 1095:1128 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 3 3 attach presence 446:453 arg2 l-arabinose 470:480 l-arabinose 470:480 l-arabinose 470:480 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 3 attach presence 446:453 arg1 percent 527:533 mole percent 522:533 mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 522:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 3 attach presence 446:453 arg2 d-glucose 509:517 d-glucose 509:517 d-glucose 509:517 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 3 attach presence 446:453 arg2 d-xylose 483:490 d-xylose 483:490 d-xylose 483:490 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 3 attach presence 446:453 arg2 d-galactose 493:503 d-galactose 493:503 d-galactose 493:503 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 3 attach presence 446:453 arg2 l-rhamnose 458:467 l-rhamnose 458:467 l-rhamnose 458:467 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 4 theme d-xylose 483:490 arg1 presence 446:453 the presence 442:453 the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 442:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 0 5 theme polysaccharide 101:114 arg1 approaches 41:50 diverse approaches 33:50 diverse approaches 33:50 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 0 5 theme polysaccharide 101:114 arg1 composition 71:81 monosaccharide composition 56:81 monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn 56:138 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 2 6 from stems 307:311 arg1 ASP 286:288 ASP 286:288 ASP 286:288 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 2 6 from stems 307:311 arg1 polysaccharide 270:283 Alkali soluble polysaccharide 255:283 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems 255:311 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 6 7 contain having 967:972 arg2 interferences 974:986 interferences 974:986 interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 974:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 6 7 contain having 967:972 arg1 polysaccharide 952:965 polysaccharide 952:965 polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 952:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 0 8 theme soluble 93:99 arg1 polysaccharide 101:114 alkali soluble polysaccharide 86:114 alkali soluble polysaccharide 86:114 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 3 9 theme mole 522:525 arg1 percent 527:533 mole percent 522:533 mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 522:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 6 10 theme acid 933:936 arg1 estimation 938:947 uronic acid estimation 926:947 uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 926:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 7 11 theme acids 1165:1169 arg1 composition 1080:1090 composition 1080:1090 composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP 1080:1128 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 7 11 theme acids 1165:1169 arg1 analysis 1146:1153 co-relation analysis 1134:1153 co-relation analysis of uronic acids 1134:1169 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 6 12 from estimation 938:947 arg1 polysaccharide 952:965 polysaccharide 952:965 polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 952:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 6 13 theme xylose 1019:1024 arg1 sugars 1001:1006 neutral sugars 993:1006 neutral sugars especially xylose 993:1024 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 6 13 theme xylose 1019:1024 arg1 galactose 1039:1047 galactose 1039:1047 galactose 1039:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 6 13 theme xylose 1019:1024 arg1 glucose 1027:1033 glucose 1027:1033 glucose 1027:1033 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 5 14 theme acids 808:812 arg1 Estimation 787:796 Estimation 787:796 Estimation of uronic acids using DMP 787:822 Estimation of uronic acids using DMP corroborated the results of GLC analysis. 28363541 7 15 theme ASP 1126:1128 arg1 monosaccharides 1107:1121 constituent monosaccharides 1095:1121 constituent monosaccharides of ASP 1095:1128 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 2 16 theme soluble 262:268 arg1 ASP 286:288 ASP 286:288 ASP 286:288 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 2 16 theme soluble 262:268 arg1 polysaccharide 270:283 Alkali soluble polysaccharide 255:283 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems 255:311 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 3 17 theme GLC 419:421 arg1 analysis 423:430 GLC analysis 419:430 GLC analysis 419:430 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 18 theme Complete 355:362 arg1 hydrolysis 364:373 Complete hydrolysis 355:373 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis 355:430 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 19 theme d-galactose 493:503 arg1 presence 446:453 the presence 442:453 the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 442:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 6 20 from sugars 1001:1006 arg1 interferences 974:986 interferences 974:986 interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 974:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 2 21 theme negundo 299:305 arg1 stems 307:311 V. negundo stems 296:311 V. negundo stems 296:311 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 3 22 theme paper 394:398 arg1 chromatography 400:413 paper chromatography 394:413 paper chromatography 394:413 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 7 23 theme uronic 1158:1163 arg1 acids 1165:1169 uronic acids 1158:1169 uronic acids 1158:1169 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 6 24 theme uronic 926:931 arg1 estimation 938:947 uronic acid estimation 926:947 uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 926:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 2 25 theme V. 296:297 arg1 stems 307:311 V. negundo stems 296:311 V. negundo stems 296:311 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 8 26 theme polysaccharide 1233:1246 arg1 moiety 1219:1224 the structural moiety 1204:1224 the structural moiety of the polysaccharide responsible for its bio-efficacy 1204:1279 The results may divulge the structural moiety of the polysaccharide responsible for its bio-efficacy. 28363541 1 27 theme important 177:185 arg1 species 187:193 the most important species 168:193 the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments 168:252 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 0 28 theme acids 21:25 arg1 Estimation 0:9 Estimation 0:9 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 0:139 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 1 29 theme species 187:193 arg1 species 187:193 the most important species 168:193 the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments 168:252 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 1 29 theme species 187:193 arg1 one 161:163 one 161:163 one 161:163 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 0 30 theme uronic 14:19 arg1 acids 21:25 uronic acids 14:25 uronic acids 14:25 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 6 31 theme methods 914:920 arg1 utility 890:896 the utility 886:896 the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose 886:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 3 32 theme d-galacturonic 584:597 arg1 acid 599:602 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid 538:602 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid 538:602 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 5 33 theme GLC 852:854 arg1 analysis 856:863 GLC analysis 852:863 GLC analysis 852:863 Estimation of uronic acids using DMP corroborated the results of GLC analysis. 28363541 7 34 dep composition 1080:1090 arg1 content 1171:1177 content 1171:1177 content 1171:1177 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 4 35 theme Uronic 632:637 arg1 acids 639:643 Uronic acids 632:643 Uronic acids 632:643 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 0 36 theme diverse 33:39 arg1 approaches 41:50 diverse approaches 33:50 diverse approaches 33:50 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 6 37 theme colorimetric 901:912 arg1 methods 914:920 colorimetric methods 901:920 colorimetric methods 901:920 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 3 38 theme acid 599:602 arg1 percent 527:533 mole percent 522:533 mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 522:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 1 39 theme traditional 198:208 arg1 system 210:215 traditional system 198:215 traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments 198:252 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 7 40 theme co-relation 1134:1144 arg1 analysis 1146:1153 co-relation analysis 1134:1153 co-relation analysis of uronic acids 1134:1169 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 5 41 theme uronic 801:806 arg1 acids 808:812 uronic acids 801:812 uronic acids using DMP 801:822 Estimation of uronic acids using DMP corroborated the results of GLC analysis. 28363541 7 42 theme monosaccharides 1107:1121 arg1 composition 1080:1090 composition 1080:1090 composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP 1080:1128 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 7 42 theme monosaccharides 1107:1121 arg1 analysis 1146:1153 co-relation analysis 1134:1153 co-relation analysis of uronic acids 1134:1169 The analysis also resulted in composition of constituent monosaccharides of ASP and co-relation analysis of uronic acids content. 28363541 5 43 theme analysis 856:863 arg1 results 841:847 the results 837:847 the results of GLC analysis 837:863 Estimation of uronic acids using DMP corroborated the results of GLC analysis. 28363541 3 44 theme ASP 378:380 arg1 hydrolysis 364:373 Complete hydrolysis 355:373 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis 355:430 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 45 theme d-glucuronic 613:624 arg1 acid 626:629 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 608:629 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 608:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 4 46 theme colorimetric 764:775 arg1 carbazole 701:709 carbazole 701:709 carbazole 701:709 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 4 46 theme colorimetric 764:775 arg1 3 734:734 3 734:734 3 734:734 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 4 46 theme colorimetric 764:775 arg1 m-hydroxydiphenyl 712:728 m-hydroxydiphenyl 712:728 m-hydroxydiphenyl 712:728 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 4 46 theme colorimetric 764:775 arg1 reagents 777:784 colorimetric reagents 764:784 colorimetric reagents 764:784 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 1 47 from species 187:193 arg1 system 210:215 traditional system 198:215 traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments 198:252 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 3 48 theme l-arabinose 470:480 arg1 presence 446:453 the presence 442:453 the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 442:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 3 49 theme acid 626:629 arg1 percent 527:533 mole percent 522:533 mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 522:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 2 50 theme Alkali 255:260 arg1 ASP 286:288 ASP 286:288 ASP 286:288 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 2 50 theme Alkali 255:260 arg1 polysaccharide 270:283 Alkali soluble polysaccharide 255:283 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems 255:311 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 3 51 from presence 446:453 arg1 percent 527:533 mole percent 522:533 mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 522:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 4 52 theme spectrophotometric 668:685 arg1 methods 687:693 spectrophotometric methods 668:693 spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents 668:784 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 6 53 theme neutral 993:999 arg1 sugars 1001:1006 neutral sugars 993:1006 neutral sugars especially xylose 993:1024 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 6 53 theme neutral 993:999 arg1 galactose 1039:1047 galactose 1039:1047 galactose 1039:1047 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 6 53 theme neutral 993:999 arg1 glucose 1027:1033 glucose 1027:1033 glucose 1027:1033 The study evaluated the utility of colorimetric methods for uronic acid estimation in polysaccharide having interferences from neutral sugars especially xylose, glucose and galactose. 28363541 3 54 theme d-glucose 509:517 arg1 presence 446:453 the presence 442:453 the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 442:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 4 55 theme 5-dimethyl 737:746 arg1 carbazole 701:709 carbazole 701:709 carbazole 701:709 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 4 55 theme 5-dimethyl 737:746 arg1 DMP 756:758 DMP 756:758 DMP 756:758 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 4 55 theme 5-dimethyl 737:746 arg1 phenol 748:753 5-dimethyl phenol 737:753 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) 737:759 Uronic acids were also estimated by spectrophotometric methods using carbazole, m-hydroxydiphenyl and 3, 5-dimethyl phenol (DMP) as colorimetric reagents. 28363541 3 56 theme l-rhamnose 458:467 arg1 presence 446:453 the presence 442:453 the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 442:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 1 57 theme medicine 220:227 arg1 system 210:215 traditional system 198:215 traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments 198:252 Vitex negundo L. is one of the most important species in traditional system of medicine to cure various ailments. 28363541 3 58 theme 4.27 608:611 arg1 acid 626:629 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 608:629 4.27 d-glucuronic acid 608:629 Complete hydrolysis of ASP followed by paper chromatography and GLC analysis indicated the presence of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose and d-glucose in mole percent of 1.28, 2.25, 73.49, 8.08, 8.11 along with 2.48 d-galacturonic acid and 4.27 d-glucuronic acid. 28363541 8 59 theme responsible 1248:1258 arg1 moiety 1219:1224 the structural moiety 1204:1224 the structural moiety of the polysaccharide responsible for its bio-efficacy 1204:1279 The results may divulge the structural moiety of the polysaccharide responsible for its bio-efficacy. 28363541 2 60 theme % 346:346 arg1 yield 348:352 0.61% yield 342:352 0.61% yield 342:352 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28363541 8 61 theme structural 1208:1217 arg1 moiety 1219:1224 the structural moiety 1204:1224 the structural moiety of the polysaccharide responsible for its bio-efficacy 1204:1279 The results may divulge the structural moiety of the polysaccharide responsible for its bio-efficacy. 28363541 0 62 from Linn 135:138 arg1 approaches 41:50 diverse approaches 33:50 diverse approaches 33:50 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 0 62 from Linn 135:138 arg1 composition 71:81 monosaccharide composition 56:81 monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn 56:138 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 0 63 theme monosaccharide 56:69 arg1 composition 71:81 monosaccharide composition 56:81 monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn 56:138 Estimation of uronic acids using diverse approaches and monosaccharide composition of alkali soluble polysaccharide from Vitex negundo Linn. 28363541 2 64 theme 0.61 342:345 arg1 % 346:346 % 346:346 % 346:346 Alkali soluble polysaccharide (ASP) from V. negundo stems was isolated and purified in 0.61% yield. 28731703 2 0 theme glycyrrhizin 518:529 arg1 compositions 398:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions 368:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin 368:529 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 6 1 from effect 943:948 arg1 efficacy 1009:1016 the penetration efficacy 993:1016 the penetration efficacy of plant protection products 993:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 6 2 theme products 1038:1045 arg1 efficacy 1009:1016 the penetration efficacy 993:1016 the penetration efficacy of plant protection products 993:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 0 3 theme Protection 71:80 arg1 Compounds 82:90 Plant Protection Compounds 65:90 Plant Protection Compounds 65:90 Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. 28731703 2 4 with glycyrrhizin 518:529 arg1 arabinogalactan 458:472 arabinogalactan 458:472 arabinogalactan 458:472 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 6 5 theme DSs 1128:1130 arg1 enhancement 1096:1106 the detected solubility enhancement 1072:1106 the detected solubility enhancement 1072:1106 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 6 5 theme DSs 1128:1130 arg1 affinity 1116:1123 the affinity 1112:1123 the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes 1112:1163 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 6 6 theme protection 1027:1036 arg1 products 1038:1045 plant protection products 1021:1045 plant protection products 1021:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 5 7 from influence 795:803 arg1 membranes 865:873 artificial lipid membranes 848:873 artificial lipid membranes 848:873 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 6 8 theme plant 1021:1025 arg1 products 1038:1045 plant protection products 1021:1045 plant protection products 1021:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 3 9 from effect 543:548 arg1 solubility 564:573 the solubility 560:573 the solubility 560:573 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 4 10 theme NA 744:745 arg1 solubility 730:739 the solubility 726:739 the solubility of NA 726:745 All DSs considerably enhance the solubility of NA and improve its penetration into the grain. 28731703 1 11 theme delivery 286:293 arg1 DSs 304:306 DSs 304:306 DSs 304:306 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 1 11 theme delivery 286:293 arg1 systems 295:301 delivery systems 286:301 delivery systems (DSs) 286:307 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 2 12 with anhydride 438:446 arg1 arabinogalactan 458:472 arabinogalactan 458:472 arabinogalactan 458:472 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 6 13 theme solubility 1085:1094 arg1 enhancement 1096:1106 the detected solubility enhancement 1072:1106 the detected solubility enhancement 1072:1106 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 3 14 theme DSs 553:555 arg1 penetration 583:593 the penetration 579:593 the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat 579:634 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 3 14 theme DSs 553:555 arg1 effect 543:548 The effect 539:548 The effect of DSs on the solubility 539:573 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 5 15 theme NMR 894:896 arg1 method 909:914 the NMR relaxation method 890:914 the NMR relaxation method 890:914 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 2 16 theme 1,8-naphthalic 423:436 arg1 NA 449:450 NA 449:450 NA 449:450 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 2 16 theme 1,8-naphthalic 423:436 arg1 anhydride 438:446 antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride 414:446 antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan 414:472 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 0 17 theme Delivery 44:51 arg1 Systems 53:59 Novel Delivery Systems 38:59 Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds 38:90 Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. 28731703 6 18 theme cell 1150:1153 arg1 membranes 1155:1163 cell membranes 1150:1163 cell membranes 1150:1163 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 5 19 theme oligosaccharides 828:843 arg1 influence 795:803 The influence 791:803 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes 791:873 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 2 20 theme antidote 414:421 arg1 NA 449:450 NA 449:450 NA 449:450 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 2 20 theme antidote 414:421 arg1 anhydride 438:446 antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride 414:446 antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan 414:472 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 2 21 theme sodium 475:480 arg1 salt 482:485 sodium salt 475:485 sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose 475:511 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 1 22 theme new 173:175 arg1 approach 177:184 a new approach 171:184 a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs) 171:307 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 0 23 theme Natural 0:6 arg1 Poly- 8:12 Natural Poly- 0:12 Natural Poly- 0:12 Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. 28731703 2 24 theme mechanochemical 314:328 arg1 technique 330:338 The mechanochemical technique 310:338 The mechanochemical technique 310:338 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 5 25 theme relaxation 898:907 arg1 method 909:914 the NMR relaxation method 890:914 the NMR relaxation method 890:914 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 6 26 theme penetration 997:1007 arg1 efficacy 1009:1016 the penetration efficacy 993:1016 the penetration efficacy of plant protection products 993:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 5 27 theme lipid 859:863 arg1 membranes 865:873 artificial lipid membranes 848:873 artificial lipid membranes 848:873 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 5 28 theme artificial 848:857 arg1 membranes 865:873 artificial lipid membranes 848:873 artificial lipid membranes 848:873 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 1 29 with association 207:217 arg1 oligosaccharides 266:281 oligosaccharides 266:281 oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs) 266:307 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 1 29 with association 207:217 arg1 polysaccharides 246:260 natural water-soluble polysaccharides 224:260 natural water-soluble polysaccharides 224:260 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 2 30 theme nanodispersed 384:396 arg1 compositions 398:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions 368:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin 368:529 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 0 31 theme Novel 38:42 arg1 Systems 53:59 Novel Delivery Systems 38:59 Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds 38:90 Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. 28731703 6 32 theme detected 1076:1083 arg1 enhancement 1096:1106 the detected solubility enhancement 1072:1106 the detected solubility enhancement 1072:1106 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 1 33 theme noncovalent 195:205 arg1 association 207:217 noncovalent association 195:217 noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs) 195:307 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 2 34 theme carboxymethylcellulose 490:511 arg1 NA 449:450 NA 449:450 NA 449:450 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 2 34 theme carboxymethylcellulose 490:511 arg1 salt 482:485 sodium salt 475:485 sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose 475:511 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 2 34 theme carboxymethylcellulose 490:511 arg1 glycyrrhizin 518:529 glycyrrhizin 518:529 glycyrrhizin 518:529 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 2 34 theme carboxymethylcellulose 490:511 arg1 anhydride 438:446 antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride 414:446 antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan 414:472 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 6 35 theme oligosaccharides 973:988 arg1 effect 943:948 the effect 939:948 the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products 939:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 2 36 theme anhydride 438:446 arg1 compositions 398:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions 368:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin 368:529 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 5 37 theme polysaccharides 808:822 arg1 influence 795:803 The influence 791:803 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes 791:873 The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. 28731703 3 38 theme NA 598:599 arg1 penetration 583:593 the penetration 579:593 the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat 579:634 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 3 38 theme NA 598:599 arg1 effect 543:548 The effect 539:548 The effect of DSs on the solubility 539:573 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 2 39 theme salt 482:485 arg1 compositions 398:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions 368:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin 368:529 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 6 40 theme polysaccharides 953:967 arg1 effect 943:948 the effect 939:948 the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products 939:1045 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 6 41 theme membranes 1155:1163 arg1 surface 1139:1145 the surface 1135:1145 the surface of cell membranes 1135:1163 It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes. 28731703 1 42 theme plant 128:132 arg1 products 145:152 plant protection products 128:152 plant protection products 128:152 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 3 43 theme various 661:667 arg1 techniques 685:694 various physicochemical techniques 661:694 various physicochemical techniques 661:694 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 3 44 theme wheat 630:634 arg1 seeds 610:614 the seeds 606:614 the seeds of barley and wheat 606:634 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 1 45 theme protection 134:143 arg1 products 145:152 plant protection products 128:152 plant protection products 128:152 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 3 46 from penetration 583:593 arg1 solubility 564:573 the solubility 560:573 the solubility 560:573 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 1 47 theme natural 224:230 arg1 polysaccharides 246:260 natural water-soluble polysaccharides 224:260 natural water-soluble polysaccharides 224:260 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 0 48 theme Plant 65:69 arg1 Compounds 82:90 Plant Protection Compounds 65:90 Plant Protection Compounds 65:90 Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. 28731703 3 49 theme physicochemical 669:683 arg1 techniques 685:694 various physicochemical techniques 661:694 various physicochemical techniques 661:694 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 0 50 dep Poly- 8:12 arg1 Systems 53:59 Novel Delivery Systems 38:59 Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds 38:90 Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds. 28731703 2 51 with salt 482:485 arg1 arabinogalactan 458:472 arabinogalactan 458:472 arabinogalactan 458:472 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 28731703 1 52 theme products 145:152 arg1 bioavailability 109:123 the bioavailability 105:123 the bioavailability of plant protection products 105:152 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 1 53 theme water-soluble 232:244 arg1 polysaccharides 246:260 natural water-soluble polysaccharides 224:260 natural water-soluble polysaccharides 224:260 To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). 28731703 3 54 theme barley 619:624 arg1 seeds 610:614 the seeds 606:614 the seeds of barley and wheat 606:634 The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. 28731703 2 55 theme solid-state 372:382 arg1 compositions 398:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions 368:409 the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin 368:529 The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. 26794747 0 0 theme potent 64:69 arg1 component 79:87 A potent dietary component 62:87 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 8 1 theme low 1129:1131 arg1 weight 1143:1148 The low molecular weight 1125:1148 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) 1125:1178 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 8 2 dep MTrPP 1153:1157 arg1 155kDa 1160:1165 155kDa 1160:1165 155kDa; TrPP-13kDa 1160:1177 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 2 3 contain possessed 337:345 arg2 property 385:392 significantly better ulcer-preventive property 347:392 significantly better ulcer-preventive property 347:392 Data indicated that MTrPP possessed significantly better ulcer-preventive property than TrPP; inhibiting ulcer scores up to 85%. 26794747 2 3 contain possessed 337:345 arg1 MTrPP 331:335 MTrPP 331:335 MTrPP 331:335 Data indicated that MTrPP possessed significantly better ulcer-preventive property than TrPP; inhibiting ulcer scores up to 85%. 26794747 5 4 theme % 861:861 arg1 % 873:873 52.9%; TrPP-21.7% 857:873 52.9%; TrPP-21.7% 857:873 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 5 4 theme % 861:861 arg1 galactose 846:854 galactose 846:854 galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%) 846:874 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 2 5 dep 85 435:436 arg1 to 432:433 to 432:433 to 432:433 Data indicated that MTrPP possessed significantly better ulcer-preventive property than TrPP; inhibiting ulcer scores up to 85%. 26794747 6 6 theme homogalacturonan 948:963 arg1 presence 936:943 the presence 932:943 the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans 932:1009 Results were substantiated by NMR/FTIR data indicating the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans. 26794747 4 7 theme chain 768:772 arg1 ratios 774:779 side chain ratios 763:779 side chain ratios 763:779 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 0 8 theme dietary 71:77 arg1 component 79:87 A potent dietary component 62:87 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 4 9 theme sugar 740:744 arg1 compositions 746:757 different sugar compositions 730:757 different sugar compositions 730:757 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 3 10 theme K 502:502 arg1 -ATPase 506:512 K(+)-ATPase 502:512 K(+)-ATPase down-regulation 502:528 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 0 11 theme gastric 97:103 arg1 ulcer 105:109 gastric ulcer 97:109 gastric ulcer 97:109 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 1 12 dep in 295:296 arg1 vivo 298:301 vivo 298:301 vivo 298:301 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 1 13 from potentials 268:277 arg1 models 303:308 in vitro and in vivo models 282:308 in vitro and in vivo models 282:308 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 8 14 theme higher 1247:1252 arg1 potential 1264:1272 higher antiulcer potential 1247:1272 higher antiulcer potential 1247:1272 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 4 15 theme side 763:766 arg1 ratios 774:779 side chain ratios 763:779 side chain ratios 763:779 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 7 16 dep binding 1025:1031 arg1 virtue 1015:1020 virtue 1015:1020 virtue 1015:1020 By virtue of binding to inflammatory marker (galectin-3), galactans may reduce inflammation induced ulcerations. 26794747 1 17 dep in 282:283 arg1 vitro 285:289 vitro 285:289 vitro 285:289 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 1 18 theme modified 138:145 arg1 forms 177:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms 112:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric 112:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 0 19 theme pectic 9:14 arg1 polysaccharide 16:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide 0:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 0 19 theme pectic 9:14 arg1 longa 54:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 0 20 from turmeric 36:43 arg1 polysaccharide 16:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide 0:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 0 20 from turmeric 36:43 arg1 longa 54:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 4 21 theme Structural 619:628 arg1 data 630:633 Structural data 619:633 Structural data 619:633 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 8 22 contain possess 1239:1245 arg1 MTrPP 1229:1233 MTrPP 1229:1233 MTrPP 1229:1233 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 8 22 contain possess 1239:1245 arg2 potential 1264:1272 higher antiulcer potential 1247:1272 higher antiulcer potential 1247:1272 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 2 23 theme better 361:366 arg1 property 385:392 significantly better ulcer-preventive property 347:392 significantly better ulcer-preventive property 347:392 Data indicated that MTrPP possessed significantly better ulcer-preventive property than TrPP; inhibiting ulcer scores up to 85%. 26794747 0 24 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 polysaccharide 16:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide 0:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 0 24 theme Modified 0:7 arg1 longa 54:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 3 25 theme -ATPase 506:512 arg1 down-regulation 514:528 K(+)-ATPase down-regulation 502:528 K(+)-ATPase down-regulation 502:528 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 25 theme -ATPase 506:512 arg1 muco-protection 480:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 5 26 from galactose 846:854 arg1 rich 792:795 rich 792:795 rich 792:795 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 1 27 theme ulcer-preventive 251:266 arg1 potentials 268:277 ulcer-preventive potentials 251:277 ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models 251:308 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 7 28 theme marker 1049:1054 arg1 galectin-3 1057:1066 inflammatory marker (galectin-3) 1036:1067 inflammatory marker (galectin-3) 1036:1067 By virtue of binding to inflammatory marker (galectin-3), galactans may reduce inflammation induced ulcerations. 26794747 1 29 dep intact 120:125 arg1 TrPP 128:131 TrPP 128:131 TrPP 128:131 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 2 30 theme inhibiting 405:414 arg1 ulcer 416:420 inhibiting ulcer 405:420 inhibiting ulcer 405:420 Data indicated that MTrPP possessed significantly better ulcer-preventive property than TrPP; inhibiting ulcer scores up to 85%. 26794747 4 31 theme structural 698:707 arg1 characteristics 709:723 structural characteristics 698:723 structural characteristics 698:723 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 5 32 dep acid 813:816 arg1 687mg/g 819:825 687mg/g 819:825 687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g 819:839 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 6 33 theme NMR/FTIR 907:914 arg1 data 916:919 NMR/FTIR data 907:919 NMR/FTIR data indicating the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans 907:1009 Results were substantiated by NMR/FTIR data indicating the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans. 26794747 1 34 theme in 282:283 arg1 models 303:308 in vitro and in vivo models 282:308 in vitro and in vivo models 282:308 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 7 35 theme inflammatory 1036:1047 arg1 galectin-3 1057:1066 inflammatory marker (galectin-3) 1036:1067 inflammatory marker (galectin-3) 1036:1067 By virtue of binding to inflammatory marker (galectin-3), galactans may reduce inflammation induced ulcerations. 26794747 3 36 theme higher 573:578 arg1 mechanisms 607:616 higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms 573:616 higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms 573:616 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 36 theme higher 573:578 arg1 muco-protection 480:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 8 37 theme antiulcer 1254:1262 arg1 potential 1264:1272 higher antiulcer potential 1247:1272 higher antiulcer potential 1247:1272 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 3 38 theme antioxidant/cytoprotective 580:605 arg1 mechanisms 607:616 higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms 573:616 higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms 573:616 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 38 theme antioxidant/cytoprotective 580:605 arg1 muco-protection 480:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 1 39 attach isolated 209:216 arg1 turmeric 223:230 turmeric 223:230 turmeric 223:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 1 39 attach isolated 209:216 arg2 polysaccharides 193:207 pectic polysaccharides 186:207 pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric 186:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 4 40 theme molecular 676:684 arg1 weights 686:692 their molecular weights 670:692 their molecular weights 670:692 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 0 41 theme Curcuma 46:52 arg1 polysaccharide 16:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide 0:29 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 0 41 theme Curcuma 46:52 arg1 longa 54:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Curcuma longa 46:58 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 1 42 dep modified 138:145 arg1 MTrPP 170:174 MTrPP 170:174 MTrPP 170:174 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 1 42 dep modified 138:145 arg1 low-molecular-weight 148:167 low-molecular-weight 148:167 low-molecular-weight 148:167 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 5 43 from acid 813:816 arg1 rich 792:795 rich 792:795 rich 792:795 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 3 44 theme effective 470:478 arg1 inhibition 531:540 inhibition 531:540 inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence 531:570 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 44 theme effective 470:478 arg1 mechanisms 607:616 higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms 573:616 higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms 573:616 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 44 theme effective 470:478 arg1 down-regulation 514:528 K(+)-ATPase down-regulation 502:528 K(+)-ATPase down-regulation 502:528 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 44 theme effective 470:478 arg1 H 497:497 H(+) 497:500 H 497:497 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 44 theme effective 470:478 arg1 muco-protection 480:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 1 45 theme in 295:296 arg1 models 303:308 in vitro and in vivo models 282:308 in vitro and in vivo models 282:308 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 8 46 dep 155kDa 1160:1165 arg1 TrPP-13kDa 1168:1177 TrPP-13kDa 1168:1177 155kDa; TrPP-13kDa 1160:1177 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 8 47 theme molecular 1133:1141 arg1 weight 1143:1148 The low molecular weight 1125:1148 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) 1125:1178 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 5 48 dep 687mg/g 819:825 arg1 TrPP-544mg/g 828:839 TrPP-544mg/g 828:839 687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g 819:839 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 1 49 theme Native 112:117 arg1 forms 177:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms 112:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric 112:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 4 50 theme different 730:738 arg1 compositions 746:757 different sugar compositions 730:757 different sugar compositions 730:757 Structural data indicated TrPP and MTrPP differ in their molecular weights and structural characteristics with different sugar compositions and side chain ratios. 26794747 8 51 theme MTrPP 1153:1157 arg1 weight 1143:1148 The low molecular weight 1125:1148 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) 1125:1178 The low molecular weight of MTrPP (155kDa; TrPP-13kDa) may increase its bioavailability than TrPP, thus MTrPP may possess higher antiulcer potential. 26794747 0 52 dep polysaccharide 16:29 arg1 component 79:87 A potent dietary component 62:87 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 0:110 Modified pectic polysaccharide from turmeric (Curcuma longa): A potent dietary component against gastric ulcer. 26794747 6 53 contain containing 990:999 arg1 homogalacturonan 948:963 homogalacturonan 948:963 homogalacturonan 948:963 Results were substantiated by NMR/FTIR data indicating the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans. 26794747 6 53 contain containing 990:999 arg2 galactans 1001:1009 galactans 1001:1009 galactans 1001:1009 Results were substantiated by NMR/FTIR data indicating the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans. 26794747 1 54 theme pectic 186:191 arg1 polysaccharides 193:207 pectic polysaccharides 186:207 pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric 186:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 3 55 theme H. 545:546 arg1 inhibition 531:540 inhibition 531:540 inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence 531:570 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 55 theme H. 545:546 arg1 muco-protection 480:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 effective muco-protection 470:494 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 56 dep H. 545:546 arg1 pylori 548:553 H. pylori growth/adherence 545:570 H. pylori growth/adherence 545:570 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 3 56 dep H. 545:546 arg1 growth/adherence 555:570 growth/adherence 555:570 H. pylori growth/adherence 545:570 Results were substantiated by effective muco-protection, H(+),K(+)-ATPase down-regulation, inhibition of H. pylori growth/adherence, higher antioxidant/cytoprotective mechanisms. 26794747 1 57 theme intact 120:125 arg1 forms 177:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms 112:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric 112:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 2 58 theme ulcer-preventive 368:383 arg1 property 385:392 significantly better ulcer-preventive property 347:392 significantly better ulcer-preventive property 347:392 Data indicated that MTrPP possessed significantly better ulcer-preventive property than TrPP; inhibiting ulcer scores up to 85%. 26794747 1 59 theme polysaccharides 193:207 arg1 forms 177:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms 112:181 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric 112:230 Native, intact (TrPP) and modified, low-molecular-weight (MTrPP) forms of pectic polysaccharides isolated from turmeric were evaluated for ulcer-preventive potentials in in vitro and in vivo models. 26794747 5 60 theme galacturonic 800:811 arg1 acid 813:816 galacturonic acid 800:816 galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) 800:840 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 5 61 from rich 792:795 arg1 % 873:873 52.9%; TrPP-21.7% 857:873 52.9%; TrPP-21.7% 857:873 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 5 61 from rich 792:795 arg1 acid 813:816 galacturonic acid 800:816 galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) 800:840 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 5 61 from rich 792:795 arg1 galactose 846:854 galactose 846:854 galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%) 846:874 MTrPP was rich in galacturonic acid (687mg/g; TrPP-544mg/g) and galactose (52.9%; TrPP-21.7%). 26794747 6 62 theme rhamnogalacturonam-I 969:988 arg1 presence 936:943 the presence 932:943 the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans 932:1009 Results were substantiated by NMR/FTIR data indicating the presence of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonam-I containing galactans. 27044343 1 0 theme central 138:144 arg1 design 156:161 a central composite design 136:161 a central composite design with three variables 136:182 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 1 theme composite 146:154 arg1 design 156:161 a central composite design 136:161 a central composite design with three variables 136:182 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 2 2 theme galacturonic 455:466 arg1 content 473:479 galacturonic acid content 455:479 galacturonic acid content 455:479 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 3 3 theme methoxylation 640:652 arg1 degree 630:635 the degree 626:635 the degree of methoxylation 626:652 Harsh conditions enhanced the extraction yield and the galacturonic acid contents, but decreased the degree of methoxylation. 27044343 4 4 theme methoxylation 813:825 arg1 degree 803:808 a minimum degree 793:808 a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were 793:837 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 2 5 used used 302:305 arg2 Fourier 251:257 Fourier 251:257 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 251:296 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 2 6 dep Fourier 251:257 arg1 transform 259:267 transform 259:267 transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 259:296 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 2 7 theme esterification 436:449 arg1 degree 419:424 the degree 415:424 the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions 415:526 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 4 8 theme optimum 659:665 arg1 conditions 678:687 The optimum extraction conditions 655:687 The optimum extraction conditions 655:687 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 2 9 theme material 328:335 arg1 composition 337:347 material composition 328:347 material composition 328:347 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 2 10 theme methyl 429:434 arg1 esterification 436:449 methyl esterification 429:449 methyl esterification 429:449 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 0 11 theme Pectin 0:5 arg1 extraction 7:16 Pectin extraction 0:16 Pectin extraction from pomegranate 0:33 Pectin extraction from pomegranate peels with citric acid. 27044343 1 12 with peels 99:103 arg1 acid 117:120 citric acid 110:120 citric acid 110:120 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 4 13 theme minimum 795:801 arg1 degree 803:808 a minimum degree 793:808 a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were 793:837 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 2 14 theme pectin 374:379 arg1 extraction 381:390 pectin extraction 374:390 pectin extraction 374:390 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 1 15 theme extraction 222:231 arg1 40-150min 239:247 40-150min 239:247 40-150min 239:247 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 15 theme extraction 222:231 arg1 time 233:236 extraction time 222:236 extraction time (40-150min) 222:248 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 4 16 theme extraction 667:676 arg1 conditions 678:687 The optimum extraction conditions 655:687 The optimum extraction conditions 655:687 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 1 17 theme pomegranate 87:97 arg1 peels 99:103 pomegranate peels 87:103 pomegranate peels with citric acid 87:120 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 5 18 theme predicted 913:921 arg1 values 923:928 predicted values 913:928 predicted values 913:928 Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values at the extraction conditions defined as optimum. 27044343 2 19 theme pectins 484:490 arg1 esterification 436:449 methyl esterification 429:449 methyl esterification 429:449 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 2 19 theme pectins 484:490 arg1 content 473:479 galacturonic acid content 455:479 galacturonic acid content 455:479 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 2 20 theme main 360:363 arg1 steps 365:369 the main steps 356:369 the main steps of pectin extraction 356:390 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 2 21 dep infrared 269:276 arg1 FTIR 279:282 FTIR 279:282 FTIR 279:282 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 3 22 theme acid 597:600 arg1 contents 602:609 the galacturonic acid contents 580:609 the galacturonic acid contents 580:609 Harsh conditions enhanced the extraction yield and the galacturonic acid contents, but decreased the degree of methoxylation. 27044343 5 23 theme Close 862:866 arg1 agreement 868:876 Close agreement 862:876 Close agreement 862:876 Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values at the extraction conditions defined as optimum. 27044343 5 24 located found 882:886 arg2 agreement 868:876 Close agreement 862:876 Close agreement 862:876 Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values at the extraction conditions defined as optimum. 27044343 5 24 located found 882:886 arg1 conditions 948:957 the extraction conditions 933:957 the extraction conditions defined as optimum 933:976 Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values at the extraction conditions defined as optimum. 27044343 2 25 theme content 473:479 arg1 degree 419:424 the degree 415:424 the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions 415:526 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 4 26 theme higher 759:764 arg1 acid 754:757 galacturonic acid 741:757 galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g 741:777 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 2 27 theme acid 468:471 arg1 content 473:479 galacturonic acid content 455:479 galacturonic acid content 455:479 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 4 28 theme acid 754:757 arg1 yield 732:736 a yield 730:736 a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g 730:777 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 2 29 from changes 317:323 arg1 composition 337:347 material composition 328:347 material composition 328:347 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 4 30 dep 88°C 840:843 arg1 conditions 678:687 The optimum extraction conditions 655:687 The optimum extraction conditions 655:687 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 4 31 theme % 832:832 arg1 methoxylation 813:825 methoxylation 813:825 methoxylation of 54% were 813:837 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 3 32 theme galacturonic 584:595 arg1 contents 602:609 the galacturonic acid contents 580:609 the galacturonic acid contents 580:609 Harsh conditions enhanced the extraction yield and the galacturonic acid contents, but decreased the degree of methoxylation. 27044343 5 33 theme extraction 937:946 arg1 conditions 948:957 the extraction conditions 933:957 the extraction conditions defined as optimum 933:976 Close agreement was found between experimental and predicted values at the extraction conditions defined as optimum. 27044343 1 34 theme citric 110:115 arg1 acid 117:120 citric acid 110:120 citric acid 110:120 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 0 35 theme citric 46:51 arg1 acid 53:56 citric acid 46:56 citric acid 46:56 Pectin extraction from pomegranate peels with citric acid. 27044343 2 36 theme different 507:515 arg1 conditions 517:526 different conditions 507:526 different conditions 507:526 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 3 37 theme Harsh 529:533 arg1 conditions 535:544 Harsh conditions 529:544 Harsh conditions 529:544 Harsh conditions enhanced the extraction yield and the galacturonic acid contents, but decreased the degree of methoxylation. 27044343 1 38 dep extracted 72:80 arg1 temperature 195:205 temperature 195:205 temperature (70-90°C) 195:215 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 38 dep extracted 72:80 arg1 time 233:236 extraction time 222:236 extraction time (40-150min) 222:248 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 38 dep extracted 72:80 arg1 pH 185:186 pH 185:186 pH (2-4) 185:192 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 38 dep extracted 72:80 arg1 40-150min 239:247 40-150min 239:247 40-150min 239:247 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 38 dep extracted 72:80 arg1 70-90°C 208:214 70-90°C 208:214 70-90°C 208:214 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 38 dep extracted 72:80 arg1 2-4 189:191 2-4 189:191 2-4 189:191 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 1 39 with design 156:161 arg1 variables 174:182 three variables 168:182 three variables 168:182 Pectins were extracted from pomegranate peels with citric acid, according to a central composite design with three variables: pH (2-4), temperature (70-90°C), and extraction time (40-150min). 27044343 2 40 theme infrared 269:276 arg1 spectroscopy 285:296 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 269:296 infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy 269:296 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27044343 4 41 theme galacturonic 741:752 arg1 acid 754:757 galacturonic acid 741:757 galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g 741:777 The optimum extraction conditions, defined as those predicted to result in a yield of galacturonic acid higher than 8g/100g while keeping a minimum degree of methoxylation of 54% were: 88°C, 120min, pH 2.5. 27044343 0 42 from pomegranate 23:33 arg1 extraction 7:16 Pectin extraction 0:16 Pectin extraction from pomegranate 0:33 Pectin extraction from pomegranate peels with citric acid. 27044343 3 43 theme extraction 559:568 arg1 yield 570:574 the extraction yield 555:574 the extraction yield 555:574 Harsh conditions enhanced the extraction yield and the galacturonic acid contents, but decreased the degree of methoxylation. 27044343 2 44 theme extraction 381:390 arg1 steps 365:369 the main steps 356:369 the main steps of pectin extraction 356:390 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to follow changes in material composition during the main steps of pectin extraction, and also to determine the degree of methyl esterification and galacturonic acid content of pectins produced under different conditions. 27082652 1 0 theme main 150:153 arg1 polysaccharides 126:140 polysaccharides 126:140 polysaccharides 126:140 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 1 0 theme main 150:153 arg1 compound 113:120 triterpene compound 102:120 triterpene compound 102:120 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 1 0 theme main 150:153 arg1 compositions 155:166 the main compositions 146:166 the main compositions 146:166 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 0 1 theme cocos 79:83 arg1 process 62:68 the hydration process 48:68 the hydration process of Poria cocos 48:83 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 3 2 dep Micro-Fourier 417:429 arg1 transform 431:439 transform 431:439 transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique 431:484 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 6 3 theme IR 763:764 arg1 spectra 766:772 IR spectra 763:772 IR spectra 763:772 IR spectra show the transformation of hydrogen bonds with the RH. 27082652 8 4 theme steady 1187:1192 arg1 modes 1194:1198 steady modes 1187:1198 steady modes 1187:1198 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 6 5 theme hydrogen 801:808 arg1 bonds 810:814 hydrogen bonds 801:814 hydrogen bonds 801:814 IR spectra show the transformation of hydrogen bonds with the RH. 27082652 5 6 dep strong 626:631 arg1 overlaps 633:640 overlaps 633:640 overlaps 633:640 Because of strong overlaps between some bands, the differential spectra and band decompositions have been applied to analyze the structural change. 27082652 1 7 from compositions 155:166 arg1 cocos 95:99 Poria cocos 89:99 Poria cocos 89:99 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 2 8 theme strong 262:267 arg1 capacity 285:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 3 9 theme ambient 513:519 arg1 RH 540:541 RH 540:541 RH 540:541 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 3 9 theme ambient 513:519 arg1 humidity 530:537 the ambient relative humidity 509:537 the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing 509:553 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 3 10 theme water 333:337 arg1 effect 323:328 the effect 319:328 the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos 319:369 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 7 11 theme lower 1004:1008 arg1 RH 1010:1011 lower RH 1004:1011 lower RH 1004:1011 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 3 12 dep transform 431:439 arg1 infrared 441:448 infrared 441:448 transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique 431:484 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 7 13 theme water 985:989 arg1 molecules 991:999 water molecules 985:999 water molecules 985:999 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 7 14 dep 1424cm 886:891 arg1 to 883:884 to 883:884 to 883:884 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 3 15 theme cocos 365:369 arg1 structure 346:354 the structure 342:354 the structure of Poria cocos 342:369 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 7 16 theme vibration 863:871 arg1 shift 838:842 The blue shift 829:842 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some 829:1020 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 8 17 theme further 1062:1068 arg1 study 1070:1074 The further study 1058:1074 The further study 1058:1074 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 0 18 theme micro-FTIR 8:17 arg1 observation 33:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation 0:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation 0:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 5 19 theme band 691:694 arg1 decompositions 696:709 band decompositions 691:709 band decompositions 691:709 Because of strong overlaps between some bands, the differential spectra and band decompositions have been applied to analyze the structural change. 27082652 3 20 theme relative 521:528 arg1 RH 540:541 RH 540:541 RH 540:541 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 3 20 theme relative 521:528 arg1 humidity 530:537 the ambient relative humidity 509:537 the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing 509:553 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 0 21 theme In-situ 0:6 arg1 observation 33:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation 0:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation 0:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 7 22 from 1424cm 886:891 arg1 shift 838:842 The blue shift 829:842 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some 829:1020 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 7 23 theme CH2 851:853 arg1 vibration 863:871 the CH2 bending vibration 847:871 the CH2 bending vibration 847:871 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 1 24 theme Poria 89:93 arg1 cocos 95:99 Poria cocos 89:99 Poria cocos 89:99 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 6 25 theme bonds 810:814 arg1 transformation 783:796 the transformation 779:796 the transformation of hydrogen bonds with the RH 779:826 IR spectra show the transformation of hydrogen bonds with the RH. 27082652 7 26 theme hydrogen 1042:1049 arg1 bonds 1051:1055 weak hydrogen bonds 1037:1055 weak hydrogen bonds 1037:1055 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 2 27 contain has 254:256 arg2 capacity 285:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 2 27 contain has 254:256 arg1 -d-glucan 237:245 β-(1→3)-d-glucan 230:245 β-(1→3)-d-glucan 230:245 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 7 28 theme bending 855:861 arg1 vibration 863:871 the CH2 bending vibration 847:871 the CH2 bending vibration 847:871 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 2 29 theme absorbing 275:283 arg1 capacity 285:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 7 30 from increase 906:913 arg1 means 921:925 RH means 918:925 RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH 918:1011 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 0 31 theme spectroscopic 19:31 arg1 observation 33:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation 0:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation 0:43 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 7 32 theme CH2 970:972 arg1 groups 974:979 CH2 groups 970:979 CH2 groups 970:979 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 2 33 theme water 269:273 arg1 capacity 285:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 the strong water absorbing capacity 258:292 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 8 34 from bond 1142:1145 arg1 groups 1115:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups 1090:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond 1090:1145 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 8 35 theme C1OH 1094:1097 arg1 groups 1115:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups 1090:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond 1090:1145 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 3 36 from effect 323:328 arg1 structure 346:354 the structure 342:354 the structure of Poria cocos 342:369 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 8 37 theme C3OH 1110:1113 arg1 groups 1115:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups 1090:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond 1090:1145 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 6 38 with transformation 783:796 arg1 RH 825:826 the RH 821:826 the RH 821:826 IR spectra show the transformation of hydrogen bonds with the RH. 27082652 7 39 theme weak 1037:1040 arg1 bonds 1051:1055 weak hydrogen bonds 1037:1055 weak hydrogen bonds 1037:1055 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 5 40 theme differential 666:677 arg1 spectra 679:685 the differential spectra 662:685 the differential spectra 662:685 Because of strong overlaps between some bands, the differential spectra and band decompositions have been applied to analyze the structural change. 27082652 2 41 theme β- 230:231 arg1 -d-glucan 237:245 β-(1→3)-d-glucan 230:245 β-(1→3)-d-glucan 230:245 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 7 42 theme RH 918:919 arg1 means 921:925 RH means 918:925 RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH 918:1011 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 3 43 theme Polyporaceae 399:410 arg1 kind 391:394 a kind 389:394 a kind of Polyporaceae 389:410 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 3 44 theme Poria 359:363 arg1 cocos 365:369 Poria cocos 359:369 Poria cocos 359:369 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 7 45 theme hydrogen 936:943 arg1 bonds 945:949 the hydrogen bonds 932:949 the hydrogen bonds 932:949 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 8 46 theme water 1220:1224 arg1 molecules 1226:1234 water molecules 1220:1234 water molecules 1220:1234 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 1 47 theme triterpene 102:111 arg1 polysaccharides 126:140 polysaccharides 126:140 polysaccharides 126:140 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 1 47 theme triterpene 102:111 arg1 compound 113:120 triterpene compound 102:120 triterpene compound 102:120 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 1 47 theme triterpene 102:111 arg1 compositions 155:166 the main compositions 146:166 the main compositions 146:166 In Poria cocos, triterpene compound and polysaccharides are the main compositions. 27082652 0 48 theme hydration 52:60 arg1 process 62:68 the hydration process 48:68 the hydration process of Poria cocos 48:83 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 2 49 theme linear 214:219 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 173:192 The heteropolysaccharide 169:192 The heteropolysaccharide 169:192 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 2 49 theme linear 214:219 arg1 chain 221:225 a linear chain 212:225 a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity 212:292 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 3 50 theme spectroscopy 450:461 arg1 technique 476:484 spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique 450:484 spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique 450:484 In order to investigate the effect of water on the structure of Poria cocos, which belongs to a kind of Polyporaceae, the Micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) technique has been employed with the ambient relative humidity (RH) increasing. 27082652 8 51 dep C1OH⋯H2O 1154:1161 arg1 modes 1194:1198 steady modes 1187:1198 steady modes 1187:1198 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 0 52 dep observation 33:43 arg1 process 62:68 the hydration process 48:68 the hydration process of Poria cocos 48:83 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 2 53 theme -d-glucan 237:245 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 173:192 The heteropolysaccharide 169:192 The heteropolysaccharide 169:192 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 2 53 theme -d-glucan 237:245 arg1 chain 221:225 a linear chain 212:225 a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity 212:292 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 7 54 theme blue 833:836 arg1 shift 838:842 The blue shift 829:842 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some 829:1020 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 0 55 theme Poria 73:77 arg1 cocos 79:83 Poria cocos 73:83 Poria cocos 73:83 In-situ micro-FTIR spectroscopic observation on the hydration process of Poria cocos. 27082652 8 56 theme polysaccharide 1127:1140 arg1 bond 1142:1145 polysaccharide bond 1127:1145 polysaccharide bond 1127:1145 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 4 57 theme IR 567:568 arg1 spectra 570:576 The gained IR spectra 556:576 The gained IR spectra 556:576 The gained IR spectra are measured and analyzed in detail. 27082652 8 58 theme C2OH 1100:1103 arg1 groups 1115:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups 1090:1120 the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond 1090:1145 The further study suggests that the C1OH, C2OH, and C3OH groups from polysaccharide bond formed C1OH⋯H2O, C2OH⋯H2O, and C3OH⋯H2O steady modes, respectively, with water molecules. 27082652 7 59 from some 1017:1020 arg1 shift 838:842 The blue shift 829:842 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some 829:1020 The blue shift of the CH2 bending vibration from 1417 to 1424cm(-1) with the increase in RH means that the hydrogen bonds are formed between CH2 groups and water molecules at lower RH and some transferred to weak hydrogen bonds. 27082652 2 60 theme 1→3 233:235 arg1 -d-glucan 237:245 β-(1→3)-d-glucan 230:245 β-(1→3)-d-glucan 230:245 The heteropolysaccharide was identified as a linear chain of β-(1→3)-d-glucan, which has the strong water absorbing capacity. 27082652 5 61 theme structural 744:753 arg1 change 755:760 the structural change 740:760 the structural change 740:760 Because of strong overlaps between some bands, the differential spectra and band decompositions have been applied to analyze the structural change. 27082652 4 62 theme gained 560:565 arg1 spectra 570:576 The gained IR spectra 556:576 The gained IR spectra 556:576 The gained IR spectra are measured and analyzed in detail. 28899482 6 0 theme cell 940:943 arg1 growth 945:950 colon cancer cell growth 927:950 colon cancer cell growth 927:950 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 1 1 theme edible 155:160 arg1 plants 162:167 edible plants 155:167 edible plants 155:167 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 4 2 theme nuclear 575:581 arg1 resonance 592:600 nuclear magnetic resonance 575:600 nuclear magnetic resonance 575:600 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 28899482 0 3 theme physical 79:86 arg1 properties 103:112 its physical and functional properties 75:112 its physical and functional properties 75:112 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside using dextransucrase and its physical and functional properties. 28899482 6 4 theme cancer 933:938 arg1 growth 945:950 colon cancer cell growth 927:950 colon cancer cell growth 927:950 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 5 5 theme production 690:699 arg1 % 722:722 44.0% 718:722 44.0% 718:722 The production yield of CHG was 44.0% or 141mM, as determined by response surface methodology. 28899482 5 5 theme production 690:699 arg1 yield 701:705 The production yield 686:705 The production yield of CHG 686:712 The production yield of CHG was 44.0% or 141mM, as determined by response surface methodology. 28899482 6 6 theme 2-fold 832:837 arg1 resistance 848:857 2-fold browning resistance 832:857 2-fold browning resistance 832:857 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 6 7 theme colon 927:931 arg1 growth 945:950 colon cancer cell growth 927:950 colon cancer cell growth 927:950 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 0 8 theme functional 92:101 arg1 properties 103:112 its physical and functional properties 75:112 its physical and functional properties 75:112 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside using dextransucrase and its physical and functional properties. 28899482 1 9 from polyphenol 141:150 arg1 plants 162:167 edible plants 155:167 edible plants 155:167 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 3 10 theme Leuconostoc 487:497 arg1 mesenteroides 499:511 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 487:511 Leuconostoc mesenteroides 487:511 In this study, we for the first time synthesized chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) via transglycosylation using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and sucrose. 28899482 4 11 theme magnetic 583:590 arg1 resonance 592:600 nuclear magnetic resonance 575:600 nuclear magnetic resonance 575:600 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 28899482 5 12 theme response 751:758 arg1 methodology 768:778 response surface methodology 751:778 response surface methodology 751:778 The production yield of CHG was 44.0% or 141mM, as determined by response surface methodology. 28899482 6 13 theme water 811:815 arg1 solubility 817:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 2 14 used used 260:263 arg2 It 257:258 It 257:258 It 257:258 It used for industrial applications; however, this is limited by its instability to heat or light. 28899482 3 15 theme acid 417:420 arg1 CHG 433:435 CHG 433:435 CHG 433:435 In this study, we for the first time synthesized chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) via transglycosylation using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and sucrose. 28899482 3 15 theme acid 417:420 arg1 glucoside 422:430 chlorogenic acid glucoside 405:430 chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) 405:436 In this study, we for the first time synthesized chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) via transglycosylation using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and sucrose. 28899482 5 16 theme surface 760:766 arg1 methodology 768:778 response surface methodology 751:778 response surface methodology 751:778 The production yield of CHG was 44.0% or 141mM, as determined by response surface methodology. 28899482 6 17 theme peroxidation 907:918 arg1 inhibition 887:896 stronger inhibition 878:896 stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth 878:950 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 0 18 theme glucoside 40:48 arg1 synthesis 10:18 Enzymatic synthesis 0:18 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside 0:48 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside using dextransucrase and its physical and functional properties. 28899482 6 19 theme increased 801:809 arg1 solubility 817:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 6 20 theme lipid 901:905 arg1 peroxidation 907:918 lipid peroxidation 901:918 lipid peroxidation 901:918 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 6 21 theme % 799:799 arg1 solubility 817:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 1 22 theme strong 180:185 arg1 activity 199:206 strong antioxidant activity 180:206 strong antioxidant activity 180:206 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 0 23 theme Enzymatic 0:8 arg1 synthesis 10:18 Enzymatic synthesis 0:18 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside 0:48 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside using dextransucrase and its physical and functional properties. 28899482 7 24 theme resistant 1106:1114 arg1 compound 1116:1123 water-soluble or browning resistant compound 1080:1123 water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) 1080:1129 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 7 24 theme resistant 1106:1114 arg1 CHG 1126:1128 CHG 1126:1128 CHG 1126:1128 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 6 25 theme 65 797:798 arg1 % 799:799 % 799:799 % 799:799 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 3 26 theme chlorogenic 405:415 arg1 CHG 433:435 CHG 433:435 CHG 433:435 In this study, we for the first time synthesized chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) via transglycosylation using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and sucrose. 28899482 3 26 theme chlorogenic 405:415 arg1 glucoside 422:430 chlorogenic acid glucoside 405:430 chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) 405:436 In this study, we for the first time synthesized chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) via transglycosylation using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and sucrose. 28899482 0 27 theme chlorogenic 23:33 arg1 acid 35:38 chlorogenic acid 23:38 chlorogenic acid glucoside 23:48 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside using dextransucrase and its physical and functional properties. 28899482 6 28 theme chlorogenic 978:988 arg1 acid 990:993 chlorogenic acid 978:993 chlorogenic acid 978:993 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 7 29 theme water-soluble 1080:1092 arg1 compound 1116:1123 water-soluble or browning resistant compound 1080:1123 water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) 1080:1129 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 7 29 theme water-soluble 1080:1092 arg1 CHG 1126:1128 CHG 1126:1128 CHG 1126:1128 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 4 30 theme mass 667:670 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 28899482 6 31 contain possessed 785:793 arg2 solubility 817:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 a 65% increased water solubility 795:826 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 6 31 contain possessed 785:793 arg1 CHG 781:783 CHG 781:783 CHG 781:783 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 6 31 contain possessed 785:793 arg2 resistance 848:857 2-fold browning resistance 832:857 2-fold browning resistance 832:857 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 1 32 theme Chlorogenic 115:125 arg1 acid 127:130 Chlorogenic acid 115:130 Chlorogenic acid 115:130 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 32 theme Chlorogenic 115:125 arg1 polyphenol 141:150 a major polyphenol 133:150 a major polyphenol in edible plants 133:167 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 4 33 theme ionization-time-of-flight 641:665 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 28899482 3 34 theme first 382:386 arg1 time 388:391 the first time 378:391 the first time 378:391 In this study, we for the first time synthesized chlorogenic acid glucoside (CHG) via transglycosylation using dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and sucrose. 28899482 7 35 theme acid 1072:1075 arg1 applications 1044:1055 the industrial applications 1029:1055 the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) 1029:1129 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 1 36 theme antioxidant 187:197 arg1 activity 199:206 strong antioxidant activity 180:206 strong antioxidant activity 180:206 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 37 theme anti-lipid 209:218 arg1 peroxidation 220:231 anti-lipid peroxidation 209:231 anti-lipid peroxidation 209:231 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 0 38 theme acid 35:38 arg1 glucoside 40:48 chlorogenic acid glucoside 23:48 chlorogenic acid glucoside 23:48 Enzymatic synthesis of chlorogenic acid glucoside using dextransucrase and its physical and functional properties. 28899482 1 39 contain possesses 170:178 arg2 peroxidation 220:231 anti-lipid peroxidation 209:231 anti-lipid peroxidation 209:231 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 39 contain possesses 170:178 arg1 acid 127:130 Chlorogenic acid 115:130 Chlorogenic acid 115:130 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 39 contain possesses 170:178 arg2 activity 199:206 strong antioxidant activity 180:206 strong antioxidant activity 180:206 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 39 contain possesses 170:178 arg1 polyphenol 141:150 a major polyphenol 133:150 a major polyphenol in edible plants 133:167 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 39 contain possesses 170:178 arg2 effects 248:254 anticancer effects 237:254 anticancer effects 237:254 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 7 40 theme enzymatic 1139:1147 arg1 glycosylation 1149:1161 enzymatic glycosylation 1139:1161 enzymatic glycosylation 1139:1161 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 5 41 theme CHG 710:712 arg1 % 722:722 44.0% 718:722 44.0% 718:722 The production yield of CHG was 44.0% or 141mM, as determined by response surface methodology. 28899482 5 41 theme CHG 710:712 arg1 yield 701:705 The production yield 686:705 The production yield of CHG 686:712 The production yield of CHG was 44.0% or 141mM, as determined by response surface methodology. 28899482 6 42 theme MTT 955:957 arg1 assay 959:963 MTT assay 955:963 MTT assay 955:963 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 7 43 theme chlorogenic 1060:1070 arg1 acid 1072:1075 chlorogenic acid 1060:1075 chlorogenic acid 1060:1075 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 6 44 theme stronger 878:885 arg1 inhibition 887:896 stronger inhibition 878:896 stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth 878:950 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 7 45 theme industrial 1033:1042 arg1 applications 1044:1055 the industrial applications 1029:1055 the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) 1029:1129 Therefore, this study may expand the industrial applications of chlorogenic acid as water-soluble or browning resistant compound (CHG) through enzymatic glycosylation. 28899482 2 46 theme industrial 269:278 arg1 applications 280:291 industrial applications 269:291 industrial applications 269:291 It used for industrial applications; however, this is limited by its instability to heat or light. 28899482 4 47 theme matrix-associated 606:622 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 28899482 1 48 theme major 135:139 arg1 acid 127:130 Chlorogenic acid 115:130 Chlorogenic acid 115:130 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 48 theme major 135:139 arg1 polyphenol 141:150 a major polyphenol 133:150 a major polyphenol in edible plants 133:167 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 1 49 theme anticancer 237:246 arg1 effects 248:254 anticancer effects 237:254 anticancer effects 237:254 Chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol in edible plants, possesses strong antioxidant activity, anti-lipid peroxidation and anticancer effects. 28899482 6 50 theme browning 839:846 arg1 resistance 848:857 2-fold browning resistance 832:857 2-fold browning resistance 832:857 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 4 51 theme desorption 630:639 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 28899482 6 52 theme growth 945:950 arg1 inhibition 887:896 stronger inhibition 878:896 stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth 878:950 CHG possessed a 65% increased water solubility and 2-fold browning resistance while it displayed stronger inhibition of lipid peroxidation and of colon cancer cell growth by MTT assay, compared to chlorogenic acid. 28899482 4 53 theme laser 624:628 arg1 spectroscopy 672:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy 606:683 CHG was purified and its structure determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. 25857958 0 0 theme polysaccharides 91:105 arg1 extraction 13:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 0 theme polysaccharides 91:105 arg1 characterization 37:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 0 theme polysaccharides 91:105 arg1 activity 70:77 antioxidant activity 58:77 antioxidant activity 58:77 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 1 from characterization 37:52 arg1 Miq 130:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 5 2 theme extraction 454:463 arg1 time 465:468 extraction time 454:468 extraction time 454:468 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 2 theme extraction 454:463 arg1 temperature 435:445 extraction temperature 424:445 extraction temperature 424:445 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 0 3 from extraction 13:22 arg1 Miq 130:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 4 theme polysaccharides 1400:1414 arg1 extraction 1386:1395 the extraction 1382:1395 the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq 1382:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 5 theme effective 1361:1369 arg1 method 1371:1376 an effective method 1358:1376 an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq 1358:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 5 theme effective 1361:1369 arg1 methodology 1343:1353 response surface methodology 1326:1353 response surface methodology 1326:1353 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 6 theme 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1259:1287 arg1 radicals 1289:1296 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 1259:1296 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 1259:1296 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 0 7 theme Stachys 112:118 arg1 Miq 130:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 8 8 theme glucuronic 943:952 arg1 acid 954:957 glucuronic acid 943:957 glucuronic acid 943:957 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 4 9 used used 319:322 arg2 design 308:313 A central composite design 288:313 A central composite design 288:313 A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters. 25857958 6 10 theme % 607:607 arg1 yield 587:591 an experimental yield 571:591 an experimental yield 571:591 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 7 11 theme polysaccharide 686:699 arg1 II-a 705:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a 677:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a 677:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 2 12 from conditions 208:217 arg1 Miq 275:277 Stachys sieboldii Miq 257:277 Stachys sieboldii Miq 257:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 13 from activity 70:77 arg1 Miq 130:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 6 14 with agreement 627:635 arg1 yield 656:660 the predicted yield 642:660 the predicted yield 642:660 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 9 15 dep In 1013:1014 arg1 vitro 1016:1020 vitro 1016:1020 vitro 1016:1020 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 9 16 theme superoxide 1115:1124 arg1 acid 1196:1199 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1162:1199 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1162:1199 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 9 16 theme superoxide 1115:1124 arg1 anion 1126:1130 superoxide anion 1115:1130 superoxide anion 1115:1130 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 8 17 theme average 882:888 arg1 weight 900:905 an average molecular weight 879:905 an average molecular weight of 168kDa 879:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 7 18 theme SSP 701:703 arg1 II-a 705:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a 677:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a 677:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 11 19 theme antioxidant 1503:1513 arg1 tubers 1439:1444 tubers 1439:1444 tubers 1439:1444 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 11 19 theme antioxidant 1503:1513 arg1 agent 1515:1519 a potential antioxidant agent 1491:1519 a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food 1491:1558 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 11 19 theme antioxidant 1503:1513 arg1 polysaccharides 1454:1468 the polysaccharides 1450:1468 the polysaccharides 1450:1468 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 9 20 theme antioxidant 1022:1032 arg1 assays 1043:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays 1013:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays 1013:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 0 21 theme sieboldii 120:128 arg1 Miq 130:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Stachys sieboldii Miq 112:132 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 22 theme lower 1226:1230 arg1 activity 1243:1250 relatively lower scavenging activity 1215:1250 relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 1215:1296 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 6 23 theme ± 601:601 arg1 % 607:607 9.21 ± 0.18% 596:607 9.21 ± 0.18% 596:607 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 2 24 from Miq 275:277 arg1 conditions 208:217 the extraction conditions 193:217 the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq 193:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 2 24 from Miq 275:277 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 water-soluble polysaccharides 222:250 water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq 222:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 25 from extraction 1386:1395 arg1 Miq 1434:1436 S. sieboldii Miq 1421:1436 S. sieboldii Miq 1421:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 6 26 theme 0.18 603:606 arg1 % 607:607 9.21 ± 0.18% 596:607 9.21 ± 0.18% 596:607 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 2 27 theme surface 152:158 arg1 methodology 160:170 Response surface methodology 143:170 Response surface methodology 143:170 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 28 theme scavenging 1232:1241 arg1 activity 1243:1250 relatively lower scavenging activity 1215:1250 relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals 1215:1296 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 5 29 theme extraction 514:523 arg1 temperature 435:445 extraction temperature 424:445 extraction temperature 424:445 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 29 theme extraction 514:523 arg1 frequency 525:533 extraction frequency 514:533 extraction frequency 514:533 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 11 30 theme functional 1544:1553 arg1 food 1555:1558 functional food 1544:1558 functional food 1544:1558 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 0 31 theme Optimization 0:11 arg1 extraction 13:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 32 theme high 1083:1086 arg1 activity 1099:1106 high scavenging activity 1083:1106 high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1083:1209 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 0 33 from Miq 130:132 arg1 polysaccharides 91:105 polysaccharides 91:105 polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq 91:132 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 33 from Miq 130:132 arg1 extraction 13:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 33 from Miq 130:132 arg1 characterization 37:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 33 from Miq 130:132 arg1 activity 70:77 antioxidant activity 58:77 antioxidant activity 58:77 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 4 34 theme composite 298:306 arg1 design 308:313 A central composite design 288:313 A central composite design 288:313 A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters. 25857958 10 35 theme S. 1421:1422 arg1 Miq 1434:1436 S. sieboldii Miq 1421:1436 S. sieboldii Miq 1421:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 0 36 theme preliminary 25:35 arg1 characterization 37:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 preliminary characterization 25:52 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 5 37 theme optimum 378:384 arg1 conditions 397:406 The optimum extraction conditions 374:406 The optimum extraction conditions 374:406 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 10 38 theme surface 1335:1341 arg1 method 1371:1376 an effective method 1358:1376 an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq 1358:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 38 theme surface 1335:1341 arg1 methodology 1343:1353 response surface methodology 1326:1353 response surface methodology 1326:1353 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 4 39 theme central 290:296 arg1 design 308:313 A central composite design 288:313 A central composite design 288:313 A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters. 25857958 9 40 theme scavenging 1088:1097 arg1 activity 1099:1106 high scavenging activity 1083:1106 high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1083:1209 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 2 41 used used 176:179 arg2 methodology 160:170 Response surface methodology 143:170 Response surface methodology 143:170 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 5 42 theme extraction 386:395 arg1 conditions 397:406 The optimum extraction conditions 374:406 The optimum extraction conditions 374:406 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 2 43 theme extraction 197:206 arg1 conditions 208:217 the extraction conditions 193:217 the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq 193:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 44 theme anion 1126:1130 arg1 radicals 1202:1209 superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1115:1209 superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1115:1209 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 6 45 theme predicted 646:654 arg1 yield 656:660 the predicted yield 642:660 the predicted yield 642:660 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 5 46 theme raw 486:488 arg1 ratio 499:503 raw material ratio 486:503 raw material ratio 486:503 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 10 47 theme response 1326:1333 arg1 method 1371:1376 an effective method 1358:1376 an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq 1358:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 47 theme response 1326:1333 arg1 methodology 1343:1353 response surface methodology 1326:1353 response surface methodology 1326:1353 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 7 48 theme Purified 677:684 arg1 II-a 705:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a 677:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a 677:708 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 8 49 theme 168kDa 910:915 arg1 weight 900:905 an average molecular weight 879:905 an average molecular weight of 168kDa 879:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 6 50 theme experimental 574:585 arg1 yield 587:591 an experimental yield 571:591 an experimental yield 571:591 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 7 51 theme CL-6B 786:790 arg1 chromatography 799:812 diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 742:812 chromatography 799:812 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 2 52 theme sieboldii 265:273 arg1 Miq 275:277 Stachys sieboldii Miq 257:277 Stachys sieboldii Miq 257:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 8 53 theme molecular 890:898 arg1 weight 900:905 an average molecular weight 879:905 an average molecular weight of 168kDa 879:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 7 54 theme column 792:797 arg1 chromatography 799:812 diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 742:812 chromatography 799:812 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 8 55 with fraction 865:872 arg1 weight 900:905 an average molecular weight 879:905 an average molecular weight of 168kDa 879:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 2 56 theme Stachys 257:263 arg1 Miq 275:277 Stachys sieboldii Miq 257:277 Stachys sieboldii Miq 257:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 57 theme hydroxyl 1133:1140 arg1 radicals 1202:1209 superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1115:1209 superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1115:1209 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 0 58 theme antioxidant 58:68 arg1 activity 70:77 antioxidant activity 58:77 antioxidant activity 58:77 Optimization extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 59 theme 2,2'-azino-bis 1147:1160 arg1 radicals 1202:1209 superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1115:1209 superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals 1115:1209 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 11 60 theme potential 1493:1501 arg1 tubers 1439:1444 tubers 1439:1444 tubers 1439:1444 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 11 60 theme potential 1493:1501 arg1 agent 1515:1519 a potential antioxidant agent 1491:1519 a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food 1491:1558 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 11 60 theme potential 1493:1501 arg1 polysaccharides 1454:1468 the polysaccharides 1450:1468 the polysaccharides 1450:1468 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 2 61 theme polysaccharides 236:250 arg1 conditions 208:217 the extraction conditions 193:217 the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq 193:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 62 theme sieboldii 1424:1432 arg1 Miq 1434:1436 S. sieboldii Miq 1421:1436 S. sieboldii Miq 1421:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 9 63 theme In 1013:1014 arg1 assays 1043:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays 1013:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays 1013:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 7 64 theme Sepharose 776:784 arg1 chromatography 799:812 diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 742:812 chromatography 799:812 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 9 65 theme SSP 1065:1067 arg1 II-a 1069:1072 SSP II-a 1065:1072 SSP II-a 1065:1072 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 2 66 theme water-soluble 222:234 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 water-soluble polysaccharides 222:250 water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq 222:277 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 67 from Miq 1434:1436 arg1 polysaccharides 1400:1414 polysaccharides 1400:1414 polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq 1400:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 10 67 from Miq 1434:1436 arg1 extraction 1386:1395 the extraction 1382:1395 the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq 1382:1436 The results indicated that response surface methodology is an effective method for the extraction of polysaccharides from S. sieboldii Miq. 25857958 11 68 from use 1525:1527 arg1 food 1555:1558 functional food 1544:1558 functional food 1544:1558 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 11 68 from use 1525:1527 arg1 medicine 1532:1539 medicine 1532:1539 medicine 1532:1539 tubers and the polysaccharides could be explored as a potential antioxidant agent for use in medicine or functional food. 25857958 8 69 theme galacturonic 960:971 arg1 acid 973:976 galacturonic acid 960:976 galacturonic acid 960:976 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 time 465:468 extraction time 454:468 extraction time 454:468 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 temperature 435:445 extraction temperature 424:445 extraction temperature 424:445 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 frequency 525:533 extraction frequency 514:533 extraction frequency 514:533 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 2.5h 471:474 2.5h 471:474 2.5h 471:474 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 95°C 448:451 95°C 448:451 95°C 448:451 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 3 536:536 3 536:536 3 536:536 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 water 477:481 water 477:481 water to raw material ratio 477:503 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 5 70 theme extraction 424:433 arg1 16 506:507 16 506:507 16 506:507 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 9 71 theme 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic 1162:1194 arg1 anion 1126:1130 superoxide anion 1115:1130 superoxide anion 1115:1130 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 9 71 theme 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic 1162:1194 arg1 acid 1196:1199 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1162:1199 3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1162:1199 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 4 72 theme processing 351:360 arg1 parameters 362:371 the extraction processing parameters 336:371 the extraction processing parameters 336:371 A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters. 25857958 5 73 theme material 490:497 arg1 ratio 499:503 raw material ratio 486:503 raw material ratio 486:503 The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature, 95°C; extraction time, 2.5h; water to raw material ratio, 16; and extraction frequency, 3. 25857958 6 74 theme good 622:625 arg1 agreement 627:635 good agreement 622:635 good agreement with the predicted yield 622:660 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 7 75 theme diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose 742:770 arg1 chromatography 799:812 diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography 742:812 chromatography 799:812 Purified polysaccharide SSP II-a was successfully obtained using diethylaminoethanol-Sepharose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. 25857958 8 76 theme polysaccharide 850:863 arg1 II-a 819:822 SSP II-a 815:822 SSP II-a 815:822 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 8 76 theme polysaccharide 850:863 arg1 fraction 865:872 an acidic polysaccharide fraction 840:872 an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa 840:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 4 77 theme extraction 340:349 arg1 parameters 362:371 the extraction processing parameters 336:371 the extraction processing parameters 336:371 A central composite design was used to optimize the extraction processing parameters. 25857958 9 78 theme activity 1034:1041 arg1 assays 1043:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays 1013:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays 1013:1048 In vitro antioxidant activity assays suggested that SSP II-a presents high scavenging activity toward superoxide anion, hydroxyl, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals but relatively lower scavenging activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. 25857958 6 79 theme optimized 549:557 arg1 conditions 559:568 the optimized conditions 545:568 the optimized conditions 545:568 Under the optimized conditions, an experimental yield of 9.21 ± 0.18%, which is in good agreement with the predicted yield, was obtained. 25857958 2 80 theme Response 143:150 arg1 methodology 160:170 Response surface methodology 143:170 Response surface methodology 143:170 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides from Stachys sieboldii Miq. 25857958 8 81 theme SSP 815:817 arg1 fraction 865:872 an acidic polysaccharide fraction 840:872 an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa 840:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 8 81 theme SSP 815:817 arg1 II-a 819:822 SSP II-a 815:822 SSP II-a 815:822 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 8 82 theme acidic 843:848 arg1 II-a 819:822 SSP II-a 815:822 SSP II-a 815:822 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 25857958 8 82 theme acidic 843:848 arg1 fraction 865:872 an acidic polysaccharide fraction 840:872 an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa 840:915 SSP II-a was found to be an acidic polysaccharide fraction with an average molecular weight of 168kDa and composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. 27083817 4 0 theme ultrasonic 859:868 arg1 extraction 879:888 ultrasonic assisted extraction 859:888 ultrasonic assisted extraction 859:888 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 10 1 theme efficient 2056:2064 arg1 alternative 2080:2090 a green, efficient and promising alternative 2047:2090 a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC 2047:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 10 2 theme green 2049:2053 arg1 alternative 2080:2090 a green, efficient and promising alternative 2047:2090 a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC 2047:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 4 3 theme heating 828:834 arg1 extraction 844:853 heating solvent extraction 828:853 heating solvent extraction 828:853 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 6 4 theme prior 1186:1190 arg1 hydrolysis 1152:1161 acid hydrolysis 1147:1161 acid hydrolysis 1147:1161 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 6 5 theme top 1262:1264 arg1 phases 1266:1271 the top phases 1258:1271 the top phases 1258:1271 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 1 6 theme simultaneous 186:197 arg1 extraction 199:208 simultaneous extraction 186:208 simultaneous extraction 186:208 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 6 7 theme PMP 1167:1169 arg1 derivatization 1171:1184 PMP derivatization 1167:1184 PMP derivatization 1167:1184 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 10 8 theme promising 2070:2078 arg1 alternative 2080:2090 a green, efficient and promising alternative 2047:2090 a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC 2047:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 4 9 theme extraction 919:928 arg1 yields 930:935 the higher extraction yields 908:935 the higher extraction yields 908:935 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 7 10 theme bottom 1775:1780 arg1 phase 1782:1786 the bottom phase 1771:1786 the bottom phase 1771:1786 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 10 11 theme polysaccharides 2122:2136 arg1 extraction 2108:2117 simultaneous extraction 2095:2117 simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC 2095:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 1 12 from separation 214:223 arg1 SC 278:279 SC 278:279 SC 278:279 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 12 from separation 214:223 arg1 Cassiae 269:275 Semen Cassiae 263:275 Semen Cassiae (SC) 263:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 6 13 theme gucose 1342:1347 arg1 glucose 1349:1355 dominant gucose glucose 1333:1355 dominant gucose glucose 1333:1355 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 1 14 theme different 232:240 arg1 polysaccharides 242:256 the different polysaccharides 228:256 the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) 228:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 2 15 theme solvent-to-material 581:599 arg1 ratio 601:605 solvent-to-material ratio 581:605 solvent-to-material ratio 581:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 15 theme solvent-to-material 581:599 arg1 ATPS 542:545 the ATPS 538:545 the ATPS 538:545 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 3 16 theme bottom 749:754 arg1 phase 756:760 the bottom phase 745:760 the bottom phase 745:760 Under the optimum conditions, the yields of polysaccharides were 4.49% for the top phase, 8.80% for the bottom phase and 13.29% for total polysaccharides, respectively. 27083817 1 17 from Cassiae 269:275 arg1 extraction 199:208 simultaneous extraction 186:208 simultaneous extraction 186:208 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 17 from Cassiae 269:275 arg1 polysaccharides 242:256 the different polysaccharides 228:256 the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) 228:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 17 from Cassiae 269:275 arg1 separation 214:223 separation 214:223 separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) 214:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 galactose 1601:1609 galactose 1601:1609 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 xylose 1702:1707 xylose 1702:1707 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 mannose 1732:1738 mannose 1732:1738 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 arabinose 1590:1598 arabinose 1590:1598 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 arabinose 1710:1718 arabinose 1710:1718 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 acid 1752:1755 glucuronic acid 1741:1755 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 18 dep glucose 1581:1587 arg1 galactose 1721:1729 galactose 1721:1729 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 6 19 with heteropolysaccharide 1408:1427 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 9 20 theme extraction 1963:1972 arg1 yields 1949:1954 yields 1949:1954 yields of the extraction 1949:1972 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 3 21 theme total 777:781 arg1 polysaccharides 783:797 total polysaccharides 777:797 total polysaccharides 777:797 Under the optimum conditions, the yields of polysaccharides were 4.49% for the top phase, 8.80% for the bottom phase and 13.29% for total polysaccharides, respectively. 27083817 1 22 from extraction 199:208 arg1 SC 278:279 SC 278:279 SC 278:279 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 22 from extraction 199:208 arg1 Cassiae 269:275 Semen Cassiae 263:275 Semen Cassiae (SC) 263:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 6 23 theme water-soluble 1394:1406 arg1 that 1363:1366 that 1363:1366 that 1363:1366 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 6 23 theme water-soluble 1394:1406 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 1408:1427 a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 1392:1427 a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1392:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 5 24 theme chemical 1118:1125 arg1 structures 1127:1136 their chemical structures 1112:1136 their chemical structures 1112:1136 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 6 25 theme glucose 1457:1463 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 0 26 from characterization 15:30 arg1 Cassiae 62:68 Semen Cassiae 56:68 Semen Cassiae 56:68 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 0 27 theme aqueous 92:98 arg1 extraction 110:119 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 73:119 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 73:119 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 8 28 theme MAATPE 1821:1826 arg1 process 1828:1834 MAATPE process 1821:1834 MAATPE process 1821:1834 The mechanism for MAATPE process was also discussed in detail. 27083817 0 29 from Extraction 0:9 arg1 Cassiae 62:68 Semen Cassiae 56:68 Semen Cassiae 56:68 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 6 30 theme bottom 1375:1380 arg1 phase 1382:1386 the bottom phase 1371:1386 the bottom phase 1371:1386 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 7 31 from phase 1647:1651 arg1 galactose 1601:1609 galactose 1601:1609 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 9 32 theme polysaccharides 2006:2020 arg1 polysaccharides 2006:2020 polysaccharides 2006:2020 polysaccharides 2006:2020 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 9 32 theme polysaccharides 2006:2020 arg1 variety 1995:2001 a variety 1993:2001 a variety of polysaccharides 1993:2020 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 6 33 theme xylose 1466:1471 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 7 34 from 6.67:5.19:4.44 1675:1688 arg1 galactose 1601:1609 galactose 1601:1609 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 5 35 from other 1103:1107 arg1 different 1083:1091 different 1083:1091 different 1083:1091 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 1 36 theme microwave-assisted 299:316 arg1 extraction 336:345 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 299:345 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) 299:354 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 36 theme microwave-assisted 299:316 arg1 MAATPE 348:353 MAATPE 348:353 MAATPE 348:353 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 5 37 theme Fourier-transform 954:970 arg1 spectra 981:987 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 954:987 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 954:987 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 2 38 theme polysaccharides 487:501 arg1 extraction 473:482 the extraction 469:482 the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 469:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 0 39 theme polysaccharides 35:49 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 0 39 theme polysaccharides 35:49 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 1 40 theme two-phase 326:334 arg1 extraction 336:345 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 299:345 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) 299:354 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 40 theme two-phase 326:334 arg1 MAATPE 348:353 MAATPE 348:353 MAATPE 348:353 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 7 41 theme monosaccharides 1541:1555 arg1 ratios 1531:1536 Molar ratios 1525:1536 Molar ratios of monosaccharides 1525:1555 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 3 42 theme optimum 655:661 arg1 conditions 663:672 the optimum conditions 651:672 the optimum conditions 651:672 Under the optimum conditions, the yields of polysaccharides were 4.49% for the top phase, 8.80% for the bottom phase and 13.29% for total polysaccharides, respectively. 27083817 5 43 from structures 1127:1136 arg1 different 1083:1091 different 1083:1091 different 1083:1091 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 3 44 theme polysaccharides 689:703 arg1 % 714:714 4.49% 710:714 4.49% for the top phase 710:732 Under the optimum conditions, the yields of polysaccharides were 4.49% for the top phase, 8.80% for the bottom phase and 13.29% for total polysaccharides, respectively. 27083817 3 44 theme polysaccharides 689:703 arg1 yields 679:684 the yields 675:684 the yields of polysaccharides 675:703 Under the optimum conditions, the yields of polysaccharides were 4.49% for the top phase, 8.80% for the bottom phase and 13.29% for total polysaccharides, respectively. 27083817 6 45 theme glucuronic 1508:1517 arg1 acid 1519:1522 glucuronic acid 1508:1522 glucuronic acid 1508:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 1 46 theme polysaccharides 242:256 arg1 extraction 199:208 simultaneous extraction 186:208 simultaneous extraction 186:208 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 46 theme polysaccharides 242:256 arg1 separation 214:223 separation 214:223 separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) 214:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 2 47 theme ethanol/ammonium 387:402 arg1 solvent 435:441 a multiphase solvent 422:441 a multiphase solvent 422:441 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 47 theme ethanol/ammonium 387:402 arg1 system 412:417 ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 387:417 ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 387:417 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 6 48 theme mannose 1496:1502 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 1 49 theme Semen 263:267 arg1 SC 278:279 SC 278:279 SC 278:279 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 49 theme Semen 263:267 arg1 Cassiae 269:275 Semen Cassiae 263:275 Semen Cassiae (SC) 263:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 6 50 theme homogeneous 1290:1300 arg1 homepolysaccharide 1302:1319 a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide 1277:1319 a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose 1277:1355 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 6 50 theme homogeneous 1290:1300 arg1 polysaccharide 1240:1253 a polysaccharide 1238:1253 a polysaccharide of the top phases 1238:1271 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 3 51 theme top 724:726 arg1 phase 728:732 the top phase 720:732 the top phase 720:732 Under the optimum conditions, the yields of polysaccharides were 4.49% for the top phase, 8.80% for the bottom phase and 13.29% for total polysaccharides, respectively. 27083817 6 52 theme galactose 1485:1493 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 2 53 from effects 448:454 arg1 extraction 473:482 the extraction 469:482 the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 469:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 6 54 theme arabinose 1474:1482 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 4 55 theme assisted 870:877 arg1 extraction 879:888 ultrasonic assisted extraction 859:888 ultrasonic assisted extraction 859:888 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 10 56 theme simultaneous 2095:2106 arg1 extraction 2108:2117 simultaneous extraction 2095:2117 simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC 2095:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 6 57 theme phases 1266:1271 arg1 homepolysaccharide 1302:1319 a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide 1277:1319 a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose 1277:1355 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 6 57 theme phases 1266:1271 arg1 polysaccharide 1240:1253 a polysaccharide 1238:1253 a polysaccharide of the top phases 1238:1271 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 7 58 theme glucuronic 1741:1750 arg1 acid 1752:1755 glucuronic acid 1741:1755 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 0 59 theme Semen 56:60 arg1 Cassiae 62:68 Semen Cassiae 56:68 Semen Cassiae 56:68 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 5 60 dep top 1046:1048 arg1 phases 1061:1066 phases 1061:1066 phases 1061:1066 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 9 61 with MAATPE 1866:1871 arg1 the 1878:1880 the 1878:1880 the 1878:1880 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 10 62 from SC 2143:2144 arg1 polysaccharides 2122:2136 polysaccharides 2122:2136 polysaccharides from SC 2122:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 10 62 from SC 2143:2144 arg1 extraction 2108:2117 simultaneous extraction 2095:2117 simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC 2095:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 2 63 theme UV-vis 628:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 UV-vis analysis 628:642 UV-vis analysis 628:642 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 9 64 theme ATPS 1926:1929 arg1 microwave 1889:1897 microwave 1889:1897 microwave 1889:1897 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 9 64 theme ATPS 1926:1929 arg1 selectivity 1907:1917 the selectivity 1903:1917 the selectivity of the ATPS 1903:1929 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 4 65 theme higher 912:917 arg1 yields 930:935 the higher extraction yields 908:935 the higher extraction yields 908:935 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 2 66 from SC 508:509 arg1 extraction 473:482 the extraction 469:482 the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 469:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 66 from SC 508:509 arg1 polysaccharides 487:501 polysaccharides 487:501 polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 487:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 6 67 theme acid 1147:1150 arg1 hydrolysis 1152:1161 acid hydrolysis 1147:1161 acid hydrolysis 1147:1161 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 7 68 theme top 1643:1645 arg1 phase 1647:1651 the top phase 1639:1651 the top phase 1639:1651 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 2 69 theme ATPS 542:545 arg1 composition 523:533 the composition 519:533 the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 519:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 6 70 theme dominant 1333:1340 arg1 glucose 1349:1355 dominant gucose glucose 1333:1355 dominant gucose glucose 1333:1355 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 0 71 theme microwave-assisted 73:90 arg1 extraction 110:119 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 73:119 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 73:119 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 1 72 theme novel 159:163 arg1 method 175:180 A novel and rapid method 157:180 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) 157:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 0 73 theme two-phase 100:108 arg1 extraction 110:119 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 73:119 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 73:119 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 1 74 theme rapid 169:173 arg1 method 175:180 A novel and rapid method 157:180 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) 157:280 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 0 75 from Cassiae 62:68 arg1 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 characterization 15:30 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 0 75 from Cassiae 62:68 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 0 75 from Cassiae 62:68 arg1 polysaccharides 35:49 polysaccharides 35:49 polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae 35:68 Extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with spectroscopy and HPLC. 27083817 2 76 theme extraction 548:557 arg1 ATPS 542:545 the ATPS 538:545 the ATPS 538:545 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 76 theme extraction 548:557 arg1 time 559:562 extraction time 548:562 extraction time 548:562 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 5 77 from different 1083:1091 arg1 structures 1127:1136 their chemical structures 1112:1136 their chemical structures 1112:1136 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 1 78 theme one-step 361:368 arg1 procedure 370:378 a one-step procedure 359:378 a one-step procedure 359:378 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 9 79 dep the 1878:1880 arg1 aid 1882:1884 aid 1882:1884 aid 1882:1884 MAATPE with the aid of microwave and the selectivity of the ATPS not only improved yields of the extraction, but also obtained a variety of polysaccharides. 27083817 5 80 theme infrared 972:979 arg1 spectra 981:987 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 954:987 Fourier-transform infrared spectra 954:987 Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that two polysaccharides extracted from SC to the top and bottom phases by MAATPE were different from each other in their chemical structures. 27083817 7 81 theme glucose 1581:1587 arg1 glucose 1581:1587 glucose 1581:1587 glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid 1581:1755 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 7 81 theme glucose 1581:1587 arg1 95.13:4.27:0.60 1562:1576 95.13:4.27:0.60 1562:1576 95.13:4.27:0.60 1562:1576 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 4 82 theme shorter 940:946 arg1 time 948:951 shorter time 940:951 shorter time 940:951 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 2 83 from extraction 473:482 arg1 composition 523:533 the composition 519:533 the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 519:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 83 from extraction 473:482 arg1 SC 508:509 SC 508:509 SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 508:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 84 theme MAATPE 459:464 arg1 effects 448:454 the effects 444:454 the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio 444:605 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 85 theme sulfate 404:410 arg1 solvent 435:441 a multiphase solvent 422:441 a multiphase solvent 422:441 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 85 theme sulfate 404:410 arg1 system 412:417 ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 387:417 ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 387:417 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 1 86 theme aqueous 318:324 arg1 extraction 336:345 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction 299:345 microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) 299:354 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 1 86 theme aqueous 318:324 arg1 MAATPE 348:353 MAATPE 348:353 MAATPE 348:353 A novel and rapid method for simultaneous extraction and separation of the different polysaccharides from Semen Cassiae (SC) was developed by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MAATPE) in a one-step procedure. 27083817 7 87 theme glucose 1693:1699 arg1 phase 1647:1651 the top phase 1639:1651 the top phase 1639:1651 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 27083817 2 88 theme multiphase 424:433 arg1 solvent 435:441 a multiphase solvent 422:441 a multiphase solvent 422:441 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 2 88 theme multiphase 424:433 arg1 system 412:417 ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 387:417 ethanol/ammonium sulfate system 387:417 Using ethanol/ammonium sulfate system as a multiphase solvent, the effects of MAATPE on the extraction of polysaccharides from SC such as the composition of the ATPS, extraction time, temperature and solvent-to-material ratio were investigated by UV-vis analysis. 27083817 6 89 theme multiple 1434:1441 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 4 90 theme solvent 836:842 arg1 extraction 844:853 heating solvent extraction 828:853 heating solvent extraction 828:853 Compared with heating solvent extraction and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MAATPE exhibited the higher extraction yields in shorter time. 27083817 6 91 theme acid 1519:1522 arg1 components 1443:1452 multiple components 1434:1452 multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid 1434:1522 Through acid hydrolysis and PMP derivatization prior to HPLC, analytical results by indicated that a polysaccharide of the top phases was a relatively homogeneous homepolysaccharide composed of dominant gucose glucose while that of the bottom phase was a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with multiple components of glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. 27083817 10 92 from extraction 2108:2117 arg1 SC 2143:2144 SC 2143:2144 SC 2143:2144 Hence, it was proved as a green, efficient and promising alternative to simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from SC. 27083817 7 93 theme Molar 1525:1529 arg1 ratios 1531:1536 Molar ratios 1525:1536 Molar ratios of monosaccharides 1525:1555 Molar ratios of monosaccharides were 95.13:4.27:0.60 of glucose: arabinose: galactose for the polysaccharide from the top phase and 62.96:14.07:6.67: 6.67:5.19:4.44 of glucose: xylose: arabinose: galactose: mannose: glucuronic acid for that from the bottom phase, respectively. 26375482 0 0 theme Conjugates 106:115 arg1 Studies 28:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies 0:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates 0:115 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 2 1 from end 460:462 arg1 cap 437:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap 405:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end 405:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 5 2 theme LAM 850:852 arg1 undecasaccharides 829:845 undecasaccharides 829:845 undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% 829:934 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 1 3 theme constituents 162:173 arg1 one 145:147 one 145:147 one 145:147 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 1 3 theme constituents 162:173 arg1 constituents 162:173 the major constituents 152:173 the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 152:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 1 3 theme constituents 162:173 arg1 scaffold 247:254 an attractive molecular scaffold 223:254 an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 223:304 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 0 4 theme Protein 98:104 arg1 Conjugates 106:115 Their Protein Conjugates 92:115 Their Protein Conjugates 92:115 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 5 5 from d-arabinose 859:869 arg1 10 874:875 10 874:875 10 874:875 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 5 from d-arabinose 859:869 arg1 steps 904:908 14 longest linear steps 886:908 14 longest linear steps 886:908 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 5 from d-arabinose 859:869 arg1 15 878:879 15 878:879 15 878:879 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 5 from d-arabinose 859:869 arg1 undecasaccharides 829:845 undecasaccharides 829:845 undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% 829:934 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 6 from % 934:934 arg1 10 874:875 10 874:875 10 874:875 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 6 from % 934:934 arg1 steps 904:908 14 longest linear steps 886:908 14 longest linear steps 886:908 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 6 from % 934:934 arg1 15 878:879 15 878:879 15 878:879 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 5 6 from % 934:934 arg1 undecasaccharides 829:845 undecasaccharides 829:845 undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% 829:934 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 3 7 theme end 551:553 arg1 coupling 507:514 efficient coupling 497:514 efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides 497:587 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 4 8 theme thioglycoside 631:643 arg1 donors 645:650 thioglycoside donors 631:650 thioglycoside donors 631:650 Glycosylations were mainly achieved with thioglycoside donors, which gave excellent yields and stereoselectivity even for reactions between complex oligosaccharides. 26375482 6 9 theme limpet 1137:1142 arg1 hemocyanin 1144:1153 keyhole limpet hemocyanin 1129:1153 keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 1129:1159 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 6 9 theme limpet 1137:1142 arg1 KLH 1156:1158 KLH 1156:1158 KLH 1156:1158 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 7 10 theme immunological 1481:1493 arg1 studies 1495:1501 other immunological studies 1475:1501 other immunological studies 1475:1501 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 6 11 with oligosaccharides 980:995 arg1 group 1015:1019 a free amino group 1002:1019 a free amino group at their reducing end 1002:1041 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 1 12 theme vaccine 286:292 arg1 development 294:304 antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 260:304 development 294:304 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 5 13 theme hepta- 817:822 arg1 yields 944:949 tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields 809:949 tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields 809:949 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 7 14 theme antibody 1284:1291 arg1 responses 1293:1301 robust antibody responses 1277:1301 robust antibody responses 1277:1301 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 3 15 theme nonreducing 539:549 arg1 end 551:553 separately prepared nonreducing end 519:553 separately prepared nonreducing end 519:553 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 7 16 theme immunological 1201:1213 arg1 studies 1215:1221 Preliminary immunological studies 1189:1221 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates 1189:1243 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 5 17 theme linear 897:902 arg1 steps 904:908 14 longest linear steps 886:908 14 longest linear steps 886:908 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 3 18 theme end 568:570 arg1 oligosaccharides 572:587 reducing end oligosaccharides 559:587 reducing end oligosaccharides 559:587 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 6 19 theme serum 1111:1115 arg1 albumin 1117:1123 bovine serum albumin 1104:1123 bovine serum albumin 1104:1123 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 2 20 theme dimannopyranose 421:435 arg1 cap 437:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap 405:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end 405:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 7 21 theme KLH 1230:1232 arg1 conjugates 1234:1243 the KLH conjugates 1226:1243 the KLH conjugates 1226:1243 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 7 22 from studies 1215:1221 arg1 conjugates 1234:1243 the KLH conjugates 1226:1243 the KLH conjugates 1226:1243 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 3 23 theme oligosaccharides 572:587 arg1 coupling 507:514 efficient coupling 497:514 efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides 497:587 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 6 24 theme keyhole 1129:1135 arg1 hemocyanin 1144:1153 keyhole limpet hemocyanin 1129:1153 keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 1129:1159 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 6 24 theme keyhole 1129:1135 arg1 KLH 1156:1158 KLH 1156:1158 KLH 1156:1158 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 1 25 theme Mycobacterium 182:194 arg1 wall 214:217 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 178:217 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 178:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 5 26 used utilized 773:780 arg2 strategy 760:767 The strategy 756:767 The strategy 756:767 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 3 27 theme reducing 559:566 arg1 oligosaccharides 572:587 reducing end oligosaccharides 559:587 reducing end oligosaccharides 559:587 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 6 28 from end 1039:1041 arg1 group 1015:1019 a free amino group 1002:1019 a free amino group at their reducing end 1002:1041 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 7 29 theme vaccine 1451:1457 arg1 development 1459:1469 vaccine development 1451:1469 vaccine development 1451:1469 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 1 30 theme tuberculosis 196:207 arg1 wall 214:217 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 178:217 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 178:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 0 31 theme Synthetic 0:8 arg1 Studies 28:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies 0:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates 0:115 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 2 32 theme convergent 324:333 arg1 strategy 335:342 a convergent strategy 322:342 a convergent strategy 322:342 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 1 33 theme cell 209:212 arg1 wall 214:217 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 178:217 the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 178:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 7 34 theme Preliminary 1189:1199 arg1 studies 1215:1221 Preliminary immunological studies 1189:1221 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates 1189:1243 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 6 35 theme amino 1009:1013 arg1 group 1015:1019 a free amino group 1002:1019 a free amino group at their reducing end 1002:1041 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 6 36 theme bifunctional 1168:1179 arg1 linker 1181:1186 a bifunctional linker 1166:1186 a bifunctional linker 1166:1186 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 1 37 theme wall 214:217 arg1 constituents 162:173 the major constituents 152:173 the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 152:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 1 37 theme wall 214:217 arg1 scaffold 247:254 an attractive molecular scaffold 223:254 an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 223:304 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 0 38 theme Immunological 14:26 arg1 Studies 28:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies 0:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates 0:115 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 6 39 theme free 1004:1007 arg1 group 1015:1019 a free amino group 1002:1019 a free amino group at their reducing end 1002:1041 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 4 40 theme excellent 664:672 arg1 yields 674:679 excellent yields 664:679 excellent yields 664:679 Glycosylations were mainly achieved with thioglycoside donors, which gave excellent yields and stereoselectivity even for reactions between complex oligosaccharides. 26375482 5 41 theme overall 936:942 arg1 yields 944:949 tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields 809:949 tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields 809:949 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 3 42 theme efficient 497:505 arg1 coupling 507:514 efficient coupling 497:514 efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides 497:587 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 0 43 theme Mycobacterial 39:51 arg1 Oligosaccharides 71:86 Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides 39:86 Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides 39:86 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 6 44 theme bovine 1104:1109 arg1 albumin 1117:1123 bovine serum albumin 1104:1123 bovine serum albumin 1104:1123 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 7 45 theme antigen 1324:1330 arg1 structure 1332:1340 the antigen structure 1320:1340 the antigen structure 1320:1340 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 4 46 theme complex 730:736 arg1 oligosaccharides 738:753 complex oligosaccharides 730:753 complex oligosaccharides 730:753 Glycosylations were mainly achieved with thioglycoside donors, which gave excellent yields and stereoselectivity even for reactions between complex oligosaccharides. 26375482 5 47 theme tetra- 809:814 arg1 yields 944:949 tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields 809:949 tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields 809:949 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 6 48 theme reducing 1030:1037 arg1 end 1039:1041 their reducing end 1024:1041 their reducing end 1024:1041 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 1 49 theme attractive 226:235 arg1 scaffold 247:254 an attractive molecular scaffold 223:254 an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 223:304 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 0 50 theme Oligosaccharides 71:86 arg1 Studies 28:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies 0:34 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates 0:115 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 2 51 link α-1,2-linked 408:419 arg1 cap 437:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap 405:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end 405:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 0 52 theme Lipoarabinomannan 53:69 arg1 Oligosaccharides 71:86 Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides 39:86 Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides 39:86 Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. 26375482 6 53 theme resultant 970:978 arg1 oligosaccharides 980:995 The resultant oligosaccharides 966:995 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end 966:1041 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 7 54 theme immunological 1370:1382 arg1 property 1384:1391 their immunological property 1364:1391 their immunological property 1364:1391 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 3 55 theme prepared 530:537 arg1 end 551:553 separately prepared nonreducing end 519:553 separately prepared nonreducing end 519:553 The strategy was highlighted by efficient coupling of separately prepared nonreducing end and reducing end oligosaccharides. 26375482 2 56 with synthesis 366:374 arg1 cap 437:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap 405:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end 405:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 7 57 theme oligosaccharides 1430:1445 arg1 potential 1413:1421 the potential 1409:1421 the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies 1409:1501 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 1 58 theme molecular 237:245 arg1 scaffold 247:254 an attractive molecular scaffold 223:254 an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 223:304 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 7 59 theme other 1475:1479 arg1 studies 1495:1501 other immunological studies 1475:1501 other immunological studies 1475:1501 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 1 60 theme major 156:160 arg1 constituents 162:173 the major constituents 152:173 the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 152:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 1 61 theme scaffold 247:254 arg1 one 145:147 one 145:147 one 145:147 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 1 61 theme scaffold 247:254 arg1 constituents 162:173 the major constituents 152:173 the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall 152:217 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 1 61 theme scaffold 247:254 arg1 scaffold 247:254 an attractive molecular scaffold 223:254 an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 223:304 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 26375482 7 62 contain had 1342:1344 arg1 structure 1332:1340 the antigen structure 1320:1340 the antigen structure 1320:1340 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 7 62 contain had 1342:1344 arg2 influence 1351:1359 some influence 1346:1359 some influence 1346:1359 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 6 63 theme carrier 1076:1082 arg1 hemocyanin 1144:1153 keyhole limpet hemocyanin 1129:1153 keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 1129:1159 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 6 63 theme carrier 1076:1082 arg1 albumin 1117:1123 bovine serum albumin 1104:1123 bovine serum albumin 1104:1123 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 6 63 theme carrier 1076:1082 arg1 proteins 1084:1091 carrier proteins 1076:1091 carrier proteins 1076:1091 The resultant oligosaccharides with a free amino group at their reducing end were effectively conjugated with carrier proteins, including bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), via a bifunctional linker. 26375482 2 64 theme nonreducing 448:458 arg1 end 460:462 the nonreducing end 444:462 the nonreducing end 444:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 2 65 theme oligosaccharides 383:398 arg1 synthesis 366:374 the synthesis 362:374 the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end 362:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 2 66 theme α-1,2-linked 408:419 arg1 cap 437:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap 405:439 an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end 405:462 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 5 67 dep linear 897:902 arg1 longest 889:895 longest 889:895 longest 889:895 The strategy was utilized to successfully synthesize tetra-, hepta-, and undecasaccharides of LAM from d-arabinose in 10, 15, and 14 longest linear steps and 7.84, 7.50, and 2.59% overall yields, respectively. 26375482 2 68 theme LAM 379:381 arg1 oligosaccharides 383:398 LAM oligosaccharides 379:398 LAM oligosaccharides 379:398 In this paper, a convergent strategy was developed for the synthesis of LAM oligosaccharides with an α-1,2-linked dimannopyranose cap at the nonreducing end. 26375482 7 69 theme robust 1277:1282 arg1 responses 1293:1301 robust antibody responses 1277:1301 robust antibody responses 1277:1301 Preliminary immunological studies on the KLH conjugates revealed that they could elicit robust antibody responses in mice and that the antigen structure had some influence on their immunological property, thus verifying the potential of the oligosaccharides for vaccine development and other immunological studies. 26375482 1 70 theme antituberculosis 260:275 arg1 drug 277:280 antituberculosis drug and vaccine development 260:304 drug 277:280 Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is one of the major constituents of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and an attractive molecular scaffold for antituberculosis drug and vaccine development. 25726649 1 0 theme polysacchride 279:291 arg1 composition 250:260 monosaccharide composition 235:260 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 235:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 0 theme polysacchride 279:291 arg1 contents 297:304 contents 297:304 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 297:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 11 1 from growth 1943:1948 arg1 militaris 1976:1984 Cordyceps militaris 1966:1984 Cordyceps militaris 1966:1984 Blue light can help the morphogenesis and promote the differentiation and growth of sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 7 2 from same 1383:1386 arg1 detection 1395:1403 the detection 1391:1403 the detection of sporocarp polysacchride 1391:1430 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 6 3 theme polysaccharides 1286:1300 arg1 test 1269:1272 the test 1265:1272 the test of mycelium polysaccharides 1265:1300 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 5 4 contain containing 1088:1097 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 1067:1086 heteropolysaccharide 1067:1086 heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide 1067:1126 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 5 4 contain containing 1088:1097 arg2 kinds 1104:1108 five kinds 1099:1108 five kinds of monosaccharide 1099:1126 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 12 5 theme light 2267:2271 arg1 irradiation 2273:2283 blue light irradiation 2262:2283 blue light irradiation 2262:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 11 6 theme sporocarp 1953:1961 arg1 growth 1943:1948 growth 1943:1948 growth 1943:1948 Blue light can help the morphogenesis and promote the differentiation and growth of sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 11 6 theme sporocarp 1953:1961 arg1 differentiation 1923:1937 differentiation 1923:1937 differentiation 1923:1937 Blue light can help the morphogenesis and promote the differentiation and growth of sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 7 from cordycepin 309:318 arg1 militaris 387:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 3 8 theme polysacchride 645:657 arg1 contents 608:615 The contents 604:615 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 604:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 8 9 from detection 1547:1555 arg1 militaris 1596:1604 Cordyceps militaris 1586:1604 Cordyceps militaris 1586:1604 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 5 10 theme heteropolysaccharide 959:978 arg1 kind 951:954 a kind 949:954 a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide 949:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 12 11 theme Cordyceps 2129:2137 arg1 militaris 2139:2147 Cordyceps militaris 2129:2147 Cordyceps militaris 2129:2147 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 12 theme Cordyceps 2239:2247 arg1 militaris 2249:2257 Cordyceps militaris 2239:2257 Cordyceps militaris 2239:2257 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 8 13 theme blue 1485:1488 arg1 irradiation 1496:1506 blue light irradiation 1485:1506 blue light irradiation 1485:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 0 14 theme Cordyceps 135:143 arg1 militaris 145:153 Cordyceps militaris 135:153 Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light 135:175 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 5 15 theme Cordyceps 925:933 arg1 militaris 935:943 Cordyceps militaris 925:943 Cordyceps militaris 925:943 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 11 16 from differentiation 1923:1937 arg1 militaris 1976:1984 Cordyceps militaris 1966:1984 Cordyceps militaris 1966:1984 Blue light can help the morphogenesis and promote the differentiation and growth of sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 7 17 from changes 1315:1321 arg1 groups 1357:1362 two groups 1353:1362 two groups 1353:1362 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 3 18 theme sporocarp 675:683 arg1 cordycepin 620:629 cordycepin 620:629 cordycepin 620:629 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 3 18 theme sporocarp 675:683 arg1 polysacchride 645:657 cordyceps polysacchride 635:657 cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 635:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 12 19 from substance 2226:2234 arg1 militaris 2249:2257 Cordyceps militaris 2239:2257 Cordyceps militaris 2239:2257 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 20 theme irradiation 220:230 arg1 effects 198:204 effects 198:204 effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 198:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 12 21 theme composition 2096:2106 arg1 type 2056:2059 type 2056:2059 type 2056:2059 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 21 theme composition 2096:2106 arg1 quantity 2065:2072 quantity 2065:2072 quantity 2065:2072 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 9 22 dep species 1671:1677 arg1 the 1667:1669 the 1667:1669 the 1667:1669 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 10 23 theme content 1747:1753 arg1 increase 1755:1762 The content increase 1743:1762 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris 1743:1827 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 11 24 theme Cordyceps 1966:1974 arg1 militaris 1976:1984 Cordyceps militaris 1966:1984 Cordyceps militaris 1966:1984 Blue light can help the morphogenesis and promote the differentiation and growth of sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 0 25 theme blue 166:169 arg1 light 171:175 blue light 166:175 blue light 166:175 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 3 26 theme mycelium 662:669 arg1 cordycepin 620:629 cordycepin 620:629 cordycepin 620:629 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 3 26 theme mycelium 662:669 arg1 polysacchride 645:657 cordyceps polysacchride 635:657 cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 635:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 8 27 theme Cordycepin 1433:1442 arg1 content 1444:1450 Cordycepin content 1433:1450 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation 1433:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 5 28 theme body 1033:1036 arg1 polysaccharide 1038:1051 fruiting body polysaccharide 1024:1051 fruiting body polysaccharide 1024:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 9 29 from quantity 1683:1690 arg1 polysaccharide 1727:1740 intracellular polysaccharide 1713:1740 intracellular polysaccharide 1713:1740 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 6 30 theme light 1142:1146 arg1 irradiation 1148:1158 blue light irradiation 1137:1158 blue light irradiation 1137:1158 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 3 31 from polysacchride 645:657 arg1 militaris 698:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 1 32 theme sporocarp 364:372 arg1 cordycepin 309:318 cordycepin 309:318 cordycepin 309:318 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 32 theme sporocarp 364:372 arg1 polysacchride 334:346 cordyceps polysacchride 324:346 cordyceps polysacchride 324:346 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 3 33 theme Cordyceps 688:696 arg1 militaris 698:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 12 34 from study 2192:2196 arg1 metabolism 2205:2214 the metabolism 2201:2214 the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation 2201:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 9 35 from species 1671:1677 arg1 polysaccharide 1727:1740 intracellular polysaccharide 1713:1740 intracellular polysaccharide 1713:1740 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 5 36 contain containing 980:989 arg2 kinds 996:1000 four kinds 991:1000 four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide 991:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 5 36 contain containing 980:989 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 959:978 heteropolysaccharide 959:978 heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide 959:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 0 37 theme cordycepin 84:93 arg1 contents 72:79 contents 72:79 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride 72:121 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 0 37 theme cordycepin 84:93 arg1 composition 25:35 monosaccharide composition 10:35 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 10:66 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 1 38 theme Cordyceps 377:385 arg1 militaris 387:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 0 39 from [Study 0:5 arg1 contents 72:79 contents 72:79 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride 72:121 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 0 39 from [Study 0:5 arg1 composition 25:35 monosaccharide composition 10:35 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 10:66 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 8 40 theme irradiation 1496:1506 arg1 experiments 1470:1480 experiments 1470:1480 experiments of blue light irradiation 1470:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 0 41 theme cordyceps 99:107 arg1 polysacchride 109:121 cordyceps polysacchride 99:121 cordyceps polysacchride 99:121 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 5 42 theme heteropolysaccharide 1067:1086 arg1 kind 1059:1062 a kind 1057:1062 a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide 1057:1126 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 9 43 theme light 1627:1631 arg1 irradiation 1633:1643 The blue light irradiation 1618:1643 The blue light irradiation 1618:1643 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 2 44 theme blue 580:583 arg1 irradiation 591:601 144 h blue light irradiation 574:601 144 h blue light irradiation 574:601 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 9 45 dep CONCLUSION 1607:1616 arg1 has 1645:1647 has 1645:1647 has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide 1645:1740 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 2 46 theme polysacchride 454:466 arg1 composition 425:435 The monosaccharide composition 406:435 The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 406:515 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 8 47 theme light 1490:1494 arg1 irradiation 1496:1506 blue light irradiation 1485:1506 blue light irradiation 1485:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 10 48 theme cordyceps 1782:1790 arg1 polysacchride 1792:1804 cordyceps polysacchride 1782:1804 cordyceps polysacchride 1782:1804 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 49 theme light 2043:2047 arg1 effect 2028:2033 the effect 2024:2033 the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation 2024:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 3 50 theme blue 735:738 arg1 irradiation 746:756 blue light irradiation 735:756 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 2 51 theme Cordyceps 497:505 arg1 militaris 507:515 Cordyceps militaris 497:515 Cordyceps militaris 497:515 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 2 52 theme sporocarp 484:492 arg1 polysacchride 454:466 intracellular polysacchride 440:466 intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp 440:492 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 0 53 theme monosaccharide 10:23 arg1 composition 25:35 monosaccharide composition 10:35 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 10:66 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 4 54 located observed 850:857 arg2 growth 789:794 the growth 785:794 the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 785:843 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 4 54 located observed 850:857 arg1 time 779:782 the same time 770:782 the same time 770:782 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 7 55 theme sporocarp 1408:1416 arg1 polysacchride 1418:1430 sporocarp polysacchride 1408:1430 sporocarp polysacchride 1408:1430 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 2 56 theme mycelium 471:478 arg1 polysacchride 454:466 intracellular polysacchride 440:466 intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp 440:492 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 57 from militaris 387:395 arg1 composition 250:260 monosaccharide composition 235:260 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 235:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 57 from militaris 387:395 arg1 contents 297:304 contents 297:304 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 297:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 58 theme polysacchride 334:346 arg1 composition 250:260 monosaccharide composition 235:260 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 235:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 58 theme polysacchride 334:346 arg1 contents 297:304 contents 297:304 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 297:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 12 59 from polysaccharide 2111:2124 arg1 type 2056:2059 type 2056:2059 type 2056:2059 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 59 from polysaccharide 2111:2124 arg1 quantity 2065:2072 quantity 2065:2072 quantity 2065:2072 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 60 from type 2056:2059 arg1 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris 2111:2147 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 7 61 theme polysacchride 1418:1430 arg1 detection 1395:1403 the detection 1391:1403 the detection of sporocarp polysacchride 1391:1430 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 8 62 theme upward 1527:1532 arg1 trend 1534:1538 a clear upward trend 1519:1538 a clear upward trend 1519:1538 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 3 63 located detected 713:720 arg1 periods 758:764 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 3 63 located detected 713:720 arg2 contents 608:615 The contents 604:615 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 604:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 1 64 theme mycelium 351:358 arg1 cordycepin 309:318 cordycepin 309:318 cordycepin 309:318 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 64 theme mycelium 351:358 arg1 polysacchride 334:346 cordyceps polysacchride 324:346 cordyceps polysacchride 324:346 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 12 65 from composition 2096:2106 arg1 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris 2111:2147 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 6 66 theme similar 1245:1251 arg1 patterns 1253:1260 similar patterns 1245:1260 similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides 1245:1300 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 9 67 contain has 1645:1647 arg2 effect 1657:1662 certain effect 1649:1662 certain effect 1649:1662 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 9 67 contain has 1645:1647 arg1 irradiation 1633:1643 The blue light irradiation 1618:1643 The blue light irradiation 1618:1643 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 4 68 theme blue 866:869 arg1 irradiation 877:887 blue light irradiation 866:887 blue light irradiation 866:887 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 10 69 theme blue 1845:1848 arg1 irradiation 1856:1866 blue light irradiation 1845:1866 blue light irradiation 1845:1866 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 4 70 from growth 789:794 arg1 militaris 835:843 Cordyceps militaris 825:843 Cordyceps militaris 825:843 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 71 theme further 2184:2190 arg1 study 2192:2196 further study 2184:2196 further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation 2184:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 3 72 theme irradiation 746:756 arg1 periods 758:764 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 2 73 theme monosaccharide 410:423 arg1 composition 425:435 The monosaccharide composition 406:435 The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 406:515 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 74 theme intracellular 265:277 arg1 polysacchride 279:291 intracellular polysacchride 265:291 intracellular polysacchride 265:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 6 75 theme cordyceps 1200:1208 arg1 changes 1189:1195 the content changes 1177:1195 the content changes of cordyceps 1177:1208 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 1 76 from polysacchride 334:346 arg1 militaris 387:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 12 77 theme militaris 2139:2147 arg1 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris 2111:2147 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 10 78 from increase 1755:1762 arg1 militaris 1819:1827 Cordyceps militaris 1809:1827 Cordyceps militaris 1809:1827 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 5 79 dep RESULTS 890:896 arg1 kind 1059:1062 a kind 1057:1062 a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide 1057:1126 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 0 80 theme polysacchride 54:66 arg1 contents 72:79 contents 72:79 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride 72:121 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 0 80 theme polysacchride 54:66 arg1 composition 25:35 monosaccharide composition 10:35 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 10:66 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 6 81 theme mycelium 1277:1284 arg1 polysaccharides 1286:1300 mycelium polysaccharides 1277:1300 mycelium polysaccharides 1277:1300 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 12 82 theme blue 2262:2265 arg1 irradiation 2273:2283 blue light irradiation 2262:2283 blue light irradiation 2262:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 3 83 theme cordyceps 635:643 arg1 polysacchride 645:657 cordyceps polysacchride 635:657 cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 635:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 12 84 from effect 2028:2033 arg1 type 2056:2059 type 2056:2059 type 2056:2059 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 84 from effect 2028:2033 arg1 quantity 2065:2072 quantity 2065:2072 quantity 2065:2072 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 7 85 from detection 1395:1403 arg1 same 1383:1386 same 1383:1386 same 1383:1386 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 7 85 from detection 1395:1403 arg1 changes 1315:1321 The content changes 1303:1321 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups 1303:1362 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 3 86 theme cordycepin 620:629 arg1 contents 608:615 The contents 604:615 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 604:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 8 87 theme mycelium 1560:1567 arg1 detection 1547:1555 the detection 1543:1555 the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 1543:1604 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 10 88 theme cordycepin 1767:1776 arg1 increase 1755:1762 The content increase 1743:1762 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris 1743:1827 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 89 theme light 214:218 arg1 irradiation 220:230 blue light irradiation 209:230 blue light irradiation 209:230 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 8 90 theme sporocarp 1573:1581 arg1 detection 1547:1555 the detection 1543:1555 the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 1543:1604 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 12 91 dep type 2056:2059 arg1 the 2052:2054 the 2052:2054 the 2052:2054 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 92 from composition 250:260 arg1 militaris 387:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 5 93 theme monosaccharide 1005:1018 arg1 kinds 996:1000 four kinds 991:1000 four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide 991:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 12 94 theme monosaccharide 2081:2094 arg1 composition 2096:2106 the monosaccharide composition 2077:2106 the monosaccharide composition 2077:2106 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 8 95 theme Cordyceps 1586:1594 arg1 militaris 1596:1604 Cordyceps militaris 1586:1604 Cordyceps militaris 1586:1604 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 3 96 from cordycepin 620:629 arg1 militaris 698:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 12 97 from metabolism 2205:2214 arg1 militaris 2249:2257 Cordyceps militaris 2239:2257 Cordyceps militaris 2239:2257 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 5 98 theme fruiting 1024:1031 arg1 polysaccharide 1038:1051 fruiting body polysaccharide 1024:1051 fruiting body polysaccharide 1024:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 12 99 from quantity 2065:2072 arg1 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide 2111:2124 polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris 2111:2147 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 100 theme active 2219:2224 arg1 substance 2226:2234 active substance 2219:2234 active substance in Cordyceps militaris 2219:2257 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 101 from effects 198:204 arg1 composition 250:260 monosaccharide composition 235:260 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 235:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 101 from effects 198:204 arg1 contents 297:304 contents 297:304 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 297:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 6 102 theme blue 1137:1140 arg1 irradiation 1148:1158 blue light irradiation 1137:1158 blue light irradiation 1137:1158 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 5 103 dep kind 1059:1062 arg1 kind 951:954 a kind 949:954 a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide 949:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 7 104 theme cordyceps 1326:1334 arg1 polysacchride 1336:1348 cordyceps polysacchride 1326:1348 cordyceps polysacchride 1326:1348 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 7 105 theme polysacchride 1336:1348 arg1 same 1383:1386 same 1383:1386 same 1383:1386 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 7 105 theme polysacchride 1336:1348 arg1 changes 1315:1321 The content changes 1303:1321 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups 1303:1362 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 9 106 theme certain 1649:1655 arg1 effect 1657:1662 certain effect 1649:1662 certain effect 1649:1662 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 2 107 theme gas 549:551 arg1 chromatography 553:566 gas chromatography 549:566 gas chromatography 549:566 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 4 108 theme same 774:777 arg1 time 779:782 the same time 770:782 the same time 770:782 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 3 109 from contents 608:615 arg1 militaris 698:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 Cordyceps militaris 688:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 0 110 theme polysacchride 109:121 arg1 contents 72:79 contents 72:79 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride 72:121 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 0 110 theme polysacchride 109:121 arg1 composition 25:35 monosaccharide composition 10:35 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 10:66 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 2 111 theme light 585:589 arg1 irradiation 591:601 144 h blue light irradiation 574:601 144 h blue light irradiation 574:601 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 4 112 theme Cordyceps 825:833 arg1 militaris 835:843 Cordyceps militaris 825:843 Cordyceps militaris 825:843 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 7 113 theme content 1307:1313 arg1 same 1383:1386 same 1383:1386 same 1383:1386 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 7 113 theme content 1307:1313 arg1 changes 1315:1321 The content changes 1303:1321 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups 1303:1362 The content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups were basically the same in the detection of sporocarp polysacchride. 25726649 5 114 from polysaccharide 907:920 arg1 militaris 935:943 Cordyceps militaris 925:943 Cordyceps militaris 925:943 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 12 115 theme blue 2038:2041 arg1 light 2043:2047 blue light 2038:2047 blue light 2038:2047 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 1 116 theme blue 209:212 arg1 irradiation 220:230 blue light irradiation 209:230 blue light irradiation 209:230 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 2 117 theme h 578:578 arg1 irradiation 591:601 144 h blue light irradiation 574:601 144 h blue light irradiation 574:601 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 8 118 theme experiments 1470:1480 arg1 experiments 1470:1480 experiments 1470:1480 experiments of blue light irradiation 1470:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 8 118 theme experiments 1470:1480 arg1 set 1463:1465 the two set 1455:1465 the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation 1455:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 3 119 from militaris 698:706 arg1 contents 608:615 The contents 604:615 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 604:706 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 2 120 theme intracellular 440:452 arg1 polysacchride 454:466 intracellular polysacchride 440:466 intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp 440:492 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 121 from militaris 2249:2257 arg1 metabolism 2205:2214 the metabolism 2201:2214 the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation 2201:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 5 122 theme polysaccharide 1038:1051 arg1 kinds 996:1000 four kinds 991:1000 four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide 991:1051 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 6 123 theme content 1181:1187 arg1 changes 1189:1195 the content changes 1177:1195 the content changes of cordyceps 1177:1208 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 11 124 theme Blue 1869:1872 arg1 light 1874:1878 Blue light 1869:1878 Blue light 1869:1878 Blue light can help the morphogenesis and promote the differentiation and growth of sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 4 125 theme mycelium 799:806 arg1 growth 789:794 the growth 785:794 the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 785:843 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 5 126 theme Mycelium 898:905 arg1 polysaccharide 907:920 Mycelium polysaccharide 898:920 Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris 898:943 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 1 127 theme cordycepin 309:318 arg1 composition 250:260 monosaccharide composition 235:260 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 235:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 1 127 theme cordycepin 309:318 arg1 contents 297:304 contents 297:304 contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 297:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 8 128 from content 1444:1450 arg1 experiments 1470:1480 experiments 1470:1480 experiments of blue light irradiation 1470:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 8 128 from content 1444:1450 arg1 set 1463:1465 the two set 1455:1465 the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation 1455:1506 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 9 129 theme monosaccharide 1695:1708 arg1 species 1671:1677 species 1671:1677 species 1671:1677 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 9 129 theme monosaccharide 1695:1708 arg1 quantity 1683:1690 quantity 1683:1690 quantity 1683:1690 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 3 130 theme different 725:733 arg1 periods 758:764 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 4 131 theme sporocarp 812:820 arg1 growth 789:794 the growth 785:794 the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris 785:843 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 25726649 0 132 theme intracellular 40:52 arg1 polysacchride 54:66 intracellular polysacchride 40:66 intracellular polysacchride 40:66 [Study on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride produced by Cordyceps militaris induced by blue light]. 25726649 1 133 theme cordyceps 324:332 arg1 polysacchride 334:346 cordyceps polysacchride 324:346 cordyceps polysacchride 324:346 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 9 134 theme intracellular 1713:1725 arg1 polysaccharide 1727:1740 intracellular polysaccharide 1713:1740 intracellular polysaccharide 1713:1740 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 6 135 theme dark 1163:1166 arg1 culture 1168:1174 dark culture 1163:1174 dark culture 1163:1174 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 10 136 theme Cordyceps 1809:1817 arg1 militaris 1819:1827 Cordyceps militaris 1809:1827 Cordyceps militaris 1809:1827 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 2 137 from composition 425:435 arg1 militaris 507:515 Cordyceps militaris 497:515 Cordyceps militaris 497:515 METHODS The monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris as materials were determined by gas chromatography after 144 h blue light irradiation. 25726649 9 138 theme blue 1622:1625 arg1 irradiation 1633:1643 The blue light irradiation 1618:1643 The blue light irradiation 1618:1643 CONCLUSION The blue light irradiation has certain effect on the species and quantity of monosaccharide in intracellular polysaccharide. 25726649 8 139 theme clear 1521:1525 arg1 trend 1534:1538 a clear upward trend 1519:1538 a clear upward trend 1519:1538 Cordycepin content in the two set of experiments of blue light irradiation all showed a clear upward trend in the detection of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 6 140 from patterns 1253:1260 arg1 test 1269:1272 the test 1265:1272 the test of mycelium polysaccharides 1265:1300 Whether blue light irradiation or dark culture, the content changes of cordyceps polysacchride in two groups showed similar patterns in the test of mycelium polysaccharides. 25726649 10 141 theme light 1850:1854 arg1 irradiation 1856:1866 blue light irradiation 1845:1866 blue light irradiation 1845:1866 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 142 theme first 2005:2009 arg1 study 1992:1996 This study 1987:1996 This study 1987:1996 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 142 theme first 2005:2009 arg1 report 2011:2016 the first report 2001:2016 the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation 2001:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 3 143 theme light 740:744 arg1 irradiation 746:756 blue light irradiation 735:756 different blue light irradiation periods 725:764 The contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were detected at different blue light irradiation periods. 25726649 1 144 theme monosaccharide 235:248 arg1 composition 250:260 monosaccharide composition 235:260 monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride 235:291 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 5 145 theme monosaccharide 1113:1126 arg1 kinds 1104:1108 five kinds 1099:1108 five kinds of monosaccharide 1099:1126 RESULTS Mycelium polysaccharide in Cordyceps militaris was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing four kinds of monosaccharide and fruiting body polysaccharide was a kind of heteropolysaccharide containing five kinds of monosaccharide. 25726649 1 146 from contents 297:304 arg1 militaris 387:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 Cordyceps militaris 377:395 OBJECTIVE To study effects of blue light irradiation on monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysacchride and contents of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris. 25726649 10 147 theme polysacchride 1792:1804 arg1 increase 1755:1762 The content increase 1743:1762 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris 1743:1827 The content increase of cordycepin and cordyceps polysacchride in Cordyceps militaris are promoted by blue light irradiation. 25726649 12 148 theme substance 2226:2234 arg1 metabolism 2205:2214 the metabolism 2201:2214 the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation 2201:2283 This study is the first report about the effect of blue light on the type and quantity of the monosaccharide composition in polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris, which will lay the foundation for further study on the metabolism of active substance in Cordyceps militaris by blue light irradiation. 25726649 4 149 theme light 871:875 arg1 irradiation 877:887 blue light irradiation 866:887 blue light irradiation 866:887 At the same time, the growth of mycelium and sporocarp in Cordyceps militaris were observed during blue light irradiation. 26353993 2 0 theme structural 486:495 arg1 information 497:507 the structural information 482:507 the structural information on the glycan moiety 482:528 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 4 1 theme ribonuclease 837:848 arg1 B 850:850 ribonuclease B 837:850 ribonuclease B 837:850 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 0 2 theme dissociation 89:100 arg1 Evaluation 8:17 Evaluation 8:17 Evaluation 8:17 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 0 2 theme dissociation 89:100 arg1 comparison 23:32 comparison 23:32 comparison 23:32 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 1 3 dep dissociation 309:320 arg1 MS 388:389 MS 388:389 MS 388:389 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 3 dep dissociation 309:320 arg1 spectrometry 374:385 mass spectrometry 369:385 mass spectrometry (MS) 369:390 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 4 4 theme B 850:850 arg1 % 831:831 <90% 828:831 <90% 828:831 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 4 theme B 850:850 arg1 coverage 818:825 a high sequence coverage 802:825 a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B 802:850 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 1 5 theme top-down 283:290 arg1 ECD 323:325 ECD 323:325 ECD 323:325 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 5 theme top-down 283:290 arg1 dissociation 309:320 top-down electron-capture dissociation 283:320 top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) 283:326 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 0 6 theme top-down 106:113 arg1 analysis 115:122 top-down analysis 106:122 top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B 106:147 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 3 7 theme down 674:677 arg1 method 679:684 an effective top- down method 656:684 an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 656:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 7 theme down 674:677 arg1 techniques 621:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 1 8 gly glycosylation 191:203 arg2 site 205:208 glycosylation site 191:208 glycosylation site 191:208 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 9 theme electron-capture 292:307 arg1 ECD 323:325 ECD 323:325 ECD 323:325 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 9 theme electron-capture 292:307 arg1 dissociation 309:320 top-down electron-capture dissociation 283:320 top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) 283:326 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 2 10 theme glycan 516:521 arg1 moiety 523:528 the glycan moiety 512:528 the glycan moiety 512:528 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 3 11 theme intact 725:730 arg1 glycoprotein 732:743 intact glycoprotein 725:743 intact glycoprotein 725:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 1 12 theme protein-sequence 214:229 arg1 information 231:241 protein-sequence information 214:241 protein-sequence information 214:241 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 2 13 theme sequence 406:413 arg1 coverage 415:422 the sequence coverage 402:422 the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B 402:440 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 2 14 theme single 459:464 arg1 activation 466:475 a single activation 457:475 a single activation 457:475 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 3 15 theme structural 694:703 arg1 characterization 705:720 the structural characterization 690:720 the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 690:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 4 16 theme pre- 772:775 arg1 activation 790:799 pre- or post- ECD activation 772:799 pre- or post- ECD activation 772:799 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 0 17 theme intact 127:132 arg1 B 147:147 intact ribonuclease B 127:147 intact ribonuclease B 127:147 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 3 18 gly glycoprotein 732:743 arg1 glycoprotein 732:743 intact glycoprotein 725:743 intact glycoprotein 725:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 5 19 theme significant 1062:1072 arg1 role 1074:1077 a significant role 1060:1077 a significant role 1060:1077 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 1 20 theme glycosylation 191:203 arg1 site 205:208 glycosylation site 191:208 glycosylation site 191:208 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 21 theme mass 369:372 arg1 MS 388:389 MS 388:389 MS 388:389 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 21 theme mass 369:372 arg1 spectrometry 374:385 mass spectrometry 369:385 mass spectrometry (MS) 369:390 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 5 22 theme previous 971:978 arg1 results 980:986 previous results 971:986 previous results 971:986 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 0 23 theme B 147:147 arg1 analysis 115:122 top-down analysis 106:122 top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B 106:147 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 2 24 theme B 440:440 arg1 coverage 415:422 the sequence coverage 402:422 the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B 402:440 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 3 25 theme glycoprotein 732:743 arg1 characterization 705:720 the structural characterization 690:720 the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 690:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 0 26 theme ribonuclease 134:145 arg1 B 147:147 intact ribonuclease B 127:147 intact ribonuclease B 127:147 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 5 27 theme reduction 1030:1038 arg1 strategy 1040:1047 the disulfide bond reduction strategy 1011:1047 the disulfide bond reduction strategy 1011:1047 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 2 28 theme ribonuclease 427:438 arg1 B 440:440 ribonuclease B 427:440 ribonuclease B 427:440 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 3 29 used used 639:642 arg2 techniques 621:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 29 used used 639:642 arg2 method 679:684 an effective top- down method 656:684 an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 656:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 4 30 theme information 909:919 arg1 amounts 887:893 substantial amounts 875:893 substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety 875:941 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 30 theme information 909:919 arg1 information 909:919 structural information 898:919 structural information for the glycan moiety 898:941 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 31 theme high 804:807 arg1 % 831:831 <90% 828:831 <90% 828:831 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 31 theme high 804:807 arg1 coverage 818:825 a high sequence coverage 802:825 a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B 802:850 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 5 32 theme top-down 1112:1119 arg1 MS 1121:1122 top-down MS 1112:1122 top-down MS 1112:1122 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 4 33 theme structural 898:907 arg1 information 909:919 structural information 898:919 structural information for the glycan moiety 898:941 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 1 34 dep site 205:208 arg1 the 187:189 the 187:189 the 187:189 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 4 35 theme glycan 929:934 arg1 moiety 936:941 the glycan moiety 925:941 the glycan moiety 925:941 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 0 36 theme dissociation 55:66 arg1 Evaluation 8:17 Evaluation 8:17 Evaluation 8:17 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 0 36 theme dissociation 55:66 arg1 comparison 23:32 comparison 23:32 comparison 23:32 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 1 37 theme collision-induced 332:348 arg1 CID 364:366 CID 364:366 CID 364:366 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 1 37 theme collision-induced 332:348 arg1 dissociation 350:361 collision-induced dissociation 332:361 collision-induced dissociation (CID) 332:367 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 26353993 2 38 from information 497:507 arg1 moiety 523:528 the glycan moiety 512:528 the glycan moiety 512:528 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 0 39 theme collision-induced 37:53 arg1 dissociation 55:66 collision-induced dissociation 37:66 collision-induced dissociation 37:66 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 3 40 theme effective 659:667 arg1 method 679:684 an effective top- down method 656:684 an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 656:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 40 theme effective 659:667 arg1 techniques 621:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 4 41 theme sequence 809:816 arg1 % 831:831 <90% 828:831 <90% 828:831 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 41 theme sequence 809:816 arg1 coverage 818:825 a high sequence coverage 802:825 a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B 802:850 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 42 theme substantial 875:885 arg1 amounts 887:893 substantial amounts 875:893 substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety 875:941 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 42 theme substantial 875:885 arg1 information 909:919 structural information 898:919 structural information for the glycan moiety 898:941 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 3 43 theme top- 669:672 arg1 method 679:684 an effective top- down method 656:684 an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 656:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 43 theme top- 669:672 arg1 techniques 621:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 44 theme CID 617:619 arg1 method 679:684 an effective top- down method 656:684 an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 656:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 44 theme CID 617:619 arg1 techniques 621:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 2 45 theme previous 561:568 arg1 experiments 570:580 previous experiments 561:580 previous experiments 561:580 However, the sequence coverage of ribonuclease B was limited in a single activation, and the structural information on the glycan moiety was not probed successfully in previous experiments. 26353993 5 46 theme disulfide 1015:1023 arg1 strategy 1040:1047 the disulfide bond reduction strategy 1011:1047 the disulfide bond reduction strategy 1011:1047 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 4 47 theme post- 780:784 arg1 activation 790:799 pre- or post- ECD activation 772:799 pre- or post- ECD activation 772:799 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 4 48 theme ECD 786:788 arg1 activation 790:799 pre- or post- ECD activation 772:799 pre- or post- ECD activation 772:799 Even without an elaborate pre- or post- ECD activation, a high sequence coverage (<90%) of ribonuclease B could be achieved with substantial amounts of structural information for the glycan moiety. 26353993 0 49 theme electron-capture 72:87 arg1 dissociation 89:100 electron-capture dissociation 72:100 electron-capture dissociation 72:100 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 5 50 theme bond 1025:1028 arg1 strategy 1040:1047 the disulfide bond reduction strategy 1011:1047 the disulfide bond reduction strategy 1011:1047 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 3 51 theme ECD 609:611 arg1 method 679:684 an effective top- down method 656:684 an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein 656:743 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 3 51 theme ECD 609:611 arg1 techniques 621:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 ECD and CID techniques 609:630 Here, we demonstrate that ECD and CID techniques can be used together as an effective top- down method for the structural characterization of intact glycoprotein. 26353993 5 52 theme MS 1121:1122 arg1 efficiency 1098:1107 the efficiency 1094:1107 the efficiency of top-down MS 1094:1122 By comparing our work with previous results, it is postulated that the disulfide bond reduction strategy might play a significant role in determining the efficiency of top-down MS. 26353993 0 53 dep Letter 0:5 arg1 Evaluation 8:17 Evaluation 8:17 Evaluation 8:17 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 0 53 dep Letter 0:5 arg1 comparison 23:32 comparison 23:32 comparison 23:32 Letter: Evaluation and comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-capture dissociation for top-down analysis of intact ribonuclease B. 26353993 1 54 theme ribonuclease 265:276 arg1 B 278:278 ribonuclease B 265:278 ribonuclease B 265:278 It has been previously reported that the glycosylation site and protein-sequence information could be obtained for ribonuclease B by top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry (MS). 28921534 0 0 theme mAb 78:80 arg1 productivity 82:93 mAb productivity 78:93 mAb productivity 78:93 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 0 1 from behavior 19:26 arg1 Fc-glycosylation 99:114 Fc-glycosylation 99:114 Fc-glycosylation 99:114 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 0 1 from behavior 19:26 arg1 productivity 82:93 mAb productivity 78:93 mAb productivity 78:93 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 8 2 from expression 1508:1517 arg1 line 1578:1581 this cell line 1568:1581 this cell line 1568:1581 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 2 3 theme specific 351:358 arg1 productivity 368:379 specific protein productivity 351:379 specific protein productivity 351:379 Mild hypothermia is often introduced to overcome the low yield typically achieved with TGE and improve specific protein productivity. 28921534 8 4 theme bi-antennary 1620:1631 arg1 structures 1640:1649 bi-antennary glycan structures 1620:1649 bi-antennary glycan structures 1620:1649 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 5 5 theme % 860:860 arg1 increase 862:869 a 76% increase 856:869 a 76% increase in qP 856:875 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 4 6 theme line 670:673 arg1 ability 630:636 the ability 626:636 the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product 626:738 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 8 7 theme cell 1573:1576 arg1 line 1578:1581 this cell line 1568:1581 this cell line 1568:1581 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 6 8 theme intracellular 1040:1052 arg1 species 1071:1077 intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1040:1077 intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1040:1077 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 8 9 theme galactosyltransferases 1455:1476 arg1 upregulation 1439:1450 the upregulation 1435:1450 the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs) 1435:1484 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 5 10 from 36.5°C 896:901 arg1 TGE 889:891 TGE 889:891 TGE at 36.5°C in our system 889:915 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 5 11 theme 76 858:859 arg1 % 860:860 % 860:860 % 860:860 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 6 12 theme amino 989:993 arg1 acids 995:999 amino acids 989:999 amino acids 989:999 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 8 13 theme glycan 1633:1638 arg1 structures 1640:1649 bi-antennary glycan structures 1620:1649 bi-antennary glycan structures 1620:1649 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 6 14 theme galactosylation 1104:1118 arg1 rates 1091:1095 higher rates 1084:1095 higher rates of mAb galactosylation 1084:1118 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 3 15 dep yield 477:481 arg1 the 473:475 the 473:475 the 473:475 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 8 16 from product 1375:1381 arg1 TGE 1386:1388 TGE 1386:1388 TGE 1386:1388 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 4 17 theme recombinant 694:704 arg1 product 732:738 a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product 692:738 a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product 692:738 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 6 18 theme higher 1084:1089 arg1 rates 1091:1095 higher rates 1084:1095 higher rates of mAb galactosylation 1084:1118 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 6 19 theme acids 995:999 arg1 consumption 960:970 increased consumption 950:970 increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids 950:999 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 5 20 from increase 862:869 arg1 qP 874:875 qP 874:875 qP 874:875 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 8 21 theme further 1655:1661 arg1 processing 1663:1672 further processing 1655:1672 further processing 1655:1672 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 5 22 theme hypothermic 826:836 arg1 conditions 838:847 mild hypothermic conditions 821:847 mild hypothermic conditions 821:847 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 7 23 theme mAb 1262:1264 arg1 synthesis 1266:1274 mAb synthesis 1262:1274 mAb synthesis 1262:1274 The reduction in biomass accumulation allowed cells to redistribute their energy and resources toward mAb synthesis and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 3 24 theme mild 435:438 arg1 temperatures 452:463 mild hypothermic temperatures 435:463 mild hypothermic temperatures 435:463 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 0 25 theme cellular 10:17 arg1 behavior 19:26 cellular behavior 10:26 cellular behavior under transient gene expression 10:58 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 3 26 theme cellular 564:571 arg1 processes 573:581 cellular processes 564:581 cellular processes 564:581 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 4 27 theme hamster 651:657 arg1 line 670:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 4 28 theme antibody 717:724 arg1 product 732:738 a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product 692:738 a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product 692:738 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 4 29 theme Chinese 643:649 arg1 line 670:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 6 30 dep together 1002:1009 arg1 with 1011:1014 with 1011:1014 with 1011:1014 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 2 31 theme low 301:303 arg1 yield 305:309 the low yield 297:309 the low yield typically achieved with TGE 297:337 Mild hypothermia is often introduced to overcome the low yield typically achieved with TGE and improve specific protein productivity. 28921534 6 32 theme mAb 1100:1102 arg1 galactosylation 1104:1118 mAb galactosylation 1100:1118 mAb galactosylation 1100:1118 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 8 33 theme higher 1317:1322 arg1 capacity 1324:1331 the higher capacity 1313:1331 the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C 1313:1396 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 6 34 theme reduced 1131:1137 arg1 rate 1139:1142 a reduced rate 1129:1142 a reduced rate of cell growth 1129:1157 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 8 35 theme cells 1336:1340 arg1 capacity 1324:1331 the higher capacity 1313:1331 the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C 1313:1396 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 4 36 theme cell 665:668 arg1 line 670:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 0 37 theme gene 44:47 arg1 expression 49:58 transient gene expression 34:58 transient gene expression 34:58 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 8 38 theme increased 1498:1506 arg1 expression 1508:1517 the increased expression 1494:1517 the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing 1494:1672 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 1 39 theme fast 200:203 arg1 provision 205:213 the fast provision 196:213 the fast provision of recombinant protein material 196:245 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 8 40 theme structures 1640:1649 arg1 production 1606:1615 the production 1602:1615 the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing 1602:1672 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 8 41 dep capacity 1324:1331 arg1 galactosylate 1345:1357 galactosylate 1345:1357 to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C 1342:1396 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 3 42 theme hypothermic 440:450 arg1 temperatures 452:463 mild hypothermic temperatures 435:463 mild hypothermic temperatures 435:463 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 0 43 theme transient 34:42 arg1 expression 49:58 transient gene expression 34:58 transient gene expression 34:58 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 8 44 theme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1522:1552 arg1 expression 1508:1517 the increased expression 1494:1517 the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing 1494:1672 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 5 45 theme flux 769:772 arg1 analysis 782:789 flux balance analysis 769:789 flux balance analysis 769:789 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 0 46 from impact 68:73 arg1 Fc-glycosylation 99:114 Fc-glycosylation 99:114 Fc-glycosylation 99:114 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 0 46 from impact 68:73 arg1 productivity 82:93 mAb productivity 78:93 mAb productivity 78:93 Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 3 47 theme temperatures 452:463 arg1 impact 425:430 the impact 421:430 the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism 421:596 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 5 48 theme balance 774:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 flux balance analysis 769:789 flux balance analysis 769:789 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 6 49 theme nucleotide 1054:1063 arg1 species 1071:1077 intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1040:1077 intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1040:1077 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 1 50 theme Transient 117:125 arg1 expression 132:141 Transient gene expression 117:141 Transient gene expression (TGE) 117:147 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 1 50 theme Transient 117:125 arg1 methodology 154:164 a methodology 152:164 a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material 152:245 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 1 50 theme Transient 117:125 arg1 TGE 144:146 TGE 144:146 TGE 144:146 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 8 51 theme recombinant 1363:1373 arg1 product 1375:1381 the recombinant product 1359:1381 the recombinant product in TGE 1359:1388 Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi-antennary glycan structures for further processing. 28921534 1 52 theme gene 127:130 arg1 expression 132:141 Transient gene expression 117:141 Transient gene expression (TGE) 117:147 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 1 52 theme gene 127:130 arg1 methodology 154:164 a methodology 152:164 a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material 152:245 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 1 52 theme gene 127:130 arg1 TGE 144:146 TGE 144:146 TGE 144:146 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 3 53 from changes 553:559 arg1 metabolism 587:596 metabolism 587:596 metabolism 587:596 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 3 53 from changes 553:559 arg1 processes 573:581 cellular processes 564:581 cellular processes 564:581 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 6 54 theme growth 1152:1157 arg1 rate 1139:1142 a reduced rate 1129:1142 a reduced rate of cell growth 1129:1157 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 4 55 theme ovary 659:663 arg1 line 670:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 a Chinese hamster ovary cell line 641:673 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 4 56 theme monoclonal 706:715 arg1 mAb 727:729 mAb 727:729 mAb 727:729 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 4 56 theme monoclonal 706:715 arg1 antibody 717:724 monoclonal antibody 706:724 a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product 692:738 In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. 28921534 6 57 theme species 1071:1077 arg1 production 1026:1035 increased production 1016:1035 increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1016:1077 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 6 58 theme nutrients 975:983 arg1 consumption 960:970 increased consumption 950:970 increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids 950:999 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 5 59 from TGE 814:816 arg1 conditions 838:847 mild hypothermic conditions 821:847 mild hypothermic conditions 821:847 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 7 60 from reduction 1164:1172 arg1 accumulation 1185:1196 biomass accumulation 1177:1196 biomass accumulation 1177:1196 The reduction in biomass accumulation allowed cells to redistribute their energy and resources toward mAb synthesis and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 6 61 theme cell 1147:1150 arg1 growth 1152:1157 cell growth 1147:1157 cell growth 1147:1157 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 2 62 theme protein 360:366 arg1 productivity 368:379 specific protein productivity 351:379 specific protein productivity 351:379 Mild hypothermia is often introduced to overcome the low yield typically achieved with TGE and improve specific protein productivity. 28921534 5 63 from TGE 889:891 arg1 system 910:915 our system 906:915 our system 906:915 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 1 64 theme recombinant 218:228 arg1 material 238:245 recombinant protein material 218:245 recombinant protein material 218:245 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 5 65 theme mild 821:824 arg1 conditions 838:847 mild hypothermic conditions 821:847 mild hypothermic conditions 821:847 Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. 28921534 2 66 theme Mild 248:251 arg1 hypothermia 253:263 Mild hypothermia 248:263 Mild hypothermia 248:263 Mild hypothermia is often introduced to overcome the low yield typically achieved with TGE and improve specific protein productivity. 28921534 3 67 from impact 425:430 arg1 relationship 537:548 the relationship 533:548 the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism 533:596 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 3 67 from impact 425:430 arg1 quality 487:493 quality 487:493 quality 487:493 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 3 67 from impact 425:430 arg1 yield 477:481 yield 477:481 yield 477:481 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 3 68 theme expressed 510:518 arg1 proteins 520:527 transiently expressed proteins 498:527 transiently expressed proteins 498:527 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 6 69 theme increased 1016:1024 arg1 production 1026:1035 increased production 1016:1035 increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1016:1077 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 1 70 theme protein 230:236 arg1 material 238:245 recombinant protein material 218:245 recombinant protein material 218:245 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 28921534 6 71 theme sugar 1065:1069 arg1 species 1071:1077 intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1040:1077 intracellular nucleotide sugar species 1040:1077 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 6 72 theme increased 950:958 arg1 consumption 960:970 increased consumption 950:970 increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids 950:999 This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. 28921534 3 73 theme proteins 520:527 arg1 relationship 537:548 the relationship 533:548 the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism 533:596 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 3 73 theme proteins 520:527 arg1 quality 487:493 quality 487:493 quality 487:493 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 3 73 theme proteins 520:527 arg1 yield 477:481 yield 477:481 yield 477:481 It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. 28921534 7 74 theme biomass 1177:1183 arg1 accumulation 1185:1196 biomass accumulation 1177:1196 biomass accumulation 1177:1196 The reduction in biomass accumulation allowed cells to redistribute their energy and resources toward mAb synthesis and Fc-glycosylation. 28921534 1 75 theme material 238:245 arg1 provision 205:213 the fast provision 196:213 the fast provision of recombinant protein material 196:245 Transient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. 27532636 5 0 theme other 1233:1237 arg1 factors 1247:1253 other climate factors 1233:1253 other climate factors 1233:1253 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 1 theme probability 476:486 arg1 parameters 492:501 the probability (P) parameters 472:501 the probability (P) parameters 472:501 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 1 2 theme biomass 277:283 arg1 saccharification 285:300 high biomass saccharification 272:300 high biomass saccharification 272:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 4 3 theme P 814:814 arg1 value 816:820 the maximum P value 802:820 the maximum P value 802:820 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 4 theme original 914:921 arg1 locations 923:931 the original locations 910:931 |the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 910:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 5 theme major 1612:1616 arg1 factors 1618:1624 the major factors 1608:1624 the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility 1608:1721 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 5 theme major 1612:1616 arg1 they 1593:1596 they 1593:1596 they 1593:1596 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 6 with factors 630:636 arg1 values 661:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 7 theme biomass 1370:1376 arg1 saccharification 1378:1393 biomass saccharification 1370:1393 biomass saccharification 1370:1393 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 8 with East 1083:1086 arg1 saccharification 1106:1121 high biomass saccharification 1093:1121 high biomass saccharification 1093:1121 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 2 9 theme natural 328:334 arg1 accessions 347:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 In this study, total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions were geographically mapped using public database. 27532636 3 10 with China 611:615 arg1 values 661:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 11 theme high 963:966 arg1 values 978:983 |high P(H||East) values| 963:983 |high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 963:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 11 theme high 963:966 arg1 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 12 theme high 1696:1699 arg1 digestibility 1709:1721 high biomass digestibility 1696:1721 high biomass digestibility 1696:1721 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 2 13 theme total 318:322 arg1 accessions 347:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 In this study, total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions were geographically mapped using public database. 27532636 5 14 theme averaged 1141:1148 arg1 insolation 1150:1159 the averaged insolation 1137:1159 the averaged insolation 1137:1159 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 15 theme accessions 1680:1689 arg1 distributions 1652:1664 geographic distributions 1641:1664 geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility 1641:1721 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 16 theme accessions 585:594 arg1 distributions 557:569 geographical distributions 544:569 geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions 544:790 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 1 17 theme natural 227:233 arg1 accessions 256:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions 216:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification 216:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 3 18 theme 1 709:709 arg1 % 710:710 % 710:710 % 710:710 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 1 19 theme bioenergy 136:144 arg1 candidate 146:154 a leading bioenergy candidate 126:154 a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels 126:167 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 1 19 theme bioenergy 136:144 arg1 Miscanthus 112:121 Miscanthus 112:121 Miscanthus 112:121 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 4 20 theme golden 825:830 arg1 line 840:843 a golden cutting line 823:843 a golden cutting line 823:843 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 21 theme hemicelluloses 1463:1476 arg1 level 1478:1482 hemicelluloses level 1463:1482 hemicelluloses level 1463:1482 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 22 theme H2SO4 724:728 arg1 pretreatments 730:742 1% H2SO4 pretreatments 721:742 1% H2SO4 pretreatments 721:742 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 3 23 theme climate 773:779 arg1 conditions 781:790 climate conditions 773:790 climate conditions 773:790 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 3 24 theme 1 721:721 arg1 % 722:722 % 722:722 % 722:722 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 0 25 theme Varied 69:74 arg1 Saccharification 94:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 6 26 theme relative 1553:1560 arg1 values 1569:1574 relative high P values 1553:1574 relative high P values 1553:1574 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 0 27 theme Enzymatic 84:92 arg1 Saccharification 94:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 4 28 with accessions 947:956 arg1 values 978:983 |high P(H||East) values| 963:983 |high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 963:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 28 with accessions 947:956 arg1 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 29 theme accessions 1532:1541 arg1 CrI 1513:1515 CrI 1513:1515 CrI 1513:1515 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 29 theme accessions 1532:1541 arg1 level 1478:1482 hemicelluloses level 1463:1482 hemicelluloses level 1463:1482 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 29 theme accessions 1532:1541 arg1 crystallinity 1498:1510 cellulose crystallinity 1488:1510 cellulose crystallinity (CrI) 1488:1516 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 30 theme wall 1435:1438 arg1 polymer 1440:1446 wall polymer 1435:1446 wall polymer 1435:1446 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 31 dep [P 434:435 arg1 |H/L||| 437:440 |H/L||| 437:440 |H/L||| 437:440 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 3 32 theme P 450:450 arg1 /P 461:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P 448:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P(East) 448:468 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 33 from located 1068:1074 arg1 East 1083:1086 East 1083:1086 East 1083:1086 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 34 located located 1068:1074 arg2 accessions 1041:1050 more than 90% Miscanthus accessions 1016:1050 more than 90% Miscanthus accessions 1016:1050 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 34 located located 1068:1074 arg1 East 1083:1086 East 1083:1086 East 1083:1086 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 35 dep |H/L||| 437:440 arg1 /P 461:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P 448:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P(East) 448:468 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 36 theme Miscanthus 1030:1039 arg1 accessions 1041:1050 more than 90% Miscanthus accessions 1016:1050 more than 90% Miscanthus accessions 1016:1050 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 0 37 theme Distinct 0:7 arg1 Distribution 22:33 Distinct Geographical Distribution 0:33 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 0:110 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 4 38 from E 905:905 arg1 locations 923:931 the original locations 910:931 |the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 910:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 39 theme cell 1408:1411 arg1 wall 1413:1416 cell wall compositions and wall polymer features 1408:1455 wall 1413:1416 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 40 theme related 622:628 arg1 saccahrification 686:701 biomass saccahrification 678:701 biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions 678:790 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 3 40 theme related 622:628 arg1 factors 630:636 related factors 622:636 related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions 622:790 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 41 theme high 1168:1171 arg1 values 1198:1203 |high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values| 1168:1203 |high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values| 1168:1203 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 42 theme H/L∩East 452:459 arg1 /P 461:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P 448:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P(East) 448:468 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 0 43 with Distribution 22:33 arg1 Saccharification 94:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 0 44 theme Accessions 53:62 arg1 Distribution 22:33 Distinct Geographical Distribution 0:33 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 0:110 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 4 45 theme Miscanthus 936:945 arg1 accessions 947:956 Miscanthus accessions 936:956 |Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 936:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 46 theme P 1567:1567 arg1 values 1569:1574 relative high P values 1553:1574 relative high P values 1553:1574 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 5 47 theme averaged 1301:1308 arg1 insolation 1310:1319 the averaged insolation 1297:1319 the averaged insolation 1297:1319 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 5 47 theme averaged 1301:1308 arg1 factor 1331:1336 unique factor 1324:1336 unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification 1324:1393 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 1 48 theme Miscanthus 235:244 arg1 accessions 256:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions 216:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification 216:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 1 49 with accessions 256:265 arg1 saccharification 285:300 high biomass saccharification 272:300 high biomass saccharification 272:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 4 50 theme biomass 1098:1104 arg1 saccharification 1106:1121 high biomass saccharification 1093:1121 high biomass saccharification 1093:1121 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 5 51 theme P 1188:1188 arg1 values 1198:1203 |high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values| 1168:1203 |high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values| 1168:1203 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 52 theme low 654:656 arg1 values 661:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 2 53 theme public 391:396 arg1 database 398:405 public database 391:405 public database 391:405 In this study, total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions were geographically mapped using public database. 27532636 1 54 theme high 272:275 arg1 saccharification 285:300 high biomass saccharification 272:300 high biomass saccharification 272:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 5 55 theme Miscanthus 1341:1350 arg1 distributions 1352:1364 Miscanthus distributions 1341:1364 Miscanthus distributions 1341:1364 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 5 56 theme climate 1239:1245 arg1 factors 1247:1253 other climate factors 1233:1253 other climate factors 1233:1253 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 57 dep high 643:646 arg1 H 648:648 H 648:648 H 648:648 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 58 theme maximum 806:812 arg1 value 816:820 the maximum P value 802:820 the maximum P value 802:820 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 2 59 theme Miscanthus 336:345 arg1 accessions 347:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 In this study, total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions were geographically mapped using public database. 27532636 3 60 theme high 643:646 arg1 values 661:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 high(H) or low(L) values 643:666 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 61 theme P 968:968 arg1 values 978:983 |high P(H||East) values| 963:983 |high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 963:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 61 theme P 968:968 arg1 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 62 theme biomass 1701:1707 arg1 digestibility 1709:1721 high biomass digestibility 1696:1721 high biomass digestibility 1696:1721 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 2 63 theme 171 324:326 arg1 accessions 347:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions 318:356 In this study, total 171 natural Miscanthus accessions were geographically mapped using public database. 27532636 3 64 theme geographical 544:555 arg1 distributions 557:569 geographical distributions 544:569 geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions 544:790 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 65 theme cutting 832:838 arg1 line 840:843 a golden cutting line 823:843 a golden cutting line 823:843 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 66 theme |H||East| 970:975 arg1 values 978:983 |high P(H||East) values| 963:983 |high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 963:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 66 theme |H||East| 970:975 arg1 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 0.800-0.813 986:996 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 4 67 dep % 1028:1028 arg1 90 1026:1027 90 1026:1027 90 1026:1027 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 68 theme biomass 678:684 arg1 saccahrification 686:701 biomass saccahrification 678:701 biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions 678:790 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 3 69 theme Miscanthus 574:583 arg1 accessions 585:594 Miscanthus accessions 574:594 Miscanthus accessions 574:594 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 1 70 theme desire 220:225 arg1 accessions 256:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions 216:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification 216:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 6 71 theme cellulose 1488:1496 arg1 CrI 1513:1515 CrI 1513:1515 CrI 1513:1515 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 71 theme cellulose 1488:1496 arg1 crystallinity 1498:1510 cellulose crystallinity 1488:1510 cellulose crystallinity (CrI) 1488:1516 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 72 theme Miscanthus 1669:1678 arg1 accessions 1680:1689 Miscanthus accessions 1669:1689 Miscanthus accessions 1669:1689 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 4 73 dep E 882:882 arg1 to 884:885 to 884:885 to 884:885 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 1 74 theme leading 128:134 arg1 candidate 146:154 a leading bioenergy candidate 126:154 a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels 126:167 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 1 74 theme leading 128:134 arg1 Miscanthus 112:121 Miscanthus 112:121 Miscanthus 112:121 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 3 75 theme % 710:710 arg1 NaOH 712:715 1% NaOH 709:715 1% NaOH 709:715 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 0 76 theme Biomass 76:82 arg1 Saccharification 94:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification 69:109 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 6 77 theme high 1562:1565 arg1 values 1569:1574 relative high P values 1553:1574 relative high P values 1553:1574 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 78 theme % 722:722 arg1 pretreatments 730:742 1% H2SO4 pretreatments 721:742 1% H2SO4 pretreatments 721:742 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 79 from factor 1331:1336 arg1 distributions 1352:1364 Miscanthus distributions 1341:1364 Miscanthus distributions 1341:1364 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 80 theme polymer 1440:1446 arg1 terms 1399:1403 terms 1399:1403 terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features 1399:1455 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 4 81 from East 1083:1086 arg1 located 1068:1074 located 1068:1074 located 1068:1074 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 82 theme Miscanthus 1521:1530 arg1 accessions 1532:1541 Miscanthus accessions 1521:1541 Miscanthus accessions 1521:1541 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 5 83 theme P 1173:1173 arg1 values 1198:1203 |high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values| 1168:1203 |high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values| 1168:1203 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 84 theme lignocellulose 745:758 arg1 features 760:767 lignocellulose features 745:767 lignocellulose features 745:767 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 85 theme P 1263:1263 arg1 values 1273:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 0 86 theme Geographical 9:20 arg1 Distribution 22:33 Distinct Geographical Distribution 0:33 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 0:110 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 6 87 theme wall 1413:1416 arg1 terms 1399:1403 terms 1399:1403 terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features 1399:1455 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 88 dep wall 1413:1416 arg1 compositions 1418:1429 compositions 1418:1429 compositions 1418:1429 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 6 88 dep wall 1413:1416 arg1 features 1448:1455 features 1448:1455 features 1448:1455 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 89 theme equation 425:432 arg1 [P 434:435 the equation [P 421:435 |the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)]| 421:469 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 90 theme |East||H| 1265:1270 arg1 values 1273:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 5 91 theme low 1259:1261 arg1 values 1273:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 92 from distributions 557:569 arg1 East 603:606 East 603:606 East 603:606 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 3 93 theme = 448:448 arg1 /P 461:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P 448:462 = P(H/L∩East)/P(East) 448:468 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 94 theme unique 1324:1329 arg1 insolation 1310:1319 the averaged insolation 1297:1319 the averaged insolation 1297:1319 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 5 94 theme unique 1324:1329 arg1 factor 1331:1336 unique factor 1324:1336 unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification 1324:1393 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 0 95 theme Miscanthus 42:51 arg1 Accessions 53:62 the Miscanthus Accessions 38:62 the Miscanthus Accessions 38:62 Distinct Geographical Distribution of the Miscanthus Accessions with Varied Biomass Enzymatic Saccharification. 27532636 3 96 dep low 654:656 arg1 L 658:658 L 658:658 L 658:658 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 5 97 contain had 1255:1257 arg2 values 1273:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |low P(East||H) values| 1259:1278 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 5 97 contain had 1255:1257 arg1 factors 1247:1253 other climate factors 1233:1253 other climate factors 1233:1253 |Furthermore, the averaged insolation showed high P (H||East) and P(East||H) values at 0.782 and 0.754, whereas other climate factors had low P(East||H) values, suggesting that the averaged insolation is unique factor on Miscanthus distributions for biomass saccharification.| 27532636 3 98 theme China 611:615 arg1 East 603:606 East 603:606 East 603:606 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 99 theme high 1093:1096 arg1 saccharification 1106:1121 high biomass saccharification 1093:1121 high biomass saccharification 1093:1121 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 100 with distributions 1652:1664 arg1 digestibility 1709:1721 high biomass digestibility 1696:1721 high biomass digestibility 1696:1721 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 27532636 3 101 theme factors 630:636 arg1 East 603:606 East 603:606 East 603:606 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 102 dep accessions 1041:1050 arg1 % 1028:1028 % 1028:1028 % 1028:1028 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 1 103 theme germplasm 246:254 arg1 accessions 256:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions 216:265 the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification 216:300 Miscanthus is a leading bioenergy candidate for biofuels, and it thus becomes essential to characterize the desire natural Miscanthus germplasm accessions with high biomass saccharification. 27532636 3 104 dep /P 461:462 arg1 East 464:467 East 464:467 East 464:467 |According to the equation [P(H/L|| East) = P(H/L∩East)/P(East)], the probability (P) parameters were calculated on relationships between geographical distributions of Miscanthus accessions in the East of China, and related factors with high(H) or low(L) values including biomass saccahrification under 1% NaOH and 1% H2SO4 pretreatments, lignocellulose features and climate conditions.| 27532636 4 105 theme accessions 947:956 arg1 locations 923:931 the original locations 910:931 |the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813)| 910:997 |Based on the maximum P value, a golden cutting line was generated from 42°25' N, 108°22' E to 22°58' N, 116°28' E on the original locations of Miscanthus accessions with high P(H||East) values (0.800-0.813), indicating that more than 90% Miscanthus accessions were originally located in the East with high biomass saccharification.| 27532636 6 106 theme geographic 1641:1650 arg1 distributions 1652:1664 geographic distributions 1641:1664 geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility 1641:1721 In terms of cell wall compositions and wall polymer features, both hemicelluloses level and cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of Miscanthus accessions exhibited relative high P values, suggesting that they should be the major factors accounting for geographic distributions of Miscanthus accessions with high biomass digestibility. 29292146 6 0 theme β-D-GlcpA 973:981 arg1 residues 983:990 terminal β-D-GlcpA residues 964:990 terminal β-D-GlcpA residues 964:990 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 1 theme I-type 905:910 arg1 backbone 912:919 a RG I-type backbone 900:919 a RG I-type backbone with branching 900:934 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 3 2 theme glucuronic 512:521 arg1 2:1:2:1 529:535 2:1:2:1 529:535 2:1:2:1 529:535 Lacebark mucilage was composed of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1). 29292146 3 2 theme glucuronic 512:521 arg1 acid 523:526 glucuronic acid 512:526 glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1) 512:536 Lacebark mucilage was composed of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1). 29292146 6 3 link α-linked 1143:1150 arg1 4-Galp 1152:1157 α-linked 4-Galp 1143:1157 α-linked 4-Galp 1143:1157 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 4 contain containing 1132:1141 arg2 residues 1178:1185 terminal GalpA residues 1163:1185 terminal GalpA residues 1163:1185 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 4 contain containing 1132:1141 arg1 oligosaccharides 1115:1130 oligosaccharides 1115:1130 oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues 1115:1185 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 4 contain containing 1132:1141 arg2 4-Galp 1152:1157 α-linked 4-Galp 1143:1157 α-linked 4-Galp 1143:1157 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 5 theme Rhap 1071:1074 arg1 residues 1076:1083 the Rhap residues 1067:1083 the Rhap residues 1067:1083 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 6 theme RG 902:903 arg1 backbone 912:919 a RG I-type backbone 900:919 a RG I-type backbone with branching 900:934 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 2 7 theme anion 300:304 arg1 chromatography 315:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography 283:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 283:336 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 7 theme anion 300:304 arg1 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 7 8 theme third 1199:1203 arg1 domain 1205:1210 A possible third domain 1188:1210 A possible third domain 1188:1210 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 6 9 theme α-linked 1143:1150 arg1 4-Galp 1152:1157 α-linked 4-Galp 1143:1157 α-linked 4-Galp 1143:1157 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 10 contain contains 1011:1018 arg1 another 993:999 another 993:999 another 993:999 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 10 contain contains 1011:1018 arg2 backbone 1032:1039 a RG I-type backbone 1020:1039 a RG I-type backbone 1020:1039 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 2 11 theme performance 288:298 arg1 chromatography 315:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography 283:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 283:336 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 11 theme performance 288:298 arg1 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 4 12 theme -α-D-GalpA-[1→2 698:712 arg1 -α-L-Rhap-[1→ 714:726 →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→ 695:726 →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→ 695:726 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 3 13 theme galacturonic 490:501 arg1 acid 503:506 galacturonic acid 490:506 galacturonic acid 490:506 Lacebark mucilage was composed of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1). 29292146 4 14 dep -α-L-Rhap-[1→ 714:726 arg1 →4 695:696 →4 695:696 →4 695:696 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 6 15 with backbone 912:919 arg1 branching 926:934 branching 926:934 branching 926:934 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 2 16 theme high 283:286 arg1 chromatography 315:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography 283:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 283:336 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 16 theme high 283:286 arg1 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 17 theme nuclear 388:394 arg1 NMR 416:418 NMR 416:418 NMR 416:418 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 17 theme nuclear 388:394 arg1 resonance 405:413 nuclear magnetic resonance 388:413 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 388:432 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 18 theme resonance 405:413 arg1 spectroscopy 421:432 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 388:432 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 388:432 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 4 19 theme linkage 576:582 arg1 analysis 584:591 linkage analysis 576:591 linkage analysis 576:591 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 8 20 theme entangled 1362:1370 arg1 network 1383:1389 an entangled biopolymer network 1359:1389 an entangled biopolymer network 1359:1389 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 2 21 theme magnetic 396:403 arg1 NMR 416:418 NMR 416:418 NMR 416:418 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 21 theme magnetic 396:403 arg1 resonance 405:413 nuclear magnetic resonance 388:413 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 388:432 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 5 22 theme several 798:804 arg1 domains 828:834 several structurally discrete domains 798:834 several structurally discrete domains 798:834 Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. 29292146 6 23 theme GalpA 946:950 arg1 residues 952:959 GalpA residues 946:959 GalpA residues 946:959 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 24 theme terminal 964:971 arg1 residues 983:990 terminal β-D-GlcpA residues 964:990 terminal β-D-GlcpA residues 964:990 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 1 25 theme Hoheria 168:174 arg1 populnea 176:183 Hoheria populnea 168:183 Hoheria populnea 168:183 A water-soluble mucilage extracted from the leaves of Hoheria populnea was chemically and physically studied. 29292146 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 studies 27:33 Structural and rheological studies 0:33 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark 0:76 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.) 29292146 4 27 theme 13C 550:552 arg1 spectroscopy 558:569 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy 539:569 spectroscopy 558:569 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 1 28 dep the 154:156 arg1 leaves 158:163 leaves 158:163 leaves 158:163 A water-soluble mucilage extracted from the leaves of Hoheria populnea was chemically and physically studied. 29292146 8 29 theme biopolymer 1372:1381 arg1 network 1383:1389 an entangled biopolymer network 1359:1389 an entangled biopolymer network 1359:1389 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 3 30 theme Lacebark 435:442 arg1 mucilage 444:451 Lacebark mucilage 435:451 Lacebark mucilage 435:451 Lacebark mucilage was composed of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid (2:1:2:1). 29292146 5 31 theme discrete 819:826 arg1 domains 828:834 several structurally discrete domains 798:834 several structurally discrete domains 798:834 Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. 29292146 4 32 theme -α-L-Rhap-[1→ 714:726 arg1 backbone 683:690 a backbone 681:690 a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→ 681:726 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 8 33 theme pseudoplastic 1299:1311 arg1 behaviour 1318:1326 pseudoplastic flow behaviour 1299:1326 pseudoplastic flow behaviour 1299:1326 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 8 34 theme viscoelastic 1332:1343 arg1 properties 1345:1354 viscoelastic properties 1332:1354 viscoelastic properties 1332:1354 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 4 35 theme I-type 638:643 arg1 structure 657:665 a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure 603:665 a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→ 603:726 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 0 36 dep leaves 78:83 arg1 Cunn 106:109 Cunn 106:109 Cunn 106:109 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.) 29292146 6 37 theme residues 952:959 arg1 O-3 939:941 O-3 939:941 O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues 939:990 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 38 theme terminal 1163:1170 arg1 residues 1178:1185 terminal GalpA residues 1163:1185 terminal GalpA residues 1163:1185 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 2 39 theme exchange 306:313 arg1 chromatography 315:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography 283:328 high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) 283:336 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 39 theme exchange 306:313 arg1 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 HPAEC 331:335 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 5 40 theme discrete 862:869 arg1 polymer 871:877 more than one discrete polymer 848:877 more than one discrete polymer 848:877 Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. 29292146 4 41 theme NMR 554:556 arg1 spectroscopy 558:569 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy 539:569 spectroscopy 558:569 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 8 42 theme Hydrated 1271:1278 arg1 mucilage 1280:1287 Hydrated mucilage 1271:1287 Hydrated mucilage 1271:1287 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 6 43 theme GalpA 1172:1176 arg1 residues 1178:1185 terminal GalpA residues 1163:1185 terminal GalpA residues 1163:1185 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 44 contain contains 891:898 arg1 O-3 939:941 O-3 939:941 O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues 939:990 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 44 contain contains 891:898 arg2 backbone 912:919 a RG I-type backbone 900:919 a RG I-type backbone with branching 900:934 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 44 contain contains 891:898 arg1 domain 884:889 One domain 880:889 One domain 880:889 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 44 contain contains 891:898 arg2 domain 884:889 One domain 880:889 One domain 880:889 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 0 45 from lacebark 69:76 arg1 studies 27:33 Structural and rheological studies 0:33 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark 0:76 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.) 29292146 2 46 theme Monosaccharide 224:237 arg1 composition 239:249 Monosaccharide composition 224:249 Monosaccharide composition 224:249 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 6 47 theme I-type 1025:1030 arg1 backbone 1032:1039 a RG I-type backbone 1020:1039 a RG I-type backbone 1020:1039 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 0 48 theme mucilage 55:62 arg1 studies 27:33 Structural and rheological studies 0:33 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark 0:76 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.) 29292146 7 49 theme possible 1190:1197 arg1 domain 1205:1210 A possible third domain 1188:1210 A possible third domain 1188:1210 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 4 50 dep I-type 638:643 arg1 RG 646:647 RG I-type 646:654 RG I-type 646:654 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 8 51 theme network 1383:1389 arg1 behaviour 1318:1326 pseudoplastic flow behaviour 1299:1326 pseudoplastic flow behaviour 1299:1326 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 8 51 theme network 1383:1389 arg1 properties 1345:1354 viscoelastic properties 1332:1354 viscoelastic properties 1332:1354 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 2 52 theme chromatography-mass 343:361 arg1 GC-MS 377:381 GC-MS 377:381 GC-MS 377:381 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 52 theme chromatography-mass 343:361 arg1 spectrometry 363:374 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 339:374 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 339:382 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 0 53 theme polysaccharide 40:53 arg1 mucilage 55:62 a polysaccharide mucilage 38:62 a polysaccharide mucilage 38:62 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.) 29292146 4 54 theme Proton 539:544 arg1 spectroscopy 558:569 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy 539:569 spectroscopy 558:569 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 9 55 theme end-product 1495:1505 arg1 applications 1507:1518 potential end-product applications 1485:1518 potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals 1485:1549 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 9 55 theme end-product 1495:1505 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1535:1549 oral pharmaceuticals 1530:1549 oral pharmaceuticals 1530:1549 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 2 56 theme gas 339:341 arg1 GC-MS 377:381 GC-MS 377:381 GC-MS 377:381 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 2 56 theme gas 339:341 arg1 spectrometry 363:374 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 339:374 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 339:382 Monosaccharide composition and linkages were determined by high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 29292146 9 57 theme rheological 1398:1408 arg1 behaviours 1410:1419 These rheological behaviours 1392:1419 These rheological behaviours 1392:1419 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 9 58 theme oral 1530:1533 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1535:1549 oral pharmaceuticals 1530:1549 oral pharmaceuticals 1530:1549 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 9 59 theme food 1559:1562 arg1 ingredient 1564:1573 a food ingredient 1557:1573 a food ingredient 1557:1573 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 6 60 theme GalpA 1097:1101 arg1 residues 1103:1110 terminal GalpA residues 1088:1110 terminal GalpA residues 1088:1110 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 61 theme terminal 1088:1095 arg1 residues 1103:1110 terminal GalpA residues 1088:1110 terminal GalpA residues 1088:1110 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 62 theme RG 1022:1023 arg1 backbone 1032:1039 a RG I-type backbone 1020:1039 a RG I-type backbone 1020:1039 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 5 63 dep polymer 779:785 arg1 containing 787:796 containing 787:796 containing several structurally discrete domains 787:834 Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. 29292146 5 63 dep polymer 779:785 arg1 polymer 871:877 more than one discrete polymer 848:877 more than one discrete polymer 848:877 Data indicated the mucilage likely comprises of a polymer containing several structurally discrete domains or possibly more than one discrete polymer. 29292146 7 64 contain contains 1212:1219 arg2 residues 1239:1246 contiguous 2-Rhap residues 1221:1246 contiguous 2-Rhap residues 1221:1246 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 7 64 contain contains 1212:1219 arg1 domain 1205:1210 A possible third domain 1188:1210 A possible third domain 1188:1210 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 7 64 contain contains 1212:1219 arg2 some 1249:1252 some 1249:1252 some 1249:1252 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 1 65 theme water-soluble 116:128 arg1 mucilage 130:137 A water-soluble mucilage 114:137 A water-soluble mucilage extracted from the leaves of Hoheria populnea 114:183 A water-soluble mucilage extracted from the leaves of Hoheria populnea was chemically and physically studied. 29292146 8 66 theme flow 1313:1316 arg1 behaviour 1318:1326 pseudoplastic flow behaviour 1299:1326 pseudoplastic flow behaviour 1299:1326 Hydrated mucilage exhibited pseudoplastic flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties of an entangled biopolymer network. 29292146 7 67 theme contiguous 1221:1230 arg1 some 1249:1252 some 1249:1252 some 1249:1252 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 7 67 theme contiguous 1221:1230 arg1 residues 1239:1246 contiguous 2-Rhap residues 1221:1246 contiguous 2-Rhap residues 1221:1246 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 9 68 theme potential 1485:1493 arg1 applications 1507:1518 potential end-product applications 1485:1518 potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals 1485:1549 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 9 68 theme potential 1485:1493 arg1 pharmaceuticals 1535:1549 oral pharmaceuticals 1530:1549 oral pharmaceuticals 1530:1549 These rheological behaviours were only slightly affected by pH and may prove advantageous in potential end-product applications including oral pharmaceuticals or as a food ingredient. 29292146 4 69 theme I-type 649:654 arg1 RG 646:647 RG I-type 646:654 RG I-type 646:654 Proton and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and linkage analysis, revealed a predominantly rhamnogalacturonan I-type (RG I-type) structure comprising of a backbone of →4]-α-D-GalpA-[1→2]-α-L-Rhap-[1→. 29292146 7 70 theme 2-Rhap 1232:1237 arg1 some 1249:1252 some 1249:1252 some 1249:1252 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 7 70 theme 2-Rhap 1232:1237 arg1 residues 1239:1246 contiguous 2-Rhap residues 1221:1246 contiguous 2-Rhap residues 1221:1246 A possible third domain contains contiguous 2-Rhap residues, some branched at O-3. 29292146 0 71 theme rheological 15:25 arg1 studies 27:33 Structural and rheological studies 0:33 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark 0:76 Structural and rheological studies of a polysaccharide mucilage from lacebark leaves (Hoheria populnea A. Cunn.) 29292146 6 72 theme residues 1076:1083 arg1 oligosaccharides 1115:1130 oligosaccharides 1115:1130 oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues 1115:1185 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 29292146 6 72 theme residues 1076:1083 arg1 O-4 1060:1062 O-4 1060:1062 O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues 1060:1110 One domain contains a RG I-type backbone with branching at O-3 of GalpA residues to terminal β-D-GlcpA residues, another similarly contains a RG I-type backbone but is branched at O-4 of the Rhap residues to terminal GalpA residues or oligosaccharides containing α-linked 4-Galp and terminal GalpA residues. 27074949 0 0 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 formation 34:42 formation 34:42 formation 34:42 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 0 0 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 1 1 theme Cordyceps 308:316 arg1 gunnii 318:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 6 2 theme highest 970:976 arg1 content 1009:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 1 3 theme molecular 211:219 arg1 distribution 228:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 2 4 theme improved 453:460 arg1 production 466:475 remarkably improved IPS production 442:475 remarkably improved IPS production 442:475 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 5 theme IPS 462:464 arg1 production 466:475 remarkably improved IPS production 442:475 remarkably improved IPS production 442:475 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 6 6 contain had 962:964 arg2 activity 1031:1038 antitumor activity 1021:1038 antitumor activity 1021:1038 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 6 6 contain had 962:964 arg2 content 1009:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 6 6 contain had 962:964 arg1 IPS 958:960 the IPS 954:960 the IPS 954:960 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 1 7 theme weight 221:226 arg1 distribution 228:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 0 8 theme Cordyceps 89:97 arg1 gunnii 99:104 Cordyceps gunnii 89:104 Cordyceps gunnii 89:104 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 0 9 from Effects 0:6 arg1 formation 34:42 formation 34:42 formation 34:42 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 0 9 from Effects 0:6 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 4 10 theme IPS 811:813 arg1 formation 815:823 IPS formation 811:823 IPS formation 811:823 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 3 11 theme sucrose 487:493 arg1 % 516:516 2.0% 513:516 2.0% 513:516 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 3 11 theme sucrose 487:493 arg1 concentration 495:507 the sucrose concentration 483:507 the sucrose concentration 483:507 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 5 12 theme IPS 880:882 arg1 yield 859:863 the yield 855:863 the yield of mycelia and IPS 855:882 It found that the yield of mycelia and IPS were both reached to the highest at a C/N ratio of 10:3. 27074949 1 13 theme distribution 228:239 arg1 growth 192:197 the growth 188:197 the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 188:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 6 14 theme polysaccharide 994:1007 arg1 content 1009:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 7 15 theme molecular 1153:1161 arg1 distribution 1170:1181 molecular weight distribution 1153:1181 molecular weight distribution 1153:1181 Thus, there was a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii. 27074949 4 16 theme source 778:783 arg1 matter 785:790 carbon source matter 771:790 carbon source matter 771:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 17 from effects 699:705 arg1 mycelia 799:805 mycelia 799:805 mycelia 799:805 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 17 from effects 699:705 arg1 formation 815:823 IPS formation 811:823 IPS formation 811:823 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 18 theme carbon/nitrogen 720:734 arg1 ratios 742:747 different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios 710:747 different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter 710:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 2 19 theme mycelia 423:429 arg1 growth 431:436 mycelia growth 423:436 mycelia growth 423:436 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 4 20 theme carbon 771:776 arg1 matter 785:790 carbon source matter 771:790 carbon source matter 771:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 21 theme different 710:718 arg1 ratios 742:747 different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios 710:747 different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter 710:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 1 22 theme carbon 156:161 arg1 composition 137:147 culture medium composition 122:147 culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) 122:183 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 22 theme carbon 156:161 arg1 sources 176:182 carbon and nitrogen sources 156:182 sources 176:182 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 3 23 theme 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL 672:692 arg1 maximum 661:667 a maximum 659:667 a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL 659:692 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 7 24 theme positive 1124:1131 arg1 correlation 1133:1143 a positive correlation 1122:1143 a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii 1122:1224 Thus, there was a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii. 27074949 6 25 theme C/N 1084:1086 arg1 ratio 1088:1092 the C/N ratio 1080:1092 the C/N ratio 1080:1092 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 6 25 theme C/N 1084:1086 arg1 10:1.5 1098:1103 10:1.5 1098:1103 10:1.5 1098:1103 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 1 26 theme antitumor 245:253 arg1 activity 255:262 antitumor activity 245:262 antitumor activity 245:262 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 27 from activity 255:262 arg1 gunnii 318:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 6 28 theme sucrose 1045:1051 arg1 concentration 1053:1065 sucrose concentration 1045:1065 sucrose concentration 1045:1065 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 1 29 theme nitrogen 167:174 arg1 composition 137:147 culture medium composition 122:147 culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) 122:183 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 29 theme nitrogen 167:174 arg1 sources 176:182 carbon and nitrogen sources 156:182 sources 176:182 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 0 30 theme medium 20:25 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 0:105 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 1 31 theme activity 255:262 arg1 growth 192:197 the growth 188:197 the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 188:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 32 from distribution 228:239 arg1 gunnii 318:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 33 from effects 111:117 arg1 growth 192:197 the growth 188:197 the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 188:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 5 34 theme mycelia 868:874 arg1 yield 859:863 the yield 855:863 the yield of mycelia and IPS 855:882 It found that the yield of mycelia and IPS were both reached to the highest at a C/N ratio of 10:3. 27074949 2 35 theme carbon 391:396 arg1 sources 411:417 carbon and nitrogen sources 391:417 sources 411:417 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 35 theme carbon 391:396 arg1 peptone 356:362 peptone 356:362 peptone 356:362 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 35 theme carbon 391:396 arg1 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 0 36 theme cultural 11:18 arg1 medium 20:25 cultural medium 11:25 cultural medium 11:25 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 3 37 theme mycelium 523:530 arg1 yield 532:536 the mycelium yield 519:536 the mycelium yield 519:536 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 2 38 theme best 386:389 arg1 sources 411:417 carbon and nitrogen sources 391:417 sources 411:417 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 38 theme best 386:389 arg1 peptone 356:362 peptone 356:362 peptone 356:362 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 38 theme best 386:389 arg1 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 1 39 from gunnii 318:323 arg1 mycelia 202:208 mycelia 202:208 mycelia 202:208 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 39 from gunnii 318:323 arg1 IPS 298:300 IPS 298:300 IPS 298:300 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 39 from gunnii 318:323 arg1 distribution 228:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 39 from gunnii 318:323 arg1 activity 255:262 antitumor activity 245:262 antitumor activity 245:262 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 39 from gunnii 318:323 arg1 polysaccharides 281:295 intracellular polysaccharides 267:295 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 267:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 40 theme intracellular 267:279 arg1 IPS 298:300 IPS 298:300 IPS 298:300 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 40 theme intracellular 267:279 arg1 polysaccharides 281:295 intracellular polysaccharides 267:295 intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 267:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 4 41 theme equal 754:758 arg1 matter 785:790 carbon source matter 771:790 carbon source matter 771:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 41 theme equal 754:758 arg1 amounts 760:766 equal amounts 754:766 equal amounts of carbon source matter 754:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 7 42 theme IPS 1209:1211 arg1 distribution 1170:1181 molecular weight distribution 1153:1181 molecular weight distribution 1153:1181 Thus, there was a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii. 27074949 7 42 theme IPS 1209:1211 arg1 activity 1197:1204 antitumor activity 1187:1204 antitumor activity 1187:1204 Thus, there was a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii. 27074949 6 43 theme molecular 984:992 arg1 content 1009:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 1 44 theme polysaccharides 281:295 arg1 mycelia 202:208 mycelia 202:208 mycelia 202:208 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 44 theme polysaccharides 281:295 arg1 distribution 228:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 molecular weight distribution 211:239 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 44 theme polysaccharides 281:295 arg1 activity 255:262 antitumor activity 245:262 antitumor activity 245:262 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 0 45 dep formation 34:42 arg1 the 30:32 the 30:32 the 30:32 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 4 46 dep mycelia 799:805 arg1 the 795:797 the 795:797 the 795:797 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 1 47 from mycelia 202:208 arg1 gunnii 318:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 Cordyceps gunnii 308:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 4 48 theme matter 785:790 arg1 matter 785:790 carbon source matter 771:790 carbon source matter 771:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 48 theme matter 785:790 arg1 amounts 760:766 equal amounts 754:766 equal amounts of carbon source matter 754:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 6 49 theme antitumor 1021:1029 arg1 activity 1031:1038 antitumor activity 1021:1038 antitumor activity 1021:1038 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 2 50 theme nitrogen 402:409 arg1 sources 411:417 carbon and nitrogen sources 391:417 sources 411:417 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 50 theme nitrogen 402:409 arg1 peptone 356:362 peptone 356:362 peptone 356:362 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 2 50 theme nitrogen 402:409 arg1 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose 344:350 Sucrose and peptone were proved to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth and remarkably improved IPS production. 27074949 5 51 theme 10:3 935:938 arg1 ratio 926:930 a C/N ratio 920:930 a C/N ratio of 10:3 920:938 It found that the yield of mycelia and IPS were both reached to the highest at a C/N ratio of 10:3. 27074949 6 52 dep content 1009:1015 arg1 the 966:968 the 966:968 the 966:968 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 4 53 theme ratios 742:747 arg1 effects 699:705 The effects 695:705 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation 695:823 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 54 theme C/N 737:739 arg1 ratios 742:747 different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios 710:747 different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter 710:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 3 55 theme lower 577:581 arg1 yield 587:591 lower IPS yield 577:591 lower IPS yield 577:591 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 5 56 theme C/N 922:924 arg1 ratio 926:930 a C/N ratio 920:930 a C/N ratio of 10:3 920:938 It found that the yield of mycelia and IPS were both reached to the highest at a C/N ratio of 10:3. 27074949 3 57 theme sucrose 606:612 arg1 concentration 614:626 the sucrose concentration 602:626 the sucrose concentration 602:626 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 3 57 theme sucrose 606:612 arg1 % 635:635 4.5% 632:635 4.5% 632:635 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 3 58 theme IPS 583:585 arg1 yield 587:591 lower IPS yield 577:591 lower IPS yield 577:591 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 1 59 theme culture 122:128 arg1 composition 137:147 culture medium composition 122:147 culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) 122:183 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 59 theme culture 122:128 arg1 sources 176:182 carbon and nitrogen sources 156:182 sources 176:182 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 6 60 theme macro 978:982 arg1 content 1009:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 macro molecular polysaccharide content 978:1015 In addition, the IPS had the highest macro molecular polysaccharide content and antitumor activity when sucrose concentration was 3.5% and the C/N ratio was 10:1.5. 27074949 1 61 dep sources 176:182 arg1 i.e. 150:153 i.e. 150:153 i.e. 150:153 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 7 62 theme antitumor 1187:1195 arg1 activity 1197:1204 antitumor activity 1187:1204 antitumor activity 1187:1204 Thus, there was a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii. 27074949 1 63 theme medium 130:135 arg1 composition 137:147 culture medium composition 122:147 culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) 122:183 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 63 theme medium 130:135 arg1 sources 176:182 carbon and nitrogen sources 156:182 sources 176:182 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 1 64 theme mycelia 202:208 arg1 growth 192:197 the growth 188:197 the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 188:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 0 65 theme antitumor 48:56 arg1 activity 58:65 antitumor activity 48:65 antitumor activity 48:65 Effects of cultural medium on the formation and antitumor activity of polysaccharides by Cordyceps gunnii. 27074949 3 66 theme IPS 638:640 arg1 yield 642:646 IPS yield 638:646 IPS yield 638:646 When the sucrose concentration was 2.0%, the mycelium yield reached up to 15.94±1.26 g/L, but with lower IPS yield; whereas the sucrose concentration was 4.5%, IPS yield reached to a maximum of 138.78±3.89 mg/100 mL. 27074949 7 67 theme weight 1163:1168 arg1 distribution 1170:1181 molecular weight distribution 1153:1181 molecular weight distribution 1153:1181 Thus, there was a positive correlation between molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of IPS by C. gunnii. 27074949 1 68 theme composition 137:147 arg1 effects 111:117 The effects 107:117 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii 107:323 The effects of culture medium composition (i.e., carbon and nitrogen sources) on the growth of mycelia, molecular weight distribution and antitumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Cordyceps gunnii were investigated. 27074949 4 69 with ratios 742:747 arg1 matter 785:790 carbon source matter 771:790 carbon source matter 771:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 27074949 4 69 with ratios 742:747 arg1 amounts 760:766 equal amounts 754:766 equal amounts of carbon source matter 754:790 The effects of different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios with equal amounts of carbon source matter on the mycelia and IPS formation were optimized. 26592702 8 0 theme repeating 1047:1055 arg1 unit 1057:1060 the repeating unit 1043:1060 the repeating unit 1043:1060 The structure of the repeating unit was established as - →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. 26592702 5 1 theme time 317:320 arg1 method 322:327 a time method 315:327 a time method 315:327 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 5 2 from methodology 350:360 arg1 variable 303:310 One variable 299:310 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology 299:360 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 8 3 theme unit 1057:1060 arg1 structure 1030:1038 The structure 1026:1038 The structure of the repeating unit 1026:1060 The structure of the repeating unit was established as - →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. 26592702 8 3 theme unit 1057:1060 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1086:1095 - →3)-β-d-Glcp- 1081:1095 -β-d-Glcp- 1086:1095 The structure of the repeating unit was established as - →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. 26592702 5 4 theme exopolysaccharide 451:467 arg1 production 469:478 maximum exopolysaccharide production 443:478 maximum exopolysaccharide production 443:478 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 5 theme point 834:838 arg1 range 840:844 a melting point range 824:844 a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 824:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 3 6 dep sp 231:232 arg1 investigation 191:203 this investigation 186:203 this investigation 186:203 In this investigation endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 5 7 theme best 391:394 arg1 conditions 404:413 culture conditions 396:413 culture conditions 396:413 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 8 theme Erlenmeyer 563:572 arg1 flask 574:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask 556:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 556:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 2 9 theme little 111:116 arg1 information 118:128 a little information 109:128 a little information on exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi 109:180 There is a little information on exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi. 26592702 7 10 theme β-d-glucopyranosyl 999:1016 arg1 moiety 1018:1023 only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 981:1023 only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 981:1023 Result indicated the presence of only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. 26592702 6 11 contain containing 580:589 arg1 flask 574:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask 556:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 556:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 11 contain containing 580:589 arg2 broth 613:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth 591:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 591:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 5 12 theme culture 396:402 arg1 conditions 404:413 culture conditions 396:413 culture conditions 396:413 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 13 theme ml 560:561 arg1 flask 574:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask 556:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 556:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 7 14 theme moiety 1018:1023 arg1 presence 969:976 the presence 965:976 the presence of only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 965:1023 Result indicated the presence of only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. 26592702 8 15 theme →3 1083:1084 arg1 structure 1030:1038 The structure 1026:1038 The structure of the repeating unit 1026:1060 The structure of the repeating unit was established as - →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. 26592702 8 15 theme →3 1083:1084 arg1 -β-d-Glcp- 1086:1095 - →3)-β-d-Glcp- 1081:1095 -β-d-Glcp- 1086:1095 The structure of the repeating unit was established as - →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. 26592702 6 16 theme 250 556:558 arg1 ml 560:561 ml 560:561 ml 560:561 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 2 17 theme endophytic 165:174 arg1 fungi 176:180 endophytic fungi 165:180 endophytic fungi 165:180 There is a little information on exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi. 26592702 6 18 theme medium 688:693 arg1 pH 695:696 medium pH 6.93 688:701 medium pH 6.93 688:701 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 19 theme 75 591:592 arg1 ml 594:595 ml 594:595 ml 594:595 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 5 20 from method 322:327 arg1 variable 303:310 One variable 299:310 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology 299:360 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 21 from exopolysaccharide 511:527 arg1 flask 574:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask 556:578 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 556:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 2 22 from information 118:128 arg1 production 151:160 exopolysaccharide production 133:160 exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi 133:180 There is a little information on exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi. 26592702 4 23 used used 244:247 arg2 BC55 235:238 BC55 235:238 BC55 235:238 BC55 was used for optimization of exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 8 24 dep -β-d-Glcp- 1086:1095 arg1 1→ 1097:1098 1→ 1097:1098 1→ 1097:1098 The structure of the repeating unit was established as - →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. 26592702 6 25 theme g 638:638 arg1 glucose 644:650 (g%/l) glucose 637:650 (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 637:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 25 theme g 638:638 arg1 /l 640:641 g%/l 638:641 g%/l 638:641 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 26 theme 122-124°C. 849:858 arg1 elucidation 871:881 122-124°C. Structural elucidation 849:881 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 849:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 3 27 theme endophytic 205:214 arg1 sp 231:232 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 205:232 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 205:232 In this investigation endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 7 28 link -linked 991:997 arg1 moiety 1018:1023 only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 981:1023 only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 981:1023 Result indicated the presence of only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. 26592702 6 29 theme Exopolysaccharide 743:759 arg1 [EPS 761:764 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS 737:764 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I) 737:771 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 29 theme Exopolysaccharide 743:759 arg1 EP-I 767:770 EP-I 767:770 EP-I 767:770 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 3 30 theme Pestalotiopsis 216:229 arg1 sp 231:232 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 205:232 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 205:232 In this investigation endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 6 31 theme melting 826:832 arg1 range 840:844 a melting point range 824:844 a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 824:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 0 32 theme structural 15:24 arg1 elucidation 26:36 structural elucidation 15:36 structural elucidation 15:36 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 6 33 theme EPS 890:892 arg1 elucidation 871:881 122-124°C. Structural elucidation 849:881 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 849:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 7 34 dep -linked 991:997 arg1 1→3 987:989 1→3 987:989 1→3 987:989 Result indicated the presence of only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. 26592702 0 35 theme exopolysaccharide 41:57 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 0 35 theme exopolysaccharide 41:57 arg1 elucidation 26:36 structural elucidation 15:36 structural elucidation 15:36 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 6 36 dep organism 791:798 arg1 have 800:803 have 800:803 have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 800:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 37 theme g/l 544:546 arg1 exopolysaccharide 511:527 maximum exopolysaccharide 503:527 maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 503:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 37 theme g/l 544:546 arg1 EPS 548:550 4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS 530:550 4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS 530:550 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 5 38 theme response 333:340 arg1 methodology 350:360 response surface methodology 333:360 response surface methodology 333:360 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 0 39 from sp 90:91 arg1 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production 0:9 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 0 39 from sp 90:91 arg1 elucidation 26:36 structural elucidation 15:36 structural elucidation 15:36 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 6 40 theme experiments 935:945 arg1 series 925:930 a series 923:930 a series of experiments 923:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 0 41 theme endophytic 64:73 arg1 sp 90:91 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 64:91 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 64:91 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 5 42 theme surface 342:348 arg1 methodology 350:360 response surface methodology 333:360 response surface methodology 333:360 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 43 theme ± 536:536 arg1 exopolysaccharide 511:527 maximum exopolysaccharide 503:527 maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 503:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 43 theme ± 536:536 arg1 EPS 548:550 4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS 530:550 4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS 530:550 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 44 theme Mw 805:806 arg1 Da 816:817 Mw ∼2×10(5)Da 805:817 Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 805:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 45 theme incubation 723:732 arg1 days 715:718 3.76 days 710:718 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I) 710:771 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 46 theme potato 597:602 arg1 broth 613:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth 591:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 591:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 47 theme Structural 860:869 arg1 elucidation 871:881 122-124°C. Structural elucidation 849:881 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 849:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 7 48 theme -linked 991:997 arg1 moiety 1018:1023 only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 981:1023 only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety 981:1023 Result indicated the presence of only (1→3)-linked β-d-glucopyranosyl moiety. 26592702 6 49 from days 715:718 arg1 [EPS 761:764 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS 737:764 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I) 737:771 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 49 from days 715:718 arg1 EP-I 767:770 EP-I 767:770 EP-I 767:770 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 50 theme 24°C. 737:741 arg1 [EPS 761:764 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS 737:764 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I) 737:771 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 50 theme 24°C. 737:741 arg1 EP-I 767:770 EP-I 767:770 EP-I 767:770 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 5 51 dep conditions 404:413 arg1 the 387:389 the 387:389 the 387:389 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 52 theme maximum 503:509 arg1 exopolysaccharide 511:527 maximum exopolysaccharide 503:527 maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 503:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 52 theme maximum 503:509 arg1 EPS 548:550 4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS 530:550 4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS 530:550 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 53 dep glucose 644:650 arg1 7.66 653:656 7.66 653:656 7.66 653:656 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 4 54 theme production 287:296 arg1 optimization 253:264 optimization 253:264 optimization of exopolysaccharide production 253:296 BC55 was used for optimization of exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 5 55 theme medium 419:424 arg1 compositions 426:437 medium compositions 419:437 medium compositions 419:437 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 56 theme ml 594:595 arg1 broth 613:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth 591:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 591:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 57 from [EPS 761:764 arg1 incubation 723:732 incubation 723:732 incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I) 723:771 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 57 from [EPS 761:764 arg1 days 715:718 3.76 days 710:718 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I) 710:771 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 58 dep 7.66 653:656 arg1 CaCl2 671:675 CaCl2 671:675 CaCl2 671:675 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 58 dep 7.66 653:656 arg1 0.29 665:668 0.29 665:668 0.29 665:668 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 58 dep 7.66 653:656 arg1 urea 659:662 urea 659:662 urea 659:662 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 58 dep 7.66 653:656 arg1 0.05 678:681 0.05 678:681 0.05 678:681 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 59 with Da 816:817 arg1 range 840:844 a melting point range 824:844 a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 824:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 4 60 theme exopolysaccharide 269:285 arg1 production 287:296 exopolysaccharide production 269:296 exopolysaccharide production 269:296 BC55 was used for optimization of exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 61 theme dextrose 604:611 arg1 broth 613:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth 591:617 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 591:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 0 62 theme Pestalotiopsis 75:88 arg1 sp 90:91 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 64:91 endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp 64:91 Production and structural elucidation of exopolysaccharide from endophytic Pestalotiopsis sp. 26592702 2 63 theme exopolysaccharide 133:149 arg1 production 151:160 exopolysaccharide production 133:160 exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi 133:180 There is a little information on exopolysaccharide production by endophytic fungi. 26592702 6 64 theme % 639:639 arg1 glucose 644:650 (g%/l) glucose 637:650 (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments 637:945 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 6 64 theme % 639:639 arg1 /l 640:641 g%/l 638:641 g%/l 638:641 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26592702 5 65 theme maximum 443:449 arg1 production 469:478 maximum exopolysaccharide production 443:478 maximum exopolysaccharide production 443:478 One variable at a time method and response surface methodology were adopted to find out the best culture conditions and medium compositions for maximum exopolysaccharide production. 26592702 6 66 theme elucidation 871:881 arg1 range 840:844 a melting point range 824:844 a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) 824:899 The organism produced maximum exopolysaccharide (4.320 ± 0.022 g/l EPS) in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 75 ml potato dextrose broth supplemented with (g%/l) glucose, 7.66; urea, 0.29; CaCl2, 0.05 with medium pH 6.93; after 3.76 days of incubation at 24°C. Exopolysaccharide [EPS (EP-I)] produced by this organism have Mw ∼2×10(5)Da with a melting point range of 122-124°C. Structural elucidation of the EPS (PS-I) was carried out after a series of experiments. 26096447 0 0 theme extracellular 90:102 arg1 matrix 104:109 human extracellular matrix 84:109 human extracellular matrix 84:109 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 7 1 theme excellent 1404:1412 arg1 inhibition 1414:1423 an excellent inhibition 1401:1423 an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects 1401:1487 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 3 2 theme adipose 691:697 arg1 tissue 699:704 human adipose tissue 685:704 human adipose tissue 685:704 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 6 3 theme wound 1054:1058 arg1 size 1060:1063 wound size 1054:1063 wound size 1054:1063 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 0 4 theme human 84:88 arg1 matrix 104:109 human extracellular matrix 84:109 human extracellular matrix 84:109 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 3 5 theme acellular 658:666 arg1 ECM 668:670 acellular ECM 658:670 acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue 658:704 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 5 6 theme wound 1031:1035 arg1 site 1037:1040 the wound site 1027:1040 the wound site 1027:1040 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 6 7 theme control 1249:1255 arg1 wounds 1257:1262 control wounds 1249:1262 control wounds 1249:1262 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 2 8 from immersion 538:546 arg1 solution 556:563 TiO2 solution 551:563 TiO2 solution 551:563 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 7 9 with candidate 1365:1373 arg1 inhibition 1414:1423 an excellent inhibition 1401:1423 an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects 1401:1487 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 1 10 theme wound 333:337 arg1 dressing 339:346 a wound dressing 331:346 a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 331:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 6 11 theme faster 1162:1167 arg1 regeneration 1169:1180 faster regeneration 1162:1180 faster regeneration of granulation tissue 1162:1202 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 5 12 theme good 943:946 arg1 biocompatibility 948:963 good biocompatibility 943:963 good biocompatibility 943:963 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 3 13 attach derived 672:678 arg1 tissue 699:704 human adipose tissue 685:704 human adipose tissue 685:704 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 3 13 attach derived 672:678 arg2 ECM 668:670 acellular ECM 658:670 acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue 658:704 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 7 14 theme wound 1454:1458 arg1 healing 1460:1466 wound healing 1454:1466 wound healing 1454:1466 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 5 15 dep in 879:880 arg1 vivo 882:885 vivo 882:885 vivo 882:885 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 6 16 from Changes 1043:1049 arg1 size 1060:1063 wound size 1054:1063 wound size 1054:1063 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 6 16 from Changes 1043:1049 arg1 examination 1082:1092 histological examination 1069:1092 histological examination 1069:1092 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 4 17 theme plate 729:733 arg1 method 735:740 a modified drop plate method 713:740 a modified drop plate method 713:740 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 1 18 theme sub-layer 260:268 arg1 layer 190:194 an upper layer 181:194 an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 181:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 7 19 theme healing 1460:1466 arg1 inhibition 1414:1423 an excellent inhibition 1401:1423 an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects 1401:1487 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 2 20 theme top 404:406 arg1 layer 408:412 The dense and fibrous top layer 382:412 layer 408:412 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 5 21 theme bilayer 914:920 arg1 composites 922:931 the bilayer composites 910:931 the bilayer composites 910:931 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 7 22 theme TiO2-incorporated 1298:1314 arg1 candidate 1365:1373 a suitable candidate 1354:1373 a suitable candidate as a wound dressing 1354:1393 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 7 22 theme TiO2-incorporated 1298:1314 arg1 composite 1337:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 6 23 theme granulation 1185:1195 arg1 tissue 1197:1202 granulation tissue 1185:1202 granulation tissue 1185:1202 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 2 24 theme bacterial 452:460 arg1 infection 462:470 bacterial infection 452:470 bacterial infection 452:470 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 1 25 theme full-thickness 352:365 arg1 healing 373:379 full-thickness wound healing 352:379 full-thickness wound healing 352:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 6 26 theme bilayer 1135:1141 arg1 composites 1143:1152 the bilayer composites 1131:1152 the bilayer composites 1131:1152 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 0 27 theme bilayer 2:8 arg1 composite 10:18 A bilayer composite 0:18 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix 0:109 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 1 28 theme wound 367:371 arg1 healing 373:379 full-thickness wound healing 352:379 full-thickness wound healing 352:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 4 29 theme bilayer 840:846 arg1 composite 848:856 the bilayer composite 836:856 the bilayer composite 836:856 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 1 30 theme upper 184:188 arg1 layer 190:194 an upper layer 181:194 an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 181:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 7 31 theme acceleration 1468:1479 arg1 effects 1481:1487 acceleration effects 1468:1487 acceleration effects 1468:1487 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 6 32 theme scar 1228:1231 arg1 formation 1233:1241 less scar formation 1223:1241 less scar formation 1223:1241 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 5 33 theme compositional 1005:1017 arg1 cues 1019:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues 978:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site 978:1040 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 7 34 theme suitable 1356:1363 arg1 candidate 1365:1373 a suitable candidate 1354:1373 a suitable candidate as a wound dressing 1354:1393 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 7 34 theme suitable 1356:1363 arg1 composite 1337:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 7 35 theme chitosan/ECM 1316:1327 arg1 candidate 1365:1373 a suitable candidate 1354:1373 a suitable candidate as a wound dressing 1354:1393 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 7 35 theme chitosan/ECM 1316:1327 arg1 composite 1337:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 1 36 theme human 273:277 arg1 sheet 322:326 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet 273:326 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 273:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 6 37 theme wounds 1112:1117 arg1 size 1060:1063 wound size 1054:1063 wound size 1054:1063 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 6 37 theme wounds 1112:1117 arg1 examination 1082:1092 histological examination 1069:1092 histological examination 1069:1092 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 4 38 theme drop 724:727 arg1 method 735:740 a modified drop plate method 713:740 a modified drop plate method 713:740 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 6 39 theme histological 1069:1080 arg1 examination 1082:1092 histological examination 1069:1092 histological examination 1069:1092 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 1 40 theme adipose-derived 279:293 arg1 ECM 317:319 ECM 317:319 ECM 317:319 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 40 theme adipose-derived 279:293 arg1 matrix 309:314 adipose-derived extracellular matrix 279:314 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 273:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 0 41 theme wound 122:126 arg1 dressing 128:135 a wound dressing 120:135 a wound dressing 120:135 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 3 42 theme tissue 619:624 arg1 regeneration 626:637 new tissue regeneration 615:637 new tissue regeneration 615:637 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 4 43 theme modified 715:722 arg1 method 735:740 a modified drop plate method 713:740 a modified drop plate method 713:740 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 1 44 theme titanium 199:206 arg1 TiO2 217:220 TiO2 217:220 TiO2 217:220 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 44 theme titanium 199:206 arg1 dioxide 208:214 titanium dioxide 199:214 titanium dioxide (TiO2) 199:221 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 0 45 theme TiO2-incorporated 32:48 arg1 membrane 71:78 TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane 32:78 TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane 32:78 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 1 46 theme extracellular 295:307 arg1 ECM 317:319 ECM 317:319 ECM 317:319 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 46 theme extracellular 295:307 arg1 matrix 309:314 adipose-derived extracellular matrix 279:314 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 273:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 2 47 theme solution 517:524 arg1 electrospinning 489:503 electrospinning 489:503 electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution 489:563 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 2 48 theme fibrous 396:402 arg1 layer 408:412 The dense and fibrous top layer 382:412 layer 408:412 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 3 49 theme sponge-like 570:580 arg1 sub-layer 582:590 The sponge-like sub-layer 566:590 The sponge-like sub-layer 566:590 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 1 50 theme dioxide 208:214 arg1 layer 190:194 an upper layer 181:194 an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 181:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 7 51 theme bilayer 1329:1335 arg1 candidate 1365:1373 a suitable candidate 1354:1373 a suitable candidate as a wound dressing 1354:1393 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 7 51 theme bilayer 1329:1335 arg1 composite 1337:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite 1294:1345 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 1 52 theme matrix 309:314 arg1 sheet 322:326 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet 273:326 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 273:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 2 53 theme chitosan 508:515 arg1 solution 517:524 chitosan solution 508:524 chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution 508:563 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 5 54 theme proper 978:983 arg1 cues 1019:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues 978:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site 978:1040 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 5 55 from site 1037:1040 arg1 cues 1019:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues 978:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site 978:1040 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 0 56 theme chitosan 62:69 arg1 membrane 71:78 TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane 32:78 TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane 32:78 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 7 57 dep penetration 1438:1448 arg1 effects 1481:1487 acceleration effects 1468:1487 acceleration effects 1468:1487 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 3 58 theme new 615:617 arg1 regeneration 626:637 new tissue regeneration 615:637 new tissue regeneration 615:637 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 5 59 theme physicochemical 985:999 arg1 cues 1019:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues 978:1022 proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site 978:1040 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 3 60 theme human 685:689 arg1 tissue 699:704 human adipose tissue 685:704 human adipose tissue 685:704 The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. 26096447 6 61 theme full-thickness 1097:1110 arg1 wounds 1112:1117 full-thickness wounds 1097:1117 full-thickness wounds 1097:1117 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 0 62 theme electrospun 50:60 arg1 membrane 71:78 TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane 32:78 TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane 32:78 A bilayer composite composed of TiO2-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing. 26096447 2 63 theme TiO2 551:554 arg1 solution 556:563 TiO2 solution 551:563 TiO2 solution 551:563 The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. 26096447 4 64 dep reduction 770:778 arg1 % 768:768 % 768:768 % 768:768 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 7 65 theme Overall 1265:1271 arg1 results 1273:1279 Overall results 1265:1279 Overall results 1265:1279 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 6 66 theme tissue 1197:1202 arg1 epidermis 1208:1216 epidermis 1208:1216 epidermis 1208:1216 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 6 66 theme tissue 1197:1202 arg1 regeneration 1169:1180 faster regeneration 1162:1180 faster regeneration of granulation tissue 1162:1202 Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. 26096447 1 67 dep dioxide 208:214 arg1 membrane 245:252 -incorporated chitosan membrane 222:252 -incorporated chitosan membrane 222:252 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 7 68 theme wound 1380:1384 arg1 dressing 1386:1393 a wound dressing 1378:1393 a wound dressing 1378:1393 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 4 69 dep % 768:768 arg1 33.9 755:758 33.9 755:758 33.9 755:758 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 4 69 dep % 768:768 arg1 69.6 764:767 69.6 764:767 69.6 764:767 Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. 26096447 1 70 link adipose-derived 279:293 arg1 ECM 317:319 ECM 317:319 ECM 317:319 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 70 link adipose-derived 279:293 arg1 matrix 309:314 adipose-derived extracellular matrix 279:314 human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 273:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 5 71 theme in 879:880 arg1 experiment 887:896 an in vivo experiment 876:896 an in vivo experiment using rats 876:907 In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. 26096447 7 72 theme bacterial 1428:1436 arg1 penetration 1438:1448 bacterial penetration 1428:1448 bacterial penetration 1428:1448 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 7 73 theme penetration 1438:1448 arg1 inhibition 1414:1423 an excellent inhibition 1401:1423 an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects 1401:1487 Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects. 26096447 1 74 theme -incorporated 222:234 arg1 membrane 245:252 -incorporated chitosan membrane 222:252 -incorporated chitosan membrane 222:252 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 75 theme sheet 322:326 arg1 TiO2 217:220 TiO2 217:220 TiO2 217:220 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 75 theme sheet 322:326 arg1 dioxide 208:214 titanium dioxide 199:214 titanium dioxide (TiO2) 199:221 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 75 theme sheet 322:326 arg1 sub-layer 260:268 a sub-layer 258:268 a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 258:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 76 theme bilayer 150:156 arg1 composites 158:167 bilayer composites 150:167 bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing 150:379 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 26096447 1 77 theme chitosan 236:243 arg1 membrane 245:252 -incorporated chitosan membrane 222:252 -incorporated chitosan membrane 222:252 We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. 28865155 4 0 theme Golgi 640:644 arg1 stacks 646:651 Golgi stacks 640:651 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, 640:722 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 10 1 theme secretory 1730:1738 arg1 vesicles 1740:1747 secretory vesicles 1730:1747 secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae 1730:1782 Taken together, these results indicate that XGA is secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae. 28865155 3 2 theme root cap 588:595 arg1 cells 597:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells 540:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography 540:637 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 11 3 from collapse 1815:1822 arg1 polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis 1849:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1849:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 11 3 from collapse 1815:1822 arg1 domain 1839:1844 the central domain 1827:1844 the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1827:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 4 4 theme border 710:715 arg1 cells 717:721 border cells 710:721 border cells 710:721 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 11 5 with polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 arg1 model 1927:1931 a mathematical model 1912:1931 a mathematical model 1912:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 3 6 theme frozen/freeze-substituted 554:578 arg1 cells 597:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells 540:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography 540:637 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 9 7 theme plasma 1484:1489 arg1 membrane 1491:1498 the plasma membrane 1480:1498 the plasma membrane 1480:1498 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 0 8 attach derived 29:35 arg1 trans-Golgi 46:56 the trans-Golgi 42:56 the trans-Golgi 42:56 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 0 8 attach derived 29:35 arg2 vesicles 20:27 vesicles 20:27 vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi 20:56 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 2 9 theme border 284:289 arg1 cells 291:295 the border cells 280:295 the border cells 280:295 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 8 10 contain contained 1376:1384 arg2 epitopes 1415:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes 1386:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN 1386:1438 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 8 10 contain contained 1376:1384 arg1 LVs 1302:1304 LVs 1302:1304 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) 1302:1345 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 0 11 theme border 109:114 arg1 cell 116:119 the root border cell 100:119 the root border cell 100:119 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 9 12 theme border 1508:1513 arg1 cells 1515:1519 border cells 1508:1519 border cells 1508:1519 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 6 13 theme LM8 1037:1039 arg1 epitope 1064:1070 the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope 1033:1070 the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope 1033:1070 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 0 14 from secretion 67:75 arg1 cell 116:119 the root border cell 100:119 the root border cell 100:119 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 7 15 theme trans-most 1259:1268 arg1 cisternae 1270:1278 the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments 1255:1299 cisternae 1270:1278 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 6 16 theme trans-Golgi 1000:1010 arg1 cisternae 1012:1020 trans-Golgi cisternae 1000:1020 trans-Golgi cisternae 1000:1020 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 1 17 theme Root 122:125 arg1 cells 134:138 Root border cells 122:138 Root border cells 122:138 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 2 18 from stacks 270:275 arg1 cells 291:295 the border cells 280:295 the border cells 280:295 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 4 19 theme similar 734:740 arg1 morphological features 742:763 similar morphological features 734:763 similar morphological features 734:763 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 19 theme similar 734:740 arg1 of trans 788:795 proliferation of trans 774:795 proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments 774:884 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 2 20 contain have 297:300 arg1 stacks 270:275 Golgi stacks 264:275 Golgi stacks in the border cells 264:295 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 2 20 contain have 297:300 arg2 margins 316:322 hypertrophied margins 302:322 hypertrophied margins 302:322 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 4 21 dep cisternae 833:841 arg1 compartments 873:884 compartments 873:884 compartments 873:884 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 5 22 theme other 956:960 arg1 Golgi-associated vesicles 962:986 other Golgi-associated vesicles 956:986 other Golgi-associated vesicles 956:986 These swollen margins give rise to two types of vesicles larger than other Golgi-associated vesicles. 28865155 8 23 theme wall 1395:1398 arg1 epitopes 1415:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes 1386:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN 1386:1438 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 0 24 theme xylogalacturonan 80:95 arg1 secretion 67:75 secretion 67:75 secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell 67:119 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 2 25 theme Golgi 264:268 arg1 stacks 270:275 Golgi stacks 264:275 Golgi stacks in the border cells 264:295 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 2 26 theme polysaccharide 382:395 arg1 components 397:406 the polysaccharide components 378:406 the polysaccharide components of the mucilage 378:422 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 9 27 theme plasma 1592:1597 arg1 membrane 1599:1606 the plasma membrane 1588:1606 the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells 1588:1648 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 11 28 theme accompanying 1869:1880 arg1 polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis 1849:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1849:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 10 29 attach derived 1749:1755 arg2 vesicles 1740:1747 secretory vesicles 1730:1747 secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae 1730:1782 Taken together, these results indicate that XGA is secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae. 28865155 10 29 attach derived 1749:1755 arg1 cisternae 1774:1782 trans-Golgi cisternae 1762:1782 trans-Golgi cisternae 1762:1782 Taken together, these results indicate that XGA is secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae. 28865155 2 30 theme mucilage 415:422 arg1 components 397:406 the polysaccharide components 378:406 the polysaccharide components of the mucilage 378:422 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 9 31 theme peripheral 1616:1625 arg1 cells 1627:1631 peripheral cells 1616:1631 peripheral cells 1616:1631 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 5 32 theme vesicles 935:942 arg1 types 926:930 two types 922:930 two types of vesicles larger than other Golgi-associated vesicles 922:986 These swollen margins give rise to two types of vesicles larger than other Golgi-associated vesicles. 28865155 3 33 theme three-dimensional 444:460 arg1 structures 462:471 three-dimensional structures 444:471 three-dimensional structures 444:471 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 0 34 theme vesicles 20:27 arg1 class 11:15 A distinct class 0:15 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi 0:56 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 6 35 theme large 1104:1108 arg1 LVs 1120:1122 LVs 1120:1122 LVs 1120:1122 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 6 35 theme large 1104:1108 arg1 vesicles 1110:1117 darkly stained large vesicles 1089:1117 darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) 1089:1123 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 9 36 theme cells 1644:1648 arg1 membrane 1599:1606 the plasma membrane 1588:1606 the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells 1588:1648 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 4 37 theme network 859:865 arg1 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 37 theme network 859:865 arg1 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 37 theme network 859:865 arg1 of trans 788:795 proliferation of trans 774:795 proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments 774:884 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 7 38 located detected 1243:1250 arg2 Epitopes 1155:1162 Epitopes 1155:1162 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) 1155:1237 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 7 38 located detected 1243:1250 arg1 cisternae 1270:1278 the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments 1255:1299 cisternae 1270:1278 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 7 38 located detected 1243:1250 arg1 compartments 1288:1299 the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments 1255:1299 compartments 1288:1299 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 10 39 theme novel 1716:1720 arg1 type 1722:1725 a novel type 1714:1725 a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae 1714:1782 Taken together, these results indicate that XGA is secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae. 28865155 1 40 theme massive 187:193 arg1 mucilage 206:213 mucilage 206:213 mucilage 206:213 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 1 40 theme massive 187:193 arg1 amounts 195:201 massive amounts 187:201 massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans 187:261 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 10 41 theme trans-Golgi 1762:1772 arg1 cisternae 1774:1782 trans-Golgi cisternae 1762:1782 trans-Golgi cisternae 1762:1782 Taken together, these results indicate that XGA is secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae. 28865155 3 42 dep structures 462:471 arg1 the 440:442 the 440:442 the 440:442 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 5 43 theme larger 944:949 arg1 vesicles 935:942 vesicles 935:942 vesicles larger than other Golgi-associated vesicles 935:986 These swollen margins give rise to two types of vesicles larger than other Golgi-associated vesicles. 28865155 4 44 theme border 656:661 arg1 cells 663:667 border cells 656:667 border cells 656:667 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 11 45 theme mathematical 1914:1925 arg1 model 1927:1931 a mathematical model 1912:1931 a mathematical model 1912:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 2 46 theme elevated 336:343 arg1 activity 358:365 elevated biosynthetic activity 336:365 elevated biosynthetic activity 336:365 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 9 47 theme XGA 1458:1460 arg1 epitope 1462:1468 the XGA epitope 1454:1468 the XGA epitope 1454:1468 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 9 48 contain carrying 1445:1452 arg2 epitope 1462:1468 the XGA epitope 1454:1468 the XGA epitope 1454:1468 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 9 48 contain carrying 1445:1452 arg1 LVs 1441:1443 LVs 1441:1443 LVs carrying the XGA epitope 1441:1468 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 3 49 theme alfalfa 580:586 arg1 cells 597:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells 540:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography 540:637 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 3 50 theme high-pressure 540:552 arg1 cells 597:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells 540:601 high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography 540:637 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 3 51 theme electron 608:615 arg1 microscopy/tomography 617:637 electron microscopy/tomography 608:637 electron microscopy/tomography 608:637 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 6 52 theme XGA 1059:1061 arg1 epitope 1064:1070 the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope 1033:1070 the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope 1033:1070 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 4 53 theme cells 717:721 arg1 cells 684:688 peripheral cells 673:688 peripheral cells 673:688 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 53 theme cells 717:721 arg1 cells 701:705 precursor cells 691:705 precursor cells of border cells 691:721 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 11 54 theme central 1831:1837 arg1 polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis 1849:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1849:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 11 54 theme central 1831:1837 arg1 domain 1839:1844 the central domain 1827:1844 the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1827:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 5 55 theme swollen 893:899 arg1 margins 901:907 These swollen margins 887:907 These swollen margins 887:907 These swollen margins give rise to two types of vesicles larger than other Golgi-associated vesicles. 28865155 6 56 theme xylogalacturonan 1041:1056 arg1 epitope 1064:1070 the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope 1033:1070 the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope 1033:1070 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 8 57 theme TGN 1320:1322 arg1 compartments 1324:1335 TGN compartments 1320:1335 TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) 1320:1345 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 8 57 theme TGN 1320:1322 arg1 TGN-LVs 1338:1344 TGN-LVs 1338:1344 TGN-LVs 1338:1344 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 3 58 theme stacks 520:525 arg1 structures 462:471 three-dimensional structures 444:471 three-dimensional structures 444:471 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 3 58 theme stacks 520:525 arg1 compositions 492:503 macromolecular compositions 477:503 macromolecular compositions 477:503 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 4 59 theme precursor 691:699 arg1 cells 684:688 peripheral cells 673:688 peripheral cells 673:688 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 59 theme precursor 691:699 arg1 cells 701:705 precursor cells 691:705 precursor cells of border cells 691:721 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 11 60 theme trans-cisternae 1853:1867 arg1 polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis 1849:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1849:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 6 61 theme cisternae 1012:1020 arg1 Margins 989:995 Margins 989:995 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae 989:1020 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 9 62 dep fuse 1470:1473 arg1 whereas 1522:1528 whereas 1522:1528 whereas 1522:1528 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 6 63 theme stained 1096:1102 arg1 LVs 1120:1122 LVs 1120:1122 LVs 1120:1122 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 6 63 theme stained 1096:1102 arg1 vesicles 1110:1117 darkly stained large vesicles 1089:1117 darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) 1089:1123 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 4 64 theme trans 827:831 arg1 cisternae 833:841 the trans cisternae 823:841 the trans cisternae 823:841 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 65 theme proliferation 774:786 arg1 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 65 theme proliferation 774:786 arg1 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 65 theme proliferation 774:786 arg1 of trans 788:795 proliferation of trans 774:795 proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments 774:884 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 2 66 theme hypertrophied 302:314 arg1 margins 316:322 hypertrophied margins 302:322 hypertrophied margins 302:322 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 7 67 theme TGN 1284:1286 arg1 compartments 1288:1299 the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments 1255:1299 compartments 1288:1299 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 1 68 contain contains 220:227 arg2 proteoglycans 249:261 proteoglycans 249:261 proteoglycans 249:261 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 1 68 contain contains 220:227 arg2 polysaccharides 229:243 polysaccharides 229:243 polysaccharides 229:243 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 1 68 contain contains 220:227 arg1 amounts 195:201 massive amounts 187:201 massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans 187:261 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 1 68 contain contains 220:227 arg1 mucilage 206:213 mucilage 206:213 mucilage 206:213 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 1 69 theme root 166:169 arg1 cap 171:173 the root cap 162:173 the root cap 162:173 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 9 70 theme XG 1553:1554 arg1 epitopes 1569:1576 the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1549:1576 the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1549:1576 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 4 71 from stacks 646:651 arg1 cells 663:667 border cells 656:667 border cells 656:667 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 71 from stacks 646:651 arg1 cells 684:688 peripheral cells 673:688 peripheral cells 673:688 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 71 from stacks 646:651 arg1 cells 701:705 precursor cells 691:705 precursor cells of border cells 691:721 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 9 72 theme PGA/RG-I 1560:1567 arg1 epitopes 1569:1576 the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1549:1576 the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1549:1576 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 8 73 theme cell 1390:1393 arg1 epitopes 1415:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes 1386:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN 1386:1438 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 11 74 theme polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 arg1 polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis 1849:1905 the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1849:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 11 74 theme polysaccharide synthesis 1882:1905 arg1 domain 1839:1844 the central domain 1827:1844 the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model 1827:1931 Furthermore, we simulated the collapse in the central domain of the trans-cisternae accompanying polysaccharide synthesis with a mathematical model. 28865155 0 75 theme root 104:107 arg1 cell 116:119 the root border cell 100:119 the root border cell 100:119 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 1 76 theme cap 171:173 arg1 surface 151:157 the surface 147:157 the surface of the root cap 147:173 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 8 77 theme polysaccharide 1400:1413 arg1 epitopes 1415:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes 1386:1422 the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN 1386:1438 LVs produced from TGN compartments (TGN-LVs) stained lighter than LVs and contained the cell wall polysaccharide epitopes seen in the TGN. 28865155 0 78 theme distinct 2:9 arg1 class 11:15 A distinct class 0:15 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi 0:56 A distinct class of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi mediates secretion of xylogalacturonan in the root border cell. 28865155 4 79 dep of trans 788:795 arg1 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 79 dep of trans 788:795 arg1 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 79 dep of trans 788:795 arg1 of trans 788:795 proliferation of trans 774:795 proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments 774:884 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 9 80 contain containing 1538:1547 arg2 epitopes 1569:1576 the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1549:1576 the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1549:1576 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 9 80 contain containing 1538:1547 arg1 TGN-LVs 1530:1536 TGN-LVs 1530:1536 TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes 1530:1576 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 3 81 theme macromolecular 477:490 arg1 compositions 492:503 macromolecular compositions 477:503 macromolecular compositions 477:503 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 7 82 theme polygalacturonic 1185:1200 arg1 PGA/RG-I 1229:1236 PGA/RG-I 1229:1236 PGA/RG-I 1229:1236 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 7 82 theme polygalacturonic 1185:1200 arg1 acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I 1202:1226 polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I 1185:1226 polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) 1185:1237 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 7 82 theme polygalacturonic 1185:1200 arg1 xyloglucan 1168:1177 xyloglucan 1168:1177 xyloglucan (XG) 1168:1182 Epitopes for xyloglucan (XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan-I (PGA/RG-I) are detected in the trans-most cisternae and TGN compartments. 28865155 9 83 theme cells 1627:1631 arg1 membrane 1599:1606 the plasma membrane 1588:1606 the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells 1588:1648 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 9 84 theme border 1637:1642 arg1 cells 1644:1648 border cells 1637:1648 border cells 1637:1648 LVs carrying the XGA epitope fuse with the plasma membrane only in border cells, whereas TGN-LVs containing the XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes fuse with the plasma membrane of both peripheral cells and border cells. 28865155 3 85 theme Golgi 514:518 arg1 stacks 520:525 these Golgi stacks 508:525 these Golgi stacks 508:525 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 1 86 theme border 127:132 arg1 cells 134:138 Root border cells 122:138 Root border cells 122:138 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 4 87 theme cisternae 833:841 arg1 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 swelling 811:818 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 87 theme cisternae 833:841 arg1 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 cisternae 797:805 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 87 theme cisternae 833:841 arg1 of trans 788:795 proliferation of trans 774:795 proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments 774:884 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 88 theme trans-Golgi 847:857 arg1 TGN 868:870 TGN 868:870 TGN 868:870 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 88 theme trans-Golgi 847:857 arg1 network 859:865 trans-Golgi network 847:865 trans-Golgi network (TGN) 847:871 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 6 89 from Golgi 1148:1152 arg1 release 1131:1137 release 1131:1137 release from the Golgi 1131:1152 Margins of trans-Golgi cisternae accumulate the LM8 xylogalacturonan (XGA) epitope, and they become darkly stained large vesicles (LVs) after release from the Golgi. 28865155 2 90 theme biosynthetic 345:356 arg1 activity 358:365 elevated biosynthetic activity 336:365 elevated biosynthetic activity 336:365 Golgi stacks in the border cells have hypertrophied margins, reflecting elevated biosynthetic activity to produce the polysaccharide components of the mucilage. 28865155 10 91 theme vesicles 1740:1747 arg1 type 1722:1725 a novel type 1714:1725 a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae 1714:1782 Taken together, these results indicate that XGA is secreted by a novel type of secretory vesicles derived from trans-Golgi cisternae. 28865155 4 92 theme peripheral 673:682 arg1 cells 684:688 peripheral cells 673:688 peripheral cells 673:688 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 4 92 theme peripheral 673:682 arg1 cells 701:705 precursor cells 691:705 precursor cells of border cells 691:721 Golgi stacks in border cells and peripheral cells, precursor cells of border cells, displayed similar morphological features, such as proliferation of trans cisternae and swelling of the trans cisternae and trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments. 28865155 3 93 with cells 597:601 arg1 microscopy/tomography 617:637 electron microscopy/tomography 608:637 electron microscopy/tomography 608:637 To investigate the three-dimensional structures and macromolecular compositions of these Golgi stacks, we examined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomography. 28865155 1 94 theme mucilage 206:213 arg1 mucilage 206:213 mucilage 206:213 mucilage 206:213 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 28865155 1 94 theme mucilage 206:213 arg1 amounts 195:201 massive amounts 187:201 massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans 187:261 Root border cells lie on the surface of the root cap and secrete massive amounts of mucilage that contains polysaccharides and proteoglycans. 26123819 1 0 theme polysaccharide 162:175 arg1 AAP-2 202:206 AAP-2 202:206 AAP-2 202:206 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 0 theme polysaccharide 162:175 arg1 AAP-1 192:196 AAP-1 192:196 AAP-1 192:196 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 0 theme polysaccharide 162:175 arg1 sub-fractions 177:189 two polysaccharide sub-fractions 158:189 their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) 152:207 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 1 theme gel 258:260 arg1 chromatography 273:286 anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography 239:286 chromatography 273:286 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 2 theme sub-fractions 177:189 arg1 seed 134:137 seed 134:137 seed 134:137 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 3 theme filtration 262:271 arg1 chromatography 273:286 anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography 239:286 chromatography 273:286 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 3 4 theme Average 356:362 arg1 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 3 4 theme Average 356:362 arg1 weights 374:380 Average molecular weights 356:380 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' 356:422 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 activities 48:57 immunological activities 34:57 immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay 34:87 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 8 6 theme potentiation 1163:1174 arg1 effects 1176:1182 immune potentiation effects 1156:1182 immune potentiation effects on macrophages 1156:1197 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 3 7 theme molecular 364:372 arg1 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 3 7 theme molecular 364:372 arg1 weights 374:380 Average molecular weights 356:380 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' 356:422 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 6 8 theme In 768:769 arg1 study 777:781 In vitro study 768:781 In vitro study 768:781 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 7 9 theme NO 1055:1056 arg1 production 1058:1067 the NO production 1051:1067 the NO production 1051:1067 AAP-2' seemed to be the most potent and induced significantly higher the NO production. 26123819 8 10 theme immune 1156:1161 arg1 effects 1176:1182 immune potentiation effects 1156:1182 immune potentiation effects on macrophages 1156:1197 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 5 11 theme molar 714:718 arg1 percent 720:726 a molar percent 712:726 a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7 712:765 AAP-2 and AAP-2' were composed of Xyl, Rha, Gal and Glc in a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7. 26123819 0 12 from activities 48:57 arg1 adlay 83:87 adlay 83:87 adlay 83:87 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 6 13 dep molecules 883:891 arg1 NO 894:895 NO 894:895 NO 894:895 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 13 dep molecules 883:891 arg1 molecules 883:891 secretory molecules 873:891 secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) 873:912 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 13 dep molecules 883:891 arg1 IL-6 908:911 IL-6 908:911 IL-6 908:911 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 13 dep molecules 883:891 arg1 TNF-α 898:902 TNF-α 898:902 TNF-α 898:902 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 3 14 theme AAP-2 406:410 arg1 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 3 14 theme AAP-2 406:410 arg1 weights 374:380 Average molecular weights 356:380 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' 356:422 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 2 15 theme Ultrasonic 289:298 arg1 treatment 300:308 Ultrasonic treatment 289:308 Ultrasonic treatment 289:308 Ultrasonic treatment was put in place to obtain AAP-1' and AAP-2'. 26123819 6 16 from production 859:868 arg1 concentrations 948:961 concentrations 948:961 concentrations 948:961 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 1 17 theme Alkali-extractable 90:107 arg1 polysaccharides 109:123 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides 90:123 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) 90:207 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 18 from seed 134:137 arg1 polysaccharides 109:123 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides 90:123 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) 90:207 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 19 dep sub-fractions 177:189 arg1 AAP-2 202:206 AAP-2 202:206 AAP-2 202:206 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 19 dep sub-fractions 177:189 arg1 AAP-1 192:196 AAP-1 192:196 AAP-1 192:196 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 1 19 dep sub-fractions 177:189 arg1 sub-fractions 177:189 two polysaccharide sub-fractions 158:189 their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) 152:207 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 5 20 theme 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 731:745 arg1 percent 720:726 a molar percent 712:726 a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7 712:765 AAP-2 and AAP-2' were composed of Xyl, Rha, Gal and Glc in a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7. 26123819 0 21 theme treatment 21:29 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 0:88 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 4 22 theme 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 616:630 arg1 ratio 607:611 a molar ratio 599:611 a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7 599:650 Monosaccharides composition analysis indicated that AAP-1 and AAP-1' were composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7. 26123819 6 23 theme molecules 883:891 arg1 production 859:868 the production 855:868 the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations 855:961 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 0 24 theme ultrasonic 10:19 arg1 treatment 21:29 ultrasonic treatment 10:29 ultrasonic treatment 10:29 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 4 25 theme Monosaccharides 487:501 arg1 analysis 515:522 Monosaccharides composition analysis 487:522 Monosaccharides composition analysis 487:522 Monosaccharides composition analysis indicated that AAP-1 and AAP-1' were composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7. 26123819 8 26 contain have 1151:1154 arg1 polysaccharides 1113:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides 1098:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study 1098:1149 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 8 26 contain have 1151:1154 arg1 food 1239:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 8 26 contain have 1151:1154 arg2 effects 1176:1182 immune potentiation effects 1156:1182 immune potentiation effects on macrophages 1156:1197 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 4 27 theme 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7 636:650 arg1 ratio 607:611 a molar ratio 599:611 a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7 599:650 Monosaccharides composition analysis indicated that AAP-1 and AAP-1' were composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7. 26123819 6 28 theme secretory 873:881 arg1 NO 894:895 NO 894:895 NO 894:895 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 28 theme secretory 873:881 arg1 molecules 883:891 secretory molecules 873:891 secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) 873:912 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 28 theme secretory 873:881 arg1 IL-6 908:911 IL-6 908:911 IL-6 908:911 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 28 theme secretory 873:881 arg1 TNF-α 898:902 TNF-α 898:902 TNF-α 898:902 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 0 29 theme immunological 34:46 arg1 activities 48:57 immunological activities 34:57 immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay 34:87 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 0 30 from adlay 83:87 arg1 polysaccharides 62:76 polysaccharides 62:76 polysaccharides from adlay 62:87 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 0 30 from adlay 83:87 arg1 activities 48:57 immunological activities 34:57 immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay 34:87 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 3 31 theme AAP-1 398:402 arg1 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 3 31 theme AAP-1 398:402 arg1 weights 374:380 Average molecular weights 356:380 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' 356:422 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 4 32 theme composition 503:513 arg1 analysis 515:522 Monosaccharides composition analysis 487:522 Monosaccharides composition analysis 487:522 Monosaccharides composition analysis indicated that AAP-1 and AAP-1' were composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7. 26123819 6 33 dep In 768:769 arg1 vitro 771:775 vitro 771:775 vitro 771:775 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 3 34 theme AAP-2 417:421 arg1 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 3 34 theme AAP-2 417:421 arg1 weights 374:380 Average molecular weights 356:380 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' 356:422 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 8 35 theme ultrasonic 1102:1111 arg1 polysaccharides 1113:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides 1098:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study 1098:1149 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 8 35 theme ultrasonic 1102:1111 arg1 food 1239:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 8 36 theme health 1232:1237 arg1 polysaccharides 1113:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides 1098:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study 1098:1149 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 8 36 theme health 1232:1237 arg1 food 1239:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 4 37 theme molar 601:605 arg1 ratio 607:611 a molar ratio 599:611 a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7 599:650 Monosaccharides composition analysis indicated that AAP-1 and AAP-1' were composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, and Gal in a molar ratio of 1.1:0.4:0.7:0.5 and 1.4:1.6:0.4:0.7. 26123819 3 38 theme AAP-1 391:395 arg1 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Mws 383:385 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 3 38 theme AAP-1 391:395 arg1 weights 374:380 Average molecular weights 356:380 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' 356:422 Average molecular weights (Mws) of AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were 94.2 kDa, 63.1 kDa, 82.3 kDa, and 60.4 kDa, respectively. 26123819 8 39 theme beneficial 1221:1230 arg1 polysaccharides 1113:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides 1098:1127 the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study 1098:1149 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 8 39 theme beneficial 1221:1230 arg1 food 1239:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 a beneficial health food 1219:1242 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 6 40 theme macrophages 933:943 arg1 production 859:868 the production 855:868 the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations 855:961 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 1 41 theme adlay 142:146 arg1 seed 134:137 seed 134:137 seed 134:137 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 8 42 from effects 1176:1182 arg1 macrophages 1187:1197 macrophages 1187:1197 macrophages 1187:1197 These findings suggest that the ultrasonic polysaccharides isolated in our study have immune potentiation effects on macrophages and should serve as a beneficial health food. 26123819 6 43 theme RAW264.7 917:924 arg1 macrophages 933:943 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 917:943 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 917:943 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 6 44 theme murine 926:931 arg1 macrophages 933:943 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 917:943 RAW264.7 murine macrophages 917:943 In vitro study showed that AAP-1, AAP-1', AAP-2, and AAP-2' were all able to encourage the production of secretory molecules (NO, TNF-α and IL-6) of RAW264.7 murine macrophages in concentrations determines manner. 26123819 1 45 theme anion-exchange 239:252 arg1 chromatography 273:286 anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography 239:286 chromatography 273:286 Alkali-extractable polysaccharides from the seed of adlay and their two polysaccharide sub-fractions (AAP-1 and AAP-2) were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. 26123819 0 46 theme polysaccharides 62:76 arg1 activities 48:57 immunological activities 34:57 immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay 34:87 Effect of ultrasonic treatment on immunological activities of polysaccharides from adlay. 26123819 5 47 theme 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7 751:765 arg1 percent 720:726 a molar percent 712:726 a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7 712:765 AAP-2 and AAP-2' were composed of Xyl, Rha, Gal and Glc in a molar percent of 0.4:1.4:1.6:0.5 and 0.3:1.6:1.1:0.7. 26499088 0 0 theme Brassica 94:101 arg1 L 108:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 1 from extraction 16:25 arg1 L 108:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 4 2 theme G-100 787:791 arg1 columns 745:751 chromatographic columns 729:751 chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 729:791 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 3 3 theme extraction 647:656 arg1 water 667:671 extraction solvent (water) 647:672 extraction solvent (water) 647:672 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 2 4 theme extraction 320:329 arg1 optimization 331:342 extraction optimization 320:342 extraction optimization 320:342 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 3 5 theme solvent 658:664 arg1 water 667:671 extraction solvent (water) 647:672 extraction solvent (water) 647:672 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 1 6 theme Uyghur 222:227 arg1 nationality 229:239 Uyghur nationality 222:239 Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China 222:284 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 6 7 theme natural 1369:1375 arg1 antioxidant 1377:1387 a natural antioxidant 1367:1387 a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines 1367:1420 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 6 7 theme natural 1369:1375 arg1 it 1347:1348 it 1347:1348 it 1347:1348 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 3 8 theme time 624:627 arg1 4.3h 629:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 8 theme time 624:627 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 2 9 dep B. 432:433 arg1 L 440:440 rapa L 435:440 B. rapa L. (BRP) 432:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 2 10 from root 424:427 arg1 characterization 345:360 characterization 345:360 characterization 345:360 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 2 10 from root 424:427 arg1 activity 378:385 antioxidant activity 366:385 antioxidant activity in vitro 366:394 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 2 10 from root 424:427 arg1 optimization 331:342 extraction optimization 320:342 extraction optimization 320:342 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 2 10 from root 424:427 arg1 polysaccharides 399:413 polysaccharides 399:413 polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) 399:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 0 11 theme rapa 103:106 arg1 L 108:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 12 from activity 61:68 arg1 L 108:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 1 13 dep rapa 132:135 arg1 L. 137:138 Brassica rapa L. 123:138 Brassica rapa L. 123:138 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 2 14 theme present 294:300 arg1 study 302:306 the present study 290:306 the present study 290:306 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 4 15 theme molecular 874:882 arg1 weight 884:889 average molecular weight 866:889 average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa 866:915 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 4 16 theme DEAE-52 756:762 arg1 cellulose 764:772 DEAE-52 cellulose 756:772 DEAE-52 cellulose 756:772 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 3 17 theme extraction 480:489 arg1 93°C 607:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 17 theme extraction 480:489 arg1 4.3h 629:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 17 theme extraction 480:489 arg1 ratio 638:642 ratio 638:642 ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 638:688 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 17 theme extraction 480:489 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 17 theme extraction 480:489 arg1 follows 575:581 follows 575:581 follows 575:581 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 5 18 theme 1.27 1217:1220 arg1 ratio 1208:1212 a molar ratio 1200:1212 a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92 1200:1227 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 2 19 theme B. 432:433 arg1 root 424:427 the root 420:427 the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) 420:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 3 20 with conditions 491:500 arg1 yield 521:525 an extraction yield 507:525 an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 507:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 5 21 theme galacturonic 1094:1105 arg1 rhamnose 1084:1091 rhamnose 1084:1091 rhamnose 1084:1091 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 5 21 theme galacturonic 1094:1105 arg1 acid 1107:1110 galacturonic acid 1094:1110 galacturonic acid 1094:1110 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 2 22 theme antioxidant 366:376 arg1 activity 378:385 antioxidant activity 366:385 antioxidant activity in vitro 366:394 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 0 23 from characterization 28:43 arg1 L 108:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Brassica rapa L 94:108 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 3 24 theme temperature 595:605 arg1 93°C 607:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 24 theme temperature 595:605 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 6 25 theme functional 1392:1401 arg1 foods 1403:1407 functional foods 1392:1407 functional foods 1392:1407 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 6 26 theme purified 1320:1327 arg1 fractions 1329:1337 purified fractions 1320:1337 purified fractions 1320:1337 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 1 27 theme Uygur 253:257 arg1 Region 270:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 244:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China 244:284 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 4 28 theme cellulose 764:772 arg1 columns 745:751 chromatographic columns 729:751 chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 729:791 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 4 29 theme kDa 913:915 arg1 weight 884:889 average molecular weight 866:889 average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa 866:915 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 5 30 theme composition 947:957 arg1 analysis 959:966 Monosaccharide composition analysis 932:966 Monosaccharide composition analysis 932:966 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 1 31 theme Uyghur 173:178 arg1 medicine 185:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 1 31 theme Uyghur 173:178 arg1 root 115:118 The root 111:118 The root of Brassica rapa L. 111:138 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 1 32 theme Autonomous 259:268 arg1 Region 270:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 244:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China 244:284 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 2 33 from optimization 331:342 arg1 root 424:427 the root 420:427 the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) 420:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 3 34 theme extraction 510:519 arg1 yield 521:525 an extraction yield 507:525 an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 507:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 1 35 theme folk 180:183 arg1 medicine 185:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 1 35 theme folk 180:183 arg1 root 115:118 The root 111:118 The root of Brassica rapa L. 111:138 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 0 36 theme extraction 16:25 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 0:109 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 3 37 theme water 667:671 arg1 ratio 638:642 ratio 638:642 ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 638:688 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 37 theme water 667:671 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 4 38 theme BRP-1-1 832:838 arg1 fractions 819:827 three purified fractions 804:827 three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 804:859 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 4 39 theme BRP-2-1 841:847 arg1 fractions 819:827 three purified fractions 804:827 three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 804:859 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 6 40 from antioxidant 1377:1387 arg1 foods 1403:1407 functional foods 1392:1407 functional foods 1392:1407 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 6 40 from antioxidant 1377:1387 arg1 medicines 1412:1420 medicines 1412:1420 medicines 1412:1420 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 5 41 theme molar 1202:1206 arg1 ratio 1208:1212 a molar ratio 1200:1212 a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92 1200:1227 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 5 42 from acid 1192:1195 arg1 ratio 1208:1212 a molar ratio 1200:1212 a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92 1200:1227 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 3 43 theme extraction 584:593 arg1 93°C 607:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 43 theme extraction 584:593 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 44 theme % 542:542 arg1 yield 521:525 an extraction yield 507:525 an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 507:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 0 45 theme characterization 28:43 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 0:109 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 1 46 theme China 280:284 arg1 Region 270:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 244:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China 244:284 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 1 47 from nationality 229:239 arg1 Region 270:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 244:275 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China 244:284 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 4 48 theme Sephadex 778:785 arg1 G-100 787:791 Sephadex G-100 778:791 Sephadex G-100 778:791 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 4 49 theme average 866:872 arg1 weight 884:889 average molecular weight 866:889 average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa 866:915 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 0 50 theme activity 61:68 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 0:109 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 4 51 theme purified 810:817 arg1 fractions 819:827 three purified fractions 804:827 three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 804:859 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 3 52 theme raw 677:679 arg1 material 681:688 raw material 677:688 raw material 677:688 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 53 theme ± 536:536 arg1 % 542:542 21.48 ± 0.41% 530:542 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 530:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 2 54 from characterization 345:360 arg1 root 424:427 the root 420:427 the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) 420:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 0 55 theme antioxidant 49:59 arg1 activity 61:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 6 56 theme antioxidant 1285:1295 arg1 activity 1297:1304 relatively higher antioxidant activity 1267:1304 relatively higher antioxidant activity 1267:1304 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 5 57 theme Monosaccharide 932:945 arg1 analysis 959:966 Monosaccharide composition analysis 932:966 Monosaccharide composition analysis 932:966 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 4 58 theme chromatographic 729:743 arg1 columns 745:751 chromatographic columns 729:751 chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 729:791 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 2 59 from activity 378:385 arg1 root 424:427 the root 420:427 the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) 420:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 3 60 theme extraction 613:622 arg1 4.3h 629:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 60 theme extraction 613:622 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 4 61 theme crude 703:707 arg1 BRP 709:711 The crude BRP 699:711 The crude BRP 699:711 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 26499088 5 62 dep 1.27 1217:1220 arg1 54.92 1223:1227 54.92 1223:1227 54.92 1223:1227 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 1 63 theme Brassica 123:130 arg1 rapa 132:135 Brassica rapa L. 123:138 Brassica rapa L. 123:138 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 5 64 from rhamnose 1166:1173 arg1 ratio 1208:1212 a molar ratio 1200:1212 a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92 1200:1227 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 6 65 theme crude 1247:1251 arg1 BRP 1253:1255 the crude BRP 1243:1255 the crude BRP 1243:1255 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 0 66 from L 108:108 arg1 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 66 from L 108:108 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 polysaccharides 73:87 polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L 73:108 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 66 from L 108:108 arg1 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 66 from L 108:108 arg1 activity 61:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 6 67 used used 1359:1362 arg2 it 1347:1348 it 1347:1348 it 1347:1348 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 6 67 used used 1359:1362 arg2 antioxidant 1377:1387 a natural antioxidant 1367:1387 a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines 1367:1420 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 1 68 theme rapa 132:135 arg1 medicine 185:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 1 68 theme rapa 132:135 arg1 root 115:118 The root 111:118 The root of Brassica rapa L. 111:138 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 5 69 theme galacturonic 1179:1190 arg1 acid 1192:1195 galacturonic acid 1179:1195 galacturonic acid 1179:1195 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that BRP-1-1 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and arabinose, BRP-2-1 was composed of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose, and BRP-2-2 was composed of rhamnose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.27: 54.92. 26499088 3 70 dep follows 575:581 arg1 mL/g 693:696 75 mL/g 690:696 75 mL/g 690:696 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 0 71 theme polysaccharides 73:87 arg1 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 extraction 16:25 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 71 theme polysaccharides 73:87 arg1 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 0 71 theme polysaccharides 73:87 arg1 activity 61:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 Optimization of extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. 26499088 3 72 theme crude 548:552 arg1 BRP 554:556 crude BRP 548:556 crude BRP 548:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 2 73 theme polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 characterization 345:360 characterization 345:360 characterization 345:360 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 2 73 theme polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 activity 378:385 antioxidant activity 366:385 antioxidant activity in vitro 366:394 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 2 73 theme polysaccharides 399:413 arg1 optimization 331:342 extraction optimization 320:342 extraction optimization 320:342 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 6 74 theme higher 1278:1283 arg1 activity 1297:1304 relatively higher antioxidant activity 1267:1304 relatively higher antioxidant activity 1267:1304 Furthermore, the crude BRP exhibited relatively higher antioxidant activity in vitro than purified fractions; hence, it could be used as a natural antioxidant in functional foods or medicines. 26499088 2 75 theme rapa 435:438 arg1 L 440:440 rapa L 435:440 B. rapa L. (BRP) 432:447 In the present study, therefore, extraction optimization, characterization and antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from the root of B. rapa L. (BRP) were investigated. 26499088 1 76 used used 163:166 arg2 root 115:118 The root 111:118 The root of Brassica rapa L. 111:138 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 1 76 used used 163:166 arg2 medicine 185:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 a Uyghur folk medicine 171:192 The root of Brassica rapa L. has been traditionally used as a Uyghur folk medicine to cure cough and asthma by Uyghur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. 26499088 3 77 theme optimal 472:478 arg1 93°C 607:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 extraction temperature 93°C 584:610 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 77 theme optimal 472:478 arg1 4.3h 629:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 extraction time 4.3h 613:632 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 77 theme optimal 472:478 arg1 ratio 638:642 ratio 638:642 ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 638:688 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 77 theme optimal 472:478 arg1 conditions 491:500 The optimal extraction conditions 468:500 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP 468:556 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 3 77 theme optimal 472:478 arg1 follows 575:581 follows 575:581 follows 575:581 The optimal extraction conditions with an extraction yield of 21.48 ± 0.41% for crude BRP were obtained as follows: extraction temperature 93°C, extraction time 4.3h and ratio of extraction solvent (water) to raw material 75 mL/g. 26499088 4 78 theme BRP-2-2 853:859 arg1 fractions 819:827 three purified fractions 804:827 three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 804:859 The crude BRP was purified by chromatographic columns of DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100, affording three purified fractions of BRP-1-1, BRP-2-1 and BRP-2-2 with average molecular weight of 1510, 1110 and 838 kDa, respectively. 29106454 8 0 used occupied 1040:1047 arg2 Results 992:998 Key Results 988:998 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces 988:1038 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 9 1 theme cell 1262:1265 arg1 death 1267:1271 cell death 1262:1271 cell death 1262:1271 As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. 29106454 6 2 theme lignin 782:787 arg1 analyses 732:739 analyses 732:739 analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling 732:809 We performed analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling. 29106454 11 3 theme same 1660:1663 arg1 time 1665:1668 the same time 1656:1668 the same time decreasing permeability to gases 1656:1701 Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases. 29106454 10 4 theme composites 1399:1408 arg1 formation 1376:1384 the formation 1372:1384 the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin 1372:1473 Mixed-linkage β-glucan was degraded along with some homogalacturonan and galactan, culminating in the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin. 29106454 8 5 theme aerenchyma 1007:1016 arg1 formation 1018:1026 aerenchyma formation 1007:1026 aerenchyma formation 1007:1026 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 8 5 theme aerenchyma 1007:1016 arg1 spaces 1033:1038 gas spaces 1029:1038 gas spaces 1029:1038 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 2 6 from role 280:283 arg1 process 307:313 this process 302:313 this process 302:313 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 1 7 theme volatile 233:240 arg1 substances 242:251 volatile substances 233:251 volatile substances 233:251 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 11 8 theme physical-chemical 1536:1552 arg1 properties 1554:1563 the physical-chemical properties 1532:1563 the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers 1532:1583 Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases. 29106454 6 9 theme oligosaccharides 761:776 arg1 analyses 732:739 analyses 732:739 analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling 732:809 We performed analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling. 29106454 10 10 theme Mixed-linkage 1274:1286 arg1 β-glucan 1288:1295 Mixed-linkage β-glucan 1274:1295 Mixed-linkage β-glucan 1274:1295 Mixed-linkage β-glucan was degraded along with some homogalacturonan and galactan, culminating in the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin. 29106454 8 11 theme Key 988:990 arg1 Results 992:998 Key Results 988:998 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces 988:1038 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 2 12 theme cell 288:291 arg1 walls 293:297 cell walls 288:297 cell walls 288:297 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 11 13 dep Conclusion 1476:1485 arg1 seem 1509:1512 seem 1509:1512 seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases 1509:1701 Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases. 29106454 10 14 dep homogalacturonan 1326:1341 arg1 some 1321:1324 some 1321:1324 some 1321:1324 Mixed-linkage β-glucan was degraded along with some homogalacturonan and galactan, culminating in the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin. 29106454 2 15 theme formation 353:361 arg1 mechanism 329:337 the mechanism 325:337 the mechanism of aerenchyma formation 325:361 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 5 16 theme cell 694:697 arg1 fractionation 704:716 cell wall fractionation 694:716 cell wall fractionation 694:716 These roots were divided into 1-cm segments and subjected to cell wall fractionation. 29106454 0 17 from formation 29:37 arg1 roots 66:70 sugarcane roots 56:70 sugarcane roots 56:70 Cell wall changes during the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 9 18 theme lamellae 1187:1194 arg1 dissolution 1161:1171 dissolution 1161:1171 dissolution of the middle lamellae 1161:1194 As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. 29106454 6 19 theme monosaccharides 744:758 arg1 analyses 732:739 analyses 732:739 analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling 732:809 We performed analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling. 29106454 4 20 theme Methods 556:562 arg1 Sections 564:571 Methods Sections 556:571 Methods Sections of roots (5 cm) 556:587 Methods Sections of roots (5 cm) were subjected to microtomography analysis. 29106454 2 21 theme aerenchyma 342:351 arg1 formation 353:361 aerenchyma formation 342:361 aerenchyma formation 342:361 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 8 22 dep 40  1055:1057 arg1 to 1052:1053 to 1052:1053 to 1052:1053 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 5 23 theme wall 699:702 arg1 fractionation 704:716 cell wall fractionation 694:716 cell wall fractionation 694:716 These roots were divided into 1-cm segments and subjected to cell wall fractionation. 29106454 1 24 theme Background 73:82 arg1 Aerenchyma 93:102 Background and Aims Aerenchyma 73:102 Background and Aims Aerenchyma 73:102 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 0 25 theme Cell 0:3 arg1 wall 5:8 Cell wall 0:8 Cell wall 0:8 Cell wall changes during the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 8 26 theme gas 1029:1031 arg1 formation 1018:1026 aerenchyma formation 1007:1026 aerenchyma formation 1007:1026 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 8 26 theme gas 1029:1031 arg1 spaces 1033:1038 gas spaces 1029:1038 gas spaces 1029:1038 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 3 27 theme aerenchyma 525:534 arg1 formation 512:520 the formation 508:520 the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots 508:553 We assessed the role that cell wall-related mechanisms might play in the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 1 28 theme intercellular 169:181 arg1 spaces 183:188 intercellular spaces 169:188 intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances 169:251 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 2 29 theme cell 394:397 arg1 death 399:403 programmed cell death 383:403 programmed cell death 383:403 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 10 30 theme cell 1389:1392 arg1 composites 1399:1408 cell wall composites 1389:1408 cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin 1389:1473 Mixed-linkage β-glucan was degraded along with some homogalacturonan and galactan, culminating in the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin. 29106454 8 31 theme cross-section 1074:1086 arg1 % 1058:1058 up to 40 % 1049:1058 up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section 1049:1086 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 8 31 theme cross-section 1074:1086 arg1 cross-section 1074:1086 the cortex cross-section 1063:1086 the cortex cross-section 1063:1086 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 7 32 theme polysaccharide 929:942 arg1 epitopes 944:951 polysaccharide epitopes 929:951 polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles 929:985 Sections were visualized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling using selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles. 29106454 1 33 theme Aims 88:91 arg1 Aerenchyma 93:102 Background and Aims Aerenchyma 73:102 Background and Aims Aerenchyma 73:102 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 7 34 theme glycome 970:976 arg1 profiles 978:985 the glycome profiles 966:985 the glycome profiles 966:985 Sections were visualized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling using selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles. 29106454 1 35 theme spaces 183:188 arg1 formation 156:164 the formation 152:164 the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances 152:251 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 2 36 theme programmed 383:392 arg1 death 399:403 programmed cell death 383:403 programmed cell death 383:403 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 8 37 theme cortex 1067:1072 arg1 cross-section 1074:1086 the cortex cross-section 1063:1086 the cortex cross-section 1063:1086 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 6 38 dep lignin 782:787 arg1 profiling 801:809 profiling 801:809 profiling 801:809 We performed analyses of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and lignin and glycome profiling. 29106454 10 39 theme wall 1394:1397 arg1 composites 1399:1408 cell wall composites 1389:1408 cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin 1389:1473 Mixed-linkage β-glucan was degraded along with some homogalacturonan and galactan, culminating in the formation of cell wall composites made of xyloglucan, arabinoxylans, cellulose and possibly lignin. 29106454 5 40 theme 1-cm 663:666 arg1 segments 668:675 1-cm segments 663:675 1-cm segments 663:675 These roots were divided into 1-cm segments and subjected to cell wall fractionation. 29106454 9 41 theme cell 1208:1211 arg1 separation 1213:1222 cell separation 1208:1222 cell separation 1208:1222 As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. 29106454 4 42 theme microtomography 607:621 arg1 analysis 623:630 microtomography analysis 607:630 microtomography analysis 607:630 Methods Sections of roots (5 cm) were subjected to microtomography analysis. 29106454 2 43 theme wall 419:422 arg1 modifications 424:436 some cell wall modifications 409:436 some cell wall modifications 409:436 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 11 44 theme gas 1572:1574 arg1 chambers 1576:1583 the gas chambers 1568:1583 the gas chambers 1568:1583 Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases. 29106454 2 45 theme cell 414:417 arg1 modifications 424:436 some cell wall modifications 409:436 some cell wall modifications 409:436 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 8 46 theme root 1117:1120 arg1 5 cm 1105:1108 the first 5 cm 1095:1108 the first 5 cm of the root 1095:1120 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 11 47 theme chambers 1576:1583 arg1 properties 1554:1563 the physical-chemical properties 1532:1563 the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers 1532:1583 Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases. 29106454 8 48 theme first 1099:1103 arg1 5 cm 1105:1108 the first 5 cm 1095:1108 the first 5 cm of the root 1095:1120 Key Results During aerenchyma formation, gas spaces occupied up to 40 % of the cortex cross-section within the first 5 cm of the root. 29106454 9 49 theme cell 1225:1228 arg1 expansion 1230:1238 cell expansion 1225:1238 cell expansion 1225:1238 As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. 29106454 3 50 theme sugarcane 539:547 arg1 roots 549:553 sugarcane roots 539:553 sugarcane roots 539:553 We assessed the role that cell wall-related mechanisms might play in the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 7 51 theme monoclonal 899:908 arg1 antibodies 910:919 selected monoclonal antibodies 890:919 selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles 890:985 Sections were visualized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling using selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles. 29106454 9 52 theme middle 1180:1185 arg1 lamellae 1187:1194 the middle lamellae 1176:1194 the middle lamellae 1176:1194 As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. 29106454 1 53 theme different 116:124 arg1 organs 132:137 different plant organs 116:137 different plant organs 116:137 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 3 54 from formation 512:520 arg1 roots 549:553 sugarcane roots 539:553 sugarcane roots 539:553 We assessed the role that cell wall-related mechanisms might play in the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 11 55 theme mechanical 1596:1605 arg1 resistance 1607:1616 mechanical resistance 1596:1616 mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases 1596:1701 Conclusion The composites formed seem to play a role in the physical-chemical properties of the gas chambers, providing mechanical resistance to forces acting upon the root and at the same time decreasing permeability to gases. 29106454 1 56 theme plant 126:130 arg1 organs 132:137 different plant organs 116:137 different plant organs 116:137 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 2 57 theme walls 293:297 arg1 role 280:283 the role 276:283 the role of cell walls in this process 276:313 Little is known about the role of cell walls in this process, although the mechanism of aerenchyma formation is known to involve programmed cell death and some cell wall modifications. 29106454 0 58 theme sugarcane 56:64 arg1 roots 66:70 sugarcane roots 56:70 sugarcane roots 56:70 Cell wall changes during the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 1 59 used used 202:205 arg2 spaces 183:188 intercellular spaces 169:188 intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances 169:251 Background and Aims Aerenchyma develops in different plant organs and leads to the formation of intercellular spaces that can be used by the plant to transport volatile substances. 29106454 3 60 theme cell 465:468 arg1 mechanisms 483:492 cell wall-related mechanisms 465:492 cell wall-related mechanisms 465:492 We assessed the role that cell wall-related mechanisms might play in the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 7 61 theme selected 890:897 arg1 antibodies 910:919 selected monoclonal antibodies 890:919 selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles 890:985 Sections were visualized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling using selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles. 29106454 4 62 theme roots 576:580 arg1 Sections 564:571 Methods Sections 556:571 Methods Sections of roots (5 cm) 556:587 Methods Sections of roots (5 cm) were subjected to microtomography analysis. 29106454 0 63 theme aerenchyma 42:51 arg1 formation 29:37 the formation 25:37 the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots 25:70 Cell wall changes during the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 9 64 theme cortex 1138:1143 arg1 cells 1145:1149 the cortex cells 1134:1149 the cortex cells 1134:1149 As some of the cortex cells underwent dissolution of the middle lamellae, leading to cell separation, cell expansion took place along with cell death. 29106454 3 65 theme wall-related 470:481 arg1 mechanisms 483:492 cell wall-related mechanisms 465:492 cell wall-related mechanisms 465:492 We assessed the role that cell wall-related mechanisms might play in the formation of aerenchyma in sugarcane roots. 29106454 7 66 theme immunogold 863:872 arg1 labelling 874:882 immunogold labelling 863:882 immunogold labelling 863:882 Sections were visualized by immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling using selected monoclonal antibodies against polysaccharide epitopes according to the glycome profiles. 27167303 11 0 theme screening 2099:2107 arg1 platform 2109:2116 the screening platform 2095:2116 the screening platform 2095:2116 Thereby, the screening platform enables a huge flexibility in order to identify various EPS. 27167303 9 1 theme screening 1901:1909 arg1 platform 1911:1918 this screening platform 1896:1918 this screening platform 1896:1918 All the analytical modules of this screening platform can be combined in different ways and adjusted to individual requirements. 27167303 8 2 theme electrospray 1655:1666 arg1 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 2 theme electrospray 1655:1666 arg1 detection 1688:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection 1655:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1655:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 6 3 theme phenol-sulfuric-acid 1272:1291 arg1 transformation 1293:1306 a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1270:1306 a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1270:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 4 theme polymer 1166:1172 arg1 formation 1174:1182 polymer formation 1166:1182 polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1166:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 8 5 theme pyruvate 1741:1748 arg1 determination 1724:1736 the determination 1720:1736 the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1720:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 5 theme pyruvate 1741:1748 arg1 modules 1518:1524 two essential modules 1504:1524 two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1504:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 5 theme pyruvate 1741:1748 arg1 analysis 1531:1538 the analysis 1527:1538 the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1527:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 11 6 theme huge 2128:2131 arg1 flexibility 2133:2143 a huge flexibility 2126:2143 a huge flexibility in order to identify various EPS 2126:2176 Thereby, the screening platform enables a huge flexibility in order to identify various EPS. 27167303 6 7 theme carbohydrate 1245:1256 arg1 content 1258:1264 the total carbohydrate content 1235:1264 the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1235:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 3 8 theme exopolysaccharide 580:596 arg1 producers 598:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 9 9 theme different 1939:1947 arg1 ways 1949:1952 different ways 1939:1952 different ways 1939:1952 All the analytical modules of this screening platform can be combined in different ways and adjusted to individual requirements. 27167303 3 10 theme natural 562:568 arg1 producers 598:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 8 11 theme selected 1439:1446 arg1 producers 1452:1460 all the selected EPS producers 1431:1460 all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation 1431:1863 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 6 12 theme total 1239:1243 arg1 content 1258:1264 the total carbohydrate content 1235:1264 the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1235:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 8 13 theme pyruvate 1788:1795 arg1 ketal 1797:1801 pyruvate ketal 1788:1801 pyruvate ketal 1788:1801 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 14 theme first 1480:1484 arg1 part 1486:1489 the first part 1476:1489 the first part 1476:1489 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 3 15 theme carbohydrate 627:638 arg1 fingerprint 640:650 the carbohydrate fingerprint 623:650 the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT) 623:719 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 8 16 theme enzymatic 1808:1816 arg1 oxidation 1818:1826 enzymatic oxidation 1808:1826 enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation 1808:1863 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 6 17 theme automated 985:993 arg1 system 1005:1010 an automated screening system 982:1010 an automated screening system 982:1010 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 2 18 theme EPS 492:494 arg1 EPS 492:494 EPS 492:494 EPS produced by microorganisms 492:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 2 18 theme EPS 492:494 arg1 type 469:472 the type 465:472 the type 465:472 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 2 18 theme EPS 492:494 arg1 amount 482:487 the amount 478:487 the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 478:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 0 19 theme Sensitive 91:99 arg1 Analysis 126:133 Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis 84:133 Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis 84:133 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 5 20 contain has 881:883 arg1 platform 872:879 The platform 868:879 The platform 868:879 The platform has a modular setup, which allows a separation of the protocol into two major parts. 27167303 5 20 contain has 881:883 arg2 setup 895:899 a modular setup 885:899 a modular setup 885:899 The platform has a modular setup, which allows a separation of the protocol into two major parts. 27167303 0 21 theme Fingerprint 114:124 arg1 Analysis 126:133 Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis 84:133 Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis 84:133 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 4 22 theme strain 786:791 arg1 variants 793:800 strain variants 786:800 strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches 786:849 Using this platform, strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches can be screened. 27167303 11 23 theme various 2166:2172 arg1 EPS 2174:2176 various EPS 2166:2176 various EPS 2166:2176 Thereby, the screening platform enables a huge flexibility in order to identify various EPS. 27167303 6 24 dep modules 1063:1069 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 24 dep modules 1063:1069 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 24 dep modules 1063:1069 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 24 dep modules 1063:1069 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 2 25 theme handling 403:410 arg1 system 412:417 a liquid handling system 394:417 a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 394:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 0 26 theme Automated 0:8 arg1 Screening 52:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening 0:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 5 27 theme protocol 935:942 arg1 separation 917:926 a separation 915:926 a separation of the protocol into two major parts 915:963 The platform has a modular setup, which allows a separation of the protocol into two major parts. 27167303 6 28 theme detection 1053:1061 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 28 theme detection 1053:1061 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 28 theme detection 1053:1061 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 28 theme detection 1053:1061 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 0 29 theme High 18:21 arg1 Screening 52:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening 0:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 1 30 theme Many 136:139 arg1 microorganisms 141:154 Many microorganisms 136:154 Many microorganisms 136:154 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 6 31 theme different 1028:1036 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 31 theme different 1028:1036 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 31 theme different 1028:1036 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 31 theme different 1028:1036 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 2 32 theme amount 482:487 arg1 analysis 453:460 the fast and reliable analysis 431:460 the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 431:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 8 33 theme complete 1547:1554 arg1 composition 1564:1574 the complete monomer composition 1543:1574 the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1543:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 0 34 theme Exopolysaccharide 34:50 arg1 Screening 52:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening 0:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 1 35 theme chemicals 329:337 arg1 replacement 302:312 the replacement 298:312 the replacement of petro-based chemicals 298:337 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 8 36 theme composition 1564:1574 arg1 determination 1724:1736 the determination 1720:1736 the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1720:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 36 theme composition 1564:1574 arg1 modules 1518:1524 two essential modules 1504:1524 two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1504:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 36 theme composition 1564:1574 arg1 analysis 1531:1538 the analysis 1527:1538 the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1527:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 3 37 theme corresponding 659:671 arg1 polymers 673:680 the corresponding polymers 655:680 the corresponding polymers within one day 655:695 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 8 38 theme monosaccharide 1403:1416 arg1 analysis 1418:1425 a detailed monosaccharide analysis 1392:1425 a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation 1392:1863 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 39 theme ultra-high 1580:1589 arg1 chromatography 1610:1623 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography 1580:1623 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1580:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 2 40 theme analytical 355:364 arg1 platform 366:373 an analytical platform 352:373 an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 352:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 8 41 theme ionization 1668:1677 arg1 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 41 theme ionization 1668:1677 arg1 detection 1688:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection 1655:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1655:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 6 42 theme formation 1114:1122 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 42 theme formation 1114:1122 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 42 theme formation 1114:1122 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 42 theme formation 1114:1122 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 10 43 theme liquid 2062:2067 arg1 system 2078:2083 a liquid handling system 2060:2083 a liquid handling system 2060:2083 Additionally, they can all be handled manually or performed with a liquid handling system. 27167303 8 44 theme liquid 1603:1608 arg1 chromatography 1610:1623 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography 1580:1623 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1580:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 45 theme trap 1683:1686 arg1 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 45 theme trap 1683:1686 arg1 detection 1688:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection 1655:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1655:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 1 46 theme food 274:277 arg1 fields 266:271 medical fields 258:271 medical fields 258:271 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 1 46 theme food 274:277 arg1 applications 279:290 food applications 274:290 food applications 274:290 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 6 47 theme semi-quantitative 1074:1090 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 47 theme semi-quantitative 1074:1090 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 8 48 theme ultra 1638:1642 arg1 violet 1644:1649 ultra violet 1638:1649 ultra violet 1638:1649 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 6 49 theme formation 1174:1182 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 49 theme formation 1174:1182 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 49 theme formation 1174:1182 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 49 theme formation 1174:1182 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 9 50 theme platform 1911:1918 arg1 modules 1885:1891 All the analytical modules 1866:1891 All the analytical modules of this screening platform 1866:1918 All the analytical modules of this screening platform can be combined in different ways and adjusted to individual requirements. 27167303 6 51 theme content 1258:1264 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 51 theme content 1258:1264 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 51 theme content 1258:1264 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 51 theme content 1258:1264 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 3 52 theme microbial 570:578 arg1 producers 598:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 3 53 theme novel 556:560 arg1 producers 598:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers 556:606 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 7 54 dep 384 1346:1348 arg1 to 1343:1344 to 1343:1344 to 1343:1344 Here, it is possible to screen up to 384 strains per run. 27167303 8 55 theme EPS 1448:1450 arg1 producers 1452:1460 all the selected EPS producers 1431:1460 all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation 1431:1863 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 56 theme polymer 1755:1761 arg1 substituent 1763:1773 a polymer substituent 1753:1773 a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1753:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 1 57 theme important 232:240 arg1 implications 242:253 important implications 232:253 important implications 232:253 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 9 58 theme individual 1970:1979 arg1 requirements 1981:1992 individual requirements 1970:1992 individual requirements 1970:1992 All the analytical modules of this screening platform can be combined in different ways and adjusted to individual requirements. 27167303 8 59 theme ketal 1797:1801 arg1 presence 1776:1783 presence 1776:1783 presence of pyruvate ketal 1776:1801 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 5 60 theme modular 887:893 arg1 setup 895:899 a modular setup 885:899 a modular setup 885:899 The platform has a modular setup, which allows a separation of the protocol into two major parts. 27167303 6 61 theme screening 995:1003 arg1 system 1005:1010 an automated screening system 982:1010 an automated screening system 982:1010 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 62 theme alcohol 1188:1194 arg1 precipitation 1196:1208 alcohol precipitation 1188:1208 alcohol precipitation 1188:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 0 63 theme Carbohydrate 101:112 arg1 Analysis 126:133 Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis 84:133 Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis 84:133 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 8 64 theme essential 1508:1516 arg1 determination 1724:1736 the determination 1720:1736 the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1720:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 64 theme essential 1508:1516 arg1 modules 1518:1524 two essential modules 1504:1524 two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1504:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 64 theme essential 1508:1516 arg1 analysis 1531:1538 the analysis 1527:1538 the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1527:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 65 dep substituent 1763:1773 arg1 presence 1776:1783 presence 1776:1783 presence of pyruvate ketal 1776:1801 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 5 66 theme major 953:957 arg1 parts 959:963 two major parts 949:963 two major parts 949:963 The platform has a modular setup, which allows a separation of the protocol into two major parts. 27167303 3 67 from fingerprint 640:650 arg1 HT 717:718 HT 717:718 HT 717:718 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 3 67 from fingerprint 640:650 arg1 high-throughput 700:714 high-throughput 700:714 high-throughput (HT) 700:719 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 0 68 theme Modular 10:16 arg1 Screening 52:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening 0:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 4 69 theme strain 743:748 arg1 collections 750:760 strain collections 743:760 strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches 743:849 Using this platform, strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches can be screened. 27167303 2 70 theme liquid 396:401 arg1 system 412:417 a liquid handling system 394:417 a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 394:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 0 71 theme Throughput 23:32 arg1 Screening 52:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening 0:60 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 8 72 theme color 1849:1853 arg1 formation 1855:1863 a color formation 1847:1863 a color formation 1847:1863 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 6 73 theme polysaccharide 1038:1051 arg1 modules 1063:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules 1028:1069 different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1028:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 73 theme polysaccharide 1038:1051 arg1 analysis 1154:1161 an analysis 1151:1161 an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation 1151:1208 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 73 theme polysaccharide 1038:1051 arg1 analysis 1092:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis 1072:1099 a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1072:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 6 73 theme polysaccharide 1038:1051 arg1 determination 1218:1230 the determination 1214:1230 the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation 1214:1306 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 2 74 theme reliable 444:451 arg1 analysis 453:460 the fast and reliable analysis 431:460 the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 431:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 8 75 theme monomer 1556:1562 arg1 composition 1564:1574 the complete monomer composition 1543:1574 the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1543:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 3 76 theme polymers 673:680 arg1 fingerprint 640:650 the carbohydrate fingerprint 623:650 the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT) 623:719 It enables the user to identify novel natural microbial exopolysaccharide producers and to analyze the carbohydrate fingerprint of the corresponding polymers within one day in high-throughput (HT). 27167303 8 77 theme second 1371:1376 arg1 part 1378:1381 The second part 1367:1381 The second part 1367:1381 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 2 78 theme fast 435:438 arg1 analysis 453:460 the fast and reliable analysis 431:460 the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 431:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 0 79 theme Screening 52:60 arg1 Platform 62:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform 0:69 Automated Modular High Throughput Exopolysaccharide Screening Platform Coupled with Highly Sensitive Carbohydrate Fingerprint Analysis. 27167303 1 80 theme petro-based 317:327 arg1 chemicals 329:337 petro-based chemicals 317:337 petro-based chemicals 317:337 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 6 81 theme centrifugation 1130:1143 arg1 step 1145:1148 a centrifugation step 1128:1148 a centrifugation step 1128:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 2 82 theme type 469:472 arg1 analysis 453:460 the fast and reliable analysis 431:460 the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms 431:521 We describe an analytical platform to be automated on a liquid handling system that allows the fast and reliable analysis of the type and the amount of EPS produced by microorganisms. 27167303 8 83 theme performance 1591:1601 arg1 chromatography 1610:1623 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography 1580:1623 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1580:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 84 theme detailed 1394:1401 arg1 analysis 1418:1425 a detailed monosaccharide analysis 1392:1425 a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation 1392:1863 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 85 theme ion 1679:1681 arg1 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS 1699:1713 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 85 theme ion 1679:1681 arg1 detection 1688:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection 1655:1696 electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1655:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 10 86 theme handling 2069:2076 arg1 system 2078:2083 a liquid handling system 2060:2083 a liquid handling system 2060:2083 Additionally, they can all be handled manually or performed with a liquid handling system. 27167303 1 87 contain have 227:230 arg2 implications 242:253 important implications 232:253 important implications 232:253 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 1 87 contain have 227:230 arg1 which 221:225 which 221:225 which 221:225 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 4 88 theme variants 793:800 arg1 libraries 773:781 libraries 773:781 strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches 743:849 Using this platform, strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches can be screened. 27167303 4 88 theme variants 793:800 arg1 collections 750:760 strain collections 743:760 strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches 743:849 Using this platform, strain collections as well as libraries of strain variants that might be obtained in engineering approaches can be screened. 27167303 1 89 theme medical 258:264 arg1 fields 266:271 medical fields 258:271 medical fields 258:271 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 1 89 theme medical 258:264 arg1 applications 279:290 food applications 274:290 food applications 274:290 Many microorganisms are capable of producing and secreting exopolysaccharides (EPS), which have important implications in medical fields, food applications or in the replacement of petro-based chemicals. 27167303 6 90 theme viscosity 1104:1112 arg1 formation 1114:1122 viscosity formation 1104:1122 viscosity formation via a centrifugation step 1104:1148 First, there is an automated screening system, which combines different polysaccharide detection modules: a semi-quantitative analysis of viscosity formation via a centrifugation step, an analysis of polymer formation via alcohol precipitation and the determination of the total carbohydrate content via a phenol-sulfuric-acid transformation. 27167303 9 91 theme analytical 1874:1883 arg1 modules 1885:1891 All the analytical modules 1866:1891 All the analytical modules of this screening platform 1866:1918 All the analytical modules of this screening platform can be combined in different ways and adjusted to individual requirements. 27167303 8 92 dep modules 1518:1524 arg1 determination 1724:1736 the determination 1720:1736 the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1720:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 92 dep modules 1518:1524 arg1 modules 1518:1524 two essential modules 1504:1524 two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) 1504:1802 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 27167303 8 92 dep modules 1518:1524 arg1 analysis 1531:1538 the analysis 1527:1538 the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) 1527:1714 The second part provides a detailed monosaccharide analysis for all the selected EPS producers identified in the first part by combining two essential modules: the analysis of the complete monomer composition via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra violet and electrospray ionization ion trap detection (UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS) and the determination of pyruvate as a polymer substituent (presence of pyruvate ketal) via enzymatic oxidation that is coupled to a color formation. 28821144 0 0 theme gabiroba 90:97 arg1 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 0 theme gabiroba 90:97 arg1 family 148:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 0 theme gabiroba 90:97 arg1 fruit 99:103 the gabiroba fruit 86:103 the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) 86:135 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 1 from purification 12:23 arg1 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 1 from purification 12:23 arg1 family 148:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 1 from purification 12:23 arg1 fruit 99:103 the gabiroba fruit 86:103 the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) 86:135 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 8 2 theme interglycosidic 1025:1039 arg1 correlations 1041:1052 The interglycosidic correlations 1021:1052 The interglycosidic correlations 1021:1052 The interglycosidic correlations, obtained through the analysis of the HMBC spectrum, further confirm the structure. 28821144 4 3 theme 1D 535:536 arg1 analyses 549:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses 519:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses 519:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 1 4 theme Myrtaceae 291:299 arg1 species 308:314 a Myrtaceae family species 289:314 a Myrtaceae family species 289:314 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 1 4 theme Myrtaceae 291:299 arg1 gabiroba 279:286 gabiroba 279:286 gabiroba 279:286 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 2 5 with polysaccharide 366:379 arg1 mass 392:395 molar mass 386:395 molar mass of 25,340gmol-1 386:411 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed a homogeneous polysaccharide with molar mass of 25,340gmol-1. 28821144 4 6 theme β-d-Manp 625:632 arg1 units 634:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units 612:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked 612:651 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 0 7 from Extraction 0:9 arg1 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 7 from Extraction 0:9 arg1 family 148:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 7 from Extraction 0:9 arg1 fruit 99:103 the gabiroba fruit 86:103 the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) 86:135 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 1 8 from pulp 271:274 arg1 GGM 257:259 GGM 257:259 GGM 257:259 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 1 8 from pulp 271:274 arg1 galactoglucomannan 237:254 a galactoglucomannan 235:254 a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species 235:314 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 6 9 theme glycosidic 733:742 arg1 evident 769:775 evident 769:775 evident 769:775 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 6 9 theme glycosidic 733:742 arg1 linkages 744:751 The glycosidic linkages 729:751 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM 729:762 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 3 10 theme molar 495:499 arg1 ratio 501:505 a molar ratio 493:505 a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6 493:516 The monosaccharide composition showed that the GGM consisted of Man:Glc:Gal in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6. 28821144 6 11 theme signals 815:821 arg1 presence 784:791 the presence 780:791 the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 780:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 5 12 theme α-d-Galp 658:665 arg1 substitutions 667:679 The α-d-Galp substitutions 654:679 The α-d-Galp substitutions 654:679 The α-d-Galp substitutions occur mainly at O-6 position of β-d-Manp units. 28821144 6 13 theme characteristic 800:813 arg1 signals 815:821 the characteristic signals 796:821 the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 796:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 8 14 theme HMBC 1092:1095 arg1 spectrum 1097:1104 the HMBC spectrum 1088:1104 the HMBC spectrum 1088:1104 The interglycosidic correlations, obtained through the analysis of the HMBC spectrum, further confirm the structure. 28821144 4 15 theme GGM 595:597 arg1 chain 582:586 the main chain 573:586 the main chain of the GGM 573:597 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 0 16 from characterization 40:55 arg1 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Berg 131:134 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 16 from characterization 40:55 arg1 family 148:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 16 from characterization 40:55 arg1 fruit 99:103 the gabiroba fruit 86:103 the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) 86:135 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 3 17 dep Man 478:480 arg1 Glc 482:484 Glc 482:484 Man:Glc:Gal 478:488 The monosaccharide composition showed that the GGM consisted of Man:Glc:Gal in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6. 28821144 2 18 theme homogeneous 354:364 arg1 polysaccharide 366:379 a homogeneous polysaccharide 352:379 a homogeneous polysaccharide with molar mass of 25,340gmol-1 352:411 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed a homogeneous polysaccharide with molar mass of 25,340gmol-1. 28821144 8 19 theme spectrum 1097:1104 arg1 analysis 1076:1083 the analysis 1072:1083 the analysis of the HMBC spectrum 1072:1104 The interglycosidic correlations, obtained through the analysis of the HMBC spectrum, further confirm the structure. 28821144 5 20 theme O-6 697:699 arg1 position 701:708 O-6 position 697:708 O-6 position of β-d-Manp units 697:726 The α-d-Galp substitutions occur mainly at O-6 position of β-d-Manp units. 28821144 1 21 theme family 301:306 arg1 species 308:314 a Myrtaceae family species 289:314 a Myrtaceae family species 289:314 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 1 21 theme family 301:306 arg1 gabiroba 279:286 gabiroba 279:286 gabiroba 279:286 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 7 22 from δ 999:999 arg1 signals 988:994 signals 988:994 signals at δ 67.1/4.00 and 3.93 988:1018 Furthermore, the O-6 substitutions for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units were confirmed by signals at δ 67.1/4.00 and 3.93. 28821144 4 23 theme main 577:580 arg1 chain 582:586 the main chain 573:586 the main chain of the GGM 573:597 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 2 24 theme 25,340gmol-1 400:411 arg1 mass 392:395 molar mass 386:395 molar mass of 25,340gmol-1 386:411 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed a homogeneous polysaccharide with molar mass of 25,340gmol-1. 28821144 4 25 theme Methylation 519:529 arg1 analyses 549:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses 519:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses 519:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 3 26 theme 1:1:0.6 510:516 arg1 ratio 501:505 a molar ratio 493:505 a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6 493:516 The monosaccharide composition showed that the GGM consisted of Man:Glc:Gal in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6. 28821144 6 27 theme residues 842:849 arg1 signals 815:821 the characteristic signals 796:821 the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 796:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 7 28 from 3.93 1015:1018 arg1 signals 988:994 signals 988:994 signals at δ 67.1/4.00 and 3.93 988:1018 Furthermore, the O-6 substitutions for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units were confirmed by signals at δ 67.1/4.00 and 3.93. 28821144 0 29 theme Myrtaceae 138:146 arg1 fruit 99:103 the gabiroba fruit 86:103 the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg) 86:135 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 29 theme Myrtaceae 138:146 arg1 family 148:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Myrtaceae family 138:153 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 2 30 theme molar 386:390 arg1 mass 392:395 molar mass 386:395 molar mass of 25,340gmol-1 386:411 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed a homogeneous polysaccharide with molar mass of 25,340gmol-1. 28821144 0 31 theme structural 29:38 arg1 characterization 40:55 structural characterization 29:55 structural characterization 29:55 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 5 32 theme β-d-Manp 713:720 arg1 units 722:726 β-d-Manp units 713:726 β-d-Manp units 713:726 The α-d-Galp substitutions occur mainly at O-6 position of β-d-Manp units. 28821144 6 33 from 78.6/3.69 856:864 arg1 signals 815:821 the characteristic signals 796:821 the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 796:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 6 33 from 78.6/3.69 856:864 arg1 residues 842:849 4-O-substituted residues 826:849 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 826:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 5 34 theme units 722:726 arg1 position 701:708 O-6 position 697:708 O-6 position of β-d-Manp units 697:726 The α-d-Galp substitutions occur mainly at O-6 position of β-d-Manp units. 28821144 1 35 theme gabiroba 279:286 arg1 pulp 271:274 the pulp 267:274 the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species 267:314 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 6 36 theme 4-O-substituted 826:840 arg1 residues 842:849 4-O-substituted residues 826:849 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 826:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 3 37 theme Man 478:480 arg1 Gal 486:488 Man:Glc:Gal 478:488 Man:Glc:Gal 478:488 The monosaccharide composition showed that the GGM consisted of Man:Glc:Gal in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6. 28821144 6 38 theme δ 854:854 arg1 78.6/3.69 856:864 δ 78.6/3.69 854:864 δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 854:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 6 39 theme GGM 760:762 arg1 evident 769:775 evident 769:775 evident 769:775 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 6 39 theme GGM 760:762 arg1 linkages 744:751 The glycosidic linkages 729:751 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM 729:762 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 6 40 from signals 815:821 arg1 78.6/3.69 856:864 δ 78.6/3.69 854:864 δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp 854:895 The glycosidic linkages of the GGM were evident by the presence of the characteristic signals of 4-O-substituted residues at δ 78.6/3.69 for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp. 28821144 4 41 theme -linked 645:651 arg1 units 634:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units 612:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked 612:651 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 7 42 theme β-d-Manp 955:962 arg1 units 964:968 β-d-Manp units 955:968 β-d-Manp units 955:968 Furthermore, the O-6 substitutions for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units were confirmed by signals at δ 67.1/4.00 and 3.93. 28821144 4 43 link -linked 645:651 arg1 units 634:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units 612:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked 612:651 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 4 44 theme β-d-Glcp 612:619 arg1 units 634:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units 612:638 β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked 612:651 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 4 45 theme NMR 545:547 arg1 analyses 549:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses 519:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses 519:556 Methylation and 1D and 2D NMR analyses suggested that the main chain of the GGM consisted of β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units (1→4)-linked. 28821144 0 46 from fruit 99:103 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 46 from fruit 99:103 arg1 characterization 40:55 structural characterization 29:55 structural characterization 29:55 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 46 from fruit 99:103 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 46 from fruit 99:103 arg1 galactoglucomannan 62:79 a galactoglucomannan 60:79 a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family 60:153 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 7 47 theme O-6 915:917 arg1 substitutions 919:931 the O-6 substitutions 911:931 the O-6 substitutions for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units 911:968 Furthermore, the O-6 substitutions for both β-d-Glcp and β-d-Manp units were confirmed by signals at δ 67.1/4.00 and 3.93. 28821144 3 48 theme monosaccharide 418:431 arg1 composition 433:443 The monosaccharide composition 414:443 The monosaccharide composition 414:443 The monosaccharide composition showed that the GGM consisted of Man:Glc:Gal in a molar ratio of 1:1:0.6. 28821144 1 49 theme first 223:227 arg1 time 229:232 the first time 219:232 the first time 219:232 In this study, we isolated and structurally characterized, for the first time, a galactoglucomannan (GGM) from the pulp of gabiroba, a Myrtaceae family species. 28821144 0 50 theme galactoglucomannan 62:79 arg1 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 purification 12:23 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 50 theme galactoglucomannan 62:79 arg1 characterization 40:55 structural characterization 29:55 structural characterization 29:55 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 0 50 theme galactoglucomannan 62:79 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, purification and structural characterization of a galactoglucomannan from the gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), Myrtaceae family. 28821144 2 51 theme HPSEC-MALLS-RI 321:334 arg1 analysis 336:343 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis 317:343 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis 317:343 The HPSEC-MALLS-RI analysis showed a homogeneous polysaccharide with molar mass of 25,340gmol-1. 27112851 0 0 theme phase 94:98 arg1 study 128:132 A phase interface-property relation study 92:132 A phase interface-property relation study 92:132 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 2 1 theme surface 341:347 arg1 acetylation 349:359 surface acetylation 341:359 surface acetylation of NCC 341:366 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 1 2 theme polylactide 245:255 arg1 composites 263:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 5 3 theme stress 877:882 arg1 behavior 894:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 5 4 theme overshoot 884:892 arg1 behavior 894:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 0 5 theme relation 119:126 arg1 study 128:132 A phase interface-property relation study 92:132 A phase interface-property relation study 92:132 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 5 6 theme network 942:948 arg1 structure 950:958 the network structure 938:958 the network structure of modified NCC 938:974 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 3 7 theme structure 538:546 arg1 terms 513:517 terms 513:517 terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties 513:585 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 1 8 theme PLA 258:260 arg1 composites 263:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 0 9 theme interface-property 100:117 arg1 study 128:132 A phase interface-property relation study 92:132 A phase interface-property relation study 92:132 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 3 10 theme phase 522:526 arg1 properties 576:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 3 10 theme phase 522:526 arg1 structure 538:546 phase interface structure 522:546 phase interface structure 522:546 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 0 11 dep study 128:132 arg1 composites 49:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites 0:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route 0:89 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 3 12 theme obtained 468:475 arg1 composites 481:490 The obtained PLA composites 464:490 The obtained PLA composites 464:490 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 2 13 theme final 373:377 arg1 preparation 389:399 final composite preparation 373:399 final composite preparation 373:399 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 6 14 theme PLA/NCC 1118:1124 arg1 composites 1126:1135 PLA/NCC composites 1118:1135 PLA/NCC composites 1118:1135 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 5 15 theme modified 963:970 arg1 NCC 972:974 modified NCC 963:974 modified NCC 963:974 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 6 16 theme important 1073:1081 arg1 role 1083:1086 an important role 1070:1086 an important role 1070:1086 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 0 17 theme nanocrystalline 23:37 arg1 composites 49:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites 0:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route 0:89 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 5 18 theme shear 919:923 arg1 flow 925:928 the start-up shear flow 906:928 the start-up shear flow 906:928 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 0 19 theme Polylactide/acetylated 0:21 arg1 composites 49:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites 0:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route 0:89 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 1 20 theme composites 263:272 arg1 preparation 191:201 the preparation 187:201 the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 187:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 6 21 theme interface 1040:1048 arg1 adhesion 1050:1057 The phase interface adhesion 1030:1057 The phase interface adhesion 1030:1057 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 3 22 theme rheological 549:559 arg1 properties 576:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 3 22 theme rheological 549:559 arg1 structure 538:546 phase interface structure 522:546 phase interface structure 522:546 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 2 23 theme NCC 364:366 arg1 preparation 389:399 final composite preparation 373:399 final composite preparation 373:399 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 23 theme NCC 364:366 arg1 acetylation 349:359 surface acetylation 341:359 surface acetylation of NCC 341:366 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 23 theme NCC 364:366 arg1 extraction 322:331 extraction 322:331 extraction of NCC 322:338 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 24 theme continuous 409:418 arg1 process 420:426 a continuous process 407:426 a continuous process 407:426 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 6 25 theme atom 1201:1204 arg1 microscopy 1212:1221 atom force microscopy 1201:1221 atom force microscopy 1201:1221 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 5 26 dep NCC 752:754 arg1 show 756:759 show 756:759 show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC 756:825 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 2 27 theme separated 295:303 arg1 preparation 389:399 final composite preparation 373:399 final composite preparation 373:399 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 27 theme separated 295:303 arg1 acetylation 349:359 surface acetylation 341:359 surface acetylation of NCC 341:366 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 27 theme separated 295:303 arg1 steps 305:309 several separated steps 287:309 several separated steps 287:309 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 27 theme separated 295:303 arg1 extraction 322:331 extraction 322:331 extraction of NCC 322:338 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 5 28 theme pristine 814:821 arg1 NCC 823:825 pristine NCC 814:825 pristine NCC 814:825 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 0 29 theme cellulose 39:47 arg1 composites 49:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites 0:58 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route 0:89 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 5 30 theme thickened 686:694 arg1 layer 708:712 The thickened interfacial layer 682:712 The thickened interfacial layer 682:712 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 2 31 theme several 287:293 arg1 preparation 389:399 final composite preparation 373:399 final composite preparation 373:399 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 31 theme several 287:293 arg1 acetylation 349:359 surface acetylation 341:359 surface acetylation of NCC 341:366 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 31 theme several 287:293 arg1 steps 305:309 several separated steps 287:309 several separated steps 287:309 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 31 theme several 287:293 arg1 extraction 322:331 extraction 322:331 extraction of NCC 322:338 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 4 32 theme surface 612:618 arg1 acetylation 620:630 surface acetylation 612:630 surface acetylation of NCC 612:637 The results reveal that surface acetylation of NCC can improve its affinity to PLA evidently. 27112851 5 33 theme lower 761:765 arg1 threshold 779:787 lower percolation threshold 761:787 lower percolation threshold 761:787 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 6 34 theme composites 1126:1135 arg1 behavior 1106:1113 the mechanical behavior 1091:1113 the mechanical behavior 1091:1113 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 5 35 theme interfacial 696:706 arg1 layer 708:712 The thickened interfacial layer 682:712 The thickened interfacial layer 682:712 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 4 36 theme NCC 635:637 arg1 acetylation 620:630 surface acetylation 612:630 surface acetylation of NCC 612:637 The results reveal that surface acetylation of NCC can improve its affinity to PLA evidently. 27112851 1 37 theme nanocrystalline 206:220 arg1 composites 263:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 2 38 theme freeze 449:454 arg1 drying 456:461 traditional freeze drying 437:461 traditional freeze drying 437:461 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 5 39 theme percolation 767:777 arg1 threshold 779:787 lower percolation threshold 761:787 lower percolation threshold 761:787 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 5 40 theme self-similarity 1013:1027 arg1 characteristics 994:1008 stronger characteristics 985:1008 stronger characteristics of self-similarity 985:1027 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 1 41 theme cellulose 222:230 arg1 composites 263:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 0 42 theme continuous 74:83 arg1 route 85:89 a continuous route 72:89 a continuous route 72:89 Polylactide/acetylated nanocrystalline cellulose composites prepared by a continuous route: A phase interface-property relation study. 27112851 6 43 theme phase 1034:1038 arg1 adhesion 1050:1057 The phase interface adhesion 1030:1057 The phase interface adhesion 1030:1057 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 5 44 attach presents 843:850 arg2 former 836:841 former 836:841 former 836:841 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 5 44 attach presents 843:850 arg1 flow 925:928 the start-up shear flow 906:928 the start-up shear flow 906:928 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 6 45 theme mechanical 1095:1104 arg1 behavior 1106:1113 the mechanical behavior 1091:1113 the mechanical behavior 1091:1113 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 2 46 theme NCC 336:338 arg1 preparation 389:399 final composite preparation 373:399 final composite preparation 373:399 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 46 theme NCC 336:338 arg1 acetylation 349:359 surface acetylation 341:359 surface acetylation of NCC 341:366 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 2 46 theme NCC 336:338 arg1 extraction 322:331 extraction 322:331 extraction of NCC 322:338 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 6 47 theme nanomechanical 1171:1184 arg1 analysis 1186:1193 the nanomechanical analysis 1167:1193 the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy 1167:1221 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 3 48 theme mechanical 565:574 arg1 properties 576:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 3 48 theme mechanical 565:574 arg1 structure 538:546 phase interface structure 522:546 phase interface structure 522:546 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 3 49 theme PLA 477:479 arg1 composites 481:490 The obtained PLA composites 464:490 The obtained PLA composites 464:490 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 5 50 theme NCC 972:974 arg1 structure 950:958 the network structure 938:958 the network structure of modified NCC 938:974 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 5 51 theme modified 743:750 arg1 NCC 752:754 modified NCC 743:754 modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC 743:825 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 1 52 theme continuous 138:147 arg1 route 149:153 A 'continuous route' 135:154 A 'continuous route' 135:154 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 3 53 theme interface 528:536 arg1 properties 576:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 rheological and mechanical properties 549:585 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 3 53 theme interface 528:536 arg1 structure 538:546 phase interface structure 522:546 phase interface structure 522:546 The obtained PLA composites were then studied in terms of phase interface structure, rheological and mechanical properties. 27112851 6 54 theme force 1206:1210 arg1 microscopy 1212:1221 atom force microscopy 1201:1221 atom force microscopy 1201:1221 The phase interface adhesion also plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of PLA/NCC composites, which is further revealed by the nanomechanical analysis using atom force microscopy. 27112851 5 55 theme start-up 910:917 arg1 flow 925:928 the start-up shear flow 906:928 the start-up shear flow 906:928 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 1 56 theme NCC 233:235 arg1 composites 263:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 27112851 2 57 theme composite 379:387 arg1 preparation 389:399 final composite preparation 373:399 final composite preparation 373:399 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 5 58 theme stronger 985:992 arg1 characteristics 994:1008 stronger characteristics 985:1008 stronger characteristics of self-similarity 985:1027 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 5 59 theme typical 854:860 arg1 behavior 894:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 2 60 theme traditional 437:447 arg1 drying 456:461 traditional freeze drying 437:461 traditional freeze drying 437:461 It combines several separated steps, including extraction of NCC, surface acetylation of NCC, and final composite preparation, into a continuous process, without traditional freeze drying. 27112851 5 61 theme strain-scaling 862:875 arg1 behavior 894:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior 852:901 The thickened interfacial layer makes the system filled with modified NCC show lower percolation threshold than the one filled with pristine NCC; and the former presents a typical strain-scaling stress overshoot behavior in the start-up shear flow because the network structure of modified NCC presents stronger characteristics of self-similarity. 27112851 1 62 theme filled 238:243 arg1 composites 263:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites 206:272 A 'continuous route' was developed in this work for the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) filled polylactide (PLA) composites. 24629931 5 0 theme well-defined 706:717 arg1 degree 719:724 A well-defined degree 704:724 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS 704:749 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 1 1 theme mild 200:203 arg1 temperature 205:215 mild temperature 200:215 mild temperature 200:215 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were subjected to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 24629931 8 2 dep concentration 1036:1048 arg1 the 1027:1029 the 1027:1029 the 1027:1029 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 3 3 theme xylose 527:532 arg1 models 509:514 The fitted models 498:514 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields 498:539 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 5 4 theme XOS 747:749 arg1 polymerisation 729:742 polymerisation 729:742 polymerisation of XOS 729:749 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 8 5 theme acid 1031:1034 arg1 concentration 1036:1048 acid concentration 1031:1048 acid concentration 1031:1048 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 1 6 from temperature 205:215 arg1 hydrolysis 186:195 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 162:195 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) 162:253 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were subjected to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 24629931 3 7 theme experimental 573:584 arg1 results 586:592 the experimental results 569:592 the experimental results 569:592 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 5 8 from degree 719:724 arg1 hydrolysates 774:785 the hydrolysates 770:785 the hydrolysates 770:785 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 4 9 theme hydrolysis 607:616 arg1 time 618:621 hydrolysis time 607:621 hydrolysis time 607:621 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 8 10 theme xylose 980:985 arg1 byproducts 995:1004 the byproducts 991:1004 the byproducts 991:1004 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 8 10 theme xylose 980:985 arg1 yields 970:975 the yields 966:975 the yields of xylose 966:985 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 6 11 theme sugar-degraded 807:820 arg1 byproduct 822:830 No sugar-degraded byproduct 804:830 No sugar-degraded byproduct 804:830 No sugar-degraded byproduct was detected. 24629931 3 12 theme good 549:552 arg1 agreement 554:562 good agreement 549:562 good agreement with the experimental results 549:592 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 0 13 theme acid 19:22 arg1 hydrolysis 24:33 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 0:33 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 0:33 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses. 24629931 7 14 theme 290.2mgg 871:878 arg1 yield 862:866 The maximum XOS yield 846:866 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) 846:882 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) was achieved by hydrolysis with 0.24M H2SO4 for 31min. 24629931 2 15 theme XOS 398:400 arg1 production 402:411 the XOS production 394:411 the XOS production 394:411 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 0 16 theme Microwave-assisted 0:17 arg1 hydrolysis 24:33 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 0:33 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 0:33 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses. 24629931 8 17 theme reaction 1054:1061 arg1 time 1063:1066 reaction time 1054:1066 reaction time 1054:1066 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 1 18 theme sugarcane 126:134 arg1 bagasse 136:142 sugarcane bagasse 126:142 sugarcane bagasse 126:142 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were subjected to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 24629931 4 19 from coefficient 666:676 arg1 production 685:694 the production 681:694 the production of XOS 681:701 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 8 20 theme microwave-assisted 1071:1088 arg1 hydrolysis 1095:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 7 21 theme XOS 858:860 arg1 yield 862:866 The maximum XOS yield 846:866 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) 846:882 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) was achieved by hydrolysis with 0.24M H2SO4 for 31min. 24629931 2 22 theme concentration 337:349 arg1 influence 319:327 the influence 315:327 the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production 315:411 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 23 theme surface 443:449 arg1 methodology 451:461 response surface methodology 434:461 response surface methodology based on central composite design 434:495 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 24 theme acid 332:335 arg1 concentration 337:349 acid concentration 332:349 acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) 332:360 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 24 theme acid 332:335 arg1 0.1-0.3M 352:359 0.1-0.3M 352:359 0.1-0.3M 352:359 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 25 theme response 434:441 arg1 methodology 451:461 response surface methodology 434:461 response surface methodology based on central composite design 434:495 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 3 26 theme XOS 519:521 arg1 models 509:514 The fitted models 498:514 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields 498:539 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 5 27 theme polymerisation 729:742 arg1 monomer 759:765 the monomer 755:765 the monomer in the hydrolysates 755:785 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 5 27 theme polymerisation 729:742 arg1 polymerisation 729:742 polymerisation 729:742 polymerisation of XOS 729:749 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 5 27 theme polymerisation 729:742 arg1 degree 719:724 A well-defined degree 704:724 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS 704:749 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 5 28 from monomer 759:765 arg1 hydrolysates 774:785 the hydrolysates 770:785 the hydrolysates 770:785 A well-defined degree of polymerisation of XOS and the monomer in the hydrolysates were quantified. 24629931 7 29 theme maximum 850:856 arg1 yield 862:866 The maximum XOS yield 846:866 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) 846:882 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) was achieved by hydrolysis with 0.24M H2SO4 for 31min. 24629931 3 30 with agreement 554:562 arg1 results 586:592 the experimental results 569:592 the experimental results 569:592 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 7 31 theme 0.24M 916:920 arg1 H2SO4 922:926 0.24M H2SO4 916:926 0.24M H2SO4 for 31min 916:936 The maximum XOS yield of 290.2mgg(-1) was achieved by hydrolysis with 0.24M H2SO4 for 31min. 24629931 8 32 from time 1063:1066 arg1 hydrolysis 1095:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 8 33 theme acid 1090:1093 arg1 hydrolysis 1095:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 0 34 from hemicelluloses 90:103 arg1 xylooligosaccharides 46:65 xylooligosaccharides 46:65 xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses 46:103 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses. 24629931 4 35 theme significant 654:664 arg1 coefficient 666:676 a more significant coefficient 647:676 a more significant coefficient 647:676 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 4 35 theme significant 654:664 arg1 concentration 629:641 acid concentration 624:641 acid concentration 624:641 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 0 36 theme sugarcane 72:80 arg1 hemicelluloses 90:103 sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses 72:103 sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses 72:103 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses. 24629931 2 37 theme time 375:378 arg1 influence 319:327 the influence 315:327 the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production 315:411 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 38 theme composite 480:488 arg1 design 490:495 central composite design 472:495 central composite design 472:495 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 39 theme reaction 366:373 arg1 20-40min 381:388 20-40min 381:388 20-40min 381:388 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 39 theme reaction 366:373 arg1 time 375:378 reaction time 366:378 reaction time (20-40min) 366:389 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 1 40 from bagasse 136:142 arg1 Hemicelluloses 106:119 Hemicelluloses 106:119 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse 106:142 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were subjected to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 24629931 8 41 from concentration 1036:1048 arg1 hydrolysis 1095:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 1071:1104 The results indicated that the yields of xylose and the byproducts can be controlled by the acid concentration and reaction time in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis. 24629931 4 42 theme XOS 699:701 arg1 production 685:694 the production 681:694 the production of XOS 681:701 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 1 43 theme microwave-assisted 162:179 arg1 hydrolysis 186:195 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 162:195 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) 162:253 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were subjected to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 24629931 4 44 theme acid 624:627 arg1 coefficient 666:676 a more significant coefficient 647:676 a more significant coefficient 647:676 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 4 44 theme acid 624:627 arg1 concentration 629:641 acid concentration 624:641 acid concentration 624:641 Compared to hydrolysis time, acid concentration was a more significant coefficient in the production of XOS. 24629931 3 45 dep XOS 519:521 arg1 yields 534:539 yields 534:539 yields 534:539 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 1 46 theme acid 181:184 arg1 hydrolysis 186:195 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis 162:195 microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS) 162:253 Hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were subjected to microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis at mild temperature to produce xylooligosaccharides (XOS). 24629931 3 47 theme fitted 502:507 arg1 models 509:514 The fitted models 498:514 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields 498:539 The fitted models of XOS and xylose yields were in good agreement with the experimental results. 24629931 2 48 from influence 319:327 arg1 production 402:411 the XOS production 394:411 the XOS production 394:411 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 0 49 theme bagasse 82:88 arg1 hemicelluloses 90:103 sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses 72:103 sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses 72:103 Microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from sugarcane bagasse hemicelluloses. 24629931 2 50 theme dilute 290:295 arg1 H2SO4 297:301 dilute H2SO4 290:301 dilute H2SO4 290:301 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 24629931 2 51 theme central 472:478 arg1 design 490:495 central composite design 472:495 central composite design 472:495 The hydrolysis was performed with dilute H2SO4 at 90°C and the influence of acid concentration (0.1-0.3M) and reaction time (20-40min) on the XOS production was ascertained with response surface methodology based on central composite design. 26256335 9 0 theme biocompatibility 1000:1015 arg1 structure 1038:1046 its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure 996:1046 its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure 996:1046 Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. 26256335 0 1 theme tissue 101:106 arg1 engineering 108:118 tissue engineering 101:118 tissue engineering 101:118 Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 26256335 7 2 theme gingival 846:853 arg1 GF 867:868 GF 867:868 GF 867:868 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 7 2 theme gingival 846:853 arg1 fibroblast 855:864 human gingival fibroblast 840:864 human gingival fibroblast (GF) 840:869 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 4 3 from stable 495:500 arg1 PBS 520:522 PBS 520:522 PBS 520:522 The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. 26256335 4 3 from stable 495:500 arg1 water 510:514 water 510:514 water 510:514 The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. 26256335 8 4 theme cell 925:928 arg1 migration 930:938 cell migration 925:938 cell migration 925:938 However, under static conditions, the cell migration and growth inside the scaffold were limited. 26256335 2 5 theme drying 299:304 arg1 step 306:309 a second freeze drying step 283:309 a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure 283:365 The N-BCA then underwent a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure. 26256335 7 6 theme fibroblast 855:864 arg1 spreading 808:816 spreading 808:816 spreading 808:816 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 7 6 theme fibroblast 855:864 arg1 proliferation 823:835 proliferation 823:835 proliferation 823:835 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 7 6 theme fibroblast 855:864 arg1 attachment 796:805 attachment 796:805 attachment 796:805 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 3 7 theme stable 370:375 arg1 structure 377:385 A stable structure 368:385 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm 368:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 6 8 theme mouse 733:737 arg1 cells 750:754 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 728:754 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 728:754 N-BCA demonstrated no cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 26256335 2 9 theme freeze 292:297 arg1 step 306:309 a second freeze drying step 283:309 a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure 283:365 The N-BCA then underwent a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure. 26256335 9 10 theme macroporous 1026:1036 arg1 structure 1038:1046 its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure 996:1046 its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure 996:1046 Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. 26256335 2 11 theme physical 348:355 arg1 structure 357:365 the physical structure 344:365 the physical structure 344:365 The N-BCA then underwent a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure. 26256335 2 12 theme second 285:290 arg1 step 306:309 a second freeze drying step 283:309 a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure 283:365 The N-BCA then underwent a second freeze drying step to remove water without altering the physical structure. 26256335 7 13 theme human 840:844 arg1 GF 867:868 GF 867:868 GF 867:868 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 7 13 theme human 840:844 arg1 fibroblast 855:864 human gingival fibroblast 840:864 human gingival fibroblast (GF) 840:869 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 4 14 from PBS 520:522 arg1 stable 495:500 stable 495:500 stable 495:500 The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. 26256335 4 14 from PBS 520:522 arg1 N-BCA 485:489 The N-BCA 481:489 The N-BCA 481:489 The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. 26256335 4 15 from water 510:514 arg1 stable 495:500 stable 495:500 stable 495:500 The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. 26256335 4 15 from water 510:514 arg1 N-BCA 485:489 The N-BCA 481:489 The N-BCA 481:489 The N-BCA was stable in both water and PBS. 26256335 5 16 theme N-BCA 549:553 arg1 times 585:589 approximately 50 times 568:589 approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 568:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 5 16 theme N-BCA 549:553 arg1 ability 538:544 The swelling ability 525:544 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water 525:562 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 1 17 theme freeze 203:208 arg1 drying 210:215 freeze drying 203:215 freeze drying 203:215 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 3 18 theme N-BCA 390:394 arg1 structure 377:385 A stable structure 368:385 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm 368:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 3 19 with structure 377:385 arg1 pores 432:436 open and highly interconnected pores 401:436 open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm 401:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 0 20 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 modification 11:22 Structural modification 0:22 Structural modification 0:22 Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 26256335 5 21 from ability 538:544 arg1 water 558:562 water 558:562 water 558:562 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 9 22 theme tissue 1099:1104 arg1 engineering 1106:1116 tissue engineering 1099:1116 tissue engineering 1099:1116 Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. 26256335 5 23 theme bacterial 654:662 arg1 pellicles 674:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 1 24 theme novel 123:127 arg1 scaffold 168:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold 121:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) 121:183 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 1 24 theme novel 123:127 arg1 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 3 25 theme μm 461:462 arg1 range 445:449 the range 441:449 the range of 90-160 μm 441:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 8 26 theme static 902:907 arg1 conditions 909:918 static conditions 902:918 static conditions 902:918 However, under static conditions, the cell migration and growth inside the scaffold were limited. 26256335 5 27 theme cellulose 664:672 arg1 pellicles 674:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 1 28 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 scaffold 168:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold 121:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) 121:183 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 1 28 theme bacterial 129:137 arg1 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 8 29 dep migration 930:938 arg1 the 921:923 the 921:923 the 921:923 However, under static conditions, the cell migration and growth inside the scaffold were limited. 26256335 0 30 theme bacterial 48:56 arg1 composite 77:85 bacterial cellulose-alginate composite 48:85 bacterial cellulose-alginate composite 48:85 Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 26256335 5 31 theme pellicles 674:682 arg1 times 623:627 about 6.5 times 613:627 about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 613:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 3 32 theme interconnected 417:430 arg1 pores 432:436 open and highly interconnected pores 401:436 open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm 401:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 1 33 with crosslinking 232:243 arg1 2+ 253:254 2+ 253:254 2+ 253:254 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 1 33 with crosslinking 232:243 arg1 Ca 250:251 Ca 250:251 Ca(2+) 250:255 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 6 34 theme fibroblast 739:748 arg1 cells 750:754 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 728:754 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 728:754 N-BCA demonstrated no cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 26256335 9 35 used used 1076:1079 arg2 N-BCA 1049:1053 N-BCA 1049:1053 N-BCA 1049:1053 Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. 26256335 9 35 used used 1076:1079 arg2 scaffold 1086:1093 a scaffold 1084:1093 a scaffold for tissue engineering 1084:1116 Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. 26256335 3 36 theme open 401:404 arg1 pores 432:436 open and highly interconnected pores 401:436 open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm 401:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 7 37 theme long-term 761:769 arg1 culture 771:777 long-term culture 761:777 long-term culture 761:777 For long-term culture, N-BCA supported attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblast (GF) on the surface. 26256335 1 38 with drying 210:215 arg1 2+ 253:254 2+ 253:254 2+ 253:254 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 1 38 with drying 210:215 arg1 Ca 250:251 Ca 250:251 Ca(2+) 250:255 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 5 39 theme swelling 529:536 arg1 times 585:589 approximately 50 times 568:589 approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 568:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 5 39 theme swelling 529:536 arg1 ability 538:544 The swelling ability 525:544 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water 525:562 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 1 40 theme cellulose-alginate 139:156 arg1 scaffold 168:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold 121:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) 121:183 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 1 40 theme cellulose-alginate 139:156 arg1 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 0 41 theme cellulose-alginate 58:75 arg1 composite 77:85 bacterial cellulose-alginate composite 48:85 bacterial cellulose-alginate composite 48:85 Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 26256335 6 42 theme L929 728:731 arg1 cells 750:754 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 728:754 L929 mouse fibroblast cells 728:754 N-BCA demonstrated no cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. 26256335 1 43 theme composite 158:166 arg1 scaffold 168:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold 121:175 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) 121:183 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 1 43 theme composite 158:166 arg1 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 N-BCA 178:182 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 5 44 dep times 585:589 arg1 weight 595:600 its weight 591:600 its weight 591:600 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 5 45 theme freeze 641:646 arg1 pellicles 674:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 5 46 theme dried 648:652 arg1 pellicles 674:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles 637:682 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 26256335 3 47 from pores 432:436 arg1 range 445:449 the range 441:449 the range of 90-160 μm 441:462 A stable structure of N-BCA with open and highly interconnected pores in the range of 90-160 μm was constructed. 26256335 9 48 theme open 1021:1024 arg1 structure 1038:1046 its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure 996:1046 its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure 996:1046 Because of its biocompatibility and open macroporous structure, N-BCA could potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering. 26256335 1 49 theme subsequent 221:230 arg1 crosslinking 232:243 subsequent crosslinking 221:243 subsequent crosslinking 221:243 A novel bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffold (N-BCA) was fabricated by freeze drying and subsequent crosslinking with Ca(2+). 26256335 0 50 theme composite 77:85 arg1 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 characterization 28:43 Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 26256335 0 50 theme composite 77:85 arg1 modification 11:22 Structural modification 0:22 Structural modification 0:22 Structural modification and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. 26256335 5 51 dep times 623:627 arg1 that 629:632 that 629:632 that 629:632 The swelling ability of N-BCA in water was approximately 50 times its weight, which was about 6.5 times that of the freeze dried bacterial cellulose pellicles. 29389616 2 0 dep 88.97kDa 608:615 arg1 105.02kDa 595:603 105.02kDa 595:603 105.02kDa 595:603 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 1 1 from activities 338:347 arg1 UIOPS-1 392:398 UIOPS-1 392:398 UIOPS-1 392:398 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 1 from activities 338:347 arg1 obliquus 382:389 Inonotus obliquus 373:389 Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1) 373:399 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 2 theme digestion 266:274 arg1 impacts 238:244 the impacts 234:244 the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1) 234:399 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 3 theme Inonotus 373:380 arg1 UIOPS-1 392:398 UIOPS-1 392:398 UIOPS-1 392:398 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 3 theme Inonotus 373:380 arg1 obliquus 382:389 Inonotus obliquus 373:389 Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1) 373:399 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 2 4 theme simulated 636:644 arg1 digestion 646:654 simulated digestion 636:654 simulated digestion 636:654 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 properties 73:82 the chemical properties 60:82 the chemical properties 60:82 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 activity 97:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 activity 146:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 5 from Effects 0:6 arg1 α-amylase 107:115 α-amylase 107:115 α-amylase 107:115 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 3 6 theme glycosidic 865:874 arg1 bonds 876:880 glycosidic bonds 865:880 glycosidic bonds 865:880 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 0 7 theme antioxidant 85:95 arg1 activity 97:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 6 8 theme promising 1378:1386 arg1 candidate 1388:1396 a promising candidate 1376:1396 a promising candidate for functional foods 1376:1417 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 6 8 theme promising 1378:1386 arg1 digestion 1336:1344 gastrointestinal digestion 1319:1344 gastrointestinal digestion 1319:1344 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 6 9 theme antioxidant 1269:1279 arg1 potential 1303:1311 antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential 1269:1311 antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential 1269:1311 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 5 10 theme postprandial 1180:1191 arg1 hyperglycemia 1193:1205 postprandial hyperglycemia 1180:1205 postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001) 1180:1215 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 5 10 theme postprandial 1180:1191 arg1 P<0.001 1208:1214 P<0.001 1208:1214 P<0.001 1208:1214 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 1 11 from properties 308:317 arg1 UIOPS-1 392:398 UIOPS-1 392:398 UIOPS-1 392:398 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 11 from properties 308:317 arg1 obliquus 382:389 Inonotus obliquus 373:389 Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1) 373:399 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 5 12 theme hyperglycemia 1193:1205 arg1 control 1169:1175 a good control 1162:1175 a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001) 1162:1215 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 4 13 theme antioxidant 887:897 arg1 activities 899:908 The antioxidant activities 883:908 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 883:919 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after gastric digestion (P<0.05), however, they were decreased after intestinal digestion. 29389616 3 14 dep released 770:777 arg1 suggested 779:787 suggested 779:787 were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds 765:880 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 2 15 theme polysaccharides 485:499 arg1 composition 442:452 composition 442:452 composition 442:452 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 15 theme polysaccharides 485:499 arg1 conformation 469:480 conformation 469:480 conformation 469:480 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 15 theme polysaccharides 485:499 arg1 monosaccharides 426:440 the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation 422:480 the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides 422:499 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 15 theme polysaccharides 485:499 arg1 structure 455:463 structure 455:463 structure 455:463 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 4 16 theme UIOPS-1 913:919 arg1 activities 899:908 The antioxidant activities 883:908 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 883:919 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after gastric digestion (P<0.05), however, they were decreased after intestinal digestion. 29389616 4 17 theme gastric 956:962 arg1 P<0.05 975:980 P<0.05 975:980 P<0.05 975:980 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after gastric digestion (P<0.05), however, they were decreased after intestinal digestion. 29389616 4 17 theme gastric 956:962 arg1 digestion 964:972 gastric digestion 956:972 gastric digestion (P<0.05) 956:981 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after gastric digestion (P<0.05), however, they were decreased after intestinal digestion. 29389616 0 18 theme gastrointestinal 21:36 arg1 digestion 38:46 simulated gastrointestinal digestion 11:46 simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro 11:55 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 1 19 theme physicochemical 292:306 arg1 properties 308:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 0 20 theme α-glucosidase 121:133 arg1 activity 146:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 21 theme simulated 11:19 arg1 digestion 38:46 simulated gastrointestinal digestion 11:46 simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro 11:55 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 22 from obliquus 188:195 arg1 properties 73:82 the chemical properties 60:82 the chemical properties 60:82 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 22 from obliquus 188:195 arg1 activity 97:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 22 from obliquus 188:195 arg1 activity 146:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 22 from obliquus 188:195 arg1 α-amylase 107:115 α-amylase 107:115 α-amylase 107:115 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 22 from obliquus 188:195 arg1 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides 158:172 polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus 158:195 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 23 from properties 73:82 arg1 obliquus 188:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 6 24 theme functional 1402:1411 arg1 foods 1413:1417 functional foods 1402:1417 functional foods 1402:1417 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 1 25 from obliquus 382:389 arg1 properties 308:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 25 from obliquus 382:389 arg1 polysaccharides 352:366 polysaccharides 352:366 polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1) 352:399 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 25 from obliquus 382:389 arg1 activities 338:347 the biological activities 323:347 the biological activities 323:347 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 0 26 theme digestion 38:46 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 0:196 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 5 27 theme good 1164:1167 arg1 control 1169:1175 a good control 1162:1175 a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001) 1162:1215 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 2 28 dep monosaccharides 426:440 arg1 composition 442:452 composition 442:452 composition 442:452 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 28 dep monosaccharides 426:440 arg1 conformation 469:480 conformation 469:480 conformation 469:480 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 28 dep monosaccharides 426:440 arg1 monosaccharides 426:440 the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation 422:480 the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides 422:499 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 28 dep monosaccharides 426:440 arg1 structure 455:463 structure 455:463 structure 455:463 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 29 theme UIOPS-1 559:565 arg1 Mw 552:553 Mw 552:553 Mw 552:553 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 29 theme UIOPS-1 559:565 arg1 weight 544:549 the molecular weight 530:549 the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 530:565 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 1 30 theme biological 327:336 arg1 activities 338:347 the biological activities 323:347 the biological activities 323:347 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 0 31 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 properties 73:82 the chemical properties 60:82 the chemical properties 60:82 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 31 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 activity 97:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 antioxidant activity 85:104 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 31 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 activity 146:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 0 31 theme polysaccharides 158:172 arg1 α-amylase 107:115 α-amylase 107:115 α-amylase 107:115 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 4 32 theme intestinal 1019:1028 arg1 digestion 1030:1038 intestinal digestion 1019:1038 intestinal digestion 1019:1038 The antioxidant activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after gastric digestion (P<0.05), however, they were decreased after intestinal digestion. 29389616 5 33 theme UIOPS-1 1098:1104 arg1 activities 1084:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1041:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 1041:1104 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 0 34 theme inhibitory 135:144 arg1 activity 146:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 α-glucosidase inhibitory activity 121:153 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 3 35 theme UIOPS-1 813:819 arg1 degradation 798:808 the degradation 794:808 the degradation of UIOPS-1 794:819 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 1 36 dep properties 308:317 arg1 the 288:290 the 288:290 the 288:290 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 0 37 from α-amylase 107:115 arg1 obliquus 188:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 6 38 theme antihyperglycemic 1285:1301 arg1 potential 1303:1311 antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential 1269:1311 antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential 1269:1311 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 0 39 theme Inonotus 179:186 arg1 obliquus 188:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 6 40 theme gastrointestinal 1319:1334 arg1 candidate 1388:1396 a promising candidate 1376:1396 a promising candidate for functional foods 1376:1417 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 6 40 theme gastrointestinal 1319:1334 arg1 digestion 1336:1344 gastrointestinal digestion 1319:1344 gastrointestinal digestion 1319:1344 The results indicated that UIOPS-1 still exhibited antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential after gastrointestinal digestion, which could be considered as a promising candidate for functional foods. 29389616 5 41 theme α-amylase 1045:1053 arg1 activities 1084:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1041:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 1041:1104 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 0 42 from activity 146:153 arg1 obliquus 188:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 1 43 from impacts 238:244 arg1 properties 308:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 43 from impacts 238:244 arg1 activities 338:347 the biological activities 323:347 the biological activities 323:347 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 0 44 from activity 97:104 arg1 obliquus 188:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Inonotus obliquus 179:195 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 3 45 theme reducing 661:668 arg1 ends 670:673 The reducing ends 657:673 The reducing ends 657:673 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 0 46 theme chemical 64:71 arg1 properties 73:82 the chemical properties 60:82 the chemical properties 60:82 Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the chemical properties, antioxidant activity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus. 29389616 3 47 theme free 698:701 arg1 d-galactose 740:750 d-galactose 740:750 d-galactose 740:750 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 3 47 theme free 698:701 arg1 d-glucose 729:737 d-glucose 729:737 d-glucose 729:737 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 3 47 theme free 698:701 arg1 monosaccharides 703:717 the free monosaccharides 694:717 the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose 694:763 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 3 47 theme free 698:701 arg1 d-xylose 756:763 d-xylose 756:763 d-xylose 756:763 The reducing ends were increased and the free monosaccharides including d-glucose, d-galactose and d-xylose were released suggested that the degradation of UIOPS-1 was caused by disrupting the aggregates and glycosidic bonds. 29389616 5 48 theme α-glucosidase 1059:1071 arg1 activities 1084:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1041:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 1041:1104 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 2 49 theme molecular 534:542 arg1 Mw 552:553 Mw 552:553 Mw 552:553 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 2 49 theme molecular 534:542 arg1 weight 544:549 the molecular weight 530:549 the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 530:565 Results showed that the monosaccharides composition, structure and conformation of polysaccharides were remarkably altered, and the molecular weight (Mw) of UIOPS-1 was steadily decreased from 105.02kDa to 88.97kDa and 36.74kDa after simulated digestion. 29389616 1 50 theme polysaccharides 352:366 arg1 properties 308:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 physicochemical properties 292:317 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 1 50 theme polysaccharides 352:366 arg1 activities 338:347 the biological activities 323:347 the biological activities 323:347 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 29389616 5 51 theme inhibitory 1073:1082 arg1 activities 1084:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities 1041:1093 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 1041:1104 The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of UIOPS-1 were significantly increased after digestion indicating a good control of postprandial hyperglycemia (P<0.001). 29389616 1 52 theme gastrointestinal 249:264 arg1 digestion 266:274 gastrointestinal digestion 249:274 gastrointestinal digestion in vitro 249:283 This study was aimed to investigate the impacts of gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the physicochemical properties and the biological activities of polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (UIOPS-1). 27522152 0 0 theme polysaccharide-based 73:92 arg1 columns 101:107 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 73:107 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 73:107 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 5 1 theme order 798:802 arg1 reversal 767:774 The reversal 763:774 The reversal of enantiomer elution order 763:802 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 5 2 theme selector 858:865 arg1 composition 875:885 the composition 871:885 the composition of the mobile phase 871:905 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 5 2 theme selector 858:865 arg1 chemistry 834:842 the chemistry 830:842 the chemistry of the chiral selector 830:865 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 4 3 theme successful 617:626 arg1 column 628:633 The most successful column 608:633 The most successful column 608:633 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 4 3 theme successful 617:626 arg1 Cellulose-2 643:653 Lux Cellulose-2 639:653 Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used 639:760 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 2 4 located observed 383:390 arg2 separation 353:362 No separation 350:362 No separation of enantiomers 350:377 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 4 located observed 383:390 arg1 column 399:404 any column 395:404 any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile 395:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 1 5 theme polysaccharide-based 258:277 arg1 columns 286:292 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 256:292 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 256:292 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 3 6 theme mobile 583:588 arg1 phases 590:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 Most of the chiral analytes were resolved into enantiomers when alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases were used. 27522152 1 7 theme chiral 279:284 arg1 columns 286:292 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 256:292 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 256:292 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 0 8 theme chiral 94:99 arg1 columns 101:107 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 73:107 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 73:107 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 0 9 theme normal 113:118 arg1 eluents 126:132 normal phase eluents 113:132 normal phase eluents 113:132 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 3 10 theme alcohol-hydrocarbon 558:576 arg1 phases 590:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 Most of the chiral analytes were resolved into enantiomers when alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases were used. 27522152 5 11 theme mobile 894:899 arg1 phase 901:905 the mobile phase 890:905 the mobile phase 890:905 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 2 12 theme phase 432:436 arg1 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 12 theme phase 432:436 arg1 methanol 459:466 pure methanol 454:466 pure methanol 454:466 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 12 theme phase 432:436 arg1 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 12 theme phase 432:436 arg1 eluents 438:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents 411:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile 411:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 3 13 theme type 578:581 arg1 phases 590:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 Most of the chiral analytes were resolved into enantiomers when alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases were used. 27522152 3 14 used used 602:605 arg2 phases 590:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases 558:595 Most of the chiral analytes were resolved into enantiomers when alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases were used. 27522152 2 15 theme mobile 425:430 arg1 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 15 theme mobile 425:430 arg1 methanol 459:466 pure methanol 454:466 pure methanol 454:466 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 15 theme mobile 425:430 arg1 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 15 theme mobile 425:430 arg1 eluents 438:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents 411:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile 411:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 5 16 theme enantiomer 779:788 arg1 order 798:802 enantiomer elution order 779:802 enantiomer elution order 779:802 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 2 17 theme No 350:351 arg1 separation 353:362 No separation 350:362 No separation of enantiomers 350:377 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 18 theme polar-organic 411:423 arg1 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 18 theme polar-organic 411:423 arg1 methanol 459:466 pure methanol 454:466 pure methanol 454:466 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 18 theme polar-organic 411:423 arg1 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 18 theme polar-organic 411:423 arg1 eluents 438:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents 411:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile 411:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 5 19 theme phase 901:905 arg1 composition 875:885 the composition 871:885 the composition of the mobile phase 871:905 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 5 19 theme phase 901:905 arg1 chemistry 834:842 the chemistry 830:842 the chemistry of the chiral selector 830:865 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 1 20 theme polar-organic 297:309 arg1 phases 342:347 polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases 297:347 polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases 297:347 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 1 21 theme enantiomers 205:215 arg1 separation 191:200 separation 191:200 separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists 191:238 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 0 22 theme elution 15:21 arg1 order 23:27 elution order 15:27 elution order 15:27 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 0 23 theme phase 120:124 arg1 eluents 126:132 normal phase eluents 113:132 normal phase eluents 113:132 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 1 24 theme alcohol-hydrocarbon 315:333 arg1 phases 342:347 polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases 297:347 polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases 297:347 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 0 25 theme high-performance 137:152 arg1 chromatography 161:174 high-performance liquid chromatography 137:174 high-performance liquid chromatography 137:174 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 1 26 theme mobile 335:340 arg1 phases 342:347 polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases 297:347 polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases 297:347 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 1 27 theme chiral 222:227 arg1 β-agonists 229:238 8 chiral β-agonists 220:238 8 chiral β-agonists 220:238 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 4 28 theme mobile 744:749 arg1 phase 751:755 one mobile phase 740:755 one mobile phase used 740:760 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 0 29 theme enantiomers 36:46 arg1 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation 0:9 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 0 29 theme enantiomers 36:46 arg1 order 23:27 elution order 15:27 elution order 15:27 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 0 30 theme liquid 154:159 arg1 chromatography 161:174 high-performance liquid chromatography 137:174 high-performance liquid chromatography 137:174 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 2 31 theme enantiomers 367:377 arg1 separation 353:362 No separation 350:362 No separation of enantiomers 350:377 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 1 32 theme β-agonists 229:238 arg1 enantiomers 205:215 enantiomers 205:215 enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists 205:238 In this study separation of enantiomers of 8 chiral β-agonists were studied on 6 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar-organic and alcohol-hydrocarbon mobile phases. 27522152 2 33 with column 399:404 arg1 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 ethanol 469:475 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 33 with column 399:404 arg1 methanol 459:466 pure methanol 454:466 pure methanol 454:466 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 33 with column 399:404 arg1 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 acetonitrile 480:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 2 33 with column 399:404 arg1 eluents 438:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents 411:444 polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile 411:491 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 4 34 dep resolved 700:707 arg1 baseline 691:698 baseline 691:698 baseline 691:698 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 3 35 theme chiral 506:511 arg1 analytes 513:520 the chiral analytes 502:520 the chiral analytes 502:520 Most of the chiral analytes were resolved into enantiomers when alcohol-hydrocarbon type mobile phases were used. 27522152 4 36 theme Lux 639:641 arg1 column 628:633 The most successful column 608:633 The most successful column 608:633 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 4 36 theme Lux 639:641 arg1 Cellulose-2 643:653 Lux Cellulose-2 639:653 Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used 639:760 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 0 37 theme β-agonists 56:65 arg1 enantiomers 36:46 the enantiomers 32:46 the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography 32:174 Separation and elution order of the enantiomers of some β-agonists using polysaccharide-based chiral columns and normal phase eluents by high-performance liquid chromatography. 27522152 4 38 theme chiral 670:675 arg1 analytes 677:684 all 8 chiral analytes 664:684 all 8 chiral analytes 664:684 The most successful column was Lux Cellulose-2 on which all 8 chiral analytes were baseline resolved into enantiomers at least with one mobile phase used. 27522152 2 39 theme pure 454:457 arg1 methanol 459:466 pure methanol 454:466 pure methanol 454:466 No separation of enantiomers was observed on any column with polar-organic mobile phase eluents such as pure methanol, ethanol or acetonitrile. 27522152 5 40 theme elution 790:796 arg1 order 798:802 enantiomer elution order 779:802 enantiomer elution order 779:802 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 27522152 5 41 theme chiral 851:856 arg1 selector 858:865 the chiral selector 847:865 the chiral selector 847:865 The reversal of enantiomer elution order was observed dependent on the chemistry of the chiral selector and the composition of the mobile phase. 25643998 2 0 theme optimal 389:395 arg1 parameters 408:417 The optimal extraction parameters 385:417 The optimal extraction parameters 385:417 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 7 1 theme macrophage 1240:1249 arg1 cells 1251:1255 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1230:1255 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1230:1255 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 0 2 from extraction 19:28 arg1 odoratum 101:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 4 3 theme molecular 824:832 arg1 ratio 834:838 a molecular ratio 822:838 a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10 822:908 Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that CPP and HPP consisted of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10, respectively. 25643998 8 4 theme extraction 1516:1525 arg1 polysaccharides 1527:1541 extraction polysaccharides 1516:1541 extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1516:1558 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 1 5 theme preliminary 268:278 arg1 characteristics 289:303 the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics 248:303 the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics 248:303 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 4 6 theme 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 843:872 arg1 ratio 834:838 a molecular ratio 822:838 a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10 822:908 Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that CPP and HPP consisted of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10, respectively. 25643998 1 7 theme chemical 280:287 arg1 characteristics 289:303 the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics 248:303 the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics 248:303 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 7 8 theme RAW 1230:1232 arg1 cells 1251:1255 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1230:1255 RAW 264.7 macrophage cells 1230:1255 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 2 9 theme cellulase 519:527 arg1 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 9 theme cellulase 519:527 arg1 h 495:495 3.18 h 490:495 3.18 h 490:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 9 theme cellulase 519:527 arg1 °C 464:465 58.21 °C 458:465 58.21 °C 458:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 9 theme cellulase 519:527 arg1 amount 529:534 cellulase amount 519:534 cellulase amount of 6.0% 519:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 9 theme cellulase 519:527 arg1 % 542:542 6.0% 539:542 6.0% 539:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 0 10 from bioactivity 53:63 arg1 odoratum 101:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 8 11 theme functional 1406:1415 arg1 activities 1417:1426 the functional activities 1402:1426 the functional activities of polysaccharides 1402:1445 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 6 12 theme DPPH 1082:1085 arg1 activity 1106:1113 DPPH radical scavenging activity 1082:1113 DPPH radical scavenging activity 1082:1113 CPP exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than HPP, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. 25643998 6 13 theme scavenging 1095:1104 arg1 activity 1106:1113 DPPH radical scavenging activity 1082:1113 DPPH radical scavenging activity 1082:1113 CPP exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than HPP, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. 25643998 2 14 theme extraction 432:441 arg1 temperature 443:453 an extraction temperature 429:453 an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C 429:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 1 15 from odoratum 177:184 arg1 polysaccharides 144:158 polysaccharides 144:158 polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) 144:190 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 15 from odoratum 177:184 arg1 extraction 130:139 Cellulase-assisted extraction 111:139 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) 111:190 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 16 theme response 209:216 arg1 RSM 239:241 RSM 239:241 RSM 239:241 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 16 theme response 209:216 arg1 methodology 226:236 response surface methodology 209:236 response surface methodology (RSM) 209:242 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 7 17 theme neutral 1202:1208 arg1 phagocytosis 1214:1225 neutral red phagocytosis 1202:1225 neutral red phagocytosis 1202:1225 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 1 18 theme Cellulase-assisted 111:128 arg1 extraction 130:139 Cellulase-assisted extraction 111:139 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) 111:190 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 19 theme surface 218:224 arg1 RSM 239:241 RSM 239:241 RSM 239:241 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 19 theme surface 218:224 arg1 methodology 226:236 response surface methodology 209:236 response surface methodology (RSM) 209:242 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 2 20 theme extraction 471:480 arg1 time 482:485 an extraction time 468:485 an extraction time of 3.18 h 468:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 5 21 theme CPP 962:964 arg1 distribution 946:957 The molecular weight distribution 925:957 The molecular weight distribution of CPP 925:964 The molecular weight distribution of CPP was lower and more homogeneous compared with HPP. 25643998 5 21 theme CPP 962:964 arg1 lower 970:974 lower 970:974 lower 970:974 The molecular weight distribution of CPP was lower and more homogeneous compared with HPP. 25643998 0 22 from odoratum 101:108 arg1 polysaccharides 68:82 polysaccharides 68:82 polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum 68:108 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 0 22 from odoratum 101:108 arg1 characterization 31:46 characterization 31:46 characterization 31:46 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 0 22 from odoratum 101:108 arg1 bioactivity 53:63 bioactivity 53:63 bioactivity 53:63 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 0 22 from odoratum 101:108 arg1 extraction 19:28 extraction 19:28 extraction 19:28 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 8 23 theme polysaccharides 1431:1445 arg1 characteristics 1367:1381 the physicochemical characteristics 1347:1381 the physicochemical characteristics 1347:1381 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 8 23 theme polysaccharides 1431:1445 arg1 activities 1417:1426 the functional activities 1402:1426 the functional activities of polysaccharides 1402:1445 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 temperature 443:453 an extraction temperature 429:453 an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C 429:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 amount 529:534 cellulase amount 519:534 cellulase amount of 6.0% 519:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 time 482:485 an extraction time 468:485 an extraction time of 3.18 h 468:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 value 501:505 pH value 498:505 pH value of 5.8 498:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 °C 464:465 58.21 °C 458:465 58.21 °C 458:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 % 542:542 6.0% 539:542 6.0% 539:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 24 theme °C 464:465 arg1 h 495:495 3.18 h 490:495 3.18 h 490:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 25 theme pH 498:499 arg1 value 501:505 pH value 498:505 pH value of 5.8 498:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 8 26 theme extraction 1318:1327 arg1 method 1329:1334 the cellulase-assisted extraction method 1295:1334 the cellulase-assisted extraction method 1295:1334 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 temperature 443:453 an extraction temperature 429:453 an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C 429:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 amount 529:534 cellulase amount 519:534 cellulase amount of 6.0% 519:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 time 482:485 an extraction time 468:485 an extraction time of 3.18 h 468:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 value 501:505 pH value 498:505 pH value of 5.8 498:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 °C 464:465 58.21 °C 458:465 58.21 °C 458:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 % 542:542 6.0% 539:542 6.0% 539:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 27 theme % 542:542 arg1 h 495:495 3.18 h 490:495 3.18 h 490:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 8 28 theme cellulase-assisted 1299:1316 arg1 method 1329:1334 the cellulase-assisted extraction method 1295:1334 the cellulase-assisted extraction method 1295:1334 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 7 29 theme red 1210:1212 arg1 phagocytosis 1214:1225 neutral red phagocytosis 1202:1225 neutral red phagocytosis 1202:1225 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 1 30 theme antioxidant 317:327 arg1 activities 350:359 antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 317:359 activities 350:359 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 8 31 theme physicochemical 1351:1365 arg1 characteristics 1367:1381 the physicochemical characteristics 1347:1381 the physicochemical characteristics 1347:1381 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 7 32 dep proliferation 1184:1196 arg1 the 1180:1182 the 1180:1182 the 1180:1182 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 temperature 443:453 an extraction temperature 429:453 an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C 429:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 amount 529:534 cellulase amount 519:534 cellulase amount of 6.0% 519:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 time 482:485 an extraction time 468:485 an extraction time of 3.18 h 468:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 value 501:505 pH value 498:505 pH value of 5.8 498:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 °C 464:465 58.21 °C 458:465 58.21 °C 458:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 % 542:542 6.0% 539:542 6.0% 539:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 33 theme h 495:495 arg1 h 495:495 3.18 h 490:495 3.18 h 490:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 4 34 theme 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10 878:908 arg1 ratio 834:838 a molecular ratio 822:838 a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10 822:908 Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that CPP and HPP consisted of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10, respectively. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 temperature 443:453 an extraction temperature 429:453 an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C 429:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 amount 529:534 cellulase amount 519:534 cellulase amount of 6.0% 519:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 time 482:485 an extraction time 468:485 an extraction time of 3.18 h 468:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 value 501:505 pH value 498:505 pH value of 5.8 498:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 5.8 510:512 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 °C 464:465 58.21 °C 458:465 58.21 °C 458:465 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 % 542:542 6.0% 539:542 6.0% 539:542 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 2 35 theme 5.8 510:512 arg1 h 495:495 3.18 h 490:495 3.18 h 490:495 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 3 36 theme relative 573:580 arg1 yield 582:586 the relative yield 569:586 the relative yield 569:586 Under these conditions, the relative yield was 15.76%, higher than the yield achieved with hot water extracted polysaccharide (HPP). 25643998 3 36 theme relative 573:580 arg1 % 597:597 15.76% 592:597 15.76% 592:597 Under these conditions, the relative yield was 15.76%, higher than the yield achieved with hot water extracted polysaccharide (HPP). 25643998 1 37 theme polysaccharides 144:158 arg1 extraction 130:139 Cellulase-assisted extraction 111:139 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) 111:190 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 38 theme immunomodulatory 333:348 arg1 activities 350:359 antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities 317:359 activities 350:359 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 8 39 theme cellulose-assisted 1463:1480 arg1 option 1505:1510 a viable option 1496:1510 a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1496:1558 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 8 39 theme cellulose-assisted 1463:1480 arg1 method 1482:1487 the cellulose-assisted method 1459:1487 the cellulose-assisted method 1459:1487 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 4 40 theme Chemical 678:685 arg1 analysis 699:706 Chemical composition analysis 678:706 Chemical composition analysis 678:706 Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that CPP and HPP consisted of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10, respectively. 25643998 1 41 from extraction 130:139 arg1 CPP 187:189 CPP 187:189 CPP 187:189 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 1 41 from extraction 130:139 arg1 odoratum 177:184 Polygonatum odoratum 165:184 Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) 165:190 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 4 42 theme composition 687:697 arg1 analysis 699:706 Chemical composition analysis 678:706 Chemical composition analysis 678:706 Chemical composition analysis demonstrated that CPP and HPP consisted of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with a molecular ratio of 7.80:1.08:1.63:65.93:3.58:1.00 and 11.22:0.23:0.23:17.59:2.73:9.10, respectively. 25643998 3 43 theme higher 600:605 arg1 yield 582:586 the relative yield 569:586 the relative yield 569:586 Under these conditions, the relative yield was 15.76%, higher than the yield achieved with hot water extracted polysaccharide (HPP). 25643998 3 43 theme higher 600:605 arg1 % 597:597 15.76% 592:597 15.76% 592:597 Under these conditions, the relative yield was 15.76%, higher than the yield achieved with hot water extracted polysaccharide (HPP). 25643998 5 44 theme molecular 929:937 arg1 distribution 946:957 The molecular weight distribution 925:957 The molecular weight distribution of CPP 925:964 The molecular weight distribution of CPP was lower and more homogeneous compared with HPP. 25643998 5 44 theme molecular 929:937 arg1 lower 970:974 lower 970:974 lower 970:974 The molecular weight distribution of CPP was lower and more homogeneous compared with HPP. 25643998 6 45 theme antioxidant 1039:1049 arg1 activities 1051:1060 stronger antioxidant activities 1030:1060 stronger antioxidant activities 1030:1060 CPP exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than HPP, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. 25643998 3 46 theme hot 636:638 arg1 water 640:644 hot water 636:644 hot water extracted polysaccharide (HPP) 636:675 Under these conditions, the relative yield was 15.76%, higher than the yield achieved with hot water extracted polysaccharide (HPP). 25643998 5 47 theme weight 939:944 arg1 distribution 946:957 The molecular weight distribution 925:957 The molecular weight distribution of CPP 925:964 The molecular weight distribution of CPP was lower and more homogeneous compared with HPP. 25643998 5 47 theme weight 939:944 arg1 lower 970:974 lower 970:974 lower 970:974 The molecular weight distribution of CPP was lower and more homogeneous compared with HPP. 25643998 6 48 theme stronger 1030:1037 arg1 activities 1051:1060 stronger antioxidant activities 1030:1060 stronger antioxidant activities 1030:1060 CPP exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than HPP, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. 25643998 7 49 theme cells 1251:1255 arg1 proliferation 1184:1196 proliferation 1184:1196 proliferation 1184:1196 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 7 49 theme cells 1251:1255 arg1 phagocytosis 1214:1225 neutral red phagocytosis 1202:1225 neutral red phagocytosis 1202:1225 Both CPP and HPP could significantly promote the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. 25643998 6 50 theme reducing 1119:1126 arg1 power 1128:1132 reducing power 1119:1132 reducing power 1119:1132 CPP exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than HPP, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. 25643998 8 51 theme viable 1498:1503 arg1 option 1505:1510 a viable option 1496:1510 a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1496:1558 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 8 51 theme viable 1498:1503 arg1 method 1482:1487 the cellulose-assisted method 1459:1487 the cellulose-assisted method 1459:1487 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 25643998 6 52 theme radical 1087:1093 arg1 activity 1106:1113 DPPH radical scavenging activity 1082:1113 DPPH radical scavenging activity 1082:1113 CPP exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than HPP, including DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. 25643998 1 53 theme extracted 252:260 arg1 characteristics 289:303 the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics 248:303 the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics 248:303 Cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum (CPP) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and the extracted CPP's preliminary chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities were also investigated. 25643998 0 54 theme polysaccharides 68:82 arg1 characterization 31:46 characterization 31:46 characterization 31:46 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 0 54 theme polysaccharides 68:82 arg1 bioactivity 53:63 bioactivity 53:63 bioactivity 53:63 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 0 54 theme polysaccharides 68:82 arg1 extraction 19:28 extraction 19:28 extraction 19:28 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 0 55 from characterization 31:46 arg1 odoratum 101:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Polygonatum odoratum 89:108 Cellulase-assisted extraction, characterization, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum. 25643998 2 56 theme extraction 397:406 arg1 parameters 408:417 The optimal extraction parameters 385:417 The optimal extraction parameters 385:417 The optimal extraction parameters comprised an extraction temperature of 58.21 °C, an extraction time of 3.18 h, pH value of 5.8, and cellulase amount of 6.0%. 25643998 8 57 from odoratum 1551:1558 arg1 polysaccharides 1527:1541 extraction polysaccharides 1516:1541 extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum 1516:1558 These results indicate that the cellulase-assisted extraction method influenced the physicochemical characteristics, and consequently, the functional activities of polysaccharides, suggesting the cellulose-assisted method may be a viable option for extraction polysaccharides from P. odoratum. 26213246 4 0 theme eicosapentaenoic 844:859 arg1 EPA 867:869 EPA 867:869 EPA 867:869 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 4 0 theme eicosapentaenoic 844:859 arg1 acid 861:864 eicosapentaenoic acid 844:864 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 844:870 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 8 1 theme high-value 1354:1363 arg1 cucumber 1369:1376 high-value sea cucumber 1354:1376 high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents 1354:1430 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 3 2 theme acids 590:594 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 5 3 theme PUFAs 979:983 arg1 proportion 965:974 a higher proportion 956:974 a higher proportion of PUFAs 956:983 DSG-SCs had a higher proportion of PUFAs and were richer in polysaccharides than other seafood. 26213246 4 4 theme origin 729:734 arg1 DSG-SC 712:717 DSG-SC 712:717 DSG-SC of Dalian origin 712:734 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 2 5 from composition 293:303 arg1 DSG-SCs 402:408 DSG-SCs 402:408 DSG-SCs from different origins 402:431 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 5 from composition 293:303 arg1 origins 425:431 different origins 415:431 different origins 415:431 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 3 6 theme amino 611:615 arg1 TAAs 624:627 TAAs 624:627 TAAs 624:627 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 6 theme amino 611:615 arg1 acids 617:621 total amino acids 605:621 total amino acids (TAAs) 605:628 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 source 1172:1177 a good source 1165:1177 a good source of collagen 1165:1189 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 EPA 1291:1293 EPA 1291:1293 EPA 1291:1293 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 DSG-SCs 1153:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs 1142:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs 1142:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 threonine 1258:1266 threonine 1258:1266 threonine 1258:1266 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 polysaccharides 1192:1206 polysaccharides 1192:1206 polysaccharides (especially fucose) 1192:1226 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 DHA 1299:1301 DHA 1299:1301 DHA 1299:1301 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 EAAs 1229:1232 EAAs 1229:1232 EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) 1229:1267 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 PUFAs 1273:1277 PUFAs 1273:1277 PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA) 1273:1302 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 7 theme collagen 1182:1189 arg1 leucine 1246:1252 leucine 1246:1252 leucine 1246:1252 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 4 8 theme fucose 904:909 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 1 9 from seafood 242:248 arg1 Asia 253:256 Asia 253:256 Asia 253:256 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 2 10 from origins 425:431 arg1 DSG-SCs 402:408 DSG-SCs 402:408 DSG-SCs from different origins 402:431 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 10 from origins 425:431 arg1 composition 293:303 proximate composition 283:303 proximate composition 283:303 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 10 from origins 425:431 arg1 quality 321:327 nutritional quality 309:327 nutritional quality 309:327 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 3 11 theme acids 647:651 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 4 12 theme lower 740:744 arg1 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 3 13 theme essential 631:639 arg1 EAAs 654:657 EAAs 654:657 EAAs 654:657 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 13 theme essential 631:639 arg1 acids 647:651 essential amino acids 631:651 essential amino acids (EAAs) 631:658 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 14 theme fatty 511:515 arg1 acids 517:521 protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids 458:521 protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 458:528 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 14 theme fatty 511:515 arg1 SFAs 524:527 SFAs 524:527 SFAs 524:527 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 6 15 theme dominant 1071:1078 arg1 glycine 1054:1060 glycine 1054:1060 glycine 1054:1060 Glutamate and glycine were the dominant AAs, while leucine and threonine were the most abundant EAAs. 26213246 6 15 theme dominant 1071:1078 arg1 Glutamate 1040:1048 Glutamate 1040:1048 Glutamate 1040:1048 Glutamate and glycine were the dominant AAs, while leucine and threonine were the most abundant EAAs. 26213246 6 15 theme dominant 1071:1078 arg1 AAs 1080:1082 the dominant AAs 1067:1082 the dominant AAs 1067:1082 Glutamate and glycine were the dominant AAs, while leucine and threonine were the most abundant EAAs. 26213246 3 16 theme monounsaturated 531:545 arg1 MUFAs 560:564 MUFAs 560:564 MUFAs 560:564 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 16 theme monounsaturated 531:545 arg1 acids 553:557 monounsaturated fatty acids 531:557 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) 531:565 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 1 17 theme BACKGROUND 125:134 arg1 cucumber 156:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber 125:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) 125:194 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 1 17 theme BACKGROUND 125:134 arg1 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 4 18 theme EAAs 790:793 arg1 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 4 19 theme other 929:933 arg1 origins 935:941 the other origins 925:941 the other origins 925:941 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 0 20 theme growth 58:63 arg1 sea 65:67 deep sea growth sea 49:67 deep sea growth sea 49:67 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 4 21 theme PUFAs 837:841 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 1 22 theme sea 141:143 arg1 cucumber 156:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber 125:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) 125:194 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 1 22 theme sea 141:143 arg1 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 4 23 theme higher 799:804 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 3 24 theme acid 679:682 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 1 25 theme sea 152:154 arg1 cucumber 156:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber 125:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) 125:194 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 1 25 theme sea 152:154 arg1 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 4 26 theme acid 775:778 arg1 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 6 27 theme abundant 1127:1134 arg1 EAAs 1136:1139 the most abundant EAAs 1118:1139 the most abundant EAAs 1118:1139 Glutamate and glycine were the dominant AAs, while leucine and threonine were the most abundant EAAs. 26213246 6 27 theme abundant 1127:1134 arg1 threonine 1103:1111 threonine 1103:1111 threonine 1103:1111 Glutamate and glycine were the dominant AAs, while leucine and threonine were the most abundant EAAs. 26213246 6 27 theme abundant 1127:1134 arg1 leucine 1091:1097 leucine 1091:1097 leucine 1091:1097 Glutamate and glycine were the dominant AAs, while leucine and threonine were the most abundant EAAs. 26213246 4 28 theme TAAs 781:784 arg1 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 4 29 contain had 736:738 arg1 DSG-SC 712:717 DSG-SC 712:717 DSG-SC of Dalian origin 712:734 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 4 29 contain had 736:738 arg2 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 2 30 theme amino 359:363 arg1 acids 365:369 amino acids 359:369 amino acids (AAs) 359:375 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 30 theme amino 359:363 arg1 AAs 372:374 AAs 372:374 AAs 372:374 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 0 31 theme Proximate 0:8 arg1 composition 10:20 Proximate composition 0:20 Proximate composition 0:20 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 7 32 dep EAAs 1229:1232 arg1 threonine 1258:1266 threonine 1258:1266 threonine 1258:1266 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 32 dep EAAs 1229:1232 arg1 EAAs 1229:1232 EAAs 1229:1232 EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) 1229:1267 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 32 dep EAAs 1229:1232 arg1 leucine 1246:1252 leucine 1246:1252 leucine 1246:1252 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 2 33 theme fatty 381:385 arg1 FAs 394:396 FAs 394:396 FAs 394:396 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 33 theme fatty 381:385 arg1 acids 387:391 fatty acids 381:391 fatty acids (FAs) 381:397 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 5 34 theme higher 958:963 arg1 proportion 965:974 a higher proportion 956:974 a higher proportion of PUFAs 956:983 DSG-SCs had a higher proportion of PUFAs and were richer in polysaccharides than other seafood. 26213246 2 35 theme different 415:423 arg1 origins 425:431 different origins 415:431 different origins 415:431 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 3 36 theme acids 553:557 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 1 37 dep cucumber 156:163 arg1 japonicus 176:184 Stichopus japonicus 166:184 Stichopus japonicus 166:184 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 0 38 theme deep 49:52 arg1 sea 65:67 deep sea growth sea 49:67 deep sea growth sea 49:67 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 3 39 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 PUFAs 597:601 PUFAs 597:601 PUFAs 597:601 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 39 theme fatty 584:588 arg1 acids 590:594 polyunsaturated fatty acids 568:594 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 568:602 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 7 40 dep PUFAs 1273:1277 arg1 DHA 1299:1301 DHA 1299:1301 DHA 1299:1301 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 40 dep PUFAs 1273:1277 arg1 PUFAs 1273:1277 PUFAs 1273:1277 PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA) 1273:1302 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 40 dep PUFAs 1273:1277 arg1 EPA 1291:1293 EPA 1291:1293 EPA 1291:1293 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 4 41 theme acid 889:892 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 3 42 theme protein 458:464 arg1 acids 517:521 protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids 458:521 protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 458:528 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 42 theme protein 458:464 arg1 SFAs 524:527 SFAs 524:527 SFAs 524:527 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 4 43 theme acid 861:864 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 2 44 theme collagen 332:339 arg1 composition 293:303 proximate composition 283:303 proximate composition 283:303 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 44 theme collagen 332:339 arg1 quality 321:327 nutritional quality 309:327 nutritional quality 309:327 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 1 45 theme nutritious 217:226 arg1 seafood 242:248 a most nutritious and luxurious seafood 210:248 a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia 210:256 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 1 46 theme luxurious 232:240 arg1 seafood 242:248 a most nutritious and luxurious seafood 210:248 a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia 210:256 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 8 47 with cucumber 1369:1376 arg1 PUFA 1388:1391 high PUFA 1383:1391 high PUFA 1383:1391 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 8 47 with cucumber 1369:1376 arg1 collagen 1402:1409 collagen 1402:1409 collagen 1402:1409 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 8 47 with cucumber 1369:1376 arg1 contents 1423:1430 protein contents 1415:1430 protein contents 1415:1430 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 8 47 with cucumber 1369:1376 arg1 fucose 1394:1399 fucose 1394:1399 fucose 1394:1399 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 4 48 theme Dalian 722:727 arg1 origin 729:734 Dalian origin 722:734 Dalian origin 722:734 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 2 49 from quality 321:327 arg1 DSG-SCs 402:408 DSG-SCs 402:408 DSG-SCs from different origins 402:431 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 49 from quality 321:327 arg1 origins 425:431 different origins 415:431 different origins 415:431 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 8 50 theme sea 1365:1367 arg1 cucumber 1369:1376 high-value sea cucumber 1354:1376 high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents 1354:1430 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 3 51 theme acids 617:621 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 8 52 theme protein 1415:1421 arg1 contents 1423:1430 protein contents 1415:1430 protein contents 1415:1430 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 3 53 theme total 605:609 arg1 TAAs 624:627 TAAs 624:627 TAAs 624:627 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 53 theme total 605:609 arg1 acids 617:621 total amino acids 605:621 total amino acids (TAAs) 605:628 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 2 54 theme proximate 283:291 arg1 composition 293:303 proximate composition 283:303 proximate composition 283:303 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 4 55 theme ash 758:760 arg1 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 7 56 theme good 1167:1170 arg1 source 1172:1177 a good source 1165:1177 a good source of collagen 1165:1189 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 56 theme good 1167:1170 arg1 DSG-SCs 1153:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs 1142:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs 1142:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 3 57 theme acids 517:521 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 4 58 theme fat 763:765 arg1 contents 746:753 lower contents 740:753 lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs 740:793 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 5 59 contain had 952:954 arg2 proportion 965:974 a higher proportion 956:974 a higher proportion of PUFAs 956:983 DSG-SCs had a higher proportion of PUFAs and were richer in polysaccharides than other seafood. 26213246 5 59 contain had 952:954 arg1 DSG-SCs 944:950 DSG-SCs 944:950 DSG-SCs 944:950 DSG-SCs had a higher proportion of PUFAs and were richer in polysaccharides than other seafood. 26213246 3 60 theme saturated 501:509 arg1 acids 517:521 protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids 458:521 protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) 458:528 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 60 theme saturated 501:509 arg1 SFAs 524:527 SFAs 524:527 SFAs 524:527 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 7 61 theme CONCLUSION 1142:1151 arg1 source 1172:1177 a good source 1165:1177 a good source of collagen 1165:1189 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 7 61 theme CONCLUSION 1142:1151 arg1 DSG-SCs 1153:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs 1142:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs 1142:1159 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 3 62 theme amino 641:645 arg1 EAAs 654:657 EAAs 654:657 EAAs 654:657 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 62 theme amino 641:645 arg1 acids 647:651 essential amino acids 631:651 essential amino acids (EAAs) 631:658 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 7 63 dep polysaccharides 1192:1206 arg1 fucose 1220:1225 fucose 1220:1225 especially fucose 1209:1225 CONCLUSION DSG-SCs are a good source of collagen, polysaccharides (especially fucose), EAAs (especially leucine and threonine) and PUFAs (especially EPA and DHA). 26213246 9 64 theme Chemical 1451:1458 arg1 Industry 1460:1467 Chemical Industry 1451:1467 Chemical Industry 1451:1467 © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. 26213246 3 65 theme fucose 661:666 arg1 RESULTS 434:440 RESULTS The contents 434:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 0 66 theme sea 65:67 arg1 composition 10:20 Proximate composition 0:20 Proximate composition 0:20 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 0 66 theme sea 65:67 arg1 quality 38:44 nutritional quality 26:44 nutritional quality 26:44 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 1 67 theme Deep 136:139 arg1 cucumber 156:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber 125:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) 125:194 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 1 67 theme Deep 136:139 arg1 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 5 68 theme other 1025:1029 arg1 seafood 1031:1037 other seafood 1025:1037 other seafood 1025:1037 DSG-SCs had a higher proportion of PUFAs and were richer in polysaccharides than other seafood. 26213246 1 69 theme growth 145:150 arg1 cucumber 156:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber 125:163 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) 125:194 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 1 69 theme growth 145:150 arg1 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 DSG-SC 188:193 BACKGROUND Deep sea growth sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) (DSG-SC) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia. 26213246 0 70 theme different 106:114 arg1 origins 116:122 different origins 106:122 different origins 106:122 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 4 71 theme uronic 768:773 arg1 acid 775:778 uronic acid 768:778 uronic acid 768:778 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 3 72 theme uronic 672:677 arg1 acid 679:682 uronic acid 672:682 uronic acid 672:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 73 dep RESULTS 434:440 arg1 contents 446:453 The contents 442:453 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid 434:682 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 2 74 theme acids 365:369 arg1 composition 293:303 proximate composition 283:303 proximate composition 283:303 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 74 theme acids 365:369 arg1 quality 321:327 nutritional quality 309:327 nutritional quality 309:327 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 4 75 theme collagen 827:834 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 2 76 dep composition 293:303 arg1 the 279:281 the 279:281 the 279:281 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 0 77 theme nutritional 26:36 arg1 quality 38:44 nutritional quality 26:44 nutritional quality 26:44 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 2 78 theme acids 387:391 arg1 composition 293:303 proximate composition 283:303 proximate composition 283:303 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 78 theme acids 387:391 arg1 quality 321:327 nutritional quality 309:327 nutritional quality 309:327 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 79 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 composition 293:303 proximate composition 283:303 proximate composition 283:303 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 2 79 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 quality 321:327 nutritional quality 309:327 nutritional quality 309:327 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 3 80 theme fatty 547:551 arg1 MUFAs 560:564 MUFAs 560:564 MUFAs 560:564 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 80 theme fatty 547:551 arg1 acids 553:557 monounsaturated fatty acids 531:557 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) 531:565 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 0 81 theme sea 54:56 arg1 sea 65:67 deep sea growth sea 49:67 deep sea growth sea 49:67 Proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) from different origins. 26213246 4 82 theme protein 818:824 arg1 contents 806:813 higher contents 799:813 higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose 799:909 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 3 83 theme polyunsaturated 568:582 arg1 PUFAs 597:601 PUFAs 597:601 PUFAs 597:601 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 3 83 theme polyunsaturated 568:582 arg1 acids 590:594 polyunsaturated fatty acids 568:594 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 568:602 RESULTS The contents of protein, ash, carbohydrate, fat, collagen, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), total amino acids (TAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), fucose and uronic acid differed among the origins. 26213246 2 84 theme nutritional 309:319 arg1 quality 321:327 nutritional quality 309:327 nutritional quality 309:327 This study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) in DSG-SCs from different origins. 26213246 8 85 theme high 1383:1386 arg1 PUFA 1388:1391 high PUFA 1383:1391 high PUFA 1383:1391 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 8 86 theme promising 1326:1334 arg1 origin 1336:1341 a promising origin 1324:1341 a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents 1324:1430 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 8 86 theme promising 1326:1334 arg1 Dalian 1305:1310 Dalian 1305:1310 Dalian 1305:1310 Dalian seems to be a promising origin to produce high-value sea cucumber with high PUFA, fucose, collagen and protein contents. 26213246 4 87 theme docosahexaenoic 873:887 arg1 DHA 895:897 DHA 895:897 DHA 895:897 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 26213246 4 87 theme docosahexaenoic 873:887 arg1 acid 889:892 docosahexaenoic acid 873:892 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 873:898 DSG-SC of Dalian origin had lower contents of ash, fat, uronic acid, TAAs and EAAs but higher contents of protein, collagen, PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fucose compared with the other origins. 28899775 4 0 theme polysaccharide 849:862 arg1 composition 864:874 the polysaccharide composition 845:874 the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface 845:900 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 11 1 theme phagocytic 2186:2195 arg1 cells 2197:2201 phagocytic cells 2186:2201 phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes 2186:2237 The percentage of phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes decreased significantly for zymosan and zymocel, but not for yeast. 28899775 2 2 theme high 344:347 arg1 ability 360:366 a high phagocytic ability 342:366 a high phagocytic ability 342:366 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 7 3 theme phagocytic 1360:1369 arg1 frequencies 1371:1381 the phagocytic frequencies 1356:1381 the phagocytic frequencies 1356:1381 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 3 4 from polysaccharides 514:528 arg1 surface 547:553 the cell-wall surface 533:553 the cell-wall surface 533:553 C. gigas hemocytes might phagocytose yeast cells after binding to polysaccharides on the cell-wall surface, but it is unknown how and what kinds of polysaccharide molecules are recognized. 28899775 4 5 from differences 675:685 arg1 ability 705:711 the phagocytic ability 690:711 the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 690:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 4 5 from differences 675:685 arg1 zymocel 785:791 zymocel 785:791 zymocel 785:791 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 4 5 from differences 675:685 arg1 zymosan 773:779 zymosan 773:779 zymosan 773:779 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 1 6 theme important 268:276 arg1 role 278:281 an important role 265:281 an important role 265:281 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 9 7 theme phagocytic 1740:1749 arg1 hemocytes 1751:1759 all phagocytic hemocytes 1736:1759 all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI 1736:1781 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 3 8 theme cell-wall 537:545 arg1 surface 547:553 the cell-wall surface 533:553 the cell-wall surface 533:553 C. gigas hemocytes might phagocytose yeast cells after binding to polysaccharides on the cell-wall surface, but it is unknown how and what kinds of polysaccharide molecules are recognized. 28899775 1 9 theme oyster 170:175 arg1 gigas 189:193 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 162:193 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 162:193 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 10 10 theme respective 1919:1928 arg1 particles 1930:1938 these respective particles 1913:1938 these respective particles 1913:1938 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 7 11 dep 5 1321:1321 arg1 11-15 1335:1339 11-15 1335:1339 11-15 1335:1339 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 7 11 dep 5 1321:1321 arg1 ≥16 1346:1348 ≥16 1346:1348 ≥16 1346:1348 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 5 12 dep agranulocytes 926:938 arg1 the 922:924 the 922:924 the 922:924 We found that both the agranulocytes and granulocytes exerted strong phagocytic ability on all tested particles. 28899775 9 13 theme high 1770:1773 arg1 PI 1780:1781 a high mean PI 1768:1781 a high mean PI 1768:1781 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 14 14 theme stronger 2647:2654 arg1 ability 2667:2673 a much stronger phagocytic ability 2640:2673 a much stronger phagocytic ability 2640:2673 Some of the granulocyte subtypes revealed a much stronger phagocytic ability, depending on the presence of β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis. 28899775 7 15 theme PI 1274:1275 arg1 outcome 1247:1253 the outcome 1243:1253 the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan 1243:1287 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 4 16 theme particle 885:892 arg1 surface 894:900 their particle surface 879:900 their particle surface 879:900 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 4 17 theme C. gigas 716:723 arg1 hemocytes 725:733 C. gigas hemocytes 716:733 C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 716:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 11 18 theme β-laminarin-treated 2206:2224 arg1 granulocytes 2226:2237 β-laminarin-treated granulocytes 2206:2237 β-laminarin-treated granulocytes 2206:2237 The percentage of phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes decreased significantly for zymosan and zymocel, but not for yeast. 28899775 9 19 theme zymosan 1863:1869 arg1 portion 1852:1858 a larger portion 1843:1858 a larger portion of zymosan 1843:1869 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 10 20 theme polysaccharide 1980:1993 arg1 receptors 1995:2003 specific polysaccharide receptors 1971:2003 specific polysaccharide receptors 1971:2003 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 14 21 theme β-glucan 2705:2712 arg1 receptors 2714:2722 β-glucan receptors 2705:2722 β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis 2705:2739 Some of the granulocyte subtypes revealed a much stronger phagocytic ability, depending on the presence of β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis. 28899775 1 22 theme marine 131:136 arg1 mollusk 146:152 a marine bivalve mollusk 129:152 a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 129:193 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 6 23 theme phagocytic 1020:1029 arg1 9.4 ± 1.7 1074:1082 9.4 ± 1.7 1074:1082 9.4 ± 1.7 1074:1082 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 6 23 theme phagocytic 1020:1029 arg1 PI 1038:1039 PI 1038:1039 PI 1038:1039 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 6 23 theme phagocytic 1020:1029 arg1 index 1031:1035 The phagocytic index 1016:1035 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan 1016:1068 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 0 24 theme Crassostrea 60:70 arg1 gigas 72:76 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 45:76 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives 45:122 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 3 25 theme polysaccharide 596:609 arg1 molecules 611:619 polysaccharide molecules 596:619 polysaccharide molecules 596:619 C. gigas hemocytes might phagocytose yeast cells after binding to polysaccharides on the cell-wall surface, but it is unknown how and what kinds of polysaccharide molecules are recognized. 28899775 10 26 theme hemocyte 2012:2019 arg1 surface 2021:2027 the hemocyte surface 2008:2027 the hemocyte surface 2008:2027 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 2 27 contain have 337:340 arg2 ability 360:366 a high phagocytic ability 342:366 a high phagocytic ability 342:366 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 2 27 contain have 337:340 arg1 hemocytes 315:323 The hemocytes 311:323 The hemocytes of C. gigas 311:335 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 12 28 theme hemocytes 2415:2423 arg1 type 2403:2406 one type 2399:2406 one type of the hemocytes (granulocytes) 2399:2438 These results suggest that C. gigas might possess at least two types of hemocytes, and that one type of the hemocytes (granulocytes) is more active for phagocytosis. 28899775 5 29 theme strong 965:970 arg1 ability 983:989 strong phagocytic ability 965:989 strong phagocytic ability 965:989 We found that both the agranulocytes and granulocytes exerted strong phagocytic ability on all tested particles. 28899775 13 30 theme multiple 2509:2516 arg1 subtypes 2518:2525 multiple subtypes 2509:2525 multiple subtypes 2509:2525 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 0 31 theme cell-wall 102:110 arg1 derivatives 112:122 cell-wall derivatives 102:122 cell-wall derivatives 102:122 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 9 32 dep situation 1718:1726 arg1 wherein 1728:1734 wherein 1728:1734 wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI 1728:1781 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 4 33 theme yeast 755:759 arg1 yeast 765:769 heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 743:770 heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 743:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 0 34 theme Unique 0:5 arg1 properties 18:27 Unique phagocytic properties 0:27 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 0:123 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 6 35 theme granulocytes 1045:1056 arg1 9.4 ± 1.7 1074:1082 9.4 ± 1.7 1074:1082 9.4 ± 1.7 1074:1082 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 6 35 theme granulocytes 1045:1056 arg1 PI 1038:1039 PI 1038:1039 PI 1038:1039 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 6 35 theme granulocytes 1045:1056 arg1 index 1031:1035 The phagocytic index 1016:1035 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan 1016:1068 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 2 36 theme cell-wall 421:429 arg1 zymosan 439:445 its cell-wall product zymosan 417:445 its cell-wall product zymosan 417:445 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 10 37 theme soluble 2070:2076 arg1 α-mannan 2078:2085 soluble α-mannan 2070:2085 soluble α-mannan 2070:2085 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 4 38 theme HK 762:763 arg1 yeast 765:769 heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 743:770 heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 743:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 1 39 theme host 286:289 arg1 mechanisms 299:308 host defense mechanisms 286:308 host defense mechanisms 286:308 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 9 40 theme high 1669:1672 arg1 PI 1674:1675 the relatively high PI 1654:1675 the relatively high PI for zymosan 1654:1687 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 0 41 theme hemocytes 32:40 arg1 properties 18:27 Unique phagocytic properties 0:27 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 0:123 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 8 42 theme high 1461:1464 arg1 PI 1466:1467 a markedly high PI 1450:1467 a markedly high PI of ≥16 1450:1474 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 0 43 theme Pacific 45:51 arg1 gigas 72:76 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 45:76 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives 45:122 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 2 44 theme C. gigas 328:335 arg1 hemocytes 315:323 The hemocytes 311:323 The hemocytes of C. gigas 311:335 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 1 45 theme foreign 215:221 arg1 particles 223:231 foreign particles 215:231 foreign particles 215:231 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 2 46 theme phagocytic 349:358 arg1 ability 360:366 a high phagocytic ability 342:366 a high phagocytic ability 342:366 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 7 47 theme particles 1203:1211 arg1 types 1194:1198 the three types 1184:1198 the three types of particles 1184:1211 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 8 48 dep respectively 1600:1611 arg1 P < 0.05 1614:1621 P < 0.05 1614:1621 P < 0.05 1614:1621 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 13 49 theme multiple 2567:2574 arg1 receptors 2587:2595 multiple phagocytic receptors 2567:2595 multiple phagocytic receptors 2567:2595 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 8 50 theme granulocytes 1502:1513 arg1 granulocytes 1502:1513 granulocytes 1502:1513 granulocytes 1502:1513 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 8 50 theme granulocytes 1502:1513 arg1 % 1497:1497 18.1% 1493:1497 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05) 1493:1622 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 1 51 theme Pacific 162:168 arg1 gigas 189:193 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 162:193 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 162:193 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 10 52 theme particles 1930:1938 arg1 phagocytosis 1897:1908 the phagocytosis 1893:1908 the phagocytosis of these respective particles 1893:1938 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 13 53 theme different 2532:2540 arg1 abilities 2553:2561 different phagocytic abilities 2532:2561 different phagocytic abilities 2532:2561 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 1 54 theme Crassostrea 177:187 arg1 gigas 189:193 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 162:193 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 162:193 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 10 55 theme specific 1971:1978 arg1 receptors 1995:2003 specific polysaccharide receptors 1971:2003 specific polysaccharide receptors 1971:2003 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 8 56 theme HK 1578:1579 arg1 yeast 1581:1585 HK yeast 1578:1585 HK yeast 1578:1585 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 10 57 theme particles 2157:2165 arg1 types 2144:2148 the three types 2134:2148 the three types of the particles 2134:2165 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 6 58 theme HK 1128:1129 arg1 yeast 1131:1135 HK yeast 1128:1135 HK yeast 1128:1135 The phagocytic index (PI) of granulocytes for zymosan was 9.4 ± 1.7, which significantly differed with that for HK yeast and zymocel (P < 0.05). 28899775 9 59 theme mean 1775:1778 arg1 PI 1780:1781 a high mean PI 1768:1781 a high mean PI 1768:1781 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 7 60 theme 5 1321:1321 arg1 increments 1307:1316 increments 1307:1316 increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16) 1307:1349 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 10 61 theme receptors 1995:2003 arg1 recognition 1956:1966 the recognition 1952:1966 the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors 1952:2003 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 14 62 theme receptors 2714:2722 arg1 presence 2693:2700 the presence 2689:2700 the presence of β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis 2689:2739 Some of the granulocyte subtypes revealed a much stronger phagocytic ability, depending on the presence of β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis. 28899775 3 63 theme molecules 611:619 arg1 kinds 587:591 kinds 587:591 kinds of polysaccharide molecules 587:619 C. gigas hemocytes might phagocytose yeast cells after binding to polysaccharides on the cell-wall surface, but it is unknown how and what kinds of polysaccharide molecules are recognized. 28899775 11 64 theme granulocytes 2226:2237 arg1 cells 2197:2201 phagocytic cells 2186:2201 phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes 2186:2237 The percentage of phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes decreased significantly for zymosan and zymocel, but not for yeast. 28899775 4 65 theme surface 894:900 arg1 composition 864:874 the polysaccharide composition 845:874 the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface 845:900 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 14 66 theme granulocyte 2610:2620 arg1 subtypes 2622:2629 the granulocyte subtypes 2606:2629 the granulocyte subtypes 2606:2629 Some of the granulocyte subtypes revealed a much stronger phagocytic ability, depending on the presence of β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis. 28899775 10 67 theme C. gigas 2030:2037 arg1 hemocytes 2039:2047 C. gigas hemocytes 2030:2047 C. gigas hemocytes 2030:2047 To determine whether the phagocytosis of these respective particles depended on the recognition of specific polysaccharide receptors on the hemocyte surface, C. gigas hemocytes were pretreated with soluble α-mannan or β-laminarin and then allowed to phagocytose the three types of the particles. 28899775 4 68 theme hemocytes 725:733 arg1 ability 705:711 the phagocytic ability 690:711 the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 690:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 4 68 theme hemocytes 725:733 arg1 zymocel 785:791 zymocel 785:791 zymocel 785:791 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 4 68 theme hemocytes 725:733 arg1 zymosan 773:779 zymosan 773:779 zymosan 773:779 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 0 69 theme gigas 72:76 arg1 hemocytes 32:40 hemocytes 32:40 hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives 32:122 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 1 70 theme bivalve 138:144 arg1 mollusk 146:152 a marine bivalve mollusk 129:152 a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 129:193 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 9 71 theme hemocytes 1818:1826 arg1 ability 1802:1808 the ability 1798:1808 the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan 1798:1869 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 4 72 theme phagocytic 694:703 arg1 ability 705:711 the phagocytic ability 690:711 the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 690:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 14 73 theme phagocytic 2656:2665 arg1 ability 2667:2673 a much stronger phagocytic ability 2640:2673 a much stronger phagocytic ability 2640:2673 Some of the granulocyte subtypes revealed a much stronger phagocytic ability, depending on the presence of β-glucan receptors for phagocytosis. 28899775 12 74 contain possess 2349:2355 arg1 C. gigas 2334:2341 C. gigas 2334:2341 C. gigas 2334:2341 These results suggest that C. gigas might possess at least two types of hemocytes, and that one type of the hemocytes (granulocytes) is more active for phagocytosis. 28899775 12 74 contain possess 2349:2355 arg2 types 2370:2374 at least two types 2357:2374 at least two types of hemocytes 2357:2387 These results suggest that C. gigas might possess at least two types of hemocytes, and that one type of the hemocytes (granulocytes) is more active for phagocytosis. 28899775 11 75 theme cells 2197:2201 arg1 percentage 2172:2181 The percentage 2168:2181 The percentage of phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes 2168:2237 The percentage of phagocytic cells of β-laminarin-treated granulocytes decreased significantly for zymosan and zymocel, but not for yeast. 28899775 5 76 theme phagocytic 972:981 arg1 ability 983:989 strong phagocytic ability 965:989 strong phagocytic ability 965:989 We found that both the agranulocytes and granulocytes exerted strong phagocytic ability on all tested particles. 28899775 9 77 theme larger 1845:1850 arg1 portion 1852:1858 a larger portion 1843:1858 a larger portion of zymosan 1843:1869 These findings indicate that the relatively high PI for zymosan could not be attributed to a situation wherein all phagocytic hemocytes shared a high mean PI, but rather to the ability of some hemocytes to phagocytose a larger portion of zymosan. 28899775 0 78 theme phagocytic 7:16 arg1 properties 18:27 Unique phagocytic properties 0:27 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 0:123 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 0 79 dep yeast 86:90 arg1 derivatives 112:122 cell-wall derivatives 102:122 cell-wall derivatives 102:122 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 7 80 theme higher 1267:1272 arg1 PI 1274:1275 the much higher PI 1258:1275 the much higher PI 1258:1275 To evaluate the PI for the three types of particles, and especially to understand the outcome of the much higher PI for zymosan, PI was gauged in increments of 5 (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and ≥16), and the phagocytic frequencies were compared according to these increments. 28899775 2 81 theme product 431:437 arg1 zymosan 439:445 its cell-wall product zymosan 417:445 its cell-wall product zymosan 417:445 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 4 82 theme heat-killed 743:753 arg1 yeast 765:769 heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 743:770 heat-killed yeast (HK yeast) 743:770 We conducted experiments to determine differences in the phagocytic ability of C. gigas hemocytes against heat-killed yeast (HK yeast), zymosan and zymocel, which are similarly sized and shaped but differ in the polysaccharide composition of their particle surface. 28899775 1 83 theme defense 291:297 arg1 mechanisms 299:308 host defense mechanisms 286:308 host defense mechanisms 286:308 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 3 84 theme C. gigas 448:455 arg1 hemocytes 457:465 C. gigas hemocytes 448:465 C. gigas hemocytes 448:465 C. gigas hemocytes might phagocytose yeast cells after binding to polysaccharides on the cell-wall surface, but it is unknown how and what kinds of polysaccharide molecules are recognized. 28899775 0 85 theme oyster 53:58 arg1 gigas 72:76 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas 45:76 Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives 45:122 Unique phagocytic properties of hemocytes of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas against yeast and yeast cell-wall derivatives. 28899775 8 86 theme ≥16 1472:1474 arg1 PI 1466:1467 a markedly high PI 1450:1467 a markedly high PI of ≥16 1450:1474 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 13 87 contain have 2504:2507 arg2 subtypes 2518:2525 multiple subtypes 2509:2525 multiple subtypes 2509:2525 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 13 87 contain have 2504:2507 arg1 granulocytes 2477:2488 The granulocytes 2473:2488 The granulocytes 2473:2488 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 13 88 theme phagocytic 2576:2585 arg1 receptors 2587:2595 multiple phagocytic receptors 2567:2595 multiple phagocytic receptors 2567:2595 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 12 89 theme hemocytes 2379:2387 arg1 types 2370:2374 at least two types 2357:2374 at least two types of hemocytes 2357:2387 These results suggest that C. gigas might possess at least two types of hemocytes, and that one type of the hemocytes (granulocytes) is more active for phagocytosis. 28899775 3 90 theme yeast 485:489 arg1 cells 491:495 yeast cells 485:495 yeast cells 485:495 C. gigas hemocytes might phagocytose yeast cells after binding to polysaccharides on the cell-wall surface, but it is unknown how and what kinds of polysaccharide molecules are recognized. 28899775 8 91 theme higher 1542:1547 arg1 zymosan 1519:1525 zymosan 1519:1525 zymosan 1519:1525 The results show that a markedly high PI of ≥16 was exhibited by 18.1% of granulocytes for zymosan, significantly higher than 1.7% and 3.9% shown for HK yeast and zymocel, respectively (P < 0.05). 28899775 1 92 theme particles 223:231 arg1 elimination 200:210 the elimination 196:210 the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis 196:257 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 28899775 5 93 theme tested 998:1003 arg1 particles 1005:1013 all tested particles 994:1013 all tested particles 994:1013 We found that both the agranulocytes and granulocytes exerted strong phagocytic ability on all tested particles. 28899775 2 94 dep yeast 380:384 arg1 cerevisiae 401:410 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 387:410 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 387:410 The hemocytes of C. gigas have a high phagocytic ability for baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its cell-wall product zymosan. 28899775 13 95 theme phagocytic 2542:2551 arg1 abilities 2553:2561 different phagocytic abilities 2532:2561 different phagocytic abilities 2532:2561 The granulocytes were found to have multiple subtypes with different phagocytic abilities and multiple phagocytic receptors. 28899775 1 96 theme hemocyte 237:244 arg1 phagocytosis 246:257 hemocyte phagocytosis 237:257 hemocyte phagocytosis 237:257 For a marine bivalve mollusk such as Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, the elimination of foreign particles via hemocyte phagocytosis plays an important role in host defense mechanisms. 24702926 7 0 theme spleen 994:999 arg1 proliferation 1006:1018 the spleen cell proliferation 990:1018 the spleen cell proliferation 990:1018 Immunological assay results demonstrated that BSPF2 significantly induced the spleen cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 24702926 6 1 theme mannosyl 897:904 arg1 residues 906:913 mannosyl residues 897:913 mannosyl residues 897:913 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 1 2 theme molecular 135:143 arg1 weight 145:150 a molecular weight 133:150 a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da 133:168 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 7 3 theme cell 1001:1004 arg1 proliferation 1006:1018 the spleen cell proliferation 990:1018 the spleen cell proliferation 990:1018 Immunological assay results demonstrated that BSPF2 significantly induced the spleen cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 24702926 2 4 theme molar 271:275 arg1 ratio 277:281 a molar ratio 269:281 a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0 269:296 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 0 5 from Structure 0:8 arg1 striata 78:84 Bletilla striata 69:84 Bletilla striata 69:84 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 5 6 dep residues 692:699 arg1 1→4 671:673 1→4 671:673 1→4 671:673 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 5 7 link -linked 710:716 arg1 residues 727:734 (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues 705:734 (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues 705:734 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 3 8 from 6 403:403 arg1 located 376:382 located 376:382 located 376:382 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 4 9 theme analysis 598:605 arg1 combination 472:482 a combination 470:482 a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis 470:605 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 1 10 theme Bletilla 203:210 arg1 striata 212:218 Bletilla striata 203:218 Bletilla striata 203:218 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 5 11 theme -linked 710:716 arg1 residues 727:734 (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues 705:734 (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues 705:734 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 3 12 theme mannosyl 408:415 arg1 residues 417:424 mannosyl residues 408:424 mannosyl residues 408:424 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 5 13 theme molar 741:745 arg1 ratio 747:751 a molar ratio 739:751 a molar ratio of 2:1 739:758 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 4 14 theme hydrolysis 558:567 arg1 combination 472:482 a combination 470:482 a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis 470:605 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 3 15 theme BSPF2 321:325 arg1 % 350:350 2.9% 347:350 2.9% 347:350 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 15 theme BSPF2 321:325 arg1 content 310:316 The acetyl content 299:316 The acetyl content of BSPF2 299:325 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 5 16 from residues 692:699 arg1 ratio 747:751 a molar ratio 739:751 a molar ratio of 2:1 739:758 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 3 17 theme residues 417:424 arg1 positions 387:395 positions 3 and 6 387:403 positions 387:395 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 4 18 theme acid 553:556 arg1 hydrolysis 558:567 partial acid hydrolysis 545:567 partial acid hydrolysis 545:567 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 1 19 with polysaccharide 93:106 arg1 weight 145:150 a molecular weight 133:150 a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da 133:168 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 3 20 from located 376:382 arg1 positions 387:395 positions 3 and 6 387:403 positions 387:395 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 20 from located 376:382 arg1 6 403:403 6 403:403 6 403:403 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 4 21 theme acetolysis 570:579 arg1 combination 472:482 a combination 470:482 a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis 470:605 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 1 22 theme striata 212:218 arg1 tubers 193:198 the tubers 189:198 the tubers of Bletilla striata 189:218 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 7 23 theme Immunological 916:928 arg1 results 936:942 Immunological assay results 916:942 Immunological assay results 916:942 Immunological assay results demonstrated that BSPF2 significantly induced the spleen cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 24702926 1 24 theme new 89:91 arg1 polysaccharide 93:106 A new polysaccharide 87:106 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2) 87:125 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 1 24 theme new 89:91 arg1 BSPF2 120:124 designated BSPF2 109:124 designated BSPF2 109:124 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 5 25 theme glucosyl 718:725 arg1 residues 727:734 (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues 705:734 (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues 705:734 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 4 26 theme structural 431:440 arg1 features 442:449 The structural features 427:449 The structural features 427:449 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 7 27 theme assay 930:934 arg1 results 936:942 Immunological assay results 916:942 Immunological assay results 916:942 Immunological assay results demonstrated that BSPF2 significantly induced the spleen cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 24702926 3 28 from positions 387:395 arg1 located 376:382 located 376:382 located 376:382 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 6 29 theme terminal 856:863 arg1 residues 871:878 the terminal sugar residues 852:878 the terminal sugar residues 852:878 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 30 theme acetyl 357:362 arg1 groups 364:369 acetyl groups 357:369 acetyl groups 357:369 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 0 31 theme immunobiological 14:29 arg1 activity 31:38 immunobiological activity 14:38 immunobiological activity 14:38 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 4 32 theme methylation 586:596 arg1 analysis 598:605 methylation analysis 586:605 methylation analysis 586:605 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 4 33 theme periodate 524:532 arg1 oxidation 534:542 periodate oxidation 524:542 periodate oxidation 524:542 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 2 34 contain contained 224:232 arg2 galactose 256:264 galactose 256:264 galactose 256:264 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 2 34 contain contained 224:232 arg2 It 221:222 It 221:222 It 221:222 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 2 34 contain contained 224:232 arg1 ratio 277:281 a molar ratio 269:281 a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0 269:296 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 2 34 contain contained 224:232 arg2 mannose 234:240 mannose 234:240 mannose 234:240 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 2 34 contain contained 224:232 arg1 It 221:222 It 221:222 It 221:222 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 2 34 contain contained 224:232 arg2 glucose 243:249 glucose 243:249 glucose 243:249 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 0 35 from striata 78:84 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 0 35 from striata 78:84 arg1 activity 31:38 immunobiological activity 14:38 immunobiological activity 14:38 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 0 35 from striata 78:84 arg1 polysaccharide 49:62 a new polysaccharide 43:62 a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata 43:84 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 5 36 link -linked 675:681 arg1 residues 692:699 (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues 670:699 (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues 670:699 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 4 37 theme partial 545:551 arg1 hydrolysis 558:567 partial acid hydrolysis 545:567 partial acid hydrolysis 545:567 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 5 38 theme BSPF2 651:655 arg1 backbone 639:646 the backbone 635:646 the backbone of BSPF2 635:655 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 7 39 theme dose-dependent 1025:1038 arg1 manner 1040:1045 a dose-dependent manner 1023:1045 a dose-dependent manner 1023:1045 Immunological assay results demonstrated that BSPF2 significantly induced the spleen cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. 24702926 1 40 dep 10 162:163 arg1 5 165:165 5 165:165 5 165:165 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 1 41 theme Da 167:168 arg1 weight 145:150 a molecular weight 133:150 a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da 133:168 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 0 42 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure 0:8 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 0 42 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 activity 31:38 immunobiological activity 14:38 immunobiological activity 14:38 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 5 43 theme mannosyl 683:690 arg1 residues 692:699 (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues 670:699 (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues 670:699 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 5 44 from residues 727:734 arg1 ratio 747:751 a molar ratio 739:751 a molar ratio of 2:1 739:758 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 1 45 theme designated 109:118 arg1 polysaccharide 93:106 A new polysaccharide 87:106 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2) 87:125 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 1 45 theme designated 109:118 arg1 BSPF2 120:124 designated BSPF2 109:124 designated BSPF2 109:124 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 0 46 theme new 45:47 arg1 polysaccharide 49:62 a new polysaccharide 43:62 a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata 43:84 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 6 47 theme glucosyl 783:790 arg1 residues 792:799 glucosyl residues 783:799 glucosyl residues 783:799 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 1 48 attach isolated 175:182 arg1 tubers 193:198 the tubers 189:198 the tubers of Bletilla striata 189:218 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 1 48 attach isolated 175:182 arg2 polysaccharide 93:106 A new polysaccharide 87:106 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2) 87:125 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 1 48 attach isolated 175:182 arg2 BSPF2 120:124 designated BSPF2 109:124 designated BSPF2 109:124 A new polysaccharide (designated BSPF2), with a molecular weight of 2.35 × 10(5)Da, was isolated from the tubers of Bletilla striata. 24702926 6 49 theme residues 792:799 arg1 fifths 773:778 About three fifths 761:778 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone 761:815 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 6 50 from fifths 773:778 arg1 backbone 808:815 the backbone 804:815 the backbone 804:815 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 4 51 theme composition 502:512 arg1 analysis 514:521 monosaccharide composition analysis 487:521 monosaccharide composition analysis 487:521 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 5 52 dep residues 727:734 arg1 1→4 706:708 1→4 706:708 1→4 706:708 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 5 53 theme 2:1 756:758 arg1 ratio 747:751 a molar ratio 739:751 a molar ratio of 2:1 739:758 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 4 54 theme monosaccharide 487:500 arg1 analysis 514:521 monosaccharide composition analysis 487:521 monosaccharide composition analysis 487:521 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 0 55 theme Bletilla 69:76 arg1 striata 78:84 Bletilla striata 69:84 Bletilla striata 69:84 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 4 56 theme oxidation 534:542 arg1 combination 472:482 a combination 470:482 a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis 470:605 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24702926 2 57 theme 9.4:2.6:1.0 286:296 arg1 ratio 277:281 a molar ratio 269:281 a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0 269:296 It contained mannose, glucose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 9.4:2.6:1.0. 24702926 6 58 theme sugar 865:869 arg1 residues 871:878 the terminal sugar residues 852:878 the terminal sugar residues 852:878 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 5 59 theme -linked 675:681 arg1 residues 692:699 (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues 670:699 (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues 670:699 The results indicated that the backbone of BSPF2 consisted of (1→4)-linked mannosyl residues and (1→4)-linked glucosyl residues in a molar ratio of 2:1. 24702926 0 60 from activity 31:38 arg1 striata 78:84 Bletilla striata 69:84 Bletilla striata 69:84 Structure and immunobiological activity of a new polysaccharide from Bletilla striata. 24702926 6 61 theme O-6 834:836 arg1 position 838:845 O-6 position 834:845 O-6 position 834:845 About three fifths of glucosyl residues in the backbone were branched at O-6 position, and the terminal sugar residues were composed of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 62 located located 376:382 arg2 groups 364:369 acetyl groups 357:369 acetyl groups 357:369 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 62 located located 376:382 arg1 positions 387:395 positions 3 and 6 387:403 positions 387:395 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 62 located located 376:382 arg1 6 403:403 6 403:403 6 403:403 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 63 theme acetyl 303:308 arg1 % 350:350 2.9% 347:350 2.9% 347:350 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 3 63 theme acetyl 303:308 arg1 content 310:316 The acetyl content 299:316 The acetyl content of BSPF2 299:325 The acetyl content of BSPF2 was estimated to be 2.9%, and acetyl groups were located in positions 3 and 6 of mannosyl residues. 24702926 4 64 theme analysis 514:521 arg1 combination 472:482 a combination 470:482 a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis 470:605 The structural features were elucidated by a combination of monosaccharide composition analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methylation analysis. 24122880 4 0 theme glucose 970:976 arg1 residues 990:997 and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues 678:997 and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery 678:1024 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 1 from rhamnose 576:583 arg1 arabinose 1094:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 2 from glucose 495:501 arg1 arabinose 1094:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 3 theme higher 703:708 arg1 content 710:716 a higher content 701:716 a higher content 701:716 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 4 dep residues 514:521 arg1 cellulose 529:537 cellulose 529:537 cellulose 529:537 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 4 dep residues 514:521 arg1 xyloglucans 543:553 xyloglucans 543:553 xyloglucans 543:553 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 5 from content 710:716 arg1 periphery 796:804 the cotyledon periphery 782:804 the cotyledon periphery 782:804 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 6 theme seed 646:649 arg1 coat 651:654 a more flexible seed coat 630:654 a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion 630:1076 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 7 from fractions 769:777 arg1 periphery 796:804 the cotyledon periphery 782:804 the cotyledon periphery 782:804 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 2 8 dep Parts 164:168 arg1 Parts 164:168 BACKGROUND Parts I and II 153:177 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers 153:202 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 8 dep Parts 164:168 arg1 II 176:177 II 176:177 II 176:177 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 8 dep Parts 164:168 arg1 I 170:170 I 170:170 I 170:170 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 4 9 theme glucuronan 927:936 arg1 structures 947:956 glucuronan backbone structures 927:956 glucuronan backbone structures 927:956 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 10 theme lower 489:493 arg1 residues 1116:1123 : (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues 483:1123 : (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery 483:1150 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 11 theme polysaccharide 827:840 arg1 mechanism 842:850 a pectic polysaccharide mechanism 818:850 a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures 818:956 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 6 12 theme polysaccharide 1461:1474 arg1 binding 1476:1482 pectic polysaccharide binding 1454:1482 pectic polysaccharide binding 1454:1482 Seed coat strength and flexibility, pectic polysaccharide binding, lectins and arabinogalactan-proteins have been implicated. 24122880 2 13 theme chemical 272:279 arg1 compositions 281:292 the chemical compositions 268:292 the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions 268:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 4 14 dep content 710:716 arg1 2 698:698 2 698:698 2 698:698 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 14 dep content 710:716 arg1 supporting 807:816 supporting 807:816 supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures 807:956 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 2 15 theme BACKGROUND 153:162 arg1 Parts 164:168 BACKGROUND Parts I and II 153:177 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers 153:202 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 15 theme BACKGROUND 153:162 arg1 II 176:177 II 176:177 II 176:177 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 15 theme BACKGROUND 153:162 arg1 I 170:170 I 170:170 I 170:170 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 4 16 theme pectic 820:825 arg1 mechanism 842:850 a pectic polysaccharide mechanism 818:850 a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures 818:956 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 17 theme higher 1087:1092 arg1 arabinose 1094:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 2 18 theme seed 316:319 arg1 fractions 321:329 different chickpea seed fractions 297:329 different chickpea seed fractions 297:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 4 19 from periphery 796:804 arg1 content 710:716 a higher content 701:716 a higher content 701:716 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 20 theme cotyledon 786:794 arg1 periphery 796:804 the cotyledon periphery 782:804 the cotyledon periphery 782:804 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 7 21 theme new 1654:1656 arg1 cultivars 1658:1666 new cultivars 1654:1666 new cultivars 1654:1666 Increased understanding in these mechanisms will allow breeding programmes to optimise milling performance in new cultivars. 24122880 4 22 from residues 514:521 arg1 arabinose 1094:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 23 theme backbone 938:945 arg1 structures 947:956 glucuronan backbone structures 927:956 glucuronan backbone structures 927:956 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 7 24 theme breeding 1599:1606 arg1 programmes 1608:1617 breeding programmes 1599:1617 breeding programmes 1599:1617 Increased understanding in these mechanisms will allow breeding programmes to optimise milling performance in new cultivars. 24122880 0 25 theme chickpea 48:55 arg1 genotypes 78:86 easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 20:86 easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 20:86 Differences between easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. 24122880 1 26 dep sugar 104:108 arg1 Part 89:92 Part III 89:96 Part III 89:96 Part III: free sugar and non-starch polysaccharide composition. 24122880 2 27 theme chickpea 307:314 arg1 fractions 321:329 different chickpea seed fractions 297:329 different chickpea seed fractions 297:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 6 28 theme coat 1423:1426 arg1 strength 1428:1435 Seed coat strength 1418:1435 Seed coat strength 1418:1435 Seed coat strength and flexibility, pectic polysaccharide binding, lectins and arabinogalactan-proteins have been implicated. 24122880 7 29 theme Increased 1544:1552 arg1 understanding 1554:1566 Increased understanding 1544:1566 Increased understanding in these mechanisms 1544:1586 Increased understanding in these mechanisms will allow breeding programmes to optimise milling performance in new cultivars. 24122880 5 30 theme milling 1399:1405 arg1 behaviour 1407:1415 milling behaviour 1399:1415 milling behaviour 1399:1415 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 2 31 theme different 297:305 arg1 fractions 321:329 different chickpea seed fractions 297:329 different chickpea seed fractions 297:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 3 32 theme sugar 423:427 arg1 residues 429:436 sugar residues 423:436 sugar residues 423:436 Non-starch polysaccharides were implicated; hence, this study examines the free sugars and sugar residues. 24122880 4 33 theme cotyledon 1006:1014 arg1 periphery 1016:1024 the cotyledon periphery 1002:1024 the cotyledon periphery 1002:1024 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 34 from residues 1116:1123 arg1 periphery 1142:1150 the cotyledon periphery 1128:1150 the cotyledon periphery 1128:1150 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 35 theme fractions 769:777 arg1 content 710:716 a higher content 701:716 a higher content 701:716 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 36 theme polysaccharide 754:767 arg1 fractions 769:777 soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions 721:777 fractions 769:777 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 0 37 theme easy- 20:24 arg1 genotypes 78:86 easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 20:86 easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 20:86 Differences between easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. 24122880 4 38 dep RESULTS 439:445 arg1 associated 468:477 associated 468:477 associated 468:477 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 39 theme Difficult 447:455 arg1 milling 457:463 Difficult milling 447:463 Difficult milling 447:463 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 40 dep decortication 682:694 arg1 content 710:716 a higher content 701:716 a higher content 701:716 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 41 theme flexible 637:644 arg1 coat 651:654 a more flexible seed coat 630:654 a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion 630:1076 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 3 42 theme free 407:410 arg1 sugars 412:417 the free sugars 403:417 the free sugars 403:417 Non-starch polysaccharides were implicated; hence, this study examines the free sugars and sugar residues. 24122880 4 43 from residues 990:997 arg1 periphery 1016:1024 the cotyledon periphery 1002:1024 the cotyledon periphery 1002:1024 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 44 theme uronic 589:594 arg1 acid 596:599 uronic acid 589:599 uronic acid 589:599 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 0 45 dep Cicer 58:62 arg1 L. 74:75 Cicer arietinum L. 58:75 Cicer arietinum L. 58:75 Differences between easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. 24122880 4 46 from acid 596:599 arg1 arabinose 1094:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 47 theme seed 608:611 arg1 coat 613:616 the seed coat 604:616 the seed coat 604:616 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 0 48 theme difficult-to-mill 30:46 arg1 genotypes 78:86 easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 20:86 easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes 20:86 Differences between easy- and difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes. 24122880 4 49 theme xylose 507:512 arg1 residues 514:521 xylose residues 507:521 xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) 507:554 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 50 theme higher 963:968 arg1 glucose 970:976 decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose 682:976 decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose 682:976 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 2 51 theme several 215:221 arg1 associations 223:234 several associations 215:234 several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions 215:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 5 52 theme seed 1359:1362 arg1 structure 1364:1372 seed structure 1359:1372 seed structure 1359:1372 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 7 53 from understanding 1554:1566 arg1 mechanisms 1577:1586 these mechanisms 1571:1586 these mechanisms 1571:1586 Increased understanding in these mechanisms will allow breeding programmes to optimise milling performance in new cultivars. 24122880 4 54 theme mannose 982:988 arg1 residues 990:997 and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues 678:997 and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery 678:1024 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 55 from arabinose 565:573 arg1 arabinose 1094:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose 604:1102 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 5 56 dep CONCLUSION 1212:1221 arg1 shown 1239:1243 shown 1239:1243 has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour 1235:1415 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 4 57 theme cotyledon 1132:1140 arg1 periphery 1142:1150 the cotyledon periphery 1128:1150 the cotyledon periphery 1128:1150 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 1 58 theme free 99:102 arg1 sugar 104:108 free sugar 99:108 free sugar 99:108 Part III: free sugar and non-starch polysaccharide composition. 24122880 5 59 with consistent 1314:1323 arg1 explanations 1339:1350 physical explanations 1330:1350 physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour 1330:1415 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 2 60 theme papers 197:202 arg1 series 187:192 this series 182:192 this series of papers 182:202 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 7 61 from performance 1639:1649 arg1 cultivars 1658:1666 new cultivars 1654:1666 new cultivars 1654:1666 Increased understanding in these mechanisms will allow breeding programmes to optimise milling performance in new cultivars. 24122880 5 62 theme chemical 1254:1261 arg1 composition 1263:1273 the chemical composition 1250:1273 the chemical composition of chickpea 1250:1285 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 7 63 theme milling 1631:1637 arg1 performance 1639:1649 milling performance 1631:1649 milling performance in new cultivars 1631:1666 Increased understanding in these mechanisms will allow breeding programmes to optimise milling performance in new cultivars. 24122880 2 64 theme series 187:192 arg1 Parts 164:168 BACKGROUND Parts I and II 153:177 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers 153:202 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 64 theme series 187:192 arg1 II 176:177 II 176:177 II 176:177 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 64 theme series 187:192 arg1 I 170:170 I 170:170 I 170:170 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 4 65 theme soluble 721:727 arg1 fractions 769:777 soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions 721:777 fractions 769:777 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 66 theme non-starch 743:752 arg1 fractions 769:777 soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions 721:777 fractions 769:777 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 2 67 theme fractions 321:329 arg1 ease 248:251 the ease 244:251 the ease of milling 244:262 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 67 theme fractions 321:329 arg1 compositions 281:292 the chemical compositions 268:292 the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions 268:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 4 68 theme lectin-mediated 1040:1054 arg1 mechanism 1056:1064 a lectin-mediated mechanism 1038:1064 a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion 1038:1076 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 2 69 theme milling 256:262 arg1 ease 248:251 the ease 244:251 the ease of milling 244:262 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 2 69 theme milling 256:262 arg1 compositions 281:292 the chemical compositions 268:292 the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions 268:329 BACKGROUND Parts I and II of this series of papers identified several associations between the ease of milling and the chemical compositions of different chickpea seed fractions. 24122880 5 70 theme physical 1330:1337 arg1 explanations 1339:1350 physical explanations 1330:1350 physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour 1330:1415 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 1 71 theme non-starch 114:123 arg1 composition 140:150 non-starch polysaccharide composition 114:150 non-starch polysaccharide composition 114:150 Part III: free sugar and non-starch polysaccharide composition. 24122880 4 72 theme adhesion 1069:1076 arg1 mechanism 1056:1064 a lectin-mediated mechanism 1038:1064 a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion 1038:1076 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 6 73 theme Seed 1418:1421 arg1 strength 1428:1435 Seed coat strength 1418:1435 Seed coat strength 1418:1435 Seed coat strength and flexibility, pectic polysaccharide binding, lectins and arabinogalactan-proteins have been implicated. 24122880 4 74 theme insoluble 733:741 arg1 fractions 769:777 soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions 721:777 fractions 769:777 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 75 theme glucose 1108:1114 arg1 residues 1116:1123 : (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues 483:1123 : (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery 483:1150 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 1 76 theme polysaccharide 125:138 arg1 composition 140:150 non-starch polysaccharide composition 114:150 non-starch polysaccharide composition 114:150 Part III: free sugar and non-starch polysaccharide composition. 24122880 5 77 theme chickpea 1278:1285 arg1 composition 1263:1273 the chemical composition 1250:1273 the chemical composition of chickpea 1250:1285 CONCLUSION This series has shown that the chemical composition of chickpea does vary in ways that are consistent with physical explanations of how seed structure and properties relate to milling behaviour. 24122880 4 78 theme more 560:563 arg1 arabinose 565:573 more arabinose 560:573 more arabinose 560:573 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 3 79 theme Non-starch 332:341 arg1 polysaccharides 343:357 Non-starch polysaccharides 332:357 Non-starch polysaccharides 332:357 Non-starch polysaccharides were implicated; hence, this study examines the free sugars and sugar residues. 24122880 4 80 dep coat 613:616 arg1 4 1084:1084 4 1084:1084 4 1084:1084 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 80 dep coat 613:616 arg1 suggesting 619:628 suggesting 619:628 suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion 619:1076 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 6 81 theme pectic 1454:1459 arg1 polysaccharide 1461:1474 pectic polysaccharide 1454:1474 pectic polysaccharide binding 1454:1482 Seed coat strength and flexibility, pectic polysaccharide binding, lectins and arabinogalactan-proteins have been implicated. 24122880 4 82 dep lower 489:493 arg1 acid 596:599 uronic acid 589:599 uronic acid 589:599 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 82 dep lower 489:493 arg1 arabinose 565:573 more arabinose 560:573 more arabinose 560:573 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 82 dep lower 489:493 arg1 glucose 495:501 glucose 495:501 glucose 495:501 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 82 dep lower 489:493 arg1 rhamnose 576:583 rhamnose 576:583 rhamnose 576:583 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 82 dep lower 489:493 arg1 residues 514:521 xylose residues 507:521 xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) 507:554 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24122880 4 82 dep lower 489:493 arg1 1 486:486 1 486:486 1 486:486 RESULTS Difficult milling is associated with: (1) lower glucose and xylose residues (less cellulose and xyloglucans) and more arabinose, rhamnose and uronic acid in the seed coat, suggesting a more flexible seed coat that resists cracking and decortication; (2) a higher content of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide fractions in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a pectic polysaccharide mechanism comprising arabinogalacturonan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalalcturonan, and glucuronan backbone structures; (3) higher glucose and mannose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a lectin-mediated mechanism of adhesion; and (4) higher arabinose and glucose residues in the cotyledon periphery, supporting a mechanism involving arabinogalactan-proteins. 24702911 6 0 from EPS 827:829 arg1 study 839:843 this study 834:843 this study 834:843 The degradation temperature was 351.84°C and showed that the EPS in this study had a high thermal stability. 24702911 4 1 from EPS 507:509 arg1 mg/mL 531:535 concentration 18 mg/mL 514:535 concentration 18 mg/mL 514:535 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 7 2 located observed 916:923 arg2 bands 905:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands 875:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands 875:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands were observed in the infrared spectrum. 24702911 7 2 located observed 916:923 arg1 spectrum 941:948 the infrared spectrum 928:948 the infrared spectrum 928:948 Characteristic polysaccharide bands were observed in the infrared spectrum. 24702911 3 3 from soymilk 494:500 arg1 fermentation 462:473 the fermentation 458:473 the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk 458:500 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 4 4 theme 0.204 565:569 arg1 activity 553:560 water activity 547:560 water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 547:581 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 7 5 theme Characteristic 875:888 arg1 bands 905:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands 875:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands 875:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands were observed in the infrared spectrum. 24702911 2 6 theme food 262:265 arg1 processing 267:276 food processing 262:276 food processing 262:276 Exopolysaccharides can be used in food processing as a thickener and/or stabiliser. 24702911 3 7 theme kefir 478:482 arg1 grains 484:489 kefir grains 478:489 kefir grains in soymilk 478:500 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 5 8 theme thermogravimetric 669:685 arg1 curve 687:691 The thermogravimetric curve 665:691 The thermogravimetric curve obtained 665:700 The thermogravimetric curve obtained was similar to those reported in the literature for other EPSs. 24702911 5 8 theme thermogravimetric 669:685 arg1 similar 706:712 similar 706:712 similar 706:712 The thermogravimetric curve obtained was similar to those reported in the literature for other EPSs. 24702911 8 9 theme electrospray 1000:1011 arg1 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 8 9 theme electrospray 1000:1011 arg1 spectrometry 1029:1040 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1000:1040 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) 1000:1052 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 7 10 theme polysaccharide 890:903 arg1 bands 905:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands 875:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands 875:909 Characteristic polysaccharide bands were observed in the infrared spectrum. 24702911 6 11 contain had 845:847 arg1 EPS 827:829 the EPS 823:829 the EPS in this study 823:843 The degradation temperature was 351.84°C and showed that the EPS in this study had a high thermal stability. 24702911 6 11 contain had 845:847 arg2 stability 864:872 a high thermal stability 849:872 a high thermal stability 849:872 The degradation temperature was 351.84°C and showed that the EPS in this study had a high thermal stability. 24702911 1 12 theme recent 160:165 arg1 decades 167:173 recent decades 160:173 recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry 160:225 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely studied in recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry. 24702911 4 13 theme pH=6.20 575:581 arg1 activity 553:560 water activity 547:560 water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 547:581 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 3 14 theme EPS 440:442 arg1 properties 364:373 the physicochemical properties 344:373 the physicochemical properties 344:373 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 3 14 theme EPS 440:442 arg1 behaviour 384:392 thermal behaviour 376:392 thermal behaviour 376:392 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 3 14 theme EPS 440:442 arg1 composition 409:419 structural composition 398:419 structural composition 398:419 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 8 15 theme mass 1024:1027 arg1 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 8 15 theme mass 1024:1027 arg1 spectrometry 1029:1040 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1000:1040 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) 1000:1052 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 1 16 theme due 175:177 arg1 decades 167:173 recent decades 160:173 recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry 160:225 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely studied in recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry. 24702911 3 17 theme thermal 376:382 arg1 behaviour 384:392 thermal behaviour 376:392 thermal behaviour 376:392 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 4 18 theme water 547:551 arg1 activity 553:560 water activity 547:560 water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 547:581 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 8 19 theme ionisation 1013:1022 arg1 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 LC-ESI-MS 1043:1051 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 8 19 theme ionisation 1013:1022 arg1 spectrometry 1029:1040 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry 1000:1040 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) 1000:1052 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 3 20 from grains 484:489 arg1 soymilk 494:500 soymilk 494:500 soymilk 494:500 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 3 21 theme physicochemical 348:362 arg1 properties 364:373 the physicochemical properties 344:373 the physicochemical properties 344:373 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 1 22 theme Microbial 96:104 arg1 EPSs 126:129 EPSs 126:129 EPSs 126:129 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely studied in recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry. 24702911 1 22 theme Microbial 96:104 arg1 exopolysaccharides 106:123 Microbial exopolysaccharides 96:123 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) 96:130 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely studied in recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry. 24702911 7 23 theme infrared 932:939 arg1 spectrum 941:948 the infrared spectrum 928:948 the infrared spectrum 928:948 Characteristic polysaccharide bands were observed in the infrared spectrum. 24702911 3 24 theme structural 398:407 arg1 composition 409:419 structural composition 398:419 structural composition 398:419 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 4 25 theme % 624:624 arg1 content 608:614 sugars content 601:614 sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) 601:630 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 4 25 theme % 624:624 arg1 content 644:650 protein content 636:650 protein content of 2% (v/v) 636:662 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 0 26 theme exopolysaccharide 26:42 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of a new exopolysaccharide 0:42 Characterisation of a new exopolysaccharide obtained from of fermented kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 4 27 theme concentration 514:526 arg1 mg/mL 531:535 concentration 18 mg/mL 514:535 concentration 18 mg/mL 514:535 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 0 28 theme new 22:24 arg1 exopolysaccharide 26:42 a new exopolysaccharide 20:42 a new exopolysaccharide 20:42 Characterisation of a new exopolysaccharide obtained from of fermented kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 5 29 theme other 754:758 arg1 EPSs 760:763 other EPSs 754:763 other EPSs 754:763 The thermogravimetric curve obtained was similar to those reported in the literature for other EPSs. 24702911 3 30 theme lyophilised 428:438 arg1 EPS 440:442 the lyophilised EPS 424:442 the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk 424:500 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 3 31 theme grains 484:489 arg1 fermentation 462:473 the fermentation 458:473 the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk 458:500 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 6 32 theme thermal 856:862 arg1 stability 864:872 a high thermal stability 849:872 a high thermal stability 849:872 The degradation temperature was 351.84°C and showed that the EPS in this study had a high thermal stability. 24702911 8 33 theme liquid 967:972 arg1 chromatography 974:987 liquid chromatography 967:987 liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) 967:1052 The analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) showed that the EPS is only composed of glucose. 24702911 4 34 theme % 656:656 arg1 content 608:614 sugars content 601:614 sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) 601:630 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 4 34 theme % 656:656 arg1 content 644:650 protein content 636:650 protein content of 2% (v/v) 636:662 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 6 35 theme high 851:854 arg1 stability 864:872 a high thermal stability 849:872 a high thermal stability 849:872 The degradation temperature was 351.84°C and showed that the EPS in this study had a high thermal stability. 24702911 6 36 theme degradation 770:780 arg1 temperature 782:792 The degradation temperature 766:792 The degradation temperature 766:792 The degradation temperature was 351.84°C and showed that the EPS in this study had a high thermal stability. 24702911 3 37 from fermentation 462:473 arg1 soymilk 494:500 soymilk 494:500 soymilk 494:500 This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties, thermal behaviour and structural composition of the lyophilised EPS obtained from the fermentation of kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 2 38 dep thickener 283:291 arg1 a 281:281 a 281:281 a 281:281 Exopolysaccharides can be used in food processing as a thickener and/or stabiliser. 24702911 0 39 theme kefir 71:75 arg1 grains 77:82 fermented kefir grains 61:82 fermented kefir grains 61:82 Characterisation of a new exopolysaccharide obtained from of fermented kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 4 40 theme sugars 601:606 arg1 content 608:614 sugars content 601:614 sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) 601:630 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 1 41 theme food 213:216 arg1 industry 218:225 the food industry 209:225 the food industry 209:225 Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely studied in recent decades due to similarity to gums used in the food industry. 24702911 0 42 theme fermented 61:69 arg1 grains 77:82 fermented kefir grains 61:82 fermented kefir grains 61:82 Characterisation of a new exopolysaccharide obtained from of fermented kefir grains in soymilk. 24702911 4 43 theme protein 636:642 arg1 content 644:650 protein content 636:650 protein content of 2% (v/v) 636:662 The EPS in concentration 18 mg/mL exhibited water activity of 0.204 and pH=6.20 at 25°C, reducing sugars content of 22.10% (v/v) and protein content of 2% (v/v). 24702911 2 44 used used 254:257 arg2 stabiliser 300:309 stabiliser 300:309 stabiliser 300:309 Exopolysaccharides can be used in food processing as a thickener and/or stabiliser. 24702911 2 44 used used 254:257 arg2 Exopolysaccharides 228:245 Exopolysaccharides 228:245 Exopolysaccharides 228:245 Exopolysaccharides can be used in food processing as a thickener and/or stabiliser. 24702911 2 44 used used 254:257 arg2 thickener 283:291 thickener 283:291 thickener 283:291 Exopolysaccharides can be used in food processing as a thickener and/or stabiliser. 29965588 2 0 theme loading 492:498 arg1 rate 500:503 ①Lower organic loading rate 477:503 ①Lower organic loading rate 477:503 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 5 1 theme substrate 1062:1070 arg1 rate 1102:1105 1:4[organic loading rate 1082:1105 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g· 1082:1116 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 1 theme substrate 1062:1070 arg1 ratio 1072:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 3 2 theme g· 751:752 arg1 rate 738:741 1:1[organic loading rate 718:741 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g· 718:752 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 3 2 theme g· 751:752 arg1 inoculum 686:693 the inoculum 682:693 the inoculum to substrate ratio 682:712 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 1 3 from effects 179:185 arg1 performance 218:228 the performance 214:228 the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues 214:273 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 0 4 theme Digestion 69:77 arg1 Performance 44:54 Startup Performance 36:54 Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues 36:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 5 5 theme acetate 1167:1173 arg1 generation 1153:1162 the simultaneous generation 1136:1162 the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids 1136:1190 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 1 6 theme vinegar 258:264 arg1 residues 266:273 vinegar residues 258:273 vinegar residues 258:273 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 0 7 from [Effects 0:7 arg1 Performance 44:54 Startup Performance 36:54 Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues 36:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 2 8 theme methane 657:663 arg1 production 665:674 methane production 657:674 methane production 657:674 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 3 9 theme methane 787:793 arg1 production 795:804 the cumulative methane production 772:804 the cumulative methane production 772:804 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 3 9 theme methane 787:793 arg1 highest 814:820 highest 814:820 highest 814:820 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 0 10 theme Vinegar 84:90 arg1 Residues 92:99 Vinegar Residues 84:99 Vinegar Residues 84:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 5 11 dep rate 1102:1105 arg1 L·d 1118:1120 L·d 1118:1120 L·d 1118:1120 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 3 12 theme loading 730:736 arg1 rate 738:741 1:1[organic loading rate 718:741 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g· 718:752 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 3 12 theme loading 730:736 arg1 inoculum 686:693 the inoculum 682:693 the inoculum to substrate ratio 682:712 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 4 13 theme organic 944:950 arg1 rate 960:963 the organic loading rate 940:963 the organic loading rate 940:963 The VFAs content increased with the increase of the organic loading rate, leading to the suppression and further the stop of methane production. 29965588 3 14 theme digesters 870:878 arg1 stable 884:889 stable 884:889 stable 884:889 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 3 14 theme digesters 870:878 arg1 performance 851:861 the performance 847:861 the performance of the digesters 847:878 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 4 15 theme rate 960:963 arg1 increase 928:935 the increase 924:935 the increase of the organic loading rate 924:963 The VFAs content increased with the increase of the organic loading rate, leading to the suppression and further the stop of methane production. 29965588 3 16 theme 1:1[organic 718:728 arg1 rate 738:741 1:1[organic loading rate 718:741 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g· 718:752 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 3 16 theme 1:1[organic 718:728 arg1 inoculum 686:693 the inoculum 682:693 the inoculum to substrate ratio 682:712 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 4 17 theme loading 952:958 arg1 rate 960:963 the organic loading rate 940:963 the organic loading rate 940:963 The VFAs content increased with the increase of the organic loading rate, leading to the suppression and further the stop of methane production. 29965588 3 18 theme cumulative 776:785 arg1 production 795:804 the cumulative methane production 772:804 the cumulative methane production 772:804 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 3 18 theme cumulative 776:785 arg1 highest 814:820 highest 814:820 highest 814:820 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 6 19 theme amorphous 1355:1363 arg1 substances 1365:1374 amorphous substances 1355:1374 amorphous substances 1355:1374 ② As vinegar residues were short-range ordered with microcrystalline structure or mainly contained amorphous substances, they were more biodegradable than feedstocks such as corn stalk. 29965588 2 20 theme organic 484:490 arg1 rate 500:503 ①Lower organic loading rate 477:503 ①Lower organic loading rate 477:503 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 21 theme matters 620:626 arg1 acidification 595:607 acidification 595:607 acidification 595:607 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 21 theme matters 620:626 arg1 hydrolysis 580:589 hydrolysis 580:589 hydrolysis 580:589 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 22 theme X-ray 387:391 arg1 Diffraction 393:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 22 theme X-ray 387:391 arg1 comparisons 293:303 the comparisons 289:303 the comparisons 289:303 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 5 23 dep ratio 1072:1076 arg1 to 1059:1060 to 1059:1060 to 1059:1060 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 2 24 theme organic 612:618 arg1 matters 620:626 organic matters 612:626 organic matters 612:626 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 7 25 theme cellulose 1517:1525 arg1 rates 1500:1504 the degradation rates 1484:1504 the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose 1484:1543 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 2 26 theme production 316:325 arg1 Diffraction 393:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 26 theme production 316:325 arg1 comparisons 293:303 the comparisons 289:303 the comparisons 289:303 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 26 theme production 316:325 arg1 analyses 431:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 7 27 theme loading 1584:1590 arg1 rate 1592:1595 organic loading rate 1576:1595 organic loading rate 1576:1595 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 1 28 theme organic 190:196 arg1 rate 206:209 organic loading rate 190:209 organic loading rate 190:209 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 0 29 theme Loading 20:26 arg1 Rate 28:31 Organic Loading Rate 12:31 Organic Loading Rate 12:31 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 5 30 theme g· 1115:1116 arg1 rate 1102:1105 1:4[organic loading rate 1082:1105 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g· 1082:1116 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 30 theme g· 1115:1116 arg1 ratio 1072:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 2 31 theme methane 308:314 arg1 production 316:325 methane production 308:325 methane production 308:325 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 6 32 theme corn 1430:1433 arg1 stalk 1435:1439 corn stalk 1430:1439 corn stalk 1430:1439 ② As vinegar residues were short-range ordered with microcrystalline structure or mainly contained amorphous substances, they were more biodegradable than feedstocks such as corn stalk. 29965588 1 33 theme loading 198:204 arg1 rate 206:209 organic loading rate 190:209 organic loading rate 190:209 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 0 34 theme Organic 12:18 arg1 Rate 28:31 Organic Loading Rate 12:31 Organic Loading Rate 12:31 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 2 35 theme VFAs 548:551 arg1 accumulation 532:543 the accumulation 528:543 the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease 528:567 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 6 36 theme microcrystalline 1308:1323 arg1 structure 1325:1333 microcrystalline structure 1308:1333 microcrystalline structure 1308:1333 ② As vinegar residues were short-range ordered with microcrystalline structure or mainly contained amorphous substances, they were more biodegradable than feedstocks such as corn stalk. 29965588 1 37 theme rate 206:209 arg1 effects 179:185 the effects 175:185 the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues 175:273 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 2 38 theme ①Lower 477:482 arg1 rate 500:503 ①Lower organic loading rate 477:503 ①Lower organic loading rate 477:503 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 39 theme compositions 344:355 arg1 Diffraction 393:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 39 theme compositions 344:355 arg1 comparisons 293:303 the comparisons 289:303 the comparisons 289:303 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 39 theme compositions 344:355 arg1 analyses 431:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 4 40 theme VFAs 896:899 arg1 content 901:907 The VFAs content 892:907 The VFAs content 892:907 The VFAs content increased with the increase of the organic loading rate, leading to the suppression and further the stop of methane production. 29965588 7 41 theme anaerobic 1453:1461 arg1 processes 1473:1481 the anaerobic digestion processes 1449:1481 the anaerobic digestion processes 1449:1481 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 7 42 theme organic 1576:1582 arg1 rate 1592:1595 organic loading rate 1576:1595 organic loading rate 1576:1595 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 2 43 theme spectroscopy 418:429 arg1 comparisons 293:303 the comparisons 289:303 the comparisons 289:303 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 43 theme spectroscopy 418:429 arg1 analyses 431:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 0 44 theme Rate 28:31 arg1 [Effects 0:7 [Effects 0:7 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues 0:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 5 45 theme 1:4[organic 1082:1092 arg1 rate 1102:1105 1:4[organic loading rate 1082:1105 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g· 1082:1116 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 45 theme 1:4[organic 1082:1092 arg1 ratio 1072:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 2 46 dep hydrolysis 580:589 arg1 the 576:578 the 576:578 the 576:578 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 7 47 theme degradation 1488:1498 arg1 rates 1500:1504 the degradation rates 1484:1504 the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose 1484:1543 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 2 48 theme infrared 409:416 arg1 comparisons 293:303 the comparisons 289:303 the comparisons 289:303 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 48 theme infrared 409:416 arg1 analyses 431:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 3 49 dep L·d 754:756 arg1 pH=7.60 762:768 pH=7.60 762:768 pH=7.60 762:768 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 7 50 theme lignin 1509:1514 arg1 rates 1500:1504 the degradation rates 1484:1504 the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose 1484:1543 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 5 51 dep L·d 1118:1120 arg1 pH=5.52 1126:1132 pH=5.52 1126:1132 pH=5.52 1126:1132 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 1 52 theme Biochemical 103:113 arg1 experiments 133:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments 103:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments 103:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 0 53 theme Startup 36:42 arg1 Performance 44:54 Startup Performance 36:54 Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues 36:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 3 54 dep rate 738:741 arg1 L·d 754:756 L·d 754:756 L·d 754:756 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 5 55 theme inoculum 1050:1057 arg1 rate 1102:1105 1:4[organic loading rate 1082:1105 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g· 1082:1116 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 55 theme inoculum 1050:1057 arg1 ratio 1072:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 56 theme lactic 1179:1184 arg1 acids 1186:1190 lactic acids 1179:1190 lactic acids 1179:1190 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 6 57 contain contained 1345:1353 arg1 ② 1256:1256 ② 1256:1256 ② As vinegar residues 1256:1276 ② As vinegar residues were short-range ordered with microcrystalline structure or mainly contained amorphous substances, they were more biodegradable than feedstocks such as corn stalk. 29965588 6 57 contain contained 1345:1353 arg2 substances 1365:1374 amorphous substances 1355:1374 amorphous substances 1355:1374 ② As vinegar residues were short-range ordered with microcrystalline structure or mainly contained amorphous substances, they were more biodegradable than feedstocks such as corn stalk. 29965588 1 58 theme methane 115:121 arg1 experiments 133:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments 103:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments 103:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 4 59 theme methane 1017:1023 arg1 production 1025:1034 methane production 1017:1034 methane production 1017:1034 The VFAs content increased with the increase of the organic loading rate, leading to the suppression and further the stop of methane production. 29965588 7 60 theme rate 1592:1595 arg1 decrease 1564:1571 the decrease 1560:1571 the decrease of organic loading rate 1560:1595 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 2 61 theme decrease 560:567 arg1 accumulation 532:543 the accumulation 528:543 the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease 528:567 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 0 62 with Digestion 69:77 arg1 Residues 92:99 Vinegar Residues 84:99 Vinegar Residues 84:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 1 63 theme potential 123:131 arg1 experiments 133:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments 103:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments 103:143 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 5 64 theme acids 1186:1190 arg1 generation 1153:1162 the simultaneous generation 1136:1162 the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids 1136:1190 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 2 65 theme pH 557:558 arg1 decrease 560:567 pH decrease 557:567 pH decrease 557:567 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 7 66 theme hemicellulose 1531:1543 arg1 rates 1500:1504 the degradation rates 1484:1504 the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose 1484:1543 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 2 67 theme liquid 331:336 arg1 compositions 344:355 liquid phase compositions 331:355 liquid phase compositions 331:355 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 68 theme phase 338:342 arg1 compositions 344:355 liquid phase compositions 331:355 liquid phase compositions 331:355 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 0 69 theme Anaerobic 59:67 arg1 Digestion 69:77 Anaerobic Digestion 59:77 Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues 59:99 [Effects of Organic Loading Rate on Startup Performance of Anaerobic Digestion with Vinegar Residues]. 29965588 3 70 theme substrate 698:706 arg1 ratio 708:712 substrate ratio 698:712 substrate ratio 698:712 When the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:1[organic loading rate of 1.78 g·(L·d)-1, pH=7.60], the cumulative methane production was the highest, reaching 2249.7 mL, and the performance of the digesters was stable. 29965588 2 71 theme thermogravimetry 369:384 arg1 Diffraction 393:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 X-ray Diffraction 387:403 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 71 theme thermogravimetry 369:384 arg1 comparisons 293:303 the comparisons 289:303 the comparisons 289:303 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 2 71 theme thermogravimetry 369:384 arg1 analyses 431:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 infrared spectroscopy analyses 409:438 According to the comparisons of methane production and liquid phase compositions, as well as thermogravimetry, X-ray Diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses, the conclusions could be drawn that:①Lower organic loading rate was better to mitigate the accumulation of VFAs and pH decrease during the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, which consequently improved methane production. 29965588 4 72 theme production 1025:1034 arg1 stop 1009:1012 the stop 1005:1012 the stop of methane production 1005:1034 The VFAs content increased with the increase of the organic loading rate, leading to the suppression and further the stop of methane production. 29965588 1 73 theme anaerobic 233:241 arg1 digesters 243:251 anaerobic digesters 233:251 anaerobic digesters 233:251 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 7 74 theme digestion 1463:1471 arg1 processes 1473:1481 the anaerobic digestion processes 1449:1481 the anaerobic digestion processes 1449:1481 During the anaerobic digestion processes, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with the decrease of organic loading rate. 29965588 5 75 theme loading 1094:1100 arg1 rate 1102:1105 1:4[organic loading rate 1082:1105 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g· 1082:1116 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 75 theme loading 1094:1100 arg1 ratio 1072:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 the inoculum to substrate ratio 1046:1076 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 5 76 theme simultaneous 1140:1151 arg1 generation 1153:1162 the simultaneous generation 1136:1162 the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids 1136:1190 And when the inoculum to substrate ratio was 1:4[organic loading rate of 7.12 g·(L·d)-1, pH=5.52], the simultaneous generation of acetate and lactic acids could be achieved at 8000 mg·L-1 and 2650 mg·L-1, respectively. 29965588 1 77 with performance 218:228 arg1 residues 266:273 vinegar residues 258:273 vinegar residues 258:273 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 29965588 6 78 theme vinegar 1261:1267 arg1 residues 1269:1276 vinegar residues 1261:1276 vinegar residues 1261:1276 ② As vinegar residues were short-range ordered with microcrystalline structure or mainly contained amorphous substances, they were more biodegradable than feedstocks such as corn stalk. 29965588 1 79 theme digesters 243:251 arg1 performance 218:228 the performance 214:228 the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues 214:273 Biochemical methane potential experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic loading rate on the performance of anaerobic digesters with vinegar residues. 28866014 3 0 theme molar 635:639 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 2 1 theme primary 371:377 arg1 structure 379:387 The primary structure 367:387 The primary structure of RRTP1-1 367:398 The primary structure of RRTP1-1 was investigated by UV, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 28866014 1 2 theme Rosa 221:224 arg1 fruit 243:247 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 221:247 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 221:247 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 7 3 theme antioxidant 1153:1163 arg1 SOD 1179:1181 SOD 1179:1181 SOD 1179:1181 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 3 theme antioxidant 1153:1163 arg1 GSH-Px 1188:1193 GSH-Px 1188:1193 GSH-Px 1188:1193 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 3 theme antioxidant 1153:1163 arg1 CAT 1174:1176 CAT 1174:1176 CAT 1174:1176 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 3 theme antioxidant 1153:1163 arg1 enzymes 1165:1171 antioxidant enzymes 1153:1171 antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) 1153:1194 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 8 4 theme antioxidants 1394:1405 arg1 source 1376:1381 a new source 1370:1381 a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products 1370:1476 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 8 4 theme antioxidants 1394:1405 arg1 RRTP1-1 1353:1359 RRTP1-1 1353:1359 RRTP1-1 1353:1359 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 4 5 theme 1→6 792:794 arg1 1→ 807:808 →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 778:808 →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 778:808 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 8 6 theme supplemental 1456:1467 arg1 products 1469:1476 dietary supplemental products 1448:1476 dietary supplemental products 1448:1476 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 1 7 theme roxburghii 226:235 arg1 fruit 243:247 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 221:247 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 221:247 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 3 8 from GalA 602:605 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 8 9 theme natural 1386:1392 arg1 antioxidants 1394:1405 natural antioxidants 1386:1405 natural antioxidants 1386:1405 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 3 10 theme average 532:538 arg1 weight 550:555 an average molecular weight 529:555 an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa 529:567 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 5 11 theme helix 863:867 arg1 structure 869:877 no triple helix structure 853:877 no triple helix structure 853:877 Congo red test indicated that RRTP1-1 had no triple helix structure. 28866014 1 12 theme Tratt 237:241 arg1 fruit 243:247 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 221:247 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 221:247 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 7 13 theme D-Gal 1292:1296 arg1 mice 1312:1315 D-Gal aging-induced mice 1292:1315 D-Gal aging-induced mice 1292:1315 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 3 14 theme 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 650:689 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 4 15 theme -α-d-Glcp- 796:805 arg1 1→ 807:808 →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 778:808 →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 778:808 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 3 16 theme molecular 540:548 arg1 weight 550:555 an average molecular weight 529:555 an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa 529:567 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 3 17 from Rha 591:593 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 0 18 theme antioxidant 107:117 arg1 fruit 79:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 0 18 theme antioxidant 107:117 arg1 assessment 89:98 assessment 89:98 assessment of its antioxidant 89:117 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 6 19 contain possessed 941:949 arg1 RRTP1-1 933:939 RRTP1-1 933:939 RRTP1-1 933:939 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 6 19 contain possessed 941:949 arg2 radicals 991:998 superoxide radicals 980:998 superoxide radicals 980:998 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 6 19 contain possessed 941:949 arg2 hydroxyl 967:974 hydroxyl 967:974 hydroxyl 967:974 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 6 19 contain possessed 941:949 arg2 DPPH 961:964 DPPH 961:964 DPPH 961:964 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 7 20 from dose 1102:1105 arg1 RRTP1-1 1075:1081 RRTP1-1 1075:1081 RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose 1075:1105 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 3 21 from Xyl 626:628 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 3 22 from GlcA 596:599 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 3 23 from Glc 608:610 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 8 24 theme dietary 1448:1454 arg1 products 1469:1476 dietary supplemental products 1448:1476 dietary supplemental products 1448:1476 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 7 25 theme enzymes 1165:1171 arg1 activities 1139:1148 the activities 1135:1148 the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) 1135:1194 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 3 26 theme 97.58kDa 560:567 arg1 weight 550:555 an average molecular weight 529:555 an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa 529:567 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 4 27 theme -α-d-Glcp- 781:790 arg1 1→ 807:808 →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 778:808 →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 778:808 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 8 28 from applications 1411:1422 arg1 foods 1438:1442 functional foods 1427:1442 functional foods 1427:1442 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 8 28 from applications 1411:1422 arg1 products 1469:1476 dietary supplemental products 1448:1476 dietary supplemental products 1448:1476 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 5 29 dep red 817:819 arg1 test 821:824 test 821:824 test 821:824 Congo red test indicated that RRTP1-1 had no triple helix structure. 28866014 2 30 theme RRTP1-1 392:398 arg1 structure 379:387 The primary structure 367:387 The primary structure of RRTP1-1 367:398 The primary structure of RRTP1-1 was investigated by UV, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 28866014 0 31 theme novel 22:26 arg1 polysaccharide 28:41 a novel polysaccharide 20:41 a novel polysaccharide 20:41 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 6 32 theme Antioxidation 880:892 arg1 tests 894:898 Antioxidation tests 880:898 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro 880:917 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 5 33 theme triple 856:861 arg1 structure 869:877 no triple helix structure 853:877 no triple helix structure 853:877 Congo red test indicated that RRTP1-1 had no triple helix structure. 28866014 7 34 from degrees 1268:1274 arg1 serum 1283:1287 the serum 1279:1287 the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice 1279:1315 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 1 35 theme water-soluble 164:176 arg1 polysaccharide 178:191 a novel water-soluble polysaccharide 156:191 a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) 156:201 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 1 35 theme water-soluble 164:176 arg1 RRTP1-1 194:200 RRTP1-1 194:200 RRTP1-1 194:200 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 7 36 theme aging-induced 1298:1310 arg1 mice 1312:1315 D-Gal aging-induced mice 1292:1315 D-Gal aging-induced mice 1292:1315 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 1 37 theme ultrasonic-assisted 261:279 arg1 extraction 281:290 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction 257:290 the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification 257:364 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 7 38 theme mice 1312:1315 arg1 serum 1283:1287 the serum 1279:1287 the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice 1279:1315 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 5 39 contain had 849:851 arg2 structure 869:877 no triple helix structure 853:877 no triple helix structure 853:877 Congo red test indicated that RRTP1-1 had no triple helix structure. 28866014 5 39 contain had 849:851 arg1 RRTP1-1 841:847 RRTP1-1 841:847 RRTP1-1 841:847 Congo red test indicated that RRTP1-1 had no triple helix structure. 28866014 3 40 from Man 586:588 arg1 ratio 641:645 a molar ratio 633:645 a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41 633:689 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 2 41 theme NMR 455:457 arg1 spectroscopy 459:470 13C NMR spectroscopy 451:470 13C NMR spectroscopy 451:470 The primary structure of RRTP1-1 was investigated by UV, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 28866014 1 42 dep chromatography 338:351 arg1 purification 353:364 purification 353:364 purification 353:364 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 7 43 dep enzymes 1165:1171 arg1 SOD 1179:1181 SOD 1179:1181 SOD 1179:1181 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 43 dep enzymes 1165:1171 arg1 GSH-Px 1188:1193 GSH-Px 1188:1193 GSH-Px 1188:1193 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 43 dep enzymes 1165:1171 arg1 CAT 1174:1176 CAT 1174:1176 CAT 1174:1176 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 43 dep enzymes 1165:1171 arg1 enzymes 1165:1171 antioxidant enzymes 1153:1171 antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) 1153:1194 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 4 44 theme backbone 756:763 arg1 structure 765:773 a backbone structure 754:773 a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 754:808 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 1 45 theme novel 158:162 arg1 polysaccharide 178:191 a novel water-soluble polysaccharide 156:191 a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) 156:201 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 1 45 theme novel 158:162 arg1 RRTP1-1 194:200 RRTP1-1 194:200 RRTP1-1 194:200 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 2 46 theme 13C 451:453 arg1 spectroscopy 459:470 13C NMR spectroscopy 451:470 13C NMR spectroscopy 451:470 The primary structure of RRTP1-1 was investigated by UV, FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 28866014 7 47 from assays 1048:1053 arg1 vivo 1058:1061 vivo 1058:1061 vivo 1058:1061 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 0 48 theme polysaccharide 28:41 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide 0:41 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 7 49 theme TAOC 1206:1209 arg1 values 1211:1216 TAOC values 1206:1216 TAOC values 1206:1216 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 0 50 theme Rosa 57:60 arg1 fruit 79:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 3 51 contain had 525:527 arg2 weight 550:555 an average molecular weight 529:555 an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa 529:567 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 3 51 contain had 525:527 arg1 RRTP1-1 517:523 RRTP1-1 517:523 RRTP1-1 517:523 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 7 52 theme different 1258:1266 arg1 degrees 1268:1274 different degrees 1258:1274 different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice 1258:1315 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 8 53 theme functional 1427:1436 arg1 foods 1438:1442 functional foods 1427:1442 functional foods 1427:1442 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 3 54 theme Chemical 473:480 arg1 analysis 494:501 Chemical composition analysis 473:501 Chemical composition analysis 473:501 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 1 55 theme anion-exchange 304:317 arg1 chromatography 338:351 anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification 304:364 chromatography 338:351 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 4 56 theme 1→ 807:808 arg1 structure 765:773 a backbone structure 754:773 a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ 754:808 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 7 57 theme antioxidant 1036:1046 arg1 assays 1048:1053 antioxidant assays 1036:1053 antioxidant assays in vivo 1036:1061 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 7 58 theme LPO 1236:1238 arg1 levels 1248:1253 the LPO and MDA levels 1232:1253 levels 1248:1253 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 3 59 theme composition 482:492 arg1 analysis 494:501 Chemical composition analysis 473:501 Chemical composition analysis 473:501 Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTP1-1 had an average molecular weight of 97.58kDa and consisted of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Xyl in a molar ratio of 2.88:1.39:2.83:1.00:69.11:3.04:2.52:3.41. 28866014 4 60 theme glucan 739:744 arg1 polysaccharide 697:710 This polysaccharide 692:710 This polysaccharide 692:710 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 4 60 theme glucan 739:744 arg1 kind 731:734 a kind 729:734 a kind of glucan 729:744 This polysaccharide was proven to be a kind of glucan, owning a backbone structure of →6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→. 28866014 8 61 theme new 1372:1374 arg1 source 1376:1381 a new source 1370:1381 a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products 1370:1476 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 8 61 theme new 1372:1374 arg1 RRTP1-1 1353:1359 RRTP1-1 1353:1359 RRTP1-1 1353:1359 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 6 62 theme superoxide 980:989 arg1 radicals 991:998 superoxide radicals 980:998 superoxide radicals 980:998 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 7 63 from levels 1248:1253 arg1 degrees 1268:1274 different degrees 1258:1274 different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice 1258:1315 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 0 64 theme Tratt 73:77 arg1 fruit 79:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 8 65 theme present 1322:1328 arg1 results 1330:1336 The present results 1318:1336 The present results 1318:1336 The present results suggested that RRTP1-1 could be a new source of natural antioxidants for applications in functional foods and dietary supplemental products. 28866014 6 66 theme scavenging 1000:1009 arg1 activities 1011:1020 scavenging activities 1000:1020 scavenging activities 1000:1020 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 28866014 0 67 theme roxburghii 62:71 arg1 fruit 79:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit 57:83 Characterization of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit and assessment of its antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. 28866014 1 68 theme size-exclusion 323:336 arg1 chromatography 338:351 anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification 304:364 chromatography 338:351 In this study, a novel water-soluble polysaccharide (RRTP1-1) was obtained from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit through the ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography purification. 28866014 7 69 theme MDA 1244:1246 arg1 levels 1248:1253 the LPO and MDA levels 1232:1253 levels 1248:1253 Furthermore, antioxidant assays in vivo showed that RRTP1-1 at 200 or 400mg/kg dose could significantly enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px), increase TAOC values, and decrease the LPO and MDA levels in different degrees in the serum of D-Gal aging-induced mice. 28866014 6 70 dep DPPH 961:964 arg1 activities 1011:1020 scavenging activities 1000:1020 scavenging activities 1000:1020 Antioxidation tests performed in vitro revealed that RRTP1-1 possessed obviously DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals scavenging activities. 26261057 7 0 theme significant 1230:1240 arg1 difference 1242:1251 a significant difference 1228:1251 a significant difference 1228:1251 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 4 1 theme human-mouse 669:679 arg1 mAb 700:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb 667:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab 667:751 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 1 2 theme antibodies 146:155 arg1 use 128:130 the successful use 113:130 the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases 113:199 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 8 3 from lack 1645:1648 arg1 terminal 1703:1710 the non-reducing terminal 1686:1710 the non-reducing terminal 1686:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 1 4 theme recombinant 225:235 arg1 mAbs 237:240 recombinant mAbs 225:240 recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants 225:275 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 0 5 theme Bombyx 84:89 arg1 silkworms 73:81 transgenic silkworms 62:81 transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori) 62:95 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). 26261057 0 5 theme Bombyx 84:89 arg1 mori 91:94 Bombyx mori 84:94 Bombyx mori 84:94 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). 26261057 9 6 theme tumor-targeting 1809:1823 arg1 mAbs 1825:1828 the tumor-targeting mAbs 1805:1828 the tumor-targeting mAbs 1805:1828 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 4 7 theme CHO 837:839 arg1 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 7 theme CHO 837:839 arg1 cells 842:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 814:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®) 814:858 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 9 8 theme expression 1783:1792 arg1 system 1794:1799 a promising expression system 1771:1799 a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity 1771:1854 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 9 8 theme expression 1783:1792 arg1 silkworm 1755:1762 the transgenic silkworm 1740:1762 the transgenic silkworm 1740:1762 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 8 9 theme mass 1423:1426 arg1 spectra 1428:1434 The mass spectra 1419:1434 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide 1419:1464 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 10 theme N-glycan 1555:1562 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the characteristic N-glycan structures 1536:1573 the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal 1536:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 3 11 theme transgenic 518:527 arg1 silkworms 529:537 transgenic silkworms 518:537 transgenic silkworms 518:537 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 4 12 theme amino 720:724 arg1 sequence 731:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 13 theme same 715:718 arg1 sequence 731:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 5 14 theme similar 924:930 arg1 property 948:955 a similar antigen-binding property 922:955 a similar antigen-binding property 922:955 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 8 15 theme non-reducing 1690:1701 arg1 terminal 1703:1710 the non-reducing terminal 1686:1710 the non-reducing terminal 1686:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 1 16 dep use 128:130 arg1 response 101:108 response 101:108 response 101:108 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 1 17 theme transgenic 248:257 arg1 animals 259:265 transgenic animals 248:265 transgenic animals 248:265 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 3 18 theme cost-effective 453:466 arg1 breeding 468:475 their cost-effective breeding 447:475 their cost-effective breeding 447:475 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 4 19 theme hamster 822:828 arg1 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 19 theme hamster 822:828 arg1 cells 842:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 814:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®) 814:858 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 5 20 theme antigen-binding 932:946 arg1 property 948:955 a similar antigen-binding property 922:955 a similar antigen-binding property 922:955 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 7 21 theme post-translational 1349:1366 arg1 deamidation 1406:1416 deamidation 1406:1416 deamidation 1406:1416 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 7 21 theme post-translational 1349:1366 arg1 oxidation 1392:1400 oxidation 1392:1400 oxidation 1392:1400 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 7 21 theme post-translational 1349:1366 arg1 modifications 1368:1380 other post-translational modifications 1343:1380 other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation 1343:1416 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 8 22 theme characteristic 1540:1553 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the characteristic N-glycan structures 1536:1573 the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal 1536:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 23 dep core-fucose 1657:1667 arg1 the 1653:1655 the 1653:1655 the 1653:1655 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 4 24 theme Chinese 814:820 arg1 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 24 theme Chinese 814:820 arg1 cells 842:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 814:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®) 814:858 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 9 25 theme higher 1835:1840 arg1 activity 1847:1854 higher ADCC activity 1835:1854 higher ADCC activity 1835:1854 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 9 26 theme transgenic 1744:1753 arg1 system 1794:1799 a promising expression system 1771:1799 a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity 1771:1854 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 9 26 theme transgenic 1744:1753 arg1 silkworm 1755:1762 the transgenic silkworm 1740:1762 the transgenic silkworm 1740:1762 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 1 27 from use 128:130 arg1 treatment 171:179 the treatment 167:179 the treatment of various diseases 167:199 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 2 28 dep silkworm 309:316 arg1 mori 326:329 Bombyx mori 319:329 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) 305:330 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 4 29 contain having 704:709 arg1 mAb 700:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb 667:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab 667:751 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 29 contain having 704:709 arg2 sequence 731:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 2 30 theme domesticated 344:355 arg1 insect 357:362 a highly domesticated insect 335:362 a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins 335:433 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 2 30 theme domesticated 344:355 arg1 silkworm 309:316 The silkworm 305:316 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) 305:330 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 4 31 theme ovary 830:834 arg1 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 MabThera® 849:857 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 31 theme ovary 830:834 arg1 cells 842:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells 814:846 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®) 814:858 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 5 32 theme transgenic 895:904 arg1 silkworm 906:913 the transgenic silkworm 891:913 the transgenic silkworm 891:913 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 4 33 theme transgenic 629:638 arg1 silkworm 640:647 a transgenic silkworm 627:647 a transgenic silkworm 627:647 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 0 34 theme monoclonal 30:39 arg1 antibody 41:48 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody 20:48 anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody 20:48 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). 26261057 8 35 theme observed 1484:1491 arg1 attributable 1520:1531 attributable 1520:1531 attributable 1520:1531 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 35 theme observed 1484:1491 arg1 properties 1504:1513 the observed biological properties 1480:1513 the observed biological properties 1480:1513 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 36 theme N-glycosylated 1443:1456 arg1 peptide 1458:1464 the N-glycosylated peptide 1439:1464 the N-glycosylated peptide 1439:1464 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 4 37 theme acid 726:729 arg1 sequence 731:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 the same amino acid sequence 711:738 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 5 38 theme cell-mediated 990:1002 arg1 cytotoxicity 1004:1015 stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 962:1015 stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 962:1022 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 5 38 theme cell-mediated 990:1002 arg1 ADCC 1018:1021 ADCC 1018:1021 ADCC 1018:1021 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 6 39 theme peptide 1155:1161 arg1 mapping 1163:1169 peptide mapping 1155:1169 peptide mapping 1155:1169 Post-translational modification analysis was performed by peptide mapping using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 26261057 8 40 theme mAbs 1592:1595 arg1 structures 1564:1573 the characteristic N-glycan structures 1536:1573 the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal 1536:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 6 41 theme liquid 1177:1182 arg1 spectrometry 1204:1215 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 1177:1215 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 1177:1215 Post-translational modification analysis was performed by peptide mapping using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 26261057 3 42 theme great 544:548 arg1 system 580:585 a novel production system 561:585 a novel production system for mAbs 561:594 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 3 42 theme great 544:548 arg1 promise 550:556 great promise 544:556 great promise 544:556 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 9 43 with system 1794:1799 arg1 activity 1847:1854 higher ADCC activity 1835:1854 higher ADCC activity 1835:1854 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 8 44 theme biological 1493:1502 arg1 attributable 1520:1531 attributable 1520:1531 attributable 1520:1531 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 44 theme biological 1493:1502 arg1 properties 1504:1513 the observed biological properties 1480:1513 the observed biological properties 1480:1513 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 3 45 theme production 569:578 arg1 system 580:585 a novel production system 561:585 a novel production system for mAbs 561:594 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 3 45 theme production 569:578 arg1 promise 550:556 great promise 544:556 great promise 544:556 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 7 46 theme other 1343:1347 arg1 deamidation 1406:1416 deamidation 1406:1416 deamidation 1406:1416 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 7 46 theme other 1343:1347 arg1 oxidation 1392:1400 oxidation 1392:1400 oxidation 1392:1400 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 7 46 theme other 1343:1347 arg1 modifications 1368:1380 other post-translational modifications 1343:1380 other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation 1343:1416 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 1 47 theme various 184:190 arg1 diseases 192:199 various diseases 184:199 various diseases 184:199 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 0 48 theme antibody 41:48 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody 0:48 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). 26261057 9 49 theme promising 1773:1781 arg1 system 1794:1799 a promising expression system 1771:1799 a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity 1771:1854 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 9 49 theme promising 1773:1781 arg1 silkworm 1755:1762 the transgenic silkworm 1740:1762 the transgenic silkworm 1740:1762 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 8 50 theme galactose 1673:1681 arg1 lack 1645:1648 the lack 1641:1648 the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal 1641:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 1 51 theme diseases 192:199 arg1 treatment 171:179 the treatment 167:179 the treatment of various diseases 167:199 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 2 52 theme proteins 426:433 arg1 production 400:409 the production 396:409 the production of recombinant proteins 396:433 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 9 53 theme ADCC 1842:1845 arg1 activity 1847:1854 higher ADCC activity 1835:1854 higher ADCC activity 1835:1854 These results suggest that the transgenic silkworm may be a promising expression system for the tumor-targeting mAbs with higher ADCC activity. 26261057 8 54 from terminal 1703:1710 arg1 galactose 1673:1681 galactose 1673:1681 galactose 1673:1681 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 54 from terminal 1703:1710 arg1 lack 1645:1648 the lack 1641:1648 the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal 1641:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 54 from terminal 1703:1710 arg1 core-fucose 1657:1667 core-fucose 1657:1667 core-fucose 1657:1667 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 55 theme transgenic 1613:1622 arg1 silkworms 1624:1632 the transgenic silkworms 1609:1632 the transgenic silkworms 1609:1632 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 8 56 theme peptide 1458:1464 arg1 spectra 1428:1434 The mass spectra 1419:1434 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide 1419:1464 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 6 57 theme modification 1116:1127 arg1 analysis 1129:1136 Post-translational modification analysis 1097:1136 Post-translational modification analysis 1097:1136 Post-translational modification analysis was performed by peptide mapping using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 26261057 2 58 theme Bombyx 319:324 arg1 mori 326:329 Bombyx mori 319:329 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) 305:330 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 2 59 theme recombinant 414:424 arg1 proteins 426:433 recombinant proteins 414:433 recombinant proteins 414:433 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 6 60 theme chromatography/mass 1184:1202 arg1 spectrometry 1204:1215 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 1177:1215 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry 1177:1215 Post-translational modification analysis was performed by peptide mapping using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 26261057 3 61 theme novel 563:567 arg1 system 580:585 a novel production system 561:585 a novel production system for mAbs 561:594 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 3 61 theme novel 563:567 arg1 promise 550:556 great promise 544:556 great promise 544:556 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 4 62 theme chimeric 681:688 arg1 mAb 700:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb 667:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab 667:751 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 4 63 theme anti-CD20 690:698 arg1 mAb 700:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb 667:702 a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab 667:751 In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm stably expressing a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD20 mAb having the same amino acid sequence as rituximab, and compared its characteristics with rituximab produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (MabThera®). 26261057 2 64 used used 387:390 arg2 silkworm 309:316 The silkworm 305:316 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) 305:330 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 2 64 used used 387:390 arg2 insect 357:362 a highly domesticated insect 335:362 a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins 335:433 The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a highly domesticated insect that has recently been used for the production of recombinant proteins. 26261057 1 65 theme successful 117:126 arg1 use 128:130 the successful use 113:130 the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases 113:199 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 6 66 theme Post-translational 1097:1114 arg1 analysis 1129:1136 Post-translational modification analysis 1097:1136 Post-translational modification analysis 1097:1136 Post-translational modification analysis was performed by peptide mapping using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 26261057 8 67 theme core-fucose 1657:1667 arg1 lack 1645:1648 the lack 1641:1648 the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal 1641:1710 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 5 68 theme anti-CD20 865:873 arg1 mAb 875:877 The anti-CD20 mAb 861:877 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm 861:913 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 7 69 dep CHO- 1296:1299 arg1 mAbs 1326:1329 mAbs 1326:1329 mAbs 1326:1329 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 26261057 3 70 theme production 497:506 arg1 scale-up 508:515 relatively easy production scale-up 481:515 relatively easy production scale-up 481:515 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 5 71 theme weaker 1028:1033 arg1 CDC 1070:1072 CDC 1070:1072 CDC 1070:1072 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 5 71 theme weaker 1028:1033 arg1 cytotoxicity 1056:1067 weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity 1028:1067 weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) 1028:1073 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 8 72 dep lack 1645:1648 arg1 i.e. 1635:1638 i.e. 1635:1638 i.e. 1635:1638 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 5 73 theme complement-dependent 1035:1054 arg1 CDC 1070:1072 CDC 1070:1072 CDC 1070:1072 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 5 73 theme complement-dependent 1035:1054 arg1 cytotoxicity 1056:1067 weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity 1028:1067 weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) 1028:1073 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 5 74 theme stronger 962:969 arg1 cytotoxicity 1004:1015 stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 962:1015 stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 962:1022 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 5 74 theme stronger 962:969 arg1 ADCC 1018:1021 ADCC 1018:1021 ADCC 1018:1021 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 3 75 theme easy 492:495 arg1 production 497:506 relatively easy production 481:506 relatively easy production scale-up 481:515 Because of their cost-effective breeding and relatively easy production scale-up, transgenic silkworms show great promise as a novel production system for mAbs. 26261057 8 76 gly N-glycosylated 1443:1456 arg1 peptide 1458:1464 the N-glycosylated peptide 1439:1464 the N-glycosylated peptide 1439:1464 The mass spectra of the N-glycosylated peptide revealed that the observed biological properties were attributable to the characteristic N-glycan structures of the anti-CD20 mAbs produced in the transgenic silkworms, i.e., the lack of the core-fucose and galactose at the non-reducing terminal. 26261057 0 77 theme transgenic 62:71 arg1 silkworms 73:81 transgenic silkworms 62:81 transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori) 62:95 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). 26261057 0 77 theme transgenic 62:71 arg1 mori 91:94 Bombyx mori 84:94 Bombyx mori 84:94 Characterization of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). 26261057 5 78 theme antibody-dependent 971:988 arg1 cytotoxicity 1004:1015 stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity 962:1015 stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 962:1022 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 5 78 theme antibody-dependent 971:988 arg1 ADCC 1018:1021 ADCC 1018:1021 ADCC 1018:1021 The anti-CD20 mAb produced in the transgenic silkworm showed a similar antigen-binding property, but stronger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and weaker complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) compared to MabThera. 26261057 1 79 theme monoclonal 135:144 arg1 mAbs 158:161 mAbs 158:161 mAbs 158:161 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 1 79 theme monoclonal 135:144 arg1 antibodies 146:155 monoclonal antibodies 135:155 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 135:162 In response to the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the treatment of various diseases, systems for expressing recombinant mAbs using transgenic animals or plants have been widely developed. 26261057 7 80 theme N-glycosylation 1260:1274 arg1 profile 1276:1282 the N-glycosylation profile 1256:1282 the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs 1256:1329 There was a significant difference in the N-glycosylation profile between the CHO- and the silkworm-derived mAbs, but not in other post-translational modifications including oxidation and deamidation. 24500483 0 0 theme polysaccharides 87:101 arg1 components 30:39 components 30:39 components 30:39 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 0 theme polysaccharides 87:101 arg1 structures 59:68 topographical structures 45:68 topographical structures 45:68 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 1 theme extracellular 73:85 arg1 polysaccharides 87:101 extracellular polysaccharides 73:101 extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 73:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 4 2 theme light 487:491 arg1 intensity 493:501 Higher light intensity 480:501 Higher light intensity 480:501 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 5 3 theme atomic 629:634 arg1 microscopy 642:651 atomic force microscopy 629:651 atomic force microscopy 629:651 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, appeared as spherical lumps, chains and networks. 24500483 1 4 from effects 152:158 arg1 components 210:219 components 210:219 components 210:219 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 4 from effects 152:158 arg1 structures 239:248 topographical structures 225:248 topographical structures 225:248 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 4 5 theme EPS 551:553 arg1 content 540:546 higher protein content 525:546 higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions 525:574 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 components 30:39 components 30:39 components 30:39 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 6 from Effects 0:6 arg1 structures 59:68 topographical structures 45:68 topographical structures 45:68 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 5 7 theme force 636:640 arg1 microscopy 642:651 atomic force microscopy 629:651 atomic force microscopy 629:651 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, appeared as spherical lumps, chains and networks. 24500483 1 8 theme cyanobacteria 308:320 arg1 sp 329:330 cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 308:330 cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 308:330 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 5 9 theme topographical 581:593 arg1 structure 595:603 The topographical structure 577:603 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, 577:652 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, appeared as spherical lumps, chains and networks. 24500483 7 10 theme EPS 816:818 arg1 yield 796:800 yield 796:800 yield 796:800 Thus, light intensity affected the yield and nature of EPS. 24500483 7 10 theme EPS 816:818 arg1 nature 806:811 nature 806:811 nature 806:811 Thus, light intensity affected the yield and nature of EPS. 24500483 4 11 theme similar 558:564 arg1 fractions 566:574 similar fractions 558:574 similar fractions 558:574 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 0 12 theme Nostoc 126:131 arg1 sp 133:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 13 theme Nostoc 322:327 arg1 sp 329:330 cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 308:330 cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 308:330 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 14 theme light 163:167 arg1 /sec 197:200 40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec 180:200 40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec 180:200 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 14 theme light 163:167 arg1 intensity 169:177 light intensity 163:177 light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) 163:201 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 15 theme cyanobacteria 112:124 arg1 sp 133:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 16 from components 30:39 arg1 sp 133:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 5 17 theme EPS 608:610 arg1 structure 595:603 The topographical structure 577:603 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, 577:652 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, appeared as spherical lumps, chains and networks. 24500483 1 18 theme intensity 169:177 arg1 effects 152:158 the effects 148:158 the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) 148:287 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 19 from study 139:143 arg1 effects 152:158 the effects 148:158 the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) 148:287 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 4 20 from content 540:546 arg1 fractions 566:574 similar fractions 558:574 similar fractions 558:574 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 1 21 theme topographical 225:237 arg1 structures 239:248 topographical structures 225:248 topographical structures 225:248 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 6 22 theme light 744:748 arg1 intensity 750:758 higher light intensity 737:758 higher light intensity 737:758 The long chains were observed at higher light intensity. 24500483 3 23 theme light 385:389 arg1 intensity 391:399 light intensity 385:399 light intensity 385:399 However, light intensity did not significantly affect the EPS fractions and monosaccharide composition. 24500483 0 24 theme intensity 17:25 arg1 Effects 0:6 Effects 0:6 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 0:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 4 25 theme higher 525:530 arg1 content 540:546 higher protein content 525:546 higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions 525:574 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 6 26 theme higher 737:742 arg1 intensity 750:758 higher light intensity 737:758 higher light intensity 737:758 The long chains were observed at higher light intensity. 24500483 0 27 theme light 11:15 arg1 intensity 17:25 light intensity 11:25 light intensity 11:25 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 28 dep /sec 197:200 arg1 2 195:195 2 195:195 2 195:195 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 6 29 located observed 725:732 arg1 intensity 750:758 higher light intensity 737:758 higher light intensity 737:758 The long chains were observed at higher light intensity. 24500483 6 29 located observed 725:732 arg2 chains 713:718 The long chains 704:718 The long chains 704:718 The long chains were observed at higher light intensity. 24500483 1 30 theme extracellular 253:265 arg1 EPS 284:286 EPS 284:286 EPS 284:286 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 30 theme extracellular 253:265 arg1 polysaccharides 267:281 extracellular polysaccharides 253:281 extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) 253:287 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 31 theme μE/m 190:193 arg1 /sec 197:200 40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec 180:200 40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec 180:200 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 31 theme μE/m 190:193 arg1 intensity 169:177 light intensity 163:177 light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) 163:201 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 32 theme polysaccharides 267:281 arg1 components 210:219 components 210:219 components 210:219 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 1 32 theme polysaccharides 267:281 arg1 structures 239:248 topographical structures 225:248 topographical structures 225:248 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 2 33 theme light 359:363 arg1 intensity 365:373 light intensity 359:373 light intensity 359:373 EPS yield increased with light intensity. 24500483 0 34 theme topographical 45:57 arg1 structures 59:68 topographical structures 45:68 topographical structures 45:68 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 35 from structures 59:68 arg1 sp 133:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 108:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 4 36 theme Higher 480:485 arg1 intensity 493:501 Higher light intensity 480:501 Higher light intensity 480:501 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 1 37 dep components 210:219 arg1 the 206:208 the 206:208 the 206:208 A study on the effects of light intensity (40 and 80 μE/m(2)/sec) on the components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) was carried out in cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 3 38 theme monosaccharide 452:465 arg1 composition 467:477 monosaccharide composition 452:477 monosaccharide composition 452:477 However, light intensity did not significantly affect the EPS fractions and monosaccharide composition. 24500483 7 39 theme light 767:771 arg1 intensity 773:781 light intensity 767:781 light intensity 767:781 Thus, light intensity affected the yield and nature of EPS. 24500483 2 40 dep yield 338:342 arg1 increased 344:352 increased 344:352 yield increased with light intensity 338:373 EPS yield increased with light intensity. 24500483 3 41 theme EPS 434:436 arg1 fractions 438:446 the EPS fractions 430:446 the EPS fractions 430:446 However, light intensity did not significantly affect the EPS fractions and monosaccharide composition. 24500483 5 42 theme spherical 666:674 arg1 lumps 676:680 spherical lumps 666:680 spherical lumps 666:680 The topographical structure of EPS, investigated by atomic force microscopy, appeared as spherical lumps, chains and networks. 24500483 6 43 theme long 708:711 arg1 chains 713:718 The long chains 704:718 The long chains 704:718 The long chains were observed at higher light intensity. 24500483 4 44 theme protein 532:538 arg1 content 540:546 higher protein content 525:546 higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions 525:574 Higher light intensity generally resulted in higher protein content of EPS in similar fractions. 24500483 7 45 dep yield 796:800 arg1 the 792:794 the 792:794 the 792:794 Thus, light intensity affected the yield and nature of EPS. 24500483 0 46 from sp 133:134 arg1 components 30:39 components 30:39 components 30:39 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 46 from sp 133:134 arg1 structures 59:68 topographical structures 45:68 topographical structures 45:68 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 24500483 0 46 from sp 133:134 arg1 polysaccharides 87:101 extracellular polysaccharides 73:101 extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp 73:134 Effects of light intensity on components and topographical structures of extracellular polysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. 27426470 5 0 from different 966:974 arg1 addition 898:905 addition 898:905 addition 898:905 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 1 1 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 310:336 arg1 chloride 338:345 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 310:345 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) 310:359 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 1 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 310:336 arg1 types 286:290 two types 282:290 two types of ionic liquids 282:307 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 1 theme 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 310:336 arg1 [C2mim 348:353 [C2mim 348:353 [C2mim 348:353 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 2 theme morphological 148:160 arg1 changes 179:185 The morphological and topochemical changes 144:185 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 144:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 3 theme Cryptomeria 242:252 arg1 cedar 235:239 Japanese cedar 226:239 Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 226:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 3 theme Cryptomeria 242:252 arg1 japonica 254:261 Cryptomeria japonica 242:261 Cryptomeria japonica 242:261 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 0 4 theme wood 97:100 arg1 features 73:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features 36:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 36:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 0 5 from Effect 0:5 arg1 features 73:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features 36:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 36:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 2 6 theme liquids 551:557 arg1 types 536:540 the types 532:540 the types of ionic liquids used 532:562 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 5 7 theme ionic 949:953 arg1 liquids 955:961 ionic liquids 949:961 ionic liquids 949:961 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 5 8 from addition 898:905 arg1 different 966:974 different 966:974 different 966:974 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 5 8 from addition 898:905 arg1 interaction 912:922 the interaction 908:922 the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids 908:961 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 0 9 theme compression 85:95 arg1 wood 97:100 compression wood 85:100 compression wood 85:100 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 3 10 theme [Cl 676:678 arg1 treatment 681:689 [C2mim][Cl] treatment 669:689 [C2mim][Cl] treatment 669:689 Under the polarized light, we confirmed that crystalline cellulose in compression wood is amorphized by [C2mim][Cl] treatment whereas it changes slightly by [EtPy][Br] treatment. 27426470 2 11 theme ionic 545:549 arg1 liquids 551:557 ionic liquids 545:557 ionic liquids used 545:562 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 2 12 from types 536:540 arg1 different 519:527 different 519:527 different 519:527 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 6 13 theme valuable 1098:1105 arg1 chemicals 1107:1115 valuable chemicals 1098:1115 valuable chemicals 1098:1115 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 1 14 dep [EtPy 392:396 arg1 [Br 398:400 [Br 398:400 [Br 398:400 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 0 15 theme Japanese 105:112 arg1 cedar 114:118 Japanese cedar 105:118 Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 105:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 0 15 theme Japanese 105:112 arg1 japonica 133:140 Cryptomeria japonica 121:140 Cryptomeria japonica 121:140 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 4 16 theme [C2mim 785:790 arg1 [Cl 792:794 [C2mim][Cl] 785:795 [C2mim][Cl] 785:795 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 2 17 theme ionic 471:475 arg1 liquids 477:483 both ionic liquids 466:483 both ionic liquids 466:483 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 1 18 theme topochemical 166:177 arg1 changes 179:185 The morphological and topochemical changes 144:185 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 144:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 2 19 theme wood 435:438 arg1 tracheids 440:448 Compression wood tracheids 423:448 Compression wood tracheids 423:448 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 6 20 theme biomass 1079:1085 arg1 treatment 1060:1068 ionic liquid treatment 1047:1068 ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass 1047:1085 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 5 21 theme morphological 984:996 arg1 regions 998:1004 the morphological regions 980:1004 the morphological regions 980:1004 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 6 22 theme other 1154:1158 arg1 products 1160:1167 other products 1154:1167 other products 1154:1167 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 6 23 theme woody 1073:1077 arg1 biomass 1079:1085 woody biomass 1073:1085 woody biomass 1073:1085 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 1 24 dep cedar 235:239 arg1 treated 269:275 treated 269:275 treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 269:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 0 25 theme liquid 16:21 arg1 treatment 23:31 ionic liquid treatment 10:31 ionic liquid treatment 10:31 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 3 26 theme [Br 728:730 arg1 treatment 733:741 [EtPy][Br] treatment 722:741 [EtPy][Br] treatment 722:741 Under the polarized light, we confirmed that crystalline cellulose in compression wood is amorphized by [C2mim][Cl] treatment whereas it changes slightly by [EtPy][Br] treatment. 27426470 4 27 theme [EtPy 868:872 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 1 28 theme wood 190:193 arg1 tissues 195:201 wood tissues 190:201 wood tissues 190:201 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 0 29 theme ionic 10:14 arg1 treatment 23:31 ionic liquid treatment 10:31 ionic liquid treatment 10:31 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 4 30 theme whereas 860:866 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 6 31 theme treatment 1060:1068 arg1 use 1040:1042 the use 1036:1042 the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products 1036:1167 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 4 32 theme [Br 874:876 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 0 33 from features 73:80 arg1 cedar 114:118 Japanese cedar 105:118 Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 105:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 0 33 from features 73:80 arg1 japonica 133:140 Cryptomeria japonica 121:140 Cryptomeria japonica 121:140 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 4 34 theme microscopic 750:760 arg1 analyses 762:769 Raman microscopic analyses 744:769 Raman microscopic analyses 744:769 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 0 35 theme treatment 23:31 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 0:142 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 0 36 theme Cryptomeria 121:131 arg1 cedar 114:118 Japanese cedar 105:118 Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 105:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 0 36 theme Cryptomeria 121:131 arg1 japonica 133:140 Cryptomeria japonica 121:140 Cryptomeria japonica 121:140 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 1 37 theme 1-ethylpyridinium 365:381 arg1 [EtPy 392:396 [EtPy 392:396 [EtPy 392:396 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 37 theme 1-ethylpyridinium 365:381 arg1 bromide 383:389 1-ethylpyridinium bromide 365:389 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 365:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 37 theme 1-ethylpyridinium 365:381 arg1 types 286:290 two types 282:290 two types of ionic liquids 282:307 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 2 38 from different 519:527 arg1 types 536:540 the types 532:540 the types of ionic liquids used 532:562 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 1 39 theme compression 206:216 arg1 wood 218:221 compression wood 206:221 compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 206:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 0 40 theme ultrastructural 40:54 arg1 features 73:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features 36:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 36:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 4 41 theme liquefy 879:885 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 3 42 from cellulose 622:630 arg1 wood 647:650 compression wood 635:650 compression wood 635:650 Under the polarized light, we confirmed that crystalline cellulose in compression wood is amorphized by [C2mim][Cl] treatment whereas it changes slightly by [EtPy][Br] treatment. 27426470 6 43 theme liquid 1053:1058 arg1 treatment 1060:1068 ionic liquid treatment 1047:1068 ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass 1047:1085 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 2 44 theme swelling 495:502 arg1 behaviors 504:512 their swelling behaviors 489:512 their swelling behaviors 489:512 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 1 45 theme ionic 295:299 arg1 liquids 301:307 ionic liquids 295:307 ionic liquids 295:307 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 6 46 theme ionic 1047:1051 arg1 treatment 1060:1068 ionic liquid treatment 1047:1068 ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass 1047:1085 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 1 47 theme liquids 301:307 arg1 chloride 338:345 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 310:345 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) 310:359 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 47 theme liquids 301:307 arg1 bromide 383:389 1-ethylpyridinium bromide 365:389 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 365:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 47 theme liquids 301:307 arg1 types 286:290 two types 282:290 two types of ionic liquids 282:307 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 4 48 theme wood 855:858 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 3 49 theme compression 635:645 arg1 wood 647:650 compression wood 635:650 compression wood 635:650 Under the polarized light, we confirmed that crystalline cellulose in compression wood is amorphized by [C2mim][Cl] treatment whereas it changes slightly by [EtPy][Br] treatment. 27426470 3 50 theme polarized 575:583 arg1 light 585:589 the polarized light 571:589 the polarized light 571:589 Under the polarized light, we confirmed that crystalline cellulose in compression wood is amorphized by [C2mim][Cl] treatment whereas it changes slightly by [EtPy][Br] treatment. 27426470 4 51 theme Raman 744:748 arg1 analyses 762:769 Raman microscopic analyses 744:769 Raman microscopic analyses 744:769 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 4 52 theme compression 843:853 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 3 53 theme crystalline 610:620 arg1 cellulose 622:630 crystalline cellulose 610:630 crystalline cellulose in compression wood 610:650 Under the polarized light, we confirmed that crystalline cellulose in compression wood is amorphized by [C2mim][Cl] treatment whereas it changes slightly by [EtPy][Br] treatment. 27426470 1 54 from changes 179:185 arg1 tissues 195:201 wood tissues 190:201 wood tissues 190:201 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 54 from changes 179:185 arg1 wood 218:221 compression wood 206:221 compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 206:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 0 55 theme topochemical 60:71 arg1 features 73:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features 36:80 the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) 36:141 Effect of ionic liquid treatment on the ultrastructural and topochemical features of compression wood in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). 27426470 4 56 from polysaccharides 824:838 arg1 lignin 887:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin 843:892 Raman microscopic analyses revealed that [C2mim][Cl] can preferentially liquefy polysaccharides in compression wood whereas [EtPy][Br] liquefy lignin. 27426470 5 57 theme compression 927:937 arg1 wood 939:942 compression wood 927:942 compression wood 927:942 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 1 58 theme Japanese 226:233 arg1 cedar 235:239 Japanese cedar 226:239 Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 226:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 1 58 theme Japanese 226:233 arg1 japonica 254:261 Cryptomeria japonica 242:261 Cryptomeria japonica 242:261 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 2 59 theme Compression 423:433 arg1 tracheids 440:448 Compression wood tracheids 423:448 Compression wood tracheids 423:448 Compression wood tracheids were swollen by both ionic liquids but their swelling behaviors were different in the types of ionic liquids used. 27426470 5 60 theme wood 939:942 arg1 interaction 912:922 the interaction 908:922 the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids 908:961 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 5 60 theme wood 939:942 arg1 different 966:974 different 966:974 different 966:974 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 1 61 dep [C2mim 348:353 arg1 [Cl 355:357 [Cl 355:357 [Cl 355:357 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27426470 6 62 theme bio-based 1129:1137 arg1 composites 1139:1148 bio-based composites 1129:1148 bio-based composites 1129:1148 These results will assist in the use of ionic liquid treatment of woody biomass to produce valuable chemicals, bio-fuels, bio-based composites and other products. 27426470 5 63 with interaction 912:922 arg1 liquids 955:961 ionic liquids 949:961 ionic liquids 949:961 In addition, the interaction of compression wood with ionic liquids is different for the morphological regions. 27426470 1 64 theme cedar 235:239 arg1 wood 218:221 compression wood 206:221 compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) 206:402 The morphological and topochemical changes in wood tissues in compression wood of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) upon treated with two types of ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]) and 1-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EtPy][Br]) were investigated. 27182661 0 0 theme clinical 84:91 arg1 strain 93:98 a clinical strain 82:98 a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae 82:123 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 4 1 theme biofilm 531:537 arg1 matrices 539:546 biofilm matrices 531:546 biofilm matrices 531:546 Nevertheless, little information is available on the polysaccharides produced in biofilm matrices by Klebsiella spp. 27182661 7 2 theme 2D 1033:1034 arg1 spectroscopy 1040:1051 2D NMR spectroscopy 1033:1051 2D NMR spectroscopy 1033:1051 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 1 3 theme opportunistic 166:178 arg1 pneumoniae 137:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae 126:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae 126:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 1 3 theme opportunistic 166:178 arg1 pathogens 180:188 Gram negative opportunistic pathogens 152:188 Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides 152:227 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 5 4 theme floating 772:779 arg1 flocs 791:795 flocs 791:795 flocs 791:795 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 5 4 theme floating 772:779 arg1 biofilms 781:788 floating biofilms 772:788 floating biofilms (flocs) 772:796 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 5 5 theme agar 684:687 arg1 plates 689:694 agar plates 684:694 agar plates 684:694 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 5 6 theme pneumoniae 622:631 arg1 isolate 600:606 a clinical isolate 589:606 a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae 589:631 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 7 7 contain has 1113:1115 arg2 structure 1131:1139 the following structure 1117:1139 the following structure 1117:1139 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 7 7 contain has 1113:1115 arg1 polysaccharide 1071:1084 the polysaccharide 1067:1084 the polysaccharide 1067:1084 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 5 8 theme liquid 741:746 arg1 medium 748:753 liquid medium 741:753 liquid medium 741:753 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 7 9 theme Composition 954:964 arg1 analysis 978:985 Composition and linkage analysis 954:985 analysis 978:985 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 0 10 theme pneumoniae 114:123 arg1 strain 93:98 a clinical strain 82:98 a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae 82:123 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 0 11 theme Klebsiella 103:112 arg1 pneumoniae 114:123 Klebsiella pneumoniae 103:123 Klebsiella pneumoniae 103:123 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 6 12 theme carbohydrate 884:895 arg1 polymer 897:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 5 13 theme cellulose 651:659 arg1 membranes 661:669 cellulose membranes 651:669 cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm 651:731 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 5 14 theme clinical 591:598 arg1 isolate 600:606 a clinical isolate 589:606 a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae 589:631 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 1 15 theme capsular 200:207 arg1 polysaccharides 213:227 capsular (K) polysaccharides 200:227 capsular (K) polysaccharides 200:227 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 1 15 theme capsular 200:207 arg1 K 210:210 K 210:210 K 210:210 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 6 16 theme main 879:882 arg1 polymer 897:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 0 17 attach isolated 47:54 arg2 polysaccharide 32:45 the polysaccharide 28:45 the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms 28:68 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 0 17 attach isolated 47:54 arg1 biofilms 61:68 biofilms 61:68 biofilms 61:68 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 6 18 from biofilms 934:941 arg1 present 909:915 present 909:915 present 909:915 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 0 19 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 determination 11:23 Structural determination 0:23 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms 0:68 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 6 20 theme fraction 849:856 arg1 Extraction 799:808 Extraction 799:808 Extraction 799:808 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 20 theme fraction 849:856 arg1 purification 814:825 purification 814:825 purification 814:825 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 3 21 theme relevant 394:401 arg1 role 403:406 a relevant role 392:406 a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities 392:447 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 5 22 theme adherent 716:723 arg1 biofilm 725:731 an adherent biofilm 713:731 an adherent biofilm 713:731 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 5 23 theme Klebsiella 611:620 arg1 pneumoniae 622:631 Klebsiella pneumoniae 611:631 Klebsiella pneumoniae 611:631 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 7 24 theme linkage 970:976 arg1 analysis 978:985 Composition and linkage analysis 954:985 analysis 978:985 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 2 25 theme K 312:312 arg1 serotyping 314:323 K serotyping 312:323 K serotyping 312:323 Seventy-seven different K antigens have been described and they are the basis for K serotyping. 27182661 3 26 theme biofilm 429:435 arg1 communities 437:447 biofilm communities 429:447 biofilm communities 429:447 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 6 27 located present 909:915 arg1 flocs 947:951 flocs 947:951 flocs 947:951 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 27 located present 909:915 arg1 biofilms 934:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 27 located present 909:915 arg2 polymer 897:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 28 attach present 909:915 arg1 flocs 947:951 flocs 947:951 flocs 947:951 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 28 attach present 909:915 arg1 biofilms 934:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 28 attach present 909:915 arg2 polymer 897:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 only one main carbohydrate polymer 870:903 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 0 29 theme polysaccharide 32:45 arg1 determination 11:23 Structural determination 0:23 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms 0:68 Structural determination of the polysaccharide isolated from biofilms produced by a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27182661 3 30 theme communities 437:447 arg1 structure 416:424 the structure 412:424 the structure of biofilm communities 412:447 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 5 31 theme present 574:580 arg1 study 582:586 the present study 570:586 the present study 570:586 In the present study, a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown both on cellulose membranes deposited on agar plates, where it formed an adherent biofilm, and in liquid medium, where it formed floating biofilms (flocs). 27182661 7 32 theme following 1121:1129 arg1 structure 1131:1139 the following structure 1117:1139 the following structure 1117:1139 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 7 33 theme NMR 1036:1038 arg1 spectroscopy 1040:1051 2D NMR spectroscopy 1033:1051 2D NMR spectroscopy 1033:1051 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 6 34 from present 909:915 arg1 flocs 947:951 flocs 947:951 flocs 947:951 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 6 34 from present 909:915 arg1 biofilms 934:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 2 35 theme K 254:254 arg1 antigens 256:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens 230:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens 230:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens have been described and they are the basis for K serotyping. 27182661 7 36 theme Smith 988:992 arg1 degradation 994:1004 Smith degradation 988:1004 Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS 988:1023 Composition and linkage analysis, Smith degradation followed by ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the polysaccharide belong to the type K24 and has the following structure. 27182661 3 37 theme Capsular 326:333 arg1 polysaccharides 335:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 3 37 theme Capsular 326:333 arg1 factors 375:381 important virulence factors 355:381 important virulence factors 355:381 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 2 38 theme Seventy-seven 230:242 arg1 antigens 256:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens 230:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens 230:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens have been described and they are the basis for K serotyping. 27182661 2 39 theme different 244:252 arg1 antigens 256:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens 230:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens 230:263 Seventy-seven different K antigens have been described and they are the basis for K serotyping. 27182661 6 40 theme polysaccharide 834:847 arg1 fraction 849:856 the polysaccharide fraction 830:856 the polysaccharide fraction 830:856 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 3 41 contain have 387:390 arg1 polysaccharides 335:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 3 41 contain have 387:390 arg1 factors 375:381 important virulence factors 355:381 important virulence factors 355:381 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 3 41 contain have 387:390 arg2 role 403:406 a relevant role 392:406 a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities 392:447 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 6 42 from flocs 947:951 arg1 present 909:915 present 909:915 present 909:915 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 4 43 theme little 464:469 arg1 information 471:481 little information 464:481 little information 464:481 Nevertheless, little information is available on the polysaccharides produced in biofilm matrices by Klebsiella spp. 27182661 3 44 theme important 355:363 arg1 polysaccharides 335:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 3 44 theme important 355:363 arg1 factors 375:381 important virulence factors 355:381 important virulence factors 355:381 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 1 45 theme Gram 152:155 arg1 pneumoniae 137:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae 126:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae 126:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 1 45 theme Gram 152:155 arg1 pathogens 180:188 Gram negative opportunistic pathogens 152:188 Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides 152:227 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 3 46 theme virulence 365:373 arg1 polysaccharides 335:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides 326:349 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 3 46 theme virulence 365:373 arg1 factors 375:381 important virulence factors 355:381 important virulence factors 355:381 Capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors and have a relevant role for the structure of biofilm communities. 27182661 6 47 theme adherent 925:932 arg1 biofilms 934:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 adherent biofilms 925:941 Extraction and purification of the polysaccharide fraction showed that only one main carbohydrate polymer was present in both adherent biofilms and flocs. 27182661 1 48 theme negative 157:164 arg1 pneumoniae 137:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae 126:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae 126:146 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 27182661 1 48 theme negative 157:164 arg1 pathogens 180:188 Gram negative opportunistic pathogens 152:188 Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides 152:227 Klebsiella pneumoniae are Gram negative opportunistic pathogens producing capsular (K) polysaccharides. 26572347 1 0 theme graded 156:161 arg1 technique 185:193 a graded ethanol precipitation technique 154:193 a graded ethanol precipitation technique 154:193 In the present study, a graded ethanol precipitation technique was employed to obtain hemicelluloses from the alkali-extracted corncob liquid. 26572347 5 1 theme ethanol 1286:1292 arg1 concentration 1294:1306 the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration 1272:1306 the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration 1272:1306 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 0 2 theme ethanol 86:92 arg1 precipitation 94:106 graded ethanol precipitation 79:106 graded ethanol precipitation 79:106 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 3 3 theme ethanol 768:774 arg1 precipitation 790:802 the different ethanol concentration precipitation 754:802 the different ethanol concentration precipitation 754:802 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 1 4 theme ethanol 163:169 arg1 technique 185:193 a graded ethanol precipitation technique 154:193 a graded ethanol precipitation technique 154:193 In the present study, a graded ethanol precipitation technique was employed to obtain hemicelluloses from the alkali-extracted corncob liquid. 26572347 0 5 theme furfural 111:118 arg1 production 120:129 furfural production 111:129 furfural production 111:129 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 3 6 theme concentration 776:788 arg1 precipitation 790:802 the different ethanol concentration precipitation 754:802 the different ethanol concentration precipitation 754:802 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 4 7 theme branch 991:996 arg1 degree 998:1003 lower branch degree 985:1003 lower branch degree 985:1003 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 5 8 theme conversion 1137:1146 arg1 efficiency 1148:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency 1126:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% 1126:1167 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 3 9 theme drying 624:629 arg1 way 631:633 the drying way 620:633 the drying way 620:633 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 4 10 with hemicelluloses 942:955 arg1 crystallinity 1032:1044 crystallinity 1032:1044 crystallinity 1032:1044 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 4 10 with hemicelluloses 942:955 arg1 degree 998:1003 lower branch degree 985:1003 lower branch degree 985:1003 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 4 10 with hemicelluloses 942:955 arg1 polydispersity 1013:1026 higher polydispersity 1006:1026 higher polydispersity 1006:1026 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 4 10 with hemicelluloses 942:955 arg1 content 976:982 higher xylose content 962:982 higher xylose content 962:982 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 3 11 theme thermal 819:825 arg1 property 827:834 the thermal property 815:834 the thermal property 815:834 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 4 12 theme lower 985:989 arg1 degree 998:1003 lower branch degree 985:1003 lower branch degree 985:1003 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 3 13 theme 4-O-methylglucurono 585:603 arg1 -D-xylans 605:613 L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans 574:613 L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans 574:613 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 14 theme L-arabino- 574:583 arg1 -D-xylans 605:613 L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans 574:613 L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans 574:613 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 2 15 theme structural 304:313 arg1 characteristics 315:329 the structural characteristics 300:329 the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 300:370 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 1 16 theme precipitation 171:183 arg1 technique 185:193 a graded ethanol precipitation technique 154:193 a graded ethanol precipitation technique 154:193 In the present study, a graded ethanol precipitation technique was employed to obtain hemicelluloses from the alkali-extracted corncob liquid. 26572347 4 17 theme xylose 969:974 arg1 content 976:982 higher xylose content 962:982 higher xylose content 962:982 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 5 18 theme % 1119:1119 arg1 yield 1105:1109 A highest furfural yield 1086:1109 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1086:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 5 19 theme % 1206:1206 arg1 selectivity 1186:1196 the furfural selectivity 1173:1196 the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1173:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 5 19 theme % 1206:1206 arg1 efficiency 1148:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency 1126:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% 1126:1167 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 5 20 theme oven-dried 1230:1239 arg1 hemicelluloses 1241:1254 the oven-dried hemicelluloses 1226:1254 the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration 1226:1306 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 3 21 theme amorphous 841:849 arg1 structure 851:859 the amorphous structure 837:859 the amorphous structure 837:859 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 4 22 theme higher 962:967 arg1 content 976:982 higher xylose content 962:982 higher xylose content 962:982 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 2 23 theme hemicelluloses 357:370 arg1 characteristics 315:329 the structural characteristics 300:329 the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 300:370 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 2 23 theme hemicelluloses 357:370 arg1 production 380:389 the production 376:389 the production of furfural 376:401 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 2 24 theme heterogeneous 425:437 arg1 process 439:445 a heterogeneous process 423:445 a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system 423:466 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 0 25 theme characteristics 21:35 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob 0:46 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 3 26 contain had 635:637 arg1 way 631:633 the drying way 620:633 the drying way 620:633 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 26 contain had 635:637 arg2 influence 644:652 less influence 639:652 less influence 639:652 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 4 27 theme alkali-soluble 919:932 arg1 hemicelluloses 942:955 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 919:955 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity 919:1044 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 2 28 theme corncob 349:355 arg1 hemicelluloses 357:370 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 334:370 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 334:370 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 0 29 theme structural 10:19 arg1 characteristics 21:35 structural characteristics 10:35 structural characteristics of corncob 10:46 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 5 30 theme furfural 1096:1103 arg1 yield 1105:1109 A highest furfural yield 1086:1109 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1086:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 2 31 theme alkali-soluble 334:347 arg1 hemicelluloses 357:370 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 334:370 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 334:370 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 5 32 theme highest 1088:1094 arg1 yield 1105:1109 A highest furfural yield 1086:1109 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1086:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 0 33 theme corncob 40:46 arg1 characteristics 21:35 structural characteristics 10:35 structural characteristics of corncob 10:46 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 5 34 dep % 1278:1278 arg1 v/v 1281:1283 v/v 1281:1283 v/v 1281:1283 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 3 35 theme hemicelluloses 727:740 arg1 composition 667:677 the sugar composition 657:677 the sugar composition 657:677 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 35 theme hemicelluloses 727:740 arg1 groups 717:722 the functional groups 702:722 the functional groups 702:722 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 35 theme hemicelluloses 727:740 arg1 hemicelluloses 727:740 hemicelluloses 727:740 hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation 727:802 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 35 theme hemicelluloses 727:740 arg1 ability 869:875 the ability 865:875 the ability for the furfural production 865:903 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 35 theme hemicelluloses 727:740 arg1 weights 690:696 molecular weights 680:696 molecular weights 680:696 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 35 theme hemicelluloses 727:740 arg1 structure 851:859 the amorphous structure 837:859 the amorphous structure 837:859 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 36 theme alkali-soluble 489:502 arg1 corncob 504:510 alkali-soluble corncob 489:510 alkali-soluble corncob 489:510 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 37 theme functional 706:715 arg1 hemicelluloses 727:740 hemicelluloses 727:740 hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation 727:802 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 37 theme functional 706:715 arg1 groups 717:722 the functional groups 702:722 the functional groups 702:722 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 0 38 dep hemicelluloses 48:61 arg1 fractionated 63:74 fractionated 63:74 hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production 48:129 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 2 39 from process 439:445 arg1 system 461:466 a biphasic system 450:466 a biphasic system 450:466 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 2 40 theme biphasic 452:459 arg1 system 461:466 a biphasic system 450:466 a biphasic system 450:466 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 4 41 theme furfural 1065:1072 arg1 production 1074:1083 the furfural production 1061:1083 the furfural production 1061:1083 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 4 42 theme corncob 934:940 arg1 hemicelluloses 942:955 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 919:955 alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity 919:1044 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 2 43 theme furfural 394:401 arg1 characteristics 315:329 the structural characteristics 300:329 the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses 300:370 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 2 43 theme furfural 394:401 arg1 production 380:389 the production 376:389 the production of furfural 376:401 The relationship between the structural characteristics of alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses and the production of furfural was investigated by a heterogeneous process in a biphasic system. 26572347 3 44 theme sugar 661:665 arg1 composition 667:677 the sugar composition 657:677 the sugar composition 657:677 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 5 45 theme 30 1276:1277 arg1 % 1278:1278 % 1278:1278 % 1278:1278 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 3 46 theme different 758:766 arg1 precipitation 790:802 the different ethanol concentration precipitation 754:802 the different ethanol concentration precipitation 754:802 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 3 47 dep hemicelluloses 512:525 arg1 consisted 534:542 consisted 534:542 hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans 512:613 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 5 48 theme xylose 1130:1135 arg1 efficiency 1148:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency 1126:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% 1126:1167 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 1 49 theme present 139:145 arg1 study 147:151 the present study 135:151 the present study 135:151 In the present study, a graded ethanol precipitation technique was employed to obtain hemicelluloses from the alkali-extracted corncob liquid. 26572347 4 50 theme higher 1006:1011 arg1 polydispersity 1013:1026 higher polydispersity 1006:1026 higher polydispersity 1006:1026 Furthermore, alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses with higher xylose content, lower branch degree, higher polydispersity and crystallinity contributed to the furfural production. 26572347 5 51 theme % 1167:1167 arg1 selectivity 1186:1196 the furfural selectivity 1173:1196 the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1173:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 5 51 theme % 1167:1167 arg1 efficiency 1148:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency 1126:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% 1126:1167 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 5 52 theme furfural 1177:1184 arg1 selectivity 1186:1196 the furfural selectivity 1173:1196 the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1173:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 1 53 theme alkali-extracted 242:257 arg1 corncob 259:265 the alkali-extracted corncob liquid 238:272 the alkali-extracted corncob liquid 238:272 In the present study, a graded ethanol precipitation technique was employed to obtain hemicelluloses from the alkali-extracted corncob liquid. 26572347 0 54 theme graded 79:84 arg1 precipitation 94:106 graded ethanol precipitation 79:106 graded ethanol precipitation 79:106 Effect of structural characteristics of corncob hemicelluloses fractionated by graded ethanol precipitation on furfural production. 26572347 3 55 theme molecular 680:688 arg1 weights 690:696 molecular weights 680:696 molecular weights 680:696 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 5 56 theme % 1278:1278 arg1 concentration 1294:1306 the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration 1272:1306 the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration 1272:1306 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 3 57 theme furfural 885:892 arg1 production 894:903 the furfural production 881:903 the furfural production 881:903 Results showed that alkali-soluble corncob hemicelluloses mainly consisted of glucuronoarabinoxylans and L-arabino-(4-O-methylglucurono)-D-xylans, and the drying way had less influence on the sugar composition, molecular weights and the functional groups of hemicelluloses obtained by the different ethanol concentration precipitation except for the thermal property, the amorphous structure and the ability for the furfural production. 26572347 5 58 with % 1119:1119 arg1 selectivity 1186:1196 the furfural selectivity 1173:1196 the furfural selectivity of 45.84% 1173:1206 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 5 58 with % 1119:1119 arg1 efficiency 1148:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency 1126:1157 the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% 1126:1167 A highest furfural yield of 45.41% with the xylose conversion efficiency of 99.06% and the furfural selectivity of 45.84% was obtained from the oven-dried hemicelluloses precipitated at the 30% (v/v) ethanol concentration. 26572347 1 59 theme liquid 267:272 arg1 corncob 259:265 the alkali-extracted corncob liquid 238:272 the alkali-extracted corncob liquid 238:272 In the present study, a graded ethanol precipitation technique was employed to obtain hemicelluloses from the alkali-extracted corncob liquid. 28619642 7 0 theme FGF- 1248:1251 arg1 manner 1297:1302 a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner 1246:1302 a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner 1246:1302 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 6 1 theme higher 1029:1034 arg1 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 6 1 theme higher 1029:1034 arg1 degree 1036:1041 a higher degree 1027:1041 a higher degree of sulfation 1027:1054 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 5 2 theme residues 918:925 arg1 positions 884:892 different positions 874:892 different positions of galactose and fucose residues 874:925 Our studies showed that the polysaccharides were sulfated at different positions of galactose and fucose residues. 28619642 6 3 theme APTT- 932:936 arg1 results 976:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 5 4 theme fucose 911:916 arg1 residues 918:925 fucose residues 911:925 fucose residues 911:925 Our studies showed that the polysaccharides were sulfated at different positions of galactose and fucose residues. 28619642 2 5 theme low 344:346 arg1 fragments 365:373 Three low molecular weight fragments 338:373 Three low molecular weight fragments 338:373 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 4 6 theme activation 757:766 arg1 -2 720:721 -2 720:721 -2 720:721 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 4 6 theme activation 757:766 arg1 activities 768:777 -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities 736:777 -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities 736:777 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 6 7 theme molecular 1006:1014 arg1 weight 1016:1021 a high molecular weight 999:1021 a high molecular weight 999:1021 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 6 7 theme molecular 1006:1014 arg1 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 0 8 theme sulfation-dependent 94:112 arg1 anticoagulant 114:126 sulfation-dependent anticoagulant 94:126 sulfation-dependent anticoagulant 94:126 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 8 theme sulfation-dependent 94:112 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 9 from costata 64:70 arg1 weight 83:88 Molecular weight 73:88 Molecular weight 73:88 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 9 from costata 64:70 arg1 anticoagulant 114:126 sulfation-dependent anticoagulant 94:126 sulfation-dependent anticoagulant 94:126 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 9 from costata 64:70 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 9 from costata 64:70 arg1 fragments 40:48 their depolymerized fragments 20:48 their depolymerized fragments 20:48 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 1 10 theme polysaccharide 312:325 arg1 fractions 327:335 three polysaccharide fractions 306:335 three polysaccharide fractions 306:335 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata were extracted by hot water and further fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three polysaccharide fractions. 28619642 0 11 theme FGF/FGFR 132:139 arg1 activities 159:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 3 12 theme molecular 535:543 arg1 fragments 552:560 their low molecular weight fragments 525:560 their low molecular weight fragments 525:560 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 4 13 from FGF-1 713:717 arg1 cells 787:791 BaF3 cells 782:791 BaF3 cells 782:791 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 2 14 theme ascorbic 459:466 arg1 acid 468:471 ascorbic acid 459:471 ascorbic acid 459:471 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 6 15 theme high 1001:1004 arg1 weight 1016:1021 a high molecular weight 999:1021 a high molecular weight 999:1021 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 6 15 theme high 1001:1004 arg1 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 8 16 theme potential 1361:1369 arg1 use 1371:1373 the potential use 1357:1373 the potential use of the polysaccharides 1357:1396 The results presented in current study demonstrated the potential use of the polysaccharides and their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators. 28619642 3 17 theme polysaccharides 505:519 arg1 features 489:496 The structural features 474:496 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments 474:560 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 7 18 theme FGF/FGFR 1205:1212 arg1 activities 1232:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 4 19 theme signaling 747:755 arg1 -2 720:721 -2 720:721 -2 720:721 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 4 19 theme signaling 747:755 arg1 activities 768:777 -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities 736:777 -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities 736:777 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 4 20 from anticoagulant 695:707 arg1 cells 787:791 BaF3 cells 782:791 BaF3 cells 782:791 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 6 21 theme anticoagulant 1081:1093 arg1 activities 1095:1104 their anticoagulant activities 1075:1104 their anticoagulant activities 1075:1104 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 7 22 theme signal 1214:1219 arg1 activities 1232:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 3 23 dep HGPC 610:613 arg1 the 606:608 the 606:608 the 606:608 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 5 24 theme different 874:882 arg1 positions 884:892 different positions 874:892 different positions of galactose and fucose residues 874:925 Our studies showed that the polysaccharides were sulfated at different positions of galactose and fucose residues. 28619642 4 25 theme -10/FGFR1c 736:745 arg1 -2 720:721 -2 720:721 -2 720:721 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 4 25 theme -10/FGFR1c 736:745 arg1 activities 768:777 -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities 736:777 -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities 736:777 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 4 26 theme BaF3 782:785 arg1 cells 787:791 BaF3 cells 782:791 BaF3 cells 782:791 Their anticoagulant and FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9, -10/FGFR1c signaling activation activities in BaF3 cells were also examined. 28619642 2 27 theme hydrogen 437:444 arg1 peroxide 446:453 hydrogen peroxide 437:453 hydrogen peroxide 437:453 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 0 28 theme depolymerized 26:38 arg1 fragments 40:48 their depolymerized fragments 20:48 their depolymerized fragments 20:48 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 29 theme activating 148:157 arg1 activities 159:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 2 30 theme weight 358:363 arg1 fragments 365:373 Three low molecular weight fragments 338:373 Three low molecular weight fragments 338:373 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 1 31 theme hot 233:235 arg1 water 237:241 hot water 233:241 hot water 233:241 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata were extracted by hot water and further fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three polysaccharide fractions. 28619642 7 32 theme significant 1193:1203 arg1 activities 1232:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 0 33 theme signal 141:146 arg1 activities 159:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 2 34 theme molecular 348:356 arg1 fragments 365:373 Three low molecular weight fragments 338:373 Three low molecular weight fragments 338:373 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 3 35 theme first 586:590 arg1 time 592:595 the first time 582:595 the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses 582:686 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 7 36 theme depolymerized 1162:1174 arg1 fragments 1176:1184 the depolymerized fragments 1158:1184 not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments 1120:1184 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 7 37 theme activating 1221:1230 arg1 activities 1232:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 1193:1241 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 7 38 theme sulfation-dependent 1277:1295 arg1 manner 1297:1302 a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner 1246:1302 a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner 1246:1302 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 8 39 theme signal 1444:1449 arg1 regulators 1451:1460 FGF signal regulators 1440:1460 FGF signal regulators 1440:1460 The results presented in current study demonstrated the potential use of the polysaccharides and their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators. 28619642 5 40 theme galactose 897:905 arg1 positions 884:892 different positions 874:892 different positions of galactose and fucose residues 874:925 Our studies showed that the polysaccharides were sulfated at different positions of galactose and fucose residues. 28619642 3 41 theme structural 478:487 arg1 features 489:496 The structural features 474:496 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments 474:560 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 6 42 theme assay 970:974 arg1 results 976:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 3 43 theme chemical 670:677 arg1 analyses 679:686 other chemical analyses 664:686 other chemical analyses 664:686 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 3 44 theme monosaccharide 632:645 arg1 composition 647:657 monosaccharide composition 632:657 monosaccharide composition 632:657 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 6 45 theme sulfation 1046:1054 arg1 weight 1016:1021 a high molecular weight 999:1021 a high molecular weight 999:1021 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 6 45 theme sulfation 1046:1054 arg1 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 essential 1061:1069 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 6 45 theme sulfation 1046:1054 arg1 degree 1036:1041 a higher degree 1027:1041 a higher degree of sulfation 1027:1054 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 6 46 theme anticoagulant 956:968 arg1 results 976:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 8 47 theme polysaccharides 1382:1396 arg1 use 1371:1373 the potential use 1357:1373 the potential use of the polysaccharides 1357:1396 The results presented in current study demonstrated the potential use of the polysaccharides and their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators. 28619642 8 47 theme polysaccharides 1382:1396 arg1 fragments 1408:1416 their fragments 1402:1416 their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators 1402:1460 The results presented in current study demonstrated the potential use of the polysaccharides and their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators. 28619642 8 48 theme current 1330:1336 arg1 study 1338:1342 current study 1330:1342 current study 1330:1342 The results presented in current study demonstrated the potential use of the polysaccharides and their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators. 28619642 0 49 theme Costaria 55:62 arg1 costata 64:70 Costaria costata 55:70 Costaria costata 55:70 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 6 50 theme TT-based 947:954 arg1 results 976:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 8 51 theme FGF 1440:1442 arg1 regulators 1451:1460 FGF signal regulators 1440:1460 FGF signal regulators 1440:1460 The results presented in current study demonstrated the potential use of the polysaccharides and their fragments as anticoagulants and FGF signal regulators. 28619642 3 52 theme weight 545:550 arg1 fragments 552:560 their low molecular weight fragments 525:560 their low molecular weight fragments 525:560 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 3 53 theme other 664:668 arg1 analyses 679:686 other chemical analyses 664:686 other chemical analyses 664:686 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 3 54 theme fragments 552:560 arg1 features 489:496 The structural features 474:496 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments 474:560 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 0 55 theme Molecular 73:81 arg1 weight 83:88 Molecular weight 73:88 Molecular weight 73:88 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 55 theme Molecular 73:81 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 2 56 with polysaccharides 416:430 arg1 peroxide 446:453 hydrogen peroxide 437:453 hydrogen peroxide 437:453 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 2 56 with polysaccharides 416:430 arg1 acid 468:471 ascorbic acid 459:471 ascorbic acid 459:471 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 3 57 theme low 531:533 arg1 fragments 552:560 their low molecular weight fragments 525:560 their low molecular weight fragments 525:560 The structural features of the polysaccharides and their low molecular weight fragments were elucidated for the first time based on the HGPC, FT-IR, NMR, MS, monosaccharide composition, and other chemical analyses. 28619642 1 58 theme Crude 171:175 arg1 polysaccharides 177:191 Crude polysaccharides 171:191 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata 171:213 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata were extracted by hot water and further fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three polysaccharide fractions. 28619642 1 59 theme anion 271:275 arg1 chromatography 286:299 anion exchange chromatography 271:299 anion exchange chromatography 271:299 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata were extracted by hot water and further fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three polysaccharide fractions. 28619642 7 60 theme weight- 1264:1270 arg1 manner 1297:1302 a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner 1246:1302 a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner 1246:1302 In contrast, not only the polysaccharides but also the depolymerized fragments showed significant FGF/FGFR signal activating activities in a FGF-, molecular weight-, and sulfation-dependent manner. 28619642 6 61 theme PT- 939:941 arg1 results 976:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results 928:982 The APTT-, PT- and TT-based anticoagulant assay results indicated that a high molecular weight and a higher degree of sulfation were essential for their anticoagulant activities. 28619642 0 62 dep Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 activities 159:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 FGF/FGFR signal activating activities 132:168 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 62 dep Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 weight 83:88 Molecular weight 73:88 Molecular weight 73:88 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 62 dep Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides 0:14 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 0 62 dep Polysaccharides 0:14 arg1 anticoagulant 114:126 sulfation-dependent anticoagulant 94:126 sulfation-dependent anticoagulant 94:126 Polysaccharides and their depolymerized fragments from Costaria costata: Molecular weight and sulfation-dependent anticoagulant and FGF/FGFR signal activating activities. 28619642 1 63 from costata 207:213 arg1 polysaccharides 177:191 Crude polysaccharides 171:191 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata 171:213 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata were extracted by hot water and further fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three polysaccharide fractions. 28619642 2 64 theme polysaccharides 416:430 arg1 degradation 397:407 degradation 397:407 degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid 397:471 Three low molecular weight fragments were then prepared by degradation of the polysaccharides with hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. 28619642 1 65 theme exchange 277:284 arg1 chromatography 286:299 anion exchange chromatography 271:299 anion exchange chromatography 271:299 Crude polysaccharides from Costaria costata were extracted by hot water and further fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into three polysaccharide fractions. 26076608 2 0 theme temperature 364:374 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 0 theme temperature 364:374 arg1 69°C 376:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 0 1 theme antioxidant 84:94 arg1 activity 114:121 antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity 84:121 antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 84:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 2 2 theme extraction 353:362 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 2 theme extraction 353:362 arg1 69°C 376:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 7 3 theme mulberry 1140:1147 arg1 fractions 1171:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 0 4 theme hyperglycemic 100:112 arg1 activity 114:121 antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity 84:121 antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 84:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 7 5 from properties 1112:1121 arg1 fractions 1171:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 0 6 with fruits 72:77 arg1 activity 114:121 antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity 84:121 antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 84:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 2 7 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 7 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 190W 399:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 7 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 69°C 376:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 7 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 ratio 315:319 ratio 315:319 ratio of water to raw material 40.25 315:350 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 7 theme optimum 295:301 arg1 min 427:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 7 8 theme different 1076:1084 arg1 compositions 1086:1097 their different compositions 1070:1097 their different compositions 1070:1097 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 7 9 theme physical 1103:1110 arg1 properties 1112:1121 physical properties 1103:1121 physical properties 1103:1121 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 2 10 from % 454:454 arg1 accordance 469:478 accordance 469:478 accordance to the predicted value of 3.04% 469:510 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 6 11 theme hyperglycemic 1015:1027 arg1 activity 1029:1036 the strongest hyperglycemic activity 1001:1036 the strongest hyperglycemic activity 1001:1036 The MFP-1 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while MFP-2 showed the strongest hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 2 12 theme power 393:397 arg1 190W 399:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 12 theme power 393:397 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 13 theme MFP 436:438 arg1 yield 440:444 the MFP yield 432:444 the MFP yield 432:444 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 13 theme MFP 436:438 arg1 % 454:454 3.13% 450:454 3.13% (±0.07%) 450:463 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 6 14 theme strongest 1005:1013 arg1 activity 1029:1036 the strongest hyperglycemic activity 1001:1036 the strongest hyperglycemic activity 1001:1036 The MFP-1 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while MFP-2 showed the strongest hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 2 15 theme water 324:328 arg1 190W 399:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 15 theme water 324:328 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 15 theme water 324:328 arg1 69°C 376:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 15 theme water 324:328 arg1 ratio 315:319 ratio 315:319 ratio of water to raw material 40.25 315:350 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 15 theme water 324:328 arg1 min 427:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 16 theme ultrasonic 382:391 arg1 190W 399:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 16 theme ultrasonic 382:391 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 7 17 theme fruit 1149:1153 arg1 fractions 1171:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 3 18 dep obtained 563:570 arg1 followed 601:608 followed 601:608 followed by decolorization and deionization (MFP-2) 601:651 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions was obtained by deproteinization (MFP-1), followed by decolorization and deionization (MFP-2). 26076608 0 19 theme ultrasound 17:26 arg1 extraction 28:37 ultrasound extraction 17:37 ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 17:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 1 20 dep fruits 259:264 arg1 MFP 283:285 MFP 283:285 MFP 283:285 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 1 20 dep fruits 259:264 arg1 polysaccharides 266:280 polysaccharides 266:280 mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP) 250:286 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 2 21 dep conditions 303:312 arg1 190W 399:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 ultrasonic power 190W 382:402 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 21 dep conditions 303:312 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 21 dep conditions 303:312 arg1 69°C 376:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 extraction temperature 69°C 353:379 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 21 dep conditions 303:312 arg1 ratio 315:319 ratio 315:319 ratio of water to raw material 40.25 315:350 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 21 dep conditions 303:312 arg1 min 427:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 0 22 theme polysaccharides 42:56 arg1 extraction 28:37 ultrasound extraction 17:37 ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 17:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 4 23 theme Carbohydrate 654:665 arg1 content 667:673 Carbohydrate content 654:673 Carbohydrate content in MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 was 58.61% (±1.47%), 69.98% (±0.91%), 81.18% (±1.29%), as well as proteins 654:772 Carbohydrate content in MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 was 58.61% (±1.47%), 69.98% (±0.91%), 81.18% (±1.29%), as well as proteins was estimated 16.50% (±0.86%), 1.57% (±0.63%), 1.02% (±0.18%), respectively. 26076608 1 24 theme ultrasound-assisted 216:234 arg1 extraction 236:245 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 212:245 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP) 212:286 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 7 25 theme polysaccharides 1155:1169 arg1 fractions 1171:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 2 26 theme time 419:422 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 26 theme time 419:422 arg1 min 427:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 27 theme predicted 487:495 arg1 value 497:501 the predicted value 483:501 the predicted value of 3.04% 483:510 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 28 theme extraction 408:417 arg1 conditions 303:312 optimum conditions 295:312 optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min 295:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 2 28 theme extraction 408:417 arg1 min 427:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 extraction time 75 min 408:429 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 0 29 theme mulberry 63:70 arg1 fruits 72:77 mulberry fruits 63:77 mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 63:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 5 30 theme acidic 902:907 arg1 polysaccharides 909:923 acidic polysaccharides 902:923 acidic polysaccharides 902:923 The FT-IR indicated that MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 were acidic polysaccharides. 26076608 0 31 from fruits 72:77 arg1 polysaccharides 42:56 polysaccharides 42:56 polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 42:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 0 31 from fruits 72:77 arg1 extraction 28:37 ultrasound extraction 17:37 ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 17:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 3 32 theme fruits 526:531 arg1 fractions 549:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions 513:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions 513:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions was obtained by deproteinization (MFP-1), followed by decolorization and deionization (MFP-2). 26076608 3 33 theme polysaccharides 533:547 arg1 fractions 549:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions 513:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions 513:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions was obtained by deproteinization (MFP-1), followed by decolorization and deionization (MFP-2). 26076608 1 34 theme Single-factor 133:145 arg1 experiment 147:156 Single-factor experiment 133:156 Single-factor experiment 133:156 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 2 35 theme % 510:510 arg1 value 497:501 the predicted value 483:501 the predicted value of 3.04% 483:510 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 7 36 theme different 1130:1138 arg1 fractions 1171:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 2 37 theme raw 333:335 arg1 material 337:344 raw material 40.25 333:350 raw material 40.25 333:350 Under optimum conditions: ratio of water to raw material 40.25, extraction temperature 69°C, ultrasonic power 190W and extraction time 75 min, the MFP yield was 3.13% (±0.07%), in accordance to the predicted value of 3.04%. 26076608 4 38 from content 667:673 arg1 MFP-2 693:697 MFP-2 693:697 MFP-2 693:697 Carbohydrate content in MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 was 58.61% (±1.47%), 69.98% (±0.91%), 81.18% (±1.29%), as well as proteins was estimated 16.50% (±0.86%), 1.57% (±0.63%), 1.02% (±0.18%), respectively. 26076608 4 38 from content 667:673 arg1 MFP-1 683:687 MFP-1 683:687 MFP-1 683:687 Carbohydrate content in MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 was 58.61% (±1.47%), 69.98% (±0.91%), 81.18% (±1.29%), as well as proteins was estimated 16.50% (±0.86%), 1.57% (±0.63%), 1.02% (±0.18%), respectively. 26076608 4 38 from content 667:673 arg1 MFP 678:680 MFP 678:680 MFP 678:680 Carbohydrate content in MFP, MFP-1 and MFP-2 was 58.61% (±1.47%), 69.98% (±0.91%), 81.18% (±1.29%), as well as proteins was estimated 16.50% (±0.86%), 1.57% (±0.63%), 1.02% (±0.18%), respectively. 26076608 1 39 theme mulberry 250:257 arg1 fruits 259:264 mulberry fruits 250:264 mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP) 250:286 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 6 40 theme antioxidant 960:970 arg1 activity 972:979 the strongest antioxidant activity 946:979 the strongest antioxidant activity 946:979 The MFP-1 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while MFP-2 showed the strongest hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 7 41 from compositions 1086:1097 arg1 fractions 1171:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions 1126:1179 This may be caused by their different compositions and physical properties in the different mulberry fruit polysaccharides fractions. 26076608 1 42 theme Box-Behnken 162:172 arg1 design 174:179 Box-Behnken design 162:179 Box-Behnken design (BBD) 162:185 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 1 42 theme Box-Behnken 162:172 arg1 BBD 182:184 BBD 182:184 BBD 182:184 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 1 43 theme fruits 259:264 arg1 extraction 236:245 the ultrasound-assisted extraction 212:245 the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP) 212:286 Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were applied to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of mulberry fruits polysaccharides (MFP). 26076608 0 44 from extraction 28:37 arg1 fruits 72:77 mulberry fruits 63:77 mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro 63:130 Optimization for ultrasound extraction of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits with antioxidant and hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 6 45 theme strongest 950:958 arg1 activity 972:979 the strongest antioxidant activity 946:979 the strongest antioxidant activity 946:979 The MFP-1 exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, while MFP-2 showed the strongest hyperglycemic activity in vitro. 26076608 3 46 theme mulberry 517:524 arg1 fractions 549:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions 513:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions 513:557 The mulberry fruits polysaccharides fractions was obtained by deproteinization (MFP-1), followed by decolorization and deionization (MFP-2). 24632217 9 0 dep in 862:863 arg1 vitro 865:869 vitro 865:869 vitro 865:869 According to the results of in vitro assays, FCp-3 showed significantly and moderately enhancing capacities toward the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes respectively. 24632217 5 1 theme methylation 481:491 arg1 experiments 513:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 8 2 dep linking 818:824 arg1 →6 802:803 →6 802:803 →6 802:803 FCp-3 was a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan. 24632217 8 2 dep linking 818:824 arg1 1→ 815:816 1→ 815:816 1→ 815:816 FCp-3 was a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan. 24632217 8 2 dep linking 818:824 arg1 -α-D-Glcp 805:813 -α-D-Glcp 805:813 -α-D-Glcp 805:813 FCp-3 was a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan. 24632217 2 3 theme water-soluble 100:112 arg1 FCp-4 156:160 FCp-4 156:160 FCp-4 156:160 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 2 3 theme water-soluble 100:112 arg1 FCp-2 138:142 FCp-2 138:142 FCp-2 138:142 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 2 3 theme water-soluble 100:112 arg1 FCp-1 131:135 FCp-1 131:135 FCp-1 131:135 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 2 3 theme water-soluble 100:112 arg1 polysaccharides 114:128 Four water-soluble polysaccharides 95:128 Four water-soluble polysaccharides 95:128 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 2 3 theme water-soluble 100:112 arg1 FCp-3 145:149 FCp-3 145:149 FCp-3 145:149 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 4 4 theme molecular 365:373 arg1 weights 375:381 molecular weights 365:381 molecular weights of them 365:389 Based on the calibration curve, molecular weights of them were estimated to be 113.9, 32.6, 140.3, and 177.1 kDa respectively. 24632217 10 5 contain have 1038:1041 arg1 analogs 1026:1032 analogs 1026:1032 analogs 1026:1032 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 10 5 contain have 1038:1041 arg1 FCp-3 1017:1021 FCp-3 1017:1021 FCp-3 1017:1021 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 10 5 contain have 1038:1041 arg2 use 1051:1053 further use 1043:1053 further use 1043:1053 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 10 5 contain have 1038:1041 arg2 agents 1075:1080 immunomodulatory agents 1058:1080 immunomodulatory agents 1058:1080 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 7 6 dep differ 761:766 arg1 →4 723:724 →4 723:724 →4 723:724 FCp-2 and FCp-4 were →4)-α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan differ in molecular weights. 24632217 4 7 theme them 386:389 arg1 weights 375:381 molecular weights 365:381 molecular weights of them 365:389 Based on the calibration curve, molecular weights of them were estimated to be 113.9, 32.6, 140.3, and 177.1 kDa respectively. 24632217 7 8 theme -α-D-GalpA 726:735 arg1 galacturonan 748:759 -α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan 726:759 -α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan 726:759 FCp-2 and FCp-4 were →4)-α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan differ in molecular weights. 24632217 5 9 theme composition 539:549 arg1 analysis 551:558 composition analysis 539:558 composition analysis 539:558 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 7 10 theme molecular 771:779 arg1 weights 781:787 molecular weights 771:787 molecular weights 771:787 FCp-2 and FCp-4 were →4)-α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan differ in molecular weights. 24632217 0 11 from fruits 49:54 arg1 polysaccharides 14:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides 0:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 0:77 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 4 12 theme calibration 346:356 arg1 curve 358:362 the calibration curve 342:362 the calibration curve 342:362 Based on the calibration curve, molecular weights of them were estimated to be 113.9, 32.6, 140.3, and 177.1 kDa respectively. 24632217 3 13 theme routine 303:309 arg1 procedure 322:330 routine separation procedure 303:330 routine separation procedure 303:330 sarcodactylis) by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, followed by routine separation procedure. 24632217 9 14 theme thymocytes 986:995 arg1 proliferation 953:965 the proliferation 949:965 the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes 949:995 According to the results of in vitro assays, FCp-3 showed significantly and moderately enhancing capacities toward the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes respectively. 24632217 0 15 theme Water-soluble 0:12 arg1 polysaccharides 14:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides 0:28 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 0:77 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 5 16 theme NMR 509:511 arg1 experiments 513:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 0 17 theme finger 35:40 arg1 fruits 49:54 finger citron fruits 35:54 finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var 35:76 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 3 18 theme hot-water 243:251 arg1 extraction 253:262 hot-water extraction 243:262 hot-water extraction 243:262 sarcodactylis) by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, followed by routine separation procedure. 24632217 6 19 theme 3.0:7.0:4.1:1.0:1.5 681:699 arg1 ratio 672:676 a molar ratio 664:676 a molar ratio of 3.0:7.0:4.1:1.0:1.5 664:699 FCp-1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and xylose, with a molar ratio of 3.0:7.0:4.1:1.0:1.5. 24632217 7 20 theme linking 740:746 arg1 galacturonan 748:759 -α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan 726:759 -α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan 726:759 FCp-2 and FCp-4 were →4)-α-D-GalpA(1→ linking galacturonan differ in molecular weights. 24632217 5 21 used used 530:533 arg2 experiments 513:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 2 22 dep fruits 195:200 arg1 var 220:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 9 23 theme assays 871:876 arg1 results 851:857 the results 847:857 the results of in vitro assays 847:876 According to the results of in vitro assays, FCp-3 showed significantly and moderately enhancing capacities toward the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes respectively. 24632217 9 24 theme splenocytes 970:980 arg1 proliferation 953:965 the proliferation 949:965 the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes 949:995 According to the results of in vitro assays, FCp-3 showed significantly and moderately enhancing capacities toward the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes respectively. 24632217 2 25 theme medica 210:215 arg1 var 220:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 0 26 theme citron 42:47 arg1 fruits 49:54 finger citron fruits 35:54 finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var 35:76 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 9 27 theme in 862:863 arg1 assays 871:876 in vitro assays 862:876 in vitro assays 862:876 According to the results of in vitro assays, FCp-3 showed significantly and moderately enhancing capacities toward the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes respectively. 24632217 2 28 theme Citrus 203:208 arg1 var 220:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 0 29 theme Citrus 57:62 arg1 var 74:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 0 30 theme medica 64:69 arg1 var 74:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 0 31 dep fruits 49:54 arg1 var 74:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 5 32 theme IR 494:495 arg1 experiments 513:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 10 33 theme further 1043:1049 arg1 use 1051:1053 further use 1043:1053 further use 1043:1053 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 10 33 theme further 1043:1049 arg1 agents 1075:1080 immunomodulatory agents 1058:1080 immunomodulatory agents 1058:1080 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 2 34 theme citron 188:193 arg1 fruits 195:200 finger citron fruits 181:200 finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var 181:222 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 6 35 theme molar 666:670 arg1 ratio 672:676 a molar ratio 664:676 a molar ratio of 3.0:7.0:4.1:1.0:1.5 664:699 FCp-1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and xylose, with a molar ratio of 3.0:7.0:4.1:1.0:1.5. 24632217 2 36 theme finger 181:186 arg1 fruits 195:200 finger citron fruits 181:200 finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var 181:222 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 5 37 theme GC-MS 498:502 arg1 experiments 513:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 3 38 theme ethanol 268:274 arg1 precipitation 276:288 ethanol precipitation 268:288 ethanol precipitation 268:288 sarcodactylis) by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, followed by routine separation procedure. 24632217 5 39 theme acid 464:467 arg1 hydrolysis 469:478 acid hydrolysis 464:478 acid hydrolysis 464:478 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 8 40 theme linking 818:824 arg1 FCp-3 790:794 FCp-3 790:794 FCp-3 790:794 FCp-3 was a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan. 24632217 8 40 theme linking 818:824 arg1 glucan 826:831 a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan 800:831 a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan 800:831 FCp-3 was a →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ linking glucan. 24632217 0 41 theme L. 71:72 arg1 var 74:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Citrus medica L. var 57:76 Water-soluble polysaccharides from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 5 42 theme hydrolysis 469:478 arg1 experiments 513:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments 460:523 The acid hydrolysis, methylation, IR, GC-MS, and NMR experiments were used for composition analysis. 24632217 9 43 theme enhancing 921:929 arg1 capacities 931:940 significantly and moderately enhancing capacities 892:940 significantly and moderately enhancing capacities 892:940 According to the results of in vitro assays, FCp-3 showed significantly and moderately enhancing capacities toward the proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes respectively. 24632217 3 44 theme separation 311:320 arg1 procedure 322:330 routine separation procedure 303:330 routine separation procedure 303:330 sarcodactylis) by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, followed by routine separation procedure. 24632217 2 45 theme L. 217:218 arg1 var 220:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Citrus medica L. var 203:222 Four water-soluble polysaccharides, FCp-1, FCp-2, FCp-3, and FCp-4 were obtained from finger citron fruits (Citrus medica L. var. 24632217 10 46 theme immunomodulatory 1058:1073 arg1 use 1051:1053 further use 1043:1053 further use 1043:1053 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24632217 10 46 theme immunomodulatory 1058:1073 arg1 agents 1075:1080 immunomodulatory agents 1058:1080 immunomodulatory agents 1058:1080 Thus, FCp-3 or analogs may have further use as immunomodulatory agents. 24582595 4 0 theme microalgae 840:849 arg1 growth 830:835 KEY-FINDINGS The growth 813:835 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae 813:849 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae was higher in NTIP medium and the production of EPS was enhanced by sulphate 21mM. 24582595 6 1 theme culture 1190:1196 arg1 supplementation 1205:1219 the culture medium supplementation 1186:1219 the culture medium supplementation in sulphate 1186:1231 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 10 2 theme EPS 1681:1683 arg1 protein 1649:1655 protein 1649:1655 protein 1649:1655 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 10 2 theme EPS 1681:1683 arg1 content 1670:1676 sulphate content 1661:1676 sulphate content 1661:1676 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 1 3 theme strains 259:265 arg1 growth 245:250 the growth 241:250 the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum 241:290 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 4 4 theme KEY-FINDINGS 813:824 arg1 growth 830:835 KEY-FINDINGS The growth 813:835 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae 813:849 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae was higher in NTIP medium and the production of EPS was enhanced by sulphate 21mM. 24582595 1 5 theme different 187:195 arg1 concentrations 197:210 three different concentrations 181:210 three different concentrations of sulphate 181:222 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 2 6 theme solutions 542:550 arg1 viscosity 506:514 viscosity 506:514 viscosity 506:514 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 2 6 theme solutions 542:550 arg1 elasticity 520:529 elasticity 520:529 elasticity 520:529 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 11 7 theme relevant 1711:1718 arg1 activity 1720:1727 a relevant activity 1709:1727 a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium 1709:1784 EPS extracts presented a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium. 24582595 3 8 theme HSV 553:555 arg1 types 564:568 types 1 and 2 564:576 types 1 and 2 564:576 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 8 theme HSV 553:555 arg1 virus 557:561 HSV virus 553:561 HSV virus 553:561 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 4 9 theme EPS 899:901 arg1 production 885:894 the production 881:894 the production of EPS 881:901 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae was higher in NTIP medium and the production of EPS was enhanced by sulphate 21mM. 24582595 0 10 from properties 73:82 arg1 cruentum 127:134 Porphyridium cruentum 114:134 Porphyridium cruentum 114:134 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 7 11 theme antiviral 1297:1305 arg1 activity 1307:1314 a higher antiviral activity 1288:1314 a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain 1288:1351 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 1 12 theme sulphated 397:405 arg1 EPS 426:428 EPS 426:428 EPS 426:428 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 12 theme sulphated 397:405 arg1 exopolysaccharide 407:423 the sulphated exopolysaccharide 393:423 the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) 393:429 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 4 13 theme NTIP 865:868 arg1 medium 870:875 NTIP medium 865:875 NTIP medium 865:875 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae was higher in NTIP medium and the production of EPS was enhanced by sulphate 21mM. 24582595 11 14 theme stomatitis 1740:1749 arg1 virus 1751:1755 V. stomatitis virus 1737:1755 V. stomatitis virus 1737:1755 EPS extracts presented a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium. 24582595 1 15 from concentrations 197:210 arg1 medium 231:236 the medium 227:236 the medium 227:236 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 6 16 from carbohydrates 1138:1150 arg1 contents 1119:1126 the contents 1115:1126 the contents of EPS in carbohydrates 1115:1150 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 6 16 from carbohydrates 1138:1150 arg1 acids 1163:1167 uronic acids 1156:1167 uronic acids 1156:1167 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 7 17 attach presented 1278:1286 arg1 general 1237:1243 general 1237:1243 general 1237:1243 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 7 17 attach presented 1278:1286 arg2 EPS 1250:1252 the EPS 1246:1252 the EPS from the Spanish strain 1246:1276 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 1 18 from medium 231:236 arg1 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 18 from medium 231:236 arg1 influence 146:154 The influence 142:154 The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production 142:312 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 5 19 theme sulphate 997:1004 arg1 52mM 1006:1009 sulphate 52mM 997:1009 sulphate 52mM 997:1009 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 3 20 dep Gram-positive 718:730 arg1 aureus 748:753 Staphylococcus aureus 733:753 Staphylococcus aureus 733:753 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 21 theme Vaccinia 579:586 arg1 virus 588:592 Vaccinia virus 579:592 Vaccinia virus 579:592 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 1 22 from media 171:175 arg1 medium 231:236 the medium 227:236 the medium 227:236 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 8 23 theme V. 1406:1407 arg1 virus 1420:1424 V. stomatitis virus 1406:1424 V. stomatitis virus 1406:1424 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 6 24 from contents 1119:1126 arg1 carbohydrates 1138:1150 carbohydrates 1138:1150 carbohydrates 1138:1150 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 1 25 theme viscoelastic 331:342 arg1 characteristics 344:358 viscoelastic characteristics 331:358 viscoelastic characteristics 331:358 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 26 theme culture 163:169 arg1 media 171:175 two culture media 159:175 two culture media 159:175 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 7 27 from strain 1346:1351 arg1 EPS 1325:1327 the EPS 1321:1327 the EPS from the Israeli strain 1321:1351 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 0 28 from Influence 0:8 arg1 properties 73:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 0 28 from Influence 0:8 arg1 composition 29:39 composition 29:39 composition 29:39 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 1 29 dep AIMS 137:140 arg1 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 29 dep AIMS 137:140 arg1 influence 146:154 The influence 142:154 The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production 142:312 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 6 30 from EPS 1131:1133 arg1 carbohydrates 1138:1150 carbohydrates 1138:1150 carbohydrates 1138:1150 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 3 31 theme antimicrobial 782:794 arg1 activity 796:803 the antimicrobial activity 778:803 the antimicrobial activity of EPS 778:810 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 1 32 from influence 146:154 arg1 production 303:312 the production 299:312 the production 299:312 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 32 from influence 146:154 arg1 medium 231:236 the medium 227:236 the medium 227:236 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 32 from influence 146:154 arg1 growth 245:250 the growth 241:250 the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum 241:290 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 4 33 theme sulphate 919:926 arg1 21mM 928:931 sulphate 21mM 919:931 sulphate 21mM 919:931 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae was higher in NTIP medium and the production of EPS was enhanced by sulphate 21mM. 24582595 8 34 theme higher 1427:1432 arg1 activity 1389:1396 a strong activity 1380:1396 a strong activity 1380:1396 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 1 35 theme antimicrobial 365:377 arg1 properties 379:388 antimicrobial properties 365:388 antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) 365:429 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 5 36 theme protein 938:944 arg1 content 946:952 The protein content 934:952 The protein content of the EPS 934:963 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 7 37 from strain 1271:1276 arg1 EPS 1250:1252 the EPS 1246:1252 the EPS from the Spanish strain 1246:1276 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 3 38 dep Gram-negative 650:662 arg1 coli 677:680 Escherichia coli 665:680 Escherichia coli 665:680 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 38 dep Gram-negative 650:662 arg1 enteritidis 697:707 Salmonella enteritidis 686:707 Salmonella enteritidis 686:707 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 38 dep Gram-negative 650:662 arg1 bacteria 756:763 bacteria 756:763 bacteria 756:763 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 0 39 theme sulphate 13:20 arg1 Influence 0:8 Influence 0:8 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 0:135 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 1 40 theme cruentum 283:290 arg1 strains 259:265 two strains 255:265 two strains of Porphyridium cruentum 255:290 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 8 41 theme chemical 1459:1466 arg1 compounds 1468:1476 all chemical compounds 1455:1476 all chemical compounds tested 1455:1483 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 2 42 theme Bohlin 460:465 arg1 rheometer 471:479 A Bohlin C50 rheometer 458:479 A Bohlin C50 rheometer 458:479 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 3 43 used used 630:633 arg2 types 564:568 types 1 and 2 564:576 types 1 and 2 564:576 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 43 used used 630:633 arg2 virus 557:561 HSV virus 553:561 HSV virus 553:561 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 43 used used 630:633 arg2 virus 619:623 Vesicular stomatitis virus 598:623 Vesicular stomatitis virus 598:623 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 43 used used 630:633 arg2 virus 588:592 Vaccinia virus 579:592 Vaccinia virus 579:592 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 3 44 theme stomatitis 608:617 arg1 virus 619:623 Vesicular stomatitis virus 598:623 Vesicular stomatitis virus 598:623 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 5 45 theme EPS 1093:1095 arg1 content 1078:1084 sulphate content 1069:1084 sulphate content of the EPS 1069:1095 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 2 46 used used 485:488 arg2 rheometer 471:479 A Bohlin C50 rheometer 458:479 A Bohlin C50 rheometer 458:479 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 10 47 theme medium 1619:1624 arg1 Enrichment 1593:1602 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment 1580:1602 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate 1580:1638 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 10 48 theme sulphate 1661:1668 arg1 content 1670:1676 sulphate content 1661:1676 sulphate content 1661:1676 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 5 49 from increase 1057:1064 arg1 content 1078:1084 sulphate content 1069:1084 sulphate content of the EPS 1069:1095 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 5 50 theme EPS 961:963 arg1 content 946:952 The protein content 934:952 The protein content of the EPS 934:963 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 0 51 from cruentum 127:134 arg1 properties 73:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 0 51 from cruentum 127:134 arg1 composition 29:39 composition 29:39 composition 29:39 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 0 51 from cruentum 127:134 arg1 exopolysaccharide 91:107 the exopolysaccharide 87:107 the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum 87:134 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 6 52 theme medium 1198:1203 arg1 supplementation 1205:1219 the culture medium supplementation 1186:1219 the culture medium supplementation in sulphate 1186:1231 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 0 53 dep composition 29:39 arg1 the 25:27 the 25:27 the 25:27 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 10 54 with Enrichment 1593:1602 arg1 sulphate 1631:1638 sulphate 1631:1638 sulphate 1631:1638 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 1 55 theme media 171:175 arg1 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 55 theme media 171:175 arg1 influence 146:154 The influence 142:154 The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production 142:312 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 7 56 theme Israeli 1338:1344 arg1 strain 1346:1351 the Israeli strain 1334:1351 the Israeli strain 1334:1351 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 5 57 theme sulphate 1069:1076 arg1 content 1078:1084 sulphate content 1069:1084 sulphate content of the EPS 1069:1095 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 4 58 theme The 826:828 arg1 growth 830:835 KEY-FINDINGS The growth 813:835 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae 813:849 KEY-FINDINGS The growth of microalgae was higher in NTIP medium and the production of EPS was enhanced by sulphate 21mM. 24582595 11 59 theme V. 1737:1738 arg1 virus 1751:1755 V. stomatitis virus 1737:1755 V. stomatitis virus 1737:1755 EPS extracts presented a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium. 24582595 1 60 theme concentrations 197:210 arg1 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 60 theme concentrations 197:210 arg1 influence 146:154 The influence 142:154 The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production 142:312 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 2 61 theme EPS 538:540 arg1 solutions 542:550 the EPS solutions 534:550 the EPS solutions 534:550 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 8 62 theme EPS 1358:1360 arg1 extracts 1362:1369 All EPS extracts 1354:1369 All EPS extracts 1354:1369 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 5 63 theme 104mM 1015:1019 arg1 addition 985:992 the addition 981:992 the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM 981:1019 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 1 64 theme sulphate 215:222 arg1 media 171:175 two culture media 159:175 two culture media 159:175 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 64 theme sulphate 215:222 arg1 concentrations 197:210 three different concentrations 181:210 three different concentrations of sulphate 181:222 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 6 65 theme uronic 1156:1161 arg1 acids 1163:1167 uronic acids 1156:1167 uronic acids 1156:1167 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 11 66 theme S. 1761:1762 arg1 bacterium 1776:1784 S. enteritidis bacterium 1761:1784 S. enteritidis bacterium 1761:1784 EPS extracts presented a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium. 24582595 1 67 theme exopolysaccharide 407:423 arg1 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS 137:140 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 67 theme exopolysaccharide 407:423 arg1 composition 315:325 composition 315:325 composition 315:325 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 67 theme exopolysaccharide 407:423 arg1 characteristics 344:358 viscoelastic characteristics 331:358 viscoelastic characteristics 331:358 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 67 theme exopolysaccharide 407:423 arg1 influence 146:154 The influence 142:154 The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production 142:312 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 1 67 theme exopolysaccharide 407:423 arg1 properties 379:388 antimicrobial properties 365:388 antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) 365:429 AIMS The influence of two culture media and three different concentrations of sulphate in the medium on the growth of two strains of Porphyridium cruentum and on the production, composition and viscoelastic characteristics, and antimicrobial properties of the sulphated exopolysaccharide (EPS) were studied. 24582595 8 68 theme strong 1382:1387 arg1 activity 1389:1396 a strong activity 1380:1396 a strong activity 1380:1396 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 7 69 theme higher 1290:1295 arg1 activity 1307:1314 a higher antiviral activity 1288:1314 a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain 1288:1351 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 6 70 theme EPS 1131:1133 arg1 contents 1119:1126 the contents 1115:1126 the contents of EPS in carbohydrates 1115:1150 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 6 70 theme EPS 1131:1133 arg1 acids 1163:1167 uronic acids 1156:1167 uronic acids 1156:1167 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 6 71 from acids 1163:1167 arg1 carbohydrates 1138:1150 carbohydrates 1138:1150 carbohydrates 1138:1150 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 24582595 0 72 theme antiviral 63:71 arg1 properties 73:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 5 73 theme 52mM 1006:1009 arg1 addition 985:992 the addition 981:992 the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM 981:1019 The protein content of the EPS was enhanced by the addition of sulphate 52mM and 104mM; this concentration also induced an increase in sulphate content of the EPS. 24582595 11 74 theme EPS 1686:1688 arg1 extracts 1690:1697 EPS extracts 1686:1697 EPS extracts 1686:1697 EPS extracts presented a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium. 24582595 8 75 theme stomatitis 1409:1418 arg1 virus 1420:1424 V. stomatitis virus 1406:1424 V. stomatitis virus 1406:1424 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 7 76 theme Spanish 1263:1269 arg1 strain 1271:1276 the Spanish strain 1259:1276 the Spanish strain 1259:1276 In general, the EPS from the Spanish strain presented a higher antiviral activity than the EPS from the Israeli strain. 24582595 3 77 theme EPS 808:810 arg1 activity 796:803 the antimicrobial activity 778:803 the antimicrobial activity of EPS 778:810 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 0 78 theme exopolysaccharide 91:107 arg1 properties 73:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 0 78 theme exopolysaccharide 91:107 arg1 composition 29:39 composition 29:39 composition 29:39 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 0 79 from composition 29:39 arg1 cruentum 127:134 Porphyridium cruentum 114:134 Porphyridium cruentum 114:134 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 11 80 dep S. 1761:1762 arg1 enteritidis 1764:1774 enteritidis 1764:1774 enteritidis 1764:1774 EPS extracts presented a relevant activity against V. stomatitis virus and S. enteritidis bacterium. 24582595 2 81 dep METHODS 450:456 arg1 used 485:488 used 485:488 was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions 481:550 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 2 82 theme MAIN 445:448 arg1 METHODS 450:456 MAIN METHODS 445:456 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 445:551 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 9 83 from strain 1511:1516 arg1 EPS 1490:1492 The EPS 1486:1492 The EPS from the Israeli strain 1486:1516 The EPS from the Israeli strain also presented antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis. 24582595 8 84 theme compounds 1468:1476 arg1 activity 1443:1450 the activity 1439:1450 the activity of all chemical compounds tested 1439:1483 All EPS extracts revealed a strong activity against V. stomatitis virus, higher than the activity of all chemical compounds tested. 24582595 2 85 theme C50 467:469 arg1 rheometer 471:479 A Bohlin C50 rheometer 458:479 A Bohlin C50 rheometer 458:479 MAIN METHODS A Bohlin C50 rheometer was used to evaluate the viscosity and elasticity of the EPS solutions. 24582595 3 86 theme Vesicular 598:606 arg1 virus 619:623 Vesicular stomatitis virus 598:623 Vesicular stomatitis virus 598:623 HSV virus, types 1 and 2, Vaccinia virus and Vesicular stomatitis virus were used along with two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) and one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, for testing the antimicrobial activity of EPS. 24582595 10 87 theme SIGNIFICANCE 1580:1591 arg1 Enrichment 1593:1602 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment 1580:1602 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate 1580:1638 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 0 88 theme antibacterial 45:57 arg1 properties 73:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 antibacterial and antiviral properties 45:82 Influence of sulphate on the composition and antibacterial and antiviral properties of the exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium cruentum. 24582595 9 89 theme Israeli 1503:1509 arg1 strain 1511:1516 the Israeli strain 1499:1516 the Israeli strain 1499:1516 The EPS from the Israeli strain also presented antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis. 24582595 10 90 theme culture 1611:1617 arg1 medium 1619:1624 the culture medium 1607:1624 the culture medium 1607:1624 SIGNIFICANCE Enrichment of the culture medium with sulphate improved protein and sulphate content of EPS. 24582595 9 91 theme antibacterial 1533:1545 arg1 activity 1547:1554 antibacterial activity 1533:1554 antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis 1533:1577 The EPS from the Israeli strain also presented antibacterial activity against S. enteritidis. 24582595 6 92 from supplementation 1205:1219 arg1 sulphate 1224:1231 sulphate 1224:1231 sulphate 1224:1231 However, neither the contents of EPS in carbohydrates and uronic acids were affected by the culture medium supplementation in sulphate. 26408121 0 0 theme fodder 70:75 arg1 composition 92:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 4 1 theme kg 742:743 arg1 control 731:737 a control 729:737 a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 729:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 1 theme kg 742:743 arg1 ha 745:746 0 kg ha(-1) 740:750 0 kg ha(-1) 740:750 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 1 2 from effect 154:159 arg1 carbohydrates 291:303 non-structural carbohydrates 276:303 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 220:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 1 2 from effect 154:159 arg1 contents 256:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents 220:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 220:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 3 3 theme Natural 478:484 arg1 Sciences 486:493 Natural Sciences 478:493 Natural Sciences 478:493 It was set up at the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, in late April 2009. 26408121 4 4 theme following 544:552 arg1 factors 554:560 The following factors 540:560 The following factors 540:560 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 5 theme Dactylis 820:827 arg1 grass 813:817 monoculture--orchard grass 792:817 monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) 792:838 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 5 theme Dactylis 820:827 arg1 glomerata 829:837 Dactylis glomerata 820:837 Dactylis glomerata 820:837 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 0 6 from effect 4:9 arg1 composition 92:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 8 7 theme nitrogen 1066:1073 arg1 rates 1075:1079 Increasing nitrogen rates 1055:1079 Increasing nitrogen rates 1055:1079 Increasing nitrogen rates significantly decreased cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and non-structural carbohydrate contents. 26408121 7 8 theme non-structural 938:951 arg1 carbohydrates 953:965 non-structural carbohydrates 938:965 non-structural carbohydrates 938:965 Kelpak significantly increased non-structural carbohydrates, and increasing nitrogen rates reduced the concentration of these components in plants. 26408121 1 9 theme hemicellulose 231:243 arg1 contents 256:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents 220:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 220:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 0 10 theme chemical 83:90 arg1 composition 92:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 11 11 theme whereas 1541:1547 arg1 grass 1535:1539 second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin 1524:1577 second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin 1524:1577 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 4 12 theme nitrogen 677:684 arg1 control 731:737 a control 729:737 a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 729:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 12 theme nitrogen 677:684 arg1 ha 718:719 50 and 150 kg ha 704:719 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) 704:723 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 12 theme nitrogen 677:684 arg1 rates 698:702 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 13 dep ha 639:640 arg1 3 636:636 3 636:636 3 636:636 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 5 14 dep festulolium 860:870 arg1 braunii 885:891 Festulolium braunii 873:891 Festulolium braunii 873:891 Amila,-Braun's festulolium (Festulolium braunii), cv. 26408121 0 15 theme grass 77:81 arg1 composition 92:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 fodder grass chemical composition 70:102 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 1 16 from carbohydrates 291:303 arg1 grass 316:320 orchard grass 308:320 orchard grass 308:320 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 11 17 dep cellulose 1462:1470 arg1 carbohydrates 1491:1503 carbohydrates 1491:1503 carbohydrates 1491:1503 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 1 18 theme lignin 249:254 arg1 contents 256:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents 220:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 220:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 4 19 theme monoculture--orchard 792:811 arg1 cv 841:842 cv 841:842 cv 841:842 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 19 theme monoculture--orchard 792:811 arg1 grass 813:817 monoculture--orchard grass 792:817 monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) 792:838 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 19 theme monoculture--orchard 792:811 arg1 glomerata 829:837 Dactylis glomerata 820:837 Dactylis glomerata 820:837 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 8 20 theme carbohydrate 1157:1168 arg1 contents 1170:1177 non-structural carbohydrate contents 1142:1177 non-structural carbohydrate contents 1142:1177 Increasing nitrogen rates significantly decreased cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and non-structural carbohydrate contents. 26408121 4 21 dep pure 754:757 arg1 stands 759:764 stands 759:764 stands 759:764 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 7 22 from concentration 1010:1022 arg1 plants 1047:1052 plants 1047:1052 plants 1047:1052 Kelpak significantly increased non-structural carbohydrates, and increasing nitrogen rates reduced the concentration of these components in plants. 26408121 7 23 theme nitrogen 983:990 arg1 rates 992:996 increasing nitrogen rates 972:996 increasing nitrogen rates 972:996 Kelpak significantly increased non-structural carbohydrates, and increasing nitrogen rates reduced the concentration of these components in plants. 26408121 3 24 theme Siedlce 511:517 arg1 facility 448:455 the experimental facility 431:455 the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce 431:517 It was set up at the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, in late April 2009. 26408121 2 25 theme split-plot 368:377 arg1 arrangement 379:389 a split-plot arrangement 366:389 a split-plot arrangement with three replicates 366:411 The experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. 26408121 2 25 theme split-plot 368:377 arg1 experiment 351:360 The experiment 347:360 The experiment 347:360 The experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. 26408121 1 26 from contents 256:263 arg1 grass 316:320 orchard grass 308:320 orchard grass 308:320 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 11 27 theme second-cut 1582:1591 arg1 grass 1593:1597 second-cut grass 1582:1597 second-cut grass 1582:1597 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 2 28 with arrangement 379:389 arg1 three 396:400 three 396:400 three 396:400 The experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. 26408121 11 29 dep grass 1535:1539 arg1 lignin 1572:1577 lignin 1572:1577 lignin 1572:1577 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 11 29 dep grass 1535:1539 arg1 hemicellulose 1554:1566 hemicellulose 1554:1566 hemicellulose 1554:1566 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 4 30 dep examined 567:574 arg1 control 731:737 a control 729:737 a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 729:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 30 dep examined 567:574 arg1 biostimulant 577:588 biostimulant 577:588 biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant 577:674 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 30 dep examined 567:574 arg1 ha 718:719 50 and 150 kg ha 704:719 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) 704:723 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 30 dep examined 567:574 arg1 pure 754:757 pure 754:757 pure 754:757 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 30 dep examined 567:574 arg1 rates 698:702 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 9 31 theme lignin 1314:1319 arg1 contents 1321:1328 hemicellulose and lignin contents 1296:1328 contents 1321:1328 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 0 32 theme seaweed 14:20 arg1 extract 38:44 seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract 14:44 seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract 14:44 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 10 33 theme aforementioned 1373:1386 arg1 contents 1388:1395 The aforementioned contents 1369:1395 The aforementioned contents in the grasses 1369:1410 The aforementioned contents in the grasses differed significantly depending on the cut. 26408121 8 34 theme Increasing 1055:1064 arg1 rates 1075:1079 Increasing nitrogen rates 1055:1079 Increasing nitrogen rates 1055:1079 Increasing nitrogen rates significantly decreased cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and non-structural carbohydrate contents. 26408121 1 35 theme biostimulant 168:179 arg1 Kelpak 181:186 the biostimulant Kelpak 164:186 the biostimulant Kelpak 164:186 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 11 36 theme second-cut 1524:1533 arg1 grass 1535:1539 second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin 1524:1577 second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin 1524:1577 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 3 37 dep late 523:526 arg1 April 528:532 April 528:532 April 528:532 It was set up at the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, in late April 2009. 26408121 4 38 theme control-no 652:661 arg1 biostimulant 663:674 a control-no biostimulant 650:674 a control-no biostimulant 650:674 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 1 39 theme Kelpak 181:186 arg1 effect 154:159 the effect 150:159 the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 150:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 0 40 theme maxima 31:36 arg1 extract 38:44 seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract 14:44 seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract 14:44 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 4 41 theme grass 769:773 arg1 species 775:781 grass species 769:781 grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv 769:842 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 2 42 dep three 396:400 arg1 replicates 402:411 replicates 402:411 replicates 402:411 The experiment was a split-plot arrangement with three replicates. 26408121 4 43 dep rates 698:702 arg1 control 731:737 a control 729:737 a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 729:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 43 dep rates 698:702 arg1 ha 745:746 0 kg ha(-1) 740:750 0 kg ha(-1) 740:750 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 43 dep rates 698:702 arg1 -1 721:722 -1 721:722 -1 721:722 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 43 dep rates 698:702 arg1 ha 718:719 50 and 150 kg ha 704:719 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) 704:723 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 43 dep rates 698:702 arg1 rates 698:702 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 44 theme Kelpak 610:615 arg1 SL 617:618 the trade name Kelpak SL 595:618 the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant 595:674 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 0 45 theme Ecklonia 22:29 arg1 extract 38:44 seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract 14:44 seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract 14:44 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 1 46 theme non-structural 276:289 arg1 carbohydrates 291:303 non-structural carbohydrates 276:303 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 220:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 10 47 from contents 1388:1395 arg1 grasses 1404:1410 the grasses 1400:1410 the grasses 1400:1410 The aforementioned contents in the grasses differed significantly depending on the cut. 26408121 4 48 with biostimulant 577:588 arg1 SL 617:618 the trade name Kelpak SL 595:618 the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant 595:674 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 9 49 theme due 1272:1274 arg1 value 1266:1270 a higher nutritional value 1245:1270 a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates 1245:1366 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 1 50 theme different 192:200 arg1 rates 211:215 different nitrogen rates 192:215 different nitrogen rates 192:215 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 9 51 theme orchard 1194:1200 arg1 grass 1202:1206 orchard grass 1194:1206 orchard grass 1194:1206 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 3 52 theme University 464:473 arg1 facility 448:455 the experimental facility 431:455 the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce 431:517 It was set up at the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, in late April 2009. 26408121 0 53 theme extract 38:44 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 0:103 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 7 54 theme components 1033:1042 arg1 concentration 1010:1022 the concentration 1006:1022 the concentration of these components in plants 1006:1052 Kelpak significantly increased non-structural carbohydrates, and increasing nitrogen rates reduced the concentration of these components in plants. 26408121 8 55 theme non-structural 1142:1155 arg1 contents 1170:1177 non-structural carbohydrate contents 1142:1177 non-structural carbohydrate contents 1142:1177 Increasing nitrogen rates significantly decreased cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and non-structural carbohydrate contents. 26408121 1 56 theme orchard 308:314 arg1 grass 316:320 orchard grass 308:320 orchard grass 308:320 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 9 57 dep cellulose 1285:1293 arg1 carbohydrates 1354:1366 carbohydrates 1354:1366 carbohydrates 1354:1366 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 7 58 theme increasing 972:981 arg1 rates 992:996 increasing nitrogen rates 972:996 increasing nitrogen rates 972:996 Kelpak significantly increased non-structural carbohydrates, and increasing nitrogen rates reduced the concentration of these components in plants. 26408121 1 59 theme nitrogen 202:209 arg1 rates 211:215 different nitrogen rates 192:215 different nitrogen rates 192:215 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 4 60 theme application 686:696 arg1 control 731:737 a control 729:737 a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 729:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 60 theme application 686:696 arg1 ha 718:719 50 and 150 kg ha 704:719 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) 704:723 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 60 theme application 686:696 arg1 rates 698:702 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 9 61 theme higher 1247:1252 arg1 value 1266:1270 a higher nutritional value 1245:1270 a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates 1245:1366 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 4 62 theme species 775:781 arg1 pure 754:757 pure 754:757 pure 754:757 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 1 63 theme rates 211:215 arg1 effect 154:159 the effect 150:159 the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 150:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 0 64 theme nitrogen 58:65 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 0:103 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 4 65 theme name 605:608 arg1 SL 617:618 the trade name Kelpak SL 595:618 the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant 595:674 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 66 theme kg 715:716 arg1 -1 721:722 -1 721:722 -1 721:722 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 66 theme kg 715:716 arg1 ha 718:719 50 and 150 kg ha 704:719 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) 704:723 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 66 theme kg 715:716 arg1 rates 698:702 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)) 677:751 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 3 67 theme experimental 435:446 arg1 facility 448:455 the experimental facility 431:455 the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce 431:517 It was set up at the experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, in late April 2009. 26408121 1 68 theme study 127:131 arg1 objective 109:117 The objective 105:117 The objective of this study 105:131 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26408121 9 69 theme hemicellulose 1296:1308 arg1 contents 1321:1328 hemicellulose and lignin contents 1296:1328 contents 1321:1328 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 9 70 theme nutritional 1254:1264 arg1 value 1266:1270 a higher nutritional value 1245:1270 a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates 1245:1366 Compared with orchard grass, Braun's festulolium proved to be of a higher nutritional value due to lower cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents and more non-structural carbohydrates. 26408121 0 71 theme mineral 50:56 arg1 nitrogen 58:65 mineral nitrogen 50:65 mineral nitrogen 50:65 The effect of seaweed Ecklonia maxima extract and mineral nitrogen on fodder grass chemical composition. 26408121 11 72 theme most 1549:1552 arg1 grass 1535:1539 second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin 1524:1577 second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin 1524:1577 Most cellulose and non-structural carbohydrates were determined in second-cut grass whereas most hemicellulose and lignin in second-cut grass. 26408121 4 73 theme trade 599:603 arg1 SL 617:618 the trade name Kelpak SL 595:618 the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant 595:674 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 4 74 theme dm 633:634 arg1 ha 639:640 2 dm(3) ha(-1) 631:644 2 dm(3) ha(-1) 631:644 The following factors were examined: biostimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL applied at 2 dm(3) ha(-1) and a control-no biostimulant; nitrogen application rates 50 and 150 kg ha(-1) and a control (0 kg ha(-1)); pure stands of grass species grown in monoculture--orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), cv. 26408121 1 75 theme cellulose 220:228 arg1 contents 256:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents 220:263 cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium 220:344 The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak and different nitrogen rates on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents as well as non-structural carbohydrates in orchard grass and Braun's festulolium. 26147064 0 0 theme responsive 78:87 arg1 behavior 89:96 the pH responsive behavior 71:96 the pH responsive behavior of chitosan 71:108 A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. 26147064 5 1 theme pH 812:813 arg1 behavior 826:833 The unique pH responsive behavior 801:833 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan 801:845 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 7 2 theme glycosaminoglycans 1198:1215 arg1 precipitation 1181:1193 Selective precipitation 1171:1193 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1171:1222 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 6 3 theme N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation 1093:1121 arg1 step 1123:1126 the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step 1080:1126 the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process 1080:1168 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 4 4 theme chitosan-based 722:735 arg1 process 750:756 a chitosan-based purification process 720:756 a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides 720:798 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 6 5 theme recovery 1040:1047 arg1 conditions 1049:1058 mild, basic recovery conditions 1028:1058 mild, basic recovery conditions 1028:1058 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 0 6 theme pH 75:76 arg1 behavior 89:96 the pH responsive behavior 71:96 the pH responsive behavior of chitosan 71:108 A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. 26147064 5 7 theme solution 945:952 arg1 conditions 954:963 low pH and complex solution conditions 926:963 low pH and complex solution conditions 926:963 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 6 8 theme heparin 1154:1160 arg1 process 1162:1168 the bioengineered heparin process 1136:1168 the bioengineered heparin process 1136:1168 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 6 9 theme mild 1028:1031 arg1 conditions 1049:1058 mild, basic recovery conditions 1028:1058 mild, basic recovery conditions 1028:1058 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 8 10 theme minimum 1447:1453 arg1 impact 1455:1460 a minimum impact 1445:1460 a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition 1445:1522 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 5 11 theme complex 937:943 arg1 conditions 954:963 low pH and complex solution conditions 926:963 low pH and complex solution conditions 926:963 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 6 12 theme chemical 1084:1091 arg1 step 1123:1126 the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step 1080:1126 the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process 1080:1168 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 7 13 theme impurities 1272:1281 arg1 removal 1245:1251 significant removal 1233:1251 significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins 1233:1318 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 3 14 theme bioengineered 564:576 arg1 heparin 578:584 bioengineered heparin 564:584 bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins 564:636 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 2 15 theme heparin 273:279 arg1 feasible 288:295 feasible 288:295 feasible 288:295 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 2 15 theme heparin 273:279 arg1 synthesis 260:268 the total chemical synthesis 241:268 the total chemical synthesis of heparin 241:279 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 3 16 theme engineering 489:499 arg1 efforts 501:507 Intensive process engineering efforts 471:507 Intensive process engineering efforts 471:507 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 5 17 theme related 895:901 arg1 polysaccharides 903:917 related polysaccharides 895:917 related polysaccharides 895:917 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 2 18 dep Escherichia 426:436 arg1 coli 438:441 coli 438:441 coli 438:441 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 3 19 theme Intensive 471:479 arg1 efforts 501:507 Intensive process engineering efforts 471:507 Intensive process engineering efforts 471:507 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 3 20 theme cost-competitive 535:550 arg1 process 552:558 a cost-competitive process 533:558 a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins 533:636 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 1 21 theme light 159:163 arg1 risks 173:177 light several risks 159:177 light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin 159:230 The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. 26147064 0 22 theme chitosan 101:108 arg1 behavior 89:96 the pH responsive behavior 71:96 the pH responsive behavior of chitosan 71:108 A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. 26147064 5 23 theme simplified 855:864 arg1 capture 866:872 simplified capture 855:872 simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides 855:917 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 6 24 dep mild 1028:1031 arg1 basic 1034:1038 basic 1034:1038 basic 1034:1038 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 1 25 theme several 165:171 arg1 risks 173:177 light several risks 159:177 light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin 159:230 The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. 26147064 0 26 theme purification 2:13 arg1 process 15:21 A purification process 0:21 A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides 0:63 A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. 26147064 5 27 theme responsive 815:824 arg1 behavior 826:833 The unique pH responsive behavior 801:833 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan 801:845 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 6 28 theme bioengineered 1140:1152 arg1 process 1162:1168 the bioengineered heparin process 1136:1168 the bioengineered heparin process 1136:1168 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 4 29 theme precursor 774:782 arg1 polysaccharides 784:798 precursor polysaccharides 774:798 precursor polysaccharides 774:798 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 5 30 theme low 926:928 arg1 pH 930:931 low pH 926:931 low pH 926:931 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 7 31 theme process 1256:1262 arg1 endotoxins 1309:1318 endotoxins 1309:1318 endotoxins 1309:1318 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 7 31 theme process 1256:1262 arg1 DNA 1301:1303 DNA 1301:1303 DNA 1301:1303 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 7 31 theme process 1256:1262 arg1 impurities 1272:1281 process related impurities 1256:1281 process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins 1256:1318 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 7 31 theme process 1256:1262 arg1 proteins 1291:1298 proteins 1291:1298 proteins 1291:1298 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 8 32 theme chitosan-based 1465:1478 arg1 purification 1480:1491 chitosan-based purification 1465:1491 chitosan-based purification 1465:1491 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 0 33 theme precursor 39:47 arg1 polysaccharides 49:63 precursor polysaccharides 39:63 precursor polysaccharides 39:63 A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. 26147064 2 34 theme recombinant 353:363 arg1 enzymes 365:371 recombinant enzymes 353:371 recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 353:420 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 2 35 theme Escherichia 426:436 arg1 polysaccharide 455:468 Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide 426:468 Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide 426:468 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 8 36 theme nuclear 1389:1395 arg1 resonance 1406:1414 nuclear magnetic resonance 1389:1414 nuclear magnetic resonance 1389:1414 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 6 37 with compatible 1064:1073 arg1 step 1123:1126 the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step 1080:1126 the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process 1080:1168 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 5 38 theme basic 999:1003 arg1 conditions 1005:1014 mildly basic conditions 992:1014 mildly basic conditions 992:1014 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 7 39 theme Selective 1171:1179 arg1 precipitation 1181:1193 Selective precipitation 1171:1193 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 1171:1222 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 5 40 theme heparin 884:890 arg1 capture 866:872 simplified capture 855:872 simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides 855:917 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 5 41 theme target 877:882 arg1 heparin 884:890 target heparin 877:890 target heparin 877:890 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 8 42 theme techniques 1427:1436 arg1 Use 1321:1323 Use 1321:1323 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1321:1436 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 2 43 theme biosynthetic 401:412 arg1 pathway 414:420 the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 386:420 the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 386:420 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 4 44 theme purification 737:748 arg1 process 750:756 a chitosan-based purification process 720:756 a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides 720:798 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 4 45 theme 96-well 671:677 arg1 screening 691:699 96-well plate based screening 671:699 96-well plate based screening 671:699 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 8 46 theme analytical 1416:1425 arg1 techniques 1427:1436 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1328:1436 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1328:1436 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 5 47 theme pH 930:931 arg1 conditions 954:963 low pH and complex solution conditions 926:963 low pH and complex solution conditions 926:963 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 2 48 theme heparin/HS 390:399 arg1 pathway 414:420 the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 386:420 the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 386:420 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 4 49 theme based 685:689 arg1 screening 691:699 96-well plate based screening 671:699 96-well plate based screening 671:699 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 8 50 theme resonance 1406:1414 arg1 techniques 1427:1436 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1328:1436 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1328:1436 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 7 51 theme significant 1233:1243 arg1 removal 1245:1251 significant removal 1233:1251 significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins 1233:1318 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 1 52 theme animal 202:207 arg1 tissue 209:214 animal tissue 202:214 animal tissue derived heparin 202:230 The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. 26147064 5 53 theme chitosan 838:845 arg1 behavior 826:833 The unique pH responsive behavior 801:833 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan 801:845 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 8 54 theme purification 1480:1491 arg1 impact 1455:1460 a minimum impact 1445:1460 a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition 1445:1522 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 3 55 theme available 611:619 arg1 heparins 629:636 commercially available porcine heparins 598:636 commercially available porcine heparins 598:636 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 4 56 theme process 750:756 arg1 development 705:715 development 705:715 development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides 705:798 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 2 57 theme capsular 446:453 arg1 polysaccharide 455:468 Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide 426:468 Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide 426:468 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 2 58 attach derived 373:379 arg2 enzymes 365:371 recombinant enzymes 353:371 recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 353:420 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 2 58 attach derived 373:379 arg1 pathway 414:420 the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 386:420 the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway 386:420 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 3 59 theme porcine 621:627 arg1 heparins 629:636 commercially available porcine heparins 598:636 commercially available porcine heparins 598:636 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 1 60 theme contamination 115:127 arg1 crisis 129:134 The contamination crisis 111:134 The contamination crisis of 2008 111:142 The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. 26147064 8 61 theme chromatography-mass 1352:1370 arg1 spectrometry 1372:1383 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 1328:1383 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 1328:1383 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 2 62 theme chemical 251:258 arg1 feasible 288:295 feasible 288:295 feasible 288:295 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 2 62 theme chemical 251:258 arg1 synthesis 260:268 the total chemical synthesis 241:268 the total chemical synthesis of heparin 241:279 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 8 63 theme product 1504:1510 arg1 composition 1512:1522 heparin product composition 1496:1522 heparin product composition 1496:1522 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 3 64 theme process 481:487 arg1 efforts 501:507 Intensive process engineering efforts 471:507 Intensive process engineering efforts 471:507 Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. 26147064 8 65 theme heparin 1496:1502 arg1 composition 1512:1522 heparin product composition 1496:1522 heparin product composition 1496:1522 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 1 66 theme tissue 209:214 arg1 use 195:197 use 195:197 use of animal tissue derived heparin 195:230 The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. 26147064 2 67 theme total 245:249 arg1 feasible 288:295 feasible 288:295 feasible 288:295 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 2 67 theme total 245:249 arg1 synthesis 260:268 the total chemical synthesis 241:268 the total chemical synthesis of heparin 241:279 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 4 68 used used 666:669 arg2 we 658:659 we 658:659 we 658:659 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 2 69 theme bioengineered 300:312 arg1 approach 314:321 a bioengineered approach 298:321 a bioengineered approach 298:321 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 8 70 theme magnetic 1397:1404 arg1 resonance 1406:1414 nuclear magnetic resonance 1389:1414 nuclear magnetic resonance 1389:1414 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 8 71 from impact 1455:1460 arg1 composition 1512:1522 heparin product composition 1496:1522 heparin product composition 1496:1522 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 5 72 theme polysaccharides 903:917 arg1 capture 866:872 simplified capture 855:872 simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides 855:917 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 8 73 theme liquid 1345:1350 arg1 spectrometry 1372:1383 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 1328:1383 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 1328:1383 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 8 74 theme sensitive 1335:1343 arg1 spectrometry 1372:1383 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 1328:1383 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 1328:1383 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 1 75 theme 2008 139:142 arg1 crisis 129:134 The contamination crisis 111:134 The contamination crisis of 2008 111:142 The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. 26147064 4 76 theme plate 679:683 arg1 screening 691:699 96-well plate based screening 671:699 96-well plate based screening 671:699 Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. 26147064 5 77 theme unique 805:810 arg1 behavior 826:833 The unique pH responsive behavior 801:833 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan 801:845 The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. 26147064 7 78 theme related 1264:1270 arg1 endotoxins 1309:1318 endotoxins 1309:1318 endotoxins 1309:1318 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 7 78 theme related 1264:1270 arg1 DNA 1301:1303 DNA 1301:1303 DNA 1301:1303 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 7 78 theme related 1264:1270 arg1 impurities 1272:1281 process related impurities 1256:1281 process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins 1256:1318 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 7 78 theme related 1264:1270 arg1 proteins 1291:1298 proteins 1291:1298 proteins 1291:1298 Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. 26147064 2 79 theme K5 443:444 arg1 polysaccharide 455:468 Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide 426:468 Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide 426:468 Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. 26147064 8 80 theme spectrometry 1372:1383 arg1 techniques 1427:1436 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1328:1436 highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques 1328:1436 Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition. 26147064 6 81 theme conditions 1049:1058 arg1 compatible 1064:1073 compatible 1064:1073 compatible 1064:1073 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26147064 6 81 theme conditions 1049:1058 arg1 use 1021:1023 The use 1017:1023 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions 1017:1058 The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. 26794769 7 0 theme monosaccharide 618:631 arg1 analysis 645:652 The monosaccharide composition analysis 614:652 The monosaccharide composition analysis 614:652 The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that PP consisted of mannose only. 26794769 2 1 theme anion 324:328 arg1 assay 330:334 hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay 292:334 hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay 292:334 The structure of PP was investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR, etc. and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay. 26794769 9 2 theme analgesic 1010:1018 arg1 activity 1020:1027 the analgesic activity 1006:1027 the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl 1006:1056 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 2 3 theme superoxide 313:322 arg1 anion 324:328 superoxide anion 313:328 superoxide anion 313:328 The structure of PP was investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR, etc. and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay. 26794769 6 4 theme molecular 583:591 arg1 weight 593:598 its average molecular weight 571:598 its average molecular weight 571:598 The intrinsic viscosity of PP was 1.55dL/g and its average molecular weight was 45,200Da. 26794769 9 5 theme dose-dependent 904:917 arg1 manner 919:924 a dose-dependent manner 902:924 a dose-dependent manner 902:924 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 0 6 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 chinensis 83:91 chinensis 83:91 chinensis 83:91 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 6 7 theme average 575:581 arg1 weight 593:598 its average molecular weight 571:598 its average molecular weight 571:598 The intrinsic viscosity of PP was 1.55dL/g and its average molecular weight was 45,200Da. 26794769 8 8 theme d-mannose 781:789 arg1 units 791:795 α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units 758:795 α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 758:832 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 26794769 9 9 theme Pholidota 1032:1040 arg1 Lindl 1052:1056 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 1032:1056 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 1032:1056 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 8 10 theme linked 774:779 arg1 units 791:795 α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units 758:795 α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 758:832 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 26794769 9 11 theme chinensis 1042:1050 arg1 Lindl 1052:1056 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 1032:1056 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 1032:1056 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 1 12 theme Pholidota 159:167 arg1 Lindl 179:183 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 159:183 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 159:183 A novel polysaccharide (PP) was isolated and purified from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 6 13 theme intrinsic 528:536 arg1 1.55dL/g 558:565 1.55dL/g 558:565 1.55dL/g 558:565 The intrinsic viscosity of PP was 1.55dL/g and its average molecular weight was 45,200Da. 26794769 6 13 theme intrinsic 528:536 arg1 viscosity 538:546 The intrinsic viscosity 524:546 The intrinsic viscosity of PP 524:552 The intrinsic viscosity of PP was 1.55dL/g and its average molecular weight was 45,200Da. 26794769 5 14 theme sevag 463:467 arg1 assay 469:473 sevag assay 463:473 sevag assay 463:473 The salt-out assay was better than sevag assay for removing protein from crude polysaccharides. 26794769 1 15 theme chinensis 169:177 arg1 Lindl 179:183 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 159:183 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 159:183 A novel polysaccharide (PP) was isolated and purified from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 3 16 theme Pholidota 352:360 arg1 Lindl 372:376 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 352:376 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 352:376 Results showed Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 3 17 theme chinensis 362:370 arg1 Lindl 372:376 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 352:376 Pholidota chinensis Lindl 352:376 Results showed Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 1 18 theme novel 102:106 arg1 PP 124:125 PP 124:125 PP 124:125 A novel polysaccharide (PP) was isolated and purified from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 1 18 theme novel 102:106 arg1 polysaccharide 108:121 A novel polysaccharide 100:121 A novel polysaccharide (PP) 100:126 A novel polysaccharide (PP) was isolated and purified from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 5 19 theme salt-out 432:439 arg1 assay 441:445 The salt-out assay 428:445 The salt-out assay 428:445 The salt-out assay was better than sevag assay for removing protein from crude polysaccharides. 26794769 5 19 theme salt-out 432:439 arg1 better 451:456 better 451:456 better 451:456 The salt-out assay was better than sevag assay for removing protein from crude polysaccharides. 26794769 0 20 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 activity 33:40 antioxidant activity 21:40 antioxidant activity 21:40 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 2 21 theme antioxidant 254:264 arg1 activity 266:273 the antioxidant activity 250:273 the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay 250:334 The structure of PP was investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR, etc. and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay. 26794769 6 22 theme PP 551:552 arg1 1.55dL/g 558:565 1.55dL/g 558:565 1.55dL/g 558:565 The intrinsic viscosity of PP was 1.55dL/g and its average molecular weight was 45,200Da. 26794769 6 22 theme PP 551:552 arg1 viscosity 538:546 The intrinsic viscosity 524:546 The intrinsic viscosity of PP 524:552 The intrinsic viscosity of PP was 1.55dL/g and its average molecular weight was 45,200Da. 26794769 8 23 theme Spectroscopy 696:707 arg1 analysis 709:716 Spectroscopy analysis 696:716 Spectroscopy analysis 696:716 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 26794769 0 24 from chinensis 83:91 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 0 24 from chinensis 83:91 arg1 activity 33:40 antioxidant activity 21:40 antioxidant activity 21:40 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 0 24 from chinensis 83:91 arg1 polysaccharide 53:66 a novel polysaccharide 45:66 a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl 45:97 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 9 25 theme potential 955:963 arg1 PP 943:944 PP 943:944 PP 943:944 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 9 25 theme potential 955:963 arg1 antioxidant 972:982 a potential nature antioxidant 953:982 a potential nature antioxidant 953:982 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 8 26 with units 791:795 arg1 groups 827:832 some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 802:832 some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 802:832 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 26794769 5 27 theme crude 501:505 arg1 polysaccharides 507:521 crude polysaccharides 501:521 crude polysaccharides 501:521 The salt-out assay was better than sevag assay for removing protein from crude polysaccharides. 26794769 0 28 theme polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 0 28 theme polysaccharide 53:66 arg1 activity 33:40 antioxidant activity 21:40 antioxidant activity 21:40 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 4 29 theme polysaccharides 411:425 arg1 % 393:393 3.35% 389:393 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides 389:425 contained 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides. 26794769 4 29 theme polysaccharides 411:425 arg1 weight 400:405 dry weight 396:405 dry weight 396:405 contained 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides. 26794769 4 29 theme polysaccharides 411:425 arg1 polysaccharides 411:425 polysaccharides 411:425 polysaccharides 411:425 contained 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides. 26794769 0 30 theme novel 47:51 arg1 polysaccharide 53:66 a novel polysaccharide 45:66 a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl 45:97 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 9 31 theme superoxide 861:870 arg1 anion 872:876 superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical 861:897 anion 872:876 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 2 32 theme PP 203:204 arg1 structure 190:198 The structure 186:198 The structure of PP 186:204 The structure of PP was investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR, etc. and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay. 26794769 2 33 theme radical 301:307 arg1 assay 330:334 hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay 292:334 hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay 292:334 The structure of PP was investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR, etc. and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay. 26794769 2 34 theme hydroxyl 292:299 arg1 radical 301:307 hydroxyl radical 292:307 hydroxyl radical 292:307 The structure of PP was investigated by HPLC, IR, NMR, etc. and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion assay. 26794769 7 35 theme composition 633:643 arg1 analysis 645:652 The monosaccharide composition analysis 614:652 The monosaccharide composition analysis 614:652 The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that PP consisted of mannose only. 26794769 8 36 link linked 774:779 arg1 units 791:795 α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units 758:795 α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 758:832 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 26794769 8 37 theme 2-O- 807:810 arg1 groups 827:832 some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 802:832 some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 802:832 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 26794769 9 38 theme Lindl 1052:1056 arg1 activity 1020:1027 the analgesic activity 1006:1027 the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl 1006:1056 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 9 39 theme hydroxyl 882:889 arg1 radical 891:897 superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical 861:897 radical 891:897 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 4 40 theme dry 396:398 arg1 % 393:393 3.35% 389:393 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides 389:425 contained 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides. 26794769 4 40 theme dry 396:398 arg1 weight 400:405 dry weight 396:405 dry weight 396:405 contained 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides. 26794769 4 40 theme dry 396:398 arg1 polysaccharides 411:425 polysaccharides 411:425 polysaccharides 411:425 contained 3.35% (dry weight) of polysaccharides. 26794769 9 41 theme nature 965:970 arg1 PP 943:944 PP 943:944 PP 943:944 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 9 41 theme nature 965:970 arg1 antioxidant 972:982 a potential nature antioxidant 953:982 a potential nature antioxidant 953:982 Moreover, PP can scavenge superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that PP may be a potential nature antioxidant and may contribute to the analgesic activity of Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 0 42 from activity 33:40 arg1 chinensis 83:91 chinensis 83:91 chinensis 83:91 Characterization and antioxidant activity of a novel polysaccharide from Pholidota chinensis Lindl. 26794769 8 43 theme 3-O-acetyl 816:825 arg1 groups 827:832 some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 802:832 some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups 802:832 Spectroscopy analysis revealed that PP was mainly composed of α-1,3 and α-1,4 linked d-mannose units with some 2-O- and 3-O-acetyl groups. 27917834 0 0 theme glycosyl 61:68 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10 0:47 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 0 0 theme glycosyl 61:68 arg1 hydrolase 70:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase 50:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae 50:105 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 8 1 theme Clostridium 1067:1077 arg1 CelA 1092:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA 1067:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA) 1067:1104 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 8 1 theme Clostridium 1067:1077 arg1 endoglucanase 1134:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 8 1 theme Clostridium 1067:1077 arg1 CtCelA 1098:1103 CtCelA 1098:1103 CtCelA 1098:1103 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 9 2 from cleft 1296:1300 arg1 side 1343:1346 the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1305:1346 the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1305:1346 The absence of this subsite correlates to a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. 27917834 9 3 theme open 1273:1276 arg1 cleft 1296:1300 a more open substrate-binding cleft 1266:1300 a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1266:1346 The absence of this subsite correlates to a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. 27917834 5 4 theme substrate 720:728 arg1 specificity 730:740 its substrate specificity 716:740 its substrate specificity 716:740 In order to further understanding of its substrate specificity, the structure of Cel10 was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 1.76 Å resolution. 27917834 4 5 theme hydrolase 650:658 arg1 subfamily 668:676 the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily 636:676 the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily 636:676 A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that Cel10 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily. 27917834 8 6 with comparisons 1050:1060 arg1 CelA 1092:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA 1067:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA) 1067:1104 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 8 6 with comparisons 1050:1060 arg1 endoglucanase 1134:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 8 6 with comparisons 1050:1060 arg1 CtCelA 1098:1103 CtCelA 1098:1103 CtCelA 1098:1103 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 3 7 theme p-nitrophenol 492:504 arg1 p-NPG 527:531 p-NPG 527:531 p-NPG 527:531 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 7 theme p-nitrophenol 492:504 arg1 β-D-glucopyranoside 506:524 p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside 492:524 p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) 492:532 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 6 8 theme overall 840:846 arg1 distinct 856:863 distinct 856:863 distinct 856:863 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27917834 6 8 theme overall 840:846 arg1 fold 848:851 The overall fold 836:851 The overall fold 836:851 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27917834 8 9 from Cel10 1217:1221 arg1 missing 1206:1212 missing 1206:1212 missing 1206:1212 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 2 10 theme pneumoniae 249:258 arg1 strain 228:233 a strain 226:233 a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut 226:295 Here, a cellulase, Cel10, was identified in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut. 27917834 9 11 theme substrate-binding 1278:1294 arg1 cleft 1296:1300 a more open substrate-binding cleft 1266:1300 a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1266:1346 The absence of this subsite correlates to a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. 27917834 6 12 theme GH8 915:917 arg1 subfamily 919:927 the GH8 subfamily 911:927 the GH8 subfamily 911:927 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27917834 3 13 theme substrate 310:318 arg1 specificity 320:330 substrate specificity 310:330 substrate specificity 310:330 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 14 dep hydrolyze 361:369 arg1 xylan 458:462 xylan 458:462 xylan 458:462 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 14 dep hydrolyze 361:369 arg1 Avicel 447:452 Avicel 447:452 Avicel 447:452 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 4 15 theme phylogenetic 577:588 arg1 analysis 595:602 A phylogenetic tree analysis 575:602 A phylogenetic tree analysis 575:602 A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that Cel10 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily. 27917834 0 16 theme Klebsiella 85:94 arg1 pneumoniae 96:105 Klebsiella pneumoniae 85:105 Klebsiella pneumoniae 85:105 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 0 17 theme endoglucanase 29:41 arg1 Cel10 43:47 the endoglucanase Cel10 25:47 the endoglucanase Cel10 25:47 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 1 18 theme cellulose 163:171 arg1 biomass 173:179 cellulose biomass 163:179 cellulose biomass 163:179 Cellulases are produced by microorganisms that grow on cellulose biomass. 27917834 0 19 theme crystal 4:10 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10 0:47 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 0 19 theme crystal 4:10 arg1 hydrolase 70:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase 50:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae 50:105 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 9 20 theme subsite 1244:1250 arg1 absence 1228:1234 The absence 1224:1234 The absence of this subsite 1224:1250 The absence of this subsite correlates to a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. 27917834 7 21 theme Acetobacterxylinum 991:1008 arg1 CMCax 1010:1014 Acetobacterxylinum CMCax 991:1014 Acetobacterxylinum CMCax 991:1014 Although it forms the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold, like Acetobacterxylinum CMCax, one helix is missing. 27917834 2 22 theme rat 289:291 arg1 gut 293:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Here, a cellulase, Cel10, was identified in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut. 27917834 7 23 theme 6-barrel 965:972 arg1 fold 980:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 Although it forms the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold, like Acetobacterxylinum CMCax, one helix is missing. 27917834 2 24 theme bamboo 282:287 arg1 gut 293:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Here, a cellulase, Cel10, was identified in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut. 27917834 0 25 theme Cel10 43:47 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10 0:47 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 0 25 theme Cel10 43:47 arg1 hydrolase 70:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase 50:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae 50:105 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 5 26 theme 1.76 Å 817:822 arg1 resolution 824:833 1.76 Å resolution 817:833 1.76 Å resolution 817:833 In order to further understanding of its substrate specificity, the structure of Cel10 was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 1.76 Å resolution. 27917834 5 27 theme Cel10 760:764 arg1 structure 747:755 the structure 743:755 the structure of Cel10 743:764 In order to further understanding of its substrate specificity, the structure of Cel10 was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 1.76 Å resolution. 27917834 8 28 dep Clostridium 1067:1077 arg1 thermocellum 1079:1090 thermocellum 1079:1090 thermocellum 1079:1090 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 2 29 theme Chinese 274:280 arg1 gut 293:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Here, a cellulase, Cel10, was identified in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut. 27917834 4 30 theme tree 590:593 arg1 analysis 595:602 A phylogenetic tree analysis 575:602 A phylogenetic tree analysis 575:602 A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that Cel10 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily. 27917834 3 31 theme cellulose 436:444 arg1 forms 427:431 crystalline forms 415:431 crystalline forms of cellulose 415:444 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 31 theme cellulose 436:444 arg1 CMC 406:408 CMC 406:408 CMC 406:408 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 31 theme cellulose 436:444 arg1 cellulose 395:403 amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose 371:403 amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 371:409 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 32 theme carboxymethyl 381:393 arg1 CMC 406:408 CMC 406:408 CMC 406:408 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 32 theme carboxymethyl 381:393 arg1 cellulose 395:403 amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose 371:403 amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 371:409 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 7 33 theme motif 974:978 arg1 fold 980:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 Although it forms the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold, like Acetobacterxylinum CMCax, one helix is missing. 27917834 5 34 theme molecular 780:788 arg1 replacement 790:800 molecular replacement 780:800 molecular replacement 780:800 In order to further understanding of its substrate specificity, the structure of Cel10 was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 1.76 Å resolution. 27917834 8 35 theme sugar-recognition 1163:1179 arg1 subsite 1181:1187 sugar-recognition subsite -3 1163:1190 sugar-recognition subsite -3 1163:1190 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 3 36 theme crystalline 415:425 arg1 forms 427:431 crystalline forms 415:431 crystalline forms of cellulose 415:444 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 5 37 theme specificity 730:740 arg1 understanding 699:711 understanding 699:711 understanding of its substrate specificity 699:740 In order to further understanding of its substrate specificity, the structure of Cel10 was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 1.76 Å resolution. 27917834 6 38 theme other 884:888 arg1 enzymes 890:896 most other enzymes 879:896 most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily 879:927 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27917834 8 39 theme characterized 1116:1128 arg1 CelA 1092:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA 1067:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA) 1067:1104 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 8 39 theme characterized 1116:1128 arg1 endoglucanase 1134:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 3 40 theme specificity 320:330 arg1 Analysis 298:305 Analysis 298:305 Analysis of substrate specificity 298:330 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 2 41 attach isolated 260:267 arg1 gut 293:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Chinese bamboo rat gut 274:295 Here, a cellulase, Cel10, was identified in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut. 27917834 2 41 attach isolated 260:267 arg2 pneumoniae 249:258 Klebsiella pneumoniae 238:258 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut 238:295 Here, a cellulase, Cel10, was identified in a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Chinese bamboo rat gut. 27917834 7 42 theme typical 952:958 arg1 fold 980:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 Although it forms the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold, like Acetobacterxylinum CMCax, one helix is missing. 27917834 4 43 theme GH8 663:665 arg1 subfamily 668:676 the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily 636:676 the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily 636:676 A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that Cel10 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily. 27917834 3 44 theme amorphous 371:379 arg1 CMC 406:408 CMC 406:408 CMC 406:408 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 3 44 theme amorphous 371:379 arg1 cellulose 395:403 amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose 371:403 amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 371:409 Analysis of substrate specificity showed that Cel10 is able to hydrolyze amorphous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crystalline forms of cellulose (Avicel and xylan) but is unable to hydrolyze p-nitrophenol β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), proving that Cel10 is an endoglucanase. 27917834 6 45 from those 870:874 arg1 distinct 856:863 distinct 856:863 distinct 856:863 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27917834 6 45 from those 870:874 arg1 fold 848:851 The overall fold 836:851 The overall fold 836:851 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27917834 0 46 from pneumoniae 96:105 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10 0:47 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 0 46 from pneumoniae 96:105 arg1 hydrolase 70:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase 50:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae 50:105 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 8 47 theme GH8 1130:1132 arg1 CelA 1092:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA 1067:1095 Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA) 1067:1104 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 8 47 theme GH8 1130:1132 arg1 endoglucanase 1134:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase 1107:1146 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 7 48 theme α/α 961:963 arg1 fold 980:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold 948:983 Although it forms the typical (α/α)6-barrel motif fold, like Acetobacterxylinum CMCax, one helix is missing. 27917834 8 49 from missing 1206:1212 arg1 Cel10 1217:1221 Cel10 1217:1221 Cel10 1217:1221 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 9 50 theme cellooligosaccharide 1309:1328 arg1 side 1343:1346 the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1305:1346 the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1305:1346 The absence of this subsite correlates to a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. 27917834 0 51 theme family 52:57 arg1 structure 12:20 The crystal structure 0:20 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10 0:47 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 0 51 theme family 52:57 arg1 hydrolase 70:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase 50:78 a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae 50:105 The crystal structure of the endoglucanase Cel10, a family 8 glycosyl hydrolase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. 27917834 4 52 theme glycoside 640:648 arg1 subfamily 668:676 the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily 636:676 the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily 636:676 A phylogenetic tree analysis indicates that Cel10 belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 8 (GH8) subfamily. 27917834 9 53 theme reducing-end 1330:1341 arg1 side 1343:1346 the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1305:1346 the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side 1305:1346 The absence of this subsite correlates to a more open substrate-binding cleft on the cellooligosaccharide reducing-end side. 27917834 8 54 theme Structural 1039:1048 arg1 comparisons 1050:1060 Structural comparisons 1039:1060 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, 1039:1147 Structural comparisons with Clostridium thermocellum CelA (CtCelA), the best characterized GH8 endoglucanase, revealed that sugar-recognition subsite -3 is completely missing in Cel10. 27917834 6 55 theme most 879:882 arg1 enzymes 890:896 most other enzymes 879:896 most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily 879:927 The overall fold is distinct from those of most other enzymes belonging to the GH8 subfamily. 27374558 0 0 theme surface 89:95 arg1 methodology 97:107 response surface methodology 80:107 response surface methodology 80:107 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 1 1 theme uronic 351:356 arg1 content 363:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 0 2 theme response 80:87 arg1 methodology 97:107 response surface methodology 80:107 response surface methodology 80:107 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 0 3 from extraction 13:22 arg1 fruit 71:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 2 4 theme extraction 459:468 arg1 time 470:473 extraction time 459:473 extraction time of 3h 15min 459:485 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 4 theme extraction 459:468 arg1 conditions 442:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 1 5 with yield 335:339 arg1 content 363:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 1 5 with yield 335:339 arg1 property 387:394 antioxidant property 375:394 antioxidant property 375:394 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 3 6 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 640:668 arg1 IC50 690:693 IC50 690:693 IC50 690:693 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 3 6 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 640:668 arg1 ability 681:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability 640:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) 640:694 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 3 7 theme scavenging 670:679 arg1 IC50 690:693 IC50 690:693 IC50 690:693 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 3 7 theme scavenging 670:679 arg1 ability 681:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability 640:687 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) 640:694 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 2 8 theme solid 534:538 arg1 ratio 540:544 water to solid ratio 525:544 water to solid ratio of 39mL/g 525:554 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 1 9 theme water 282:286 arg1 time 264:267 extraction time 253:267 extraction time 253:267 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 1 9 theme water 282:286 arg1 ratio 273:277 ratio 273:277 ratio of water to material 273:298 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 1 9 theme water 282:286 arg1 temperature 240:250 extraction temperature 229:250 extraction temperature 229:250 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 1 10 from fruit 423:427 arg1 yield 335:339 a maximum polysaccharide yield 310:339 a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 310:427 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 5 11 theme 2720kDa 924:930 arg1 weight 914:919 an average molecular weight 893:919 an average molecular weight of 2720kDa 893:930 The extracted polysaccharides, with an average molecular weight of 2720kDa, are composed of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose. 27374558 2 12 theme water 525:529 arg1 ratio 540:544 water to solid ratio 525:544 water to solid ratio of 39mL/g 525:554 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 1 13 theme antioxidant 375:385 arg1 property 387:394 antioxidant property 375:394 antioxidant property 375:394 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 2 14 theme 39mL/g 549:554 arg1 ratio 540:544 water to solid ratio 525:544 water to solid ratio of 39mL/g 525:554 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 14 theme 39mL/g 549:554 arg1 time 470:473 extraction time 459:473 extraction time of 3h 15min 459:485 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 14 theme 39mL/g 549:554 arg1 temperature 499:509 extraction temperature 488:509 extraction temperature of 91.2°C 488:519 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 14 theme 39mL/g 549:554 arg1 conditions 442:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 6 15 theme reducing 1065:1072 arg1 power 1074:1078 a significant reducing power 1051:1078 a significant reducing power 1051:1078 Moreover, the polysaccharides exhibited a significant reducing power and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. 27374558 1 16 theme Box-Behnken 185:195 arg1 design 197:202 a Box-Behnken design 183:202 a Box-Behnken design 183:202 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 0 17 theme Optimization 0:11 arg1 extraction 13:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 0:146 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 6 18 theme significant 1053:1063 arg1 power 1074:1078 a significant reducing power 1051:1078 a significant reducing power 1051:1078 Moreover, the polysaccharides exhibited a significant reducing power and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. 27374558 2 19 theme extraction 488:497 arg1 temperature 499:509 extraction temperature 488:509 extraction temperature of 91.2°C 488:519 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 4 20 theme Chemical 745:752 arg1 analysis 754:761 Chemical analysis 745:761 Chemical analysis 745:761 Chemical analysis revealed that the extract was composed of 97.92% carbohydrate of which 41.89% is uronic acid. 27374558 5 21 theme extracted 861:869 arg1 polysaccharides 871:885 The extracted polysaccharides 857:885 The extracted polysaccharides 857:885 The extracted polysaccharides, with an average molecular weight of 2720kDa, are composed of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose. 27374558 1 22 theme acid 358:361 arg1 content 363:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 4 23 theme uronic 844:849 arg1 acid 851:854 uronic acid 844:854 uronic acid 844:854 Chemical analysis revealed that the extract was composed of 97.92% carbohydrate of which 41.89% is uronic acid. 27374558 0 24 theme polysaccharide 27:40 arg1 extraction 13:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 0:146 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 4 25 theme % 810:810 arg1 carbohydrate 812:823 97.92% carbohydrate 805:823 97.92% carbohydrate of which 41.89% is uronic acid 805:854 Chemical analysis revealed that the extract was composed of 97.92% carbohydrate of which 41.89% is uronic acid. 27374558 0 26 theme antioxidant 126:136 arg1 activity 138:145 antioxidant activity 126:145 antioxidant activity 126:145 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 1 27 theme edible 401:406 arg1 fruit 423:427 edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 401:427 edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 401:427 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 5 28 theme average 896:902 arg1 weight 914:919 an average molecular weight 893:919 an average molecular weight of 2720kDa 893:930 The extracted polysaccharides, with an average molecular weight of 2720kDa, are composed of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose. 27374558 2 29 theme optimal 434:440 arg1 time 470:473 extraction time 459:473 extraction time of 3h 15min 459:485 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 29 theme optimal 434:440 arg1 conditions 442:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 0 30 theme Tunisian 47:54 arg1 fruit 71:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 1 31 theme Zizyphus 408:415 arg1 fruit 423:427 edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 401:427 edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 401:427 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 3 32 theme extraction 598:607 arg1 yield 609:613 the experimental extraction yield 581:613 the experimental extraction yield 581:613 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 3 32 theme extraction 598:607 arg1 % 706:706 18.88% 701:706 18.88% 701:706 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 1 33 theme extraction 229:238 arg1 temperature 240:250 extraction temperature 229:250 extraction temperature 229:250 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 2 34 theme 15min 481:485 arg1 ratio 540:544 water to solid ratio 525:544 water to solid ratio of 39mL/g 525:554 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 34 theme 15min 481:485 arg1 time 470:473 extraction time 459:473 extraction time of 3h 15min 459:485 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 34 theme 15min 481:485 arg1 temperature 499:509 extraction temperature 488:509 extraction temperature of 91.2°C 488:519 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 34 theme 15min 481:485 arg1 conditions 442:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 1 35 theme maximum 312:318 arg1 yield 335:339 a maximum polysaccharide yield 310:339 a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 310:427 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 4 36 theme carbohydrate 812:823 arg1 acid 851:854 uronic acid 844:854 uronic acid 844:854 Chemical analysis revealed that the extract was composed of 97.92% carbohydrate of which 41.89% is uronic acid. 27374558 0 37 theme lotus 65:69 arg1 fruit 71:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 1 38 theme polysaccharide 320:333 arg1 yield 335:339 a maximum polysaccharide yield 310:339 a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit 310:427 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 0 39 from fruit 71:75 arg1 polysaccharide 27:40 polysaccharide 27:40 polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 27:75 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 0 39 from fruit 71:75 arg1 extraction 13:22 Optimization extraction 0:22 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 0:146 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 6 40 theme peroxidation 1095:1106 arg1 activities 1108:1117 anti-lipid peroxidation activities 1084:1117 anti-lipid peroxidation activities 1084:1117 Moreover, the polysaccharides exhibited a significant reducing power and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. 27374558 5 41 theme molecular 904:912 arg1 weight 914:919 an average molecular weight 893:919 an average molecular weight of 2720kDa 893:930 The extracted polysaccharides, with an average molecular weight of 2720kDa, are composed of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose. 27374558 0 42 theme Zizyphus 56:63 arg1 fruit 71:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit 47:75 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 5 43 with polysaccharides 871:885 arg1 weight 914:919 an average molecular weight 893:919 an average molecular weight of 2720kDa 893:930 The extracted polysaccharides, with an average molecular weight of 2720kDa, are composed of arabinose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose. 27374558 3 44 theme experimental 585:596 arg1 yield 609:613 the experimental extraction yield 581:613 the experimental extraction yield 581:613 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 3 44 theme experimental 585:596 arg1 % 706:706 18.88% 701:706 18.88% 701:706 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 4 45 theme 97.92 805:809 arg1 % 810:810 % 810:810 % 810:810 Chemical analysis revealed that the extract was composed of 97.92% carbohydrate of which 41.89% is uronic acid. 27374558 3 46 theme acid 623:626 arg1 content 628:634 uronic acid content 616:634 uronic acid content 616:634 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 1 47 theme Response 148:155 arg1 methodology 165:175 Response surface methodology 148:175 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design 148:202 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 1 48 theme extraction 253:262 arg1 time 264:267 extraction time 253:267 extraction time 253:267 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 2 49 theme 91.2°C 514:519 arg1 ratio 540:544 water to solid ratio 525:544 water to solid ratio of 39mL/g 525:554 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 49 theme 91.2°C 514:519 arg1 time 470:473 extraction time 459:473 extraction time of 3h 15min 459:485 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 49 theme 91.2°C 514:519 arg1 temperature 499:509 extraction temperature 488:509 extraction temperature of 91.2°C 488:519 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 49 theme 91.2°C 514:519 arg1 conditions 442:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions 430:451 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 0 50 dep extraction 13:22 arg1 Composition 110:120 Composition 110:120 Composition 110:120 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 0 50 dep extraction 13:22 arg1 activity 138:145 antioxidant activity 126:145 antioxidant activity 126:145 Optimization extraction of polysaccharide from Tunisian Zizyphus lotus fruit by response surface methodology: Composition and antioxidant activity. 27374558 1 51 theme surface 157:163 arg1 methodology 165:175 Response surface methodology 148:175 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design 148:202 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 2 52 dep ratio 540:544 arg1 to 531:532 to 531:532 to 531:532 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 2 53 theme 3h 478:479 arg1 15min 481:485 3h 15min 478:485 3h 15min 478:485 The optimal conditions were: extraction time of 3h 15min, extraction temperature of 91.2°C and water to solid ratio of 39mL/g. 27374558 1 54 theme high 346:349 arg1 content 363:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 high uronic acid content 346:369 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27374558 3 55 theme uronic 616:621 arg1 content 628:634 uronic acid content 616:634 uronic acid content 616:634 Under these conditions, the experimental extraction yield, uronic acid content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (IC50) were 18.88%, 41.89 and 0.518mg/mL, respectively. 27374558 6 56 theme anti-lipid 1084:1093 arg1 activities 1108:1117 anti-lipid peroxidation activities 1084:1117 anti-lipid peroxidation activities 1084:1117 Moreover, the polysaccharides exhibited a significant reducing power and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. 27374558 1 57 dep Zizyphus 408:415 arg1 lotus 417:421 lotus 417:421 lotus 417:421 Response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize extraction temperature, extraction time and ratio of water to material to obtain a maximum polysaccharide yield with high uronic acid content and antioxidant property from edible Zizyphus lotus fruit. 27424197 4 0 theme main 962:965 arg1 linkages 978:985 the main glycosidic linkages 958:985 the main glycosidic linkages 958:985 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 5 1 theme partial 1150:1156 arg1 hydrolysates 1179:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates 1150:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1150:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 6 2 from control 1427:1433 arg1 plants 1473:1478 other medicinal plants 1457:1478 other medicinal plants 1457:1478 These approaches could also be routinely used for quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants. 27424197 2 3 theme D. 772:773 arg1 huoshanense 775:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 4 from contents 732:739 arg1 huoshanense 775:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 6 5 theme other 1457:1461 arg1 plants 1473:1478 other medicinal plants 1457:1478 other medicinal plants 1457:1478 These approaches could also be routinely used for quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants. 27424197 1 6 theme size 296:299 arg1 chromatography 311:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography 279:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID) 279:420 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 7 theme specific 190:197 arg1 polysaccharides 199:213 specific polysaccharides 190:213 specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 190:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 8 theme exclusion 301:309 arg1 chromatography 311:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography 279:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID) 279:420 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 4 9 theme acetyl 1040:1045 arg1 groups 1047:1052 acetyl groups 1040:1052 acetyl groups 1040:1052 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 1 10 from analysis 178:185 arg1 batches 224:230 ten batches 220:230 ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 220:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 0 11 theme saccharide 101:110 arg1 mapping 112:118 saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods 101:146 mapping 112:118 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 5 12 theme D. 1305:1306 arg1 huoshanense 1308:1318 D. huoshanense 1305:1318 D. huoshanense 1305:1318 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 1 13 theme performance 617:627 arg1 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 13 theme performance 617:627 arg1 chromatography 640:653 high performance thin layer chromatography 612:653 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 612:661 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 0 14 theme chromatographic 124:138 arg1 methods 140:146 saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods 101:146 methods 140:146 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 1 15 theme gas 423:425 arg1 GC-MS 461:465 GC-MS 461:465 GC-MS 461:465 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 15 theme gas 423:425 arg1 spectrometry 447:458 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 423:458 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 423:466 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 16 theme saccharide 506:515 arg1 mapping 517:523 saccharide mapping 506:523 saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 506:661 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 17 dep 1.16×10 805:811 arg1 Da 829:830 2.17×10(5)Da 819:830 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da 805:830 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 17 dep 1.16×10 805:811 arg1 to 816:817 to 816:817 to 816:817 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 1 18 theme polysaccharides 199:213 arg1 analysis 178:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 149:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 149:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 4 19 theme 1,4-linked 1072:1081 arg1 Manp 1083:1086 1,4-linked Manp 1072:1086 1,4-linked Manp 1072:1086 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 1 20 theme chromatography-mass 427:445 arg1 GC-MS 461:465 GC-MS 461:465 GC-MS 461:465 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 20 theme chromatography-mass 427:445 arg1 spectrometry 447:458 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 423:458 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 423:466 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 21 theme gyrations 717:725 arg1 radius 707:712 the radius 703:712 the radius of gyrations 703:725 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 21 theme gyrations 717:725 arg1 contents 732:739 contents 732:739 contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense 732:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 21 theme gyrations 717:725 arg1 weights 694:700 molecular weights 684:700 molecular weights 684:700 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 5 22 theme polysaccharides 1204:1218 arg1 hydrolysates 1179:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates 1150:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1150:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 1 23 theme high 612:615 arg1 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 23 theme high 612:615 arg1 chromatography 640:653 high performance thin layer chromatography 612:653 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 612:661 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 24 from weights 694:700 arg1 huoshanense 775:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 5 25 theme acidic 1158:1163 arg1 hydrolysates 1179:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates 1150:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1150:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 0 26 from polysaccharides 50:64 arg1 Dendrobium 69:78 Dendrobium 69:78 Dendrobium 69:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 0 27 theme Qualitative 0:10 arg1 analysis 29:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium 0:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 1 28 theme thin 629:632 arg1 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 28 theme thin 629:632 arg1 chromatography 640:653 high performance thin layer chromatography 612:653 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 612:661 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 29 from polysaccharides 753:767 arg1 huoshanense 775:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 6 30 theme quality 1419:1425 arg1 control 1427:1433 quality control 1419:1433 quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants 1419:1478 These approaches could also be routinely used for quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants. 27424197 1 31 theme multi-angle 339:349 arg1 scattering 363:372 multi-angle laser light scattering 339:372 multi-angle laser light scattering 339:372 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 32 theme polysaccharides 534:548 arg1 analysis 550:557 polysaccharides analysis 534:557 polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 534:661 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 33 theme layer 634:638 arg1 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 HPTLC 656:660 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 33 theme layer 634:638 arg1 chromatography 640:653 high performance thin layer chromatography 612:653 high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) 612:661 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 34 from huoshanense 775:785 arg1 radius 707:712 the radius 703:712 the radius of gyrations 703:725 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 34 from huoshanense 775:785 arg1 contents 732:739 contents 732:739 contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense 732:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 34 from huoshanense 775:785 arg1 weights 694:700 molecular weights 684:700 molecular weights 684:700 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 0 35 theme quantitative 16:27 arg1 analysis 29:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium 0:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 1 36 theme laser 351:355 arg1 scattering 363:372 multi-angle laser light scattering 339:372 multi-angle laser light scattering 339:372 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 37 dep % 865:865 arg1 to 858:859 to 858:859 to 858:859 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 4 38 theme Manp 1083:1086 arg1 O-2 1057:1059 O-2 and O-3 1057:1067 O-2 1057:1059 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 4 38 theme Manp 1083:1086 arg1 O-3 1065:1067 O-2 and O-3 1057:1067 O-3 1065:1067 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 3 39 theme main 899:902 arg1 Man 937:939 Man 937:939 Man 937:939 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc. 27424197 3 39 theme main 899:902 arg1 compositions 919:930 the main monosaccharide compositions 895:930 the main monosaccharide compositions 895:930 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc. 27424197 1 40 theme Dendrobium 235:244 arg1 huoshanense 246:256 Dendrobium huoshanense 235:256 Dendrobium huoshanense 235:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 0 41 theme specific 41:48 arg1 polysaccharides 50:64 specific polysaccharides 41:64 specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium 41:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 1 42 theme light 357:361 arg1 scattering 363:372 multi-angle laser light scattering 339:372 multi-angle laser light scattering 339:372 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 3 43 theme monosaccharide 904:917 arg1 Man 937:939 Man 937:939 Man 937:939 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc. 27424197 3 43 theme monosaccharide 904:917 arg1 compositions 919:930 the main monosaccharide compositions 895:930 the main monosaccharide compositions 895:930 Furthermore, the main monosaccharide compositions were Man and Glc. 27424197 1 44 theme huoshanense 246:256 arg1 batches 224:230 ten batches 220:230 ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 220:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 4 45 theme glycosidic 967:976 arg1 linkages 978:985 the main glycosidic linkages 958:985 the main glycosidic linkages 958:985 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 5 46 theme enzymatic 1169:1177 arg1 hydrolysates 1179:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates 1150:1190 partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1150:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 5 47 theme specific 1277:1284 arg1 polysaccharides 1286:1300 the specific polysaccharides 1273:1300 the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense 1273:1318 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 5 48 theme HPTLC 1128:1132 arg1 fingerprints 1134:1145 PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 1119:1145 PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1119:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 5 49 theme PACE 1119:1122 arg1 fingerprints 1134:1145 PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 1119:1145 PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1119:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 0 50 from Dendrobium 69:78 arg1 analysis 29:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium 0:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 2 51 dep 52.1nm 841:846 arg1 to 838:839 to 838:839 to 838:839 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 52 theme polysaccharides 753:767 arg1 radius 707:712 the radius 703:712 the radius of gyrations 703:725 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 52 theme polysaccharides 753:767 arg1 contents 732:739 contents 732:739 contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense 732:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 52 theme polysaccharides 753:767 arg1 weights 694:700 molecular weights 684:700 molecular weights 684:700 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 0 53 theme polysaccharides 50:64 arg1 analysis 29:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 0:36 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium 0:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 1 54 theme refractive 378:387 arg1 HPSEC-MALLS-RID 405:419 HPSEC-MALLS-RID 405:419 HPSEC-MALLS-RID 405:419 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 54 theme refractive 378:387 arg1 detector 395:402 refractive index detector 378:402 refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID) 378:420 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 55 theme nuclear 469:475 arg1 NMR 497:499 NMR 497:499 NMR 497:499 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 55 theme nuclear 469:475 arg1 resonance 486:494 nuclear magnetic resonance 469:494 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 469:500 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 56 theme molecular 684:692 arg1 weights 694:700 molecular weights 684:700 molecular weights 684:700 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 57 theme specific 744:751 arg1 polysaccharides 753:767 specific polysaccharides 744:767 specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense 744:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 5 58 from polysaccharides 1286:1300 arg1 huoshanense 1308:1318 D. huoshanense 1305:1318 D. huoshanense 1305:1318 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 1 59 theme index 389:393 arg1 HPSEC-MALLS-RID 405:419 HPSEC-MALLS-RID 405:419 HPSEC-MALLS-RID 405:419 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 59 theme index 389:393 arg1 detector 395:402 refractive index detector 378:402 refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID) 378:420 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 60 theme magnetic 477:484 arg1 NMR 497:499 NMR 497:499 NMR 497:499 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 60 theme magnetic 477:484 arg1 resonance 486:494 nuclear magnetic resonance 469:494 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 469:500 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 61 theme carbohydrate 568:579 arg1 electrophoresis 585:599 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis 568:599 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) 568:606 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 61 theme carbohydrate 568:579 arg1 PACE 602:605 PACE 602:605 PACE 602:605 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 62 theme Qualitative 149:159 arg1 analysis 178:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 149:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 149:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 5 63 theme quality 1352:1358 arg1 control 1360:1366 their quality control 1346:1366 their quality control 1346:1366 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 5 64 theme specific 1195:1202 arg1 polysaccharides 1204:1218 specific polysaccharides 1195:1218 specific polysaccharides 1195:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 6 65 used used 1410:1413 arg2 approaches 1375:1384 These approaches 1369:1384 These approaches 1369:1384 These approaches could also be routinely used for quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants. 27424197 1 66 theme gel 581:583 arg1 electrophoresis 585:599 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis 568:599 carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) 568:606 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 66 theme gel 581:583 arg1 PACE 602:605 PACE 602:605 PACE 602:605 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 2 67 from radius 707:712 arg1 huoshanense 775:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 D. huoshanense 772:785 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 2 68 theme % 856:856 arg1 % 865:865 9.9% to 19.9% 853:865 9.9% to 19.9% 853:865 Results showed that molecular weights, the radius of gyrations, and contents of specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense were ranging from 1.16×10(5) to 2.17×10(5)Da, 38.8 to 52.1nm, and 9.9% to 19.9%, respectively. 27424197 6 69 theme polysaccharides 1438:1452 arg1 control 1427:1433 quality control 1419:1433 quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants 1419:1478 These approaches could also be routinely used for quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants. 27424197 1 70 from batches 224:230 arg1 analysis 178:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 149:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 149:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 70 from batches 224:230 arg1 polysaccharides 199:213 specific polysaccharides 190:213 specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 190:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 71 theme quantitative 165:176 arg1 analysis 178:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis 149:185 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense 149:256 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 1 72 theme high 279:282 arg1 chromatography 311:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography 279:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID) 279:420 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 27424197 5 73 theme hydrolysates 1179:1190 arg1 fingerprints 1134:1145 PACE and HPTLC fingerprints 1119:1145 PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides 1119:1218 Moreover, results showed that PACE and HPTLC fingerprints of partial acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates of specific polysaccharides were similar, which are helpful to better understand the specific polysaccharides in D. huoshanense and beneficial to improve their quality control. 27424197 0 74 from analysis 29:36 arg1 Dendrobium 69:78 Dendrobium 69:78 Dendrobium 69:78 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides in Dendrobium huoshanense by using saccharide mapping and chromatographic methods. 27424197 4 75 link 1,4-linked 1072:1081 arg1 Manp 1083:1086 1,4-linked Manp 1072:1086 1,4-linked Manp 1072:1086 Indeed, the main glycosidic linkages were β-1,4-Manp and β-1,4-Glcp, and substituted with acetyl groups at O-2 and O-3 of 1,4-linked Manp. 27424197 6 76 theme medicinal 1463:1471 arg1 plants 1473:1478 other medicinal plants 1457:1478 other medicinal plants 1457:1478 These approaches could also be routinely used for quality control of polysaccharides in other medicinal plants. 27424197 1 77 theme performance 284:294 arg1 chromatography 311:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography 279:324 high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID) 279:420 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of specific polysaccharides from ten batches of Dendrobium huoshanense were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 24504479 5 0 theme ionization 874:883 arg1 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 0 theme ionization 874:883 arg1 spectrometry 890:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 853:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 853:910 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 1 1 contain possess 156:162 arg1 GAGs 150:153 GAGs 150:153 GAGs 150:153 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 1 contain possess 156:162 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 130:147 Glycosaminoglycans 130:147 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 130:154 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 1 contain possess 156:162 arg2 heterogeneity 177:189 considerable heterogeneity 164:189 considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups 164:304 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 6 2 theme subsequent 1419:1428 arg1 separation 1435:1444 subsequent HPLC separation 1419:1444 subsequent HPLC separation 1419:1444 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 1 3 theme average 194:200 arg1 mass 212:215 average molecular mass 194:215 average molecular mass 194:215 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 6 4 theme on-line 1450:1456 arg1 detection 1471:1479 on-line fluorescence detection 1450:1479 on-line fluorescence detection 1450:1479 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 3 5 theme practical 611:619 arg1 approaches 638:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 5 6 theme mass 885:888 arg1 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 6 theme mass 885:888 arg1 spectrometry 890:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 853:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 853:910 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 1 7 theme molecular 202:210 arg1 mass 212:215 average molecular mass 194:215 average molecular mass 194:215 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 8 theme sulfo 293:297 arg1 groups 299:304 sulfo groups 293:304 sulfo groups 293:304 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 0 9 link glycosaminoglycan-derived 12:36 arg1 disaccharides 74:86 glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides 12:86 glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides 12:86 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 3 10 theme most 606:609 arg1 approaches 638:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 1 11 theme groups 299:304 arg1 mass 212:215 average molecular mass 194:215 average molecular mass 194:215 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 11 theme groups 299:304 arg1 position 281:288 position 281:288 position 281:288 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 11 theme groups 299:304 arg1 content 269:275 content 269:275 content 269:275 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 11 theme groups 299:304 arg1 range 233:237 molecular mass range 218:237 molecular mass range 218:237 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 11 theme groups 299:304 arg1 composition 253:263 disaccharide composition 240:263 disaccharide composition 240:263 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 2 12 theme technological 322:334 arg1 advances 336:343 recent technological advances 315:343 recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs 315:367 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 1 13 from heterogeneity 177:189 arg1 mass 212:215 average molecular mass 194:215 average molecular mass 194:215 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 13 from heterogeneity 177:189 arg1 position 281:288 position 281:288 position 281:288 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 13 from heterogeneity 177:189 arg1 content 269:275 content 269:275 content 269:275 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 13 from heterogeneity 177:189 arg1 range 233:237 molecular mass range 218:237 molecular mass range 218:237 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 1 13 from heterogeneity 177:189 arg1 composition 253:263 disaccharide composition 240:263 disaccharide composition 240:263 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 2 14 theme GAG 391:393 arg1 composition 408:418 GAG disaccharide composition 391:418 GAG disaccharide composition 391:418 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 1 15 theme considerable 164:175 arg1 heterogeneity 177:189 considerable heterogeneity 164:189 considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups 164:304 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 6 16 theme ∼1-2 1407:1410 arg1 d 1412:1412 ∼1-2 d 1407:1412 ∼1-2 d 1407:1412 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 4 17 theme disaccharides 704:716 arg1 end 697:699 the reducing end 684:699 the reducing end of disaccharides 684:716 Tagging the reducing end of disaccharides with an aromatic fluorescent label affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution. 24504479 2 18 theme recent 315:320 arg1 advances 336:343 recent technological advances 315:343 recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs 315:367 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 4 19 theme stable 761:766 arg1 derivatives 768:778 stable derivatives 761:778 stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution 761:840 Tagging the reducing end of disaccharides with an aromatic fluorescent label affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution. 24504479 6 20 theme different 1207:1215 arg1 systems 1220:1226 different LC systems 1207:1226 different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence 1207:1273 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 6 21 theme LC 1217:1218 arg1 systems 1220:1226 different LC systems 1207:1226 different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence 1207:1273 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 4 22 with derivatives 768:778 arg1 properties 785:794 properties 785:794 properties that enable improved detection and resolution 785:840 Tagging the reducing end of disaccharides with an aromatic fluorescent label affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution. 24504479 3 23 theme approaches 638:647 arg1 approaches 638:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 3 23 theme approaches 638:647 arg1 one 595:597 one 595:597 one 595:597 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 1 24 theme molecular 218:226 arg1 mass 228:231 molecular mass 218:231 molecular mass range 218:237 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 2 25 theme GAG 502:504 arg1 function 506:513 GAG function 502:513 GAG function 502:513 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 6 26 link GAG-derived 1361:1371 arg1 disaccharides 1373:1385 GAG-derived disaccharides 1361:1385 GAG-derived disaccharides 1361:1385 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 1 27 theme mass 228:231 arg1 range 233:237 molecular mass range 218:237 molecular mass range 218:237 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 6 28 theme various 1092:1098 arg1 enzymes 1100:1106 various enzymes 1092:1106 various enzymes 1092:1106 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 6 29 theme ESI-MS 1485:1490 arg1 analysis 1492:1499 ESI-MS analysis 1485:1499 ESI-MS analysis 1485:1499 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 0 30 dep LC-fluorescence 93:107 arg1 detection 119:127 detection 119:127 detection 119:127 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 5 31 theme ionization 937:946 arg1 method 948:953 a relatively soft ionization method 919:953 a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides 919:1017 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 0 32 theme glycosaminoglycan-derived 12:36 arg1 disaccharides 74:86 glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides 12:86 glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides 12:86 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 3 33 theme quantitative 625:636 arg1 approaches 638:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 the most practical and quantitative approaches 602:647 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 3 34 theme GAG-derived 528:538 arg1 disaccharides 540:552 GAG-derived disaccharides 528:552 GAG-derived disaccharides 528:552 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 6 35 theme GAG-derived 1361:1371 arg1 disaccharides 1373:1385 GAG-derived disaccharides 1361:1385 GAG-derived disaccharides 1361:1385 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 1 36 theme disaccharide 240:251 arg1 composition 253:263 disaccharide composition 240:263 disaccharide composition 240:263 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) possess considerable heterogeneity in average molecular mass, molecular mass range, disaccharide composition and content and position of sulfo groups. 24504479 5 37 with HPLC 843:846 arg1 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 37 with HPLC 843:846 arg1 spectrometry 890:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 853:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 853:910 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 38 theme sulfated 993:1000 arg1 oligosaccharides 1002:1017 sulfated oligosaccharides 993:1017 sulfated oligosaccharides 993:1017 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 2 39 theme key 459:461 arg1 information 463:473 key information 459:473 key information required for understanding GAG function 459:513 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 6 40 theme fluorescence 1458:1469 arg1 detection 1471:1479 on-line fluorescence detection 1450:1479 on-line fluorescence detection 1450:1479 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 6 41 theme disaccharides 1373:1385 arg1 labeling 1349:1356 labeling 1349:1356 labeling 1349:1356 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 6 41 theme disaccharides 1373:1385 arg1 preparation 1333:1343 preparation 1333:1343 preparation 1333:1343 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 0 42 theme disaccharides 74:86 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 0:128 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 5 43 theme oligosaccharides 1002:1017 arg1 characterization 973:988 characterization 973:988 characterization 973:988 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 43 theme oligosaccharides 1002:1017 arg1 detection 959:967 detection 959:967 detection 959:967 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 44 theme soft 932:935 arg1 method 948:953 a relatively soft ionization method 919:953 a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides 919:1017 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 3 45 theme compositional 653:665 arg1 mapping 667:673 compositional mapping 653:673 compositional mapping 653:673 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 6 46 theme high-sensitivity 1232:1247 arg1 detection 1249:1257 high-sensitivity detection 1232:1257 high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence 1232:1273 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 6 47 dep preparation 1333:1343 arg1 The 1329:1331 The 1329:1331 The 1329:1331 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 3 48 link GAG-derived 528:538 arg1 disaccharides 540:552 GAG-derived disaccharides 528:552 GAG-derived disaccharides 528:552 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 3 49 theme enzymatic 564:572 arg1 treatment 574:582 enzymatic treatment 564:582 enzymatic treatment 564:582 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 0 50 with Analysis 0:7 arg1 LC-MS 113:117 LC-MS 113:117 LC-MS 113:117 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 0 50 with Analysis 0:7 arg1 LC-fluorescence 93:107 LC-fluorescence 93:107 LC-fluorescence 93:107 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 3 51 theme disaccharides 540:552 arg1 Analysis 516:523 Analysis 516:523 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides 516:552 Analysis of GAG-derived disaccharides relies on enzymatic treatment, providing one of the most practical and quantitative approaches for compositional mapping. 24504479 4 52 theme reducing 688:695 arg1 end 697:699 the reducing end 684:699 the reducing end of disaccharides 684:716 Tagging the reducing end of disaccharides with an aromatic fluorescent label affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution. 24504479 6 53 theme HPLC 1430:1433 arg1 separation 1435:1444 subsequent HPLC separation 1419:1444 subsequent HPLC separation 1419:1444 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 0 54 dep glycosaminoglycan-derived 12:36 arg1 2-aminoacridone-labeled 50:72 2-aminoacridone-labeled 50:72 2-aminoacridone-labeled 50:72 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 0 54 dep glycosaminoglycan-derived 12:36 arg1 precolumn 39:47 precolumn 39:47 precolumn 39:47 Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived, precolumn, 2-aminoacridone-labeled disaccharides with LC-fluorescence and LC-MS detection. 24504479 2 55 theme GAGs 364:367 arg1 analysis 352:359 the analysis 348:359 the analysis of GAGs 348:367 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 2 56 from advances 336:343 arg1 analysis 352:359 the analysis 348:359 the analysis of GAGs 348:367 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 5 57 theme on-line 853:859 arg1 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 57 theme on-line 853:859 arg1 spectrometry 890:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 853:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 853:910 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 2 58 theme composition 408:418 arg1 determination 374:386 the determination 370:386 the determination of GAG disaccharide composition 370:418 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 24504479 5 59 theme electrospray 861:872 arg1 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 ESI-MS 904:909 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 5 59 theme electrospray 861:872 arg1 spectrometry 890:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry 853:901 on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) 853:910 HPLC with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) offers a relatively soft ionization method for detection and characterization of sulfated oligosaccharides. 24504479 6 60 theme biological 1048:1057 arg1 fluids 1059:1064 biological fluids 1048:1064 biological fluids 1048:1064 GAGs obtained from tissues, biological fluids or cells are treated with various enzymes to obtain disaccharides that are fluorescently labeled with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) and resolved by different LC systems for high-sensitivity detection by fluorescence, and then they are unambiguously characterized by MS. The preparation and labeling of GAG-derived disaccharides can be performed in ∼1-2 d, and subsequent HPLC separation and on-line fluorescence detection and ESI-MS analysis takes another 1-2 h. 24504479 4 61 dep fluorescent 735:745 arg1 label 747:751 label 747:751 label 747:751 Tagging the reducing end of disaccharides with an aromatic fluorescent label affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution. 24504479 4 61 dep fluorescent 735:745 arg1 affords 753:759 affords 753:759 affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution 753:840 Tagging the reducing end of disaccharides with an aromatic fluorescent label affords stable derivatives with properties that enable improved detection and resolution. 24504479 2 62 theme disaccharide 395:406 arg1 composition 408:418 GAG disaccharide composition 391:418 GAG disaccharide composition 391:418 Despite recent technological advances in the analysis of GAGs, the determination of GAG disaccharide composition still remains challenging and provides key information required for understanding GAG function. 26596085 3 0 theme E. 680:681 arg1 cells 688:692 E. coli cells 680:692 E. coli cells producing CA 680:705 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 1 1 theme RNA 146:148 arg1 rif 162:164 rif 162:164 rif 162:164 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 1 1 theme RNA 146:148 arg1 polymerase 150:159 RNA polymerase 146:159 RNA polymerase (rif) mutations 146:175 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 0 2 theme Exopolysaccharides 72:89 arg1 Biosynthesis 56:67 the Biosynthesis 52:67 the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon] 52:126 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 0 3 from Influence 5:13 arg1 Biosynthesis 56:67 the Biosynthesis 52:67 the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon] 52:126 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 1 4 theme polymerase 150:159 arg1 mutations 167:175 RNA polymerase (rif) mutations 146:175 RNA polymerase (rif) mutations 146:175 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 3 5 from dependence 519:528 arg1 composition 554:564 the medium composition 543:564 the medium composition 543:564 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 0 6 theme Escherichia 101:111 arg1 lon 123:125 Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon 94:125 Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon 94:125 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 3 7 theme M59 655:657 arg1 rate 624:627 the adsorption rate 609:627 the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59 609:657 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 0 8 theme Strain 94:99 arg1 lon 123:125 Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon 94:125 Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon 94:125 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 1 9 from influence 133:141 arg1 yield 184:188 the yield 180:188 the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 180:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 5 10 theme submerged 939:947 arg1 cultivation 949:959 submerged cultivation 939:959 submerged cultivation 939:959 Among rif recombinants strain AH203, which synthesized twice as much CA compared with the parental strain in submerged cultivation was selected. 26596085 1 11 theme Escherichia 242:252 arg1 strain 268:273 Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 242:273 Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 242:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 0 12 theme K-12 118:121 arg1 lon 123:125 Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon 94:125 Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon 94:125 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 3 13 theme specific 460:467 arg1 rate 476:479 specific growth rate 460:479 specific growth rate 460:479 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 0 14 dep Escherichia 101:111 arg1 coli 113:116 coli 113:116 coli 113:116 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 2 15 theme rif 374:376 arg1 alleles 378:384 rif alleles 374:384 rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects 374:415 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 3 16 theme coli 683:686 arg1 cells 688:692 E. coli cells 680:692 E. coli cells producing CA 680:705 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 3 17 theme isogenic 431:438 arg1 strains 440:446 The obtained isogenic strains 418:446 The obtained isogenic strains 418:446 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 4 18 theme Direct 708:713 arg1 correlation 715:725 Direct correlation 708:725 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 708:814 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 5 19 theme strain 853:858 arg1 AH203 860:864 strain AH203 853:864 strain AH203 853:864 Among rif recombinants strain AH203, which synthesized twice as much CA compared with the parental strain in submerged cultivation was selected. 26596085 0 20 theme [The 0:3 arg1 Influence 5:13 [The Influence 0:13 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 0:127 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 5 21 theme rif 836:838 arg1 recombinants 840:851 rif recombinants 836:851 rif recombinants 836:851 Among rif recombinants strain AH203, which synthesized twice as much CA compared with the parental strain in submerged cultivation was selected. 26596085 3 22 theme medium 547:552 arg1 composition 554:564 the medium composition 543:564 the medium composition 543:564 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 1 23 theme mutations 167:175 arg1 influence 133:141 The influence 129:141 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 129:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 0 24 theme Rifampicin 18:27 arg1 Mutations 39:47 Rifampicin Resistant Mutations 18:47 Rifampicin Resistant Mutations 18:47 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 1 25 theme K-12 259:262 arg1 strain 268:273 Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 242:273 Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 242:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 4 26 theme bacteriophage 798:810 arg1 M59 812:814 bacteriophage M59 798:814 bacteriophage M59 798:814 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 3 27 theme growth 533:538 arg1 dependence 519:528 the dependence 515:528 the dependence of growth on the medium composition 515:564 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 1 28 theme lon 264:266 arg1 strain 268:273 Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 242:273 Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 242:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 4 29 theme exopolysaccharides 748:765 arg1 rate 775:778 growth rate 768:778 growth rate 768:778 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 4 29 theme exopolysaccharides 748:765 arg1 yield 739:743 the yield 735:743 the yield of exopolysaccharides 735:765 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 4 29 theme exopolysaccharides 748:765 arg1 adsorption 784:793 adsorption 784:793 adsorption 784:793 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 3 30 theme adsorption 613:622 arg1 rate 624:627 the adsorption rate 609:627 the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59 609:657 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 2 31 theme pleiotropic 397:407 arg1 effects 409:415 pleiotropic effects 397:415 pleiotropic effects 397:415 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 0 32 theme Mutations 39:47 arg1 Influence 5:13 [The Influence 0:13 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 0:127 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 1 33 theme strain 268:273 arg1 acid 229:232 capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid 193:232 capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 193:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 1 33 theme strain 268:273 arg1 CA 235:236 CA 235:236 CA 235:236 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 3 34 theme cultivation 570:580 arg1 temperature 582:592 cultivation temperature 570:592 cultivation temperature 570:592 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 2 35 theme transduction 349:360 arg1 transfer 362:369 transduction transfer 349:369 transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects 349:415 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 0 36 theme Resistant 29:37 arg1 Mutations 39:47 Rifampicin Resistant Mutations 18:47 Rifampicin Resistant Mutations 18:47 [The Influence of Rifampicin Resistant Mutations on the Biosynthesis of Exopolysaccharides by Strain Escherichia coli K-12 lon]. 26596085 5 37 theme much 894:897 arg1 CA 899:900 much CA 894:900 much CA 894:900 Among rif recombinants strain AH203, which synthesized twice as much CA compared with the parental strain in submerged cultivation was selected. 26596085 2 38 theme alleles 378:384 arg1 transfer 362:369 transduction transfer 349:369 transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects 349:415 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 3 39 theme obtained 422:429 arg1 strains 440:446 The obtained isogenic strains 418:446 The obtained isogenic strains 418:446 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 4 40 theme M59 812:814 arg1 rate 775:778 growth rate 768:778 growth rate 768:778 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 4 40 theme M59 812:814 arg1 yield 739:743 the yield 735:743 the yield of exopolysaccharides 735:765 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 4 40 theme M59 812:814 arg1 adsorption 784:793 adsorption 784:793 adsorption 784:793 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 2 41 theme producing 315:323 arg1 strains 325:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 3 42 theme growth 469:474 arg1 rate 476:479 specific growth rate 460:479 specific growth rate 460:479 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 3 43 theme bacteriophage 641:653 arg1 M59 655:657 virulent bacteriophage M59 632:657 virulent bacteriophage M59 632:657 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 2 44 contain possessing 386:395 arg2 effects 409:415 pleiotropic effects 397:415 pleiotropic effects 397:415 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 2 44 contain possessing 386:395 arg1 alleles 378:384 rif alleles 374:384 rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects 374:415 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 2 45 theme isogenic 306:313 arg1 strains 325:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 1 46 dep Escherichia 242:252 arg1 coli 254:257 coli 254:257 coli 254:257 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 4 47 theme growth 768:773 arg1 rate 775:778 growth rate 768:778 growth rate 768:778 Direct correlation between the yield of exopolysaccharides, growth rate and adsorption of bacteriophage M59 was revealed. 26596085 2 48 theme acid 301:304 arg1 strains 325:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 5 49 theme parental 920:927 arg1 strain 929:934 the parental strain 916:934 the parental strain in submerged cultivation 916:959 Among rif recombinants strain AH203, which synthesized twice as much CA compared with the parental strain in submerged cultivation was selected. 26596085 1 50 theme capsular 193:200 arg1 acid 229:232 capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid 193:232 capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 193:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 1 50 theme capsular 193:200 arg1 CA 235:236 CA 235:236 CA 235:236 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 2 51 theme colanic 293:299 arg1 strains 325:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains 288:331 Five colanic acid isogenic producing strains were created by transduction transfer of rif alleles possessing pleiotropic effects. 26596085 1 52 theme exopolysaccharide--colanic 202:227 arg1 acid 229:232 capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid 193:232 capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 193:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 1 52 theme exopolysaccharide--colanic 202:227 arg1 CA 235:236 CA 235:236 CA 235:236 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 3 53 theme virulent 632:639 arg1 M59 655:657 virulent bacteriophage M59 632:657 virulent bacteriophage M59 632:657 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 5 54 from strain 929:934 arg1 cultivation 949:959 submerged cultivation 939:959 submerged cultivation 939:959 Among rif recombinants strain AH203, which synthesized twice as much CA compared with the parental strain in submerged cultivation was selected. 26596085 1 55 theme acid 229:232 arg1 yield 184:188 the yield 180:188 the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain 180:273 The influence of RNA polymerase (rif) mutations on the yield of capsular exopolysaccharide--colanic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K-12 lon strain was studied. 26596085 3 56 theme colonies 505:512 arg1 mucoidness 491:500 mucoidness 491:500 mucoidness 491:500 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 26596085 3 56 theme colonies 505:512 arg1 size 482:485 size 482:485 size 482:485 The obtained isogenic strains differed by specific growth rate, size and mucoidness of colonies, the dependence of growth on the medium composition and cultivation temperature, as well as by the adsorption rate of virulent bacteriophage M59, specifically lysing E. coli cells producing CA. 25965476 8 0 theme GPA3 948:951 arg1 stronger 958:965 stronger 958:965 stronger 958:965 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 0 theme GPA3 948:951 arg1 activities 934:943 The antioxidant activities 918:943 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 918:951 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 7 1 theme In 744:745 arg1 assay 765:769 In vitro antioxidant assay 744:769 In vitro antioxidant assay 744:769 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 7 2 theme ferric 906:911 arg1 ion 913:915 ferric ion 906:915 ferric ion 906:915 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 2 3 theme acid 123:126 arg1 polysaccharides 128:142 Three acid polysaccharides 117:142 Three acid polysaccharides obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 117:189 Three acid polysaccharides obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 4 4 theme sugar 402:406 arg1 content 408:414 The sugar content 398:414 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 398:437 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 4 4 theme sugar 402:406 arg1 % 449:449 54.55% 444:449 54.55% 444:449 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 0 5 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 pentaphyllum 86:97 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 75:97 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 75:97 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 6 6 theme GPA2 680:683 arg1 weight 664:669 The molecular weight 650:669 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 650:692 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 6 6 theme GPA2 680:683 arg1 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 7 7 dep radical 845:851 arg1 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 810:836 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 807:851 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 810:836 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 8 8 theme antioxidant 1056:1066 arg1 agent 1068:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 8 theme antioxidant 1056:1066 arg1 potential 1033:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 2 9 theme Gynostemma 158:167 arg1 pentaphyllum 169:180 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 158:180 Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 158:189 Three acid polysaccharides obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 6 10 theme GPA1 674:677 arg1 weight 664:669 The molecular weight 650:669 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 650:692 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 6 10 theme GPA1 674:677 arg1 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 7 11 theme DPPH 839:842 arg1 radical 845:851 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical 807:851 radical 845:851 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 8 12 theme natural 1048:1054 arg1 agent 1068:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 12 theme natural 1048:1054 arg1 potential 1033:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 7 13 theme ferrous 883:889 arg1 ion 891:893 ferrous ion 883:893 ferrous ion 883:893 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 8 14 theme antioxidant 922:932 arg1 stronger 958:965 stronger 958:965 stronger 958:965 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 14 theme antioxidant 922:932 arg1 activities 934:943 The antioxidant activities 918:943 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 918:951 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 6 15 theme molecular 654:662 arg1 weight 664:669 The molecular weight 650:669 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 650:692 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 6 15 theme molecular 654:662 arg1 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 6 16 theme GPA3 689:692 arg1 weight 664:669 The molecular weight 650:669 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 650:692 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 6 16 theme GPA3 689:692 arg1 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 19.6kDa 699:705 The molecular weight of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 19.6kDa, 10.6 kDa and 6.7 kDa, respectively. 25965476 3 17 theme antioxidant 376:386 arg1 activity 388:395 the antioxidant activity 372:395 the antioxidant activity 372:395 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 3 18 theme ion-exchange 269:280 arg1 combination 236:246 combination 236:246 combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography 236:314 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 0 19 theme acidic 47:52 arg1 polysaccharides 54:68 acidic polysaccharides 47:68 acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum 47:97 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 2 20 dep pentaphyllum 169:180 arg1 Thunb 183:187 Thunb 183:187 Thunb. 183:188 Three acid polysaccharides obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 3 21 theme water 251:255 arg1 extraction 257:266 water extraction 251:266 water extraction 251:266 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 4 22 theme GPA3 434:437 arg1 content 408:414 The sugar content 398:414 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 398:437 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 4 22 theme GPA3 434:437 arg1 % 449:449 54.55% 444:449 54.55% 444:449 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 7 23 theme antioxidant 753:763 arg1 assay 765:769 In vitro antioxidant assay 744:769 In vitro antioxidant assay 744:769 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 8 24 theme significant 1021:1031 arg1 agent 1068:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 24 theme significant 1021:1031 arg1 potential 1033:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 3 25 theme extraction 257:266 arg1 combination 236:246 combination 236:246 combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography 236:314 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 0 26 from pentaphyllum 86:97 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 0 26 from pentaphyllum 86:97 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 0 26 from pentaphyllum 86:97 arg1 polysaccharides 54:68 acidic polysaccharides 47:68 acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum 47:97 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 0 26 from pentaphyllum 86:97 arg1 Thunb 100:104 Thunb 100:104 Thunb 100:104 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 3 27 theme permeation 290:299 arg1 chromatography 301:314 gel permeation chromatography 286:314 gel permeation chromatography 286:314 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 0 28 theme Gynostemma 75:84 arg1 pentaphyllum 86:97 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 75:97 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 75:97 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 7 29 theme hydroxyl 857:864 arg1 radical 866:872 hydroxyl radical 857:872 hydroxyl radical 857:872 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 0 30 theme polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 0 30 theme polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 0 30 theme polysaccharides 54:68 arg1 Thunb 100:104 Thunb 100:104 Thunb 100:104 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 3 31 theme chromatography 301:314 arg1 combination 236:246 combination 236:246 combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography 236:314 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 7 32 dep In 744:745 arg1 vitro 747:751 vitro 747:751 vitro 747:751 In vitro antioxidant assay, GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 could scavenge 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion and reduce ferric ion. 25965476 4 33 theme GPA1 419:422 arg1 content 408:414 The sugar content 398:414 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 398:437 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 4 33 theme GPA1 419:422 arg1 % 449:449 54.55% 444:449 54.55% 444:449 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 3 34 theme gel 286:288 arg1 chromatography 301:314 gel permeation chromatography 286:314 gel permeation chromatography 286:314 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 8 35 contain has 1017:1019 arg1 GPA3 1012:1015 GPA3 1012:1015 GPA3 1012:1015 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 35 contain has 1017:1019 arg2 potential 1033:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 significant potential 1021:1041 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 8 35 contain has 1017:1019 arg2 agent 1068:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 a natural antioxidant agent 1046:1072 The antioxidant activities of GPA3 were stronger than those of GPA1 and GPA2, suggesting that GPA3 has significant potential as a natural antioxidant agent. 25965476 4 36 theme GPA2 425:428 arg1 content 408:414 The sugar content 398:414 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 398:437 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 4 36 theme GPA2 425:428 arg1 % 449:449 54.55% 444:449 54.55% 444:449 The sugar content of GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were 54.55%, 85.70% and 91.34%, respectively. 25965476 5 37 theme Monosaccharide 485:498 arg1 analysis 500:507 Monosaccharide analysis 485:507 Monosaccharide analysis 485:507 Monosaccharide analysis showed that GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were all composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Fuc, besides, GPA2 and GPA3 also contained Xyl. 25965476 3 38 dep Markino 191:197 arg1 named 200:204 named 200:204 named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 200:227 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 3 39 theme composition 334:344 arg1 analysis 346:353 composition analysis 334:353 composition analysis 334:353 Markino (named as GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3) using combination of water extraction, ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography were subjected to composition analysis and valuated for the antioxidant activity. 25965476 0 40 from activities 33:42 arg1 pentaphyllum 86:97 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 75:97 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 75:97 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 0 41 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of acidic polysaccharides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) 25965476 5 42 contain contained 635:643 arg1 GPA3 625:628 GPA3 625:628 GPA3 625:628 Monosaccharide analysis showed that GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were all composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Fuc, besides, GPA2 and GPA3 also contained Xyl. 25965476 5 42 contain contained 635:643 arg1 GPA2 616:619 GPA2 616:619 GPA2 616:619 Monosaccharide analysis showed that GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were all composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Fuc, besides, GPA2 and GPA3 also contained Xyl. 25965476 5 42 contain contained 635:643 arg2 Xyl 645:647 Xyl 645:647 Xyl 645:647 Monosaccharide analysis showed that GPA1, GPA2 and GPA3 were all composed of Man, Rha, GlcA, GalA, Glc, Gal, Ara and Fuc, besides, GPA2 and GPA3 also contained Xyl. 25722146 5 0 theme better 1043:1048 arg1 characteristics 1058:1072 better sensory characteristics 1043:1072 better sensory characteristics 1043:1072 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 1 1 from effect 176:181 arg1 yeast 487:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 1 from effect 176:181 arg1 lees 429:432 lees 429:432 lees 429:432 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 1 from effect 176:181 arg1 polysaccharide 316:329 the polysaccharide 312:329 the polysaccharide 312:329 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 2 2 theme g 706:706 arg1 -1 710:711 -1 710:711 -1 710:711 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 2 theme g 706:706 arg1 L 708:708 500 g L 702:708 500 g L(-1) 702:712 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 3 theme HPS 515:517 arg1 yeast 519:523 The HPS yeast 511:523 The HPS yeast 511:523 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 4 theme alcoholic 575:583 arg1 fermentation 585:596 alcoholic fermentation 575:596 alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) 575:656 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 5 5 theme period 1277:1282 arg1 interactions 1238:1249 the interactions 1234:1249 the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated 1234:1314 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 polysaccharide 44:57 the polysaccharide 40:57 the polysaccharide 40:57 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 5 7 theme sensory 1288:1294 arg1 attribute 1296:1304 sensory attribute 1288:1304 sensory attribute 1288:1304 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 5 8 theme due 1227:1229 arg1 wine 1222:1225 the best wine 1213:1225 the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated 1213:1314 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 0 9 theme sensory 88:94 arg1 characteristics 96:110 sensory characteristics 88:110 sensory characteristics 88:110 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 2 10 theme polysaccharides 552:566 arg1 polysaccharides 552:566 polysaccharides 552:566 polysaccharides 552:566 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 10 theme polysaccharides 552:566 arg1 amounts 541:547 higher amounts 534:547 higher amounts of polysaccharides 534:566 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 11 theme g 619:619 arg1 L 621:621 485 g L 615:621 485 g L(-1) 615:625 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 11 theme g 619:619 arg1 -1 623:624 -1 623:624 -1 623:624 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 12 theme aging 672:676 arg1 period 678:683 the aging period 668:683 the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively) 668:727 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 5 13 theme FERM 1083:1086 arg1 wines 1088:1092 the FERM wines 1079:1092 the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation 1079:1121 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 0 14 theme Syrah 115:119 arg1 wines 125:129 Syrah red wines 115:129 Syrah red wines 115:129 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 5 15 theme attribute 1296:1304 arg1 interactions 1238:1249 the interactions 1234:1249 the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated 1234:1314 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 4 16 theme aging 983:987 arg1 period 989:994 aging period 983:994 aging period 983:994 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds depended on the yeast strain, aging technique, aging period and compound analysed. 25722146 1 17 theme Syrah 359:363 arg1 wines 369:373 Syrah red wines 359:373 Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging 359:424 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 4 18 with interaction 873:883 arg1 compounds 926:934 the phenolic compounds 913:934 the phenolic compounds 913:934 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds depended on the yeast strain, aging technique, aging period and compound analysed. 25722146 3 19 theme different 734:742 arg1 techniques 750:759 The different aging techniques 730:759 The different aging techniques 730:759 The different aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration; the concentration was dependent on the aging technique applied. 25722146 1 20 theme red 365:367 arg1 wines 369:373 Syrah red wines 359:373 Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging 359:424 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 2 21 theme FERM 603:606 arg1 yeast 608:612 FERM yeast 603:612 FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) 603:656 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 1 22 theme oak 451:453 arg1 chips 460:464 oak wood chips 451:464 oak wood chips 451:464 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 3 23 theme aging 744:748 arg1 techniques 750:759 The different aging techniques 730:759 The different aging techniques 730:759 The different aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration; the concentration was dependent on the aging technique applied. 25722146 1 24 theme wood 455:458 arg1 chips 460:464 oak wood chips 451:464 oak wood chips 451:464 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 2 25 theme g 690:690 arg1 -1 694:695 -1 694:695 -1 694:695 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 25 theme g 690:690 arg1 L 692:692 516 g L 686:692 516 g L(-1) 686:696 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 1 26 theme high 186:189 arg1 levels 191:196 high levels 186:196 high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) 186:307 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 0 27 theme aging 20:24 arg1 techniques 26:35 different aging techniques 10:35 different aging techniques 10:35 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 1 28 theme conventional 276:287 arg1 FERM 303:306 FERM 303:306 FERM 303:306 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 28 theme conventional 276:287 arg1 strain 295:300 another conventional yeast strain 268:300 another conventional yeast strain (FERM) 268:307 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 0 29 theme wines 125:129 arg1 composition 72:82 phenolic composition 63:82 phenolic composition 63:82 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 0 29 theme wines 125:129 arg1 characteristics 96:110 sensory characteristics 88:110 sensory characteristics 88:110 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 0 29 theme wines 125:129 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide 0:57 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 5 30 theme aging 1271:1275 arg1 period 1277:1282 aging period 1271:1282 aging period 1271:1282 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 1 31 theme levels 191:196 arg1 effect 176:181 The effect 172:181 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide 172:329 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 31 theme levels 191:196 arg1 composition 344:354 phenolic composition 335:354 phenolic composition 335:354 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 0 32 theme different 10:18 arg1 techniques 26:35 different aging techniques 10:35 different aging techniques 10:35 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 1 33 theme yeast 289:293 arg1 FERM 303:306 FERM 303:306 FERM 303:306 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 33 theme yeast 289:293 arg1 strain 295:300 another conventional yeast strain 268:300 another conventional yeast strain (FERM) 268:307 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 0 34 theme red 121:123 arg1 wines 125:129 Syrah red wines 115:129 Syrah red wines 115:129 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 1 35 theme wines 369:373 arg1 effect 176:181 The effect 172:181 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide 172:329 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 35 theme wines 369:373 arg1 composition 344:354 phenolic composition 335:354 phenolic composition 335:354 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 5 36 theme aging 1254:1258 arg1 technique 1260:1268 aging technique 1254:1268 aging technique 1254:1268 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 4 37 theme aging 966:970 arg1 technique 972:980 aging technique 966:980 aging technique 966:980 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds depended on the yeast strain, aging technique, aging period and compound analysed. 25722146 5 38 theme sensory 1050:1056 arg1 characteristics 1058:1072 better sensory characteristics 1043:1072 better sensory characteristics 1043:1072 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 1 39 theme strain 295:300 arg1 levels 191:196 high levels 186:196 high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) 186:307 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 0 40 from composition 72:82 arg1 polysaccharide 44:57 the polysaccharide 40:57 the polysaccharide 40:57 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 3 41 theme polysaccharide 775:788 arg1 concentration 790:802 the polysaccharide concentration 771:802 the polysaccharide concentration 771:802 The different aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration; the concentration was dependent on the aging technique applied. 25722146 0 42 theme techniques 26:35 arg1 composition 72:82 phenolic composition 63:82 phenolic composition 63:82 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 0 42 theme techniques 26:35 arg1 characteristics 96:110 sensory characteristics 88:110 sensory characteristics 88:110 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 0 42 theme techniques 26:35 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide 0:57 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 1 43 theme alcoholic 382:390 arg1 fermentation 392:403 alcoholic fermentation 382:403 alcoholic fermentation 382:403 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 44 from composition 344:354 arg1 yeast 487:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 44 from composition 344:354 arg1 lees 429:432 lees 429:432 lees 429:432 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 44 from composition 344:354 arg1 polysaccharide 316:329 the polysaccharide 312:329 the polysaccharide 312:329 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 45 theme polysaccharide 205:218 arg1 HPS 259:261 HPS 259:261 HPS 259:261 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 45 theme polysaccharide 205:218 arg1 strain 251:256 the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain 201:256 the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) 201:262 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 5 46 theme technique 1260:1268 arg1 interactions 1238:1249 the interactions 1234:1249 the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated 1234:1314 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 4 47 theme polysaccharides 892:906 arg1 interaction 873:883 The interaction 869:883 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds 869:934 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds depended on the yeast strain, aging technique, aging period and compound analysed. 25722146 0 48 theme yeast 157:161 arg1 strains 163:169 different yeast strains 147:169 different yeast strains 147:169 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 2 49 dep period 678:683 arg1 -1 694:695 -1 694:695 -1 694:695 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 49 dep period 678:683 arg1 L 692:692 516 g L 686:692 516 g L(-1) 686:696 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 49 dep period 678:683 arg1 -1 710:711 -1 710:711 -1 710:711 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 49 dep period 678:683 arg1 L 708:708 500 g L 702:708 500 g L(-1) 702:712 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 1 50 theme phenolic 335:342 arg1 composition 344:354 phenolic composition 335:354 phenolic composition 335:354 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 0 51 theme different 147:155 arg1 strains 163:169 different yeast strains 147:169 different yeast strains 147:169 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 1 52 dep Saccharomyces 220:232 arg1 cerevisiae 234:243 cerevisiae 234:243 cerevisiae 234:243 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 5 53 theme HPS 1023:1025 arg1 wines 1027:1031 The HPS wines 1019:1031 The HPS wines 1019:1031 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 2 54 theme higher 534:539 arg1 polysaccharides 552:566 polysaccharides 552:566 polysaccharides 552:566 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 54 theme higher 534:539 arg1 amounts 541:547 higher amounts 534:547 higher amounts of polysaccharides 534:566 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 1 55 theme subsequent 409:418 arg1 aging 420:424 subsequent aging 409:424 subsequent aging 409:424 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 56 theme inactive 474:481 arg1 yeast 487:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 5 57 theme aging 1144:1148 arg1 period 1150:1155 the aging period 1140:1155 the aging period 1140:1155 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 1 58 theme Saccharomyces 220:232 arg1 HPS 259:261 HPS 259:261 HPS 259:261 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 58 theme Saccharomyces 220:232 arg1 strain 251:256 the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain 201:256 the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) 201:262 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 2 59 theme g 635:635 arg1 -1 639:640 -1 639:640 -1 639:640 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 59 theme g 635:635 arg1 L 637:637 403 g L 631:637 403 g L(-1) 631:641 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 0 60 from characteristics 96:110 arg1 polysaccharide 44:57 the polysaccharide 40:57 the polysaccharide 40:57 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 1 61 theme dry 483:485 arg1 yeast 487:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 inactive dry yeast 474:491 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 3 62 theme aging 844:848 arg1 technique 850:858 the aging technique 840:858 the aging technique applied 840:866 The different aging techniques increased the polysaccharide concentration; the concentration was dependent on the aging technique applied. 25722146 0 63 theme phenolic 63:70 arg1 composition 72:82 phenolic composition 63:82 phenolic composition 63:82 Effect of different aging techniques on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Syrah red wines fermented using different yeast strains. 25722146 5 64 theme best 1217:1220 arg1 wine 1222:1225 the best wine 1213:1225 the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated 1213:1314 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 4 65 theme yeast 952:956 arg1 strain 958:963 the yeast strain 948:963 the yeast strain 948:963 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds depended on the yeast strain, aging technique, aging period and compound analysed. 25722146 1 66 theme yeast 245:249 arg1 HPS 259:261 HPS 259:261 HPS 259:261 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 1 66 theme yeast 245:249 arg1 strain 251:256 the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain 201:256 the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) 201:262 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 25722146 2 67 dep yeast 608:612 arg1 L 621:621 485 g L 615:621 485 g L(-1) 615:625 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 67 dep yeast 608:612 arg1 -1 639:640 -1 639:640 -1 639:640 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 67 dep yeast 608:612 arg1 L 637:637 403 g L 631:637 403 g L(-1) 631:641 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 2 67 dep yeast 608:612 arg1 -1 623:624 -1 623:624 -1 623:624 The HPS yeast released higher amounts of polysaccharides during alcoholic fermentation than FERM yeast (485 g L(-1) and 403 g L(-1), respectively) and after the aging period (516 g L(-1) and 500 g L(-1), respectively). 25722146 5 68 theme alcoholic 1100:1108 arg1 fermentation 1110:1121 alcoholic fermentation 1100:1121 alcoholic fermentation 1100:1121 The HPS wines exhibited better sensory characteristics than the FERM wines after alcoholic fermentation; however, during the aging period, it was difficult to determine which technique produced the best wine due to the interactions of aging technique, aging period and sensory attribute evaluated. 25722146 4 69 theme phenolic 917:924 arg1 compounds 926:934 the phenolic compounds 913:934 the phenolic compounds 913:934 The interaction of the polysaccharides with the phenolic compounds depended on the yeast strain, aging technique, aging period and compound analysed. 25722146 1 70 theme strain 251:256 arg1 levels 191:196 high levels 186:196 high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) 186:307 The effect of high levels of the polysaccharide Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain (HPS) and another conventional yeast strain (FERM) on the polysaccharide and phenolic composition of Syrah red wines during alcoholic fermentation and subsequent aging on lees, with or without oak wood chips, and on inactive dry yeast was investigated. 26601761 0 0 theme extraction 92:101 arg1 methods 103:109 different extraction methods 82:109 different extraction methods 82:109 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf using different extraction methods. 26601761 7 1 theme higher 955:960 arg1 content 974:980 higher uronic acid content 955:980 higher uronic acid content 955:980 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 7 2 theme other 877:881 arg1 PCPs 883:886 other PCPs 877:886 other PCPs 877:886 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 10 3 theme surface 1220:1226 arg1 methodology 1228:1238 Response surface methodology 1211:1238 Response surface methodology 1211:1238 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction yield of PCP-M by implementing the Box-Behnken design. 26601761 0 4 theme different 82:90 arg1 methods 103:109 different extraction methods 82:109 different extraction methods 82:109 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf using different extraction methods. 26601761 0 5 from property 12:19 arg1 Wolf 71:74 Wolf 71:74 Wolf 71:74 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf using different extraction methods. 26601761 5 6 theme hydroxyl 648:655 arg1 radical 657:663 hydroxyl radical 648:663 hydroxyl radical 648:663 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 7 7 theme mannose 935:941 arg1 content 943:949 higher mannose content 928:949 higher mannose content 928:949 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 0 8 from Wolf 71:74 arg1 property 12:19 Antioxidant property 0:19 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf 0:74 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf using different extraction methods. 26601761 0 8 from Wolf 71:74 arg1 polysaccharides 38:52 water-soluble polysaccharides 24:52 water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf 24:74 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf using different extraction methods. 26601761 5 9 dep In 573:574 arg1 vitro 576:580 vitro 576:580 vitro 576:580 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 10 10 theme Response 1211:1218 arg1 methodology 1228:1238 Response surface methodology 1211:1238 Response surface methodology 1211:1238 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction yield of PCP-M by implementing the Box-Behnken design. 26601761 3 11 theme hot 350:352 arg1 PCP-H 372:376 PCP-H 372:376 PCP-H 372:376 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 3 11 theme hot 350:352 arg1 extraction 360:369 hot water extraction 350:369 hot water extraction (PCP-H) 350:377 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 5 12 theme radical 657:663 arg1 basis 625:629 the basis 621:629 the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability 621:707 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 9 13 theme lowest 1180:1185 arg1 activities 1199:1208 the lowest antioxidant activities 1176:1208 the lowest antioxidant activities 1176:1208 PCP-M showed the strongest reducing power and highest scavenging abilities on hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, while PCP-U exhibited the lowest antioxidant activities. 26601761 12 14 theme mild 1527:1530 arg1 extraction 1495:1504 the microwave-assisted extraction 1472:1504 the microwave-assisted extraction 1472:1504 Overall, the microwave-assisted extraction was an effective and mild method for obtaining antioxidant polysaccharides from P. cocos Wolf. 26601761 12 14 theme mild 1527:1530 arg1 method 1532:1537 an effective and mild method 1510:1537 an effective and mild method for obtaining antioxidant polysaccharides from P. cocos Wolf 1510:1598 Overall, the microwave-assisted extraction was an effective and mild method for obtaining antioxidant polysaccharides from P. cocos Wolf. 26601761 3 15 theme water 354:358 arg1 PCP-H 372:376 PCP-H 372:376 PCP-H 372:376 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 3 15 theme water 354:358 arg1 extraction 360:369 hot water extraction 350:369 hot water extraction (PCP-H) 350:377 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 7 16 contain had 895:897 arg2 content 943:949 higher mannose content 928:949 higher mannose content 928:949 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 7 16 contain had 895:897 arg2 content 919:925 lower neutral sugar content 899:925 lower neutral sugar content 899:925 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 7 16 contain had 895:897 arg1 PCP-M 889:893 PCP-M 889:893 PCP-M 889:893 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 7 16 contain had 895:897 arg2 content 974:980 higher uronic acid content 955:980 higher uronic acid content 955:980 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 10 17 theme Box-Behnken 1311:1321 arg1 design 1323:1328 the Box-Behnken design 1307:1328 the Box-Behnken design 1307:1328 Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction yield of PCP-M by implementing the Box-Behnken design. 26601761 3 18 theme microwave-assisted 459:476 arg1 extraction 478:487 microwave-assisted extraction 459:487 microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M) 459:495 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 3 18 theme microwave-assisted 459:476 arg1 PCP-M 490:494 PCP-M 490:494 PCP-M 490:494 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 7 19 theme higher 928:933 arg1 content 943:949 higher mannose content 928:949 higher mannose content 928:949 Compared with other PCPs, PCP-M had lower neutral sugar content, higher mannose content and higher uronic acid content. 26601761 9 20 theme strongest 1065:1073 arg1 power 1084:1088 the strongest reducing power 1061:1088 the strongest reducing power 1061:1088 PCP-M showed the strongest reducing power and highest scavenging abilities on hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, while PCP-U exhibited the lowest antioxidant activities. 26601761 12 21 theme effective 1513:1521 arg1 extraction 1495:1504 the microwave-assisted extraction 1472:1504 the microwave-assisted extraction 1472:1504 Overall, the microwave-assisted extraction was an effective and mild method for obtaining antioxidant polysaccharides from P. cocos Wolf. 26601761 12 21 theme effective 1513:1521 arg1 method 1532:1537 an effective and mild method 1510:1537 an effective and mild method for obtaining antioxidant polysaccharides from P. cocos Wolf 1510:1598 Overall, the microwave-assisted extraction was an effective and mild method for obtaining antioxidant polysaccharides from P. cocos Wolf. 26601761 5 22 theme In 573:574 arg1 activities 594:603 In vitro antioxidant activities 573:603 In vitro antioxidant activities 573:603 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 9 23 theme reducing 1075:1082 arg1 power 1084:1088 the strongest reducing power 1061:1088 the strongest reducing power 1061:1088 PCP-M showed the strongest reducing power and highest scavenging abilities on hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, while PCP-U exhibited the lowest antioxidant activities. 26601761 1 24 theme invigorating 179:190 arg1 activity 192:199 invigorating activity 179:199 invigorating activity 179:199 Poria cocos Wolf is a popular traditional medicinal plant that has invigorating activity. 26601761 11 25 theme optimized 1341:1349 arg1 conditions 1351:1360 the optimized conditions 1337:1360 the optimized conditions 1337:1360 Under the optimized conditions, the PCP-M yield was 9.95%, which was well in close agreement with the value predicted by the model. 26601761 3 26 theme extract 322:328 arg1 PCPs 330:333 extract PCPs 322:333 extract PCPs 322:333 In this study, four different methods were used to extract PCPs, which include hot water extraction (PCP-H), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (PCP-U), enzyme-assisted extraction (PCP-E) and microwave-assisted extraction (PCP-M). 26601761 5 27 theme DPPH 634:637 arg1 radical 639:645 DPPH radical 634:645 DPPH radical 634:645 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 0 28 theme Antioxidant 0:10 arg1 property 12:19 Antioxidant property 0:19 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf 0:74 Antioxidant property of water-soluble polysaccharides from Poria cocos Wolf using different extraction methods. 26601761 6 29 theme spectra 819:825 arg1 characteristics 827:841 typical IR spectra characteristics 808:841 typical IR spectra characteristics of polysaccharides 808:860 The results showed that PCPs were composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, and had typical IR spectra characteristics of polysaccharides. 26601761 5 30 theme radical 639:645 arg1 basis 625:629 the basis 621:629 the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability 621:707 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 5 31 theme antioxidant 582:592 arg1 activities 594:603 In vitro antioxidant activities 573:603 In vitro antioxidant activities 573:603 In vitro antioxidant activities were studied on the basis of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, reducing power and metal chelating ability. 26601761 8 32 theme molecular 987:995 arg1 weight 997:1002 The molecular weight 983:1002 The molecular weight 983:1002 The molecular weight were determined as PCP-E95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE 1201:1242 >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE 1201:1242 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 5 8 theme extraction 1136:1145 arg1 buffer 1147:1152 an acidic extraction buffer 1126:1152 an acidic extraction buffer 1126:1152 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 5 9 used used 1158:1161 arg2 buffer 1147:1152 an acidic extraction buffer 1126:1152 an acidic extraction buffer 1126:1152 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 1 10 theme active 416:421 arg1 plant 435:439 enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 402:439 enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 402:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 8 11 link N-linked 1456:1463 arg1 profile 1472:1478 The N-linked glycan profile 1452:1478 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER 1452:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 11 link N-linked 1456:1463 arg1 structures 1538:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 4 12 theme higher 961:966 arg1 activity 977:984 a higher specific activity 959:984 a higher specific activity 959:984 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 8 13 theme mannose 1530:1536 arg1 profile 1472:1478 The N-linked glycan profile 1452:1478 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER 1452:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 13 theme mannose 1530:1536 arg1 structures 1538:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 10 14 theme mammalian 1878:1886 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 1888:1908 mammalian butyrylcholinesterase 1878:1908 mammalian butyrylcholinesterase 1878:1908 These findings demonstrate the ability of plants to produce rBChE that is enzymatically active and whose oligomeric state is comparable to mammalian butyrylcholinesterase. 27379103 7 15 theme enzyme 1435:1440 arg1 kinetics 1442:1449 enzyme kinetics 1435:1449 enzyme kinetics 1435:1449 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 6 16 theme gel 1288:1290 arg1 electrophoresis 1292:1306 native gel electrophoresis 1281:1306 native gel electrophoresis 1281:1306 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 1 17 theme recombinant 446:456 arg1 rBChE 481:485 rBChE 481:485 rBChE 481:485 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 17 theme recombinant 446:456 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 458:478 recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 446:478 recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) 446:486 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 10 18 theme oligomeric 1844:1853 arg1 state 1855:1859 state 1855:1859 state 1855:1859 These findings demonstrate the ability of plants to produce rBChE that is enzymatically active and whose oligomeric state is comparable to mammalian butyrylcholinesterase. 27379103 8 19 theme N-linked 1559:1566 arg1 complex 1605:1611 complex 1605:1611 complex 1605:1611 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 19 theme N-linked 1559:1566 arg1 glycans 1568:1574 the N-linked glycans 1555:1574 the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF 1555:1588 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 7 20 theme tetramerization 1415:1429 arg1 terms 1406:1410 terms 1406:1410 terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics 1406:1449 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 0 21 theme Nicotiana 78:86 arg1 benthamiana 88:98 Nicotiana benthamiana 78:98 Nicotiana benthamiana 78:98 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 1 22 theme tetrameric 174:183 arg1 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 22 theme tetrameric 174:183 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase 160:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE) 160:232 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 2 23 theme recombinant 613:623 arg1 protein 625:631 the recombinant protein 609:631 the recombinant protein 609:631 Two gene expression cassettes were designed to express the recombinant protein in either the ER or to the apoplastic compartment. 27379103 1 24 theme overexpression 362:375 arg1 TRBO 385:388 TRBO 385:388 TRBO 385:388 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 24 theme overexpression 362:375 arg1 vector 377:382 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector 325:382 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 325:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 25 theme human 197:201 arg1 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 25 theme human 197:201 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase 160:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE) 160:232 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 4 26 theme leaf 1014:1017 arg1 homogenate 1019:1028 leaf homogenate 1014:1028 leaf homogenate 1014:1028 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 6 27 theme native 1281:1286 arg1 electrophoresis 1292:1306 native gel electrophoresis 1281:1306 native gel electrophoresis 1281:1306 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 3 28 theme wash 899:902 arg1 fluid 904:908 apoplastic wash fluid 888:908 apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF) 888:921 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 28 theme wash 899:902 arg1 prBChE-AWF 911:920 prBChE-AWF 911:920 prBChE-AWF 911:920 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 2 29 theme expression 563:572 arg1 cassettes 574:582 Two gene expression cassettes 554:582 Two gene expression cassettes 554:582 Two gene expression cassettes were designed to express the recombinant protein in either the ER or to the apoplastic compartment. 27379103 9 30 theme prBChE 1640:1645 arg1 homogenates 1652:1662 the prBChE leaf homogenates 1636:1662 the prBChE leaf homogenates 1636:1662 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 11 31 theme rBChE 1937:1941 arg1 tetramerization 1943:1957 rBChE tetramerization 1937:1957 rBChE tetramerization 1937:1957 The process of plant made rBChE tetramerization and strategies for improving its pharmacokinetics properties are also discussed. 27379103 0 32 theme Transient 0:8 arg1 Expression 10:19 Transient Expression 0:19 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 0:99 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 1 33 theme expression 306:315 arg1 system 317:322 plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system 274:322 plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system 274:322 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 9 34 theme homogenates 1652:1662 arg1 profile 1625:1631 The glycan profile 1614:1631 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates 1614:1662 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 1 35 dep vector 377:382 arg1 express 394:400 express 394:400 to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 391:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 8 36 theme glycan 1465:1470 arg1 profile 1472:1478 The N-linked glycan profile 1452:1478 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER 1452:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 36 theme glycan 1465:1470 arg1 structures 1538:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 4 37 from fluid 949:953 arg1 rBChE 924:928 rBChE 924:928 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid 924:953 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 8 38 link N-linked 1559:1566 arg1 complex 1605:1611 complex 1605:1611 complex 1605:1611 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 38 link N-linked 1559:1566 arg1 glycans 1568:1574 the N-linked glycans 1555:1574 the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF 1555:1588 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 1 39 link plant-derived 160:172 arg1 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 39 link plant-derived 160:172 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase 160:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE) 160:232 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 0 40 theme Recombinant 35:45 arg1 Butyrylcholinesterase 53:73 Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase 24:73 Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase 24:73 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 1 41 theme Mosaic 333:338 arg1 Virus 340:344 Tobacco Mosaic Virus 325:344 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 325:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 41 theme Mosaic 333:338 arg1 TMV 347:349 TMV 347:349 TMV 347:349 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 5 42 theme protein 1095:1101 arg1 purification 1061:1072 purification 1061:1072 purification 1061:1072 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 5 42 theme protein 1095:1101 arg1 isolation 1047:1055 isolation 1047:1055 isolation 1047:1055 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 8 43 theme prBChE-ER 1492:1500 arg1 profile 1472:1478 The N-linked glycan profile 1452:1478 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER 1452:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 43 theme prBChE-ER 1492:1500 arg1 structures 1538:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 0 44 theme Butyrylcholinesterase 53:73 arg1 Expression 10:19 Transient Expression 0:19 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 0:99 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 5 45 theme leaf 1108:1111 arg1 homogenates 1113:1123 leaf homogenates 1108:1123 leaf homogenates 1108:1123 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 6 46 theme >95 1201:1203 arg1 % 1204:1204 % 1204:1204 % 1204:1204 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 3 47 theme recombinant 736:746 arg1 prBChE-ER 771:779 prBChE-ER 771:779 prBChE-ER 771:779 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 47 theme recombinant 736:746 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 748:768 ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 724:768 ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) 724:780 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 10 48 theme plants 1781:1786 arg1 ability 1770:1776 the ability 1766:1776 the ability of plants to produce rBChE that is enzymatically active and whose oligomeric state is comparable to mammalian butyrylcholinesterase 1766:1908 These findings demonstrate the ability of plants to produce rBChE that is enzymatically active and whose oligomeric state is comparable to mammalian butyrylcholinesterase. 27379103 9 49 theme complex 1698:1704 arg1 N-glycans 1728:1736 high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans 1684:1736 N-glycans 1728:1736 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 7 50 from similar 1395:1401 arg1 terms 1406:1410 terms 1406:1410 terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics 1406:1449 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 5 51 theme total 1077:1081 arg1 protein 1095:1101 total recombinant protein 1077:1101 total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates 1077:1123 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 7 52 from terms 1406:1410 arg1 similar 1395:1401 similar 1395:1401 similar 1395:1401 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 7 52 from terms 1406:1410 arg1 prBChE 1372:1377 the prBChE 1368:1377 the prBChE 1368:1377 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 7 53 theme human 1339:1343 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 1345:1365 human butyrylcholinesterase 1339:1365 human butyrylcholinesterase 1339:1365 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 5 54 from isolation 1047:1055 arg1 homogenates 1113:1123 leaf homogenates 1108:1123 leaf homogenates 1108:1123 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 1 55 theme plant 274:278 arg1 system 317:322 plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system 274:322 plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system 274:322 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 2 56 dep in 633:634 arg1 either 636:641 either 636:641 either 636:641 Two gene expression cassettes were designed to express the recombinant protein in either the ER or to the apoplastic compartment. 27379103 4 57 theme apoplast 935:942 arg1 fluid 949:953 apoplast wash fluid 935:953 apoplast wash fluid 935:953 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 9 58 theme type 1723:1726 arg1 N-glycans 1728:1736 high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans 1684:1736 N-glycans 1728:1736 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 1 59 theme amplicon-based 286:299 arg1 system 317:322 plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system 274:322 plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system 274:322 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 60 theme butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 arg1 purification 144:155 purification 144:155 purification 144:155 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 60 theme butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 arg1 extraction 129:138 extraction 129:138 extraction 129:138 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 60 theme butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 arg1 expression 117:126 the expression 113:126 the expression 113:126 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 3 61 theme apoplast-targeted 788:804 arg1 rBChE 806:810 apoplast-targeted rBChE 788:810 apoplast-targeted rBChE 788:810 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 5 62 from purification 1061:1072 arg1 homogenates 1113:1123 leaf homogenates 1108:1123 leaf homogenates 1108:1123 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 6 63 theme tetrameric 1227:1236 arg1 rBChE 1238:1242 >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE 1201:1242 >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE 1201:1242 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 3 64 theme leaf 835:838 arg1 prBChE 856:861 prBChE 856:861 prBChE 856:861 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 64 theme leaf 835:838 arg1 homogenization 840:853 leaf homogenization 835:853 leaf homogenization (prBChE) 835:862 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 9 65 theme mannose 1689:1695 arg1 N-glycans 1728:1736 high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans 1684:1736 N-glycans 1728:1736 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 11 66 theme plant 1926:1930 arg1 process 1915:1921 The process 1911:1921 The process of plant 1911:1930 The process of plant made rBChE tetramerization and strategies for improving its pharmacokinetics properties are also discussed. 27379103 8 67 theme high 1525:1528 arg1 profile 1472:1478 The N-linked glycan profile 1452:1478 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER 1452:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 67 theme high 1525:1528 arg1 structures 1538:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 9 68 theme glycan 1618:1623 arg1 profile 1625:1631 The glycan profile 1614:1631 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates 1614:1662 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 4 69 theme enzyme 996:1001 arg1 yield 1003:1007 lower enzyme yield 990:1007 lower enzyme yield 990:1007 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 1 70 theme FLAG-tagged 423:433 arg1 plant 435:439 enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 402:439 enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 402:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 4 71 theme specific 968:975 arg1 activity 977:984 a higher specific activity 959:984 a higher specific activity 959:984 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 7 72 theme kinetics 1442:1449 arg1 terms 1406:1410 terms 1406:1410 terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics 1406:1449 Furthermore, when compared to human butyrylcholinesterase, the prBChE was found to be similar in terms of tetramerization and enzyme kinetics. 27379103 3 73 theme apoplastic 888:897 arg1 fluid 904:908 apoplastic wash fluid 888:908 apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF) 888:921 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 73 theme apoplastic 888:897 arg1 prBChE-AWF 911:920 prBChE-AWF 911:920 prBChE-AWF 911:920 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 5 74 theme acidic 1129:1134 arg1 buffer 1147:1152 an acidic extraction buffer 1126:1152 an acidic extraction buffer 1126:1152 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 1 75 theme plant-derived 160:172 arg1 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 75 theme plant-derived 160:172 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase 160:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE) 160:232 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 5 76 from homogenates 1113:1123 arg1 protein 1095:1101 total recombinant protein 1077:1101 total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates 1077:1123 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 5 76 from homogenates 1113:1123 arg1 purification 1061:1072 purification 1061:1072 purification 1061:1072 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 5 76 from homogenates 1113:1123 arg1 isolation 1047:1055 isolation 1047:1055 isolation 1047:1055 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 1 77 theme RNA-based 352:360 arg1 TRBO 385:388 TRBO 385:388 TRBO 385:388 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 77 theme RNA-based 352:360 arg1 vector 377:382 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector 325:382 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 325:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 78 theme recombinant 185:195 arg1 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 prBChE 226:231 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 78 theme recombinant 185:195 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 203:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase 160:223 plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE) 160:232 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 4 79 contain had 955:957 arg1 rBChE 924:928 rBChE 924:928 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid 924:953 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 4 79 contain had 955:957 arg2 yield 1003:1007 lower enzyme yield 990:1007 lower enzyme yield 990:1007 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 4 79 contain had 955:957 arg2 activity 977:984 a higher specific activity 959:984 a higher specific activity 959:984 rBChE from apoplast wash fluid had a higher specific activity but lower enzyme yield than leaf homogenate. 27379103 0 80 from Expression 10:19 arg1 benthamiana 88:98 Nicotiana benthamiana 78:98 Nicotiana benthamiana 78:98 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 8 81 from glycans 1568:1574 arg1 prBChE-AWF 1579:1588 prBChE-AWF 1579:1588 prBChE-AWF 1579:1588 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 1 82 dep benthamiana 501:511 arg1 leaves 513:518 leaves 513:518 leaves using transient agroinfiltration 513:551 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 3 83 theme fluid 904:908 arg1 prBChE 856:861 prBChE 856:861 prBChE 856:861 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 83 theme fluid 904:908 arg1 vacuum-extraction 867:883 vacuum-extraction 867:883 vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF) 867:921 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 83 theme fluid 904:908 arg1 homogenization 840:853 leaf homogenization 835:853 leaf homogenization (prBChE) 835:862 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 2 84 theme gene 558:561 arg1 cassettes 574:582 Two gene expression cassettes 554:582 Two gene expression cassettes 554:582 Two gene expression cassettes were designed to express the recombinant protein in either the ER or to the apoplastic compartment. 27379103 9 85 theme leaf 1647:1650 arg1 homogenates 1652:1662 the prBChE leaf homogenates 1636:1662 the prBChE leaf homogenates 1636:1662 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 0 86 theme Tetrameric 24:33 arg1 Butyrylcholinesterase 53:73 Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase 24:73 Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase 24:73 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 1 87 theme system 317:322 arg1 use 267:269 use 267:269 use 267:269 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 87 theme system 317:322 arg1 development 251:261 the development 247:261 the development 247:261 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 3 88 used used 708:711 arg2 homogenization 689:702 Leaf homogenization 684:702 Leaf homogenization 684:702 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 8 89 theme N-linked 1456:1463 arg1 profile 1472:1478 The N-linked glycan profile 1452:1478 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER 1452:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 8 89 theme N-linked 1456:1463 arg1 structures 1538:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 mostly high mannose structures 1518:1547 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 0 90 theme Human 47:51 arg1 Butyrylcholinesterase 53:73 Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase 24:73 Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase 24:73 Transient Expression of Tetrameric Recombinant Human Butyrylcholinesterase in Nicotiana benthamiana. 27379103 1 91 theme Tobacco 325:331 arg1 Virus 340:344 Tobacco Mosaic Virus 325:344 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 325:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 91 theme Tobacco 325:331 arg1 TMV 347:349 TMV 347:349 TMV 347:349 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 5 92 theme recombinant 1083:1093 arg1 protein 1095:1101 total recombinant protein 1077:1101 total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates 1077:1123 To optimize the isolation and purification of total recombinant protein from leaf homogenates, an acidic extraction buffer was used. 27379103 3 93 theme Leaf 684:687 arg1 homogenization 689:702 Leaf homogenization 684:702 Leaf homogenization 684:702 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 1 94 theme transient 526:534 arg1 agroinfiltration 536:551 transient agroinfiltration 526:551 transient agroinfiltration 526:551 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 95 theme Virus 340:344 arg1 TRBO 385:388 TRBO 385:388 TRBO 385:388 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 1 95 theme Virus 340:344 arg1 vector 377:382 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector 325:382 Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant 325:439 To optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) RNA-based overexpression vector (TRBO) to express enzymatically active FLAG-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rBChE) in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. 27379103 9 96 theme high 1684:1687 arg1 N-glycans 1728:1736 high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans 1684:1736 N-glycans 1728:1736 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 6 97 theme % 1204:1204 arg1 rBChE 1238:1242 >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE 1201:1242 >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE 1201:1242 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 3 98 theme ER-retained 724:734 arg1 prBChE-ER 771:779 prBChE-ER 771:779 prBChE-ER 771:779 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 3 98 theme ER-retained 724:734 arg1 butyrylcholinesterase 748:768 ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase 724:768 ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) 724:780 Leaf homogenization was used to isolate ER-retained recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (prBChE-ER) while apoplast-targeted rBChE was isolated by either leaf homogenization (prBChE) or vacuum-extraction of apoplastic wash fluid (prBChE-AWF). 27379103 8 99 theme purified 1483:1490 arg1 prBChE-ER 1492:1500 purified prBChE-ER 1483:1500 purified prBChE-ER 1483:1500 The N-linked glycan profile of purified prBChE-ER was found to be mostly high mannose structures while the N-linked glycans on prBChE-AWF were primarily complex. 27379103 9 100 theme paucimannose 1710:1721 arg1 N-glycans 1728:1736 high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans 1684:1736 N-glycans 1728:1736 The glycan profile of the prBChE leaf homogenates showed a mixture of high mannose, complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. 27379103 6 101 theme acidic 1168:1173 arg1 buffer 1186:1191 The acidic extraction buffer 1164:1191 The acidic extraction buffer 1164:1191 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 6 102 theme extraction 1175:1184 arg1 buffer 1186:1191 The acidic extraction buffer 1164:1191 The acidic extraction buffer 1164:1191 The acidic extraction buffer yielded >95% enzymatically active tetrameric rBChE as verified by Coomassie stained and native gel electrophoresis. 27379103 11 103 theme pharmacokinetics 1992:2007 arg1 properties 2009:2018 its pharmacokinetics properties 1988:2018 its pharmacokinetics properties 1988:2018 The process of plant made rBChE tetramerization and strategies for improving its pharmacokinetics properties are also discussed. 26712703 0 0 theme Chuanxiong 91:100 arg1 rhizome 102:108 Chuanxiong rhizome 91:108 Chuanxiong rhizome 91:108 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 8 1 theme chuanxiong 1191:1200 arg1 rhizome 1177:1183 rhizome 1177:1183 rhizome of L. chuanxiong 1177:1200 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 5 2 theme molecular 684:692 arg1 weight 694:699 The molecular weight 680:699 The molecular weight 680:699 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 7 3 theme SMMC7721 1091:1098 arg1 growth 1074:1079 the growth 1070:1079 the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells 1070:1122 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 1 4 theme chuanxiong 188:197 arg1 polysaccharide 204:217 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide 177:217 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide 177:217 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was employed to prepare Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide. 26712703 8 5 theme novel 1150:1154 arg1 macromolecules 1231:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 8 5 theme novel 1150:1154 arg1 polysaccharides 1156:1170 the novel polysaccharides 1146:1170 the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong 1146:1200 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 8 6 theme L. 1188:1189 arg1 chuanxiong 1191:1200 L. chuanxiong 1188:1200 L. chuanxiong 1188:1200 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 5 7 theme HPLC 830:833 arg1 analysis 835:842 HPLC analysis 830:842 HPLC analysis 830:842 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 7 8 theme antioxidant 1022:1032 arg1 activity 1034:1041 relative higher antioxidant activity 1006:1041 relative higher antioxidant activity 1006:1041 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 1 9 theme Hort 199:202 arg1 polysaccharide 204:217 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide 177:217 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide 177:217 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was employed to prepare Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide. 26712703 4 10 theme crude 592:596 arg1 polysaccharides 598:612 the crude polysaccharides 588:612 the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 588:677 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 3 11 theme 80°C 420:423 arg1 temperature 405:415 ultrasonic temperature 394:415 ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 394:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 7 12 theme inhibitory 1047:1056 arg1 activity 1058:1065 inhibitory activity 1047:1065 inhibitory activity 1047:1065 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 4 13 theme DEAE-52 620:626 arg1 cellulose 628:636 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 620:677 cellulose 628:636 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 5 14 theme gel 790:792 arg1 GPC 821:823 GPC 821:823 GPC 821:823 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 5 14 theme gel 790:792 arg1 chromatography 805:818 gel permeation chromatography 790:818 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 790:824 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 4 15 theme polysaccharides 508:522 arg1 fractions 524:532 Three novel polysaccharides fractions 496:532 Three novel polysaccharides fractions 496:532 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 4 15 theme polysaccharides 508:522 arg1 LCX2 550:553 LCX2 550:553 LCX2 550:553 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 4 15 theme polysaccharides 508:522 arg1 LCX1 541:544 LCX1 541:544 LCX1 541:544 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 4 15 theme polysaccharides 508:522 arg1 LCX0 535:538 LCX0 535:538 LCX0 535:538 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 5 16 theme monosaccharide 705:718 arg1 composition 720:730 monosaccharide composition 705:730 monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides 705:759 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 7 17 theme relative 1006:1013 arg1 activity 1034:1041 relative higher antioxidant activity 1006:1041 relative higher antioxidant activity 1006:1041 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 5 18 theme permeation 794:803 arg1 GPC 821:823 GPC 821:823 GPC 821:823 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 5 18 theme permeation 794:803 arg1 chromatography 805:818 gel permeation chromatography 790:818 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) 790:824 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 4 19 theme novel 502:506 arg1 fractions 524:532 Three novel polysaccharides fractions 496:532 Three novel polysaccharides fractions 496:532 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 4 19 theme novel 502:506 arg1 LCX2 550:553 LCX2 550:553 LCX2 550:553 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 4 19 theme novel 502:506 arg1 LCX1 541:544 LCX1 541:544 LCX1 541:544 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 4 19 theme novel 502:506 arg1 LCX0 535:538 LCX0 535:538 LCX0 535:538 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 8 20 theme biomedical 1250:1259 arg1 use 1261:1263 biomedical use 1250:1263 biomedical use 1250:1263 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 8 21 theme promising 1211:1219 arg1 macromolecules 1231:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 8 21 theme promising 1211:1219 arg1 polysaccharides 1156:1170 the novel polysaccharides 1146:1170 the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong 1146:1200 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 3 22 theme water 456:460 arg1 temperature 405:415 ultrasonic temperature 394:415 ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 394:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 6 23 theme anticancer 901:910 arg1 activities 912:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities 872:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides 872:944 Furthermore, the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides were investigated. 26712703 8 24 theme bioactive 1221:1229 arg1 macromolecules 1231:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 8 24 theme bioactive 1221:1229 arg1 polysaccharides 1156:1170 the novel polysaccharides 1146:1170 the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong 1146:1200 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 6 25 theme polysaccharides 930:944 arg1 activities 912:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities 872:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides 872:944 Furthermore, the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides were investigated. 26712703 7 26 theme A549 1101:1104 arg1 growth 1074:1079 the growth 1070:1079 the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells 1070:1122 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 3 27 theme raw 465:467 arg1 material 469:476 raw material 465:476 raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 465:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 0 28 theme Ultrasonic 0:9 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 6 29 theme antioxidant 876:886 arg1 activities 912:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities 872:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides 872:944 Furthermore, the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides were investigated. 26712703 8 30 from rhizome 1177:1183 arg1 macromolecules 1231:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 promising bioactive macromolecules 1211:1244 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 8 30 from rhizome 1177:1183 arg1 polysaccharides 1156:1170 the novel polysaccharides 1146:1170 the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong 1146:1200 It is suggested that the novel polysaccharides from rhizome of L. chuanxiong could be promising bioactive macromolecules for biomedical use. 26712703 3 31 theme material 469:476 arg1 ratio 478:482 raw material ratio 465:482 raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 465:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 3 32 theme ultrasonic 426:435 arg1 time 437:440 ultrasonic time 426:440 ultrasonic time of 40 min 426:450 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 5 33 theme polysaccharides 745:759 arg1 weight 694:699 The molecular weight 680:699 The molecular weight 680:699 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 5 33 theme polysaccharides 745:759 arg1 composition 720:730 monosaccharide composition 705:730 monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides 705:759 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 1 34 theme Ultrasonic-assisted 111:129 arg1 technology 142:151 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology 111:151 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology 111:151 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was employed to prepare Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide. 26712703 3 35 theme time 437:440 arg1 temperature 405:415 ultrasonic temperature 394:415 ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 394:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 2 36 theme factor 227:232 arg1 test 234:237 Single factor test 220:237 Single factor test 220:237 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 1 37 theme extraction 131:140 arg1 technology 142:151 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology 111:151 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology 111:151 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was employed to prepare Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide. 26712703 2 38 used used 279:282 arg2 design 267:272 orthogonal experimental design 243:272 orthogonal experimental design 243:272 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 2 38 used used 279:282 arg2 test 234:237 Single factor test 220:237 Single factor test 220:237 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 4 39 theme column 657:662 arg1 chromatography 664:677 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 620:677 chromatography 664:677 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 0 40 theme anticancer 39:48 arg1 activities 50:59 anticancer activities 39:59 anticancer activities 39:59 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 6 41 dep in 892:893 arg1 vitro 895:899 vitro 895:899 vitro 895:899 Furthermore, the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides were investigated. 26712703 2 42 theme Single 220:225 arg1 test 234:237 Single factor test 220:237 Single factor test 220:237 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 7 43 theme HCT-116 1110:1116 arg1 cells 1118:1122 HCT-116 cells 1110:1122 HCT-116 cells 1110:1122 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 3 44 theme mL/g 490:493 arg1 ratio 478:482 raw material ratio 465:482 raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 465:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 3 45 theme min 448:450 arg1 water 456:460 water 456:460 water 456:460 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 3 45 theme min 448:450 arg1 80°C 420:423 80°C 420:423 80°C 420:423 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 3 45 theme min 448:450 arg1 time 437:440 ultrasonic time 426:440 ultrasonic time of 40 min 426:450 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 7 46 theme cells 1118:1122 arg1 growth 1074:1079 the growth 1070:1079 the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells 1070:1122 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 3 47 theme optimal 351:357 arg1 conditions 370:379 the optimal extraction conditions 347:379 the optimal extraction conditions 347:379 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 3 48 theme ultrasonic 394:403 arg1 temperature 405:415 ultrasonic temperature 394:415 ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g 394:493 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 7 49 theme HepG2 1084:1088 arg1 growth 1074:1079 the growth 1070:1079 the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells 1070:1122 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 3 50 theme extraction 359:368 arg1 conditions 370:379 the optimal extraction conditions 347:379 the optimal extraction conditions 347:379 The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions consisted of ultrasonic temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic time of 40 min and water to raw material ratio of 30 mL/g. 26712703 2 51 theme experimental 254:265 arg1 design 267:272 orthogonal experimental design 243:272 orthogonal experimental design 243:272 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 6 52 theme in 892:893 arg1 activities 912:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities 872:921 the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides 872:944 Furthermore, the antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities of the polysaccharides were investigated. 26712703 7 53 dep relative 1006:1013 arg1 higher 1015:1020 higher 1015:1020 higher 1015:1020 Compared with LCX0, LCX2 and LCX1 showed relative higher antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to the growth of HepG2, SMMC7721, A549 and HCT-116 cells. 26712703 2 54 theme orthogonal 243:252 arg1 design 267:272 orthogonal experimental design 243:272 orthogonal experimental design 243:272 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 5 55 theme LCX 741:743 arg1 polysaccharides 745:759 three LCX polysaccharides 735:759 three LCX polysaccharides 735:759 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 2 56 theme extraction 300:309 arg1 conditions 311:320 the extraction conditions 296:320 the extraction conditions 296:320 Single factor test and orthogonal experimental design were used to optimize the extraction conditions. 26712703 0 57 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 antioxidant 23:33 antioxidant 23:33 antioxidant 23:33 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 0 57 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 activities 50:59 anticancer activities 39:59 anticancer activities 39:59 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 0 57 theme polysaccharides 70:84 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 0 58 from rhizome 102:108 arg1 antioxidant 23:33 antioxidant 23:33 antioxidant 23:33 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 0 58 from rhizome 102:108 arg1 activities 50:59 anticancer activities 39:59 anticancer activities 39:59 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 0 58 from rhizome 102:108 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 4 59 theme G-100 651:655 arg1 chromatography 664:677 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 620:677 chromatography 664:677 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 26712703 0 60 theme novel 64:68 arg1 polysaccharides 70:84 novel polysaccharides 64:84 novel polysaccharides 64:84 Ultrasonic extraction, antioxidant and anticancer activities of novel polysaccharides from Chuanxiong rhizome. 26712703 5 61 dep weight 694:699 arg1 fractions 761:769 fractions 761:769 fractions 761:769 The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of three LCX polysaccharides fractions were analyzed with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC analysis, respectively. 26712703 1 62 theme Ligusticum 177:186 arg1 polysaccharide 204:217 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide 177:217 Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide 177:217 Ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was employed to prepare Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort polysaccharide. 26712703 4 63 theme Sephadex 642:649 arg1 chromatography 664:677 DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography 620:677 chromatography 664:677 Three novel polysaccharides fractions, LCX0, LCX1 and LCX2, were isolated and purified from the crude polysaccharides using DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. 24636532 4 0 theme fibers 577:582 arg1 behaviors 551:559 The tensile mechanical behaviors 528:559 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers 528:582 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 8 1 from behavior 1184:1191 arg1 wall 1228:1231 the hoop wall 1219:1231 the hoop wall 1219:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 2 2 theme materials 274:282 arg1 materials 274:282 such materials 269:282 such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure 269:330 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 2 2 theme materials 274:282 arg1 one 262:264 one 262:264 one 262:264 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 8 3 theme mechanical 1173:1182 arg1 superior 1236:1243 superior 1236:1243 superior 1236:1243 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 8 3 theme mechanical 1173:1182 arg1 behavior 1184:1191 The mechanical behavior 1169:1191 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall 1169:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 6 4 theme responses 902:910 arg1 difference 858:867 The difference 854:867 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples 854:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 10 5 theme new 1679:1681 arg1 foams 1694:1698 new biomimetic foams 1679:1698 new biomimetic foams 1679:1698 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 1 6 theme biological 158:167 arg1 systems 169:175 biological systems 158:175 biological systems 158:175 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 6 7 theme compressive 876:886 arg1 responses 902:910 the compressive stress-strain responses 872:910 the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples 872:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 9 8 dep times 1521:1525 arg1 higher 1527:1532 higher 1527:1532 higher 1527:1532 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 3 9 from fiber 492:496 arg1 levels 438:443 different levels 428:443 different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge 428:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 3 9 from fiber 492:496 arg1 organization 465:476 its hierarchical organization 448:476 its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge 448:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 2 10 theme interconnecting 299:313 arg1 structure 322:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 9 11 theme core 1415:1418 arg1 part 1420:1423 the core part 1411:1423 the core part 1411:1423 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 8 12 theme block 1200:1204 arg1 samples 1206:1212 the block samples 1196:1212 the block samples from the hoop wall 1196:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 10 13 theme further 1741:1747 arg1 applications 1749:1760 further applications 1741:1760 further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels 1741:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 7 14 theme lignin/hemicellulose 1079:1098 arg1 matrix 1100:1105 lignin/hemicellulose matrix 1079:1105 lignin/hemicellulose matrix 1079:1105 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 10 15 theme desirable 1705:1713 arg1 efficiency 1726:1735 desirable mechanical efficiency 1705:1735 desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels 1705:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 1 16 theme mechanical 195:204 arg1 properties 206:215 excellent mechanical properties 185:215 excellent mechanical properties 185:215 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 8 17 theme core 1262:1265 arg1 part 1267:1270 the core part 1258:1270 the core part 1258:1270 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 7 18 theme porous 1010:1015 arg1 material 1027:1034 a porous composite material 1008:1034 a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix 1008:1105 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 7 18 theme porous 1010:1015 arg1 fiber 999:1003 the single fiber 988:1003 the single fiber 988:1003 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 8 19 theme hoop 1223:1226 arg1 wall 1228:1231 the hoop wall 1219:1231 the hoop wall 1219:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 4 20 theme scanning 697:704 arg1 microscope 717:726 a scanning electronic microscope 695:726 a scanning electronic microscope 695:726 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 10 21 theme present 1539:1545 arg1 work 1547:1550 The present work 1535:1550 The present work 1535:1550 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 5 22 from behaviors 766:774 arg1 locations 815:823 different locations 805:823 different locations of the sponge 805:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 10 23 theme biomimetic 1683:1692 arg1 foams 1694:1698 new biomimetic foams 1679:1698 new biomimetic foams 1679:1698 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 6 24 theme samples 938:944 arg1 sets 920:923 four sets 915:923 four sets of segmental samples 915:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 6 24 theme samples 938:944 arg1 samples 938:944 segmental samples 928:944 segmental samples 928:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 10 25 theme super-light 1791:1801 arg1 panels 1812:1817 super-light sandwich panels 1791:1817 super-light sandwich panels 1791:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 7 26 theme single 992:997 arg1 material 1027:1034 a porous composite material 1008:1034 a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix 1008:1105 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 7 26 theme single 992:997 arg1 fiber 999:1003 the single fiber 988:1003 the single fiber 988:1003 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 1 27 theme Cellular 112:119 arg1 materials 121:129 Cellular materials 112:129 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems 112:175 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 5 28 theme mechanical 755:764 arg1 behaviors 766:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors 739:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge 739:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 2 29 theme Luffa 246:250 arg1 sponge 252:257 Luffa sponge 246:257 Luffa sponge 246:257 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 2 30 with materials 274:282 arg1 structure 322:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 0 31 from study 13:17 arg1 properties 52:61 the structural and mechanical properties 22:61 the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa 22:74 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 10 32 theme foams 1694:1698 arg1 fabrication 1664:1674 fabrication 1664:1674 fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels 1664:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 10 33 from applications 1749:1760 arg1 panels 1812:1817 super-light sandwich panels 1791:1817 super-light sandwich panels 1791:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 10 33 from applications 1749:1760 arg1 devices 1779:1785 anti-crushing devices 1765:1785 anti-crushing devices 1765:1785 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 0 34 theme Luffa 88:92 arg1 plant 105:109 Luffa cylindrica plant 88:109 Luffa cylindrica plant 88:109 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 1 35 located observed 146:153 arg1 systems 169:175 biological systems 158:175 biological systems 158:175 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 1 35 located observed 146:153 arg2 materials 121:129 Cellular materials 112:129 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems 112:175 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 3 36 theme whole 514:518 arg1 sponge 520:525 whole sponge 514:525 whole sponge 514:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 4 37 theme mechanical 540:549 arg1 behaviors 551:559 The tensile mechanical behaviors 528:559 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers 528:582 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 3 38 theme organization 465:476 arg1 levels 438:443 different levels 428:443 different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge 428:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 2 39 theme such 269:272 arg1 materials 274:282 such materials 269:282 such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure 269:330 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 9 40 theme 1.6 1517:1519 arg1 times 1521:1525 times 1521:1525 times 1521:1525 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 9 40 theme 1.6 1517:1519 arg1 's 1451:1452 the former's 1441:1452 the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed 1441:1505 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 9 41 from times 1521:1525 arg1 particular 1429:1438 particular 1429:1438 particular 1429:1438 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 3 42 theme mechanical 403:412 arg1 properties 414:423 its structural and mechanical properties 384:423 its structural and mechanical properties 384:423 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 10 43 theme relationship 1608:1619 arg1 understanding 1568:1580 our understanding 1564:1580 our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels 1564:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 5 44 theme foam-like 783:791 arg1 blocks 793:798 the foam-like blocks 779:798 the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge 779:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 9 45 theme surface 1327:1333 arg1 influence 1304:1312 the influence 1300:1312 the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample 1300:1384 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 9 45 theme surface 1327:1333 arg1 stronger 1389:1396 stronger 1389:1396 stronger 1389:1396 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 3 46 theme structural 388:397 arg1 properties 414:423 its structural and mechanical properties 384:423 its structural and mechanical properties 384:423 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 10 47 theme material 1636:1643 arg1 relationship 1608:1619 the structure-function relationship 1585:1619 the structure-function relationship 1585:1619 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 10 48 theme structure-function 1589:1606 arg1 relationship 1608:1619 the structure-function relationship 1585:1619 the structure-function relationship 1585:1619 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 0 49 theme mechanical 41:50 arg1 properties 52:61 the structural and mechanical properties 22:61 the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa 22:74 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 6 50 theme segmental 928:936 arg1 samples 938:944 segmental samples 928:944 segmental samples 928:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 4 51 theme Instron 604:610 arg1 machine 620:626 an Instron testing machine 601:626 an Instron testing machine 601:626 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 9 52 theme sample 1379:1384 arg1 property 1353:1360 the mechanical property 1338:1360 the mechanical property of the segmental sample 1338:1384 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 6 53 theme sets 920:923 arg1 responses 902:910 the compressive stress-strain responses 872:910 the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples 872:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 4 54 theme single 570:575 arg1 fibers 577:582 three single fibers 564:582 three single fibers 564:582 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 7 55 theme Young 1116:1120 arg1 modulus 1124:1130 its Young's modulus 1112:1130 its Young's modulus 1112:1130 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 3 56 theme sponge 520:525 arg1 segment 503:509 a segment 501:509 a segment of whole sponge 501:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 4 57 theme single 666:671 arg1 fiber 673:677 a fractured single fiber 654:677 a fractured single fiber 654:677 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 6 58 theme stress-strain 888:900 arg1 responses 902:910 the compressive stress-strain responses 872:910 the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples 872:944 The difference of the compressive stress-strain responses of four sets of segmental samples were also compared. 24636532 2 59 theme porous 315:320 arg1 structure 322:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 4 60 theme fractured 656:664 arg1 fiber 673:677 a fractured single fiber 654:677 a fractured single fiber 654:677 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 2 61 theme complex 291:297 arg1 structure 322:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 a complex interconnecting porous structure 289:330 Luffa sponge is one of such materials with a complex interconnecting porous structure. 24636532 5 62 theme sponge 832:837 arg1 locations 815:823 different locations 805:823 different locations of the sponge 805:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 7 63 theme cellulose 1057:1065 arg1 fibrils 1067:1073 cellulose fibrils 1057:1073 cellulose fibrils 1057:1073 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 10 64 theme anti-crushing 1765:1777 arg1 devices 1779:1785 anti-crushing devices 1765:1785 anti-crushing devices 1765:1785 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 8 65 theme samples 1206:1212 arg1 superior 1236:1243 superior 1236:1243 superior 1236:1243 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 8 65 theme samples 1206:1212 arg1 behavior 1184:1191 The mechanical behavior 1169:1191 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall 1169:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 7 66 theme composite 1017:1025 arg1 material 1027:1034 a porous composite material 1008:1034 a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix 1008:1105 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 7 66 theme composite 1017:1025 arg1 fiber 999:1003 the single fiber 988:1003 the single fiber 988:1003 The result shows that the single fiber is a porous composite material mainly consisting of cellulose fibrils and lignin/hemicellulose matrix, and its Young's modulus and strength are comparable to wood. 24636532 10 67 theme sandwich 1803:1810 arg1 panels 1812:1817 super-light sandwich panels 1791:1817 super-light sandwich panels 1791:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 8 68 from wall 1228:1231 arg1 superior 1236:1243 superior 1236:1243 superior 1236:1243 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 8 68 from wall 1228:1231 arg1 behavior 1184:1191 The mechanical behavior 1169:1191 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall 1169:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 8 68 from wall 1228:1231 arg1 samples 1206:1212 the block samples 1196:1212 the block samples from the hoop wall 1196:1231 The mechanical behavior of the block samples from the hoop wall is superior to that from the core part. 24636532 9 69 theme former 1445:1450 arg1 times 1521:1525 times 1521:1525 times 1521:1525 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 9 69 theme former 1445:1450 arg1 's 1451:1452 the former's 1441:1452 the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed 1441:1505 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 10 70 theme mechanical 1715:1724 arg1 efficiency 1726:1735 desirable mechanical efficiency 1705:1735 desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels 1705:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 4 71 theme electronic 706:715 arg1 microscope 717:726 a scanning electronic microscope 695:726 a scanning electronic microscope 695:726 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 5 72 theme compressive 743:753 arg1 behaviors 766:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors 739:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge 739:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 1 73 theme excellent 185:193 arg1 properties 206:215 excellent mechanical properties 185:215 excellent mechanical properties 185:215 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 9 74 theme Young 1454:1458 arg1 modulus 1462:1468 Young's modulus 1454:1468 Young's modulus 1454:1468 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 4 75 theme fiber 673:677 arg1 ultrastructure 636:649 the ultrastructure 632:649 the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber 632:677 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 0 76 theme luffa 70:74 arg1 properties 52:61 the structural and mechanical properties 22:61 the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa 22:74 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 10 77 theme natural 1628:1634 arg1 material 1636:1643 the natural material 1624:1643 the natural material 1624:1643 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 0 78 theme cylindrica 94:103 arg1 plant 105:109 Luffa cylindrica plant 88:109 Luffa cylindrica plant 88:109 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 9 79 theme strain 1484:1489 arg1 energy 1491:1496 strain energy 1484:1496 strain energy absorbed 1484:1505 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 4 80 located observed 683:690 arg2 ultrastructure 636:649 the ultrastructure 632:649 the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber 632:677 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 4 80 located observed 683:690 arg1 microscope 717:726 a scanning electronic microscope 695:726 a scanning electronic microscope 695:726 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 5 81 theme different 805:813 arg1 locations 815:823 different locations 805:823 different locations of the sponge 805:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 5 82 from locations 815:823 arg1 blocks 793:798 the foam-like blocks 779:798 the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge 779:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 5 82 from locations 815:823 arg1 behaviors 766:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors 739:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge 739:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 9 83 from influence 1304:1312 arg1 property 1353:1360 the mechanical property 1338:1360 the mechanical property of the segmental sample 1338:1384 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 3 84 theme different 428:436 arg1 levels 438:443 different levels 428:443 different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge 428:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 0 85 theme structural 26:35 arg1 properties 52:61 the structural and mechanical properties 22:61 the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa 22:74 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 9 86 theme inner 1321:1325 arg1 surface 1327:1333 the inner surface 1317:1333 the inner surface 1317:1333 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 3 87 theme hierarchical 452:463 arg1 organization 465:476 its hierarchical organization 448:476 its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge 448:525 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 5 88 theme blocks 793:798 arg1 behaviors 766:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors 739:774 the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge 739:837 Moreover, the compressive mechanical behaviors of the foam-like blocks from different locations of the sponge were examined. 24636532 4 89 theme tensile 532:538 arg1 behaviors 551:559 The tensile mechanical behaviors 528:559 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers 528:582 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 9 90 theme mechanical 1342:1351 arg1 property 1353:1360 the mechanical property 1338:1360 the mechanical property of the segmental sample 1338:1384 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 24636532 3 91 theme single 485:490 arg1 fiber 492:496 a single fiber 483:496 a single fiber 483:496 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 1 92 theme low 231:233 arg1 densities 235:243 remarkably low densities 220:243 remarkably low densities 220:243 Cellular materials that are often observed in biological systems exhibit excellent mechanical properties at remarkably low densities. 24636532 10 93 with fabrication 1664:1674 arg1 efficiency 1726:1735 desirable mechanical efficiency 1705:1735 desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels 1705:1817 The present work can improve our understanding of the structure-function relationship of the natural material, which may inspire fabrication of new biomimetic foams with desirable mechanical efficiency for further applications in anti-crushing devices and super-light sandwich panels. 24636532 4 94 theme testing 612:618 arg1 machine 620:626 an Instron testing machine 601:626 an Instron testing machine 601:626 The tensile mechanical behaviors of three single fibers were examined by an Instron testing machine and the ultrastructure of a fractured single fiber was observed in a scanning electronic microscope. 24636532 3 95 from levels 438:443 arg1 fiber 492:496 a single fiber 483:496 a single fiber 483:496 In this paper, we studied the relationship between its structural and mechanical properties at different levels of its hierarchical organization from a single fiber to a segment of whole sponge. 24636532 0 96 theme multiscale 2:11 arg1 study 13:17 A multiscale study 0:17 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa 0:74 A multiscale study on the structural and mechanical properties of the luffa sponge from Luffa cylindrica plant. 24636532 9 97 theme segmental 1369:1377 arg1 sample 1379:1384 the segmental sample 1365:1384 the segmental sample 1365:1384 Furthermore, it shows that the influence of the inner surface on the mechanical property of the segmental sample is stronger than that of the core part; in particular, the former's Young's modulus, strength and strain energy absorbed are about 1.6 times higher. 29279132 2 0 theme composition 427:437 arg1 analysis 439:446 Monosaccharide composition analysis 412:446 Monosaccharide composition analysis 412:446 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 6 1 theme -α-l-Araf- 1072:1081 arg1 -α-l-Araf- 1087:1096 β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→) 1058:1100 β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→) 1058:1100 The side chains are consisted of β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→), α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→), and β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→). 29279132 4 2 theme Smith 775:779 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 2 theme Smith 775:779 arg1 degradation 781:791 Smith degradation 775:791 Smith degradation 775:791 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 1 3 theme water-soluble 126:138 arg1 CZGS-1 156:161 CZGS-1 156:161 CZGS-1 156:161 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 1 3 theme water-soluble 126:138 arg1 polysaccharide 140:153 A new water-soluble polysaccharide 120:153 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) 120:162 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 5 4 theme residues 939:946 arg1 backbone 868:875 a backbone 866:875 a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 866:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 1 5 theme rotation 220:227 arg1 weight 179:184 molecular weight 169:184 molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 169:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 2 6 theme Monosaccharide 412:425 arg1 analysis 439:446 Monosaccharide composition analysis 412:446 Monosaccharide composition analysis 412:446 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 0 7 from features 11:18 arg1 exudates 71:78 the gum exudates 63:78 the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum) 63:117 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 1 8 with polysaccharide 140:153 arg1 weight 179:184 molecular weight 169:184 molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 169:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 1 9 theme DEAE-cellulose 361:374 arg1 A52 376:378 DEAE-cellulose A52 361:378 DEAE-cellulose A52 361:378 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 0 10 dep Zedo 109:112 arg1 gum 114:116 gum 114:116 Zedo gum 109:116 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 6 11 theme β-d-GlcAp- 1137:1146 arg1 -β-d-Galp- 1152:1161 β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→) 1137:1165 β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→) 1137:1165 The side chains are consisted of β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→), α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→), and β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→). 29279132 1 12 theme A52 376:378 arg1 columns 403:409 DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns 361:409 DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns 361:409 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 6 13 theme side 1029:1032 arg1 chains 1034:1039 The side chains 1025:1039 The side chains 1025:1039 The side chains are consisted of β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→), α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→), and β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→). 29279132 1 14 theme +31.5° 232:237 arg1 rotation 220:227 a specific optical rotation 201:227 a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 201:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 1 14 theme +31.5° 232:237 arg1 4860kDa 189:195 4860kDa 189:195 4860kDa 189:195 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 6 15 dep -α-l-Araf- 1087:1096 arg1 1→3 1083:1085 1→3 1083:1085 1→3 1083:1085 The side chains are consisted of β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→), α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→), and β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→). 29279132 3 16 theme CZGS-1 602:607 arg1 content 591:597 The uronic acid content 575:597 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 575:607 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 was about 6%. 29279132 3 16 theme CZGS-1 602:607 arg1 % 620:620 about 6% 613:620 about 6% 613:620 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 was about 6%. 29279132 2 17 theme 1.1:20:5.2:17.9 558:572 arg1 ratio 549:553 a relative molar ratio 532:553 a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9 532:572 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 0 18 dep Spach 102:106 arg1 Zedo 109:112 Zedo 109:112 Zedo 109:112 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 1 19 with purification 343:354 arg1 columns 403:409 DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns 361:409 DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns 361:409 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 4 20 theme periodic 747:754 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 20 theme periodic 747:754 arg1 oxidation 761:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 1 21 theme Sephacryl 384:392 arg1 HR 400:401 Sephacryl S-400 HR 384:401 Sephacryl S-400 HR 384:401 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 0 22 theme Spach 102:106 arg1 exudates 71:78 the gum exudates 63:78 the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum) 63:117 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 5 23 theme side 953:956 arg1 chains 958:963 side chains 953:963 side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 953:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 2 24 theme molar 543:547 arg1 ratio 549:553 a relative molar ratio 532:553 a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9 532:572 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 1 25 theme S-400 394:398 arg1 HR 400:401 Sephacryl S-400 HR 384:401 Sephacryl S-400 HR 384:401 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 0:118 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 1 27 theme Spach 310:314 arg1 exudate 280:286 the gum exudate 272:286 the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water 272:327 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 2 28 theme relative 534:541 arg1 ratio 549:553 a relative molar ratio 532:553 a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9 532:572 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 1 29 theme HR 400:401 arg1 columns 403:409 DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns 361:409 DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns 361:409 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 4 30 theme CZGS-1 646:651 arg1 features 634:641 Structural features 623:641 Structural features of CZGS-1 623:651 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 5 31 theme 1,3,6-linked 1002:1013 arg1 β-d-Galp 1015:1022 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 1002:1022 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 1002:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 1 32 theme gum 276:278 arg1 exudate 280:286 the gum exudate 272:286 the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water 272:327 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 5 33 theme β-d-Galp 1015:1022 arg1 positions 989:997 O-3 and O-6 positions 977:997 positions 989:997 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 4 34 theme acid 756:759 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 34 theme acid 756:759 arg1 oxidation 761:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 1 35 theme hot 319:321 arg1 water 323:327 hot water 319:327 hot water 319:327 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 6 36 theme β-d-Xylp- 1058:1066 arg1 -α-l-Araf- 1087:1096 β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→) 1058:1100 β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→) 1058:1100 The side chains are consisted of β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→), α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→), and β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→). 29279132 5 37 contain possesses 856:864 arg1 CZGS-1 849:854 CZGS-1 849:854 CZGS-1 849:854 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 5 37 contain possesses 856:864 arg2 backbone 868:875 a backbone 866:875 a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 866:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 1 38 theme molecular 169:177 arg1 weight 179:184 molecular weight 169:184 molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 169:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 1 39 dep c 240:240 arg1 H2O 247:249 H2O 247:249 H2O 247:249 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 0 40 theme water-soluble 29:41 arg1 polysaccharide 43:56 a new water-soluble polysaccharide 23:56 a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum) 23:117 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 0 41 from exudates 71:78 arg1 polysaccharide 43:56 a new water-soluble polysaccharide 23:56 a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum) 23:117 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 0 41 from exudates 71:78 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 0:118 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 0 42 theme new 25:27 arg1 polysaccharide 43:56 a new water-soluble polysaccharide 23:56 a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum) 23:117 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 5 43 theme O-6 985:987 arg1 positions 989:997 O-3 and O-6 positions 977:997 positions 989:997 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 2 44 theme arabino 477:483 arg1 CZGS-1 463:468 CZGS-1 463:468 CZGS-1 463:468 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 2 44 theme arabino 477:483 arg1 galactan 485:492 an arabino galactan 474:492 an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal 474:525 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 4 45 theme methylation 715:725 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 45 theme methylation 715:725 arg1 analysis 737:744 methylation and GC-MS analysis 715:744 analysis 737:744 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 1 46 theme 4860kDa 189:195 arg1 weight 179:184 molecular weight 169:184 molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 169:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 5 47 with backbone 868:875 arg1 chains 958:963 side chains 953:963 side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 953:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 5 48 theme 1→ 936:937 arg1 residues 939:946 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues 880:946 residues 939:946 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 5 49 theme -β-d-Galp- 903:912 arg1 1→ 914:915 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues 880:946 1→ 914:915 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 5 50 link 1,3,6-linked 1002:1013 arg1 β-d-Galp 1015:1022 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 1002:1022 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 1002:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 5 51 theme O-3 977:979 arg1 positions 989:997 O-3 and O-6 positions 977:997 positions 989:997 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 0 52 theme polysaccharide 43:56 arg1 features 11:18 Structural features 0:18 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 0:118 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 4 53 theme FT-IR 794:798 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 53 theme FT-IR 794:798 arg1 spectroscopy 808:819 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 794:819 spectroscopy 808:819 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 5 54 theme 1→ 914:915 arg1 backbone 868:875 a backbone 866:875 a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 866:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 4 55 theme GC-MS 731:735 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 55 theme GC-MS 731:735 arg1 analysis 737:744 methylation and GC-MS analysis 715:744 analysis 737:744 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 5 56 attach attached 965:972 arg2 chains 958:963 side chains 953:963 side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp 953:1022 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 5 56 attach attached 965:972 arg1 positions 989:997 O-3 and O-6 positions 977:997 positions 989:997 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 2 57 with galactan 485:492 arg1 ratio 549:553 a relative molar ratio 532:553 a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9 532:572 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicates that CZGS-1 was an arabino galactan including Rha, Ara, Xyl, and Gal with a relative molar ratio of 1.1:20:5.2:17.9. 29279132 5 58 theme →3 922:923 arg1 residues 939:946 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues 880:946 residues 939:946 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 6 59 theme α-l-Rhap- 1103:1111 arg1 -β-d-Galp- 1117:1126 α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→) 1103:1130 α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→) 1103:1130 The side chains are consisted of β-d-Xylp-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→3)-α-l-Araf-(1→), α-l-Rhap-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→), and β-d-GlcAp-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→). 29279132 5 60 theme -β-d-Galp- 885:894 arg1 1→ 914:915 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues 880:946 1→ 914:915 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 4 61 theme acid 698:701 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 61 theme acid 698:701 arg1 spectroscopy 808:819 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 794:819 spectroscopy 808:819 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 61 theme acid 698:701 arg1 oxidation 761:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 61 theme acid 698:701 arg1 degradation 781:791 Smith degradation 775:791 Smith degradation 775:791 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 61 theme acid 698:701 arg1 analysis 737:744 methylation and GC-MS analysis 715:744 analysis 737:744 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 62 theme NMR 804:806 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 62 theme NMR 804:806 arg1 spectroscopy 808:819 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 794:819 spectroscopy 808:819 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 3 63 theme uronic 579:584 arg1 content 591:597 The uronic acid content 575:597 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 575:607 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 was about 6%. 29279132 3 63 theme uronic 579:584 arg1 % 620:620 about 6% 613:620 about 6% 613:620 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 was about 6%. 29279132 4 64 theme partial 690:696 arg1 hydrolysis 703:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 partial acid hydrolysis 690:712 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 64 theme partial 690:696 arg1 spectroscopy 808:819 FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 794:819 spectroscopy 808:819 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 64 theme partial 690:696 arg1 oxidation 761:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 periodic acid oxidation 747:769 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 64 theme partial 690:696 arg1 degradation 781:791 Smith degradation 775:791 Smith degradation 775:791 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 4 64 theme partial 690:696 arg1 analysis 737:744 methylation and GC-MS analysis 715:744 analysis 737:744 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 5 65 theme -α-l-Araf- 925:934 arg1 residues 939:946 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues 880:946 residues 939:946 The results indicated that CZGS-1 possesses a backbone of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, and →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues with side chains attached to O-3 and O-6 positions of 1,3,6-linked β-d-Galp. 29279132 4 66 theme Structural 623:632 arg1 features 634:641 Structural features 623:641 Structural features of CZGS-1 623:651 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 0 67 theme gum 67:69 arg1 exudates 71:78 the gum exudates 63:78 the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum) 63:117 Structural features of a new water-soluble polysaccharide from the gum exudates of Amygdalus scoparia Spach (Zedo gum). 29279132 3 68 theme acid 586:589 arg1 content 591:597 The uronic acid content 575:597 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 575:607 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 was about 6%. 29279132 3 68 theme acid 586:589 arg1 % 620:620 about 6% 613:620 about 6% 613:620 The uronic acid content of CZGS-1 was about 6%. 29279132 1 69 theme specific 203:210 arg1 rotation 220:227 a specific optical rotation 201:227 a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 201:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 4 70 theme hydrolysis 703:712 arg1 combination 675:685 a combination 673:685 a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy 673:819 Structural features of CZGS-1 was investigated by a combination of partial acid hydrolysis, methylation and GC-MS analysis, periodic acid oxidation and Smith degradation, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. 29279132 1 71 theme new 122:124 arg1 CZGS-1 156:161 CZGS-1 156:161 CZGS-1 156:161 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 1 71 theme new 122:124 arg1 polysaccharide 140:153 A new water-soluble polysaccharide 120:153 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) 120:162 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 29279132 1 72 theme optical 212:218 arg1 rotation 220:227 a specific optical rotation 201:227 a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O) 201:250 A new water-soluble polysaccharide (CZGS-1) with molecular weight of 4860kDa and a specific optical rotation of +31.5° (c 1.0, H2O), was extracted from the gum exudate of Amygdalus scoparia Spach by hot water, following by purification with DEAE-cellulose A52 and Sephacryl S-400 HR columns. 27178934 9 0 theme direct 1420:1425 arg1 contact 1427:1433 the direct contact 1416:1433 the direct contact between surfaces 1416:1450 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites. 27178934 8 1 from improvement 1282:1292 arg1 properties 1312:1321 the mechanical properties 1297:1321 the mechanical properties 1297:1321 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 2 2 theme CNFs 367:370 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 7 3 theme CNFs 1095:1098 arg1 composites 1111:1120 the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites 1071:1120 the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites 1071:1120 Furthermore, the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites outperformed the untreated composites. 27178934 0 4 theme bio-epoxy 91:99 arg1 composites 101:110 bio-epoxy composites 91:110 bio-epoxy composites 91:110 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 27178934 6 5 theme manufactured 938:949 arg1 composites 951:960 the manufactured composites 934:960 the manufactured composites 934:960 The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. 27178934 6 6 theme epoxy 1043:1047 arg1 samples 1049:1055 the pure epoxy samples 1034:1055 the pure epoxy samples 1034:1055 The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. 27178934 8 7 theme resin 1227:1231 arg1 curing 1213:1218 the curing 1209:1218 the curing of the resin 1209:1231 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 9 8 theme uniform 1365:1371 arg1 tribo-layer 1373:1383 uniform tribo-layer 1365:1383 uniform tribo-layer 1365:1383 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites. 27178934 8 9 mod modification 1173:1184 arg3 surface 1165:1171 The surface modification 1161:1184 The surface modification of the fibers 1161:1198 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 8 9 mod modification 1173:1184 arg1 fibers 1193:1198 the fibers 1189:1198 the fibers 1189:1198 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 3 10 theme chemical 513:520 arg1 modification 522:533 chemical modification 513:533 chemical modification 513:533 More specifically, the CNFs with and without chemical modification were utilized in the composites. 27178934 4 11 dep methods 705:711 arg1 both 633:636 both 633:636 both 633:636 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 4 12 theme Differential 665:676 arg1 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 4 12 theme Differential 665:676 arg1 Calorimetry 687:697 isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry 642:697 Calorimetry 687:697 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 4 13 theme prepared 595:602 arg1 composites 604:613 the prepared composites 591:613 the prepared composites 591:613 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 2 14 theme Liquid 428:433 arg1 process 459:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 5 15 theme composites 895:904 arg1 correlations 875:886 the structure-property correlations 852:886 the structure-property correlations of the composites 852:904 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties were investigated on the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites. 27178934 3 16 used utilized 540:547 arg2 CNFs 491:494 the CNFs 487:494 the CNFs with and without chemical modification 487:533 More specifically, the CNFs with and without chemical modification were utilized in the composites. 27178934 5 17 theme mechanical 748:757 arg1 properties 776:785 the mechanical and tribological properties 744:785 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties 714:785 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties were investigated on the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites. 27178934 0 18 theme Mechanical 0:9 arg1 characterization 38:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization 0:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers 0:78 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 27178934 4 19 theme dynamic 657:663 arg1 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 4 19 theme dynamic 657:663 arg1 Calorimetry 687:697 isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry 642:697 Calorimetry 687:697 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 8 20 theme activation 1249:1258 arg1 energy 1260:1265 the activation energy 1245:1265 the activation energy 1245:1265 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 4 21 theme Calorimetry 687:697 arg1 methods 705:711 both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods 633:711 methods 705:711 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 2 22 theme LCM 454:456 arg1 process 459:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 1 23 theme energy 275:280 arg1 efficiencies 282:293 energy efficiencies 275:293 energy efficiencies 275:293 The development of bio-based composites is essential in order to protect the environment while enhancing energy efficiencies. 27178934 9 24 theme epoxy 1343:1347 arg1 composites 1349:1358 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites 1324:1358 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites 1324:1358 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites. 27178934 2 25 theme epoxy 383:387 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 9 26 theme composites 1501:1510 arg1 friction 1476:1483 friction 1476:1483 friction 1476:1483 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites. 27178934 2 27 theme present 303:309 arg1 investigation 311:323 the present investigation 299:323 the present investigation 299:323 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 2 28 theme Composite 435:443 arg1 process 459:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 2 29 theme Molding 445:451 arg1 process 459:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process 424:465 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 4 30 theme curing 572:577 arg1 kinetics 579:586 The curing kinetics 568:586 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites 568:613 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 7 31 theme untreated 1139:1147 arg1 composites 1149:1158 the untreated composites 1135:1158 the untreated composites 1135:1158 Furthermore, the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites outperformed the untreated composites. 27178934 1 32 theme composites 199:208 arg1 development 174:184 The development 170:184 The development of bio-based composites 170:208 The development of bio-based composites is essential in order to protect the environment while enhancing energy efficiencies. 27178934 1 32 theme composites 199:208 arg1 essential 213:221 essential 213:221 essential 213:221 The development of bio-based composites is essential in order to protect the environment while enhancing energy efficiencies. 27178934 8 33 theme surface 1165:1171 arg1 modification 1173:1184 The surface modification 1161:1184 The surface modification of the fibers 1161:1198 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 9 34 dep friction 1476:1483 arg1 the 1472:1474 the 1472:1474 the 1472:1474 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites. 27178934 4 35 theme Scanning 678:685 arg1 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 4 35 theme Scanning 678:685 arg1 Calorimetry 687:697 isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry 642:697 Calorimetry 687:697 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 5 36 theme structure-property 856:873 arg1 correlations 875:886 the structure-property correlations 852:886 the structure-property correlations of the composites 852:904 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties were investigated on the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites. 27178934 0 37 theme tribological 25:36 arg1 characterization 38:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization 0:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers 0:78 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 27178934 6 38 theme tribological 993:1004 arg1 properties 1006:1015 improved mechanical and tribological properties 969:1015 improved mechanical and tribological properties 969:1015 The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. 27178934 4 39 theme isothermal 642:651 arg1 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 DSC 700:702 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 4 39 theme isothermal 642:651 arg1 Calorimetry 687:697 isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry 642:697 Calorimetry 687:697 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 0 40 theme nano-cellulose 58:71 arg1 fibers 73:78 nano-cellulose fibers 58:78 nano-cellulose fibers 58:78 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 27178934 0 41 theme Green 152:156 arg1 composite 159:167 the 'Green' composite 147:167 the 'Green' composite 147:167 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 27178934 5 42 theme tribological 763:774 arg1 properties 776:785 the mechanical and tribological properties 744:785 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties 714:785 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties were investigated on the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites. 27178934 2 43 theme nano-fibers 354:364 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 5 44 theme cured 812:816 arg1 composites 818:827 the cured composites 808:827 the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites 808:904 The microstructure as well as the mechanical and tribological properties were investigated on the cured composites in order to understand the structure-property correlations of the composites. 27178934 6 45 theme mechanical 978:987 arg1 properties 1006:1015 improved mechanical and tribological properties 969:1015 improved mechanical and tribological properties 969:1015 The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. 27178934 7 46 theme reinforced 1100:1109 arg1 composites 1111:1120 the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites 1071:1120 the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites 1071:1120 Furthermore, the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites outperformed the untreated composites. 27178934 2 47 theme cellulose 344:352 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 6 48 theme improved 969:976 arg1 properties 1006:1015 improved mechanical and tribological properties 969:1015 improved mechanical and tribological properties 969:1015 The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. 27178934 8 49 theme fibers 1193:1198 arg1 modification 1173:1184 The surface modification 1161:1184 The surface modification of the fibers 1161:1198 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 8 50 theme mechanical 1301:1310 arg1 properties 1312:1321 the mechanical properties 1297:1321 the mechanical properties 1297:1321 The surface modification of the fibers improved the curing of the resin by reducing the activation energy, and led to an improvement in the mechanical properties. 27178934 2 51 theme plant-derived 330:342 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 6 52 theme pure 1038:1041 arg1 samples 1049:1055 the pure epoxy samples 1034:1055 the pure epoxy samples 1034:1055 The results indicated that the manufactured composites showed improved mechanical and tribological properties when compared to the pure epoxy samples. 27178934 7 53 theme modified 1086:1093 arg1 composites 1111:1120 the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites 1071:1120 the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites 1071:1120 Furthermore, the chemically modified CNFs reinforced composites outperformed the untreated composites. 27178934 4 54 theme composites 604:613 arg1 kinetics 579:586 The curing kinetics 568:586 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites 568:613 The curing kinetics of the prepared composites was studied using both the isothermal and dynamic Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods. 27178934 9 55 theme CNFs/bio-based 1328:1341 arg1 composites 1349:1358 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites 1324:1358 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites 1324:1358 The CNFs/bio-based epoxy composites form uniform tribo-layer during sliding which minimizes the direct contact between surfaces, thus reducing both the friction and wear of the composites. 27178934 1 56 theme bio-based 189:197 arg1 composites 199:208 bio-based composites 189:208 bio-based composites 189:208 The development of bio-based composites is essential in order to protect the environment while enhancing energy efficiencies. 27178934 2 57 theme /bio-based 372:381 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 0 58 theme fibers 73:78 arg1 characterization 38:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization 0:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers 0:78 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 27178934 2 59 link plant-derived 330:342 arg1 composites 389:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites 326:398 In the present investigation, the plant-derived cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs)/bio-based epoxy composites were manufactured using the Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) process. 27178934 0 60 theme physical 12:19 arg1 characterization 38:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization 0:53 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers 0:78 Mechanical, physical and tribological characterization of nano-cellulose fibers reinforced bio-epoxy composites: An attempt to fabricate and scale the 'Green' composite. 24963550 5 0 theme chiral 878:883 arg1 selector 885:892 the chiral selector and mobile phase composition 874:921 selector 885:892 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 0 1 from chromatography 24:37 arg1 phases 135:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 96:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution 96:165 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 7 2 theme elution 1286:1292 arg1 reversal 1300:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 1 3 theme chromatography 216:229 arg1 enantioseparation 231:247 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 188:247 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 188:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 0 4 theme stationary 124:133 arg1 phases 135:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 96:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution 96:165 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 7 5 theme order 1294:1298 arg1 reversal 1300:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 7 6 theme Interesting 1234:1244 arg1 phenomena 1246:1254 Interesting phenomena 1234:1254 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1234:1307 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 7 7 theme enantiomer 1275:1284 arg1 reversal 1300:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 0 8 theme multimodal 148:157 arg1 elution 159:165 multimodal elution 148:165 multimodal elution 148:165 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 7 9 theme solvent-induced 1259:1273 arg1 reversal 1300:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1259:1307 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 1 10 from enantioseparation 231:247 arg1 phases 330:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 5 11 theme nonstandard 1007:1017 arg1 solvents 1019:1026 nonstandard solvents 1007:1026 nonstandard solvents 1007:1026 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 12 from order 972:976 arg1 enantioseparation 930:946 the enantioseparation 926:946 the enantioseparation 926:946 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 13 theme solvents 1019:1026 arg1 order 972:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 13 theme solvents 1019:1026 arg1 effect 864:869 The effect 860:869 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation 860:946 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 13 theme solvents 1019:1026 arg1 effect 997:1002 the beneficial effect 982:1002 the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents 982:1026 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 4 14 theme polar 834:838 arg1 conditions 848:857 normal-phase and polar organic conditions 817:857 normal-phase and polar organic conditions 817:857 Moreover, Chiralcel OJ was considered under normal-phase and polar organic conditions. 24963550 5 15 theme elution 964:970 arg1 order 972:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 3 16 used used 705:708 arg2 IA--were 696:703 IA--were 696:703 IA--were 696:703 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 16 used used 705:708 arg2 IC 689:690 Chiralpak IC 679:690 Chiralpak IC 679:690 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 5 17 theme enantiomer 953:962 arg1 order 972:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 2 18 theme organic 523:529 arg1 frameworks 531:540 homochiral metal organic frameworks 506:540 homochiral metal organic frameworks 506:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 4 19 theme Chiralcel 783:791 arg1 OJ 793:794 Chiralcel OJ 783:794 Chiralcel OJ 783:794 Moreover, Chiralcel OJ was considered under normal-phase and polar organic conditions. 24963550 6 20 theme hydrophilic 1173:1183 arg1 chromatography 1204:1217 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1173:1217 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1173:1217 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 5 21 theme composition 911:921 arg1 order 972:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 21 theme composition 911:921 arg1 effect 864:869 The effect 860:869 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation 860:946 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 21 theme composition 911:921 arg1 effect 997:1002 the beneficial effect 982:1002 the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents 982:1026 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 6 22 from enantioselectivity 1089:1106 arg1 effect 1046:1051 The effect 1042:1051 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention 1042:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 7 23 theme reversal 1300:1307 arg1 phenomena 1246:1254 Interesting phenomena 1234:1254 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal 1234:1307 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 6 24 theme retention 1143:1151 arg1 profiles 1153:1160 retention profiles 1143:1160 retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1143:1217 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 6 25 dep enantioselectivity 1089:1106 arg1 the 1085:1087 the 1085:1087 the 1085:1087 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 0 26 theme liquid 17:22 arg1 chromatography 24:37 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 0:55 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 0:166 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 5 27 theme selector 885:892 arg1 order 972:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 the enantiomer elution order 949:976 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 27 theme selector 885:892 arg1 effect 864:869 The effect 860:869 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation 860:946 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 27 theme selector 885:892 arg1 effect 997:1002 the beneficial effect 982:1002 the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents 982:1026 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 6 28 theme chromatography 1204:1217 arg1 typical 1162:1168 typical 1162:1168 typical 1162:1168 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 1 29 theme polyhalogenated 255:269 arg1 4,4'-bipyridines 271:286 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines 252:286 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines 252:286 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 0 30 theme High-performance 0:15 arg1 chromatography 24:37 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 0:55 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 0:166 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 7 31 theme normal-phase 1324:1335 arg1 mode 1337:1340 normal-phase mode 1324:1340 normal-phase mode 1324:1340 Interesting phenomena of solvent-induced enantiomer elution order reversal occurred under normal-phase mode. 24963550 6 32 from retention 1112:1120 arg1 effect 1046:1051 The effect 1042:1051 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention 1042:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 2 33 theme separations 417:427 arg1 generation 393:402 the generation 389:402 the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks 389:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 1 34 theme 4,4'-bipyridines 271:286 arg1 enantioseparation 231:247 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 188:247 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 188:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 0 35 theme enantioseparation 39:55 arg1 chromatography 24:37 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 0:55 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 0:166 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 6 36 from phase 1076:1080 arg1 retention 1112:1120 retention 1112:1120 retention 1112:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 6 36 from phase 1076:1080 arg1 enantioselectivity 1089:1106 enantioselectivity 1089:1106 enantioselectivity 1089:1106 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 1 37 from investigation 171:183 arg1 enantioseparation 231:247 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 188:247 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 188:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 2 38 theme efficient 407:415 arg1 separations 417:427 efficient separations 407:427 efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks 407:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 6 39 theme interaction 1185:1195 arg1 chromatography 1204:1217 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1173:1217 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1173:1217 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 3 40 theme elution 758:764 arg1 modes 766:770 reversed-phase elution modes 743:770 reversed-phase elution modes 743:770 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 41 theme Chiralpak 679:687 arg1 IC 689:690 Chiralpak IC 679:690 Chiralpak IC 679:690 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 1 42 theme polysaccharide-based 291:310 arg1 phases 330:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 0 43 theme polyhalogenated 60:74 arg1 4,4'-bipyridines 76:91 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines 60:91 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines 60:91 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 4 44 theme normal-phase 817:828 arg1 conditions 848:857 normal-phase and polar organic conditions 817:857 normal-phase and polar organic conditions 817:857 Moreover, Chiralcel OJ was considered under normal-phase and polar organic conditions. 24963550 2 45 theme metal 517:521 arg1 frameworks 531:540 homochiral metal organic frameworks 506:540 homochiral metal organic frameworks 506:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 6 46 theme mobile 1069:1074 arg1 phase 1076:1080 the mobile phase 1065:1080 the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention 1065:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 6 47 theme liquid 1197:1202 arg1 chromatography 1204:1217 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1173:1217 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1173:1217 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 1 48 theme chiral 312:317 arg1 phases 330:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 5 49 theme mobile 898:903 arg1 composition 911:921 the chiral selector and mobile phase composition 874:921 composition 911:921 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 50 theme beneficial 986:995 arg1 effect 997:1002 the beneficial effect 982:1002 the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents 982:1026 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 1 51 theme stationary 319:328 arg1 phases 330:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 291:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 5 52 theme phase 905:909 arg1 composition 911:921 the chiral selector and mobile phase composition 874:921 composition 911:921 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 5 53 from effect 864:869 arg1 enantioseparation 930:946 the enantioseparation 926:946 the enantioseparation 926:946 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 3 54 theme reversed-phase 743:756 arg1 modes 766:770 reversed-phase elution modes 743:770 reversed-phase elution modes 743:770 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 55 theme Lux 572:574 arg1 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 55 theme Lux 572:574 arg1 Cellulose-1 576:586 Lux Cellulose-1 572:586 Lux Cellulose-1 572:586 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 2 56 theme pure 448:451 arg1 ligands 485:491 ligands 485:491 ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks 485:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 2 56 theme pure 448:451 arg1 atropisomers 453:464 pure atropisomers 448:464 pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks 448:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 0 57 theme 4,4'-bipyridines 76:91 arg1 chromatography 24:37 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation 0:55 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 0:166 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 6 58 theme water 1056:1060 arg1 effect 1046:1051 The effect 1042:1051 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention 1042:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 6 59 theme typical 1162:1168 arg1 profiles 1153:1160 retention profiles 1143:1160 retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1143:1217 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 3 60 theme Lux 606:608 arg1 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 60 theme Lux 606:608 arg1 Cellulose-4 610:620 Lux Cellulose-4 606:620 Lux Cellulose-4 606:620 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 61 theme Lux 589:591 arg1 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 61 theme Lux 589:591 arg1 Cellulose-2 593:603 Lux Cellulose-2 589:603 Lux Cellulose-2 589:603 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 8 62 theme multimilligram 1408:1421 arg1 level 1423:1427 the multimilligram level 1404:1427 the multimilligram level 1404:1427 All the considered 4,4'-bipyridines were enantioseparated at the multimilligram level. 24963550 8 63 theme considered 1351:1360 arg1 4,4'-bipyridines 1362:1377 All the considered 4,4'-bipyridines 1343:1377 All the considered 4,4'-bipyridines 1343:1377 All the considered 4,4'-bipyridines were enantioseparated at the multimilligram level. 24963550 3 64 theme Lux 627:629 arg1 Amylose-2--and 631:644 Lux Amylose-2--and two 627:648 Lux Amylose-2--and two 627:648 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 3 64 theme Lux 627:629 arg1 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 columns--namely 555:569 Four coated columns--namely, Lux Cellulose-1, Lux Cellulose-2, Lux Cellulose-4, and Lux Amylose-2--and two immobilized columns--namely, Chiralpak IC and IA--were used under normal, polar organic, and reversed-phase elution modes. 24963550 4 65 theme organic 840:846 arg1 conditions 848:857 normal-phase and polar organic conditions 817:857 normal-phase and polar organic conditions 817:857 Moreover, Chiralcel OJ was considered under normal-phase and polar organic conditions. 24963550 0 66 theme chiral 117:122 arg1 phases 135:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 96:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution 96:165 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 2 67 theme homochiral 506:515 arg1 frameworks 531:540 homochiral metal organic frameworks 506:540 homochiral metal organic frameworks 506:540 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 2 68 theme overall 355:361 arg1 study 363:367 The overall study 351:367 The overall study 351:367 The overall study was directed toward the generation of efficient separations in order to obtain pure atropisomers that will serve as ligands for building homochiral metal organic frameworks. 24963550 5 69 from effect 997:1002 arg1 enantioseparation 930:946 the enantioseparation 926:946 the enantioseparation 926:946 The effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition on the enantioseparation, the enantiomer elution order and the beneficial effect of nonstandard solvents were studied. 24963550 1 70 theme high-performance 192:207 arg1 chromatography 216:229 high-performance liquid chromatography 192:229 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 188:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 0 71 theme polysaccharide-based 96:115 arg1 phases 135:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 96:140 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution 96:165 High-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases under multimodal elution. 24963550 1 72 theme liquid 209:214 arg1 chromatography 216:229 high-performance liquid chromatography 192:229 the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 188:335 An investigation on the high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of 12 polyhalogenated 4,4'-bipyridines on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases is described. 24963550 6 73 from effect 1046:1051 arg1 retention 1112:1120 retention 1112:1120 retention 1112:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 6 73 from effect 1046:1051 arg1 phase 1076:1080 the mobile phase 1065:1080 the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention 1065:1120 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 24963550 6 73 from effect 1046:1051 arg1 enantioselectivity 1089:1106 enantioselectivity 1089:1106 enantioselectivity 1089:1106 The effect of water in the mobile phase on the enantioselectivity and retention was investigated and retention profiles typical of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography were observed. 26307704 0 0 theme octasaccharide 83:96 arg1 isomers 98:104 heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers 62:104 heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers 62:104 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 2 1 theme glucuronic 466:475 arg1 acid 477:480 glucuronic acid 466:480 glucuronic acid (GlcA) 466:487 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 2 1 theme glucuronic 466:475 arg1 GlcA 483:486 GlcA 483:486 GlcA 483:486 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 6 2 theme glycosidic 999:1008 arg1 ion 1018:1020 a glycosidic product ion 997:1020 a glycosidic product ion 997:1020 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 1 3 dep isomeric 393:400 arg1 sulfate 354:360 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate 311:360 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) 311:365 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 3 dep isomeric 393:400 arg1 HS 363:364 HS 363:364 HS 363:364 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 0 4 theme sulfate-like 70:81 arg1 isomers 98:104 heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers 62:104 heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers 62:104 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 3 5 theme compact 610:616 arg1 conformation 618:629 a more compact conformation 603:629 a more compact conformation 603:629 IMMS analysis showed that a fully GlcA structure exhibited a more compact conformation, whereas the fully IdoA structure was more extended. 26307704 5 6 theme different 834:842 arg1 spectra 844:850 very different spectra 829:850 very different spectra 829:850 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 2 7 theme iduronic 492:499 arg1 IdoA 507:510 IdoA 507:510 IdoA 507:510 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 2 7 theme iduronic 492:499 arg1 acid 501:504 iduronic acid 492:504 iduronic acid (IdoA) 492:511 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 1 8 theme produced 329:336 arg1 sulfate 354:360 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate 311:360 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) 311:365 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 8 theme produced 329:336 arg1 HS 363:364 HS 363:364 HS 363:364 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 7 9 theme product 1120:1126 arg1 ions 1128:1131 more intense product ions 1107:1131 more intense product ions 1107:1131 This resulted in an earlier product ion formation and more intense product ions. 26307704 8 10 from located 1256:1262 arg1 structure 1283:1291 each unique dp8 structure 1267:1291 each unique dp8 structure 1267:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 2 11 from positions 533:541 arg1 structures 420:429 These structures 414:429 These structures 414:429 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 2 11 from positions 533:541 arg1 residues 513:520 isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues 435:520 isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues 435:520 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 0 12 theme isomers 98:104 arg1 sequencing 13:22 sequencing 13:22 sequencing 13:22 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 0 12 theme isomers 98:104 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 0 12 theme isomers 98:104 arg1 spectrometry 46:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 1 13 theme heparin/heparan 338:352 arg1 sulfate 354:360 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate 311:360 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) 311:365 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 13 theme heparin/heparan 338:352 arg1 HS 363:364 HS 363:364 HS 363:364 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 4 14 from IdoA 715:718 arg1 change 703:708 the change 699:708 the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations 699:748 Interestingly, the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations resulted in strong conformational distortions. 26307704 0 15 theme glucuronic 119:128 arg1 acid 143:146 glucuronic and iduronic acid 119:146 acid 143:146 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 1 16 theme ion 172:174 arg1 IMMS 204:207 IMMS 204:207 IMMS 204:207 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 16 theme ion 172:174 arg1 spectrometry 190:201 ion mobility mass spectrometry 172:201 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation 172:219 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 2 17 theme isomeric 435:442 arg1 structures 420:429 These structures 414:429 These structures 414:429 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 2 17 theme isomeric 435:442 arg1 residues 513:520 isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues 435:520 isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues 435:520 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 8 18 theme IdoA 1221:1224 arg1 positions 1199:1207 the positions 1195:1207 the positions of GlcA and IdoA 1195:1224 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 6 19 theme product 915:921 arg1 spectra 927:933 MS(2) product ion spectra 909:933 MS(2) product ion spectra 909:933 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 4 20 from change 703:708 arg1 locations 740:748 specific locations 731:748 specific locations 731:748 Interestingly, the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations resulted in strong conformational distortions. 26307704 8 21 from structure 1283:1291 arg1 located 1256:1262 located 1256:1262 located 1256:1262 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 1 22 theme mobility 176:183 arg1 IMMS 204:207 IMMS 204:207 IMMS 204:207 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 22 theme mobility 176:183 arg1 spectrometry 190:201 ion mobility mass spectrometry 172:201 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation 172:219 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 7 23 theme product 1081:1087 arg1 formation 1093:1101 an earlier product ion formation 1070:1101 an earlier product ion formation 1070:1101 This resulted in an earlier product ion formation and more intense product ions. 26307704 1 24 theme mass 185:188 arg1 IMMS 204:207 IMMS 204:207 IMMS 204:207 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 24 theme mass 185:188 arg1 spectrometry 190:201 ion mobility mass spectrometry 172:201 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation 172:219 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 7 25 theme ion 1089:1091 arg1 formation 1093:1101 an earlier product ion formation 1070:1101 an earlier product ion formation 1070:1101 This resulted in an earlier product ion formation and more intense product ions. 26307704 6 26 theme MS 909:910 arg1 spectra 927:933 MS(2) product ion spectra 909:933 MS(2) product ion spectra 909:933 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 5 27 theme diagnostic 872:881 arg1 ions 891:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 1 28 theme spectrometry 190:201 arg1 separation 210:219 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation 172:219 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation 172:219 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 8 29 theme GlcA 1212:1215 arg1 positions 1199:1207 the positions 1195:1207 the positions of GlcA and IdoA 1195:1224 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 0 30 theme iduronic 134:141 arg1 acid 143:146 glucuronic and iduronic acid 119:146 acid 143:146 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 4 31 theme conformational 769:782 arg1 distortions 784:794 strong conformational distortions 762:794 strong conformational distortions 762:794 Interestingly, the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations resulted in strong conformational distortions. 26307704 5 32 theme product 883:889 arg1 ions 891:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 8 33 theme complete 1172:1179 arg1 sequencing 1181:1190 a complete sequencing 1170:1190 a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure 1170:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 7 34 theme earlier 1073:1079 arg1 formation 1093:1101 an earlier product ion formation 1070:1101 an earlier product ion formation 1070:1101 This resulted in an earlier product ion formation and more intense product ions. 26307704 1 35 theme sequencing 258:267 arg1 methods 269:275 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods 172:275 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures 172:411 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 5 36 theme ions 891:894 arg1 ions 891:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 5 36 theme ions 891:894 arg1 sets 864:867 unique sets 857:867 unique sets of diagnostic product ions 857:894 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 6 37 theme ion 1018:1020 arg1 formation 984:992 the formation 980:992 the formation of a glycosidic product ion 980:1020 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 0 38 theme mobility 32:39 arg1 spectrometry 46:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 4 39 theme strong 762:767 arg1 distortions 784:794 strong conformational distortions 762:794 strong conformational distortions 762:794 Interestingly, the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations resulted in strong conformational distortions. 26307704 6 40 theme GlcA 953:956 arg1 group 958:962 the GlcA group 949:962 the GlcA group 949:962 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 0 41 theme ion 28:30 arg1 spectrometry 46:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 0 42 theme acid 143:146 arg1 content 148:154 glucuronic and iduronic acid content 119:154 glucuronic and iduronic acid content 119:154 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 6 43 theme spectra 927:933 arg1 Analysis 897:904 Analysis 897:904 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra 897:933 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 1 44 theme separation 210:219 arg1 methods 269:275 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods 172:275 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures 172:411 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 6 45 theme lower 1028:1032 arg1 conditions 1041:1050 lower energy conditions 1028:1050 lower energy conditions 1028:1050 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 8 46 theme positions 1199:1207 arg1 sequencing 1181:1190 a complete sequencing 1170:1190 a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure 1170:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 0 47 theme mass 41:44 arg1 spectrometry 46:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 ion mobility mass spectrometry 28:57 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 2 48 theme various 525:531 arg1 positions 533:541 various positions 525:541 various positions 525:541 These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. 26307704 3 49 theme IMMS 544:547 arg1 analysis 549:556 IMMS analysis 544:556 IMMS analysis 544:556 IMMS analysis showed that a fully GlcA structure exhibited a more compact conformation, whereas the fully IdoA structure was more extended. 26307704 7 50 theme intense 1112:1118 arg1 ions 1128:1131 more intense product ions 1107:1131 more intense product ions 1107:1131 This resulted in an earlier product ion formation and more intense product ions. 26307704 6 51 theme energy 1034:1039 arg1 conditions 1041:1050 lower energy conditions 1028:1050 lower energy conditions 1028:1050 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 4 52 theme specific 731:738 arg1 locations 740:748 specific locations 731:748 specific locations 731:748 Interestingly, the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations resulted in strong conformational distortions. 26307704 8 53 theme dp8 1279:1281 arg1 structure 1283:1291 each unique dp8 structure 1267:1291 each unique dp8 structure 1267:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 5 54 theme unique 857:862 arg1 ions 891:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 diagnostic product ions 872:894 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 5 54 theme unique 857:862 arg1 sets 864:867 unique sets 857:867 unique sets of diagnostic product ions 857:894 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 8 55 theme unique 1272:1277 arg1 structure 1283:1291 each unique dp8 structure 1267:1291 each unique dp8 structure 1267:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 1 56 theme isomeric 393:400 arg1 structures 402:411 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures 311:411 six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures 311:411 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 3 57 theme GlcA 578:581 arg1 structure 583:591 a fully GlcA structure 570:591 a fully GlcA structure 570:591 IMMS analysis showed that a fully GlcA structure exhibited a more compact conformation, whereas the fully IdoA structure was more extended. 26307704 8 58 theme located 1256:1262 arg1 positions 1246:1254 the four positions 1237:1254 the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure 1237:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 1 59 theme tandem 225:230 arg1 MS 251:252 MS(2) 251:255 MS(2) 251:255 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 59 theme tandem 225:230 arg1 spectrometry 237:248 tandem mass spectrometry 225:248 tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) 225:256 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 0 60 theme heparan 62:68 arg1 isomers 98:104 heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers 62:104 heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers 62:104 Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. 26307704 8 61 from sequencing 1181:1190 arg1 positions 1246:1254 the four positions 1237:1254 the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure 1237:1291 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 8 61 from sequencing 1181:1190 arg1 each 1229:1232 each 1229:1232 each 1229:1232 Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure. 26307704 5 62 theme isomers 814:820 arg1 2 800:800 2 800:800 2 800:800 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 5 62 theme isomers 814:820 arg1 MS 797:798 MS 797:798 MS(2) of the six isomers 797:820 MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. 26307704 1 63 theme mass 232:235 arg1 MS 251:252 MS(2) 251:255 MS(2) 251:255 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 1 63 theme mass 232:235 arg1 spectrometry 237:248 tandem mass spectrometry 225:248 tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) 225:256 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 26307704 3 64 theme IdoA 650:653 arg1 structure 655:663 the fully IdoA structure 640:663 the fully IdoA structure 640:663 IMMS analysis showed that a fully GlcA structure exhibited a more compact conformation, whereas the fully IdoA structure was more extended. 26307704 3 64 theme IdoA 650:653 arg1 extended 674:681 extended 674:681 extended 674:681 IMMS analysis showed that a fully GlcA structure exhibited a more compact conformation, whereas the fully IdoA structure was more extended. 26307704 6 65 theme ion 923:925 arg1 spectra 927:933 MS(2) product ion spectra 909:933 MS(2) product ion spectra 909:933 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 6 66 theme product 1010:1016 arg1 ion 1018:1020 a glycosidic product ion 997:1020 a glycosidic product ion 997:1020 Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. 26307704 1 67 theme spectrometry 237:248 arg1 methods 269:275 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods 172:275 ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures 172:411 Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. 28482612 8 0 theme Osteoblast-like 1226:1240 arg1 experiments 1263:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments indicated that all scaffolds are biocompatible. 28482612 7 1 theme carrageenan 1070:1080 arg1 addition 1058:1065 the addition 1054:1065 the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin 1054:1096 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 2 2 theme kappa-carrageenan/silk 415:436 arg1 fibroin 438:444 kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin 415:444 kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications 415:479 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 9 3 attach attached 1333:1340 arg1 surfaces 1354:1361 the surfaces 1350:1361 the surfaces of all scaffolds 1350:1378 The cells attached well to the surfaces of all scaffolds and tended to join their adjacent cells. 28482612 9 3 attach attached 1333:1340 arg2 cells 1327:1331 The cells 1323:1331 The cells 1323:1331 The cells attached well to the surfaces of all scaffolds and tended to join their adjacent cells. 28482612 1 4 theme matrix 303:308 arg1 composition 310:320 extracellular matrix composition 289:320 extracellular matrix composition 289:320 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 0 5 theme regeneration 100:111 arg1 applications 113:124 bone regeneration applications 95:124 bone regeneration applications 95:124 Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 7 6 theme simulated 1204:1212 arg1 fluid 1219:1223 simulated body fluid 1204:1223 simulated body fluid 1204:1223 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 8 7 theme MG 1248:1249 arg1 experiments 1263:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments indicated that all scaffolds are biocompatible. 28482612 3 8 theme fibroin 582:588 arg1 solution 590:597 a silk fibroin solution 575:597 a silk fibroin solution 575:597 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 9 9 theme scaffolds 1370:1378 arg1 surfaces 1354:1361 the surfaces 1350:1361 the surfaces of all scaffolds 1350:1378 The cells attached well to the surfaces of all scaffolds and tended to join their adjacent cells. 28482612 10 10 theme phosphatase 1514:1524 arg1 expression 1526:1535 higher Alkaline phosphatase expression 1498:1535 higher Alkaline phosphatase expression 1498:1535 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 4 11 theme pure 843:846 arg1 scaffolds 856:864 pure fibroin scaffolds 843:864 pure fibroin scaffolds 843:864 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 4 12 theme such 687:690 arg1 items 692:696 such items 687:696 such items 687:696 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 8 13 theme cell 1242:1245 arg1 experiments 1263:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments indicated that all scaffolds are biocompatible. 28482612 10 14 theme Alkaline 1505:1512 arg1 phosphatase 1514:1524 Alkaline phosphatase 1505:1524 higher Alkaline phosphatase expression 1498:1535 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 3 15 theme silk 577:580 arg1 solution 590:597 a silk fibroin solution 575:597 a silk fibroin solution 575:597 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 3 16 theme carrageenan 560:570 arg1 carrageenan 560:570 carrageenan 560:570 carrageenan 560:570 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 3 16 theme carrageenan 560:570 arg1 amounts 549:555 various amounts 541:555 various amounts of carrageenan 541:570 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 2 17 theme present 330:336 arg1 study 338:342 the present study 326:342 the present study 326:342 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 2 18 theme regeneration 455:466 arg1 applications 468:479 bone regeneration applications 450:479 bone regeneration applications 450:479 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 5 19 theme interconnected 940:953 arg1 pores 955:959 interconnected pores 940:959 interconnected pores 940:959 The results demonstrated the formation of a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. 28482612 3 20 theme dimensional 488:498 arg1 scaffolds 505:513 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds 482:513 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds 482:513 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 3 20 theme dimensional 488:498 arg1 3D 501:502 3D 501:502 3D 501:502 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 6 21 theme pore 971:974 arg1 size 976:979 The mean pore size 962:979 The mean pore size 962:979 The mean pore size and porosity both increased by increasing carrageenan content. 28482612 1 22 from scaffolding 172:182 arg1 combination 131:141 The combination 127:141 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation 127:246 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 4 23 theme fibroin 848:854 arg1 scaffolds 856:864 pure fibroin scaffolds 843:864 pure fibroin scaffolds 843:864 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 1 24 theme bone-like 220:228 arg1 formation 238:246 bone-like apatite formation 220:246 bone-like apatite formation 220:246 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 8 25 theme culture 1255:1261 arg1 experiments 1263:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments 1226:1273 Osteoblast-like cell (MG 63) culture experiments indicated that all scaffolds are biocompatible. 28482612 6 26 theme mean 966:969 arg1 size 976:979 The mean pore size 962:979 The mean pore size 962:979 The mean pore size and porosity both increased by increasing carrageenan content. 28482612 1 27 theme apatite 230:236 arg1 formation 238:246 bone-like apatite formation 220:246 bone-like apatite formation 220:246 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 4 28 theme characterization 635:650 arg1 techniques 652:661 Various characterization techniques 627:661 Various characterization techniques 627:661 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 1 29 from protein-polysaccharide 146:167 arg1 scaffolding 172:182 scaffolding 172:182 scaffolding 172:182 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 2 30 theme bone 450:453 arg1 applications 468:479 bone regeneration applications 450:479 bone regeneration applications 450:479 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 4 31 theme Various 627:633 arg1 techniques 652:661 Various characterization techniques 627:661 Various characterization techniques 627:661 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 10 32 theme cellular 1471:1478 arg1 proliferation 1480:1492 better cellular proliferation 1464:1492 better cellular proliferation 1464:1492 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 10 33 theme better 1464:1469 arg1 proliferation 1480:1492 better cellular proliferation 1464:1492 better cellular proliferation 1464:1492 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 3 34 theme various 541:547 arg1 carrageenan 560:570 carrageenan 560:570 carrageenan 560:570 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 3 34 theme various 541:547 arg1 amounts 549:555 various amounts 541:555 various amounts of carrageenan 541:570 Three dimensional (3D) scaffolds were fabricated by adding various amounts of carrageenan to a silk fibroin solution, followed by freeze-drying. 28482612 0 35 theme composite 31:39 arg1 scaffolds 41:49 composite scaffolds 31:49 composite scaffolds 31:49 Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 5 36 with formation 896:904 arg1 pores 955:959 interconnected pores 940:959 interconnected pores 940:959 The results demonstrated the formation of a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. 28482612 5 37 theme porous 918:923 arg1 structure 925:933 a highly porous structure 909:933 a highly porous structure 909:933 The results demonstrated the formation of a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. 28482612 0 38 theme enhanced 56:63 arg1 mineralization 76:89 enhanced biomimetic mineralization 56:89 enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications 56:124 Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 4 39 theme composites 794:803 arg1 mineralization 772:785 bone-like apatite mineralization 754:785 bone-like apatite mineralization 754:785 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 4 39 theme composites 794:803 arg1 morphology 716:725 morphology 716:725 morphology 716:725 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 4 39 theme composites 794:803 arg1 strength 740:747 compressive strength 728:747 compressive strength 728:747 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 4 39 theme composites 794:803 arg1 structure 705:713 structure 705:713 structure 705:713 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 7 40 theme apatite 1134:1140 arg1 layer 1142:1146 a bone-like apatite layer 1122:1146 a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid 1122:1223 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 5 41 theme structure 925:933 arg1 formation 896:904 the formation 892:904 the formation of a highly porous structure with interconnected pores 892:959 The results demonstrated the formation of a highly porous structure with interconnected pores. 28482612 4 42 theme compressive 728:738 arg1 strength 740:747 compressive strength 728:747 compressive strength 728:747 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 7 43 theme layer 1142:1146 arg1 formation 1109:1117 the formation 1105:1117 the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid 1105:1223 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 1 44 theme promising 261:269 arg1 approach 271:278 a promising approach 259:278 a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition 259:320 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 7 45 theme body 1214:1217 arg1 fluid 1219:1223 simulated body fluid 1204:1223 simulated body fluid 1204:1223 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 4 46 theme bone-like 754:762 arg1 mineralization 772:785 bone-like apatite mineralization 754:785 bone-like apatite mineralization 754:785 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 9 47 theme adjacent 1405:1412 arg1 cells 1414:1418 their adjacent cells 1399:1418 their adjacent cells 1399:1418 The cells attached well to the surfaces of all scaffolds and tended to join their adjacent cells. 28482612 1 48 theme protein-polysaccharide 146:167 arg1 combination 131:141 The combination 127:141 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation 127:246 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 0 49 theme biomimetic 65:74 arg1 mineralization 76:89 enhanced biomimetic mineralization 56:89 enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications 56:124 Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 6 50 theme carrageenan 1023:1033 arg1 content 1035:1041 carrageenan content 1023:1041 carrageenan content 1023:1041 The mean pore size and porosity both increased by increasing carrageenan content. 28482612 7 51 theme bone-like 1124:1132 arg1 layer 1142:1146 a bone-like apatite layer 1122:1146 a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid 1122:1223 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 4 52 dep structure 705:713 arg1 the 701:703 the 701:703 the 701:703 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 2 53 theme composite 390:398 arg1 scaffolds 400:408 new bioactive composite scaffolds 376:408 new bioactive composite scaffolds 376:408 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 1 54 from combination 131:141 arg1 scaffolding 172:182 scaffolding 172:182 scaffolding 172:182 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 28482612 10 55 theme higher 1498:1503 arg1 expression 1526:1535 higher Alkaline phosphatase expression 1498:1535 higher Alkaline phosphatase expression 1498:1535 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 2 56 theme bioactive 380:388 arg1 scaffolds 400:408 new bioactive composite scaffolds 376:408 new bioactive composite scaffolds 376:408 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 10 57 theme carrageenan 1437:1447 arg1 content 1449:1455 higher carrageenan content 1430:1455 higher carrageenan content 1430:1455 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 2 58 theme new 376:378 arg1 scaffolds 400:408 new bioactive composite scaffolds 376:408 new bioactive composite scaffolds 376:408 In the present study, we developed and characterized new bioactive composite scaffolds from kappa-carrageenan/silk fibroin for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 0 59 theme bone 95:98 arg1 applications 113:124 bone regeneration applications 95:124 bone regeneration applications 95:124 Silk fibroin/kappa-carrageenan composite scaffolds with enhanced biomimetic mineralization for bone regeneration applications. 28482612 10 60 theme higher 1430:1435 arg1 content 1449:1455 higher carrageenan content 1430:1455 higher carrageenan content 1430:1455 However, higher carrageenan content led to better cellular proliferation and higher Alkaline phosphatase expression. 28482612 7 61 theme silk 1085:1088 arg1 fibroin 1090:1096 silk fibroin 1085:1096 silk fibroin 1085:1096 Moreover, the addition of carrageenan to silk fibroin led to the formation of a bone-like apatite layer throughout the scaffolds after 7days of soaking them in simulated body fluid. 28482612 4 62 theme apatite 764:770 arg1 mineralization 772:785 bone-like apatite mineralization 754:785 bone-like apatite mineralization 754:785 Various characterization techniques were applied to analyze such items as the structure, morphology, compressive strength, and bone-like apatite mineralization of the composites, which were then compared to those of pure fibroin scaffolds. 28482612 1 63 theme extracellular 289:301 arg1 composition 310:320 extracellular matrix composition 289:320 extracellular matrix composition 289:320 The combination of protein-polysaccharide in scaffolding together with the ability to induce bone-like apatite formation has become a promising approach to mimic extracellular matrix composition. 25841017 3 0 theme canker 229:234 arg1 worldwide 283:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 3 0 theme canker 229:234 arg1 actinidiae 186:195 actinidiae 186:195 actinidiae 186:195 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 3 0 theme canker 229:234 arg1 cause 210:214 the major cause 200:214 the major cause of bacterial canker 200:234 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 12 1 from ratio 1150:1154 arg1 present 1137:1143 present 1137:1143 present 1137:1143 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 2 2 dep pv 182:183 arg1 syringae 173:180 Pseudomonas syringae 161:180 Pseudomonas syringae 161:180 Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 3 3 dep worldwide 283:291 arg1 to 259:260 to 259:260 to 259:260 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 12 4 theme structural 1046:1055 arg1 analysis 1057:1064 Extensive compositional and structural analysis 1018:1064 analysis 1057:1064 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 14 5 link α-d-1,4-linked 1328:1341 arg1 glucan 1343:1348 an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1325:1348 an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1325:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 7 6 theme scanning 680:687 arg1 microscopy 689:698 confocal laser scanning microscopy 665:698 confocal laser scanning microscopy 665:698 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 3 7 theme severe 245:250 arg1 worldwide 283:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 19 8 theme solid 1701:1705 arg1 surfaces 1707:1714 solid surfaces 1701:1714 solid surfaces 1701:1714 actinidiae NZ V-13 to solid surfaces at concentrations of 80 and 100 ppm. 25841017 14 9 with α-d-rhamnan 1271:1281 arg1 chains 1293:1298 side chains 1288:1298 side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1288:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 8 10 dep P. 723:724 arg1 syringae 726:733 syringae 726:733 syringae 726:733 The biofilm formed by P. syringae pv. 25841017 17 11 used used 1587:1590 arg2 dioxide 1574:1580 chlorine dioxide 1565:1580 chlorine dioxide 1565:1580 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 17 11 used used 1587:1590 arg2 kasugamycin 1549:1559 kasugamycin 1549:1559 kasugamycin 1549:1559 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 15 12 from cells 1391:1395 arg1 biofilms 1400:1407 biofilms 1400:1407 biofilms 1400:1407 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide was assessed. 25841017 9 13 with microcolonies 833:845 arg1 structures 862:871 irregular structures 852:871 irregular structures 852:871 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 13 14 dep P. 1195:1196 arg1 syringae 1198:1205 syringae 1198:1205 syringae 1198:1205 Experimental evidence that P. syringae pv. 25841017 3 15 theme production 272:281 arg1 worldwide 283:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 20 16 theme P. 1792:1793 arg1 pv 1804:1805 P. syringae pv 1792:1805 P. syringae pv 1792:1805 Kasugamycin was bacteriostatic against P. syringae pv. 25841017 17 17 theme NZ 1506:1507 arg1 cells 1514:1518 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells 1495:1518 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms 1495:1530 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 19 18 theme ppm 1748:1750 arg1 concentrations 1719:1732 concentrations 1719:1732 concentrations of 80 and 100 ppm 1719:1750 actinidiae NZ V-13 to solid surfaces at concentrations of 80 and 100 ppm. 25841017 6 19 theme pv 538:539 arg1 strain 516:521 a highly virulent strain 498:521 a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv 498:539 Here, a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv. 25841017 7 20 theme flow 634:637 arg1 system 644:649 a flow cell system 632:649 a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy 632:698 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 21 21 theme V-13 1822:1825 arg1 growth 1827:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth 1808:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth 1808:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 9 22 theme actinidiae 739:748 arg1 V-13 753:756 actinidiae NZ V-13 739:756 actinidiae NZ V-13 739:756 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 5 23 theme pathogenicity-relevant 372:393 arg1 formation 395:403 the pathogenicity-relevant formation 368:403 the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) 368:470 actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. 25841017 0 24 theme Pseudomonas 64:74 arg1 pv 85:86 the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 45:86 the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 45:86 Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 14 25 theme α-d-1,4-linked 1328:1341 arg1 glucan 1343:1348 an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1325:1348 an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1325:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 0 26 theme pv 85:86 arg1 Growth 35:40 Growth 35:40 Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 35:86 Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 7 27 theme biofilm 591:597 arg1 formation 599:607 biofilm formation 591:607 biofilm formation 591:607 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 3 28 theme bacterial 219:227 arg1 canker 229:234 bacterial canker 219:234 bacterial canker 219:234 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 21 29 theme actinidiae 1808:1817 arg1 growth 1827:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth 1808:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth 1808:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 12 30 attach present 1137:1143 arg2 glucose 1100:1106 glucose 1100:1106 glucose 1100:1106 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 30 attach present 1137:1143 arg1 ratio 1150:1154 a ratio 1148:1154 a ratio of 5:1.5:2 1148:1165 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 30 attach present 1137:1143 arg2 constituents 1123:1134 the major constituents 1113:1134 the major constituents 1113:1134 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 30 attach present 1137:1143 arg2 fucose 1088:1093 fucose 1088:1093 fucose 1088:1093 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 30 attach present 1137:1143 arg2 rhamnose 1078:1085 rhamnose 1078:1085 rhamnose 1078:1085 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 4 31 theme Many 294:297 arg1 aspects 299:305 Many aspects 294:305 Many aspects of the disease 294:320 Many aspects of the disease caused by P. syringae pv. 25841017 13 32 dep pv 1207:1208 arg1 evidence 1181:1188 Experimental evidence 1168:1188 Experimental evidence 1168:1188 Experimental evidence that P. syringae pv. 25841017 14 33 theme terminal 1303:1310 arg1 α-d-Fucf 1312:1319 terminal α-d-Fucf 1303:1319 terminal α-d-Fucf 1303:1319 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 15 34 from susceptibility 1369:1382 arg1 biofilms 1400:1407 biofilms 1400:1407 biofilms 1400:1407 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide was assessed. 25841017 12 35 theme major 1117:1121 arg1 rhamnose 1078:1085 rhamnose 1078:1085 rhamnose 1078:1085 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 35 theme major 1117:1121 arg1 constituents 1123:1134 the major constituents 1113:1134 the major constituents 1113:1134 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 35 theme major 1117:1121 arg1 fucose 1088:1093 fucose 1088:1093 fucose 1088:1093 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 35 theme major 1117:1121 arg1 glucose 1100:1106 glucose 1100:1106 glucose 1100:1106 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 20 36 dep P. 1792:1793 arg1 syringae 1795:1802 syringae 1795:1802 syringae 1795:1802 Kasugamycin was bacteriostatic against P. syringae pv. 25841017 9 37 theme cellular 798:805 arg1 layer 812:816 a thin cellular base layer 791:816 a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick 791:827 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 21 38 located found 1922:1926 arg1 ppm 1935:1937 100 ppm 1931:1937 100 ppm 1931:1937 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 21 38 located found 1922:1926 arg2 effect 1909:1914 a bactericidal effect 1894:1914 a bactericidal effect 1894:1914 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 0 39 theme Bactericidal 0:11 arg1 Compounds 13:21 Bactericidal Compounds 0:21 Bactericidal Compounds 0:21 Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 14 40 theme actinidiae 1211:1220 arg1 V-13 1225:1228 actinidiae NZ V-13 1211:1228 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides 1211:1257 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 14 40 theme actinidiae 1211:1220 arg1 α-d-rhamnan 1271:1281 a branched α-d-rhamnan 1260:1281 a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1260:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 21 41 theme planktonic 1841:1850 arg1 mode 1852:1855 the planktonic mode 1837:1855 the planktonic mode 1837:1855 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 21 42 theme bactericidal 1896:1907 arg1 effect 1909:1914 a bactericidal effect 1894:1914 a bactericidal effect 1894:1914 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 0 43 dep Pseudomonas 64:74 arg1 syringae 76:83 syringae 76:83 syringae 76:83 Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 14 44 theme branched 1262:1269 arg1 V-13 1225:1228 actinidiae NZ V-13 1211:1228 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides 1211:1257 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 14 44 theme branched 1262:1269 arg1 α-d-rhamnan 1271:1281 a branched α-d-rhamnan 1260:1281 a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1260:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 4 45 dep P. 332:333 arg1 syringae 335:342 syringae 335:342 syringae 335:342 Many aspects of the disease caused by P. syringae pv. 25841017 11 46 theme actinidiae 934:943 arg1 bacteria 953:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria 934:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria 934:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. 25841017 11 46 theme actinidiae 934:943 arg1 exopolysaccharide 999:1015 an exopolysaccharide 996:1015 an exopolysaccharide 996:1015 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. 25841017 10 47 theme P. 918:919 arg1 pv 930:931 P. syringae pv 918:931 P. syringae pv 918:931 The major component of the EPSs produced by P. syringae pv. 25841017 10 48 dep P. 918:919 arg1 syringae 921:928 syringae 921:928 syringae 921:928 The major component of the EPSs produced by P. syringae pv. 25841017 18 49 theme pv 1675:1676 arg1 attachment 1649:1658 the attachment 1645:1658 the attachment of P. syringae pv 1645:1676 Kasugamycin inhibited the attachment of P. syringae pv. 25841017 0 50 theme Plant 49:53 arg1 pv 85:86 the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 45:86 the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 45:86 Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 23 51 theme bactericidal 2107:2118 arg1 compounds 2120:2128 bactericidal compounds 2107:2128 bactericidal compounds 2107:2128 actinidiae biofilms as well as used the biofilm as a model to assess the efficacies of bactericidal compounds. 25841017 5 52 theme polymeric 444:452 arg1 EPSs 466:469 EPSs 466:469 EPSs 466:469 actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. 25841017 5 52 theme polymeric 444:452 arg1 substances 454:463 extracellular polymeric substances 430:463 extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) 430:470 actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. 25841017 4 53 theme disease 314:320 arg1 aspects 299:305 Many aspects 294:305 Many aspects of the disease 294:320 Many aspects of the disease caused by P. syringae pv. 25841017 5 54 theme biofilm 410:416 arg1 formation 395:403 the pathogenicity-relevant formation 368:403 the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) 368:470 actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. 25841017 17 55 from cells 1514:1518 arg1 biofilms 1523:1530 biofilms 1523:1530 biofilms 1523:1530 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 12 56 theme 5:1.5:2 1159:1165 arg1 ratio 1150:1154 a ratio 1148:1154 a ratio of 5:1.5:2 1148:1165 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 6 57 theme virulent 507:514 arg1 strain 516:521 a highly virulent strain 498:521 a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv 498:539 Here, a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv. 25841017 13 58 theme P. 1195:1196 arg1 pv 1207:1208 that P. syringae pv 1190:1208 that P. syringae pv 1190:1208 Experimental evidence that P. syringae pv. 25841017 19 59 from concentrations 1719:1732 arg1 NZ 1690:1691 NZ 1690:1691 NZ 1690:1691 actinidiae NZ V-13 to solid surfaces at concentrations of 80 and 100 ppm. 25841017 7 60 theme laser 674:678 arg1 microscopy 689:698 confocal laser scanning microscopy 665:698 confocal laser scanning microscopy 665:698 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 14 61 theme NZ 1222:1223 arg1 V-13 1225:1228 actinidiae NZ V-13 1211:1228 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides 1211:1257 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 14 61 theme NZ 1222:1223 arg1 α-d-rhamnan 1271:1281 a branched α-d-rhamnan 1260:1281 a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1260:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 21 62 dep 60 1883:1884 arg1 to 1880:1881 to 1880:1881 to 1880:1881 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 3 63 theme threat 252:257 arg1 worldwide 283:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 18 64 theme P. 1663:1664 arg1 pv 1675:1676 P. syringae pv 1663:1676 P. syringae pv 1663:1676 Kasugamycin inhibited the attachment of P. syringae pv. 25841017 6 65 dep P. 526:527 arg1 syringae 529:536 syringae 529:536 syringae 529:536 Here, a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv. 25841017 15 66 theme cells 1391:1395 arg1 susceptibility 1369:1382 The susceptibility 1365:1382 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide 1365:1443 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide was assessed. 25841017 7 67 theme confocal 665:672 arg1 microscopy 689:698 confocal laser scanning microscopy 665:698 confocal laser scanning microscopy 665:698 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 9 68 with layer 812:816 arg1 structures 862:871 irregular structures 852:871 irregular structures 852:871 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 17 69 theme actinidiae 1495:1504 arg1 cells 1514:1518 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells 1495:1518 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms 1495:1530 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 3 70 theme kiwifruit 262:270 arg1 worldwide 283:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide 243:291 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 16 71 theme syringae 1482:1489 arg1 % 1474:1474 About 64 and 73% 1459:1474 About 64 and 73% of P. syringae 1459:1489 About 64 and 73% of P. syringae pv. 25841017 16 71 theme syringae 1482:1489 arg1 syringae 1482:1489 P. syringae 1479:1489 P. syringae 1479:1489 About 64 and 73% of P. syringae pv. 25841017 17 72 theme V-13 1509:1512 arg1 cells 1514:1518 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells 1495:1518 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms 1495:1530 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 18 73 dep P. 1663:1664 arg1 syringae 1666:1673 syringae 1666:1673 syringae 1666:1673 Kasugamycin inhibited the attachment of P. syringae pv. 25841017 7 74 theme cell 639:642 arg1 system 644:649 a flow cell system 632:649 a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy 632:698 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 11 75 theme V-13 948:951 arg1 bacteria 953:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria 934:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria 934:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. 25841017 11 75 theme V-13 948:951 arg1 exopolysaccharide 999:1015 an exopolysaccharide 996:1015 an exopolysaccharide 996:1015 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. 25841017 9 76 theme NZ 750:751 arg1 V-13 753:756 actinidiae NZ V-13 739:756 actinidiae NZ V-13 739:756 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 8 77 theme P. 723:724 arg1 pv 735:736 P. syringae pv 723:736 P. syringae pv 723:736 The biofilm formed by P. syringae pv. 25841017 12 78 theme present 1137:1143 arg1 rhamnose 1078:1085 rhamnose 1078:1085 rhamnose 1078:1085 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 78 theme present 1137:1143 arg1 constituents 1123:1134 the major constituents 1113:1134 the major constituents 1113:1134 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 78 theme present 1137:1143 arg1 fucose 1088:1093 fucose 1088:1093 fucose 1088:1093 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 12 78 theme present 1137:1143 arg1 glucose 1100:1106 glucose 1100:1106 glucose 1100:1106 Extensive compositional and structural analysis showed that rhamnose, fucose, and glucose were the major constituents, present at a ratio of 5:1.5:2. 25841017 1 79 theme Novel 136:140 arg1 Exopolysaccharide 142:158 a Novel Exopolysaccharide 134:158 a Novel Exopolysaccharide 134:158 actinidiae, Which Forms Biofilms Composed of a Novel Exopolysaccharide. 25841017 14 80 theme glucan 1343:1348 arg1 chains 1293:1298 side chains 1288:1298 side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1288:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 15 81 theme chlorine 1428:1435 arg1 dioxide 1437:1443 chlorine dioxide 1428:1443 chlorine dioxide 1428:1443 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide was assessed. 25841017 23 82 theme actinidiae 2020:2029 arg1 biofilms 2031:2038 actinidiae biofilms 2020:2038 actinidiae biofilms 2020:2038 actinidiae biofilms as well as used the biofilm as a model to assess the efficacies of bactericidal compounds. 25841017 22 83 dep P. 2004:2005 arg1 syringae 2007:2014 syringae 2007:2014 syringae 2007:2014 Here we studied the formation, architecture, and composition of P. syringae pv. 25841017 10 84 theme major 878:882 arg1 component 884:892 The major component 874:892 The major component of the EPSs 874:904 The major component of the EPSs produced by P. syringae pv. 25841017 21 85 theme NZ 1819:1820 arg1 growth 1827:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth 1808:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth 1808:1832 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 14 86 theme α-d-Fucf 1312:1319 arg1 chains 1293:1298 side chains 1288:1298 side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1288:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 7 87 theme NZ 554:555 arg1 actinidiae 542:551 actinidiae 542:551 actinidiae 542:551 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 7 87 theme NZ 554:555 arg1 V-13 557:560 NZ V-13 554:560 NZ V-13 554:560 actinidiae, NZ V-13, was studied with respect to biofilm formation and architecture using a flow cell system combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. 25841017 9 88 theme thin 793:796 arg1 layer 812:816 a thin cellular base layer 791:816 a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick 791:827 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 3 89 theme major 204:208 arg1 actinidiae 186:195 actinidiae 186:195 actinidiae 186:195 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 3 89 theme major 204:208 arg1 cause 210:214 the major cause 200:214 the major cause of bacterial canker 200:234 actinidiae is the major cause of bacterial canker and is a severe threat to kiwifruit production worldwide. 25841017 21 90 with growth 1827:1832 arg1 MIC 1867:1869 the MIC 1863:1869 the MIC 1863:1869 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 10 91 theme EPSs 901:904 arg1 component 884:892 The major component 874:892 The major component of the EPSs 874:904 The major component of the EPSs produced by P. syringae pv. 25841017 14 92 theme side 1288:1291 arg1 chains 1293:1298 side chains 1288:1298 side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan 1288:1348 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 9 93 theme base 807:810 arg1 layer 812:816 a thin cellular base layer 791:816 a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick 791:827 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 14 94 dep V-13 1225:1228 arg1 produces 1230:1237 produces 1230:1237 produces two polysaccharides 1230:1257 actinidiae NZ V-13 produces two polysaccharides, a branched α-d-rhamnan with side chains of terminal α-d-Fucf and an α-d-1,4-linked glucan, was obtained. 25841017 22 95 theme pv 2016:2017 arg1 architecture 1971:1982 architecture 1971:1982 architecture 1971:1982 Here we studied the formation, architecture, and composition of P. syringae pv. 25841017 22 95 theme pv 2016:2017 arg1 composition 1989:1999 composition 1989:1999 composition 1989:1999 Here we studied the formation, architecture, and composition of P. syringae pv. 25841017 22 95 theme pv 2016:2017 arg1 formation 1960:1968 formation 1960:1968 formation 1960:1968 Here we studied the formation, architecture, and composition of P. syringae pv. 25841017 15 96 from biofilms 1400:1407 arg1 susceptibility 1369:1382 The susceptibility 1365:1382 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide 1365:1443 The susceptibility of the cells in biofilms to kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide was assessed. 25841017 21 97 from growth 1827:1832 arg1 mode 1852:1855 the planktonic mode 1837:1855 the planktonic mode 1837:1855 actinidiae NZ V-13 growth in the planktonic mode, with the MIC being 40 to 60 ppm and a bactericidal effect being found at 100 ppm. 25841017 17 98 theme chlorine 1565:1572 arg1 dioxide 1574:1580 chlorine dioxide 1565:1580 chlorine dioxide 1565:1580 actinidiae NZ V-13 cells in biofilms were killed when kasugamycin and chlorine dioxide were used at 5 and 10 ppm, respectively. 25841017 22 99 theme P. 2004:2005 arg1 pv 2016:2017 P. syringae pv 2004:2017 P. syringae pv 2004:2017 Here we studied the formation, architecture, and composition of P. syringae pv. 25841017 9 100 theme thick 823:827 arg1 layer 812:816 a thin cellular base layer 791:816 a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick 791:827 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 0 101 theme Pathogen 55:62 arg1 pv 85:86 the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 45:86 the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv 45:86 Bactericidal Compounds Controlling Growth of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. 25841017 11 102 theme NZ 945:946 arg1 bacteria 953:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria 934:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria 934:960 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. 25841017 11 102 theme NZ 945:946 arg1 exopolysaccharide 999:1015 an exopolysaccharide 996:1015 an exopolysaccharide 996:1015 actinidiae NZ V-13 bacteria was isolated and identified to be an exopolysaccharide. 25841017 4 103 theme P. 332:333 arg1 pv 344:345 P. syringae pv 332:345 P. syringae pv 332:345 Many aspects of the disease caused by P. syringae pv. 25841017 5 104 theme extracellular 430:442 arg1 EPSs 466:469 EPSs 466:469 EPSs 466:469 actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. 25841017 5 104 theme extracellular 430:442 arg1 substances 454:463 extracellular polymeric substances 430:463 extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) 430:470 actinidiae, such as the pathogenicity-relevant formation of a biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), are still unknown. 25841017 23 105 theme compounds 2120:2128 arg1 efficacies 2093:2102 the efficacies 2089:2102 the efficacies of bactericidal compounds 2089:2128 actinidiae biofilms as well as used the biofilm as a model to assess the efficacies of bactericidal compounds. 25841017 9 106 theme irregular 852:860 arg1 structures 862:871 irregular structures 852:871 irregular structures 852:871 actinidiae NZ V-13 was heterogeneous, consisting of a thin cellular base layer 5 μm thick and microcolonies with irregular structures. 25841017 6 107 theme P. 526:527 arg1 pv 538:539 P. syringae pv 526:539 P. syringae pv 526:539 Here, a highly virulent strain of P. syringae pv. 25841017 13 108 theme Experimental 1168:1179 arg1 evidence 1181:1188 Experimental evidence 1168:1188 Experimental evidence 1168:1188 Experimental evidence that P. syringae pv. 25628633 1 0 theme recombinant 300:310 arg1 -GA733-FcK- 332:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 8 1 dep increased 1078:1086 arg1 whereas 1151:1157 whereas 1151:1157 whereas 1151:1157 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves increased until 12 and 14 weeks, respectively, and decreased thereafter, whereas it decreased in basal leaves until 14 weeks and increased at 16 weeks. 25628633 10 2 from green 1457:1461 arg1 yellow 1435:1440 yellow 1435:1440 yellow 1435:1440 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 9 3 theme glycan 1283:1288 arg1 structures 1290:1299 high-mannose type glycan structures 1265:1299 high-mannose type glycan structures 1265:1299 In stem, all three sections showed high-mannose type glycan structures. 25628633 6 4 dep top 889:891 arg1 leaves 893:898 leaves 893:898 leaves at 14 weeks 893:910 The plant-specific glycans increased in the top leaves at 14 weeks, but only slightly changed in the middle and basal leaves. 25628633 1 5 theme therapeutic 312:322 arg1 -GA733-FcK- 332:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 10 6 dep stems 1406:1410 arg1 both 1380:1383 both 1380:1383 both 1380:1383 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 1 7 from influence 154:162 arg1 pattern 287:293 the expression and glycosylation pattern 254:293 pattern 287:293 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 8 located observed 348:355 arg2 influence 154:162 The influence 150:162 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 150:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 8 located observed 348:355 arg1 seedlings 371:379 transgenic seedlings 360:379 transgenic seedlings 360:379 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 9 theme leaves 227:232 arg1 position 191:198 position 191:198 position 191:198 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 9 theme leaves 227:232 arg1 stage 181:185 developmental stage 167:185 developmental stage 167:185 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 10 theme protein 324:330 arg1 -GA733-FcK- 332:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 8 11 dep middle 1064:1069 arg1 leaves 1071:1076 leaves 1071:1076 leaves 1071:1076 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves increased until 12 and 14 weeks, respectively, and decreased thereafter, whereas it decreased in basal leaves until 14 weeks and increased at 16 weeks. 25628633 3 12 theme protein 536:542 arg1 level 555:559 The protein expression level 532:559 The protein expression level at all leaf positions 532:581 The protein expression level at all leaf positions increased until 14 weeks and slightly decreased at 16 weeks; it was lower in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 1 13 theme -GA733-FcK- 332:342 arg1 pattern 287:293 the expression and glycosylation pattern 254:293 pattern 287:293 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 10 14 theme area 1306:1309 arg1 size 1311:1314 The area size 1302:1314 The area size of the glycans 1302:1329 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 10 14 theme area 1306:1309 arg1 higher 1349:1354 higher 1349:1354 higher 1349:1354 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 6 15 dep middle 946:951 arg1 the 942:944 the 942:944 the 942:944 The plant-specific glycans increased in the top leaves at 14 weeks, but only slightly changed in the middle and basal leaves. 25628633 3 16 from positions 573:581 arg1 level 555:559 The protein expression level 532:559 The protein expression level at all leaf positions 532:581 The protein expression level at all leaf positions increased until 14 weeks and slightly decreased at 16 weeks; it was lower in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 1 17 theme stem 238:241 arg1 tissues 243:249 stem tissues 238:249 stem tissues 238:249 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 0 18 theme glycoprotein 105:116 arg1 GA733-FcK 118:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 10 19 from yellow 1435:1440 arg1 green 1457:1461 green leaves 1457:1468 green leaves 1457:1468 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 10 20 dep green 1457:1461 arg1 leaves 1463:1468 leaves 1463:1468 leaves 1463:1468 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 1 21 theme developmental 167:179 arg1 stage 181:185 developmental stage 167:185 developmental stage 167:185 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 0 22 theme recombinant 93:103 arg1 GA733-FcK 118:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 10 23 dep yellow 1435:1440 arg1 leaves 1442:1447 leaves 1442:1447 leaves 1442:1447 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 7 24 theme tissue 1008:1013 arg1 position 1015:1022 tissue position 1008:1022 tissue position 1008:1022 The structure of glycans varied with tissue position. 25628633 12 25 theme biomass-harvesting 1558:1575 arg1 time 1577:1580 biomass-harvesting time 1558:1580 biomass-harvesting time 1558:1580 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 4 26 theme protein 705:711 arg1 expression 713:722 protein expression 705:722 protein expression 705:722 In stem, protein expression gradually decreased from the top to the base. 25628633 1 27 theme stage 181:185 arg1 influence 154:162 The influence 150:162 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 150:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 10 28 theme middle 1389:1394 arg1 stems 1406:1410 both the middle and basal stems 1380:1410 stems 1406:1410 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 7 29 theme glycans 988:994 arg1 structure 975:983 The structure 971:983 The structure of glycans 971:994 The structure of glycans varied with tissue position. 25628633 0 30 gly glycosylation 76:88 arg1 GA733-FcK 118:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 0 30 gly glycosylation 76:88 arg1 plants 142:147 transgenic plants 131:147 transgenic plants 131:147 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 1 31 theme tissues 243:249 arg1 position 191:198 position 191:198 position 191:198 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 31 theme tissues 243:249 arg1 stage 181:185 developmental stage 167:185 developmental stage 167:185 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 5 32 gly glycosylation 774:786 arg1 GA733-FcK 800:808 GA733-FcK 800:808 GA733-FcK 800:808 The glycosylation patterns of GA733-FcK were analyzed from 10 to 16 weeks. 25628633 0 33 dep expression 61:70 arg1 the 57:59 the 57:59 the 57:59 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 0 34 theme tissue 38:43 arg1 position 45:52 tissue position 38:52 tissue position 38:52 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 1 35 theme position 191:198 arg1 influence 154:162 The influence 150:162 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 150:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 0 36 theme developmental 14:26 arg1 stage 28:32 the developmental stage 10:32 the developmental stage 10:32 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 10 37 theme glycans 1323:1329 arg1 size 1311:1314 The area size 1302:1314 The area size of the glycans 1302:1329 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 10 37 theme glycans 1323:1329 arg1 higher 1349:1354 higher 1349:1354 higher 1349:1354 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 2 38 theme RNA 413:415 arg1 expression 417:426 RNA expression 413:426 RNA expression 413:426 RNA expression gradually increased with age in the middle and basal leaves and decreased in top leaves after 14 weeks. 25628633 0 39 theme GA733-FcK 118:126 arg1 expression 61:70 expression 61:70 expression 61:70 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 0 39 theme GA733-FcK 118:126 arg1 glycosylation 76:88 glycosylation 76:88 glycosylation 76:88 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 1 40 theme transgenic 360:369 arg1 seedlings 371:379 transgenic seedlings 360:379 transgenic seedlings 360:379 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 0 41 gly glycoprotein 105:116 arg1 glycoprotein 105:116 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK 93:126 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 12 42 with proteins 1636:1643 arg1 profiles 1673:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 1 43 theme expression 258:267 arg1 pattern 287:293 the expression and glycosylation pattern 254:293 pattern 287:293 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 2 44 dep top 505:507 arg1 leaves 509:514 leaves 509:514 leaves 509:514 RNA expression gradually increased with age in the middle and basal leaves and decreased in top leaves after 14 weeks. 25628633 0 45 from expression 61:70 arg1 plants 142:147 transgenic plants 131:147 transgenic plants 131:147 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 5 46 theme glycosylation 774:786 arg1 patterns 788:795 The glycosylation patterns 770:795 The glycosylation patterns of GA733-FcK 770:808 The glycosylation patterns of GA733-FcK were analyzed from 10 to 16 weeks. 25628633 0 47 theme stage 28:32 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 0:148 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 3 48 dep yellow 660:665 arg1 leaves 667:672 leaves 667:672 leaves 667:672 The protein expression level at all leaf positions increased until 14 weeks and slightly decreased at 16 weeks; it was lower in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 0 49 theme transgenic 131:140 arg1 plants 142:147 transgenic plants 131:147 transgenic plants 131:147 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 3 50 theme leaf 568:571 arg1 positions 573:581 all leaf positions 564:581 all leaf positions 564:581 The protein expression level at all leaf positions increased until 14 weeks and slightly decreased at 16 weeks; it was lower in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 12 51 theme glycan 1656:1661 arg1 profiles 1673:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 11 52 theme glycan 1475:1480 arg1 similar 1496:1502 similar 1496:1502 similar 1496:1502 The glycan profiles were similar between green and yellow leaves until 16 weeks. 25628633 11 52 theme glycan 1475:1480 arg1 profiles 1482:1489 The glycan profiles 1471:1489 The glycan profiles 1471:1489 The glycan profiles were similar between green and yellow leaves until 16 weeks. 25628633 0 53 theme position 45:52 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 0:148 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 1 54 theme glycosylation 273:285 arg1 pattern 287:293 the expression and glycosylation pattern 254:293 pattern 287:293 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 8 55 from level 1043:1047 arg1 middle 1064:1069 middle 1064:1069 middle 1064:1069 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves increased until 12 and 14 weeks, respectively, and decreased thereafter, whereas it decreased in basal leaves until 14 weeks and increased at 16 weeks. 25628633 8 55 from level 1043:1047 arg1 top 1056:1058 the top 1052:1058 the top 1052:1058 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves increased until 12 and 14 weeks, respectively, and decreased thereafter, whereas it decreased in basal leaves until 14 weeks and increased at 16 weeks. 25628633 5 56 dep 16 835:836 arg1 to 832:833 to 832:833 to 832:833 The glycosylation patterns of GA733-FcK were analyzed from 10 to 16 weeks. 25628633 0 57 from Effect 0:5 arg1 expression 61:70 expression 61:70 expression 61:70 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 0 57 from Effect 0:5 arg1 glycosylation 76:88 glycosylation 76:88 glycosylation 76:88 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 2 58 dep middle 464:469 arg1 the 460:462 the 460:462 the 460:462 RNA expression gradually increased with age in the middle and basal leaves and decreased in top leaves after 14 weeks. 25628633 1 59 theme 16-week 390:396 arg1 period 405:410 a 16-week growth period 388:410 a 16-week growth period 388:410 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 60 dep stage 181:185 arg1 base 218:221 base 218:221 base 218:221 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 60 dep stage 181:185 arg1 top 201:203 top 201:203 top 201:203 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 1 60 dep stage 181:185 arg1 middle 206:211 middle 206:211 middle 206:211 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 11 61 dep green 1512:1516 arg1 leaves 1529:1534 leaves 1529:1534 leaves until 16 weeks 1529:1549 The glycan profiles were similar between green and yellow leaves until 16 weeks. 25628633 8 62 theme glycosylation 1029:1041 arg1 level 1043:1047 The glycosylation level 1025:1047 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves 1025:1076 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves increased until 12 and 14 weeks, respectively, and decreased thereafter, whereas it decreased in basal leaves until 14 weeks and increased at 16 weeks. 25628633 1 63 theme growth 398:403 arg1 period 405:410 a 16-week growth period 388:410 a 16-week growth period 388:410 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 12 64 theme structure 1663:1671 arg1 profiles 1673:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 10 65 theme top 1363:1365 arg1 stem 1367:1370 the top stem 1359:1370 the top stem 1359:1370 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 12 66 theme ideal 1650:1654 arg1 profiles 1673:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 ideal glycan structure profiles 1650:1680 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 2 67 dep basal 475:479 arg1 leaves 481:486 leaves 481:486 leaves 481:486 RNA expression gradually increased with age in the middle and basal leaves and decreased in top leaves after 14 weeks. 25628633 1 68 gly glycosylation 273:285 arg1 -GA733-FcK- 332:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- 298:342 The influence of developmental stage and position (top, middle, and base) of leaves and stem tissues on the expression and glycosylation pattern of a recombinant therapeutic protein -GA733-FcK- was observed in transgenic seedlings during a 16-week growth period. 25628633 12 69 theme recombinant 1612:1622 arg1 proteins 1636:1643 recombinant therapeutic proteins 1612:1643 recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles 1612:1680 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 12 70 theme therapeutic 1624:1634 arg1 proteins 1636:1643 recombinant therapeutic proteins 1612:1643 recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles 1612:1680 Thus, biomass-harvesting time should be optimized to obtain recombinant therapeutic proteins with ideal glycan structure profiles. 25628633 6 71 theme plant-specific 849:862 arg1 glycans 864:870 The plant-specific glycans 845:870 The plant-specific glycans 845:870 The plant-specific glycans increased in the top leaves at 14 weeks, but only slightly changed in the middle and basal leaves. 25628633 0 72 from glycosylation 76:88 arg1 plants 142:147 transgenic plants 131:147 transgenic plants 131:147 Effect of the developmental stage and tissue position on the expression and glycosylation of recombinant glycoprotein GA733-FcK in transgenic plants. 25628633 6 73 dep basal 957:961 arg1 leaves 963:968 leaves 963:968 leaves 963:968 The plant-specific glycans increased in the top leaves at 14 weeks, but only slightly changed in the middle and basal leaves. 25628633 5 74 theme GA733-FcK 800:808 arg1 patterns 788:795 The glycosylation patterns 770:795 The glycosylation patterns of GA733-FcK 770:808 The glycosylation patterns of GA733-FcK were analyzed from 10 to 16 weeks. 25628633 9 75 theme high-mannose 1265:1276 arg1 structures 1290:1299 high-mannose type glycan structures 1265:1299 high-mannose type glycan structures 1265:1299 In stem, all three sections showed high-mannose type glycan structures. 25628633 10 76 theme basal 1400:1404 arg1 stems 1406:1410 both the middle and basal stems 1380:1410 stems 1406:1410 The area size of the glycans was significantly higher in the top stem than in both the middle and basal stems, and it was smaller in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 3 77 dep green 682:686 arg1 leaves 688:693 leaves 688:693 leaves 688:693 The protein expression level at all leaf positions increased until 14 weeks and slightly decreased at 16 weeks; it was lower in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 8 78 dep basal 1175:1179 arg1 leaves 1181:1186 leaves 1181:1186 leaves 1181:1186 The glycosylation level in the top and middle leaves increased until 12 and 14 weeks, respectively, and decreased thereafter, whereas it decreased in basal leaves until 14 weeks and increased at 16 weeks. 25628633 3 79 theme expression 544:553 arg1 level 555:559 The protein expression level 532:559 The protein expression level at all leaf positions 532:581 The protein expression level at all leaf positions increased until 14 weeks and slightly decreased at 16 weeks; it was lower in yellow leaves than in green leaves. 25628633 9 80 theme type 1278:1281 arg1 structures 1290:1299 high-mannose type glycan structures 1265:1299 high-mannose type glycan structures 1265:1299 In stem, all three sections showed high-mannose type glycan structures. 28011103 0 0 theme hydrocarbon 91:101 arg1 substrate 103:111 hydrocarbon substrate 91:111 hydrocarbon substrate 91:111 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 1 1 with bioemulsifier 218:230 arg1 applications 247:258 potential applications 237:258 potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons 237:293 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by a diverse of rhizobia species and has been demonstrated to be a bioemulsifier with potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons. 28011103 3 2 theme cultivation 497:507 arg1 conditions 509:518 the different cultivation conditions 483:518 the different cultivation conditions 483:518 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 3 3 theme protein 683:689 arg1 percentage 669:678 a low percentage 663:678 a low percentage of protein 663:689 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 3 3 theme protein 683:689 arg1 carbohydrates 636:648 carbohydrates 636:648 carbohydrates (79-85%) 636:657 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 3 3 theme protein 683:689 arg1 % 656:656 79-85% 651:656 79-85% 651:656 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 5 4 theme suitable 873:880 arg1 polymers 791:798 polymers 791:798 polymers 791:798 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 5 4 theme suitable 873:880 arg1 viscosity 843:851 viscosity 843:851 viscosity of each EPS sample 843:870 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 3 5 theme weight 540:545 arg1 exopolysaccharides 547:564 the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides 521:564 the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h 521:614 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 5 6 with polymers 791:798 arg1 properties 823:832 distinct rheology properties 805:832 distinct rheology properties 805:832 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 2 7 from growth 444:449 arg1 substrate 466:474 hydrocarbon substrate 454:474 hydrocarbon substrate 454:474 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 6 8 theme minimal 1019:1025 arg1 difference 1027:1036 minimal difference 1019:1036 minimal difference between EPS compositions 1019:1061 In addition, RP-HPLC, FTIR and NMR studies revealed EPS produced by rhizobia strains were similar indicating minimal difference between EPS compositions. 28011103 3 9 theme high 525:528 arg1 weight 540:545 high molecular weight 525:545 the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h 521:614 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 1 10 theme rhizobia 167:174 arg1 species 176:182 rhizobia species 167:182 rhizobia species 167:182 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by a diverse of rhizobia species and has been demonstrated to be a bioemulsifier with potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons. 28011103 3 11 theme molecular 530:538 arg1 weight 540:545 high molecular weight 525:545 the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h 521:614 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 1 12 theme species 176:182 arg1 diverse 156:162 diverse 156:162 diverse 156:162 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by a diverse of rhizobia species and has been demonstrated to be a bioemulsifier with potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons. 28011103 3 13 theme tropici 581:587 arg1 strains 589:595 Rhizobium tropici strains 571:595 Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h 571:614 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 6 14 theme EPS 1046:1048 arg1 compositions 1050:1061 EPS compositions 1046:1061 EPS compositions 1046:1061 In addition, RP-HPLC, FTIR and NMR studies revealed EPS produced by rhizobia strains were similar indicating minimal difference between EPS compositions. 28011103 6 15 theme NMR 941:943 arg1 studies 945:951 NMR studies 941:951 NMR studies 941:951 In addition, RP-HPLC, FTIR and NMR studies revealed EPS produced by rhizobia strains were similar indicating minimal difference between EPS compositions. 28011103 2 16 dep strains 429:435 arg1 strains 429:435 Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains 387:435 Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains 387:435 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 16 dep strains 429:435 arg1 SEMIA 406:410 SEMIA 406:410 SEMIA 406:410 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 16 dep strains 429:435 arg1 MUTZC3 421:426 MUTZC3 421:426 MUTZC3 421:426 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 0 17 theme exopolysaccharide 24:40 arg1 production 42:51 new exopolysaccharide production 20:51 new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate 20:111 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 1 18 theme hydrocarbons 282:293 arg1 degradation 267:277 the degradation 263:277 the degradation of hydrocarbons 263:293 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by a diverse of rhizobia species and has been demonstrated to be a bioemulsifier with potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons. 28011103 2 19 theme present 303:309 arg1 study 311:315 the present study 299:315 the present study 299:315 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 5 20 theme rheology 814:821 arg1 properties 823:832 distinct rheology properties 805:832 distinct rheology properties 805:832 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 0 21 theme new 20:22 arg1 production 42:51 new exopolysaccharide production 20:51 new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate 20:111 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 3 22 theme Rhizobium 571:579 arg1 strains 589:595 Rhizobium tropici strains 571:595 Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h 571:614 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 5 23 theme EPS 861:863 arg1 sample 865:870 each EPS sample 856:870 each EPS sample 856:870 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 5 24 theme different 886:894 arg1 applications 896:907 different applications 886:907 different applications 886:907 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 1 25 from applications 247:258 arg1 degradation 267:277 the degradation 263:277 the degradation of hydrocarbons 263:293 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by a diverse of rhizobia species and has been demonstrated to be a bioemulsifier with potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons. 28011103 3 26 from strains 589:595 arg1 exopolysaccharides 547:564 the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides 521:564 the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h 521:614 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 0 27 theme production 42:51 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 0:112 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 28 theme hydrocarbon 454:464 arg1 substrate 466:474 hydrocarbon substrate 454:474 hydrocarbon substrate 454:474 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 0 29 from growth 81:86 arg1 substrate 103:111 hydrocarbon substrate 91:111 hydrocarbon substrate 91:111 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 0 30 theme Rhizobium 56:64 arg1 tropici 66:72 Rhizobium tropici 56:72 Rhizobium tropici 56:72 Characterization of new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 3 31 theme different 487:495 arg1 conditions 509:518 the different cultivation conditions 483:518 the different cultivation conditions 483:518 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 4 32 theme carbohydrate 747:758 arg1 carbohydrate 747:758 carbohydrate 747:758 carbohydrate 747:758 The EPSC3-D differed from the others, with only 60% of carbohydrate. 28011103 4 32 theme carbohydrate 747:758 arg1 % 742:742 only 60% 735:742 only 60% of carbohydrate 735:758 The EPSC3-D differed from the others, with only 60% of carbohydrate. 28011103 5 33 theme distinct 805:812 arg1 properties 823:832 distinct rheology properties 805:832 distinct rheology properties 805:832 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 5 34 theme sample 865:870 arg1 viscosity 843:851 viscosity 843:851 viscosity of each EPS sample 843:870 However, all strains produced polymers with distinct rheology properties, such as viscosity of each EPS sample, suitable for different applications. 28011103 3 35 theme low 665:667 arg1 percentage 669:678 a low percentage 663:678 a low percentage of protein 663:689 Under the different cultivation conditions, the high molecular weight exopolysaccharides from Rhizobium tropici strains cultivated for 96h mainly consisted of carbohydrates (79-85%) and a low percentage of protein. 28011103 2 36 theme exopolysaccharide 355:371 arg1 production 373:382 the new exopolysaccharide production 347:382 the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains 347:435 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 37 theme Rhizobium 387:395 arg1 strains 429:435 Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains 387:435 Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains 387:435 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 37 theme Rhizobium 387:395 arg1 SEMIA 406:410 SEMIA 406:410 SEMIA 406:410 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 37 theme Rhizobium 387:395 arg1 MUTZC3 421:426 MUTZC3 421:426 MUTZC3 421:426 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 6 38 theme rhizobia 978:985 arg1 strains 987:993 rhizobia strains 978:993 rhizobia strains 978:993 In addition, RP-HPLC, FTIR and NMR studies revealed EPS produced by rhizobia strains were similar indicating minimal difference between EPS compositions. 28011103 2 39 dep Rhizobium 387:395 arg1 tropici 397:403 tropici 397:403 tropici 397:403 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 2 40 theme new 351:353 arg1 production 373:382 the new exopolysaccharide production 347:382 the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains 347:435 In the present study, attempts were made to obtain the new exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium tropici (SEMIA 4080 and MUTZC3) strains during growth on hydrocarbon substrate. 28011103 1 41 theme potential 237:245 arg1 applications 247:258 potential applications 237:258 potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons 237:293 Exopolysaccharide (EPS) are produced by a diverse of rhizobia species and has been demonstrated to be a bioemulsifier with potential applications in the degradation of hydrocarbons. 27875657 9 0 theme c-Jun 1227:1231 arg1 phosphorylation 1208:1222 the phosphorylation 1204:1222 the phosphorylation of c-Jun 1204:1231 Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-Jun was also suppressed by IκBα and JNK inhibition. 27875657 8 1 theme FBR-4a-induced 1064:1077 arg1 IL-6 1079:1082 FBR-4a-induced IL-6 1064:1082 FBR-4a-induced IL-6 1064:1082 FBR-4a-induced IL-6 and NO production was completely suppressed by IκBα and JNK inhibition, but not by ERK and p38 inhibition. 27875657 1 2 theme dietary 168:174 arg1 content 182:188 high dietary fiber content 163:188 high dietary fiber content 163:188 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 7 3 theme transcription 986:998 arg1 factor 1000:1005 AP-1 transcription factor 981:1005 AP-1 transcription factor 981:1005 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 3 4 attach isolated 332:339 arg2 polysaccharide 304:317 a polysaccharide 302:317 a polysaccharide 302:317 In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. 27875657 3 4 attach isolated 332:339 arg1 rice 362:365 fermented brown rice 346:365 fermented brown rice 346:365 In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. 27875657 3 4 attach isolated 332:339 arg2 FBR-4a 320:325 FBR-4a 320:325 FBR-4a 320:325 In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. 27875657 7 5 theme mitogen-activated 910:926 arg1 NF-κB 945:949 NF-κB 945:949 NF-κB 945:949 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 7 5 theme mitogen-activated 910:926 arg1 kinases 936:942 the mitogen-activated protein kinases 906:942 the mitogen-activated protein kinases 906:942 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 7 5 theme mitogen-activated 910:926 arg1 c-Jun 955:959 c-Jun 955:959 c-Jun 955:959 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 1 6 theme fiber 176:180 arg1 content 182:188 high dietary fiber content 163:188 high dietary fiber content 163:188 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 10 7 contain has 1351:1353 arg2 activity 1375:1382 immune potentiation activity 1355:1382 immune potentiation activity on macrophages 1355:1397 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 10 7 contain has 1351:1353 arg1 FBR-4a 1309:1314 FBR-4a 1309:1314 FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice 1309:1349 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 7 8 theme protein 928:934 arg1 NF-κB 945:949 NF-κB 945:949 NF-κB 945:949 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 7 8 theme protein 928:934 arg1 kinases 936:942 the mitogen-activated protein kinases 906:942 the mitogen-activated protein kinases 906:942 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 7 8 theme protein 928:934 arg1 c-Jun 955:959 c-Jun 955:959 c-Jun 955:959 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 6 9 theme molecules 784:792 arg1 production 751:760 the production 747:760 the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells 747:847 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 10 10 attach isolated 1316:1323 arg2 FBR-4a 1309:1314 FBR-4a 1309:1314 FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice 1309:1349 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 10 10 attach isolated 1316:1323 arg1 rice 1346:1349 fermented brown rice 1330:1349 fermented brown rice 1330:1349 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 3 11 theme fermented 346:354 arg1 rice 362:365 fermented brown rice 346:365 fermented brown rice 346:365 In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. 27875657 6 12 theme RAW264.7 834:841 arg1 cells 843:847 RAW264.7 cells 834:847 RAW264.7 cells 834:847 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 13 theme immune-stimulatory 765:782 arg1 [NO 808:810 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 13 theme immune-stimulatory 765:782 arg1 IL-6 814:817 IL-6 814:817 IL-6 814:817 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 13 theme immune-stimulatory 765:782 arg1 TNF-α 824:828 TNF-α 824:828 TNF-α 824:828 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 13 theme immune-stimulatory 765:782 arg1 molecules 784:792 immune-stimulatory molecules 765:792 immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) 765:829 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 10 14 theme signaling 1420:1428 arg1 pathways 1430:1437 IκBα and JNK signaling pathways 1407:1437 pathways 1430:1437 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 1 15 theme Brown 93:97 arg1 rice 99:102 Brown rice 93:102 Brown rice 93:102 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 7 16 theme concentration-dependent 1032:1054 arg1 manner 1056:1061 a concentration-dependent manner 1030:1061 a concentration-dependent manner 1030:1061 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 10 17 theme potentiation 1362:1373 arg1 activity 1375:1382 immune potentiation activity 1355:1382 immune potentiation activity on macrophages 1355:1397 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 8 18 theme JNK 1140:1142 arg1 inhibition 1144:1153 JNK inhibition 1140:1153 JNK inhibition 1140:1153 FBR-4a-induced IL-6 and NO production was completely suppressed by IκBα and JNK inhibition, but not by ERK and p38 inhibition. 27875657 4 19 theme RAW264.7 476:483 arg1 cells 485:489 RAW264.7 cells 476:489 RAW264.7 cells 476:489 In addition, its immune-stimulating activity was determined using RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 10 20 theme immune 1355:1360 arg1 activity 1375:1382 immune potentiation activity 1355:1382 immune potentiation activity on macrophages 1355:1397 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 7 21 theme factor 1000:1005 arg1 component 968:976 major component 962:976 major component of AP-1 transcription factor 962:1005 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 9 22 theme JNK 1265:1267 arg1 inhibition 1269:1278 JNK inhibition 1265:1278 JNK inhibition 1265:1278 Furthermore, the phosphorylation of c-Jun was also suppressed by IκBα and JNK inhibition. 27875657 10 23 theme IκBα 1407:1410 arg1 pathways 1430:1437 IκBα and JNK signaling pathways 1407:1437 pathways 1430:1437 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 1 24 theme nutritional 108:118 arg1 benefits 120:127 nutritional benefits 108:127 nutritional benefits 108:127 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 2 25 dep chewy 254:258 arg1 chewy 254:258 improved chewy texture and digestibility 245:284 improved chewy texture and digestibility 245:284 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 2 25 dep chewy 254:258 arg1 digestibility 272:284 digestibility 272:284 digestibility 272:284 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 2 25 dep chewy 254:258 arg1 texture 260:266 texture 260:266 texture 260:266 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 0 26 theme Polysaccharide 42:55 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide 0:55 Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide Isolated from Fermented Brown Rice. 27875657 10 27 from activity 1375:1382 arg1 macrophages 1387:1397 macrophages 1387:1397 macrophages 1387:1397 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 5 28 theme glucuronic 663:672 arg1 acid 674:677 glucuronic acid 663:677 glucuronic acid 663:677 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 10 29 theme brown 1340:1344 arg1 rice 1346:1349 fermented brown rice 1330:1349 fermented brown rice 1330:1349 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 0 30 theme Macrophage-Activating 20:40 arg1 Polysaccharide 42:55 Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide 20:55 Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide 20:55 Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide Isolated from Fermented Brown Rice. 27875657 4 31 theme immune-stimulating 427:444 arg1 activity 446:453 its immune-stimulating activity 423:453 its immune-stimulating activity 423:453 In addition, its immune-stimulating activity was determined using RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 7 32 dep NF-κB 945:949 arg1 component 968:976 major component 962:976 major component of AP-1 transcription factor 962:1005 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 8 33 dep ERK 1167:1169 arg1 inhibition 1179:1188 inhibition 1179:1188 inhibition 1179:1188 FBR-4a-induced IL-6 and NO production was completely suppressed by IκBα and JNK inhibition, but not by ERK and p38 inhibition. 27875657 6 34 dep molecules 784:792 arg1 [NO 808:810 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 34 dep molecules 784:792 arg1 IL-6 814:817 IL-6 814:817 IL-6 814:817 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 34 dep molecules 784:792 arg1 TNF-α 824:828 TNF-α 824:828 TNF-α 824:828 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 34 dep molecules 784:792 arg1 molecules 784:792 immune-stimulatory molecules 765:792 immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) 765:829 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 35 from production 751:760 arg1 cells 843:847 RAW264.7 cells 834:847 RAW264.7 cells 834:847 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 10 36 dep has 1351:1353 arg1 play 1446:1449 play 1446:1449 play a central role in IL-6 and NO production 1446:1490 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 2 37 theme fermented 226:234 arg1 form 236:239 a fermented form 224:239 a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility 224:284 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 6 38 theme IL-6 729:732 arg1 expression 706:715 the gene expression 697:715 the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 697:732 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 3 39 theme chemical 375:382 arg1 composition 384:394 its chemical composition 371:394 its chemical composition 371:394 In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. 27875657 5 40 theme galacturonic 640:651 arg1 acid 653:656 galacturonic acid 640:656 galacturonic acid 640:656 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 10 41 theme NO 1478:1479 arg1 production 1481:1490 NO production 1478:1490 NO production 1478:1490 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 0 42 theme Fermented 71:79 arg1 Rice 87:90 Fermented Brown Rice 71:90 Fermented Brown Rice 71:90 Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide Isolated from Fermented Brown Rice. 27875657 10 43 theme fermented 1330:1338 arg1 rice 1346:1349 fermented brown rice 1330:1349 fermented brown rice 1330:1349 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 7 44 theme RAW264.7 1011:1018 arg1 cells 1020:1024 RAW264.7 cells 1011:1024 RAW264.7 cells 1011:1024 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 3 45 theme brown 356:360 arg1 rice 362:365 fermented brown rice 346:365 fermented brown rice 346:365 In this study, a polysaccharide, FBR-4a, was isolated from fermented brown rice and its chemical composition was analyzed. 27875657 10 46 theme JNK 1416:1418 arg1 pathways 1430:1437 IκBα and JNK signaling pathways 1407:1437 pathways 1430:1437 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 6 47 theme iNOS 720:723 arg1 expression 706:715 the gene expression 697:715 the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 697:732 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 7 48 theme Western 850:856 arg1 analysis 863:870 Western blot analysis 850:870 Western blot analysis 850:870 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 1 49 contain has 104:106 arg1 rice 99:102 Brown rice 93:102 Brown rice 93:102 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 1 49 contain has 104:106 arg2 benefits 120:127 nutritional benefits 108:127 nutritional benefits 108:127 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 10 50 theme central 1453:1459 arg1 role 1461:1464 a central role 1451:1464 a central role 1451:1464 These findings suggest that FBR-4a isolated from fermented brown rice has immune potentiation activity on macrophages through IκBα and JNK signaling pathways, which play a central role in IL-6 and NO production. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 galactose 574:582 galactose 574:582 galactose 574:582 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 acid 674:677 glucuronic acid 663:677 glucuronic acid 663:677 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 mannose 606:612 mannose 606:612 mannose 606:612 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 fucose 615:620 fucose 615:620 fucose 615:620 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 types 538:542 nine types 533:542 nine types 533:542 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 acid 653:656 galacturonic acid 640:656 galacturonic acid 640:656 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 arabinose 585:593 arabinose 585:593 arabinose 585:593 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 rhamnose 596:603 rhamnose 596:603 rhamnose 596:603 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 xylose 623:628 xylose 623:628 xylose 623:628 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 5 51 theme monosaccharides 547:561 arg1 glucose 631:637 glucose 631:637 glucose 631:637 FBR-4a is a carbohydrate and consists of nine types of monosaccharides, including galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, fucose, xylose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. 27875657 1 52 theme abundant 140:147 arg1 nutrients 149:157 its abundant nutrients 136:157 its abundant nutrients 136:157 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 27875657 7 53 theme blot 858:861 arg1 analysis 863:870 Western blot analysis 850:870 Western blot analysis 850:870 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 7 54 theme AP-1 981:984 arg1 factor 1000:1005 AP-1 transcription factor 981:1005 AP-1 transcription factor 981:1005 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 6 55 theme oxide 802:806 arg1 [NO 808:810 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 55 theme oxide 802:806 arg1 molecules 784:792 immune-stimulatory molecules 765:792 immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) 765:829 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 7 56 theme major 962:966 arg1 component 968:976 major component 962:976 major component of AP-1 transcription factor 962:1005 Western blot analysis showed that FBR-4a phosphorylated the mitogen-activated protein kinases, NF-κB and c-Jun (major component of AP-1 transcription factor) in RAW264.7 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. 27875657 8 57 theme NO 1088:1089 arg1 production 1091:1100 NO production 1088:1100 NO production 1088:1100 FBR-4a-induced IL-6 and NO production was completely suppressed by IκBα and JNK inhibition, but not by ERK and p38 inhibition. 27875657 6 58 theme nitric 795:800 arg1 [NO 808:810 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 nitric oxide [NO] 795:811 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 6 58 theme nitric 795:800 arg1 molecules 784:792 immune-stimulatory molecules 765:792 immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) 765:829 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 2 59 theme improved 245:252 arg1 chewy 254:258 improved chewy texture and digestibility 245:284 improved chewy texture and digestibility 245:284 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 2 59 theme improved 245:252 arg1 digestibility 272:284 digestibility 272:284 digestibility 272:284 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 2 59 theme improved 245:252 arg1 texture 260:266 texture 260:266 texture 260:266 However, it is often consumed in a fermented form for improved chewy texture and digestibility. 27875657 6 60 theme gene 701:704 arg1 expression 706:715 the gene expression 697:715 the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 697:732 FBR-4a increased the gene expression of iNOS and IL-6 and enhanced the production of immune-stimulatory molecules (nitric oxide [NO], IL-6, and TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells. 27875657 0 61 theme Brown 81:85 arg1 Rice 87:90 Fermented Brown Rice 71:90 Fermented Brown Rice 71:90 Characterization of Macrophage-Activating Polysaccharide Isolated from Fermented Brown Rice. 27875657 1 62 theme high 163:166 arg1 content 182:188 high dietary fiber content 163:188 high dietary fiber content 163:188 Brown rice has nutritional benefits due to its abundant nutrients and high dietary fiber content. 24515722 1 0 theme gases 263:267 arg1 separation 245:254 separation 245:254 separation of the gases 245:267 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 2 1 theme simulations 581:591 arg1 results 566:572 the results 562:572 the results of the simulations 562:591 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 3 2 theme surface 761:767 arg1 area 769:772 surface area 761:772 surface area 761:772 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 3 theme hydroxyl 187:194 arg1 dendrimers 213:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers 187:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases 187:267 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 4 theme membranes 711:719 arg1 properties 670:679 The simulated structural properties 645:679 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) 645:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 5 theme gases 895:899 arg1 separability 875:886 the separability 871:886 the separability of the gases by the membranes 871:916 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 6 theme hyaluronic 130:139 arg1 HA 147:148 HA 147:148 HA 147:148 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 6 theme hyaluronic 130:139 arg1 acid 141:144 hyaluronic acid 130:144 hyaluronic acid (HA) 130:149 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 7 theme free 748:751 arg1 volume 753:758 free volume 748:758 free volume 748:758 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 8 theme poly 196:199 arg1 dendrimers 213:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers 187:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases 187:267 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 9 theme R 829:829 arg1 gyration 819:826 gyration 819:826 gyration (R g ) 819:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 9 theme R 829:829 arg1 g 831:831 R g 829:831 R g 829:831 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 2 10 theme mixtures 516:523 arg1 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 10 theme mixtures 516:523 arg1 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 10 theme mixtures 516:523 arg1 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 10 theme mixtures 516:523 arg1 properties 445:454 The transport properties 431:454 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes 431:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 1 11 theme Pure 67:70 arg1 polysulfone 72:82 Pure polysulfone 67:82 Pure polysulfone (PSF) 67:88 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 11 theme Pure 67:70 arg1 PSF 85:87 PSF 85:87 PSF 85:87 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 12 theme fractional 775:784 arg1 FFV 799:801 FFV 799:801 FFV 799:801 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 12 theme fractional 775:784 arg1 volume 791:796 fractional free volume 775:796 fractional free volume (FFV) 775:802 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 13 theme amidoamine 201:210 arg1 dendrimers 213:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers 187:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases 187:267 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 14 theme PSF 707:709 arg1 volume 740:745 occupied volume 731:745 occupied volume 731:745 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 14 theme PSF 707:709 arg1 area 769:772 surface area 761:772 surface area 761:772 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 14 theme PSF 707:709 arg1 membranes 711:719 the pure and composite PSF membranes 684:719 the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) 684:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 14 theme PSF 707:709 arg1 radius 809:814 radius 809:814 radius of gyration (R g ) 809:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 14 theme PSF 707:709 arg1 volume 753:758 free volume 748:758 free volume 748:758 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 14 theme PSF 707:709 arg1 volume 791:796 fractional free volume 775:796 fractional free volume (FFV) 775:802 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 15 theme carbon 279:284 arg1 dioxide 286:292 carbon dioxide 279:292 carbon dioxide 279:292 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 16 theme molecular 355:363 arg1 MD 375:376 MD 375:376 MD 375:376 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 16 theme molecular 355:363 arg1 dynamics 365:372 molecular dynamics 355:372 molecular dynamics (MD) 355:377 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 2 17 theme experimental 626:637 arg1 data 639:642 the available experimental data 612:642 the available experimental data 612:642 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 3 18 theme composite 697:705 arg1 volume 740:745 occupied volume 731:745 occupied volume 731:745 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 18 theme composite 697:705 arg1 area 769:772 surface area 761:772 surface area 761:772 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 18 theme composite 697:705 arg1 membranes 711:719 the pure and composite PSF membranes 684:719 the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) 684:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 18 theme composite 697:705 arg1 radius 809:814 radius 809:814 radius of gyration (R g ) 809:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 18 theme composite 697:705 arg1 volume 753:758 free volume 748:758 free volume 748:758 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 18 theme composite 697:705 arg1 volume 791:796 fractional free volume 775:796 fractional free volume (FFV) 775:802 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 HA 147:148 HA 147:148 HA 147:148 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 amidoamine 170:179 amidoamine 170:179 amidoamine 170:179 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 nitrogen 313:320 nitrogen 313:320 nitrogen 313:320 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 CST 124:126 CST 124:126 CST 124:126 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 dioxide 286:292 carbon dioxide 279:292 carbon dioxide 279:292 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 dendrimers 213:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers 187:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases 187:267 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 poly 165:168 conventional poly 152:168 conventional poly(amidoamine) 152:180 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 chitosan 114:121 chitosan 114:121 chitosan (CST) 114:127 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 oxygen 327:332 oxygen 327:332 oxygen 327:332 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 acid 141:144 hyaluronic acid 130:144 hyaluronic acid (HA) 130:149 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 methane 270:276 methane 270:276 methane 270:276 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 19 with polysulfone 72:82 arg1 sulfide 304:310 hydrogen sulfide 295:310 hydrogen sulfide 295:310 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 2 20 theme available 616:624 arg1 data 639:642 the available experimental data 612:642 the available experimental data 612:642 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 0 21 theme simulation 10:19 arg1 study 21:25 Molecular simulation study 0:25 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 0:65 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 HA 147:148 HA 147:148 HA 147:148 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 amidoamine 170:179 amidoamine 170:179 amidoamine 170:179 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 nitrogen 313:320 nitrogen 313:320 nitrogen 313:320 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 CST 124:126 CST 124:126 CST 124:126 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 dioxide 286:292 carbon dioxide 279:292 carbon dioxide 279:292 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 dendrimers 213:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers 187:222 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases 187:267 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 oxygen 327:332 oxygen 327:332 oxygen 327:332 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 chitosan 114:121 chitosan 114:121 chitosan (CST) 114:127 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 poly 165:168 conventional poly 152:168 conventional poly(amidoamine) 152:180 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 acid 141:144 hyaluronic acid 130:144 hyaluronic acid (HA) 130:149 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 methane 270:276 methane 270:276 methane 270:276 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 22 with composites 98:107 arg1 sulfide 304:310 hydrogen sulfide 295:310 hydrogen sulfide 295:310 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 0 23 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 study 21:25 Molecular simulation study 0:25 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 0:65 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 24515722 2 24 theme transport 435:443 arg1 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 24 theme transport 435:443 arg1 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 24 theme transport 435:443 arg1 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 24 theme transport 435:443 arg1 properties 445:454 The transport properties 431:454 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes 431:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 25 theme gas 512:514 arg1 mixtures 516:523 gas mixtures 512:523 gas mixtures 512:523 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 1 26 theme hydrogen 295:302 arg1 sulfide 304:310 hydrogen sulfide 295:310 hydrogen sulfide 295:310 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 27 theme conventional 152:163 arg1 amidoamine 170:179 amidoamine 170:179 amidoamine 170:179 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 1 27 theme conventional 152:163 arg1 poly 165:168 conventional poly 152:168 conventional poly(amidoamine) 152:180 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 0 28 theme dendrimer 36:44 arg1 membranes 56:64 PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes 30:64 PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes 30:64 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 24515722 3 29 theme free 786:789 arg1 FFV 799:801 FFV 799:801 FFV 799:801 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 29 theme free 786:789 arg1 volume 791:796 fractional free volume 775:796 fractional free volume (FFV) 775:802 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 0 30 theme PAMAM 30:34 arg1 membranes 56:64 PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes 30:64 PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes 30:64 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 24515722 3 31 theme simulated 649:657 arg1 properties 670:679 The simulated structural properties 645:679 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) 645:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 2 32 from properties 445:454 arg1 membranes 532:540 the membranes 528:540 the membranes 528:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 0 33 theme membranes 56:64 arg1 study 21:25 Molecular simulation study 0:25 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 0:65 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 24515722 3 34 theme structural 659:668 arg1 properties 670:679 The simulated structural properties 645:679 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) 645:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 35 theme grand 383:387 arg1 simulations 418:428 grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations 383:428 grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations 383:428 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 0 36 theme composite 46:54 arg1 membranes 56:64 PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes 30:64 PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes 30:64 Molecular simulation study of PAMAM dendrimer composite membranes. 24515722 2 37 theme pure 503:506 arg1 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 37 theme pure 503:506 arg1 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 37 theme pure 503:506 arg1 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 37 theme pure 503:506 arg1 properties 445:454 The transport properties 431:454 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes 431:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 1 38 theme canonical 389:397 arg1 simulations 418:428 grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations 383:428 grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations 383:428 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 39 from effects 860:866 arg1 separability 875:886 the separability 871:886 the separability of the gases by the membranes 871:916 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 2 40 from pure 503:506 arg1 membranes 532:540 the membranes 528:540 the membranes 528:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 3 41 theme obtained 955:962 arg1 results 964:970 the obtained results 951:970 the obtained results 951:970 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 1 42 theme Carlo 405:409 arg1 simulations 418:428 grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations 383:428 grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations 383:428 Pure polysulfone (PSF) and its composites with chitosan (CST), hyaluronic acid (HA), conventional poly(amidoamine), and hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) dendrimers as the membranes for separation of the gases, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and oxygen have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. 24515722 3 43 theme pure 688:691 arg1 volume 740:745 occupied volume 731:745 occupied volume 731:745 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 43 theme pure 688:691 arg1 area 769:772 surface area 761:772 surface area 761:772 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 43 theme pure 688:691 arg1 membranes 711:719 the pure and composite PSF membranes 684:719 the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) 684:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 43 theme pure 688:691 arg1 radius 809:814 radius 809:814 radius of gyration (R g ) 809:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 43 theme pure 688:691 arg1 volume 753:758 free volume 748:758 free volume 748:758 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 43 theme pure 688:691 arg1 volume 791:796 fractional free volume 775:796 fractional free volume (FFV) 775:802 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 44 theme occupied 731:738 arg1 volume 740:745 occupied volume 731:745 occupied volume 731:745 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 2 45 dep properties 445:454 arg1 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 45 dep properties 445:454 arg1 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 45 dep properties 445:454 arg1 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 45 dep properties 445:454 arg1 properties 445:454 The transport properties 431:454 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes 431:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 3 46 theme gyration 819:826 arg1 FFV 799:801 FFV 799:801 FFV 799:801 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 46 theme gyration 819:826 arg1 volume 740:745 occupied volume 731:745 occupied volume 731:745 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 46 theme gyration 819:826 arg1 area 769:772 surface area 761:772 surface area 761:772 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 46 theme gyration 819:826 arg1 radius 809:814 radius 809:814 radius of gyration (R g ) 809:833 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 46 theme gyration 819:826 arg1 volume 753:758 free volume 748:758 free volume 748:758 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 3 46 theme gyration 819:826 arg1 volume 791:796 fractional free volume 775:796 fractional free volume (FFV) 775:802 The simulated structural properties of the pure and composite PSF membranes including occupied volume, free volume, surface area, fractional free volume (FFV), and radius of gyration (R g ) were evaluated and their effects on the separability of the gases by the membranes were analyzed and interpreted by the obtained results. 24515722 2 47 from membranes 532:540 arg1 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 solubility 457:466 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 47 from membranes 532:540 arg1 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 diffusivity 469:479 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 47 from membranes 532:540 arg1 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 permeability 486:497 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 47 from membranes 532:540 arg1 pure 503:506 pure 503:506 pure 503:506 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24515722 2 47 from membranes 532:540 arg1 properties 445:454 The transport properties 431:454 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes 431:540 The transport properties (solubility, diffusivity, and permeability) of pure and gas mixtures in the membranes were calculated and the results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data. 24634398 0 0 theme chiral 116:121 arg1 selectors 123:131 polysaccharide-based chiral selectors 95:131 polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 95:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 4 1 theme EEO 707:709 arg1 reversal 711:718 EEO reversal 707:718 EEO reversal 707:718 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 7 2 located observed 1346:1353 arg2 examples 1313:1320 Several other examples 1299:1320 Several other examples of reversal in EEO 1299:1339 Several other examples of reversal in EEO were observed in this study. 24634398 7 2 located observed 1346:1353 arg1 study 1363:1367 this study 1358:1367 this study 1358:1367 Several other examples of reversal in EEO were observed in this study. 24634398 7 3 from examples 1313:1320 arg1 EEO 1337:1339 EEO 1337:1339 EEO 1337:1339 Several other examples of reversal in EEO were observed in this study. 24634398 0 4 theme polysaccharide-based 95:114 arg1 selectors 123:131 polysaccharide-based chiral selectors 95:131 polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 95:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 5 5 theme same 1005:1008 arg1 eluents 1010:1016 the same eluents 1001:1016 the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1001:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 8 6 theme sulfoxide 1450:1458 arg1 stereoisomers 1419:1431 four stereoisomers 1414:1431 four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1414:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 3 7 theme cellulose 523:531 arg1 4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate 538:569 4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate 538:569 4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate 538:569 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 7 theme cellulose 523:531 arg1 tris 533:536 cellulose tris 523:536 cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) 523:588 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 7 theme cellulose 523:531 arg1 Cellulose-4 577:587 Lux Cellulose-4 573:587 Lux Cellulose-4 573:587 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 1 8 theme polysaccharide-based 280:299 arg1 columns 308:314 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 280:314 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases 280:345 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 6 9 theme mobile 1255:1260 arg1 acetonitrile 1226:1237 acetonitrile 1226:1237 acetonitrile 1226:1237 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 6 9 theme mobile 1255:1260 arg1 phase 1262:1266 the mobile phase 1251:1266 the mobile phase with the same chiral selector 1251:1296 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 0 10 from Enantioseparation 0:16 arg1 chromatography 75:88 high-performance liquid chromatography 51:88 high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 51:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 6 11 theme Lux 1177:1179 arg1 Amylose-2 1181:1189 Lux Amylose-2 1177:1189 Lux Amylose-2 in methanol 1177:1201 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 7 12 theme Several 1299:1305 arg1 examples 1313:1320 Several other examples 1299:1320 Several other examples of reversal in EEO 1299:1339 Several other examples of reversal in EEO were observed in this study. 24634398 8 13 theme interesting 1373:1383 arg1 example 1385:1391 An interesting example 1370:1391 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1370:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 1 14 theme chiral 301:306 arg1 columns 308:314 polysaccharide-based chiral columns 280:314 polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases 280:345 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 8 15 theme separation 1400:1409 arg1 example 1385:1391 An interesting example 1370:1391 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1370:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 7 16 theme reversal 1325:1332 arg1 examples 1313:1320 Several other examples 1299:1320 Several other examples of reversal in EEO 1299:1339 Several other examples of reversal in EEO were observed in this study. 24634398 3 17 theme Lux 573:575 arg1 tris 533:536 cellulose tris 523:536 cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) 523:588 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 17 theme Lux 573:575 arg1 Cellulose-4 577:587 Lux Cellulose-4 573:587 Lux Cellulose-4 573:587 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 0 18 theme organic 142:148 arg1 phases 157:162 polar organic mobile phases 136:162 polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 136:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 4 19 theme chiral 751:756 arg1 selector 758:765 the chiral selector 747:765 the chiral selector 747:765 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 0 20 with chromatography 75:88 arg1 selectors 123:131 polysaccharide-based chiral selectors 95:131 polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 95:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 4 21 theme mobile 793:798 arg1 phase 800:804 the mobile phase 789:804 the mobile phase 789:804 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 3 22 from separation 626:635 arg1 successful 608:617 successful 608:617 successful 608:617 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 5 23 theme lansoprazole 845:856 arg1 enantiomer 831:840 the R-(+) enantiomer 821:840 the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole 821:856 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 0 24 theme polar 136:140 arg1 phases 157:162 polar organic mobile phases 136:162 polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 136:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 5 25 theme mobile 947:952 arg1 phase 954:958 the mobile phase 943:958 the mobile phase 943:958 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 8 26 theme phenaminophos 1436:1448 arg1 sulfoxide 1450:1458 phenaminophos sulfoxide 1436:1458 phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1436:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 6 27 theme omeprazole 1150:1159 arg1 enantiomer 1136:1145 The R-(+) enantiomer 1126:1145 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole 1126:1159 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 5 28 from Cellulose-1 900:910 arg1 methanol 920:927 both methanol 915:927 both methanol 915:927 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 28 from Cellulose-1 900:910 arg1 ethanol 932:938 ethanol 932:938 ethanol 932:938 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 2 29 theme elution 359:365 arg1 EEO 374:376 EEO 374:376 EEO 374:376 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 2 29 theme elution 359:365 arg1 order 367:371 Enantiomer elution order 348:371 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) 348:377 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 2 29 theme elution 359:365 arg1 objective 395:403 the primary objective 383:403 the primary objective 383:403 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 3 30 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 columns 442:448 the six chiral columns 427:448 the six chiral columns 427:448 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 30 theme chiral 435:440 arg1 those 462:466 those 462:466 those 462:466 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 5 31 theme R- 1108:1109 arg1 enantiomer 1114:1123 the R-(+) enantiomer 1104:1123 the R-(+) enantiomer 1104:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 2 32 from objective 395:403 arg1 study 413:417 this study 408:417 this study 408:417 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 2 33 theme Enantiomer 348:357 arg1 EEO 374:376 EEO 374:376 EEO 374:376 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 2 33 theme Enantiomer 348:357 arg1 order 367:371 Enantiomer elution order 348:371 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) 348:377 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 2 33 theme Enantiomer 348:357 arg1 objective 395:403 the primary objective 383:403 the primary objective 383:403 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 5 34 with tris 1029:1032 arg1 eluting 1089:1095 the S-(-) enantiomer eluting 1068:1095 the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1068:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 3 35 theme columns 442:448 arg1 those 462:466 those 462:466 those 462:466 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 35 theme columns 442:448 arg1 columns 442:448 the six chiral columns 427:448 the six chiral columns 427:448 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 35 theme columns 442:448 arg1 Two 420:422 Two 420:422 Two 420:422 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 0 36 theme chiral 30:35 arg1 sulfoxides 37:46 selected chiral sulfoxides 21:46 selected chiral sulfoxides 21:46 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 1 37 theme polar 319:323 arg1 phases 340:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 5 38 from opposite 989:996 arg1 eluents 1010:1016 the same eluents 1001:1016 the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1001:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 0 39 theme selected 21:28 arg1 sulfoxides 37:46 selected chiral sulfoxides 21:46 selected chiral sulfoxides 21:46 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 1 40 theme organic 325:331 arg1 phases 340:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 0 41 theme mobile 150:155 arg1 phases 157:162 polar organic mobile phases 136:162 polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 136:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 4 42 theme reversal 711:718 arg1 examples 695:702 Interesting examples 683:702 Interesting examples of EEO reversal 683:718 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 3 43 from successful 608:617 arg1 separation 626:635 the separation 622:635 the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides 622:680 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 1 44 theme enantiomers 229:239 arg1 separation 211:220 The separation 207:220 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides 207:263 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 1 45 theme mobile 333:338 arg1 phases 340:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 3 46 theme studied 663:669 arg1 sulfoxides 671:680 the studied sulfoxides 659:680 the studied sulfoxides 659:680 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 5 47 theme elution 971:977 arg1 order 979:983 the elution order 967:983 the elution order 967:983 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 47 theme elution 971:977 arg1 opposite 989:996 opposite 989:996 opposite 989:996 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 4 48 theme Interesting 683:693 arg1 examples 695:702 Interesting examples 683:702 Interesting examples of EEO reversal 683:718 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 0 49 theme sulfoxides 37:46 arg1 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 0:205 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 5 50 theme enantiomer 1078:1087 arg1 eluting 1089:1095 the S-(-) enantiomer eluting 1068:1095 the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1068:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 3 51 theme enantiomers 644:654 arg1 separation 626:635 the separation 622:635 the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides 622:680 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 5 52 theme R- 825:826 arg1 enantiomer 831:840 the R-(+) enantiomer 821:840 the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole 821:856 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 0 53 theme liquid 68:73 arg1 chromatography 75:88 high-performance liquid chromatography 51:88 high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 51:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 5 54 theme S- 876:877 arg1 enantiomer 882:891 the S-(-) enantiomer 872:891 the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase 872:958 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 0 55 theme enantiomer 181:190 arg1 order 200:204 enantiomer elution order 181:204 enantiomer elution order 181:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 8 56 theme stereoisomers 1419:1431 arg1 separation 1400:1409 the separation 1396:1409 the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1396:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 6 57 with phase 1262:1266 arg1 selector 1289:1296 the same chiral selector 1273:1296 the same chiral selector 1273:1296 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 3 58 theme amylose 477:483 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 490:516 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 490:516 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 490:516 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 3 58 theme amylose 477:483 arg1 tris 485:488 amylose tris 477:488 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) 477:517 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 0 59 theme high-performance 51:66 arg1 chromatography 75:88 high-performance liquid chromatography 51:88 high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 51:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 6 60 used used 1243:1246 arg2 acetonitrile 1226:1237 acetonitrile 1226:1237 acetonitrile 1226:1237 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 6 60 used used 1243:1246 arg2 phase 1262:1266 the mobile phase 1251:1266 the mobile phase with the same chiral selector 1251:1296 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 8 61 contain containing 1460:1469 arg2 sulfur 1478:1483 sulfur 1478:1483 sulfur 1478:1483 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 8 61 contain containing 1460:1469 arg1 sulfoxide 1450:1458 phenaminophos sulfoxide 1436:1458 phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1436:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 8 61 contain containing 1460:1469 arg2 atoms 1498:1502 chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1471:1502 atoms 1498:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 6 62 theme R- 1130:1131 arg1 enantiomer 1136:1145 The R-(+) enantiomer 1126:1145 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole 1126:1159 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 7 63 theme other 1307:1311 arg1 examples 1313:1320 Several other examples 1299:1320 Several other examples of reversal in EEO 1299:1339 Several other examples of reversal in EEO were observed in this study. 24634398 5 64 theme Lux 896:898 arg1 Cellulose-1 900:910 Lux Cellulose-1 896:910 Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase 896:958 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 0 65 from emphasis 169:176 arg1 order 200:204 enantiomer elution order 181:204 enantiomer elution order 181:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 0 66 theme elution 192:198 arg1 order 200:204 enantiomer elution order 181:204 enantiomer elution order 181:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 3 67 theme sulfoxides 671:680 arg1 enantiomers 644:654 the enantiomers 640:654 the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides 640:680 Two of the six chiral columns, especially those based on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Cellulose-4) proved to be most successful in the separation of the enantiomers of the studied sulfoxides. 24634398 4 68 theme phase 800:804 arg1 selector 758:765 the chiral selector 747:765 the chiral selector 747:765 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 4 68 theme phase 800:804 arg1 composition 774:784 the composition 770:784 the composition of the mobile phase 770:804 Interesting examples of EEO reversal were observed depending on the chiral selector or the composition of the mobile phase. 24634398 5 69 theme amylose 1021:1027 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1034:1060 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1034:1060 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1034:1060 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 69 theme amylose 1021:1027 arg1 tris 1029:1032 amylose tris 1021:1032 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1021:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 2 70 theme primary 387:393 arg1 order 367:371 Enantiomer elution order 348:371 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) 348:377 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 2 70 theme primary 387:393 arg1 objective 395:403 the primary objective 383:403 the primary objective 383:403 Enantiomer elution order (EEO) was the primary objective in this study. 24634398 0 71 with phases 157:162 arg1 emphasis 169:176 emphasis 169:176 emphasis on enantiomer elution order 169:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 1 72 theme sulfoxides 254:263 arg1 enantiomers 229:239 the enantiomers 225:239 the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides 225:263 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 6 73 theme same 1277:1280 arg1 selector 1289:1296 the same chiral selector 1273:1296 the same chiral selector 1273:1296 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 0 74 from selectors 123:131 arg1 phases 157:162 polar organic mobile phases 136:162 polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order 136:204 Enantioseparation of selected chiral sulfoxides in high-performance liquid chromatography with polysaccharide-based chiral selectors in polar organic mobile phases with emphasis on enantiomer elution order. 24634398 5 75 from enantiomer 882:891 arg1 Cellulose-1 900:910 Lux Cellulose-1 896:910 Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase 896:958 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 1 76 from columns 308:314 arg1 phases 340:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 polar organic mobile phases 319:345 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 5 77 from eluents 1010:1016 arg1 order 979:983 the elution order 967:983 the elution order 967:983 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 77 from eluents 1010:1016 arg1 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1034:1060 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1034:1060 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate 1034:1060 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 77 from eluents 1010:1016 arg1 tris 1029:1032 amylose tris 1021:1032 amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1021:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 77 from eluents 1010:1016 arg1 opposite 989:996 opposite 989:996 opposite 989:996 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 5 78 theme S- 1072:1073 arg1 eluting 1089:1095 the S-(-) enantiomer eluting 1068:1095 the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer 1068:1123 For instance, the R-(+) enantiomer of lansoprazole eluted before the S-(-) enantiomer on Lux Cellulose-1 in both methanol or ethanol as the mobile phase, while the elution order was opposite in the same eluents on amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) with the S-(-) enantiomer eluting before the R-(+) enantiomer. 24634398 8 79 theme phosphor 1489:1496 arg1 atoms 1498:1502 chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms 1471:1502 atoms 1498:1502 An interesting example of the separation of four stereoisomers of phenaminophos sulfoxide containing chiral sulfur and phosphor atoms is also reported here. 24634398 6 80 theme chiral 1282:1287 arg1 selector 1289:1296 the same chiral selector 1273:1296 the same chiral selector 1273:1296 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 24634398 1 81 theme chiral 247:252 arg1 sulfoxides 254:263 17 chiral sulfoxides 244:263 17 chiral sulfoxides 244:263 The separation of the enantiomers of 17 chiral sulfoxides was studied on polysaccharide-based chiral columns in polar organic mobile phases. 24634398 6 82 from Amylose-2 1181:1189 arg1 methanol 1194:1201 methanol 1194:1201 methanol 1194:1201 The R-(+) enantiomer of omeprazole eluted first on Lux Amylose-2 in methanol but it was second when acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase with the same chiral selector. 28034823 4 0 theme Methylation 599:609 arg1 analyses 642:649 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 599:649 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 599:649 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 4 1 theme nuclear 615:621 arg1 resonance 632:640 nuclear magnetic resonance 615:640 nuclear magnetic resonance 615:640 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 7 2 theme initial 999:1005 arg1 decomposition 1007:1019 The initial decomposition 995:1019 The initial decomposition of APS 995:1026 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 7 3 theme loss 1071:1074 arg1 rate 1076:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate 1051:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate of APS 1051:1086 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 2 4 from arabinose 372:380 arg1 ratio 438:442 the molar ratio 428:442 the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 428:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 2 5 from rhamnose 383:390 arg1 ratio 438:442 the molar ratio 428:442 the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 428:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 4 6 theme -β-d-Galp- 722:731 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 3 7 theme Fourier 558:564 arg1 spectroscopy 585:596 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 558:596 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 558:596 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 1 8 theme antitumor 210:218 arg1 activity 220:227 antitumor activity 210:227 antitumor activity 210:227 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 9 from activity 220:227 arg1 multiflorum 278:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 4 10 dep showed 651:656 arg1 composed 673:680 composed 673:680 showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone 651:810 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 0 11 from multiflorum 107:117 arg1 polysaccharide 77:90 an acidic polysaccharide 67:90 an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 67:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 0 11 from multiflorum 107:117 arg1 property 55:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property 0:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 0:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 2 12 dep showed 345:350 arg1 composed 360:367 composed 360:367 showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 345:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 7 13 theme activity 1119:1126 arg1 assay 1128:1132 Antioxidant activity assay 1107:1132 Antioxidant activity assay 1107:1132 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 4 14 from backbone 803:810 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 4 14 from backbone 803:810 arg1 residues 689:696 the residues 685:696 the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone 685:810 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 0 15 theme physicochemical 12:26 arg1 property 55:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property 0:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 0:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 1 16 theme structural 139:148 arg1 characterization 150:165 structural characterization 139:165 structural characterization 139:165 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 3 17 from 1645 537:540 arg1 bands 522:526 the bands 518:526 the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 518:596 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 0 18 theme acidic 70:75 arg1 polysaccharide 77:90 an acidic polysaccharide 67:90 an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 67:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 1 19 from characterization 150:165 arg1 multiflorum 278:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 5 20 theme terminal 830:837 arg1 α-l-Araf- 839:847 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf- 813:847 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ 813:850 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 9 21 dep suggested 1363:1371 arg1 agent 1424:1428 a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent 1386:1428 a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent 1386:1428 Our results suggested APS could be a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent. 28034823 4 22 theme 1→ 733:734 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 3 23 theme acid 491:494 arg1 presence 472:479 The presence 468:479 The presence of uronic acid 468:494 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 8 24 theme 400μg/mL 1230:1237 arg1 concentration 1213:1225 the concentration 1209:1225 the concentration of 400μg/mL 1209:1237 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 1 25 dep characterization 150:165 arg1 the 135:137 the 135:137 the 135:137 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 0 26 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 property 55:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property 0:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 0:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 7 27 dep showed 1134:1139 arg1 % 1193:1193 67.5% 1189:1193 67.5% 1189:1193 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 6 28 theme flaky 962:966 arg1 shapes 968:973 rod-like and flaky shapes 949:973 rod-like and flaky shapes 949:973 Besides, APS exhibited rod-like and flaky shapes with rough surface. 28034823 2 29 theme 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 447:465 arg1 ratio 438:442 the molar ratio 428:442 the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 428:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 3 30 theme uronic 484:489 arg1 acid 491:494 uronic acid 484:494 uronic acid 484:494 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 7 31 theme rapidest 1055:1062 arg1 rate 1076:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate 1051:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate of APS 1051:1086 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 6 32 theme rod-like 949:956 arg1 shapes 968:973 rod-like and flaky shapes 949:973 rod-like and flaky shapes 949:973 Besides, APS exhibited rod-like and flaky shapes with rough surface. 28034823 8 33 theme APS 1276:1278 arg1 % 1323:1323 65.28% 1318:1323 65.28% 1318:1323 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 8 33 theme APS 1276:1278 arg1 activities 1262:1271 the antiproliferation activities 1240:1271 the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells 1240:1311 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 0 34 theme antioxidant 29:39 arg1 property 55:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property 0:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 0:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 0 35 theme antitumor 45:53 arg1 property 55:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property 0:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 0:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 2 36 from acid 420:423 arg1 ratio 438:442 the molar ratio 428:442 the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 428:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 8 37 theme BGC-823 1299:1305 arg1 cells 1307:1311 BGC-823 cells 1299:1311 BGC-823 cells 1299:1311 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 5 38 theme -β-d-Galp- 902:911 arg1 residues 916:923 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 897:923 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 897:923 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 7 39 theme scavenging 1158:1167 arg1 activity 1169:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity 1141:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS 1141:1183 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 4 40 theme magnetic 623:630 arg1 resonance 632:640 nuclear magnetic resonance 615:640 nuclear magnetic resonance 615:640 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 1 41 theme polysaccharide 242:255 arg1 activity 220:227 antitumor activity 210:227 antitumor activity 210:227 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 41 theme polysaccharide 242:255 arg1 antioxidant 194:204 antioxidant 194:204 antioxidant 194:204 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 41 theme polysaccharide 242:255 arg1 characterization 150:165 structural characterization 139:165 structural characterization 139:165 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 41 theme polysaccharide 242:255 arg1 property 184:191 physicochemical property 168:191 physicochemical property 168:191 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 5 42 theme 1→ 913:914 arg1 residues 916:923 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 897:923 →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 897:923 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 7 43 dep 320°C. 1100:1105 arg1 showed 1134:1139 showed 1134:1139 showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL 1134:1203 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 7 44 theme APS 1024:1026 arg1 decomposition 1007:1019 The initial decomposition 995:1019 The initial decomposition of APS 995:1026 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 3 45 from 1740 531:534 arg1 bands 522:526 the bands 518:526 the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 518:596 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 3 45 from 1740 531:534 arg1 spectroscopy 585:596 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 558:596 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 558:596 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 4 46 from residues 689:696 arg1 backbone 803:810 the backbone 799:810 the backbone 799:810 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 1 47 theme physicochemical 168:182 arg1 property 184:191 physicochemical property 168:191 physicochemical property 168:191 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 48 from multiflorum 278:288 arg1 antioxidant 194:204 antioxidant 194:204 antioxidant 194:204 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 48 from multiflorum 278:288 arg1 polysaccharide 242:255 an acidic polysaccharide 232:255 an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum 232:288 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 48 from multiflorum 278:288 arg1 characterization 150:165 structural characterization 139:165 structural characterization 139:165 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 48 from multiflorum 278:288 arg1 activity 220:227 antitumor activity 210:227 antitumor activity 210:227 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 48 from multiflorum 278:288 arg1 APS 258:260 APS 258:260 APS 258:260 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 48 from multiflorum 278:288 arg1 property 184:191 physicochemical property 168:191 physicochemical property 168:191 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 3 49 theme transform-infrared 566:583 arg1 spectroscopy 585:596 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 558:596 Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 558:596 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 4 50 theme -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 4 50 theme -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 arg1 residues 689:696 the residues 685:696 the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone 685:810 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 2 51 theme composition 324:334 arg1 analysis 336:343 Monosaccharide composition analysis 309:343 Monosaccharide composition analysis 309:343 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 9 52 theme potential 1388:1396 arg1 agent 1424:1428 a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent 1386:1428 a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent 1386:1428 Our results suggested APS could be a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent. 28034823 5 53 attach attached 865:872 arg1 position 885:892 the O-6 position 877:892 the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 877:923 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 5 53 attach attached 865:872 arg2 α-l-Araf- 839:847 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf- 813:847 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ 813:850 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 7 54 theme Antioxidant 1107:1117 arg1 assay 1128:1132 Antioxidant activity assay 1107:1132 Antioxidant activity assay 1107:1132 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 3 55 from 1425cm-1 546:553 arg1 bands 522:526 the bands 518:526 the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy 518:596 The presence of uronic acid was also confirmed by the bands at 1740, 1645 and 1425cm-1 on Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. 28034823 1 56 from antioxidant 194:204 arg1 multiflorum 278:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 0 57 theme polysaccharide 77:90 arg1 property 55:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property 0:62 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum 0:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 1 58 from property 184:191 arg1 multiflorum 278:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 Polygonum multiflorum 268:288 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 5 59 theme non-reducing 817:828 arg1 α-l-Araf- 839:847 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf- 813:847 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ 813:850 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 4 60 theme -α-l-Araf- 704:713 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 7 61 theme APS 1084:1086 arg1 rate 1076:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate 1051:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate of APS 1051:1086 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 5 62 theme O-6 881:883 arg1 position 885:892 the O-6 position 877:892 the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 877:923 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 2 63 theme Monosaccharide 309:322 arg1 analysis 336:343 Monosaccharide composition analysis 309:343 Monosaccharide composition analysis 309:343 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 0 64 from property 55:62 arg1 multiflorum 107:117 Polygonum multiflorum 97:117 Polygonum multiflorum 97:117 Structural, physicochemical, antioxidant and antitumor property of an acidic polysaccharide from Polygonum multiflorum. 28034823 4 65 from -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 arg1 backbone 803:810 the backbone 799:810 the backbone 799:810 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 9 66 theme antitumor 1414:1422 arg1 agent 1424:1428 a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent 1386:1428 a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent 1386:1428 Our results suggested APS could be a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent. 28034823 6 67 theme rough 980:984 arg1 surface 986:992 rough surface 980:992 rough surface 980:992 Besides, APS exhibited rod-like and flaky shapes with rough surface. 28034823 4 68 theme -β-d-Galp- 742:751 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 2 69 theme galacturonic 407:418 arg1 acid 420:423 galacturonic acid 407:423 galacturonic acid 407:423 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 7 70 theme weight 1064:1069 arg1 rate 1076:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate 1051:1079 the rapidest weight loss rate of APS 1051:1086 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 9 71 dep potential 1388:1396 arg1 antioxidant 1398:1408 antioxidant 1398:1408 antioxidant 1398:1408 Our results suggested APS could be a potential antioxidant and antitumor agent. 28034823 5 72 dep α-l-Araf- 839:847 arg1 1→ 849:850 1→ 849:850 1→ 849:850 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 8 73 theme antiproliferation 1244:1260 arg1 % 1323:1323 65.28% 1318:1323 65.28% 1318:1323 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 8 73 theme antiproliferation 1244:1260 arg1 activities 1262:1271 the antiproliferation activities 1240:1271 the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells 1240:1311 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 2 74 theme molar 432:436 arg1 ratio 438:442 the molar ratio 428:442 the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 428:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 5 75 theme residues 916:923 arg1 position 885:892 the O-6 position 877:892 the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues 877:923 The non-reducing terminal α-l-Araf-(1→ was probably attached to the O-6 position of →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ residues. 28034823 7 76 theme APS 1181:1183 arg1 activity 1169:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity 1141:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS 1141:1183 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 4 77 theme -α-d-GalAp- 760:770 arg1 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 2 78 from galactose 393:401 arg1 ratio 438:442 the molar ratio 428:442 the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00 428:465 Monosaccharide composition analysis showed APS was composed of arabinose, rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 1.23:1.32:1.48:1.00. 28034823 7 79 theme radical 1150:1156 arg1 activity 1169:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity 1141:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS 1141:1183 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 4 80 theme resonance 632:640 arg1 analyses 642:649 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 599:649 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses 599:649 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 7 81 theme DPPH 1145:1148 arg1 activity 1169:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity 1141:1176 the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS 1141:1183 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 8 82 from concentration 1213:1225 arg1 % 1323:1323 65.28% 1318:1323 65.28% 1318:1323 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 8 82 from concentration 1213:1225 arg1 % 1334:1334 51.57% 1329:1334 51.57% 1329:1334 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 8 82 from concentration 1213:1225 arg1 activities 1262:1271 the antiproliferation activities 1240:1271 the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells 1240:1311 At the concentration of 400μg/mL, the antiproliferation activities of APS against HepG-2 and BGC-823 cells were 65.28% and 51.57%, respectively. 28034823 1 83 theme acidic 235:240 arg1 polysaccharide 242:255 an acidic polysaccharide 232:255 an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum 232:288 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 1 83 theme acidic 235:240 arg1 APS 258:260 APS 258:260 APS 258:260 In this study, the structural characterization, physicochemical property, antioxidant and antitumor activity of an acidic polysaccharide (APS) from Polygonum multiflorum were investigated. 28034823 7 84 from 1mg/mL 1198:1203 arg1 % 1193:1193 67.5% 1189:1193 67.5% 1189:1193 The initial decomposition of APS occurred at 172°C, and the rapidest weight loss rate of APS appeared at 320°C. Antioxidant activity assay showed the DPPH radical scavenging activity of APS was 67.5% at 1mg/mL. 28034823 4 85 dep -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 arg1 →2 779:780 →2 779:780 →2 779:780 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 4 85 dep -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 arg1 1→ 772:773 1→ 772:773 1→ 772:773 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 28034823 4 85 dep -α-l-Rhap- 782:791 arg1 →3,6 737:740 →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ 701:794 →3,6 737:740 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed APS was mainly composed by the residues of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalAp-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ in the backbone. 25263880 0 0 theme diet-induced 69:80 arg1 obesity 82:88 high fat diet-induced obesity 60:88 high fat diet-induced obesity 60:88 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 0 1 theme fat 65:67 arg1 obesity 82:88 high fat diet-induced obesity 60:88 high fat diet-induced obesity 60:88 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 2 2 from calorimetry 320:330 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 1 3 theme water-soluble 141:153 arg1 polysaccharide 155:168 a water-soluble polysaccharide 139:168 a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus 139:204 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 1 3 theme water-soluble 141:153 arg1 MDG-1 132:136 MDG-1 132:136 MDG-1 132:136 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 5 4 theme related 962:968 arg1 genes 956:960 genes 956:960 genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver 956:1012 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 2 5 theme MDG-1 289:293 arg1 impact 279:284 the impact 275:284 the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice 275:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 6 from weight 303:308 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 4 7 theme oxygen 697:702 arg1 consumption 704:714 oxygen consumption 697:714 oxygen consumption 697:714 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 3 8 theme fat 486:488 arg1 diet 490:493 a high fat diet 479:493 a high fat diet 479:493 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet were given either vehicle or vehicle plus MDG-1 at 300 mg per body weight for 16-weeks. 25263880 0 9 theme energy 104:109 arg1 expenditure 111:121 energy expenditure 104:121 energy expenditure in mice 104:129 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 0 10 from japonicus 40:48 arg1 MDG-1 0:4 MDG-1 0:4 MDG-1 0:4 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 0 10 from japonicus 40:48 arg1 polysaccharide 9:22 a polysaccharide 7:22 a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus 7:48 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 6 11 theme candidate 1036:1044 arg1 drug 1046:1049 a promising candidate drug 1024:1049 a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases 1024:1093 MDG-1 is a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases. 25263880 6 11 theme candidate 1036:1044 arg1 MDG-1 1015:1019 MDG-1 1015:1019 MDG-1 1015:1019 MDG-1 is a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases. 25263880 4 12 theme energy 720:725 arg1 expenditure 727:737 energy expenditure 720:737 energy expenditure 720:737 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 2 13 theme mitochondrial 398:410 arg1 activity 412:419 obesity-related mitochondrial activity 382:419 obesity-related mitochondrial activity 382:419 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 14 theme obesity-related 382:396 arg1 activity 412:419 obesity-related mitochondrial activity 382:419 obesity-related mitochondrial activity 382:419 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 15 from composition 338:348 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 5 16 theme hepatic 896:902 arg1 accumulation 910:921 hepatic lipid accumulation 896:921 hepatic lipid accumulation 896:921 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 3 17 theme body 557:560 arg1 weight 562:567 body weight 557:567 body weight for 16-weeks 557:580 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet were given either vehicle or vehicle plus MDG-1 at 300 mg per body weight for 16-weeks. 25263880 5 18 from metabolism 990:999 arg1 liver 1008:1012 the liver 1004:1012 the liver 1004:1012 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 1 19 theme Ophiopogon 185:194 arg1 japonicus 196:204 Ophiopogon japonicus 185:204 Ophiopogon japonicus 185:204 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 6 20 theme promising 1026:1034 arg1 drug 1046:1049 a promising candidate drug 1024:1049 a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases 1024:1093 MDG-1 is a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases. 25263880 6 20 theme promising 1026:1034 arg1 MDG-1 1015:1019 MDG-1 1015:1019 MDG-1 1015:1019 MDG-1 is a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases. 25263880 2 21 theme body 298:301 arg1 weight 303:308 body weight 298:308 body weight 298:308 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 22 theme obese 437:441 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 4 23 theme obese 669:673 arg1 animals 675:681 the obese animals 665:681 the obese animals 665:681 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 5 24 theme lipid 904:908 arg1 accumulation 910:921 hepatic lipid accumulation 896:921 hepatic lipid accumulation 896:921 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 4 25 theme tissue 633:638 arg1 mass 640:643 adipose tissue mass 625:643 adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) 625:660 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 2 26 theme diet-induced 424:435 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 0 27 theme Ophiopogon 29:38 arg1 japonicus 40:48 Ophiopogon japonicus 29:48 Ophiopogon japonicus 29:48 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 5 28 theme plasma 836:841 arg1 profiles 849:856 plasma lipid profiles 836:856 plasma lipid profiles 836:856 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 4 29 theme adipose 625:631 arg1 mass 640:643 adipose tissue mass 625:643 adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) 625:660 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 3 30 theme Obese 449:453 arg1 mice 463:466 Obese C57BL/6 mice 449:466 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet 449:493 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet were given either vehicle or vehicle plus MDG-1 at 300 mg per body weight for 16-weeks. 25263880 4 31 theme weight 602:607 arg1 loss 609:612 weight loss 602:612 weight loss 602:612 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 1 32 theme potent 211:216 arg1 effects 250:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 5 33 theme lipid 843:847 arg1 profiles 849:856 plasma lipid profiles 836:856 plasma lipid profiles 836:856 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 2 34 from indices 370:376 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 35 theme body 333:336 arg1 composition 338:348 body composition 333:348 body composition 333:348 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 4 36 theme physical 781:788 arg1 activity 790:797 physical activity 781:797 physical activity 781:797 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 2 37 from impact 279:284 arg1 composition 338:348 body composition 333:348 body composition 333:348 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 37 from impact 279:284 arg1 indices 370:376 plasma biochemical indices 351:376 plasma biochemical indices 351:376 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 37 from impact 279:284 arg1 weight 303:308 body weight 298:308 body weight 298:308 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 37 from impact 279:284 arg1 calorimetry 320:330 indirect calorimetry 311:330 indirect calorimetry 311:330 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 37 from impact 279:284 arg1 activity 412:419 obesity-related mitochondrial activity 382:419 obesity-related mitochondrial activity 382:419 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 5 38 theme lipid 973:977 arg1 metabolism 990:999 lipid and energy metabolism 973:999 metabolism 990:999 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 1 39 contain has 207:209 arg1 polysaccharide 155:168 a water-soluble polysaccharide 139:168 a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus 139:204 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 1 39 contain has 207:209 arg2 effects 250:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 1 39 contain has 207:209 arg1 MDG-1 132:136 MDG-1 132:136 MDG-1 132:136 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 5 40 theme genes 956:960 arg1 expressions 941:951 the expressions 937:951 the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver 937:1012 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 5 41 theme energy 983:988 arg1 metabolism 990:999 lipid and energy metabolism 973:999 metabolism 990:999 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 3 42 theme high 481:484 arg1 diet 490:493 a high fat diet 479:493 a high fat diet 479:493 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet were given either vehicle or vehicle plus MDG-1 at 300 mg per body weight for 16-weeks. 25263880 6 43 theme metabolic 1076:1084 arg1 diseases 1086:1093 obesity-related metabolic diseases 1060:1093 obesity-related metabolic diseases 1060:1093 MDG-1 is a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases. 25263880 1 44 theme hypoglycemic 218:229 arg1 effects 250:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 5 45 theme leptin 868:873 arg1 secretion 875:883 leptin secretion 868:883 leptin secretion 868:883 In addition, MDG-1 could ameliorate plasma lipid profiles, decrease leptin secretion, attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and increased the expressions of genes related to lipid and energy metabolism in the liver. 25263880 4 46 dep 50 657:658 arg1 to 652:653 to 652:653 to 652:653 MDG-1 could evoked weight loss and reduce adipose tissue mass (by up to ∼ 50%) in the obese animals by increasing oxygen consumption and energy expenditure without inhibiting appetite or increasing physical activity. 25263880 2 47 theme indirect 311:318 arg1 calorimetry 320:330 indirect calorimetry 311:330 indirect calorimetry 311:330 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 0 48 theme high 60:63 arg1 obesity 82:88 high fat diet-induced obesity 60:88 high fat diet-induced obesity 60:88 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 2 49 from activity 412:419 arg1 mice 443:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 diet-induced obese mice 424:446 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 2 50 theme biochemical 358:368 arg1 indices 370:376 plasma biochemical indices 351:376 plasma biochemical indices 351:376 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 3 51 theme C57BL/6 455:461 arg1 mice 463:466 Obese C57BL/6 mice 449:466 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet 449:493 Obese C57BL/6 mice induced by a high fat diet were given either vehicle or vehicle plus MDG-1 at 300 mg per body weight for 16-weeks. 25263880 1 52 theme weight 235:240 arg1 control 242:248 weight control 235:248 weight control 235:248 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25263880 6 53 theme obesity-related 1060:1074 arg1 diseases 1086:1093 obesity-related metabolic diseases 1060:1093 obesity-related metabolic diseases 1060:1093 MDG-1 is a promising candidate drug to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases. 25263880 0 54 from expenditure 111:121 arg1 mice 126:129 mice 126:129 mice 126:129 MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus, prevents high fat diet-induced obesity and increases energy expenditure in mice. 25263880 2 55 theme plasma 351:356 arg1 indices 370:376 plasma biochemical indices 351:376 plasma biochemical indices 351:376 We investigated the impact of MDG-1 on body weight, indirect calorimetry, body composition, plasma biochemical indices and obesity-related mitochondrial activity in diet-induced obese mice. 25263880 1 56 theme control 242:248 arg1 effects 250:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects 211:256 MDG-1, a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has potent hypoglycemic and weight control effects. 25656557 7 0 theme concentration 1550:1562 arg1 range 1525:1529 a range 1523:1529 a range of increasing salt concentration 1523:1562 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 8 1 theme viscosity 1759:1767 arg1 response 1769:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response 1716:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems 1716:1800 This change is seen to lead to a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems. 25656557 1 2 theme products 281:288 arg1 industries 290:299 the forest products industries 270:299 the forest products industries 270:299 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 7 3 theme increasing 1534:1543 arg1 concentration 1550:1562 increasing salt concentration 1534:1562 increasing salt concentration 1534:1562 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 4 4 theme rheological 876:886 arg1 properties 888:897 polymeric rheological properties 866:897 polymeric rheological properties 866:897 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 7 5 theme CaBER 1490:1494 arg1 rheometer 1508:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 3 6 theme extensional 580:590 arg1 viscosity 592:600 extensional viscosity 580:600 extensional viscosity 580:600 Traditionally, colloidal mineral pigment suspensions have been considered to show little to no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity. 25656557 6 7 theme calcium 1215:1221 arg1 carbonate 1223:1231 calcium carbonate 1215:1231 calcium carbonate 1215:1231 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 0 8 with mixtures 90:97 arg1 nanofibrils 114:124 nanofibrils 114:124 nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression 114:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 0 8 with mixtures 90:97 arg1 micro 104:108 micro 104:108 micro 104:108 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 1 9 theme pigment 193:199 arg1 Suspensions 170:180 Suspensions 170:180 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives 170:235 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 1 9 theme pigment 193:199 arg1 materials 241:249 materials 241:249 materials regularly found in the forest products industries 241:299 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 6 10 theme feed 1269:1272 arg1 source 1280:1285 the feed fibre source 1265:1285 the feed fibre source processing 1265:1296 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 7 11 theme Hencky 1471:1476 arg1 strain 1478:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain 1438:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1438:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 9 12 dep established 1834:1844 arg1 complex 1852:1858 complex 1852:1858 complex 1852:1858 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 1 13 theme cellulose 205:213 arg1 Suspensions 170:180 Suspensions 170:180 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives 170:235 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 1 13 theme cellulose 205:213 arg1 materials 241:249 materials 241:249 materials regularly found in the forest products industries 241:299 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 7 14 theme extension 1443:1451 arg1 strain 1478:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain 1438:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1438:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 4 15 dep material 837:844 arg1 showing 858:864 showing 858:864 rather than showing polymeric rheological properties 846:897 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 6 16 theme fibre 1274:1278 arg1 source 1280:1285 the feed fibre source 1265:1285 the feed fibre source processing 1265:1296 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 0 17 theme double 144:149 arg1 suppression 157:167 progressive double layer suppression 132:167 progressive double layer suppression 132:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 1 18 from materials 241:249 arg1 paper 318:322 paper 318:322 paper 318:322 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 1 18 from materials 241:249 arg1 production 334:343 board production 328:343 board production 328:343 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 9 19 dep and 1991:1993 arg1 separated 2010:2018 separated 2010:2018 separated 2010:2018 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 7 20 theme double 1643:1648 arg1 layer 1650:1654 the classic DLVO double layer 1626:1654 the classic DLVO double layer 1626:1654 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 9 21 theme characteristic 1819:1832 arg1 suspensions 1866:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions 1808:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate 1808:1897 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 0 22 theme mineral 70:76 arg1 pigment 78:84 mineral pigment 70:84 mineral pigment 70:84 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 7 23 from rheometer 1508:1516 arg1 function 1426:1433 a function 1424:1433 a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1424:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 7 24 theme classic 1630:1636 arg1 layer 1650:1654 the classic DLVO double layer 1626:1654 the classic DLVO double layer 1626:1654 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 4 25 theme Cox-Merz 793:800 arg1 rule 802:805 the Cox-Merz rule 789:805 the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water 789:921 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 7 26 theme suspension 1370:1379 arg1 case 1320:1323 the simple case 1309:1323 the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1309:1379 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 3 27 theme colloidal 476:484 arg1 suspensions 502:512 colloidal mineral pigment suspensions 476:512 colloidal mineral pigment suspensions 476:512 Traditionally, colloidal mineral pigment suspensions have been considered to show little to no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity. 25656557 5 28 theme enhanced 1033:1040 arg1 properties 1061:1070 enhanced composite material properties 1033:1070 enhanced composite material properties 1033:1070 Such suspensions and their mixtures are currently intensively investigated to enable them to generate likely enhanced composite material properties. 25656557 6 29 theme strength 1145:1152 arg1 levels 1129:1134 increasing levels 1118:1134 increasing levels of ionic strength 1118:1152 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 9 30 theme calcium 1881:1887 arg1 carbonate 1889:1897 calcium carbonate 1881:1897 calcium carbonate 1881:1897 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 3 31 from behaviour 567:575 arg1 viscosity 592:600 extensional viscosity 580:600 extensional viscosity 580:600 Traditionally, colloidal mineral pigment suspensions have been considered to show little to no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity. 25656557 6 32 theme increasing 1118:1127 arg1 levels 1129:1134 increasing levels 1118:1134 increasing levels of ionic strength 1118:1152 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 3 33 theme pigment 494:500 arg1 suspensions 502:512 colloidal mineral pigment suspensions 476:512 colloidal mineral pigment suspensions 476:512 Traditionally, colloidal mineral pigment suspensions have been considered to show little to no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity. 25656557 6 34 dep either 1162:1167 arg1 solubility 1183:1192 the weak solubility 1174:1192 the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, 1174:1232 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 2 35 theme extensional 443:453 arg1 flow 455:458 extensional flow 443:458 extensional flow 443:458 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 7 36 theme calcium 1352:1358 arg1 suspension 1370:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 0 37 theme extensional 39:49 arg1 properties 56:65 extensional flow properties 39:65 extensional flow properties of mineral pigment 39:84 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 1 38 theme board 328:332 arg1 production 334:343 board production 328:343 board production 328:343 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 10 39 from origin 2089:2094 arg1 suspensions 2155:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 0 40 dep nanofibrils 26:36 arg1 mixtures 90:97 mixtures 90:97 mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression 90:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 0 40 dep nanofibrils 26:36 arg1 properties 56:65 extensional flow properties 39:65 extensional flow properties of mineral pigment 39:84 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 7 41 theme polyacrylate 1328:1339 arg1 suspension 1370:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 10 42 theme water-based 2143:2153 arg1 suspensions 2155:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 1 43 dep pigment 193:199 arg1 derivatives 225:235 fibrillar derivatives 215:235 fibrillar derivatives 215:235 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 2 44 theme Many 346:349 arg1 coating 398:404 coating 398:404 coating 398:404 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 2 44 theme Many 346:349 arg1 processes 365:373 Many manufacturing processes 346:373 Many manufacturing processes 346:373 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 2 44 theme Many 346:349 arg1 forming 386:392 forming 386:392 forming 386:392 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 5 45 theme material 1052:1059 arg1 properties 1061:1070 enhanced composite material properties 1033:1070 enhanced composite material properties 1033:1070 Such suspensions and their mixtures are currently intensively investigated to enable them to generate likely enhanced composite material properties. 25656557 6 46 theme weak 1178:1181 arg1 solubility 1183:1192 the weak solubility 1174:1192 the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, 1174:1232 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 10 47 theme important 2124:2132 arg1 suspensions 2155:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 4 48 theme particulate 825:835 arg1 material 837:844 particulate material 825:844 particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties 825:897 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 3 49 theme non-linear 556:565 arg1 behaviour 567:575 no non-linear behaviour 553:575 no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity 553:600 Traditionally, colloidal mineral pigment suspensions have been considered to show little to no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity. 25656557 8 50 theme double 1733:1738 arg1 response 1769:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response 1716:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems 1716:1800 This change is seen to lead to a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems. 25656557 7 51 theme salt 1545:1548 arg1 concentration 1550:1562 increasing salt concentration 1534:1562 increasing salt concentration 1534:1562 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 4 52 theme nanofibrillar 627:639 arg1 microfibrillar 660:673 microfibrillar 660:673 microfibrillar 660:673 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 4 52 theme nanofibrillar 627:639 arg1 cellulose 699:707 nanofibrillar cellulose 685:707 nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) 685:713 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 4 52 theme nanofibrillar 627:639 arg1 materials 641:649 nanofibrillar materials 627:649 nanofibrillar materials 627:649 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 8 53 theme bimodal 1741:1747 arg1 response 1769:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response 1716:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems 1716:1800 This change is seen to lead to a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems. 25656557 1 54 theme forest 274:279 arg1 industries 290:299 the forest products industries 270:299 the forest products industries 270:299 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 9 55 theme fibrils 1952:1958 arg1 effects 1941:1947 the effects 1937:1947 the effects of fibrils versus flocculation 1937:1978 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 0 56 with properties 56:65 arg1 nanofibrils 114:124 nanofibrils 114:124 nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression 114:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 0 56 with properties 56:65 arg1 micro 104:108 micro 104:108 micro 104:108 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 8 57 theme measured 1750:1757 arg1 response 1769:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response 1716:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems 1716:1800 This change is seen to lead to a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems. 25656557 4 58 theme polymeric 866:874 arg1 properties 888:897 polymeric rheological properties 866:897 polymeric rheological properties 866:897 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 7 59 theme extensional 1496:1506 arg1 rheometer 1508:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 9 60 theme flocculation 1967:1978 arg1 effects 1941:1947 the effects 1937:1947 the effects of fibrils versus flocculation 1937:1978 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 1 61 theme mineral 185:191 arg1 pigment 193:199 mineral pigment 185:199 mineral pigment 185:199 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 8 62 theme flocculated 1782:1792 arg1 systems 1794:1800 flocculated systems 1782:1800 flocculated systems 1782:1800 This change is seen to lead to a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems. 25656557 7 63 theme strain 1478:1483 arg1 function 1426:1433 a function 1424:1433 a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1424:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 0 64 theme progressive 132:142 arg1 suppression 157:167 progressive double layer suppression 132:167 progressive double layer suppression 132:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 1 65 theme fibrillar 215:223 arg1 derivatives 225:235 fibrillar derivatives 215:235 fibrillar derivatives 215:235 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 7 66 theme capillary-induced 1453:1469 arg1 strain 1478:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain 1438:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1438:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 4 67 theme nanofibrillar 685:697 arg1 NFC 710:712 NFC 710:712 NFC 710:712 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 4 67 theme nanofibrillar 685:697 arg1 cellulose 699:707 nanofibrillar cellulose 685:707 nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) 685:713 Additionally, recently, nanofibrillar materials, such as microfibrillar (MFC) and nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC), collectively termed MNFC, have been confirmed by their failure to follow the Cox-Merz rule to behave more as particulate material rather than showing polymeric rheological properties when dispersed in water. 25656557 0 68 theme layer 151:155 arg1 suppression 157:167 progressive double layer suppression 132:167 progressive double layer suppression 132:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 9 69 dep identified 1980:1989 arg1 and 1991:1993 and 1991:1993 and 1991:1993 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 7 70 theme post 1438:1441 arg1 strain 1478:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain 1438:1483 post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1438:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 7 71 from strain 1478:1483 arg1 rheometer 1508:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 3 72 theme mineral 486:492 arg1 suspensions 502:512 colloidal mineral pigment suspensions 476:512 colloidal mineral pigment suspensions 476:512 Traditionally, colloidal mineral pigment suspensions have been considered to show little to no non-linear behaviour in extensional viscosity. 25656557 9 73 dep separated 2010:2018 arg1 possible 2001:2008 possible 2001:2008 possible 2001:2008 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 5 74 theme Such 924:927 arg1 suspensions 929:939 Such suspensions 924:939 Such suspensions 924:939 Such suspensions and their mixtures are currently intensively investigated to enable them to generate likely enhanced composite material properties. 25656557 7 75 theme DLVO 1638:1641 arg1 layer 1650:1654 the classic DLVO double layer 1626:1654 the classic DLVO double layer 1626:1654 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 9 76 theme novel 1813:1817 arg1 suspensions 1866:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions 1808:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate 1808:1897 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 10 77 theme better 2061:2066 arg1 understanding 2068:2080 a better understanding 2059:2080 a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions 2059:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 0 78 theme pigment 78:84 arg1 mixtures 90:97 mixtures 90:97 mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression 90:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 0 78 theme pigment 78:84 arg1 properties 56:65 extensional flow properties 39:65 extensional flow properties of mineral pigment 39:84 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 9 79 theme established 1834:1844 arg1 suspensions 1866:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions 1808:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate 1808:1897 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 10 80 theme viscoelasticity 2099:2113 arg1 origin 2089:2094 the origin 2085:2094 the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions 2085:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 10 81 theme origin 2089:2094 arg1 understanding 2068:2080 a better understanding 2059:2080 a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions 2059:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 9 82 theme mixed 1860:1864 arg1 suspensions 1866:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions 1808:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate 1808:1897 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 2 83 theme flow 413:416 arg1 geometries 418:427 flow geometries 413:427 flow geometries incorporating extensional flow 413:458 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 0 84 theme colloidal 5:13 arg1 spheres 15:21 colloidal spheres 5:21 colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression 5:167 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 7 85 from function 1426:1433 arg1 rheometer 1508:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 a CaBER extensional rheometer 1488:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 6 86 theme ionic 1139:1143 arg1 strength 1145:1152 ionic strength 1139:1152 ionic strength 1139:1152 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 10 87 from suspensions 2155:2165 arg1 understanding 2068:2080 a better understanding 2059:2080 a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions 2059:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 10 88 from understanding 2068:2080 arg1 suspensions 2155:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 7 89 theme carbonate 1360:1368 arg1 suspension 1370:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 9 90 theme carbonate 1889:1897 arg1 suspensions 1866:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions 1808:1876 this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate 1808:1897 With this novel characteristic established, more complex mixed suspensions of calcium carbonate, clay and MNFC have been studied, and the effects of fibrils versus flocculation identified and where possible separated. 25656557 7 91 theme constriction 1602:1613 arg1 regime 1592:1597 the regime 1588:1597 the regime of constriction 1588:1613 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 7 92 theme stabilised 1341:1350 arg1 suspension 1370:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1328:1379 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 6 93 dep coming 1155:1160 arg1 either 1162:1167 either 1162:1167 either 1162:1167 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 6 93 dep coming 1155:1160 arg1 retained 1237:1244 retained 1237:1244 retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing 1237:1296 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 0 94 theme flow 51:54 arg1 properties 56:65 extensional flow properties 39:65 extensional flow properties of mineral pigment 39:84 From colloidal spheres to nanofibrils: extensional flow properties of mineral pigment and mixtures with micro and nanofibrils under progressive double layer suppression. 25656557 1 95 located found 261:265 arg2 Suspensions 170:180 Suspensions 170:180 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives 170:235 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 1 95 located found 261:265 arg1 industries 290:299 the forest products industries 270:299 the forest products industries 270:299 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 1 95 located found 261:265 arg2 materials 241:249 materials 241:249 materials regularly found in the forest products industries 241:299 Suspensions of mineral pigment and cellulose fibrillar derivatives are materials regularly found in the forest products industries, particularly in paper and board production. 25656557 6 96 theme pigments 1197:1204 arg1 solubility 1183:1192 the weak solubility 1174:1192 the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, 1174:1232 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 2 97 theme manufacturing 351:363 arg1 coating 398:404 coating 398:404 coating 398:404 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 2 97 theme manufacturing 351:363 arg1 processes 365:373 Many manufacturing processes 346:373 Many manufacturing processes 346:373 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 2 97 theme manufacturing 351:363 arg1 forming 386:392 forming 386:392 forming 386:392 Many manufacturing processes, including forming and coating employ flow geometries incorporating extensional flow. 25656557 5 98 theme composite 1042:1050 arg1 properties 1061:1070 enhanced composite material properties 1033:1070 enhanced composite material properties 1033:1070 Such suspensions and their mixtures are currently intensively investigated to enable them to generate likely enhanced composite material properties. 25656557 6 99 theme source 1280:1285 arg1 processing 1287:1296 the feed fibre source processing 1265:1296 the feed fibre source processing 1265:1296 The processes frequently involve exposure to increasing levels of ionic strength, coming either from the weak solubility of pigments, such as calcium carbonate, or retained salts arising from the feed fibre source processing. 25656557 7 100 theme simple 1313:1318 arg1 case 1320:1323 the simple case 1309:1323 the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension 1309:1379 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 25656557 10 101 theme emerging 2134:2141 arg1 suspensions 2155:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 these important emerging water-based suspensions 2118:2165 This technique is suggested to enable a better understanding of the origin of viscoelasticity in these important emerging water-based suspensions. 25656557 8 102 theme characteristic 1718:1731 arg1 response 1769:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response 1716:1776 a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems 1716:1800 This change is seen to lead to a characteristic double (bimodal) measured viscosity response for flocculated systems. 25656557 7 103 theme extensional 1399:1409 arg1 viscosity 1411:1419 the extensional viscosity 1395:1419 the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer 1395:1516 By taking the simple case of polyacrylate stabilised calcium carbonate suspension and comparing the extensional viscosity as a function of post extension capillary-induced Hencky strain on a CaBER extensional rheometer over a range of increasing salt concentration, it has been shown that the regime of constriction changes as the classic DLVO double layer is progressively suppressed. 24931723 5 0 theme polymer 931:937 arg1 microgels 939:947 cell-laden polymer microgels 920:947 cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 920:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 0 1 theme mechanical 88:97 arg1 properties 99:108 mechanical properties 88:108 mechanical properties 88:108 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer microgels with tunable compositions and mechanical properties. 24931723 1 2 theme spatiotemporal 165:178 arg1 interactions 180:191 complex, spatiotemporal interactions 156:191 interactions 180:191 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 1 3 theme rapid 347:351 arg1 pace 353:356 a rapid pace 345:356 a rapid pace 345:356 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 5 4 theme cell-laden 920:929 arg1 microgels 939:947 cell-laden polymer microgels 920:947 cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 920:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 5 from studies 1011:1017 arg1 fate 1066:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 1 6 theme interactions 180:191 arg1 nature 146:151 the nature 142:151 the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) 142:240 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 2 7 theme cell 505:508 arg1 encapsulation 510:522 cell encapsulation 505:522 cell encapsulation 505:522 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 5 8 from analysis 965:972 arg1 fate 1066:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 0 9 theme Microfluidic 0:11 arg1 generation 13:22 Microfluidic generation 0:22 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer 0:46 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer microgels with tunable compositions and mechanical properties. 24931723 5 10 from role 1026:1029 arg1 fate 1066:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 11 theme cell 1061:1064 arg1 fate 1066:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 12 theme tissue 975:980 arg1 engineering 982:992 tissue engineering 975:992 tissue engineering 975:992 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 2 13 theme microfluidic 373:384 arg1 generation 386:395 the microfluidic generation 369:395 the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 369:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 14 theme modules 455:461 arg1 generation 386:395 the microfluidic generation 369:395 the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 369:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 3 15 theme agarose 585:591 arg1 component 593:601 The agarose component 581:601 The agarose component of the microgels 581:618 The agarose component of the microgels gelled under reduced temperature, while gelatin modified with phenolic hydroxyl groups underwent peroxidase-catalyzed gelation. 24931723 5 16 from fate 1066:1069 arg1 studies 1011:1017 fundamental studies 999:1017 fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 999:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 16 from fate 1066:1069 arg1 analysis 965:972 single-cell analysis 953:972 single-cell analysis 953:972 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 16 from fate 1066:1069 arg1 engineering 982:992 tissue engineering 975:992 tissue engineering 975:992 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 17 theme libraries 907:915 arg1 generation 893:902 the generation 889:902 the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 889:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 0 18 theme composite 27:35 arg1 biopolymer 37:46 composite biopolymer 27:46 composite biopolymer 27:46 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer microgels with tunable compositions and mechanical properties. 24931723 5 19 theme local 1034:1038 arg1 microenvironments 1040:1056 local microenvironments 1034:1056 local microenvironments 1034:1056 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 2 20 theme cellular 553:560 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 20 theme cellular 553:560 arg1 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 particles 473:481 microgel particles 464:481 microgel particles 464:481 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 21 theme composite 420:428 arg1 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 22 theme agarose-gelatin 430:444 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 22 theme agarose-gelatin 430:444 arg1 particles 473:481 microgel particles 464:481 microgel particles 464:481 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 22 theme agarose-gelatin 430:444 arg1 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 1 23 theme particular 288:297 arg1 spectrum 299:306 a particular spectrum 286:306 a particular spectrum of properties 286:320 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 2 24 theme instructive 541:551 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 24 theme instructive 541:551 arg1 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 5 25 theme microgels 939:947 arg1 libraries 907:915 libraries 907:915 libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 907:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 1 26 theme extracellular 215:227 arg1 ECM 237:239 ECM 237:239 ECM 237:239 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 1 26 theme extracellular 215:227 arg1 matrix 229:234 the extracellular matrix 211:234 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 211:240 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 5 27 theme single-cell 953:963 arg1 analysis 965:972 single-cell analysis 953:972 single-cell analysis 953:972 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 0 28 theme biopolymer 37:46 arg1 generation 13:22 Microfluidic generation 0:22 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer 0:46 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer microgels with tunable compositions and mechanical properties. 24931723 2 29 theme hydrogel 446:453 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 29 theme hydrogel 446:453 arg1 particles 473:481 microgel particles 464:481 microgel particles 464:481 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 29 theme hydrogel 446:453 arg1 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 30 theme small 400:404 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 30 theme small 400:404 arg1 particles 473:481 microgel particles 464:481 microgel particles 464:481 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 30 theme small 400:404 arg1 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 0 31 theme tunable 63:69 arg1 compositions 71:82 tunable compositions 63:82 tunable compositions 63:82 Microfluidic generation of composite biopolymer microgels with tunable compositions and mechanical properties. 24931723 1 32 theme properties 311:320 arg1 spectrum 299:306 a particular spectrum 286:306 a particular spectrum of properties 286:320 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 2 33 theme microgel 464:471 arg1 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 33 theme microgel 464:471 arg1 particles 473:481 microgel particles 464:481 microgel particles 464:481 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 3 34 theme hydroxyl 691:698 arg1 groups 700:705 phenolic hydroxyl groups 682:705 phenolic hydroxyl groups 682:705 The agarose component of the microgels gelled under reduced temperature, while gelatin modified with phenolic hydroxyl groups underwent peroxidase-catalyzed gelation. 24931723 4 35 theme Microgel 748:755 arg1 composition 757:767 Microgel composition 748:767 Microgel composition 748:767 Microgel composition, structure, morphology, and rigidity were tuned in a high-throughput manner. 24931723 3 36 theme reduced 633:639 arg1 temperature 641:651 reduced temperature 633:651 reduced temperature 633:651 The agarose component of the microgels gelled under reduced temperature, while gelatin modified with phenolic hydroxyl groups underwent peroxidase-catalyzed gelation. 24931723 3 37 theme microgels 610:618 arg1 component 593:601 The agarose component 581:601 The agarose component of the microgels 581:618 The agarose component of the microgels gelled under reduced temperature, while gelatin modified with phenolic hydroxyl groups underwent peroxidase-catalyzed gelation. 24931723 2 38 dep small 400:404 arg1 monodisperse 407:418 monodisperse 407:418 monodisperse 407:418 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 39 used used 496:499 arg2 particles 473:481 microgel particles 464:481 microgel particles 464:481 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 39 used used 496:499 arg2 microenvironments 562:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 instructive cellular microenvironments 541:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 2 39 used used 496:499 arg2 modules 455:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules 400:461 small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments 400:578 We report the microfluidic generation of small, monodisperse composite agarose-gelatin hydrogel modules (microgel particles) that can be used for cell encapsulation and can serve as instructive cellular microenvironments. 24931723 5 40 theme fundamental 999:1009 arg1 studies 1011:1017 fundamental studies 999:1017 fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 999:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 1 41 theme nature 146:151 arg1 understanding 125:137 an understanding 122:137 an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) 122:240 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 4 42 theme high-throughput 822:836 arg1 manner 838:843 a high-throughput manner 820:843 a high-throughput manner 820:843 Microgel composition, structure, morphology, and rigidity were tuned in a high-throughput manner. 24931723 3 43 theme phenolic 682:689 arg1 groups 700:705 phenolic hydroxyl groups 682:705 phenolic hydroxyl groups 682:705 The agarose component of the microgels gelled under reduced temperature, while gelatin modified with phenolic hydroxyl groups underwent peroxidase-catalyzed gelation. 24931723 3 44 theme peroxidase-catalyzed 717:736 arg1 gelation 738:745 peroxidase-catalyzed gelation 717:745 peroxidase-catalyzed gelation 717:745 The agarose component of the microgels gelled under reduced temperature, while gelatin modified with phenolic hydroxyl groups underwent peroxidase-catalyzed gelation. 24931723 5 45 theme work 866:869 arg1 important 875:883 important 875:883 important 875:883 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 45 theme work 866:869 arg1 results 850:856 The results 846:856 The results of this work 846:869 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 46 from engineering 982:992 arg1 fate 1066:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 cell fate 1061:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 47 theme role 1026:1029 arg1 studies 1011:1017 fundamental studies 999:1017 fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 999:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 47 theme role 1026:1029 arg1 analysis 965:972 single-cell analysis 953:972 single-cell analysis 953:972 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 47 theme role 1026:1029 arg1 engineering 982:992 tissue engineering 975:992 tissue engineering 975:992 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 5 48 theme microenvironments 1040:1056 arg1 role 1026:1029 the role 1022:1029 the role of local microenvironments in cell fate 1022:1069 The results of this work are important for the generation of libraries of cell-laden polymer microgels for single-cell analysis, tissue engineering, and fundamental studies of the role of local microenvironments in cell fate. 24931723 1 49 theme complex 156:162 arg1 interactions 180:191 complex, spatiotemporal interactions 156:191 interactions 180:191 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 24931723 1 50 theme artificial 243:252 arg1 ECMs 254:257 artificial ECMs 243:257 artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties 243:320 To develop an understanding of the nature of complex, spatiotemporal interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), artificial ECMs formed from hydrogels with a particular spectrum of properties are being developed at a rapid pace. 27015021 3 0 theme treatment 559:567 arg1 phases 569:574 Three treatment phases 553:574 Three treatment phases 553:574 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 1 1 theme scale 266:270 arg1 installation 272:283 a pilot scale installation 258:283 a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure 258:447 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 2 2 theme twin-screw 532:541 arg1 extruder 543:550 a single twin-screw extruder 523:550 a single twin-screw extruder 523:550 The process combines thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single twin-screw extruder. 27015021 1 3 theme worldwide 362:370 arg1 availability 372:383 worldwide availability 362:383 worldwide availability 362:383 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 0 4 theme single 111:116 arg1 extruder 141:148 a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder 109:148 a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources 109:182 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 4 5 theme % 848:848 arg1 extraction 829:838 the initial extraction 817:838 the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin 817:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 5 6 theme matter 1009:1014 arg1 proportion 979:988 the proportion 975:988 the proportion of soluble organic matter 975:1014 The bioextrusion step induced the start of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the proportion of soluble organic matter. 27015021 3 7 theme alkaline 608:615 arg1 step 648:651 a neutralization step 631:651 a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment 631:724 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 3 7 theme alkaline 608:615 arg1 pretreatment 617:628 an alkaline pretreatment 605:628 an alkaline pretreatment 605:628 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 6 8 theme high 1058:1061 arg1 consistency 1063:1073 high consistency 1058:1073 high consistency (20%) 1058:1079 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 6 8 theme high 1058:1061 arg1 % 1078:1078 20% 1076:1078 20% 1076:1078 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 0 9 theme twin-screw 130:139 arg1 extruder 141:148 a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder 109:148 a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources 109:182 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 6 10 from consistency 1063:1073 arg1 Extension 1017:1025 Extension 1017:1025 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme 1017:1118 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 0 11 theme pilot-scale 118:128 arg1 extruder 141:148 a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder 109:148 a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources 109:182 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 2 12 theme single 525:530 arg1 extruder 543:550 a single twin-screw extruder 523:550 a single twin-screw extruder 523:550 The process combines thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single twin-screw extruder. 27015021 2 13 theme bio-catalytic 499:511 arg1 action 513:518 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 471:518 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 471:518 The process combines thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single twin-screw extruder. 27015021 4 14 theme initial 821:827 arg1 extraction 829:838 the initial extraction 817:838 the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin 817:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 15 theme wall 766:769 arg1 polymers 771:778 the wall polymers 762:778 the wall polymers 762:778 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 0 16 theme Suitability 0:10 arg1 assessment 12:21 Suitability assessment 0:21 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 0:183 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 3 17 theme neutralization 633:646 arg1 step 648:651 a neutralization step 631:651 a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment 631:724 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 3 17 theme neutralization 633:646 arg1 pretreatment 617:628 an alkaline pretreatment 605:628 an alkaline pretreatment 605:628 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 5 18 theme enzymatic 940:948 arg1 hydrolysis 950:959 enzymatic hydrolysis 940:959 enzymatic hydrolysis 940:959 The bioextrusion step induced the start of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the proportion of soluble organic matter. 27015021 2 19 theme thermo-mechano-chemical 471:493 arg1 action 513:518 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 471:518 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 471:518 The process combines thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single twin-screw extruder. 27015021 4 20 theme % 880:880 arg1 extraction 829:838 the initial extraction 817:838 the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin 817:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 6 21 theme new 1109:1111 arg1 enzyme 1113:1118 new enzyme 1109:1118 new enzyme 1109:1118 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 1 22 theme biomass 304:310 arg1 types 295:299 six types 291:299 six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure 291:447 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 23 theme chemical 405:412 arg1 composition 414:424 chemical composition 405:424 chemical composition 405:424 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 5 24 theme bioextrusion 901:912 arg1 step 914:917 The bioextrusion step 897:917 The bioextrusion step 897:917 The bioextrusion step induced the start of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the proportion of soluble organic matter. 27015021 0 25 theme process 39:45 arg1 assessment 12:21 Suitability assessment 0:21 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 0:183 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 6 26 theme saccharification 1030:1045 arg1 Extension 1017:1025 Extension 1017:1025 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme 1017:1118 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 0 27 theme different 158:166 arg1 sources 176:182 six different biomass sources 154:182 six different biomass sources 154:182 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 1 28 theme composition 414:424 arg1 differences 390:400 differences 390:400 differences 390:400 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 28 theme composition 414:424 arg1 accessibility 347:359 accessibility 347:359 accessibility 347:359 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 28 theme composition 414:424 arg1 availability 372:383 worldwide availability 362:383 worldwide availability 362:383 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 28 theme composition 414:424 arg1 sustainability 331:344 their sustainability 325:344 their sustainability 325:344 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 6 29 theme enzyme 1113:1118 arg1 addition 1097:1104 the addition 1093:1104 the addition of new enzyme 1093:1118 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 4 30 theme Alkaline 727:734 arg1 pretreatment 736:747 Alkaline pretreatment 727:747 Alkaline pretreatment 727:747 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 0 31 theme continuous 28:37 arg1 process 39:45 a continuous process 26:45 a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources 26:182 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 3 32 theme bioextrusion 703:714 arg1 treatment 716:724 a bioextrusion treatment 701:724 a bioextrusion treatment 701:724 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 1 33 from deconstruction 222:235 arg1 installation 272:283 a pilot scale installation 258:283 a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure 258:447 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 0 34 theme thermo-mechano-chemical 57:79 arg1 action 99:104 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 57:104 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 57:104 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 1 35 theme physical 430:437 arg1 structure 439:447 physical structure 430:447 physical structure 430:447 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 6 36 theme % 1155:1155 arg1 production 1136:1145 the production 1132:1145 the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose 1132:1180 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 6 37 theme glucose 1174:1180 arg1 % 1155:1155 39-84% 1150:1155 39-84% of the potential glucose 1150:1180 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 6 37 theme glucose 1174:1180 arg1 glucose 1174:1180 the potential glucose 1160:1180 the potential glucose 1160:1180 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 0 38 theme biomass 168:174 arg1 sources 176:182 six different biomass sources 154:182 six different biomass sources 154:182 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 1 39 theme structure 439:447 arg1 differences 390:400 differences 390:400 differences 390:400 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 39 theme structure 439:447 arg1 accessibility 347:359 accessibility 347:359 accessibility 347:359 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 39 theme structure 439:447 arg1 availability 372:383 worldwide availability 362:383 worldwide availability 362:383 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 1 39 theme structure 439:447 arg1 sustainability 331:344 their sustainability 325:344 their sustainability 325:344 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 4 40 theme lignin 889:894 arg1 % 848:848 18-54% 843:848 18-54% of the hemicelluloses 843:870 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 40 theme lignin 889:894 arg1 hemicelluloses 857:870 the hemicelluloses 853:870 the hemicelluloses 853:870 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 40 theme lignin 889:894 arg1 % 880:880 9-41% 876:880 9-41% of the lignin 876:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 40 theme lignin 889:894 arg1 lignin 889:894 the lignin 885:894 the lignin 885:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 6 41 theme potential 1164:1172 arg1 glucose 1174:1180 the potential glucose 1160:1180 the potential glucose 1160:1180 Extension of saccharification for 24h at high consistency (20%) and without the addition of new enzyme resulted in the production of 39-84% of the potential glucose. 27015021 5 42 theme soluble 993:999 arg1 matter 1009:1014 soluble organic matter 993:1014 soluble organic matter 993:1014 The bioextrusion step induced the start of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the proportion of soluble organic matter. 27015021 1 43 theme lignocellulose 240:253 arg1 deconstruction 222:235 the deconstruction 218:235 the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure 218:447 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 27015021 4 44 theme hemicelluloses 857:870 arg1 % 848:848 18-54% 843:848 18-54% of the hemicelluloses 843:870 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 44 theme hemicelluloses 857:870 arg1 hemicelluloses 857:870 the hemicelluloses 853:870 the hemicelluloses 853:870 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 44 theme hemicelluloses 857:870 arg1 % 880:880 9-41% 876:880 9-41% of the lignin 876:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 44 theme hemicelluloses 857:870 arg1 lignin 889:894 the lignin 885:894 the lignin 885:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 5 45 theme organic 1001:1007 arg1 matter 1009:1014 soluble organic matter 993:1014 soluble organic matter 993:1014 The bioextrusion step induced the start of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the proportion of soluble organic matter. 27015021 0 46 theme bio-catalytic 85:97 arg1 action 99:104 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 57:104 thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action 57:104 Suitability assessment of a continuous process combining thermo-mechano-chemical and bio-catalytic action in a single pilot-scale twin-screw extruder for six different biomass sources. 27015021 3 47 theme extraction-separation 669:689 arg1 phase 691:695 an extraction-separation phase 666:695 an extraction-separation phase 666:695 Three treatment phases were sequentially performed: an alkaline pretreatment, a neutralization step coupled with an extraction-separation phase and a bioextrusion treatment. 27015021 5 48 theme hydrolysis 950:959 arg1 start 931:935 the start 927:935 the start of enzymatic hydrolysis 927:959 The bioextrusion step induced the start of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the proportion of soluble organic matter. 27015021 4 49 theme 9-41 876:879 arg1 hemicelluloses 857:870 the hemicelluloses 853:870 the hemicelluloses 853:870 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 49 theme 9-41 876:879 arg1 % 880:880 9-41% 876:880 9-41% of the lignin 876:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 4 49 theme 9-41 876:879 arg1 lignin 889:894 the lignin 885:894 the lignin 885:894 Alkaline pretreatment destructured the wall polymers after just a few minutes and allowed the initial extraction of 18-54% of the hemicelluloses and 9-41% of the lignin. 27015021 1 50 theme pilot 260:264 arg1 installation 272:283 a pilot scale installation 258:283 a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure 258:447 A process has been validated for the deconstruction of lignocellulose on a pilot scale installation using six types of biomass selected for their sustainability, accessibility, worldwide availability, and differences of chemical composition and physical structure. 28646448 0 0 theme endotoxins 90:99 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus 0:69 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 0 0 theme endotoxins 90:99 arg1 process 115:121 effective process 105:121 effective process 105:121 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 0 0 theme endotoxins 90:99 arg1 identification 72:85 identification 72:85 identification of endotoxins 72:99 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 6 1 located detected 1092:1099 arg2 presence 1053:1060 the presence 1049:1060 the presence of these glycolipids 1049:1081 Furthermore, the presence of these glycolipids was also detected in the EPS batches produced by fermentation. 28646448 6 1 located detected 1092:1099 arg1 batches 1112:1118 the EPS batches 1104:1118 the EPS batches produced by fermentation 1104:1143 Furthermore, the presence of these glycolipids was also detected in the EPS batches produced by fermentation. 28646448 4 2 theme typical 723:729 arg1 architecture 735:746 the typical LPS architecture 719:746 the typical LPS architecture 719:746 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 4 3 theme Biochemical 614:624 arg1 analyses 639:646 Biochemical and chemical analyses 614:646 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes 614:694 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 7 4 theme chemical 1173:1180 arg1 detoxification 1182:1195 chemical detoxification 1173:1195 chemical detoxification 1173:1195 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods were evaluated to efficiently purify the EPS. 28646448 9 5 theme monosaccharide 1589:1602 arg1 composition 1604:1614 monosaccharide composition 1589:1614 monosaccharide composition 1589:1614 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 9 6 theme important 1541:1549 arg1 modification 1551:1562 any important modification 1537:1562 any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1537:1635 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 8 7 theme differential 1278:1289 arg1 solubility 1291:1300 a differential solubility 1276:1300 a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent 1276:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 0 8 theme effective 105:113 arg1 process 115:121 effective process 105:121 effective process 105:121 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 9 9 theme weight 1581:1586 arg1 modification 1551:1562 any important modification 1537:1562 any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1537:1635 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 7 10 theme Different 1146:1154 arg1 purification 1156:1167 Different purification 1146:1167 Different purification 1146:1167 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods were evaluated to efficiently purify the EPS. 28646448 9 11 theme composition 1604:1614 arg1 modification 1551:1562 any important modification 1537:1562 any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1537:1635 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 4 12 theme chemical 630:637 arg1 analyses 639:646 Biochemical and chemical analyses 614:646 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes 614:694 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 5 13 theme infernus 968:975 arg1 bacterium 977:985 A. infernus bacterium 965:985 A. infernus bacterium 965:985 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 7 14 theme purification 1156:1167 arg1 methods 1197:1203 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods 1146:1203 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods 1146:1203 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods were evaluated to efficiently purify the EPS. 28646448 4 15 theme 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic 754:789 arg1 Kdo 797:799 Kdo 797:799 Kdo 797:799 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 4 15 theme 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic 754:789 arg1 acid 791:794 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid 754:794 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo) 754:800 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 5 16 theme A. 965:966 arg1 bacterium 977:985 A. infernus bacterium 965:985 A. infernus bacterium 965:985 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 4 17 theme architecture 735:746 arg1 lack 711:714 the lack 707:714 the lack of the typical LPS architecture 707:746 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 8 18 from detergent 1341:1349 arg1 solubility 1291:1300 a differential solubility 1276:1300 a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent 1276:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 8 19 theme EPS 1305:1307 arg1 solubility 1291:1300 a differential solubility 1276:1300 a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent 1276:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 1 20 theme deep-sea 184:191 arg1 vents 206:210 deep-sea hydrothermal vents 184:210 deep-sea hydrothermal vents 184:210 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 9 21 theme endotoxin-free 1510:1523 arg1 EPS 1525:1527 endotoxin-free EPS 1510:1527 endotoxin-free EPS 1510:1527 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 5 22 theme peculiar 1014:1021 arg1 glycolipids 1023:1033 peculiar glycolipids 1014:1033 peculiar glycolipids 1014:1033 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 1 23 theme hydrothermal 193:204 arg1 vents 206:210 deep-sea hydrothermal vents 184:210 deep-sea hydrothermal vents 184:210 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 1 24 attach isolated 170:177 arg1 vents 206:210 deep-sea hydrothermal vents 184:210 deep-sea hydrothermal vents 184:210 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 1 24 attach isolated 170:177 arg2 bacterium 160:168 Alteromonas infernus bacterium 139:168 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents 139:210 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 2 25 theme new 326:328 arg1 source 330:335 a new source 324:335 a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule 324:370 This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. 28646448 2 26 theme pharmaceutical 403:416 arg1 applications 439:450 pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications 403:450 pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications 403:450 This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. 28646448 9 27 theme content 1629:1635 arg1 modification 1551:1562 any important modification 1537:1562 any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1537:1635 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 5 28 theme Gram-negative 893:905 arg1 bacteria 907:914 other Gram-negative bacteria 887:914 other Gram-negative bacteria 887:914 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 5 29 theme bacterium 977:985 arg1 membrane 953:960 the outer membrane 943:960 the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium 943:985 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 3 30 theme unusual 467:473 arg1 EPS 475:477 this unusual EPS 462:477 this unusual EPS 462:477 However, this unusual EPS is secreted by a Gram-negative bacterium and can be therefore contaminated by endotoxins, in particular the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 28646448 0 31 theme exopolysaccharide 20:36 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus 0:69 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 0 31 theme exopolysaccharide 20:36 arg1 process 115:121 effective process 105:121 effective process 105:121 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 0 31 theme exopolysaccharide 20:36 arg1 identification 72:85 identification 72:85 identification of endotoxins 72:99 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 8 32 theme highest 1362:1368 arg1 decrease 1370:1377 the highest decrease 1358:1377 the highest decrease in the endotoxin content 1358:1402 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 8 33 from decrease 1370:1377 arg1 content 1396:1402 the endotoxin content 1382:1402 the endotoxin content 1382:1402 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 8 34 theme glycolipids 1313:1323 arg1 solubility 1291:1300 a differential solubility 1276:1300 a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent 1276:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 3 35 theme Gram-negative 496:508 arg1 bacterium 510:518 a Gram-negative bacterium 494:518 a Gram-negative bacterium 494:518 However, this unusual EPS is secreted by a Gram-negative bacterium and can be therefore contaminated by endotoxins, in particular the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 28646448 4 36 theme LPS 731:733 arg1 architecture 735:746 the typical LPS architecture 719:746 the typical LPS architecture 719:746 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 8 37 theme deoxycholate 1328:1339 arg1 detergent 1341:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 4 38 theme infernus 677:684 arg1 membranes 686:694 A. infernus membranes 674:694 A. infernus membranes 674:694 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 2 39 theme biotechnological 422:437 arg1 applications 439:450 pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications 403:450 pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications 403:450 This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. 28646448 4 40 theme LPS 655:657 arg1 analyses 639:646 Biochemical and chemical analyses 614:646 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes 614:694 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 8 41 from EPS 1305:1307 arg1 detergent 1341:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 4 42 theme A. 674:675 arg1 membranes 686:694 A. infernus membranes 674:694 A. infernus membranes 674:694 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 7 43 theme detoxification 1182:1195 arg1 methods 1197:1203 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods 1146:1203 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods 1146:1203 Different purification and chemical detoxification methods were evaluated to efficiently purify the EPS. 28646448 6 44 theme glycolipids 1071:1081 arg1 presence 1053:1060 the presence 1049:1060 the presence of these glycolipids 1049:1081 Furthermore, the presence of these glycolipids was also detected in the EPS batches produced by fermentation. 28646448 9 45 theme effective 1479:1487 arg1 method 1489:1494 an effective method 1476:1494 an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content 1476:1635 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 2 46 theme molecule 363:370 arg1 source 330:335 a new source 324:335 a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule 324:370 This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. 28646448 0 47 theme Alteromonas 50:60 arg1 infernus 62:69 Alteromonas infernus 50:69 Alteromonas infernus 50:69 Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. 28646448 9 48 theme other 1424:1428 arg1 methods 1437:1443 the other tested methods 1420:1443 the other tested methods 1420:1443 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 8 49 from solubility 1291:1300 arg1 detergent 1341:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 2 50 theme glycosaminoglycan-like 340:361 arg1 molecule 363:370 glycosaminoglycan-like molecule 340:370 glycosaminoglycan-like molecule 340:370 This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. 28646448 9 51 theme tested 1430:1435 arg1 methods 1437:1443 the other tested methods 1420:1443 the other tested methods 1420:1443 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 3 52 dep particular 572:581 arg1 LPS 608:610 LPS 608:610 LPS 608:610 However, this unusual EPS is secreted by a Gram-negative bacterium and can be therefore contaminated by endotoxins, in particular the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 28646448 3 52 dep particular 572:581 arg1 lipopolysaccharides 587:605 the lipopolysaccharides 583:605 particular the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 572:611 However, this unusual EPS is secreted by a Gram-negative bacterium and can be therefore contaminated by endotoxins, in particular the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). 28646448 1 53 theme high 242:245 arg1 weight 257:262 a high molecular weight 240:262 a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785 240:299 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 9 54 theme sulfate 1621:1627 arg1 content 1629:1635 sulfate content 1621:1635 sulfate content 1621:1635 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 5 55 theme outer 947:951 arg1 membrane 953:960 the outer membrane 943:960 the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium 943:985 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 1 56 theme Alteromonas 139:149 arg1 bacterium 160:168 Alteromonas infernus bacterium 139:168 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents 139:210 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 8 57 theme endotoxin 1386:1394 arg1 content 1396:1402 the endotoxin content 1382:1402 the endotoxin content 1382:1402 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 1 58 theme molecular 247:255 arg1 weight 257:262 a high molecular weight 240:262 a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785 240:299 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 5 59 theme other 887:891 arg1 bacteria 907:914 other Gram-negative bacteria 887:914 other Gram-negative bacteria 887:914 Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. 28646448 4 60 theme phosphorylated 827:840 arg1 monosaccharides 842:856 phosphorylated monosaccharides 827:856 phosphorylated monosaccharides 827:856 Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. 28646448 9 61 theme molecular 1571:1579 arg1 weight 1581:1586 its molecular weight 1567:1586 its molecular weight 1567:1586 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28646448 1 62 theme infernus 151:158 arg1 bacterium 160:168 Alteromonas infernus bacterium 139:168 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents 139:210 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 6 63 theme EPS 1108:1110 arg1 batches 1112:1118 the EPS batches 1104:1118 the EPS batches produced by fermentation 1104:1143 Furthermore, the presence of these glycolipids was also detected in the EPS batches produced by fermentation. 28646448 1 64 theme weight 257:262 arg1 EPS 283:285 EPS 283:285 EPS 283:285 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 1 64 theme weight 257:262 arg1 exopolysaccharide 264:280 a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide 240:280 a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785 240:299 Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. 28646448 8 65 from glycolipids 1313:1323 arg1 detergent 1341:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 deoxycholate detergent 1328:1349 Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. 28646448 2 66 theme great 383:387 arg1 potential 389:397 a great potential 381:397 a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications 381:450 This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. 28646448 9 67 theme new 1451:1453 arg1 protocol 1455:1462 this new protocol 1446:1462 this new protocol 1446:1462 In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content. 28993294 1 0 theme homogenous 147:156 arg1 PPLP 174:177 PPLP 174:177 PPLP 174:177 To optimize the use of Paris polyphylla resources, a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) was obtained from P. polyphylla leaves. 28993294 1 0 theme homogenous 147:156 arg1 polysaccharide 158:171 a homogenous polysaccharide 145:171 a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) 145:178 To optimize the use of Paris polyphylla resources, a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) was obtained from P. polyphylla leaves. 28993294 0 1 from elucidation 11:21 arg1 polyphylla 75:84 polyphylla 75:84 polyphylla 75:84 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 6 2 contain possessed 1032:1040 arg2 capacity 1059:1066 potent antiaging capacity 1042:1066 potent antiaging capacity 1042:1066 These results demonstrated that PPLP possessed potent antiaging capacity. 28993294 6 2 contain possessed 1032:1040 arg1 PPLP 1027:1030 PPLP 1027:1030 PPLP 1027:1030 These results demonstrated that PPLP possessed potent antiaging capacity. 28993294 3 3 theme PPLP 496:499 arg1 backbone 484:491 the backbone 480:491 the backbone of PPLP 480:499 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 4 4 theme mouse 735:739 arg1 model 747:751 a d-galactose induced mouse aging model 713:751 a d-galactose induced mouse aging model 713:751 In addition, the antiaging effect of PPLP was investigated in a d-galactose induced mouse aging model. 28993294 5 5 theme antioxidant 899:909 arg1 capacity 911:918 total antioxidant capacity 893:918 total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) 893:925 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 5 5 theme antioxidant 899:909 arg1 TAOC 921:924 TAOC 921:924 TAOC 921:924 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 5 6 theme antioxidant 869:879 arg1 enzymes 881:887 antioxidant enzymes 869:887 antioxidant enzymes 869:887 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 5 7 theme capacity 911:918 arg1 levels 859:864 the levels 855:864 the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) 855:925 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 4 8 theme antiaging 668:676 arg1 effect 678:683 the antiaging effect 664:683 the antiaging effect of PPLP 664:691 In addition, the antiaging effect of PPLP was investigated in a d-galactose induced mouse aging model. 28993294 4 9 theme induced 727:733 arg1 model 747:751 a d-galactose induced mouse aging model 713:751 a d-galactose induced mouse aging model 713:751 In addition, the antiaging effect of PPLP was investigated in a d-galactose induced mouse aging model. 28993294 3 10 theme nuclear 415:421 arg1 resonance 432:440 nuclear magnetic resonance 415:440 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 415:459 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 3 10 theme nuclear 415:421 arg1 NMR 443:445 NMR 443:445 NMR 443:445 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 3 11 theme resonance 432:440 arg1 spectroscopy 448:459 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 415:459 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 415:459 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 0 12 from activity 37:44 arg1 polyphylla 75:84 polyphylla 75:84 polyphylla 75:84 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 4 13 theme PPLP 688:691 arg1 effect 678:683 the antiaging effect 664:683 the antiaging effect of PPLP 664:691 In addition, the antiaging effect of PPLP was investigated in a d-galactose induced mouse aging model. 28993294 2 14 theme molar 375:379 arg1 ratio 381:385 a molar ratio 373:385 a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8 373:396 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 0 15 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 3 16 dep -linkages 640:648 arg1 1→3 636:638 1→3 636:638 1→3 636:638 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 2 17 theme composition 299:309 arg1 analysis 272:279 the analysis 268:279 the analysis of monosaccharide composition 268:309 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 2 17 theme composition 299:309 arg1 2.95×104Da 252:261 2.95×104Da 252:261 2.95×104Da 252:261 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 3 18 theme magnetic 423:430 arg1 resonance 432:440 nuclear magnetic resonance 415:440 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy 415:459 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 3 18 theme magnetic 423:430 arg1 NMR 443:445 NMR 443:445 NMR 443:445 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 0 19 theme antiaging 27:35 arg1 activity 37:44 antiaging activity 27:44 antiaging activity 27:44 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 2 20 theme monosaccharide 284:297 arg1 composition 299:309 monosaccharide composition 284:309 monosaccharide composition 284:309 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 3 21 theme spectroscopy 448:459 arg1 data 461:464 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data 399:464 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data 399:464 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 5 22 theme enzymes 881:887 arg1 levels 859:864 the levels 855:864 the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) 855:925 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 5 23 theme total 893:897 arg1 capacity 911:918 total antioxidant capacity 893:918 total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) 893:925 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 5 23 theme total 893:897 arg1 TAOC 921:924 TAOC 921:924 TAOC 921:924 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 4 24 dep induced 727:733 arg1 d-galactose 715:725 d-galactose 715:725 d-galactose 715:725 In addition, the antiaging effect of PPLP was investigated in a d-galactose induced mouse aging model. 28993294 3 25 theme Methylation 399:409 arg1 data 461:464 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data 399:464 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data 399:464 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 2 26 theme average 224:230 arg1 weight 241:246 Its average molecule weight 220:246 Its average molecule weight 220:246 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 5 27 theme malondialdehyde 799:813 arg1 formations 785:794 the formations 781:794 the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) 781:819 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 0 28 from polyphylla 75:84 arg1 polysaccharide 49:62 polysaccharide 49:62 polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla 49:84 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 0 28 from polyphylla 75:84 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 0 28 from polyphylla 75:84 arg1 activity 37:44 antiaging activity 27:44 antiaging activity 27:44 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 5 29 theme model 768:772 arg1 group 774:778 model group 768:778 model group 768:778 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 2 30 theme 4.2:5.8 390:396 arg1 ratio 381:385 a molar ratio 373:385 a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8 373:396 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 3 31 attach linked 612:617 arg3 -linkages 640:648 (1→3)-linkages 635:648 (1→3)-linkages 635:648 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 3 31 attach linked 612:617 arg2 residues 593:600 arabinosyl residues 582:600 arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages 582:648 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 3 31 attach linked 612:617 arg1 backbone 622:629 backbone 622:629 backbone 622:629 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 3 32 theme branched 546:553 arg1 chains 555:560 the branched chains 542:560 the branched chains 542:560 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 6 33 theme potent 1042:1047 arg1 capacity 1059:1066 potent antiaging capacity 1042:1066 potent antiaging capacity 1042:1066 These results demonstrated that PPLP possessed potent antiaging capacity. 28993294 0 34 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 0 34 theme polysaccharide 49:62 arg1 activity 37:44 antiaging activity 27:44 antiaging activity 27:44 Structural elucidation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla leaves. 28993294 1 35 theme Paris 117:121 arg1 resources 134:142 Paris polyphylla resources 117:142 Paris polyphylla resources 117:142 To optimize the use of Paris polyphylla resources, a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) was obtained from P. polyphylla leaves. 28993294 3 36 theme arabinosyl 582:591 arg1 residues 593:600 arabinosyl residues 582:600 arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages 582:648 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 5 37 theme PPLP 977:980 arg1 groups 987:992 PPLP dose groups 977:992 PPLP dose groups 977:992 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 4 38 theme aging 741:745 arg1 model 747:751 a d-galactose induced mouse aging model 713:751 a d-galactose induced mouse aging model 713:751 In addition, the antiaging effect of PPLP was investigated in a d-galactose induced mouse aging model. 28993294 1 39 theme polyphylla 123:132 arg1 resources 134:142 Paris polyphylla resources 117:142 Paris polyphylla resources 117:142 To optimize the use of Paris polyphylla resources, a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) was obtained from P. polyphylla leaves. 28993294 6 40 theme antiaging 1049:1057 arg1 capacity 1059:1066 potent antiaging capacity 1042:1066 potent antiaging capacity 1042:1066 These results demonstrated that PPLP possessed potent antiaging capacity. 28993294 5 41 theme dose 982:985 arg1 groups 987:992 PPLP dose groups 977:992 PPLP dose groups 977:992 Compared with model group, the formations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly prevented, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) were significantly improved in serum and liver in PPLP dose groups. 28993294 1 42 dep polyphylla 201:210 arg1 leaves 212:217 leaves 212:217 leaves 212:217 To optimize the use of Paris polyphylla resources, a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) was obtained from P. polyphylla leaves. 28993294 1 43 theme resources 134:142 arg1 use 110:112 the use 106:112 the use of Paris polyphylla resources 106:142 To optimize the use of Paris polyphylla resources, a homogenous polysaccharide (PPLP) was obtained from P. polyphylla leaves. 28993294 2 44 dep shown 311:315 arg1 analysis 272:279 the analysis 268:279 the analysis of monosaccharide composition 268:309 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 2 44 dep shown 311:315 arg1 2.95×104Da 252:261 2.95×104Da 252:261 2.95×104Da 252:261 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 28993294 3 45 dep -β-d-galactan 523:535 arg1 1→6 519:521 1→6 519:521 1→6 519:521 Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy data revealed that the backbone of PPLP was comprised of (1→6)-β-d-galactan, and the branched chains mainly consisted of arabinosyl residues which was linked to backbone via (1→3)-linkages. 28993294 2 46 theme molecule 232:239 arg1 weight 241:246 Its average molecule weight 220:246 Its average molecule weight 220:246 Its average molecule weight was 2.95×104Da, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition shown that PPLP consisted of l-arabinose and d-galactose with a molar ratio of 4.2:5.8. 26117874 7 0 from cm 1438:1439 arg1 peaks 1406:1410 the Raman peaks 1396:1410 the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) 1396:1443 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 7 0 from cm 1438:1439 arg1 bands 1464:1468 the important bands 1450:1468 the important bands 1450:1468 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 2 1 link cross-linked 317:328 arg1 structures 338:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 6 2 theme original 1253:1260 arg1 leaf 1267:1270 original rice leaf and rice leaf 1253:1284 leaf 1267:1270 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 2 3 theme network 330:336 arg1 structures 338:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 8 4 theme chemical 1597:1604 arg1 analysis 1614:1621 chemical imaging analysis 1597:1621 chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose 1597:1638 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 1 5 used used 183:186 arg2 pretreatment 117:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 1 5 used used 183:186 arg2 method 160:165 a convenient and effective method 133:165 a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion 133:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 6 6 theme characteristic 1230:1243 arg1 difference 1201:1210 a significant difference 1187:1210 a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH 1187:1303 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 6 7 theme samples 1128:1134 arg1 types 1119:1123 the two types 1111:1123 the two types of samples 1111:1134 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 9 8 theme dense 1809:1813 arg1 structure 1834:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure 1809:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1809:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 6 9 theme Raman 1215:1219 arg1 characteristic 1230:1243 Raman spectral characteristic 1215:1243 Raman spectral characteristic 1215:1243 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 3 10 theme rice 516:519 arg1 straw 521:525 rice straw 516:525 rice straw 516:525 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 5 11 from distribution 967:978 arg1 space 1017:1021 the first two principal component space 983:1021 the first two principal component space 983:1021 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 7 12 theme principal 1363:1371 arg1 components 1373:1382 the first two principal components 1349:1382 the first two principal components 1349:1382 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 9 13 theme uniformity 1823:1832 arg1 structure 1834:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure 1809:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1809:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 5 14 theme spectra 868:874 arg1 information 847:857 main information 842:857 main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99% 842:1069 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 7 15 theme first 1353:1357 arg1 components 1373:1382 the first two principal components 1349:1382 the first two principal components 1349:1382 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 10 16 theme rice 2047:2050 arg1 tissue 2058:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 4 17 with microscopy 736:745 arg1 resolution 773:782 micron-scale spatial resolution 752:782 micron-scale spatial resolution 752:782 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 5 18 theme cumulative 1040:1049 arg1 contribution 1051:1062 cumulative contribution 1040:1062 cumulative contribution of 99% 1040:1069 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 10 19 theme confocal 2068:2075 arg1 microscopy 2083:2092 confocal Raman microscopy 2068:2092 confocal Raman microscopy 2068:2092 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 6 20 theme significant 1189:1199 arg1 difference 1201:1210 a significant difference 1187:1210 a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH 1187:1303 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 4 21 theme original 628:635 arg1 straw 642:646 the original rice straw 624:646 the original rice straw 624:646 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 5 22 theme main 842:845 arg1 information 847:857 main information 842:857 main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99% 842:1069 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 7 23 theme loading 1330:1336 arg1 weights 1338:1344 the loading weights 1326:1344 the loading weights of the first two principal components 1326:1382 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 9 24 theme decreases 1864:1872 arg1 structure 1834:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure 1809:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1809:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 6 25 theme rice 1276:1279 arg1 leaf 1281:1284 original rice leaf and rice leaf 1253:1284 leaf 1281:1284 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 3 26 theme Raman 562:566 arg1 microscopy 568:577 confocal Raman microscopy 553:577 confocal Raman microscopy 553:577 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 10 27 theme promotion 2226:2234 arg1 mechanism 2236:2244 the promotion mechanism 2222:2244 the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production 2222:2319 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 2 28 dep biopolymers 278:288 arg1 compositions 290:301 compositions 290:301 compositions 290:301 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 3 29 theme straw 521:525 arg1 digestion 481:489 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 digestion 481:489 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 3 29 theme straw 521:525 arg1 production 502:511 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 production 502:511 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 8 30 theme Raman 1695:1699 arg1 peaks 1701:1705 these Raman peaks 1689:1705 these Raman peaks 1689:1705 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 10 31 from analysis 2127:2134 arg1 tissue 2164:2169 tissue 2164:2169 tissue 2164:2169 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 7 32 theme Further 1306:1312 arg1 analysis 1314:1321 Further analysis 1306:1321 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components 1306:1382 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 3 33 theme electron 596:603 arg1 microscope 605:614 transmission electron microscope 583:614 transmission electron microscope 583:614 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 10 34 theme pretreatment 2254:2265 arg1 mechanism 2236:2244 the promotion mechanism 2222:2244 the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production 2222:2319 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 0 35 from Effect 12:17 arg1 Digestion 55:63 Anaerobic Digestion 45:63 Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy 45:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 10 36 from ingredients 2149:2159 arg1 tissue 2164:2169 tissue 2164:2169 tissue 2164:2169 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 0 37 theme Rice 68:71 arg1 Straw 73:77 Rice Straw 68:77 Rice Straw 68:77 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 8 38 theme image 1723:1727 arg1 information 1729:1739 microscopic image information 1711:1739 microscopic image information 1711:1739 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 0 39 from [Studies 0:7 arg1 Effect 12:17 Effect 12:17 Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy 12:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 10 40 theme imaging 2119:2125 arg1 analysis 2127:2134 chemical imaging analysis 2110:2134 chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue 2110:2169 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 5 41 theme % 1069:1069 arg1 contribution 1051:1062 cumulative contribution 1040:1062 cumulative contribution of 99% 1040:1069 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 10 42 theme straw 2280:2284 arg1 fermentation 2286:2297 the rice straw fermentation and biogas production 2271:2319 fermentation 2286:2297 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 4 43 theme micron-scale 752:763 arg1 resolution 773:782 micron-scale spatial resolution 752:782 micron-scale spatial resolution 752:782 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 0 44 theme Raman 93:97 arg1 Microscopy 99:108 Confocal Raman Microscopy 84:108 Confocal Raman Microscopy 84:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 5 45 theme ray-like 958:965 arg1 distribution 967:978 ray-like distribution 958:978 ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99% 958:1069 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 2 46 theme cell 363:366 arg1 wall 368:371 rice straw cell wall 352:371 rice straw cell wall 352:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 5 47 theme component 800:808 arg1 analysis 810:817 Then principal component analysis 785:817 Then principal component analysis 785:817 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 7 48 theme lignin 1565:1570 arg1 scattering 1522:1531 the scattering 1518:1531 the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 1518:1570 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 4 49 theme confocal 721:728 arg1 microscopy 736:745 confocal Raman microscopy 721:745 confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution 721:782 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 7 50 theme cellulose 1551:1559 arg1 scattering 1522:1531 the scattering 1518:1531 the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 1518:1570 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 0 51 theme Alkali 22:27 arg1 Pretreatment 29:40 Alkali Pretreatment 22:40 Alkali Pretreatment 22:40 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 5 52 theme principal 997:1005 arg1 component 1007:1015 two principal component 993:1015 the first two principal component space 983:1021 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 2 53 theme cross-linked 317:328 arg1 structures 338:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 6 54 theme clear 1088:1092 arg1 boundary 1094:1101 a clear boundary 1086:1101 a clear boundary between the two types of samples 1086:1134 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 10 55 from hemicellulose 2008:2020 arg1 tissue 2058:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 3 56 theme alkali 448:453 arg1 pretreatment 455:466 alkali pretreatment 448:466 alkali pretreatment 448:466 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 1 57 theme straw 196:200 arg1 digestion 212:220 rice straw anaerobic digestion 191:220 rice straw anaerobic digestion 191:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 9 58 theme NaOH 1769:1772 arg1 pretreatment 1774:1785 the NaOH pretreatment 1765:1785 the NaOH pretreatment 1765:1785 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 8 59 theme hemicellulose 1626:1638 arg1 Following 1586:1594 Following 1586:1594 Following 1586:1594 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 8 59 theme hemicellulose 1626:1638 arg1 analysis 1614:1621 chemical imaging analysis 1597:1621 chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose 1597:1638 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 8 59 theme hemicellulose 1626:1638 arg1 cellulose 1641:1649 cellulose 1641:1649 cellulose 1641:1649 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 8 59 theme hemicellulose 1626:1638 arg1 lignin 1655:1660 lignin 1655:1660 lignin 1655:1660 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 3 60 theme biogas 495:500 arg1 production 502:511 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 production 502:511 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 5 61 theme first 987:991 arg1 space 1017:1021 the first two principal component space 983:1021 the first two principal component space 983:1021 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 6 62 theme rice 1262:1265 arg1 leaf 1267:1270 original rice leaf and rice leaf 1253:1284 leaf 1267:1270 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 2 63 theme structures 338:347 arg1 hydrolysis 264:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis 244:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall 244:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 2 64 theme NaOH 258:261 arg1 hydrolysis 264:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis 244:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall 244:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 7 65 theme Raman 1400:1404 arg1 peaks 1406:1410 the Raman peaks 1396:1410 the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) 1396:1443 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 7 65 theme Raman 1400:1404 arg1 bands 1464:1468 the important bands 1450:1468 the important bands 1450:1468 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 6 66 theme spectral 1221:1228 arg1 characteristic 1230:1243 Raman spectral characteristic 1215:1243 Raman spectral characteristic 1215:1243 And there was a clear boundary between the two types of samples without any overlapping, indicating that there was a significant difference of Raman spectral characteristic between original rice leaf and rice leaf pretreated by NaOH. 26117874 0 67 with Digestion 55:63 arg1 Microscopy 99:108 Confocal Raman Microscopy 84:108 Confocal Raman Microscopy 84:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 2 68 theme alkaline 248:255 arg1 hydrolysis 264:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis 244:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall 244:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 8 69 theme imaging 1606:1612 arg1 analysis 1614:1621 chemical imaging analysis 1597:1621 chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose 1597:1638 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 1 70 theme effective 150:158 arg1 pretreatment 117:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 1 70 theme effective 150:158 arg1 method 160:165 a convenient and effective method 133:165 a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion 133:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 9 71 theme spatial 1815:1821 arg1 structure 1834:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure 1809:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1809:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 4 72 theme rice 637:640 arg1 straw 642:646 the original rice straw 624:646 the original rice straw 624:646 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 2 73 theme biopolymers 278:288 arg1 hydrolysis 264:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis 244:273 the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall 244:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 5 74 theme Raman 862:866 arg1 spectra 868:874 Raman spectra 862:874 Raman spectra 862:874 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 7 75 theme hemicellulose 1536:1548 arg1 scattering 1522:1531 the scattering 1518:1531 the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin 1518:1570 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 7 76 theme components 1373:1382 arg1 weights 1338:1344 the loading weights 1326:1344 the loading weights of the first two principal components 1326:1382 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 9 77 theme structure 1834:1842 arg1 loss 1801:1804 a loss 1799:1804 a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1799:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 2 78 theme hydrolysis 264:273 arg1 mechanism 231:239 the mechanism 227:239 the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall 227:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 9 79 theme tissue 1847:1852 arg1 structure 1834:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure 1809:1842 dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1809:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 10 80 theme straw 2052:2056 arg1 tissue 2058:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 2 81 theme polymeric 307:315 arg1 structures 338:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 3 82 theme microscopy 568:577 arg1 microscope 605:614 transmission electron microscope 583:614 transmission electron microscope 583:614 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 3 82 theme microscopy 568:577 arg1 combination 538:548 a combination 536:548 a combination of confocal Raman microscopy 536:577 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 9 83 theme great 1858:1862 arg1 decreases 1864:1872 great decreases 1858:1872 great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1858:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 3 84 theme confocal 553:560 arg1 microscopy 568:577 confocal Raman microscopy 553:577 confocal Raman microscopy 553:577 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 7 85 theme weights 1338:1344 arg1 analysis 1314:1321 Further analysis 1306:1321 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components 1306:1382 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 1 86 theme NaOH 112:115 arg1 pretreatment 117:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 1 86 theme NaOH 112:115 arg1 method 160:165 a convenient and effective method 133:165 a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion 133:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 7 87 theme Raman 1487:1491 arg1 peaks 1493:1497 these three Raman peaks 1475:1497 these three Raman peaks 1475:1497 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 9 88 theme contents 1881:1888 arg1 tissue 1847:1852 tissue 1847:1852 tissue 1847:1852 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 9 88 theme contents 1881:1888 arg1 decreases 1864:1872 great decreases 1858:1872 great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1858:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 3 89 theme transmission 583:594 arg1 microscope 605:614 transmission electron microscope 583:614 transmission electron microscope 583:614 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 4 90 theme rice 656:659 arg1 straw 661:665 the rice straw 652:665 the rice straw pretreated by NaOH 652:684 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 0 91 theme Straw 73:77 arg1 Digestion 55:63 Anaerobic Digestion 45:63 Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy 45:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 1 92 theme convenient 135:144 arg1 pretreatment 117:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment 112:128 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 1 92 theme convenient 135:144 arg1 method 160:165 a convenient and effective method 133:165 a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion 133:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 10 93 theme NaOH 2249:2252 arg1 pretreatment 2254:2265 NaOH pretreatment 2249:2265 NaOH pretreatment 2249:2265 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 9 94 theme ingredients 1905:1915 arg1 contents 1881:1888 the contents 1877:1888 the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin 1877:1936 It could be found that the NaOH pretreatment resulted in a loss of dense spatial uniformity structure of tissue and great decreases of the contents of these three ingredients, particularly lignin. 26117874 0 95 theme Confocal 84:91 arg1 Microscopy 99:108 Confocal Raman Microscopy 84:108 Confocal Raman Microscopy 84:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 10 96 from cellulose 2034:2042 arg1 tissue 2058:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 8 97 theme microscopic 1711:1721 arg1 information 1729:1739 microscopic image information 1711:1739 microscopic image information 1711:1739 Following, chemical imaging analysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were achieved by combining these Raman peaks and microscopic image information. 26117874 7 98 theme important 1454:1462 arg1 peaks 1406:1410 the Raman peaks 1396:1410 the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) 1396:1443 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 7 98 theme important 1454:1462 arg1 bands 1464:1468 the important bands 1450:1468 the important bands 1450:1468 Further analysis of the loading weights of the first two principal components showed that the Raman peaks at 1 739, 1 508 and 1 094 cm(-1) were the important bands, and these three Raman peaks were attributed to the scattering of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin respectively. 26117874 10 99 theme chemical 2110:2117 arg1 analysis 2127:2134 chemical imaging analysis 2110:2134 chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue 2110:2169 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 4 100 theme Raman 730:734 arg1 microscopy 736:745 confocal Raman microscopy 721:745 confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution 721:782 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 10 101 theme rice 2275:2278 arg1 fermentation 2286:2297 the rice straw fermentation and biogas production 2271:2319 fermentation 2286:2297 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 10 102 theme ingredients 2149:2159 arg1 analysis 2127:2134 chemical imaging analysis 2110:2134 chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue 2110:2169 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 2 103 theme wall 368:371 arg1 structures 338:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 polymeric cross-linked network structures 307:347 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 2 103 theme wall 368:371 arg1 biopolymers 278:288 biopolymers 278:288 biopolymers 278:288 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 5 104 theme principal 790:798 arg1 analysis 810:817 Then principal component analysis 785:817 Then principal component analysis 785:817 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 10 105 from tissue 2164:2169 arg1 analysis 2127:2134 chemical imaging analysis 2110:2134 chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue 2110:2169 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 10 106 theme Raman 2077:2081 arg1 microscopy 2083:2092 confocal Raman microscopy 2068:2092 confocal Raman microscopy 2068:2092 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 4 107 theme mapping 701:707 arg1 scanning 709:716 mapping scanning 701:716 mapping scanning 701:716 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 2 108 theme straw 357:361 arg1 wall 368:371 rice straw cell wall 352:371 rice straw cell wall 352:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 5 109 theme samples 917:923 arg1 types 908:912 the two types 900:912 the two types of samples 900:923 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 10 110 theme biogas 2303:2308 arg1 production 2310:2319 the rice straw fermentation and biogas production 2271:2319 production 2310:2319 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 2 111 theme rice 352:355 arg1 wall 368:371 rice straw cell wall 352:371 rice straw cell wall 352:371 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 0 112 theme Pretreatment 29:40 arg1 Effect 12:17 Effect 12:17 Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy 12:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 5 113 dep spectra 868:874 arg1 found 889:893 found 889:893 could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99% 880:1069 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 3 114 from effect 424:429 arg1 digestion 481:489 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 digestion 481:489 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 3 114 from effect 424:429 arg1 production 502:511 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 production 502:511 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 2 115 theme further 378:384 arg1 study 386:390 further study 378:390 further study 378:390 But the mechanism of the alkaline (NaOH) hydrolysis of biopolymers compositions and polymeric cross-linked network structures of rice straw cell wall need further study. 26117874 0 116 theme Anaerobic 45:53 arg1 Digestion 55:63 Anaerobic Digestion 45:63 Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy 45:108 [Studies on Effect of Alkali Pretreatment on Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw with Confocal Raman Microscopy]. 26117874 5 117 theme component 1007:1015 arg1 space 1017:1021 the first two principal component space 983:1021 the first two principal component space 983:1021 Then principal component analysis was adopted to extract main information of Raman spectra, it could be found that the two types of samples were respectively presented with ray-like distribution in the first two principal component space, which were with cumulative contribution of 99%. 26117874 10 118 from lignin 2023:2028 arg1 tissue 2058:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 rice straw tissue 2047:2063 It can be concluded that it is feasible to non-destructively measure hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose in rice straw tissue by confocal Raman microscopy, and to achieve chemical imaging analysis of the three ingredients in tissue, and this research will be much help for revealing the promotion mechanism of NaOH pretreatment for the rice straw fermentation and biogas production. 26117874 3 119 from mechanism 435:443 arg1 digestion 481:489 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 digestion 481:489 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 3 119 from mechanism 435:443 arg1 production 502:511 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 production 502:511 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 3 120 theme anaerobic 471:479 arg1 digestion 481:489 anaerobic digestion and biogas production 471:511 digestion 481:489 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 4 121 theme spatial 765:771 arg1 resolution 773:782 micron-scale spatial resolution 752:782 micron-scale spatial resolution 752:782 First, the original rice straw and the rice straw pretreated by NaOH were taken for mapping scanning by confocal Raman microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution. 26117874 3 122 theme pretreatment 455:466 arg1 mechanism 435:443 mechanism 435:443 mechanism 435:443 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 3 122 theme pretreatment 455:466 arg1 effect 424:429 the effect 420:429 the effect 420:429 This paper firstly studied the effect and mechanism of alkali pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and biogas production of rice straw by using a combination of confocal Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscope. 26117874 1 123 theme anaerobic 202:210 arg1 digestion 212:220 rice straw anaerobic digestion 191:220 rice straw anaerobic digestion 191:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 26117874 1 124 theme rice 191:194 arg1 digestion 212:220 rice straw anaerobic digestion 191:220 rice straw anaerobic digestion 191:220 NaOH pretreatment is a convenient and effective method which is widely used in rice straw anaerobic digestion. 28803976 6 0 theme cell 1048:1051 arg1 targets 1053:1059 glycosylated cell targets 1035:1059 glycosylated cell targets 1035:1059 Together, these results suggest that CaBo interacts with glycosylated cell targets and elicits a remarkable antiglioma activity. 28803976 1 1 theme Canavalia 168:176 arg1 bonariensis 178:188 Canavalia bonariensis 168:188 Canavalia bonariensis 168:188 CaBo is a mannose/glucose-specific lectin purified from seeds of Canavalia bonariensis. 28803976 4 2 theme CaBo 558:561 arg1 cytotoxicity 563:574 CaBo cytotoxicity 558:574 CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells 558:595 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 0 3 theme antiglioma 81:90 arg1 bases 40:44 Molecular bases 30:44 Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential 30:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 3 theme antiglioma 81:90 arg1 potential 92:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 1 4 theme bonariensis 178:188 arg1 seeds 159:163 seeds 159:163 seeds of Canavalia bonariensis 159:188 CaBo is a mannose/glucose-specific lectin purified from seeds of Canavalia bonariensis. 28803976 5 5 theme Molecular 713:721 arg1 simulations 731:741 Molecular docking simulations 713:741 Molecular docking simulations 713:741 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 0 6 dep bases 40:44 arg1 lectin 22:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin 0:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin 0:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 6 dep bases 40:44 arg1 bases 40:44 Molecular bases 30:44 Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential 30:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 6 dep bases 40:44 arg1 interaction 65:75 interaction 65:75 interaction 65:75 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 6 dep bases 40:44 arg1 potential 92:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 5 7 theme several 916:922 arg1 N-glycans 924:932 several N-glycans 916:932 several N-glycans 916:932 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 5 7 theme several 916:922 arg1 those 946:950 those 946:950 those 946:950 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 5 8 theme docking 723:729 arg1 simulations 731:741 Molecular docking simulations 713:741 Molecular docking simulations 713:741 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 4 9 theme autophagy 687:695 arg1 induction 674:682 induction 674:682 induction of autophagy and cell death 674:710 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 4 10 theme death 706:710 arg1 induction 674:682 induction 674:682 induction of autophagy and cell death 674:710 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 3 11 theme manganese 474:482 arg1 ions 484:487 calcium and manganese ions 462:487 calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) 462:538 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 3 12 theme structural 341:350 arg1 characteristics 352:366 the structural characteristics 337:366 the structural characteristics of other legume lectins 337:390 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 4 13 dep In 541:542 arg1 vitro 544:548 vitro 544:548 vitro 544:548 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 5 14 theme high-mannose 959:970 arg1 type 972:975 the high-mannose type 955:975 the high-mannose type 955:975 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 3 15 theme metal 431:435 arg1 site 445:448 a metal binding site 429:448 a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) 429:538 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 3 15 theme metal 431:435 arg1 motif 422:426 the jellyroll motif 408:426 the jellyroll motif 408:426 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 0 16 theme bonariensis 10:20 arg1 lectin 22:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin 0:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin 0:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 2 17 theme specific 309:316 arg1 ligand 318:323 a specific ligand 307:323 a specific ligand 307:323 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 2 17 theme specific 309:316 arg1 X-man 300:304 X-man 300:304 X-man 300:304 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 0 18 theme Canavalia 0:8 arg1 lectin 22:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin 0:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin 0:27 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 4 19 theme In 541:542 arg1 test 550:553 In vitro test 541:553 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells 541:595 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 5 20 gly glycoproteins 859:871 arg1 glycoproteins 859:871 glycoproteins 859:871 glycoproteins 859:871 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 3 21 theme other 371:375 arg1 lectins 384:390 other legume lectins 371:390 other legume lectins 371:390 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 6 22 theme antiglioma 1086:1095 arg1 activity 1097:1104 a remarkable antiglioma activity 1073:1104 a remarkable antiglioma activity 1073:1104 Together, these results suggest that CaBo interacts with glycosylated cell targets and elicits a remarkable antiglioma activity. 28803976 3 23 theme legume 377:382 arg1 lectins 384:390 other legume lectins 371:390 other legume lectins 371:390 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 2 24 theme present 198:204 arg1 work 206:209 the present work 194:209 the present work 194:209 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 2 25 theme X-man 300:304 arg1 presence 288:295 the presence 284:295 the presence of X-man, a specific ligand 284:323 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 2 26 from resolution 270:279 arg1 presence 288:295 the presence 284:295 the presence of X-man, a specific ligand 284:323 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 6 27 theme remarkable 1075:1084 arg1 activity 1097:1104 a remarkable antiglioma activity 1073:1104 a remarkable antiglioma activity 1073:1104 Together, these results suggest that CaBo interacts with glycosylated cell targets and elicits a remarkable antiglioma activity. 28803976 5 28 with interactions 841:852 arg1 glycoproteins 859:871 glycoproteins 859:871 glycoproteins 859:871 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 3 29 theme binding 437:443 arg1 site 445:448 a metal binding site 429:448 a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) 429:538 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 3 29 theme binding 437:443 arg1 motif 422:426 the jellyroll motif 408:426 the jellyroll motif 408:426 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 3 30 theme jellyroll 412:420 arg1 site 445:448 a metal binding site 429:448 a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) 429:538 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 3 30 theme jellyroll 412:420 arg1 motif 422:426 the jellyroll motif 408:426 the jellyroll motif 408:426 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 0 31 theme Molecular 30:38 arg1 bases 40:44 Molecular bases 30:44 Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential 30:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 31 theme Molecular 30:38 arg1 interaction 65:75 interaction 65:75 interaction 65:75 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 31 theme Molecular 30:38 arg1 potential 92:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 2 32 theme crystal 231:237 arg1 structure 239:247 the CaBo crystal structure 222:247 the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand 222:323 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 0 33 theme glycoconjugates 49:63 arg1 bases 40:44 Molecular bases 30:44 Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential 30:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 33 theme glycoconjugates 49:63 arg1 interaction 65:75 interaction 65:75 interaction 65:75 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 0 33 theme glycoconjugates 49:63 arg1 potential 92:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 antiglioma potential 81:100 Canavalia bonariensis lectin: Molecular bases of glycoconjugates interaction and antiglioma potential. 28803976 2 34 theme CaBo 226:229 arg1 structure 239:247 the CaBo crystal structure 222:247 the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand 222:323 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 1 35 theme mannose/glucose-specific 113:136 arg1 CaBo 103:106 CaBo 103:106 CaBo 103:106 CaBo is a mannose/glucose-specific lectin purified from seeds of Canavalia bonariensis. 28803976 1 35 theme mannose/glucose-specific 113:136 arg1 lectin 138:143 a mannose/glucose-specific lectin 111:143 a mannose/glucose-specific lectin purified from seeds of Canavalia bonariensis 111:188 CaBo is a mannose/glucose-specific lectin purified from seeds of Canavalia bonariensis. 28803976 5 36 theme biological 798:807 arg1 activities 809:818 the lectin's biological activities 785:818 the lectin's biological activities 785:818 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 4 37 theme cell 701:704 arg1 death 706:710 cell death 701:710 cell death 701:710 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 3 38 theme calcium 462:468 arg1 ions 484:487 calcium and manganese ions 462:487 calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) 462:538 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 2 39 theme atomic 263:268 arg1 resolution 270:279 atomic resolution 263:279 atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand 263:323 In the present work, we report the CaBo crystal structure determined to atomic resolution in the presence of X-man, a specific ligand. 28803976 3 40 theme carbohydrate-recognition 502:525 arg1 CRD 535:537 CRD 535:537 CRD 535:537 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 3 40 theme carbohydrate-recognition 502:525 arg1 domain 527:532 the carbohydrate-recognition domain 498:532 the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) 498:538 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 4 41 theme glioma 584:589 arg1 cells 591:595 glioma cells 584:595 glioma cells 584:595 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 5 42 theme previous 755:762 arg1 data 764:767 previous data 755:767 previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type 755:975 Molecular docking simulations corroborate previous data indicating that the lectin's biological activities occur mostly through interactions with glycoproteins since the lectin interacted favorably with several N-glycans, especially those of the high-mannose type. 28803976 4 43 theme cellular 638:645 arg1 viability 647:655 the cellular viability 634:655 the cellular viability 634:655 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 4 44 theme cytotoxicity 563:574 arg1 test 550:553 In vitro test 541:553 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells 541:595 In vitro test of CaBo cytotoxicity against glioma cells demonstrated its ability to decrease the cellular viability and migration by induction of autophagy and cell death. 28803976 6 45 gly glycosylated 1035:1046 arg1 targets 1053:1059 glycosylated cell targets 1035:1059 glycosylated cell targets 1035:1059 Together, these results suggest that CaBo interacts with glycosylated cell targets and elicits a remarkable antiglioma activity. 28803976 3 46 theme lectins 384:390 arg1 characteristics 352:366 the structural characteristics 337:366 the structural characteristics of other legume lectins 337:390 Similar to the structural characteristics of other legume lectins, CaBo presented the jellyroll motif, a metal binding site occupied by calcium and manganese ions close to the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD). 28803976 6 47 theme glycosylated 1035:1046 arg1 targets 1053:1059 glycosylated cell targets 1035:1059 glycosylated cell targets 1035:1059 Together, these results suggest that CaBo interacts with glycosylated cell targets and elicits a remarkable antiglioma activity. 28732735 6 0 theme CD64+ 925:929 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 0 theme CD64+ 925:929 arg1 cells 931:935 CD14+ and CD64+ cells 915:935 CD14+ and CD64+ cells 915:935 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 5 1 theme immunomodulating 659:674 arg1 activity 676:683 ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity 640:683 ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 640:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 6 2 theme human 832:836 arg1 populations 851:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations 824:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+) 824:889 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 2 theme human 832:836 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 2 theme human 832:836 arg1 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 2 theme human 832:836 arg1 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 7 3 theme unspecific 1109:1118 arg1 activity 1148:1155 unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity 1109:1155 unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1109:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 6 4 theme CD14+ 915:919 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 4 theme CD14+ 915:919 arg1 cells 931:935 CD14+ and CD64+ cells 915:935 CD14+ and CD64+ cells 915:935 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 5 theme ex 824:825 arg1 populations 851:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations 824:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+) 824:889 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 5 theme ex 824:825 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 5 theme ex 824:825 arg1 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 5 theme ex 824:825 arg1 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 9 6 theme linden 1442:1447 arg1 materials 1456:1464 linden herbal materials 1442:1464 linden herbal materials 1442:1464 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 8 7 theme first 1222:1226 arg1 report 1228:1233 the first report 1218:1233 the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1218:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 8 7 theme first 1222:1226 arg1 This 1210:1213 This 1210:1213 This 1210:1213 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 7 8 theme whole 1075:1079 arg1 phagocytes 1087:1096 whole blood phagocytes 1075:1096 whole blood phagocytes 1075:1096 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 7 9 theme in 1120:1121 arg1 activity 1148:1155 unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity 1109:1155 unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1109:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 6 10 theme human 971:975 arg1 cells 989:993 human white blood cells 971:993 human white blood cells 971:993 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 7 11 dep in 1120:1121 arg1 vitro 1123:1127 vitro 1123:1127 vitro 1123:1127 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 5 12 theme bone 727:730 arg1 marrow 732:737 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow 693:737 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 8 13 theme linden 1266:1271 arg1 pectins 1280:1286 linden flower pectins 1266:1286 linden flower pectins 1266:1286 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 5 14 theme cell 739:742 arg1 proliferation 744:756 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation 693:756 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 4 15 contain contain 586:592 arg1 samples 578:584 the three samples 568:584 the three samples 568:584 The chemical characterization revealed that the three samples contain mainly pectic polysaccharides. 28732735 4 15 contain contain 586:592 arg2 polysaccharides 608:622 mainly pectic polysaccharides 594:622 mainly pectic polysaccharides 594:622 The chemical characterization revealed that the three samples contain mainly pectic polysaccharides. 28732735 8 16 theme pectins 1280:1286 arg1 studies 1255:1261 immunomodulating studies 1238:1261 immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1238:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 5 17 theme murine 697:702 arg1 marrow 732:737 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow 693:737 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 8 18 theme chemical 1292:1299 arg1 characterization 1325:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization 1292:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1292:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 7 19 theme herbal 1024:1029 arg1 PSCs 1031:1034 The herbal PSCs 1020:1034 The herbal PSCs 1020:1034 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 8 20 theme biological 1305:1314 arg1 characterization 1325:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization 1292:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1292:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 1 21 theme lavender 295:302 arg1 flowers 277:283 the flowers 273:283 the flowers of common lavender 273:302 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 21 theme lavender 295:302 arg1 parts 219:223 the aerial parts 208:223 the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) 208:266 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 9 22 theme immune 1555:1560 arg1 system 1562:1567 compromised immune system 1543:1567 compromised immune system 1543:1567 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 8 23 theme characterization 1325:1340 arg1 studies 1255:1261 immunomodulating studies 1238:1261 immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1238:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 1 24 theme polysaccharide 157:170 arg1 PSCs 183:186 PSCs 183:186 PSCs 183:186 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 24 theme polysaccharide 157:170 arg1 complexes 172:180 Three polysaccharide complexes 151:180 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) 151:187 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 0 25 theme adaptive 130:137 arg1 mechanisms 139:148 innate and adaptive mechanisms 119:148 innate and adaptive mechanisms 119:148 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 8 26 theme lavender 1345:1352 arg1 polysaccharides 1354:1368 lavender polysaccharides 1345:1368 lavender polysaccharides 1345:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 7 27 theme tumor 1197:1201 arg1 cells 1203:1207 A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1176:1207 cells 1203:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 3 28 dep composition 446:456 arg1 The 433:435 The 433:435 The 433:435 The chemical composition and immunomodulating effects of isolated PSCs were characterized. 28732735 6 29 theme blood 983:987 arg1 cells 989:993 human white blood cells 971:993 human white blood cells 971:993 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 30 from cells 989:993 arg1 production 955:964 IL-6 production 950:964 IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells 950:1017 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 2 31 theme Tilia 354:358 arg1 Moench 370:375 Tilia tomentosa Moench 354:375 Tilia tomentosa Moench 354:375 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 2 31 theme Tilia 354:358 arg1 linden 346:351 silver linden 339:351 silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) 339:376 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 5 32 theme 100μg/ml 766:773 arg1 concentration 775:787 100μg/ml concentration 766:787 100μg/ml concentration 766:787 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 0 33 from purslane 37:44 arg1 complexes 22:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes 0:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender 0:72 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 0 34 theme Acidic 0:5 arg1 complexes 22:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes 0:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender 0:72 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 5 35 theme proliferation 744:756 arg1 test 758:761 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 2 36 theme water 389:393 arg1 extraction 395:404 water extraction 389:404 water extraction 389:404 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 4 37 theme chemical 528:535 arg1 characterization 537:552 The chemical characterization 524:552 The chemical characterization 524:552 The chemical characterization revealed that the three samples contain mainly pectic polysaccharides. 28732735 5 38 dep ex 640:641 arg1 vivo 643:646 vivo 643:646 vivo 643:646 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 7 39 from phagocytes 1087:1096 arg1 production 1059:1068 ex vivo ROS production 1047:1068 ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes 1047:1096 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 0 40 theme silver 47:52 arg1 linden 54:59 silver linden 47:59 silver linden 47:59 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 3 41 theme chemical 437:444 arg1 composition 446:456 chemical composition 437:456 chemical composition 437:456 The chemical composition and immunomodulating effects of isolated PSCs were characterized. 28732735 1 42 theme aerial 212:217 arg1 parts 219:223 the aerial parts 208:223 the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) 208:266 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 6 43 theme T-cell 844:849 arg1 populations 851:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations 824:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+) 824:889 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 43 theme T-cell 844:849 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 43 theme T-cell 844:849 arg1 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 43 theme T-cell 844:849 arg1 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 7 44 dep ex 1047:1048 arg1 vivo 1050:1053 vivo 1050:1053 vivo 1050:1053 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 2 45 theme tomentosa 360:368 arg1 Moench 370:375 Tilia tomentosa Moench 354:375 Tilia tomentosa Moench 354:375 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 2 45 theme tomentosa 360:368 arg1 linden 346:351 silver linden 339:351 silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) 339:376 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 3 46 theme isolated 490:497 arg1 PSCs 499:502 isolated PSCs 490:502 isolated PSCs 490:502 The chemical composition and immunomodulating effects of isolated PSCs were characterized. 28732735 5 47 theme intestinal 648:657 arg1 activity 676:683 ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity 640:683 ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 640:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 1 48 theme purslane 235:242 arg1 flowers 277:283 the flowers 273:283 the flowers of common lavender 273:302 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 48 theme purslane 235:242 arg1 parts 219:223 the aerial parts 208:223 the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) 208:266 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 7 49 theme blood 1081:1085 arg1 phagocytes 1087:1096 whole blood phagocytes 1075:1096 whole blood phagocytes 1075:1096 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 9 50 theme herbal 1449:1454 arg1 materials 1456:1464 linden herbal materials 1442:1464 linden herbal materials 1442:1464 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 7 51 theme anti-proliferative 1129:1146 arg1 activity 1148:1155 unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity 1109:1155 unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1109:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 6 52 theme phagocytic 892:901 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 52 theme phagocytic 892:901 arg1 populations 851:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations 824:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+) 824:889 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 52 theme phagocytic 892:901 arg1 cells 931:935 CD14+ and CD64+ cells 915:935 CD14+ and CD64+ cells 915:935 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 5 53 theme ex 640:641 arg1 activity 676:683 ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity 640:683 ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 640:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 6 54 theme white 977:981 arg1 cells 989:993 human white blood cells 971:993 human white blood cells 971:993 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 55 dep ex 824:825 arg1 vivo 827:830 vivo 827:830 vivo 827:830 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 7 56 theme ROS 1055:1057 arg1 production 1059:1068 ex vivo ROS production 1047:1068 ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes 1047:1096 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 6 57 theme same 797:800 arg1 time 802:805 the same time 793:805 the same time 793:805 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 9 58 dep purslane 1412:1419 arg1 materials 1456:1464 linden herbal materials 1442:1464 linden herbal materials 1442:1464 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 8 59 theme immunomodulating 1238:1253 arg1 studies 1255:1261 immunomodulating studies 1238:1261 immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1238:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 5 60 theme marrow 732:737 arg1 proliferation 744:756 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation 693:756 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 9 61 theme immunomodulating 1474:1489 arg1 polysaccharides 1491:1505 immunomodulating polysaccharides 1474:1505 immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system 1474:1567 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 6 62 theme IL-6 950:953 arg1 production 955:964 IL-6 production 950:964 IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells 950:1017 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 0 63 from lavender 65:72 arg1 complexes 22:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes 0:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender 0:72 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 7 64 theme LS180 1191:1195 arg1 cells 1203:1207 A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1176:1207 cells 1203:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 8 65 from report 1228:1233 arg1 studies 1255:1261 immunomodulating studies 1238:1261 immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1238:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 0 66 theme innate 119:124 arg1 mechanisms 139:148 innate and adaptive mechanisms 119:148 innate and adaptive mechanisms 119:148 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 5 67 theme patch-mediated 712:725 arg1 marrow 732:737 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow 693:737 the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test 693:761 They exhibited ex vivo intestinal immunomodulating activity through the murine Peyer's patch-mediated bone marrow cell proliferation test at 100μg/ml concentration. 28732735 1 68 dep Portulaca 245:253 arg1 L. 264:265 Portulaca oleracea L. 245:265 Portulaca oleracea L. 245:265 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 8 69 theme flower 1273:1278 arg1 pectins 1280:1286 linden flower pectins 1266:1286 linden flower pectins 1266:1286 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 9 70 theme compromised 1543:1553 arg1 system 1562:1567 compromised immune system 1543:1567 compromised immune system 1543:1567 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 6 71 theme patch 1007:1011 arg1 cells 1013:1017 Peyer's patch cells 999:1017 Peyer's patch cells 999:1017 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 9 72 theme system 1562:1567 arg1 support 1532:1538 support 1532:1538 support of compromised immune system 1532:1567 Our study demonstrates that similarly to purslane, lavender and silver linden herbal materials contain immunomodulating polysaccharides that could be useful for support of compromised immune system. 28732735 8 73 theme activity 1316:1323 arg1 characterization 1325:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization 1292:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1292:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 0 74 theme patch 92:96 arg1 cells 105:109 Peyer's patch immune cells 84:109 Peyer's patch immune cells 84:109 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 1 75 theme angustifolia 315:326 arg1 Mill 328:331 angustifolia Mill 315:331 Lavandula angustifolia Mill. 305:332 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 0 76 from linden 54:59 arg1 complexes 22:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes 0:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender 0:72 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 6 77 from cells 1013:1017 arg1 production 955:964 IL-6 production 950:964 IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells 950:1017 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 7 78 theme HeLa 1182:1185 arg1 cells 1203:1207 A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1176:1207 cells 1203:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 8 79 theme polysaccharides 1354:1368 arg1 pectins 1280:1286 linden flower pectins 1266:1286 linden flower pectins 1266:1286 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 8 79 theme polysaccharides 1354:1368 arg1 characterization 1325:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization 1292:1340 chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides 1292:1368 This is the first report on immunomodulating studies of linden flower pectins and chemical and biological activity characterization of lavender polysaccharides. 28732735 0 80 theme polysaccharide 7:20 arg1 complexes 22:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes 0:30 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender 0:72 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 6 81 dep populations 851:861 arg1 populations 851:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations 824:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+) 824:889 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 81 dep populations 851:861 arg1 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 81 dep populations 851:861 arg1 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 7 82 theme ex 1047:1048 arg1 production 1059:1068 ex vivo ROS production 1047:1068 ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes 1047:1096 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 1 83 dep Lavandula 305:313 arg1 Mill 328:331 angustifolia Mill 315:331 Lavandula angustifolia Mill. 305:332 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 2 84 theme silver 339:344 arg1 Moench 370:375 Tilia tomentosa Moench 354:375 Tilia tomentosa Moench 354:375 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 2 84 theme silver 339:344 arg1 linden 346:351 silver linden 339:351 silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) 339:376 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 0 85 theme immune 98:103 arg1 cells 105:109 Peyer's patch immune cells 84:109 Peyer's patch immune cells 84:109 Acidic polysaccharide complexes from purslane, silver linden and lavender stimulate Peyer's patch immune cells through innate and adaptive mechanisms. 28732735 2 86 theme ethanol 410:416 arg1 precipitation 418:430 ethanol precipitation 410:430 ethanol precipitation 410:430 and silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench) by boiling water extraction and ethanol precipitation. 28732735 1 87 attach isolated 194:201 arg2 complexes 172:180 Three polysaccharide complexes 151:180 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) 151:187 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 87 attach isolated 194:201 arg2 PSCs 183:186 PSCs 183:186 PSCs 183:186 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 87 attach isolated 194:201 arg1 parts 219:223 the aerial parts 208:223 the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) 208:266 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 87 attach isolated 194:201 arg1 flowers 277:283 the flowers 273:283 the flowers of common lavender 273:302 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 3 88 theme immunomodulating 462:477 arg1 effects 479:485 immunomodulating effects 462:485 immunomodulating effects 462:485 The chemical composition and immunomodulating effects of isolated PSCs were characterized. 28732735 1 89 theme common 288:293 arg1 lavender 295:302 common lavender 288:302 common lavender 288:302 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 4 90 theme pectic 601:606 arg1 polysaccharides 608:622 mainly pectic polysaccharides 594:622 mainly pectic polysaccharides 594:622 The chemical characterization revealed that the three samples contain mainly pectic polysaccharides. 28732735 3 91 theme PSCs 499:502 arg1 composition 446:456 chemical composition 437:456 chemical composition 437:456 The chemical composition and immunomodulating effects of isolated PSCs were characterized. 28732735 3 91 theme PSCs 499:502 arg1 effects 479:485 immunomodulating effects 462:485 immunomodulating effects 462:485 The chemical composition and immunomodulating effects of isolated PSCs were characterized. 28732735 6 92 theme blood 838:842 arg1 populations 851:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations 824:861 ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+) 824:889 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 92 theme blood 838:842 arg1 leukocytes 903:912 phagocytic leukocytes 892:912 phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) 892:936 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 92 theme blood 838:842 arg1 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 CD8+/CD25+ 879:888 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 6 92 theme blood 838:842 arg1 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 CD4+/CD25+ 864:873 At the same time, they stimulated ex vivo human blood T-cell populations (CD4+/CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+), phagocytic leukocytes (CD14+ and CD64+ cells) and induced IL-6 production from human white blood cells and Peyer's patch cells. 28732735 1 93 dep isolated 194:201 arg1 Lavandula 305:313 Lavandula 305:313 Lavandula 305:313 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 7 94 theme A549 1176:1179 arg1 cells 1203:1207 A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells 1176:1207 cells 1203:1207 The herbal PSCs stimulated ex vivo ROS production from whole blood phagocytes and showed unspecific in vitro anti-proliferative activity against normal and A549, HeLa and LS180 tumor cells. 28732735 1 95 theme common 228:233 arg1 Portulaca 245:253 Portulaca 245:253 Portulaca 245:253 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 28732735 1 95 theme common 228:233 arg1 purslane 235:242 common purslane 228:242 common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) 228:266 Three polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) were isolated from the aerial parts of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), and the flowers of common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) 24680809 7 0 theme Thermodynamic 892:904 arg1 parameters 906:915 Thermodynamic parameters 892:915 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system 892:941 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 3 1 theme equilibrium 470:480 arg1 parameters 482:491 various equilibrium parameters 462:491 various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 462:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 1 theme equilibrium 470:480 arg1 concentration 549:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 1 theme equilibrium 470:480 arg1 time 513:516 contact time 505:516 contact time 505:516 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 1 theme equilibrium 470:480 arg1 pH 501:502 pH 501:502 pH 501:502 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 1 theme equilibrium 470:480 arg1 dosage 519:524 dosage 519:524 dosage 519:524 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 6 2 theme composite 829:837 arg1 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 2 theme composite 829:837 arg1 capacity 804:811 The maximum adsorption capacity 781:811 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions 781:853 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 3 dep Cr 843:844 arg1 ions 850:853 ions 850:853 Cr(VI) ions 843:853 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 3 dep Cr 843:844 arg1 VI 846:847 VI 846:847 VI 846:847 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 9 4 theme Desorption 1220:1229 arg1 experiments 1248:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments 1220:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites 1220:1285 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites were performed and reused for more than two consecutive cycles. 24680809 1 5 theme Cr 148:149 arg1 removal 137:143 the removal 133:143 the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 133:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 8 6 theme sorption 1146:1153 arg1 process 1155:1161 the sorption process 1142:1161 the sorption process 1142:1161 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 8 7 theme kinetic 1066:1072 arg1 process 1074:1080 adsorption kinetic process 1055:1080 adsorption kinetic process 1055:1080 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 3 8 theme contact 505:511 arg1 time 513:516 contact time 505:516 contact time 505:516 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 9 used used 433:436 arg2 method 422:427 Batch equilibrium method 404:427 Batch equilibrium method 404:427 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 0 10 theme uptake 87:92 arg1 studies 94:100 uptake studies 87:100 its Cr(VI) uptake studies 76:100 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 4 11 theme removal 568:574 arg1 efficiency 576:585 The removal efficiency 564:585 The removal efficiency by CCGP composite 564:603 The removal efficiency by CCGP composite was found to be higher compared to CGP composite in all the studied conditions. 24680809 4 11 theme removal 568:574 arg1 higher 621:626 higher 621:626 higher 621:626 The removal efficiency by CCGP composite was found to be higher compared to CGP composite in all the studied conditions. 24680809 6 12 theme CCGP 824:827 arg1 composite 829:837 CCGP composite 824:837 CCGP composite 824:837 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 1 13 from removal 137:143 arg1 solution 173:180 aqueous solution 165:180 aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 165:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 3 14 theme Batch 404:408 arg1 method 422:427 Batch equilibrium method 404:427 Batch equilibrium method 404:427 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 2 15 theme XRD 374:376 arg1 techniques 392:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 The composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. 24680809 5 16 theme isotherm 741:748 arg1 model 750:754 Freundlich isotherm model 730:754 Freundlich isotherm model for both the composites 730:778 The adsorption process was well described by Freundlich isotherm model for both the composites. 24680809 6 17 theme CGP 816:818 arg1 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 17 theme CGP 816:818 arg1 capacity 804:811 The maximum adsorption capacity 781:811 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions 781:853 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 4 18 theme studied 665:671 arg1 conditions 673:682 all the studied conditions 657:682 all the studied conditions 657:682 The removal efficiency by CCGP composite was found to be higher compared to CGP composite in all the studied conditions. 24680809 0 19 theme Facile 0:5 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 0:70 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 9 20 theme CGP 1263:1265 arg1 experiments 1248:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments 1220:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites 1220:1285 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites were performed and reused for more than two consecutive cycles. 24680809 7 21 from nature 1036:1041 arg1 nature 982:987 the nature 978:987 the nature of sorption 978:999 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 7 21 from nature 1036:1041 arg1 spontaneous 1005:1015 spontaneous 1005:1015 spontaneous 1005:1015 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 1 22 dep Cr 148:149 arg1 ions 155:158 ions 155:158 Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 148:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 1 22 dep Cr 148:149 arg1 VI 151:152 VI 151:152 VI 151:152 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 2 23 theme SEM-EDX 365:371 arg1 techniques 392:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 The composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. 24680809 0 24 theme cross 20:24 arg1 composite 62:70 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 20:70 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 20:70 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 7 25 from spontaneous 1005:1015 arg1 nature 1036:1041 nature 1036:1041 nature 1036:1041 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 2 26 theme TGA 388:390 arg1 techniques 392:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 The composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. 24680809 3 27 theme initial 530:536 arg1 concentration 549:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 9 28 theme composites 1276:1285 arg1 experiments 1248:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments 1220:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites 1220:1285 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites were performed and reused for more than two consecutive cycles. 24680809 7 29 theme sorption 992:999 arg1 nature 982:987 the nature 978:987 the nature of sorption 978:999 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 7 29 theme sorption 992:999 arg1 spontaneous 1005:1015 spontaneous 1005:1015 spontaneous 1005:1015 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 0 30 dep Cr 80:81 arg1 VI 83:84 VI 83:84 VI 83:84 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 0 30 dep Cr 80:81 arg1 studies 94:100 uptake studies 87:100 its Cr(VI) uptake studies 76:100 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 1 31 theme aqueous 165:171 arg1 solution 173:180 aqueous solution 165:180 aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 165:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 0 32 theme composite 62:70 arg1 Cr 80:81 its Cr(VI) uptake studies 76:100 its Cr(VI) uptake studies 76:100 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 0 32 theme composite 62:70 arg1 synthesis 7:15 Facile synthesis 0:15 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 0:70 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 1 33 theme chitosan-grafted-polyaniline 273:300 arg1 composite 308:316 chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite 273:316 chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite 273:316 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 6 34 from 303K 886:889 arg1 179.2mg/g 873:881 179.2mg/g 873:881 179.2mg/g 873:881 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 34 from 303K 886:889 arg1 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 34 from 303K 886:889 arg1 capacity 804:811 The maximum adsorption capacity 781:811 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions 781:853 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 4 35 theme CCGP 590:593 arg1 composite 595:603 CCGP composite 590:603 CCGP composite 590:603 The removal efficiency by CCGP composite was found to be higher compared to CGP composite in all the studied conditions. 24680809 9 36 theme consecutive 1331:1341 arg1 cycles 1343:1348 more than two consecutive cycles 1317:1348 more than two consecutive cycles 1317:1348 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites were performed and reused for more than two consecutive cycles. 24680809 3 37 dep concentration 549:561 arg1 VI 541:542 VI 541:542 VI 541:542 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 0 38 theme linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline 26:60 arg1 composite 62:70 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 20:70 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 20:70 Facile synthesis of cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite and its Cr(VI) uptake studies. 24680809 8 39 theme kinetic 1124:1130 arg1 model 1132:1136 pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1104:1136 pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1104:1136 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 6 40 theme adsorption 793:802 arg1 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 40 theme adsorption 793:802 arg1 capacity 804:811 The maximum adsorption capacity 781:811 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions 781:853 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 8 41 theme pseudo-second-order 1104:1122 arg1 model 1132:1136 pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1104:1136 pseudo-second-order kinetic model 1104:1136 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 1 42 from solution 173:180 arg1 removal 137:143 the removal 133:143 the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 133:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 1 42 from solution 173:180 arg1 Cr 148:149 Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 148:245 Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 148:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 2 43 theme DSC 379:381 arg1 techniques 392:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 The composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. 24680809 1 44 theme CGP 303:305 arg1 composite 308:316 chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite 273:316 chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite 273:316 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 6 45 theme maximum 785:791 arg1 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 165.6mg/g 859:867 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 6 45 theme maximum 785:791 arg1 capacity 804:811 The maximum adsorption capacity 781:811 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions 781:853 The maximum adsorption capacity of CGP and CCGP composite for Cr(VI) ions was 165.6mg/g and 179.2mg/g at 303K. 24680809 3 46 theme Cr 538:539 arg1 concentration 549:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 8 47 dep described 1091:1099 arg1 VI 1051:1052 VI 1051:1052 VI 1051:1052 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 5 48 theme Freundlich 730:739 arg1 model 750:754 Freundlich isotherm model 730:754 Freundlich isotherm model for both the composites 730:778 The adsorption process was well described by Freundlich isotherm model for both the composites. 24680809 3 49 theme parameters 482:491 arg1 optimization 446:457 the optimization 442:457 the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 442:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 1 50 theme present 110:116 arg1 investigation 118:130 the present investigation 106:130 the present investigation 106:130 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 8 51 theme diffusion 1201:1209 arg1 pattern 1211:1217 intraparticle diffusion pattern 1187:1217 intraparticle diffusion pattern 1187:1217 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 8 52 theme adsorption 1055:1064 arg1 process 1074:1080 adsorption kinetic process 1055:1080 adsorption kinetic process 1055:1080 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 7 53 theme adsorption 925:934 arg1 system 936:941 the adsorption system 921:941 the adsorption system 921:941 Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were calculated and concluded that the nature of sorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. 24680809 1 54 theme cross 188:192 arg1 composite 230:238 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 188:238 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 188:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 1 54 theme cross 188:192 arg1 CCGP 241:244 CCGP 241:244 CCGP 241:244 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 9 55 theme CCGP 1271:1274 arg1 composites 1276:1285 CCGP composites 1271:1285 CCGP composites 1271:1285 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites were performed and reused for more than two consecutive cycles. 24680809 1 56 theme linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline 194:228 arg1 composite 230:238 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite 188:238 cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) 188:245 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 1 56 theme linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline 194:228 arg1 CCGP 241:244 CCGP 241:244 CCGP 241:244 In the present investigation, the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using cross linked-chitosan-grafted-polyaniline composite (CCGP) was compared with that of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CGP) composite. 24680809 8 57 theme intraparticle 1187:1199 arg1 pattern 1211:1217 intraparticle diffusion pattern 1187:1217 intraparticle diffusion pattern 1187:1217 The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetic process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the sorption process was being controlled by intraparticle diffusion pattern. 24680809 3 58 theme ion 545:547 arg1 concentration 549:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 59 theme equilibrium 410:420 arg1 method 422:427 Batch equilibrium method 404:427 Batch equilibrium method 404:427 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 5 60 theme adsorption 689:698 arg1 process 700:706 The adsorption process 685:706 The adsorption process 685:706 The adsorption process was well described by Freundlich isotherm model for both the composites. 24680809 9 61 theme regeneration 1235:1246 arg1 experiments 1248:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments 1220:1258 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites 1220:1285 Desorption and regeneration experiments of CGP and CCGP composites were performed and reused for more than two consecutive cycles. 24680809 2 62 theme FTIR 359:362 arg1 techniques 392:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques 359:401 The composites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, DSC, and TGA techniques. 24680809 3 63 theme various 462:468 arg1 parameters 482:491 various equilibrium parameters 462:491 various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 462:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 63 theme various 462:468 arg1 concentration 549:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 initial Cr(VI) ion concentration 530:561 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 63 theme various 462:468 arg1 time 513:516 contact time 505:516 contact time 505:516 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 63 theme various 462:468 arg1 pH 501:502 pH 501:502 pH 501:502 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 3 63 theme various 462:468 arg1 dosage 519:524 dosage 519:524 dosage 519:524 Batch equilibrium method was used for the optimization of various equilibrium parameters such as pH, contact time, dosage and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. 24680809 4 64 theme CGP 640:642 arg1 composite 644:652 CGP composite 640:652 CGP composite 640:652 The removal efficiency by CCGP composite was found to be higher compared to CGP composite in all the studied conditions. 24423494 1 0 theme direct 299:304 arg1 addition 306:313 direct addition 299:313 direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties 299:423 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 4 1 theme SPI/La/polysaccharide 865:885 arg1 films 887:891 the SPI/La and SPI/La/polysaccharide films 850:891 films 887:891 Regarding oxygen-barrier performance, no notable differences were observed between the SPI/La and SPI/La/polysaccharide films. 24423494 5 2 theme significant 903:913 arg1 improvement 915:925 The most significant improvement 894:925 The most significant improvement 894:925 The most significant improvement was observed by blending PGA, with the co-dried preparation exhibiting better properties than the direct-addition preparation. 24423494 2 3 theme films 459:463 arg1 WVP 430:432 The WVP 426:432 The WVP of SPI/La/polysaccharide films 426:463 The WVP of SPI/La/polysaccharide films decreased when polysaccharides were added using the co-drying process, regardless of the type of polysaccharide. 24423494 1 4 dep polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 polysaccharide 179:192 aloe polysaccharide 174:192 aloe polysaccharide 174:192 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 4 dep polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 polysaccharides 101:115 polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) 101:193 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 4 dep polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 pectin 150:155 pectin 150:155 pectin 150:155 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 4 dep polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 carrageenan 158:168 carrageenan 158:168 carrageenan 158:168 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 4 dep polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 alginate 134:141 propyleneglycol alginate 118:141 propyleneglycol alginate (PGA) 118:147 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 4 dep polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 PGA 144:146 PGA 144:146 PGA 144:146 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 5 theme /lauric 243:249 arg1 La 257:258 La 257:258 La 257:258 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 5 theme /lauric 243:249 arg1 acid 251:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid 218:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process 218:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 6 6 theme blends 1227:1232 arg1 basis 1144:1148 the basis 1140:1148 the basis for the differences in the barrier 1140:1183 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 6 6 theme blends 1227:1232 arg1 properties 1200:1209 mechanical properties 1189:1209 mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 1189:1264 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 6 6 theme blends 1227:1232 arg1 microstructures 1107:1121 the microstructures 1103:1121 the microstructures of the films 1103:1134 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 1 7 theme mechanical 403:412 arg1 properties 414:423 mechanical properties 403:423 mechanical properties 403:423 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 5 8 theme co-dried 966:973 arg1 preparation 975:985 the co-dried preparation 962:985 the co-dried preparation exhibiting better properties than the direct-addition preparation 962:1051 The most significant improvement was observed by blending PGA, with the co-dried preparation exhibiting better properties than the direct-addition preparation. 24423494 1 9 theme acid 251:254 arg1 films 261:265 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films 218:265 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process 218:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 2 10 theme polysaccharide 562:575 arg1 type 554:557 the type 550:557 the type of polysaccharide 550:575 The WVP of SPI/La/polysaccharide films decreased when polysaccharides were added using the co-drying process, regardless of the type of polysaccharide. 24423494 1 11 theme biodegradable 323:335 arg1 films 347:351 biodegradable composite films 323:351 biodegradable composite films 323:351 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 12 theme Different 82:90 arg1 types 92:96 Different types 82:96 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) 82:193 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 13 theme composite 337:345 arg1 films 347:351 biodegradable composite films 323:351 biodegradable composite films 323:351 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 2 14 theme SPI/La/polysaccharide 437:457 arg1 films 459:463 SPI/La/polysaccharide films 437:463 SPI/La/polysaccharide films 437:463 The WVP of SPI/La/polysaccharide films decreased when polysaccharides were added using the co-drying process, regardless of the type of polysaccharide. 24423494 5 15 theme better 998:1003 arg1 properties 1005:1014 better properties 998:1014 better properties than the direct-addition preparation 998:1051 The most significant improvement was observed by blending PGA, with the co-dried preparation exhibiting better properties than the direct-addition preparation. 24423494 1 16 theme aloe 174:177 arg1 polysaccharide 179:192 aloe polysaccharide 174:192 aloe polysaccharide 174:192 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 16 theme aloe 174:177 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 polysaccharides 101:115 polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) 101:193 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 4 17 theme SPI/La 854:859 arg1 films 887:891 the SPI/La and SPI/La/polysaccharide films 850:891 films 887:891 Regarding oxygen-barrier performance, no notable differences were observed between the SPI/La and SPI/La/polysaccharide films. 24423494 6 18 theme polysaccharides 1242:1256 arg1 blends 1227:1232 the modified blends 1214:1232 the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 1214:1264 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 3 19 from break 697:701 arg1 elongation 683:692 the percentage elongation 668:692 the percentage elongation at break 668:701 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 6 20 theme La. 1262:1264 arg1 blends 1227:1232 the modified blends 1214:1232 the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 1214:1264 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 1 21 theme polysaccharides 101:115 arg1 types 92:96 Different types 82:96 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) 82:193 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 0 22 theme protein/lauric 26:39 arg1 films 53:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 Blend-modification of soy protein/lauric acid edible films using polysaccharides. 24423494 6 23 from differences 1158:1168 arg1 barrier 1177:1183 the barrier 1173:1183 the barrier 1173:1183 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 0 24 theme soy 22:24 arg1 films 53:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 Blend-modification of soy protein/lauric acid edible films using polysaccharides. 24423494 6 25 theme mechanical 1189:1198 arg1 properties 1200:1209 mechanical properties 1189:1209 mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 1189:1264 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 1 26 theme propyleneglycol 118:132 arg1 PGA 144:146 PGA 144:146 PGA 144:146 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 26 theme propyleneglycol 118:132 arg1 polysaccharides 101:115 polysaccharides 101:115 polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) 101:193 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 26 theme propyleneglycol 118:132 arg1 alginate 134:141 propyleneglycol alginate 118:141 propyleneglycol alginate (PGA) 118:147 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 0 27 theme edible 46:51 arg1 films 53:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 Blend-modification of soy protein/lauric acid edible films using polysaccharides. 24423494 1 28 theme modified 358:365 arg1 WVP 394:396 WVP 394:396 WVP 394:396 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 28 theme modified 358:365 arg1 permeability 380:391 modified water vapour permeability 358:391 modified water vapour permeability (WVP) 358:397 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 4 29 theme notable 808:814 arg1 differences 816:826 no notable differences 805:826 no notable differences 805:826 Regarding oxygen-barrier performance, no notable differences were observed between the SPI/La and SPI/La/polysaccharide films. 24423494 0 30 theme acid 41:44 arg1 films 53:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 soy protein/lauric acid edible films 22:57 Blend-modification of soy protein/lauric acid edible films using polysaccharides. 24423494 2 31 theme co-drying 517:525 arg1 process 527:533 the co-drying process 513:533 the co-drying process 513:533 The WVP of SPI/La/polysaccharide films decreased when polysaccharides were added using the co-drying process, regardless of the type of polysaccharide. 24423494 1 32 theme water 367:371 arg1 WVP 394:396 WVP 394:396 WVP 394:396 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 32 theme water 367:371 arg1 permeability 380:391 modified water vapour permeability 358:391 modified water vapour permeability (WVP) 358:397 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 3 33 theme tensile 582:588 arg1 strength 590:597 The tensile strength 578:597 The tensile strength of SPI/La film 578:612 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 1 34 theme soy 218:220 arg1 La 257:258 La 257:258 La 257:258 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 34 theme soy 218:220 arg1 acid 251:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid 218:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process 218:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 35 theme co-drying 275:283 arg1 process 285:291 a co-drying process 273:291 a co-drying process 273:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 36 theme vapour 373:378 arg1 WVP 394:396 WVP 394:396 WVP 394:396 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 36 theme vapour 373:378 arg1 permeability 380:391 modified water vapour permeability 358:391 modified water vapour permeability (WVP) 358:397 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 0 37 theme films 53:57 arg1 Blend-modification 0:17 Blend-modification 0:17 Blend-modification of soy protein/lauric acid edible films 0:57 Blend-modification of soy protein/lauric acid edible films using polysaccharides. 24423494 3 38 theme polysaccharides 647:661 arg1 addition 635:642 the addition 631:642 the addition of polysaccharides 631:661 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 6 39 theme SPI 1237:1239 arg1 blends 1227:1232 the modified blends 1214:1232 the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 1214:1264 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 3 40 theme co-drying 748:756 arg1 process 758:764 the co-drying process 744:764 the co-drying process 744:764 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 4 41 theme oxygen-barrier 777:790 arg1 performance 792:802 oxygen-barrier performance 777:802 oxygen-barrier performance 777:802 Regarding oxygen-barrier performance, no notable differences were observed between the SPI/La and SPI/La/polysaccharide films. 24423494 3 42 theme SPI/La 602:607 arg1 film 609:612 SPI/La film 602:612 SPI/La film 602:612 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 6 43 theme Scanning 1054:1061 arg1 SEM 1084:1086 SEM 1084:1086 SEM 1084:1086 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 6 43 theme Scanning 1054:1061 arg1 microscopy 1072:1081 Scanning electron microscopy 1054:1081 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1054:1087 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 1 44 theme protein 222:228 arg1 La 257:258 La 257:258 La 257:258 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 44 theme protein 222:228 arg1 acid 251:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid 218:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process 218:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 3 45 theme film 609:612 arg1 strength 590:597 The tensile strength 578:597 The tensile strength of SPI/La film 578:612 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 6 46 theme films 1130:1134 arg1 basis 1144:1148 the basis 1140:1148 the basis for the differences in the barrier 1140:1183 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 6 46 theme films 1130:1134 arg1 microstructures 1107:1121 the microstructures 1103:1121 the microstructures of the films 1103:1134 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 1 47 theme isolate 230:236 arg1 La 257:258 La 257:258 La 257:258 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 47 theme isolate 230:236 arg1 acid 251:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid 218:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process 218:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 6 48 theme modified 1218:1225 arg1 blends 1227:1232 the modified blends 1214:1232 the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 1214:1264 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 3 49 theme percentage 672:681 arg1 elongation 683:692 the percentage elongation 668:692 the percentage elongation at break 668:701 The tensile strength of SPI/La film was increased by the addition of polysaccharides, and the percentage elongation at break was increased by incorporating PGA using the co-drying process. 24423494 5 50 theme direct-addition 1025:1039 arg1 preparation 1041:1051 the direct-addition preparation 1021:1051 the direct-addition preparation 1021:1051 The most significant improvement was observed by blending PGA, with the co-dried preparation exhibiting better properties than the direct-addition preparation. 24423494 6 51 theme electron 1063:1070 arg1 SEM 1084:1086 SEM 1084:1086 SEM 1084:1086 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 6 51 theme electron 1063:1070 arg1 microscopy 1072:1081 Scanning electron microscopy 1054:1081 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1054:1087 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microstructures of the films are the basis for the differences in the barrier and mechanical properties of the modified blends of SPI, polysaccharides and La. 24423494 1 52 theme SPI 239:241 arg1 La 257:258 La 257:258 La 257:258 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 24423494 1 52 theme SPI 239:241 arg1 acid 251:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid 218:254 soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process 218:291 Different types of polysaccharides (propyleneglycol alginate (PGA), pectin, carrageenan and aloe polysaccharide) were incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI)/lauric acid (La) films using a co-drying process or by direct addition to form biodegradable composite films with modified water vapour permeability (WVP) and mechanical properties. 29030967 0 0 theme anaerobic 91:99 arg1 conditions 101:110 anaerobic conditions 91:110 anaerobic conditions 91:110 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes treated wheat straw under anaerobic conditions. 29030967 3 1 from molasses 595:602 arg1 jars 622:625 airtight glass jars 607:625 airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 607:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 2 2 from composition 404:414 arg1 pH 391:392 pH 391:392 pH 391:392 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 11 3 theme John 1479:1482 arg1 Sons 1492:1495 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1479:1499 John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry 1479:1541 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 29030967 2 4 from production 433:442 arg1 pH 391:392 pH 391:392 pH 391:392 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 9 5 theme supply 1329:1334 arg1 feed 1350:1353 supply fungi-treated feed 1329:1353 supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period 1329:1396 This finding is important for practical application to supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period. 29030967 3 6 theme glass 616:620 arg1 jars 622:625 airtight glass jars 607:625 airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 607:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 11 7 theme Science 1434:1440 arg1 Journal 1419:1425 Journal 1419:1425 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 1419:1542 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 29030967 4 8 theme lignin 703:708 arg1 content 728:734 the lignin and hemicellulose content 699:734 the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS 699:740 RESULTS Both fungi significantly reduced the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS, and increased the cellulose content. 29030967 3 9 dep 64 days 497:503 arg1 ' 511:511 ' 511:511 ' 511:511 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 9 10 theme fungi-treated 1336:1348 arg1 feed 1350:1353 supply fungi-treated feed 1329:1353 supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period 1329:1396 This finding is important for practical application to supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period. 29030967 3 11 theme airtight 607:614 arg1 jars 622:625 airtight glass jars 607:625 airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 607:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 7 12 theme L. 1061:1062 arg1 edodes 1064:1069 stored L. edodes 1054:1069 stored L. edodes treated WS 1054:1080 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora. 29030967 8 13 theme treated 1201:1207 arg1 straw 1209:1213 C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw 1170:1213 C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw 1170:1213 CONCLUSION It is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. 29030967 3 14 from combination 572:582 arg1 jars 622:625 airtight glass jars 607:625 airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 607:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 7 15 theme fibre 1009:1013 arg1 composition 1015:1025 fibre composition 1009:1025 fibre composition 1009:1025 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora. 29030967 9 16 theme prolonged 1381:1389 arg1 period 1391:1396 a prolonged period 1379:1396 a prolonged period 1379:1396 This finding is important for practical application to supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period. 29030967 4 17 theme hemicellulose 714:726 arg1 content 728:734 the lignin and hemicellulose content 699:734 the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS 699:740 RESULTS Both fungi significantly reduced the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS, and increased the cellulose content. 29030967 3 18 theme ensiling 637:644 arg1 conditions 646:655 ensiling conditions 637:655 ensiling conditions 637:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 2 19 dep in 420:421 arg1 vitro 423:427 vitro 423:427 vitro 423:427 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 10 20 dep Authors 1410:1416 arg1 2017 1401:1404 © 2017 1399:1404 © 2017 1399:1404 © 2017 The Authors. 29030967 11 21 dep Sons 1492:1495 arg1 Ltd 1497:1499 Ltd 1497:1499 Ltd 1497:1499 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 29030967 9 22 theme ruminant 1358:1365 arg1 animals 1367:1373 ruminant animals 1358:1373 ruminant animals 1358:1373 This finding is important for practical application to supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period. 29030967 7 23 from changes 998:1004 arg1 IVGP 1031:1034 IVGP 1031:1034 IVGP 1031:1034 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora. 29030967 7 23 from changes 998:1004 arg1 composition 1015:1025 fibre composition 1009:1025 fibre composition 1009:1025 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora. 29030967 4 24 dep RESULTS 658:664 arg1 Both 666:669 Both 666:669 Both 666:669 RESULTS Both fungi significantly reduced the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS, and increased the cellulose content. 29030967 1 25 theme fungal-treated 181:194 arg1 lignocellulose 196:209 fungal-treated lignocellulose 181:209 fungal-treated lignocellulose 181:209 BACKGROUND No attention has been paid so far to the preservation of fungal-treated lignocellulose for longer periods. 29030967 2 26 theme gas 429:431 arg1 IVGP 445:448 IVGP 445:448 IVGP 445:448 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 2 26 theme gas 429:431 arg1 production 433:442 in vitro gas production 420:442 in vitro gas production (IVGP) 420:449 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 6 27 theme WS 906:907 arg1 pH 900:901 the pH 896:901 the pH of WS 896:907 Both fungi lowered the pH of WS under 4.3, which guarantees an initial and stable low pH during anaerobic storage. 29030967 2 28 theme white-rot 290:298 arg1 fungi 300:304 the white-rot fungi 286:304 the white-rot fungi 286:304 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 1 29 theme lignocellulose 196:209 arg1 preservation 165:176 the preservation 161:176 the preservation of fungal-treated lignocellulose for longer periods 161:228 BACKGROUND No attention has been paid so far to the preservation of fungal-treated lignocellulose for longer periods. 29030967 0 30 theme subvermispora 30:42 arg1 Preservation 0:11 Preservation 0:11 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula 0:56 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes treated wheat straw under anaerobic conditions. 29030967 8 31 dep CONCLUSION 1132:1141 arg1 possible 1149:1156 possible 1149:1156 possible 1149:1156 CONCLUSION It is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. 29030967 5 32 from increase 850:857 arg1 digestibility 862:874 digestibility 862:874 digestibility 862:874 The IVGP increased with increasing time of incubation, indicating the increase in digestibility. 29030967 1 33 theme BACKGROUND 113:122 arg1 attention 127:135 BACKGROUND No attention 113:135 BACKGROUND No attention 113:135 BACKGROUND No attention has been paid so far to the preservation of fungal-treated lignocellulose for longer periods. 29030967 8 34 dep 64 days 1265:1271 arg1 up 1259:1260 up 1259:1260 up 1259:1260 CONCLUSION It is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. 29030967 2 35 theme in 420:421 arg1 IVGP 445:448 IVGP 445:448 IVGP 445:448 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 2 35 theme in 420:421 arg1 production 433:442 in vitro gas production 420:442 in vitro gas production (IVGP) 420:449 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 7 36 theme Minor 992:996 arg1 changes 998:1004 Minor changes 992:1004 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP 992:1034 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora. 29030967 1 37 theme No 124:125 arg1 attention 127:135 BACKGROUND No attention 113:135 BACKGROUND No attention 113:135 BACKGROUND No attention has been paid so far to the preservation of fungal-treated lignocellulose for longer periods. 29030967 1 38 theme longer 215:220 arg1 periods 222:228 longer periods 215:228 longer periods 215:228 BACKGROUND No attention has been paid so far to the preservation of fungal-treated lignocellulose for longer periods. 29030967 0 39 theme Lentinula 48:56 arg1 Preservation 0:11 Preservation 0:11 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula 0:56 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes treated wheat straw under anaerobic conditions. 29030967 6 40 theme low 959:961 arg1 pH 963:964 an initial and stable low pH 937:964 an initial and stable low pH 937:964 Both fungi lowered the pH of WS under 4.3, which guarantees an initial and stable low pH during anaerobic storage. 29030967 3 41 theme acid 542:545 arg1 LAB 557:559 LAB 557:559 LAB 557:559 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 3 41 theme acid 542:545 arg1 bacteria 547:554 lactic acid bacteria 535:554 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 535:560 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 6 42 theme anaerobic 973:981 arg1 storage 983:989 anaerobic storage 973:989 anaerobic storage 973:989 Both fungi lowered the pH of WS under 4.3, which guarantees an initial and stable low pH during anaerobic storage. 29030967 2 43 theme chemical 395:402 arg1 composition 404:414 chemical composition 395:414 chemical composition 395:414 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 10 44 theme © 1399:1399 arg1 2017 1401:1404 © 2017 1399:1404 © 2017 1399:1404 © 2017 The Authors. 29030967 11 45 theme Chemical 1525:1532 arg1 Industry 1534:1541 Chemical Industry 1525:1541 Chemical Industry 1525:1541 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 29030967 2 46 theme present 238:244 arg1 study 246:250 the present study 234:250 the present study 234:250 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 2 47 from changes 380:386 arg1 pH 391:392 pH 391:392 pH 391:392 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 6 48 theme stable 952:957 arg1 pH 963:964 an initial and stable low pH 937:964 an initial and stable low pH 937:964 Both fungi lowered the pH of WS under 4.3, which guarantees an initial and stable low pH during anaerobic storage. 29030967 0 49 theme treated 65:71 arg1 straw 79:83 treated wheat straw 65:83 treated wheat straw 65:83 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes treated wheat straw under anaerobic conditions. 29030967 4 50 theme cellulose 761:769 arg1 content 771:777 the cellulose content 757:777 the cellulose content 757:777 RESULTS Both fungi significantly reduced the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS, and increased the cellulose content. 29030967 8 51 theme edodes 1194:1199 arg1 straw 1209:1213 C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw 1170:1213 C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw 1170:1213 CONCLUSION It is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. 29030967 7 52 theme stored 1054:1059 arg1 edodes 1064:1069 stored L. edodes 1054:1069 stored L. edodes treated WS 1054:1080 Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora. 29030967 3 53 theme molasses 595:602 arg1 combination 572:582 a combination 570:582 a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 570:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 3 54 theme lactic 535:540 arg1 LAB 557:559 LAB 557:559 LAB 557:559 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 3 54 theme lactic 535:540 arg1 bacteria 547:554 lactic acid bacteria 535:554 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 535:560 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 11 55 theme Wiley 1484:1488 arg1 Sons 1492:1495 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1479:1499 John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry 1479:1541 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 29030967 2 56 theme wheat 264:268 arg1 WS 277:278 WS 277:278 WS 277:278 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 2 56 theme wheat 264:268 arg1 straw 270:274 wheat straw 264:274 wheat straw (WS) 264:279 In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white-rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. 29030967 3 57 theme bacteria 547:554 arg1 addition 523:530 the addition 519:530 the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 519:560 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 3 58 from jars 622:625 arg1 combination 572:582 a combination 570:582 a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 570:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 11 59 theme & 1490:1490 arg1 Sons 1492:1495 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1479:1499 John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry 1479:1541 Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 29030967 3 60 theme LAB 587:589 arg1 combination 572:582 a combination 570:582 a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 570:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 3 61 theme Fungal-treated 459:472 arg1 WS 474:475 Fungal-treated WS 459:475 Fungal-treated WS 459:475 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 6 62 theme initial 940:946 arg1 pH 963:964 an initial and stable low pH 937:964 an initial and stable low pH 937:964 Both fungi lowered the pH of WS under 4.3, which guarantees an initial and stable low pH during anaerobic storage. 29030967 3 63 from LAB 587:589 arg1 jars 622:625 airtight glass jars 607:625 airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions 607:655 Fungal-treated WS was also stored for 64 days 'as is', with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions. 29030967 8 64 theme subvermispora 1173:1185 arg1 straw 1209:1213 C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw 1170:1213 C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw 1170:1213 CONCLUSION It is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. 29030967 8 65 theme anaerobic 1221:1229 arg1 condition 1231:1239 anaerobic condition 1221:1239 anaerobic condition 1221:1239 CONCLUSION It is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. 29030967 9 66 theme practical 1304:1312 arg1 application 1314:1324 practical application 1304:1324 practical application to supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period 1304:1396 This finding is important for practical application to supply fungi-treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period. 29030967 0 67 theme wheat 73:77 arg1 straw 79:83 treated wheat straw 65:83 treated wheat straw 65:83 Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes treated wheat straw under anaerobic conditions. 29030967 4 68 theme WS 739:740 arg1 content 728:734 the lignin and hemicellulose content 699:734 the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS 699:740 RESULTS Both fungi significantly reduced the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS, and increased the cellulose content. 29030967 5 69 theme incubation 823:832 arg1 time 815:818 time 815:818 time of incubation 815:832 The IVGP increased with increasing time of incubation, indicating the increase in digestibility. 27267065 3 0 theme -linked 565:571 arg1 moiety 602:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 2 1 with oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 arg1 2-chloroethoxy 349:362 2-chloroethoxy 349:362 2-chloroethoxy 349:362 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 1 with oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 arg1 aglycon 371:377 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 346:377 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 346:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 3 2 theme arabinofuranose 573:587 arg1 moiety 602:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 2 3 theme -linked 309:315 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 4 theme oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 arg1 group 412:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group 383:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end 383:440 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 4 theme oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 arg1 array 274:278 An array 271:278 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 271:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 4 theme oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 3 5 theme moiety 602:607 arg1 introduction 541:552 Subsequent introduction 530:552 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation 530:634 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 2 6 theme non-reducing 425:436 arg1 end 438:440 the non-reducing end 421:440 the non-reducing end 421:440 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 7 theme 3-O-benzoyl 477:487 arg1 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 509:527 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 477:527 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 477:527 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 8 theme β-D-arabinofuranose 489:507 arg1 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 509:527 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 477:527 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 477:527 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 3 9 theme disaccharide 589:600 arg1 moiety 602:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 3 10 theme target 650:655 arg1 oligosaccharides 657:672 the target oligosaccharides 646:672 the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin 646:720 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 1 11 theme terminal 206:213 arg1 motifs 215:220 the terminal motifs 202:220 the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 202:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 0 12 theme Rapid 0:4 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Rapid synthesis 0:14 Rapid synthesis of linear homologous 0:35 Rapid synthesis of linear homologous oligoarabinofuranosides related to mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and a neoglycoconjugate thereof. 27267065 1 13 theme motifs 215:220 arg1 motifs 215:220 the terminal motifs 202:220 the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 202:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 1 13 theme motifs 215:220 arg1 one 195:197 one 195:197 one 195:197 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 3 14 theme bovine 701:706 arg1 albumin 714:720 bovine serum albumin 701:720 bovine serum albumin 701:720 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 3 15 theme Subsequent 530:539 arg1 introduction 541:552 Subsequent introduction 530:552 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation 530:634 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 2 16 link -linked 309:315 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 3 17 link -linked 565:571 arg1 moiety 602:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety 557:607 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 1 18 theme Rapid 137:141 arg1 synthesis 154:162 Rapid and simple synthesis 137:162 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 137:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 1 19 theme mycobacterial 225:237 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 239:255 mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 225:255 mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 225:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 2 20 theme phenyl 364:369 arg1 2-chloroethoxy 349:362 2-chloroethoxy 349:362 2-chloroethoxy 349:362 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 20 theme phenyl 364:369 arg1 aglycon 371:377 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 346:377 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 346:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 1 21 theme lipoarabinomannan 239:255 arg1 motifs 215:220 the terminal motifs 202:220 the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 202:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 0 22 theme homologous 26:35 arg1 synthesis 6:14 Rapid synthesis 0:14 Rapid synthesis of linear homologous 0:35 Rapid synthesis of linear homologous oligoarabinofuranosides related to mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and a neoglycoconjugate thereof. 27267065 2 23 theme 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 509:527 arg1 oligomerization 458:472 oligomerization 458:472 oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate 458:527 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 1 24 theme simple 147:152 arg1 synthesis 154:162 Rapid and simple synthesis 137:162 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 137:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 1 25 theme oligosaccharides 167:182 arg1 synthesis 154:162 Rapid and simple synthesis 137:162 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 137:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 2 26 theme linear 294:299 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 1 27 theme related 184:190 arg1 oligosaccharides 167:182 oligosaccharides 167:182 oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 167:255 Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. 27267065 2 28 theme homologous 283:292 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 29 from end 438:440 arg1 group 412:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group 383:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end 383:440 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 29 from end 438:440 arg1 array 274:278 An array 271:278 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 271:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 29 from end 438:440 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 30 theme 5-OH 407:410 arg1 group 412:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group 383:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end 383:440 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 30 theme 5-OH 407:410 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 0 31 theme mycobacterial 72:84 arg1 lipoarabinomannan 86:102 mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 72:102 mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan 72:102 Rapid synthesis of linear homologous oligoarabinofuranosides related to mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and a neoglycoconjugate thereof. 27267065 3 32 theme step-wise 612:620 arg1 glycosylation 622:634 step-wise glycosylation 612:634 step-wise glycosylation 612:634 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 3 33 theme serum 708:712 arg1 albumin 714:720 bovine serum albumin 701:720 bovine serum albumin 701:720 Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin. 27267065 2 34 theme unprotected 395:405 arg1 group 412:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group 383:416 selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end 383:440 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 27267065 2 34 theme unprotected 395:405 arg1 oligoarabinofuranosides 317:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides 283:339 homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon 283:377 An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. 26794958 5 0 dep chain 762:766 arg1 connected 835:843 connected 835:843 connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately 835:936 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 5 0 dep chain 762:766 arg1 composed 768:775 composed 768:775 composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 768:829 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 7 1 theme ethanol- 1236:1243 arg1 mice 1273:1276 scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice 1222:1276 scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice 1222:1276 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 4 2 theme resonance 620:628 arg1 spectroscopy 630:641 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 603:641 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 603:641 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 3 3 from mannose 428:434 arg1 ratio 443:447 the ratio 439:447 the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57 439:478 SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. 26794958 1 4 theme brown 228:232 arg1 alga 234:237 a brown alga 226:237 a brown alga (S. fusiforme) 226:252 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 4 theme brown 228:232 arg1 fusiforme 243:251 fusiforme 243:251 fusiforme 243:251 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 5 5 theme -α-d-GlcAp- 855:865 arg1 1→ 923:924 →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 850:924 1→ 923:924 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 0 6 from elucidation 11:21 arg1 Sargassum 68:76 Sargassum 68:76 Sargassum 68:76 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 3 7 theme glucuronic 407:416 arg1 fucose 371:376 fucose 371:376 fucose 371:376 SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. 26794958 3 7 theme glucuronic 407:416 arg1 acid 418:421 glucuronic acid 407:421 glucuronic acid 407:421 SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. 26794958 0 8 theme learning 104:111 arg1 deficiencies 124:135 learning and memory deficiencies 104:135 learning and memory deficiencies in mice 104:143 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 6 9 theme sulfate 1026:1032 arg1 β-d-Xylp- 1053:1061 sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→ 1026:1082 β-d-Xylp- 1053:1061 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 6 10 theme residues 1005:1012 arg1 fucosyl 966:972 the fucosyl residue and O-3 962:988 fucosyl 966:972 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 6 10 theme residues 1005:1012 arg1 O-3 986:988 O-3 986:988 O-3 986:988 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 4 11 theme time-of-flight 682:695 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 3 12 theme 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57 452:478 arg1 ratio 443:447 the ratio 439:447 the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57 439:478 SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. 26794958 6 13 theme hexosyl 997:1003 arg1 residues 1005:1012 the hexosyl residues 993:1012 the hexosyl residues 993:1012 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 3 14 from acid 418:421 arg1 ratio 443:447 the ratio 439:447 the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57 439:478 SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. 26794958 4 15 theme mass 704:707 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 0 16 theme memory 117:122 arg1 deficiencies 124:135 learning and memory deficiencies 104:135 learning and memory deficiencies in mice 104:143 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 6 17 dep fucosyl 966:972 arg1 residue 974:980 residue 974:980 residue 974:980 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 4 18 theme quadruple 672:680 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 7 19 theme cognitive 1199:1207 arg1 abilities 1209:1217 the cognitive abilities 1195:1217 the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits 1195:1300 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 1 20 theme fusiforme 168:176 arg1 fucoidan 148:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 20 theme fusiforme 168:176 arg1 A 205:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 5 21 theme -β-l-Fucp- 817:826 arg1 1→ 828:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 4 22 theme structural 485:494 arg1 features 496:503 The structural features 481:503 The structural features of SFPS65A 481:514 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 5 23 theme main 757:760 arg1 chain 762:766 a main chain 755:766 a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately 755:936 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 1 24 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 fucoidan 148:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 24 theme polysaccharide 178:191 arg1 A 205:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 0 25 from role 38:41 arg1 Sargassum 68:76 Sargassum 68:76 Sargassum 68:76 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 2 26 theme molecular 280:288 arg1 weight 290:295 an estimated molecular weight 267:295 an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa 267:304 SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). 26794958 0 27 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 6 28 theme 1→ 1049:1050 arg1 β-d-Xylp- 1053:1061 sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→ 1026:1082 β-d-Xylp- 1053:1061 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 2 29 theme estimated 270:278 arg1 weight 290:295 an estimated molecular weight 267:295 an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa 267:304 SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). 26794958 6 30 theme O-3 986:988 arg1 O-3 955:957 O-3 955:957 O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues 955:1012 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 4 31 theme magnetic 611:618 arg1 resonance 620:628 nuclear magnetic resonance 603:628 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 603:641 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 0 32 theme protective 27:36 arg1 role 38:41 protective role 27:41 protective role 27:41 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 3 33 from glucose 398:404 arg1 ratio 443:447 the ratio 439:447 the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57 439:478 SFPS65A is composed of fucose, galactose, xylose, glucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose in the ratio of 19.23:9.58:6.64:1:6.52:2.57. 26794958 4 34 theme tandem 697:702 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 4 35 theme ionization 661:670 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 1 36 theme Sargassum 158:166 arg1 fucoidan 148:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 36 theme Sargassum 158:166 arg1 A 205:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 4 37 theme composition 540:550 arg1 analysis 552:559 composition analysis 540:559 composition analysis 540:559 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 5 38 theme -α-d-Manp- 912:921 arg1 1→ 923:924 →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 850:924 1→ 923:924 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 1 39 attach isolated 212:219 arg1 alga 234:237 a brown alga 226:237 a brown alga (S. fusiforme) 226:252 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 39 attach isolated 212:219 arg2 fucoidan 148:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan 146:155 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 39 attach isolated 212:219 arg2 A 205:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A 158:205 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 1 39 attach isolated 212:219 arg1 fusiforme 243:251 fusiforme 243:251 fusiforme 243:251 A fucoidan, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide 65 (SFPS65) A, was isolated from a brown alga (S. fusiforme). 26794958 4 40 theme infrared 584:591 arg1 spectrum 593:600 infrared spectrum 584:600 infrared spectrum 584:600 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 4 41 theme methylation 562:572 arg1 analysis 574:581 methylation analysis 562:581 methylation analysis 562:581 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 2 42 contain had 263:265 arg2 weight 290:295 an estimated molecular weight 267:295 an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa 267:304 SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). 26794958 2 42 contain had 263:265 arg1 SFPS65A 255:261 SFPS65A 255:261 SFPS65A 255:261 SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). 26794958 0 43 from Sargassum 68:76 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 0 43 from Sargassum 68:76 arg1 role 38:41 protective role 27:41 protective role 27:41 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 0 43 from Sargassum 68:76 arg1 polysaccharide 48:61 a polysaccharide 46:61 a polysaccharide from Sargassum 46:76 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 6 44 theme -β-l-Fucp- 1038:1047 arg1 β-d-Xylp- 1053:1061 sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→ 1026:1082 β-d-Xylp- 1053:1061 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 6 45 from O-3 955:957 arg1 branches 943:950 The branches 939:950 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues 939:1012 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 5 46 theme -β-l-Fucp- 783:792 arg1 1→ 828:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 0 47 theme polysaccharide 48:61 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 0 47 theme polysaccharide 48:61 arg1 role 38:41 protective role 27:41 protective role 27:41 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 26794958 7 48 theme nitrite-treated 1257:1271 arg1 mice 1273:1276 scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice 1222:1276 scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice 1222:1276 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 7 49 theme mice 1273:1276 arg1 abilities 1209:1217 the cognitive abilities 1195:1217 the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits 1195:1300 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 5 50 contain has 751:753 arg1 SFPS65A 743:749 SFPS65A 743:749 SFPS65A 743:749 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 5 50 contain has 751:753 arg2 chain 762:766 a main chain 755:766 a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately 755:936 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 5 51 theme -α-d-Galp- 892:901 arg1 1→ 923:924 →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 850:924 1→ 923:924 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 2 52 theme 90kDa 300:304 arg1 weight 290:295 an estimated molecular weight 267:295 an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa 267:304 SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). 26794958 5 53 theme 1→ 903:904 arg1 1→ 923:924 →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 850:924 1→ 923:924 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 7 54 theme pharmacological 1153:1167 arg1 experiments 1169:1179 the pharmacological experiments 1149:1179 the pharmacological experiments 1149:1179 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 4 55 theme electrospray 648:659 arg1 spectroscopy 709:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy 648:720 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 5 56 theme -β-l-Fucp- 800:809 arg1 1→ 828:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 7 57 theme memory 1286:1291 arg1 deficits 1293:1300 memory deficits 1286:1300 memory deficits 1286:1300 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 5 58 theme -β-d-Xylp- 874:883 arg1 1→ 923:924 →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 850:924 1→ 923:924 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 6 59 dep β-d-Xylp- 1071:1079 arg1 1→ 1081:1082 1→ 1081:1082 1→ 1081:1082 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 4 60 theme SFPS65A 508:514 arg1 features 496:503 The structural features 481:503 The structural features of SFPS65A 481:514 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 7 61 theme scopolamine- 1222:1233 arg1 mice 1273:1276 scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice 1222:1276 scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice 1222:1276 SFPS65A exhibited an activity on Alzheimer's disease in vivo in the pharmacological experiments by increasing the cognitive abilities of scopolamine-, ethanol-, and sodium nitrite-treated mice against memory deficits. 26794958 2 62 dep c 334:334 arg1 H2O 342:344 H2O 342:344 H2O 342:344 SFPS65A had an estimated molecular weight of 90kDa and showed αD(20) -74.3288 (c 0.05, H2O). 26794958 4 63 theme nuclear 603:609 arg1 resonance 620:628 nuclear magnetic resonance 603:628 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 603:641 The structural features of SFPS65A were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectroscopy. 26794958 5 64 theme 1→3,4 794:798 arg1 1→ 828:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 6 65 theme fucosyl 966:972 arg1 O-3 955:957 O-3 955:957 O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues 955:1012 The branches at O-3 of the fucosyl residue and O-3 of the hexosyl residues may include sulfate, →4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→, β-d-Xylp-(1→, and β-d-Xylp-(1→. 26794958 5 66 dep 1→ 923:924 arg1 →3,6 907:910 →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ 850:924 →3,6 907:910 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 5 67 theme 1→3,4 811:815 arg1 1→ 828:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ 780:829 Results showed that SFPS65A has a main chain composed of →3)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→3,4)-β-l-Fucp-(1→ and connected with →3,4)-α-d-GlcAp-(1→, →4)-β-d-Xylp-(1→, →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-α-d-Manp-(1→ alternately. 26794958 0 68 from deficiencies 124:135 arg1 mice 140:143 mice 140:143 mice 140:143 Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice. 25680304 8 0 theme liquid 1093:1098 arg1 chromatography 1100:1113 liquid chromatography 1093:1113 liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) 1093:1141 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 8 0 theme liquid 1093:1098 arg1 LC 1116:1117 LC 1116:1117 LC 1116:1117 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 10 1 theme preparation 1363:1373 arg1 time 1375:1378 Sample preparation time 1356:1378 Sample preparation time 1356:1378 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 8 2 theme chromatography 1100:1113 arg1 MS 1139:1140 MS 1139:1140 MS 1139:1140 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 8 2 theme chromatography 1100:1113 arg1 spectrometry 1125:1136 liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry 1093:1136 liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) 1093:1141 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 6 3 theme GAGs 857:860 arg1 functions 844:852 the biological functions 829:852 the biological functions of GAGs 829:860 Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. 25680304 10 4 theme Sample 1356:1361 arg1 preparation 1363:1373 Sample preparation 1356:1373 Sample preparation time 1356:1378 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 6 5 theme cell 762:765 arg1 lines 767:771 Commonly studied cell lines 745:771 Commonly studied cell lines 745:771 Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. 25680304 3 6 theme enzymatic/chemical 502:519 arg1 digestion 521:529 the enzymatic/chemical digestion 498:529 the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs 498:537 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 9 7 theme MS 1169:1170 arg1 monitoring 1198:1207 multiple reaction monitoring 1180:1207 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) 1180:1213 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 7 theme MS 1169:1170 arg1 method 1172:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 3 8 theme structural 357:366 arg1 analysis 368:375 This structural analysis 352:375 This structural analysis 352:375 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 5 9 from number 728:733 arg1 present 709:715 present 709:715 present 709:715 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 3 10 dep time-consuming 390:403 arg1 weeks 410:414 1-2 weeks 406:414 1-2 weeks 406:414 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 6 11 theme studied 754:760 arg1 lines 767:771 Commonly studied cell lines 745:771 Commonly studied cell lines 745:771 Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. 25680304 9 12 theme standard 1331:1338 arg1 analysis 1346:1353 standard LC-MS analysis 1331:1353 standard LC-MS analysis 1331:1353 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 5 13 theme quantitative 679:690 arg1 analysis 692:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis 655:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells 655:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 8 14 theme resulting 981:989 arg1 disaccharides 991:1003 The resulting disaccharides 977:1003 The resulting disaccharides 977:1003 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 9 15 theme LC-MS 1340:1344 arg1 analysis 1346:1353 standard LC-MS analysis 1331:1353 standard LC-MS analysis 1331:1353 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 6 16 theme biological 833:842 arg1 functions 844:852 the biological functions 829:852 the biological functions of GAGs 829:860 Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. 25680304 12 17 theme cellular 1824:1831 arg1 glycobiology 1833:1844 cellular glycobiology 1824:1844 cellular glycobiology 1824:1844 Structure-function relationships are explored using these data, suggesting the utility of this method in cellular glycobiology. 25680304 7 18 theme commercial 894:903 arg1 reagent 916:922 a commercial surfactant reagent 892:922 a commercial surfactant reagent 892:922 These cells were lysed using a commercial surfactant reagent, sonicated, and digested with polysaccharide lyases. 25680304 3 19 theme GAGs 534:537 arg1 digestion 521:529 the enzymatic/chemical digestion 498:529 the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs 498:537 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 1 20 theme eukaryotic 165:174 arg1 cells 176:180 eukaryotic cells 165:180 eukaryotic cells 165:180 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. 25680304 5 21 theme cells 738:742 arg1 number 728:733 a small number 720:733 a small number of cells 720:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 7 22 theme polysaccharide 954:967 arg1 lyases 969:974 polysaccharide lyases 954:974 polysaccharide lyases 954:974 These cells were lysed using a commercial surfactant reagent, sonicated, and digested with polysaccharide lyases. 25680304 8 23 theme centrifugal 1023:1033 arg1 filtration 1035:1044 centrifugal filtration 1023:1044 centrifugal filtration 1023:1044 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 5 24 theme GAGs 704:707 arg1 analysis 692:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis 655:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells 655:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 9 25 theme detection 1229:1237 arg1 limit 1220:1224 the limit 1216:1224 the limit of detection for each disaccharide 1216:1259 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 11 26 from differences 1668:1678 arg1 amounts 1693:1699 their GAG amounts 1683:1699 their GAG amounts 1683:1699 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 11 26 from differences 1668:1678 arg1 compositions 1705:1716 compositions 1705:1716 compositions 1705:1716 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 11 27 theme glycosaminoglycanomes 1602:1622 arg1 survey 1588:1593 Our survey 1584:1593 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines 1584:1652 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 12 28 from utility 1798:1804 arg1 glycobiology 1833:1844 cellular glycobiology 1824:1844 cellular glycobiology 1824:1844 Structure-function relationships are explored using these data, suggesting the utility of this method in cellular glycobiology. 25680304 2 29 theme ways 312:315 arg1 one 293:295 one 293:295 one 293:295 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 2 29 theme ways 312:315 arg1 ways 312:315 the primary ways 300:315 the primary ways 300:315 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 4 30 theme compositional 621:633 arg1 analysis 635:642 compositional analysis 621:642 compositional analysis 621:642 Moreover, 10(5)-10(7) cells are usually required for compositional analysis. 25680304 0 31 theme cells 35:39 arg1 Glycosaminoglycanomics 0:21 Glycosaminoglycanomics 0:21 Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells 0:39 Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. 25680304 8 32 theme -mass 1119:1123 arg1 MS 1139:1140 MS 1139:1140 MS 1139:1140 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 8 32 theme -mass 1119:1123 arg1 spectrometry 1125:1136 liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry 1093:1136 liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) 1093:1141 The resulting disaccharides were recovered by centrifugal filtration, labeled with 2-aminoacridone, and analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). 25680304 5 33 theme sensitive 657:665 arg1 analysis 692:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis 655:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells 655:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 9 34 theme sensitive 1159:1167 arg1 monitoring 1198:1207 multiple reaction monitoring 1180:1207 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) 1180:1213 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 34 theme sensitive 1159:1167 arg1 method 1172:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 2 35 theme primary 304:310 arg1 ways 312:315 the primary ways 300:315 the primary ways 300:315 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 7 36 theme surfactant 905:914 arg1 reagent 916:922 a commercial surfactant reagent 892:922 a commercial surfactant reagent 892:922 These cells were lysed using a commercial surfactant reagent, sonicated, and digested with polysaccharide lyases. 25680304 10 37 theme components 1572:1581 arg1 characterization 1525:1540 the characterization 1521:1540 the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components 1521:1581 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 0 38 theme cultured 26:33 arg1 cells 35:39 cultured cells 26:39 cultured cells 26:39 Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. 25680304 6 39 theme related 818:824 arg1 properties 807:816 phenotypic properties 796:816 phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs 796:860 Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. 25680304 12 40 theme method 1814:1819 arg1 utility 1798:1804 the utility 1794:1804 the utility of this method in cellular glycobiology 1794:1844 Structure-function relationships are explored using these data, suggesting the utility of this method in cellular glycobiology. 25680304 3 41 theme multistep 465:473 arg1 purification 475:486 multistep purification 465:486 multistep purification 465:486 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 5 42 theme small 722:726 arg1 number 728:733 a small number 720:733 a small number of cells 720:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 11 43 theme GAG 1689:1691 arg1 amounts 1693:1699 their GAG amounts 1683:1699 their GAG amounts 1683:1699 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 5 44 theme rapid 668:672 arg1 analysis 692:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis 655:699 a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells 655:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 10 45 theme GAG 1555:1557 arg1 components 1572:1581 the major GAG disaccharide components 1545:1581 the major GAG disaccharide components 1545:1581 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 3 46 theme GAG 448:450 arg1 recovery 452:459 GAG recovery 448:459 GAG recovery 448:459 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 10 47 theme disaccharide 1559:1570 arg1 components 1572:1581 the major GAG disaccharide components 1545:1581 the major GAG disaccharide components 1545:1581 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 10 48 theme complete 1464:1471 arg1 characterization 1477:1492 complete GAG characterization 1464:1492 complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components 1464:1581 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 6 49 theme phenotypic 796:805 arg1 properties 807:816 phenotypic properties 796:816 phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs 796:860 Commonly studied cell lines were selected based on phenotypic properties related to the biological functions of GAGs. 25680304 4 50 theme 7 587:587 arg1 cells 590:594 10(5)-10(7) cells 578:594 10(5)-10(7) cells 578:594 Moreover, 10(5)-10(7) cells are usually required for compositional analysis. 25680304 5 51 attach present 709:715 arg2 GAGs 704:707 GAGs 704:707 GAGs present in a small number of cells 704:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 5 51 attach present 709:715 arg1 number 728:733 a small number 720:733 a small number of cells 720:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 1 52 theme wide 205:208 arg1 array 210:214 a wide array 203:214 a wide array of biological functions 203:238 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. 25680304 10 53 theme GAG 1473:1475 arg1 characterization 1477:1492 complete GAG characterization 1464:1492 complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components 1464:1581 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 5 54 theme present 709:715 arg1 GAGs 704:707 GAGs 704:707 GAGs present in a small number of cells 704:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 3 55 theme prior 489:493 arg1 recovery 452:459 GAG recovery 448:459 GAG recovery 448:459 This structural analysis is typically time-consuming (1-2 weeks) and labor intensive, requiring GAG recovery and multistep purification, prior to the enzymatic/chemical digestion of GAGs, and finally their analysis. 25680304 0 56 theme rapid 49:53 arg1 approach 78:85 a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach 47:85 a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach 47:85 Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. 25680304 11 57 theme major 1662:1666 arg1 differences 1668:1678 major differences 1662:1678 major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions 1662:1716 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 9 58 theme reaction 1189:1196 arg1 monitoring 1198:1207 multiple reaction monitoring 1180:1207 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) 1180:1213 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 58 theme reaction 1189:1196 arg1 method 1172:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 58 theme reaction 1189:1196 arg1 MRM 1210:1212 MRM 1210:1212 MRM 1210:1212 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 59 theme multiple 1180:1187 arg1 monitoring 1198:1207 multiple reaction monitoring 1180:1207 multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) 1180:1213 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 59 theme multiple 1180:1187 arg1 method 1172:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 a highly sensitive MS method 1150:1177 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 9 59 theme multiple 1180:1187 arg1 MRM 1210:1212 MRM 1210:1212 MRM 1210:1212 Using a highly sensitive MS method, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the limit of detection for each disaccharide was reduced to 0.5-1.0 pg, as compared with 1.0-5.0 ng obtained using standard LC-MS analysis. 25680304 2 60 theme GAG 337:339 arg1 structure 341:349 the GAG structure 333:349 the GAG structure 333:349 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 10 61 theme cell 1413:1416 arg1 number 1418:1423 the cell number 1409:1423 the cell number required 1409:1432 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 2 62 theme compositional 267:279 arg1 analysis 281:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis 241:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis 241:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 12 63 theme Structure-function 1719:1736 arg1 relationships 1738:1750 Structure-function relationships 1719:1750 Structure-function relationships 1719:1750 Structure-function relationships are explored using these data, suggesting the utility of this method in cellular glycobiology. 25680304 11 64 theme cell 1643:1646 arg1 lines 1648:1652 the 20 selected cell lines 1627:1652 the 20 selected cell lines 1627:1652 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 2 65 theme disaccharide 254:265 arg1 analysis 281:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis 241:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis 241:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 10 66 theme major 1549:1553 arg1 components 1572:1581 the major GAG disaccharide components 1545:1581 the major GAG disaccharide components 1545:1581 Sample preparation time was reduced to 1-2 days, and the cell number required was reduced to 5000 cells for complete GAG characterization to as few as 500 cells for the characterization of the major GAG disaccharide components. 25680304 11 67 theme lines 1648:1652 arg1 glycosaminoglycanomes 1602:1622 the glycosaminoglycanomes 1598:1622 the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines 1598:1652 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 0 68 theme LC-MS/MS 69:76 arg1 approach 78:85 a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach 47:85 a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach 47:85 Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. 25680304 5 69 from present 709:715 arg1 number 728:733 a small number 720:733 a small number of cells 720:742 We report a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative analysis of GAGs present in a small number of cells. 25680304 2 70 theme Quantitative 241:252 arg1 analysis 281:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis 241:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis 241:288 Quantitative disaccharide compositional analysis is one of the primary ways to characterize the GAG structure. 25680304 1 71 theme polysaccharides 127:141 arg1 family 117:122 a family 115:122 a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells 115:180 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. 25680304 1 71 theme polysaccharides 127:141 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 88:105 Glycosaminoglycans 88:105 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 88:112 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. 25680304 1 72 theme biological 219:228 arg1 functions 230:238 biological functions 219:238 biological functions 219:238 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. 25680304 0 73 theme sensitive 59:67 arg1 approach 78:85 a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach 47:85 a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach 47:85 Glycosaminoglycanomics of cultured cells using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach. 25680304 11 74 theme selected 1634:1641 arg1 lines 1648:1652 the 20 selected cell lines 1627:1652 the 20 selected cell lines 1627:1652 Our survey of the glycosaminoglycanomes of the 20 selected cell lines reveals major differences in their GAG amounts and compositions. 25680304 1 75 theme functions 230:238 arg1 array 210:214 a wide array 203:214 a wide array of biological functions 203:238 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), a family of polysaccharides widely distributed in eukaryotic cells, are responsible for a wide array of biological functions. 25226538 0 0 theme antioxidant 82:92 arg1 activities 94:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 59:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita 59:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 2 1 theme composition 590:600 arg1 analysis 602:609 Chemical composition analysis 581:609 Chemical composition analysis 581:609 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 3 2 theme bioactivity 843:853 arg1 experiments 855:865 In vitro bioactivity experiments 834:865 In vitro bioactivity experiments 834:865 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 1 3 theme activities 269:278 arg1 characterization 195:210 preliminary characterization 183:210 preliminary characterization 183:210 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 1 3 theme activities 269:278 arg1 evaluation 216:225 evaluation 216:225 evaluation 216:225 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 1 3 theme activities 269:278 arg1 extraction 171:180 extraction 171:180 extraction 171:180 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 2 4 theme water 490:494 arg1 ratio 481:485 the ratio 477:485 the ratio of water to raw material 477:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 5 theme Chemical 581:588 arg1 analysis 602:609 Chemical composition analysis 581:609 Chemical composition analysis 581:609 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 3 6 theme DNA 974:976 arg1 topoisomerase 978:990 DNA topoisomerase I 974:992 DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) 974:1001 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 3 6 theme DNA 974:976 arg1 topo 995:998 topo I 995:1000 topo I 995:1000 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 4 7 theme natural 1118:1124 arg1 products 1133:1140 safe natural health products 1113:1140 safe natural health products 1113:1140 These results indicate that MPP may be useful for developing safe natural health products. 25226538 2 8 theme extraction 519:528 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time of 1.5 h 519:542 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 3 9 dep In 834:835 arg1 vitro 837:841 vitro 837:841 vitro 837:841 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 3 10 theme In 834:835 arg1 experiments 855:865 In vitro bioactivity experiments 834:865 In vitro bioactivity experiments 834:865 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 1 11 theme polysaccharides 283:297 arg1 activities 269:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 230:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP) 230:334 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 0 12 theme activities 94:103 arg1 evaluation 45:54 evaluation 45:54 evaluation 45:54 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 0 12 theme activities 94:103 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 0 12 theme activities 94:103 arg1 characterization 24:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 4 13 theme safe 1113:1116 arg1 products 1133:1140 safe natural health products 1113:1140 safe natural health products 1113:1140 These results indicate that MPP may be useful for developing safe natural health products. 25226538 2 14 theme 20 515:516 arg1 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 14 theme 20 515:516 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time of 1.5 h 519:542 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 14 theme 20 515:516 arg1 temperature 559:569 extraction temperature 548:569 extraction temperature 548:569 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 14 theme 20 515:516 arg1 methodology 456:466 response surface methodology 439:466 response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material 439:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 14 theme 20 515:516 arg1 design 428:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 15 theme Box-Behnken 403:413 arg1 design 428:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 16 theme experimental 415:426 arg1 design 428:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 0 17 theme polysaccharides 108:122 arg1 activities 94:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 59:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita 59:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 2 18 theme galacturonic 667:678 arg1 acid 680:683 galacturonic acid 667:683 galacturonic acid 667:683 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 1 19 theme preliminary 183:193 arg1 characterization 195:210 preliminary characterization 183:210 preliminary characterization 183:210 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 2 20 from ratio 481:485 arg1 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 20 from ratio 481:485 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time of 1.5 h 519:542 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 20 from ratio 481:485 arg1 temperature 559:569 extraction temperature 548:569 extraction temperature 548:569 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 20 from ratio 481:485 arg1 methodology 456:466 response surface methodology 439:466 response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material 439:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 20 from ratio 481:485 arg1 design 428:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 3 21 theme appreciative 1011:1022 arg1 action 1036:1041 an appreciative antioxidant action 1008:1041 an appreciative antioxidant action 1008:1041 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 3 22 contain possessed 931:939 arg2 action 959:964 potent inhibitory action 941:964 potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) 941:1001 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 3 22 contain possessed 931:939 arg1 MPP 879:881 MPP 879:881 MPP 879:881 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 3 23 theme antioxidant 1024:1034 arg1 action 1036:1041 an appreciative antioxidant action 1008:1041 an appreciative antioxidant action 1008:1041 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 2 24 theme major 756:760 arg1 fractions 762:770 two major fractions 752:770 its two major fractions 748:770 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 1 25 theme Mentha 314:319 arg1 piperita 321:328 Mentha piperita 314:328 Mentha piperita (MPP) 314:334 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 1 25 theme Mentha 314:319 arg1 MPP 331:333 MPP 331:333 MPP 331:333 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 2 26 theme h 542:542 arg1 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 26 theme h 542:542 arg1 time 530:533 extraction time 519:533 extraction time of 1.5 h 519:542 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 26 theme h 542:542 arg1 temperature 559:569 extraction temperature 548:569 extraction temperature 548:569 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 26 theme h 542:542 arg1 methodology 456:466 response surface methodology 439:466 response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material 439:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 26 theme h 542:542 arg1 design 428:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 Box-Behnken experimental design 403:433 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 27 theme glucuronic 650:659 arg1 acid 661:664 glucuronic acid 650:664 glucuronic acid 650:664 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 28 theme surface 448:454 arg1 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 28 theme surface 448:454 arg1 methodology 456:466 response surface methodology 439:466 response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material 439:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 0 29 theme preliminary 12:22 arg1 characterization 24:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 0 30 theme Mentha 129:134 arg1 piperita 136:143 Mentha piperita 129:143 Mentha piperita 129:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 2 31 theme response 439:446 arg1 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 RSM 469:471 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 31 theme response 439:446 arg1 methodology 456:466 response surface methodology 439:466 response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material 439:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 32 theme molecular 728:736 arg1 weight 738:743 the molecular weight 724:743 the molecular weight of its two major fractions 724:770 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 0 33 dep in 59:60 arg1 vitro 62:66 vitro 62:66 vitro 62:66 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 3 34 theme A549 916:919 arg1 cells 921:925 A549 cells 916:925 A549 cells 916:925 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 1 35 theme in 234:235 arg1 activities 269:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 230:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP) 230:334 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 0 36 theme in 59:60 arg1 activities 94:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 59:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita 59:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 3 37 theme cells 921:925 arg1 growth 906:911 the growth 902:911 the growth of A549 cells 902:925 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 2 38 theme extraction 548:557 arg1 temperature 559:569 extraction temperature 548:569 extraction temperature 548:569 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 4 39 theme health 1126:1131 arg1 products 1133:1140 safe natural health products 1113:1140 safe natural health products 1113:1140 These results indicate that MPP may be useful for developing safe natural health products. 25226538 1 40 dep in 234:235 arg1 vitro 237:241 vitro 237:241 vitro 237:241 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 3 41 theme potent 941:946 arg1 action 959:964 potent inhibitory action 941:964 potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) 941:1001 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 2 42 theme optimal 341:347 arg1 parameters 349:358 The optimal parameters 337:358 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP 337:384 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 1 43 theme antitumor 243:251 arg1 activities 269:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 230:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP) 230:334 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 25226538 0 44 theme antitumor 68:76 arg1 activities 94:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 59:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita 59:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 0 45 from activities 94:103 arg1 piperita 136:143 Mentha piperita 129:143 Mentha piperita 129:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 3 46 theme inhibitory 948:957 arg1 action 959:964 potent inhibitory action 941:964 potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) 941:1001 In vitro bioactivity experiments showed that MPP not only inhibited the growth of A549 cells but possessed potent inhibitory action against DNA topoisomerase I (topo I), and an appreciative antioxidant action as well. 25226538 2 47 theme fractions 762:770 arg1 weight 738:743 the molecular weight 724:743 the molecular weight of its two major fractions 724:770 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 0 48 from piperita 136:143 arg1 polysaccharides 108:122 polysaccharides 108:122 polysaccharides from Mentha piperita 108:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 0 48 from piperita 136:143 arg1 activities 94:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 59:103 in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita 59:143 Extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Mentha piperita. 25226538 2 49 theme raw 499:501 arg1 material 503:510 raw material 499:510 raw material 499:510 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 2 50 theme MPP 382:384 arg1 extraction 368:377 the extraction 364:377 the extraction of MPP 364:384 The optimal parameters for the extraction of MPP were obtained by Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) at the ratio of water to raw material of 20, extraction time of 1.5 h and extraction temperature at 80 °C. Chemical composition analysis showed that MPP was mainly composed of glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose, and the molecular weight of its two major fractions were estimated to be about 2.843 and 1.139 kDa, respectively. 25226538 1 51 theme antioxidant 257:267 arg1 activities 269:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities 230:278 the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP) 230:334 This study describes the extraction, preliminary characterization and evaluation of the in vitro antitumor and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted from Mentha piperita (MPP). 29120790 1 0 from tea 404:406 arg1 polysaccharides 369:383 the polysaccharides 365:383 the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS) 365:414 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 0 1 from tea 169:171 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 polysaccharides 134:148 polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea 134:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 0 1 from tea 169:171 arg1 microbiota 120:129 human intestinal microbiota 103:129 human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea 103:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 2 2 theme reducing 520:527 arg1 sugars 529:534 reducing sugars 520:534 reducing sugars 520:534 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 1 3 theme large 323:327 arg1 microbiota 340:349 large intestinal microbiota 323:349 large intestinal microbiota 323:349 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 2 4 theme gastric 571:577 arg1 digestion 600:608 simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion 561:608 simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion 561:608 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 4 theme gastric 571:577 arg1 saliva 553:558 saliva 553:558 saliva 553:558 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 1 5 theme intestinal 329:338 arg1 microbiota 340:349 large intestinal microbiota 323:349 large intestinal microbiota 323:349 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 3 6 used utilized 884:891 arg2 FBTPS 853:857 FBTPS 853:857 FBTPS 853:857 The content of carbohydrate was significantly decreased by fermentation in vitro of gut microbiota, suggesting that FBTPS could be broken down and utilized by gut microbiota. 29120790 1 7 theme simulated 251:259 arg1 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 1 7 theme simulated 251:259 arg1 conditions 290:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 2 8 theme monosaccharide 482:495 arg1 content 497:503 monosaccharide content 482:503 monosaccharide content 482:503 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 4 9 theme gut 980:982 arg1 microbiota 984:993 gut microbiota 980:993 gut microbiota 980:993 FBTPS could significantly modulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. 29120790 2 10 theme digestive 656:664 arg1 system 666:671 the digestive system 652:671 the digestive system 652:671 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 6 11 theme human 1143:1147 arg1 health 1149:1154 human health 1143:1154 human health 1143:1154 Therefore, FBTPS is expected to be a functional food to improve human health and prevent disease through promoting the gut health. 29120790 0 12 theme human 103:107 arg1 microbiota 120:129 human intestinal microbiota 103:129 human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea 103:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 2 13 theme intestinal 589:598 arg1 digestion 600:608 simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion 561:608 simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion 561:608 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 13 theme intestinal 589:598 arg1 saliva 553:558 saliva 553:558 saliva 553:558 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 14 theme large 713:717 arg1 intestine 719:727 the large intestine 709:727 the large intestine 709:727 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 1 15 theme gastric 261:267 arg1 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 1 15 theme gastric 261:267 arg1 conditions 290:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 2 16 from change 454:459 arg1 content 509:515 content 509:515 content 509:515 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 16 from change 454:459 arg1 weight 474:479 molecular weight 464:479 molecular weight 464:479 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 16 from change 454:459 arg1 content 497:503 monosaccharide content 482:503 monosaccharide content 482:503 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 17 theme sugars 529:534 arg1 content 509:515 content 509:515 content 509:515 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 17 theme sugars 529:534 arg1 weight 474:479 molecular weight 464:479 molecular weight 464:479 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 2 17 theme sugars 529:534 arg1 content 497:503 monosaccharide content 482:503 monosaccharide content 482:503 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 1 18 theme present 185:191 arg1 study 193:197 present study 185:197 present study 185:197 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 0 19 theme intestinal 109:118 arg1 microbiota 120:129 human intestinal microbiota 103:129 human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea 103:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 6 20 theme functional 1116:1125 arg1 FBTPS 1090:1094 FBTPS 1090:1094 FBTPS 1090:1094 Therefore, FBTPS is expected to be a functional food to improve human health and prevent disease through promoting the gut health. 29120790 6 20 theme functional 1116:1125 arg1 food 1127:1130 a functional food 1114:1130 a functional food to improve human health and prevent disease through promoting the gut health 1114:1207 Therefore, FBTPS is expected to be a functional food to improve human health and prevent disease through promoting the gut health. 29120790 1 21 theme study 193:197 arg1 aim 178:180 The aim 174:180 The aim of present study 174:197 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 0 22 theme gastric 34:40 arg1 conditions 63:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 1 23 theme intestinal 279:288 arg1 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 1 23 theme intestinal 279:288 arg1 conditions 290:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 0 24 theme polysaccharides 134:148 arg1 microbiota 120:129 human intestinal microbiota 103:129 human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea 103:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 1 25 dep digestivesystem 226:240 arg1 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 saliva 243:248 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 1 25 dep digestivesystem 226:240 arg1 conditions 290:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 251:299 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 3 26 theme gut 896:898 arg1 microbiota 900:909 gut microbiota 896:909 gut microbiota 896:909 The content of carbohydrate was significantly decreased by fermentation in vitro of gut microbiota, suggesting that FBTPS could be broken down and utilized by gut microbiota. 29120790 0 27 theme simulated 24:32 arg1 conditions 63:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 1 28 theme Fuzhuan 390:396 arg1 FBTPS 409:413 FBTPS 409:413 FBTPS 409:413 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 1 28 theme Fuzhuan 390:396 arg1 tea 404:406 Fuzhuan brick tea 390:406 Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS) 390:414 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 3 29 theme carbohydrate 752:763 arg1 content 741:747 The content 737:747 The content of carbohydrate 737:763 The content of carbohydrate was significantly decreased by fermentation in vitro of gut microbiota, suggesting that FBTPS could be broken down and utilized by gut microbiota. 29120790 0 30 theme Fuzhuan 155:161 arg1 tea 169:171 Fuzhuan brick tea 155:171 Fuzhuan brick tea 155:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 1 31 theme brick 398:402 arg1 FBTPS 409:413 FBTPS 409:413 FBTPS 409:413 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 1 31 theme brick 398:402 arg1 tea 404:406 Fuzhuan brick tea 390:406 Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS) 390:414 The aim of present study was to examine whether the digestivesystem (saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions) could break down and large intestinal microbiota could utilize the polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBTPS). 29120790 4 32 theme microbiota 984:993 arg1 composition 951:961 composition 951:961 composition 951:961 FBTPS could significantly modulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. 29120790 4 32 theme microbiota 984:993 arg1 abundance 967:975 abundance 967:975 abundance 967:975 FBTPS could significantly modulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. 29120790 6 33 theme gut 1198:1200 arg1 health 1202:1207 the gut health 1194:1207 the gut health 1194:1207 Therefore, FBTPS is expected to be a functional food to improve human health and prevent disease through promoting the gut health. 29120790 4 34 dep composition 951:961 arg1 the 947:949 the 947:949 the 947:949 FBTPS could significantly modulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. 29120790 5 35 theme short-chain 1025:1035 arg1 acids 1043:1047 short-chain fatty acids 1025:1047 short-chain fatty acids 1025:1047 Furthermore, the contents of short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased. 29120790 0 36 theme brick 163:167 arg1 tea 169:171 Fuzhuan brick tea 155:171 Fuzhuan brick tea 155:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 5 37 theme fatty 1037:1041 arg1 acids 1043:1047 short-chain fatty acids 1025:1047 short-chain fatty acids 1025:1047 Furthermore, the contents of short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased. 29120790 2 38 theme molecular 464:472 arg1 weight 474:479 molecular weight 464:479 molecular weight 464:479 The results showed that there was no change in molecular weight, monosaccharide content and content of reducing sugars before and after saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal digestion, indicating that FBTPS could pass through the digestive system without being broken down and reach the large intestine safely. 29120790 3 39 theme gut 821:823 arg1 microbiota 825:834 gut microbiota 821:834 gut microbiota 821:834 The content of carbohydrate was significantly decreased by fermentation in vitro of gut microbiota, suggesting that FBTPS could be broken down and utilized by gut microbiota. 29120790 5 40 theme acids 1043:1047 arg1 contents 1013:1020 the contents 1009:1020 the contents of short-chain fatty acids 1009:1047 Furthermore, the contents of short-chain fatty acids were significantly increased. 29120790 0 41 from microbiota 120:129 arg1 tea 169:171 Fuzhuan brick tea 155:171 Fuzhuan brick tea 155:171 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 29120790 0 42 theme intestinal 52:61 arg1 conditions 63:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions 24:72 Digestion under saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea. 26801963 10 0 theme molecular 977:985 arg1 distribution 994:1005 The molecular weight distribution 973:1005 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction 973:1029 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 2 1 theme gum 331:333 arg1 arabic 335:340 gum arabic 331:340 gum arabic 331:340 Some previous studies on BG have shown physicochemical characteristics and functional features similar to those of gum arabic. 26801963 9 2 theme molecular 954:962 arg1 weights 964:970 molecular weights 954:970 molecular weights 954:970 A third fraction consisted of protein species with a wide range of molecular weights. 26801963 13 3 theme several 1441:1447 arg1 fractions 1449:1457 several fractions 1441:1457 several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions 1441:1545 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 8 4 theme 1.92 × 10 869:877 arg1 kDa 882:884 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 869:884 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 869:884 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 8 5 theme kDa 882:884 arg1 mass 861:864 a molecular mass 849:864 a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 849:884 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 2 6 theme physicochemical 255:269 arg1 characteristics 271:285 physicochemical characteristics 255:285 physicochemical characteristics 255:285 Some previous studies on BG have shown physicochemical characteristics and functional features similar to those of gum arabic. 26801963 9 7 theme weights 964:970 arg1 range 945:949 a wide range 938:949 a wide range of molecular weights 938:970 A third fraction consisted of protein species with a wide range of molecular weights. 26801963 4 8 theme size 568:571 arg1 chromatography 583:596 size exclusion chromatography 568:596 size exclusion chromatography 568:596 In this sense, BG was fractionated using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and the obtained fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 13 9 theme polydisperse 1503:1514 arg1 weight 1526:1531 polydisperse molecular weight 1503:1531 polydisperse molecular weight 1503:1531 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 10 10 theme protein 1014:1020 arg1 fraction 1022:1029 the protein fraction 1010:1029 the protein fraction 1010:1029 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 11 11 theme elution 1096:1102 arg1 profiles 1104:1111 the elution profiles 1092:1111 the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions 1092:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 8 12 theme polysaccharides 790:804 arg1 complex 836:842 a polysaccharide-protein complex 811:842 a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 811:884 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 8 12 theme polysaccharides 790:804 arg1 % 781:781 16% 779:781 16% of the polysaccharides) 779:805 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 8 12 theme polysaccharides 790:804 arg1 polysaccharides 790:804 the polysaccharides) 786:805 the polysaccharides) 786:805 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 12 13 theme fraction 1302:1309 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 Further analysis 1270:1285 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE 1270:1321 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE showed proteins with molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66 kDa. 26801963 12 14 theme molecular 1344:1352 arg1 weight 1354:1359 molecular weight 1344:1359 molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66 kDa 1344:1386 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE showed proteins with molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66 kDa. 26801963 6 15 theme kDa 739:741 arg1 polysaccharides 685:699 the polysaccharides) 681:700 the polysaccharides) 681:700 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 6 15 theme kDa 739:741 arg1 polysaccharide 708:721 a polysaccharide 706:721 a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa 706:741 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 6 15 theme kDa 739:741 arg1 % 676:676 84% 674:676 84% of the polysaccharides) 674:700 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 13 16 dep CONCLUSIONS 1389:1399 arg1 showed 1414:1419 showed 1414:1419 showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions 1414:1545 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 1 17 theme praecox 157:163 arg1 tree 165:168 the Cercidium praecox tree 143:168 the Cercidium praecox tree 143:168 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 13 18 dep composition 1487:1497 arg1 distributions 1533:1545 distributions 1533:1545 distributions 1533:1545 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 14 19 theme Chemical 1566:1573 arg1 Industry 1575:1582 Chemical Industry 1566:1582 Chemical Industry 1566:1582 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 26801963 8 20 with complex 836:842 arg1 mass 861:864 a molecular mass 849:864 a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 849:884 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 0 21 dep gum 94:96 arg1 Brea 88:91 Brea 88:91 Brea 88:91 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 0 21 dep gum 94:96 arg1 characterization 49:64 molecular mass characterization 34:64 molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox 34:85 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 0 21 dep gum 94:96 arg1 fractionation 16:28 Chromatographic fractionation 0:28 Chromatographic fractionation 0:28 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 9 22 theme third 889:893 arg1 fraction 895:902 A third fraction 887:902 A third fraction 887:902 A third fraction consisted of protein species with a wide range of molecular weights. 26801963 1 23 theme Cercidium 147:155 arg1 tree 165:168 the Cercidium praecox tree 143:168 the Cercidium praecox tree 143:168 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 11 24 theme native 1251:1256 arg1 conditions 1258:1267 native conditions 1251:1267 native conditions 1251:1267 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 10 25 theme fraction 1022:1029 arg1 distribution 994:1005 The molecular weight distribution 973:1005 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction 973:1029 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 11 26 theme forming 1203:1209 arg1 aggregates 1211:1220 forming aggregates 1203:1220 forming aggregates 1203:1220 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 12 27 theme protein 1294:1300 arg1 fraction 1302:1309 the protein fraction 1290:1309 the protein fraction 1290:1309 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE showed proteins with molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66 kDa. 26801963 3 28 theme molecular 385:393 arg1 structure 395:403 the molecular structure 381:403 the molecular structure of BG to understand the functionality 381:441 However, there is a need to elucidate the molecular structure of BG to understand the functionality. 26801963 0 29 theme Chromatographic 0:14 arg1 Brea 88:91 Brea 88:91 Brea 88:91 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 0 29 theme Chromatographic 0:14 arg1 fractionation 16:28 Chromatographic fractionation 0:28 Chromatographic fractionation 0:28 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 5 30 theme fractions 623:631 arg1 Analysis 607:614 Analysis 607:614 RESULTS Analysis of the fractions 599:631 RESULTS Analysis of the fractions showed that the bulk of the gum (approx. 26801963 2 31 theme functional 291:300 arg1 features 302:309 functional features 291:309 functional features 291:309 Some previous studies on BG have shown physicochemical characteristics and functional features similar to those of gum arabic. 26801963 8 32 theme polysaccharide-protein 813:834 arg1 % 781:781 16% 779:781 16% of the polysaccharides) 779:805 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 8 32 theme polysaccharide-protein 813:834 arg1 complex 836:842 a polysaccharide-protein complex 811:842 a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 811:884 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 8 32 theme polysaccharide-protein 813:834 arg1 polysaccharides 790:804 the polysaccharides) 786:805 the polysaccharides) 786:805 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 0 33 theme molecular 34:42 arg1 characterization 49:64 molecular mass characterization 34:64 molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox 34:85 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 7 34 theme second 748:753 arg1 fraction 761:768 The second major fraction 744:768 The second major fraction ( 744:770 The second major fraction (approx. 26801963 6 35 theme 2.79 × 10 726:734 arg1 kDa 739:741 2.79 × 10(3) kDa 726:741 2.79 × 10(3) kDa 726:741 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 1 36 theme BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 BG 120:121 BG 120:121 BG 120:121 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 1 36 theme BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 gum 115:117 BACKGROUND Brea gum 99:117 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) 99:122 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 1 36 theme BACKGROUND 99:108 arg1 exudate 130:136 an exudate 127:136 an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina 127:213 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 6 37 dep kDa 739:741 arg1 3 736:736 3 736:736 3 736:736 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 6 38 theme polysaccharides 685:699 arg1 polysaccharides 685:699 the polysaccharides) 681:700 the polysaccharides) 681:700 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 6 38 theme polysaccharides 685:699 arg1 polysaccharide 708:721 a polysaccharide 706:721 a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa 706:741 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 6 38 theme polysaccharides 685:699 arg1 % 676:676 84% 674:676 84% of the polysaccharides) 674:700 84% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide of 2.79 × 10(3) kDa. 26801963 11 39 theme reducing 1143:1150 arg1 conditions 1152:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 1 40 theme Brea 110:113 arg1 BG 120:121 BG 120:121 BG 120:121 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 1 40 theme Brea 110:113 arg1 gum 115:117 BACKGROUND Brea gum 99:117 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) 99:122 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 1 40 theme Brea 110:113 arg1 exudate 130:136 an exudate 127:136 an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina 127:213 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 7 41 theme major 755:759 arg1 fraction 761:768 The second major fraction 744:768 The second major fraction ( 744:770 The second major fraction (approx. 26801963 4 42 theme obtained 532:539 arg1 fractions 541:549 the obtained fractions 528:549 the obtained fractions 528:549 In this sense, BG was fractionated using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and the obtained fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 12 43 theme Further 1270:1276 arg1 analysis 1278:1285 Further analysis 1270:1285 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE 1270:1321 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE showed proteins with molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66 kDa. 26801963 2 44 from studies 230:236 arg1 BG 241:242 BG 241:242 BG 241:242 Some previous studies on BG have shown physicochemical characteristics and functional features similar to those of gum arabic. 26801963 13 45 theme heterogeneous 1464:1476 arg1 composition 1487:1497 heterogeneous chemical composition 1464:1497 heterogeneous chemical composition 1464:1497 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 0 46 theme mass 44:47 arg1 characterization 49:64 molecular mass characterization 34:64 molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox 34:85 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 4 47 theme hydrophobic 485:495 arg1 chromatography 509:522 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 485:522 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 485:522 In this sense, BG was fractionated using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and the obtained fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 11 48 theme native 1132:1137 arg1 conditions 1152:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 5 49 dep showed 633:638 arg1 bulk 649:652 the bulk 645:652 the bulk of the gum (approx 645:671 RESULTS Analysis of the fractions showed that the bulk of the gum (approx. 26801963 8 50 theme molecular 851:859 arg1 mass 861:864 a molecular mass 849:864 a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa 849:884 16% of the polysaccharides) was a polysaccharide-protein complex with a molecular mass of 1.92 × 10(5) kDa. 26801963 1 51 theme semi-arid 184:192 arg1 regions 194:200 semi-arid regions 184:200 semi-arid regions of Argentina 184:213 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 0 52 theme Cercidium 69:77 arg1 praecox 79:85 Cercidium praecox 69:85 Cercidium praecox 69:85 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 12 53 dep 66 1381:1382 arg1 to 1378:1379 to 1378:1379 to 1378:1379 Further analysis of the protein fraction by SDS-PAGE showed proteins with molecular weight ranging from 6.5 to 66 kDa. 26801963 11 54 from aggregates 1211:1220 arg1 conditions 1258:1267 native conditions 1251:1267 native conditions 1251:1267 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 11 55 theme exudates 1120:1127 arg1 profiles 1104:1111 the elution profiles 1092:1111 the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions 1092:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 9 56 theme protein 917:923 arg1 species 925:931 protein species 917:931 protein species 917:931 A third fraction consisted of protein species with a wide range of molecular weights. 26801963 10 57 theme exclusion 1052:1060 arg1 chromatography 1062:1075 size exclusion chromatography 1047:1075 size exclusion chromatography 1047:1075 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 11 58 theme disulfide 1230:1238 arg1 bridges 1240:1246 disulfide bridges 1230:1246 disulfide bridges 1230:1246 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 10 59 theme size 1047:1050 arg1 chromatography 1062:1075 size exclusion chromatography 1047:1075 size exclusion chromatography 1047:1075 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 4 60 theme interaction 497:507 arg1 chromatography 509:522 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 485:522 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 485:522 In this sense, BG was fractionated using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and the obtained fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 5 61 theme gum 661:663 arg1 bulk 649:652 the bulk 645:652 the bulk of the gum (approx 645:671 RESULTS Analysis of the fractions showed that the bulk of the gum (approx. 26801963 13 62 theme chemical 1478:1485 arg1 composition 1487:1497 heterogeneous chemical composition 1464:1497 heterogeneous chemical composition 1464:1497 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 5 63 dep RESULTS 599:605 arg1 Analysis 607:614 Analysis 607:614 RESULTS Analysis of the fractions 599:631 RESULTS Analysis of the fractions showed that the bulk of the gum (approx. 26801963 11 64 from conditions 1152:1161 arg1 profiles 1104:1111 the elution profiles 1092:1111 the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions 1092:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 11 65 from profiles 1104:1111 arg1 conditions 1152:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 2 66 theme similar 311:317 arg1 characteristics 271:285 physicochemical characteristics 255:285 physicochemical characteristics 255:285 Some previous studies on BG have shown physicochemical characteristics and functional features similar to those of gum arabic. 26801963 11 67 from exudates 1120:1127 arg1 conditions 1152:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 native and reducing conditions 1132:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 26801963 4 68 theme exclusion 573:581 arg1 chromatography 583:596 size exclusion chromatography 568:596 size exclusion chromatography 568:596 In this sense, BG was fractionated using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and the obtained fractions were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 13 69 with fractions 1449:1457 arg1 weight 1526:1531 polydisperse molecular weight 1503:1531 polydisperse molecular weight 1503:1531 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 13 69 with fractions 1449:1457 arg1 composition 1487:1497 heterogeneous chemical composition 1464:1497 heterogeneous chemical composition 1464:1497 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 2 70 theme previous 221:228 arg1 studies 230:236 Some previous studies 216:236 Some previous studies on BG 216:242 Some previous studies on BG have shown physicochemical characteristics and functional features similar to those of gum arabic. 26801963 1 71 from tree 165:168 arg1 gum 115:117 BACKGROUND Brea gum 99:117 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) 99:122 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 1 71 from tree 165:168 arg1 exudate 130:136 an exudate 127:136 an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina 127:213 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 3 72 theme BG 408:409 arg1 structure 395:403 the molecular structure 381:403 the molecular structure of BG to understand the functionality 381:441 However, there is a need to elucidate the molecular structure of BG to understand the functionality. 26801963 1 73 theme Argentina 205:213 arg1 regions 194:200 semi-arid regions 184:200 semi-arid regions of Argentina 184:213 BACKGROUND Brea gum (BG) is an exudate from the Cercidium praecox tree that grows in semi-arid regions of Argentina. 26801963 0 74 theme praecox 79:85 arg1 Brea 88:91 Brea 88:91 Brea 88:91 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 0 74 theme praecox 79:85 arg1 characterization 49:64 molecular mass characterization 34:64 molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox 34:85 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 0 74 theme praecox 79:85 arg1 fractionation 16:28 Chromatographic fractionation 0:28 Chromatographic fractionation 0:28 Chromatographic fractionation and molecular mass characterization of Cercidium praecox (Brea) gum. 26801963 10 75 theme weight 987:992 arg1 distribution 994:1005 The molecular weight distribution 973:1005 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction 973:1029 The molecular weight distribution of the protein fraction was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. 26801963 9 76 theme wide 940:943 arg1 range 945:949 a wide range 938:949 a wide range of molecular weights 938:970 A third fraction consisted of protein species with a wide range of molecular weights. 26801963 13 77 theme molecular 1516:1524 arg1 weight 1526:1531 polydisperse molecular weight 1503:1531 polydisperse molecular weight 1503:1531 CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that BG consists of several fractions with heterogeneous chemical composition and polydisperse molecular weight distributions. 26801963 11 78 theme profiles 1104:1111 arg1 Comparison 1078:1087 Comparison 1078:1087 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions 1078:1161 Comparison of the elution profiles of the exudates in native and reducing conditions revealed that some of the proteins were forming aggregates through disulfide bridges in native conditions. 24411364 4 0 theme applied 573:579 arg1 dose 593:596 the applied irradiation dose 569:596 the applied irradiation dose 569:596 It was found that the applied irradiation dose and the chemical composition strongly influence the material properties of the resulting cryogels. 24411364 1 1 theme polymerizable 191:203 arg1 dextran 205:211 polymerizable dextran 191:211 polymerizable dextran 191:211 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 5 2 from matrices 844:851 arg1 procedures 876:885 tissue regeneration procedures 856:885 tissue regeneration procedures 856:885 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 1 3 theme dextran 205:211 arg1 reaction 179:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction 130:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 130:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 5 4 theme tissue 856:861 arg1 procedures 876:885 tissue regeneration procedures 856:885 tissue regeneration procedures 856:885 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 5 5 theme Preliminary 697:707 arg1 tests 722:726 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests 697:726 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests 697:726 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 4 6 theme cryogels 687:694 arg1 properties 659:668 the material properties 646:668 the material properties of the resulting cryogels 646:694 It was found that the applied irradiation dose and the chemical composition strongly influence the material properties of the resulting cryogels. 24411364 5 7 theme regeneration 863:874 arg1 procedures 876:885 tissue regeneration procedures 856:885 tissue regeneration procedures 856:885 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 5 8 theme fabricated 787:796 arg1 cryogels 798:805 the fabricated cryogels 783:805 the fabricated cryogels 783:805 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 5 9 theme cytotoxicity 709:720 arg1 tests 722:726 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests 697:726 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests 697:726 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 4 10 theme resulting 677:685 arg1 cryogels 687:694 the resulting cryogels 673:694 the resulting cryogels 673:694 It was found that the applied irradiation dose and the chemical composition strongly influence the material properties of the resulting cryogels. 24411364 2 11 theme porosity 330:337 arg1 materials 312:320 highly pure materials 300:320 highly pure materials of high porosity 300:337 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 2 11 theme porosity 330:337 arg1 advantage 251:259 a main advantage 244:259 a main advantage 244:259 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 1 12 theme novel 86:90 arg1 cryogels 118:125 novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels 86:125 novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels 86:125 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 1 13 theme hyaluronan 217:226 arg1 derivatives 228:238 hyaluronan derivatives 217:238 hyaluronan derivatives 217:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 0 14 theme polysaccharide-based 14:33 arg1 cryogels 35:42 Biocompatible polysaccharide-based cryogels 0:42 Biocompatible polysaccharide-based cryogels. 0:43 Biocompatible polysaccharide-based cryogels. 24411364 1 15 theme biocompatible 92:104 arg1 cryogels 118:125 novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels 86:125 novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels 86:125 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 1 16 theme derivatives 228:238 arg1 reaction 179:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction 130:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 130:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 0 17 theme Biocompatible 0:12 arg1 cryogels 35:42 Biocompatible polysaccharide-based cryogels 0:42 Biocompatible polysaccharide-based cryogels. 0:43 Biocompatible polysaccharide-based cryogels. 24411364 5 18 from excellent 743:751 arg1 vitro-cytocompatibility 756:778 vitro-cytocompatibility 756:778 vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels 756:805 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 1 19 theme macroporous 106:116 arg1 cryogels 118:125 novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels 86:125 novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels 86:125 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 3 20 theme mechanical 505:514 arg1 characteristics 516:530 characteristics 516:530 characteristics 516:530 The cryogels were characterized with regard to their morphology and their basic properties including thermal and mechanical characteristics, and swellability. 24411364 1 21 theme cryogels 118:125 arg1 development 71:81 the development 67:81 the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 67:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 2 22 theme additional 353:362 arg1 crosslinkers 364:375 additional crosslinkers 353:375 additional crosslinkers 353:375 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 4 23 theme material 650:657 arg1 properties 659:668 the material properties 646:668 the material properties of the resulting cryogels 646:694 It was found that the applied irradiation dose and the chemical composition strongly influence the material properties of the resulting cryogels. 24411364 3 24 theme thermal 493:499 arg1 characteristics 516:530 characteristics 516:530 characteristics 516:530 The cryogels were characterized with regard to their morphology and their basic properties including thermal and mechanical characteristics, and swellability. 24411364 4 25 theme chemical 606:613 arg1 composition 615:625 the chemical composition 602:625 the chemical composition 602:625 It was found that the applied irradiation dose and the chemical composition strongly influence the material properties of the resulting cryogels. 24411364 3 26 theme basic 466:470 arg1 characteristics 516:530 characteristics 516:530 characteristics 516:530 The cryogels were characterized with regard to their morphology and their basic properties including thermal and mechanical characteristics, and swellability. 24411364 3 26 theme basic 466:470 arg1 properties 472:481 their basic properties 460:481 their basic properties 460:481 The cryogels were characterized with regard to their morphology and their basic properties including thermal and mechanical characteristics, and swellability. 24411364 3 26 theme basic 466:470 arg1 swellability 537:548 swellability 537:548 swellability 537:548 The cryogels were characterized with regard to their morphology and their basic properties including thermal and mechanical characteristics, and swellability. 24411364 5 27 theme cryogels 798:805 arg1 vitro-cytocompatibility 756:778 vitro-cytocompatibility 756:778 vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels 756:805 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 2 28 theme straightforward 266:280 arg1 approach 282:289 this straightforward approach 261:289 this straightforward approach 261:289 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 1 29 theme electron-beam 130:142 arg1 reaction 179:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction 130:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 130:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 5 30 from vitro-cytocompatibility 756:778 arg1 excellent 743:751 excellent 743:751 excellent 743:751 Preliminary cytotoxicity tests illustrate the excellent in vitro-cytocompatibility of the fabricated cryogels making them especially attractive as matrices in tissue regeneration procedures. 24411364 1 31 theme assisted 144:151 arg1 reaction 179:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction 130:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 130:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 2 32 theme main 246:249 arg1 materials 312:320 highly pure materials 300:320 highly pure materials of high porosity 300:337 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 2 32 theme main 246:249 arg1 advantage 251:259 a main advantage 244:259 a main advantage 244:259 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 1 33 theme free-radical 153:164 arg1 reaction 179:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction 130:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 130:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 2 34 theme high 325:328 arg1 porosity 330:337 high porosity 325:337 high porosity 325:337 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 1 35 theme crosslinking 166:177 arg1 reaction 179:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction 130:186 electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives 130:238 This study focuses on the development of novel biocompatible macroporous cryogels by electron-beam assisted free-radical crosslinking reaction of polymerizable dextran and hyaluronan derivatives. 24411364 2 36 theme pure 307:310 arg1 materials 312:320 highly pure materials 300:320 highly pure materials of high porosity 300:337 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 2 36 theme pure 307:310 arg1 advantage 251:259 a main advantage 244:259 a main advantage 244:259 As a main advantage this straightforward approach provides highly pure materials of high porosity without using additional crosslinkers or initiators. 24411364 4 37 theme irradiation 581:591 arg1 dose 593:596 the applied irradiation dose 569:596 the applied irradiation dose 569:596 It was found that the applied irradiation dose and the chemical composition strongly influence the material properties of the resulting cryogels. 26135107 0 0 theme gut 90:92 arg1 microbiota 94:103 gut microbiota 90:103 gut microbiota 90:103 Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide rejuvenates mice in terms of immune responses and gut microbiota. 26135107 5 1 theme fruit 552:556 arg1 body 558:561 the fruit body 548:561 the fruit body of L. edodes 548:574 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 1 2 theme gut 165:167 arg1 microbiota 169:178 unbalanced gut microbiota 154:178 unbalanced gut microbiota 154:178 Aging is characterized by impaired immunity and unbalanced gut microbiota. 26135107 3 3 theme potential 346:354 arg1 prebiotics 356:365 potential prebiotics 346:365 potential prebiotics 346:365 Mushroom polysaccharides have been suggested to be potential prebiotics. 26135107 8 4 theme beneficial 1202:1211 arg1 effects 1213:1219 the beneficial effects 1198:1219 the beneficial effects of L2 on enhancing immunity and improving gut health 1198:1272 This suggests the beneficial effects of L2 on enhancing immunity and improving gut health. 26135107 6 5 theme cytokine 859:866 arg1 levels 868:873 cytokine levels 859:873 cytokine levels in peripheral blood 859:893 The results showed that L2 can restore the age-attenuated immune responses by increasing cytokine levels in peripheral blood. 26135107 5 6 theme fecal 650:654 arg1 microbiota 656:665 fecal microbiota 650:665 fecal microbiota 650:665 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 7 theme mice 607:610 arg1 response 590:597 the immune response 579:597 the immune response of aged mice 579:610 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 7 8 theme age-altered 932:942 arg1 composition 944:954 the age-altered composition 928:954 the age-altered composition of gut microbiota 928:972 Moreover, L2 can partly reverse the age-altered composition of gut microbiota. 26135107 0 9 theme microbiota 94:103 arg1 terms 60:64 terms 60:64 terms of immune responses and gut microbiota 60:103 Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide rejuvenates mice in terms of immune responses and gut microbiota. 26135107 5 10 theme microbiota 656:665 arg1 composition 635:645 the composition 631:645 the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 631:716 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 4 11 theme aged 429:432 arg1 mice 434:437 aged mice 429:437 aged mice 429:437 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 8 12 theme L2 1224:1225 arg1 effects 1213:1219 the beneficial effects 1198:1219 the beneficial effects of L2 on enhancing immunity and improving gut health 1198:1272 This suggests the beneficial effects of L2 on enhancing immunity and improving gut health. 26135107 5 13 dep adult 670:674 arg1 N 677:677 N 677:677 N 677:677 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 4 14 from gut 411:413 arg1 mice 434:437 aged mice 429:437 aged mice 429:437 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 5 15 theme heteropolysaccharide 510:529 arg1 L2 531:532 a heteropolysaccharide L2 508:532 a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes 508:574 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 16 theme pyrosequencing 744:757 arg1 technique 759:767 the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique 724:767 the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique 724:767 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 6 17 theme immune 828:833 arg1 responses 835:843 the age-attenuated immune responses 809:843 the age-attenuated immune responses 809:843 The results showed that L2 can restore the age-attenuated immune responses by increasing cytokine levels in peripheral blood. 26135107 5 18 theme old 704:706 arg1 mice 713:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 18 theme old 704:706 arg1 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 19 theme L2 531:532 arg1 effects 497:503 the effects 493:503 the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice 493:610 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 2 20 contain have 192:195 arg1 Prebiotics 181:190 Prebiotics 181:190 Prebiotics 181:190 Prebiotics have the capability to prevent or reverse age-related declines in health by modulating gut microbiota. 26135107 2 20 contain have 192:195 arg2 capability 201:210 the capability to prevent or reverse age-related declines in health by modulating gut microbiota 197:292 the capability to prevent or reverse age-related declines in health by modulating gut microbiota 197:292 Prebiotics have the capability to prevent or reverse age-related declines in health by modulating gut microbiota. 26135107 8 21 theme gut 1263:1265 arg1 health 1267:1272 gut health 1263:1272 gut health 1263:1272 This suggests the beneficial effects of L2 on enhancing immunity and improving gut health. 26135107 5 22 theme immune 583:588 arg1 response 590:597 the immune response 579:597 the immune response of aged mice 579:610 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 4 23 from immunity 398:405 arg1 mice 434:437 aged mice 429:437 aged mice 429:437 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 0 24 theme rejuvenates 40:50 arg1 mice 52:55 polysaccharide rejuvenates mice 25:55 polysaccharide rejuvenates mice 25:55 Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide rejuvenates mice in terms of immune responses and gut microbiota. 26135107 3 25 theme Mushroom 295:302 arg1 polysaccharides 304:318 Mushroom polysaccharides 295:318 Mushroom polysaccharides 295:318 Mushroom polysaccharides have been suggested to be potential prebiotics. 26135107 2 26 dep age-related 234:244 arg1 declines 246:253 declines 246:253 declines 246:253 Prebiotics have the capability to prevent or reverse age-related declines in health by modulating gut microbiota. 26135107 0 27 theme polysaccharide 25:38 arg1 mice 52:55 polysaccharide rejuvenates mice 25:55 polysaccharide rejuvenates mice 25:55 Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide rejuvenates mice in terms of immune responses and gut microbiota. 26135107 7 28 theme gut 959:961 arg1 microbiota 963:972 gut microbiota 959:972 gut microbiota 959:972 Moreover, L2 can partly reverse the age-altered composition of gut microbiota. 26135107 6 29 theme age-attenuated 813:826 arg1 responses 835:843 the age-attenuated immune responses 809:843 the age-attenuated immune responses 809:843 The results showed that L2 can restore the age-attenuated immune responses by increasing cytokine levels in peripheral blood. 26135107 5 30 theme old 681:683 arg1 mice 713:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 30 theme old 681:683 arg1 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 6 31 from levels 868:873 arg1 blood 889:893 peripheral blood 878:893 peripheral blood 878:893 The results showed that L2 can restore the age-attenuated immune responses by increasing cytokine levels in peripheral blood. 26135107 4 32 from effects 383:389 arg1 immunity 398:405 immunity 398:405 immunity 398:405 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 4 32 from effects 383:389 arg1 gut 411:413 gut 411:413 gut 411:413 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 5 33 from effects 497:503 arg1 response 590:597 the immune response 579:597 the immune response of aged mice 579:610 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 34 theme high-throughput 728:742 arg1 technique 759:767 the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique 724:767 the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique 724:767 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 35 from composition 635:645 arg1 mice 713:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 35 from composition 635:645 arg1 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 36 theme adult 670:674 arg1 mice 713:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice 670:716 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 36 theme adult 670:674 arg1 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 Oa 709:710 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 37 theme L. 566:567 arg1 edodes 569:574 L. edodes 566:574 L. edodes 566:574 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 38 dep old 681:683 arg1 O 686:686 O 686:686 O 686:686 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 2 39 theme gut 279:281 arg1 microbiota 283:292 gut microbiota 279:292 gut microbiota 279:292 Prebiotics have the capability to prevent or reverse age-related declines in health by modulating gut microbiota. 26135107 5 40 theme edodes 569:574 arg1 body 558:561 the fruit body 548:561 the fruit body of L. edodes 548:574 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 1 41 theme impaired 132:139 arg1 immunity 141:148 impaired immunity 132:148 impaired immunity 132:148 Aging is characterized by impaired immunity and unbalanced gut microbiota. 26135107 4 42 dep immunity 398:405 arg1 microbiota 415:424 microbiota 415:424 microbiota 415:424 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 4 42 dep immunity 398:405 arg1 the 394:396 the 394:396 the 394:396 However, their effects on the immunity and gut microbiota in aged mice have not been determined. 26135107 7 43 theme microbiota 963:972 arg1 composition 944:954 the age-altered composition 928:954 the age-altered composition of gut microbiota 928:972 Moreover, L2 can partly reverse the age-altered composition of gut microbiota. 26135107 0 44 theme responses 76:84 arg1 terms 60:64 terms 60:64 terms of immune responses and gut microbiota 60:103 Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide rejuvenates mice in terms of immune responses and gut microbiota. 26135107 0 45 theme immune 69:74 arg1 responses 76:84 immune responses 69:84 immune responses 69:84 Lentinula edodes-derived polysaccharide rejuvenates mice in terms of immune responses and gut microbiota. 26135107 6 46 theme peripheral 878:887 arg1 blood 889:893 peripheral blood 878:893 peripheral blood 878:893 The results showed that L2 can restore the age-attenuated immune responses by increasing cytokine levels in peripheral blood. 26135107 5 47 theme aged 602:605 arg1 mice 607:610 aged mice 602:610 aged mice 602:610 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 1 48 theme unbalanced 154:163 arg1 microbiota 169:178 unbalanced gut microbiota 154:178 unbalanced gut microbiota 154:178 Aging is characterized by impaired immunity and unbalanced gut microbiota. 26135107 5 49 attach isolated 534:541 arg2 L2 531:532 a heteropolysaccharide L2 508:532 a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes 508:574 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 26135107 5 49 attach isolated 534:541 arg1 body 558:561 the fruit body 548:561 the fruit body of L. edodes 548:574 This study firstly assessed the effects of a heteropolysaccharide L2 isolated from the fruit body of L. edodes on the immune response of aged mice, and then compared the composition of fecal microbiota in adult (N), old (O) and L2-treated old (Oa) mice using the high-throughput pyrosequencing technique. 28267499 0 0 theme CE2 73:75 arg1 esterase 84:91 a CE2 acetyl esterase 71:91 a CE2 acetyl esterase 71:91 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system catalyzed by a CE2 acetyl esterase. 28267499 6 1 theme polysaccharides 938:952 arg1 Acylation 925:933 Acylation 925:933 Acylation of polysaccharides 925:952 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 1 2 theme biodegradable 234:246 arg1 applications 181:192 applications 181:192 applications in numerous fields 181:211 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 1 2 theme biodegradable 234:246 arg1 compounds 260:268 biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds 216:268 biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds 216:268 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 2 3 from thermocellum 325:336 arg1 esterase 299:306 a CE2 acetyl esterase 286:306 a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum 286:336 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 2 3 from thermocellum 325:336 arg1 ability 275:281 The ability 271:281 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest 271:424 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 2 4 theme acyl 350:353 arg1 transfer 355:362 acyl transfer 350:362 acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest 350:424 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 1 5 theme amphiphilic 248:258 arg1 applications 181:192 applications 181:192 applications in numerous fields 181:211 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 1 5 theme amphiphilic 248:258 arg1 compounds 260:268 biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds 216:268 biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds 216:268 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 0 6 from Acylation 0:8 arg1 system 51:56 a biphasic system 40:56 a biphasic system 40:56 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system catalyzed by a CE2 acetyl esterase. 28267499 4 7 theme small 693:697 arg1 donors 710:715 small chain acyl donors 693:715 small chain acyl donors 693:715 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 0 8 theme acetyl 77:82 arg1 esterase 84:91 a CE2 acetyl esterase 71:91 a CE2 acetyl esterase 71:91 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system catalyzed by a CE2 acetyl esterase. 28267499 6 9 theme target 1189:1194 arg1 polysaccharide 1196:1209 the target polysaccharide 1185:1209 the target polysaccharide 1185:1209 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 3 10 theme O-6 586:588 arg1 position 590:597 O-6 position 586:597 O-6 position 586:597 Initially, screening tests were conducted on aldohexose monosaccharides and disaccharides, exploiting the enzyme's strict regioselectivity at O-6 position. 28267499 4 11 dep 58 780:781 arg1 to 777:778 to 777:778 to 777:778 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 4 11 dep 58 780:781 arg1 up 774:775 up 774:775 up 774:775 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 4 12 from % 782:782 arg1 yields 759:764 conversion yields 748:764 conversion yields from 23 up to 58% 748:782 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 3 13 theme strict 559:564 arg1 regioselectivity 566:581 the enzyme's strict regioselectivity 546:581 the enzyme's strict regioselectivity 546:581 Initially, screening tests were conducted on aldohexose monosaccharides and disaccharides, exploiting the enzyme's strict regioselectivity at O-6 position. 28267499 4 14 dep monoacylation 804:816 arg1 preference 790:799 preference 790:799 preference 790:799 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 2 15 theme significant 405:415 arg1 interest 417:424 significant interest 405:424 significant interest 405:424 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 4 16 theme acylation 634:642 arg1 yields 644:649 acylation yields 634:649 acylation yields from 11 up to 65% 634:667 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 6 17 from range 1069:1073 arg1 0.022 1093:1097 0.022 1093:1097 0.022 1093:1097 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 6 18 theme * 1120:1120 arg1 gpolysaccharide-1 1121:1137 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1102:1137 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1102:1137 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 5 19 theme transesterification 823:841 arg1 reactions 843:851 The transesterification reactions 819:851 The transesterification reactions 819:851 The transesterification reactions were carried out in two-phase mixtures consisted of water/vinyl esters. 28267499 6 20 theme 1.083mmolacylgroup 1102:1119 arg1 gpolysaccharide-1 1121:1137 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1102:1137 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1102:1137 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 6 21 theme polysaccharide 1196:1209 arg1 structure 1156:1164 structure 1156:1164 structure 1156:1164 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 6 21 theme polysaccharide 1196:1209 arg1 composition 1170:1180 composition 1170:1180 composition 1170:1180 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 4 22 theme acyl 705:708 arg1 donors 710:715 small chain acyl donors 693:715 small chain acyl donors 693:715 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 6 23 theme acylation 1007:1015 arg1 degree 997:1002 the degree 993:1002 the degree of acylation 993:1015 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 2 24 theme esterase 299:306 arg1 ability 275:281 The ability 271:281 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest 271:424 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 4 25 theme chain 699:703 arg1 donors 710:715 small chain acyl donors 693:715 small chain acyl donors 693:715 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 0 26 theme polysaccharides 21:35 arg1 Acylation 0:8 Acylation 0:8 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system 0:56 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system catalyzed by a CE2 acetyl esterase. 28267499 2 27 theme acetyl 292:297 arg1 esterase 299:306 a CE2 acetyl esterase 286:306 a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum 286:336 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 6 28 from 0.022 1093:1097 arg1 acylation 1078:1086 acylation 1078:1086 acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1078:1137 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 6 28 from 0.022 1093:1097 arg1 range 1069:1073 a range 1067:1073 a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1067:1137 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 6 29 theme acylation 1078:1086 arg1 range 1069:1073 a range 1067:1073 a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 1067:1137 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 0 30 theme soluble 13:19 arg1 polysaccharides 21:35 soluble polysaccharides 13:35 soluble polysaccharides 13:35 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system catalyzed by a CE2 acetyl esterase. 28267499 2 31 theme CE2 288:290 arg1 esterase 299:306 a CE2 acetyl esterase 286:306 a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum 286:336 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 3 32 theme aldohexose 489:498 arg1 monosaccharides 500:514 aldohexose monosaccharides 489:514 aldohexose monosaccharides 489:514 Initially, screening tests were conducted on aldohexose monosaccharides and disaccharides, exploiting the enzyme's strict regioselectivity at O-6 position. 28267499 4 33 theme Modified 600:607 arg1 monosaccharides 609:623 Modified monosaccharides 600:623 Modified monosaccharides 600:623 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 4 34 from % 667:667 arg1 yields 644:649 acylation yields 634:649 acylation yields from 11 up to 65% 634:667 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 5 35 theme two-phase 873:881 arg1 mixtures 883:890 two-phase mixtures 873:890 two-phase mixtures consisted of water/vinyl esters 873:922 The transesterification reactions were carried out in two-phase mixtures consisted of water/vinyl esters. 28267499 3 36 theme screening 455:463 arg1 tests 465:469 screening tests 455:469 screening tests 455:469 Initially, screening tests were conducted on aldohexose monosaccharides and disaccharides, exploiting the enzyme's strict regioselectivity at O-6 position. 28267499 5 37 theme water/vinyl 905:915 arg1 esters 917:922 water/vinyl esters 905:922 water/vinyl esters 905:922 The transesterification reactions were carried out in two-phase mixtures consisted of water/vinyl esters. 28267499 1 38 theme numerous 197:204 arg1 fields 206:211 numerous fields 197:211 numerous fields 197:211 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 4 39 theme conversion 748:757 arg1 yields 759:764 conversion yields 748:764 conversion yields from 23 up to 58% 748:782 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 0 40 theme biphasic 42:49 arg1 system 51:56 a biphasic system 40:56 a biphasic system 40:56 Acylation of soluble polysaccharides in a biphasic system catalyzed by a CE2 acetyl esterase. 28267499 4 41 dep 65 665:666 arg1 up 659:660 up 659:660 up 659:660 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 4 41 dep 65 665:666 arg1 to 662:663 to 662:663 to 662:663 Modified monosaccharides acquired acylation yields from 11 up to 65%, showing preference for small chain acyl donors, while disaccharides exhibited conversion yields from 23 up to 58%, with preference to monoacylation. 28267499 1 42 theme last 105:108 arg1 decade 110:115 the last decade 101:115 the last decade 101:115 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 2 43 from ability 275:281 arg1 thermocellum 325:336 Clostridium thermocellum 313:336 Clostridium thermocellum 313:336 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 6 44 dep structure 1156:1164 arg1 the 1152:1154 the 1152:1154 the 1152:1154 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 28267499 1 45 from applications 181:192 arg1 fields 206:211 numerous fields 197:211 numerous fields 197:211 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 2 46 theme interest 417:424 arg1 manno-polysaccharides 380:400 manno-polysaccharides 380:400 manno-polysaccharides 380:400 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 2 46 theme interest 417:424 arg1 β-glucan 367:374 β-glucan 367:374 β-glucan 367:374 The ability of a CE2 acetyl esterase from Clostridium thermocellum to catalyze acyl transfer to β-glucan and manno-polysaccharides of significant interest was investigated. 28267499 1 47 theme acylated 118:125 arg1 polysaccharides 127:141 acylated polysaccharides 118:141 acylated polysaccharides 118:141 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 1 48 theme biocompatible 216:228 arg1 applications 181:192 applications 181:192 applications in numerous fields 181:211 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 1 48 theme biocompatible 216:228 arg1 compounds 260:268 biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds 216:268 biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds 216:268 Within the last decade, acylated polysaccharides have drawn attention, since they find applications in numerous fields as biocompatible and biodegradable amphiphilic compounds. 28267499 6 49 theme indirect 1039:1046 arg1 method 1048:1053 an indirect method 1036:1053 an indirect method 1036:1053 Acylation of polysaccharides were confirmed by TLC and FT-IR, while the degree of acylation was determined via an indirect method, estimating a range of acylation from 0.022 to 1.083mmolacylgroup*gpolysaccharide-1 depending on the structure and composition of the target polysaccharide. 26572375 4 0 theme KCl 853:855 arg1 amount 830:835 large amount 824:835 large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl 824:855 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 0 theme KCl 853:855 arg1 mol/L 843:847 >0.1 mol/L 838:847 >0.1 mol/L 838:847 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 0 theme KCl 853:855 arg1 KCl 853:855 KCl 853:855 KCl 853:855 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 6 1 theme salt 1104:1107 arg1 type 1096:1099 the type 1092:1099 the type of salt and ionic strength 1092:1126 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 4 2 used used 860:863 arg2 KCl 853:855 KCl 853:855 KCl 853:855 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 2 used used 860:863 arg2 mol/L 843:847 >0.1 mol/L 838:847 >0.1 mol/L 838:847 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 2 used used 860:863 arg2 amount 830:835 large amount 824:835 large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl 824:855 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 2 3 theme chemical 365:372 arg1 composition 374:384 different chemical composition 355:384 different chemical composition 355:384 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 4 4 theme gel 784:786 arg1 separation 788:797 gel separation 784:797 gel separation from a liquid phase 784:817 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 1 5 theme gels 246:249 arg1 properties 209:218 the rheological properties 193:218 the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels 193:249 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 4 6 theme ionic 756:760 arg1 strength 762:769 ionic strength 756:769 ionic strength 756:769 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 2 7 theme different 355:363 arg1 composition 374:384 different chemical composition 355:384 different chemical composition 355:384 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 7 8 from break 1143:1147 arg1 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 7 8 from break 1143:1147 arg1 strain 1133:1138 The strain 1129:1138 The strain at break of KI gels 1129:1158 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 1 9 theme KCl 110:112 arg1 diagrams 120:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams 101:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) 101:170 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 2 10 theme mol 464:466 arg1 % 467:467 78 mol% 461:467 78 mol% of K 461:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 10 theme mol 464:466 arg1 I 489:489 I 489:489 I 489:489 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 10 theme mol 464:466 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 10 theme mol 464:466 arg1 K 472:472 K 472:472 K 472:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 10 theme mol 464:466 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 10 theme mol 464:466 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 7 11 theme gels 1236:1239 arg1 break 1223:1227 break 1223:1227 break of K+I gels 1223:1239 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 6 12 theme concentration 1000:1012 arg1 scaling 1014:1020 a concentration scaling 998:1020 a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength 998:1126 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 7 13 theme gels 1155:1158 arg1 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 7 13 theme gels 1155:1158 arg1 strain 1133:1138 The strain 1129:1138 The strain at break of KI gels 1129:1158 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 7 14 theme polysaccharide 1271:1284 arg1 concentrations 1286:1299 similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations 1254:1299 concentrations 1286:1299 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 8 15 theme K+I 1302:1304 arg1 gels 1306:1309 K+I gels 1302:1309 K+I gels in NaCl 1302:1317 K+I gels in NaCl are more fragile than in KCl, thus showing salt specificity. 26572375 4 16 theme polysaccharide 723:736 arg1 concentration 738:750 lower polysaccharide concentration 717:750 lower polysaccharide concentration 717:750 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 3 17 theme equivalent 601:610 arg1 compositions 621:632 equivalent chemical compositions 601:632 equivalent chemical compositions 601:632 Phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial K and I (K+I) showing equivalent chemical compositions. 26572375 4 18 theme lower 717:721 arg1 concentration 738:750 lower polysaccharide concentration 717:750 lower polysaccharide concentration 717:750 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 2 19 theme 52 424:425 arg1 mol 427:429 mol 427:429 mol 427:429 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 7 20 theme K+I 1232:1234 arg1 gels 1236:1239 K+I gels 1232:1239 K+I gels 1232:1239 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 3 21 theme chemical 612:619 arg1 compositions 621:632 equivalent chemical compositions 601:632 equivalent chemical compositions 601:632 Phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial K and I (K+I) showing equivalent chemical compositions. 26572375 7 22 theme similar 1254:1260 arg1 salt 1262:1265 similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations 1254:1299 salt 1262:1265 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 2 23 theme Chondrus 318:325 arg1 crispus 327:333 Chondrus crispus 318:333 Chondrus crispus 318:333 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 6 24 theme strength 1119:1126 arg1 type 1096:1099 the type 1092:1099 the type of salt and ionic strength 1092:1126 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 0 25 theme Phase 0:4 arg1 diagrams 6:13 Phase diagrams 0:13 Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans 0:36 Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus. 26572375 5 26 theme KI 905:906 arg1 gels 908:911 KI gels 905:911 KI gels formed under similar conditions 905:943 In contrast, no syneresis was found in KI gels formed under similar conditions. 26572375 1 27 theme NaCl 101:104 arg1 diagrams 120:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams 101:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) 101:170 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 2 28 theme 48 387:388 arg1 mol 390:392 mol 390:392 mol 390:392 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 0 29 theme hybrid 18:23 arg1 carrageenans 25:36 hybrid carrageenans 18:36 hybrid carrageenans 18:36 Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus. 26572375 2 30 theme 22 478:479 arg1 mol 481:483 mol 481:483 mol 481:483 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 7 31 theme salt 1174:1177 arg1 specificity 1179:1189 salt specificity 1174:1189 salt specificity 1174:1189 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 5 32 located found 896:900 arg2 syneresis 882:890 no syneresis 879:890 no syneresis 879:890 In contrast, no syneresis was found in KI gels formed under similar conditions. 26572375 5 32 located found 896:900 arg1 gels 908:911 KI gels 905:911 KI gels formed under similar conditions 905:943 In contrast, no syneresis was found in KI gels formed under similar conditions. 26572375 5 32 located found 896:900 arg1 contrast 869:876 contrast 869:876 contrast 869:876 In contrast, no syneresis was found in KI gels formed under similar conditions. 26572375 8 33 from fragile 1328:1334 arg1 KCl 1344:1346 KCl 1344:1346 KCl 1344:1346 K+I gels in NaCl are more fragile than in KCl, thus showing salt specificity. 26572375 6 34 with scaling 1014:1020 arg1 exponents 1045:1053 exponents 1045:1053 exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength 1045:1126 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 8 35 from KCl 1344:1346 arg1 fragile 1328:1334 fragile 1328:1334 fragile 1328:1334 K+I gels in NaCl are more fragile than in KCl, thus showing salt specificity. 26572375 0 36 dep devoniensis 67:77 arg1 crispus 92:98 crispus 92:98 crispus 92:98 Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus. 26572375 6 37 theme KI 951:952 arg1 gels 962:965 Both KI and K+I gels 946:965 Both KI and K+I gels 946:965 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 6 37 theme KI 951:952 arg1 hardening 978:986 strain hardening 971:986 strain hardening 971:986 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 % 393:393 48 mol% 387:393 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) 387:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 % 467:467 78 mol% 461:467 78 mol% of K 461:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 % 484:484 22 mol% 478:484 22 mol% 478:484 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 composition 374:384 different chemical composition 355:384 different chemical composition 355:384 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 I 453:453 I 453:453 I 453:453 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 I 489:489 I 489:489 I 489:489 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 K 472:472 K 472:472 K 472:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 % 430:430 52 mol% 424:430 52 mol% of iota carrageenan 424:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 38 theme carrageenan 440:450 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 % 393:393 48 mol% 387:393 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) 387:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 % 467:467 78 mol% 461:467 78 mol% of K 461:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 % 484:484 22 mol% 478:484 22 mol% 478:484 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 composition 374:384 different chemical composition 355:384 different chemical composition 355:384 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 I 453:453 I 453:453 I 453:453 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 I 489:489 I 489:489 I 489:489 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 K 472:472 K 472:472 K 472:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 % 430:430 52 mol% 424:430 52 mol% of iota carrageenan 424:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 39 theme K 472:472 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 % 393:393 48 mol% 387:393 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) 387:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 % 467:467 78 mol% 461:467 78 mol% of K 461:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 % 484:484 22 mol% 478:484 22 mol% 478:484 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 composition 374:384 different chemical composition 355:384 different chemical composition 355:384 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 I 453:453 I 453:453 I 453:453 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 I 489:489 I 489:489 I 489:489 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 K 472:472 K 472:472 K 472:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 % 430:430 52 mol% 424:430 52 mol% of iota carrageenan 424:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 40 theme carrageenan 404:414 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 4 41 theme form 704:707 arg1 gels 709:712 K and I. K+I form gels 691:712 K and I. K+I form gels 691:712 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 1 42 theme rheological 197:207 arg1 properties 209:218 the rheological properties 193:218 the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels 193:249 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 0 43 theme carrageenans 25:36 arg1 diagrams 6:13 Phase diagrams 0:13 Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans 0:36 Phase diagrams of hybrid carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus. 26572375 2 44 theme iota 435:438 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 3 45 theme Phase 506:510 arg1 diagrams 512:519 Phase diagrams 506:519 Phase diagrams 506:519 Phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial K and I (K+I) showing equivalent chemical compositions. 26572375 7 46 from break 1223:1227 arg1 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 7 46 from break 1223:1227 arg1 strain 1133:1138 The strain 1129:1138 The strain at break of KI gels 1129:1158 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 2 47 theme kappa 398:402 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 47 theme kappa 398:402 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 8 48 from gels 1306:1309 arg1 NaCl 1314:1317 NaCl 1314:1317 NaCl 1314:1317 K+I gels in NaCl are more fragile than in KCl, thus showing salt specificity. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 % 393:393 48 mol% 387:393 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) 387:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 % 467:467 78 mol% 461:467 78 mol% of K 461:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 % 484:484 22 mol% 478:484 22 mol% 478:484 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 composition 374:384 different chemical composition 355:384 different chemical composition 355:384 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 I 453:453 I 453:453 I 453:453 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 I 489:489 I 489:489 I 489:489 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 K 472:472 K 472:472 K 472:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 % 430:430 52 mol% 424:430 52 mol% of iota carrageenan 424:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 49 theme I 489:489 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 5 50 theme similar 926:932 arg1 conditions 934:943 similar conditions 926:943 similar conditions 926:943 In contrast, no syneresis was found in KI gels formed under similar conditions. 26572375 7 51 from KCl 1244:1246 arg1 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 similar 1198:1204 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 7 51 from KCl 1244:1246 arg1 strain 1133:1138 The strain 1129:1138 The strain at break of KI gels 1129:1158 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 1 52 theme phase 114:118 arg1 diagrams 120:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams 101:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) 101:170 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 4 53 theme liquid 806:811 arg1 phase 813:817 a liquid phase 804:817 a liquid phase 804:817 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 54 theme gels 709:712 arg1 mixtures 679:686 mixtures 679:686 mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels 679:712 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 2 55 dep Ahnfeltiopsis 288:300 arg1 devoniensis 302:312 Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis 288:312 Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis 288:312 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 55 dep Ahnfeltiopsis 288:300 arg1 seaweeds 335:342 seaweeds 335:342 seaweeds 335:342 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 6 56 theme ionic 1113:1117 arg1 strength 1119:1126 ionic strength 1113:1126 ionic strength 1113:1126 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 3 57 theme I 585:585 arg1 blends 558:563 blends 558:563 blends of commercial K and I (K+I) 558:591 Phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial K and I (K+I) showing equivalent chemical compositions. 26572375 4 58 theme K 691:691 arg1 gels 709:712 K and I. K+I form gels 691:712 K and I. K+I form gels 691:712 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 59 theme K+I 700:702 arg1 gels 709:712 K and I. K+I form gels 691:712 K and I. K+I form gels 691:712 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 6 60 theme K+I 958:960 arg1 gels 962:965 Both KI and K+I gels 946:965 Both KI and K+I gels 946:965 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 6 60 theme K+I 958:960 arg1 hardening 978:986 strain hardening 971:986 strain hardening 971:986 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 8 61 theme salt 1362:1365 arg1 specificity 1367:1377 salt specificity 1362:1377 salt specificity 1362:1377 K+I gels in NaCl are more fragile than in KCl, thus showing salt specificity. 26572375 2 62 theme mol 481:483 arg1 % 484:484 22 mol% 478:484 22 mol% 478:484 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 62 theme mol 481:483 arg1 I 489:489 I 489:489 I 489:489 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 62 theme mol 481:483 arg1 carrageenan 404:414 kappa carrageenan 398:414 kappa carrageenan (K) 398:418 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 62 theme mol 481:483 arg1 K 472:472 K 472:472 K 472:472 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 62 theme mol 481:483 arg1 K 417:417 K 417:417 K 417:417 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 2 62 theme mol 481:483 arg1 carrageenan 440:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 iota carrageenan 435:450 KI were extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis and Chondrus crispus seaweeds and showed different chemical composition, 48 mol% of kappa carrageenan (K) and 52 mol% of iota carrageenan (I), and 78 mol% of K and 22 mol% of I, respectively. 26572375 3 63 theme commercial 568:577 arg1 K 579:579 commercial K 568:579 commercial K 568:579 Phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial K and I (K+I) showing equivalent chemical compositions. 26572375 6 64 theme elasticity 1029:1038 arg1 scaling 1014:1020 a concentration scaling 998:1020 a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength 998:1126 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 4 65 from phase 813:817 arg1 separation 788:797 gel separation 784:797 gel separation from a liquid phase 784:817 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 7 66 from similar 1198:1204 arg1 KCl 1244:1246 KCl 1244:1246 KCl 1244:1246 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 1 67 theme obtained 223:230 arg1 solutions 232:240 obtained solutions 223:240 obtained solutions 223:240 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 6 68 dep 3.2 1075:1077 arg1 to 1072:1073 to 1072:1073 to 1072:1073 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 3 69 theme K 579:579 arg1 blends 558:563 blends 558:563 blends of commercial K and I (K+I) 558:591 Phase diagrams are systematically compared those of blends of commercial K and I (K+I) showing equivalent chemical compositions. 26572375 4 70 theme I. 697:698 arg1 K+I 700:702 I. K+I 697:702 I. K+I 697:702 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 1 71 theme kappa/iota-hybrid 136:152 arg1 carrageenans 154:165 two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans 132:165 two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) 132:170 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 1 71 theme kappa/iota-hybrid 136:152 arg1 KI 168:169 KI 168:169 KI 168:169 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 1 72 theme solutions 232:240 arg1 properties 209:218 the rheological properties 193:218 the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels 193:249 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 6 73 theme strain 971:976 arg1 gels 962:965 Both KI and K+I gels 946:965 Both KI and K+I gels 946:965 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 6 73 theme strain 971:976 arg1 hardening 978:986 strain hardening 971:986 strain hardening 971:986 Both KI and K+I gels are strain hardening, and show a concentration scaling of the elasticity with exponents ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 depending on the type of salt and ionic strength. 26572375 7 74 theme KI 1152:1153 arg1 gels 1155:1158 KI gels 1152:1158 KI gels 1152:1158 The strain at break of KI gels does not show salt specificity and is similar to the strain at break of K+I gels in KCl under similar salt and polysaccharide concentrations. 26572375 1 75 theme carrageenans 154:165 arg1 diagrams 120:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams 101:127 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) 101:170 NaCl and KCl phase diagrams of two kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenans (KI) are established, and the rheological properties of obtained solutions and gels are reported. 26572375 4 76 theme large 824:828 arg1 amount 830:835 large amount 824:835 large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl 824:855 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 76 theme large 824:828 arg1 mol/L 843:847 >0.1 mol/L 838:847 >0.1 mol/L 838:847 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 26572375 4 76 theme large 824:828 arg1 KCl 853:855 KCl 853:855 KCl 853:855 Results confirm that KI clearly differ from mixtures of K and I. K+I form gels at lower polysaccharide concentration and ionic strength, and exhibit gel separation from a liquid phase when large amount (>0.1 mol/L) of KCl is used. 25263911 0 0 theme chemometrics 87:98 arg1 methods 100:106 chemometrics methods 87:106 chemometrics methods 87:106 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 3 1 from oligosaccharides 470:485 arg1 hydrolyzates 494:505 the hydrolyzates 490:505 the hydrolyzates 490:505 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 6 2 theme Ganoderma 1032:1040 arg1 species 1021:1027 species 1021:1027 species 1021:1027 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 6 2 theme Ganoderma 1032:1040 arg1 parts 1012:1016 different parts 1002:1016 different parts 1002:1016 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 3 3 with derivatization 536:549 arg1 analysis 596:603 HPLC analysis 591:603 HPLC analysis 591:603 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 3 3 with derivatization 536:549 arg1 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 556:585 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 556:585 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone 556:585 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 0 4 from analysis 12:19 arg1 Ganoderma 55:63 different Ganoderma 45:63 different Ganoderma 45:63 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 7 5 theme products 1307:1314 arg1 identification 1239:1252 identification 1239:1252 identification 1239:1252 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 7 5 theme products 1307:1314 arg1 control 1266:1272 quality control 1258:1272 quality control 1258:1272 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 1 6 from characterization 162:177 arg1 Ganoderma 232:240 different Ganoderma 222:240 different Ganoderma 222:240 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 7 7 theme Ganoderma 1287:1295 arg1 identification 1239:1252 identification 1239:1252 identification 1239:1252 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 7 7 theme Ganoderma 1287:1295 arg1 control 1266:1272 quality control 1258:1272 quality control 1258:1272 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 4 8 theme fingerprint 804:814 arg1 profiles 816:823 standard fingerprint profiles 795:823 standard fingerprint profiles 795:823 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 3 9 theme related 657:663 arg1 information 645:655 unique fingerprint information 626:655 unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides 626:720 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 6 10 from parts 1075:1079 arg1 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains 981:1153 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 2 11 theme ultrasonic-assisted 365:383 arg1 condition 385:393 ultrasonic-assisted condition 365:393 ultrasonic-assisted condition 365:393 The polysaccharides were extracted under ultrasonic-assisted condition, and then partly hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid. 25263911 0 12 from Ganoderma 55:63 arg1 polysaccharides 24:38 polysaccharides 24:38 polysaccharides from different Ganoderma 24:63 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 0 12 from Ganoderma 55:63 arg1 analysis 12:19 Fingerprint analysis 0:19 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC 0:71 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 1 13 dep analysis 123:130 arg1 method 132:137 method 132:137 A fingerprint analysis method 109:137 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 4 14 theme standard 795:802 arg1 profiles 816:823 standard fingerprint profiles 795:823 standard fingerprint profiles 795:823 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 6 15 from strains 1147:1153 arg1 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains 981:1153 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 4 16 theme peak 727:730 arg1 data 732:735 The peak data 723:735 The peak data 723:735 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 3 17 from Monosaccharides 450:464 arg1 hydrolyzates 494:505 the hydrolyzates 490:505 the hydrolyzates 490:505 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 7 18 theme quality 1258:1264 arg1 control 1266:1272 quality control 1258:1272 quality control 1258:1272 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 6 19 theme different 1137:1145 arg1 strains 1147:1153 different strains 1137:1153 different strains 1137:1153 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 6 20 theme polysaccharides 1045:1059 arg1 species 1021:1027 species 1021:1027 species 1021:1027 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 6 20 theme polysaccharides 1045:1059 arg1 parts 1012:1016 different parts 1002:1016 different parts 1002:1016 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 1 21 theme polysaccharides 201:215 arg1 discrimination 183:196 discrimination 183:196 discrimination 183:196 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 1 21 theme polysaccharides 201:215 arg1 characterization 162:177 characterization 162:177 characterization 162:177 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 0 22 theme Fingerprint 0:10 arg1 analysis 12:19 Fingerprint analysis 0:19 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC 0:71 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 1 23 theme chemometrics 304:315 arg1 means 317:321 chemometrics means 304:321 chemometrics means 304:321 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 4 24 theme different 852:860 arg1 samples 862:868 different samples 852:868 different samples 852:868 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 6 25 theme different 1002:1010 arg1 parts 1012:1016 different parts 1002:1016 different parts 1002:1016 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 2 26 theme trifluoroacetic 428:442 arg1 acid 444:447 trifluoroacetic acid 428:447 trifluoroacetic acid 428:447 The polysaccharides were extracted under ultrasonic-assisted condition, and then partly hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid. 25263911 0 27 theme polysaccharides 24:38 arg1 analysis 12:19 Fingerprint analysis 0:19 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC 0:71 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 5 28 theme principal 951:959 arg1 analysis 971:978 principal component analysis 951:978 principal component analysis 951:978 Meanwhile, the data were further processed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 25263911 6 29 from regions 1126:1132 arg1 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains 981:1153 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 3 30 theme chemical 668:675 arg1 composition 677:687 chemical composition 668:687 chemical composition 668:687 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 7 31 theme different 1277:1285 arg1 Ganoderma 1287:1295 different Ganoderma 1277:1295 different Ganoderma 1277:1295 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 1 32 theme different 222:230 arg1 Ganoderma 232:240 different Ganoderma 222:240 different Ganoderma 222:240 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 6 33 from species 1021:1027 arg1 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains 981:1153 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 3 34 theme fingerprint 633:643 arg1 information 645:655 unique fingerprint information 626:655 unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides 626:720 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 1 35 theme fingerprint 111:121 arg1 analysis 123:130 A fingerprint analysis 109:130 A fingerprint analysis method 109:137 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 6 36 from parts 1012:1016 arg1 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides 981:995 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains 981:1153 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 0 37 theme different 45:53 arg1 Ganoderma 55:63 different Ganoderma 45:63 different Ganoderma 45:63 Fingerprint analysis of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by HPLC combined with chemometrics methods. 25263911 6 38 theme geographical 1113:1124 arg1 regions 1126:1132 different geographical regions 1103:1132 different geographical regions 1103:1132 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 3 39 theme pre-column 525:534 arg1 derivatization 536:549 pre-column derivatization 525:549 pre-column derivatization 525:549 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 2 40 dep extracted 349:357 arg1 hydrolyzed 412:421 hydrolyzed 412:421 hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid 412:447 The polysaccharides were extracted under ultrasonic-assisted condition, and then partly hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid. 25263911 6 41 theme different 1103:1111 arg1 regions 1126:1132 different geographical regions 1103:1132 different geographical regions 1103:1132 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 5 42 theme hierarchical 917:928 arg1 analysis 938:945 hierarchical cluster analysis 917:945 hierarchical cluster analysis 917:945 Meanwhile, the data were further processed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 25263911 5 43 theme component 961:969 arg1 analysis 971:978 principal component analysis 951:978 principal component analysis 951:978 Meanwhile, the data were further processed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 25263911 1 44 theme high 245:248 arg1 chromatography 269:282 high performance liquid chromatography 245:282 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means 245:321 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 1 44 theme high 245:248 arg1 HPLC 285:288 HPLC 285:288 HPLC 285:288 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 5 45 theme cluster 930:936 arg1 analysis 938:945 hierarchical cluster analysis 917:945 hierarchical cluster analysis 917:945 Meanwhile, the data were further processed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. 25263911 7 46 theme fingerprint 1193:1203 arg1 method 1214:1219 This fingerprint analysis method 1188:1219 This fingerprint analysis method 1188:1219 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 6 47 theme same 1070:1073 arg1 parts 1075:1079 the same parts 1066:1079 the same parts of Ganoderma 1066:1092 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 3 48 theme polysaccharides 706:720 arg1 composition 677:687 chemical composition 668:687 chemical composition 668:687 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 3 48 theme polysaccharides 706:720 arg1 structure 693:701 structure 693:701 structure 693:701 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 6 49 theme Ganoderma 1084:1092 arg1 parts 1075:1079 the same parts 1066:1079 the same parts of Ganoderma 1066:1092 Polysaccharides from different parts or species of Ganoderma or polysaccharides from the same parts of Ganoderma but from different geographical regions or different strains could be differentiated clearly. 25263911 7 50 theme analysis 1205:1212 arg1 method 1214:1219 This fingerprint analysis method 1188:1219 This fingerprint analysis method 1188:1219 This fingerprint analysis method can be applied to identification and quality control of different Ganoderma and their products. 25263911 1 51 from Ganoderma 232:240 arg1 polysaccharides 201:215 polysaccharides 201:215 polysaccharides from different Ganoderma 201:240 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 1 51 from Ganoderma 232:240 arg1 discrimination 183:196 discrimination 183:196 discrimination 183:196 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 1 51 from Ganoderma 232:240 arg1 characterization 162:177 characterization 162:177 characterization 162:177 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 4 52 theme samples 862:868 arg1 similarity 838:847 similarity 838:847 similarity of different samples 838:868 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 1 53 theme performance 250:260 arg1 chromatography 269:282 high performance liquid chromatography 245:282 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means 245:321 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 1 53 theme performance 250:260 arg1 HPLC 285:288 HPLC 285:288 HPLC 285:288 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 4 54 dep obtain 788:793 arg1 to 785:786 to 785:786 to 785:786 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 3 55 theme HPLC 591:594 arg1 analysis 596:603 HPLC analysis 591:603 HPLC analysis 591:603 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 25263911 1 56 theme liquid 262:267 arg1 chromatography 269:282 high performance liquid chromatography 245:282 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means 245:321 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 1 56 theme liquid 262:267 arg1 HPLC 285:288 HPLC 285:288 HPLC 285:288 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 4 57 theme professional 754:765 arg1 software 767:774 professional software 754:774 professional software 754:774 The peak data were imported to professional software in order to obtain standard fingerprint profiles and evaluate similarity of different samples. 25263911 1 58 from discrimination 183:196 arg1 Ganoderma 232:240 different Ganoderma 222:240 different Ganoderma 222:240 A fingerprint analysis method has been developed for characterization and discrimination of polysaccharides from different Ganoderma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with chemometrics means. 25263911 3 59 theme unique 626:631 arg1 information 645:655 unique fingerprint information 626:655 unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides 626:720 Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in the hydrolyzates were subjected to pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and HPLC analysis, which will generate unique fingerprint information related to chemical composition and structure of polysaccharides. 27474680 1 0 theme one-step 279:286 arg1 process 288:294 a simple one-step process 270:294 a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent 270:397 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 8 1 theme α-helix 1448:1454 arg1 content 1437:1443 the lowest content 1426:1443 the lowest content of α-helix 1426:1454 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 5 2 contain has 928:930 arg2 content 943:949 the lowest content 932:949 the lowest content 932:949 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 2 contain has 928:930 arg1 feather 920:926 feather 920:926 feather 920:926 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 3 theme lowest 936:941 arg1 content 943:949 the lowest content 932:949 the lowest content 932:949 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 12 4 theme wound 2067:2071 arg1 composites 2029:2038 these composites 2023:2038 these composites 2023:2038 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 12 4 theme wound 2067:2071 arg1 dressing 2073:2080 wound dressing 2067:2080 wound dressing 2067:2080 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 7 5 dep [CEL+wool 1223:1231 arg1 i.e. 1217:1220 i.e. 1217:1220 i.e. 1217:1220 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 9 6 theme highest 1547:1553 arg1 content 1563:1569 the highest α-helix content 1543:1569 the highest α-helix content 1543:1569 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 8 7 contain has 1422:1424 arg1 feather 1414:1420 feather 1414:1420 feather 1414:1420 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 8 7 contain has 1422:1424 arg2 content 1437:1443 the lowest content 1426:1443 the lowest content of α-helix 1426:1454 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 12 8 dep together 1890:1897 arg1 control 1955:1961 control 1955:1961 can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin 1951:1999 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 9 9 theme α-helix 1555:1561 arg1 content 1563:1569 the highest α-helix content 1543:1569 the highest α-helix content 1543:1569 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 5 10 theme α-helix 900:906 arg1 content 908:914 the highest α-helix content 888:914 the highest α-helix content 888:914 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 9 11 contain has 1539:1541 arg2 content 1563:1569 the highest α-helix content 1543:1569 the highest α-helix content 1543:1569 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 9 11 contain has 1539:1541 arg1 wool 1534:1537 wool 1534:1537 wool 1534:1537 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 6 12 theme mechanical 986:995 arg1 properties 1015:1024 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 986:1024 mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites 986:1042 These results correlate well with mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites. 27474680 8 13 contain has 1314:1316 arg1 CEL 1310:1312 CEL 1310:1312 CEL 1310:1312 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 8 13 contain has 1314:1316 arg2 structure 1330:1338 only random structure 1318:1338 only random structure 1318:1338 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 1 14 theme butylmethylimidazolium 305:326 arg1 solvent 391:397 the sole solvent 382:397 the sole solvent 382:397 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 14 theme butylmethylimidazolium 305:326 arg1 chloride 328:335 butylmethylimidazolium chloride 305:335 butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)) 305:350 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 14 theme butylmethylimidazolium 305:326 arg1 liquid 362:367 liquid 362:367 liquid 362:367 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 5 15 from differences 808:818 arg1 conformation 827:838 the conformation 823:838 the conformation of their corresponding composites 823:872 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 7 16 dep strength 1113:1120 arg1 [CEL+hair 1235:1243 [CEL+hair 1235:1243 [CEL+hair 1235:1243 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 9 17 contain has 1490:1492 arg1 composite 1480:1488 [CEL+wool] composite 1469:1488 [CEL+wool] composite 1469:1488 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 9 17 contain has 1490:1492 arg2 strength 1517:1524 the weakest mechanical strength 1494:1524 the weakest mechanical strength 1494:1524 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 8 18 theme random 1323:1328 arg1 structure 1330:1338 only random structure 1318:1338 only random structure 1318:1338 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 4 19 theme secondary 662:670 arg1 structure 672:680 its secondary structure 658:680 its secondary structure 658:680 KER retains some of its secondary structure in the composites. 27474680 8 20 theme strongest 1376:1384 arg1 property 1397:1404 the strongest mechanical property 1372:1404 the strongest mechanical property 1372:1404 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 11 21 theme antibacterial 1688:1700 arg1 due 1714:1716 due 1714:1716 due 1714:1716 The antibacterial property is due not to CEL but to the protein and strongly depends on the type of the keratin, namely, the bactericidal effect is strongest for feather and weakest for wool. 27474680 11 21 theme antibacterial 1688:1700 arg1 property 1702:1709 The antibacterial property 1684:1709 The antibacterial property 1684:1709 The antibacterial property is due not to CEL but to the protein and strongly depends on the type of the keratin, namely, the bactericidal effect is strongest for feather and weakest for wool. 27474680 1 22 theme chicken 220:226 arg1 sources 196:202 three different sources 180:202 three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) 180:235 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 22 theme chicken 220:226 arg1 feather 228:234 chicken feather 220:234 chicken feather 220:234 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 10 23 theme antibacterial 1601:1613 arg1 activity 1615:1622 antibacterial activity 1601:1622 antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 1601:1681 All three composites exhibit antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 27474680 11 24 theme keratin 1788:1794 arg1 type 1776:1779 the type 1772:1779 the type of the keratin, namely 1772:1802 The antibacterial property is due not to CEL but to the protein and strongly depends on the type of the keratin, namely, the bactericidal effect is strongest for feather and weakest for wool. 27474680 0 25 dep cellulose 73:81 arg1 feather 107:113 feather 107:113 feather 107:113 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 3 26 theme Spectroscopy 488:499 arg1 results 531:537 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results 488:537 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results 488:537 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results confirm that CEL and KER remain chemically intact and homogeneously distributed in the composites. 27474680 5 27 contain has 884:886 arg2 content 908:914 the highest α-helix content 888:914 the highest α-helix content 888:914 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 27 contain has 884:886 arg1 wool 879:882 wool 879:882 wool 879:882 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 7 28 theme different 1166:1174 arg1 sources 1176:1182 all three different sources 1156:1182 all three different sources 1156:1182 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 9 29 theme [CEL+wool 1469:1477 arg1 composite 1480:1488 [CEL+wool] composite 1469:1488 [CEL+wool] composite 1469:1488 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 5 30 from differences 726:736 arg1 feather 780:786 feather 780:786 feather 780:786 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 30 from differences 726:736 arg1 hair 771:774 hair 771:774 hair 771:774 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 30 from differences 726:736 arg1 structure 745:753 the structure 741:753 the structure of KER 741:760 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 30 from differences 726:736 arg1 wool 765:768 wool 765:768 wool 765:768 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 31 theme KER 758:760 arg1 structure 745:753 the structure 741:753 the structure of KER 741:760 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 12 32 theme [CEL+KER 1930:1937 arg1 composites 1940:1949 [CEL+KER] composites 1930:1949 [CEL+KER] composites 1930:1949 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 8 33 theme lowest 1430:1435 arg1 content 1437:1443 the lowest content 1426:1443 the lowest content of α-helix 1426:1454 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 1 34 dep sources 196:202 arg1 sources 196:202 three different sources 180:202 three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) 180:235 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 34 dep sources 196:202 arg1 hair 211:214 hair 211:214 hair 211:214 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 34 dep sources 196:202 arg1 feather 228:234 chicken feather 220:234 chicken feather 220:234 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 34 dep sources 196:202 arg1 wool 205:208 wool 205:208 wool 205:208 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 12 35 theme drug 1974:1977 arg1 release 1963:1969 release 1963:1969 release of drug such as ciprofloxacin 1963:1999 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 7 36 theme composites 1135:1144 arg1 hair 1191:1194 hair 1191:1194 hair 1191:1194 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 7 36 theme composites 1135:1144 arg1 feathers 1208:1215 chicken feathers 1200:1215 chicken feathers 1200:1215 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 7 36 theme composites 1135:1144 arg1 wool 1185:1188 wool 1185:1188 wool 1185:1188 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 7 36 theme composites 1135:1144 arg1 [CEL+feather 1250:1261 [CEL+feather 1250:1261 [CEL+feather 1250:1261 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 7 36 theme composites 1135:1144 arg1 strength 1113:1120 mechanical strength 1102:1120 mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources 1102:1182 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 11 37 theme bactericidal 1809:1820 arg1 strongest 1832:1840 strongest 1832:1840 strongest 1832:1840 The antibacterial property is due not to CEL but to the protein and strongly depends on the type of the keratin, namely, the bactericidal effect is strongest for feather and weakest for wool. 27474680 11 37 theme bactericidal 1809:1820 arg1 effect 1822:1827 the bactericidal effect 1805:1827 the bactericidal effect 1805:1827 The antibacterial property is due not to CEL but to the protein and strongly depends on the type of the keratin, namely, the bactericidal effect is strongest for feather and weakest for wool. 27474680 0 38 from cellulose 73:81 arg1 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 38 from cellulose 73:81 arg1 property 39:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 38 from cellulose 73:81 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 39 theme antimicrobial 25:37 arg1 property 39:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 1 40 dep chloride 328:335 arg1 BMIm 338:341 BMIm 338:341 BMIm 338:341 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 40 dep chloride 328:335 arg1 Cl 345:346 Cl 345:346 Cl 345:346 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 7 41 theme chicken 1200:1206 arg1 feathers 1208:1215 chicken feathers 1200:1215 chicken feathers 1200:1215 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 7 42 theme [CEL+KER 1125:1132 arg1 composites 1135:1144 [CEL+KER] composites 1125:1144 [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources 1125:1182 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 0 43 theme green 51:55 arg1 composites 57:66 green composites 51:66 green composites 51:66 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 1 44 from sources 196:202 arg1 composites 122:131 Novel composites 116:131 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) 116:235 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 5 45 theme highest 892:898 arg1 content 908:914 the highest α-helix content 888:914 the highest α-helix content 888:914 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 5 46 theme minor 720:724 arg1 differences 726:736 the minor differences 716:736 the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather 716:786 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 3 47 theme imaging 517:523 arg1 results 531:537 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results 488:537 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results 488:537 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results confirm that CEL and KER remain chemically intact and homogeneously distributed in the composites. 27474680 8 48 theme mechanical 1271:1280 arg1 strength 1282:1289 mechanical strength 1271:1289 mechanical strength 1271:1289 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 5 49 theme corresponding 849:861 arg1 composites 863:872 their corresponding composites 843:872 their corresponding composites 843:872 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 1 50 theme sole 386:389 arg1 solvent 391:397 the sole solvent 382:397 the sole solvent 382:397 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 50 theme sole 386:389 arg1 chloride 328:335 butylmethylimidazolium chloride 305:335 butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)) 305:350 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 51 used used 374:377 arg2 chloride 328:335 butylmethylimidazolium chloride 305:335 butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)) 305:350 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 51 used used 374:377 arg2 solvent 391:397 the sole solvent 382:397 the sole solvent 382:397 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 51 used used 374:377 arg2 liquid 362:367 liquid 362:367 liquid 362:367 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 6 52 theme antimicrobial 1001:1013 arg1 properties 1015:1024 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 986:1024 mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites 986:1042 These results correlate well with mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites. 27474680 9 53 theme mechanical 1506:1515 arg1 strength 1517:1524 the weakest mechanical strength 1494:1524 the weakest mechanical strength 1494:1524 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 0 54 from hair 90:93 arg1 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 54 from hair 90:93 arg1 property 39:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 54 from hair 90:93 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 9 55 theme weakest 1498:1504 arg1 strength 1517:1524 the weakest mechanical strength 1494:1524 the weakest mechanical strength 1494:1524 Conversely, [CEL+wool] composite has the weakest mechanical strength because wool has the highest α-helix content. 27474680 8 56 contain has 1355:1357 arg1 [CEL+feather 1341:1352 [CEL+feather] 1341:1353 [CEL+feather] 1341:1353 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 8 56 contain has 1355:1357 arg2 property 1397:1404 the strongest mechanical property 1372:1404 the strongest mechanical property 1372:1404 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 12 57 used used 2059:2062 arg2 dressing 2073:2080 wound dressing 2067:2080 wound dressing 2067:2080 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 12 57 used used 2059:2062 arg2 composites 2029:2038 these composites 2023:2038 these composites 2023:2038 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 7 58 theme mechanical 1102:1111 arg1 strength 1113:1120 mechanical strength 1102:1120 mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources 1102:1182 Specifically, adding CEL into KER substantially improves mechanical strength of [CEL+KER] composites made from all three different sources, wool, hair and chicken feathers i.e., [CEL+wool], [CEL+hair] and [CEL+feather]. 27474680 5 59 theme composites 863:872 arg1 conformation 827:838 the conformation 823:838 the conformation of their corresponding composites 823:872 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 12 60 theme previous 1908:1915 arg1 finding 1917:1923 our previous finding 1904:1923 our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites 1904:1949 These results together with our previous finding that [CEL+KER] composites can control release of drug such as ciprofloxacin clearly indicate that these composites can potentially be used as wound dressing. 27474680 1 61 theme Novel 116:120 arg1 composites 122:131 Novel composites 116:131 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) 116:235 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 62 theme different 186:194 arg1 sources 196:202 three different sources 180:202 three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) 180:235 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 62 theme different 186:194 arg1 hair 211:214 hair 211:214 hair 211:214 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 62 theme different 186:194 arg1 feather 228:234 chicken feather 220:234 chicken feather 220:234 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 1 62 theme different 186:194 arg1 wool 205:208 wool 205:208 wool 205:208 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 0 63 from wool 84:87 arg1 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 63 from wool 84:87 arg1 property 39:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 63 from wool 84:87 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 5 64 theme pronounced 797:806 arg1 differences 808:818 pronounced differences 797:818 pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites 797:872 Interestingly, the minor differences in the structure of KER in wool, hair and feather produced pronounced differences in the conformation of their corresponding composites with wool has the highest α-helix content and feather has the lowest content. 27474680 8 65 theme mechanical 1386:1395 arg1 property 1397:1404 the strongest mechanical property 1372:1404 the strongest mechanical property 1372:1404 Since mechanical strength is due to CEL, and CEL has only random structure, [CEL+feather] has, expectedly, the strongest mechanical property because feather has the lowest content of α-helix. 27474680 0 66 theme composites 57:66 arg1 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 66 theme composites 57:66 arg1 property 39:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 66 theme composites 57:66 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 1 67 theme simple 272:277 arg1 process 288:294 a simple one-step process 270:294 a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent 270:397 Novel composites between cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER) from three different sources (wool, hair and chicken feather) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-step process in which butylmethylimidazolium chloride (BMIm(+)Cl(-)), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent. 27474680 0 68 from chicken 99:105 arg1 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 structure 11:19 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 68 from chicken 99:105 arg1 property 39:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 antimicrobial property 25:46 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 0 68 from chicken 99:105 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis, structure and antimicrobial property of green composites from cellulose, wool, hair and chicken feather. 27474680 6 69 theme composites 1033:1042 arg1 properties 1015:1024 mechanical and antimicrobial properties 986:1024 mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites 986:1042 These results correlate well with mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the composites. 27474680 3 70 dep Spectroscopy 488:499 arg1 FTIR 502:505 FTIR 502:505 FTIR 502:505 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results confirm that CEL and KER remain chemically intact and homogeneously distributed in the composites. 27474680 3 70 dep Spectroscopy 488:499 arg1 XRD 508:510 XRD 508:510 XRD 508:510 Spectroscopy (FTIR, XRD) and imaging (SEM) results confirm that CEL and KER remain chemically intact and homogeneously distributed in the composites. 26836029 9 0 theme inducible 1299:1307 arg1 expression 1338:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 7 1 theme glucuronic 1031:1040 arg1 acid 1042:1045 glucuronic acid 1031:1045 glucuronic acid 1031:1045 RPS-1 and RPS-2 were mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, while RPS-3 was mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and glucose. 26836029 2 2 theme diethylaminoethyl 308:324 arg1 chromatography 343:356 diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography 308:356 diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography 308:356 Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. 26836029 4 3 theme immunomodulatory 534:549 arg1 activity 551:558 Their immunomodulatory activity 528:558 Their immunomodulatory activity 528:558 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 6 4 theme RPS-1 788:792 arg1 weights 777:783 the molecular weights 763:783 the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 763:810 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 6 4 theme RPS-1 788:792 arg1 600 817:819 600 817:819 600 817:819 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 9 5 theme synthase 1322:1329 arg1 expression 1338:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 6 theme oxide 1316:1320 arg1 expression 1338:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 11 7 theme okra 1597:1600 arg1 polysaccharides 1602:1616 okra polysaccharides 1597:1616 okra polysaccharides 1597:1616 These results indicate that okra polysaccharides may potentially serve as novel immunomodulators. 26836029 11 7 theme okra 1597:1600 arg1 immunomodulators 1649:1664 novel immunomodulators 1643:1664 novel immunomodulators 1643:1664 These results indicate that okra polysaccharides may potentially serve as novel immunomodulators. 26836029 5 8 theme normal 680:685 arg1 mice 733:736 normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice 680:736 normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice 680:736 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 1 9 dep Abelmoschus 112:122 arg1 L. 135:136 Abelmoschus esculentus L. 112:136 Abelmoschus esculentus L. 112:136 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 9 10 theme iNOS 1332:1335 arg1 expression 1338:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 5 11 dep In 620:621 arg1 vivo 623:626 vivo 623:626 vivo 623:626 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 9 12 theme TNF 1377:1379 arg1 -α 1381:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 8 13 theme spectrum 1075:1082 arg1 data 1084:1087 NMR spectrum data 1071:1087 NMR spectrum data 1071:1087 FT-IR and NMR spectrum data indicated a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide. 26836029 6 14 theme molecular 767:775 arg1 weights 777:783 the molecular weights 763:783 the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 763:810 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 6 14 theme molecular 767:775 arg1 600 817:819 600 817:819 600 817:819 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 3 15 theme resonance 489:497 arg1 spectra 505:511 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 472:511 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 472:511 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 2 16 theme -cellulose 332:341 arg1 chromatography 343:356 diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography 308:356 diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography 308:356 Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. 26836029 5 17 theme cyclophosphamide-induced 691:714 arg1 mice 733:736 normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice 680:736 normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice 680:736 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 7 18 theme galacturonic 1012:1023 arg1 acid 1025:1028 galacturonic acid 1012:1028 galacturonic acid 1012:1028 RPS-1 and RPS-2 were mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, while RPS-3 was mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and glucose. 26836029 9 19 theme interferon 1385:1394 arg1 -γ 1401:1402 interferon (IFN)-γ 1385:1402 interferon (IFN)-γ 1385:1402 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 2 20 theme RPS 248:250 arg1 fractions 235:243 Three purified fractions 220:243 Three purified fractions 220:243 Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. 26836029 3 21 theme infrared 413:420 arg1 spectra 459:465 infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra 413:465 infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra 413:465 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 9 22 theme IFN 1397:1399 arg1 -γ 1401:1402 interferon (IFN)-γ 1385:1402 interferon (IFN)-γ 1385:1402 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 23 theme RAW264.7 1240:1247 arg1 proliferation 1254:1266 RAW264.7 cell proliferation 1240:1266 RAW264.7 cell proliferation 1240:1266 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 24 theme interleukin 1409:1419 arg1 secretion 1429:1437 interleukin (IL)-10 secretion 1409:1437 interleukin (IL)-10 secretion 1409:1437 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 3 25 theme monosaccharide 384:397 arg1 compositions 399:410 monosaccharide compositions 384:410 monosaccharide compositions 384:410 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 0 26 theme In 0:1 arg1 Activity 38:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) 0:81 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 9 27 theme cell 1249:1252 arg1 proliferation 1254:1266 RAW264.7 cell proliferation 1240:1266 RAW264.7 cell proliferation 1240:1266 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 0 28 dep Abelmoschus 56:66 arg1 L. 79:80 Abelmoschus esculentus L. 56:80 Abelmoschus esculentus L. 56:80 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 0 29 theme In 13:14 arg1 Activity 38:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) 0:81 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 3 30 dep transform 431:439 arg1 infrared 441:448 infrared 441:448 transform infrared [FT-IR 431:455 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 9 31 dep fractions 1182:1190 arg1 fractions 1182:1190 its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 1169:1214 its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 1169:1214 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 31 dep fractions 1182:1190 arg1 RPS-2 1199:1203 RPS-2 1199:1203 RPS-2 1199:1203 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 31 dep fractions 1182:1190 arg1 RPS-3 1210:1214 RPS-3 1210:1214 RPS-3 1210:1214 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 31 dep fractions 1182:1190 arg1 RPS-1 1192:1196 RPS-1 1192:1196 RPS-1 1192:1196 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 4 32 theme cell 591:594 arg1 model 596:600 an in vitro cell model 579:600 an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells) 579:617 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 4 32 theme cell 591:594 arg1 cells 612:616 RAW264.7 cells 603:616 RAW264.7 cells 603:616 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 9 33 theme IL 1422:1423 arg1 secretion 1429:1437 interleukin (IL)-10 secretion 1409:1437 interleukin (IL)-10 secretion 1409:1437 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 5 34 theme RPS-2 657:661 arg1 activity 645:652 In vivo immunomodulatory activity 620:652 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 620:661 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 2 35 theme DEAE 327:330 arg1 chromatography 343:356 diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography 308:356 diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography 308:356 Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. 26836029 0 36 theme Immunomodulatory 21:36 arg1 Activity 38:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) 0:81 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 9 37 theme nitric 1269:1274 arg1 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 37 theme nitric 1269:1274 arg1 production 1287:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 38 theme factor 1369:1374 arg1 -α 1381:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 1 39 theme water 176:180 arg1 extraction 182:191 water extraction 176:191 water extraction 176:191 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 8 40 theme I 1120:1120 arg1 characteristic 1122:1135 a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic 1099:1135 a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide 1099:1153 FT-IR and NMR spectrum data indicated a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide. 26836029 9 41 theme oxide 1276:1280 arg1 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 41 theme oxide 1276:1280 arg1 production 1287:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 10 42 theme purified 1454:1461 arg1 RPS-2 1472:1476 The purified fraction RPS-2 1450:1476 The purified fraction RPS-2 1450:1476 The purified fraction RPS-2 also increased the spleen index, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vivo. 26836029 8 43 theme rhamnogalacturonan 1101:1118 arg1 characteristic 1122:1135 a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic 1099:1135 a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide 1099:1153 FT-IR and NMR spectrum data indicated a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide. 26836029 7 44 theme glucuronic 939:948 arg1 acid 950:953 glucuronic acid 939:953 glucuronic acid 939:953 RPS-1 and RPS-2 were mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, while RPS-3 was mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and glucose. 26836029 8 45 theme NMR 1071:1073 arg1 data 1084:1087 NMR spectrum data 1071:1087 NMR spectrum data 1071:1087 FT-IR and NMR spectrum data indicated a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide. 26836029 8 46 theme polysaccharide 1140:1153 arg1 characteristic 1122:1135 a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic 1099:1135 a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide 1099:1153 FT-IR and NMR spectrum data indicated a rhamnogalacturonan I characteristic of polysaccharide. 26836029 9 47 dep increased 1230:1238 arg1 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 47 dep increased 1230:1238 arg1 expression 1338:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 47 dep increased 1230:1238 arg1 -α 1381:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 47 dep increased 1230:1238 arg1 -γ 1401:1402 interferon (IFN)-γ 1385:1402 interferon (IFN)-γ 1385:1402 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 47 dep increased 1230:1238 arg1 secretion 1429:1437 interleukin (IL)-10 secretion 1409:1437 interleukin (IL)-10 secretion 1409:1437 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 47 dep increased 1230:1238 arg1 production 1287:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 5 48 theme In 620:621 arg1 activity 645:652 In vivo immunomodulatory activity 620:652 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 620:661 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 6 49 theme RPS-3 806:810 arg1 weights 777:783 the molecular weights 763:783 the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 763:810 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 6 49 theme RPS-3 806:810 arg1 600 817:819 600 817:819 600 817:819 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 10 50 theme cytokine 1541:1548 arg1 secretion 1550:1558 cytokine secretion 1541:1558 cytokine secretion 1541:1558 The purified fraction RPS-2 also increased the spleen index, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vivo. 26836029 1 51 theme Crude 100:104 arg1 Abelmoschus 112:122 Abelmoschus 112:122 Abelmoschus 112:122 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 1 51 theme Crude 100:104 arg1 okra 106:109 Crude okra 100:109 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) 100:158 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 3 52 theme molecular 365:373 arg1 weights 375:381 Their molecular weights 359:381 Their molecular weights 359:381 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 9 53 theme NO 1283:1284 arg1 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 P < .05 1440:1446 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 53 theme NO 1283:1284 arg1 production 1287:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 nitric oxide (NO) production 1269:1296 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 4 54 dep in 582:583 arg1 vitro 585:589 vitro 585:589 vitro 585:589 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 9 55 theme necrosis 1360:1367 arg1 -α 1381:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 1 56 theme okra 106:109 arg1 RPS 155:157 RPS 155:157 RPS 155:157 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 1 56 theme okra 106:109 arg1 polysaccharide 139:152 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide 100:152 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) 100:158 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 10 57 theme fraction 1463:1470 arg1 RPS-2 1472:1476 The purified fraction RPS-2 1450:1476 The purified fraction RPS-2 1450:1476 The purified fraction RPS-2 also increased the spleen index, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vivo. 26836029 5 58 theme immunomodulatory 628:643 arg1 activity 645:652 In vivo immunomodulatory activity 620:652 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 620:661 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 9 59 theme purified 1173:1180 arg1 fractions 1182:1190 its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 1169:1214 its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 1169:1214 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 59 theme purified 1173:1180 arg1 RPS-2 1199:1203 RPS-2 1199:1203 RPS-2 1199:1203 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 59 theme purified 1173:1180 arg1 RPS-3 1210:1214 RPS-3 1210:1214 RPS-3 1210:1214 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 9 59 theme purified 1173:1180 arg1 RPS-1 1192:1196 RPS-1 1192:1196 RPS-1 1192:1196 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 0 60 dep In 13:14 arg1 Vivo 16:19 Vivo 16:19 Vivo 16:19 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 11 61 theme novel 1643:1647 arg1 polysaccharides 1602:1616 okra polysaccharides 1597:1616 okra polysaccharides 1597:1616 These results indicate that okra polysaccharides may potentially serve as novel immunomodulators. 26836029 11 61 theme novel 1643:1647 arg1 immunomodulators 1649:1664 novel immunomodulators 1643:1664 novel immunomodulators 1643:1664 These results indicate that okra polysaccharides may potentially serve as novel immunomodulators. 26836029 3 62 dep spectra 459:465 arg1 transform 431:439 transform 431:439 transform infrared [FT-IR 431:455 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 6 63 theme RPS-2 795:799 arg1 weights 777:783 the molecular weights 763:783 the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 763:810 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 6 63 theme RPS-2 795:799 arg1 600 817:819 600 817:819 600 817:819 The results showed that the molecular weights of RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 were 600, 990, and 1300 kDa, respectively. 26836029 7 64 theme galacturonic 916:927 arg1 acid 929:932 galacturonic acid 916:932 galacturonic acid 916:932 RPS-1 and RPS-2 were mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid, while RPS-3 was mainly composed of galactose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and glucose. 26836029 10 65 theme splenocyte 1511:1520 arg1 proliferation 1522:1534 splenocyte proliferation 1511:1534 splenocyte proliferation 1511:1534 The purified fraction RPS-2 also increased the spleen index, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vivo. 26836029 1 66 theme alcohol 197:203 arg1 precipitation 205:217 alcohol precipitation 197:217 alcohol precipitation 197:217 Crude okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) polysaccharide (RPS) was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. 26836029 5 67 theme immunosuppressed 716:731 arg1 mice 733:736 normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice 680:736 normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice 680:736 In vivo immunomodulatory activity of RPS-2 was evaluated in normal and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. 26836029 10 68 theme spleen 1497:1502 arg1 index 1504:1508 the spleen index 1493:1508 the spleen index 1493:1508 The purified fraction RPS-2 also increased the spleen index, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in vivo. 26836029 2 69 theme purified 226:233 arg1 fractions 235:243 Three purified fractions 220:243 Three purified fractions 220:243 Three purified fractions of RPS, designated RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3, were fractioned by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography. 26836029 9 70 theme tumor 1354:1358 arg1 -α 1381:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 1354:1382 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 26836029 3 71 theme nuclear 472:478 arg1 NMR 500:502 NMR 500:502 NMR 500:502 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 3 71 theme nuclear 472:478 arg1 resonance 489:497 nuclear magnetic resonance 472:497 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 472:511 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 4 72 theme RAW264.7 603:610 arg1 model 596:600 an in vitro cell model 579:600 an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells) 579:617 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 4 72 theme RAW264.7 603:610 arg1 cells 612:616 RAW264.7 cells 603:616 RAW264.7 cells 603:616 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 4 73 theme in 582:583 arg1 model 596:600 an in vitro cell model 579:600 an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells) 579:617 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 4 73 theme in 582:583 arg1 cells 612:616 RAW264.7 cells 603:616 RAW264.7 cells 603:616 Their immunomodulatory activity was evaluated with an in vitro cell model (RAW264.7 cells). 26836029 0 74 theme Okra 50:53 arg1 Activity 38:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity 0:45 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) 0:81 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 0 75 dep In 0:1 arg1 Vitro 3:7 Vitro 3:7 Vitro 3:7 In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Polysaccharides. 26836029 3 76 theme magnetic 480:487 arg1 NMR 500:502 NMR 500:502 NMR 500:502 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 3 76 theme magnetic 480:487 arg1 resonance 489:497 nuclear magnetic resonance 472:497 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra 472:511 Their molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, infrared (Fourier transform infrared [FT-IR]) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed. 26836029 9 77 theme nitric 1309:1314 arg1 expression 1338:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression 1299:1347 Both RPS and its purified fractions RPS-1, RPS-2, and RPS-3 significantly increased RAW264.7 cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion (P < .05). 25236610 4 0 theme In 612:613 arg1 assays 621:626 In vitro assays 612:626 In vitro assays 612:626 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 dismutase 883:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 860:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) 860:903 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 activities 810:819 antioxidant enzyme activities 791:819 antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) 791:988 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 dismutase 927:935 manganese superoxide dismutase 906:935 manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) 906:944 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 dismutase 849:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 peroxidase 959:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 catalase 974:981 catalase 974:981 catalase (CAT) 974:987 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 1 theme radicals 1049:1056 arg1 capacities 994:1003 capacities 994:1003 capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals 994:1056 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 2 theme expressions 1160:1170 arg1 formation 1095:1103 lipid peroxidation formation 1076:1103 lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1076:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 0 3 theme officinalis 88:98 arg1 Kuan 100:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 5 4 theme copper-zinc 860:870 arg1 dismutase 883:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 860:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) 860:903 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 4 theme copper-zinc 860:870 arg1 Cu 894:895 Cu 894:895 Cu 894:895 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 5 theme glutathione 1199:1209 arg1 Cu 1175:1176 Cu 1175:1176 Cu 1175:1176 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 5 theme glutathione 1199:1209 arg1 peroxidase 1211:1220 glutathione peroxidase 1 1199:1222 glutathione peroxidase 1 1199:1222 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 1 6 theme monosaccharide 257:270 arg1 composition 272:282 monosaccharide composition 257:282 monosaccharide composition 257:282 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 0 7 from Characterization 0:15 arg1 Kuan 100:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 3 8 theme galactose 513:521 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 6 9 theme novel 1374:1378 arg1 source 1390:1395 a novel promising source 1372:1395 a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs 1372:1439 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 6 9 theme novel 1374:1378 arg1 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 5 10 theme Cu 1175:1176 arg1 expressions 1160:1170 significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions 1128:1170 significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1128:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 10 theme Cu 1175:1176 arg1 malondialdehyde 1108:1122 malondialdehyde 1108:1122 malondialdehyde 1108:1122 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 4 11 theme scavenging 664:673 arg1 activities 675:684 potent scavenging activities 657:684 potent scavenging activities 657:684 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 dismutase 883:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 860:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) 860:903 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 activities 810:819 antioxidant enzyme activities 791:819 antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) 791:988 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 dismutase 927:935 manganese superoxide dismutase 906:935 manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) 906:944 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 dismutase 849:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 peroxidase 959:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 catalase 974:981 catalase 974:981 catalase (CAT) 974:987 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 12 theme anion 1030:1034 arg1 capacities 994:1003 capacities 994:1003 capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals 994:1056 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 13 dep Cu 894:895 arg1 Zn-SOD 897:902 Zn-SOD 897:902 Zn-SOD 897:902 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 14 theme superoxide 916:925 arg1 Mn-SOD 938:943 Mn-SOD 938:943 Mn-SOD 938:943 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 14 theme superoxide 916:925 arg1 dismutase 927:935 manganese superoxide dismutase 906:935 manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) 906:944 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 4 15 contain possessed 647:655 arg1 RSRC 642:645 RSRC 642:645 RSRC 642:645 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 4 15 contain possessed 647:655 arg2 activities 675:684 potent scavenging activities 657:684 potent scavenging activities 657:684 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 3 16 theme rhamnose 503:510 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 17 theme hydroxyl 1040:1047 arg1 radicals 1049:1056 scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals 1008:1056 radicals 1049:1056 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 18 theme d-galactose-induced 1263:1281 arg1 model 1295:1299 a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1261:1299 a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1261:1299 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 19 theme Oral 740:743 arg1 administration 745:758 Oral administration 740:758 Oral administration of PSRC 740:766 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 20 theme mRNA 1155:1158 arg1 expressions 1160:1170 significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions 1128:1170 significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1128:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 6 21 used used 1364:1367 arg2 source 1390:1395 a novel promising source 1372:1395 a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs 1372:1439 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 6 21 used used 1364:1367 arg2 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 3 22 theme arabinose 537:545 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 23 theme aging 1283:1287 arg1 model 1295:1299 a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1261:1299 a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1261:1299 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 1 24 theme antioxidant 288:298 arg1 activities 300:309 antioxidant activities 288:309 antioxidant activities 288:309 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 4 25 theme potent 657:662 arg1 activities 675:684 potent scavenging activities 657:684 potent scavenging activities 657:684 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 1 26 theme Radix 189:193 arg1 Kuan 217:220 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 189:220 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 189:220 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 3 27 dep glucose 443:449 arg1 % 470:470 relative mass 48.8% 452:470 relative mass 48.8% 452:470 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 3 27 dep glucose 443:449 arg1 % 594:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 1 28 theme water-soluble 108:120 arg1 PSRC 138:141 PSRC 138:141 PSRC 138:141 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 1 28 theme water-soluble 108:120 arg1 polysaccharide 122:135 A water-soluble polysaccharide 106:135 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) 106:142 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 6 29 theme promising 1380:1388 arg1 source 1390:1395 a novel promising source 1372:1395 a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs 1372:1439 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 6 29 theme promising 1380:1388 arg1 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 3 30 theme mass 461:464 arg1 % 470:470 relative mass 48.8% 452:470 relative mass 48.8% 452:470 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 0 31 theme antioxidant 21:31 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 5 32 theme up-regulated 1142:1153 arg1 expressions 1160:1170 significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions 1128:1170 significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1128:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 4 33 dep In 612:613 arg1 vitro 615:619 vitro 615:619 vitro 615:619 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 0 34 from Kuan 100:103 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 0 34 from Kuan 100:103 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 0 34 from Kuan 100:103 arg1 polysaccharides 51:65 the polysaccharides 47:65 the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 47:103 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 6 35 theme drugs 1435:1439 arg1 source 1390:1395 a novel promising source 1372:1395 a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs 1372:1439 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 6 35 theme drugs 1435:1439 arg1 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 1 36 theme officinalis 205:215 arg1 Kuan 217:220 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 189:220 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 189:220 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 3 37 theme monosaccharide 405:418 arg1 components 420:429 monosaccharide components 405:429 monosaccharide components of PSRC 405:437 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 38 theme manganese 906:914 arg1 Mn-SOD 938:943 Mn-SOD 938:943 Mn-SOD 938:943 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 38 theme manganese 906:914 arg1 dismutase 927:935 manganese superoxide dismutase 906:935 manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) 906:944 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 39 theme antioxidant 791:801 arg1 dismutase 883:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 860:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) 860:903 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 39 theme antioxidant 791:801 arg1 dismutase 927:935 manganese superoxide dismutase 906:935 manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) 906:944 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 39 theme antioxidant 791:801 arg1 dismutase 849:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 39 theme antioxidant 791:801 arg1 peroxidase 959:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 39 theme antioxidant 791:801 arg1 catalase 974:981 catalase 974:981 catalase (CAT) 974:987 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 39 theme antioxidant 791:801 arg1 activities 810:819 antioxidant enzyme activities 791:819 antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) 791:988 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 3 40 theme of 562:563 arg1 % 594:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 3 41 theme PSRC 434:437 arg1 components 420:429 monosaccharide components 405:429 monosaccharide components of PSRC 405:437 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 1 42 theme Kuan 217:220 arg1 roots 180:184 the roots 176:184 the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 176:220 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 3 43 theme components 420:429 arg1 glucose 443:449 glucose 443:449 glucose 443:449 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 3 43 theme components 420:429 arg1 majority 393:400 The majority 389:400 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC 389:437 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 44 theme peroxidation 1082:1093 arg1 formation 1095:1103 lipid peroxidation formation 1076:1103 lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1076:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 45 theme scavenging 1008:1017 arg1 anion 1030:1034 scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals 1008:1056 anion 1030:1034 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 1 46 dep Radix 189:193 arg1 Cyathulae 195:203 Cyathulae 195:203 Cyathulae 195:203 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 3 47 theme relative 452:459 arg1 % 470:470 relative mass 48.8% 452:470 relative mass 48.8% 452:470 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 48 theme superoxide 838:847 arg1 dismutase 849:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 49 theme PSRC 763:766 arg1 administration 745:758 Oral administration 740:758 Oral administration of PSRC 740:766 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 50 theme superoxide 1019:1028 arg1 anion 1030:1034 scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals 1008:1056 anion 1030:1034 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 3 51 theme relative 548:555 arg1 % 594:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 52 theme superoxide 872:881 arg1 dismutase 883:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 860:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) 860:903 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 52 theme superoxide 872:881 arg1 Cu 894:895 Cu 894:895 Cu 894:895 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 0 53 theme polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 0 53 theme polysaccharides 51:65 arg1 activities 33:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 antioxidant activities 21:42 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 3 54 theme mass 557:560 arg1 % 594:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5% 548:594 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 3 55 theme lower 478:482 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 6 56 theme antiaging 1425:1433 arg1 drugs 1435:1439 antiaging drugs 1425:1439 antiaging drugs 1425:1439 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 5 57 theme malondialdehyde 1108:1122 arg1 formation 1095:1103 lipid peroxidation formation 1076:1103 lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1076:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 58 theme total 832:836 arg1 dismutase 849:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 4 59 theme anion 724:728 arg1 radicals 730:737 superoxide anion radicals 713:737 superoxide anion radicals 713:737 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 2 60 theme weight 356:361 arg1 average 335:341 The average 331:341 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC 331:374 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC was 182 kDa. 25236610 2 60 theme weight 356:361 arg1 kDa 384:386 182 kDa 380:386 182 kDa 380:386 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC was 182 kDa. 25236610 3 61 theme fructose 524:531 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 3 62 with glucose 443:449 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 5 63 dep enhanced 782:789 arg1 lowered 1068:1074 lowered 1068:1074 lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1068:1299 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 4 64 theme superoxide 713:722 arg1 radicals 730:737 superoxide anion radicals 713:737 superoxide anion radicals 713:737 In vitro assays revealed that RSRC possessed potent scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. 25236610 5 65 theme mouse 1289:1293 arg1 model 1295:1299 a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1261:1299 a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model 1261:1299 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 2 66 theme molecular 346:354 arg1 Mw 364:365 Mw 364:365 Mw 364:365 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC was 182 kDa. 25236610 2 66 theme molecular 346:354 arg1 weight 356:361 molecular weight 346:361 molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC 346:374 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC was 182 kDa. 25236610 6 67 theme antioxidants 1408:1419 arg1 source 1390:1395 a novel promising source 1372:1395 a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs 1372:1439 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 6 67 theme antioxidants 1408:1419 arg1 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 PSRC 1350:1353 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 0 68 theme Cyathulae 78:86 arg1 Kuan 100:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 5 69 theme enzyme 803:808 arg1 dismutase 883:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 860:891 copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) 860:903 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 69 theme enzyme 803:808 arg1 dismutase 927:935 manganese superoxide dismutase 906:935 manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) 906:944 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 69 theme enzyme 803:808 arg1 dismutase 849:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 total superoxide dismutase 832:857 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 69 theme enzyme 803:808 arg1 peroxidase 959:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 69 theme enzyme 803:808 arg1 catalase 974:981 catalase 974:981 catalase (CAT) 974:987 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 69 theme enzyme 803:808 arg1 activities 810:819 antioxidant enzyme activities 791:819 antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) 791:988 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 5 70 theme lipid 1076:1080 arg1 formation 1095:1103 lipid peroxidation formation 1076:1103 lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, 1076:1256 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 3 71 theme mannose 494:500 arg1 levels 484:489 lower levels 478:489 lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose 478:545 The majority of monosaccharide components of PSRC was glucose (relative mass 48.8%) with lower levels of mannose, rhamnose, galactose, fructose and arabinose (relative mass of 15.7, 14.3, 10.6, 6.1 and 4.5%, respectively). 25236610 6 72 theme natural 1400:1406 arg1 antioxidants 1408:1419 natural antioxidants 1400:1419 natural antioxidants 1400:1419 Taken together, these findings demonstrate that PSRC could be used as a novel promising source of natural antioxidants and antiaging drugs. 25236610 1 73 theme chemical 231:238 arg1 characteristics 240:254 its chemical characteristics 227:254 its chemical characteristics 227:254 A water-soluble polysaccharide (PSRC) was extracted and purified from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan, and its chemical characteristics, monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activities were characterized. 25236610 0 74 theme Radix 72:76 arg1 Kuan 100:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 0 75 from activities 33:42 arg1 Kuan 100:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan 72:103 Characterization and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan. 25236610 5 76 theme glutathione 947:957 arg1 peroxidase 959:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 glutathione peroxidase 947:968 Oral administration of PSRC significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (including total superoxide dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT)) and capacities of scavenging superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, markedly lowered lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and significantly up-regulated mRNA expressions of Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase 1, thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin 2, in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. 25236610 2 77 theme PSRC 371:374 arg1 Mw 364:365 Mw 364:365 Mw 364:365 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC was 182 kDa. 25236610 2 77 theme PSRC 371:374 arg1 weight 356:361 molecular weight 346:361 molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC 346:374 The average of molecular weight (Mw) of PSRC was 182 kDa. 28322950 7 0 dep composition 1121:1131 arg1 relationship 1099:1110 relationship 1099:1110 relationship 1099:1110 The swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of the films were investigated in relationship to their composition and PSSMA coating. 28322950 6 1 theme element 906:912 arg1 analysis 914:921 element analysis 906:921 element analysis 906:921 Surface morphologies and element analysis were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy. 28322950 7 2 theme PSSMA 1137:1141 arg1 coating 1143:1149 PSSMA coating 1137:1149 PSSMA coating 1137:1149 The swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of the films were investigated in relationship to their composition and PSSMA coating. 28322950 1 3 theme worldwide 166:174 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 1 3 theme worldwide 166:174 arg1 amounts 102:108 Substantial amounts 90:108 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 90:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 4 4 theme sodium 699:704 arg1 polyelectrolyte 638:652 a negatively charged polyelectrolyte 617:652 a negatively charged polyelectrolyte 617:652 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 4 theme sodium 699:704 arg1 PSSMA 712:716 PSSMA 712:716 PSSMA 712:716 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 4 theme sodium 699:704 arg1 salt 706:709 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt 655:709 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) 655:717 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 8 5 theme cationic 1174:1181 arg1 pollutants 1183:1192 model cationic pollutants 1168:1192 model cationic pollutants 1168:1192 The sorption of model cationic pollutants clearly improved for coated films and showed to be predominantly based on the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants. 28322950 3 6 theme present 409:415 arg1 study 417:421 the present study 405:421 the present study 405:421 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 6 7 theme electron 995:1002 arg1 microscopy 1004:1013 scanning electron microscopy 986:1013 scanning electron microscopy 986:1013 Surface morphologies and element analysis were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy. 28322950 8 8 theme model 1168:1172 arg1 pollutants 1183:1192 model cationic pollutants 1168:1192 model cationic pollutants 1168:1192 The sorption of model cationic pollutants clearly improved for coated films and showed to be predominantly based on the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants. 28322950 6 9 theme Surface 881:887 arg1 morphologies 889:900 Surface morphologies 881:900 Surface morphologies 881:900 Surface morphologies and element analysis were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy. 28322950 6 10 theme scanning 986:993 arg1 microscopy 1004:1013 scanning electron microscopy 986:1013 scanning electron microscopy 986:1013 Surface morphologies and element analysis were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy. 28322950 8 11 theme charged 1313:1319 arg1 groups 1321:1326 positively and negatively charged groups 1287:1326 positively and negatively charged groups 1287:1326 The sorption of model cationic pollutants clearly improved for coated films and showed to be predominantly based on the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants. 28322950 5 12 theme average 820:826 arg1 thickness 833:841 The average film thickness 816:841 The average film thickness 816:841 The average film thickness was measured by a digital micrometer. 28322950 2 13 theme abundant 300:307 arg1 polysaccharides 322:336 abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides 300:336 abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides 300:336 Removing these contaminants from effluent by adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides is a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem. 28322950 4 14 theme acid-co-maleic 678:691 arg1 acid 693:696 4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid 660:696 4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid 660:696 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 14 theme acid-co-maleic 678:691 arg1 poly 655:658 poly 655:658 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) 655:717 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 3 15 theme other 449:453 arg1 types 455:459 four other types 444:459 four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, 444:539 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 8 16 theme pollutants 1183:1192 arg1 sorption 1156:1163 The sorption 1152:1163 The sorption of model cationic pollutants 1152:1192 The sorption of model cationic pollutants clearly improved for coated films and showed to be predominantly based on the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants. 28322950 1 17 theme Substantial 90:100 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 1 17 theme Substantial 90:100 arg1 amounts 102:108 Substantial amounts 90:108 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 90:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 4 18 theme poly 655:658 arg1 polyelectrolyte 638:652 a negatively charged polyelectrolyte 617:652 a negatively charged polyelectrolyte 617:652 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 18 theme poly 655:658 arg1 PSSMA 712:716 PSSMA 712:716 PSSMA 712:716 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 18 theme poly 655:658 arg1 salt 706:709 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt 655:709 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) 655:717 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 0 19 theme anionic 15:21 arg1 films 38:42 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films 0:42 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 0:88 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 28322950 2 20 theme feasible 343:350 arg1 approach 366:373 a feasible and promising approach 341:373 a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem 341:399 Removing these contaminants from effluent by adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides is a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem. 28322950 1 21 theme different 192:200 arg1 types 202:206 different types 192:206 different types of contaminants 192:222 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 0 22 theme Pectin-blended 0:13 arg1 films 38:42 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films 0:42 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 0:88 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 28322950 4 23 theme 4-styrenesulfonic 660:676 arg1 acid 693:696 4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid 660:696 4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid 660:696 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 23 theme 4-styrenesulfonic 660:676 arg1 poly 655:658 poly 655:658 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) 655:717 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 24 theme contaminants 802:813 arg1 capture 782:788 the capture 778:788 the capture of cationic contaminants 778:813 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 1 25 theme industrial 113:122 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 3 26 attach crosslinked 546:556 arg3 study 417:421 the present study 405:421 the present study 405:421 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 3 27 theme polysaccharides 472:486 arg1 types 455:459 four other types 444:459 four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, 444:539 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 0 28 theme polysaccharide 23:36 arg1 films 38:42 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films 0:42 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 0:88 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 28322950 4 29 theme film 737:740 arg1 surface 742:748 the film surface 733:748 the film surface 733:748 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 1 30 theme contaminants 211:222 arg1 types 202:206 different types 192:206 different types of contaminants 192:222 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 0 31 theme cationic 48:55 arg1 sorption 69:76 cationic contaminant sorption 48:76 cationic contaminant sorption from water 48:87 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 28322950 6 32 theme dispersive 947:956 arg1 spectroscopy 958:969 energy dispersive spectroscopy 940:969 energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy 940:1013 Surface morphologies and element analysis were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy. 28322950 4 33 theme cationic 793:800 arg1 contaminants 802:813 cationic contaminants 793:813 cationic contaminants 793:813 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 5 34 theme film 828:831 arg1 thickness 833:841 The average film thickness 816:841 The average film thickness 816:841 The average film thickness was measured by a digital micrometer. 28322950 6 35 theme energy 940:945 arg1 spectroscopy 958:969 energy dispersive spectroscopy 940:969 energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy 940:1013 Surface morphologies and element analysis were obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy connected with scanning electron microscopy. 28322950 7 36 theme films 1072:1076 arg1 properties 1054:1063 the mechanical properties 1039:1063 the mechanical properties of the films 1039:1076 The swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of the films were investigated in relationship to their composition and PSSMA coating. 28322950 7 36 theme films 1072:1076 arg1 ratio 1029:1033 The swelling ratio 1016:1033 The swelling ratio 1016:1033 The swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of the films were investigated in relationship to their composition and PSSMA coating. 28322950 0 37 from water 83:87 arg1 sorption 69:76 cationic contaminant sorption 48:76 cationic contaminant sorption from water 48:87 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 28322950 3 38 theme anionic 464:470 arg1 xylan 522:526 xylan 522:526 xylan 522:526 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 3 38 theme anionic 464:470 arg1 carrageenan 509:519 carrageenan 509:519 carrageenan 509:519 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 3 38 theme anionic 464:470 arg1 polysaccharides 472:486 anionic polysaccharides 464:486 anionic polysaccharides 464:486 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 3 38 theme anionic 464:470 arg1 alginate 499:506 alginate 499:506 alginate 499:506 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 3 38 theme anionic 464:470 arg1 xanthan 532:538 xanthan 532:538 xanthan 532:538 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 5 39 theme digital 861:867 arg1 micrometer 869:878 a digital micrometer 859:878 a digital micrometer 859:878 The average film thickness was measured by a digital micrometer. 28322950 2 40 with approach 366:373 arg1 problem 393:399 this problem 388:399 this problem 388:399 Removing these contaminants from effluent by adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides is a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem. 28322950 1 41 theme agricultural 125:136 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 0 42 theme contaminant 57:67 arg1 sorption 69:76 cationic contaminant sorption 48:76 cationic contaminant sorption from water 48:87 Pectin-blended anionic polysaccharide films for cationic contaminant sorption from water. 28322950 2 43 dep abundant 300:307 arg1 inexpensive 310:320 inexpensive 310:320 inexpensive 310:320 Removing these contaminants from effluent by adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides is a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem. 28322950 3 44 theme thin 592:595 arg1 films 597:601 thin films 592:601 thin films 592:601 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 7 45 theme swelling 1020:1027 arg1 ratio 1029:1033 The swelling ratio 1016:1033 The swelling ratio 1016:1033 The swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of the films were investigated in relationship to their composition and PSSMA coating. 28322950 1 46 theme medical 139:145 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 3 47 theme zinc 563:566 arg1 acetate 568:574 zinc acetate 563:574 zinc acetate 563:574 In the present study, pectin blended with four other types of anionic polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, xylan and xanthan, were crosslinked with zinc acetate and formed into thin films. 28322950 7 48 theme mechanical 1043:1052 arg1 properties 1054:1063 the mechanical properties 1039:1063 the mechanical properties of the films 1039:1076 The swelling ratio and the mechanical properties of the films were investigated in relationship to their composition and PSSMA coating. 28322950 8 49 theme groups 1321:1326 arg1 interaction 1272:1282 the interaction 1268:1282 the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants 1268:1364 The sorption of model cationic pollutants clearly improved for coated films and showed to be predominantly based on the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants. 28322950 2 50 theme promising 356:364 arg1 approach 366:373 a feasible and promising approach 341:373 a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem 341:399 Removing these contaminants from effluent by adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides is a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem. 28322950 2 51 theme adsorbent 270:278 arg1 materials 280:288 adsorbent materials 270:288 adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides 270:336 Removing these contaminants from effluent by adsorbent materials made from abundant, inexpensive polysaccharides is a feasible and promising approach to deal with this problem. 28322950 4 52 theme charged 630:636 arg1 polyelectrolyte 638:652 a negatively charged polyelectrolyte 617:652 a negatively charged polyelectrolyte 617:652 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 4 52 theme charged 630:636 arg1 salt 706:709 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt 655:709 poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) 655:717 In addition, a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) was coated on the film surface with the goal of increasing the capture of cationic contaminants. 28322950 1 53 theme domestic 151:158 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 28322950 8 54 theme coated 1215:1220 arg1 films 1222:1226 coated films 1215:1226 coated films 1215:1226 The sorption of model cationic pollutants clearly improved for coated films and showed to be predominantly based on the interaction of positively and negatively charged groups between film/coating and contaminants. 28322950 1 55 theme water 160:164 arg1 worldwide 166:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide 113:174 Substantial amounts of industrial, agricultural, medical and domestic water worldwide are polluted by different types of contaminants. 26970323 7 0 theme useful 1189:1194 arg1 tool 1196:1199 a useful tool 1187:1199 a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines 1187:1242 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 7 0 theme useful 1189:1194 arg1 supplementation 1140:1154 supplementation 1140:1154 supplementation with inactive yeasts 1140:1175 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 1 1 with wines 216:220 arg1 yeasts 251:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 4 2 theme different 728:736 arg1 phenomena 738:746 two different phenomena 724:746 two different phenomena 724:746 RESULTS The results suggest that this action mechanism is related to two different phenomena. 26970323 1 3 theme inactive 238:245 arg1 yeasts 251:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 astringency 127:137 astringency 127:137 astringency 127:137 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 polysaccharides 107:121 polysaccharides 107:121 polysaccharides 107:121 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 colour 79:84 colour 79:84 colour 79:84 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 4 from effect 4:9 arg1 compounds 96:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 2 5 theme chemical 542:549 arg1 composition 551:561 chemical composition 542:561 chemical composition 542:561 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 1 6 theme dry 247:249 arg1 yeasts 251:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 0 7 theme wine 172:175 arg1 astringency 127:137 astringency 127:137 astringency 127:137 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 7 theme wine 172:175 arg1 polysaccharides 107:121 polysaccharides 107:121 polysaccharides 107:121 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 7 theme wine 172:175 arg1 colour 79:84 colour 79:84 colour 79:84 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 7 theme wine 172:175 arg1 compounds 96:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 5 8 theme inactive 767:774 arg1 yeasts 776:781 inactive yeasts 767:781 inactive yeasts 767:781 The first is that inactive yeasts release polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which can increase mouthfeel and inhibit interactions between salivary protein and tannins. 26970323 0 9 theme red 168:170 arg1 wine 172:175 red wine 168:175 red wine 168:175 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 4 10 dep RESULTS 655:661 arg1 results 667:673 The results 663:673 RESULTS The results 655:673 RESULTS The results suggest that this action mechanism is related to two different phenomena. 26970323 8 11 theme Chemical 1263:1270 arg1 Industry 1272:1279 Chemical Industry 1263:1279 Chemical Industry 1263:1279 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. 26970323 1 12 theme increased 347:355 arg1 mouthfeel 357:365 increased mouthfeel 347:365 increased mouthfeel 347:365 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 6 13 theme proanthocyanidins 1003:1019 arg1 absorption 989:998 absorption 989:998 absorption 989:998 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 6 13 theme proanthocyanidins 1003:1019 arg1 precipitation 972:984 precipitation 972:984 precipitation 972:984 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 0 14 theme phenolic 87:94 arg1 compounds 96:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 6 15 from effect 958:963 arg1 absorption 989:998 absorption 989:998 absorption 989:998 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 6 15 from effect 958:963 arg1 precipitation 972:984 precipitation 972:984 precipitation 972:984 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 0 16 dep colour 79:84 arg1 the 75:77 the 75:77 the 75:77 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 7 17 dep CONCLUSION 1104:1113 arg1 concluded 1125:1133 concluded 1125:1133 can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines 1118:1242 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 1 18 theme balanced 324:331 arg1 wines 333:337 better balanced wines 317:337 better balanced wines 317:337 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 6 19 theme direct 951:956 arg1 astringent 1092:1101 astringent 1092:1101 astringent 1092:1101 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 6 19 theme direct 951:956 arg1 effect 958:963 a direct effect 949:963 a direct effect 949:963 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 4 20 theme action 693:698 arg1 mechanism 700:708 this action mechanism 688:708 this action mechanism 688:708 RESULTS The results suggest that this action mechanism is related to two different phenomena. 26970323 3 21 theme better 600:605 arg1 understanding 607:619 a better understanding 598:619 us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved 595:652 This will give us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved. 26970323 0 22 theme supplementation 14:28 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 0:176 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 1 23 theme widespread 263:272 arg1 practice 274:281 a widespread practice 261:281 a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency 261:388 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 1 23 theme widespread 263:272 arg1 Nowadays 189:196 Nowadays 189:196 Nowadays 189:196 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 2 24 theme commercial 503:512 arg1 yeasts 527:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 2 25 theme inactive 514:521 arg1 yeasts 527:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 2 26 theme article 407:413 arg1 aim 395:397 The aim 391:397 The aim of this article 391:413 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 7 27 with supplementation 1140:1154 arg1 yeasts 1170:1175 inactive yeasts 1161:1175 inactive yeasts 1161:1175 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 1 28 theme smooth 371:376 arg1 astringency 378:388 smooth astringency 371:388 smooth astringency 371:388 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 5 29 theme salivary 890:897 arg1 protein 899:905 salivary protein 890:905 salivary protein 890:905 The first is that inactive yeasts release polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which can increase mouthfeel and inhibit interactions between salivary protein and tannins. 26970323 7 30 theme inactive 1161:1168 arg1 yeasts 1170:1175 inactive yeasts 1161:1175 inactive yeasts 1161:1175 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 2 31 theme red 433:435 arg1 wine 437:440 a red wine 431:440 a red wine 431:440 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 6 32 contain have 944:947 arg2 effect 958:963 a direct effect 949:963 a direct effect 949:963 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 6 32 contain have 944:947 arg2 astringent 1092:1101 astringent 1092:1101 astringent 1092:1101 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 6 32 contain have 944:947 arg1 they 939:942 they 939:942 they 939:942 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 0 33 with supplementation 14:28 arg1 yeasts 65:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 2 34 theme wine 457:460 arg1 solution 462:469 a model wine solution 449:469 a model wine solution 449:469 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 0 35 theme inactive 52:59 arg1 yeasts 65:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 7 36 theme smoothing 1205:1213 arg1 astringency 1219:1229 smoothing the astringency 1205:1229 smoothing the astringency of red wines 1205:1242 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 2 37 theme dry 523:525 arg1 yeasts 527:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 0 38 dep wine 150:153 arg1 solution 155:162 solution 155:162 solution 155:162 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 39 theme commercial 41:50 arg1 yeasts 65:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 6 40 dep precipitation 972:984 arg1 the 968:970 the 968:970 the 968:970 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 3 41 theme action 628:633 arg1 mechanism 635:643 the action mechanism 624:643 the action mechanism involved 624:652 This will give us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved. 26970323 0 42 theme wine 150:153 arg1 astringency 127:137 astringency 127:137 astringency 127:137 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 42 theme wine 150:153 arg1 polysaccharides 107:121 polysaccharides 107:121 polysaccharides 107:121 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 42 theme wine 150:153 arg1 colour 79:84 colour 79:84 colour 79:84 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 0 42 theme wine 150:153 arg1 compounds 96:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 phenolic compounds 87:104 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 3 43 theme mechanism 635:643 arg1 understanding 607:619 a better understanding 598:619 us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved 595:652 This will give us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved. 26970323 7 44 theme wines 1238:1242 arg1 astringency 1219:1229 smoothing the astringency 1205:1229 smoothing the astringency of red wines 1205:1242 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 2 45 with supplementation 476:490 arg1 yeasts 527:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 497:532 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 1 46 theme red 212:214 arg1 wines 216:220 red wines 212:220 red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts 212:256 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 0 47 theme model 144:148 arg1 wine 150:153 a model wine solution and red wine 142:175 wine 150:153 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 7 48 theme red 1234:1236 arg1 wines 1238:1242 red wines 1234:1242 red wines 1234:1242 CONCLUSION It can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. 26970323 2 49 theme model 451:455 arg1 solution 462:469 a model wine solution 449:469 a model wine solution 449:469 The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. 26970323 6 50 theme larger 1037:1042 arg1 polymers 1044:1051 the larger polymers 1033:1051 the larger polymers 1033:1051 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 6 50 theme larger 1037:1042 arg1 proanthocyanidins 1003:1019 proanthocyanidins 1003:1019 proanthocyanidins 1003:1019 The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent. 26970323 0 51 theme dry 61:63 arg1 yeasts 65:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 three commercial inactive dry yeasts 35:70 The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine. 26970323 1 52 dep BACKGROUND 178:187 arg1 practice 274:281 a widespread practice 261:281 a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency 261:388 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 1 52 dep BACKGROUND 178:187 arg1 Nowadays 189:196 Nowadays 189:196 Nowadays 189:196 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 26970323 3 53 dep us 595:596 arg1 understanding 607:619 a better understanding 598:619 us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved 595:652 This will give us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved. 26970323 1 54 theme commercial 227:236 arg1 yeasts 251:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 commercial inactive dry yeasts 227:256 BACKGROUND Nowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. 28300539 4 0 theme polymer-membrane 714:729 arg1 affinity 731:738 polymer-membrane affinity 714:738 polymer-membrane affinity 714:738 The results indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in polymer-membrane affinity, and that the polymers formed a sub-layer, which increased the shear viscosity of the interface. 28300539 1 1 theme biological 164:173 arg1 functions 175:183 various biological functions 156:183 various biological functions 156:183 Polysaccharides have been associated with various biological functions through their binding to membranes, but their specific role is still under debate. 28300539 6 2 theme phase 1211:1215 arg1 transition 1174:1183 phase transition 1168:1183 phase transition 1168:1183 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 6 2 theme phase 1211:1215 arg1 stability 1193:1201 the stability 1189:1201 the stability of each phase 1189:1215 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 5 3 theme lipid 897:901 arg1 film 903:906 the lipid film 893:906 the lipid film 893:906 The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. 28300539 2 4 theme anionic 334:340 arg1 polysaccharides 342:356 cationic and anionic polysaccharides 321:356 cationic and anionic polysaccharides 321:356 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 0 5 theme film 97:100 arg1 properties 102:111 the film properties 93:111 the film properties 93:111 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 6 6 theme phase 1168:1172 arg1 transition 1174:1183 phase transition 1168:1183 phase transition 1168:1183 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 0 7 with modulation 79:88 arg1 monolayers 46:55 lipid monolayers 40:55 lipid monolayers 40:55 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 2 8 theme work 284:287 arg1 aim 272:274 The aim 268:274 The aim of this work 268:287 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 2 9 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 interaction 306:316 the interaction 302:316 the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 302:397 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 5 10 theme polymer-like 919:930 arg1 behavior 932:939 a polymer-like behavior 917:939 a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics 917:979 The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. 28300539 2 11 from influence 455:463 arg1 interaction 490:500 the interaction 486:500 the interaction 486:500 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 3 12 theme polymer-lipid 532:544 arg1 binding 546:552 the polymer-lipid binding 528:552 the polymer-lipid binding 528:552 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 0 13 theme properties 102:111 arg1 modulation 79:88 the consequential modulation 61:88 the consequential modulation of the film properties 61:111 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 0 13 theme properties 102:111 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers 0:55 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 3 14 theme binding 546:552 arg1 effect 518:523 The consequent effect 503:523 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties 503:575 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 4 15 theme electrostatic 661:673 arg1 interactions 675:686 electrostatic interactions 661:686 electrostatic interactions 661:686 The results indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in polymer-membrane affinity, and that the polymers formed a sub-layer, which increased the shear viscosity of the interface. 28300539 3 16 from effect 518:523 arg1 properties 566:575 the film properties 557:575 the film properties 557:575 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 6 17 theme film 1123:1126 arg1 topography 1128:1137 the film topography 1119:1137 the film topography 1119:1137 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 2 18 theme zwitterionic 375:386 arg1 monolayers 388:397 anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 363:397 anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 363:397 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 0 19 theme derivatives 23:33 arg1 modulation 79:88 the consequential modulation 61:88 the consequential modulation of the film properties 61:111 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 0 19 theme derivatives 23:33 arg1 Interaction 0:10 Interaction 0:10 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers 0:55 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 3 20 theme film 561:564 arg1 properties 566:575 the film properties 557:575 the film properties 557:575 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 4 21 theme interface 826:834 arg1 viscosity 809:817 the shear viscosity 799:817 the shear viscosity of the interface 799:834 The results indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in polymer-membrane affinity, and that the polymers formed a sub-layer, which increased the shear viscosity of the interface. 28300539 5 22 theme interacting 841:851 arg1 polymer 853:859 The interacting polymer 837:859 The interacting polymer 837:859 The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. 28300539 0 23 theme dextran 15:21 arg1 derivatives 23:33 dextran derivatives 15:33 dextran derivatives 15:33 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 6 24 from changes 1108:1114 arg1 topography 1128:1137 the film topography 1119:1137 the film topography 1119:1137 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 5 25 theme monolayer 948:956 arg1 behavior 932:939 a polymer-like behavior 917:939 a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics 917:979 The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. 28300539 2 26 theme subphase 413:420 arg1 compositions 422:433 different subphase compositions 403:433 different subphase compositions 403:433 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 0 27 theme lipid 40:44 arg1 monolayers 46:55 lipid monolayers 40:55 lipid monolayers 40:55 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 2 28 with interaction 306:316 arg1 monolayers 388:397 anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 363:397 anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 363:397 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 3 29 theme special 595:601 arg1 interest 603:610 special interest 595:610 special interest in monolayer dynamics 595:632 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 3 30 from interest 603:610 arg1 dynamics 625:632 monolayer dynamics 615:632 monolayer dynamics 615:632 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 2 31 theme different 403:411 arg1 compositions 422:433 different subphase compositions 403:433 different subphase compositions 403:433 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 2 32 theme electrostatics 468:481 arg1 influence 455:463 the influence 451:463 the influence of electrostatics on the interaction 451:500 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 3 33 theme consequent 507:516 arg1 effect 518:523 The consequent effect 503:523 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties 503:575 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 2 34 theme cationic 321:328 arg1 polysaccharides 342:356 cationic and anionic polysaccharides 321:356 cationic and anionic polysaccharides 321:356 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 4 35 theme shear 803:807 arg1 viscosity 809:817 the shear viscosity 799:817 the shear viscosity of the interface 799:834 The results indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in polymer-membrane affinity, and that the polymers formed a sub-layer, which increased the shear viscosity of the interface. 28300539 0 36 with Interaction 0:10 arg1 monolayers 46:55 lipid monolayers 40:55 lipid monolayers 40:55 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 1 37 theme specific 231:238 arg1 role 240:243 their specific role 225:243 their specific role 225:243 Polysaccharides have been associated with various biological functions through their binding to membranes, but their specific role is still under debate. 28300539 5 38 theme whole 986:990 arg1 film 992:995 the whole film 982:995 the whole film (polymer+lipid) 982:1011 The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. 28300539 5 38 theme whole 986:990 arg1 polymer+lipid 998:1010 polymer+lipid 998:1010 polymer+lipid 998:1010 The interacting polymer, even when it did not penetrate the lipid film, induced a polymer-like behavior of the monolayer regarding its dynamics: the whole film (polymer+lipid) became very viscous. 28300539 4 39 theme important 696:704 arg1 role 706:709 an important role 693:709 an important role 693:709 The results indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in polymer-membrane affinity, and that the polymers formed a sub-layer, which increased the shear viscosity of the interface. 28300539 0 40 theme consequential 65:77 arg1 modulation 79:88 the consequential modulation 61:88 the consequential modulation of the film properties 61:111 Interaction of dextran derivatives with lipid monolayers and the consequential modulation of the film properties. 28300539 6 41 theme membrane 1071:1078 arg1 consequence 1039:1049 a consequence 1037:1049 a consequence 1037:1049 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 6 41 theme membrane 1071:1078 arg1 dynamic 1056:1062 dynamic 1056:1062 dynamic 1056:1062 As a consequence, the dynamic of the membrane was affected, thus inducing changes in the film topography, although the energetics for phase transition and the stability of each phase were modified slightly or not at all. 28300539 2 42 theme anionic 363:369 arg1 monolayers 388:397 anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 363:397 anionic and zwitterionic monolayers 363:397 The aim of this work was to study the interaction of cationic and anionic polysaccharides with anionic and zwitterionic monolayers, at different subphase compositions, thus analyzing the influence of electrostatics on the interaction. 28300539 3 43 theme monolayer 615:623 arg1 dynamics 625:632 monolayer dynamics 615:632 monolayer dynamics 615:632 The consequent effect of the polymer-lipid binding on the film properties was studied, with special interest in monolayer dynamics. 28300539 1 44 theme various 156:162 arg1 functions 175:183 various biological functions 156:183 various biological functions 156:183 Polysaccharides have been associated with various biological functions through their binding to membranes, but their specific role is still under debate. 26495994 9 0 theme extracellular 1607:1619 arg1 resources 1621:1629 extracellular resources 1607:1629 extracellular resources 1607:1629 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 8 1 theme labeled 1384:1390 arg1 EPS 1392:1394 isotopically labeled EPS 1371:1394 isotopically labeled EPS 1371:1394 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 3 2 theme C 488:488 arg1 reservoir 490:498 a large C reservoir 480:498 a large C reservoir 480:498 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 8 3 theme carbon 1486:1491 arg1 incorporation 1447:1459 rapid incorporation 1441:1459 rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon 1441:1491 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 7 4 from ES 1215:1216 arg1 isolate 1202:1208 a cyanobacterial isolate 1185:1208 a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, 1185:1225 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 7 4 from ES 1215:1216 arg1 EPS 1178:1180 the EPS 1174:1180 the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, 1174:1225 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 0 5 from reuse 15:19 arg1 mats 66:69 microbial mats 56:69 microbial mats 56:69 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats. 26495994 9 6 theme resources 1621:1629 arg1 pool 1599:1602 a dynamic pool 1589:1602 a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats 1589:1643 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 2 7 theme flow 359:362 arg1 study 348:352 the study 344:352 the study of C flow 344:362 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 5 8 theme distinct 918:925 arg1 sources 927:933 distinct sources 918:933 distinct sources of glucose 918:944 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 9 9 theme excess 1553:1558 arg1 carbon 1568:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 7 10 theme biofilms 1270:1277 arg1 composition 1255:1265 the extracellular composition 1237:1265 the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats 1237:1357 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 5 11 theme simple 835:840 arg1 polysaccharides 850:864 simple glucose polysaccharides 835:864 simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages 835:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 2 12 from ecosystem 330:338 arg1 communities 375:385 complex communities 367:385 complex communities 367:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 5 13 theme β 889:889 arg1 linkages 897:904 β (1,4) linkages 889:904 β (1,4) linkages 889:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 3 14 contain have 475:478 arg1 mats 470:473 such mats 465:473 such mats 465:473 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 3 14 contain have 475:478 arg2 reservoir 490:498 a large C reservoir 480:498 a large C reservoir 480:498 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 7 15 theme cyanobacterial 1187:1200 arg1 isolate 1202:1208 a cyanobacterial isolate 1185:1208 a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, 1185:1225 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 5 16 theme glucose 842:848 arg1 polysaccharides 850:864 simple glucose polysaccharides 835:864 simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages 835:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 9 17 from pool 1599:1602 arg1 mats 1640:1643 these mats 1634:1643 these mats 1634:1643 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 7 18 theme complex 1141:1147 arg1 system 1149:1154 a less complex system 1134:1154 a less complex system 1134:1154 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 7 19 theme isolate 1202:1208 arg1 EPS 1178:1180 the EPS 1174:1180 the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, 1174:1225 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 7 20 theme extracellular 1241:1253 arg1 composition 1255:1265 the extracellular composition 1237:1265 the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats 1237:1357 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 1 21 theme Cyanobacterial 72:85 arg1 excretion 102:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion 72:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion 72:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 4 22 from processes 646:654 arg1 mats 674:677 cyanobacterial mats 659:677 cyanobacterial mats 659:677 To identify extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats, we examined mats collected from Elkhorn Slough (ES) at Monterey Bay, California, for glycosyl and protein composition of the EPS. 26495994 3 23 dep production 554:563 arg1 the 550:552 the 550:552 the 550:552 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 5 24 theme polysaccharides 850:864 arg1 prevalence 821:830 a prevalence 819:830 a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages 819:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 1 25 from cycling 133:139 arg1 communities 159:169 many microbial communities 144:169 many microbial communities 144:169 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 1 26 theme organic 87:93 arg1 excretion 102:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion 72:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion 72:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 6 27 theme extracellular 1033:1045 arg1 enzymes 1047:1053 cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes 1018:1053 cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes 1018:1053 Using proteomics, we identified cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes, and also detected activities that indicate a capacity for EPS degradation. 26495994 2 28 theme closed 441:446 arg1 system 448:453 a more or less closed system 426:453 a more or less closed system 426:453 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 1 29 theme matter 95:100 arg1 excretion 102:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion 72:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion 72:110 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 8 30 theme extracellular-derived 1464:1484 arg1 carbon 1486:1491 extracellular-derived carbon 1464:1491 extracellular-derived carbon 1464:1491 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 6 31 theme cyanobacterial 1018:1031 arg1 enzymes 1047:1053 cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes 1018:1053 cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes 1018:1053 Using proteomics, we identified cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes, and also detected activities that indicate a capacity for EPS degradation. 26495994 0 32 theme Cyanobacterial 0:13 arg1 reuse 15:19 Cyanobacterial reuse 0:19 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats 0:69 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats. 26495994 4 33 theme EPS 805:807 arg1 composition 786:796 glycosyl and protein composition 765:796 composition 786:796 To identify extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats, we examined mats collected from Elkhorn Slough (ES) at Monterey Bay, California, for glycosyl and protein composition of the EPS. 26495994 4 34 theme extracellular 632:644 arg1 processes 646:654 extracellular processes 632:654 extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats 632:677 To identify extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats, we examined mats collected from Elkhorn Slough (ES) at Monterey Bay, California, for glycosyl and protein composition of the EPS. 26495994 6 35 theme EPS 1114:1116 arg1 degradation 1118:1128 EPS degradation 1114:1128 EPS degradation 1114:1128 Using proteomics, we identified cyanobacterial extracellular enzymes, and also detected activities that indicate a capacity for EPS degradation. 26495994 0 36 theme extracellular 24:36 arg1 carbon 46:51 extracellular organic carbon 24:51 extracellular organic carbon 24:51 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats. 26495994 5 37 theme glucose 938:944 arg1 sources 927:933 distinct sources 918:933 distinct sources of glucose 918:944 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 2 38 theme model 324:328 arg1 ecosystem 330:338 a useful model ecosystem 315:338 a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities 315:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 2 38 theme model 324:328 arg1 mats 306:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 9 39 theme organic 1560:1566 arg1 carbon 1568:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 9 40 theme cyanobacteria 1533:1545 arg1 carbon 1568:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 3 41 theme extracellular 507:519 arg1 substances 531:540 the extracellular polymeric substances 503:540 the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) 503:547 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 3 41 theme extracellular 507:519 arg1 EPSs 543:546 EPSs 543:546 EPSs 543:546 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 2 42 theme useful 317:322 arg1 ecosystem 330:338 a useful model ecosystem 315:338 a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities 315:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 2 42 theme useful 317:322 arg1 mats 306:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 3 43 theme such 465:468 arg1 mats 470:473 such mats 465:473 such mats 465:473 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 0 44 theme carbon 46:51 arg1 reuse 15:19 Cyanobacterial reuse 0:19 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats 0:69 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats. 26495994 3 45 theme large 482:486 arg1 reservoir 490:498 a large C reservoir 480:498 a large C reservoir 480:498 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 9 46 theme reuse 1547:1551 arg1 carbon 1568:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon 1533:1573 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 3 47 theme polymeric 521:529 arg1 substances 531:540 the extracellular polymeric substances 503:540 the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) 503:547 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 3 47 theme polymeric 521:529 arg1 EPSs 543:546 EPSs 543:546 EPSs 543:546 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 1 48 dep nature 180:185 arg1 the 176:178 the 176:178 the 176:178 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 0 49 theme organic 38:44 arg1 carbon 46:51 extracellular organic carbon 24:51 extracellular organic carbon 24:51 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats. 26495994 9 50 theme dynamic 1591:1597 arg1 pool 1599:1602 a dynamic pool 1589:1602 a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats 1589:1643 Taken together, these results indicate cyanobacteria reuse excess organic carbon, constituting a dynamic pool of extracellular resources in these mats. 26495994 4 51 theme glycosyl 765:772 arg1 composition 786:796 glycosyl and protein composition 765:796 composition 786:796 To identify extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats, we examined mats collected from Elkhorn Slough (ES) at Monterey Bay, California, for glycosyl and protein composition of the EPS. 26495994 1 52 theme C 215:215 arg1 nature 180:185 nature 180:185 nature 180:185 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 1 52 theme C 215:215 arg1 bioavailability 191:205 bioavailability 191:205 bioavailability 191:205 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 0 53 theme microbial 56:64 arg1 mats 66:69 microbial mats 56:69 microbial mats 56:69 Cyanobacterial reuse of extracellular organic carbon in microbial mats. 26495994 8 54 theme single 1401:1406 arg1 cells 1408:1412 single cells 1401:1412 single cells of ESFC-1 1401:1422 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 2 55 theme C 357:357 arg1 flow 359:362 C flow 357:362 C flow 357:362 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 8 56 theme ESFC-1 1417:1422 arg1 cells 1408:1412 single cells 1401:1412 single cells of ESFC-1 1401:1422 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 4 57 theme protein 778:784 arg1 composition 786:796 glycosyl and protein composition 765:796 composition 786:796 To identify extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats, we examined mats collected from Elkhorn Slough (ES) at Monterey Bay, California, for glycosyl and protein composition of the EPS. 26495994 1 58 theme carbon 126:131 arg1 cycling 133:139 carbon cycling 126:139 carbon cycling in many microbial communities 126:169 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 5 59 theme enzymatic 961:969 arg1 accessibility 971:983 enzymatic accessibility 961:983 enzymatic accessibility 961:983 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 7 60 theme unicyanobacterial 1296:1312 arg1 culture 1314:1320 this unicyanobacterial culture 1291:1320 this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats 1291:1357 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 2 61 theme hypersaline 284:294 arg1 ecosystem 330:338 a useful model ecosystem 315:338 a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities 315:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 2 61 theme hypersaline 284:294 arg1 mats 306:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 4 62 theme cyanobacterial 659:672 arg1 mats 674:677 cyanobacterial mats 659:677 cyanobacterial mats 659:677 To identify extracellular processes in cyanobacterial mats, we examined mats collected from Elkhorn Slough (ES) at Monterey Bay, California, for glycosyl and protein composition of the EPS. 26495994 8 63 link extracellular-derived 1464:1484 arg1 carbon 1486:1491 extracellular-derived carbon 1464:1491 extracellular-derived carbon 1464:1491 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 5 64 theme 1,4 892:894 arg1 linkages 897:904 β (1,4) linkages 889:904 β (1,4) linkages 889:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 7 65 theme natural 1346:1352 arg1 mats 1354:1357 natural mats 1346:1357 natural mats 1346:1357 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 2 66 theme laminated 296:304 arg1 ecosystem 330:338 a useful model ecosystem 315:338 a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities 315:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 2 66 theme laminated 296:304 arg1 mats 306:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 7 67 from EPS 1178:1180 arg1 ESFC-1 1219:1224 ESFC-1 1219:1224 ESFC-1 1219:1224 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 7 67 from EPS 1178:1180 arg1 ES 1215:1216 ES 1215:1216 ES 1215:1216 In a less complex system, we characterized the EPS of a cyanobacterial isolate from ES, ESFC-1, and found the extracellular composition of biofilms produced by this unicyanobacterial culture were similar to that of natural mats. 26495994 2 68 theme Cyanobacteria-dominated 260:282 arg1 ecosystem 330:338 a useful model ecosystem 315:338 a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities 315:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 2 68 theme Cyanobacteria-dominated 260:282 arg1 mats 306:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats 260:309 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 2 69 theme complex 367:373 arg1 communities 375:385 complex communities 367:385 complex communities 367:385 Cyanobacteria-dominated hypersaline laminated mats are a useful model ecosystem for the study of C flow in complex communities, as they use photosynthesis to sustain a more or less closed system. 26495994 5 70 contain containing 866:875 arg1 polysaccharides 850:864 simple glucose polysaccharides 835:864 simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages 835:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 5 70 contain containing 866:875 arg2 linkages 897:904 β (1,4) linkages 889:904 β (1,4) linkages 889:904 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 5 70 contain containing 866:875 arg2 α 884:884 α 884:884 α 884:884 We found a prevalence of simple glucose polysaccharides containing either α or β (1,4) linkages, indicating distinct sources of glucose with differing enzymatic accessibility. 26495994 3 71 theme organic 584:590 arg1 carbon 592:597 organic carbon 584:597 organic carbon 584:597 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 1 72 theme many 144:147 arg1 communities 159:169 many microbial communities 144:169 many microbial communities 144:169 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 1 73 theme unknown 227:233 arg1 functions 249:257 unknown physiological functions 227:257 unknown physiological functions 227:257 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 8 74 theme rapid 1441:1445 arg1 incorporation 1447:1459 rapid incorporation 1441:1459 rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon 1441:1491 By tracing isotopically labeled EPS into single cells of ESFC-1, we demonstrated rapid incorporation of extracellular-derived carbon. 26495994 3 75 theme carbon 592:597 arg1 degradation 569:579 degradation 569:579 degradation 569:579 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 3 75 theme carbon 592:597 arg1 production 554:563 production 554:563 production 554:563 Although such mats have a large C reservoir in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), the production and degradation of organic carbon is not well defined. 26495994 1 76 theme microbial 149:157 arg1 communities 159:169 many microbial communities 144:169 many microbial communities 144:169 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 26495994 1 77 theme physiological 235:247 arg1 functions 249:257 unknown physiological functions 227:257 unknown physiological functions 227:257 Cyanobacterial organic matter excretion is crucial to carbon cycling in many microbial communities, but the nature and bioavailability of this C depend on unknown physiological functions. 28724910 4 0 theme gastrointestinal 880:895 arg1 tract 897:901 the human gastrointestinal tract 870:901 the human gastrointestinal tract 870:901 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 3 1 theme seed 548:551 arg1 germination 553:563 seed germination 548:563 seed germination 548:563 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 1 2 theme non-communicable 282:297 arg1 diseases 299:306 related non-communicable diseases 274:306 related non-communicable diseases 274:306 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 6 3 theme pathways 1178:1185 arg1 importance 1151:1160 the importance 1147:1160 the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility 1147:1214 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 6 4 theme seed 1165:1168 arg1 pathways 1178:1185 seed storage pathways 1165:1185 seed storage pathways 1165:1185 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 2 5 theme low 332:334 arg1 GI 352:353 GI 352:353 GI 352:353 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 2 5 theme low 332:334 arg1 index 345:349 low glycemic index 332:349 low glycemic index (GI) 332:354 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 8 6 theme cooking 1493:1499 arg1 quality 1501:1507 acceptable cooking quality 1482:1507 acceptable cooking quality 1482:1507 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 1 7 theme global 238:243 arg1 rise 245:248 the global rise 234:248 the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases 234:306 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 0 8 from variations 69:78 arg1 grain 90:94 mature grain 83:94 mature grain 83:94 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 8 9 with rice 1472:1475 arg1 quality 1501:1507 acceptable cooking quality 1482:1507 acceptable cooking quality 1482:1507 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 3 10 theme starch 583:588 arg1 structure 590:598 starch structure 583:598 starch structure 583:598 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 8 11 theme breeding 1436:1443 arg1 programs 1445:1452 precision breeding programs 1426:1452 precision breeding programs 1426:1452 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 5 12 theme markers 941:947 arg1 combination 908:918 The combination 904:918 The combination of these biochemical markers 904:947 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 5 12 theme markers 941:947 arg1 measure 979:985 an alternative measure 964:985 an alternative measure to predict GI 964:999 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 3 13 from variation 570:578 arg1 structure 590:598 starch structure 583:598 starch structure 583:598 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 3 13 from variation 570:578 arg1 composition 604:614 composition 604:614 composition 604:614 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 8 14 theme diet-associated 1540:1554 arg1 diseases 1566:1573 diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1540:1573 diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1540:1573 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 4 15 theme total 711:715 arg1 starch 717:722 total starch 711:722 total starch 711:722 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 3 16 from patterns 532:539 arg1 structure 590:598 starch structure 583:598 starch structure 583:598 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 3 16 from patterns 532:539 arg1 composition 604:614 composition 604:614 composition 604:614 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 0 17 theme mature 83:88 arg1 grain 90:94 mature grain 83:94 mature grain 83:94 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 1 18 theme slower 170:175 arg1 digestibility 184:196 slower starch digestibility 170:196 slower starch digestibility 170:196 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 8 19 theme diseases 1566:1573 arg1 burden 1530:1535 the burden 1526:1535 the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1526:1573 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 4 20 from digestion 857:865 arg1 tract 897:901 the human gastrointestinal tract 870:901 the human gastrointestinal tract 870:901 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 1 21 with lines 159:163 arg1 digestibility 184:196 slower starch digestibility 170:196 slower starch digestibility 170:196 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 5 22 theme alternative 967:977 arg1 combination 908:918 The combination 904:918 The combination of these biochemical markers 904:947 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 5 22 theme alternative 967:977 arg1 measure 979:985 an alternative measure 964:985 an alternative measure to predict GI 964:999 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 4 23 theme free 779:782 arg1 sugars 784:789 free sugars 779:789 free sugars 779:789 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 0 24 theme mobilization 107:118 arg1 patterns 120:127 starch mobilization patterns 100:127 starch mobilization patterns during seed germination 100:151 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 6 25 theme low 1078:1080 arg1 lines 1085:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 4 26 theme amylose 743:749 arg1 chains 767:772 amylose and amylopectin chains 743:772 amylose and amylopectin chains 743:772 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 6 27 theme high 1069:1072 arg1 lines 1085:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 4 28 theme amylopectin 755:765 arg1 chains 767:772 amylose and amylopectin chains 743:772 amylose and amylopectin chains 743:772 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 2 29 theme cost 414:417 arg1 constraints 419:429 time and cost constraints 405:429 time and cost constraints 405:429 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 6 30 theme transcripts 1054:1064 arg1 analysis 1030:1037 transcriptome analysis 1016:1037 transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines 1016:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 2 31 theme time 405:408 arg1 constraints 419:429 time and cost constraints 405:429 time and cost constraints 405:429 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 0 32 theme rice 36:39 arg1 potential 23:31 glycemic potential 14:31 glycemic potential of rice 14:39 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 6 33 theme stored 1042:1047 arg1 transcripts 1054:1064 stored mRNA transcripts 1042:1064 stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines 1042:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 8 34 theme low 1465:1467 arg1 rice 1472:1475 low GI rice 1465:1475 low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1465:1573 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 7 35 theme non-starch 1307:1316 arg1 polysaccharides 1318:1332 cell wall non-starch polysaccharides 1297:1332 cell wall non-starch polysaccharides 1297:1332 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 7 36 theme cell 1297:1300 arg1 polysaccharides 1318:1332 cell wall non-starch polysaccharides 1297:1332 cell wall non-starch polysaccharides 1297:1332 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 3 37 theme starch 664:669 arg1 digestibility 671:683 starch digestibility 664:683 starch digestibility 664:683 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 8 38 theme acceptable 1482:1491 arg1 quality 1501:1507 acceptable cooking quality 1482:1507 acceptable cooking quality 1482:1507 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 6 39 from lines 1085:1089 arg1 analysis 1030:1037 transcriptome analysis 1016:1037 transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines 1016:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 1 40 theme type 253:256 arg1 diabetes 261:268 type II diabetes 253:268 type II diabetes 253:268 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 6 41 from differences 1100:1110 arg1 metabolism 1122:1131 starch metabolism 1115:1131 starch metabolism 1115:1131 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 2 42 theme rice 359:362 arg1 programs 373:380 rice breeding programs 359:380 rice breeding programs 359:380 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 3 43 from amylolysis 500:509 arg1 structure 590:598 starch structure 583:598 starch structure 583:598 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 3 43 from amylolysis 500:509 arg1 composition 604:614 composition 604:614 composition 604:614 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 1 44 theme related 274:280 arg1 diseases 299:306 related non-communicable diseases 274:306 related non-communicable diseases 274:306 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 4 45 theme human 874:878 arg1 tract 897:901 the human gastrointestinal tract 870:901 the human gastrointestinal tract 870:901 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 3 46 theme mobilization 519:530 arg1 patterns 532:539 starch mobilization patterns 512:539 starch mobilization patterns during seed germination 512:563 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 1 47 theme starch 177:182 arg1 digestibility 184:196 slower starch digestibility 170:196 slower starch digestibility 170:196 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 6 48 theme storage 1170:1176 arg1 pathways 1178:1185 seed storage pathways 1165:1185 seed storage pathways 1165:1185 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 2 49 theme glycemic 336:343 arg1 GI 352:353 GI 352:353 GI 352:353 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 2 49 theme glycemic 336:343 arg1 index 345:349 low glycemic index 332:349 low glycemic index (GI) 332:354 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 0 50 theme seed 136:139 arg1 germination 141:151 seed germination 136:151 seed germination 136:151 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 6 51 from transcripts 1054:1064 arg1 lines 1085:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 3 52 theme grain 494:498 arg1 amylolysis 500:509 in vitro cooked grain amylolysis 478:509 in vitro cooked grain amylolysis 478:509 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 7 53 theme Pathway 1217:1223 arg1 analyses 1225:1232 Pathway analyses 1217:1232 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data 1217:1263 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 0 54 from patterns 120:127 arg1 grain 90:94 mature grain 83:94 mature grain 83:94 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 4 55 theme starch 717:722 arg1 sugars 784:789 free sugars 779:789 free sugars 779:789 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 4 55 theme starch 717:722 arg1 patterns 699:706 Mobilization patterns 686:706 Mobilization patterns of total starch 686:722 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 4 55 theme starch 717:722 arg1 chains 767:772 amylose and amylopectin chains 743:772 amylose and amylopectin chains 743:772 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 4 55 theme starch 717:722 arg1 starch 735:740 resistant starch 725:740 resistant starch 725:740 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 1 56 from rise 245:248 arg1 diseases 299:306 related non-communicable diseases 274:306 related non-communicable diseases 274:306 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 1 56 from rise 245:248 arg1 diabetes 261:268 type II diabetes 253:268 type II diabetes 253:268 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 5 57 theme biochemical 929:939 arg1 markers 941:947 these biochemical markers 923:947 these biochemical markers 923:947 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 4 58 theme resistant 725:733 arg1 starch 735:740 resistant starch 725:740 resistant starch 725:740 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 7 59 theme metabolomics 1247:1258 arg1 data 1260:1263 metabolomics data 1247:1263 metabolomics data 1247:1263 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 1 60 theme Rice 154:157 arg1 lines 159:163 Rice lines 154:163 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility 154:196 Rice lines with slower starch digestibility provide opportunities in mitigating the global rise in type II diabetes and related non-communicable diseases. 28724910 6 61 theme transcriptome 1016:1028 arg1 analysis 1030:1037 transcriptome analysis 1016:1037 transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines 1016:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 8 62 theme lifestyle 1556:1564 arg1 diseases 1566:1573 diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1540:1573 diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1540:1573 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 4 63 theme Mobilization 686:697 arg1 patterns 699:706 Mobilization patterns 686:706 Mobilization patterns of total starch 686:722 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 2 64 from screening 318:326 arg1 programs 373:380 rice breeding programs 359:380 rice breeding programs 359:380 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 6 65 from analysis 1030:1037 arg1 lines 1085:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 0 66 theme starch 100:105 arg1 patterns 120:127 starch mobilization patterns 100:127 starch mobilization patterns during seed germination 100:151 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 3 67 dep in 478:479 arg1 vitro 481:485 vitro 481:485 vitro 481:485 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 6 68 theme starch 1115:1120 arg1 metabolism 1122:1131 starch metabolism 1115:1131 starch metabolism 1115:1131 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 7 69 theme slower 1375:1380 arg1 digestibility 1382:1394 slower digestibility 1375:1394 slower digestibility 1375:1394 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 8 70 theme new 1403:1405 arg1 insights 1407:1414 These new insights 1397:1414 These new insights 1397:1414 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 5 71 used used 956:959 arg2 measure 979:985 an alternative measure 964:985 an alternative measure to predict GI 964:999 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 5 71 used used 956:959 arg2 combination 908:918 The combination 904:918 The combination of these biochemical markers 904:947 The combination of these biochemical markers can be used as an alternative measure to predict GI. 28724910 0 72 theme glycemic 14:21 arg1 potential 23:31 glycemic potential 14:31 glycemic potential of rice 14:39 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 8 73 theme precision 1426:1434 arg1 programs 1445:1452 precision breeding programs 1426:1452 precision breeding programs 1426:1452 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 6 74 theme mRNA 1049:1052 arg1 transcripts 1054:1064 stored mRNA transcripts 1042:1064 stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines 1042:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 6 75 theme GI 1082:1083 arg1 lines 1085:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 high and low GI lines 1069:1089 Additionally, transcriptome analysis of stored mRNA transcripts in high and low GI lines detected differences in starch metabolism and confirmed the importance of seed storage pathways in influencing digestibility. 28724910 0 76 theme compositional 55:67 arg1 variations 69:78 compositional variations 55:78 compositional variations in mature grain 55:94 Investigating glycemic potential of rice by unraveling compositional variations in mature grain and starch mobilization patterns during seed germination. 28724910 7 77 theme wall 1302:1305 arg1 polysaccharides 1318:1332 cell wall non-starch polysaccharides 1297:1332 cell wall non-starch polysaccharides 1297:1332 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 2 78 theme breeding 364:371 arg1 programs 373:380 rice breeding programs 359:380 rice breeding programs 359:380 However, screening for low glycemic index (GI) in rice breeding programs is not possible due to time and cost constraints. 28724910 3 79 theme digestibility 671:683 arg1 patterns 652:659 patterns 652:659 patterns of starch digestibility 652:683 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 3 80 theme cooked 487:492 arg1 amylolysis 500:509 in vitro cooked grain amylolysis 478:509 in vitro cooked grain amylolysis 478:509 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 8 81 theme GI 1469:1470 arg1 rice 1472:1475 low GI rice 1465:1475 low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases 1465:1573 These new insights can guide precision breeding programs to produce low GI rice with acceptable cooking quality to help mitigate the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases. 28724910 3 82 theme in 478:479 arg1 amylolysis 500:509 in vitro cooked grain amylolysis 478:509 in vitro cooked grain amylolysis 478:509 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28724910 7 83 theme resistant 1279:1287 arg1 starch 1289:1294 resistant starch 1279:1294 resistant starch 1279:1294 Pathway analyses supported by metabolomics data revealed that resistant starch, cell wall non-starch polysaccharides and flavonoids potentially contribute to slower digestibility. 28724910 4 84 theme seed 798:801 arg1 germination 803:813 seed germination 798:813 seed germination 798:813 Mobilization patterns of total starch, resistant starch, amylose and amylopectin chains, and free sugars during seed germination revealed that the process is analogous to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract. 28724910 3 85 theme starch 512:517 arg1 patterns 532:539 starch mobilization patterns 512:539 starch mobilization patterns during seed germination 512:563 This study evaluated the feasibility of using in vitro cooked grain amylolysis, starch mobilization patterns during seed germination, and variation in starch structure and composition in the mature seed to differentiate patterns of starch digestibility. 28898654 9 0 theme Specialized 1668:1678 arg1 those 1705:1709 those 1705:1709 those 1705:1709 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 9 0 theme Specialized 1668:1678 arg1 walls 1690:1694 Specialized secondary walls 1668:1694 Specialized secondary walls 1668:1694 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 8 1 theme transpiration 1433:1445 arg1 stream 1447:1452 the transpiration stream 1429:1452 the transpiration stream 1429:1452 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 2 2 theme walls 291:295 arg1 presence 267:274 the presence 263:274 the presence of strong cell walls 263:295 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 8 3 theme membrane 1497:1504 arg1 area 1478:1481 the surface area 1466:1481 the surface area of the plasma membrane 1466:1504 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 10 4 theme Other 1851:1855 arg1 walls 1857:1861 Other walls 1851:1861 Other walls 1851:1861 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 3 5 theme necessary 451:459 arg1 extensibility 437:449 the extensibility 433:449 the extensibility necessary for growth 433:470 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 10 6 theme reserve 1881:1887 arg1 tissues 1889:1895 reserve tissues 1881:1895 reserve tissues 1881:1895 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 7 7 theme Figure 1209:1214 arg1 types 1202:1206 different cell types 1187:1206 different cell types (Figure 1E-G) 1187:1220 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 7 7 theme Figure 1209:1214 arg1 1E-G 1216:1219 Figure 1E-G 1209:1219 Figure 1E-G 1209:1219 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 9 8 theme seed 1724:1727 arg1 mucilage 1729:1736 seed mucilage 1724:1736 seed mucilage 1724:1736 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 3 9 dep 100 419:421 arg1 to 416:417 to 416:417 to 416:417 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 8 10 theme Figure 1551:1556 arg1 cells 1544:1548 cells 1544:1548 cells (Figure 1C) 1544:1560 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 10 theme Figure 1551:1556 arg1 1C 1558:1559 Figure 1C 1551:1559 Figure 1C 1551:1559 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 1 11 theme hydrostatic 167:177 arg1 skeleton 179:186 a hydrostatic skeleton 165:186 a hydrostatic skeleton 165:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 2 12 theme high 203:206 arg1 MPa 241:243 up to 1 MPa 233:243 up to 1 MPa 233:243 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 2 12 theme high 203:206 arg1 pressures 222:230 high intracellular pressures 203:230 high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa) 203:244 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 7 13 theme different 1187:1195 arg1 types 1202:1206 different cell types 1187:1206 different cell types (Figure 1E-G) 1187:1220 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 7 13 theme different 1187:1195 arg1 1E-G 1216:1219 Figure 1E-G 1209:1219 Figure 1E-G 1209:1219 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 10 14 theme storage 1931:1937 arg1 polysaccharides 1939:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 5 15 dep shapes 818:823 arg1 D 838:838 D 838:838 D 838:838 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 5 15 dep shapes 818:823 arg1 B 836:836 B 836:836 B 836:836 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 5 15 dep shapes 818:823 arg1 1A 833:834 Figure 1A 826:834 Figure 1A 826:834 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 8 16 theme important 1575:1583 arg1 deformation 1593:1603 important elastic deformation 1575:1603 important elastic deformation 1575:1603 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 5 17 theme large 758:762 arg1 increases 764:772 often very large increases 747:772 often very large increases in volume 747:782 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 8 18 theme fibre 1295:1299 arg1 cells 1301:1305 fibre cells 1295:1305 fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes 1295:1340 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 9 19 theme seedcoat 1774:1781 arg1 cells 1793:1797 seedcoat epidermis cells 1774:1797 seedcoat epidermis cells 1774:1797 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 5 20 from increases 764:772 arg1 volume 777:782 volume 777:782 volume 777:782 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 3 21 dep cells 319:323 arg1 called 331:336 called 331:336 called primary walls 331:350 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 1 22 theme large 46:50 arg1 surfaces 57:64 large leaf surfaces 46:64 large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 46:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 1 22 theme large 46:50 arg1 panels 100:105 two-dimensional solar panels 78:105 two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 78:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 6 23 theme wall 899:902 arg1 material 904:911 wall material 899:911 wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood 899:1016 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 3 24 theme cells 319:323 arg1 able 369:372 able 369:372 able 369:372 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 3 24 theme cells 319:323 arg1 walls 302:306 The walls 298:306 The walls 298:306 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 8 25 theme grass 1325:1329 arg1 internodes 1331:1340 grass internodes 1325:1340 grass internodes 1325:1340 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 10 26 from walls 1857:1861 arg1 particular 1867:1876 particular 1867:1876 particular 1867:1876 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 0 27 theme Plant 0:4 arg1 walls 11:15 Plant cell walls 0:15 Plant cell walls. 0:16 Plant cell walls. 28898654 1 28 with panels 100:105 arg1 investment 122:131 a minimum investment 112:131 a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 112:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 5 29 theme broad 801:805 arg1 variety 807:813 a broad variety 799:813 a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D) 799:839 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 5 29 theme broad 801:805 arg1 shapes 818:823 shapes 818:823 shapes (Figure 1A,B,D) 818:839 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 9 30 from form 1766:1769 arg1 cells 1793:1797 seedcoat epidermis cells 1774:1797 seedcoat epidermis cells 1774:1797 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 10 31 theme carbon 1991:1996 arg1 source 1998:2003 a carbon source 1989:2003 a carbon source 1989:2003 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 10 31 theme carbon 1991:1996 arg1 amounts 1920:1926 large amounts 1914:1926 large amounts 1914:1926 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 10 31 theme carbon 1991:1996 arg1 polysaccharides 1939:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 1 32 theme two-dimensional 78:92 arg1 surfaces 57:64 large leaf surfaces 46:64 large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 46:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 1 32 theme two-dimensional 78:92 arg1 panels 100:105 two-dimensional solar panels 78:105 two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 78:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 3 33 theme primary 338:344 arg1 walls 346:350 primary walls 338:350 primary walls 338:350 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 8 34 theme vascular 1378:1385 arg1 tissue 1387:1392 strengthening vascular tissue 1364:1392 strengthening vascular tissue 1364:1392 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 10 35 from tissues 1889:1895 arg1 particular 1867:1876 particular 1867:1876 particular 1867:1876 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 2 36 theme cell 286:289 arg1 walls 291:295 strong cell walls 279:295 strong cell walls 279:295 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 11 37 theme wall 2084:2087 arg1 growth 2089:2094 wall growth 2084:2094 wall growth 2084:2094 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 3 38 theme tensile 395:401 arg1 MPa 423:425 up to 100 MPa 413:425 up to 100 MPa 413:425 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 3 38 theme tensile 395:401 arg1 strength 403:410 extreme tensile strength 387:410 extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) 387:426 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 7 39 theme layers 1092:1097 arg1 architecture 1120:1131 architecture 1120:1131 architecture 1120:1131 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 7 39 theme layers 1092:1097 arg1 composition 1104:1114 composition 1104:1114 composition 1104:1114 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 8 40 theme surface 1470:1476 arg1 area 1478:1481 the surface area 1466:1481 the surface area of the plasma membrane 1466:1504 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 7 41 theme secondary 1077:1085 arg1 layers 1092:1097 down secondary wall layers 1072:1097 down secondary wall layers 1072:1097 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 9 42 theme secondary 1680:1688 arg1 those 1705:1709 those 1705:1709 those 1705:1709 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 9 42 theme secondary 1680:1688 arg1 walls 1690:1694 Specialized secondary walls 1668:1694 Specialized secondary walls 1668:1694 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 4 43 theme walled 477:482 arg1 organisms 484:492 All walled organisms 473:492 All walled organisms 473:492 All walled organisms are confronted with this dilemma - the need to balance strength and extensibility - and bacteria, fungi and plants have evolved independent solutions to cope. 28898654 8 44 theme stomates 1658:1665 arg1 closing 1647:1653 closing 1647:1653 closing of stomates 1647:1665 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 44 theme stomates 1658:1665 arg1 opening 1635:1641 the opening 1631:1641 the opening 1631:1641 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 45 theme plasma 1490:1495 arg1 membrane 1497:1504 the plasma membrane 1486:1504 the plasma membrane 1486:1504 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 46 theme stream 1447:1452 arg1 pressure 1417:1424 the negative pressure 1404:1424 the negative pressure of the transpiration stream 1404:1452 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 47 theme solute 1520:1525 arg1 exchange 1527:1534 solute exchange 1520:1534 solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C) 1520:1560 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 1 48 theme thanks 155:160 arg1 material 145:152 material 145:152 material 145:152 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 10 49 theme large 1914:1918 arg1 source 1998:2003 a carbon source 1989:2003 a carbon source 1989:2003 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 10 49 theme large 1914:1918 arg1 amounts 1920:1926 large amounts 1914:1926 large amounts 1914:1926 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 10 49 theme large 1914:1918 arg1 polysaccharides 1939:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 8 50 theme mechanical 1257:1266 arg1 support 1268:1274 mechanical support 1257:1274 mechanical support 1257:1274 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 11 51 theme general 2032:2038 arg1 principles 2040:2049 some general principles 2027:2049 some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies 2027:2132 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 2 52 theme intracellular 208:220 arg1 MPa 241:243 up to 1 MPa 233:243 up to 1 MPa 233:243 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 2 52 theme intracellular 208:220 arg1 pressures 222:230 high intracellular pressures 203:230 high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa) 203:244 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 10 53 theme polysaccharides 1939:1953 arg1 source 1998:2003 a carbon source 1989:2003 a carbon source 1989:2003 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 10 53 theme polysaccharides 1939:1953 arg1 amounts 1920:1926 large amounts 1914:1926 large amounts 1914:1926 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 10 53 theme polysaccharides 1939:1953 arg1 polysaccharides 1939:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 storage polysaccharides 1931:1953 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 1 54 theme solar 94:98 arg1 surfaces 57:64 large leaf surfaces 46:64 large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 46:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 1 54 theme solar 94:98 arg1 panels 100:105 two-dimensional solar panels 78:105 two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 78:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 7 55 theme cell 1197:1200 arg1 types 1202:1206 different cell types 1187:1206 different cell types (Figure 1E-G) 1187:1220 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 7 55 theme cell 1197:1200 arg1 1E-G 1216:1219 Figure 1E-G 1209:1219 Figure 1E-G 1209:1219 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 6 56 theme shape 847:851 arg1 variation 853:861 This shape variation 842:861 This shape variation 842:861 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 9 57 theme dehydrated 1755:1764 arg1 form 1766:1769 a dehydrated form 1753:1769 a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells 1753:1797 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 11 58 theme wall 2062:2065 arg1 architecture 2067:2078 wall architecture 2062:2078 wall architecture 2062:2078 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 6 59 theme cell-wall 947:955 arg1 extensibility 957:969 cell-wall extensibility 947:969 cell-wall extensibility 947:969 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 1 60 theme minimum 114:120 arg1 investment 122:131 a minimum investment 112:131 a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 112:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 7 61 theme specific 1165:1172 arg1 functions 1174:1182 specific functions 1165:1182 specific functions 1165:1182 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 2 62 dep 1 239:239 arg1 to 236:237 to 236:237 to 236:237 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 7 63 theme final 1049:1053 arg1 size 1055:1058 its final size 1045:1058 its final size 1045:1058 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 8 64 theme elastic 1585:1591 arg1 deformation 1593:1603 important elastic deformation 1575:1603 important elastic deformation 1575:1603 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 65 theme tree 1310:1313 arg1 trunks 1315:1320 tree trunks 1310:1320 tree trunks 1310:1320 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 9 66 theme epidermis 1783:1791 arg1 cells 1793:1797 seedcoat epidermis cells 1774:1797 seedcoat epidermis cells 1774:1797 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 5 67 theme shapes 818:823 arg1 variety 807:813 a broad variety 799:813 a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D) 799:839 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 5 67 theme shapes 818:823 arg1 shapes 818:823 shapes 818:823 shapes (Figure 1A,B,D) 818:839 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 11 68 theme recent 2119:2124 arg1 studies 2126:2132 recent studies 2119:2132 recent studies 2119:2132 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 1 69 theme leaf 52:55 arg1 surfaces 57:64 large leaf surfaces 46:64 large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 46:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 1 69 theme leaf 52:55 arg1 panels 100:105 two-dimensional solar panels 78:105 two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton 78:186 Plants are able to generate large leaf surfaces that act as two-dimensional solar panels with a minimum investment in building material, thanks to a hydrostatic skeleton. 28898654 6 70 theme material 904:911 arg1 deposition 885:894 the targeted deposition 872:894 the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood 872:1016 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 3 71 dep called 331:336 arg1 also 326:329 also 326:329 also 326:329 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 9 72 theme rapid 1808:1812 arg1 swelling 1814:1821 rapid swelling 1808:1821 rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed 1808:1848 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 0 73 theme cell 6:9 arg1 walls 11:15 Plant cell walls 0:15 Plant cell walls. 0:16 Plant cell walls. 28898654 4 74 theme independent 622:632 arg1 solutions 634:642 independent solutions 622:642 independent solutions to cope 622:650 All walled organisms are confronted with this dilemma - the need to balance strength and extensibility - and bacteria, fungi and plants have evolved independent solutions to cope. 28898654 8 75 from cells 1301:1305 arg1 trunks 1315:1320 tree trunks 1310:1320 tree trunks 1310:1320 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 75 from cells 1301:1305 arg1 internodes 1331:1340 grass internodes 1325:1340 grass internodes 1325:1340 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 6 76 theme targeted 876:883 arg1 deposition 885:894 the targeted deposition 872:894 the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood 872:1016 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 3 77 theme growing 311:317 arg1 cells 319:323 growing cells 311:323 growing cells (also called primary walls) 311:351 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 8 78 theme strengthening 1364:1376 arg1 tissue 1387:1392 strengthening vascular tissue 1364:1392 strengthening vascular tissue 1364:1392 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 5 79 theme Figure 826:831 arg1 D 838:838 D 838:838 D 838:838 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 5 79 theme Figure 826:831 arg1 B 836:836 B 836:836 B 836:836 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 5 79 theme Figure 826:831 arg1 1A 833:834 Figure 1A 826:834 Figure 1A 826:834 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 28898654 3 80 theme extreme 387:393 arg1 MPa 423:425 up to 100 MPa 413:425 up to 100 MPa 413:425 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 3 80 theme extreme 387:393 arg1 strength 403:410 extreme tensile strength 387:410 extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) 387:426 The walls of growing cells (also called primary walls), are remarkably able to reconcile extreme tensile strength (up to 100 MPa) with the extensibility necessary for growth. 28898654 4 81 dep balance 541:547 arg1 strength 549:556 strength 549:556 strength 549:556 All walled organisms are confronted with this dilemma - the need to balance strength and extensibility - and bacteria, fungi and plants have evolved independent solutions to cope. 28898654 9 82 theme seed 1845:1848 arg1 hydration 1828:1836 hydration 1828:1836 hydration of the seed 1828:1848 Specialized secondary walls, such as those constituting seed mucilage, are stored in a dehydrated form in seedcoat epidermis cells and show rapid swelling upon hydration of the seed. 28898654 10 83 from particular 1867:1876 arg1 tissues 1889:1895 reserve tissues 1881:1895 reserve tissues 1881:1895 Other walls, in particular in reserve tissues, can accommodate large amounts of storage polysaccharides, which can be easily mobilized as a carbon source. 28898654 11 84 dep discuss 2019:2025 arg1 will 2014:2017 will 2014:2017 will 2014:2017 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 2 85 theme strong 279:284 arg1 walls 291:295 strong cell walls 279:295 strong cell walls 279:295 This requires high intracellular pressures (up to 1 MPa), which depend on the presence of strong cell walls. 28898654 11 86 theme future 2146:2151 arg1 Box 2182:2184 Box 1 2182:2186 Box 1 2182:2186 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 11 86 theme future 2146:2151 arg1 questions 2153:2161 future questions 2146:2161 future questions for investigation (Box 1) 2146:2187 Here we will discuss some general principles underlying wall architecture and wall growth that have emerged from recent studies, as well as future questions for investigation (Box 1). 28898654 7 87 theme wall 1087:1090 arg1 layers 1092:1097 down secondary wall layers 1072:1097 down secondary wall layers 1072:1097 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 8 88 theme negative 1408:1415 arg1 pressure 1417:1424 the negative pressure 1404:1424 the negative pressure of the transpiration stream 1404:1452 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 8 89 theme Such 1223:1226 arg1 functions 1228:1236 Such functions 1223:1236 Such functions 1223:1236 Such functions include: providing mechanical support, for instance, for fibre cells in tree trunks or grass internodes; impermeabilising and strengthening vascular tissue to resist the negative pressure of the transpiration stream; increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane to facilitate solute exchange between cells (Figure 1C); or allowing important elastic deformation, for instance, to support the opening and closing of stomates. 28898654 6 90 theme local 927:931 arg1 processes 972:980 processes 972:980 processes that remain incompletely understood 972:1016 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 6 90 theme local 927:931 arg1 variations 933:942 local variations 927:942 local variations in cell-wall extensibility 927:969 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 7 91 theme down 1072:1075 arg1 layers 1092:1097 down secondary wall layers 1072:1097 down secondary wall layers 1072:1097 Once the cell has reached its final size, it can lay down secondary wall layers, the composition and architecture of which are optimized to exert specific functions in different cell types (Figure 1E-G). 28898654 6 92 from variations 933:942 arg1 extensibility 957:969 cell-wall extensibility 947:969 cell-wall extensibility 947:969 This shape variation reflects the targeted deposition of wall material combined with local variations in cell-wall extensibility, processes that remain incompletely understood. 28898654 5 93 theme plant 684:688 arg1 cells 690:694 plant cells 684:694 plant cells 684:694 In this Primer, we discuss how plant cells have solved this problem, allowing them to support often very large increases in volume and to develop a broad variety of shapes (Figure 1A,B,D). 24176351 0 0 theme Boletus 85:91 arg1 edulis 93:98 Boletus edulis 85:98 Boletus edulis 85:98 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 1 1 theme Da 308:309 arg1 weight 288:293 a molecular weight 276:293 a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da 276:309 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 2 theme 2-d- 649:652 arg1 units 670:674 the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 645:674 the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 645:674 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 3 with backbone 734:741 arg1 unit 772:775 a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 748:775 a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 748:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 4 theme β-d-glucosyl 759:770 arg1 unit 772:775 a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 748:775 a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 748:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 5 theme β-d- 711:714 arg1 backbone 734:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone 604:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 604:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 2 6 theme 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00 433:451 arg1 ratio 424:428 the ratio 420:428 the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00 420:451 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 0 7 from investigation 11:23 arg1 bodies 75:80 the fruiting bodies 62:80 the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis 62:98 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 1 8 theme Sephacryl 254:262 arg1 S-300 264:268 Sephacryl S-300 254:268 Sephacryl S-300 254:268 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 9 theme terminal 606:613 arg1 backbone 734:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone 604:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 604:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 10 theme -4-O-Me-glucopyranan 686:705 arg1 backbone 734:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone 604:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 604:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 0 11 theme edulis 93:98 arg1 bodies 75:80 the fruiting bodies 62:80 the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis 62:98 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 2 12 theme Sugar 312:316 arg1 composition 318:328 Sugar composition 312:328 Sugar composition of BEPF1 312:337 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 3 13 theme unit 630:633 arg1 terminal 606:613 terminal 606:613 terminal 606:613 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 14 theme Methylation 454:464 arg1 analysis 466:473 Methylation analysis 454:473 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy 454:523 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 15 theme fruiting 174:181 arg1 bodies 183:188 the fruiting bodies 170:188 the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction 170:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 16 from unit 630:633 arg1 O-2 638:640 O-2 638:640 O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 638:674 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 17 attach isolated 156:163 arg1 bodies 183:188 the fruiting bodies 170:188 the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction 170:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 17 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 BEPF1 145:149 BEPF1 145:149 BEPF1 145:149 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 17 attach isolated 156:163 arg2 heteropolysaccharide 123:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 101:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 101:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 0 18 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 0:99 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 3 19 theme 2→6 654:656 arg1 units 670:674 the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 645:674 the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 645:674 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 20 theme Boletus 193:199 arg1 edulis 201:206 Boletus edulis 193:206 Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction 193:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 21 theme molecular 278:286 arg1 weight 288:293 a molecular weight 276:293 a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da 276:309 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 22 contain contained 789:797 arg1 it 781:782 it 781:782 it 781:782 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 22 contain contained 789:797 arg2 minor 801:805 minor 801:805 minor 801:805 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 23 theme novel 103:107 arg1 BEPF1 145:149 BEPF1 145:149 BEPF1 145:149 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 23 theme novel 103:107 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 123:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 101:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 101:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 24 theme edulis 201:206 arg1 bodies 183:188 the fruiting bodies 170:188 the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction 170:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 0 25 theme heteropolysaccharide 36:55 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 0:99 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 1 26 dep Da 308:309 arg1 4 306:306 4 306:306 4 306:306 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 27 theme 1→6 570:572 arg1 backbone 590:597 α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone 565:597 α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 565:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 0 28 theme novel 30:34 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 36:55 a novel heteropolysaccharide 28:55 a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis 28:98 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 3 29 theme units 670:674 arg1 O-2 638:640 O-2 638:640 O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 638:674 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 30 with edulis 201:206 arg1 extraction 227:236 boiling water extraction 213:236 boiling water extraction 213:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 0 31 from bodies 75:80 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 36:55 a novel heteropolysaccharide 28:55 a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis 28:98 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 0 31 from bodies 75:80 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 0:99 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 1 32 theme boiling 213:219 arg1 extraction 227:236 boiling water extraction 213:236 boiling water extraction 213:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 33 theme 1.08×10 298:304 arg1 Da 308:309 1.08×10(4)Da 298:309 1.08×10(4)Da 298:309 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 34 theme α-d- 565:568 arg1 backbone 590:597 α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone 565:597 α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 565:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 35 theme 2D 505:506 arg1 spectroscopy 512:523 2D NMR spectroscopy 505:523 2D NMR spectroscopy 505:523 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 36 theme water-soluble 109:121 arg1 BEPF1 145:149 BEPF1 145:149 BEPF1 145:149 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 1 36 theme water-soluble 109:121 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 123:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 101:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide 101:142 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 37 theme α-l-fucosyl 618:628 arg1 unit 630:633 α-l-fucosyl unit 618:633 α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 618:674 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 38 theme NMR 508:510 arg1 spectroscopy 512:523 2D NMR spectroscopy 505:523 2D NMR spectroscopy 505:523 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 39 theme 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan 810:829 arg1 residues 831:838 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues 810:838 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues 810:838 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 40 dep H 492:492 arg1 1 490:490 1 490:490 1 490:490 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 41 theme -glucopyranan 720:732 arg1 backbone 734:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone 604:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 604:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 42 theme -galactosyl 658:668 arg1 units 670:674 the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 645:674 the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units 645:674 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 3 43 theme residues 831:838 arg1 minor 801:805 minor 801:805 minor 801:805 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 1 44 theme water 221:225 arg1 extraction 227:236 boiling water extraction 213:236 boiling water extraction 213:236 A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide, BEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis with boiling water extraction and purified by Sephacryl S-300, with a molecular weight of 1.08×10(4)Da. 24176351 3 45 dep β-d- 711:714 arg1 1→6 716:718 1→6 716:718 1→6 716:718 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 2 46 from l-fucose 370:377 arg1 ratio 424:428 the ratio 420:428 the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00 420:451 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 3 47 with backbone 590:597 arg1 backbone 734:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone 604:741 a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 604:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 2 48 from d-galactose 405:415 arg1 ratio 424:428 the ratio 420:428 the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00 420:451 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 3 49 theme -galactopyranan 574:588 arg1 backbone 590:597 α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone 565:597 α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 565:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 24176351 0 50 theme fruiting 66:73 arg1 bodies 75:80 the fruiting bodies 62:80 the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis 62:98 Structural investigation of a novel heteropolysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Boletus edulis. 24176351 2 51 from d-glucose 391:399 arg1 ratio 424:428 the ratio 420:428 the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00 420:451 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 2 52 from d-mannose 380:388 arg1 ratio 424:428 the ratio 420:428 the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00 420:451 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 2 53 theme BEPF1 333:337 arg1 composition 318:328 Sugar composition 312:328 Sugar composition of BEPF1 312:337 Sugar composition of BEPF1 showed that it was composed of l-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose and d-galactose in the ratio of 0.21:0.23:1.17:1.00. 24176351 3 54 theme terminal 750:757 arg1 unit 772:775 a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 748:775 a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit 748:775 Methylation analysis together with (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR spectroscopy established that BEPF1 was consisted of α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan backbone with a terminal of α-l-fucosyl unit on O-2 of the 2-d-(2→6)-galactosyl units, β-d-(1→6)-4-O-Me-glucopyranan and β-d-(1→6)-glucopyranan backbone with a terminal β-d-glucosyl unit and it also contained a minor of 2,6-β-d-Mannopyranan residues. 25803296 12 0 theme ACII 1878:1881 arg1 digestion 1883:1891 chondroitinase ACII digestion 1863:1891 chondroitinase ACII digestion 1863:1891 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 0 1 from elasmobranchs 37:49 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks 0:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 10 2 theme Isurus 1574:1579 arg1 oxyrinchus 1581:1590 Isurus oxyrinchus 1574:1590 Isurus oxyrinchus 1574:1590 Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. 25803296 12 3 theme oligosaccharide 1825:1839 arg1 residues 1841:1848 oligosaccharide residues 1825:1848 oligosaccharide residues 1825:1848 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 3 4 theme hyaluronic 545:554 arg1 acid 556:559 hyaluronic acid 545:559 hyaluronic acid (HA) 545:564 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 4 theme hyaluronic 545:554 arg1 HA 562:563 HA 562:563 HA 562:563 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 13 5 from contents 2045:2052 arg1 domain 2089:2094 these IdoA-rich domain 2073:2094 these IdoA-rich domain 2073:2094 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 1 6 theme Shark 195:199 arg1 fin 201:203 Shark fin 195:203 Shark fin 195:203 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 1 6 theme Shark 195:199 arg1 source 232:237 a rich source 225:237 a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities 225:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 7 7 theme Prionace 1269:1276 arg1 % 1266:1266 63.9% 1262:1266 63.9% (Prionace glauca) 1262:1284 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 7 theme Prionace 1269:1276 arg1 glauca 1278:1283 Prionace glauca 1269:1283 Prionace glauca 1269:1283 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 5 8 theme Characteristic 850:863 arg1 units 878:882 Characteristic disaccharide units 850:882 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS 850:900 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS were comprised of C- and D-type units. 25803296 6 9 theme Prionace 1084:1091 arg1 glauca 1093:1098 Prionace glauca 1084:1098 Prionace glauca 1084:1098 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 13 10 theme immediate 2195:2203 arg1 vicinity 2205:2212 the immediate vicinity 2191:2212 the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain 2191:2236 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 0 11 theme dried 142:146 arg1 fins 148:151 the dried fins 138:151 the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 138:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 7 12 from composition 1133:1143 arg1 shark 1199:1203 shark CS/DS 1199:1209 shark CS/DS 1199:1209 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 12 13 theme IdoA 1913:1916 arg1 units 1929:1933 the IdoA and B-type units 1909:1933 units 1929:1933 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 0 14 theme oxyrinchus 163:172 arg1 fins 148:151 the dried fins 138:151 the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 138:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 11 15 theme neurite 1771:1777 arg1 activity 1789:1796 neurite outgrowth activity 1771:1796 neurite outgrowth activity 1771:1796 These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. 25803296 12 16 theme B-type 1922:1927 arg1 units 1929:1933 the IdoA and B-type units 1909:1933 units 1929:1933 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 0 17 theme Prionace 178:185 arg1 glauca 187:192 Prionace glauca 178:192 Prionace glauca 178:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 3 18 theme Prionace 599:606 arg1 oxyrinchus 587:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 18 theme Prionace 599:606 arg1 glauca 608:613 Prionace glauca 599:613 Prionace glauca 599:613 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 2 19 theme sea 504:506 arg1 sharks 508:513 several deep sea sharks 491:513 several deep sea sharks 491:513 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 7 20 theme Isurus 1232:1237 arg1 % 1229:1229 58.8% 1225:1229 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus) 1225:1249 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 20 theme Isurus 1232:1237 arg1 oxyrinchus 1239:1248 Isurus oxyrinchus 1232:1248 Isurus oxyrinchus 1232:1248 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 6 21 theme CS/dermatan 978:988 arg1 sulfate 990:996 CS/dermatan sulfate 978:996 CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 978:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 21 theme CS/dermatan 978:988 arg1 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 2 22 theme several 491:497 arg1 sharks 508:513 several deep sea sharks 491:513 several deep sea sharks 491:513 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 0 23 from glycosaminoglycans 15:32 arg1 sharks 78:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 0 23 from glycosaminoglycans 15:32 arg1 elasmobranchs 37:49 elasmobranchs 37:49 elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks 37:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 5 24 theme most 887:890 arg1 units 878:882 Characteristic disaccharide units 850:882 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS 850:900 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS were comprised of C- and D-type units. 25803296 0 25 from Composition 0:10 arg1 sharks 78:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 0 25 from Composition 0:10 arg1 elasmobranchs 37:49 elasmobranchs 37:49 elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks 37:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 0 26 theme chondroitin/dermatan 104:123 arg1 sulfate 125:131 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 104:131 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 104:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 1 27 theme nutraceutical 348:360 arg1 application 381:391 their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application 342:391 their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application 342:391 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 9 28 theme Shark 1391:1395 arg1 CS/DS 1397:1401 Shark CS/DS 1391:1401 Shark CS/DS 1391:1401 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 11 29 theme IdoA-rich 1729:1737 arg1 CS/DS 1749:1753 CS/DS 1749:1753 CS/DS 1749:1753 These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. 25803296 11 29 theme IdoA-rich 1729:1737 arg1 domain 1739:1744 the IdoA-rich domain 1725:1744 the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS 1725:1753 These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. 25803296 1 30 theme pharmaceutical 366:379 arg1 application 381:391 their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application 342:391 their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application 342:391 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 8 31 theme D-type 1377:1382 arg1 units 1384:1388 D-type units 1377:1388 D-type units 1377:1388 Furthermore, a substantial proportion of this CS/DS consisted of E-, B- and D-type units. 25803296 0 32 dep identification 86:99 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks 0:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 0 33 theme glycosaminoglycans 15:32 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks 0:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 2 34 attach derived 425:431 arg2 GAGs 420:423 GAGs 420:423 GAGs derived from the fin 420:444 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 2 34 attach derived 425:431 arg1 fin 442:444 the fin 438:444 the fin 438:444 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 9 35 theme hippocampal 1435:1445 arg1 neurons 1447:1453 hippocampal neurons 1435:1453 hippocampal neurons 1435:1453 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 13 36 from located 2167:2173 arg1 vicinity 2205:2212 the immediate vicinity 2191:2212 the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain 2191:2236 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 2 37 theme GAGs 420:423 arg1 survey 410:415 A comprehensive survey 394:415 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin 394:444 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 0 38 theme several 61:67 arg1 sharks 78:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 1 39 theme important 298:306 arg1 activities 319:328 important biological activities 298:328 important biological activities 298:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 9 40 theme similar 1460:1466 arg1 level 1468:1472 a similar level 1458:1472 a similar level 1458:1472 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 6 41 theme Isurus 1062:1067 arg1 oxyrinchus 1069:1078 Isurus oxyrinchus 1062:1078 Isurus oxyrinchus 1062:1078 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 10 42 theme Prionace 1596:1603 arg1 glauca 1605:1610 Prionace glauca 1596:1610 Prionace glauca 1596:1610 Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 glauca 608:613 Prionace glauca 599:613 Prionace glauca 599:613 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg2 CS 537:538 CS 537:538 CS 537:538 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 griseus 712:718 Mustelus griseus 703:718 Mustelus griseus 703:718 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 torazame 629:636 Scyliorhinus torazame 616:636 Scyliorhinus torazame 616:636 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 anguineus 671:679 Chlamydoselachus anguineus 654:679 Chlamydoselachus anguineus 654:679 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg2 sulfate 528:534 Chondroitin sulfate 516:534 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 516:539 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 oxyrinchus 587:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg2 acid 556:559 hyaluronic acid 545:559 hyaluronic acid (HA) 545:564 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 akajei 733:738 Dasyatis akajei 724:738 Dasyatis akajei 724:738 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg2 HA 562:563 HA 562:563 HA 562:563 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 calcea 646:651 Deania calcea 639:651 Deania calcea 639:651 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 43 located found 571:575 arg1 owatoni 694:700 owatoni 694:700 owatoni 694:700 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 12 44 theme chondroitinase 1863:1876 arg1 digestion 1883:1891 chondroitinase ACII digestion 1863:1891 chondroitinase ACII digestion 1863:1891 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 9 45 theme invertebrate 1493:1504 arg1 species 1506:1512 invertebrate species 1493:1512 invertebrate species 1493:1512 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 7 46 theme iduronic 1175:1182 arg1 acid 1184:1187 iduronic acid 1175:1187 iduronic acid (IdoA) 1175:1194 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 46 theme iduronic 1175:1182 arg1 IdoA 1190:1193 IdoA 1190:1193 IdoA 1190:1193 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 13 47 from units 2064:2068 arg1 domain 2089:2094 these IdoA-rich domain 2073:2094 these IdoA-rich domain 2073:2094 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 10 48 theme Kd 1623:1624 arg1 values 1626:1631 Kd values 1623:1631 Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively 1623:1686 Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. 25803296 1 49 theme glycosaminoglyans 242:258 arg1 fin 201:203 Shark fin 195:203 Shark fin 195:203 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 1 49 theme glycosaminoglyans 242:258 arg1 source 232:237 a rich source 225:237 a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities 225:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 13 50 theme dependent 2118:2126 arg1 manner 2128:2133 a length dependent manner 2109:2133 a length dependent manner 2109:2133 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 12 51 theme residues 1841:1848 arg1 examination 1810:1820 A detailed examination 1799:1820 A detailed examination 1799:1820 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 10 52 from oxyrinchus 1581:1590 arg1 CS/DS 1563:1567 CS/DS 1563:1567 CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 1563:1610 Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. 25803296 13 53 from domain 2089:2094 arg1 contents 2045:2052 the contents 2041:2052 the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain 2041:2094 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 10 54 theme nM 1641:1642 arg1 values 1626:1631 Kd values 1623:1631 Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively 1623:1686 Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. 25803296 6 55 theme glauca 1093:1098 arg1 fin 1026:1028 the dried fin 1016:1028 the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 1016:1098 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 12 56 theme C-type 1953:1958 arg1 units 1960:1964 C-type units 1953:1964 C-type units 1953:1964 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 1 57 contain having 291:296 arg2 activities 319:328 important biological activities 298:328 important biological activities 298:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 1 57 contain having 291:296 arg1 glycosaminoglyans 242:258 glycosaminoglyans 242:258 glycosaminoglyans (GAGs) 242:265 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 1 57 contain having 291:296 arg1 polysaccharides 275:289 acidic polysaccharides 268:289 acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities 268:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 12 58 theme detailed 1801:1808 arg1 examination 1810:1820 A detailed examination 1799:1820 A detailed examination 1799:1820 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 13 59 theme units 2064:2068 arg1 contents 2045:2052 the contents 2041:2052 the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain 2041:2094 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 3 60 theme Dasyatis 724:731 arg1 akajei 733:738 Dasyatis akajei 724:738 Dasyatis akajei 724:738 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 60 theme Dasyatis 724:731 arg1 oxyrinchus 587:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 0 61 theme Isurus 156:161 arg1 oxyrinchus 163:172 Isurus oxyrinchus 156:172 Isurus oxyrinchus 156:172 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 11 62 theme outgrowth 1779:1787 arg1 activity 1789:1796 neurite outgrowth activity 1771:1796 neurite outgrowth activity 1771:1796 These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. 25803296 12 63 located found 1971:1975 arg2 units 1929:1933 the IdoA and B-type units 1909:1933 units 1929:1933 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 12 63 located found 1971:1975 arg1 clusters 1980:1987 clusters 1980:1987 clusters in shark CS/DS 1980:2002 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 12 63 located found 1971:1975 arg2 A- 1946:1947 A- 1946:1947 A- 1946:1947 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 8 64 theme substantial 1316:1326 arg1 proportion 1328:1337 a substantial proportion 1314:1337 a substantial proportion of this CS/DS 1314:1351 Furthermore, a substantial proportion of this CS/DS consisted of E-, B- and D-type units. 25803296 9 65 attach derived 1480:1486 arg1 species 1506:1512 invertebrate species 1493:1512 invertebrate species 1493:1512 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 9 65 attach derived 1480:1486 arg2 DS 1477:1478 DS 1477:1478 DS derived from invertebrate species 1477:1512 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 13 66 from vicinity 2205:2212 arg1 located 2167:2173 located 2167:2173 located 2167:2173 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 0 67 theme glauca 187:192 arg1 fins 148:151 the dried fins 138:151 the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 138:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 13 68 theme IdoA-rich 2079:2087 arg1 domain 2089:2094 these IdoA-rich domain 2073:2094 these IdoA-rich domain 2073:2094 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 10 69 from glauca 1605:1610 arg1 CS/DS 1563:1567 CS/DS 1563:1567 CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 1563:1610 Midkine and pleiotrophin interact strongly with CS/DS from Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca, affording Kd values of 1.07 nM, 6.25 nM and 1.70 nM, 1.88 nM, respectively. 25803296 8 70 theme CS/DS 1347:1351 arg1 proportion 1328:1337 a substantial proportion 1314:1337 a substantial proportion of this CS/DS 1314:1351 Furthermore, a substantial proportion of this CS/DS consisted of E-, B- and D-type units. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 glauca 608:613 Prionace glauca 599:613 Prionace glauca 599:613 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 griseus 712:718 Mustelus griseus 703:718 Mustelus griseus 703:718 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 torazame 629:636 Scyliorhinus torazame 616:636 Scyliorhinus torazame 616:636 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 anguineus 671:679 Chlamydoselachus anguineus 654:679 Chlamydoselachus anguineus 654:679 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 oxyrinchus 587:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 akajei 733:738 Dasyatis akajei 724:738 Dasyatis akajei 724:738 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 calcea 646:651 Deania calcea 639:651 Deania calcea 639:651 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 71 theme Isurus 580:585 arg1 owatoni 694:700 owatoni 694:700 owatoni 694:700 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 5 72 theme disaccharide 865:876 arg1 units 878:882 Characteristic disaccharide units 850:882 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS 850:900 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS were comprised of C- and D-type units. 25803296 6 73 theme sulfate 990:996 arg1 amount 968:973 substantial amount 956:973 substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 956:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 73 theme sulfate 990:996 arg1 sulfate 990:996 CS/dermatan sulfate 978:996 CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 978:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 73 theme sulfate 990:996 arg1 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 2 74 theme deep 499:502 arg1 sharks 508:513 several deep sea sharks 491:513 several deep sea sharks 491:513 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 6 75 located found 1007:1011 arg2 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 75 located found 1007:1011 arg2 sulfate 990:996 CS/dermatan sulfate 978:996 CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 978:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 75 located found 1007:1011 arg1 fin 1026:1028 the dried fin 1016:1028 the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 1016:1098 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 75 located found 1007:1011 arg2 amount 968:973 substantial amount 956:973 substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 956:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 7 76 theme glucuronic 1148:1157 arg1 GlcA 1165:1168 GlcA 1165:1168 GlcA 1165:1168 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 76 theme glucuronic 1148:1157 arg1 acid 1159:1162 glucuronic acid 1148:1162 glucuronic acid (GlcA) 1148:1169 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 77 theme acid 1159:1162 arg1 % 1219:1219 41.2% 1215:1219 41.2% 1215:1219 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 77 theme acid 1159:1162 arg1 composition 1133:1143 the composition 1129:1143 the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS 1129:1209 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 13 78 theme B-type 2057:2062 arg1 units 2064:2068 B-type units 2057:2068 B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain 2057:2094 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 0 79 theme sulfate 125:131 arg1 identification 86:99 identification 86:99 identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 86:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 5 80 theme D-type 927:932 arg1 units 934:938 D-type units 927:938 D-type units 927:938 Characteristic disaccharide units of most of the CS were comprised of C- and D-type units. 25803296 6 81 theme substantial 956:966 arg1 amount 968:973 substantial amount 956:973 substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 956:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 81 theme substantial 956:966 arg1 sulfate 990:996 CS/dermatan sulfate 978:996 CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) 978:1001 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 81 theme substantial 956:966 arg1 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 DS 999:1000 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 13 82 theme IdoA-rich 2221:2229 arg1 domain 2231:2236 the IdoA-rich domain 2217:2236 the IdoA-rich domain 2217:2236 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 13 83 theme domain 2231:2236 arg1 vicinity 2205:2212 the immediate vicinity 2191:2212 the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain 2191:2236 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 2 84 theme comprehensive 396:408 arg1 survey 410:415 A comprehensive survey 394:415 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin 394:444 A comprehensive survey of GAGs derived from the fin was performed on 11 elasmobranchs, including several deep sea sharks. 25803296 13 85 located located 2167:2173 arg1 vicinity 2205:2212 the immediate vicinity 2191:2212 the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain 2191:2236 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 13 85 located located 2167:2173 arg2 C- 2142:2143 C- 2142:2143 C- 2142:2143 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 13 85 located located 2167:2173 arg2 units 2156:2160 D-type units 2149:2160 D-type units 2149:2160 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 9 86 theme neurite 1414:1420 arg1 outgrowth 1422:1430 neurite outgrowth 1414:1430 neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons 1414:1453 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 6 87 theme dried 1020:1024 arg1 fin 1026:1028 the dried fin 1016:1028 the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 1016:1098 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 0 88 from identification 86:99 arg1 fins 148:151 the dried fins 138:151 the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 138:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 7 89 theme 1H-NMR 1101:1106 arg1 analysis 1108:1115 1H-NMR analysis 1101:1115 1H-NMR analysis 1101:1115 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 3 90 theme Scyliorhinus 616:627 arg1 oxyrinchus 587:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Isurus oxyrinchus 580:596 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 90 theme Scyliorhinus 616:627 arg1 torazame 629:636 Scyliorhinus torazame 616:636 Scyliorhinus torazame 616:636 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 91 theme Chondroitin 516:526 arg1 CS 537:538 CS 537:538 CS 537:538 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 3 91 theme Chondroitin 516:526 arg1 sulfate 528:534 Chondroitin sulfate 516:534 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) 516:539 Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were found in Isurus oxyrinchus, Prionace glauca, Scyliorhinus torazame, Deania calcea, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, Mitsukurina owatoni, Mustelus griseus and Dasyatis akajei, respectively. 25803296 1 92 theme acidic 268:273 arg1 glycosaminoglyans 242:258 glycosaminoglyans 242:258 glycosaminoglyans (GAGs) 242:265 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 1 92 theme acidic 268:273 arg1 polysaccharides 275:289 acidic polysaccharides 268:289 acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities 268:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 9 93 theme neurons 1447:1453 arg1 outgrowth 1422:1430 neurite outgrowth 1414:1430 neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons 1414:1453 Shark CS/DS stimulated neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons at a similar level as DS derived from invertebrate species. 25803296 11 94 theme CS/DS 1749:1753 arg1 CS/DS 1749:1753 CS/DS 1749:1753 CS/DS 1749:1753 These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. 25803296 11 94 theme CS/DS 1749:1753 arg1 domain 1739:1744 the IdoA-rich domain 1725:1744 the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS 1725:1753 These results strongly suggest that the IdoA-rich domain of CS/DS is required for neurite outgrowth activity. 25803296 0 95 theme deep-sea 69:76 arg1 sharks 78:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 several deep-sea sharks 61:83 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 6 96 theme oxyrinchus 1069:1078 arg1 fin 1026:1028 the dried fin 1016:1028 the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 1016:1098 Interestingly, substantial amount of CS/dermatan sulfate (DS) was found in the dried fin (without skin and cartilage) of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 1 97 theme biological 308:317 arg1 activities 319:328 important biological activities 298:328 important biological activities 298:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 13 98 theme D-type 2149:2154 arg1 units 2156:2160 D-type units 2149:2160 D-type units 2149:2160 In addition, it was discovered that the contents of B-type units in these IdoA-rich domain increased in a length dependent manner, while C- and D-type units were located particularly in the immediate vicinity of the IdoA-rich domain. 25803296 7 99 theme acid 1184:1187 arg1 % 1219:1219 41.2% 1215:1219 41.2% 1215:1219 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 7 99 theme acid 1184:1187 arg1 composition 1133:1143 the composition 1129:1143 the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS 1129:1209 1H-NMR analysis showed that the composition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and iduronic acid (IdoA) in shark CS/DS was 41.2% and 58.8% (Isurus oxyrinchus), 36.1% and 63.9% (Prionace glauca), respectively. 25803296 0 100 from fins 148:151 arg1 identification 86:99 identification 86:99 identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 86:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 0 100 from fins 148:151 arg1 sulfate 125:131 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate 104:131 chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca 104:192 Composition of glycosaminoglycans in elasmobranchs including several deep-sea sharks: identification of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate from the dried fins of Isurus oxyrinchus and Prionace glauca. 25803296 12 101 from clusters 1980:1987 arg1 shark 1992:1996 shark CS/DS 1992:2002 shark CS/DS 1992:2002 A detailed examination of oligosaccharide residues, produced by chondroitinase ACII digestion, suggested that the IdoA and B-type units as well as A- and C-type units were found in clusters in shark CS/DS. 25803296 1 102 theme rich 227:230 arg1 fin 201:203 Shark fin 195:203 Shark fin 195:203 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 25803296 1 102 theme rich 227:230 arg1 source 232:237 a rich source 225:237 a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities 225:328 Shark fin, used as a food, is a rich source of glycosaminoglyans (GAGs), acidic polysaccharides having important biological activities, suggesting their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. 24818698 2 0 from present 469:475 arg1 strains 485:491 wild strains 480:491 wild strains 480:491 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 1 1 theme lipid 158:162 arg1 yeasts 165:170 oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 141:170 oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 141:170 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 2 theme yeast 254:258 arg1 strain 260:265 the yeast strain 250:265 the yeast strain 250:265 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 0 3 theme species 73:79 arg1 utilization 14:24 Carbon source utilization 0:24 Carbon source utilization 0:24 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 0 3 theme species 73:79 arg1 tolerance 40:48 inhibitor tolerance 30:48 inhibitor tolerance 30:48 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 1 4 dep ability 278:284 arg1 utilize 289:295 utilize 289:295 to utilize certain nutrients 286:313 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 7 5 dep Cyberlindnera 1172:1184 arg1 jadinii 1186:1192 Cyberlindnera jadinii 1172:1192 Cyberlindnera jadinii 1172:1192 tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii. 24818698 2 6 attach present 469:475 arg2 combination 425:435 Some combination 420:435 Some combination of these characteristics 420:460 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 2 6 attach present 469:475 arg1 strains 485:491 wild strains 480:491 wild strains 480:491 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 6 7 theme Other 1090:1094 arg1 species 1096:1102 Other species 1090:1102 Other species 1090:1102 Other species excelled in inhibitor tolerance, including Candida aff. 24818698 1 8 theme strain 260:265 arg1 ability 388:394 ability 388:394 ability to tolerate inhibitors 388:417 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 8 theme strain 260:265 arg1 ability 278:284 ability 278:284 ability to utilize certain nutrients 278:313 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 8 theme strain 260:265 arg1 ability 316:322 ability 316:322 ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins 316:381 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 8 theme strain 260:265 arg1 characteristics 231:245 the characteristics 227:245 the characteristics 227:245 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 4 9 theme many 942:945 arg1 sources 954:960 many carbon sources 942:960 many carbon sources 942:960 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 4 9 theme many 942:945 arg1 Cryptococcus 973:984 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 1 10 theme costly 349:354 arg1 nutrients 356:364 costly nutrients 349:364 costly nutrients such as vitamins 349:381 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 10 theme costly 349:354 arg1 vitamins 374:381 vitamins 374:381 vitamins 374:381 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 4 11 theme promising 876:884 arg1 candidates 886:895 promising candidates 876:895 promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff 876:1030 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 4 12 theme yeast 757:761 arg1 species 763:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species 728:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species 728:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 1 13 dep ability 316:322 arg1 grow 327:330 grow 327:330 to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins 324:381 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 4 14 used utilized 818:825 arg2 some 783:786 some 783:786 some 783:786 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 6 15 theme inhibitor 1116:1124 arg1 tolerance 1126:1134 inhibitor tolerance 1116:1134 inhibitor tolerance 1116:1134 Other species excelled in inhibitor tolerance, including Candida aff. 24818698 10 16 theme tools 1630:1634 arg1 availability 1606:1617 availability 1606:1617 availability of genetic tools 1606:1634 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 16 theme tools 1630:1634 arg1 carotenoids 1593:1603 carotenoids 1593:1603 carotenoids 1593:1603 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 16 theme tools 1630:1634 arg1 flocculation 1658:1669 flocculation 1658:1669 flocculation of the yeast strain 1658:1689 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 16 theme tools 1630:1634 arg1 level 1647:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 7 17 dep Schwanniomyces 1222:1235 arg1 occidentalis 1237:1248 Schwanniomyces occidentalis 1222:1248 Schwanniomyces occidentalis 1222:1248 tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii. 24818698 3 18 theme oleaginous 512:521 arg1 strains 529:535 48 oleaginous yeast strains 509:535 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species 509:559 In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. 24818698 10 19 theme valuable 1564:1571 arg1 availability 1606:1617 availability 1606:1617 availability of genetic tools 1606:1634 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 19 theme valuable 1564:1571 arg1 co-products 1573:1583 valuable co-products 1564:1583 valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain 1564:1689 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 19 theme valuable 1564:1571 arg1 level 1647:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 19 theme valuable 1564:1571 arg1 flocculation 1658:1669 flocculation 1658:1669 flocculation of the yeast strain 1658:1689 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 19 theme valuable 1564:1571 arg1 carotenoids 1593:1603 carotenoids 1593:1603 carotenoids 1593:1603 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 4 20 theme carbon 947:952 arg1 sources 954:960 many carbon sources 942:960 many carbon sources 942:960 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 4 20 theme carbon 947:952 arg1 Cryptococcus 973:984 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 3 21 theme supplemented 705:716 arg1 vitamins 718:725 supplemented vitamins 705:725 supplemented vitamins 705:725 In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. 24818698 5 22 dep encephala 1048:1056 arg1 zeae 1033:1036 zeae 1033:1036 zeae 1033:1036 zeae, Tremella encephala, and Trichosporon coremiiforme. 24818698 2 23 theme characteristics 446:460 arg1 combination 425:435 Some combination 420:435 Some combination of these characteristics 420:460 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 9 24 theme targeted 1490:1497 arg1 hydrolysate 1499:1509 the targeted hydrolysate 1486:1509 the targeted hydrolysate 1486:1509 These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. 24818698 0 25 theme source 7:12 arg1 utilization 14:24 Carbon source utilization 0:24 Carbon source utilization 0:24 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 2 26 theme wild 480:483 arg1 strains 485:491 wild strains 480:491 wild strains 480:491 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 4 27 theme oleaginous 746:755 arg1 species 763:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species 728:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species 728:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 9 28 theme hydrolysate 1499:1509 arg1 composition 1471:1481 the composition 1467:1481 the composition of the targeted hydrolysate 1467:1509 These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. 24818698 0 29 theme Carbon 0:5 arg1 utilization 14:24 Carbon source utilization 0:24 Carbon source utilization 0:24 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 4 30 theme industrial 842:851 arg1 production 853:862 industrial production 842:862 industrial production 842:862 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 10 31 dep factors 1518:1524 arg1 consider 1529:1536 consider 1529:1536 to consider 1526:1536 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 4 32 theme Hannaella 1018:1026 arg1 aff 1028:1030 Hannaella aff 1018:1030 Hannaella aff 1018:1030 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 4 32 theme Hannaella 1018:1026 arg1 Cryptococcus 973:984 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 4 33 theme industrial 901:910 arg1 use 912:914 industrial use 901:914 industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff 901:1030 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 11 34 theme other 1852:1856 arg1 oleochemicals 1858:1870 other oleochemicals 1852:1870 other oleochemicals 1852:1870 The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals. 24818698 1 35 with composition 210:220 arg1 ability 388:394 ability 388:394 ability to tolerate inhibitors 388:417 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 35 with composition 210:220 arg1 ability 278:284 ability 278:284 ability to utilize certain nutrients 278:313 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 35 with composition 210:220 arg1 ability 316:322 ability 316:322 ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins 316:381 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 35 with composition 210:220 arg1 characteristics 231:245 the characteristics 227:245 the characteristics 227:245 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 36 theme lignocellulosic 96:110 arg1 hydrolysates 112:123 lignocellulosic hydrolysates 96:123 lignocellulosic hydrolysates 96:123 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 2 37 located present 469:475 arg2 combination 425:435 Some combination 420:435 Some combination of these characteristics 420:460 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 2 37 located present 469:475 arg1 strains 485:491 wild strains 480:491 wild strains 480:491 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 4 38 theme well-studied 733:744 arg1 species 763:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species 728:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species 728:769 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 2 39 from strains 485:491 arg1 present 469:475 present 469:475 present 469:475 Some combination of these characteristics may be present in wild strains. 24818698 1 40 theme hydrolysates 112:123 arg1 Conversion 82:91 Conversion 82:91 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 82:170 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 1 41 theme hydrolysate 198:208 arg1 composition 210:220 the hydrolysate composition 194:220 the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors 194:417 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 4 42 theme Cryptococcus 994:1005 arg1 laurentii 1007:1015 Cryptococcus laurentii 994:1015 Cryptococcus laurentii 994:1015 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 4 42 theme Cryptococcus 994:1005 arg1 Cryptococcus 973:984 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 1 43 theme certain 297:303 arg1 nutrients 305:313 certain nutrients 297:313 certain nutrients 297:313 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 7 44 dep Wickerhamomyces 1254:1268 arg1 ciferrii 1270:1277 Wickerhamomyces ciferrii 1254:1277 Wickerhamomyces ciferrii 1254:1277 tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii. 24818698 8 45 theme carbon 1314:1319 arg1 sources 1321:1327 all carbon sources 1310:1327 all carbon sources 1310:1327 No yeast tested could utilize all carbon sources and tolerate all inhibitors tested. 24818698 11 46 with yeasts 1746:1751 arg1 hydrolysates 1769:1780 compatible hydrolysates 1758:1780 compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids 1758:1822 The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals. 24818698 1 47 theme composition 210:220 arg1 alignment 181:189 alignment 181:189 alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors 181:417 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 0 48 theme inhibitor 30:38 arg1 tolerance 40:48 inhibitor tolerance 30:48 inhibitor tolerance 30:48 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 10 49 theme yeast 1678:1682 arg1 strain 1684:1689 the yeast strain 1674:1689 the yeast strain 1674:1689 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 50 theme genetic 1622:1628 arg1 tools 1630:1634 genetic tools 1622:1634 genetic tools 1622:1634 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 11 51 theme aligning 1737:1744 arg1 yeasts 1746:1751 aligning yeasts 1737:1751 aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids 1737:1822 The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals. 24818698 10 52 theme biosafety 1637:1645 arg1 level 1647:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 7 53 dep Metschnikowia 1195:1207 arg1 pulcherrima 1209:1219 Metschnikowia pulcherrima 1195:1219 Metschnikowia pulcherrima 1195:1219 tropicalis, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Schwanniomyces occidentalis and Wickerhamomyces ciferrii. 24818698 3 54 theme lignocellulosic 627:641 arg1 hydrolysates 643:654 lignocellulosic hydrolysates 627:654 lignocellulosic hydrolysates 627:654 In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. 24818698 11 55 used used 1830:1833 arg2 data 1696:1699 The data 1692:1699 The data generated in this study 1692:1723 The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals. 24818698 4 56 dep Cryptococcus 973:984 arg1 aureus 986:991 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Cryptococcus aureus 973:991 Some well-studied oleaginous yeast species, as well as some that have not been frequently utilized in research or industrial production, emerged as promising candidates for industrial use due to ability to utilize many carbon sources, including Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hannaella aff. 24818698 11 57 theme carbohydrates 1800:1812 arg1 conversion 1786:1795 conversion 1786:1795 conversion of carbohydrates to lipids 1786:1822 The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals. 24818698 10 58 theme strain 1684:1689 arg1 availability 1606:1617 availability 1606:1617 availability of genetic tools 1606:1634 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 58 theme strain 1684:1689 arg1 carotenoids 1593:1603 carotenoids 1593:1603 carotenoids 1593:1603 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 58 theme strain 1684:1689 arg1 flocculation 1658:1669 flocculation 1658:1669 flocculation of the yeast strain 1658:1689 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 58 theme strain 1684:1689 arg1 level 1647:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 biosafety level 1637:1651 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 10 59 theme co-products 1573:1583 arg1 production 1550:1559 the production 1546:1559 the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain 1546:1689 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 9 60 theme yeast 1393:1397 arg1 strains 1399:1405 yeast strains 1393:1405 yeast strains 1393:1405 These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. 24818698 11 61 theme compatible 1758:1767 arg1 hydrolysates 1769:1780 compatible hydrolysates 1758:1780 compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids 1758:1822 The data generated in this study will aid in aligning yeasts with compatible hydrolysates for conversion of carbohydrates to lipids to be used for biofuels and other oleochemicals. 24818698 1 62 dep ability 388:394 arg1 tolerate 399:406 tolerate 399:406 to tolerate inhibitors 396:417 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 3 63 theme yeast 523:527 arg1 strains 529:535 48 oleaginous yeast strains 509:535 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species 509:559 In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. 24818698 1 64 theme oleaginous 141:150 arg1 yeasts 165:170 oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 141:170 oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 141:170 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 0 65 theme yeast 67:71 arg1 species 73:79 45 oleaginous yeast species 53:79 45 oleaginous yeast species 53:79 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 10 66 theme Other 1512:1516 arg1 factors 1518:1524 Other factors 1512:1524 Other factors to consider 1512:1536 Other factors to consider include the production of valuable co-products such as carotenoids, availability of genetic tools, biosafety level, and flocculation of the yeast strain. 24818698 9 67 with compatible 1451:1460 arg1 composition 1471:1481 the composition 1467:1481 the composition of the targeted hydrolysate 1467:1509 These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. 24818698 0 68 theme oleaginous 56:65 arg1 species 73:79 45 oleaginous yeast species 53:79 45 oleaginous yeast species 53:79 Carbon source utilization and inhibitor tolerance of 45 oleaginous yeast species. 24818698 6 69 theme Candida 1147:1153 arg1 aff 1155:1157 Candida aff 1147:1157 Candida aff 1147:1157 Other species excelled in inhibitor tolerance, including Candida aff. 24818698 3 70 theme carbon 596:601 arg1 sources 603:609 carbon sources 596:609 carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates 596:654 In this study, 48 oleaginous yeast strains belonging to 45 species were tested for ability to utilize carbon sources associated with lignocellulosic hydrolysates, tolerate inhibitors, and grow in medium without supplemented vitamins. 24818698 1 71 theme high 153:156 arg1 yeasts 165:170 oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 141:170 oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts 141:170 Conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to lipids using oleaginous (high lipid) yeasts requires alignment of the hydrolysate composition with the characteristics of the yeast strain, including ability to utilize certain nutrients, ability to grow independently of costly nutrients such as vitamins, and ability to tolerate inhibitors. 24818698 9 72 theme compatible 1451:1460 arg1 characteristics 1435:1449 characteristics 1435:1449 characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate 1435:1509 These results indicate that yeast strains should be selected based on characteristics compatible with the composition of the targeted hydrolysate. 22997058 5 0 theme PPyHA 763:767 arg1 films 774:778 PPyHep and PPyHA thin films 752:778 PPyHep and PPyHA thin films 752:778 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 6 1 theme Increased 955:963 arg1 both 1006:1009 both 1006:1009 both 1006:1009 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 6 1 theme Increased 955:963 arg1 levels 965:970 Increased levels 955:970 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining 955:1003 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 2 2 theme heparin 371:377 arg1 immobilization 353:366 the proper immobilization 342:366 the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization 342:465 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 6 3 theme red 992:994 arg1 staining 996:1003 Alizarin red staining 983:1003 Alizarin red staining 983:1003 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 5 4 theme thin 769:772 arg1 films 774:778 PPyHep and PPyHA thin films 752:778 PPyHep and PPyHA thin films 752:778 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 4 5 theme main 695:698 arg1 role 700:703 the main role 691:703 the main role of the interface chemical composition 691:741 The in vitro tests showed the main role of the interface chemical composition. 22997058 6 6 theme Alizarin 983:990 arg1 staining 996:1003 Alizarin red staining 983:1003 Alizarin red staining 983:1003 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 0 7 theme mesenchymal 107:117 arg1 cells 124:128 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 101:128 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 101:128 Polysaccharides immobilized in polypyrrole matrices are able to induce osteogenic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. 22997058 0 8 theme mouse 101:105 arg1 cells 124:128 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 101:128 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 101:128 Polysaccharides immobilized in polypyrrole matrices are able to induce osteogenic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. 22997058 6 9 theme ALP 975:977 arg1 both 1006:1009 both 1006:1009 both 1006:1009 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 6 9 theme ALP 975:977 arg1 levels 965:970 Increased levels 955:970 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining 955:1003 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 5 10 theme PPyHep 752:757 arg1 films 774:778 PPyHep and PPyHA thin films 752:778 PPyHep and PPyHA thin films 752:778 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 4 11 theme interface 712:720 arg1 composition 731:741 the interface chemical composition 708:741 the interface chemical composition 708:741 The in vitro tests showed the main role of the interface chemical composition. 22997058 6 12 theme mature 1074:1079 arg1 osteoblasts 1081:1091 mature osteoblasts 1074:1091 mature osteoblasts 1074:1091 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 2 13 theme acid 400:403 arg1 immobilization 353:366 the proper immobilization 342:366 the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization 342:465 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 0 14 theme stem 119:122 arg1 cells 124:128 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 101:128 mouse mesenchymal stem cells 101:128 Polysaccharides immobilized in polypyrrole matrices are able to induce osteogenic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. 22997058 6 15 theme osteoblasts 1081:1091 arg1 presence 1062:1069 the presence 1058:1069 the presence of mature osteoblasts 1058:1091 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 2 16 theme hyaluronic 389:398 arg1 HA 406:407 HA 406:407 HA 406:407 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 2 16 theme hyaluronic 389:398 arg1 acid 400:403 hyaluronic acid 389:403 hyaluronic acid (HA) 389:408 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 2 17 theme PPy 430:432 arg1 matrix 435:440 a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix 415:440 a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix 415:440 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 0 18 theme osteogenic 71:80 arg1 differentiation 82:96 osteogenic differentiation 71:96 osteogenic differentiation 71:96 Polysaccharides immobilized in polypyrrole matrices are able to induce osteogenic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. 22997058 3 19 theme thin 564:567 arg1 films 569:573 The obtained thin films 551:573 The obtained thin films 551:573 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 5 20 theme osteogenic 869:878 arg1 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 20 theme osteogenic 869:878 arg1 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 20 theme osteogenic 869:878 arg1 markers 880:886 specific early osteogenic markers 854:886 specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 854:906 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 21 theme osteogenic 800:809 arg1 differentiation 811:825 osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 800:906 osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 800:906 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 22 theme specific 854:861 arg1 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 22 theme specific 854:861 arg1 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 22 theme specific 854:861 arg1 markers 880:886 specific early osteogenic markers 854:886 specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 854:906 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 4 23 theme composition 731:741 arg1 role 700:703 the main role 691:703 the main role of the interface chemical composition 691:741 The in vitro tests showed the main role of the interface chemical composition. 22997058 1 24 theme considerable 188:199 arg1 interest 201:208 considerable interest 188:208 considerable interest 188:208 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 2 25 theme polypyrrole 417:427 arg1 matrix 435:440 a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix 415:440 a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix 415:440 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 1 26 theme mesenchymal 286:296 arg1 tissues 298:304 mesenchymal tissues 286:304 mesenchymal tissues 286:304 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 2 27 theme present 311:317 arg1 study 319:323 The present study 307:323 The present study 307:323 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 1 28 theme tissues 298:304 arg1 regeneration 270:281 the regeneration 266:281 the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues 266:304 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 3 29 theme obtained 555:562 arg1 films 569:573 The obtained thin films 551:573 The obtained thin films 551:573 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 2 30 theme proper 346:351 arg1 immobilization 353:366 the proper immobilization 342:366 the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization 342:465 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 2 31 theme osteoblast 531:540 arg1 lineage 542:548 osteoblast lineage 531:548 osteoblast lineage 531:548 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 3 32 theme thermal 587:593 arg1 stability 595:603 good thermal stability 582:603 good thermal stability 582:603 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 5 33 theme markers 880:886 arg1 levels 844:849 levels 844:849 levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 844:906 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 4 34 theme in 669:670 arg1 tests 678:682 The in vitro tests 665:682 The in vitro tests 665:682 The in vitro tests showed the main role of the interface chemical composition. 22997058 3 35 theme controlled 630:639 arg1 release 656:662 slow controlled polysaccharide release 625:662 slow controlled polysaccharide release 625:662 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 0 36 theme polypyrrole 31:41 arg1 matrices 43:50 polypyrrole matrices 31:50 polypyrrole matrices 31:50 Polysaccharides immobilized in polypyrrole matrices are able to induce osteogenic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. 22997058 6 37 theme mineralization 1022:1035 arg1 processes 1037:1045 mineralization processes 1022:1045 mineralization processes 1022:1045 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 3 38 theme polysaccharide 641:654 arg1 release 656:662 slow controlled polysaccharide release 625:662 slow controlled polysaccharide release 625:662 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 3 39 theme good 582:585 arg1 stability 595:603 good thermal stability 582:603 good thermal stability 582:603 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 1 40 theme Bone 131:134 arg1 cells 160:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 131:171 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 1 40 theme Bone 131:134 arg1 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 5 41 dep markers 880:886 arg1 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 41 dep markers 880:886 arg1 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 41 dep markers 880:886 arg1 markers 880:886 specific early osteogenic markers 854:886 specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 854:906 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 1 42 theme marrow 136:141 arg1 cells 160:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 131:171 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 1 42 theme marrow 136:141 arg1 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 5 43 theme differentiating 931:945 arg1 medium 947:952 differentiating medium 931:952 differentiating medium 931:952 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 3 44 theme slow 625:628 arg1 release 656:662 slow controlled polysaccharide release 625:662 slow controlled polysaccharide release 625:662 The obtained thin films showed good thermal stability, hydrophilicity and slow controlled polysaccharide release. 22997058 1 45 theme mesenchymal 143:153 arg1 cells 160:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 131:171 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 1 45 theme mesenchymal 143:153 arg1 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 4 46 theme chemical 722:729 arg1 composition 731:741 the interface chemical composition 708:741 the interface chemical composition 708:741 The in vitro tests showed the main role of the interface chemical composition. 22997058 2 47 theme optimal 481:487 arg1 interface 489:497 an optimal interface 478:497 an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage 478:548 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 22997058 4 48 dep in 669:670 arg1 vitro 672:676 vitro 672:676 vitro 672:676 The in vitro tests showed the main role of the interface chemical composition. 22997058 1 49 theme stem 155:158 arg1 cells 160:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 131:164 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 131:171 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 1 49 theme stem 155:158 arg1 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 MSCs 167:170 Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to differentiate and contribute to the regeneration of mesenchymal tissues. 22997058 5 50 theme early 863:867 arg1 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 osterix 899:905 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 50 theme early 863:867 arg1 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Runx2 889:893 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 50 theme early 863:867 arg1 markers 880:886 specific early osteogenic markers 854:886 specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) 854:906 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 6 51 theme staining 996:1003 arg1 both 1006:1009 both 1006:1009 both 1006:1009 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 6 51 theme staining 996:1003 arg1 levels 965:970 Increased levels 955:970 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining 955:1003 Increased levels of ALP and Alizarin red staining, both indicating mineralization processes, confirmed the presence of mature osteoblasts. 22997058 5 52 dep medium 947:952 arg1 absence 920:926 absence 920:926 absence 920:926 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 5 52 dep medium 947:952 arg1 the 916:918 the 916:918 the 916:918 Indeed, PPyHep and PPyHA thin films were able to induce osteogenic differentiation as determined by levels of specific early osteogenic markers (Runx2 and osterix) even in the absence of differentiating medium. 22997058 2 53 theme MSC 503:505 arg1 differentiation 507:521 MSC differentiation 503:521 MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage 503:548 The present study illustrates that the proper immobilization of heparin (Hep) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into a polypyrrole (PPy) matrix by electropolymerization results in an optimal interface for MSC differentiation towards osteoblast lineage. 24824861 6 0 from rat 914:916 arg1 alpha-dystroglycan 883:900 alpha-dystroglycan 883:900 alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle 883:940 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 24824861 9 1 theme alpha-dystroglycan 1468:1485 arg1 detection 1500:1508 alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1468:1508 alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1468:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 0 2 theme normal 83:88 arg1 tissue 105:110 normal and dystrophic tissue 83:110 normal and dystrophic tissue 83:110 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 6 3 theme skeletal 926:933 arg1 muscle 935:940 skeletal muscle 926:940 skeletal muscle 926:940 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 24824861 8 4 theme muscular 1215:1222 arg1 dystrophy 1224:1232 Becker muscular dystrophy 1208:1232 Becker muscular dystrophy 1208:1232 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 5 5 theme monoclonal 749:758 arg1 antibodies 760:769 rabbit monoclonal antibodies 742:769 rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus 742:811 To overcome this hurdle, rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus were generated. 24824861 6 6 theme new 833:835 arg1 antibodies 837:846 The new antibodies 829:846 The new antibodies 829:846 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 24824861 7 7 theme glycosylation 1158:1170 arg1 loss 1139:1142 a loss 1137:1142 a loss of functional glycosylation 1137:1170 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 3 8 theme functional 532:541 arg1 structure 553:561 the functional O-mannose structure 528:561 the functional O-mannose structure for recognition 528:577 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 0 9 theme dystrophic 94:103 arg1 tissue 105:110 normal and dystrophic tissue 83:110 normal and dystrophic tissue 83:110 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 2 10 theme secondary 334:342 arg1 dystrophies 317:327 muscular dystrophies 308:327 muscular dystrophies 308:327 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 2 10 theme secondary 334:342 arg1 dystroglycanopathies 344:363 the secondary dystroglycanopathies 330:363 the secondary dystroglycanopathies 330:363 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 8 11 theme dystrophy 1224:1232 arg1 model 1199:1203 a porcine model 1189:1203 a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy 1189:1232 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 0 12 from detection 48:56 arg1 tissue 105:110 normal and dystrophic tissue 83:110 normal and dystrophic tissue 83:110 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 9 13 theme dystroglycan-related 1527:1546 arg1 studies 1548:1554 dystroglycan-related studies 1527:1554 dystroglycan-related studies 1527:1554 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 4 14 theme alpha-dystroglycan 613:630 arg1 protein 632:638 alpha-dystroglycan protein 613:638 alpha-dystroglycan protein 613:638 Therefore, the ability to detect alpha-dystroglycan protein in disease states where it lacks the full O-mannose glycan has been limited. 24824861 7 15 theme functional 1147:1156 arg1 glycosylation 1158:1170 functional glycosylation 1147:1170 functional glycosylation 1147:1170 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 2 16 from abnormal 373:380 arg1 cancers 401:407 some metastatic cancers 385:407 some metastatic cancers 385:407 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 7 17 theme dystroglycanopathy 1020:1037 arg1 model 993:997 a mouse model 985:997 a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy 985:1037 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 1 18 theme binding 190:196 arg1 epitope 198:204 its binding epitope 186:204 its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin 186:254 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 8 19 theme relative 1235:1242 arg1 abundance 1244:1252 relative abundance 1235:1252 relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan 1235:1274 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 8 20 theme porcine 1191:1197 arg1 model 1199:1203 a porcine model 1189:1203 a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy 1189:1232 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 4 21 theme O-mannose 682:690 arg1 glycan 692:697 the full O-mannose glycan 673:697 the full O-mannose glycan 673:697 Therefore, the ability to detect alpha-dystroglycan protein in disease states where it lacks the full O-mannose glycan has been limited. 24824861 9 22 theme new 1409:1411 arg1 antibodies 1431:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 9 22 theme new 1409:1411 arg1 reagents 1455:1462 suitable reagents 1446:1462 suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1446:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 2 23 theme metastatic 390:399 arg1 cancers 401:407 some metastatic cancers 385:407 some metastatic cancers 385:407 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 0 24 theme monoclonal 22:31 arg1 antibodies 33:42 rabbit monoclonal antibodies 15:42 rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue 15:110 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 8 25 theme affected 1375:1382 arg1 muscle 1384:1389 affected muscle 1375:1389 affected muscle 1375:1389 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 2 26 theme dystrophies 317:327 arg1 cohort 298:303 a cohort 296:303 a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies 296:363 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 1 27 theme extracellular 210:222 arg1 proteins 231:238 extracellular matrix proteins 210:238 extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin 210:254 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 1 27 theme extracellular 210:222 arg1 laminin 248:254 laminin 248:254 laminin 248:254 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 0 28 theme rabbit 15:20 arg1 antibodies 33:42 rabbit monoclonal antibodies 15:42 rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue 15:110 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 9 29 theme rabbit 1413:1418 arg1 antibodies 1431:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 9 29 theme rabbit 1413:1418 arg1 reagents 1455:1462 suitable reagents 1446:1462 suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1446:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 8 30 with consistent 1291:1300 arg1 reduction 1309:1317 a reduction 1307:1317 a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle 1307:1389 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 2 31 theme muscular 308:315 arg1 dystrophies 317:327 muscular dystrophies 308:327 muscular dystrophies 308:327 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 2 31 theme muscular 308:315 arg1 dystroglycanopathies 344:363 the secondary dystroglycanopathies 330:363 the secondary dystroglycanopathies 330:363 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 1 32 theme matrix 224:229 arg1 proteins 231:238 extracellular matrix proteins 210:238 extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin 210:254 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 1 32 theme matrix 224:229 arg1 laminin 248:254 laminin 248:254 laminin 248:254 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 3 33 theme used 428:431 arg1 antibody 497:504 mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6 480:509 mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6 480:509 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 3 33 theme used 428:431 arg1 reagent 433:439 The most commonly used reagent 410:439 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan 410:475 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 9 34 theme monoclonal 1420:1429 arg1 antibodies 1431:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 9 34 theme monoclonal 1420:1429 arg1 reagents 1455:1462 suitable reagents 1446:1462 suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1446:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 4 35 theme full 677:680 arg1 glycan 692:697 the full O-mannose glycan 673:697 the full O-mannose glycan 673:697 Therefore, the ability to detect alpha-dystroglycan protein in disease states where it lacks the full O-mannose glycan has been limited. 24824861 0 36 theme antibodies 33:42 arg1 Development 0:10 Development 0:10 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 0:111 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 5 37 theme rabbit 742:747 arg1 antibodies 760:769 rabbit monoclonal antibodies 742:769 rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus 742:811 To overcome this hurdle, rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus were generated. 24824861 2 38 from cancers 401:407 arg1 abnormal 373:380 abnormal 373:380 abnormal 373:380 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 3 39 theme mouse 480:484 arg1 reagent 433:439 The most commonly used reagent 410:439 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan 410:475 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 3 39 theme mouse 480:484 arg1 antibody 497:504 mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6 480:509 mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6 480:509 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 8 40 theme Becker 1208:1213 arg1 dystrophy 1224:1232 Becker muscular dystrophy 1208:1232 Becker muscular dystrophy 1208:1232 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 7 41 theme weight 1078:1083 arg1 alpha-dystroglycan 1085:1102 low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan 1064:1102 low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan 1064:1102 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 6 42 from pig 922:924 arg1 alpha-dystroglycan 883:900 alpha-dystroglycan 883:900 alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle 883:940 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 24824861 8 43 theme complex 1364:1370 arg1 expression 1322:1331 expression 1322:1331 expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle 1322:1389 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 7 44 theme disease 1107:1113 arg1 samples 1115:1121 disease samples 1107:1121 disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation 1107:1170 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 9 45 theme suitable 1446:1453 arg1 antibodies 1431:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies 1403:1440 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 9 45 theme suitable 1446:1453 arg1 reagents 1455:1462 suitable reagents 1446:1462 suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1446:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 8 46 theme alpha-dystroglycan 1257:1274 arg1 abundance 1244:1252 relative abundance 1235:1252 relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan 1235:1274 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 8 47 theme dystrophin-glycoprotein 1340:1362 arg1 complex 1364:1370 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 1336:1370 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 1336:1370 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 6 48 theme Western 945:951 arg1 blot 953:956 Western blot 945:956 Western blot 945:956 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 24824861 7 49 theme low 1064:1066 arg1 weight 1078:1083 low molecular weight 1064:1083 low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan 1064:1102 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 7 50 theme mouse 987:991 arg1 model 993:997 a mouse model 985:997 a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy 985:1037 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 1 51 theme rare 143:146 arg1 modification 165:176 a rare O-mannose glycan modification 141:176 a rare O-mannose glycan modification 141:176 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 4 52 theme disease 643:649 arg1 states 651:656 disease states 643:656 disease states where it lacks the full O-mannose glycan 643:697 Therefore, the ability to detect alpha-dystroglycan protein in disease states where it lacks the full O-mannose glycan has been limited. 24824861 7 53 theme molecular 1068:1076 arg1 weight 1078:1083 low molecular weight 1064:1083 low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan 1064:1102 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 8 54 from reduction 1309:1317 arg1 expression 1322:1331 expression 1322:1331 expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle 1322:1389 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 7 55 theme fukutin-deficient 1002:1018 arg1 dystroglycanopathy 1020:1037 fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy 1002:1037 fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy 1002:1037 In a mouse model of fukutin-deficient dystroglycanopathy, all antibodies detected low molecular weight alpha-dystroglycan in disease samples demonstrating a loss of functional glycosylation. 24824861 1 56 theme O-mannose 148:156 arg1 modification 165:176 a rare O-mannose glycan modification 141:176 a rare O-mannose glycan modification 141:176 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 6 57 dep mouse 907:911 arg1 muscle 935:940 skeletal muscle 926:940 skeletal muscle 926:940 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 24824861 5 58 theme alpha-dystroglycan 783:800 arg1 C-terminus 802:811 the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus 779:811 the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus 779:811 To overcome this hurdle, rabbit monoclonal antibodies against the alpha-dystroglycan C-terminus were generated. 24824861 3 59 theme monoclonal 486:495 arg1 reagent 433:439 The most commonly used reagent 410:439 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan 410:475 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 3 59 theme monoclonal 486:495 arg1 antibody 497:504 mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6 480:509 mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6 480:509 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 1 60 theme glycan 158:163 arg1 modification 165:176 a rare O-mannose glycan modification 141:176 a rare O-mannose glycan modification 141:176 Alpha-dystroglycan requires a rare O-mannose glycan modification to form its binding epitope for extracellular matrix proteins such as laminin. 24824861 3 61 theme alpha-dystroglycan 458:475 arg1 detection 445:453 detection 445:453 detection of alpha-dystroglycan 445:475 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 9 62 theme core 1487:1490 arg1 detection 1500:1508 alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1468:1508 alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1468:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 0 63 theme alpha-dystroglycan 61:78 arg1 detection 48:56 detection 48:56 detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue 48:110 Development of rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detection of alpha-dystroglycan in normal and dystrophic tissue. 24824861 8 64 gly dystrophin-glycoprotein 1340:1362 arg1 dystrophin-glycoprotein 1340:1362 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 1336:1370 the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex 1336:1370 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 2 65 theme functional 262:271 arg1 glycan 273:278 This functional glycan 257:278 This functional glycan 257:278 This functional glycan is disrupted in a cohort of muscular dystrophies, the secondary dystroglycanopathies, and is abnormal in some metastatic cancers. 24824861 8 66 from expression 1322:1331 arg1 muscle 1384:1389 affected muscle 1375:1389 affected muscle 1375:1389 Alternately, in a porcine model of Becker muscular dystrophy, relative abundance of alpha-dystroglycan was decreased, consistent with a reduction in expression of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in affected muscle. 24824861 3 67 theme O-mannose 543:551 arg1 structure 553:561 the functional O-mannose structure 528:561 the functional O-mannose structure for recognition 528:577 The most commonly used reagent for detection of alpha-dystroglycan is mouse monoclonal antibody IIH6, but it requires the functional O-mannose structure for recognition. 24824861 9 68 theme protein 1492:1498 arg1 detection 1500:1508 alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1468:1508 alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection 1468:1508 Therefore, these new rabbit monoclonal antibodies are suitable reagents for alpha-dystroglycan core protein detection and will enhance dystroglycan-related studies. 24824861 6 69 from mouse 907:911 arg1 alpha-dystroglycan 883:900 alpha-dystroglycan 883:900 alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle 883:940 The new antibodies, named 5-2, 29-5, and 45-3, detect alpha-dystroglycan from mouse, rat and pig skeletal muscle by Western blot and immunofluorescence. 28404372 0 0 theme supercritical 96:108 arg1 chromatography 116:129 supercritical fluid chromatography 96:129 supercritical fluid chromatography 96:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 5 1 theme modelling 819:827 arg1 studies 829:835 Molecular modelling studies 809:835 Molecular modelling studies 809:835 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 4 2 theme careful 741:747 arg1 comparison 749:758 careful comparison 741:758 careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules 741:806 Favourable structural features were determined by careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules. 28404372 5 3 from enantioresolution 919:935 arg1 CSP 946:948 these CSP 940:948 these CSP 940:948 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 1 4 theme chirality 178:186 arg1 sulfoxides 143:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 1 4 theme chirality 178:186 arg1 case 170:173 a particular case 157:173 a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products 157:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 6 5 theme species 1046:1052 arg1 subset 1030:1035 a subset 1028:1035 a subset of these species adopting different conformations 1028:1085 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 8 6 theme retention 1352:1360 arg1 curves 1342:1347 the tendency curves 1329:1347 the tendency curves of retention and selectivity 1329:1376 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 5 7 theme linear 957:962 arg1 conformations 975:987 linear (extended) conformations 957:987 linear (extended) conformations 957:987 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 0 8 from Enantioseparation 0:16 arg1 phases 86:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases 48:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography 48:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 5 9 theme U-shaped 851:858 arg1 conformations 869:881 U-shaped (folded) conformations 851:881 U-shaped (folded) conformations 851:881 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 3 10 theme chlorinated 575:585 arg1 phases 598:603 chlorinated cellulosic phases 575:603 chlorinated cellulosic phases 575:603 While all the tested CSP provided enantioseparation for a large part of the racemates, chlorinated cellulosic phases proved to be both highly retentive and highly enantioselective towards these species. 28404372 2 11 contain containing 279:288 arg1 molecules 269:277 Twenty-four original molecules 248:277 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality 248:327 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 11 contain containing 279:288 arg2 centre 309:314 a centre 307:314 a centre of chirality 307:327 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 11 contain containing 279:288 arg2 atom 299:302 a sulfur atom 290:302 a sulfur atom 290:302 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 0 12 theme fluid 110:114 arg1 chromatography 116:129 supercritical fluid chromatography 96:129 supercritical fluid chromatography 96:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 3 13 theme racemates 564:572 arg1 part 552:555 a large part 544:555 a large part of the racemates 544:572 While all the tested CSP provided enantioseparation for a large part of the racemates, chlorinated cellulosic phases proved to be both highly retentive and highly enantioselective towards these species. 28404372 8 14 from change 1454:1459 arg1 conformation 1468:1479 the conformation 1464:1479 the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector 1464:1518 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 3 15 theme tested 502:507 arg1 CSP 509:511 all the tested CSP 494:511 all the tested CSP 494:511 While all the tested CSP provided enantioseparation for a large part of the racemates, chlorinated cellulosic phases proved to be both highly retentive and highly enantioselective towards these species. 28404372 8 16 theme tendency 1333:1340 arg1 curves 1342:1347 the tendency curves 1329:1347 the tendency curves of retention and selectivity 1329:1376 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 5 17 theme folded 861:866 arg1 conformations 869:881 U-shaped (folded) conformations 851:881 U-shaped (folded) conformations 851:881 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 8 18 theme Abrupt 1311:1316 arg1 changes 1318:1324 Abrupt changes 1311:1324 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity 1311:1376 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 6 19 theme phase 1112:1116 arg1 compositions 1118:1129 mobile phase compositions 1105:1129 mobile phase compositions 1105:1129 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 4 20 theme Favourable 691:700 arg1 features 713:720 Favourable structural features 691:720 Favourable structural features 691:720 Favourable structural features were determined by careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules. 28404372 2 21 dep dioxide 454:460 arg1 phases 480:485 mobile phases 473:485 mobile phases 473:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 22 theme sulfur 292:297 arg1 atom 299:302 a sulfur atom 290:302 a sulfur atom 290:302 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 22 theme sulfur 292:297 arg1 centre 309:314 a centre 307:314 a centre of chirality 307:327 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 6 23 theme compositions 1118:1129 arg1 range 1096:1100 a broad range 1088:1100 a broad range 1088:1100 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 2 24 theme mobile 473:478 arg1 phases 480:485 mobile phases 473:485 mobile phases 473:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 25 from chromatography 366:379 arg1 phases 429:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 384:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases 384:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 25 from chromatography 366:379 arg1 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 3 26 theme cellulosic 587:596 arg1 phases 598:603 chlorinated cellulosic phases 575:603 chlorinated cellulosic phases 575:603 While all the tested CSP provided enantioseparation for a large part of the racemates, chlorinated cellulosic phases proved to be both highly retentive and highly enantioselective towards these species. 28404372 2 27 theme stationary 418:427 arg1 phases 429:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 384:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases 384:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 27 theme stationary 418:427 arg1 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 5 28 theme high 914:917 arg1 enantioresolution 919:935 high enantioresolution 914:935 high enantioresolution on these CSP 914:948 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 2 29 theme chirality 319:327 arg1 atom 299:302 a sulfur atom 290:302 a sulfur atom 290:302 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 29 theme chirality 319:327 arg1 centre 309:314 a centre 307:314 a centre of chirality 307:327 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 30 theme chiral 411:416 arg1 phases 429:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 384:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases 384:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 30 theme chiral 411:416 arg1 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 0 31 theme chiral 27:32 arg1 sulfoxides 34:43 novel chiral sulfoxides 21:43 novel chiral sulfoxides 21:43 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 8 32 theme analytes 1488:1495 arg1 conformation 1468:1479 the conformation 1464:1479 the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector 1464:1518 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 4 33 theme molecules 798:806 arg1 enantioseparation 767:783 the enantioseparation 763:783 the enantioseparation of the probe molecules 763:806 Favourable structural features were determined by careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules. 28404372 2 34 theme carbon 447:452 arg1 dioxide 454:460 carbon dioxide 447:460 carbon dioxide 447:460 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 0 35 theme novel 21:25 arg1 sulfoxides 34:43 novel chiral sulfoxides 21:43 novel chiral sulfoxides 21:43 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 1 36 theme Asymmetric 132:141 arg1 sulfoxides 143:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 1 36 theme Asymmetric 132:141 arg1 case 170:173 a particular case 157:173 a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products 157:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 8 37 from changes 1318:1324 arg1 curves 1342:1347 the tendency curves 1329:1347 the tendency curves of retention and selectivity 1329:1376 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 7 38 theme non-monotonous 1287:1300 arg1 fashion 1302:1308 a non-monotonous fashion 1285:1308 a non-monotonous fashion 1285:1308 While retention decreased continuously in this range, enantioseparation varied in a non-monotonous fashion. 28404372 5 39 theme extended 965:972 arg1 conformations 975:987 linear (extended) conformations 957:987 linear (extended) conformations 957:987 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 2 40 with phases 429:434 arg1 methanol 464:471 methanol 464:471 methanol 464:471 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 40 with phases 429:434 arg1 dioxide 454:460 carbon dioxide 447:460 carbon dioxide 447:460 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 4 41 theme structural 702:711 arg1 features 713:720 Favourable structural features 691:720 Favourable structural features 691:720 Favourable structural features were determined by careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules. 28404372 6 42 theme broad 1090:1094 arg1 range 1096:1100 a broad range 1088:1100 a broad range 1088:1100 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 0 43 theme sulfoxides 34:43 arg1 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation 0:16 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 0:130 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 0 44 from phases 86:91 arg1 chromatography 116:129 supercritical fluid chromatography 96:129 supercritical fluid chromatography 96:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 6 45 dep 100 1151:1153 arg1 to 1148:1149 to 1148:1149 to 1148:1149 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 8 46 theme selectivity 1366:1376 arg1 curves 1342:1347 the tendency curves 1329:1347 the tendency curves of retention and selectivity 1329:1376 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 0 47 theme polysaccharide 60:73 arg1 phases 86:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases 48:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography 48:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 1 48 located found 200:204 arg2 sulfoxides 143:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 1 48 located found 200:204 arg1 products 238:245 natural as well as synthetic products 209:245 natural as well as synthetic products 209:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 1 48 located found 200:204 arg2 case 170:173 a particular case 157:173 a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products 157:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 2 49 theme fluid 360:364 arg1 chromatography 366:379 supercritical fluid chromatography 346:379 supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases 346:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 0 50 theme chlorinated 48:58 arg1 phases 86:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases 48:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography 48:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 8 51 theme selector 1511:1518 arg1 conformation 1468:1479 the conformation 1464:1479 the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector 1464:1518 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 2 52 theme supercritical 346:358 arg1 chromatography 366:379 supercritical fluid chromatography 346:379 supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases 346:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 6 53 dep methanol 1156:1163 arg1 % 1154:1154 % 1154:1154 % 1154:1154 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 8 54 theme chiral 1504:1509 arg1 selector 1511:1518 chiral selector 1504:1518 chiral selector 1504:1518 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 6 55 dep % 1154:1154 arg1 100 1151:1153 100 1151:1153 100 1151:1153 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 5 56 theme Molecular 809:817 arg1 studies 829:835 Molecular modelling studies 809:835 Molecular modelling studies 809:835 Molecular modelling studies indicate that U-shaped (folded) conformations were most favorable to achieve high enantioresolution on these CSP, while linear (extended) conformations were not so clearly discriminated. 28404372 4 57 theme enantioseparation 767:783 arg1 comparison 749:758 careful comparison 741:758 careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules 741:806 Favourable structural features were determined by careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules. 28404372 1 58 theme synthetic 228:236 arg1 products 238:245 natural as well as synthetic products 209:245 natural as well as synthetic products 209:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 8 59 theme methanol 1397:1404 arg1 proportion 1406:1415 methanol proportion 1397:1415 methanol proportion 1397:1415 Abrupt changes in the tendency curves of retention and selectivity were observed when methanol proportion reaches about 60%, suggesting that a change in the conformation of the analytes and/or chiral selector is occurring at this point. 28404372 6 60 theme mobile 1105:1110 arg1 compositions 1118:1129 mobile phase compositions 1105:1129 mobile phase compositions 1105:1129 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 4 61 theme probe 792:796 arg1 molecules 798:806 the probe molecules 788:806 the probe molecules 788:806 Favourable structural features were determined by careful comparison of the enantioseparation of the probe molecules. 28404372 1 62 theme particular 159:168 arg1 sulfoxides 143:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides 132:152 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 1 62 theme particular 159:168 arg1 case 170:173 a particular case 157:173 a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products 157:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 1 63 theme natural 209:215 arg1 products 238:245 natural as well as synthetic products 209:245 natural as well as synthetic products 209:245 Asymmetric sulfoxides is a particular case of chirality that may be found in natural as well as synthetic products. 28404372 2 64 theme polysaccharide-based 390:409 arg1 phases 429:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 384:434 seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases 384:485 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 2 64 theme polysaccharide-based 390:409 arg1 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 CSP 437:439 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 6 65 theme different 1063:1071 arg1 conformations 1073:1085 different conformations 1063:1085 different conformations 1063:1085 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 0 66 theme stationary 75:84 arg1 phases 86:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases 48:91 chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography 48:129 Enantioseparation of novel chiral sulfoxides on chlorinated polysaccharide stationary phases in supercritical fluid chromatography. 28404372 6 67 theme carbon 1168:1173 arg1 dioxide 1175:1181 carbon dioxide 1168:1181 carbon dioxide 1168:1181 For a subset of these species adopting different conformations, a broad range of mobile phase compositions, ranging from 20 to 100% methanol in carbon dioxide, were investigated. 28404372 2 68 theme original 260:267 arg1 molecules 269:277 Twenty-four original molecules 248:277 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality 248:327 Twenty-four original molecules containing a sulfur atom as a centre of chirality were analyzed in supercritical fluid chromatography on seven polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSP) with carbon dioxide - methanol mobile phases. 28404372 3 69 theme large 546:550 arg1 part 552:555 a large part 544:555 a large part of the racemates 544:572 While all the tested CSP provided enantioseparation for a large part of the racemates, chlorinated cellulosic phases proved to be both highly retentive and highly enantioselective towards these species. 24530323 2 0 theme unmodified 452:461 arg1 chitosan 463:470 chitosan 463:470 chitosan 463:470 The microstructure obtained by SEM and AFM microscopy for unmodified chitosan and its composites showed that particles are relatively well dispersed in the chitosan matrix. 24530323 5 1 theme aggregates 824:833 arg1 octadecylamine 785:798 octadecylamine 785:798 octadecylamine 785:798 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 1 theme aggregates 824:833 arg1 % 780:780 % 780:780 % of octadecylamine) 780:799 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 1 theme aggregates 824:833 arg1 lack 806:809 the lack 802:809 the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 802:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 2 theme chitosan 889:896 arg1 concentration 872:884 the concentration 868:884 the concentration of chitosan 868:896 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 3 from aggregates 824:833 arg1 solution 898:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 4 from solution 898:905 arg1 octadecylamine 785:798 octadecylamine 785:798 octadecylamine 785:798 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 4 from solution 898:905 arg1 % 780:780 % 780:780 % of octadecylamine) 780:799 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 4 from solution 898:905 arg1 lack 806:809 the lack 802:809 the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 802:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 3 5 dep % 636:636 arg1 to 638:639 to 638:639 to 638:639 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 6 6 theme composite 1038:1046 arg1 properties 1020:1029 the mechanical and thermal properties 993:1029 the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite 993:1046 Generally, addition of nanoclay after its surface modification improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite much more than montmorillonite without modification. 24530323 1 7 with chitosan 148:155 arg1 nanoclays 206:214 nanoclays 206:214 nanoclays after surface modification 206:241 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 7 with chitosan 148:155 arg1 nanoclay 167:174 nanoclay 167:174 nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) 167:197 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 3 8 theme 2 641:641 arg1 % 636:636 % 636:636 % 636:636 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 3 9 theme surface 677:683 arg1 homogeneity 658:668 the homogeneity 654:668 the homogeneity of the surface of the composites 654:701 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 1 10 theme structural 64:73 arg1 properties 75:84 The structural properties 60:84 The structural properties 60:84 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 4 11 contain contains 762:769 arg1 case 711:714 the case 707:714 the case of chitosan 707:726 In the case of chitosan composite with modified nanoclay (contains 25-30 wt. 24530323 4 11 contain contains 762:769 arg2 composite 728:736 composite 728:736 composite with modified nanoclay 728:759 In the case of chitosan composite with modified nanoclay (contains 25-30 wt. 24530323 4 12 theme chitosan 719:726 arg1 case 711:714 the case 707:714 the case of chitosan 707:726 In the case of chitosan composite with modified nanoclay (contains 25-30 wt. 24530323 4 13 with composite 728:736 arg1 nanoclay 752:759 modified nanoclay 743:759 modified nanoclay 743:759 In the case of chitosan composite with modified nanoclay (contains 25-30 wt. 24530323 1 14 theme thermogravimetric 340:356 arg1 TGA 368:370 TGA 368:370 TGA 368:370 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 14 theme thermogravimetric 340:356 arg1 analysis 358:365 thermogravimetric analysis 340:365 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 340:371 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 3 15 from % 642:642 arg1 concentration 591:603 the increasing concentration 576:603 the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% 576:642 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 1 16 theme thermal 87:93 arg1 behaviour 95:103 thermal behaviour 87:103 thermal behaviour 87:103 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 6 17 theme thermal 1012:1018 arg1 properties 1020:1029 the mechanical and thermal properties 993:1029 the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite 993:1046 Generally, addition of nanoclay after its surface modification improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite much more than montmorillonite without modification. 24530323 1 18 theme scanning 273:280 arg1 microscopy 291:300 scanning electron microscopy 273:300 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 273:306 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 18 theme scanning 273:280 arg1 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 5 19 theme concentration 872:884 arg1 independent 853:863 independent 853:863 independent 853:863 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 0 20 theme composites 29:38 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of chitosan composites with various clays. 0:58 Characterization of chitosan composites with various clays. 24530323 1 21 theme electron 282:289 arg1 microscopy 291:300 scanning electron microscopy 273:300 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 273:306 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 21 theme electron 282:289 arg1 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 SEM 303:305 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 4 22 theme 25-30 771:775 arg1 wt 777:778 wt 777:778 wt 777:778 In the case of chitosan composite with modified nanoclay (contains 25-30 wt. 24530323 6 23 theme mechanical 997:1006 arg1 properties 1020:1029 the mechanical and thermal properties 993:1029 the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite 993:1046 Generally, addition of nanoclay after its surface modification improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite much more than montmorillonite without modification. 24530323 0 24 theme chitosan 20:27 arg1 composites 29:38 chitosan composites 20:38 chitosan composites 20:38 Characterization of chitosan composites with various clays. 24530323 3 25 theme solution 621:628 arg1 concentration 591:603 the increasing concentration 576:603 the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% 576:642 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 1 26 theme mechanical 109:118 arg1 properties 120:129 mechanical properties 109:129 mechanical properties 109:129 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 0 27 theme various 45:51 arg1 clays 53:57 various clays 45:57 various clays 45:57 Characterization of chitosan composites with various clays. 24530323 3 28 theme composites 692:701 arg1 surface 677:683 the surface 673:683 the surface of the composites 673:701 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 4 29 theme modified 743:750 arg1 nanoclay 752:759 modified nanoclay 743:759 modified nanoclay 743:759 In the case of chitosan composite with modified nanoclay (contains 25-30 wt. 24530323 2 30 theme AFM 433:435 arg1 microscopy 437:446 AFM microscopy 433:446 AFM microscopy 433:446 The microstructure obtained by SEM and AFM microscopy for unmodified chitosan and its composites showed that particles are relatively well dispersed in the chitosan matrix. 24530323 3 31 gly homogeneity 658:668 arg1 surface 677:683 the surface 673:683 the surface of the composites 673:701 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 5 32 theme octadecylamine 785:798 arg1 octadecylamine 785:798 octadecylamine 785:798 octadecylamine 785:798 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 32 theme octadecylamine 785:798 arg1 % 780:780 % 780:780 % of octadecylamine) 780:799 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 32 theme octadecylamine 785:798 arg1 lack 806:809 the lack 802:809 the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 802:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 2 33 theme chitosan 550:557 arg1 matrix 559:564 the chitosan matrix 546:564 the chitosan matrix 546:564 The microstructure obtained by SEM and AFM microscopy for unmodified chitosan and its composites showed that particles are relatively well dispersed in the chitosan matrix. 24530323 3 34 theme chitosan 612:619 arg1 solution 621:628 the chitosan solution 608:628 the chitosan solution 608:628 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 5 35 theme polymer 838:844 arg1 solution 898:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 1 36 dep nanoclay 167:174 arg1 MMT 194:196 MMT 194:196 MMT 194:196 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 36 dep nanoclay 167:174 arg1 montmorillonite 177:191 montmorillonite 177:191 montmorillonite 177:191 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 5 37 theme matrix 846:851 arg1 solution 898:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 1 38 theme atomic 309:314 arg1 AFM 334:336 AFM 334:336 AFM 334:336 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 38 theme atomic 309:314 arg1 microscopy 322:331 atomic force microscopy 309:331 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 309:337 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 39 theme tensile 379:385 arg1 tests 387:391 a tensile tests 377:391 a tensile tests 377:391 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 0 40 with Characterization 0:15 arg1 clays 53:57 various clays 45:57 various clays 45:57 Characterization of chitosan composites with various clays. 24530323 1 41 theme composites 134:143 arg1 properties 75:84 The structural properties 60:84 The structural properties 60:84 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 41 theme composites 134:143 arg1 behaviour 95:103 thermal behaviour 87:103 thermal behaviour 87:103 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 41 theme composites 134:143 arg1 properties 120:129 mechanical properties 109:129 mechanical properties 109:129 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 6 42 theme surface 963:969 arg1 modification 971:982 its surface modification 959:982 its surface modification 959:982 Generally, addition of nanoclay after its surface modification improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite much more than montmorillonite without modification. 24530323 3 43 theme 1 635:635 arg1 % 636:636 % 636:636 % 636:636 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 5 44 theme independent 853:863 arg1 solution 898:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 5 45 from lack 806:809 arg1 solution 898:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 838:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 1 46 theme chitosan 148:155 arg1 composites 134:143 composites 134:143 composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification 134:241 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 46 theme chitosan 148:155 arg1 chitosan 148:155 chitosan 148:155 chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification 148:241 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 47 theme surface 222:228 arg1 modification 230:241 surface modification 222:241 surface modification 222:241 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 48 theme force 316:320 arg1 AFM 334:336 AFM 334:336 AFM 334:336 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 1 48 theme force 316:320 arg1 microscopy 322:331 atomic force microscopy 309:331 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 309:337 The structural properties, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of composites of chitosan (Ch) with nanoclay (montmorillonite, MMT) and/or nanoclays after surface modification have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a tensile tests. 24530323 3 49 theme increasing 580:589 arg1 concentration 591:603 the increasing concentration 576:603 the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% 576:642 However, the increasing concentration of the chitosan solution from 1% to 2% decreases the homogeneity of the surface of the composites. 24530323 5 50 theme particles 814:822 arg1 aggregates 824:833 particles aggregates 814:833 particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution 814:905 % of octadecylamine), the lack of particles aggregates in polymer matrix independent of the concentration of chitosan solution was observed. 24530323 6 51 theme nanoclay 944:951 arg1 addition 932:939 addition 932:939 addition of nanoclay after its surface modification 932:982 Generally, addition of nanoclay after its surface modification improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite much more than montmorillonite without modification. 26849200 0 0 theme second 65:70 arg1 production 91:100 second generation ethanol production 65:100 second generation ethanol production 65:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 5 1 theme sugar 707:711 arg1 content 713:719 higher sugar content 700:719 higher sugar content 700:719 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 6 2 theme glucose 769:775 arg1 yield 777:781 The highest glucose yield 757:781 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% 757:790 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 1 3 theme different 133:141 arg1 leaf 180:183 leaf 180:183 leaf 180:183 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 3 theme different 133:141 arg1 flower 186:191 flower 186:191 flower 186:191 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 3 theme different 133:141 arg1 stem 174:177 stem 174:177 stem 174:177 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 3 theme different 133:141 arg1 cob 194:196 cob 194:196 cob 194:196 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 3 theme different 133:141 arg1 parts 143:147 different parts 133:147 different parts 133:147 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 3 theme different 133:141 arg1 husk 202:205 husk 202:205 husk 202:205 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 4 4 theme different 520:528 arg1 parts 530:534 different parts 520:534 different parts of corn stalk 520:548 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 0 5 theme ethanol 83:89 arg1 production 91:100 second generation ethanol production 65:100 second generation ethanol production 65:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 0 6 from Effect 0:5 arg1 parts 41:45 different parts 31:45 different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production 31:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 6 7 theme highest 761:767 arg1 yield 777:781 The highest glucose yield 757:781 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% 757:790 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 4 8 theme vivid 607:611 arg1 fractions 507:515 hemicelluloses fractions 492:515 hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk 492:548 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 8 theme vivid 607:611 arg1 crystallinities 630:644 crystallinities 630:644 crystallinities 630:644 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 8 theme vivid 607:611 arg1 results 483:489 results 483:489 results 483:489 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 8 theme vivid 607:611 arg1 compositions 613:624 vivid compositions 607:624 vivid compositions 607:624 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 9 theme corn 539:542 arg1 stalk 544:548 corn stalk 539:548 corn stalk 539:548 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 0 10 theme generation 72:81 arg1 production 91:100 second generation ethanol production 65:100 second generation ethanol production 65:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 6 11 from L 959:959 arg1 case 972:975 the case 968:975 the case of flower 968:985 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 12 theme L 825:825 arg1 yield 777:781 The highest glucose yield 757:781 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% 757:790 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 12 theme L 825:825 arg1 production 804:813 ethanol production 796:813 ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) 796:829 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 1 13 from effects 122:128 arg1 production 236:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 14 theme parts 143:147 arg1 effects 122:128 the effects 118:128 the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production 118:245 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 6 15 theme g 823:823 arg1 L 825:825 24.0 g L 818:825 24.0 g L(-1) 818:829 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 15 theme g 823:823 arg1 -1 827:828 -1 827:828 -1 827:828 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 16 theme ethanol 913:919 arg1 % 946:946 86.0% 942:946 86.0% 942:946 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 16 theme ethanol 913:919 arg1 production 921:930 the ethanol production 909:930 the ethanol production 909:930 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 17 theme g 957:957 arg1 -1 961:962 -1 961:962 -1 961:962 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 17 theme g 957:957 arg1 L 959:959 17.1 g L 952:959 17.1 g L(-1) 952:963 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 4 18 theme hemicelluloses 492:505 arg1 compositions 613:624 vivid compositions 607:624 vivid compositions 607:624 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 18 theme hemicelluloses 492:505 arg1 crystallinities 630:644 crystallinities 630:644 crystallinities 630:644 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 18 theme hemicelluloses 492:505 arg1 results 483:489 results 483:489 results 483:489 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 4 18 theme hemicelluloses 492:505 arg1 fractions 507:515 hemicelluloses fractions 492:515 hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk 492:548 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 1 19 theme corn 152:155 arg1 stalk 157:161 corn stalk 152:161 corn stalk 152:161 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 4 20 from fractions 507:515 arg1 parts 530:534 different parts 520:534 different parts of corn stalk 520:548 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 1 21 theme second 210:215 arg1 production 236:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 6 22 from % 946:946 arg1 case 972:975 the case 968:975 the case of flower 968:985 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 1 23 theme stalk 157:161 arg1 leaf 180:183 leaf 180:183 leaf 180:183 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 23 theme stalk 157:161 arg1 flower 186:191 flower 186:191 flower 186:191 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 23 theme stalk 157:161 arg1 stem 174:177 stem 174:177 stem 174:177 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 23 theme stalk 157:161 arg1 cob 194:196 cob 194:196 cob 194:196 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 23 theme stalk 157:161 arg1 parts 143:147 different parts 133:147 different parts 133:147 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 1 23 theme stalk 157:161 arg1 husk 202:205 husk 202:205 husk 202:205 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 0 24 theme pretreatment 15:26 arg1 Effect 0:5 Effect 0:5 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 0:101 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 1 25 theme generation 217:226 arg1 production 236:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 5 26 theme other 661:665 arg1 parts 667:671 other parts 661:671 other parts of corn stalk 661:685 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 0 27 theme acid 10:13 arg1 pretreatment 15:26 acid pretreatment 10:26 acid pretreatment 10:26 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 1 28 theme ethanol 228:234 arg1 production 236:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 second generation ethanol production 210:245 In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. 26849200 0 29 theme different 31:39 arg1 parts 41:45 different parts 31:45 different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production 31:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 2 30 theme pretreatment 337:348 arg1 effect 315:320 the effect 311:320 the effect of dilute acid pretreatment 311:348 FTIR, XRD and SEM were performed to investigate the effect of dilute acid pretreatment. 26849200 2 31 theme dilute 325:330 arg1 pretreatment 337:348 dilute acid pretreatment 325:348 dilute acid pretreatment 325:348 FTIR, XRD and SEM were performed to investigate the effect of dilute acid pretreatment. 26849200 5 32 theme corn 676:679 arg1 stalk 681:685 corn stalk 676:685 corn stalk 676:685 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 6 33 theme glucose 891:897 arg1 yield 899:903 the glucose yield 887:903 the glucose yield 887:903 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 33 theme glucose 891:897 arg1 % 946:946 86.0% 942:946 86.0% 942:946 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 2 34 theme acid 332:335 arg1 pretreatment 337:348 dilute acid pretreatment 325:348 dilute acid pretreatment 325:348 FTIR, XRD and SEM were performed to investigate the effect of dilute acid pretreatment. 26849200 5 35 theme enzymatic 732:740 arg1 digestibility 742:754 better enzymatic digestibility 725:754 better enzymatic digestibility 725:754 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 5 36 theme stalk 681:685 arg1 parts 667:671 other parts 661:671 other parts of corn stalk 661:685 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 6 37 used used 862:865 arg2 feedstock 870:878 feedstock 870:878 feedstock 870:878 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 37 used used 862:865 arg2 cob 854:856 the cob 850:856 the cob 850:856 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 5 38 theme higher 700:705 arg1 content 713:719 higher sugar content 700:719 higher sugar content 700:719 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 6 39 theme flower 980:985 arg1 case 972:975 the case 968:975 the case of flower 968:985 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 5 40 contain had 696:698 arg2 content 713:719 higher sugar content 700:719 higher sugar content 700:719 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 5 40 contain had 696:698 arg1 cob 692:694 the cob 688:694 the cob 688:694 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 5 40 contain had 696:698 arg2 digestibility 742:754 better enzymatic digestibility 725:754 better enzymatic digestibility 725:754 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 6 41 theme % 790:790 arg1 yield 777:781 The highest glucose yield 757:781 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% 757:790 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 6 41 theme % 790:790 arg1 production 804:813 ethanol production 796:813 ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) 796:829 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 3 42 used used 432:435 arg2 bagasse 355:361 The bagasse 351:361 The bagasse obtained after pretreatment 351:389 The bagasse obtained after pretreatment were further hydrolyzed by cellulase and used as the substrate for ethanol fermentation. 26849200 3 42 used used 432:435 arg2 substrate 444:452 the substrate 440:452 the substrate for ethanol fermentation 440:477 The bagasse obtained after pretreatment were further hydrolyzed by cellulase and used as the substrate for ethanol fermentation. 26849200 6 43 theme ethanol 796:802 arg1 production 804:813 ethanol production 796:813 ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) 796:829 The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower. 26849200 4 44 theme stalk 544:548 arg1 parts 530:534 different parts 520:534 different parts of corn stalk 520:548 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 0 45 theme stalk 55:59 arg1 parts 41:45 different parts 31:45 different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production 31:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 4 46 theme solid 584:588 arg1 fractions 590:598 the solid fractions 580:598 the solid fractions 580:598 As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. 26849200 0 47 theme corn 50:53 arg1 stalk 55:59 corn stalk 50:59 corn stalk for second generation ethanol production 50:100 Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. 26849200 5 48 theme better 725:730 arg1 digestibility 742:754 better enzymatic digestibility 725:754 better enzymatic digestibility 725:754 Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. 26849200 3 49 theme ethanol 458:464 arg1 fermentation 466:477 ethanol fermentation 458:477 ethanol fermentation 458:477 The bagasse obtained after pretreatment were further hydrolyzed by cellulase and used as the substrate for ethanol fermentation. 26861733 3 0 with 0.75 vvm 493:500 arg1 0.321 g/g 542:550 0.321 g/g 542:550 0.321 g/g 542:550 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 3 0 with 0.75 vvm 493:500 arg1 production 530:539 mycelia polysaccharide production 507:539 mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g) 507:551 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 2 1 theme highest 358:364 arg1 biomass 374:380 a highest mycelia biomass 356:380 a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L 356:394 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 4 2 theme agitation 670:678 arg1 intensity 680:688 agitation intensity 670:688 agitation intensity 670:688 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 0 3 theme Exo-Polymer 91:101 arg1 Production 103:112 Exo-Polymer Production 91:112 Exo-Polymer Production 91:112 Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. 26861733 1 4 theme agitation 270:278 arg1 intensity 280:288 agitation intensity 270:288 agitation intensity 270:288 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 4 5 theme monosaccharide 718:731 arg1 compositions 733:744 the monosaccharide compositions 714:744 the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers 714:760 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 4 6 theme intensity 680:688 arg1 change 642:647 The change 638:647 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity 638:688 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 5 7 theme fermentation 924:935 arg1 parameters 937:946 fermentation parameters 924:946 fermentation parameters 924:946 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 5 8 theme G. 1003:1004 arg1 frondosa 1006:1013 G. frondosa 1003:1013 G. frondosa 1003:1013 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 4 9 theme aeration 652:659 arg1 rate 661:664 aeration rate 652:664 aeration rate 652:664 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 1 10 theme exo-polymer 168:178 arg1 production 180:189 exo-polymer production 168:189 exo-polymer production 168:189 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 4 11 contain had 690:692 arg1 change 642:647 The change 638:647 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity 638:688 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 4 11 contain had 690:692 arg2 influence 701:709 slight influence 694:709 slight influence 694:709 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 5 12 theme frondosa 1006:1013 arg1 parameters 937:946 fermentation parameters 924:946 fermentation parameters 924:946 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 5 12 theme frondosa 1006:1013 arg1 pathway 992:998 polysaccharide synthesis pathway 967:998 polysaccharide synthesis pathway 967:998 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 5 12 theme frondosa 1006:1013 arg1 morphologies 949:960 morphologies 949:960 morphologies 949:960 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 3 13 theme polysaccharide 515:528 arg1 0.321 g/g 542:550 0.321 g/g 542:550 0.321 g/g 542:550 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 3 13 theme polysaccharide 515:528 arg1 production 530:539 mycelia polysaccharide production 507:539 mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g) 507:551 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 4 14 from compositions 733:744 arg1 exo-polymers 749:760 exo-polymers 749:760 exo-polymers 749:760 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 2 15 theme aeration 323:330 arg1 rate 332:335 The aeration rate 319:335 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm 319:346 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 2 16 theme 24.754 g/L 385:394 arg1 biomass 374:380 a highest mycelia biomass 356:380 a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L 356:394 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 2 17 theme % 438:438 arg1 percentage 419:428 the lowest pellet percentage 401:428 the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 % 401:438 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 5 18 theme polysaccharide 967:980 arg1 pathway 992:998 polysaccharide synthesis pathway 967:998 polysaccharide synthesis pathway 967:998 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 2 19 theme lowest 405:410 arg1 percentage 419:428 the lowest pellet percentage 401:428 the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 % 401:438 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 0 20 theme Grifola 11:17 arg1 Morphology 28:37 Grifola frondosa Morphology 11:37 Grifola frondosa Morphology 11:37 Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. 26861733 1 21 theme 25-L 295:298 arg1 fermentor 308:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 1 22 from intensity 280:288 arg1 fermentor 308:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 5 23 theme synthesis 982:990 arg1 pathway 992:998 polysaccharide synthesis pathway 967:998 polysaccharide synthesis pathway 967:998 These findings will provide a clue for exploring the relationship between fermentation parameters, morphologies, and polysaccharide synthesis pathway of G. frondosa. 26861733 1 24 theme Grifola 208:214 arg1 morphology 225:234 Grifola frondosa morphology 208:234 Grifola frondosa morphology 208:234 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 1 25 theme stirred 300:306 arg1 fermentor 308:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 1 26 from rate 261:264 arg1 fermentor 308:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 a 25-L stirred fermentor 293:316 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 1 27 theme frondosa 216:223 arg1 morphology 225:234 Grifola frondosa morphology 208:234 Grifola frondosa morphology 208:234 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 2 28 theme pellet 412:417 arg1 percentage 419:428 the lowest pellet percentage 401:428 the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 % 401:438 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 0 29 theme Morphology 28:37 arg1 Control 0:6 Control 0:6 Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. 0:113 Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. 26861733 3 30 theme % 621:621 arg1 ratios 597:602 the ratios 593:602 the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively 593:635 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 0 31 theme frondosa 19:26 arg1 Morphology 28:37 Grifola frondosa Morphology 11:37 Grifola frondosa Morphology 11:37 Control of Grifola frondosa Morphology by Agitation and Aeration for Improving Mycelia and Exo-Polymer Production. 26861733 1 32 theme morphology 225:234 arg1 control 197:203 control 197:203 control of Grifola frondosa morphology 197:234 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 4 33 theme slight 694:699 arg1 influence 701:709 slight influence 694:709 slight influence 694:709 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 4 34 theme mycelia 825:831 arg1 polysaccharides 833:847 the mycelia polysaccharides 821:847 the mycelia polysaccharides 821:847 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 1 35 theme present 119:125 arg1 study 127:131 The present study 115:131 The present study 115:131 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 4 36 theme rate 661:664 arg1 change 642:647 The change 638:647 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity 638:688 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 1 37 dep rate 261:264 arg1 the 248:250 the 248:250 the 248:250 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 4 38 theme glucose 789:795 arg1 contents 809:816 glucose and mannose contents 789:816 glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides 789:847 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 4 39 from contents 809:816 arg1 polysaccharides 833:847 the mycelia polysaccharides 821:847 the mycelia polysaccharides 821:847 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 1 40 theme improved 147:154 arg1 mycelia 156:162 the improved mycelia 143:162 the improved mycelia 143:162 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 26861733 2 41 theme 1.0 vvm 340:346 arg1 rate 332:335 The aeration rate 319:335 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm 319:346 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 3 42 theme maximum 445:451 arg1 exo-polymer 453:463 The maximum exo-polymer 441:463 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) 441:475 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 3 42 theme maximum 445:451 arg1 2.324 g/L 466:474 2.324 g/L 466:474 2.324 g/L 466:474 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 3 43 theme mycelia 507:513 arg1 0.321 g/g 542:550 0.321 g/g 542:550 0.321 g/g 542:550 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 3 43 theme mycelia 507:513 arg1 production 530:539 mycelia polysaccharide production 507:539 mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g) 507:551 The maximum exo-polymer (2.324 g/L) was achieved at 0.75 vvm with mycelia polysaccharide production (0.321 g/g), whereas clumps and filaments dominated the ratios of 45.6 and 33.9 %, respectively. 26861733 4 44 theme mannose 801:807 arg1 contents 809:816 glucose and mannose contents 789:816 glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides 789:847 The change of aeration rate and agitation intensity had slight influence on the monosaccharide compositions in exo-polymers and significantly affected glucose and mannose contents in the mycelia polysaccharides. 26861733 2 45 theme mycelia 366:372 arg1 biomass 374:380 a highest mycelia biomass 356:380 a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L 356:394 The aeration rate of 1.0 vvm yielded a highest mycelia biomass of 24.754 g/L with the lowest pellet percentage of 20.5 %. 26861733 1 46 theme aeration 252:259 arg1 rate 261:264 aeration rate 252:264 aeration rate 252:264 The present study describes the improved mycelia and exo-polymer production under control of Grifola frondosa morphology by changing the aeration rate and agitation intensity in a 25-L stirred fermentor. 25439873 3 0 theme k-means 674:680 arg1 clustering 682:691 k-means clustering 674:691 k-means clustering 674:691 The samples were differentiated by development stage and cultivar using PCA and k-means clustering. 25439873 6 1 theme FT-IR 1060:1064 arg1 spectroscopy 1066:1077 FT-IR spectroscopy 1060:1077 FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods 1060:1111 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 1 2 theme cell 255:258 arg1 material 265:272 the cell wall material 251:272 the cell wall material from apples 251:284 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 1 3 theme FT-IR 345:349 arg1 spectroscopy 352:363 (FT-IR) spectroscopy 344:363 (FT-IR) spectroscopy 344:363 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 2 4 contain containing 403:412 arg1 region 376:381 The FT-IR region 366:381 The FT-IR region 366:381 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 4 contain containing 403:412 arg2 bands 429:433 characteristic bands 414:433 characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose 414:484 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 5 5 theme root-mean-square 882:897 arg1 % 1014:1014 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% 999:1014 % 1014:1014 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 5 5 theme root-mean-square 882:897 arg1 errors 899:904 the root-mean-square errors 878:904 the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively 878:1038 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 1 6 theme wall 260:263 arg1 material 265:272 the cell wall material 251:272 the cell wall material from apples 251:284 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 0 7 theme cell 104:107 arg1 changes 126:132 the cell wall composition changes 100:132 the cell wall composition changes during apples development 100:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 2 8 theme least 573:577 arg1 squares 579:585 partial least squares 565:585 partial least squares (PLS) 565:591 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 8 theme least 573:577 arg1 analysis 526:533 principal component analysis 506:533 principal component analysis (PCA) 506:539 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 8 theme least 573:577 arg1 PLS 588:590 PLS 588:590 PLS 588:590 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 6 9 theme reliable 1140:1147 arg1 determination 1149:1161 fast and reliable determination 1131:1161 fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls 1131:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 5 10 theme acid 955:958 arg1 contents 930:937 contents 930:937 contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose 930:987 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 1 11 theme material 265:272 arg1 composition 236:246 the composition 232:246 the composition of the cell wall material from apples 232:284 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 2 12 theme principal 506:514 arg1 squares 579:585 partial least squares 565:585 partial least squares (PLS) 565:591 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 12 theme principal 506:514 arg1 PCA 536:538 PCA 536:538 PCA 536:538 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 12 theme principal 506:514 arg1 analysis 526:533 principal component analysis 506:533 principal component analysis (PCA) 506:539 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 12 theme principal 506:514 arg1 clustering 550:559 k-means clustering 542:559 k-means clustering 542:559 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 1 13 dep Fourier 317:323 arg1 transform 325:333 transform 325:333 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 325:363 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 2 14 theme partial 565:571 arg1 squares 579:585 partial least squares 565:585 partial least squares (PLS) 565:591 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 14 theme partial 565:571 arg1 analysis 526:533 principal component analysis 506:533 principal component analysis (PCA) 506:539 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 14 theme partial 565:571 arg1 PLS 588:590 PLS 588:590 PLS 588:590 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 5 15 theme hemicellulose 961:973 arg1 contents 930:937 contents 930:937 contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose 930:987 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 0 16 theme composition 114:124 arg1 changes 126:132 the cell wall composition changes 100:132 the cell wall composition changes during apples development 100:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 1 17 dep transform 325:333 arg1 infrared 335:342 infrared 335:342 transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy 325:363 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 4 18 theme cellulose 758:766 arg1 content 768:774 cellulose content 758:774 cellulose content 758:774 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 2 19 theme cm 395:396 arg1 region 376:381 The FT-IR region 366:381 The FT-IR region 366:381 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 0 20 theme wall 109:112 arg1 changes 126:132 the cell wall composition changes 100:132 the cell wall composition changes during apples development 100:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 6 21 theme chemometric 1093:1103 arg1 methods 1105:1111 chemometric methods 1093:1111 chemometric methods 1093:1111 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 5 22 theme cellulose 979:987 arg1 contents 930:937 contents 930:937 contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose 930:987 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 1 23 theme work 177:180 arg1 aim 165:167 The aim 161:167 The aim of this work 161:180 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 0 24 theme FT-IR 10:14 arg1 spectroscopy 16:27 FT-IR spectroscopy 10:27 FT-IR spectroscopy 10:27 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 1 25 from apples 279:284 arg1 material 265:272 the cell wall material 251:272 the cell wall material from apples 251:284 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 1 25 from apples 279:284 arg1 composition 236:246 the composition 232:246 the composition of the cell wall material from apples 232:284 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 4 26 theme reference 833:841 arg1 data 843:846 the reference data 829:846 the reference data 829:846 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 6 27 theme fast 1131:1134 arg1 determination 1149:1161 fast and reliable determination 1131:1161 fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls 1131:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 2 28 theme characteristic 414:427 arg1 bands 429:433 characteristic bands 414:433 characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose 414:484 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 5 29 theme galacturonic 942:953 arg1 acid 955:958 galacturonic acid 942:958 galacturonic acid 942:958 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 0 30 theme changes 126:132 arg1 analysis 88:95 qualitative and quantitative analysis 59:95 qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development 59:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 4 31 theme galacturonic 721:732 arg1 acid 734:737 galacturonic acid 721:737 galacturonic acid 721:737 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 6 32 theme main 1170:1173 arg1 constituents 1175:1186 the main constituents 1166:1186 the main constituents of fruit cell walls 1166:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 0 33 theme multivariate 33:44 arg1 analysis 46:53 multivariate analysis 33:53 multivariate analysis 33:53 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 0 34 theme apples 141:146 arg1 development 148:158 apples development 141:158 apples development 141:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 0 35 theme qualitative 59:69 arg1 analysis 88:95 qualitative and quantitative analysis 59:95 qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development 59:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 2 36 theme component 516:524 arg1 squares 579:585 partial least squares 565:585 partial least squares (PLS) 565:591 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 36 theme component 516:524 arg1 PCA 536:538 PCA 536:538 PCA 536:538 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 36 theme component 516:524 arg1 analysis 526:533 principal component analysis 506:533 principal component analysis (PCA) 506:539 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 36 theme component 516:524 arg1 clustering 550:559 k-means clustering 542:559 k-means clustering 542:559 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 6 37 contain has 1113:1115 arg1 spectroscopy 1066:1077 FT-IR spectroscopy 1060:1077 FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods 1060:1111 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 6 37 contain has 1113:1115 arg2 potential 1117:1125 potential 1117:1125 potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls 1117:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 6 38 theme walls 1202:1206 arg1 constituents 1175:1186 the main constituents 1166:1186 the main constituents of fruit cell walls 1166:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 2 39 theme galacturonic 439:450 arg1 acid 452:455 galacturonic acid 439:455 galacturonic acid 439:455 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 6 40 theme cell 1197:1200 arg1 walls 1202:1206 fruit cell walls 1191:1206 fruit cell walls 1191:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 5 41 theme mg/g 1004:1007 arg1 % 1014:1014 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% 999:1014 % 1014:1014 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 5 41 theme mg/g 1004:1007 arg1 errors 899:904 the root-mean-square errors 878:904 the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively 878:1038 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 2 42 theme k-means 542:548 arg1 analysis 526:533 principal component analysis 506:533 principal component analysis (PCA) 506:539 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 2 42 theme k-means 542:548 arg1 clustering 550:559 k-means clustering 542:559 k-means clustering 542:559 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 6 43 theme fruit 1191:1195 arg1 walls 1202:1206 fruit cell walls 1191:1206 fruit cell walls 1191:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 4 44 theme calibration 698:708 arg1 models 710:715 PLS calibration models 694:715 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra 694:793 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 1 45 from composition 236:246 arg1 apples 279:284 apples 279:284 apples 279:284 The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. 25439873 3 46 theme development 629:639 arg1 stage 641:645 development stage 629:645 development stage 629:645 The samples were differentiated by development stage and cultivar using PCA and k-means clustering. 25439873 4 47 from spectra 787:793 arg1 hemicellulose 740:752 hemicellulose 740:752 hemicellulose 740:752 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 4 47 from spectra 787:793 arg1 content 768:774 cellulose content 758:774 cellulose content 758:774 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 4 47 from spectra 787:793 arg1 acid 734:737 galacturonic acid 721:737 galacturonic acid 721:737 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 4 48 theme PLS 694:696 arg1 models 710:715 PLS calibration models 694:715 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra 694:793 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 25439873 5 49 theme cross-validation 909:924 arg1 % 1014:1014 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% 999:1014 % 1014:1014 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 5 49 theme cross-validation 909:924 arg1 errors 899:904 the root-mean-square errors 878:904 the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively 878:1038 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 0 50 theme quantitative 75:86 arg1 analysis 88:95 qualitative and quantitative analysis 59:95 qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development 59:158 Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. 25439873 6 51 theme constituents 1175:1186 arg1 determination 1149:1161 fast and reliable determination 1131:1161 fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls 1131:1206 It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls. 25439873 2 52 theme FT-IR 370:374 arg1 region 376:381 The FT-IR region 366:381 The FT-IR region 366:381 The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). 25439873 5 53 theme PLS 849:851 arg1 models 853:858 PLS models 849:858 PLS models 849:858 PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. 25439873 4 54 theme FT-IR 781:785 arg1 spectra 787:793 FT-IR spectra 781:793 FT-IR spectra 781:793 PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. 28754625 3 0 from protection 641:650 arg1 potent 561:566 potent 561:566 potent 561:566 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 1 dep Laminaria 281:289 arg1 japonica 291:298 Laminaria japonica 281:298 Laminaria japonica 281:298 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 5 2 theme biological 1119:1128 arg1 activity 1130:1137 its specific biological activity 1106:1137 its specific biological activity tested 1106:1144 These results indicated that the chemical property of fucoidan was correlated to its specific biological activity tested. 28754625 3 3 theme molecular 507:515 arg1 weight 517:522 the low molecular weight 499:522 the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 499:541 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 3 theme molecular 507:515 arg1 LMW 525:527 LMW 525:527 LMW 525:527 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 4 theme sulfation 231:239 arg1 degree 221:226 degree 221:226 degree of sulfation and sulfate position 221:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 4 theme sulfation 231:239 arg1 composition 186:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 4 theme sulfation 231:239 arg1 weight 209:214 molecular weight 199:214 molecular weight 199:214 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 0 5 theme Laminaria 76:84 arg1 japonica 86:93 Laminaria japonica 76:93 Laminaria japonica 76:93 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 1 6 theme radical 328:334 arg1 degradation 336:346 radical degradation 328:346 radical degradation 328:346 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 3 7 theme weight 517:522 arg1 LF1 539:541 the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 499:541 the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 499:541 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 8 theme cell 838:841 arg1 system 843:848 endothelial cell system 826:848 endothelial cell system 826:848 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 4 9 theme BaF3 952:955 arg1 proliferation 962:974 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation 934:974 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation 934:974 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 10 theme fucoidan 880:887 arg1 fractions 889:897 the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 860:908 the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 860:908 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 10 theme fucoidan 880:887 arg1 LF2 906:908 LF2 906:908 LF2 906:908 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 10 theme fucoidan 880:887 arg1 F2 899:900 F2 899:900 F2 899:900 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 10 theme fucoidan 880:887 arg1 inducing 925:932 inducing 925:932 inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10 925:1022 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 1 11 theme sulfate 245:251 arg1 position 253:260 sulfate position 245:260 sulfate position 245:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 4 12 theme FGFR1c-expressing 934:950 arg1 proliferation 962:974 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation 934:974 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation 934:974 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 3 13 theme CD31 695:698 arg1 vein 821:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 13 theme CD31 695:698 arg1 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 653:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 13 theme CD31 695:698 arg1 protection 641:650 endothelial protection 629:650 endothelial protection 629:650 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 4 14 theme sulfated 871:878 arg1 fractions 889:897 the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 860:908 the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 860:908 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 14 theme sulfated 871:878 arg1 LF2 906:908 LF2 906:908 LF2 906:908 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 14 theme sulfated 871:878 arg1 F2 899:900 F2 899:900 F2 899:900 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 14 theme sulfated 871:878 arg1 inducing 925:932 inducing 925:932 inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10 925:1022 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 6 15 theme sulfation 1237:1245 arg1 degree 1227:1232 degree 1227:1232 degree of sulfation 1227:1245 Therefore, defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation might be important in developing it into a medicine. 28754625 6 15 theme sulfation 1237:1245 arg1 composition 1192:1202 defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition 1158:1202 defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition 1158:1202 Therefore, defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation might be important in developing it into a medicine. 28754625 6 15 theme sulfation 1237:1245 arg1 weight 1215:1220 molecular weight 1205:1220 molecular weight 1205:1220 Therefore, defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation might be important in developing it into a medicine. 28754625 1 16 theme position 253:260 arg1 degree 221:226 degree 221:226 degree of sulfation and sulfate position 221:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 16 theme position 253:260 arg1 composition 186:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 16 theme position 253:260 arg1 weight 209:214 molecular weight 199:214 molecular weight 199:214 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 5 17 theme chemical 1058:1065 arg1 property 1067:1074 the chemical property 1054:1074 the chemical property of fucoidan 1054:1086 These results indicated that the chemical property of fucoidan was correlated to its specific biological activity tested. 28754625 3 18 dep protection 641:650 arg1 system 843:848 endothelial cell system 826:848 endothelial cell system 826:848 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 19 dep fractions 125:133 arg1 fractions 125:133 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions 96:133 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position 96:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 19 dep fractions 125:133 arg1 LF1 143:145 LF1 143:145 LF1 143:145 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 19 dep fractions 125:133 arg1 LF2 152:154 LF2 152:154 LF2 152:154 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 19 dep fractions 125:133 arg1 F2 139:140 F2 139:140 F2 139:140 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 19 dep fractions 125:133 arg1 F1 135:136 F1 135:136 F1 135:136 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 2 20 theme action 400:405 arg1 mechanism 407:415 possible action mechanism 391:415 possible action mechanism 391:415 Their endothelial protective activity and possible action mechanism were studied using both cell- and rat-based models systematically. 28754625 4 21 theme cell 957:960 arg1 proliferation 962:974 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation 934:974 FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation 934:974 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 3 22 theme Factor 687:692 arg1 vein 821:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 22 theme Factor 687:692 arg1 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 653:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 22 theme Factor 687:692 arg1 protection 641:650 endothelial protection 629:650 endothelial protection 629:650 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 23 theme endothelial 826:836 arg1 system 843:848 endothelial cell system 826:848 endothelial cell system 826:848 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 24 theme fucoidan 530:537 arg1 LF1 539:541 the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 499:541 the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 499:541 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 2 25 theme possible 391:398 arg1 mechanism 407:415 possible action mechanism 391:415 possible action mechanism 391:415 Their endothelial protective activity and possible action mechanism were studied using both cell- and rat-based models systematically. 28754625 0 26 theme structure 4:12 arg1 property 14:21 structure property 4:21 structure property 4:21 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 4 27 dep fractions 889:897 arg1 fractions 889:897 the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 860:908 the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 860:908 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 27 dep fractions 889:897 arg1 LF2 906:908 LF2 906:908 LF2 906:908 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 4 27 dep fractions 889:897 arg1 F2 899:900 F2 899:900 F2 899:900 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 1 28 with fractions 125:133 arg1 degree 221:226 degree 221:226 degree of sulfation and sulfate position 221:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 28 with fractions 125:133 arg1 composition 186:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 28 with fractions 125:133 arg1 weight 209:214 molecular weight 199:214 molecular weight 199:214 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 29 theme different 161:169 arg1 composition 186:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 3 30 theme endothelial 720:730 arg1 microparticles 732:745 endothelial microparticles 720:745 endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 720:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 31 from microparticles 732:745 arg1 rats 796:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 32 from down-regulation 653:667 arg1 potent 561:566 potent 561:566 potent 561:566 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 33 theme monosaccharide 171:184 arg1 composition 186:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 different monosaccharide composition 161:196 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 2 34 theme cell- 441:445 arg1 models 461:466 both cell- and rat-based models 436:466 both cell- and rat-based models 436:466 Their endothelial protective activity and possible action mechanism were studied using both cell- and rat-based models systematically. 28754625 1 35 theme antithrombotic 101:114 arg1 LF1 143:145 LF1 143:145 LF1 143:145 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 35 theme antithrombotic 101:114 arg1 fractions 125:133 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions 96:133 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position 96:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 35 theme antithrombotic 101:114 arg1 F2 139:140 F2 139:140 F2 139:140 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 35 theme antithrombotic 101:114 arg1 F1 135:136 F1 135:136 F1 135:136 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 35 theme antithrombotic 101:114 arg1 LF2 152:154 LF2 152:154 LF2 152:154 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 3 36 theme umbilical 811:819 arg1 vein 821:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 37 theme CD51 704:707 arg1 vein 821:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 37 theme CD51 704:707 arg1 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 653:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 37 theme CD51 704:707 arg1 protection 641:650 endothelial protection 629:650 endothelial protection 629:650 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 38 from vein 821:824 arg1 potent 561:566 potent 561:566 potent 561:566 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 0 39 from japonica 86:93 arg1 property 14:21 structure property 4:21 structure property 4:21 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 0 39 from japonica 86:93 arg1 activity 50:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 1 40 theme fucoidan 116:123 arg1 LF1 143:145 LF1 143:145 LF1 143:145 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 40 theme fucoidan 116:123 arg1 fractions 125:133 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions 96:133 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position 96:260 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 40 theme fucoidan 116:123 arg1 F2 139:140 F2 139:140 F2 139:140 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 40 theme fucoidan 116:123 arg1 F1 135:136 F1 135:136 F1 135:136 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 1 40 theme fucoidan 116:123 arg1 LF2 152:154 LF2 152:154 LF2 152:154 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 0 41 theme protective 39:48 arg1 activity 50:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 3 42 theme medium 577:582 arg1 F1 616:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 43 theme molecular 199:207 arg1 weight 209:214 molecular weight 199:214 molecular weight 199:214 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 0 44 theme endothelial 27:37 arg1 activity 50:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 3 45 theme arterial 768:775 arg1 rats 796:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 4 46 theme FGF-1 995:999 arg1 presence 983:990 the presence 979:990 the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10 979:1022 However, the highly sulfated fucoidan fractions F2 and LF2 were better at inducing FGFR1c-expressing BaF3 cell proliferation in the presence of FGF-1, -2, -7, -8, -9 or -10. 28754625 3 47 theme fucoidan 607:614 arg1 F1 616:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 48 theme molecular 584:592 arg1 F1 616:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 49 theme adrenalin-induced 750:766 arg1 rats 796:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 50 theme endothelial 777:787 arg1 rats 796:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 51 theme hot 303:305 arg1 extraction 313:322 hot water extraction 303:322 hot water extraction 303:322 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 5 52 theme fucoidan 1079:1086 arg1 property 1067:1074 the chemical property 1054:1074 the chemical property of fucoidan 1054:1086 These results indicated that the chemical property of fucoidan was correlated to its specific biological activity tested. 28754625 3 53 theme low 503:505 arg1 weight 517:522 the low molecular weight 499:522 the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 499:541 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 53 theme low 503:505 arg1 LMW 525:527 LMW 525:527 LMW 525:527 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 1 54 theme water 307:311 arg1 extraction 313:322 hot water extraction 303:322 hot water extraction 303:322 Four antithrombotic fucoidan fractions F1, F2, LF1, and LF2 with different monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation and sulfate position were prepared from Laminaria japonica by hot water extraction and radical degradation. 28754625 6 55 theme monosaccharide 1177:1190 arg1 composition 1192:1202 defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition 1158:1202 defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition 1158:1202 Therefore, defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation might be important in developing it into a medicine. 28754625 3 56 theme MMW 602:604 arg1 F1 616:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 6 57 theme molecular 1205:1213 arg1 weight 1215:1220 molecular weight 1205:1220 molecular weight 1205:1220 Therefore, defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation might be important in developing it into a medicine. 28754625 0 58 dep property 14:21 arg1 The 0:2 The 0:2 The 0:2 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 2 59 theme endothelial 355:365 arg1 activity 378:385 Their endothelial protective activity 349:385 Their endothelial protective activity 349:385 Their endothelial protective activity and possible action mechanism were studied using both cell- and rat-based models systematically. 28754625 3 60 theme human 805:809 arg1 vein 821:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 61 theme endothelial 629:639 arg1 protection 641:650 endothelial protection 629:650 endothelial protection 629:650 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 62 theme weight 594:599 arg1 F1 616:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 573:617 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 2 63 theme protective 367:376 arg1 activity 378:385 Their endothelial protective activity 349:385 Their endothelial protective activity 349:385 Their endothelial protective activity and possible action mechanism were studied using both cell- and rat-based models systematically. 28754625 3 64 from potent 561:566 arg1 vein 821:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 human umbilical vein 805:824 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 64 from potent 561:566 arg1 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation 653:667 down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 653:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 64 from potent 561:566 arg1 protection 641:650 endothelial protection 629:650 endothelial protection 629:650 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 3 65 theme injury 789:794 arg1 rats 796:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats 750:799 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 0 66 theme fucoidan 62:69 arg1 property 14:21 structure property 4:21 structure property 4:21 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 0 66 theme fucoidan 62:69 arg1 activity 50:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 endothelial protective activity 27:57 The structure property and endothelial protective activity of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica. 28754625 3 67 theme von 672:674 arg1 Factor 687:692 von Willebrand Factor 672:692 von Willebrand Factor 672:692 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 6 68 theme defying 1158:1164 arg1 fucoidan 1166:1173 defying fucoidan's 1158:1175 defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition 1158:1202 Therefore, defying fucoidan's monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and degree of sulfation might be important in developing it into a medicine. 28754625 3 69 theme Willebrand 676:685 arg1 Factor 687:692 von Willebrand Factor 672:692 von Willebrand Factor 672:692 By comparison, the low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan LF1 and LF2 were more potent than the medium molecular weight (MMW) fucoidan F1 and F2 in endothelial protection, down-regulation of von Willebrand Factor, CD31 and CD51 expressing endothelial microparticles in adrenalin-induced arterial endothelial injury rats and human umbilical vein endothelial cell system. 28754625 2 70 theme rat-based 451:459 arg1 models 461:466 both cell- and rat-based models 436:466 both cell- and rat-based models 436:466 Their endothelial protective activity and possible action mechanism were studied using both cell- and rat-based models systematically. 28754625 5 71 theme specific 1110:1117 arg1 activity 1130:1137 its specific biological activity 1106:1137 its specific biological activity tested 1106:1144 These results indicated that the chemical property of fucoidan was correlated to its specific biological activity tested. 27646410 1 0 theme unique 302:307 arg1 area 331:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 4 1 theme protons 935:941 arg1 release 924:930 the release 920:930 the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 920:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 6 2 theme surface 1286:1292 arg1 properties 1294:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 3 3 theme surface 799:805 arg1 area 807:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 6 4 from SIGNIFICANCE 1148:1159 arg1 study 1193:1197 this study 1188:1197 this study 1188:1197 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 6 5 theme excellent 1262:1270 arg1 properties 1294:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 6 6 from IMPACT 1165:1170 arg1 study 1193:1197 this study 1188:1197 this study 1188:1197 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 2 7 theme surface 342:348 arg1 trioxide 366:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide 337:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles 337:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 6 8 theme composite 1247:1255 arg1 development 1200:1210 development 1200:1210 development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1200:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 3 9 with composites 723:732 arg1 trioxide 769:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide 739:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area 739:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 0 10 from particles 99:107 arg1 properties 54:63 antimicrobial properties 40:63 antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 40:107 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 1 11 theme antimicrobial 231:243 arg1 activity 245:252 an excellent antimicrobial activity 218:252 an excellent antimicrobial activity 218:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 8 12 theme modern 1571:1576 arg1 environments 1597:1608 modern medical and public environments 1571:1608 modern medical and public environments 1571:1608 The developed composites might step up to innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments. 27646410 7 13 theme biopolymer 1478:1487 arg1 matrix 1489:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 3 14 theme roll-on 651:657 arg1 test 659:662 a roll-on test 649:662 a roll-on test 649:662 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 4 15 theme trioxide 1003:1010 arg1 particles 1012:1020 the molybdenum trioxide particles 988:1020 the molybdenum trioxide particles 988:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 7 16 theme acetate 1467:1473 arg1 matrix 1489:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 4 17 theme Cellulose 813:821 arg1 composites 831:840 Cellulose acetate composites 813:840 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles 813:866 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 0 18 theme molybdenum 79:88 arg1 particles 99:107 embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 70:107 embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 70:107 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 19 from enlargement 973:983 arg1 bacteria 896:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 19 from enlargement 973:983 arg1 result 910:915 a result 908:915 a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 908:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 19 from enlargement 973:983 arg1 release 924:930 the release 920:930 the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 920:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 3 20 theme antimicrobial 678:690 arg1 activities 692:701 excellent antimicrobial activities 668:701 excellent antimicrobial activities 668:701 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 1 21 theme cellulose 162:170 arg1 biopolymer 181:190 biopolymer 181:190 biopolymer 181:190 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 1 21 theme cellulose 162:170 arg1 acetate 172:178 novel cellulose acetate 156:178 novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity 156:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 2 22 from 340°C 499:503 arg1 dihydrate 445:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate 404:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) 404:467 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 22 from 340°C 499:503 arg1 calcination 484:494 subsequent calcination 473:494 subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas 473:520 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 22 from 340°C 499:503 arg1 O 466:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 5 23 theme local 1088:1092 arg1 increase 1102:1109 local acidity increase 1088:1109 local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas 1088:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 6 24 theme STUDY 1179:1183 arg1 IMPACT 1165:1170 IMPACT 1165:1170 IMPACT 1165:1170 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 6 24 theme STUDY 1179:1183 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1148:1159 SIGNIFICANCE 1148:1159 SIGNIFICANCE 1148:1159 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 2 25 theme trioxide 436:443 arg1 dihydrate 445:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate 404:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) 404:467 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 25 theme trioxide 436:443 arg1 O 466:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 0 26 theme Cellulose 0:8 arg1 composites 24:33 Cellulose acetate-based composites 0:33 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 0:108 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 1 27 theme high 309:312 arg1 area 331:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 7 28 theme trioxide 1432:1439 arg1 properties 1407:1416 the antimicrobial properties 1389:1416 the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1389:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 2 29 theme subsequent 473:482 arg1 calcination 484:494 subsequent calcination 473:494 subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas 473:520 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 4 30 theme MoO3 853:856 arg1 particles 858:866 MoO3 particles 853:866 MoO3 particles 853:866 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 1 31 theme surface 323:329 arg1 area 331:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 5 32 theme antimicrobial 1055:1067 arg1 mechanism 1069:1077 a proposed antimicrobial mechanism 1044:1077 a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas 1044:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 8 33 dep step 1528:1531 arg1 up 1533:1534 up 1533:1534 up 1533:1534 The developed composites might step up to innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments. 27646410 2 34 theme /N2 514:516 arg1 gas 518:520 H2 /N2 gas 511:520 H2 /N2 gas 511:520 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 35 theme ·2H2 461:464 arg1 dihydrate 445:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate 404:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) 404:467 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 35 theme ·2H2 461:464 arg1 O 466:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 0 36 theme antimicrobial 40:52 arg1 properties 54:63 antimicrobial properties 40:63 antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 40:107 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 5 37 theme specific 1124:1131 arg1 areas 1141:1145 large specific surface areas 1118:1145 large specific surface areas 1118:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 7 38 theme antimicrobial 1393:1405 arg1 properties 1407:1416 the antimicrobial properties 1389:1416 the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1389:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 4 39 theme release 924:930 arg1 bacteria 896:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 39 theme release 924:930 arg1 result 910:915 a result 908:915 a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 908:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 0 40 with composites 24:33 arg1 properties 54:63 antimicrobial properties 40:63 antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 40:107 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 3 41 theme Microbiological 523:537 arg1 evaluation 539:548 Microbiological evaluation 523:548 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 523:623 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 4 42 dep material 952:959 arg1 the 948:950 the 948:950 the 948:950 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 1 43 with materials 203:211 arg1 activity 245:252 an excellent antimicrobial activity 218:252 an excellent antimicrobial activity 218:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 6 44 theme novel 1217:1221 arg1 composite 1247:1255 a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite 1215:1255 a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1215:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 7 45 dep trioxide 1432:1439 arg1 embedded 1441:1448 embedded 1441:1448 embedded 1441:1448 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 2 46 theme trioxide 366:373 arg1 particles 375:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles 337:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles 337:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 3 47 theme anhydrous 748:756 arg1 trioxide 769:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide 739:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area 739:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 2 48 theme precipitated 412:423 arg1 dihydrate 445:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate 404:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) 404:467 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 48 theme precipitated 412:423 arg1 O 466:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 3 49 theme specific 790:797 arg1 area 807:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 1 50 theme trioxide 278:285 arg1 particles 287:295 molybdenum trioxide particles 267:295 molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area 267:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 4 51 theme surface 965:971 arg1 enlargement 973:983 surface enlargement 965:983 surface enlargement 965:983 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 6 52 theme antimicrobial 1272:1284 arg1 properties 1294:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 2 53 theme area 350:353 arg1 trioxide 366:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide 337:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles 337:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 3 54 with trioxide 769:776 arg1 area 807:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 1 55 theme composite 193:201 arg1 materials 203:211 novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials 156:211 novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity 156:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 2 56 theme High 337:340 arg1 trioxide 366:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide 337:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles 337:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 4 57 theme particles 1012:1020 arg1 material 952:959 material 952:959 material 952:959 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 57 theme particles 1012:1020 arg1 enlargement 973:983 surface enlargement 965:983 surface enlargement 965:983 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 6 58 theme bio-based 1237:1245 arg1 composite 1247:1255 a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite 1215:1255 a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1215:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 1 59 theme excellent 221:229 arg1 activity 245:252 an excellent antimicrobial activity 218:252 an excellent antimicrobial activity 218:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 6 60 with composite 1247:1255 arg1 properties 1294:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1262:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 8 61 theme medical 1578:1584 arg1 environments 1597:1608 modern medical and public environments 1571:1608 modern medical and public environments 1571:1608 The developed composites might step up to innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments. 27646410 1 62 theme research 132:139 arg1 objective 114:122 The objective 110:122 The objective of this research 110:139 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 8 63 theme public 1590:1595 arg1 environments 1597:1608 modern medical and public environments 1571:1608 modern medical and public environments 1571:1608 The developed composites might step up to innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments. 27646410 4 64 from result 910:915 arg1 material 952:959 material 952:959 material 952:959 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 64 from result 910:915 arg1 enlargement 973:983 surface enlargement 965:983 surface enlargement 965:983 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 65 theme molybdenum 992:1001 arg1 particles 1012:1020 the molybdenum trioxide particles 988:1020 the molybdenum trioxide particles 988:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 7 66 theme as 1475:1476 arg1 matrix 1489:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 0 67 theme trioxide 90:97 arg1 particles 99:107 embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 70:107 embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 70:107 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 3 68 theme excellent 668:676 arg1 activities 692:701 excellent antimicrobial activities 668:701 excellent antimicrobial activities 668:701 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 1 69 theme novel 156:160 arg1 biopolymer 181:190 biopolymer 181:190 biopolymer 181:190 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 1 69 theme novel 156:160 arg1 acetate 172:178 novel cellulose acetate 156:178 novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity 156:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 7 70 theme cellulose 1457:1465 arg1 matrix 1489:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1455:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 1 71 theme acetate 172:178 arg1 materials 203:211 novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials 156:211 novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity 156:252 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 4 72 from material 952:959 arg1 bacteria 896:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 72 from material 952:959 arg1 result 910:915 a result 908:915 a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 908:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 72 from material 952:959 arg1 release 924:930 the release 920:930 the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 920:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 0 73 theme acetate-based 10:22 arg1 composites 24:33 Cellulose acetate-based composites 0:33 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 0:108 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 7 74 theme molybdenum 1421:1430 arg1 trioxide 1432:1439 molybdenum trioxide 1421:1439 molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1421:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 4 75 theme acetate 823:829 arg1 composites 831:840 Cellulose acetate composites 813:840 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles 813:866 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 2 76 theme molybdenum 425:434 arg1 dihydrate 445:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate 404:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) 404:467 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 76 theme molybdenum 425:434 arg1 O 466:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 1 77 theme specific 314:321 arg1 area 331:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 5 78 theme proposed 1046:1053 arg1 mechanism 1069:1077 a proposed antimicrobial mechanism 1044:1077 a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas 1044:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 5 79 theme large 1118:1122 arg1 areas 1141:1145 large specific surface areas 1118:1145 large specific surface areas 1118:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 2 80 theme H2 511:512 arg1 gas 518:520 H2 /N2 gas 511:520 H2 /N2 gas 511:520 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 8 81 theme developed 1501:1509 arg1 composites 1511:1520 The developed composites 1497:1520 The developed composites 1497:1520 The developed composites might step up to innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments. 27646410 2 82 theme MoO3 456:459 arg1 dihydrate 445:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate 404:453 freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) 404:467 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 2 82 theme MoO3 456:459 arg1 O 466:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 MoO3 ·2H2 O 456:466 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 0 83 theme embedded 70:77 arg1 particles 99:107 embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 70:107 embedded molybdenum trioxide particles 70:107 Cellulose acetate-based composites with antimicrobial properties from embedded molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 5 84 theme surface 1133:1139 arg1 areas 1141:1145 large specific surface areas 1118:1145 large specific surface areas 1118:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 6 85 theme thermoplastic 1223:1235 arg1 composite 1247:1255 a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite 1215:1255 a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties 1215:1303 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, development of a novel thermoplastic bio-based composite with excellent antimicrobial surface properties is investigated. 27646410 3 86 theme molybdenum 758:767 arg1 trioxide 769:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide 739:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area 739:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 5 87 theme acidity 1094:1100 arg1 increase 1102:1109 local acidity increase 1088:1109 local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas 1088:1145 The findings support a proposed antimicrobial mechanism based on local acidity increase due to large specific surface areas. 27646410 1 88 with particles 287:295 arg1 area 331:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 unique high specific surface area 302:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 27646410 7 89 theme first 1364:1368 arg1 report 1370:1375 the first report 1360:1375 the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix 1360:1494 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 7 89 theme first 1364:1368 arg1 this 1352:1355 this 1352:1355 this 1352:1355 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of molybdenum trioxide embedded into a cellulose acetate as biopolymer matrix. 27646410 3 90 theme embedded 739:746 arg1 trioxide 769:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide 739:776 embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area 739:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 4 91 theme harmful 888:894 arg1 bacteria 896:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 three harmful bacteria 882:903 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 4 91 theme harmful 888:894 arg1 result 910:915 a result 908:915 a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles 908:1020 Cellulose acetate composites comprising MoO3 particles can eliminate three harmful bacteria as a result of the release of protons from the material and surface enlargement of the molybdenum trioxide particles. 27646410 2 92 theme molybdenum 355:364 arg1 trioxide 366:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide 337:373 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles 337:383 High surface area molybdenum trioxide particles were prepared from freshly precipitated molybdenum trioxide dihydrate (MoO3 ·2H2 O) and subsequent calcination at 340°C under H2 /N2 gas. 27646410 3 93 theme high 785:788 arg1 area 807:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 a high specific surface area 783:810 Microbiological evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed applying a roll-on test and excellent antimicrobial activities were determined for composites with embedded anhydrous molybdenum trioxide with a high specific surface area. 27646410 8 94 theme innovative 1539:1548 arg1 applications 1550:1561 innovative applications 1539:1561 innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments 1539:1608 The developed composites might step up to innovative applications used in modern medical and public environments. 27646410 1 95 theme molybdenum 267:276 arg1 particles 287:295 molybdenum trioxide particles 267:295 molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area 267:334 The objective of this research was to develop novel cellulose acetate (biopolymer) composite materials with an excellent antimicrobial activity by embedding molybdenum trioxide particles with unique high specific surface area. 25451755 10 0 from oxyspermum 1350:1359 arg1 polysaccharide 1327:1340 the sulfated polysaccharide 1314:1340 the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum 1314:1359 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 25451755 6 1 theme polysaccharide 720:733 arg1 features 699:706 The structural features 684:706 The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide 684:733 The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 % 329:329 7.8% 326:329 7.8% of uronic acid 326:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 % 312:312 0% 311:312 0% of protein 311:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 % 292:292 92% 290:292 92% of carbohydrate 290:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 % 364:364 33% 362:364 33% of moisture 362:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 2 theme ash 354:356 arg1 % 349:349 22% 347:349 22% of ash 347:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 0 3 from characterization 11:26 arg1 oxyspermum 89:98 Monostroma oxyspermum 78:98 Monostroma oxyspermum 78:98 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 8 4 theme scavenging 984:993 arg1 ability 995:1001 ABTS scavenging ability 979:1001 ABTS scavenging ability 979:1001 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 1 5 theme anion-exchange 195:208 arg1 extraction 183:192 hot water extraction 173:192 hot water extraction 173:192 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 5 theme anion-exchange 195:208 arg1 chromatography 236:249 anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography 195:249 chromatography 236:249 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 10 6 theme anticoagulant 1388:1400 arg1 activities 1402:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 25451755 7 7 dep showed 806:811 arg1 % 910:910 66.83% 905:910 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively 905:936 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 7 dep showed 806:811 arg1 % 886:886 as 66.29% 878:886 as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml 878:899 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 8 theme Thromboplastin 1181:1194 arg1 APTT 1202:1205 APTT 1202:1205 APTT 1202:1205 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 8 theme Thromboplastin 1181:1194 arg1 Time 1196:1199 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1163:1199 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 1163:1206 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 % 329:329 7.8% 326:329 7.8% of uronic acid 326:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 % 312:312 0% 311:312 0% of protein 311:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 % 292:292 92% 290:292 92% of carbohydrate 290:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 % 364:364 33% 362:364 33% of moisture 362:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 9 theme protein 317:323 arg1 % 349:349 22% 347:349 22% of ash 347:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 6 10 theme sulfated 711:718 arg1 polysaccharide 720:733 sulfated polysaccharide 711:733 sulfated polysaccharide 711:733 The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 % 329:329 7.8% 326:329 7.8% of uronic acid 326:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 % 312:312 0% 311:312 0% of protein 311:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 % 292:292 92% 290:292 92% of carbohydrate 290:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 % 364:364 33% 362:364 33% of moisture 362:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 11 theme acid 341:344 arg1 % 349:349 22% 347:349 22% of ash 347:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 9 12 theme anticoagulant 1092:1104 arg1 activity 1106:1113 The anticoagulant activity 1088:1113 The anticoagulant activity 1088:1113 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 13 from μg/ml 919:923 arg1 % 910:910 66.83% 905:910 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively 905:936 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 13 from μg/ml 919:923 arg1 % 886:886 as 66.29% 878:886 as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml 878:899 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 14 theme human 1134:1138 arg1 plasma 1140:1145 human plasma 1134:1145 human plasma 1134:1145 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 15 from μg/ml 895:899 arg1 % 910:910 66.83% 905:910 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively 905:936 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 15 from μg/ml 895:899 arg1 % 886:886 as 66.29% 878:886 as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml 878:899 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 4 16 theme polysaccharide 487:500 arg1 weight 468:473 The molecular weight 454:473 The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE 454:524 The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE was found to be as 55 kDa. 25451755 3 17 theme elemental 396:404 arg1 composition 406:416 The elemental composition 392:416 The elemental composition 392:416 The elemental composition was analyzed using CHNS/O analyzer. 25451755 1 18 theme Sulfated 101:108 arg1 polysaccharide 110:123 Sulfated polysaccharide 101:123 Sulfated polysaccharide 101:123 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 19 theme gel 214:216 arg1 extraction 183:192 hot water extraction 173:192 hot water extraction 173:192 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 19 theme gel 214:216 arg1 chromatography 236:249 anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography 195:249 chromatography 236:249 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 4 20 theme sulfated 478:485 arg1 polysaccharide 487:500 sulfated polysaccharide 478:500 sulfated polysaccharide 478:500 The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE was found to be as 55 kDa. 25451755 8 21 theme reducing 1007:1014 arg1 power 1016:1020 reducing power 1007:1020 reducing power 1007:1020 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 2 22 theme uronic 334:339 arg1 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 6 23 theme structural 688:697 arg1 features 699:706 The structural features 684:706 The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide 684:733 The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. 25451755 1 24 theme permeation 218:227 arg1 extraction 183:192 hot water extraction 173:192 hot water extraction 173:192 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 24 theme permeation 218:227 arg1 chromatography 236:249 anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography 195:249 chromatography 236:249 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 0 25 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 8 26 from μg/ml 1044:1048 arg1 % 1035:1035 as 83.88% 1027:1035 as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml 1027:1048 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 8 26 from μg/ml 1044:1048 arg1 % 1059:1059 15.81% 1054:1059 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively 1054:1085 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 8 27 theme ABTS 979:982 arg1 ability 995:1001 ABTS scavenging ability 979:1001 ABTS scavenging ability 979:1001 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 8 28 from μg/ml 1068:1072 arg1 % 1035:1035 as 83.88% 1027:1035 as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml 1027:1048 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 8 28 from μg/ml 1068:1072 arg1 % 1059:1059 15.81% 1054:1059 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively 1054:1085 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 29 theme scavenging 853:862 arg1 activity 864:871 DPPH free radical scavenging activity 835:871 DPPH free radical scavenging activity 835:871 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 1 30 theme column 229:234 arg1 extraction 183:192 hot water extraction 173:192 hot water extraction 173:192 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 30 theme column 229:234 arg1 chromatography 236:249 anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography 195:249 chromatography 236:249 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 7 31 theme DPPH 835:838 arg1 radical 845:851 DPPH free radical 835:851 DPPH free radical scavenging activity 835:871 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 5 32 theme sulfated 592:599 arg1 polysaccharide 601:614 sulfated polysaccharide 592:614 sulfated polysaccharide 592:614 Monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and glucose. 25451755 9 33 theme Partial 1173:1179 arg1 APTT 1202:1205 APTT 1202:1205 APTT 1202:1205 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 33 theme Partial 1173:1179 arg1 Time 1196:1199 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1163:1199 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 1163:1206 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 34 theme Activated 1163:1171 arg1 APTT 1202:1205 APTT 1202:1205 APTT 1202:1205 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 34 theme Activated 1163:1171 arg1 Time 1196:1199 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time 1163:1199 Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) 1163:1206 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 10 35 theme antioxidant 1372:1382 arg1 activities 1402:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 25451755 9 36 from μg/ml 1265:1269 arg1 IU 1256:1257 1.79 IU 1251:1257 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively 1251:1282 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 36 from μg/ml 1265:1269 arg1 IU 1244:1245 20.09 IU 1238:1245 20.09 IU 1238:1245 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 37 theme total 813:817 arg1 antioxidant 819:829 total antioxidant 813:829 total antioxidant 813:829 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 38 theme Prothrombin 1212:1222 arg1 PT 1230:1231 PT 1230:1231 PT 1230:1231 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 9 38 theme Prothrombin 1212:1222 arg1 Time 1224:1227 Prothrombin Time 1212:1227 Prothrombin Time (PT) 1212:1232 The anticoagulant activity was determined for human plasma with respect to Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) was 20.09 IU and 1.79 IU at 25 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 7 39 theme free 840:843 arg1 radical 845:851 DPPH free radical 835:851 DPPH free radical scavenging activity 835:871 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 0 40 theme sulfated 49:56 arg1 polysaccharide 58:71 sulfated polysaccharide 49:71 sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum 49:98 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 10 41 theme potent 1365:1370 arg1 activities 1402:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 25451755 7 42 theme radical 845:851 arg1 activity 864:871 DPPH free radical scavenging activity 835:871 DPPH free radical scavenging activity 835:871 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 0 43 from oxyspermum 89:98 arg1 bioactivities 32:44 bioactivities 32:44 bioactivities 32:44 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 0 43 from oxyspermum 89:98 arg1 polysaccharide 58:71 sulfated polysaccharide 49:71 sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum 49:98 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 0 43 from oxyspermum 89:98 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 7 44 theme sulfated 782:789 arg1 polysaccharide 791:804 the sulfated polysaccharide 778:804 the sulfated polysaccharide 778:804 Further the sulfated polysaccharide showed total antioxidant and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were as 66.29% at 250 μg/ml and 66.83% at 160 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 1 45 theme Monostroma 143:152 arg1 oxyspermum 154:163 Monostroma oxyspermum 143:163 Monostroma oxyspermum 143:163 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 0 46 theme polysaccharide 58:71 arg1 bioactivities 32:44 bioactivities 32:44 bioactivities 32:44 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 0 46 theme polysaccharide 58:71 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 2 47 theme sulfated 256:263 arg1 polysaccharide 265:278 The sulfated polysaccharide 252:278 The sulfated polysaccharide 252:278 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 4 48 theme molecular 458:466 arg1 weight 468:473 The molecular weight 454:473 The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE 454:524 The molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through PAGE was found to be as 55 kDa. 25451755 8 49 dep showed 972:977 arg1 % 1035:1035 as 83.88% 1027:1035 as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml 1027:1048 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 8 49 dep showed 972:977 arg1 % 1059:1059 15.81% 1054:1059 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively 1054:1085 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 1 50 attach isolated 129:136 arg2 polysaccharide 110:123 Sulfated polysaccharide 101:123 Sulfated polysaccharide 101:123 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 50 attach isolated 129:136 arg1 oxyspermum 154:163 Monostroma oxyspermum 143:163 Monostroma oxyspermum 143:163 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 5 51 theme Monosaccharides 553:567 arg1 analysis 569:576 Monosaccharides analysis 553:576 Monosaccharides analysis 553:576 Monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, fructose, galactose, xylose, and glucose. 25451755 6 52 theme NMR 752:754 arg1 spectroscopy 756:767 NMR spectroscopy 752:767 NMR spectroscopy 752:767 The structural features of sulfated polysaccharide were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. 25451755 1 53 theme hot 173:175 arg1 extraction 183:192 hot water extraction 173:192 hot water extraction 173:192 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 53 theme hot 173:175 arg1 chromatography 236:249 anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography 195:249 chromatography 236:249 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 % 312:312 0% 311:312 0% of protein 311:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg1 polysaccharide 265:278 The sulfated polysaccharide 252:278 The sulfated polysaccharide 252:278 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 % 329:329 7.8% 326:329 7.8% of uronic acid 326:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 % 349:349 22% 347:349 22% of ash 347:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 % 364:364 33% 362:364 33% of moisture 362:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 54 contain contained 280:288 arg2 % 292:292 92% 290:292 92% of carbohydrate 290:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 3 55 theme CHNS/O 437:442 arg1 analyzer 444:451 CHNS/O analyzer 437:451 CHNS/O analyzer 437:451 The elemental composition was analyzed using CHNS/O analyzer. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 % 329:329 7.8% 326:329 7.8% of uronic acid 326:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 % 312:312 0% 311:312 0% of protein 311:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 % 292:292 92% 290:292 92% of carbohydrate 290:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 % 364:364 33% 362:364 33% of moisture 362:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 56 theme carbohydrate 297:308 arg1 % 349:349 22% 347:349 22% of ash 347:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 8 57 theme sulfated 943:950 arg1 polysaccharide 952:965 The sulfated polysaccharide 939:965 The sulfated polysaccharide 939:965 The sulfated polysaccharide also showed ABTS scavenging ability and reducing power were as 83.88% at 125 μg/ml and 15.81% at 400 μg/ml respectively. 25451755 1 58 theme water 177:181 arg1 extraction 183:192 hot water extraction 173:192 hot water extraction 173:192 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 1 58 theme water 177:181 arg1 chromatography 236:249 anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography 195:249 chromatography 236:249 Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from Monostroma oxyspermum through hot water extraction, anion-exchange and gel permeation column chromatography. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 moisture 369:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 % 329:329 7.8% 326:329 7.8% of uronic acid 326:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 ash 354:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 % 312:312 0% 311:312 0% of protein 311:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 % 292:292 92% 290:292 92% of carbohydrate 290:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 protein 317:323 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 acid 341:344 uronic acid 334:344 uronic acid 334:344 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 carbohydrate 297:308 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 % 364:364 33% 362:364 33% of moisture 362:376 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 2 59 theme moisture 369:376 arg1 % 349:349 22% 347:349 22% of ash 347:356 The sulfated polysaccharide contained 92% of carbohydrate, 0% of protein, 7.8% of uronic acid, 22% of ash and 33% of moisture respectively. 25451755 10 60 contain had 1361:1363 arg2 activities 1402:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities 1365:1411 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 25451755 10 60 contain had 1361:1363 arg1 polysaccharide 1327:1340 the sulfated polysaccharide 1314:1340 the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum 1314:1359 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 25451755 0 61 theme Monostroma 78:87 arg1 oxyspermum 89:98 Monostroma oxyspermum 78:98 Monostroma oxyspermum 78:98 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 0 62 from bioactivities 32:44 arg1 oxyspermum 89:98 Monostroma oxyspermum 78:98 Monostroma oxyspermum 78:98 Structural characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide from Monostroma oxyspermum. 25451755 10 63 theme sulfated 1318:1325 arg1 polysaccharide 1327:1340 the sulfated polysaccharide 1314:1340 the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum 1314:1359 These results indicated that the sulfated polysaccharide from M. oxyspermum had potent antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. 24763371 0 0 theme coastal/offshore 86:101 arg1 comparison 103:112 a coastal/offshore comparison 84:112 a coastal/offshore comparison 84:112 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 10 1 theme substrates 1526:1535 arg1 hydrolysis 1490:1499 hydrolysis 1490:1499 hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates 1490:1535 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 10 2 theme functional 1413:1422 arg1 redundancy 1424:1433 functional redundancy 1413:1433 functional redundancy 1413:1433 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 7 3 theme offshore 1006:1013 arg1 waters 1023:1028 inshore and offshore surface waters 994:1028 waters 1023:1028 The spectrum of bacterial taxa changed more subtly between inshore and offshore surface waters, but changed greatly with depth offshore. 24763371 2 4 theme substrates 369:378 arg1 rates 331:335 Hydrolysis rates 320:335 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates 320:378 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 8 5 theme major 1129:1133 arg1 OTUs 1135:1138 the 28 major OTUs 1122:1138 the 28 major OTUs defined in this study 1122:1160 None of the OTUs occurred at all sites: 27 out of the 28 major OTUs defined in this study were found either exclusively in a surface or in a mid-depth/bottom water sample. 24763371 1 6 theme particle-associated 175:193 arg1 communities 205:215 free-living and particle-associated microbial communities 159:215 free-living and particle-associated microbial communities 159:215 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 1 7 theme depth 275:279 arg1 profile 281:287 a depth profile 273:287 a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore) 273:317 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 7 8 theme inshore 994:1000 arg1 waters 1023:1028 inshore and offshore surface waters 994:1028 waters 1023:1028 The spectrum of bacterial taxa changed more subtly between inshore and offshore surface waters, but changed greatly with depth offshore. 24763371 3 9 theme same 548:551 arg1 filters 553:559 the same filters 544:559 the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates 544:592 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries were produced from the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates. 24763371 9 10 with evident 1265:1271 arg1 rRNA 1287:1290 16S rRNA 1283:1290 16S rRNA 1283:1290 This distinction was evident with both 16S rRNA and rDNA analyses. 24763371 9 10 with evident 1265:1271 arg1 analyses 1301:1308 rDNA analyses 1296:1308 rDNA analyses 1296:1308 This distinction was evident with both 16S rRNA and rDNA analyses. 24763371 9 11 theme 16S 1283:1285 arg1 rRNA 1287:1290 16S rRNA 1283:1290 16S rRNA 1283:1290 This distinction was evident with both 16S rRNA and rDNA analyses. 24763371 10 12 theme low 1345:1347 arg1 community 1349:1357 the low community overlap 1341:1365 the low community overlap 1341:1365 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 3 13 theme clone 509:513 arg1 libraries 515:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries were produced from the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates. 24763371 4 14 theme Particle-associated 595:613 arg1 communities 631:641 Particle-associated and free-living communities 595:641 Particle-associated and free-living communities 595:641 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 4 15 theme substrate 722:730 arg1 preferences 732:742 substrate preferences 722:742 substrate preferences 722:742 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 10 16 theme whole 1442:1446 arg1 level 1468:1472 the whole bacterial community level 1438:1472 the whole bacterial community level 1438:1472 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 6 17 theme surface 836:842 arg1 water 844:848 surface water 836:848 surface water 836:848 Offshore, only a subset was hydrolyzed in surface water and at depths of 146 and 505 m; just three polysaccharides were hydrolyzed at 505 m. 24763371 8 18 theme water 1230:1234 arg1 sample 1236:1241 a mid-depth/bottom water sample 1211:1241 a mid-depth/bottom water sample 1211:1241 None of the OTUs occurred at all sites: 27 out of the 28 major OTUs defined in this study were found either exclusively in a surface or in a mid-depth/bottom water sample. 24763371 1 19 theme microbial 195:203 arg1 communities 205:215 free-living and particle-associated microbial communities 159:215 free-living and particle-associated microbial communities 159:215 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 7 20 theme taxa 961:964 arg1 spectrum 939:946 The spectrum 935:946 The spectrum of bacterial taxa 935:964 The spectrum of bacterial taxa changed more subtly between inshore and offshore surface waters, but changed greatly with depth offshore. 24763371 0 21 dep comparison 103:112 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 0 21 dep comparison 103:112 arg1 function 26:33 enzymatic function 16:33 enzymatic function 16:33 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 10 22 theme offshore 1318:1325 arg1 site 1327:1330 the offshore site 1314:1330 the offshore site 1314:1330 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 1 23 theme communities 205:215 arg1 composition 144:154 composition 144:154 composition 144:154 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 1 23 theme communities 205:215 arg1 function 131:138 function 131:138 function 131:138 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 9 24 theme rDNA 1296:1299 arg1 analyses 1301:1308 rDNA analyses 1296:1308 rDNA analyses 1296:1308 This distinction was evident with both 16S rRNA and rDNA analyses. 24763371 8 25 theme OTUs 1084:1087 arg1 None 1072:1075 None 1072:1075 None of the OTUs 1072:1087 None of the OTUs occurred at all sites: 27 out of the 28 major OTUs defined in this study were found either exclusively in a surface or in a mid-depth/bottom water sample. 24763371 2 26 theme Hydrolysis 320:329 arg1 rates 331:335 Hydrolysis rates 320:335 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates 320:378 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 4 27 theme hydrolysis 701:710 arg1 rates 712:716 similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates 683:716 similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates 683:716 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 2 28 dep 0.2 μm 449:454 arg1 to 446:447 to 446:447 to 446:447 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 10 29 theme bacterial 1368:1376 arg1 communities 1378:1388 bacterial communities 1368:1388 bacterial communities 1368:1388 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 3 30 theme hydrolysis 577:586 arg1 rates 588:592 hydrolysis rates 577:592 hydrolysis rates 577:592 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries were produced from the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates. 24763371 4 31 theme enzymatic 691:699 arg1 rates 712:716 similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates 683:716 similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates 683:716 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 1 32 theme Blake 296:300 arg1 Ridge 302:306 the Blake Ridge 292:306 the Blake Ridge (offshore) 292:317 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 1 32 theme Blake 296:300 arg1 offshore 309:316 offshore 309:316 offshore 309:316 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 1 33 from profile 281:287 arg1 Ridge 302:306 the Blake Ridge 292:306 the Blake Ridge (offshore) 292:317 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 1 33 from profile 281:287 arg1 offshore 309:316 offshore 309:316 offshore 309:316 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 7 34 theme bacterial 951:959 arg1 taxa 961:964 bacterial taxa 951:964 bacterial taxa 951:964 The spectrum of bacterial taxa changed more subtly between inshore and offshore surface waters, but changed greatly with depth offshore. 24763371 10 35 theme redundancy 1424:1433 arg1 degree 1403:1408 a degree 1401:1408 a degree of functional redundancy 1401:1433 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 1 36 theme inshore 223:229 arg1 site 231:234 an inshore site 220:234 an inshore site in coastal North Carolina 220:260 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 0 37 theme enzymatic 16:24 arg1 function 26:33 enzymatic function 16:33 enzymatic function 16:33 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 8 38 located found 1167:1171 arg2 27 1112:1113 27 1112:1113 27 1112:1113 None of the OTUs occurred at all sites: 27 out of the 28 major OTUs defined in this study were found either exclusively in a surface or in a mid-depth/bottom water sample. 24763371 8 38 located found 1167:1171 arg1 surface 1197:1203 a surface 1195:1203 a surface 1195:1203 None of the OTUs occurred at all sites: 27 out of the 28 major OTUs defined in this study were found either exclusively in a surface or in a mid-depth/bottom water sample. 24763371 2 39 theme polysaccharide 354:367 arg1 substrates 369:378 six different polysaccharide substrates 340:378 six different polysaccharide substrates 340:378 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 0 40 theme particle-associated 38:56 arg1 bacteria 74:81 particle-associated and free-living bacteria 38:81 particle-associated and free-living bacteria 38:81 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 10 41 theme community 1458:1466 arg1 level 1468:1472 the whole bacterial community level 1438:1472 the whole bacterial community level 1438:1472 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 8 42 theme mid-depth/bottom 1213:1228 arg1 sample 1236:1241 a mid-depth/bottom water sample 1211:1241 a mid-depth/bottom water sample 1211:1241 None of the OTUs occurred at all sites: 27 out of the 28 major OTUs defined in this study were found either exclusively in a surface or in a mid-depth/bottom water sample. 24763371 4 43 theme similar 683:689 arg1 rates 712:716 similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates 683:716 similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates 683:716 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 10 44 theme bacterial 1448:1456 arg1 level 1468:1472 the whole bacterial community level 1438:1472 the whole bacterial community level 1438:1472 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 7 45 theme depth 1056:1060 arg1 offshore 1062:1069 depth offshore 1056:1069 depth offshore 1056:1069 The spectrum of bacterial taxa changed more subtly between inshore and offshore surface waters, but changed greatly with depth offshore. 24763371 0 46 theme free-living 62:72 arg1 bacteria 74:81 particle-associated and free-living bacteria 38:81 particle-associated and free-living bacteria 38:81 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 6 47 theme 505 m 875:879 arg1 depths 857:862 depths 857:862 depths of 146 and 505 m 857:879 Offshore, only a subset was hydrolyzed in surface water and at depths of 146 and 505 m; just three polysaccharides were hydrolyzed at 505 m. 24763371 2 48 theme different 344:352 arg1 substrates 369:378 six different polysaccharide substrates 340:378 six different polysaccharide substrates 340:378 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 2 49 theme microbial 457:465 arg1 communities 467:477 microbial communities 457:477 microbial communities 457:477 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 4 50 dep one 653:655 arg1 another 657:663 another 657:663 another 657:663 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 3 51 theme rDNA-based 498:507 arg1 libraries 515:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries were produced from the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates. 24763371 6 52 theme 146 867:869 arg1 depths 857:862 depths 857:862 depths of 146 and 505 m 857:879 Offshore, only a subset was hydrolyzed in surface water and at depths of 146 and 505 m; just three polysaccharides were hydrolyzed at 505 m. 24763371 2 53 dep particle-associated 398:416 arg1 communities 467:477 microbial communities 457:477 microbial communities 457:477 Hydrolysis rates of six different polysaccharide substrates were compared for particle-associated (>3 μm) and free-living (<3 to 0.2 μm) microbial communities. 24763371 1 54 from site 231:234 arg1 Carolina 253:260 Carolina 253:260 Carolina 253:260 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 3 55 theme 16S 484:486 arg1 libraries 515:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries were produced from the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates. 24763371 1 56 dep function 131:138 arg1 the 127:129 the 127:129 the 127:129 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 24763371 7 57 theme surface 1015:1021 arg1 waters 1023:1028 inshore and offshore surface waters 994:1028 waters 1023:1028 The spectrum of bacterial taxa changed more subtly between inshore and offshore surface waters, but changed greatly with depth offshore. 24763371 3 58 theme rRNA- 488:492 arg1 libraries 515:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries 480:523 The 16S rRNA- and rDNA-based clone libraries were produced from the same filters used to measure hydrolysis rates. 24763371 4 59 theme free-living 619:629 arg1 communities 631:641 Particle-associated and free-living communities 595:641 Particle-associated and free-living communities 595:641 Particle-associated and free-living communities resembled one another; they also showed similar enzymatic hydrolysis rates and substrate preferences. 24763371 10 60 dep community 1349:1357 arg1 overlap 1359:1365 overlap 1359:1365 overlap 1359:1365 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 10 61 theme high-molecular-weight 1504:1524 arg1 substrates 1526:1535 high-molecular-weight substrates 1504:1535 high-molecular-weight substrates 1504:1535 At the offshore site, despite the low community overlap, bacterial communities maintained a degree of functional redundancy on the whole bacterial community level with respect to hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight substrates. 24763371 0 62 theme bacteria 74:81 arg1 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition 0:10 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 0 62 theme bacteria 74:81 arg1 function 26:33 enzymatic function 16:33 enzymatic function 16:33 Composition and enzymatic function of particle-associated and free-living bacteria: a coastal/offshore comparison. 24763371 1 63 theme free-living 159:169 arg1 communities 205:215 free-living and particle-associated microbial communities 159:215 free-living and particle-associated microbial communities 159:215 We compared the function and composition of free-living and particle-associated microbial communities at an inshore site in coastal North Carolina and across a depth profile on the Blake Ridge (offshore). 25548975 0 0 theme structural 86:95 arg1 composition 97:107 structural composition 86:107 structural composition 86:107 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 6 1 theme 86.1 1193:1196 arg1 content 1184:1190 fucose content 1177:1190 fucose content (86.1%) 1177:1198 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 1 theme 86.1 1193:1196 arg1 % 1197:1197 86.1% 1193:1197 86.1% 1193:1197 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 4 2 theme acid 861:864 arg1 galactofucan 804:815 sulfated galactofucan 795:815 sulfated galactofucan (SGF) 795:821 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 2 theme acid 861:864 arg1 mixture 829:835 a mixture 827:835 a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides 827:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 2 theme acid 861:864 arg1 SGF 818:820 SGF 818:820 SGF 818:820 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 1 3 from algae 189:193 arg1 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 1 3 from algae 189:193 arg1 polysaccharides 157:171 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides 126:171 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae 126:193 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 2 4 theme high 377:380 arg1 quality 396:402 high, reproducible quality 377:402 high, reproducible quality 377:402 A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. 25548975 7 5 theme Baltic 1432:1437 arg1 Sea 1439:1441 the Baltic Sea 1428:1441 the Baltic Sea 1428:1441 Thus, S.l. from the North Atlantic harvested in autumn proved to be more appropriate for the isolation of S.l.-SP than S.l. from the Baltic Sea and S.l. harvested in spring, respectively. 25548975 6 6 theme fucose/galactose 1204:1219 arg1 7.8 1228:1230 7.8 1228:1230 7.8 1228:1230 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 6 theme fucose/galactose 1204:1219 arg1 ratio 1221:1225 fucose/galactose ratio 1204:1225 fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) 1204:1231 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 4 7 theme exchange 672:679 arg1 chromatography 681:694 anion exchange chromatography 666:694 anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations 666:730 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 3 8 from habitats 549:556 arg1 September 617:625 September 617:625 September 617:625 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 8 from habitats 549:556 arg1 June 608:611 June 608:611 June 608:611 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 6 9 theme sulfation 1159:1167 arg1 degree 1149:1154 the highest degree 1137:1154 the highest degree of sulfation 1137:1167 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 4 10 theme protein 870:876 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 889:909 protein containing heteropolysaccharides 870:909 protein containing heteropolysaccharides 870:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 2 11 dep high 377:380 arg1 reproducible 383:394 reproducible 383:394 reproducible 383:394 A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. 25548975 1 12 theme promising 264:272 arg1 candidates 274:283 promising candidates 264:283 promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications 264:332 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 0 13 theme composition 97:107 arg1 latissima--variability 53:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability 27:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity 27:123 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 7 14 theme S.l.-SP 1405:1411 arg1 isolation 1392:1400 the isolation 1388:1400 the isolation of S.l.-SP 1388:1411 Thus, S.l. from the North Atlantic harvested in autumn proved to be more appropriate for the isolation of S.l.-SP than S.l. from the Baltic Sea and S.l. harvested in spring, respectively. 25548975 5 15 dep indicated 937:945 arg1 S.l. 952:955 S.l. 952:955 S.l. 952:955 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 2 16 from availability 361:372 arg1 quality 396:402 high, reproducible quality 377:402 high, reproducible quality 377:402 A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. 25548975 5 17 theme intertidal 971:980 arg1 zone 982:985 an intertidal zone 968:985 an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%) 968:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 8 18 theme algae 1565:1569 arg1 factors 1595:1601 factors 1595:1601 factors influencing the yield as well as the composition 1595:1650 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 18 theme algae 1565:1569 arg1 bioactivity 1670:1680 the bioactivity 1666:1680 the bioactivity of their SP 1666:1692 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 18 theme algae 1565:1569 arg1 time 1551:1554 habitat and harvest time 1531:1554 habitat and harvest time of brown algae 1531:1569 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 19 theme habitat 1531:1537 arg1 factors 1595:1601 factors 1595:1601 factors influencing the yield as well as the composition 1595:1650 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 19 theme habitat 1531:1537 arg1 bioactivity 1670:1680 the bioactivity 1666:1680 the bioactivity of their SP 1666:1692 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 19 theme habitat 1531:1537 arg1 time 1551:1554 habitat and harvest time 1531:1554 habitat and harvest time of brown algae 1531:1569 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 1 20 theme brown 183:187 arg1 algae 189:193 brown algae 183:193 brown algae 183:193 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 0 21 theme bioactivity 113:123 arg1 latissima--variability 53:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability 27:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity 27:123 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 3 22 theme present 420:426 arg1 study 428:432 the present study 416:432 the present study 416:432 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 23 theme marine 542:547 arg1 habitats 549:556 two marine habitats 538:556 two marine habitats 538:556 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 23 theme marine 542:547 arg1 Ocean 593:597 North Atlantic Ocean 578:597 North Atlantic Ocean 578:597 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 23 theme marine 542:547 arg1 Sea 570:572 the Baltic Sea 559:572 the Baltic Sea 559:572 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 8 24 theme brown 1559:1563 arg1 algae 1565:1569 brown algae 1559:1569 brown algae 1559:1569 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 2 25 theme critical 337:344 arg1 issue 346:350 A critical issue 335:350 A critical issue 335:350 A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. 25548975 2 25 theme critical 337:344 arg1 availability 361:372 their availability 355:372 their availability in high, reproducible quality 355:402 A critical issue is their availability in high, reproducible quality. 25548975 4 26 theme S.l.-SP 655:661 arg1 fractionation 632:644 The fractionation 628:644 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations 628:730 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 27 dep low-sulfated 840:851 arg1 uronic 854:859 uronic 854:859 uronic 854:859 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 28 theme low-sulfated 840:851 arg1 acid 861:864 low-sulfated, uronic acid 840:864 low-sulfated, uronic acid 840:864 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 29 theme crude 649:653 arg1 S.l.-SP 655:661 crude S.l.-SP 649:661 crude S.l.-SP 649:661 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 1 30 theme health-supporting 289:305 arg1 applications 321:332 health-supporting and medicinal applications 289:332 health-supporting and medicinal applications 289:332 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 8 31 theme SP 1691:1692 arg1 time 1551:1554 habitat and harvest time 1531:1554 habitat and harvest time of brown algae 1531:1569 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 31 theme SP 1691:1692 arg1 bioactivity 1670:1680 the bioactivity 1666:1680 the bioactivity of their SP 1666:1692 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 31 theme SP 1691:1692 arg1 factors 1595:1601 factors 1595:1601 factors influencing the yield as well as the composition 1595:1650 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 5 32 with S.l.-SP 1080:1086 arg1 SGF 1093:1095 SGF 1093:1095 SGF 1093:1095 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 1 33 theme wide 205:208 arg1 range 210:214 a wide range 203:214 a wide range of bioactivities 203:231 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 6 34 theme highest 1141:1147 arg1 degree 1149:1154 the highest degree 1137:1154 the highest degree of sulfation 1137:1167 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 5 35 theme highest 1063:1069 arg1 yield 1071:1075 the highest yield 1059:1075 the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF 1059:1095 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 5 35 theme highest 1063:1069 arg1 fraction 1109:1116 the main fraction 1100:1116 the main fraction (67%) 1100:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 3 36 theme Baltic 563:568 arg1 habitats 549:556 two marine habitats 538:556 two marine habitats 538:556 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 36 theme Baltic 563:568 arg1 Sea 570:572 the Baltic Sea 559:572 the Baltic Sea 559:572 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 0 37 theme alga 37:40 arg1 latissima--variability 53:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability 27:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity 27:123 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 1 38 theme medicinal 311:319 arg1 applications 321:332 health-supporting and medicinal applications 289:332 health-supporting and medicinal applications 289:332 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 6 39 theme fucose 1177:1182 arg1 content 1184:1190 fucose content 1177:1190 fucose content (86.1%) 1177:1198 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 39 theme fucose 1177:1182 arg1 % 1197:1197 86.1% 1193:1197 86.1% 1193:1197 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 7 40 theme North 1319:1323 arg1 Atlantic 1325:1332 the North Atlantic 1315:1332 the North Atlantic harvested in autumn 1315:1352 Thus, S.l. from the North Atlantic harvested in autumn proved to be more appropriate for the isolation of S.l.-SP than S.l. from the Baltic Sea and S.l. harvested in spring, respectively. 25548975 0 41 theme brown 31:35 arg1 latissima--variability 53:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability 27:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity 27:123 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 3 42 theme study 428:432 arg1 aim 409:411 The aim 405:411 The aim of the present study 405:432 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 1 43 theme bioactivities 219:231 arg1 range 210:214 a wide range 203:214 a wide range of bioactivities 203:231 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 4 44 theme heteropolysaccharides 889:909 arg1 galactofucan 804:815 sulfated galactofucan 795:815 sulfated galactofucan (SGF) 795:821 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 44 theme heteropolysaccharides 889:909 arg1 mixture 829:835 a mixture 827:835 a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides 827:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 44 theme heteropolysaccharides 889:909 arg1 SGF 818:820 SGF 818:820 SGF 818:820 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 5 45 theme S.l.-SP 1080:1086 arg1 yield 1071:1075 the highest yield 1059:1075 the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF 1059:1095 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 5 45 theme S.l.-SP 1080:1086 arg1 fraction 1109:1116 the main fraction 1100:1116 the main fraction (67%) 1100:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 3 46 theme North 578:582 arg1 Ocean 593:597 North Atlantic Ocean 578:597 North Atlantic Ocean 578:597 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 46 theme North 578:582 arg1 habitats 549:556 two marine habitats 538:556 two marine habitats 538:556 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 4 47 theme analytical 706:715 arg1 investigations 717:730 analytical investigations 706:730 analytical investigations 706:730 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 0 48 theme Saccharina 42:51 arg1 latissima--variability 53:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability 27:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity 27:123 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 4 49 theme mixture 829:835 arg1 fraction 783:790 a homogeneous fraction 769:790 a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides 769:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 50 theme containing 878:887 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 889:909 protein containing heteropolysaccharides 870:909 protein containing heteropolysaccharides 870:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 5 51 theme growing 1034:1040 arg1 period 1042:1047 the growing period 1030:1047 the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%) 1030:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 3 52 theme Atlantic 584:591 arg1 Ocean 593:597 North Atlantic Ocean 578:597 North Atlantic Ocean 578:597 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 52 theme Atlantic 584:591 arg1 habitats 549:556 two marine habitats 538:556 two marine habitats 538:556 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 1 53 theme fucose-containing 130:146 arg1 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 1 53 theme fucose-containing 130:146 arg1 polysaccharides 157:171 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides 126:171 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae 126:193 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 6 54 dep inhibition 1269:1278 arg1 e.g. 1254:1257 e.g. 1254:1257 e.g. 1254:1257 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 54 dep inhibition 1269:1278 arg1 μg/mL 1291:1295 IC50 0.21 μg/mL 1281:1295 IC50 0.21 μg/mL 1281:1295 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 55 theme IC50 1281:1284 arg1 μg/mL 1291:1295 IC50 0.21 μg/mL 1281:1295 IC50 0.21 μg/mL 1281:1295 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 5 56 theme period 1042:1047 arg1 end 1023:1025 the end 1019:1025 the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%) 1019:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 4 57 theme sulfated 795:802 arg1 galactofucan 804:815 sulfated galactofucan 795:815 sulfated galactofucan (SGF) 795:821 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 4 57 theme sulfated 795:802 arg1 SGF 818:820 SGF 818:820 SGF 818:820 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 1 58 theme sulfated 148:155 arg1 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 SP 174:175 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 1 58 theme sulfated 148:155 arg1 polysaccharides 157:171 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides 126:171 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae 126:193 The fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from brown algae exhibit a wide range of bioactivities and are, therefore, considered promising candidates for health-supporting and medicinal applications. 25548975 4 59 theme homogeneous 771:781 arg1 fraction 783:790 a homogeneous fraction 769:790 a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides 769:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 5 60 with zone 982:985 arg1 salinity 997:1004 high salinity 992:1004 high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%) 992:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 3 61 theme Saccharina 492:501 arg1 latissima 503:511 Saccharina latissima 492:511 Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September 492:625 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 3 61 theme Saccharina 492:501 arg1 S.l.-SP 514:520 S.l.-SP 514:520 S.l.-SP 514:520 The aim of the present study was to fractionate and characterize the SP extracted from Saccharina latissima (S.l.-SP) harvested from two marine habitats, the Baltic Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, in May, June and September. 25548975 6 62 dep active 1246:1251 arg1 inhibition 1269:1278 elastase inhibition 1260:1278 elastase inhibition 1260:1278 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 63 contain had 1133:1135 arg1 SGF 1129:1131 Its SGF 1125:1131 Its SGF 1125:1131 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 63 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 ratio 1221:1225 fucose/galactose ratio 1204:1225 fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) 1204:1231 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 63 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 degree 1149:1154 the highest degree 1137:1154 the highest degree of sulfation 1137:1167 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 63 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 content 1184:1190 fucose content 1177:1190 fucose content (86.1%) 1177:1198 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 63 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 % 1197:1197 86.1% 1193:1197 86.1% 1193:1197 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 6 63 contain had 1133:1135 arg2 7.8 1228:1230 7.8 1228:1230 7.8 1228:1230 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 0 64 theme yield 79:83 arg1 latissima--variability 53:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability 27:74 the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity 27:123 Sulfated galactofucan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima--variability of yield, structural composition and bioactivity. 25548975 6 65 dep had 1133:1135 arg1 0.81 1170:1173 0.81 1170:1173 0.81 1170:1173 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 25548975 4 66 theme anion 666:670 arg1 chromatography 681:694 anion exchange chromatography 666:694 anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations 666:730 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 5 67 theme high 992:995 arg1 salinity 997:1004 high salinity 992:1004 high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%) 992:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 5 68 theme main 1104:1107 arg1 fraction 1109:1116 the main fraction 1100:1116 the main fraction (67%) 1100:1122 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 5 68 theme main 1104:1107 arg1 % 1121:1121 67% 1119:1121 67% 1119:1121 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 5 68 theme main 1104:1107 arg1 yield 1071:1075 the highest yield 1059:1075 the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF 1059:1095 Furthermore, the results indicated that S.l. growing at an intertidal zone with high salinity harvested at the end of the growing period delivered the highest yield of S.l.-SP with SGF as the main fraction (67%). 25548975 4 69 theme galactofucan 804:815 arg1 fraction 783:790 a homogeneous fraction 769:790 a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides 769:909 The fractionation of crude S.l.-SP by anion exchange chromatography including analytical investigations revealed that S.l.-SP is composed of a homogeneous fraction of sulfated galactofucan (SGF) and a mixture of low-sulfated, uronic acid and protein containing heteropolysaccharides. 25548975 8 70 theme harvest 1543:1549 arg1 factors 1595:1601 factors 1595:1601 factors influencing the yield as well as the composition 1595:1650 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 70 theme harvest 1543:1549 arg1 bioactivity 1670:1680 the bioactivity 1666:1680 the bioactivity of their SP 1666:1692 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 8 70 theme harvest 1543:1549 arg1 time 1551:1554 habitat and harvest time 1531:1554 habitat and harvest time of brown algae 1531:1569 In conclusion, this study demonstrated that habitat and harvest time of brown algae should be considered as factors influencing the yield as well as the composition and thus also the bioactivity of their SP. 25548975 6 71 theme elastase 1260:1267 arg1 inhibition 1269:1278 elastase inhibition 1260:1278 elastase inhibition 1260:1278 Its SGF had the highest degree of sulfation (0.81), fucose content (86.1%) and fucose/galactose ratio (7.8) and was most active (e.g., elastase inhibition: IC50 0.21 μg/mL). 28867232 14 0 theme Obtained 1746:1753 arg1 materials 1755:1763 Obtained materials 1746:1763 Obtained materials 1746:1763 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 2 1 with materials 394:402 arg1 biocompatibility 449:464 biocompatibility 449:464 biocompatibility 449:464 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 2 1 with materials 394:402 arg1 properties 434:443 improved physicochemical properties 409:443 improved physicochemical properties 409:443 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 13 2 theme cells 1667:1671 arg1 proliferation 1644:1656 proliferation 1644:1656 proliferation of these cells 1644:1671 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 12 3 theme SEM 1446:1448 arg1 images 1450:1455 SEM images 1446:1455 SEM images 1446:1455 SEM images showed that the precipitation was homogeneously carried in the whole volume of samples. 28867232 1 4 theme tissue 258:263 arg1 engineering 265:275 tissue engineering 258:275 tissue engineering 258:275 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 9 5 theme acid 1287:1290 arg1 addition 1252:1259 the addition 1248:1259 the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid 1248:1290 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 13 6 theme calcium 1727:1733 arg1 phosphate 1735:1743 precipitated calcium phosphate 1714:1743 precipitated calcium phosphate 1714:1743 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 5 7 dep scaffolds 730:738 arg1 scaffolds 730:738 scaffolds porosity and density 730:759 scaffolds porosity and density 730:759 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 5 7 dep scaffolds 730:738 arg1 density 753:759 density 753:759 density 753:759 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 5 7 dep scaffolds 730:738 arg1 porosity 740:747 porosity 740:747 porosity 740:747 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 8 8 theme human 1081:1085 arg1 cells 1107:1111 human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells 1081:1111 human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells 1081:1111 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 2 9 from particles 355:363 arg1 blend 372:376 the blend 368:376 the blend 368:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 2 10 theme biopolymers 312:322 arg1 incorporation 328:340 incorporation 328:340 incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend 328:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 2 10 theme biopolymers 312:322 arg1 Blending 290:297 Blending 290:297 Blending of different biopolymers 290:322 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 9 11 dep % 1274:1274 arg1 5 1273:1273 5 1273:1273 5 1273:1273 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 9 11 dep % 1274:1274 arg1 2 1267:1267 2 1267:1267 2 1267:1267 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 2 12 theme inorganic 345:353 arg1 particles 355:363 inorganic particles 345:363 inorganic particles in the blend 345:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 0 13 from precipitation 54:66 arg1 acid 100:103 chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 71:103 chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 71:103 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 13 14 theme unmodified 1621:1630 arg1 control 1632:1638 unmodified control 1621:1638 unmodified control 1621:1638 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 2 15 from blend 372:376 arg1 incorporation 328:340 incorporation 328:340 incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend 328:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 2 15 from blend 372:376 arg1 Blending 290:297 Blending 290:297 Blending of different biopolymers 290:322 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 2 16 theme different 302:310 arg1 biopolymers 312:322 different biopolymers 302:322 different biopolymers 302:322 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 8 17 dep adhesion 1051:1058 arg1 the 1047:1049 the 1047:1049 the 1047:1049 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 10 18 theme Mechanical 1293:1302 arg1 parameters 1304:1313 Mechanical parameters 1293:1313 Mechanical parameters 1293:1313 Mechanical parameters, thermal stability and porosity of scaffolds were improved. 28867232 5 19 theme thermal 785:791 arg1 swelling 720:727 swelling 720:727 swelling 720:727 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 5 19 theme thermal 785:791 arg1 stability 793:801 thermal stability 785:801 thermal stability 785:801 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 10 20 theme thermal 1316:1322 arg1 stability 1324:1332 thermal stability 1316:1332 thermal stability 1316:1332 Mechanical parameters, thermal stability and porosity of scaffolds were improved. 28867232 8 21 theme SaOS-2 1100:1105 arg1 cells 1107:1111 human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells 1081:1111 human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells 1081:1111 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 1 22 theme due 221:223 arg1 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication 137:157 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 1 22 theme due 221:223 arg1 field 215:219 a rising field 206:219 a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application 206:287 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 7 23 theme SEM 912:914 arg1 images 916:921 SEM images 912:921 SEM images 912:921 SEM images were taken and EDX analysis was carried out for calcium and phosphorous content determination in the scaffold. 28867232 2 24 theme physicochemical 418:432 arg1 properties 434:443 improved physicochemical properties 409:443 improved physicochemical properties 409:443 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 14 25 from medicine 1835:1842 arg1 useful 1789:1794 useful 1789:1794 useful 1789:1794 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 8 26 theme osteosarcoma 1087:1098 arg1 cells 1107:1111 human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells 1081:1111 human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells 1081:1111 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 14 27 theme tissue 1799:1804 arg1 engineering 1806:1816 tissue engineering 1799:1816 tissue engineering 1799:1816 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 2 28 theme improved 409:416 arg1 properties 434:443 improved physicochemical properties 409:443 improved physicochemical properties 409:443 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 0 29 theme composite 4:12 arg1 materials 14:22 New composite materials 0:22 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 0:103 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 13 30 theme precipitated 1714:1725 arg1 phosphate 1735:1743 precipitated calcium phosphate 1714:1743 precipitated calcium phosphate 1714:1743 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 0 31 dep sponge 105:110 arg1 cross-linked 112:123 cross-linked 112:123 sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS 105:134 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 3 32 theme hyaluronic 550:559 arg1 acid 561:564 hyaluronic acid 550:564 hyaluronic acid 550:564 In this work 3D porous structures called scaffolds based on chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 28867232 0 33 theme New 0:2 arg1 materials 14:22 New composite materials 0:22 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 0:103 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 8 34 theme cells 1107:1111 arg1 proliferation 1064:1076 proliferation 1064:1076 proliferation 1064:1076 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 8 34 theme cells 1107:1111 arg1 adhesion 1051:1058 adhesion 1051:1058 adhesion 1051:1058 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 13 35 attach Attachment 1545:1554 arg1 materials 1588:1596 all modified materials 1575:1596 all modified materials 1575:1596 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 13 35 attach Attachment 1545:1554 arg2 cells 1566:1570 SaOS-2 cells 1559:1570 SaOS-2 cells 1559:1570 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 1 36 theme rising 208:213 arg1 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication 137:157 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 1 36 theme rising 208:213 arg1 field 215:219 a rising field 206:219 a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application 206:287 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 8 37 theme obtained 1129:1136 arg1 scaffolds 1138:1146 obtained scaffolds 1129:1146 obtained scaffolds 1129:1146 In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells was examined on obtained scaffolds. 28867232 7 38 theme phosphorous 983:993 arg1 determination 1003:1015 phosphorous content determination 983:1015 phosphorous content determination 983:1015 SEM images were taken and EDX analysis was carried out for calcium and phosphorous content determination in the scaffold. 28867232 9 39 dep acid 1287:1290 arg1 % 1274:1274 % 1274:1274 % 1274:1274 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 7 40 theme content 995:1001 arg1 determination 1003:1015 phosphorous content determination 983:1015 phosphorous content determination 983:1015 SEM images were taken and EDX analysis was carried out for calcium and phosphorous content determination in the scaffold. 28867232 3 41 theme lyophilization 592:605 arg1 process 607:613 the lyophilization process 588:613 the lyophilization process 588:613 In this work 3D porous structures called scaffolds based on chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 28867232 6 42 used used 846:849 arg2 matrixes 854:861 matrixes 854:861 matrixes 854:861 Moreover, the scaffolds were used as matrixes for the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation. 28867232 6 42 used used 846:849 arg2 scaffolds 831:839 the scaffolds 827:839 the scaffolds 827:839 Moreover, the scaffolds were used as matrixes for the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation. 28867232 14 43 theme useful 1789:1794 arg1 support 1781:1787 the support 1777:1787 the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 1777:1842 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 6 44 dep in 889:890 arg1 situ 892:895 situ 892:895 situ 892:895 Moreover, the scaffolds were used as matrixes for the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation. 28867232 1 45 dep repair 247:252 arg1 application 277:287 application 277:287 application 277:287 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 2 46 theme new 390:392 arg1 materials 394:402 new materials 390:402 new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility 390:464 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 0 47 theme calcium 36:42 arg1 precipitation 54:66 calcium phosphate precipitation 36:66 calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 36:103 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 12 48 theme whole 1520:1524 arg1 volume 1526:1531 the whole volume 1516:1531 the whole volume of samples 1516:1542 SEM images showed that the precipitation was homogeneously carried in the whole volume of samples. 28867232 13 49 theme cells 1566:1570 arg1 Attachment 1545:1554 Attachment 1545:1554 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials 1545:1596 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 3 50 theme porous 483:488 arg1 structures 490:499 3D porous structures 480:499 3D porous structures called scaffolds based on chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 480:564 In this work 3D porous structures called scaffolds based on chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 28867232 5 51 theme mechanical 762:771 arg1 parameters 773:782 mechanical parameters 762:782 mechanical parameters 762:782 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 5 51 theme mechanical 762:771 arg1 swelling 720:727 swelling 720:727 swelling 720:727 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 12 52 theme samples 1536:1542 arg1 volume 1526:1531 the whole volume 1516:1531 the whole volume of samples 1516:1542 SEM images showed that the precipitation was homogeneously carried in the whole volume of samples. 28867232 5 53 theme swelling 720:727 arg1 percentage 706:715 the percentage 702:715 the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability 702:801 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 1 54 theme Nowadays 137:144 arg1 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication 137:157 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 1 54 theme Nowadays 137:144 arg1 field 215:219 a rising field 206:219 a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application 206:287 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 0 55 theme phosphate 44:52 arg1 precipitation 54:66 calcium phosphate precipitation 36:66 calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 36:103 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 14 56 theme regenerative 1822:1833 arg1 medicine 1835:1842 regenerative medicine 1822:1842 regenerative medicine 1822:1842 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 14 57 from engineering 1806:1816 arg1 useful 1789:1794 useful 1789:1794 useful 1789:1794 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 6 58 theme in 889:890 arg1 precipitation 897:909 the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation 867:909 the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation 867:909 Moreover, the scaffolds were used as matrixes for the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation. 28867232 9 59 theme hyaluronic 1276:1285 arg1 acid 1287:1290 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid 1264:1290 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid 1264:1290 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 6 60 theme phosphate 879:887 arg1 precipitation 897:909 the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation 867:909 the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation 867:909 Moreover, the scaffolds were used as matrixes for the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation. 28867232 5 61 theme Infrared 656:663 arg1 spectra 665:671 Infrared spectra 656:671 Infrared spectra for the materials 656:689 Infrared spectra for the materials were made, the percentage of swelling, scaffolds porosity and density, mechanical parameters, thermal stability were studied. 28867232 13 62 with scaffolds 1699:1707 arg1 phosphate 1735:1743 precipitated calcium phosphate 1714:1743 precipitated calcium phosphate 1714:1743 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 2 63 from Blending 290:297 arg1 blend 372:376 the blend 368:376 the blend 368:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 13 64 theme modified 1579:1586 arg1 materials 1588:1596 all modified materials 1575:1596 all modified materials 1575:1596 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 10 65 theme scaffolds 1350:1358 arg1 porosity 1338:1345 porosity 1338:1345 porosity of scaffolds 1338:1358 Mechanical parameters, thermal stability and porosity of scaffolds were improved. 28867232 10 65 theme scaffolds 1350:1358 arg1 parameters 1304:1313 Mechanical parameters 1293:1313 Mechanical parameters 1293:1313 Mechanical parameters, thermal stability and porosity of scaffolds were improved. 28867232 10 65 theme scaffolds 1350:1358 arg1 stability 1324:1332 thermal stability 1316:1332 thermal stability 1316:1332 Mechanical parameters, thermal stability and porosity of scaffolds were improved. 28867232 6 66 theme calcium 871:877 arg1 precipitation 897:909 the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation 867:909 the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation 867:909 Moreover, the scaffolds were used as matrixes for the calcium phosphate in situ precipitation. 28867232 11 67 located found 1414:1418 arg1 kind 1428:1431 each kind 1423:1431 each kind of scaffold 1423:1443 Moreover, calcium and phosphorous were found in each kind of scaffold. 28867232 11 67 located found 1414:1418 arg2 calcium 1385:1391 calcium 1385:1391 calcium 1385:1391 Moreover, calcium and phosphorous were found in each kind of scaffold. 28867232 11 67 located found 1414:1418 arg2 phosphorous 1397:1407 phosphorous 1397:1407 phosphorous 1397:1407 Moreover, calcium and phosphorous were found in each kind of scaffold. 28867232 9 68 theme 3D 1191:1192 arg1 composites 1194:1203 3D composites 1191:1203 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS 1191:1227 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 2 69 theme particles 355:363 arg1 incorporation 328:340 incorporation 328:340 incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend 328:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 2 69 theme particles 355:363 arg1 Blending 290:297 Blending 290:297 Blending of different biopolymers 290:322 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 7 70 theme EDX 938:940 arg1 analysis 942:949 EDX analysis 938:949 EDX analysis 938:949 SEM images were taken and EDX analysis was carried out for calcium and phosphorous content determination in the scaffold. 28867232 1 71 theme bone 242:245 arg1 repair 247:252 bone repair 242:252 bone repair 242:252 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 0 72 theme chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic 71:98 arg1 acid 100:103 chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 71:103 chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid 71:103 New composite materials prepared by calcium phosphate precipitation in chitosan/collagen/hyaluronic acid sponge cross-linked by EDC/NHS. 28867232 9 73 theme composites 1194:1203 arg1 properties 1177:1186 the properties 1173:1186 the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS 1173:1227 The results showed that the properties of 3D composites cross-linked by EDC/NHS were altered after the addition of 1, 2 and 5% hyaluronic acid. 28867232 1 74 theme composite 162:170 arg1 materials 172:180 composite materials 162:180 composite materials based on biopolymers 162:201 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 3 75 theme 3D 480:481 arg1 structures 490:499 3D porous structures 480:499 3D porous structures called scaffolds based on chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid 480:564 In this work 3D porous structures called scaffolds based on chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. 28867232 14 76 from useful 1789:1794 arg1 medicine 1835:1842 regenerative medicine 1822:1842 regenerative medicine 1822:1842 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 14 76 from useful 1789:1794 arg1 engineering 1806:1816 tissue engineering 1799:1816 tissue engineering 1799:1816 Obtained materials can provide the support useful in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 28867232 13 77 theme SaOS-2 1559:1564 arg1 cells 1566:1570 SaOS-2 cells 1559:1570 SaOS-2 cells 1559:1570 Attachment of SaOS-2 cells to all modified materials was better compared to unmodified control and proliferation of these cells was markedly increased on scaffolds with precipitated calcium phosphate. 28867232 1 78 theme materials 172:180 arg1 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication 137:157 fabrication 147:157 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 1 78 theme materials 172:180 arg1 field 215:219 a rising field 206:219 a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application 206:287 Nowadays, fabrication of composite materials based on biopolymers is a rising field due to potential for bone repair and tissue engineering application. 28867232 2 79 from incorporation 328:340 arg1 blend 372:376 the blend 368:376 the blend 368:376 Blending of different biopolymers and incorporation of inorganic particles in the blend can lead to new materials with improved physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. 28867232 11 80 theme scaffold 1436:1443 arg1 kind 1428:1431 each kind 1423:1431 each kind of scaffold 1423:1443 Moreover, calcium and phosphorous were found in each kind of scaffold. 28906544 1 0 theme flow 325:328 arg1 system 355:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 6 1 theme HSY 954:956 arg1 effect 917:922 the hypoglycemic effect 900:922 the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 900:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 1 2 theme ultrafiltration 330:344 arg1 system 355:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 6 3 theme metabolism 841:850 arg1 mice 861:864 metabolism diabetic mice 841:864 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 3 4 dep 50 561:562 arg1 to 558:559 to 558:559 to 558:559 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: HSY-I (>50 kDa), HSY-II (10 to 50 kDa), HSY-III (<10 kDa). 28906544 1 5 theme boiled 234:239 arg1 extraction 247:256 boiled water extraction 234:256 boiled water extraction 234:256 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 1 6 theme membrane 346:353 arg1 system 355:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 8 7 from tuber 1195:1199 arg1 polysaccharides 1162:1176 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides 1134:1176 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber 1134:1199 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber were isolated in this study. 28906544 6 8 theme glucose/lipid 827:839 arg1 model 866:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 1 9 theme water 241:245 arg1 extraction 247:256 boiled water extraction 234:256 boiled water extraction 234:256 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 0 10 theme Different 82:90 arg1 Structure 92:100 Different Structure 82:100 Different Structure 82:100 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 6 11 theme different 927:935 arg1 concentration 937:949 different concentration 927:949 different concentration 927:949 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 12 theme resistance 816:825 arg1 model 866:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 10 13 theme plant 1358:1362 arg1 benefits 1341:1348 the benefits 1337:1348 the benefits of this plant 1337:1362 The result clearly identified the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food. 28906544 10 13 theme plant 1358:1362 arg1 food 1388:1391 a healthy functional food 1367:1391 a healthy functional food 1367:1391 The result clearly identified the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food. 28906544 1 14 theme extraction 247:256 arg1 methods 223:229 the methods 219:229 the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 219:360 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 0 15 theme Molecular 106:114 arg1 Weight 116:121 Molecular Weight 106:121 Molecular Weight 106:121 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 3 16 theme different 488:496 arg1 weight 508:513 different molecular weight 488:513 different molecular weight 488:513 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: HSY-I (>50 kDa), HSY-II (10 to 50 kDa), HSY-III (<10 kDa). 28906544 4 17 theme bond 623:626 arg1 composition 634:644 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition 589:644 composition 634:644 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition were analyzed with GC and Smith degradation. 28906544 6 18 theme Dexamethasone-induced 786:806 arg1 resistance 816:825 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance 786:825 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 3 19 theme type 460:463 arg1 polysaccharides 469:483 Three type yam polysaccharides 454:483 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight 454:513 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: HSY-I (>50 kDa), HSY-II (10 to 50 kDa), HSY-III (<10 kDa). 28906544 6 20 theme hypoglycemic 904:915 arg1 effect 917:922 the hypoglycemic effect 900:922 the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 900:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 7 21 theme hypoglycemic 1113:1124 arg1 effect 1126:1131 hypoglycemic effect 1113:1131 hypoglycemic effect 1113:1131 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 1 22 dep polysaccharides 146:160 arg1 namely 163:168 namely 163:168 namely 163:168 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 0 23 theme Hypoglycemic 0:11 arg1 Effect 13:18 Hypoglycemic Effect 0:18 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam 0:33 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 9 24 theme hypoglycemic 1270:1281 arg1 effects 1283:1289 hypoglycemic effects 1270:1289 hypoglycemic effects 1270:1289 Their structures were characterized and hypoglycemic effects were evaluated. 28906544 0 25 dep Polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 Dioscorea 36:44 Dioscorea 36:44 Dioscorea 36:44 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 10 26 theme functional 1377:1386 arg1 food 1388:1391 a healthy functional food 1367:1391 a healthy functional food 1367:1391 The result clearly identified the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food. 28906544 10 26 theme functional 1377:1386 arg1 benefits 1341:1348 the benefits 1337:1348 the benefits of this plant 1337:1362 The result clearly identified the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food. 28906544 4 27 theme links 628:632 arg1 composition 634:644 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition 589:644 composition 634:644 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition were analyzed with GC and Smith degradation. 28906544 0 28 theme Chinese 23:29 arg1 Yam 31:33 Chinese Yam 23:33 Chinese Yam 23:33 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 1 29 theme stepwise 262:269 arg1 precipitation 281:293 stepwise ethanolic precipitation 262:293 stepwise ethanolic precipitation 262:293 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 6 30 theme insulin 808:814 arg1 resistance 816:825 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance 786:825 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 10 31 theme healthy 1369:1375 arg1 food 1388:1391 a healthy functional food 1367:1391 a healthy functional food 1367:1391 The result clearly identified the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food. 28906544 10 31 theme healthy 1369:1375 arg1 benefits 1341:1348 the benefits 1337:1348 the benefits of this plant 1337:1362 The result clearly identified the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food. 28906544 2 32 theme permeation 427:436 arg1 chromatography 438:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 Their molecular weights were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 28906544 1 33 theme ethanolic 271:279 arg1 precipitation 281:293 stepwise ethanolic precipitation 262:293 stepwise ethanolic precipitation 262:293 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 2 34 theme molecular 369:377 arg1 weights 379:385 Their molecular weights 363:385 Their molecular weights 363:385 Their molecular weights were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 28906544 7 35 contain had 1109:1111 arg1 mixture 1083:1089 the HSY polysaccharide mixture 1060:1089 the HSY polysaccharide mixture 1060:1089 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 7 35 contain had 1109:1111 arg1 HSY-II 1102:1107 HSY-II 1102:1107 HSY-II 1102:1107 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 7 35 contain had 1109:1111 arg1 HSY-I 1092:1096 HSY-I 1092:1096 HSY-I 1092:1096 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 7 35 contain had 1109:1111 arg2 effect 1126:1131 hypoglycemic effect 1113:1131 hypoglycemic effect 1113:1131 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 2 36 theme gel 423:425 arg1 chromatography 438:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 Their molecular weights were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 28906544 5 37 theme infrared 758:765 arg1 spectrophotometry 767:783 infrared spectrophotometry 758:783 infrared spectrophotometry 758:783 The structure characteristics were further discussed combined with infrared spectrophotometry. 28906544 1 38 theme precipitation 281:293 arg1 methods 223:229 the methods 219:229 the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 219:360 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 8 39 theme PRACTICAL 1134:1142 arg1 polysaccharides 1162:1176 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides 1134:1176 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber 1134:1199 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber were isolated in this study. 28906544 0 40 from Polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 Structure 92:100 Different Structure 82:100 Different Structure 82:100 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 0 40 from Polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 Weight 116:121 Molecular Weight 106:121 Molecular Weight 106:121 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 2 41 theme performance 411:421 arg1 chromatography 438:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 Their molecular weights were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 28906544 0 42 theme Yam 31:33 arg1 Effect 13:18 Hypoglycemic Effect 0:18 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam 0:33 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 6 43 theme polysaccharide 990:1003 arg1 weights 982:988 different molecular weights 962:988 different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 962:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 43 theme polysaccharide 990:1003 arg1 HSY-I 1005:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 0 44 dep Dioscorea 36:44 arg1 rhizoma 55:61 Dioscorea opposita rhizoma 36:61 Dioscorea opposita rhizoma 36:61 Hypoglycemic Effect of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita rhizoma) Polysaccharide in Different Structure and Molecular Weight. 28906544 2 45 theme high 406:409 arg1 chromatography 438:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 high performance gel permeation chromatography 406:451 Their molecular weights were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography. 28906544 6 46 theme weights 982:988 arg1 effect 917:922 the hypoglycemic effect 900:922 the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 900:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 47 dep weights 982:988 arg1 weights 982:988 different molecular weights 962:988 different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 962:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 47 dep weights 982:988 arg1 HSY-II 1012:1017 HSY-II 1012:1017 HSY-II 1012:1017 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 47 dep weights 982:988 arg1 HSY-III 1024:1030 HSY-III 1024:1030 HSY-III 1024:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 47 dep weights 982:988 arg1 HSY-I 1005:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 1 48 dep namely 163:168 arg1 huaishanyao 175:185 huaishanyao 175:185 huaishanyao 175:185 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 3 49 from polysaccharides 469:483 arg1 weight 508:513 different molecular weight 488:513 different molecular weight 488:513 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: HSY-I (>50 kDa), HSY-II (10 to 50 kDa), HSY-III (<10 kDa). 28906544 4 50 theme Smith 672:676 arg1 degradation 678:688 Smith degradation 672:688 Smith degradation 672:688 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition were analyzed with GC and Smith degradation. 28906544 6 51 theme concentration 937:949 arg1 effect 917:922 the hypoglycemic effect 900:922 the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 900:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 52 theme molecular 972:980 arg1 weights 982:988 different molecular weights 962:988 different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 962:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 52 theme molecular 972:980 arg1 HSY-II 1012:1017 HSY-II 1012:1017 HSY-II 1012:1017 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 52 theme molecular 972:980 arg1 HSY-III 1024:1030 HSY-III 1024:1030 HSY-III 1024:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 52 theme molecular 972:980 arg1 HSY-I 1005:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 8 53 theme APPLICATION 1144:1154 arg1 polysaccharides 1162:1176 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides 1134:1176 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber 1134:1199 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber were isolated in this study. 28906544 6 54 theme different 962:970 arg1 weights 982:988 different molecular weights 962:988 different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III 962:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 54 theme different 962:970 arg1 HSY-II 1012:1017 HSY-II 1012:1017 HSY-II 1012:1017 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 54 theme different 962:970 arg1 HSY-III 1024:1030 HSY-III 1024:1030 HSY-III 1024:1030 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 6 54 theme different 962:970 arg1 HSY-I 1005:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 polysaccharide HSY-I 990:1009 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 7 55 theme HSY 1064:1066 arg1 mixture 1083:1089 the HSY polysaccharide mixture 1060:1089 the HSY polysaccharide mixture 1060:1089 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 3 56 theme molecular 498:506 arg1 weight 508:513 different molecular weight 488:513 different molecular weight 488:513 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: HSY-I (>50 kDa), HSY-II (10 to 50 kDa), HSY-III (<10 kDa). 28906544 7 57 theme polysaccharide 1068:1081 arg1 mixture 1083:1089 the HSY polysaccharide mixture 1060:1089 the HSY polysaccharide mixture 1060:1089 The results indicated that the HSY polysaccharide mixture, HSY-I and HSY-II had hypoglycemic effect. 28906544 6 58 theme mice 861:864 arg1 model 866:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 1 59 theme new 130:132 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides 124:160 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) 124:197 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 8 60 theme yam 1191:1193 arg1 tuber 1195:1199 Chinese yam tuber 1183:1199 Chinese yam tuber 1183:1199 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber were isolated in this study. 28906544 6 61 theme diabetic 852:859 arg1 mice 861:864 metabolism diabetic mice 841:864 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model 786:870 Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance glucose/lipid metabolism diabetic mice model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of different concentration of HSY and different molecular weights polysaccharide HSY-I, HSY-II, and HSY-III. 28906544 3 62 theme yam 465:467 arg1 polysaccharides 469:483 Three type yam polysaccharides 454:483 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight 454:513 Three type yam polysaccharides in different molecular weight were isolated: HSY-I (>50 kDa), HSY-II (10 to 50 kDa), HSY-III (<10 kDa). 28906544 1 63 theme Chinese 134:140 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides 124:160 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) 124:197 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 4 64 theme glycosidic 612:621 arg1 composition 634:644 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition 589:644 composition 634:644 The monosaccharide and glycosidic bond links composition were analyzed with GC and Smith degradation. 28906544 8 65 theme Chinese 1183:1189 arg1 tuber 1195:1199 Chinese yam tuber 1183:1199 Chinese yam tuber 1183:1199 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Three polysaccharides from Chinese yam tuber were isolated in this study. 28906544 1 66 theme tangential 314:323 arg1 system 355:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system 310:360 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 1 67 theme yam 142:144 arg1 polysaccharides 146:160 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides 124:160 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) 124:197 Three new Chinese yam polysaccharides (namely HSY, huaishanyao in Chinese) were isolated using the methods of boiled water extraction and stepwise ethanolic precipitation, combined with the tangential flow ultrafiltration membrane system. 28906544 5 68 theme structure 695:703 arg1 characteristics 705:719 The structure characteristics 691:719 The structure characteristics 691:719 The structure characteristics were further discussed combined with infrared spectrophotometry. 26921504 3 0 theme scaffolds 702:710 arg1 constituents 663:674 the physiochemical constituents 644:674 the physiochemical constituents 644:674 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 0 theme scaffolds 702:710 arg1 morphology 684:693 the morphology 680:693 the morphology of the scaffolds 680:710 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 1 1 theme bone 179:182 arg1 engineering 191:201 bone tissue engineering 179:201 bone tissue engineering 179:201 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 0 2 theme tissue 106:111 arg1 engineering 113:123 bone tissue engineering 101:123 bone tissue engineering 101:123 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. 26921504 7 3 theme chitosan 1112:1119 arg1 matrix 1121:1126 the chitosan matrix 1108:1126 the chitosan matrix 1108:1126 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 1 4 theme tissue 184:189 arg1 engineering 191:201 bone tissue engineering 179:201 bone tissue engineering 179:201 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 6 5 attach isolated 977:984 arg1 bones 1027:1031 salmon fish bones 1015:1031 salmon fish bones 1015:1031 This group is present because of the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones). 26921504 6 5 attach isolated 977:984 arg2 presence 960:967 the presence 956:967 the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones) 956:1032 This group is present because of the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones). 26921504 3 6 theme scanning 557:564 arg1 SEM 587:589 SEM 587:589 SEM 587:589 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 6 theme scanning 557:564 arg1 microscopy 575:584 scanning electron microscopy 557:584 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 557:590 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 6 7 theme alkaline 990:997 arg1 hydrolysis 999:1008 alkaline hydrolysis 990:1008 alkaline hydrolysis 990:1008 This group is present because of the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones). 26921504 4 8 theme composite 760:768 arg1 scaffold 770:777 the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold 738:777 the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold 738:777 The addition of nHA into the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold reduced the water uptake and water retention. 26921504 10 9 theme high 1404:1407 arg1 biocompatibility 1409:1424 high biocompatibility 1404:1424 high biocompatibility 1404:1424 The cells demonstrated high biocompatibility and excellent mineralization for the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 3 10 theme electron 566:573 arg1 SEM 587:589 SEM 587:589 SEM 587:589 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 10 theme electron 566:573 arg1 microscopy 575:584 scanning electron microscopy 557:584 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 557:590 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 9 11 link periosteum-derived 1330:1347 arg1 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 9 11 link periosteum-derived 1330:1347 arg1 cells 1366:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells 1330:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) 1330:1378 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 2 12 theme following 344:352 arg1 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 12 theme following 344:352 arg1 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 12 theme following 344:352 arg1 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 12 theme following 344:352 arg1 combinations 354:365 the following combinations 340:365 the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 340:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 12 theme following 344:352 arg1 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 3 13 dep Fourier 438:444 arg1 transform 446:454 transform 446:454 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) 446:619 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 8 14 theme nutrient 1247:1254 arg1 supplementation 1256:1270 nutrient supplementation 1247:1270 nutrient supplementation 1247:1270 The composite demonstrated a suitable micro architecture for cell growth and nutrient supplementation. 26921504 7 15 theme fucoidan 1096:1103 arg1 dispersion 1074:1083 the dispersion 1070:1083 the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix 1070:1126 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 9 16 theme periosteum-derived 1330:1347 arg1 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 9 16 theme periosteum-derived 1330:1347 arg1 cells 1366:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells 1330:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) 1330:1378 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 3 17 theme infrared 456:463 arg1 FT-IR 479:483 FT-IR 479:483 FT-IR 479:483 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 17 theme infrared 456:463 arg1 spectroscopy 465:476 infrared spectroscopy 456:476 infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 456:484 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 11 18 theme tissue 1615:1620 arg1 regeneration 1622:1633 bone tissue regeneration 1610:1633 bone tissue regeneration 1610:1633 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 5 19 theme phosphate 868:876 arg1 group 878:882 a phosphate group 866:882 a phosphate group 866:882 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 7 20 theme 10-400μm 1160:1167 arg1 size 1152:1155 a pore size 1145:1155 a pore size of 10-400μm 1145:1167 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 9 21 theme mesenchymal 1349:1359 arg1 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 9 21 theme mesenchymal 1349:1359 arg1 cells 1366:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells 1330:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) 1330:1378 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 7 22 theme nHA 1088:1090 arg1 dispersion 1074:1083 the dispersion 1070:1083 the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix 1070:1126 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 2 23 dep combinations 354:365 arg1 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 23 dep combinations 354:365 arg1 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 23 dep combinations 354:365 arg1 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 23 dep combinations 354:365 arg1 combinations 354:365 the following combinations 340:365 the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 340:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 23 dep combinations 354:365 arg1 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 5 24 theme group 878:882 arg1 presence 854:861 the presence 850:861 the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 850:920 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 9 25 theme stem 1361:1364 arg1 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 PMSCs 1373:1377 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 9 25 theme stem 1361:1364 arg1 cells 1366:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells 1330:1370 periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) 1330:1378 This compatibility was further elucidated in vitro using periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). 26921504 8 26 theme micro 1208:1212 arg1 architecture 1214:1225 a suitable micro architecture 1197:1225 a suitable micro architecture for cell growth and nutrient supplementation 1197:1270 The composite demonstrated a suitable micro architecture for cell growth and nutrient supplementation. 26921504 1 27 theme Solid 126:130 arg1 scaffolds 165:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds 126:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 126:201 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 2 28 from chitosan 280:287 arg1 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 28 from chitosan 280:287 arg1 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 28 from chitosan 280:287 arg1 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 28 from chitosan 280:287 arg1 combinations 354:365 the following combinations 340:365 the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 340:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 28 from chitosan 280:287 arg1 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 5 29 theme FT-IR 825:829 arg1 analysis 831:838 FT-IR analysis 825:838 FT-IR analysis 825:838 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 3 30 used used 626:629 arg2 Fourier 438:444 Fourier 438:444 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) 438:619 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 10 31 theme excellent 1430:1438 arg1 mineralization 1440:1453 excellent mineralization 1430:1453 excellent mineralization 1430:1453 The cells demonstrated high biocompatibility and excellent mineralization for the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 4 32 theme chitosan-fucoidan 742:758 arg1 scaffold 770:777 the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold 738:777 the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold 738:777 The addition of nHA into the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold reduced the water uptake and water retention. 26921504 11 33 theme chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 1513:1533 arg1 composite 1535:1543 a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite 1511:1543 a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite 1511:1543 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 11 33 theme chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 1513:1533 arg1 biomaterial 1560:1570 a promising biomaterial 1548:1570 a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration 1548:1633 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 4 34 theme nHA 729:731 arg1 addition 717:724 The addition 713:724 The addition of nHA into the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold 713:777 The addition of nHA into the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold reduced the water uptake and water retention. 26921504 6 35 theme nHA 972:974 arg1 presence 960:967 the presence 956:967 the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones) 956:1032 This group is present because of the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones). 26921504 1 36 theme dimensional 138:148 arg1 scaffolds 165:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds 126:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 126:201 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 1 37 theme freeze-drying 227:239 arg1 method 241:246 the freeze-drying method 223:246 the freeze-drying method 223:246 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 0 38 theme nano 53:56 arg1 hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 58:80 chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 36:80 chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 36:80 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. 26921504 1 39 theme 3D 151:152 arg1 scaffolds 165:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds 126:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 126:201 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 3 40 theme optical 597:603 arg1 OM 617:618 OM 617:618 OM 617:618 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 40 theme optical 597:603 arg1 microscopy 605:614 optical microscopy 597:614 optical microscopy (OM) 597:619 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 41 theme thermal 487:493 arg1 TGA 517:519 TGA 517:519 TGA 517:519 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 41 theme thermal 487:493 arg1 analysis 507:514 thermal gravimetric analysis 487:514 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 487:520 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 0 42 theme chitosan-natural 36:51 arg1 hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 58:80 chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 36:80 chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 36:80 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. 26921504 7 43 theme pore 1147:1150 arg1 size 1152:1155 a pore size 1145:1155 a pore size of 10-400μm 1145:1167 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 5 44 from presence 854:861 arg1 scaffold 913:920 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 887:920 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 887:920 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 3 45 theme gravimetric 495:505 arg1 TGA 517:519 TGA 517:519 TGA 517:519 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 45 theme gravimetric 495:505 arg1 analysis 507:514 thermal gravimetric analysis 487:514 thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) 487:520 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 10 46 theme chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 1463:1483 arg1 scaffold 1485:1492 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 1459:1492 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 1459:1492 The cells demonstrated high biocompatibility and excellent mineralization for the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 3 47 theme diffraction 529:539 arg1 analysis 541:548 X-ray diffraction analysis 523:548 X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 523:554 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 47 theme diffraction 529:539 arg1 XRD 551:553 XRD 551:553 XRD 551:553 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 8 48 theme suitable 1199:1206 arg1 architecture 1214:1225 a suitable micro architecture 1197:1225 a suitable micro architecture for cell growth and nutrient supplementation 1197:1270 The composite demonstrated a suitable micro architecture for cell growth and nutrient supplementation. 26921504 11 49 theme promising 1550:1558 arg1 composite 1535:1543 a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite 1511:1543 a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite 1511:1543 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 11 49 theme promising 1550:1558 arg1 biomaterial 1560:1570 a promising biomaterial 1548:1570 a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration 1548:1633 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 0 50 theme hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 58:80 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. 26921504 0 50 theme hydroxyapatite-fucoidan 58:80 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. 26921504 3 51 theme X-ray 523:527 arg1 analysis 541:548 X-ray diffraction analysis 523:548 X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) 523:554 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 3 51 theme X-ray 523:527 arg1 XRD 551:553 XRD 551:553 XRD 551:553 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 11 52 theme bone 1610:1613 arg1 regeneration 1622:1633 bone tissue regeneration 1610:1633 bone tissue regeneration 1610:1633 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 2 53 theme natural 290:296 arg1 nHA 319:321 nHA 319:321 nHA 319:321 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 53 theme natural 290:296 arg1 nano-hydroxyapatite 298:316 natural nano-hydroxyapatite 290:316 natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) 290:322 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 11 54 used used 1601:1604 arg2 scaffold 1580:1587 the scaffold 1576:1587 the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration 1576:1633 We believe that a chitosan-nHA-fucoidan composite is a promising biomaterial for the scaffold that can be used for bone tissue regeneration. 26921504 2 55 from nano-hydroxyapatite 298:316 arg1 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 55 from nano-hydroxyapatite 298:316 arg1 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 55 from nano-hydroxyapatite 298:316 arg1 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 55 from nano-hydroxyapatite 298:316 arg1 combinations 354:365 the following combinations 340:365 the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 340:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 55 from nano-hydroxyapatite 298:316 arg1 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 7 56 theme Microscopic 1035:1045 arg1 results 1047:1053 Microscopic results 1035:1053 Microscopic results 1035:1053 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 3 57 theme physiochemical 648:661 arg1 constituents 663:674 the physiochemical constituents 644:674 the physiochemical constituents 644:674 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy (OM) were used to determine the physiochemical constituents and the morphology of the scaffolds. 26921504 4 58 theme water 791:795 arg1 uptake 797:802 the water uptake 787:802 the water uptake 787:802 The addition of nHA into the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold reduced the water uptake and water retention. 26921504 1 59 theme composite 155:163 arg1 scaffolds 165:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds 126:173 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 126:201 Solid three dimensional (3D) composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared using the freeze-drying method. 26921504 0 60 theme bone 101:104 arg1 engineering 113:123 bone tissue engineering 101:123 bone tissue engineering 101:123 Preparation and characterization of chitosan-natural nano hydroxyapatite-fucoidan nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. 26921504 5 61 attach presence 854:861 arg1 scaffold 913:920 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 887:920 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 887:920 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 5 61 attach presence 854:861 arg2 group 878:882 a phosphate group 866:882 a phosphate group 866:882 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 4 62 theme water 808:812 arg1 retention 814:822 water retention 808:822 water retention 808:822 The addition of nHA into the chitosan-fucoidan composite scaffold reduced the water uptake and water retention. 26921504 8 63 theme cell 1231:1234 arg1 growth 1236:1241 cell growth 1231:1241 cell growth 1231:1241 The composite demonstrated a suitable micro architecture for cell growth and nutrient supplementation. 26921504 6 64 theme fish 1022:1025 arg1 bones 1027:1031 salmon fish bones 1015:1031 salmon fish bones 1015:1031 This group is present because of the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones). 26921504 7 65 from dispersion 1074:1083 arg1 matrix 1121:1126 the chitosan matrix 1108:1126 the chitosan matrix 1108:1126 Microscopic results indicated that the dispersion of nHA and fucoidan in the chitosan matrix was uniform with a pore size of 10-400μm. 26921504 5 66 theme chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 891:911 arg1 scaffold 913:920 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 887:920 the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold 887:920 FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of a phosphate group in the chitosan-nHA-fucoidan scaffold. 26921504 2 67 from fucoidan 328:335 arg1 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 415:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 67 from fucoidan 328:335 arg1 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 chitosan-fucoidan 378:394 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 67 from fucoidan 328:335 arg1 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 chitosan 368:375 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 67 from fucoidan 328:335 arg1 combinations 354:365 the following combinations 340:365 the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan 340:435 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 2 67 from fucoidan 328:335 arg1 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 chitosan-nHA 397:408 The scaffolds were composed of chitosan, natural nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and fucoidan in the following combinations: chitosan, chitosan-fucoidan, chitosan-nHA, and chitosan-nHA-fucoidan. 26921504 6 68 theme salmon 1015:1020 arg1 bones 1027:1031 salmon fish bones 1015:1031 salmon fish bones 1015:1031 This group is present because of the presence of nHA (isolated via alkaline hydrolysis from salmon fish bones). 28651630 5 0 theme human 843:847 arg1 milk 849:852 human milk 843:852 human milk 843:852 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 3 1 dep RESULTS 386:392 arg1 investigated 471:482 investigated 471:482 was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses 467:594 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 2 2 theme human 374:378 arg1 milk 380:383 human milk 374:383 human milk 374:383 Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. 28651630 0 3 theme vertical 88:95 arg1 transmission 97:108 vertical transmission 88:108 vertical transmission 88:108 Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities and bifidophages in infants through vertical transmission. 28651630 7 4 theme potential 1203:1211 arg1 milk 1193:1196 human milk 1187:1196 human milk 1187:1196 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 7 4 theme potential 1203:1211 arg1 vehicle 1213:1219 a potential vehicle 1201:1219 a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition 1201:1250 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 1 5 dep BACKGROUND 111:120 arg1 represents 176:185 represents 176:185 represents a crucial development that commences at birth 176:231 BACKGROUND The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. 28651630 8 6 theme phages 1348:1353 arg1 inheritance 1317:1327 maternal inheritance 1308:1327 maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages 1308:1353 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 4 7 theme bifidobacterial 611:625 arg1 strains/communities 627:645 bifidobacterial strains/communities 611:645 bifidobacterial strains/communities that are shared between mothers and their corresponding newborns 611:710 We identified bifidobacterial strains/communities that are shared between mothers and their corresponding newborns. 28651630 5 8 theme genomic 722:728 arg1 analyses 730:737 genomic analyses 722:737 genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays 722:775 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 2 9 theme other 317:321 arg1 sources 323:329 other sources 317:329 other sources 317:329 Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. 28651630 6 10 theme species 990:996 arg1 specific 962:969 specific 962:969 specific 962:969 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 3 11 dep spacer 517:522 arg1 ITS 525:527 ITS 525:527 ITS 525:527 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 6 12 from common 1007:1012 arg1 viromes 1021:1027 the viromes 1017:1027 the viromes of mother and corresponding child 1017:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 3 13 theme genomic 579:585 arg1 analyses 587:594 cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses 554:594 cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses 554:594 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 3 14 theme spacer 517:522 arg1 approach 530:537 an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach 493:537 an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach 493:537 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 6 15 theme bifidobacterial 974:988 arg1 species 990:996 bifidobacterial species 974:996 bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child 974:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 1 16 theme crucial 189:195 arg1 development 197:207 a crucial development 187:207 a crucial development that commences at birth 187:231 BACKGROUND The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. 28651630 8 17 theme inheritance 1317:1327 arg1 example 1297:1303 the first example 1287:1303 the first example 1287:1303 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 3 18 theme cultivation-mediated 554:573 arg1 analyses 587:594 cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses 554:594 cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses 554:594 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 7 19 theme communities 1134:1144 arg1 transmission 1102:1113 the transmission 1098:1113 the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child 1098:1173 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 6 20 theme specific 962:969 arg1 bacteriophages 947:960 particular bacteriophages 936:960 particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child 936:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 3 21 theme mother-infant 447:459 arg1 pairs 461:465 25 mother-infant pairs 444:465 25 mother-infant pairs 444:465 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 0 22 theme Maternal 0:7 arg1 inheritance 9:19 Maternal inheritance 0:19 Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities 0:50 Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities and bifidophages in infants through vertical transmission. 28651630 7 23 theme human 1187:1191 arg1 milk 1193:1196 human milk 1187:1196 human milk 1187:1196 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 7 23 theme human 1187:1191 arg1 vehicle 1213:1219 a potential vehicle 1201:1219 a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition 1201:1250 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 7 24 dep CONCLUSIONS 1064:1074 arg1 implies 1179:1185 implies 1179:1185 implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition 1179:1250 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 7 24 dep CONCLUSIONS 1064:1074 arg1 highlights 1087:1096 highlights 1087:1096 highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child 1087:1173 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 3 25 theme pairs 461:465 arg1 communities 429:439 bifidobacterial communities 413:439 bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs 413:465 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 0 26 theme bifidobacterial 24:38 arg1 communities 40:50 bifidobacterial communities 24:50 bifidobacterial communities 24:50 Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities and bifidophages in infants through vertical transmission. 28651630 5 27 theme human 889:893 arg1 glycans 900:906 human milk glycans 889:906 human milk glycans 889:906 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 4 28 theme corresponding 689:701 arg1 newborns 703:710 their corresponding newborns 683:710 their corresponding newborns 683:710 We identified bifidobacterial strains/communities that are shared between mothers and their corresponding newborns. 28651630 8 29 theme first 1291:1295 arg1 example 1297:1303 the first example 1287:1303 the first example 1287:1303 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 6 30 theme corresponding 1043:1055 arg1 child 1057:1061 corresponding child 1043:1061 corresponding child 1043:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 1 31 theme correct 126:132 arg1 establishment 134:146 The correct establishment 122:146 The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota 122:174 BACKGROUND The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. 28651630 3 32 theme internal 496:503 arg1 spacer 517:522 internal transcribed spacer 496:522 an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach 493:537 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 8 33 theme maternal 1308:1315 arg1 inheritance 1317:1327 maternal inheritance 1308:1327 maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages 1308:1353 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 6 34 theme particular 936:945 arg1 bacteriophages 947:960 particular bacteriophages 936:960 particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child 936:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 0 35 theme communities 40:50 arg1 inheritance 9:19 Maternal inheritance 0:19 Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities 0:50 Maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial communities and bifidophages in infants through vertical transmission. 28651630 6 36 theme mother 1032:1037 arg1 viromes 1021:1027 the viromes 1017:1027 the viromes of mother and corresponding child 1017:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 5 37 theme bifidobacterial 791:805 arg1 strains 807:813 bifidobacterial strains 791:813 bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk 791:852 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 5 38 theme milk 895:898 arg1 glycans 900:906 human milk glycans 889:906 human milk glycans 889:906 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 3 39 theme bifidobacterial 413:427 arg1 communities 429:439 bifidobacterial communities 413:439 bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs 413:465 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 6 40 from viromes 1021:1027 arg1 common 1007:1012 common 1007:1012 common 1007:1012 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 6 41 theme child 1057:1061 arg1 viromes 1021:1027 the viromes 1017:1027 the viromes of mother and corresponding child 1017:1061 In addition, we identified particular bacteriophages specific of bifidobacterial species that are common in the viromes of mother and corresponding child. 28651630 5 42 attach isolated 829:836 arg2 strains 807:813 bifidobacterial strains 791:813 bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk 791:852 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 5 42 attach isolated 829:836 arg1 milk 849:852 human milk 843:852 human milk 843:852 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 8 43 theme transmission 1415:1426 arg1 route 1428:1432 a vertical transmission route 1404:1432 a vertical transmission route 1404:1432 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 3 44 theme communities 429:439 arg1 composition 398:408 The composition 394:408 The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs 394:465 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 2 45 theme Different 234:242 arg1 hypotheses 244:253 Different hypotheses 234:253 Different hypotheses 234:253 Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. 28651630 2 46 theme fecal/vaginal 345:357 arg1 microbiota 359:368 the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota 332:368 the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota 332:368 Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. 28651630 5 47 theme growth 753:758 arg1 assays 770:775 growth profiling assays 753:775 growth profiling assays 753:775 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 3 48 theme transcribed 505:515 arg1 spacer 517:522 internal transcribed spacer 496:522 an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach 493:537 RESULTS The composition of bifidobacterial communities of 25 mother-infant pairs was investigated based on an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) approach, combined with cultivation-mediated and genomic analyses. 28651630 5 49 theme profiling 760:768 arg1 assays 770:775 growth profiling assays 753:775 growth profiling assays 753:775 Notably, genomic analyses together with growth profiling assays revealed that bifidobacterial strains that had been isolated from human milk are genetically adapted to utilize human milk glycans. 28651630 7 50 theme bifidobacterial 1118:1132 arg1 communities 1134:1144 bifidobacterial communities 1118:1144 bifidobacterial communities 1118:1144 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 28651630 1 51 theme human 155:159 arg1 microbiota 165:174 the human gut microbiota 151:174 the human gut microbiota 151:174 BACKGROUND The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. 28651630 8 52 theme vertical 1406:1413 arg1 route 1428:1432 a vertical transmission route 1404:1432 a vertical transmission route 1404:1432 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 2 53 theme gut 279:281 arg1 microbiota 283:292 the infant gut microbiota 268:292 the infant gut microbiota 268:292 Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. 28651630 8 54 from bifidophages 1370:1381 arg1 infants 1386:1392 infants 1386:1392 infants following a vertical transmission route 1386:1432 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 1 55 theme gut 161:163 arg1 microbiota 165:174 the human gut microbiota 151:174 the human gut microbiota 151:174 BACKGROUND The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. 28651630 8 56 theme bifidobacterial 1332:1346 arg1 phages 1348:1353 bifidobacterial phages 1332:1353 bifidobacterial phages 1332:1353 Furthermore, these data represent the first example of maternal inheritance of bifidobacterial phages, also known as bifidophages in infants following a vertical transmission route. 28651630 2 57 theme infant 272:277 arg1 microbiota 283:292 the infant gut microbiota 268:292 the infant gut microbiota 268:292 Different hypotheses propose that the infant gut microbiota is derived from, among other sources, the mother's fecal/vaginal microbiota and human milk. 28651630 1 58 theme microbiota 165:174 arg1 establishment 134:146 The correct establishment 122:146 The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota 122:174 BACKGROUND The correct establishment of the human gut microbiota represents a crucial development that commences at birth. 28651630 7 59 from mother 1155:1160 arg1 transmission 1102:1113 the transmission 1098:1113 the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child 1098:1173 CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the transmission of bifidobacterial communities from the mother to her child and implies human milk as a potential vehicle to facilitate this acquisition. 24577738 6 0 theme Ferric 872:877 arg1 sulfate 879:885 Ferric sulfate 872:885 Ferric sulfate 872:885 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 11 1 from production 1658:1667 arg1 scale 1678:1682 pilot scale 1672:1682 pilot scale 1672:1682 The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. 24577738 13 2 theme further 1834:1840 arg1 optimization 1850:1861 further process optimization 1834:1861 further process optimization 1834:1861 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 9 3 theme IPS 1359:1361 arg1 production 1336:1345 the production 1332:1345 the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T 1332:1381 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 10 4 theme good 1532:1535 arg1 3.6 g/L 1542:1548 3.6 g/L 1542:1548 3.6 g/L 1542:1548 The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. 24577738 10 4 theme good 1532:1535 arg1 IPS 1537:1539 good IPS 1532:1539 good IPS (3.6 g/L) 1532:1549 The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. 24577738 12 5 theme fermentation 1741:1752 arg1 property 1754:1761 good fermentation property 1736:1761 good fermentation property 1736:1761 According to this study, the strain GL 5.26 showed good fermentation property by optimizing the medium. 24577738 1 6 theme ganoderic 173:181 arg1 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 6 theme ganoderic 173:181 arg1 acids 183:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 6 theme ganoderic 173:181 arg1 constituents 219:230 the major bioactive constituents 199:230 the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species 199:251 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 8 7 theme extract 1196:1202 arg1 14 g/L 1180:1185 14 g/L 1180:1185 14 g/L of yeast extract 1180:1202 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 7 theme extract 1196:1202 arg1 glucose 1171:1177 glucose 1171:1177 glucose 1171:1177 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 8 dep unchanged 1258:1266 arg1 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components 1161:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 8 dep unchanged 1258:1266 arg1 composition 1145:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 8 dep unchanged 1258:1266 arg1 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 7 9 theme sulfate 1062:1068 arg1 concentrations 1010:1023 The concentrations 1006:1023 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate 1006:1068 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 9 10 theme GAs 1370:1372 arg1 production 1336:1345 the production 1332:1345 the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T 1332:1381 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 2 11 theme production 294:303 arg1 commercialization 267:283 the commercialization 263:283 the commercialization of their production 263:303 However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. 24577738 6 12 theme biomass 935:941 arg1 production 943:952 5.26 biomass production 930:952 5.26 biomass production 930:952 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 9 13 theme initial 1446:1452 arg1 medium 1454:1459 the initial medium 1442:1459 the initial medium 1442:1459 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 4 14 theme statistical 716:726 arg1 method 728:733 statistical method 716:733 statistical method 716:733 Then, the fermentation medium was optimized for GL 5.26 by statistical method. 24577738 8 15 theme medium 1240:1245 arg1 components 1247:1256 other medium components 1234:1256 other medium components 1234:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 0 16 theme fermentation 109:120 arg1 medium 122:127 the fermentation medium 105:127 the fermentation medium 105:127 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 8 17 theme other 1234:1238 arg1 components 1247:1256 other medium components 1234:1256 other medium components 1234:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 18 theme medium 1138:1143 arg1 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components 1161:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 18 theme medium 1138:1143 arg1 composition 1145:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 18 theme medium 1138:1143 arg1 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 13 19 theme candidate 1803:1811 arg1 It 1789:1790 It 1789:1790 It 1789:1790 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 13 19 theme candidate 1803:1811 arg1 strain 1824:1829 a candidate industrial strain 1801:1829 a candidate industrial strain 1801:1829 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 2 20 theme recent 396:401 arg1 years 403:407 recent years 396:407 recent years 396:407 However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. 24577738 7 21 theme response 1096:1103 arg1 methodology 1113:1123 response surface methodology 1096:1123 response surface methodology 1096:1123 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 7 22 theme surface 1105:1111 arg1 methodology 1113:1123 response surface methodology 1096:1123 response surface methodology 1096:1123 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 3 23 theme Ganoderma 431:439 arg1 strains 441:447 twelve Ganoderma strains 424:447 twelve Ganoderma strains 424:447 In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. 24577738 9 24 theme optimized 1273:1281 arg1 medium 1283:1288 The optimized medium 1269:1288 The optimized medium 1269:1288 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 7 25 theme yeast 1037:1041 arg1 extract 1043:1049 yeast extract 1037:1049 yeast extract 1037:1049 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 2 26 theme low 320:322 arg1 yield 324:328 low yield 320:328 low yield 320:328 However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. 24577738 5 27 theme nitrogen 818:825 arg1 source 827:832 nitrogen source 818:832 nitrogen source 818:832 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 11 28 theme highest 1642:1648 arg1 biomass 1650:1656 the highest biomass 1638:1656 the highest biomass production 1638:1667 The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. 24577738 7 29 theme extract 1043:1049 arg1 concentrations 1010:1023 The concentrations 1006:1023 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate 1006:1068 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 9 30 theme GA-T 1378:1381 arg1 production 1336:1345 the production 1332:1345 the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T 1332:1381 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 0 31 theme strains 23:29 arg1 Screening 0:8 Screening 0:8 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents 0:83 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 0 31 theme strains 23:29 arg1 optimization 89:100 optimization 89:100 optimization 89:100 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 8 32 theme optimum 1130:1136 arg1 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components 1161:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 32 theme optimum 1130:1136 arg1 composition 1145:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 32 theme optimum 1130:1136 arg1 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 7 33 theme glucose 1028:1034 arg1 concentrations 1010:1023 The concentrations 1006:1023 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate 1006:1068 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 0 34 with optimization 89:100 arg1 contents 76:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 0 34 with optimization 89:100 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 high polysaccharides 36:55 high polysaccharides 36:55 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 6 35 theme design 998:1003 arg1 results 971:977 the results 967:977 the results of Plackett-Burman design 967:1003 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 9 36 theme total 1364:1368 arg1 GAs 1370:1372 total GAs 1364:1372 total GAs 1364:1372 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 8 37 theme ferric 1216:1221 arg1 acid 1223:1226 ferric acid 1216:1226 ferric acid 1216:1226 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 0 38 theme Ganoderma 13:21 arg1 strains 23:29 Ganoderma strains 13:29 Ganoderma strains 13:29 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 0 39 theme medium 122:127 arg1 Screening 0:8 Screening 0:8 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents 0:83 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 0 39 theme medium 122:127 arg1 optimization 89:100 optimization 89:100 optimization 89:100 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 11 40 theme 300-L 1610:1614 arg1 bioreactor 1616:1625 300-L bioreactor 1610:1625 300-L bioreactor 1610:1625 The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. 24577738 5 41 theme single-factor 851:863 arg1 tests 865:869 the single-factor tests 847:869 the single-factor tests 847:869 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 12 42 theme good 1736:1739 arg1 property 1754:1761 good fermentation property 1736:1761 good fermentation property 1736:1761 According to this study, the strain GL 5.26 showed good fermentation property by optimizing the medium. 24577738 0 43 theme high 36:39 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 high polysaccharides 36:55 high polysaccharides 36:55 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 6 44 theme significant 905:915 arg1 effect 917:922 significant effect 905:922 significant effect 905:922 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 12 45 theme strain 1714:1719 arg1 GL 1721:1722 the strain GL 5.26 1710:1727 the strain GL 5.26 1710:1727 According to this study, the strain GL 5.26 showed good fermentation property by optimizing the medium. 24577738 5 46 theme optimum 792:798 arg1 extract 763:769 yeast extract 757:769 yeast extract 757:769 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 5 46 theme optimum 792:798 arg1 glucose 745:751 glucose 745:751 glucose 745:751 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 5 46 theme optimum 792:798 arg1 source 807:812 the optimum carbon source 788:812 the optimum carbon source 788:812 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 1 47 theme major 203:207 arg1 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 47 theme major 203:207 arg1 constituents 219:230 the major bioactive constituents 199:230 the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species 199:251 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 47 theme major 203:207 arg1 acids 183:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 8 48 theme glucose 1171:1177 arg1 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L 1161:1166 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components 1161:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 48 theme glucose 1171:1177 arg1 composition 1145:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition 1126:1155 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 48 theme glucose 1171:1177 arg1 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 unchanged 1258:1266 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 11 49 theme pilot 1672:1676 arg1 scale 1678:1682 pilot scale 1672:1682 pilot scale 1672:1682 The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. 24577738 0 50 theme statistical 132:142 arg1 methods 144:150 statistical methods 132:150 statistical methods 132:150 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 10 51 dep IPS 1537:1539 arg1 production 1570:1579 production 1570:1579 production 1570:1579 The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. 24577738 9 52 theme biomass 1350:1356 arg1 production 1336:1345 the production 1332:1345 the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T 1332:1381 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 1 53 theme bioactive 209:217 arg1 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 53 theme bioactive 209:217 arg1 constituents 219:230 the major bioactive constituents 199:230 the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species 199:251 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 53 theme bioactive 209:217 arg1 acids 183:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 9 54 theme 10-L 1311:1314 arg1 bioreactor 1316:1325 the 10-L bioreactor 1307:1325 the 10-L bioreactor 1307:1325 The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. 24577738 6 55 theme Plackett-Burman 982:996 arg1 design 998:1003 Plackett-Burman design 982:1003 Plackett-Burman design 982:1003 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 11 56 theme biomass 1650:1656 arg1 production 1658:1667 the highest biomass production 1638:1667 the highest biomass production 1638:1667 The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. 24577738 8 57 with 55 g/L 1161:1166 arg1 components 1247:1256 other medium components 1234:1256 other medium components 1234:1256 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 2 58 theme submerged 337:345 arg1 culture 347:353 the submerged culture 333:353 the submerged culture of Ganoderma 333:366 However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. 24577738 5 59 theme yeast 757:761 arg1 source 807:812 the optimum carbon source 788:812 the optimum carbon source 788:812 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 5 59 theme yeast 757:761 arg1 extract 763:769 yeast extract 757:769 yeast extract 757:769 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 5 59 theme yeast 757:761 arg1 glucose 745:751 glucose 745:751 glucose 745:751 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 3 60 theme tested 642:647 arg1 stains 649:654 the tested stains 638:654 the tested stains 638:654 In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. 24577738 7 61 theme ferric 1055:1060 arg1 sulfate 1062:1068 ferric sulfate 1055:1068 ferric sulfate 1055:1068 The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. 24577738 4 62 theme fermentation 667:678 arg1 medium 680:685 the fermentation medium 663:685 the fermentation medium 663:685 Then, the fermentation medium was optimized for GL 5.26 by statistical method. 24577738 11 63 from 23.9 g/L 1598:1605 arg1 bioreactor 1616:1625 300-L bioreactor 1610:1625 300-L bioreactor 1610:1625 The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. 24577738 0 64 with Screening 0:8 arg1 contents 76:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 0 64 with Screening 0:8 arg1 polysaccharides 41:55 high polysaccharides 36:55 high polysaccharides 36:55 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 8 65 theme acid 1223:1226 arg1 0.3 g/L 1205:1211 0.3 g/L 1205:1211 0.3 g/L of ferric acid 1205:1226 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 8 65 theme acid 1223:1226 arg1 glucose 1171:1177 glucose 1171:1177 glucose 1171:1177 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 13 66 theme scale-up 1867:1874 arg1 study 1876:1880 scale-up study 1867:1880 scale-up study 1867:1880 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 13 67 theme process 1842:1848 arg1 optimization 1850:1861 further process optimization 1834:1861 further process optimization 1834:1861 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 13 68 theme industrial 1813:1822 arg1 It 1789:1790 It 1789:1790 It 1789:1790 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 13 68 theme industrial 1813:1822 arg1 strain 1824:1829 a candidate industrial strain 1801:1829 a candidate industrial strain 1801:1829 It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study. 24577738 2 69 theme Ganoderma 358:366 arg1 culture 347:353 the submerged culture 333:353 the submerged culture of Ganoderma 333:366 However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. 24577738 0 70 theme acid 71:74 arg1 contents 76:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 5 71 theme carbon 800:805 arg1 extract 763:769 yeast extract 757:769 yeast extract 757:769 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 5 71 theme carbon 800:805 arg1 glucose 745:751 glucose 745:751 glucose 745:751 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 5 71 theme carbon 800:805 arg1 source 807:812 the optimum carbon source 788:812 the optimum carbon source 788:812 Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. 24577738 3 72 theme fermentation 580:591 arg1 process 593:599 fermentation process 580:599 fermentation process 580:599 In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. 24577738 8 73 theme yeast 1190:1194 arg1 extract 1196:1202 yeast extract 1190:1202 yeast extract 1190:1202 The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. 24577738 1 74 theme Ganoderma 235:243 arg1 species 245:251 Ganoderma species 235:251 Ganoderma species 235:251 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 0 75 theme ganoderic 61:69 arg1 contents 76:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 ganoderic acid contents 61:83 Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. 24577738 6 76 contain have 900:903 arg2 effect 917:922 significant effect 905:922 significant effect 905:922 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 6 76 contain have 900:903 arg1 sulfate 879:885 Ferric sulfate 872:885 Ferric sulfate 872:885 Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. 24577738 10 77 theme fermentation 1466:1477 arg1 process 1479:1485 The fermentation process 1462:1485 The fermentation process 1462:1485 The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. 24577738 3 78 theme Ganoderma 515:523 arg1 lucidum 525:531 Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 515:536 Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process 515:599 In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. 24577738 3 78 theme Ganoderma 515:523 arg1 GL 539:540 GL 5.26 539:545 GL 5.26 539:545 In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. 24577738 10 79 theme 300-L 1504:1508 arg1 bioreactor 1510:1519 300-L bioreactor 1504:1519 300-L bioreactor 1504:1519 The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. 24577738 1 80 theme species 245:251 arg1 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides 153:167 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 80 theme species 245:251 arg1 constituents 219:230 the major bioactive constituents 199:230 the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species 199:251 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 24577738 1 80 theme species 245:251 arg1 acids 183:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 ganoderic acids 173:187 Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. 28927632 2 0 theme extraction 482:491 arg1 time 493:496 an extraction time 479:496 an extraction time of 300min 479:506 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 3 1 theme purified 691:698 arg1 polysaccharide 707:720 the purified acidic polysaccharide 687:720 the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) 687:731 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 3 1 theme purified 691:698 arg1 II-1 727:730 STP II-1 723:730 STP II-1 723:730 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 2 2 theme crude 592:596 arg1 STP 598:600 crude STP 592:600 crude STP 592:600 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 4 3 theme radical 1046:1052 arg1 rate 999:1002 the scavenging rate 984:1002 the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 984:1052 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 4 3 theme radical 1046:1052 arg1 rate 1069:1072 inhibition rate 1058:1072 inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1058:1110 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 4 4 theme 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1011:1039 arg1 radical 1046:1052 the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 1007:1052 the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 1007:1052 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 1 5 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 time 285:288 extraction time 274:288 extraction time 274:288 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 5 theme extraction 274:283 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 0 6 theme Salicornia 105:114 arg1 herbacea 116:123 Salicornia herbacea 105:123 Salicornia herbacea 105:123 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 4 7 theme inhibition 1058:1067 arg1 rate 1069:1072 inhibition rate 1058:1072 inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1058:1110 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 4 8 theme STP 943:945 arg1 II-1 947:950 STP II-1 943:950 STP II-1 943:950 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 2 9 theme maximal 575:581 arg1 yield 583:587 the maximal yield 571:587 the maximal yield of crude STP 571:600 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 9 theme maximal 575:581 arg1 % 615:615 1.30±0.06% 606:615 1.30±0.06% 606:615 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 4 10 theme II-1 947:950 arg1 capacity 931:938 The antioxidant capacity 915:938 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 915:950 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 1 11 theme Salicornia 376:385 arg1 STP 397:399 STP 397:399 STP 397:399 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 11 theme Salicornia 376:385 arg1 herbacea 387:394 Salicornia herbacea 376:394 Salicornia herbacea (STP) 376:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 3 12 theme galacturonic 896:907 arg1 acid 909:912 galacturonic acid 896:912 galacturonic acid 896:912 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 0 13 theme herbacea 116:123 arg1 testa 96:100 the testa 92:100 the testa of Salicornia herbacea 92:123 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 1 14 theme herbacea 387:394 arg1 testa 367:371 the testa 363:371 the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 363:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 3 15 theme glucuronic 876:885 arg1 acid 887:890 glucuronic acid 876:890 glucuronic acid 876:890 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 1 16 theme single-factor 193:205 arg1 experiments 207:217 single-factor experiments 193:217 single-factor experiments 193:217 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 2 17 theme 57:1 459:462 arg1 time 493:496 an extraction time 479:496 an extraction time of 300min 479:506 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 17 theme 57:1 459:462 arg1 temperature 526:536 an extraction temperature 512:536 an extraction temperature of 87°C. 512:545 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 17 theme 57:1 459:462 arg1 ratio 450:454 a liquid-solid ratio 435:454 a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass) 435:476 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 3 18 theme polysaccharide 707:720 arg1 characterization 667:682 Preliminary characterization 655:682 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography 655:773 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 3 19 theme STP 723:725 arg1 polysaccharide 707:720 the purified acidic polysaccharide 687:720 the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) 687:731 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 3 19 theme STP 723:725 arg1 II-1 727:730 STP II-1 723:730 STP II-1 723:730 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 1 20 theme extraction 291:300 arg1 temperature 302:312 extraction temperature 291:312 extraction temperature 291:312 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 20 theme extraction 291:300 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 2 21 theme STP 598:600 arg1 yield 583:587 the maximal yield 571:587 the maximal yield of crude STP 571:600 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 21 theme STP 598:600 arg1 % 615:615 1.30±0.06% 606:615 1.30±0.06% 606:615 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 4 22 theme free 1041:1044 arg1 radical 1046:1052 the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 1007:1052 the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 1007:1052 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 3 23 theme high 736:739 arg1 chromatography 760:773 high performance liquid chromatography 736:773 high performance liquid chromatography 736:773 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 2 24 theme model 636:640 arg1 predictions 642:652 model predictions 636:652 model predictions 636:652 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 0 25 theme preliminary 12:22 arg1 characterization 24:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 2 26 theme 87°C. 541:545 arg1 time 493:496 an extraction time 479:496 an extraction time of 300min 479:506 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 26 theme 87°C. 541:545 arg1 temperature 526:536 an extraction temperature 512:536 an extraction temperature of 87°C. 512:545 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 26 theme 87°C. 541:545 arg1 ratio 450:454 a liquid-solid ratio 435:454 a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass) 435:476 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 0 27 from testa 96:100 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 0 27 from testa 96:100 arg1 characterization 24:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 0 27 from testa 96:100 arg1 properties 57:66 antioxidant properties 45:66 antioxidant properties 45:66 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 0 28 theme antioxidant 45:55 arg1 properties 57:66 antioxidant properties 45:66 antioxidant properties 45:66 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 4 29 theme antioxidant 919:929 arg1 capacity 931:938 The antioxidant capacity 915:938 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 915:950 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 1 30 from testa 367:371 arg1 ratio 332:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 30 from testa 367:371 arg1 polysaccharides 342:356 polysaccharides 342:356 polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 342:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 30 from testa 367:371 arg1 time 285:288 extraction time 274:288 extraction time 274:288 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 30 from testa 367:371 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 30 from testa 367:371 arg1 temperature 302:312 extraction temperature 291:312 extraction temperature 291:312 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 31 theme solid-liquid 319:330 arg1 ratio 332:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 31 theme solid-liquid 319:330 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 2 32 theme 300min 501:506 arg1 time 493:496 an extraction time 479:496 an extraction time of 300min 479:506 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 32 theme 300min 501:506 arg1 temperature 526:536 an extraction temperature 512:536 an extraction temperature of 87°C. 512:545 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 32 theme 300min 501:506 arg1 ratio 450:454 a liquid-solid ratio 435:454 a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass) 435:476 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 2 33 theme extraction 515:524 arg1 temperature 526:536 an extraction temperature 512:536 an extraction temperature of 87°C. 512:545 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 1 34 dep parameters 256:265 arg1 ratio 332:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 34 dep parameters 256:265 arg1 time 285:288 extraction time 274:288 extraction time 274:288 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 34 dep parameters 256:265 arg1 temperature 302:312 extraction temperature 291:312 extraction temperature 291:312 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 34 dep parameters 256:265 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 3 35 theme acidic 700:705 arg1 polysaccharide 707:720 the purified acidic polysaccharide 687:720 the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) 687:731 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 3 35 theme acidic 700:705 arg1 II-1 727:730 STP II-1 723:730 STP II-1 723:730 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 1 36 theme Response 126:133 arg1 methodology 143:153 Response surface methodology 126:153 Response surface methodology 126:153 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 4 37 theme scavenging 988:997 arg1 rate 999:1002 the scavenging rate 984:1002 the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 984:1052 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 3 38 theme performance 741:751 arg1 chromatography 760:773 high performance liquid chromatography 736:773 high performance liquid chromatography 736:773 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 1 39 dep time 285:288 arg1 i.e. 268:271 i.e. 268:271 i.e. 268:271 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 40 used used 224:227 arg2 design 177:182 central composite design 159:182 central composite design 159:182 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 40 used used 224:227 arg2 methodology 143:153 Response surface methodology 126:153 Response surface methodology 126:153 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 41 theme surface 135:141 arg1 methodology 143:153 Response surface methodology 126:153 Response surface methodology 126:153 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 4 42 theme H2O2-induced 1077:1088 arg1 hemolysis 1102:1110 H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1077:1110 H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1077:1110 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 3 43 theme liquid 753:758 arg1 chromatography 760:773 high performance liquid chromatography 736:773 high performance liquid chromatography 736:773 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 3 44 theme Preliminary 655:665 arg1 characterization 667:682 Preliminary characterization 655:682 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography 655:773 Preliminary characterization of the purified acidic polysaccharide (STP II-1) by high performance liquid chromatography indicated that it was composed mainly of d-mannose, d-rhamnose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-arabinose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. 28927632 1 45 theme extraction 245:254 arg1 ratio 332:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 45 theme extraction 245:254 arg1 time 285:288 extraction time 274:288 extraction time 274:288 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 45 theme extraction 245:254 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 45 theme extraction 245:254 arg1 temperature 302:312 extraction temperature 291:312 extraction temperature 291:312 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 46 from parameters 256:265 arg1 testa 367:371 the testa 363:371 the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 363:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 4 47 theme hemolysis 1102:1110 arg1 rate 999:1002 the scavenging rate 984:1002 the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical 984:1052 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 4 47 theme hemolysis 1102:1110 arg1 rate 1069:1072 inhibition rate 1058:1072 inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1058:1110 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 2 48 theme optimal 407:413 arg1 conditions 415:424 The optimal conditions 403:424 The optimal conditions 403:424 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 1 49 theme central 159:165 arg1 design 177:182 central composite design 159:182 central composite design 159:182 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 4 50 theme erythrocyte 1090:1100 arg1 hemolysis 1102:1110 H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1077:1110 H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis 1077:1110 The antioxidant capacity of STP II-1 was analyzed by monitoring both the scavenging rate of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and inhibition rate of H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolysis. 28927632 0 51 theme polysaccharides 71:85 arg1 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction 0:9 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 0 51 theme polysaccharides 71:85 arg1 characterization 24:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 preliminary characterization 12:39 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 0 51 theme polysaccharides 71:85 arg1 properties 57:66 antioxidant properties 45:66 antioxidant properties 45:66 Extraction, preliminary characterization and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea. 28927632 1 52 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 ratio 332:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 solid-liquid ratio 319:336 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 52 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 time 285:288 extraction time 274:288 extraction time 274:288 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 52 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 parameters 256:265 the extraction parameters 241:265 the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP) 241:400 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 1 52 theme polysaccharides 342:356 arg1 temperature 302:312 extraction temperature 291:312 extraction temperature 291:312 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 28927632 2 53 theme liquid-solid 437:448 arg1 ratio 450:454 a liquid-solid ratio 435:454 a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass) 435:476 The optimal conditions included a liquid-solid ratio of 57:1 (volume/mass), an extraction time of 300min and an extraction temperature of 87°C. Under these conditions, the maximal yield of crude STP was 1.30±0.06%, which agreed with model predictions. 28927632 1 54 theme composite 167:175 arg1 design 177:182 central composite design 159:182 central composite design 159:182 Response surface methodology and central composite design based on single-factor experiments were used to optimize the extraction parameters (i.e., extraction time, extraction temperature, and solid-liquid ratio) of polysaccharides from the testa of Salicornia herbacea (STP). 27223892 10 0 theme 80-120 1821:1826 arg1 1/sec 1828:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec 1814:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number 1814:1851 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 3 1 from data 556:559 arg1 hydrolases 570:579 other hydrolases 564:579 other hydrolases 564:579 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 10 2 theme number 1846:1851 arg1 1/sec 1828:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec 1814:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number 1814:1851 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 5 3 theme glycosyl 893:900 arg1 hydrolases 902:911 glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5) 893:919 glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5) 893:919 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 7 4 theme repeated 1357:1364 arg1 motifs 1379:1384 repeated tetrapeptide motifs) 1357:1385 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th) 1347:1413 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 4 5 theme rDNA 706:709 arg1 analyses 690:697 Our phylogenetic analyses 673:697 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences 673:737 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 2 6 theme important 351:359 arg1 enzymes 361:367 other important enzymes 345:367 other important enzymes especially hemicellulases 345:393 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 1 7 theme hydrolyzing 230:240 arg1 systems 249:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 11 8 theme Ca2+ 1951:1954 arg1 presence 1939:1946 the presence 1935:1946 the presence of Ca2+ 1935:1954 We detected great variability in heat stability at 70°C, which was influenced by the presence of Ca2+. 27223892 0 9 from Species 89:95 arg1 Expression 9:18 Expression 9:18 Expression 9:18 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 0 9 from Species 89:95 arg1 Characterization 36:51 Biochemical Characterization 24:51 Biochemical Characterization 24:51 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 0 9 from Species 89:95 arg1 Cloning 0:6 Cloning 0:6 Cloning 0:6 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 4 10 theme phylogenetic 677:688 arg1 analyses 690:697 Our phylogenetic analyses 673:697 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences 673:737 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 4 11 theme T. 753:754 arg1 CECT3323 761:768 T. alba CECT3323 753:768 T. alba CECT3323 753:768 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 11 12 theme great 1866:1870 arg1 variability 1872:1882 great variability 1866:1882 great variability 1866:1882 We detected great variability in heat stability at 70°C, which was influenced by the presence of Ca2+. 27223892 3 13 dep T. 582:583 arg1 fusca 585:589 T. fusca TM51 582:594 T. fusca TM51 582:594 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 13 dep T. 582:583 arg1 TM51 591:594 TM51 591:594 TM51 591:594 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 9 14 from fusca 1580:1584 arg1 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 14 from fusca 1580:1584 arg1 optima 1508:1513 The pH optima 1501:1513 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca 1501:1584 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 14 from fusca 1580:1584 arg1 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 14 from fusca 1580:1584 arg1 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 2 15 dep enzymes 361:367 arg1 hemicellulases 380:393 hemicellulases 380:393 other important enzymes especially hemicellulases 345:393 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 10 16 theme similar 1747:1753 arg1 performances 1763:1774 very similar kinetic performances 1742:1774 very similar kinetic performances 1742:1774 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 12 17 theme important 1998:2006 arg1 subjects 2008:2015 important subjects 1998:2015 important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation 1998:2147 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 12 17 theme important 1998:2006 arg1 endomannanases 1974:1987 The investigated endomannanases 1957:1987 The investigated endomannanases 1957:1987 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 9 18 theme temperature 1654:1664 arg1 optima 1666:1671 their temperature optima 1648:1671 their temperature optima 1648:1671 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 6 19 theme repetitive 1170:1179 arg1 motifs 1194:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 4 20 theme endomannanase 715:727 arg1 sequences 729:737 endomannanase sequences 715:737 endomannanase sequences 715:737 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 7 21 dep times 1351:1355 arg1 motifs 1379:1384 repeated tetrapeptide motifs) 1357:1385 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th) 1347:1413 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 12 22 theme investigated 1961:1972 arg1 subjects 2008:2015 important subjects 1998:2015 important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation 1998:2147 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 12 22 theme investigated 1961:1972 arg1 endomannanases 1974:1987 The investigated endomannanases 1957:1987 The investigated endomannanases 1957:1987 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 12 23 theme structure/function 2034:2051 arg1 relation 2053:2060 the structure/function relation 2030:2060 the structure/function relation behind the heat stability 2030:2086 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 8 24 theme expressed 1442:1450 arg1 enzymes 1458:1464 the heterologously expressed Man5A enzymes 1423:1464 the heterologously expressed Man5A enzymes 1423:1464 All of the heterologously expressed Man5A enzymes exhibited activity only on mannan. 27223892 1 25 dep thermotolerant 147:160 arg1 compost 163:169 compost 163:169 compost 163:169 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 5 26 theme modular 963:969 arg1 they 954:957 they 954:957 they 954:957 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 5 26 theme modular 963:969 arg1 enzymes 971:977 modular enzymes 963:977 modular enzymes 963:977 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 9 27 from cellulosilytica 1557:1571 arg1 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 27 from cellulosilytica 1557:1571 arg1 optima 1508:1513 The pH optima 1501:1513 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca 1501:1584 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 27 from cellulosilytica 1557:1571 arg1 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 27 from cellulosilytica 1557:1571 arg1 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 3 28 dep cloned 440:445 arg1 fill 423:426 fill 423:426 To fill this gap 420:435 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 29 theme reference 490:498 arg1 strains 500:506 those reference strains 484:506 those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus 484:532 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 30 contain have 541:544 arg2 data 556:559 published data 546:559 published data on other hydrolases 546:579 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 30 contain have 541:544 arg1 endomannanases 464:477 endomannanases 464:477 endomannanases 464:477 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 0 31 theme Thermobifida 76:87 arg1 Species 89:95 Thermobifida Species 76:95 Thermobifida Species 76:95 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 6 32 dep Pro 1144:1146 arg1 motifs 1194:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 11 33 theme heat 1887:1890 arg1 stability 1892:1900 heat stability 1887:1900 heat stability 1887:1900 We detected great variability in heat stability at 70°C, which was influenced by the presence of Ca2+. 27223892 3 34 theme Thermobifida 515:526 arg1 genus 528:532 the Thermobifida genus 511:532 the Thermobifida genus 511:532 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 9 35 theme Man5A 1518:1522 arg1 enzymes 1524:1530 Man5A enzymes 1518:1530 Man5A enzymes 1518:1530 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 10 36 theme LBG-mannan 1779:1788 arg1 substrate 1790:1798 LBG-mannan substrate 1779:1798 LBG-mannan substrate 1779:1798 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 5 37 dep hydrolases 902:911 arg1 GH5 916:918 GH5 916:918 GH5 916:918 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 5 37 dep hydrolases 902:911 arg1 5 913:913 5 913:913 5 913:913 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 0 38 theme Biochemical 24:34 arg1 Characterization 36:51 Biochemical Characterization 24:51 Biochemical Characterization 24:51 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 6 39 theme carbohydrate 1033:1044 arg1 module 1054:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module 1020:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1020:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 6 39 theme carbohydrate 1033:1044 arg1 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 1 40 contain have 202:205 arg2 systems 249:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 1 40 contain have 202:205 arg1 actinomycetes 182:194 thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes 147:194 thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 147:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 1 40 contain have 202:205 arg1 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 12 41 theme hemicellulose 2123:2135 arg1 degradation 2137:2147 hemicellulose degradation 2123:2147 hemicellulose degradation 2123:2147 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 6 42 theme interdomain 1104:1114 arg1 region 1123:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region 1082:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1082:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 6 43 theme residues 1090:1097 arg1 region 1123:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region 1082:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1082:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 3 44 theme other 564:568 arg1 hydrolases 570:579 other hydrolases 564:579 other hydrolases 564:579 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 1 45 theme complex 207:213 arg1 systems 249:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 9 46 dep different 1599:1607 arg1 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 46 dep different 1599:1607 arg1 optima 1508:1513 The pH optima 1501:1513 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca 1501:1584 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 46 dep different 1599:1607 arg1 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 46 dep different 1599:1607 arg1 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 10 47 theme 1/sec 1828:1832 arg1 1/sec 1828:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec 1814:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number 1814:1851 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 10 47 theme 1/sec 1828:1832 arg1 0.9-1.7mM 1801:1809 0.9-1.7mM 1801:1809 0.9-1.7mM 1801:1809 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 3 48 from strains 500:506 arg1 endomannanases 464:477 endomannanases 464:477 endomannanases 464:477 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 7 49 theme high 1235:1238 arg1 homology 1240:1247 high homology 1235:1247 high homology 1235:1247 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 7 49 theme high 1235:1238 arg1 sequence 1262:1269 interdomain sequence 1250:1269 interdomain sequence 1250:1269 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 5 50 theme hydrolases 902:911 arg1 family 883:888 the family 879:888 the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5) 879:919 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 10 51 dep exhibited 1732:1740 arg1 1/sec 1828:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec 1814:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number 1814:1851 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 10 51 dep exhibited 1732:1740 arg1 0.9-1.7mM 1801:1809 0.9-1.7mM 1801:1809 0.9-1.7mM 1801:1809 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 10 52 theme turnover 1837:1844 arg1 number 1846:1851 turnover number 1837:1851 turnover number 1837:1851 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 1 53 theme polysaccharide 215:228 arg1 systems 249:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 7 54 theme tetrapeptide 1366:1377 arg1 motifs 1379:1384 repeated tetrapeptide motifs) 1357:1385 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th) 1347:1413 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 4 55 theme 16S 702:704 arg1 rDNA 706:709 16S rDNA 702:709 16S rDNA 702:709 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 2 56 theme other 345:349 arg1 enzymes 361:367 other important enzymes 345:367 other important enzymes especially hemicellulases 345:393 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 1 57 theme enzyme 242:247 arg1 systems 249:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 207:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 2 58 theme characterized 267:279 arg1 enzymes 281:287 The best characterized enzymes 258:287 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases 258:307 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 2 58 theme characterized 267:279 arg1 cellulases 313:322 cellulases 313:322 cellulases from T. fusca 313:336 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 7 59 dep motifs 1379:1384 arg1 DPGT-Th 1406:1412 DPGT-Th 1406:1412 DPGT-Th 1406:1412 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 7 59 dep motifs 1379:1384 arg1 TEEP-Tf 1397:1403 TEEP-Tf 1397:1403 TEEP-Tf 1397:1403 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 7 59 dep motifs 1379:1384 arg1 PTDP-Tc 1388:1394 PTDP-Tc 1388:1394 PTDP-Tc 1388:1394 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 10 60 theme kinetic 1755:1761 arg1 performances 1763:1774 very similar kinetic performances 1742:1774 very similar kinetic performances 1742:1774 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 1 61 theme thermotolerant 147:160 arg1 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 1 61 theme thermotolerant 147:160 arg1 actinomycetes 182:194 thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes 147:194 thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 147:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 6 62 theme C-terminal 1022:1031 arg1 module 1054:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module 1020:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1020:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 6 62 theme C-terminal 1022:1031 arg1 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 12 63 theme heat 2073:2076 arg1 stability 2078:2086 the heat stability 2069:2086 the heat stability 2069:2086 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 6 64 theme tetrapeptide 1181:1192 arg1 motifs 1194:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 4 65 theme alba 756:759 arg1 CECT3323 761:768 T. alba CECT3323 753:768 T. alba CECT3323 753:768 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 6 66 theme long 1099:1102 arg1 region 1123:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region 1082:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1082:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 7 67 theme polypeptide 1208:1218 arg1 chains 1220:1225 Their polypeptide chains 1202:1225 Their polypeptide chains 1202:1225 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 2 68 theme hydrolases 298:307 arg1 enzymes 281:287 The best characterized enzymes 258:287 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases 258:307 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 2 68 theme hydrolases 298:307 arg1 cellulases 313:322 cellulases 313:322 cellulases from T. fusca 313:336 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 2 69 from fusca 332:336 arg1 enzymes 281:287 The best characterized enzymes 258:287 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases 258:307 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 2 69 from fusca 332:336 arg1 cellulases 313:322 cellulases 313:322 cellulases from T. fusca 313:336 The best characterized enzymes of these hydrolases are cellulases from T. fusca, while other important enzymes especially hemicellulases are not deeply explored. 27223892 6 70 theme rich 1165:1168 arg1 motifs 1194:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1165:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 8 71 theme Man5A 1452:1456 arg1 enzymes 1458:1464 the heterologously expressed Man5A enzymes 1423:1464 the heterologously expressed Man5A enzymes 1423:1464 All of the heterologously expressed Man5A enzymes exhibited activity only on mannan. 27223892 4 72 theme sequences 729:737 arg1 analyses 690:697 Our phylogenetic analyses 673:697 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences 673:737 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 0 73 theme Different 111:119 arg1 Niches 121:126 Different Niches 111:126 Different Niches 111:126 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 3 74 dep T. 597:598 arg1 alba 600:603 T. alba CECT3323 597:612 T. alba CECT3323 597:612 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 74 dep T. 597:598 arg1 CECT3323 605:612 CECT3323 605:612 CECT3323 605:612 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 6 75 theme catalytic 986:994 arg1 domains 996:1002 Their catalytic domains 980:1002 Their catalytic domains 980:1002 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 3 76 dep have 541:544 arg1 T. 597:598 T. 597:598 T. 597:598 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 76 dep have 541:544 arg1 TB100T 634:639 TB100T 634:639 TB100T 634:639 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 76 dep have 541:544 arg1 T. 582:583 T. 582:583 T. 582:583 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 3 76 dep have 541:544 arg1 YIM90462T 661:669 YIM90462T 661:669 YIM90462T 661:669 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 6 77 theme type 1070:1073 arg1 module 1054:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module 1020:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1020:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 6 77 theme type 1070:1073 arg1 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 9 78 theme 70-75°C 1698:1704 arg1 range 1689:1693 the range 1685:1693 the range of 70-75°C 1685:1704 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 5 79 theme cloned 830:835 arg1 endomannanases 854:867 The cloned and investigated endomannanases 826:867 endomannanases 854:867 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 9 80 theme pH 1505:1506 arg1 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 80 theme pH 1505:1506 arg1 optima 1508:1513 The pH optima 1501:1513 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca 1501:1584 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 80 theme pH 1505:1506 arg1 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 80 theme pH 1505:1506 arg1 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 5 81 theme investigated 841:852 arg1 endomannanases 854:867 The cloned and investigated endomannanases 826:867 endomannanases 854:867 The cloned and investigated endomannanases belong to the family of glycosyl hydrolases 5 (GH5), their size is around 50 kDa and they are modular enzymes. 27223892 9 82 from halotolerans 1540:1551 arg1 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 82 from halotolerans 1540:1551 arg1 optima 1508:1513 The pH optima 1501:1513 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca 1501:1584 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 82 from halotolerans 1540:1551 arg1 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 82 from halotolerans 1540:1551 arg1 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 3 83 theme genus 528:532 arg1 strains 500:506 those reference strains 484:506 those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus 484:532 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 9 84 theme enzymes 1524:1530 arg1 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 8.0 1623:1625 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 84 theme enzymes 1524:1530 arg1 optima 1508:1513 The pH optima 1501:1513 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca 1501:1584 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 84 theme enzymes 1524:1530 arg1 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 7.0 1610:1612 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 9 84 theme enzymes 1524:1530 arg1 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 different 1599:1607 The pH optima of Man5A enzymes from T. halotolerans, T. cellulosilytica and T. fusca are slightly different (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, respectively) while their temperature optima span within the range of 70-75°C. 27223892 6 85 theme binding 1046:1052 arg1 module 1054:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module 1020:1059 a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1020:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 6 85 theme binding 1046:1052 arg1 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 CBM 1062:1064 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 12 86 theme industrial 2096:2105 arg1 applications 2107:2118 industrial applications 2096:2118 industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation 2096:2147 The investigated endomannanases might be important subjects for studying the structure/function relation behind the heat stability and for industrial applications to hemicellulose degradation. 27223892 0 87 theme Endomannanases 56:69 arg1 Expression 9:18 Expression 9:18 Expression 9:18 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 0 87 theme Endomannanases 56:69 arg1 Characterization 36:51 Biochemical Characterization 24:51 Biochemical Characterization 24:51 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 0 87 theme Endomannanases 56:69 arg1 Cloning 0:6 Cloning 0:6 Cloning 0:6 Cloning, Expression and Biochemical Characterization of Endomannanases from Thermobifida Species Isolated from Different Niches. 27223892 6 88 theme linker 1116:1121 arg1 region 1123:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region 1082:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1082:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 27223892 10 89 theme KM 1814:1815 arg1 1/sec 1828:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec 1814:1832 KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number 1814:1851 The three endomannanases exhibited very similar kinetic performances on LBG-mannan substrate: 0.9-1.7mM of KM and 80-120 1/sec of turnover number. 27223892 1 90 theme inhabiting 171:180 arg1 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas 129:141 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 1 90 theme inhabiting 171:180 arg1 actinomycetes 182:194 thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes 147:194 thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems 147:255 Thermobifidas are thermotolerant, compost inhabiting actinomycetes which have complex polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme systems. 27223892 3 91 theme published 546:554 arg1 data 556:559 published data 546:559 published data on other hydrolases 546:579 To fill this gap we cloned and investigated endomannanases from those reference strains of the Thermobifida genus, which have published data on other hydrolases (T. fusca TM51, T. alba CECT3323, T. cellulosilytica TB100T and T. halotolerans YIM90462T). 27223892 7 92 theme interdomain 1250:1260 arg1 homology 1240:1247 high homology 1235:1247 high homology 1235:1247 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 7 92 theme interdomain 1250:1260 arg1 sequence 1262:1269 interdomain sequence 1250:1269 interdomain sequence 1250:1269 Their polypeptide chains exhibit high homology, interdomain sequence, which don't show homology to each other, but all of them are built up from 3-6 times repeated tetrapeptide motifs) (PTDP-Tc, TEEP-Tf, DPGT-Th). 27223892 4 93 theme fusca 811:815 arg1 species 817:823 the T. fusca species 804:823 the T. fusca species 804:823 Our phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and endomannanase sequences revealed that T. alba CECT3323 is miss-classified; it belongs to the T. fusca species. 27223892 6 94 with module 1054:1059 arg1 region 1123:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region 1082:1128 a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs 1082:1199 Their catalytic domains are extended by a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of type 2 with a 23-25 residues long interdomain linker region consisting of Pro, Thr and Glu/Asp rich repetitive tetrapeptide motifs. 25163669 3 0 theme % 600:600 arg1 CO2 602:604 0·04% CO2 596:604 ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air) 592:618 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 3 0 theme % 600:600 arg1 air 615:617 ambient air 607:617 ambient air 607:617 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 5 1 theme % 1036:1036 arg1 supply 1042:1047 2% CO2 supply 1035:1047 2% CO2 supply 1035:1047 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 7 2 theme CO2 1318:1320 arg1 effects 1307:1313 the effects 1303:1313 the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae 1303:1376 The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae. 25163669 11 3 theme acid 1860:1863 arg1 content 1865:1871 uronic acid content 1853:1871 uronic acid content 1853:1871 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 6 4 from sugars 1085:1090 arg1 walls 1104:1108 the cell walls 1095:1108 the cell walls 1095:1108 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 9 5 theme cell 1652:1655 arg1 walls 1657:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 9 5 theme cell 1652:1655 arg1 component 1618:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component 1578:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae 1578:1640 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 5 6 from percentage 908:917 arg1 complement 1008:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 0 7 theme Elevated 0:7 arg1 concentration 13:25 Elevated CO2 concentration 0:25 Elevated CO2 concentration 0:25 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 4 8 theme minutissima 730:740 arg1 UTEX 742:745 Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 720:750 Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 720:769 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 12 9 theme systems 1974:1980 arg1 management 1960:1969 the management 1956:1969 the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae 1956:2063 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 11 10 theme cell 1880:1883 arg1 walls 1885:1889 the cell walls 1876:1889 the cell walls of three strains of microalgae 1876:1920 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 1 11 theme starch 186:191 arg1 carbohydrates 214:226 starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates 186:226 carbohydrates 214:226 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 3 12 theme starch 627:632 arg1 content 634:640 starch content 627:640 starch content 627:640 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 5 13 theme higher 901:906 arg1 percentage 908:917 a higher percentage 899:917 a higher percentage of uronic acids 899:933 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 1 14 theme lipid 194:198 arg1 carbohydrates 214:226 starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates 186:226 carbohydrates 214:226 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 3 15 theme UTEX 663:666 arg1 2805 668:671 UTEX 2805 663:671 UTEX 2805 663:671 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 3 16 theme % 540:540 arg1 CO2 542:544 2% CO2 539:544 2% CO2 539:544 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 1 17 theme cell 204:207 arg1 carbohydrates 214:226 starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates 186:226 carbohydrates 214:226 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 4 18 theme % 765:765 arg1 CO2 767:769 2% CO2 764:769 2% CO2 764:769 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 11 19 theme CO2 1795:1797 arg1 level 1799:1803 CO2 level 1795:1803 CO2 level 1795:1803 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 1 20 from carbohydrates 214:226 arg1 biomass 242:248 microalgal biomass 231:248 microalgal biomass 231:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 3 21 theme air 553:555 arg1 supply 557:562 the air supply 549:562 the air supply 549:562 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 9 22 theme overlooked 1581:1590 arg1 walls 1657:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 9 22 theme overlooked 1581:1590 arg1 component 1618:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component 1578:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae 1578:1640 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 10 23 theme Cell 1664:1667 arg1 composition 1674:1684 Cell wall composition 1664:1684 Cell wall composition 1664:1684 Cell wall composition affects cell flocculation and the recovery of intracellular products. 25163669 1 24 theme concentration 145:157 arg1 effect 131:136 UNLABELLED The effect 116:136 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass 116:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 2 25 theme different 433:441 arg1 response 443:450 a different response 431:450 a different response to CO2 concentration 431:471 Each strain had a different response to CO2 concentration. 25163669 0 26 theme microalgae 81:90 arg1 composition 60:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition 35:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella 35:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 5 27 theme sugars 967:972 arg1 percentage 908:917 a higher percentage 899:917 a higher percentage of uronic acids 899:933 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 5 27 theme sugars 967:972 arg1 percentage 945:954 lower percentage 939:954 lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement 939:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 11 28 theme wall 1829:1832 arg1 polysaccharide 1834:1847 greater cell wall polysaccharide 1816:1847 greater cell wall polysaccharide 1816:1847 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 6 29 theme sugar 1187:1191 arg1 constituents 1193:1204 different neutral sugar constituents 1169:1204 different neutral sugar constituents 1169:1204 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 5 30 theme acids 929:933 arg1 percentage 908:917 a higher percentage 899:917 a higher percentage of uronic acids 899:933 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 5 30 theme acids 929:933 arg1 percentage 945:954 lower percentage 939:954 lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement 939:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 9 31 theme microalgae 1631:1640 arg1 walls 1657:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 9 31 theme microalgae 1631:1640 arg1 component 1618:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component 1578:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae 1578:1640 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 8 32 from reliance 1493:1500 arg1 fuels 1512:1516 fossil fuels 1505:1516 fossil fuels 1505:1516 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 0 33 theme Chlorella 105:113 arg1 microalgae 81:90 green microalgae 75:90 green microalgae of the genus Chlorella 75:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 5 34 theme lower 939:943 arg1 percentage 945:954 lower percentage 939:954 lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement 939:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 0 35 theme wall 40:43 arg1 composition 60:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition 35:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella 35:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 1 36 from effect 131:136 arg1 content 175:181 the relative content 162:181 the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass 162:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 8 37 dep food 1552:1555 arg1 production 1566:1575 production 1566:1575 production 1566:1575 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 5 38 from percentage 945:954 arg1 complement 1008:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 1 39 theme following 280:288 arg1 NC64A 407:411 NC64A 407:411 NC64A 407:411 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 39 theme following 280:288 arg1 C. minutissima 361:374 C. minutissima 361:374 C. minutissima 361:374 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 39 theme following 280:288 arg1 C. vulgaris 309:319 C. vulgaris 309:319 C. vulgaris 309:319 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 39 theme following 280:288 arg1 C. sorokiniana 333:346 C. sorokiniana 333:346 C. sorokiniana 333:346 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 39 theme following 280:288 arg1 strains 300:306 the four following Chlorella strains 271:306 the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A) 271:412 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 12 40 from microalgae 2054:2063 arg1 capture 1990:1996 the capture 1986:1996 the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae 1986:2063 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 4 41 theme lipid 692:696 arg1 unchanged 818:826 unchanged 818:826 unchanged 818:826 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 4 41 theme lipid 692:696 arg1 higher 710:715 higher 710:715 higher 710:715 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 4 41 theme lipid 692:696 arg1 content 698:704 The lipid content 688:704 The lipid content 688:704 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 0 42 theme cell 35:38 arg1 composition 60:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition 35:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella 35:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 5 43 contain have 894:897 arg2 percentage 908:917 a higher percentage 899:917 a higher percentage of uronic acids 899:933 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 5 43 contain have 894:897 arg2 percentage 945:954 lower percentage 939:954 lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement 939:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 5 43 contain have 894:897 arg1 strains 876:882 All four Chlorella strains 857:882 All four Chlorella strains 857:882 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 8 44 theme STUDY 1410:1414 arg1 Microalgae 1416:1425 THE STUDY Microalgae 1406:1425 THE STUDY Microalgae 1406:1425 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 10 45 theme cell 1694:1697 arg1 flocculation 1699:1710 cell flocculation 1694:1710 cell flocculation 1694:1710 Cell wall composition affects cell flocculation and the recovery of intracellular products. 25163669 6 46 theme CO2 1233:1235 arg1 conditions 1237:1246 both CO2 conditions 1228:1246 both CO2 conditions 1228:1246 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 5 47 theme wall 988:991 arg1 complement 1008:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 7 48 theme carbohydrate 1339:1350 arg1 composition 1352:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition 1325:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae 1325:1376 The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae. 25163669 6 49 theme sugars 1085:1090 arg1 percentage 1063:1072 the percentage 1059:1072 the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls 1059:1108 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 11 50 theme greater 1816:1822 arg1 polysaccharide 1834:1847 greater cell wall polysaccharide 1816:1847 greater cell wall polysaccharide 1816:1847 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 3 51 theme 0·04 596:599 arg1 % 600:600 % 600:600 % 600:600 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 1 52 theme wall 209:212 arg1 carbohydrates 214:226 starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates 186:226 carbohydrates 214:226 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 7 53 theme cell 1329:1332 arg1 composition 1352:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition 1325:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae 1325:1376 The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae. 25163669 3 54 theme ambient 607:613 arg1 CO2 602:604 0·04% CO2 596:604 ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air) 592:618 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 3 54 theme ambient 607:613 arg1 air 615:617 ambient air 607:617 ambient air 607:617 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 5 55 theme 2 1035:1035 arg1 % 1036:1036 % 1036:1036 % 1036:1036 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 6 56 theme neutral 1077:1083 arg1 sugars 1085:1090 neutral sugars 1077:1090 neutral sugars in the cell walls 1077:1108 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 6 57 theme cell 1099:1102 arg1 walls 1104:1108 the cell walls 1095:1108 the cell walls 1095:1108 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 11 58 theme uronic 1853:1858 arg1 content 1865:1871 uronic acid content 1853:1871 uronic acid content 1853:1871 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 5 59 theme CO2 1038:1040 arg1 supply 1042:1047 2% CO2 supply 1035:1047 2% CO2 supply 1035:1047 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 12 60 contain have 1935:1938 arg1 results 1927:1933 The results 1923:1933 The results 1923:1933 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 12 60 contain have 1935:1938 arg2 implications 1940:1951 implications 1940:1951 implications 1940:1951 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 3 61 theme starch 478:483 arg1 higher 497:502 higher 497:502 higher 497:502 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 3 61 theme starch 478:483 arg1 content 485:491 The starch content 474:491 The starch content 474:491 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 8 62 theme related 1541:1547 arg1 challenges 1530:1539 challenges 1530:1539 challenges related to food and feed production 1530:1575 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 1 63 theme relative 166:173 arg1 content 175:181 the relative content 162:181 the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass 162:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 0 64 theme polysaccharide 45:58 arg1 composition 60:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition 35:70 cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella 35:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 5 65 from complement 1008:1017 arg1 percentage 908:917 a higher percentage 899:917 a higher percentage of uronic acids 899:933 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 5 65 from complement 1008:1017 arg1 percentage 945:954 lower percentage 939:954 lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement 939:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 4 66 theme Chlorella 720:728 arg1 UTEX 742:745 Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 720:750 Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 720:769 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 2 67 contain had 427:429 arg1 strain 420:425 Each strain 415:425 Each strain 415:425 Each strain had a different response to CO2 concentration. 25163669 2 67 contain had 427:429 arg2 response 443:450 a different response 431:450 a different response to CO2 concentration 431:471 Each strain had a different response to CO2 concentration. 25163669 7 68 from effects 1307:1313 arg1 composition 1352:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition 1325:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae 1325:1376 The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae. 25163669 11 69 theme strains 1900:1906 arg1 walls 1885:1889 the cell walls 1876:1889 the cell walls of three strains of microalgae 1876:1920 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 1 70 from biomass 242:248 arg1 content 175:181 the relative content 162:181 the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass 162:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 3 71 theme 2 539:539 arg1 % 540:540 % 540:540 % 540:540 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 8 72 contain have 1427:1430 arg2 potential 1436:1444 the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production 1432:1575 the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production 1432:1575 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 8 72 contain have 1427:1430 arg1 IMPACT 1396:1401 IMPACT 1396:1401 IMPACT 1396:1401 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 8 72 contain have 1427:1430 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1379:1390 SIGNIFICANCE 1379:1390 SIGNIFICANCE 1379:1390 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 0 73 theme genus 99:103 arg1 Chlorella 105:113 the genus Chlorella 95:113 the genus Chlorella 95:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 5 74 theme uronic 922:927 arg1 acids 929:933 uronic acids 922:933 uronic acids 922:933 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 1 75 theme UNLABELLED 116:125 arg1 effect 131:136 UNLABELLED The effect 116:136 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass 116:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 4 76 theme 2 764:764 arg1 % 765:765 % 765:765 % 765:765 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 10 77 theme intracellular 1732:1744 arg1 products 1746:1753 intracellular products 1732:1753 intracellular products 1732:1753 Cell wall composition affects cell flocculation and the recovery of intracellular products. 25163669 6 78 theme CO2 1122:1124 arg1 concentration 1126:1138 CO2 concentration 1122:1138 CO2 concentration 1122:1138 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 11 79 theme cell 1824:1827 arg1 polysaccharide 1834:1847 greater cell wall polysaccharide 1816:1847 greater cell wall polysaccharide 1816:1847 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 11 80 theme microalgae 1911:1920 arg1 strains 1900:1906 three strains 1894:1906 three strains of microalgae 1894:1920 In this study, we show that increasing CO2 level results in greater cell wall polysaccharide and uronic acid content in the cell walls of three strains of microalgae. 25163669 6 81 from percentage 1063:1072 arg1 walls 1104:1108 the cell walls 1095:1108 the cell walls 1095:1108 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 0 82 theme green 75:79 arg1 microalgae 81:90 green microalgae 75:90 green microalgae of the genus Chlorella 75:113 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 10 83 theme wall 1669:1672 arg1 composition 1674:1684 Cell wall composition 1664:1684 Cell wall composition 1664:1684 Cell wall composition affects cell flocculation and the recovery of intracellular products. 25163669 1 84 theme CO2 141:143 arg1 concentration 145:157 CO2 concentration 141:157 CO2 concentration 141:157 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 5 85 theme neutral 959:965 arg1 sugars 967:972 neutral sugars 959:972 neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement 959:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 1 86 from content 175:181 arg1 biomass 242:248 microalgal biomass 231:248 microalgal biomass 231:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 9 87 theme relevant 1609:1616 arg1 walls 1657:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 their cell walls 1646:1661 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 9 87 theme relevant 1609:1616 arg1 component 1618:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component 1578:1626 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae 1578:1640 An overlooked yet industrially relevant component of microalgae are their cell walls. 25163669 6 88 theme constituents 1193:1204 arg1 proportions 1154:1164 the relative proportions 1141:1164 the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents 1141:1204 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 4 89 theme ambient 797:803 arg1 air 805:807 ambient air 797:807 ambient air 797:807 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 12 90 theme food 2044:2047 arg1 production 2009:2018 production 2009:2018 production of fuels, chemicals and food 2009:2047 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 12 90 theme food 2044:2047 arg1 CO2 2001:2003 CO2 2001:2003 CO2 2001:2003 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 6 91 theme neutral 1179:1185 arg1 constituents 1193:1204 different neutral sugar constituents 1169:1204 different neutral sugar constituents 1169:1204 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 2 92 theme CO2 455:457 arg1 concentration 459:471 CO2 concentration 455:471 CO2 concentration 455:471 Each strain had a different response to CO2 concentration. 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 C. minutissima 361:374 C. minutissima 361:374 C. minutissima 361:374 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 C. vulgaris 309:319 C. vulgaris 309:319 C. vulgaris 309:319 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 C. sorokiniana 333:346 C. sorokiniana 333:346 C. sorokiniana 333:346 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 NC64A 407:411 NC64A 407:411 NC64A 407:411 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 UTEX 349:352 UTEX 349:352 UTEX 349:352 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 UTEX 377:380 UTEX 377:380 UTEX 377:380 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 UTEX 322:325 UTEX 322:325 UTEX 322:325 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 93 dep strains 300:306 arg1 strains 300:306 the four following Chlorella strains 271:306 the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A) 271:412 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 0 94 theme CO2 9:11 arg1 concentration 13:25 Elevated CO2 concentration 0:25 Elevated CO2 concentration 0:25 Elevated CO2 concentration impacts cell wall polysaccharide composition of green microalgae of the genus Chlorella. 25163669 6 95 theme relative 1145:1152 arg1 proportions 1154:1164 the relative proportions 1141:1164 the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents 1141:1204 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 12 96 theme fuels 2023:2027 arg1 production 2009:2018 production 2009:2018 production of fuels, chemicals and food 2009:2047 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 12 96 theme fuels 2023:2027 arg1 CO2 2001:2003 CO2 2001:2003 CO2 2001:2003 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 3 97 dep CO2 602:604 arg1 ca. 592:594 ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air) 592:618 ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air) 592:618 The starch content was higher in UTEX259 and NC64A cultured with 2% CO2 in the air supply than in cells cultured with ca. 0·04% CO2 (ambient air), while starch content was not affected for UTEX 2805 and UTEX 2341. 25163669 12 98 theme chemicals 2030:2038 arg1 production 2009:2018 production 2009:2018 production of fuels, chemicals and food 2009:2047 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 12 98 theme chemicals 2030:2038 arg1 CO2 2001:2003 CO2 2001:2003 CO2 2001:2003 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 5 99 from sugars 967:972 arg1 complement 1008:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 1 100 theme Chlorella 290:298 arg1 NC64A 407:411 NC64A 407:411 NC64A 407:411 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 100 theme Chlorella 290:298 arg1 C. minutissima 361:374 C. minutissima 361:374 C. minutissima 361:374 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 100 theme Chlorella 290:298 arg1 C. vulgaris 309:319 C. vulgaris 309:319 C. vulgaris 309:319 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 100 theme Chlorella 290:298 arg1 C. sorokiniana 333:346 C. sorokiniana 333:346 C. sorokiniana 333:346 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 1 100 theme Chlorella 290:298 arg1 strains 300:306 the four following Chlorella strains 271:306 the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A) 271:412 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 4 101 theme other 836:840 arg1 strains 848:854 the other three strains 832:854 the other three strains 832:854 The lipid content was higher in Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 cultured in 2% CO2 than in cells cultured in ambient air, but was unchanged for the other three strains. 25163669 8 102 theme Microalgae 1416:1425 arg1 IMPACT 1396:1401 IMPACT 1396:1401 IMPACT 1396:1401 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 8 102 theme Microalgae 1416:1425 arg1 SIGNIFICANCE 1379:1390 SIGNIFICANCE 1379:1390 SIGNIFICANCE 1379:1390 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 12 103 theme CO2 2001:2003 arg1 capture 1990:1996 the capture 1986:1996 the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae 1986:2063 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 6 104 theme different 1169:1177 arg1 constituents 1193:1204 different neutral sugar constituents 1169:1204 different neutral sugar constituents 1169:1204 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 25163669 5 105 theme cell 983:986 arg1 complement 1008:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 7 106 theme microalgae 1367:1376 arg1 composition 1352:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition 1325:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae 1325:1376 The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae. 25163669 5 107 theme Chlorella 866:874 arg1 strains 876:882 All four Chlorella strains 857:882 All four Chlorella strains 857:882 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 10 108 theme products 1746:1753 arg1 flocculation 1699:1710 cell flocculation 1694:1710 cell flocculation 1694:1710 Cell wall composition affects cell flocculation and the recovery of intracellular products. 25163669 10 108 theme products 1746:1753 arg1 recovery 1720:1727 the recovery 1716:1727 the recovery of intracellular products 1716:1753 Cell wall composition affects cell flocculation and the recovery of intracellular products. 25163669 12 109 theme production 2009:2018 arg1 capture 1990:1996 the capture 1986:1996 the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae 1986:2063 The results have implications on the management of systems for the capture of CO2 and production of fuels, chemicals and food from microalgae. 25163669 5 110 theme polysaccharide 993:1006 arg1 complement 1008:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 their cell wall polysaccharide complement 977:1017 All four Chlorella strains tended to have a higher percentage of uronic acids and lower percentage of neutral sugars in their cell wall polysaccharide complement when grown with 2% CO2 supply. 25163669 8 111 theme fossil 1505:1510 arg1 fuels 1512:1516 fossil fuels 1505:1516 fossil fuels 1505:1516 SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microalgae have the potential to produce products that will reduce society's reliance on fossil fuels and address challenges related to food and feed production. 25163669 1 112 theme carbohydrates 214:226 arg1 content 175:181 the relative content 162:181 the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass 162:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 7 113 theme wall 1334:1337 arg1 composition 1352:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition 1325:1362 the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae 1325:1376 The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects of CO2 on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of microalgae. 25163669 1 114 theme microalgal 231:240 arg1 biomass 242:248 microalgal biomass 231:248 microalgal biomass 231:248 UNLABELLED The effect of CO2 concentration on the relative content of starch, lipid and cell wall carbohydrates in microalgal biomass was investigated for the four following Chlorella strains: C. vulgaris (UTEX 259), C. sorokiniana (UTEX 2805), C. minutissima (UTEX 2341) and C. variabilis (NC64A). 25163669 6 115 from walls 1104:1108 arg1 percentage 1063:1072 the percentage 1059:1072 the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls 1059:1108 Although the percentage of neutral sugars in the cell walls varied with CO2 concentration, the relative proportions of different neutral sugar constituents remained constant for both CO2 conditions. 29098336 0 0 theme interaction 108:118 arg1 spectrometry 147:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 7 1 theme resulting 1228:1236 arg1 subunits 1238:1245 The resulting subunits 1224:1245 The resulting subunits 1224:1245 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 12 2 theme UPLC-MS 1939:1945 arg1 analysis 1947:1954 HILIC UPLC-MS analysis 1933:1954 HILIC UPLC-MS analysis 1933:1954 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 3 3 theme molecules 522:530 arg1 action 506:511 action 506:511 action of these molecules 506:530 To elucidate the mechanism of action of these molecules, it is essential to quantify their disaccharide composition. 29098336 12 4 theme HILIC 1933:1937 arg1 analysis 1947:1954 HILIC UPLC-MS analysis 1933:1954 HILIC UPLC-MS analysis 1933:1954 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 11 5 theme pre-column 1855:1864 arg1 method 1866:1871 the pre-column method 1851:1871 the pre-column method 1851:1871 Some structural functional relationships are discussed demonstrating the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology. 29098336 0 6 theme hydrophilic 96:106 arg1 spectrometry 147:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 4 7 theme hydrophilic 909:919 arg1 nature 932:937 their hydrophilic and labile nature 903:937 their hydrophilic and labile nature 903:937 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 2 8 theme critical 369:376 arg1 role 378:381 a critical role 367:381 a critical role 367:381 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 6 9 theme Heparan 1034:1040 arg1 HS 1052:1053 HS 1052:1053 HS 1052:1053 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 6 9 theme Heparan 1034:1040 arg1 sulphate 1042:1049 Heparan sulphate 1034:1049 Heparan sulphate (HS) 1034:1054 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 11 10 theme method 1866:1871 arg1 viability 1838:1846 the viability 1834:1846 the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology 1834:1896 Some structural functional relationships are discussed demonstrating the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology. 29098336 0 11 theme chromatography 127:140 arg1 spectrometry 147:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 5 12 theme GAG 1007:1009 arg1 subunits 1024:1031 GAG disaccharide subunits 1007:1031 GAG disaccharide subunits 1007:1031 Here we report a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits. 29098336 10 13 theme significant 1650:1660 arg1 variation 1662:1670 a significant variation 1648:1670 a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc 1648:1762 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 0 14 theme liquid 120:125 arg1 spectrometry 147:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 10 15 from variation 1662:1670 arg1 composition 1681:1691 their composition 1675:1691 their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc 1675:1762 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 4 16 theme labile 925:930 arg1 nature 932:937 their hydrophilic and labile nature 903:937 their hydrophilic and labile nature 903:937 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 5 17 theme disaccharide 1011:1022 arg1 subunits 1024:1031 GAG disaccharide subunits 1007:1031 GAG disaccharide subunits 1007:1031 Here we report a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits. 29098336 4 18 theme derivatised 752:762 arg1 subunits 777:784 non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 724:784 non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 724:784 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 10 19 with composition 1681:1691 arg1 disaccharide 1716:1727 the most abundant disaccharide 1698:1727 the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc 1698:1762 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 6 20 theme weight 1119:1124 arg1 cutoff 1126:1131 molecular weight cutoff 1109:1131 molecular weight cutoff 1109:1131 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 4 21 dep non-derivatised 724:738 arg1 native 741:746 native 741:746 native 741:746 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 7 22 theme electrospray 1364:1375 arg1 ionisation 1377:1386 electrospray ionisation 1364:1386 electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode 1364:1416 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 2 23 theme cellular 402:409 arg1 invasion 466:473 invasion 466:473 invasion 466:473 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 23 theme cellular 402:409 arg1 differentiation 446:460 differentiation 446:460 differentiation 446:460 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 23 theme cellular 402:409 arg1 proliferation 431:443 proliferation 431:443 proliferation 431:443 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 23 theme cellular 402:409 arg1 processes 411:419 cellular processes 402:419 cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion 402:473 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 0 24 theme mass 142:145 arg1 spectrometry 147:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 96:158 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 6 25 theme heparinases 1197:1207 arg1 mixture 1186:1192 a mixture 1184:1192 a mixture of heparinases I, II and III 1184:1221 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 1 26 theme linear 203:208 arg1 heteropolysaccharides 210:230 linear heteropolysaccharides 203:230 linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells 203:341 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 10 27 theme HS 1585:1586 arg1 Analysis 1573:1580 Analysis 1573:1580 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study 1573:1637 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 11 28 theme GAG 1886:1888 arg1 biology 1890:1896 GAG biology 1886:1896 GAG biology 1886:1896 Some structural functional relationships are discussed demonstrating the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology. 29098336 8 29 theme HS 1425:1426 arg1 disaccharides 1428:1440 Eight HS disaccharides 1419:1440 Eight HS disaccharides 1419:1440 Eight HS disaccharides were separated and detected together with an internal standard. 29098336 7 30 theme hydrophilic 1299:1309 arg1 chromatography 1330:1343 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1299:1343 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1299:1343 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 1 31 theme heteropolysaccharides 210:230 arg1 Glycosaminoglycans 161:178 Glycosaminoglycans 161:178 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 161:185 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 1 31 theme heteropolysaccharides 210:230 arg1 family 193:198 a family 191:198 a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells 191:341 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 1 32 theme extracellular 306:318 arg1 matrix 320:325 extracellular matrix 306:325 extracellular matrix 306:325 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 11 33 theme functional 1781:1790 arg1 relationships 1792:1804 Some structural functional relationships 1765:1804 Some structural functional relationships 1765:1804 Some structural functional relationships are discussed demonstrating the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology. 29098336 10 34 theme non-sulphated 1739:1751 arg1 ∆UA-GlcNAc 1753:1762 the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc 1735:1762 the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc 1735:1762 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 4 35 theme subunits 777:784 arg1 detection 790:798 detection 790:798 detection 790:798 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 4 35 theme subunits 777:784 arg1 separation 710:719 separation 710:719 separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 710:784 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 2 36 theme wide 388:391 arg1 invasion 466:473 invasion 466:473 invasion 466:473 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 36 theme wide 388:391 arg1 differentiation 446:460 differentiation 446:460 differentiation 446:460 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 36 theme wide 388:391 arg1 proliferation 431:443 proliferation 431:443 proliferation 431:443 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 36 theme wide 388:391 arg1 range 393:397 a wide range 386:397 a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion 386:473 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 0 37 theme heparan 37:43 arg1 sulphate 45:52 procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate 12:52 procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate 12:52 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 6 38 theme molecular 1109:1117 arg1 cutoff 1126:1131 molecular weight cutoff 1109:1131 molecular weight cutoff 1109:1131 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 11 39 theme structural 1770:1779 arg1 relationships 1792:1804 Some structural functional relationships 1765:1804 Some structural functional relationships 1765:1804 Some structural functional relationships are discussed demonstrating the viability of the pre-column method for studying GAG biology. 29098336 3 40 theme disaccharide 567:578 arg1 composition 580:590 their disaccharide composition 561:590 their disaccharide composition 561:590 To elucidate the mechanism of action of these molecules, it is essential to quantify their disaccharide composition. 29098336 4 41 theme enzymatic 663:671 arg1 depolymerisation 673:688 either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation 644:688 either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature 644:937 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 0 42 theme procainamide-derivatised 12:35 arg1 sulphate 45:52 procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate 12:52 procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate 12:52 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 4 43 theme Analytical 593:602 arg1 methods 604:610 Analytical methods 593:610 Analytical methods that have been reported 593:634 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 5 44 theme subunits 1024:1031 arg1 quantification 989:1002 the quantification 985:1002 the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits 985:1031 Here we report a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits. 29098336 6 45 theme cutoff 1126:1131 arg1 combination 1094:1104 a combination 1092:1104 a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters 1092:1163 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 6 46 theme exchange 1143:1150 arg1 combination 1094:1104 a combination 1092:1104 a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters 1092:1163 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 10 47 theme cell 1607:1610 arg1 lines 1612:1616 all cell lines 1603:1616 all cell lines tested in this study 1603:1637 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 1 48 theme animal 330:335 arg1 cells 337:341 animal cells 330:341 animal cells 330:341 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 12 49 theme sulphate 1989:1996 arg1 analysis 1947:1954 HILIC UPLC-MS analysis 1933:1954 HILIC UPLC-MS analysis 1933:1954 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 12 49 theme sulphate 1989:1996 arg1 Extraction 1918:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction 1899:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction 1899:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 0 50 theme sulphate 45:52 arg1 Analysis 0:7 Analysis 0:7 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate 0:52 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 1 51 theme cells 337:341 arg1 surface 294:300 surface 294:300 surface 294:300 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 1 51 theme cells 337:341 arg1 matrix 320:325 extracellular matrix 306:325 extracellular matrix 306:325 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 12 52 theme heparan 1981:1987 arg1 sulphate 1989:1996 procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate 1959:1996 procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate 1959:1996 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 4 53 dep depolymerisation 673:688 arg1 challenging 884:894 challenging 884:894 is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature 881:937 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 12 54 theme Graphical 1899:1907 arg1 Extraction 1918:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction 1899:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction 1899:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 2 55 theme processes 411:419 arg1 invasion 466:473 invasion 466:473 invasion 466:473 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 55 theme processes 411:419 arg1 differentiation 446:460 differentiation 446:460 differentiation 446:460 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 55 theme processes 411:419 arg1 proliferation 431:443 proliferation 431:443 proliferation 431:443 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 2 55 theme processes 411:419 arg1 range 393:397 a wide range 386:397 a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion 386:473 They are known to play a critical role in a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and invasion. 29098336 0 56 theme biological 71:80 arg1 samples 82:88 biological samples 71:88 biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry 71:158 Analysis of procainamide-derivatised heparan sulphate disaccharides in biological samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. 29098336 6 57 theme cell 1075:1078 arg1 lines 1080:1084 cell lines 1075:1084 cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters 1075:1163 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 1 58 located found 281:285 arg2 units 266:270 disaccharide units 253:270 disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells 253:341 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 1 58 located found 281:285 arg1 surface 294:300 surface 294:300 surface 294:300 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 1 58 located found 281:285 arg1 matrix 320:325 extracellular matrix 306:325 extracellular matrix 306:325 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 7 59 theme interaction 1311:1321 arg1 chromatography 1330:1343 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1299:1343 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1299:1343 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 9 60 theme range 1552:1556 arg1 0.6-4.9 ng/mL 1558:1570 the range 0.6-4.9 ng/mL 1548:1570 the range 0.6-4.9 ng/mL 1548:1570 The limit of detection was found to be in the range 0.6-4.9 ng/mL. 29098336 12 61 theme procainamide-labelled 1959:1979 arg1 sulphate 1989:1996 procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate 1959:1996 procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate 1959:1996 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 1 62 dep surface 294:300 arg1 the 290:292 the 290:292 the 290:292 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 4 63 theme disaccharides 867:879 arg1 measurement 846:856 the measurement 842:856 the measurement of these disaccharides 842:879 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 5 64 theme pre-column 957:966 arg1 method 974:979 a pre-column LC-MS method 955:979 a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits 955:1031 Here we report a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits. 29098336 6 65 dep cutoff 1126:1131 arg1 filters 1157:1163 spin filters 1152:1163 spin filters 1152:1163 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 4 66 theme disaccharide 764:775 arg1 subunits 777:784 non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 724:784 non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 724:784 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 6 67 theme spin 1152:1155 arg1 filters 1157:1163 spin filters 1152:1163 spin filters 1152:1163 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 29098336 12 68 theme abstract 1909:1916 arg1 Extraction 1918:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction 1899:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction 1899:1927 Graphical abstract Extraction and HILIC UPLC-MS analysis of procainamide-labelled heparan sulphate disaccharides. 29098336 7 69 theme liquid 1323:1328 arg1 chromatography 1330:1343 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1299:1343 hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography 1299:1343 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 10 70 theme abundant 1707:1714 arg1 disaccharide 1716:1727 the most abundant disaccharide 1698:1727 the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc 1698:1762 Analysis of HS extracted from all cell lines tested in this study revealed a significant variation in their composition with the most abundant disaccharide being the non-sulphated ∆UA-GlcNAc. 29098336 3 71 theme action 506:511 arg1 mechanism 493:501 the mechanism 489:501 the mechanism of action of these molecules 489:530 To elucidate the mechanism of action of these molecules, it is essential to quantify their disaccharide composition. 29098336 5 72 theme LC-MS 968:972 arg1 method 974:979 a pre-column LC-MS method 955:979 a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits 955:1031 Here we report a pre-column LC-MS method for the quantification of GAG disaccharide subunits. 29098336 1 73 theme disaccharide 253:264 arg1 units 266:270 disaccharide units 253:270 disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells 253:341 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear heteropolysaccharides made up of repeating disaccharide units that are found on the surface and extracellular matrix of animal cells. 29098336 7 74 theme positive 1400:1407 arg1 mode 1413:1416 positive ion mode 1400:1416 positive ion mode 1400:1416 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 9 75 theme detection 1519:1527 arg1 limit 1510:1514 The limit 1506:1514 The limit of detection 1506:1527 The limit of detection was found to be in the range 0.6-4.9 ng/mL. 29098336 4 76 theme non-derivatised 724:738 arg1 subunits 777:784 non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 724:784 non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits 724:784 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 4 77 theme GAGs 693:696 arg1 depolymerisation 673:688 either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation 644:688 either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature 644:937 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 4 78 theme chemical 651:658 arg1 depolymerisation 673:688 either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation 644:688 either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature 644:937 Analytical methods that have been reported involve either chemical or enzymatic depolymerisation of GAGs followed by separation of non-derivatised (native) or derivatised disaccharide subunits and detection by either UV/fluorescence or MS. However, the measurement of these disaccharides is challenging due to their hydrophilic and labile nature. 29098336 7 79 theme ion 1409:1411 arg1 mode 1413:1416 positive ion mode 1400:1416 positive ion mode 1400:1416 The resulting subunits were derivatised with procainamide, separated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and detected using electrospray ionisation operated in positive ion mode. 29098336 6 80 theme anion 1137:1141 arg1 exchange 1143:1150 anion exchange 1137:1150 anion exchange 1137:1150 Heparan sulphate (HS) was extracted from cell lines using a combination of molecular weight cutoff and anion exchange spin filters and digested using a mixture of heparinases I, II and III. 28585252 0 0 theme Tempranillo 88:98 arg1 ageing 78:83 the ageing 74:83 the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines 74:126 Polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds change during the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines. 28585252 8 1 theme ageing 1199:1204 arg1 period 1206:1211 the ageing period 1195:1211 the ageing period 1195:1211 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 10 2 theme sensory 1528:1534 arg1 properties 1536:1545 the physico-chemical and sensory properties 1503:1545 properties 1536:1545 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 10 3 theme yeast 1429:1433 arg1 polysaccharides 1435:1449 yeast polysaccharides 1429:1449 yeast polysaccharides 1429:1449 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 1 4 theme traditional 168:178 arg1 Verdejo 140:146 Verdejo 140:146 Verdejo 140:146 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 1 4 theme traditional 168:178 arg1 Tempranillo 152:162 Tempranillo 152:162 Tempranillo 152:162 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 1 4 theme traditional 168:178 arg1 varieties 180:188 traditional varieties 168:188 traditional varieties for producing still wines 168:214 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 3 5 from study 404:408 arg1 changes 417:423 the changes 413:423 the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines 413:571 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 8 6 theme oligosaccharides 1066:1081 arg1 higher 1127:1132 higher 1127:1132 higher 1127:1132 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 8 6 theme oligosaccharides 1066:1081 arg1 contents 1037:1044 The contents 1033:1044 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound 1033:1106 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 6 7 theme yeast 852:856 arg1 polysaccharides 858:872 yeast polysaccharides 852:872 yeast polysaccharides 852:872 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 4 8 theme vinification 705:716 arg1 stages 718:723 all vinification stages 701:723 all vinification stages 701:723 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 0 9 theme Verdejo 104:110 arg1 ageing 78:83 the ageing 74:83 the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines 74:126 Polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds change during the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines. 28585252 8 10 theme compound 1099:1106 arg1 higher 1127:1132 higher 1127:1132 higher 1127:1132 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 8 10 theme compound 1099:1106 arg1 contents 1037:1044 The contents 1033:1044 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound 1033:1106 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 2 11 theme Sparkling 302:310 arg1 wines 312:316 Sparkling wines 302:316 Sparkling wines 302:316 Sparkling wines were elaborated by the traditional method, followed by ageing on lees for 9 months. 28585252 11 12 theme Chemical 1585:1592 arg1 Industry 1594:1601 Chemical Industry 1585:1601 Chemical Industry 1585:1601 © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. 28585252 8 13 theme period 1206:1211 arg1 end 1188:1190 the end 1184:1190 the end of the ageing period 1184:1211 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 8 14 theme nitrogenous 1087:1097 arg1 compound 1099:1106 nitrogenous compound 1087:1106 nitrogenous compound 1087:1106 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 3 15 from ageing 515:520 arg1 lees 525:528 lees 525:528 lees 525:528 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 6 16 theme grape 938:942 arg1 varieties 944:952 grape varieties 938:952 grape varieties 938:952 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 10 17 theme wines 1560:1564 arg1 properties 1536:1545 the physico-chemical and sensory properties 1503:1545 properties 1536:1545 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 10 18 theme cultivar 1393:1400 arg1 effect 1402:1407 a potential cultivar effect 1381:1407 a potential cultivar effect 1381:1407 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 4 19 theme major 669:673 arg1 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 594:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 19 theme major 669:673 arg1 carbohydrates 675:687 the major carbohydrates 665:687 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 665:723 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 0 20 theme sparkling 112:120 arg1 wines 122:126 sparkling wines 112:126 sparkling wines 112:126 Polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds change during the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines. 28585252 10 21 theme sparkling 1550:1558 arg1 wines 1560:1564 sparkling wines 1550:1564 sparkling wines 1550:1564 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 1 22 dep BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 Verdejo 140:146 Verdejo 140:146 Verdejo 140:146 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 1 22 dep BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 Tempranillo 152:162 Tempranillo 152:162 Tempranillo 152:162 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 1 22 dep BACKGROUND 129:138 arg1 varieties 180:188 traditional varieties 168:188 traditional varieties for producing still wines 168:214 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 7 23 theme biogenic 985:992 arg1 amines 994:999 biogenic amines 985:999 biogenic amines 985:999 A decrease in amino acids and biogenic amines was observed during the ageing. 28585252 0 24 dep Tempranillo 88:98 arg1 wines 122:126 sparkling wines 112:126 sparkling wines 112:126 Polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds change during the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines. 28585252 1 25 theme sparkling 285:293 arg1 wines 295:299 sparkling wines 285:299 sparkling wines 285:299 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 7 26 theme amino 969:973 arg1 acids 975:979 amino acids 969:979 amino acids 969:979 A decrease in amino acids and biogenic amines was observed during the ageing. 28585252 1 27 theme wines 295:299 arg1 manufacturing 268:280 the manufacturing 264:280 the manufacturing of sparkling wines 264:299 BACKGROUND Verdejo and Tempranillo are traditional varieties for producing still wines; however, they could provide an alternative for the manufacturing of sparkling wines. 28585252 10 28 theme physico-chemical 1507:1522 arg1 properties 1536:1545 the physico-chemical and sensory properties 1503:1545 properties 1536:1545 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 8 29 theme polysaccharides 1049:1063 arg1 higher 1127:1132 higher 1127:1132 higher 1127:1132 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 8 29 theme polysaccharides 1049:1063 arg1 contents 1037:1044 The contents 1033:1044 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound 1033:1106 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 7 30 from decrease 957:964 arg1 acids 975:979 amino acids 969:979 amino acids 969:979 A decrease in amino acids and biogenic amines was observed during the ageing. 28585252 7 30 from decrease 957:964 arg1 amines 994:999 biogenic amines 985:999 biogenic amines 985:999 A decrease in amino acids and biogenic amines was observed during the ageing. 28585252 10 31 theme PRAG 1477:1480 arg1 composition 1462:1472 the composition 1458:1472 the composition of PRAG 1458:1480 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 9 32 theme significant 1283:1293 arg1 markers 1305:1311 more significant autolysis markers 1278:1311 more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines 1278:1330 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 5 33 theme Yeast 726:730 arg1 polysaccharides 732:746 Yeast polysaccharides 726:746 Yeast polysaccharides 726:746 Yeast polysaccharides and glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides increased after 3 months of ageing. 28585252 4 34 dep RESULTS 594:600 arg1 oligosaccharides 643:658 oligosaccharides 643:658 oligosaccharides 643:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 34 dep RESULTS 594:600 arg1 residue 632:638 the glucose residue 620:638 the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 620:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 34 dep RESULTS 594:600 arg1 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 594:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 34 dep RESULTS 594:600 arg1 Mannoproteins 602:614 Mannoproteins 602:614 Mannoproteins 602:614 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 3 35 theme sparkling 557:565 arg1 wines 567:571 sparkling wines 557:571 sparkling wines 557:571 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 10 36 theme potential 1383:1391 arg1 effect 1402:1407 a potential cultivar effect 1381:1407 a potential cultivar effect 1381:1407 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 8 37 theme Verdejo 1157:1163 arg1 wines 1175:1179 Verdejo sparkling wines 1157:1179 Verdejo sparkling wines 1157:1179 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 6 38 theme structure 907:915 arg1 evolution 839:847 The evolution 835:847 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides 835:872 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 6 38 theme structure 907:915 arg1 different 922:930 different 922:930 different 922:930 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 6 38 theme structure 907:915 arg1 composition 882:892 the composition 878:892 the composition of PRAG-like structure 878:915 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 0 39 theme nitrogenous 38:48 arg1 compounds 50:58 nitrogenous compounds 38:58 nitrogenous compounds 38:58 Polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds change during the ageing of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines. 28585252 6 40 theme PRAG-like 897:905 arg1 structure 907:915 PRAG-like structure 897:915 PRAG-like structure 897:915 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 3 41 from place 435:439 arg1 oligosaccharides 461:476 oligosaccharides 461:476 oligosaccharides 461:476 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 3 41 from place 435:439 arg1 compounds 494:502 nitrogenous compounds 482:502 nitrogenous compounds 482:502 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 3 41 from place 435:439 arg1 polysaccharides 444:458 polysaccharides 444:458 polysaccharides 444:458 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 4 42 theme oligosaccharides 643:658 arg1 oligosaccharides 643:658 oligosaccharides 643:658 oligosaccharides 643:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 42 theme oligosaccharides 643:658 arg1 residue 632:638 the glucose residue 620:638 the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 620:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 42 theme oligosaccharides 643:658 arg1 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 594:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 42 theme oligosaccharides 643:658 arg1 Mannoproteins 602:614 Mannoproteins 602:614 Mannoproteins 602:614 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 5 43 theme ageing 827:832 arg1 months 817:822 3 months 815:822 3 months of ageing 815:832 Yeast polysaccharides and glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides increased after 3 months of ageing. 28585252 5 44 theme glucan-like 752:762 arg1 structures 764:773 glucan-like structures 752:773 glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides 752:797 Yeast polysaccharides and glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides increased after 3 months of ageing. 28585252 4 45 located detected 689:696 arg1 stages 718:723 all vinification stages 701:723 all vinification stages 701:723 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 45 located detected 689:696 arg2 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 594:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 45 located detected 689:696 arg2 carbohydrates 675:687 the major carbohydrates 665:687 the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages 665:723 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 3 46 theme nitrogenous 482:492 arg1 compounds 494:502 nitrogenous compounds 482:502 nitrogenous compounds 482:502 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 8 47 theme sparkling 1165:1173 arg1 wines 1175:1179 Verdejo sparkling wines 1157:1179 Verdejo sparkling wines 1157:1179 The contents of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compound were significantly higher in Tempranillo than in Verdejo sparkling wines at the end of the ageing period. 28585252 9 48 theme wines 1326:1330 arg1 markers 1305:1311 more significant autolysis markers 1278:1311 more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines 1278:1330 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 9 49 theme sparkling 1316:1324 arg1 wines 1326:1330 sparkling wines 1316:1330 sparkling wines 1316:1330 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 9 50 theme autolysis 1295:1303 arg1 markers 1305:1311 more significant autolysis markers 1278:1311 more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines 1278:1330 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 3 51 dep Tempranillo 533:543 arg1 wines 567:571 sparkling wines 557:571 sparkling wines 557:571 A study on the changes that take place in polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and nitrogenous compounds during the ageing on lees of Tempranillo and Verdejo sparkling wines has been undertaken. 28585252 10 52 theme polysaccharides 1435:1449 arg1 evolution 1416:1424 the evolution 1412:1424 the evolution of yeast polysaccharides 1412:1449 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 9 53 theme nitrogenous 1341:1351 arg1 compounds 1353:1361 the nitrogenous compounds 1337:1361 the nitrogenous compounds 1337:1361 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 2 54 dep elaborated 323:332 arg1 followed 361:368 followed 361:368 followed by ageing on lees for 9 months 361:399 Sparkling wines were elaborated by the traditional method, followed by ageing on lees for 9 months. 28585252 2 55 theme traditional 341:351 arg1 method 353:358 the traditional method 337:358 the traditional method 337:358 Sparkling wines were elaborated by the traditional method, followed by ageing on lees for 9 months. 28585252 5 56 theme oligosaccharides 782:797 arg1 polysaccharides 732:746 Yeast polysaccharides 726:746 Yeast polysaccharides 726:746 Yeast polysaccharides and glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides increased after 3 months of ageing. 28585252 5 56 theme oligosaccharides 782:797 arg1 structures 764:773 glucan-like structures 752:773 glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides 752:797 Yeast polysaccharides and glucan-like structures of the oligosaccharides increased after 3 months of ageing. 28585252 6 57 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 evolution 839:847 The evolution 835:847 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides 835:872 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 6 57 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 different 922:930 different 922:930 different 922:930 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 6 57 theme polysaccharides 858:872 arg1 composition 882:892 the composition 878:892 the composition of PRAG-like structure 878:915 The evolution of yeast polysaccharides and the composition of PRAG-like structure were different among grape varieties. 28585252 10 58 from effect 1402:1407 arg1 evolution 1416:1424 the evolution 1412:1424 the evolution of yeast polysaccharides 1412:1449 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 10 58 from effect 1402:1407 arg1 composition 1462:1472 the composition 1458:1472 the composition of PRAG 1458:1480 Our data suggest a potential cultivar effect on the evolution of yeast polysaccharides and on the composition of PRAG, which may influence the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sparkling wines. 28585252 4 59 theme glucose 624:630 arg1 oligosaccharides 643:658 oligosaccharides 643:658 oligosaccharides 643:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 59 theme glucose 624:630 arg1 residue 632:638 the glucose residue 620:638 the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 620:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 4 59 theme glucose 624:630 arg1 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS 594:600 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides 594:658 RESULTS Mannoproteins and the glucose residue of oligosaccharides were the major carbohydrates detected in all vinification stages. 28585252 9 60 theme CONCLUSION 1214:1223 arg1 Polysaccharides 1225:1239 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides 1214:1239 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides 1214:1239 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 9 61 from yeast 1267:1271 arg1 oligosaccharides 1245:1260 oligosaccharides 1245:1260 oligosaccharides 1245:1260 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28585252 9 61 from yeast 1267:1271 arg1 Polysaccharides 1225:1239 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides 1214:1239 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides 1214:1239 CONCLUSION Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from yeast were more significant autolysis markers of sparkling wines than the nitrogenous compounds. 28554636 1 0 theme surface 329:335 arg1 methodology 337:347 the response surface methodology 316:347 the response surface methodology 316:347 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 2 1 theme process 354:360 arg1 variables 362:370 The process variables 350:370 The process variables 350:370 The process variables were optimized by the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield. 28554636 6 2 contain has 972:974 arg2 degree 982:987 a low degree 976:987 a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity 976:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 6 2 contain has 972:974 arg1 pectin 922:927 The pectin 918:927 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) 918:970 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 6 3 theme OFI 951:953 arg1 UAEPC 965:969 UAEPC 965:969 UAEPC 965:969 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 6 3 theme OFI 951:953 arg1 cladodes 955:962 OFI cladodes 951:962 OFI cladodes (UAEPC) 951:970 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 0 4 theme mucilage 73:80 arg1 removal 82:88 mucilage removal 73:88 mucilage removal 73:88 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 6 5 theme content 1025:1031 arg1 degree 982:987 a low degree 976:987 a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity 976:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 6 6 theme uronic 1013:1018 arg1 content 1025:1031 high uronic acid content 1008:1031 high uronic acid content 1008:1031 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 5 7 dep UAE 758:760 arg1 present 762:768 present 762:768 present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process 762:827 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 3 8 theme temperature 538:548 arg1 70°C 550:553 temperature 70°C 538:553 temperature 70°C 538:553 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 6 9 theme good 1070:1073 arg1 activity 1088:1095 good anti-radical activity 1070:1095 good anti-radical activity 1070:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 0 10 from indica 51:56 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica 0:56 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 6 11 theme acid 1020:1023 arg1 content 1025:1031 high uronic acid content 1008:1031 high uronic acid content 1008:1031 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 6 12 theme important 1034:1042 arg1 properties 1055:1064 important functional properties 1034:1064 important functional properties 1034:1064 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 0 13 theme experimental 107:118 arg1 conditions 120:129 experimental conditions 107:129 experimental conditions 107:129 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 7 14 theme food 1170:1173 arg1 industry 1175:1182 food industry 1170:1182 food industry 1170:1182 These results are in favor of the use of UAEPC as potential additive in food industry. 28554636 6 15 theme low 978:980 arg1 degree 982:987 a low degree 976:987 a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity 976:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 6 16 theme esterification 992:1005 arg1 degree 982:987 a low degree 976:987 a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity 976:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 2 17 theme isovariant 394:403 arg1 design 423:428 the isovariant central composite design 390:428 the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield 390:476 The process variables were optimized by the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield. 28554636 2 18 theme pectin 454:459 arg1 yield 472:476 the pectin extraction yield 450:476 the pectin extraction yield 450:476 The process variables were optimized by the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield. 28554636 6 19 theme anti-radical 1075:1086 arg1 activity 1088:1095 good anti-radical activity 1070:1095 good anti-radical activity 1070:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 1 20 theme Ultrasonic 185:194 arg1 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 1 20 theme Ultrasonic 185:194 arg1 extraction 205:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction 185:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) 185:262 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 7 21 theme UAEPC 1139:1143 arg1 use 1132:1134 the use 1128:1134 the use of UAEPC as potential additive in food industry 1128:1182 These results are in favor of the use of UAEPC as potential additive in food industry. 28554636 6 22 theme high 1008:1011 arg1 content 1025:1031 high uronic acid content 1008:1031 high uronic acid content 1008:1031 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 1 23 theme assisted 196:203 arg1 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 1 23 theme assisted 196:203 arg1 extraction 205:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction 185:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) 185:262 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 0 24 theme Ultrasonic 0:9 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica 0:56 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 6 25 theme activity 1088:1095 arg1 degree 982:987 a low degree 976:987 a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity 976:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 4 26 theme extraction 665:674 arg1 performance 637:647 the performance 633:647 the performance of experimental extraction 633:674 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 26 theme extraction 665:674 arg1 % 691:691 18.14%±1.41% 680:691 18.14%±1.41% 680:691 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 0 27 theme pectin 25:30 arg1 extraction 11:20 Ultrasonic extraction 0:20 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica 0:56 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 7 28 from industry 1175:1182 arg1 additive 1158:1165 additive 1158:1165 additive 1158:1165 These results are in favor of the use of UAEPC as potential additive in food industry. 28554636 4 29 theme predicted 726:734 arg1 value 736:740 the predicted value 722:740 the predicted value (19.06%) 722:749 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 29 theme predicted 726:734 arg1 % 748:748 19.06% 743:748 19.06% 743:748 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 7 30 from additive 1158:1165 arg1 industry 1175:1182 food industry 1170:1182 food industry 1170:1182 These results are in favor of the use of UAEPC as potential additive in food industry. 28554636 5 31 theme promising 772:780 arg1 alternative 782:792 a promising alternative 770:792 a promising alternative to conventional extraction process 770:827 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 1 32 theme mucilage 279:286 arg1 removal 288:294 mucilage removal 279:294 mucilage removal 279:294 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 0 33 theme conditions 120:129 arg1 evaluation 135:144 evaluation 135:144 evaluation of chemical and functional properties 135:182 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 0 33 theme conditions 120:129 arg1 Optimization 91:102 Optimization 91:102 Optimization of experimental conditions 91:129 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 1 34 dep Opuntia 237:243 arg1 ficus 245:249 ficus 245:249 ficus 245:249 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 0 35 dep cladodes 58:65 arg1 evaluation 135:144 evaluation 135:144 evaluation of chemical and functional properties 135:182 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 0 35 dep cladodes 58:65 arg1 Optimization 91:102 Optimization 91:102 Optimization of experimental conditions 91:129 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 4 36 theme % 685:685 arg1 % 691:691 18.14%±1.41% 680:691 18.14%±1.41% 680:691 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 36 theme % 685:685 arg1 performance 637:647 the performance 633:647 the performance of experimental extraction 633:674 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 0 37 theme Opuntia 37:43 arg1 indica 51:56 Opuntia ficus indica 37:56 Opuntia ficus indica 37:56 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 1 38 from indica 251:256 arg1 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 1 38 from indica 251:256 arg1 extraction 205:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction 185:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) 185:262 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 5 39 theme conventional 797:808 arg1 process 821:827 conventional extraction process 797:827 conventional extraction process 797:827 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 3 40 theme ratio 586:590 arg1 30ml/g 592:597 the water-material ratio 30ml/g 567:597 the water-material ratio 30ml/g 567:597 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 2 41 theme composite 413:421 arg1 design 423:428 the isovariant central composite design 390:428 the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield 390:476 The process variables were optimized by the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield. 28554636 4 42 theme experimental 652:663 arg1 extraction 665:674 experimental extraction 652:674 experimental extraction 652:674 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 43 attach linked 712:717 arg2 performance 637:647 the performance 633:647 the performance of experimental extraction 633:674 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 43 attach linked 712:717 arg2 % 691:691 18.14%±1.41% 680:691 18.14%±1.41% 680:691 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 43 attach linked 712:717 arg1 value 736:740 the predicted value 722:740 the predicted value (19.06%) 722:749 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 4 43 attach linked 712:717 arg1 % 748:748 19.06% 743:748 19.06% 743:748 This condition was validated and the performance of experimental extraction was 18.14%±1.41%, which was closely linked to the predicted value (19.06%). 28554636 2 44 theme central 405:411 arg1 design 423:428 the isovariant central composite design 390:428 the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield 390:476 The process variables were optimized by the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield. 28554636 2 45 theme extraction 461:470 arg1 yield 472:476 the pectin extraction yield 450:476 the pectin extraction yield 450:476 The process variables were optimized by the isovariant central composite design in order to improve the pectin extraction yield. 28554636 5 46 theme high 843:846 arg1 efficiency 848:857 its high efficiency 839:857 its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures 839:915 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 0 47 theme ficus 45:49 arg1 indica 51:56 Opuntia ficus indica 37:56 Opuntia ficus indica 37:56 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 0 48 theme chemical 149:156 arg1 properties 173:182 chemical and functional properties 149:182 chemical and functional properties 149:182 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 3 49 theme water-material 571:584 arg1 30ml/g 592:597 the water-material ratio 30ml/g 567:597 the water-material ratio 30ml/g 567:597 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 6 50 theme properties 1055:1064 arg1 degree 982:987 a low degree 976:987 a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity 976:1095 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 0 51 theme properties 173:182 arg1 evaluation 135:144 evaluation 135:144 evaluation of chemical and functional properties 135:182 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 0 51 theme properties 173:182 arg1 Optimization 91:102 Optimization 91:102 Optimization of experimental conditions 91:129 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 5 52 theme less 881:884 arg1 time 886:889 less time 881:889 less time 881:889 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 5 53 theme lower 898:902 arg1 temperatures 904:915 lower temperatures 898:915 lower temperatures 898:915 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 1 54 theme pectin 225:230 arg1 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 UAE 217:219 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 1 54 theme pectin 225:230 arg1 extraction 205:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction 185:214 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) 185:262 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 0 55 theme functional 162:171 arg1 properties 173:182 chemical and functional properties 149:182 chemical and functional properties 149:182 Ultrasonic extraction of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica cladodes after mucilage removal: Optimization of experimental conditions and evaluation of chemical and functional properties. 28554636 3 56 theme optimum 483:489 arg1 condition 491:499 The optimum condition 479:499 The optimum condition obtained 479:508 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 3 56 theme optimum 483:489 arg1 70min 531:535 sonication time 70min 515:535 sonication time 70min 515:535 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 6 57 theme functional 1044:1053 arg1 properties 1055:1064 important functional properties 1034:1064 important functional properties 1034:1064 The pectin extracted by UAE from OFI cladodes (UAEPC) has a low degree of esterification, high uronic acid content, important functional properties and good anti-radical activity. 28554636 5 58 theme extraction 810:819 arg1 process 821:827 conventional extraction process 797:827 conventional extraction process 797:827 Thus, UAE present a promising alternative to conventional extraction process thanks to its high efficiency which was achieved in less time and at lower temperatures. 28554636 3 59 theme sonication 515:524 arg1 condition 491:499 The optimum condition 479:499 The optimum condition obtained 479:508 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 3 59 theme sonication 515:524 arg1 70min 531:535 sonication time 70min 515:535 sonication time 70min 515:535 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 1 60 theme Opuntia 237:243 arg1 OFI 259:261 OFI 259:261 OFI 259:261 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 1 60 theme Opuntia 237:243 arg1 indica 251:256 Opuntia ficus indica 237:256 Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) 237:262 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 1 61 theme response 320:327 arg1 methodology 337:347 the response surface methodology 316:347 the response surface methodology 316:347 Ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) of pectin from Opuntia ficus indica (OFI) cladodes after mucilage removal was attempted using the response surface methodology. 28554636 3 62 theme time 526:529 arg1 condition 491:499 The optimum condition 479:499 The optimum condition obtained 479:508 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 28554636 3 62 theme time 526:529 arg1 70min 531:535 sonication time 70min 515:535 sonication time 70min 515:535 The optimum condition obtained was: sonication time 70min, temperature 70°C, pH 1.5 and the water-material ratio 30ml/g. 26772917 8 0 theme superoxide 995:1004 arg1 radicals 1006:1013 superoxide radicals 995:1013 superoxide radicals 995:1013 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 9 1 theme HDF 1145:1147 arg1 proliferation 1150:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation 1120:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control 1120:1182 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 9 2 theme dermal 1126:1131 arg1 proliferation 1150:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation 1120:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control 1120:1182 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 0 3 theme Nitratireductor 81:95 arg1 sp 97:98 Nitratireductor sp 81:98 Nitratireductor sp 81:98 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 8 4 theme capacity 918:925 arg1 terms 891:895 terms 891:895 terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)) 891:1034 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 5 theme antioxidant 867:877 arg1 activity 879:886 antioxidant activity 867:886 antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)) 867:1034 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 6 from activity 879:886 arg1 terms 891:895 terms 891:895 terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)) 891:1034 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 6 7 theme functional 611:620 arg1 groups 622:627 functional groups 611:627 functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) 611:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 7 theme functional 611:620 arg1 sulfate 637:643 sulfate 637:643 sulfate (2.68%) 637:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 7 theme functional 611:620 arg1 proteins 674:681 proteins 674:681 proteins (0.65%) 674:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 7 theme functional 611:620 arg1 % 688:688 0.65% 684:688 0.65% 684:688 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 9 8 theme proliferative 1042:1054 arg1 activity 1056:1063 Cell proliferative activity 1037:1063 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS 1037:1074 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 3 9 theme gene 356:359 arg1 sequencing 361:370 rRNA gene sequencing 351:370 rRNA gene sequencing 351:370 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 9 10 theme human 1120:1124 arg1 proliferation 1150:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation 1120:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control 1120:1182 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 8 11 theme reducing 935:942 arg1 power 944:948 ferric reducing power 928:948 ferric reducing power 928:948 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 6 12 contain contained 539:547 arg2 carbohydrates 555:567 58.3% carbohydrates 549:567 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 549:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 12 contain contained 539:547 arg1 EPS 535:537 The purified EPS 522:537 The purified EPS 522:537 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 8 13 theme radicals 1006:1013 arg1 terms 891:895 terms 891:895 terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)) 891:1034 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 2 14 theme important 160:168 arg1 source 170:175 important source 160:175 important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications 160:229 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 2 14 theme important 160:168 arg1 Exopolysaccharides 110:127 Exopolysaccharides 110:127 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria 110:154 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 8 15 theme ferric 928:933 arg1 power 944:948 ferric reducing power 928:948 ferric reducing power 928:948 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 10 16 theme EPS 1290:1292 arg1 treatment 1294:1302 EPS treatment 1290:1302 EPS treatment 1290:1302 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 7 17 theme glucuronic 794:803 arg1 arabinose 766:774 arabinose 766:774 arabinose 766:774 Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). 26772917 7 17 theme glucuronic 794:803 arg1 acid 805:808 glucuronic acid 794:808 glucuronic acid 794:808 Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). 26772917 12 18 theme EPS 1448:1450 arg1 properties 1430:1439 These functional properties 1413:1439 These functional properties of the EPS 1413:1450 These functional properties of the EPS prospect its biotechnological applications. 26772917 9 19 theme fibroblast 1133:1142 arg1 proliferation 1150:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation 1120:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control 1120:1182 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 10 20 theme scratch 1271:1277 arg1 assay 1279:1283 in vitro scratch assay 1262:1283 in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment 1262:1302 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 10 21 located observed 1250:1257 arg1 assay 1279:1283 in vitro scratch assay 1262:1283 in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment 1262:1302 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 10 21 located observed 1250:1257 arg2 % 1221:1221 41% 1219:1221 41% 1219:1221 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 10 21 located observed 1250:1257 arg2 improvement 1206:1216 significant improvement 1194:1216 significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration 1194:1244 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 6 22 theme proteins 674:681 arg1 proteins 674:681 proteins 674:681 proteins (0.65%) 674:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 22 theme proteins 674:681 arg1 groups 622:627 functional groups 611:627 functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) 611:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 22 theme proteins 674:681 arg1 % 688:688 0.65% 684:688 0.65% 684:688 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 22 theme proteins 674:681 arg1 sugars 603:608 sugars 603:608 sugars 603:608 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 22 theme proteins 674:681 arg1 sulfate 637:643 sulfate 637:643 sulfate (2.68%) 637:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 22 theme proteins 674:681 arg1 amounts 663:669 trace amounts 657:669 trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 657:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 3 23 theme rRNA 351:354 arg1 sequencing 361:370 rRNA gene sequencing 351:370 rRNA gene sequencing 351:370 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 3 24 theme strain 264:269 arg1 PRIM-31 271:277 a strain PRIM-31 262:277 a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India 262:331 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 10 25 theme HDF 1227:1229 arg1 migration 1236:1244 HDF cell migration 1227:1244 HDF cell migration 1227:1244 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 8 26 theme μg 1025:1026 arg1 -1 1031:1032 -1 1031:1032 -1 1031:1032 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 26 theme μg 1025:1026 arg1 mL 1028:1029 IC50 340 μg mL 1016:1029 IC50 340 μg mL(-1) 1016:1033 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 5 27 theme optimum 495:501 arg1 conditions 510:519 optimum growth conditions 495:519 optimum growth conditions 495:519 The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. 26772917 7 28 theme EPS 716:718 arg1 weight 702:707 Molecular weight 692:707 Molecular weight of the EPS 692:718 Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). 26772917 10 29 dep in 1262:1263 arg1 vitro 1265:1269 vitro 1265:1269 vitro 1265:1269 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 3 30 theme India 327:331 arg1 coast 318:322 south west coast 307:322 south west coast of India 307:331 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 10 31 theme in 1262:1263 arg1 assay 1279:1283 in vitro scratch assay 1262:1283 in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment 1262:1302 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 6 32 with carbohydrates 555:567 arg1 acid 587:590 7.08% uronic acid 574:590 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 574:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 5 33 theme growth 503:508 arg1 conditions 510:519 optimum growth conditions 495:519 optimum growth conditions 495:519 The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. 26772917 0 34 theme Functional 0:9 arg1 properties 34:43 Functional and cell proliferative properties 0:43 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide 0:67 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 10 35 theme cell 1231:1234 arg1 migration 1236:1244 HDF cell migration 1227:1244 HDF cell migration 1227:1244 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 8 36 theme scavenging 951:960 arg1 terms 891:895 terms 891:895 terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)) 891:1034 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 37 theme antioxidant 906:916 arg1 capacity 918:925 total antioxidant capacity 900:925 total antioxidant capacity 900:925 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 5 38 theme L 479:479 arg1 EPS 485:487 650 mg L(-1) EPS 472:487 650 mg L(-1) EPS 472:487 The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. 26772917 0 39 theme proliferative 20:32 arg1 properties 34:43 Functional and cell proliferative properties 0:43 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide 0:67 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 11 40 theme glioblastoma 1360:1371 arg1 cells 1373:1377 glioblastoma cells 1360:1377 glioblastoma cells 1360:1377 The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). 26772917 8 41 theme total 900:904 arg1 capacity 918:925 total antioxidant capacity 900:925 total antioxidant capacity 900:925 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 3 42 theme Nitratireductor 375:389 arg1 sp 391:392 Nitratireductor sp 375:392 Nitratireductor sp 375:392 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 8 43 theme DPPH 965:968 arg1 capacity 918:925 total antioxidant capacity 900:925 total antioxidant capacity 900:925 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 43 theme DPPH 965:968 arg1 scavenging 951:960 scavenging 951:960 scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) 951:989 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 43 theme DPPH 965:968 arg1 power 944:948 ferric reducing power 928:948 ferric reducing power 928:948 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 43 theme DPPH 965:968 arg1 radicals 1006:1013 superoxide radicals 995:1013 superoxide radicals 995:1013 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 2 44 theme biomolecules 188:199 arg1 source 170:175 important source 160:175 important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications 160:229 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 2 44 theme biomolecules 188:199 arg1 Exopolysaccharides 110:127 Exopolysaccharides 110:127 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria 110:154 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 6 45 theme trace 657:661 arg1 sulfate 637:643 sulfate 637:643 sulfate (2.68%) 637:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 45 theme trace 657:661 arg1 proteins 674:681 proteins 674:681 proteins (0.65%) 674:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 45 theme trace 657:661 arg1 % 688:688 0.65% 684:688 0.65% 684:688 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 45 theme trace 657:661 arg1 amounts 663:669 trace amounts 657:669 trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 657:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 46 theme % 578:578 arg1 acid 587:590 7.08% uronic acid 574:590 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 574:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 7 47 theme monosaccharide 735:748 arg1 composition 750:760 monosaccharide composition 735:760 monosaccharide composition 735:760 Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). 26772917 2 48 theme natural 180:186 arg1 biomolecules 188:199 natural biomolecules 180:199 natural biomolecules 180:199 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 12 49 theme functional 1419:1428 arg1 properties 1430:1439 These functional properties 1413:1439 These functional properties of the EPS 1413:1450 These functional properties of the EPS prospect its biotechnological applications. 26772917 6 50 theme 7.08 574:577 arg1 % 578:578 % 578:578 % 578:578 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 8 51 theme IC50 971:974 arg1 mL 983:984 IC50 390 μg mL 971:984 IC50 390 μg mL(-1) 971:988 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 51 theme IC50 971:974 arg1 -1 986:987 -1 986:987 -1 986:987 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 52 dep capacity 918:925 arg1 -1 1031:1032 -1 1031:1032 -1 1031:1032 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 52 dep capacity 918:925 arg1 mL 1028:1029 IC50 340 μg mL 1016:1029 IC50 340 μg mL(-1) 1016:1033 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 53 theme IC50 1016:1019 arg1 -1 1031:1032 -1 1031:1032 -1 1031:1032 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 53 theme IC50 1016:1019 arg1 mL 1028:1029 IC50 340 μg mL 1016:1029 IC50 340 μg mL(-1) 1016:1033 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 0 54 theme exopolysaccharide 51:67 arg1 properties 34:43 Functional and cell proliferative properties 0:43 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide 0:67 Functional and cell proliferative properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 6 55 theme purified 526:533 arg1 EPS 535:537 The purified EPS 522:537 The purified EPS 522:537 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 3 56 theme west 313:316 arg1 coast 318:322 south west coast 307:322 south west coast of India 307:331 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 11 57 theme μg 1402:1403 arg1 -1 1408:1409 -1 1408:1409 -1 1408:1409 The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). 26772917 11 57 theme μg 1402:1403 arg1 mL 1405:1406 234.04 μg mL 1395:1406 234.04 μg mL(-1) 1395:1410 The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). 26772917 10 58 from improvement 1206:1216 arg1 migration 1236:1244 HDF cell migration 1227:1244 HDF cell migration 1227:1244 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 8 59 dep DPPH 965:968 arg1 mL 983:984 IC50 390 μg mL 971:984 IC50 390 μg mL(-1) 971:988 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 59 dep DPPH 965:968 arg1 -1 986:987 -1 986:987 -1 986:987 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 3 60 attach isolated 279:286 arg2 PRIM-31 271:277 a strain PRIM-31 262:277 a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India 262:331 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 3 60 attach isolated 279:286 arg1 seawater 293:300 seawater 293:300 seawater 293:300 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 3 60 attach isolated 279:286 arg1 coast 318:322 south west coast 307:322 south west coast of India 307:331 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 8 61 theme μg 980:981 arg1 mL 983:984 IC50 390 μg mL 971:984 IC50 390 μg mL(-1) 971:988 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 8 61 theme μg 980:981 arg1 -1 986:987 -1 986:987 -1 986:987 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 9 62 theme EPS 1072:1074 arg1 activity 1056:1063 Cell proliferative activity 1037:1063 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS 1037:1074 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 8 63 theme power 944:948 arg1 terms 891:895 terms 891:895 terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)) 891:1034 The EPS displayed antioxidant activity in terms of total antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing power, scavenging of DPPH (IC50 390 μg mL(-1)) and superoxide radicals (IC50 340 μg mL(-1)). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg2 sugars 603:608 sugars 603:608 sugars 603:608 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg2 sulfate 637:643 sulfate 637:643 sulfate (2.68%) 637:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg2 % 688:688 0.65% 684:688 0.65% 684:688 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg2 amounts 663:669 trace amounts 657:669 trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 657:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg1 acid 587:590 7.08% uronic acid 574:590 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 574:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg2 proteins 674:681 proteins 674:681 proteins (0.65%) 674:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 6 64 contain containing 592:601 arg2 groups 622:627 functional groups 611:627 functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) 611:651 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 2 65 with source 170:175 arg1 applications 218:229 therapeutic applications 206:229 therapeutic applications 206:229 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 10 66 theme significant 1194:1204 arg1 improvement 1206:1216 significant improvement 1194:1216 significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration 1194:1244 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 10 66 theme significant 1194:1204 arg1 % 1221:1221 41% 1219:1221 41% 1219:1221 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 9 67 theme Cell 1037:1040 arg1 activity 1056:1063 Cell proliferative activity 1037:1063 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS 1037:1074 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 4 68 theme biotechnological 420:435 arg1 applications 437:448 its biotechnological applications 416:448 its biotechnological applications 416:448 was investigated for its biotechnological applications. 26772917 10 69 with assay 1279:1283 arg1 treatment 1294:1302 EPS treatment 1290:1302 EPS treatment 1290:1302 Further, significant improvement (41%) in HDF cell migration was observed in in vitro scratch assay with EPS treatment. 26772917 9 70 from improvement 1105:1115 arg1 proliferation 1150:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation 1120:1162 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control 1120:1182 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 3 71 theme south 307:311 arg1 coast 318:322 south west coast 307:322 south west coast of India 307:331 In this study EPS produced by a strain PRIM-31 isolated from seawater from south west coast of India identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Nitratireductor sp. 26772917 2 72 theme therapeutic 206:216 arg1 applications 218:229 therapeutic applications 206:229 therapeutic applications 206:229 Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacteria are important source of natural biomolecules with therapeutic applications. 26772917 6 73 theme % 553:553 arg1 carbohydrates 555:567 58.3% carbohydrates 549:567 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 549:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 5 74 theme mg 476:477 arg1 -1 481:482 -1 481:482 -1 481:482 The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. 26772917 5 74 theme mg 476:477 arg1 L 479:479 650 mg L 472:479 650 mg L(-1) EPS 472:487 The isolate produced 650 mg L(-1) EPS under optimum growth conditions. 26772917 7 75 theme Molecular 692:700 arg1 weight 702:707 Molecular weight 692:707 Molecular weight of the EPS 692:718 Molecular weight of the EPS was 90 kDa and monosaccharide composition was arabinose, glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid and galactose (6.6: 3.5: 2.1: 1.3: 1). 26772917 6 76 theme 58.3 549:552 arg1 % 553:553 % 553:553 % 553:553 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 9 77 theme significant 1093:1103 arg1 improvement 1105:1115 significant improvement 1093:1115 significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control 1093:1182 Cell proliferative activity of the EPS was evidenced by significant improvement in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) proliferation compared to control. 26772917 6 78 theme uronic 580:585 arg1 acid 587:590 7.08% uronic acid 574:590 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%) 574:689 The purified EPS contained 58.3% carbohydrates with 7.08% uronic acid containing sugars, functional groups such as sulfate (2.68%) and trace amounts of proteins (0.65%). 26772917 11 79 theme mL 1405:1406 arg1 IC50 1387:1390 an IC50 1384:1390 an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1) 1384:1410 The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). 26772917 12 80 theme biotechnological 1465:1480 arg1 applications 1482:1493 its biotechnological applications 1461:1493 its biotechnological applications 1461:1493 These functional properties of the EPS prospect its biotechnological applications. 26772917 11 81 theme antiproliferative 1325:1341 arg1 activity 1343:1350 antiproliferative activity 1325:1350 antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells 1325:1377 The EPS also showed antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma cells with an IC50 of 234.04 μg mL(-1). 24425297 6 0 theme chromatography 541:554 arg1 results 501:507 The results 497:507 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 497:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 8 1 theme 1.4095 1007:1012 arg1 mg 1014:1015 mg 1014:1015 mg 1014:1015 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 8 2 theme Sorption 950:957 arg1 experiments 959:969 Sorption experiments 950:969 Sorption experiments 950:969 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 11 3 theme metals 1437:1442 arg1 kinetics 1412:1419 the biosorption kinetics 1396:1419 the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals 1396:1442 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could depict the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals. 24425297 6 4 theme gas 537:539 arg1 chromatography 541:554 gas chromatography 537:554 gas chromatography 537:554 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 0 5 from characterization 11:26 arg1 sp 85:86 Anoxybacillus sp 71:86 Anoxybacillus sp 71:86 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 10 6 theme Langmuir 1316:1323 arg1 model 1325:1329 Langmuir model 1316:1329 Langmuir model 1316:1329 Freundlich model provided the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data, while Langmuir model did to Cd(II). 24425297 12 7 theme potential 1467:1475 arg1 EPS-II 1449:1454 The EPS-II 1445:1454 The EPS-II 1445:1454 The EPS-II would be a potential candidate in the exopolysaccharide bioresource. 24425297 12 7 theme potential 1467:1475 arg1 candidate 1477:1485 a potential candidate 1465:1485 a potential candidate in the exopolysaccharide bioresource 1465:1522 The EPS-II would be a potential candidate in the exopolysaccharide bioresource. 24425297 12 8 from candidate 1477:1485 arg1 bioresource 1512:1522 the exopolysaccharide bioresource 1490:1522 the exopolysaccharide bioresource 1490:1522 The EPS-II would be a potential candidate in the exopolysaccharide bioresource. 24425297 4 9 theme culture 398:404 arg1 medium 406:411 the culture medium 394:411 the culture medium of strain Anoxybacillus sp 394:438 We purified the EPS-II from the culture medium of strain Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 7 10 theme Zn 909:910 arg1 process 898:904 the biosorption process 882:904 the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution 882:947 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 8 11 from pH 1057:1058 arg1 gram 1042:1045 gram EPS-II 1042:1052 gram EPS-II at pH 6.0 1042:1062 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 6 12 theme hydrolysis 525:534 arg1 results 501:507 The results 497:507 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 497:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 8 13 theme mg 1014:1015 arg1 Cd 1017:1018 1.4095 mg Cd 1007:1018 1.4095 mg Cd 1007:1018 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 4 14 theme strain 416:421 arg1 sp 437:438 strain Anoxybacillus sp 416:438 strain Anoxybacillus sp 416:438 We purified the EPS-II from the culture medium of strain Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 11 15 theme Pseudo-second-order 1346:1364 arg1 equation 1374:1381 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 1346:1381 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 1346:1381 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could depict the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals. 24425297 7 16 theme biosorption 886:896 arg1 process 898:904 the biosorption process 882:904 the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution 882:947 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 6 17 theme acid 520:523 arg1 hydrolysis 525:534 partial acid hydrolysis 512:534 partial acid hydrolysis 512:534 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 2 18 theme biosorption 173:183 arg1 behaviors 185:193 biosorption behaviors 173:193 biosorption behaviors 173:193 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 8 19 theme 1.9783 986:991 arg1 mg 993:994 mg 993:994 mg 993:994 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 6 20 from composition 731:741 arg1 proportions 759:769 the relative proportions 746:769 the relative proportions 1:0.45 746:776 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 6 21 theme monosaccharide 716:729 arg1 composition 731:741 its principal monosaccharide composition 702:741 its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45 702:776 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 6 22 theme partial 512:518 arg1 hydrolysis 525:534 partial acid hydrolysis 512:534 partial acid hydrolysis 512:534 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 6 23 theme nuclear 580:586 arg1 resonance 597:605 nuclear magnetic resonance 580:605 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 580:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 6 24 theme analysis 607:614 arg1 results 501:507 The results 497:507 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 497:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 6 25 theme principal 706:714 arg1 composition 731:741 its principal monosaccharide composition 702:741 its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45 702:776 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 9 26 dep models 1180:1185 arg1 models 1180:1185 two kinetics models 1167:1185 two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) 1167:1230 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 26 dep models 1180:1185 arg1 order 1201:1205 pseudo-first order 1188:1205 pseudo-first order 1188:1205 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 26 dep models 1180:1185 arg1 order 1225:1229 pseudo-second order 1211:1229 pseudo-second order 1211:1229 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 7 27 theme aqueous 932:938 arg1 solution 940:947 aqueous solution 932:947 aqueous solution 932:947 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 11 28 theme biosorption 1400:1410 arg1 kinetics 1412:1419 the biosorption kinetics 1396:1419 the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals 1396:1442 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could depict the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals. 24425297 10 29 theme better 1263:1268 arg1 correlation 1270:1280 the better correlation 1259:1280 the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data 1259:1307 Freundlich model provided the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data, while Langmuir model did to Cd(II). 24425297 0 30 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 11 31 theme kinetic 1366:1372 arg1 equation 1374:1381 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 1346:1381 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation 1346:1381 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could depict the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals. 24425297 1 32 theme radioactive 109:119 arg1 spring 131:136 radioactive radon hot spring 109:136 radioactive radon hot spring 109:136 R4-33 isolated from radioactive radon hot spring. 24425297 9 33 dep models 1130:1135 arg1 models 1130:1135 two isotherm models 1117:1135 two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) 1117:1161 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 33 dep models 1130:1135 arg1 Freundlich 1151:1160 Freundlich 1151:1160 Freundlich 1151:1160 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 33 dep models 1130:1135 arg1 Langmuir 1138:1145 Langmuir 1138:1145 Langmuir 1138:1145 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 6 34 theme resonance 597:605 arg1 analysis 607:614 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 580:614 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 580:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 2 35 dep characteristics 153:167 arg1 The 139:141 The 139:141 The 139:141 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 10 36 theme data 1304:1307 arg1 correlation 1270:1280 the better correlation 1259:1280 the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data 1259:1307 Freundlich model provided the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data, while Langmuir model did to Cd(II). 24425297 1 37 theme radon 121:125 arg1 spring 131:136 radioactive radon hot spring 109:136 radioactive radon hot spring 109:136 R4-33 isolated from radioactive radon hot spring. 24425297 5 38 theme Sephadex 474:481 arg1 column 489:494 a DEAE Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column 453:494 column 489:494 R4-33 using a DEAE Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column. 24425297 6 39 theme magnetic 588:595 arg1 resonance 597:605 nuclear magnetic resonance 580:605 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 580:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 1 40 theme hot 127:129 arg1 spring 131:136 radioactive radon hot spring 109:136 radioactive radon hot spring 109:136 R4-33 isolated from radioactive radon hot spring. 24425297 5 41 theme G-200 483:487 arg1 column 489:494 a DEAE Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column 453:494 column 489:494 R4-33 using a DEAE Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column. 24425297 9 42 theme pseudo-second 1211:1223 arg1 models 1180:1185 two kinetics models 1167:1185 two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) 1167:1230 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 42 theme pseudo-second 1211:1223 arg1 order 1225:1229 pseudo-second order 1211:1229 pseudo-second order 1211:1229 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 0 43 theme exopolysaccharides 47:64 arg1 biosorption 32:42 biosorption 32:42 biosorption 32:42 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 0 43 theme exopolysaccharides 47:64 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 7 44 theme process 898:904 arg1 equilibrium 851:861 equilibrium 851:861 equilibrium 851:861 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 7 44 theme process 898:904 arg1 mechanisms 868:877 mechanisms 868:877 mechanisms 868:877 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 7 44 theme process 898:904 arg1 kinetics 841:848 kinetics 841:848 kinetics 841:848 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 2 45 theme metals 204:209 arg1 characteristics 153:167 structure characteristics 143:167 structure characteristics 143:167 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 2 45 theme metals 204:209 arg1 behaviors 185:193 biosorption behaviors 173:193 biosorption behaviors 173:193 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 10 46 theme Freundlich 1233:1242 arg1 model 1244:1248 Freundlich model 1233:1248 Freundlich model 1233:1248 Freundlich model provided the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data, while Langmuir model did to Cd(II). 24425297 9 47 theme equilibrium 1083:1093 arg1 data 1095:1098 The equilibrium data 1079:1098 The equilibrium data 1079:1098 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 2 48 from characteristics 153:167 arg1 exopolysaccharide 222:238 a novel exopolysaccharide 214:238 a novel exopolysaccharide 214:238 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 8 49 theme mg 993:994 arg1 II 1020:1021 II 1020:1021 II 1020:1021 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 8 49 theme mg 993:994 arg1 II 999:1000 II 999:1000 II 999:1000 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 8 49 theme mg 993:994 arg1 Zn 996:997 1.9783 mg Zn 986:997 1.9783 mg Zn(II) 986:1001 Sorption experiments confirmed that 1.9783 mg Zn(II) and 1.4095 mg Cd(II) were adsorbed per gram EPS-II at pH 6.0, respectively. 24425297 2 50 theme heavy 198:202 arg1 metals 204:209 heavy metals 198:209 heavy metals 198:209 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 10 51 theme Zn 1285:1286 arg1 data 1304:1307 Zn(II) biosorption data 1285:1307 Zn(II) biosorption data 1285:1307 Freundlich model provided the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data, while Langmuir model did to Cd(II). 24425297 2 52 from behaviors 185:193 arg1 exopolysaccharide 222:238 a novel exopolysaccharide 214:238 a novel exopolysaccharide 214:238 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 3 53 attach isolated 304:311 arg2 R4-33 298:302 R4-33 298:302 R4-33 298:302 R4-33 isolated from a radon hot spring in China, were investigated. 24425297 3 53 attach isolated 304:311 arg1 spring 330:335 a radon hot spring 318:335 a radon hot spring in China 318:344 R4-33 isolated from a radon hot spring in China, were investigated. 24425297 3 54 theme hot 326:328 arg1 spring 330:335 a radon hot spring 318:335 a radon hot spring in China 318:344 R4-33 isolated from a radon hot spring in China, were investigated. 24425297 0 55 from sp 85:86 arg1 exopolysaccharides 47:64 exopolysaccharides 47:64 exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp 47:86 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 0 55 from sp 85:86 arg1 biosorption 32:42 biosorption 32:42 biosorption 32:42 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 0 55 from sp 85:86 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 6 56 theme spectrum 566:573 arg1 results 501:507 The results 497:507 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis 497:614 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 2 57 theme structure 143:151 arg1 characteristics 153:167 structure characteristics 143:167 structure characteristics 143:167 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 4 58 theme sp 437:438 arg1 medium 406:411 the culture medium 394:411 the culture medium of strain Anoxybacillus sp 394:438 We purified the EPS-II from the culture medium of strain Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 9 59 theme pseudo-first 1188:1199 arg1 models 1180:1185 two kinetics models 1167:1185 two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) 1167:1230 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 59 theme pseudo-first 1188:1199 arg1 order 1201:1205 pseudo-first order 1188:1205 pseudo-first order 1188:1205 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 60 theme kinetics 1171:1178 arg1 models 1180:1185 two kinetics models 1167:1185 two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order) 1167:1230 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 60 theme kinetics 1171:1178 arg1 order 1201:1205 pseudo-first order 1188:1205 pseudo-first order 1188:1205 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 60 theme kinetics 1171:1178 arg1 order 1225:1229 pseudo-second order 1211:1229 pseudo-second order 1211:1229 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 7 61 theme Cd 920:921 arg1 process 898:904 the biosorption process 882:904 the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution 882:947 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 12 62 theme exopolysaccharide 1494:1510 arg1 bioresource 1512:1522 the exopolysaccharide bioresource 1490:1522 the exopolysaccharide bioresource 1490:1522 The EPS-II would be a potential candidate in the exopolysaccharide bioresource. 24425297 4 63 theme Anoxybacillus 423:435 arg1 sp 437:438 strain Anoxybacillus sp 416:438 strain Anoxybacillus sp 416:438 We purified the EPS-II from the culture medium of strain Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 9 64 theme isotherm 1121:1128 arg1 models 1130:1135 two isotherm models 1117:1135 two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) 1117:1161 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 64 theme isotherm 1121:1128 arg1 Freundlich 1151:1160 Freundlich 1151:1160 Freundlich 1151:1160 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 9 64 theme isotherm 1121:1128 arg1 Langmuir 1138:1145 Langmuir 1138:1145 Langmuir 1138:1145 The equilibrium data was described by two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) and two kinetics models (pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order). 24425297 7 65 theme Batch 779:783 arg1 processes 796:804 Batch adsorption processes 779:804 Batch adsorption processes 779:804 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 3 66 theme radon 320:324 arg1 spring 330:335 a radon hot spring 318:335 a radon hot spring in China 318:344 R4-33 isolated from a radon hot spring in China, were investigated. 24425297 2 67 theme novel 216:220 arg1 exopolysaccharide 222:238 a novel exopolysaccharide 214:238 a novel exopolysaccharide 214:238 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 2 68 theme Anoxybacillus 280:292 arg1 sp 294:295 the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp 263:295 the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp 263:295 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 10 69 theme biosorption 1292:1302 arg1 data 1304:1307 Zn(II) biosorption data 1285:1307 Zn(II) biosorption data 1285:1307 Freundlich model provided the better correlation of Zn(II) biosorption data, while Langmuir model did to Cd(II). 24425297 5 70 theme DEAE 455:458 arg1 Sepharose 460:468 a DEAE Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column 453:494 Sepharose 460:468 R4-33 using a DEAE Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column. 24425297 7 71 theme adsorption 785:794 arg1 processes 796:804 Batch adsorption processes 779:804 Batch adsorption processes 779:804 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 6 72 theme infrared 557:564 arg1 spectrum 566:573 infrared spectrum 557:573 infrared spectrum 557:573 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 11 73 theme tested 1424:1429 arg1 metals 1437:1442 tested heavy metals 1424:1442 tested heavy metals 1424:1442 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could depict the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals. 24425297 2 74 theme thermophilic 267:278 arg1 sp 294:295 the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp 263:295 the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp 263:295 The structure characteristics and biosorption behaviors of heavy metals on a novel exopolysaccharide, which was secreted by the thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 6 75 theme relative 750:757 arg1 proportions 759:769 the relative proportions 746:769 the relative proportions 1:0.45 746:776 The results of partial acid hydrolysis, gas chromatography, infrared spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that EPS-II was a heteropolysaccharide, composed of D-mannose and D-glucose as its principal monosaccharide composition in the relative proportions 1:0.45. 24425297 7 76 from solution 940:947 arg1 II 923:924 II 923:924 II 923:924 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 7 76 from solution 940:947 arg1 II 912:913 II 912:913 II 912:913 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 7 76 from solution 940:947 arg1 Cd 920:921 Cd 920:921 Cd 920:921 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 7 76 from solution 940:947 arg1 Zn 909:910 Zn 909:910 Zn(II) 909:914 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 7 76 from solution 940:947 arg1 process 898:904 the biosorption process 882:904 the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution 882:947 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 0 77 theme Anoxybacillus 71:83 arg1 sp 85:86 Anoxybacillus sp 71:86 Anoxybacillus sp 71:86 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 0 78 from biosorption 32:42 arg1 sp 85:86 Anoxybacillus sp 71:86 Anoxybacillus sp 71:86 Structural characterization and biosorption of exopolysaccharides from Anoxybacillus sp. 24425297 7 79 from process 898:904 arg1 solution 940:947 aqueous solution 932:947 aqueous solution 932:947 Batch adsorption processes were conducted to characterize the kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanisms of the biosorption process of Zn(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution. 24425297 11 80 theme heavy 1431:1435 arg1 metals 1437:1442 tested heavy metals 1424:1442 tested heavy metals 1424:1442 Pseudo-second-order kinetic equation could depict the biosorption kinetics of tested heavy metals. 24425297 3 81 from spring 330:335 arg1 China 340:344 China 340:344 China 340:344 R4-33 isolated from a radon hot spring in China, were investigated. 25263870 0 0 theme cell 91:94 arg1 walls 96:100 grape cell walls 85:100 grape cell walls 85:100 Selective extraction of polysaccharide affects the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls. 25263870 7 1 theme molecular 1330:1338 arg1 proanthocyanidins 1345:1361 higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1323:1361 higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1323:1361 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 1 2 theme vinifera 150:157 arg1 Shiraz 199:204 Shiraz 199:204 Shiraz 199:204 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 2 theme vinifera 150:157 arg1 varieties 165:173 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 2 theme vinifera 150:157 arg1 Sauvignon 185:193 Sauvignon 185:193 Sauvignon 185:193 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 0 3 theme grape 85:89 arg1 walls 96:100 grape cell walls 85:100 grape cell walls 85:100 Selective extraction of polysaccharide affects the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls. 25263870 2 4 theme hydroxide 355:363 arg1 molarity 325:332 the molarity 321:332 the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide 321:363 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 6 5 contain had 1186:1188 arg1 removal 1104:1110 Following removal 1094:1110 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue 1094:1184 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 6 5 contain had 1186:1188 arg2 affinity 1214:1221 a significantly reduced affinity 1190:1221 a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin 1190:1242 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 7 6 theme wall 1399:1402 arg1 fractions 1404:1412 the respective cell wall fractions 1379:1412 the respective cell wall fractions 1379:1412 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 1 7 attach isolated 126:133 arg2 material 113:120 Cell wall material 103:120 Cell wall material 103:120 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 7 attach isolated 126:133 arg1 varieties 165:173 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 7 attach isolated 126:133 arg1 Sauvignon 185:193 Sauvignon 185:193 Sauvignon 185:193 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 7 attach isolated 126:133 arg1 Shiraz 199:204 Shiraz 199:204 Shiraz 199:204 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 3 8 theme cell 590:593 arg1 fractions 600:608 cell wall fractions 590:608 cell wall fractions 590:608 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 1 9 theme grape 159:163 arg1 Shiraz 199:204 Shiraz 199:204 Shiraz 199:204 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 9 theme grape 159:163 arg1 varieties 165:173 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 9 theme grape 159:163 arg1 Sauvignon 185:193 Sauvignon 185:193 Sauvignon 185:193 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 7 10 theme higher 1323:1328 arg1 proanthocyanidins 1345:1361 higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1323:1361 higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1323:1361 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 3 11 theme wall 595:598 arg1 fractions 600:608 cell wall fractions 590:608 cell wall fractions 590:608 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 2 12 theme chelating 288:296 arg1 agent 298:302 chelating agent 288:302 chelating agent 288:302 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 4 13 theme skin 767:770 arg1 proanthocyanidin 772:787 a purified skin proanthocyanidin 756:787 a purified skin proanthocyanidin 756:787 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 3 14 theme phloroglucinolysis 521:538 arg1 application 506:516 the application 502:516 the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions 502:608 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 4 15 theme cell 919:922 arg1 walls 924:928 cell walls 919:928 cell walls 919:928 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 3 16 theme assay 581:585 arg1 application 506:516 the application 502:516 the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions 502:608 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 6 17 theme lignocellulosic 1162:1176 arg1 residue 1178:1184 the primarily lignocellulosic residue 1148:1184 the primarily lignocellulosic residue 1148:1184 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 6 17 theme lignocellulosic 1162:1176 arg1 fractionation 1133:1145 fractionation 1133:1145 fractionation 1133:1145 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 7 18 theme adsorption 1308:1317 arg1 selectivity 1293:1303 a greater selectivity 1283:1303 a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1283:1361 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 0 19 theme Selective 0:8 arg1 extraction 10:19 Selective extraction 0:19 Selective extraction of polysaccharide 0:37 Selective extraction of polysaccharide affects the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls. 25263870 2 20 theme polysaccharide 464:477 arg1 composition 479:489 defined polysaccharide composition 456:489 defined polysaccharide composition 456:489 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 3 21 theme colourimetric 567:579 arg1 assay 581:585 a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay 544:585 a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay 544:585 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 7 22 theme mass 1340:1343 arg1 proanthocyanidins 1345:1361 higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1323:1361 higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1323:1361 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 4 23 with experiments 739:749 arg1 proanthocyanidin 772:787 a purified skin proanthocyanidin 756:787 a purified skin proanthocyanidin 756:787 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 5 24 theme cell 945:948 arg1 fractions 970:978 cell wall hemicellulosic fractions 945:978 cell wall hemicellulosic fractions 945:978 Nevertheless, cell wall hemicellulosic fractions retained a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin, although lower than that observed when pectin was present. 25263870 2 25 theme defined 456:462 arg1 composition 479:489 defined polysaccharide composition 456:489 defined polysaccharide composition 456:489 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 6 26 theme Following 1094:1102 arg1 removal 1104:1110 Following removal 1094:1110 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue 1094:1184 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 5 27 theme wall 950:953 arg1 fractions 970:978 cell wall hemicellulosic fractions 945:978 cell wall hemicellulosic fractions 945:978 Nevertheless, cell wall hemicellulosic fractions retained a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin, although lower than that observed when pectin was present. 25263870 0 28 theme polysaccharide 24:37 arg1 extraction 10:19 Selective extraction 0:19 Selective extraction of polysaccharide 0:37 Selective extraction of polysaccharide affects the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls. 25263870 5 29 theme high 991:994 arg1 capacity 1004:1011 a high binding capacity 989:1011 a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin 989:1032 Nevertheless, cell wall hemicellulosic fractions retained a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin, although lower than that observed when pectin was present. 25263870 1 30 theme Cell 103:106 arg1 material 113:120 Cell wall material 103:120 Cell wall material 103:120 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 3 31 theme chelator-soluble 686:701 arg1 fraction 712:719 the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction 682:719 the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction 682:719 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 1 32 theme wall 108:111 arg1 material 113:120 Cell wall material 103:120 Cell wall material 103:120 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 4 33 theme adsorption 728:737 arg1 experiments 739:749 Model adsorption experiments 722:749 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin 722:787 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 5 34 theme binding 996:1002 arg1 capacity 1004:1011 a high binding capacity 989:1011 a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin 989:1032 Nevertheless, cell wall hemicellulosic fractions retained a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin, although lower than that observed when pectin was present. 25263870 7 35 theme lignocellulose 1267:1280 arg1 exception 1254:1262 the exception 1250:1262 the exception of lignocellulose 1250:1280 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 3 36 theme cell 628:631 arg1 proanthocyanidin 644:659 cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 628:659 cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 628:659 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 2 37 theme cell 421:424 arg1 walls 426:430 cell walls 421:430 cell walls 421:430 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 5 38 theme hemicellulosic 955:968 arg1 fractions 970:978 cell wall hemicellulosic fractions 945:978 cell wall hemicellulosic fractions 945:978 Nevertheless, cell wall hemicellulosic fractions retained a high binding capacity for proanthocyanidin, although lower than that observed when pectin was present. 25263870 4 39 theme proanthocyanidin 899:914 arg1 adsorption 885:894 the adsorption 881:894 the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls 881:928 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 2 40 theme potassium 345:353 arg1 hydroxide 355:363 aqueous potassium hydroxide 337:363 aqueous potassium hydroxide 337:363 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 2 41 theme composition 479:489 arg1 fractions 443:451 fractions 443:451 fractions of defined polysaccharide composition 443:489 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 3 42 theme modified 546:553 arg1 assay 581:585 a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay 544:585 a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay 544:585 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 2 43 theme aqueous 337:343 arg1 hydroxide 355:363 aqueous potassium hydroxide 337:363 aqueous potassium hydroxide 337:363 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 7 44 theme respective 1383:1392 arg1 fractions 1404:1412 the respective cell wall fractions 1379:1412 the respective cell wall fractions 1379:1412 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 4 45 theme purified 758:765 arg1 proanthocyanidin 772:787 a purified skin proanthocyanidin 756:787 a purified skin proanthocyanidin 756:787 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 7 46 theme greater 1285:1291 arg1 selectivity 1293:1303 a greater selectivity 1283:1303 a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins 1283:1361 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 2 47 theme sequential 260:269 arg1 fractionation 271:283 sequential fractionation 260:283 sequential fractionation 260:283 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 4 48 theme Model 722:726 arg1 experiments 739:749 Model adsorption experiments 722:749 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin 722:787 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 7 49 theme cell 1394:1397 arg1 fractions 1404:1412 the respective cell wall fractions 1379:1412 the respective cell wall fractions 1379:1412 With the exception of lignocellulose, a greater selectivity of adsorption for higher molecular mass proanthocyanidins was observed by the respective cell wall fractions. 25263870 6 50 theme hemicelluloses 1115:1128 arg1 removal 1104:1110 Following removal 1094:1110 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue 1094:1184 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 4 51 theme polysaccharides 826:840 arg1 removal 808:814 the removal 804:814 the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator 804:852 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 3 52 theme pectic 704:709 arg1 fraction 712:719 the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction 682:719 the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction 682:719 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 4 53 theme pectic 819:824 arg1 polysaccharides 826:840 pectic polysaccharides 819:840 pectic polysaccharides 819:840 Model adsorption experiments with a purified skin proanthocyanidin confirmed that the removal of pectic polysaccharides by chelator most significantly reduced the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by cell walls. 25263870 1 54 theme Vitis 144:148 arg1 vinifera 150:157 Vitis vinifera 144:157 two Vitis vinifera grape varieties 140:173 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 1 55 theme buffered 219:226 arg1 method 246:251 a buffered phenol extraction method 217:251 a buffered phenol extraction method 217:251 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 6 56 theme reduced 1206:1212 arg1 affinity 1214:1221 a significantly reduced affinity 1190:1221 a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin 1190:1242 Following removal of hemicelluloses by fractionation, the primarily lignocellulosic residue had a significantly reduced affinity for proanthocyanidin. 25263870 3 57 theme wall-bound 633:642 arg1 proanthocyanidin 644:659 cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 628:659 cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 628:659 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 3 58 theme HCl-butanol 555:565 arg1 assay 581:585 a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay 544:585 a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay 544:585 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 1 59 theme phenol 228:233 arg1 method 246:251 a buffered phenol extraction method 217:251 a buffered phenol extraction method 217:251 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 25263870 0 60 theme proanthocyanidin 65:80 arg1 adsorption 51:60 the adsorption 47:60 the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls 47:100 Selective extraction of polysaccharide affects the adsorption of proanthocyanidin by grape cell walls. 25263870 3 61 theme proanthocyanidin 644:659 arg1 proanthocyanidin 644:659 cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 628:659 cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 628:659 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 3 61 theme proanthocyanidin 644:659 arg1 % 623:623 more than 54% 611:623 more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin 611:659 Following the application of phloroglucinolysis and a modified HCl-butanol colourimetric assay to cell wall fractions, more than 54% of cell wall-bound proanthocyanidin was localised within the chelator-soluble (pectic) fraction. 25263870 2 62 theme polysaccharide 366:379 arg1 classes 381:387 polysaccharide classes 366:387 polysaccharide classes 366:387 Using sequential fractionation in chelating agent, then increasing the molarity of aqueous potassium hydroxide, polysaccharide classes were selectively extracted from cell walls to produce fractions of defined polysaccharide composition. 25263870 1 63 theme extraction 235:244 arg1 method 246:251 a buffered phenol extraction method 217:251 a buffered phenol extraction method 217:251 Cell wall material was isolated from two Vitis vinifera grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz, following a buffered phenol extraction method. 27423219 1 0 theme hybrids 129:135 arg1 walls 110:114 the root cell walls 96:114 the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa 96:194 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 2 1 theme root 407:410 arg1 structure 412:420 root structure 407:420 root structure 407:420 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 6 2 theme polysaccharide 1006:1019 arg1 fractions 1021:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 5 3 located observed 893:900 arg2 decrease 860:867 a decrease 858:867 a decrease in protein content 858:886 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 3 located observed 893:900 arg1 presence 909:916 the presence 905:916 the presence of Cd2+ 905:924 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 3 located observed 893:900 arg2 increase 776:783 An increase 773:783 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, 773:852 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 3 located observed 893:900 arg1 fractions 940:948 the alkali fractions 929:948 the alkali fractions 929:948 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 0 4 from Impact 0:5 arg1 hybrids 38:44 two maize hybrids 28:44 two maize hybrids 28:44 Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. 27423219 5 5 theme compounds 812:820 arg1 content 792:798 the content 788:798 the content 788:798 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 6 from content 792:798 arg1 hybrid 846:851 the tolerant hybrid 833:851 the tolerant hybrid 833:851 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 7 theme protein 872:878 arg1 content 880:886 protein content 872:886 protein content 872:886 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 4 8 theme walls 645:649 arg1 composition 616:626 the composition 612:626 the composition of the root cell walls 612:649 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 1 9 theme cadmium 230:236 arg1 cations 238:244 cadmium cations 230:244 cadmium cations 230:244 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 4 10 theme root 635:638 arg1 walls 645:649 the root cell walls 631:649 the root cell walls 631:649 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 6 11 theme hybrids 1157:1163 arg1 Cd2+ 1139:1142 Cd2+ 1139:1142 Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied 1139:1171 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 1 12 theme physiological 52:64 arg1 parameters 66:75 Some physiological parameters 47:75 Some physiological parameters 47:75 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 5 13 theme tolerant 837:844 arg1 hybrid 846:851 the tolerant hybrid 833:851 the tolerant hybrid 833:851 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 6 14 theme maize 1151:1155 arg1 hybrids 1157:1163 the maize hybrids 1147:1163 the maize hybrids studied 1147:1171 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 4 15 from increase 668:675 arg1 hybrid 765:770 the tolerant hybrid 752:770 the tolerant hybrid 752:770 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 4 15 from increase 668:675 arg1 content 684:690 the content 680:690 the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions 680:733 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 3 16 theme Cd2+ 461:464 arg1 accumulation 466:477 The Cd2+ accumulation 457:477 The Cd2+ accumulation 457:477 The Cd2+ accumulation was ten times higher in the roots than in the shoots. 27423219 3 16 theme Cd2+ 461:464 arg1 higher 493:498 higher 493:498 higher 493:498 The Cd2+ accumulation was ten times higher in the roots than in the shoots. 27423219 2 17 from alteration 393:402 arg1 hybrid 350:355 the sensitive hybrid 336:355 the sensitive hybrid in particular 336:369 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 17 from alteration 393:402 arg1 structure 412:420 root structure 407:420 root structure 407:420 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 17 from alteration 393:402 arg1 content 434:440 pigment content 426:440 pigment content 426:440 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 18 theme treatment 269:277 arg1 days 256:259 10 days 253:259 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M) 253:305 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 4 19 theme cell 640:643 arg1 walls 645:649 the root cell walls 631:649 the root cell walls 631:649 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 2 20 theme Cd2+ 264:267 arg1 treatment 269:277 Cd2+ treatment 264:277 Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M) 264:305 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 0 21 theme stress 18:23 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. 0:45 Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. 27423219 1 22 theme sensitive 153:161 arg1 Novania 163:169 the sensitive Novania 149:169 the sensitive Novania 149:169 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 22 theme sensitive 153:161 arg1 hybrids 129:135 two maize hybrids 119:135 two maize hybrids (monocots) 119:146 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 0 23 theme cadmium 10:16 arg1 stress 18:23 cadmium stress 10:23 cadmium stress 10:23 Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. 27423219 4 24 theme significant 656:666 arg1 increase 668:675 a significant increase 654:675 a significant increase 654:675 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 5 25 theme phenolic 803:810 arg1 compounds 812:820 phenolic compounds 803:820 phenolic compounds 803:820 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 4 26 theme absorption 562:571 arg1 spectroscopy 573:584 atomic absorption spectroscopy 555:584 atomic absorption spectroscopy 555:584 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 5 27 from increase 776:783 arg1 content 880:886 protein content 872:886 protein content 872:886 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 27 from increase 776:783 arg1 content 792:798 the content 788:798 the content 788:798 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 28 theme Cd2+ 921:924 arg1 presence 909:916 the presence 905:916 the presence of Cd2+ 905:924 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 2 29 theme sensitive 340:348 arg1 hybrid 350:355 the sensitive hybrid 336:355 the sensitive hybrid in particular 336:369 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 30 theme certain 385:391 arg1 alteration 393:402 a certain alteration 383:402 plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content 308:440 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 4 31 theme tolerant 756:763 arg1 hybrid 765:770 the tolerant hybrid 752:770 the tolerant hybrid 752:770 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 2 32 from inhibition 321:330 arg1 hybrid 350:355 the sensitive hybrid 336:355 the sensitive hybrid in particular 336:369 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 32 from inhibition 321:330 arg1 structure 412:420 root structure 407:420 root structure 407:420 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 32 from inhibition 321:330 arg1 content 434:440 pigment content 426:440 pigment content 426:440 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 1 33 theme root 100:103 arg1 walls 110:114 the root cell walls 96:114 the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa 96:194 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 0 34 theme maize 32:36 arg1 hybrids 38:44 two maize hybrids 28:44 two maize hybrids 28:44 Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. 27423219 5 35 theme alkali 933:938 arg1 fractions 940:948 the alkali fractions 929:948 the alkali fractions 929:948 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 1 36 theme cell 105:108 arg1 walls 110:114 the root cell walls 96:114 the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa 96:194 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 4 37 theme polysaccharide 710:723 arg1 fractions 725:733 alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions 695:733 alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions 695:733 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 1 38 with treatment 215:223 arg1 cations 238:244 cadmium cations 230:244 cadmium cations 230:244 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 39 theme walls 110:114 arg1 composition 81:91 composition 81:91 composition 81:91 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 39 theme walls 110:114 arg1 parameters 66:75 Some physiological parameters 47:75 Some physiological parameters 47:75 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 5 40 from decrease 860:867 arg1 content 792:798 the content 788:798 the content 788:798 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 5 40 from decrease 860:867 arg1 content 880:886 protein content 872:886 protein content 872:886 An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. 27423219 1 41 theme tolerant 179:186 arg1 hybrids 129:135 two maize hybrids 119:135 two maize hybrids (monocots) 119:146 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 41 theme tolerant 179:186 arg1 Almansa 188:194 the tolerant Almansa 175:194 the tolerant Almansa 175:194 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 6 42 theme wall 1001:1004 arg1 fractions 1021:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 4 43 theme alkali-soluble 695:708 arg1 fractions 725:733 alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions 695:733 alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions 695:733 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 2 44 from hybrid 350:355 arg1 particular 360:369 particular 360:369 particular 360:369 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 1 45 theme maize 123:127 arg1 Novania 163:169 the sensitive Novania 149:169 the sensitive Novania 149:169 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 45 theme maize 123:127 arg1 monocots 138:145 monocots 138:145 monocots 138:145 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 45 theme maize 123:127 arg1 hybrids 129:135 two maize hybrids 119:135 two maize hybrids (monocots) 119:146 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 1 45 theme maize 123:127 arg1 Almansa 188:194 the tolerant Almansa 175:194 the tolerant Almansa 175:194 Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. 27423219 2 46 dep treatment 269:277 arg1 5 × 10-5 M 295:304 5 × 10-5 M 295:304 5 × 10-5 M 295:304 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 46 dep treatment 269:277 arg1 1 × 10-5 M 280:289 1 × 10-5 M 280:289 1 × 10-5 M 280:289 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 2 47 theme pigment 426:432 arg1 content 434:440 pigment content 426:440 pigment content 426:440 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 4 48 theme atomic 555:560 arg1 spectroscopy 573:584 atomic absorption spectroscopy 555:584 atomic absorption spectroscopy 555:584 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 6 49 from changes 981:987 arg1 fractions 1021:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 6 49 from changes 981:987 arg1 proportion 1041:1050 their proportion 1035:1050 their proportion to lignin and cellulose 1035:1074 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 2 50 theme growth 314:319 arg1 inhibition 321:330 plant growth inhibition 308:330 plant growth inhibition 308:330 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 27423219 4 51 theme Chemical 533:540 arg1 analyses 542:549 Chemical analyses 533:549 Chemical analyses 533:549 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 6 52 theme cell 996:999 arg1 fractions 1021:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 the cell wall polysaccharide fractions 992:1029 The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied. 27423219 4 53 theme fractions 725:733 arg1 content 684:690 the content 680:690 the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions 680:733 Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. 27423219 2 54 theme plant 308:312 arg1 inhibition 321:330 plant growth inhibition 308:330 plant growth inhibition 308:330 After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. 26964335 6 0 theme hemicellulose 957:969 arg1 content 971:977 The hemicellulose content 953:977 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk 953:996 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 7 1 theme % 1198:1198 arg1 % 1204:1204 52.2%-55.4% 1194:1204 52.2%-55.4% 1194:1204 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 10 2 theme artichoke 1675:1683 arg1 pretreatment 1691:1702 Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment 1665:1702 Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment 1665:1702 Based on these results, hot-NaOH can be regarded as an option for Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment. 26964335 11 3 theme lignin 1771:1776 arg1 removal 1778:1784 lignin removal 1771:1784 lignin removal 1771:1784 Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. 26964335 7 4 theme 62.7 1211:1214 arg1 % 1221:1221 62.7%-73.2% 1211:1221 62.7%-73.2% 1211:1221 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 4 5 theme crop 640:643 arg1 stalks 645:650 crop stalks 640:650 crop stalks 640:650 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 12 6 theme core 1901:1904 arg1 conversion 1872:1881 sugar conversion 1866:1881 sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration 1866:1933 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 5 7 theme whole 812:816 arg1 stalk 818:822 the whole stalk 808:822 the whole stalk 808:822 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 11 8 theme improved 1804:1811 arg1 conversion 1819:1828 consequently improved sugar conversion 1791:1828 consequently improved sugar conversion 1791:1828 Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. 26964335 12 9 theme conversion 1872:1881 arg1 decrease 1854:1861 the potential decrease 1840:1861 the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration 1840:1933 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 11 10 theme Increasing 1705:1714 arg1 concentration 1721:1733 Increasing NaOH concentration 1705:1733 Increasing NaOH concentration 1705:1733 Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. 26964335 5 11 theme lignin 790:795 arg1 content 797:803 the lignin content 786:803 the lignin content in the whole stalk 786:822 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 3 12 theme crop 575:578 arg1 stalks 580:585 traditional crop stalks 563:585 traditional crop stalks 563:585 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 6 13 dep % 1042:1042 arg1 % 1048:1048 -95.0% 1043:1048 87.6%-95.0% 1038:1048 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 12 14 theme potential 1844:1852 arg1 decrease 1854:1861 the potential decrease 1840:1861 the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration 1840:1933 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 9 15 theme mol/L 1487:1491 arg1 NaOH 1493:1496 2.0 mol/L NaOH 1483:1496 2.0 mol/L NaOH 1483:1496 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 5 16 from content 797:803 arg1 stalk 818:822 the whole stalk 808:822 the whole stalk 808:822 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 4 17 theme cellulose 669:677 arg1 content 679:685 higher cellulose content 662:685 higher cellulose content (40.5%) 662:693 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 4 17 theme cellulose 669:677 arg1 % 692:692 40.5% 688:692 40.5% 688:692 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 0 18 theme subsequent 79:88 arg1 hydrolysis 100:109 subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis] 79:110 subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis] 79:110 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis]. 26964335 5 19 from pitch 825:829 arg1 stalk 818:822 the whole stalk 808:822 the whole stalk 808:822 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 1 20 theme artichoke 162:170 arg1 stalk 172:176 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 152:176 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 152:176 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 0 21 from [Effects 0:7 arg1 Jerusalem 37:45 Jerusalem 37:45 Jerusalem 37:45 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis]. 26964335 5 22 dep decreased 841:849 arg1 compared 910:917 compared 910:917 compared with the unpretreated substrates 910:950 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 7 23 theme whole 1139:1143 arg1 stalk 1145:1149 the pretreated whole stalk 1124:1149 the pretreated whole stalk 1124:1149 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 9 24 theme NaOH 1535:1538 arg1 concentration 1540:1552 the increased NaOH concentration 1521:1552 the increased NaOH concentration 1521:1552 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 8 25 theme NaOH 1260:1263 arg1 concentration 1265:1277 NaOH concentration 1260:1277 NaOH concentration for pretreatment 1260:1294 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 12 26 theme pretreatment 1973:1984 arg1 conditions 1986:1995 the pretreatment conditions 1969:1995 the pretreatment conditions 1969:1995 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 5 27 theme % 858:858 arg1 % 864:864 13.1%-13.4% 854:864 13.1%-13.4% 854:864 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 2 28 theme NaOH 337:340 arg1 concentrations 342:355 different NaOH concentrations 327:355 different NaOH concentrations 327:355 Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. 26964335 6 29 from pitch 999:1003 arg1 stalk 992:996 the whole stalk 982:996 the whole stalk 982:996 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 0 30 theme hot-NaOH 12:19 arg1 pretreatment 21:32 hot-NaOH pretreatment 12:32 hot-NaOH pretreatment 12:32 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis]. 26964335 12 31 theme further 1945:1951 arg1 optimization 1953:1964 further optimization 1945:1964 further optimization on the pretreatment conditions 1945:1995 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 1 32 theme stalk 276:280 arg1 pitch 253:257 pitch 253:257 pitch 253:257 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 1 32 theme stalk 276:280 arg1 core 264:267 core 264:267 core 264:267 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 1 32 theme stalk 276:280 arg1 stalk 246:250 whole stalk 240:250 whole stalk 240:250 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 9 33 theme hydrolysis 1575:1584 arg1 performance 1586:1596 its hydrolysis performance 1571:1596 its hydrolysis performance 1571:1596 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 12 34 theme higher 1909:1914 arg1 concentration 1921:1933 higher NaOH concentration 1909:1933 higher NaOH concentration 1909:1933 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 3 35 theme Jerusalem 463:471 arg1 stalk 483:487 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 463:487 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 463:487 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 12 36 from optimization 1953:1964 arg1 conditions 1986:1995 the pretreatment conditions 1969:1995 the pretreatment conditions 1969:1995 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 1 37 theme main 220:223 arg1 composition 225:235 the main composition 216:235 the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk 216:280 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 4 38 theme traditional 741:751 arg1 stalks 758:763 traditional crop stalks 741:763 traditional crop stalks 741:763 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 2 39 theme pretreatment 438:449 arg1 efficiency 451:460 the pretreatment efficiency 434:460 the pretreatment efficiency 434:460 Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. 26964335 8 40 theme stalk 1348:1352 arg1 hydrolysis 1324:1333 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1310:1333 the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk 1310:1352 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 6 41 from content 971:977 arg1 stalk 992:996 the whole stalk 982:996 the whole stalk 982:996 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 2 42 theme different 327:335 arg1 concentrations 342:355 different NaOH concentrations 327:355 different NaOH concentrations 327:355 Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. 26964335 1 43 theme stalk 246:250 arg1 composition 225:235 the main composition 216:235 the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk 216:280 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 7 44 theme % 1215:1215 arg1 % 1221:1221 62.7%-73.2% 1211:1221 62.7%-73.2% 1211:1221 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 1 45 theme pitch 253:257 arg1 composition 225:235 the main composition 216:235 the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk 216:280 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 6 46 theme % 1029:1029 arg1 % 1035:1035 87.8%-96.9% 1025:1035 87.8%-96.9% 1025:1035 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 10 47 theme Jerusalem 1665:1673 arg1 pretreatment 1691:1702 Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment 1665:1702 Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment 1665:1702 Based on these results, hot-NaOH can be regarded as an option for Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment. 26964335 3 48 theme lignin 526:531 arg1 content 533:539 relatively high lignin content 510:539 relatively high lignin content (32.0%) 510:547 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 3 48 theme lignin 526:531 arg1 % 546:546 32.0% 542:546 32.0% 542:546 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 1 49 theme stalk 172:176 arg1 possibility 137:147 the possibility 133:147 the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion 133:201 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 1 50 theme bioenergy 182:190 arg1 conversion 192:201 bioenergy conversion 182:201 bioenergy conversion 182:201 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 12 51 theme pretreated 1890:1899 arg1 core 1901:1904 the pretreated core 1886:1904 the pretreated core 1886:1904 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 9 52 theme pretreated 1434:1443 arg1 core 1451:1454 pretreated stalk core 1434:1454 pretreated stalk core 1434:1454 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 7 53 theme % 1185:1185 arg1 % 1191:1191 56.5%-60.2% 1181:1191 56.5%-60.2% 1181:1191 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 10 54 theme stalk 1685:1689 arg1 pretreatment 1691:1702 Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment 1665:1702 Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment 1665:1702 Based on these results, hot-NaOH can be regarded as an option for Jerusalem artichoke stalk pretreatment. 26964335 5 55 theme unpretreated 928:939 arg1 substrates 941:950 the unpretreated substrates 924:950 the unpretreated substrates 924:950 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 9 56 theme core 1451:1454 arg1 hydrolysis 1420:1429 The hydrolysis 1416:1429 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core 1416:1454 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 12 57 theme sugar 1866:1870 arg1 conversion 1872:1881 sugar conversion 1866:1881 sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration 1866:1933 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 3 58 theme traditional 563:573 arg1 stalks 580:585 traditional crop stalks 563:585 traditional crop stalks 563:585 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 9 59 theme 2.0 1483:1485 arg1 mol/L 1487:1491 mol/L 1487:1491 mol/L 1487:1491 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 11 60 theme NaOH 1716:1719 arg1 concentration 1721:1733 Increasing NaOH concentration 1705:1733 Increasing NaOH concentration 1705:1733 Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. 26964335 8 61 dep 10.3-18.5 1385:1393 arg1 folds 1395:1399 folds 1395:1399 folds 1395:1399 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 8 62 theme whole 1342:1346 arg1 stalk 1348:1352 the whole stalk 1338:1352 the whole stalk 1338:1352 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 0 63 theme enzymatic 90:98 arg1 hydrolysis 100:109 subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis] 79:110 subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis] 79:110 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis]. 26964335 8 64 dep 2.3-2.6 1367:1373 arg1 folds 1375:1379 folds 1375:1379 folds 1375:1379 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 1 65 theme Jerusalem 152:160 arg1 stalk 172:176 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 152:176 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 152:176 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 4 66 theme higher 662:667 arg1 content 679:685 higher cellulose content 662:685 higher cellulose content (40.5%) 662:693 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 4 66 theme higher 662:667 arg1 % 692:692 40.5% 688:692 40.5% 688:692 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 5 67 theme % 870:870 arg1 % 876:876 8.3%-13.5% 867:876 8.3%-13.5% 867:876 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 7 68 theme pretreated 1128:1137 arg1 stalk 1145:1149 the pretreated whole stalk 1124:1149 the pretreated whole stalk 1124:1149 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 9 69 theme increased 1525:1533 arg1 concentration 1540:1552 the increased NaOH concentration 1521:1552 the increased NaOH concentration 1521:1552 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 8 70 theme concentration 1265:1277 arg1 increase 1248:1255 increase 1248:1255 increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment 1248:1294 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 2 71 theme degrees 364:370 arg1 C. 372:373 121 degrees C. 360:373 121 degrees C. 360:373 Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. 26964335 9 72 theme stalk 1445:1449 arg1 core 1451:1454 pretreated stalk core 1434:1454 pretreated stalk core 1434:1454 The hydrolysis of pretreated stalk core decreased significantly as 2.0 mol/L NaOH was employed, although the increased NaOH concentration can also improve its hydrolysis performance. 26964335 0 73 theme pretreatment 21:32 arg1 [Effects 0:7 [Effects 0:7 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem 0:45 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis]. 26964335 1 74 theme core 264:267 arg1 composition 225:235 the main composition 216:235 the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk 216:280 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26964335 5 75 from core 836:839 arg1 stalk 818:822 the whole stalk 808:822 the whole stalk 808:822 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 7 76 theme cellulose 1103:1111 arg1 content 1113:1119 the cellulose content 1099:1119 the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core 1099:1166 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 4 77 theme lower 699:703 arg1 hemicellulose 705:717 lower hemicellulose 699:717 lower hemicellulose (19.6%) 699:725 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 4 77 theme lower 699:703 arg1 % 724:724 19.6% 720:724 19.6% 720:724 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 6 78 from core 1010:1013 arg1 stalk 992:996 the whole stalk 982:996 the whole stalk 982:996 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 2 79 theme enzymatic 387:395 arg1 hydrolysis 397:406 enzymatic hydrolysis 387:406 enzymatic hydrolysis 387:406 Meanwhile, these parts were pretreated with different NaOH concentrations at 121 degrees C. Afterwards, enzymatic hydrolysis was performed to evaluate the pretreatment efficiency. 26964335 5 80 theme % 887:887 arg1 % 893:893 19.9%-27.2% 883:893 19.9%-27.2% 883:893 After pretreatment, the lignin content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased by 13.1%-13.4%, 8.3%-13.5%, and 19.9%-27.2%, respectively, compared with the unpretreated substrates. 26964335 8 81 theme enzymatic 1314:1322 arg1 hydrolysis 1324:1333 the enzymatic hydrolysis 1310:1333 the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk 1310:1352 Moreover, increase of NaOH concentration for pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole stalk and pitch by 2.3-2.6 folds and 10.3-18.5 folds, respectively. 26964335 4 82 theme crop 753:756 arg1 stalks 758:763 traditional crop stalks 741:763 traditional crop stalks 741:763 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 0 83 theme stalk 57:61 arg1 composition 63:73 stalk composition 57:73 stalk composition 57:73 [Effects of hot-NaOH pretreatment on Jerusalem artichoke stalk composition and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis]. 26964335 11 84 theme sugar 1813:1817 arg1 conversion 1819:1828 consequently improved sugar conversion 1791:1828 consequently improved sugar conversion 1791:1828 Increasing NaOH concentration was beneficial to hemicellulose and lignin removal, and consequently improved sugar conversion. 26964335 12 85 theme NaOH 1916:1919 arg1 concentration 1921:1933 higher NaOH concentration 1909:1933 higher NaOH concentration 1909:1933 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 7 86 from content 1113:1119 arg1 pitch 1152:1156 pitch 1152:1156 pitch 1152:1156 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 7 86 from content 1113:1119 arg1 core 1163:1166 core 1163:1166 core 1163:1166 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 7 86 from content 1113:1119 arg1 stalk 1145:1149 the pretreated whole stalk 1124:1149 the pretreated whole stalk 1124:1149 Correspondingly, the cellulose content in the pretreated whole stalk, pitch, and core increased by 56.5%-60.2%, 52.2%-55.4%, and 62.7%-73.2%, respectively. 26964335 6 87 theme whole 986:990 arg1 stalk 992:996 the whole stalk 982:996 the whole stalk 982:996 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 4 88 theme total 592:596 arg1 that 632:635 that 632:635 that 632:635 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 4 88 theme total 592:596 arg1 content 611:617 The total carbohydrate content 588:617 The total carbohydrate content 588:617 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 3 89 theme artichoke 473:481 arg1 stalk 483:487 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 463:487 Jerusalem artichoke stalk 463:487 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 6 90 dep % 1059:1059 arg1 % 1065:1065 -90.2% 1060:1065 74.0%-90.2% 1055:1065 The hemicellulose content in the whole stalk, pitch, and core decreased 87.8%-96.9%, 87.6%-95.0%, and 74.0%-90.2%, respectively. 26964335 12 91 dep suggested 1935:1943 arg1 performed 2007:2015 performed 2007:2015 suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed 1935:2015 However, the potential decrease of sugar conversion of the pretreated core by higher NaOH concentration suggested further optimization on the pretreatment conditions should be performed. 26964335 4 92 theme carbohydrate 598:609 arg1 that 632:635 that 632:635 that 632:635 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 4 92 theme carbohydrate 598:609 arg1 content 611:617 The total carbohydrate content 588:617 The total carbohydrate content 588:617 The total carbohydrate content was close to that of crop stalks, but with higher cellulose content (40.5%) and lower hemicellulose (19.6%) than those of traditional crop stalks. 26964335 3 93 theme high 521:524 arg1 content 533:539 relatively high lignin content 510:539 relatively high lignin content (32.0%) 510:547 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 3 93 theme high 521:524 arg1 % 546:546 32.0% 542:546 32.0% 542:546 Jerusalem artichoke stalk was characterized by relatively high lignin content (32.0%) compared with traditional crop stalks. 26964335 1 94 theme whole 240:244 arg1 stalk 246:250 whole stalk 240:250 whole stalk 240:250 In order to explore the possibility of Jerusalem artichoke stalk for bioenergy conversion, we analyzed the main composition of whole stalk, pitch, and core of the stalk. 26174042 7 0 theme compressive 1393:1403 arg1 modulus 1405:1411 compressive modulus 1393:1411 compressive modulus 1393:1411 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 5 1 theme sample 1122:1127 arg1 groups 1129:1134 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 1 theme sample 1122:1127 arg1 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 1 theme sample 1122:1127 arg1 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 2 attach presence 1104:1111 arg2 Zn 1116:1117 Zn 1116:1117 Zn 1116:1117 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 2 attach presence 1104:1111 arg1 groups 1129:1134 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 2 attach presence 1104:1111 arg1 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 2 attach presence 1104:1111 arg1 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 4 3 theme sample 1074:1079 arg1 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 3 theme sample 1074:1079 arg1 groups 1081:1086 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 3 theme sample 1074:1079 arg1 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 3 theme sample 1074:1079 arg1 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 7 4 theme Mechanical 1351:1360 arg1 testing 1362:1368 Mechanical testing 1351:1368 Mechanical testing 1351:1368 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 5 5 from presence 1104:1111 arg1 groups 1129:1134 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 5 from presence 1104:1111 arg1 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 5 from presence 1104:1111 arg1 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 10 6 theme sample 1690:1695 arg1 C 1703:1703 sample group C 1690:1703 sample group C 1690:1703 The highest values were seen on sample group C. 26174042 9 7 theme Zn 1607:1608 arg1 incorporation 1610:1622 Zn incorporation 1607:1622 Zn incorporation 1607:1622 Zn incorporation increased the viable cell number. 26174042 4 8 theme amorphous 1046:1054 arg1 phases 1064:1069 predominantly amorphous mineral phases 1032:1069 predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C 1032:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 3 9 theme Mineralization 744:757 arg1 medium 759:764 Mineralization medium 744:764 Mineralization medium 744:764 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 4 10 from phases 1064:1069 arg1 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 10 from phases 1064:1069 arg1 groups 1081:1086 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 10 from phases 1064:1069 arg1 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 10 from phases 1064:1069 arg1 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 2 11 theme incorporation 548:560 arg1 effect 535:540 the effect 531:540 the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 531:741 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 4 12 theme phases 1064:1069 arg1 formation 1019:1027 the formation 1015:1027 the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C 1015:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 11 13 theme sample 1725:1730 arg1 promising 1799:1807 promising 1799:1807 promising 1799:1807 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 11 13 theme sample 1725:1730 arg1 group 1732:1736 the sample group 1721:1736 the sample group containing the most Zn 1721:1759 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 9 14 theme viable 1638:1643 arg1 number 1650:1655 the viable cell number 1634:1655 the viable cell number 1634:1655 Zn incorporation increased the viable cell number. 26174042 1 15 contain containing 273:282 arg2 Zn 307:308 Zn 307:308 Zn 307:308 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 15 contain containing 273:282 arg2 zinc 301:304 zinc 301:304 zinc (Zn) 301:309 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 15 contain containing 273:282 arg2 Ca 293:294 Ca 293:294 Ca 293:294 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 15 contain containing 273:282 arg2 calcium 284:290 calcium 284:290 calcium (Ca) 284:295 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 15 contain containing 273:282 arg1 medium 266:271 mineralization medium 251:271 mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) 251:309 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 16 from phosphates 237:246 arg1 medium 266:271 mineralization medium 251:271 mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) 251:309 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 17 theme Gellan 139:144 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Gellan gum hydrogels 139:158 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase 139:199 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 3 18 theme different 812:820 arg1 ratios 834:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 5 19 from drop 1166:1169 arg1 amount 1178:1183 the amount 1174:1183 the amount of mineral formed 1174:1201 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 19 from drop 1166:1169 arg1 morphology 1233:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 19 from drop 1166:1169 arg1 mineral 1188:1194 mineral 1188:1194 mineral 1188:1194 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 1 20 theme gum 146:148 arg1 hydrogels 150:158 Gellan gum hydrogels 139:158 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase 139:199 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 2 21 from effect 535:540 arg1 ability 670:676 their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 664:741 their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 664:741 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 21 from effect 535:540 arg1 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 21 from effect 535:540 arg1 amount 569:574 amount 569:574 amount 569:574 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 21 from effect 535:540 arg1 modulus 620:626 the compressive modulus 604:626 the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels 604:655 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 22 theme cells 737:741 arg1 growth 702:707 growth 702:707 growth 702:707 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 22 theme cells 737:741 arg1 adhesion 689:696 adhesion 689:696 adhesion 689:696 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 5 23 theme mineral 1188:1194 arg1 amount 1178:1183 the amount 1174:1183 the amount of mineral formed 1174:1201 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 23 theme mineral 1188:1194 arg1 morphology 1233:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 23 theme mineral 1188:1194 arg1 mineral 1188:1194 mineral 1188:1194 mineral 1188:1194 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 0 24 theme calcium-zinc 65:76 arg1 phosphate 78:86 calcium-zinc phosphate 65:86 calcium-zinc phosphate 65:86 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 4 25 dep groups 1081:1086 arg1 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 25 dep groups 1081:1086 arg1 groups 1081:1086 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 25 dep groups 1081:1086 arg1 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 25 dep groups 1081:1086 arg1 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 26 theme FTIR 943:946 arg1 analysis 962:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis 943:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis 943:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 2 27 theme MC3T3-E1 712:719 arg1 cells 737:741 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 712:741 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 712:741 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 3 28 theme Zn 831:832 arg1 ratios 834:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 2 29 from incorporation 468:480 arg1 phase 505:509 the inorganic phase 491:509 the inorganic phase 491:509 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 3 30 theme Ca 828:829 arg1 ratios 834:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 2 31 theme mineralized 635:645 arg1 hydrogels 647:655 the mineralized hydrogels 631:655 the mineralized hydrogels 631:655 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 5 32 theme deposit 1225:1231 arg1 morphology 1233:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 0 33 theme antibacterial 115:127 arg1 activity 129:136 antibacterial activity 115:136 antibacterial activity 115:136 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 2 34 theme inorganic 495:503 arg1 phase 505:509 the inorganic phase 491:509 the inorganic phase 491:509 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 12 35 dep & 1838:1838 arg1 Sons 1840:1843 Sons 1840:1843 Sons 1840:1843 Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 26174042 2 36 theme antibacterial 442:454 arg1 activity 456:463 antibacterial activity 442:463 antibacterial activity 442:463 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 0 37 theme gellan 14:19 arg1 hydrogel 25:32 gellan gum hydrogel 14:32 gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate 14:86 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 11 38 dep C 1773:1773 arg1 i.e. 1762:1765 i.e. 1762:1765 i.e. 1762:1765 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 4 39 theme SAED 949:952 arg1 analysis 962:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis 943:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis 943:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 5 40 theme smaller 1209:1215 arg1 morphology 1233:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 0 41 theme hydrogel 25:32 arg1 Composites 0:9 Composites 0:9 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 0:137 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 0 41 theme hydrogel 25:32 arg1 hydrogel 25:32 gellan gum hydrogel 14:32 gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate 14:86 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 7 42 theme C. 1429:1430 arg1 groups 1439:1444 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 42 theme C. 1429:1430 arg1 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 42 theme C. 1429:1430 arg1 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 4 43 theme TEM 958:960 arg1 analysis 962:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis 943:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis 943:969 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 11 44 theme most 1753:1756 arg1 Zn 1758:1759 the most Zn 1749:1759 the most Zn 1749:1759 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 0 45 theme mineralized 48:58 arg1 hydrogel 25:32 gellan gum hydrogel 14:32 gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate 14:86 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 11 46 contain containing 1738:1747 arg1 promising 1799:1807 promising 1799:1807 promising 1799:1807 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 11 46 contain containing 1738:1747 arg2 Zn 1758:1759 the most Zn 1749:1759 the most Zn 1749:1759 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 11 46 contain containing 1738:1747 arg1 group 1732:1736 the sample group 1721:1736 the sample group containing the most Zn 1721:1759 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 7 47 theme sample 1416:1421 arg1 groups 1439:1444 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 47 theme sample 1416:1421 arg1 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 47 theme sample 1416:1421 arg1 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 0 48 with mineralized 48:58 arg1 phosphate 78:86 calcium-zinc phosphate 65:86 calcium-zinc phosphate 65:86 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 11 49 theme group 1767:1771 arg1 C 1773:1773 group C 1767:1773 group C 1767:1773 In conclusion, the sample group containing the most Zn, i.e. group C, appears to be the most promising. 26174042 8 50 theme sample 1570:1575 arg1 groups 1577:1582 All sample groups 1566:1582 All sample groups 1566:1582 All sample groups supported cell growth. 26174042 7 51 dep groups 1439:1444 arg1 groups 1439:1444 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 51 dep groups 1439:1444 arg1 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 51 dep groups 1439:1444 arg1 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 2 52 dep amount 569:574 arg1 the 565:567 the 565:567 the 565:567 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 53 with hydrogels 427:435 arg1 activity 456:463 antibacterial activity 442:463 antibacterial activity 442:463 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 54 theme mineral 588:594 arg1 modulus 620:626 the compressive modulus 604:626 the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels 604:655 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 54 theme mineral 588:594 arg1 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 54 theme mineral 588:594 arg1 amount 569:574 amount 569:574 amount 569:574 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 10 55 theme highest 1662:1668 arg1 values 1670:1675 The highest values 1658:1675 The highest values 1658:1675 The highest values were seen on sample group C. 26174042 10 56 theme group 1697:1701 arg1 C 1703:1703 sample group C 1690:1703 sample group C 1690:1703 The highest values were seen on sample group C. 26174042 4 57 from groups 1081:1086 arg1 formation 1019:1027 the formation 1015:1027 the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C 1015:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 2 58 theme compressive 608:618 arg1 modulus 620:626 the compressive modulus 604:626 the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels 604:655 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 58 theme compressive 608:618 arg1 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 4 59 theme mineral 1056:1062 arg1 phases 1064:1069 predominantly amorphous mineral phases 1032:1069 predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C 1032:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 0 60 with regeneration 97:108 arg1 activity 129:136 antibacterial activity 115:136 antibacterial activity 115:136 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 1 61 theme mineralization 251:264 arg1 medium 266:271 mineralization medium 251:271 mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) 251:309 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 7 62 from decrease 1381:1388 arg1 modulus 1405:1411 compressive modulus 1393:1411 compressive modulus 1393:1411 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 62 from decrease 1381:1388 arg1 groups 1439:1444 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 62 from decrease 1381:1388 arg1 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 62 from decrease 1381:1388 arg1 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 2 63 theme Zn 545:546 arg1 incorporation 548:560 Zn incorporation 545:560 Zn incorporation 545:560 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 7 64 theme antibacterial 1473:1485 arg1 activity 1487:1494 antibacterial activity 1473:1494 antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1473:1563 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 9 65 theme cell 1645:1648 arg1 number 1650:1655 the viable cell number 1634:1655 the viable cell number 1634:1655 Zn incorporation increased the viable cell number. 26174042 5 66 dep groups 1129:1134 arg1 groups 1129:1134 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 sample groups B and C 1122:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 66 dep groups 1129:1134 arg1 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 C 1142:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 5 66 dep groups 1129:1134 arg1 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 B 1136:1136 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 4 67 from formation 1019:1027 arg1 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 C 1097:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 67 from formation 1019:1027 arg1 groups 1081:1086 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 sample groups A, B and C 1074:1097 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 67 from formation 1019:1027 arg1 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 B 1091:1091 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 4 67 from formation 1019:1027 arg1 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 A 1088:1088 FTIR, SAED and TEM analysis revealed that incubation for 14 days caused the formation of predominantly amorphous mineral phases in sample groups A, B and C. 26174042 3 68 theme molar 822:826 arg1 ratios 834:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 2 69 theme osteoblast-like 721:735 arg1 cells 737:741 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 712:741 MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells 712:741 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 0 70 theme bone 92:95 arg1 regeneration 97:108 bone regeneration 92:108 bone regeneration with antibacterial activity 92:136 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 1 71 theme bone 360:363 arg1 regeneration 365:376 bone regeneration 360:376 bone regeneration 360:376 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 1 72 theme alkaline 180:187 arg1 phosphatase 189:199 alkaline phosphatase 180:199 alkaline phosphatase 180:199 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 2 73 theme hydrogels 647:655 arg1 modulus 620:626 the compressive modulus 604:626 the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels 604:655 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 2 73 theme hydrogels 647:655 arg1 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 mineral 588:594 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 5 74 theme mineral 1217:1223 arg1 morphology 1233:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 a smaller mineral deposit morphology 1207:1242 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 2 75 theme study 395:399 arg1 aims 383:386 The aims 379:386 The aims of the study 379:399 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 0 76 theme gum 21:23 arg1 hydrogel 25:32 gellan gum hydrogel 14:32 gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate 14:86 Composites of gellan gum hydrogel enzymatically mineralized with calcium-zinc phosphate for bone regeneration with antibacterial activity. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg2 ratios 834:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 three different molar Ca:Zn ratios 806:839 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg2 0.025:0.025 864:874 0.025:0.025 864:874 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ) 864:889 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg2 glycerophosphate 776:791 glycerophosphate 776:791 glycerophosphate 776:791 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg1 medium 759:764 Mineralization medium 744:764 Mineralization medium 744:764 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg2 0.05:0 842:847 0.05:0 842:847 0.05:0 842:847 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg2 m 799:799 0.05 m 794:799 0.05 m 794:799 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 3 77 contain contained 766:774 arg2 0.04:0.01 850:858 0.04:0.01 850:858 0.04:0.01 850:858 Mineralization medium contained glycerophosphate (0.05 m) and three different molar Ca:Zn ratios, 0.05:0, 0.04:0.01 and 0.025:0.025 (all mol/dm3 ), hereafter referred to as A, B and C, respectively. 26174042 5 78 theme Zn 1116:1117 arg1 presence 1104:1111 The presence 1100:1111 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C 1100:1142 The presence of Zn in sample groups B and C was associated with a drop in the amount of mineral formed and a smaller mineral deposit morphology, as observed by SEM. 26174042 2 79 theme mineralized 415:425 arg1 hydrogels 427:435 mineralized hydrogels 415:435 mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity 415:463 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 1 80 with mineralized 220:230 arg1 phosphates 237:246 phosphates 237:246 phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) 237:309 Gellan gum hydrogels functionalized with alkaline phosphatase were enzymatically mineralized with phosphates in mineralization medium containing calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) to improve their suitability as biomaterials for bone regeneration. 26174042 7 81 theme Sample 1432:1437 arg1 groups 1439:1444 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 81 theme Sample 1432:1437 arg1 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 81 theme Sample 1432:1437 arg1 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 2 82 theme Zn 485:486 arg1 incorporation 468:480 incorporation 468:480 incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase 468:509 The aims of the study were to endow mineralized hydrogels with antibacterial activity by incorporation of Zn in the inorganic phase, and to investigate the effect of Zn incorporation on the amount and type of mineral formed, the compressive modulus of the mineralized hydrogels and on their ability to support adhesion and growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. 26174042 7 83 dep revealed 1370:1377 arg1 showed 1466:1471 showed 1466:1471 showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1466:1563 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 84 theme group 1423:1427 arg1 groups 1439:1444 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 sample group C. Sample groups B and C 1416:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 84 theme group 1423:1427 arg1 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 C 1452:1452 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 7 84 theme group 1423:1427 arg1 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 B 1446:1446 Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in compressive modulus in sample group C. Sample groups B and C, but not A, showed antibacterial activity against biofilm-forming, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 26174042 8 85 theme cell 1594:1597 arg1 growth 1599:1604 cell growth 1594:1604 cell growth 1594:1604 All sample groups supported cell growth. 29174358 3 0 theme Fast 498:501 arg1 Flow 503:506 DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow 482:506 DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow 482:506 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 2 1 theme approaches 277:286 arg1 approaches 277:286 the most promising approaches 258:286 the most promising approaches in cancer therapy 258:304 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 2 1 theme approaches 277:286 arg1 one 251:253 one 251:253 one 251:253 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 5 2 theme partial 1113:1119 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 partial acid hydrolysis analysis 1113:1144 partial acid hydrolysis analysis 1113:1144 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 3 link T-linked 891:898 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 3 link T-linked 891:898 arg1 α-l-Araf 900:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 4 4 theme glucuronic 656:665 arg1 acid 667:670 glucuronic acid 656:670 glucuronic acid 656:670 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 2 5 theme most 262:265 arg1 approaches 277:286 the most promising approaches 258:286 the most promising approaches in cancer therapy 258:304 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 1 6 theme tumor 173:177 arg1 growth 179:184 tumor growth 173:184 tumor growth 173:184 Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and development. 29174358 4 7 from galactose 642:650 arg1 ratio 683:687 a molar ratio 675:687 a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95 675:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 0 8 theme sulfated 115:122 arg1 derivative 124:133 its sulfated derivative 111:133 its sulfated derivative 111:133 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 2 9 theme cancer 291:296 arg1 therapy 298:304 cancer therapy 291:304 cancer therapy 291:304 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 4 10 from arabinose 631:639 arg1 ratio 683:687 a molar ratio 675:687 a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95 675:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 6 11 theme LBP1B-S-2 1216:1224 arg1 derivative 1202:1211 The sulfated derivative 1189:1211 The sulfated derivative 1189:1211 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 5 12 theme C-3 1007:1009 arg1 position 1011:1018 C-3 position 1007:1018 C-3 position of 1 1007:1023 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 2 13 theme cells 234:238 arg1 angiogenesis 212:223 Blocking angiogenesis 203:223 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells 203:238 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 5 14 link 5-linked 932:939 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 14 link 5-linked 932:939 arg1 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 15 theme NMR 1176:1178 arg1 spectra 1180:1186 NMR spectra 1176:1186 NMR spectra 1176:1186 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-d-Galp 859:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-l-Rhap 963:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-d-Galp 1075:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 position 1051:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 α-l-Araf 900:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-d-Galp 881:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-l-Araf 919:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 16 theme 1 869:869 arg1 1 827:827 1 827:827 1 827:827 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 17 theme acidic 316:321 arg1 LBP1B-S-2 349:357 an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 313:357 an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 313:357 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 4 18 theme molar 677:681 arg1 ratio 683:687 a molar ratio 675:687 a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95 675:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 0 19 theme Lycium 60:65 arg1 fruits 50:55 fruits 50:55 fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 50:77 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 5 20 link 3-linked 764:771 arg1 β-d-Galp 773:780 3-linked β-d-Galp 764:780 3-linked β-d-Galp 764:780 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 859:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-l-Rhap 963:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 1075:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 position 1051:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 α-l-Araf 900:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 881:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-l-Araf 919:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 21 theme 4-linked 830:837 arg1 1 827:827 1 827:827 1 827:827 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 22 theme analysis 1159:1166 arg1 results 1102:1108 the results 1098:1108 the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra 1098:1186 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 23 theme LBP1B-S-2 734:742 arg1 backbone 722:729 The backbone 718:729 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 718:742 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 24 theme C-6 1047:1049 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 24 theme C-6 1047:1049 arg1 position 1051:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg1 1 783:783 1 783:783 1 783:783 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg1 1 761:761 1 761:761 1 761:761 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg2 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg2 1 827:827 1 827:827 1 827:827 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg1 β-d-Galp 795:802 6-linked β-d-Galp 786:802 6-linked β-d-Galp 786:802 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg1 β-d-Galp 773:780 3-linked β-d-Galp 764:780 3-linked β-d-Galp 764:780 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 25 contain contained 817:825 arg1 branches 808:815 branches 808:815 branches 808:815 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 4 26 dep 3.13 692:695 arg1 3.95 712:715 3.95 712:715 3.95 712:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 4 26 dep 3.13 692:695 arg1 39.37 705:709 39.37 705:709 39.37 705:709 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 4 26 dep 3.13 692:695 arg1 53.55 698:702 53.55 698:702 53.55 698:702 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 0 27 theme anti-angiogenic 83:97 arg1 activity 99:106 anti-angiogenic activity 83:106 anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative 83:133 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 3 28 theme designated 338:347 arg1 LBP1B-S-2 349:357 an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 313:357 an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 313:357 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 0 29 from fruits 50:55 arg1 activity 99:106 anti-angiogenic activity 83:106 anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative 83:133 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 0 29 from fruits 50:55 arg1 analysis 10:17 Structure analysis 0:17 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 0:134 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 0 29 from fruits 50:55 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 24:43 a heteropolysaccharide 22:43 a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 22:77 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 5 30 theme T-linked 910:917 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 30 theme T-linked 910:917 arg1 β-l-Araf 919:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 31 attach attached 995:1002 arg2 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 31 attach attached 995:1002 arg2 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 31 attach attached 995:1002 arg1 position 1011:1018 C-3 position 1007:1018 C-3 position of 1 1007:1023 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 6 32 theme endothelial 1297:1307 arg1 HMEC-1 1316:1321 HMEC-1 1316:1321 HMEC-1 1316:1321 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 6 32 theme endothelial 1297:1307 arg1 cells 1309:1313 human microvascular endothelial cells 1277:1313 human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 1277:1322 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 0 33 theme Structure 0:8 arg1 analysis 10:17 Structure analysis 0:17 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 0:134 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 5 34 theme 6-linked 872:879 arg1 β-d-Galp 881:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 34 theme 6-linked 872:879 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 35 theme average 367:373 arg1 weight 385:390 an average molecular weight 364:390 an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa 364:402 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 3 36 theme Sephacryl 512:520 arg1 HR 528:529 Sephacryl S-300 HR 512:529 Sephacryl S-300 HR 512:529 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 0 37 dep Lycium 60:65 arg1 L. 76:77 Lycium barbarum L. 60:77 Lycium barbarum L. 60:77 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 4 38 theme composition 555:565 arg1 analysis 567:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis 540:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis 540:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 3 39 theme mature 443:448 arg1 fruits 450:455 dried mature fruits 437:455 dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 437:477 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 0 40 theme heteropolysaccharide 24:43 arg1 analysis 10:17 Structure analysis 0:17 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 0:134 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 859:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-l-Rhap 963:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 1075:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 position 1051:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 α-l-Araf 900:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 881:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-l-Araf 919:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 41 link 4-linked 830:837 arg1 1 827:827 1 827:827 1 827:827 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 42 theme 80.00kDa 395:402 arg1 weight 385:390 an average molecular weight 364:390 an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa 364:402 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 6 43 theme microvascular 1283:1295 arg1 HMEC-1 1316:1321 HMEC-1 1316:1321 HMEC-1 1316:1321 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 6 43 theme microvascular 1283:1295 arg1 cells 1309:1313 human microvascular endothelial cells 1277:1313 human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 1277:1322 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 6 44 theme cells 1309:1313 arg1 formation 1264:1272 the tube formation 1255:1272 the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 1255:1322 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 5 45 theme T-linked 954:961 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 45 theme T-linked 954:961 arg1 β-l-Rhap 963:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 2 46 theme Blocking 203:210 arg1 angiogenesis 212:223 Blocking angiogenesis 203:223 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells 203:238 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 5 47 theme acid 1121:1124 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 partial acid hydrolysis analysis 1113:1144 partial acid hydrolysis analysis 1113:1144 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 48 theme S-300 522:526 arg1 HR 528:529 Sephacryl S-300 HR 512:529 Sephacryl S-300 HR 512:529 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 5 49 theme analysis 1137:1144 arg1 results 1102:1108 the results 1098:1108 the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra 1098:1186 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 50 dep Lycium 460:465 arg1 L. 476:477 Lycium barbarum L. 460:477 Lycium barbarum L. 460:477 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 3 51 theme Sepharose™ 487:496 arg1 Flow 503:506 DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow 482:506 DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow 482:506 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 6 52 theme 95nM 1354:1357 arg1 concentration 1336:1348 concentration 1336:1348 concentration of (95nM) 1336:1358 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 5 53 link 6-linked 872:879 arg1 β-d-Galp 881:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 53 link 6-linked 872:879 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 54 link T-linked 910:917 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 54 link T-linked 910:917 arg1 β-l-Araf 919:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 2 55 theme promising 267:275 arg1 approaches 277:286 the most promising approaches 258:286 the most promising approaches in cancer therapy 258:304 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 4 56 from acid 667:670 arg1 ratio 683:687 a molar ratio 675:687 a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95 675:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 0 57 theme derivative 124:133 arg1 activity 99:106 anti-angiogenic activity 83:106 anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative 83:133 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 0 57 theme derivative 124:133 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 24:43 a heteropolysaccharide 22:43 a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 22:77 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 5 58 theme 6-linked 786:793 arg1 β-d-Galp 795:802 6-linked β-d-Galp 786:802 6-linked β-d-Galp 786:802 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 59 link T-linked 954:961 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 59 link T-linked 954:961 arg1 β-l-Rhap 963:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 60 with LBP1B-S-2 349:357 arg1 weight 385:390 an average molecular weight 364:390 an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa 364:402 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 2 61 theme tumor 228:232 arg1 cells 234:238 tumor cells 228:238 tumor cells 228:238 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 5 62 theme T-linked 850:857 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 62 theme T-linked 850:857 arg1 β-d-Galp 859:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 4 63 theme 3.13 692:695 arg1 ratio 683:687 a molar ratio 675:687 a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95 675:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 6 64 theme sulfated 1193:1200 arg1 derivative 1202:1211 The sulfated derivative 1189:1211 The sulfated derivative 1189:1211 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 5 65 theme spectra 1180:1186 arg1 results 1102:1108 the results 1098:1108 the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra 1098:1186 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 4 66 from rhamnose 621:628 arg1 ratio 683:687 a molar ratio 675:687 a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95 675:715 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 5 67 theme IR 1169:1170 arg1 results 1102:1108 the results 1098:1108 the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra 1098:1186 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 2 68 from approaches 277:286 arg1 therapy 298:304 cancer therapy 291:304 cancer therapy 291:304 Blocking angiogenesis of tumor cells has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. 29174358 3 69 theme polysaccharide 323:336 arg1 LBP1B-S-2 349:357 an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 313:357 an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 313:357 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 5 70 theme methylation 1147:1157 arg1 analysis 1159:1166 methylation analysis 1147:1166 methylation analysis 1147:1166 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 6 71 theme tube 1259:1262 arg1 formation 1264:1272 the tube formation 1255:1272 the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 1255:1322 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 6 72 theme human 1277:1281 arg1 HMEC-1 1316:1321 HMEC-1 1316:1321 HMEC-1 1316:1321 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 6 72 theme human 1277:1281 arg1 cells 1309:1313 human microvascular endothelial cells 1277:1313 human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) 1277:1322 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 5 73 link 6-linked 786:793 arg1 β-d-Galp 795:802 6-linked β-d-Galp 786:802 6-linked β-d-Galp 786:802 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 1 74 theme crucial 157:163 arg1 role 165:168 a crucial role 155:168 a crucial role 155:168 Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and development. 29174358 0 75 from analysis 10:17 arg1 fruits 50:55 fruits 50:55 fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 50:77 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 0 76 theme activity 99:106 arg1 analysis 10:17 Structure analysis 0:17 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 0:134 Structure analysis of a heteropolysaccharide from fruits of Lycium barbarum L. and anti-angiogenic activity of its sulfated derivative. 29174358 5 77 theme T-linked 891:898 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 77 theme T-linked 891:898 arg1 α-l-Araf 900:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 78 theme 1 1023:1023 arg1 position 1011:1018 C-3 position 1007:1018 C-3 position of 1 1007:1023 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 79 link 6-linked 1026:1033 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 79 link 6-linked 1026:1033 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 80 theme dried 437:441 arg1 fruits 450:455 dried mature fruits 437:455 dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 437:477 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 5 81 theme 6-linked 1026:1033 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 81 theme 6-linked 1026:1033 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 4 82 theme Monosaccharide 540:553 arg1 analysis 567:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis 540:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis 540:574 Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the LBP1B-S-2 was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 3.13: 53.55: 39.37: 3.95. 29174358 5 83 theme 3-linked 764:771 arg1 β-d-Galp 773:780 3-linked β-d-Galp 764:780 3-linked β-d-Galp 764:780 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 84 dep Flow 503:506 arg1 columns 531:537 columns 531:537 columns 531:537 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 3 85 theme molecular 375:383 arg1 weight 385:390 an average molecular weight 364:390 an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa 364:402 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 3 86 theme Lycium 460:465 arg1 fruits 450:455 dried mature fruits 437:455 dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. 437:477 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 5 87 theme 5-linked 932:939 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 87 theme 5-linked 932:939 arg1 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 88 theme 1 1063:1063 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 88 theme 1 1063:1063 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 88 theme 1 1063:1063 arg1 position 1051:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 89 link 3-linked 1066:1073 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 89 link 3-linked 1066:1073 arg1 β-d-Galp 1075:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 3 90 theme DEAE 482:485 arg1 Flow 503:506 DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow 482:506 DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow 482:506 Here, an acidic polysaccharide designated LBP1B-S-2 with an average molecular weight of 80.00kDa, was extracted and purified from dried mature fruits of Lycium barbarum L. by DEAE Sepharose™ Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 HR columns. 29174358 5 91 theme 3-linked 1066:1073 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 91 theme 3-linked 1066:1073 arg1 β-d-Galp 1075:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 92 link T-linked 850:857 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 92 link T-linked 850:857 arg1 β-d-Galp 859:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 6 93 theme significant 1368:1378 arg1 cytotoxicity 1380:1391 significant cytotoxicity 1368:1391 significant cytotoxicity 1368:1391 The sulfated derivative of LBP1B-S-2, could significantly inhibit the tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in vitro at concentration of (95nM) without significant cytotoxicity. 29174358 5 94 theme hydrolysis 1126:1135 arg1 analysis 1137:1144 partial acid hydrolysis analysis 1113:1144 partial acid hydrolysis analysis 1113:1144 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-d-Galp 859:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 T-linked β-d-Galp 850:866 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-l-Rhap 963:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 T-linked β-l-Rhap 954:970 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-d-Galp 1075:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 3-linked β-d-Galp 1066:1082 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 position 1051:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 C-6 position 1047:1058 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 α-l-Araf 900:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 T-linked α-l-Araf 891:907 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-d-GlcpA 839:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 4-linked β-d-GlcpA 830:847 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 α-l-Araf 941:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 5-linked α-l-Araf 932:948 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-d-Galp 881:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 6-linked β-d-Galp 872:888 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-l-Araf 919:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 T-linked β-l-Araf 910:926 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 β-d-Galp 1035:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 6-linked β-d-Galp 1026:1042 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 29174358 5 95 theme 1 929:929 arg1 1 827:827 1 827:827 1 827:827 The backbone of LBP1B-S-2 was consisted of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp and branches contained 1, 4-linked β-d-GlcpA, T-linked β-d-Galp, 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp, T-linked α-l-Araf, T-linked β-l-Araf, 1, 5-linked α-l-Araf and T-linked β-l-Rhap directly or indirectly attached to C-3 position of 1, 6-linked β-d-Galp or C-6 position of 1, 3-linked β-d-Galp, according to the results of partial acid hydrolysis analysis, methylation analysis, IR and NMR spectra. 24274479 7 0 from tool 1051:1054 arg1 conditions 1087:1096 acute inflammatory conditions 1068:1096 acute inflammatory conditions 1068:1096 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 7 0 from tool 1051:1054 arg1 pain 1059:1062 pain 1059:1062 pain 1059:1062 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 3 1 theme PLS 376:378 arg1 composition 357:367 The monosaccharide composition 338:367 The monosaccharide composition of the PLS 338:378 The monosaccharide composition of the PLS showed galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose and 6-O-methylgalactose. 24274479 4 2 theme mg 456:457 arg1 -1 462:463 -1 462:463 -1 462:463 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 4 2 theme mg 456:457 arg1 kg 459:460 30 mg kg 453:460 30 mg kg(-1) 453:464 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 4 3 theme leucocyte 604:612 arg1 migration 614:622 leucocyte migration 604:622 leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity 604:649 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 6 4 theme first 910:914 arg1 time 916:919 the first time 906:919 the first time 906:919 This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. 24274479 2 5 theme ι 323:323 arg1 carrageenan 325:335 the ι carrageenan 319:335 the ι carrageenan 319:335 The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. 24274479 2 5 theme ι 323:323 arg1 constituent 296:306 The main constituent 287:306 The main constituent of PLS 287:313 The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. 24274479 5 6 theme licking 814:820 arg1 number 791:796 the number 787:796 the number of writhes 787:807 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 5 6 theme licking 814:820 arg1 time 822:825 the licking time 810:825 the licking time 810:825 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 5 7 theme response 868:875 arg1 time 860:863 the latency time 848:863 the latency time of response 848:875 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 7 8 theme acute 1068:1072 arg1 conditions 1087:1096 acute inflammatory conditions 1068:1096 acute inflammatory conditions 1068:1096 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 7 9 theme inflammatory 1074:1085 arg1 conditions 1087:1096 acute inflammatory conditions 1068:1096 acute inflammatory conditions 1068:1096 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 1 10 theme sulfated 109:116 arg1 fraction 139:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction 105:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima 105:173 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. 24274479 1 11 theme infrared 211:218 arg1 spectroscopy 220:231 infrared spectroscopy 211:231 infrared spectroscopy 211:231 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. 24274479 6 12 theme A. 984:985 arg1 ramosissima 987:997 A. ramosissima 984:997 A. ramosissima 984:997 This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. 24274479 1 13 theme polysaccharide 118:131 arg1 fraction 139:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction 105:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima 105:173 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. 24274479 5 14 theme antinociceptive 729:743 arg1 tests 745:749 the antinociceptive tests 725:749 the antinociceptive tests 725:749 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 4 15 from concentration 668:680 arg1 tissue 714:719 paw tissue 710:719 paw tissue 710:719 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 5 16 theme writhes 801:807 arg1 number 791:796 the number 787:796 the number of writhes 787:807 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 5 16 theme writhes 801:807 arg1 time 822:825 the licking time 810:825 the licking time 810:825 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 6 17 theme PLS 975:977 arg1 effects 964:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 921:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima 921:997 This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. 24274479 6 18 from ramosissima 987:997 arg1 effects 964:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 921:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima 921:997 This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. 24274479 5 19 theme latency 852:858 arg1 time 860:863 the latency time 848:863 the latency time of response 848:875 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 2 20 theme main 291:294 arg1 carrageenan 325:335 the ι carrageenan 319:335 the ι carrageenan 319:335 The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. 24274479 2 20 theme main 291:294 arg1 constituent 296:306 The main constituent 287:306 The main constituent of PLS 287:313 The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. 24274479 4 21 theme myeloperoxidase 685:699 arg1 concentration 668:680 the concentration 664:680 the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue 664:719 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 7 22 theme new 1039:1041 arg1 PLS 1024:1026 PLS 1024:1026 PLS 1024:1026 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 7 22 theme new 1039:1041 arg1 tool 1051:1054 a new natural tool 1037:1054 a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions 1037:1096 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 4 23 theme paw 493:495 arg1 oedema 497:502 the paw oedema 489:502 the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin 489:559 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 1 24 theme PLS 134:136 arg1 fraction 139:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction 105:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima 105:173 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. 24274479 0 25 theme chemical 54:61 arg1 structure 63:71 chemical structure 54:71 chemical structure 54:71 Polysaccharide isolated from Agardhiella ramosissima: chemical structure and anti-inflammation activity. 24274479 6 26 theme anti-nociceptive 947:962 arg1 effects 964:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 921:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima 921:997 This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. 24274479 7 27 theme natural 1043:1049 arg1 PLS 1024:1026 PLS 1024:1026 PLS 1024:1026 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 7 27 theme natural 1043:1049 arg1 tool 1051:1054 a new natural tool 1037:1054 a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions 1037:1096 Thus, we concluded that PLS could be a new natural tool in pain and acute inflammatory conditions. 24274479 5 28 with pre-treatment 756:768 arg1 PLS 775:777 PLS 775:777 PLS 775:777 In the antinociceptive tests, the pre-treatment with PLS reduced the number of writhes, the licking time but did not increase the latency time of response. 24274479 4 29 dep PLS 448:450 arg1 -1 462:463 -1 462:463 -1 462:463 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 4 29 dep PLS 448:450 arg1 kg 459:460 30 mg kg 453:460 30 mg kg(-1) 453:464 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 3 30 theme monosaccharide 342:355 arg1 composition 357:367 The monosaccharide composition 338:367 The monosaccharide composition of the PLS 338:378 The monosaccharide composition of the PLS showed galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose and 6-O-methylgalactose. 24274479 2 31 theme PLS 311:313 arg1 carrageenan 325:335 the ι carrageenan 319:335 the ι carrageenan 319:335 The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. 24274479 2 31 theme PLS 311:313 arg1 constituent 296:306 The main constituent 287:306 The main constituent of PLS 287:313 The main constituent of PLS was the ι carrageenan. 24274479 1 32 theme ramosissima 163:173 arg1 fraction 139:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction 105:146 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima 105:173 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. 24274479 4 33 theme peritoneal 633:642 arg1 cavity 644:649 the peritoneal cavity 629:649 the peritoneal cavity 629:649 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 24274479 0 34 theme anti-inflammation 77:93 arg1 activity 95:102 anti-inflammation activity 77:102 anti-inflammation activity 77:102 Polysaccharide isolated from Agardhiella ramosissima: chemical structure and anti-inflammation activity. 24274479 1 35 theme Agardhiella 151:161 arg1 ramosissima 163:173 Agardhiella ramosissima 151:173 Agardhiella ramosissima 151:173 The sulfated polysaccharide (PLS) fraction of Agardhiella ramosissima was characterized by microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, NMR and gas-liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry. 24274479 6 36 theme anti-inflammatory 925:941 arg1 effects 964:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects 921:970 the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima 921:997 This study demonstrates for the first time the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of PLS from A. ramosissima. 24274479 4 37 theme paw 710:712 arg1 tissue 714:719 paw tissue 710:719 paw tissue 710:719 The PLS (30 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the paw oedema induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin and also was able to significantly inhibit leucocyte migration into the peritoneal cavity and decrease the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in paw tissue. 26407005 4 0 attach attached 914:921 arg1 galactose 935:943 terminal galactose 926:943 terminal galactose 926:943 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 4 0 attach attached 914:921 arg2 acid 909:912 sialic acid 902:912 sialic acid attached to terminal galactose 902:943 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 2 1 theme PI-2a 316:320 arg1 polymers 328:335 the PI-2a pilus polymers 312:335 the PI-2a pilus polymers 312:335 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 4 2 theme affinity-purified 822:838 arg1 pili 846:849 affinity-purified PI-2a pili 822:849 affinity-purified PI-2a pili 822:849 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 10 3 theme PilA 2001:2004 arg1 stability 2006:2014 PilA stability 2001:2014 PilA stability 2001:2014 Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host. 26407005 8 4 theme glycosylated 1588:1599 arg1 residues 1612:1619 potentially glycosylated asparagine residues 1576:1619 potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence 1576:1636 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 3 5 theme Bark 656:659 arg1 EBL 669:671 EBL 669:671 EBL 669:671 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 3 5 theme Bark 656:659 arg1 Lectin 661:666 Elderberry Bark Lectin 645:666 Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 645:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 10 6 with interactions 2046:2057 arg1 host 2068:2071 the host 2064:2071 the host 2064:2071 Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host. 26407005 7 7 theme PilA 1414:1417 arg1 form 1406:1409 a secreted form 1395:1409 a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter 1395:1445 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 4 8 theme monosaccharide 772:785 arg1 composition 787:797 monosaccharide composition 772:797 monosaccharide composition 772:797 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 5 9 from Analysis 946:953 arg1 operon 1002:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 7 10 theme form 1406:1409 arg1 Expression 1381:1390 Expression 1381:1390 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter 1381:1445 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 6 11 theme Double 1124:1129 arg1 labeling 1131:1138 Double labeling 1124:1138 Double labeling 1124:1138 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 6 12 attach attached 1230:1237 arg2 acid 1225:1228 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1206:1228 N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose 1206:1250 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 6 12 attach attached 1230:1237 arg1 galactose 1242:1250 galactose 1242:1250 galactose 1242:1250 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 8 13 from pneumoniae 1733:1742 arg1 RrgA 1720:1723 the close homolog RrgA 1702:1723 the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae 1702:1742 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 10 14 theme first 1888:1892 arg1 evidence 1894:1901 the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated 1884:1947 the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated 1884:1947 Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host. 26407005 6 15 theme EBL 1300:1302 arg1 binding 1289:1295 a characteristic binding 1272:1295 a characteristic binding of EBL 1272:1302 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 3 16 theme PI-2a 507:511 arg1 pili 513:516 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili 489:516 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 489:539 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 5 17 from mutants 975:981 arg1 operon 1002:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 1 18 theme commensal 178:186 arg1 agalactiae 130:139 Streptococcus agalactiae 116:139 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) 116:171 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 18 theme commensal 178:186 arg1 bacterium 188:196 a commensal bacterium 176:196 a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 176:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 2 19 theme biofilm 470:476 arg1 formation 478:486 biofilm formation 470:486 biofilm formation 470:486 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 6 20 theme N-acetylneuraminic 1206:1223 arg1 acid 1225:1228 N-acetylneuraminic acid 1206:1228 N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose 1206:1250 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 1 21 from tracts 236:241 arg1 present 198:204 present 198:204 present 198:204 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 5 22 theme microscopy 1040:1049 arg1 analyses 1051:1058 flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses 1012:1058 flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses 1012:1058 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 1 23 theme present 198:204 arg1 agalactiae 130:139 Streptococcus agalactiae 116:139 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) 116:171 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 23 theme present 198:204 arg1 bacterium 188:196 a commensal bacterium 176:196 a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 176:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 10 24 theme tip 1912:1914 arg1 adhesin 1921:1927 the tip PilA adhesin 1908:1927 the tip PilA adhesin 1908:1927 Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host. 26407005 5 25 theme pilus 996:1000 arg1 operon 1002:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 8 26 theme homolog 1712:1718 arg1 RrgA 1720:1723 the close homolog RrgA 1702:1723 the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae 1702:1742 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 1 27 theme Streptococcus 116:128 arg1 agalactiae 130:139 Streptococcus agalactiae 116:139 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) 116:171 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 27 theme Streptococcus 116:128 arg1 bacterium 188:196 a commensal bacterium 176:196 a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 176:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 3 28 theme acid 579:582 arg1 lectins 629:635 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins 560:635 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 560:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 3 28 theme acid 579:582 arg1 Lectin 661:666 Elderberry Bark Lectin 645:666 Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 645:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 7 29 theme GBS 1542:1544 arg1 context 1546:1552 the native GBS context 1531:1552 the native GBS context 1531:1552 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 4 30 theme terminal 926:933 arg1 galactose 935:943 terminal galactose 926:943 terminal galactose 926:943 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 6 31 theme EBL 1164:1166 arg1 lectin 1168:1173 EBL lectin 1164:1173 EBL lectin 1164:1173 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 0 32 theme PI-2a 42:46 arg1 Adhesin 65:71 the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin 38:71 the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316 38:113 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 0 32 theme PI-2a 42:46 arg1 PilA 32:35 PilA 32:35 PilA 32:35 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 1 33 theme Group 145:149 arg1 GBS 168:170 GBS 168:170 GBS 168:170 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 33 theme Group 145:149 arg1 Streptococcus 153:165 Group B Streptococcus 145:165 Group B Streptococcus 145:165 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 5 34 from operon 1002:1007 arg1 Analysis 946:953 Analysis 946:953 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses 946:1058 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 4 35 theme sialic 902:907 arg1 acid 909:912 sialic acid 902:912 sialic acid attached to terminal galactose 902:943 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 1 36 dep agalactiae 130:139 arg1 GBS 168:170 GBS 168:170 GBS 168:170 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 36 dep agalactiae 130:139 arg1 Streptococcus 153:165 Group B Streptococcus 145:165 Group B Streptococcus 145:165 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 0 37 theme Streptococcus 76:88 arg1 Strain 101:106 Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316 76:113 Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316 76:113 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 8 38 dep appear 1670:1675 arg1 conserved 1677:1685 conserved 1677:1685 conserved 1677:1685 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 8 38 dep appear 1670:1675 arg1 exposed 1691:1697 exposed 1691:1697 exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae 1691:1742 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 8 39 from residues 1612:1619 arg1 sequence 1629:1636 PilA sequence 1624:1636 PilA sequence 1624:1636 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 2 40 theme backbone 350:357 arg1 PilA 387:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 40 theme backbone 350:357 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 40 theme backbone 350:357 arg1 PilC 425:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 0 41 theme Strain 101:106 arg1 Adhesin 65:71 the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin 38:71 the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316 38:113 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 0 41 theme Strain 101:106 arg1 PilA 32:35 PilA 32:35 PilA 32:35 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 6 42 theme localization 1367:1378 arg1 reminiscent 1347:1357 reminiscent 1347:1357 reminiscent 1347:1357 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 0 43 dep Streptococcus 76:88 arg1 agalactiae 90:99 agalactiae 90:99 agalactiae 90:99 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 2 44 theme adhesin 379:385 arg1 PilA 387:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 44 theme adhesin 379:385 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 6 45 theme pilus 1322:1326 arg1 structures 1328:1337 the pilus structures 1318:1337 the pilus structures 1318:1337 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 3 46 from strain 527:532 arg1 pili 513:516 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili 489:516 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 489:539 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 2 47 theme anchor 410:415 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 47 theme anchor 410:415 arg1 PilC 425:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 4 48 theme different 740:748 arg1 lectins 750:756 twenty different lectins 733:756 twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC 733:805 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 6 49 theme PilA 1362:1365 arg1 localization 1367:1378 PilA localization 1362:1378 PilA localization 1362:1378 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 2 50 theme cell 400:403 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 50 theme cell 400:403 arg1 PilC 425:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 6 51 theme reminiscent 1347:1357 arg1 structures 1328:1337 the pilus structures 1318:1337 the pilus structures 1318:1337 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 5 52 theme PI-2a 990:994 arg1 operon 1002:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 the PI-2a pilus operon 986:1007 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 4 53 theme Glycan 711:716 arg1 profiling 718:726 Glycan profiling 711:726 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC 711:805 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 8 54 theme asparagine 1601:1610 arg1 residues 1612:1619 potentially glycosylated asparagine residues 1576:1619 potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence 1576:1636 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 9 55 theme residues 1801:1808 arg1 Conversion 1767:1776 Conversion 1767:1776 Conversion of these two asparagyl residues to glutamyl 1767:1820 Conversion of these two asparagyl residues to glutamyl resulted in a higher instability of PilA. 26407005 1 56 theme intestinal 213:222 arg1 tracts 236:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts 209:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 209:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 7 57 theme inducible 1428:1436 arg1 promoter 1438:1445 an inducible promoter 1425:1445 an inducible promoter 1425:1445 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 5 58 theme relevant 966:973 arg1 mutants 975:981 various relevant mutants 958:981 various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon 958:1007 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 8 59 theme In 1555:1556 arg1 search 1565:1570 In silico search 1555:1570 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence 1555:1636 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 6 60 theme 6 1260:1260 arg1 α-2 1255:1257 α-2 1255:1257 α-2 1255:1257 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 2 61 theme pilus 322:326 arg1 polymers 328:335 the PI-2a pilus polymers 312:335 the PI-2a pilus polymers 312:335 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 1 62 theme urinary 228:234 arg1 tracts 236:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts 209:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 209:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 3 63 theme specific 620:627 arg1 lectins 629:635 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins 560:635 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 560:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 3 63 theme specific 620:627 arg1 Lectin 661:666 Elderberry Bark Lectin 645:666 Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 645:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 6 64 theme PilB 1146:1149 arg1 antibody 1151:1158 PilB antibody 1146:1158 PilB antibody 1146:1158 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 9 65 theme higher 1836:1841 arg1 instability 1843:1853 a higher instability 1834:1853 a higher instability of PilA 1834:1861 Conversion of these two asparagyl residues to glutamyl resulted in a higher instability of PilA. 26407005 9 66 theme PilA 1858:1861 arg1 instability 1843:1853 a higher instability 1834:1853 a higher instability of PilA 1834:1861 Conversion of these two asparagyl residues to glutamyl resulted in a higher instability of PilA. 26407005 7 67 theme secreted 1397:1404 arg1 form 1406:1409 a secreted form 1395:1409 a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter 1395:1445 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 3 68 theme Elderberry 645:654 arg1 Bark 656:659 Elderberry Bark 645:659 Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 645:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 3 69 theme Affinity-purified 489:505 arg1 pili 513:516 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili 489:516 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 489:539 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 5 70 theme electron 1031:1038 arg1 microscopy 1040:1049 electron microscopy 1031:1049 electron microscopy 1031:1049 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 10 71 theme PilA 1916:1919 arg1 adhesin 1921:1927 the tip PilA adhesin 1908:1927 the tip PilA adhesin 1908:1927 Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host. 26407005 6 72 theme characteristic 1274:1287 arg1 binding 1289:1295 a characteristic binding 1272:1295 a characteristic binding of EBL 1272:1302 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 3 73 theme GBS 523:525 arg1 strain 527:532 GBS strain NEM316 523:539 GBS strain NEM316 523:539 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 1 74 from present 198:204 arg1 tracts 236:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts 209:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 209:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 4 75 theme PI-2a 840:844 arg1 pili 846:849 affinity-purified PI-2a pili 822:849 affinity-purified PI-2a pili 822:849 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 3 76 theme N-acetylneuraminic 560:577 arg1 acid 579:582 N-acetylneuraminic acid 560:582 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) 560:672 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 8 77 theme close 1706:1710 arg1 RrgA 1720:1723 the close homolog RrgA 1702:1723 the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae 1702:1742 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 7 78 theme native 1535:1540 arg1 context 1546:1552 the native GBS context 1531:1552 the native GBS context 1531:1552 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 0 79 theme Pilus-Associated 48:63 arg1 Adhesin 65:71 the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin 38:71 the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316 38:113 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 0 79 theme Pilus-Associated 48:63 arg1 PilA 32:35 PilA 32:35 PilA 32:35 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 5 80 theme flow-cytometry 1012:1025 arg1 analyses 1051:1058 flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses 1012:1058 flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses 1012:1058 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 3 81 gly sialylated 699:708 arg1 pili 690:693 pili 690:693 pili 690:693 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 6 82 theme structures 1328:1337 arg1 tip 1311:1313 the tip 1307:1313 the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization 1307:1378 Double labeling using PilB antibody and EBL lectin, which specifically recognizes N-acetylneuraminic acid attached to galactose in α-2, 6, revealed a characteristic binding of EBL at the tip of the pilus structures, highly reminiscent of PilA localization. 26407005 5 83 theme pilus 1083:1087 arg1 subunit 1089:1095 the pilus subunit 1079:1095 the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation 1079:1121 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 1 84 theme B 151:151 arg1 GBS 168:170 GBS 168:170 GBS 168:170 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 84 theme B 151:151 arg1 Streptococcus 153:165 Group B Streptococcus 145:165 Group B Streptococcus 145:165 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 2 85 theme protein 417:423 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 85 theme protein 417:423 arg1 PilC 425:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 4 86 with profiling 718:726 arg1 lectins 750:756 twenty different lectins 733:756 twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC 733:805 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 7 87 theme EBL 1503:1505 arg1 lectin 1507:1512 EBL lectin 1503:1512 EBL lectin 1503:1512 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 2 88 theme host 451:454 arg1 epithelia 456:464 host epithelia 451:464 host epithelia 451:464 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 8 89 dep In 1555:1556 arg1 silico 1558:1563 silico 1558:1563 silico 1558:1563 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 8 90 theme likely 1748:1753 arg1 candidates 1755:1764 likely candidates 1748:1764 likely candidates 1748:1764 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 4 91 mod modified 855:862 arg1 pili 846:849 affinity-purified PI-2a pili 822:849 affinity-purified PI-2a pili 822:849 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 4 91 mod modified 855:862 arg3 N-glycosylation 867:881 N-glycosylation 867:881 N-glycosylation 867:881 Glycan profiling with twenty different lectins combined with monosaccharide composition by HPLC suggested that affinity-purified PI-2a pili are modified by N-glycosylation and decorated with sialic acid attached to terminal galactose. 26407005 1 92 theme % 262:262 arg1 tracts 236:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts 209:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 209:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 2 93 theme tip 375:377 arg1 PilA 387:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 93 theme tip 375:377 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 0 94 theme PilA 32:35 arg1 Sialylation 17:27 the Sialylation 13:27 the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316 13:113 Evidence for the Sialylation of PilA, the PI-2a Pilus-Associated Adhesin of Streptococcus agalactiae Strain NEM316. 26407005 1 95 theme humans 267:272 arg1 humans 267:272 humans 267:272 humans 267:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 95 theme humans 267:272 arg1 % 262:262 approximately 30% 246:262 approximately 30% of humans 246:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 5 96 theme mutants 975:981 arg1 Analysis 946:953 Analysis 946:953 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses 946:1058 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26407005 2 97 theme wall 405:408 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 97 theme wall 405:408 arg1 PilC 425:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 98 theme pilin 359:363 arg1 PilA 387:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 the tip adhesin PilA 371:390 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 98 theme pilin 359:363 arg1 PilB 365:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 the backbone pilin PilB 346:368 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 2 98 theme pilin 359:363 arg1 PilC 425:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 the cell wall anchor protein PilC 396:428 We and others previously showed that the PI-2a pilus polymers, made of the backbone pilin PilB, the tip adhesin PilA and the cell wall anchor protein PilC, promote adhesion to host epithelia and biofilm formation. 26407005 3 99 theme sialic 607:612 arg1 acid 614:617 sialic acid 607:617 sialic acid 607:617 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 8 100 gly glycosylated 1588:1599 arg1 residues 1612:1619 potentially glycosylated asparagine residues 1576:1619 potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence 1576:1636 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 7 101 theme recombinant 1464:1474 arg1 PilA 1476:1479 this recombinant PilA 1459:1479 this recombinant PilA 1459:1479 Expression of a secreted form of PilA using an inducible promoter showed that this recombinant PilA binds specifically to EBL lectin when produced in the native GBS context. 26407005 10 102 gly glycosylated 1936:1947 arg1 adhesin 1921:1927 the tip PilA adhesin 1908:1927 the tip PilA adhesin 1908:1927 Our results provide the first evidence that the tip PilA adhesin can be glycosylated, and suggest that this modification is critical for PilA stability and may potentially influence interactions with the host. 26407005 9 103 theme asparagyl 1791:1799 arg1 residues 1801:1808 these two asparagyl residues 1781:1808 these two asparagyl residues 1781:1808 Conversion of these two asparagyl residues to glutamyl resulted in a higher instability of PilA. 26407005 1 104 attach present 198:204 arg1 tracts 236:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts 209:241 the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 209:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 104 attach present 198:204 arg2 bacterium 188:196 a commensal bacterium 176:196 a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans 176:272 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 1 104 attach present 198:204 arg2 agalactiae 130:139 Streptococcus agalactiae 116:139 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) 116:171 Streptococcus agalactiae (or Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal bacterium present in the intestinal and urinary tracts of approximately 30% of humans. 26407005 8 105 theme PilA 1624:1627 arg1 sequence 1629:1636 PilA sequence 1624:1636 PilA sequence 1624:1636 In silico search for potentially glycosylated asparagine residues in PilA sequence pointed to N427 and N597, which appear conserved and exposed in the close homolog RrgA from S. pneumoniae, as likely candidates. 26407005 3 106 dep acid 579:582 arg1 NeuNAc 585:590 NeuNAc 585:590 NeuNAc 585:590 Affinity-purified PI-2a pili from GBS strain NEM316 were recognized by N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc, also known as sialic acid) specific lectins such as Elderberry Bark Lectin (EBL) suggesting that pili are sialylated. 26407005 5 107 theme various 958:964 arg1 mutants 975:981 various relevant mutants 958:981 various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon 958:1007 Analysis of various relevant mutants in the PI-2a pilus operon by flow-cytometry and electron microscopy analyses pointed to PilA as the pilus subunit modified by glycosylation. 26258607 3 0 theme Galactosylated 339:352 arg1 polymers 354:361 Galactosylated polymers 339:361 Galactosylated polymers 339:361 Galactosylated polymers are therefore explored for targeted gene delivery to the liver. 26258607 6 1 theme hepatocytes 1072:1082 arg1 preincubation 1055:1067 preincubation 1055:1067 preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin 1055:1105 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 6 2 with polyplexes 997:1006 arg1 polymers 1019:1026 these polymers 1013:1026 these polymers 1013:1026 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 4 3 theme reversible 630:639 arg1 process 679:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 4 4 theme different 561:569 arg1 architectures 571:583 different architectures 561:583 different architectures 561:583 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 1 5 theme gene 175:178 arg1 therapy 180:186 gene therapy 175:186 gene therapy to the liver 175:199 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. 26258607 6 6 theme free 1089:1092 arg1 asialofetuin 1094:1105 free asialofetuin 1089:1105 free asialofetuin 1089:1105 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 3 7 theme targeted 390:397 arg1 delivery 404:411 targeted gene delivery 390:411 targeted gene delivery to the liver 390:424 Galactosylated polymers are therefore explored for targeted gene delivery to the liver. 26258607 5 8 theme polymers 734:741 arg1 properties 714:723 The physical and chemical properties 688:723 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers 688:741 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 4 9 theme chain 664:668 arg1 process 679:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 3 10 theme gene 399:402 arg1 delivery 404:411 targeted gene delivery 390:411 targeted gene delivery to the liver 390:424 Galactosylated polymers are therefore explored for targeted gene delivery to the liver. 26258607 8 11 from uptake 1358:1363 arg1 results 1317:1323 The results 1313:1323 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, 1313:1437 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 11 from uptake 1358:1363 arg1 Hep1 1418:1421 SK Hep1 1415:1421 SK Hep1 1415:1421 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 11 from uptake 1358:1363 arg1 cells 1432:1436 HeLa cells 1427:1436 HeLa cells 1427:1436 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 11 from uptake 1358:1363 arg1 cells 1386:1390 cells 1386:1390 cells 1386:1390 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 4 12 theme addition-fragmentation 641:662 arg1 process 679:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 6 13 theme Transfection 959:970 arg1 efficiency 972:981 Transfection efficiency 959:981 Transfection efficiency 959:981 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 5 14 theme physical 692:699 arg1 properties 714:723 The physical and chemical properties 688:723 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers 688:741 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 5 15 theme such 810:813 arg1 copolymers 821:830 such block copolymers 810:830 such block copolymers 810:830 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 8 16 from efficiency 1343:1352 arg1 results 1317:1323 The results 1313:1323 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, 1313:1437 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 16 from efficiency 1343:1352 arg1 Hep1 1418:1421 SK Hep1 1415:1421 SK Hep1 1415:1421 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 16 from efficiency 1343:1352 arg1 cells 1432:1436 HeLa cells 1427:1436 HeLa cells 1427:1436 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 16 from efficiency 1343:1352 arg1 cells 1386:1390 cells 1386:1390 cells 1386:1390 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 1 17 theme efficient 104:112 arg1 vector 152:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. 26258607 0 18 theme Receptor-Mediated 19:35 arg1 Delivery 42:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery 0:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes 0:64 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. 26258607 5 19 theme chemical 705:712 arg1 properties 714:723 The physical and chemical properties 688:723 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers 688:741 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 7 20 theme ASGPR-mediated 1285:1298 arg1 endocytosis 1300:1310 ASGPR-mediated endocytosis 1285:1310 ASGPR-mediated endocytosis 1285:1310 The results confirmed that polyplexes with these polymers were taken up specifically by hepatocytes via ASGPR-mediated endocytosis. 26258607 5 21 theme ASGPR 929:933 arg1 hepatocytes 946:956 ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 929:956 ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 929:956 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 0 22 theme Asialoglycoprotein 0:17 arg1 Delivery 42:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery 0:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes 0:64 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. 26258607 4 23 theme molecular 604:612 arg1 weights 614:620 molecular weights 604:620 molecular weights 604:620 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 1 24 theme specific 115:122 arg1 vector 152:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. 26258607 5 25 theme expressing 935:944 arg1 hepatocytes 946:956 ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 929:956 ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 929:956 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 5 26 theme gene 766:769 arg1 efficacy 780:787 gene delivery efficacy 766:787 gene delivery efficacy 766:787 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 5 27 contain have 889:892 arg1 copolymers 821:830 such block copolymers 810:830 such block copolymers 810:830 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 5 27 contain have 889:892 arg2 efficiency 913:922 high gene delivery efficiency 894:922 high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 894:956 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 0 28 theme Gene 37:40 arg1 Delivery 42:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery 0:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes 0:64 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. 26258607 5 29 theme delivery 771:778 arg1 efficacy 780:787 gene delivery efficacy 766:787 gene delivery efficacy 766:787 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 9 30 theme genes 1604:1608 arg1 delivery 1571:1578 delivery 1571:1578 delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver 1571:1634 Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver. 26258607 5 31 theme high 894:897 arg1 efficiency 913:922 high gene delivery efficiency 894:922 high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 894:956 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 9 32 dep in 1477:1478 arg1 vitro 1480:1484 vitro 1480:1484 vitro 1480:1484 Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver. 26258607 9 33 theme important 1594:1602 arg1 genes 1604:1608 clinically important genes 1583:1608 clinically important genes 1583:1608 Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver. 26258607 4 34 theme glycopolymers 472:484 arg1 library 429:435 A library 427:435 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes 427:535 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 0 35 gly Asialoglycoprotein 0:17 arg1 Asialoglycoprotein 0:17 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery 0:49 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes 0:64 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. 26258607 8 36 theme polymers 1374:1381 arg1 efficiency 1343:1352 transfection efficiency 1330:1352 transfection efficiency 1330:1352 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 36 theme polymers 1374:1381 arg1 uptake 1358:1363 uptake 1358:1363 uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, 1358:1437 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 5 37 theme gene 899:902 arg1 efficiency 913:922 high gene delivery efficiency 894:922 high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 894:956 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 6 38 theme free 1120:1123 arg1 asialofetuin 1125:1136 free asialofetuin 1120:1136 free asialofetuin 1120:1136 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 8 39 theme transfection 1330:1341 arg1 efficiency 1343:1352 transfection efficiency 1330:1352 transfection efficiency 1330:1352 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 5 40 theme delivery 904:911 arg1 efficiency 913:922 high gene delivery efficiency 894:922 high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes 894:956 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 0 41 theme Galactosylated 72:85 arg1 Polymers 87:94 Galactosylated Polymers 72:94 Galactosylated Polymers 72:94 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor-Mediated Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes Using Galactosylated Polymers. 26258607 1 42 theme nontoxic 129:136 arg1 vector 152:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. 26258607 5 43 theme stable 855:860 arg1 complexes 862:870 more stable complexes 850:870 more stable complexes 850:870 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 9 44 theme in 1477:1478 arg1 assays 1499:1504 in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1477:1504 in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1477:1504 Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver. 26258607 5 45 theme great 750:754 arg1 impact 756:761 a great impact 748:761 a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes 748:804 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 2 46 theme asialoglycoprotein 234:251 arg1 ASGPR 263:267 ASGPR 263:267 ASGPR 263:267 Hepatocytes exclusively express asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which can recognize and bind to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. 26258607 2 46 theme asialoglycoprotein 234:251 arg1 receptor 253:260 asialoglycoprotein receptor 234:260 asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) 234:268 Hepatocytes exclusively express asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which can recognize and bind to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. 26258607 1 47 theme gene 138:141 arg1 vector 152:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. 26258607 4 48 theme safe 440:443 arg1 glycopolymers 472:484 safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers 440:484 safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes 440:535 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 1 49 theme delivery 143:150 arg1 vector 152:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector 97:157 Highly efficient, specific, and nontoxic gene delivery vector is required for gene therapy to the liver. 26258607 9 50 theme cytotoxicity 1486:1497 arg1 assays 1499:1504 in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1477:1504 in vitro cytotoxicity assays 1477:1504 Since in vitro cytotoxicity assays prove these glycopolymers to be nontoxic, they may be useful for delivery of clinically important genes specifically to the liver. 26258607 5 51 contain have 743:746 arg1 properties 714:723 The physical and chemical properties 688:723 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers 688:741 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 5 51 contain have 743:746 arg2 impact 756:761 a great impact 748:761 a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes 748:804 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 6 52 with preincubation 1055:1067 arg1 asialofetuin 1094:1105 free asialofetuin 1089:1105 free asialofetuin 1089:1105 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 4 53 theme galactose-based 456:470 arg1 glycopolymers 472:484 safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers 440:484 safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes 440:535 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 7 54 with polyplexes 1208:1217 arg1 polymers 1230:1237 these polymers 1224:1237 these polymers 1224:1237 The results confirmed that polyplexes with these polymers were taken up specifically by hepatocytes via ASGPR-mediated endocytosis. 26258607 4 55 theme transfer 670:677 arg1 process 679:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process 626:685 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 5 56 theme block 815:819 arg1 copolymers 821:830 such block copolymers 810:830 such block copolymers 810:830 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 26258607 4 57 theme stable 449:454 arg1 glycopolymers 472:484 safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers 440:484 safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes 440:535 A library of safe and stable galactose-based glycopolymers that can specifically deliver genes to hepatocytes were synthesized having different architectures, compositions, and molecular weights via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. 26258607 8 58 theme HeLa 1427:1430 arg1 cells 1432:1436 HeLa cells 1427:1436 HeLa cells 1427:1436 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 8 59 theme SK 1415:1416 arg1 Hep1 1418:1421 SK Hep1 1415:1421 SK Hep1 1415:1421 The results from transfection efficiency and uptake of these polymers in cells without ASGPR, such as SK Hep1 and HeLa cells, further support this mechanism. 26258607 2 60 gly asialoglycoprotein 234:251 arg1 asialoglycoprotein 234:251 asialoglycoprotein receptor 234:260 asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) 234:268 Hepatocytes exclusively express asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which can recognize and bind to galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine. 26258607 6 61 theme polyplexes 997:1006 arg1 uptake 987:992 uptake 987:992 uptake 987:992 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 6 61 theme polyplexes 997:1006 arg1 efficiency 972:981 Transfection efficiency 959:981 Transfection efficiency 959:981 Transfection efficiency and uptake of polyplexes with these polymers decreased significantly by preincubation of hepatocytes with free asialofetuin or by adding free asialofetuin together with polyplexes into hepatocytes. 26258607 5 62 from impact 756:761 arg1 efficacy 780:787 gene delivery efficacy 766:787 gene delivery efficacy 766:787 The physical and chemical properties of these polymers have a great impact on gene delivery efficacy into hepatocytes, as such block copolymers are found to form more stable complexes with plasmid and have high gene delivery efficiency into ASGPR expressing hepatocytes. 25344425 9 0 theme ECM 1289:1291 arg1 material 1293:1300 ECM material 1289:1300 ECM material 1289:1300 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 4 1 theme ECM 685:687 arg1 roles 645:649 roles 645:649 roles 645:649 However, the roles and composition of this microbial ECM are still poorly understood. 25344425 4 1 theme ECM 685:687 arg1 composition 655:665 composition 655:665 composition 655:665 However, the roles and composition of this microbial ECM are still poorly understood. 25344425 8 2 theme chemical 1109:1116 arg1 methods 1118:1124 Additional chemical methods 1098:1124 Additional chemical methods 1098:1124 Additional chemical methods were also used to test for uronic acids and sulphation. 25344425 1 3 theme multicellular 133:145 arg1 matrix 175:180 the extracellular matrix 157:180 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 157:186 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 1 3 theme multicellular 133:145 arg1 organism 147:154 a multicellular organism 131:154 a multicellular organism 131:154 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 11 4 theme S. 1546:1547 arg1 yECM 1560:1563 S. cerevisiae yECM 1546:1563 S. cerevisiae yECM 1546:1563 S. cerevisiae yECM presented two well-defined polysaccharides with different mass/charge, and C. albicans ECM presented a single different one. 25344425 9 5 theme material 1293:1300 arg1 material 1293:1300 ECM material 1289:1300 ECM material 1289:1300 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 9 5 theme material 1293:1300 arg1 amounts 1278:1284 high amounts 1273:1284 high amounts of ECM material 1273:1300 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 9 6 theme high 1273:1276 arg1 material 1293:1300 ECM material 1289:1300 ECM material 1289:1300 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 9 6 theme high 1273:1276 arg1 amounts 1278:1284 high amounts 1273:1284 high amounts of ECM material 1273:1300 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 12 7 theme sulphate 1803:1810 arg1 substitution 1812:1823 sulphate substitution 1803:1823 sulphate substitution 1803:1823 The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. 25344425 3 8 theme extracellular 489:501 arg1 substance 513:521 an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 477:521 an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 477:521 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 13 9 theme sensible 1887:1894 arg1 approach 1908:1915 the first sensible and concise approach 1877:1915 the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 1877:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 8 10 used used 1136:1139 arg2 methods 1118:1124 Additional chemical methods 1098:1124 Additional chemical methods 1098:1124 Additional chemical methods were also used to test for uronic acids and sulphation. 25344425 10 11 from albicans 1481:1488 arg1 yECM 1450:1453 yECM 1450:1453 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans 1450:1488 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans displayed a different proteome and glycoside fractions. 25344425 10 12 theme glycoside 1525:1533 arg1 fractions 1535:1543 glycoside fractions 1525:1543 glycoside fractions 1525:1543 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans displayed a different proteome and glycoside fractions. 25344425 5 13 dep C. 785:786 arg1 albicans 788:795 albicans 788:795 albicans 788:795 RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. 25344425 13 14 dep ECM 1977:1979 arg1 opening 1982:1988 opening 1982:1988 opening 1982:1988 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 15 theme multicellular 2035:2047 arg1 structure 2060:2068 structure 2060:2068 structure 2060:2068 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 15 theme multicellular 2035:2047 arg1 aggregates 2049:2058 the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2023:2083 the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2023:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 15 theme multicellular 2035:2047 arg1 life-style 2074:2083 life-style 2074:2083 life-style 2074:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 0 16 theme analytical 73:82 arg1 use 84:86 analytical use 73:86 analytical use in proteomics and glycomics 73:114 Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics. 25344425 13 17 theme in-depth 2005:2012 arg1 study 2014:2018 the in-depth study 2001:2018 the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2001:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 3 18 theme ECM-like 480:487 arg1 substance 513:521 an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 477:521 an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 477:521 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 12 19 theme chemical 1694:1701 arg1 methods 1703:1709 The chemical methods 1690:1709 The chemical methods 1690:1709 The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. 25344425 1 20 theme biophysical 250:260 arg1 integrity 262:270 the biophysical integrity 246:270 the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs 246:292 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 4 21 theme microbial 675:683 arg1 ECM 685:687 this microbial ECM 670:687 this microbial ECM 670:687 However, the roles and composition of this microbial ECM are still poorly understood. 25344425 13 22 theme concise 1900:1906 arg1 approach 1908:1915 the first sensible and concise approach 1877:1915 the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 1877:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 8 23 theme uronic 1153:1158 arg1 acids 1160:1164 uronic acids 1153:1164 uronic acids 1153:1164 Additional chemical methods were also used to test for uronic acids and sulphation. 25344425 13 24 theme first 1881:1885 arg1 approach 1908:1915 the first sensible and concise approach 1877:1915 the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 1877:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 5 25 theme C. 785:786 arg1 ECM 797:799 S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM 767:799 S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM 767:799 RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. 25344425 9 26 from albicans 1328:1335 arg1 extract 1265:1271 extract 1265:1271 extract 1265:1271 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 1 27 from BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 matrix 175:180 the extracellular matrix 157:180 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 157:186 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 1 27 from BACKGROUND 117:126 arg1 organism 147:154 a multicellular organism 131:154 a multicellular organism 131:154 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 3 28 theme bacterial 555:563 arg1 aggregates 590:599 bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates 555:599 bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates 555:599 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 3 28 theme bacterial 555:563 arg1 colonies 622:629 colonies 622:629 colonies 622:629 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 3 28 theme bacterial 555:563 arg1 biofilms 610:617 biofilms 610:617 biofilms 610:617 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 1 29 theme extracellular 161:173 arg1 ECM 183:185 ECM 183:185 ECM 183:185 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 1 29 theme extracellular 161:173 arg1 matrix 175:180 the extracellular matrix 157:180 the extracellular matrix (ECM) 157:186 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 1 29 theme extracellular 161:173 arg1 organism 147:154 a multicellular organism 131:154 a multicellular organism 131:154 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 5 30 dep S. 767:768 arg1 cerevisiae 770:779 cerevisiae 770:779 cerevisiae 770:779 RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. 25344425 11 31 theme well-defined 1579:1590 arg1 polysaccharides 1592:1606 two well-defined polysaccharides 1575:1606 two well-defined polysaccharides 1575:1606 S. cerevisiae yECM presented two well-defined polysaccharides with different mass/charge, and C. albicans ECM presented a single different one. 25344425 11 32 theme different 1613:1621 arg1 mass/charge 1623:1633 different mass/charge 1613:1633 different mass/charge 1613:1633 S. cerevisiae yECM presented two well-defined polysaccharides with different mass/charge, and C. albicans ECM presented a single different one. 25344425 11 33 dep S. 1546:1547 arg1 cerevisiae 1549:1558 cerevisiae 1549:1558 cerevisiae 1549:1558 S. cerevisiae yECM presented two well-defined polysaccharides with different mass/charge, and C. albicans ECM presented a single different one. 25344425 10 34 theme C. 1478:1479 arg1 albicans 1481:1488 C. albicans 1478:1488 C. albicans 1478:1488 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans displayed a different proteome and glycoside fractions. 25344425 2 35 theme spatial 398:404 arg1 organisation 406:417 spatial organisation 398:417 spatial organisation 398:417 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 9 36 from cerevisiae 1310:1319 arg1 extract 1265:1271 extract 1265:1271 extract 1265:1271 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 1 37 theme tissues 275:281 arg1 integrity 262:270 the biophysical integrity 246:270 the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs 246:292 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 2 38 theme crucial 321:327 arg1 roles 329:333 crucial roles 321:333 crucial roles 321:333 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 13 39 theme microbe 2027:2033 arg1 structure 2060:2068 structure 2060:2068 structure 2060:2068 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 39 theme microbe 2027:2033 arg1 aggregates 2049:2058 the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2023:2083 the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2023:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 39 theme microbe 2027:2033 arg1 life-style 2074:2083 life-style 2074:2083 life-style 2074:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 3 40 theme polymeric 503:511 arg1 substance 513:521 an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 477:521 an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 477:521 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 10 41 theme different 1502:1510 arg1 proteome 1512:1519 a different proteome 1500:1519 a different proteome 1500:1519 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans displayed a different proteome and glycoside fractions. 25344425 13 42 theme chemical 1938:1945 arg1 characterisation 1947:1962 the molecular and chemical characterisation 1920:1962 the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 1920:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 43 theme ECM 1977:1979 arg1 characterisation 1947:1962 the molecular and chemical characterisation 1920:1962 the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 1920:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 5 44 theme S. 767:768 arg1 ECM 797:799 S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM 767:799 S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM 767:799 RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. 25344425 1 45 theme organs 287:292 arg1 integrity 262:270 the biophysical integrity 246:270 the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs 246:292 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 9 46 theme structural 1421:1430 arg1 characterization 1432:1447 structural characterization 1421:1447 structural characterization 1421:1447 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 13 47 theme aggregates 2049:2058 arg1 study 2014:2018 the in-depth study 2001:2018 the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2001:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 5 48 theme reproducible 822:833 arg1 manner 835:840 an equally highly reproducible manner 804:840 an equally highly reproducible manner 804:840 RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. 25344425 6 49 theme analytical 936:945 arg1 fractions 952:960 glycosidic analytical pure fractions 925:960 glycosidic analytical pure fractions 925:960 Additionally, methodologies for the extraction and fractionation into protein and glycosidic analytical pure fractions were improved. 25344425 8 50 theme Additional 1098:1107 arg1 methods 1118:1124 Additional chemical methods 1098:1124 Additional chemical methods 1098:1124 Additional chemical methods were also used to test for uronic acids and sulphation. 25344425 3 51 theme fungal 569:574 arg1 aggregates 590:599 bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates 555:599 bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates 555:599 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 3 51 theme fungal 569:574 arg1 colonies 622:629 colonies 622:629 colonies 622:629 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 3 51 theme fungal 569:574 arg1 biofilms 610:617 biofilms 610:617 biofilms 610:617 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 13 52 dep aggregates 2049:2058 arg1 structure 2060:2068 structure 2060:2068 structure 2060:2068 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 52 dep aggregates 2049:2058 arg1 aggregates 2049:2058 the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2023:2083 the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 2023:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 13 52 dep aggregates 2049:2058 arg1 life-style 2074:2083 life-style 2074:2083 life-style 2074:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 6 53 theme glycosidic 925:934 arg1 fractions 952:960 glycosidic analytical pure fractions 925:960 glycosidic analytical pure fractions 925:960 Additionally, methodologies for the extraction and fractionation into protein and glycosidic analytical pure fractions were improved. 25344425 12 54 theme chemical 1763:1770 arg1 modification 1772:1783 chemical modification 1763:1783 chemical modification 1763:1783 The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. 25344425 3 55 theme multicellular 576:588 arg1 aggregates 590:599 bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates 555:599 bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates 555:599 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 3 55 theme multicellular 576:588 arg1 colonies 622:629 colonies 622:629 colonies 622:629 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 3 55 theme multicellular 576:588 arg1 biofilms 610:617 biofilms 610:617 biofilms 610:617 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 7 56 theme analytical 1001:1010 arg1 2-DE 1047:1050 2-DE 1047:1050 2-DE 1047:1050 These were subjected to analytical procedures, respectively SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, and DAE and FPLC. 25344425 7 56 theme analytical 1001:1010 arg1 procedures 1012:1021 analytical procedures 1001:1021 analytical procedures 1001:1021 These were subjected to analytical procedures, respectively SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, and DAE and FPLC. 25344425 7 56 theme analytical 1001:1010 arg1 SDS-PAGE 1037:1044 SDS-PAGE 1037:1044 SDS-PAGE 1037:1044 These were subjected to analytical procedures, respectively SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, and DAE and FPLC. 25344425 7 56 theme analytical 1001:1010 arg1 LC-MS/MS 1070:1077 LC-MS/MS 1070:1077 LC-MS/MS 1070:1077 These were subjected to analytical procedures, respectively SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, and DAE and FPLC. 25344425 7 56 theme analytical 1001:1010 arg1 MALDI-TOF-MS 1053:1064 MALDI-TOF-MS 1053:1064 MALDI-TOF-MS 1053:1064 These were subjected to analytical procedures, respectively SDS-PAGE, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS, and DAE and FPLC. 25344425 12 57 theme acids 1752:1756 arg1 presence 1733:1740 the presence 1729:1740 the presence of uronic acids 1729:1756 The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. 25344425 12 57 theme acids 1752:1756 arg1 modification 1772:1783 chemical modification 1763:1783 chemical modification 1763:1783 The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. 25344425 9 58 dep cerevisiae 1310:1319 arg1 mats 1337:1340 mats 1337:1340 mats 1337:1340 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 6 59 theme pure 947:950 arg1 fractions 952:960 glycosidic analytical pure fractions 925:960 glycosidic analytical pure fractions 925:960 Additionally, methodologies for the extraction and fractionation into protein and glycosidic analytical pure fractions were improved. 25344425 9 60 dep CONCLUSIONS 1182:1192 arg1 applied 1254:1260 applied 1254:1260 were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization 1229:1447 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 25344425 5 61 dep RESULTS 718:724 arg1 presents 736:743 presents 736:743 presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner 736:840 RESULTS This work presents a protocol to produce S. cerevisiae and C. albicans ECM in an equally highly reproducible manner. 25344425 0 62 from use 84:86 arg1 glycomics 106:114 glycomics 106:114 glycomics 106:114 Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics. 25344425 0 62 from use 84:86 arg1 proteomics 91:100 proteomics 91:100 proteomics 91:100 Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics. 25344425 2 63 from implications 382:393 arg1 motility 420:427 motility 420:427 motility 420:427 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 2 63 from implications 382:393 arg1 organisation 406:417 spatial organisation 398:417 spatial organisation 398:417 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 2 63 from implications 382:393 arg1 differentiation 433:447 differentiation 433:447 differentiation 433:447 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 2 64 theme same 302:305 arg1 time 307:310 the same time 298:310 the same time 298:310 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 13 65 theme yeast 1971:1975 arg1 ECM 1977:1979 the yeast ECM 1967:1979 the yeast ECM 1967:1979 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 1 66 theme cell-supporting 199:213 arg1 scaffold 215:222 a cell-supporting scaffold 197:222 a cell-supporting scaffold 197:222 BACKGROUND In a multicellular organism, the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a cell-supporting scaffold and helps maintaining the biophysical integrity of tissues and organs. 25344425 0 67 theme yeast 59:63 arg1 ECM 65:67 yeast ECM 59:67 yeast ECM 59:67 Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics. 25344425 4 68 dep roles 645:649 arg1 the 641:643 the 641:643 the 641:643 However, the roles and composition of this microbial ECM are still poorly understood. 25344425 13 69 theme molecular 1924:1932 arg1 characterisation 1947:1962 the molecular and chemical characterisation 1920:1962 the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style 1920:2083 All taken, the procedures herein described present the first sensible and concise approach to the molecular and chemical characterisation of the yeast ECM, opening the way to the in-depth study of the microbe multicellular aggregates structure and life-style. 25344425 2 70 theme cellular 338:345 arg1 communication 347:359 cellular communication 338:359 cellular communication 338:359 At the same time it plays crucial roles in cellular communication and signalling, with implications in spatial organisation, motility and differentiation. 25344425 12 71 theme uronic 1745:1750 arg1 acids 1752:1756 uronic acids 1745:1756 uronic acids 1745:1756 The chemical methods further suggested the presence of uronic acids, and chemical modification, possibly through sulphate substitution. 25344425 6 72 dep extraction 879:888 arg1 the 875:877 the 875:877 the 875:877 Additionally, methodologies for the extraction and fractionation into protein and glycosidic analytical pure fractions were improved. 25344425 0 73 dep Methodologies 0:12 arg1 generate 17:24 generate 17:24 to generate 14:24 Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics. 25344425 11 74 theme albicans 1643:1650 arg1 ECM 1652:1654 C. albicans ECM 1640:1654 C. albicans ECM 1640:1654 S. cerevisiae yECM presented two well-defined polysaccharides with different mass/charge, and C. albicans ECM presented a single different one. 25344425 3 75 theme substance 513:521 arg1 presence 465:472 the presence 461:472 the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance 461:521 Similarly, the presence of an ECM-like extracellular polymeric substance is known to support and protect bacterial and fungal multicellular aggregates, such as biofilms or colonies. 25344425 10 76 from cerevisiae 1463:1472 arg1 yECM 1450:1453 yECM 1450:1453 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans 1450:1488 yECM from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans displayed a different proteome and glycoside fractions. 25344425 9 77 theme molecular 1407:1415 arg1 yECM 1402:1405 yECM molecular 1402:1415 yECM molecular 1402:1415 CONCLUSIONS The methodologies hereby presented were equally efficiently applied to extract high amounts of ECM material from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans mats, therefore showing their robustness and reproducibility for yECM molecular and structural characterization. 26428121 8 0 theme moisture 1051:1058 arg1 lowest 1099:1104 lowest 1099:1104 lowest 1099:1104 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 8 0 theme moisture 1051:1058 arg1 MVTR 1085:1088 MVTR 1085:1088 MVTR 1085:1088 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 8 0 theme moisture 1051:1058 arg1 rate 1079:1082 The moisture vapor transmission rate 1047:1082 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) 1047:1089 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 5 1 theme vinyl 564:568 arg1 /polyacrylamide 578:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 2 2 theme thermal 376:382 arg1 properties 411:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 The different composite films thus prepared were characterized with respect to their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties. 26428121 0 3 theme vinyl 91:95 arg1 alcohol 97:103 vinyl alcohol 91:103 vinyl alcohol 91:103 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 9 4 theme nanocellulose 1140:1152 arg1 % 1135:1135 % 1135:1135 % of nanocellulose. 1135:1153 % of nanocellulose. 26428121 9 4 theme nanocellulose 1140:1152 arg1 nanocellulose 1140:1152 nanocellulose 1140:1152 nanocellulose 1140:1152 % of nanocellulose. 26428121 1 5 theme nanocellulose 264:276 arg1 doses 255:259 various doses 247:259 various doses of nanocellulose 247:276 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 0 6 theme & 106:106 arg1 films 133:137 poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 86:137 poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 86:137 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 8 7 theme transmission 1066:1077 arg1 lowest 1099:1104 lowest 1099:1104 lowest 1099:1104 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 8 7 theme transmission 1066:1077 arg1 MVTR 1085:1088 MVTR 1085:1088 MVTR 1085:1088 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 8 7 theme transmission 1066:1077 arg1 rate 1079:1082 The moisture vapor transmission rate 1047:1082 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) 1047:1089 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 7 8 dep microscopy 857:866 arg1 studies 908:914 studies 908:914 studies 908:914 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 4 9 theme tensile 496:502 arg1 strength 504:511 the highest tensile strength 484:511 the highest tensile strength 484:511 % of nanocellulose showed the highest tensile strength. 26428121 8 10 theme vapor 1060:1064 arg1 lowest 1099:1104 lowest 1099:1104 lowest 1099:1104 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 8 10 theme vapor 1060:1064 arg1 MVTR 1085:1088 MVTR 1085:1088 MVTR 1085:1088 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 8 10 theme vapor 1060:1064 arg1 rate 1079:1082 The moisture vapor transmission rate 1047:1082 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) 1047:1089 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 7 11 theme force 885:889 arg1 AFM 903:905 AFM 903:905 AFM 903:905 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 7 11 theme force 885:889 arg1 microscopy 891:900 atomic force microscopy 878:900 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 878:906 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 7 12 theme atomic 878:883 arg1 AFM 903:905 AFM 903:905 AFM 903:905 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 7 12 theme atomic 878:883 arg1 microscopy 891:900 atomic force microscopy 878:900 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 878:906 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 0 13 theme composite 123:131 arg1 films 133:137 poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 86:137 poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 86:137 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 4 14 theme highest 488:494 arg1 strength 504:511 the highest tensile strength 484:511 the highest tensile strength 484:511 % of nanocellulose showed the highest tensile strength. 26428121 0 15 dep & 106:106 arg1 alcohol 97:103 vinyl alcohol 91:103 vinyl alcohol 91:103 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 5 16 theme semi-interpenetrating 518:538 arg1 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 16 theme semi-interpenetrating 518:538 arg1 network 548:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network 514:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 514:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 0 17 theme polyacrylamide 108:121 arg1 films 133:137 poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 86:137 poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 86:137 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 2 18 theme different 283:291 arg1 films 303:307 The different composite films 279:307 The different composite films thus prepared 279:321 The different composite films thus prepared were characterized with respect to their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties. 26428121 5 19 theme polymer 540:546 arg1 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 19 theme polymer 540:546 arg1 network 548:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network 514:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 514:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 1 20 theme poly 192:195 arg1 /polyacrylamide 211:225 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 192:225 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 192:225 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 7 21 theme nanocellulose 975:987 arg1 agglomerates 959:970 agglomerates 959:970 agglomerates of nanocellulose 959:987 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 6 22 theme much 732:735 arg1 stability 746:754 much superior stability 732:754 much superior stability 732:754 Each of the composites however exhibited much superior stability with respect to the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) and crosslinked polyacrylamide. 26428121 2 23 theme barrier 403:409 arg1 properties 411:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 The different composite films thus prepared were characterized with respect to their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties. 26428121 7 24 theme scanning 839:846 arg1 SEM 869:871 SEM 869:871 SEM 869:871 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 7 24 theme scanning 839:846 arg1 microscopy 857:866 The scanning electron microscopy 835:866 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 835:872 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 5 25 theme thermal 672:678 arg1 stability 680:688 their thermal stability 666:688 their thermal stability 666:688 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 26 theme various 603:609 arg1 composites 611:620 its various composites 599:620 its various composites with nanocellulose 599:639 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 26 theme various 603:609 arg1 /polyacrylamide 578:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 1 27 theme vinyl 197:201 arg1 /polyacrylamide 211:225 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 192:225 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 192:225 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 5 28 with composites 611:620 arg1 nanocellulose 627:639 nanocellulose 627:639 nanocellulose 627:639 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 1 29 theme alcohol 203:209 arg1 /polyacrylamide 211:225 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 192:225 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 192:225 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 0 30 theme nanocellulose 20:32 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of nanocellulose 0:32 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 5 31 from identical 653:661 arg1 stability 680:688 their thermal stability 666:688 their thermal stability 666:688 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 0 32 theme films 133:137 arg1 network 75:81 semi-interpenetrating polymer network 45:81 semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 45:137 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 4 33 theme nanocellulose 463:475 arg1 nanocellulose 463:475 nanocellulose 463:475 nanocellulose 463:475 % of nanocellulose showed the highest tensile strength. 26428121 4 33 theme nanocellulose 463:475 arg1 % 458:458 % 458:458 % of nanocellulose 458:475 % of nanocellulose showed the highest tensile strength. 26428121 0 34 theme polymer 67:73 arg1 network 75:81 semi-interpenetrating polymer network 45:81 semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 45:137 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 1 35 theme /polyacrylamide 211:225 arg1 semi-IPN 179:186 semi-IPN 179:186 semi-IPN 179:186 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 1 35 theme /polyacrylamide 211:225 arg1 network 170:176 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network 140:176 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 140:225 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 0 36 theme semi-interpenetrating 45:65 arg1 network 75:81 semi-interpenetrating polymer network 45:81 semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films 45:137 Characterization of nanocellulose reinforced semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol) & polyacrylamide composite films. 26428121 5 37 theme alcohol 570:576 arg1 /polyacrylamide 578:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 8 38 theme film 1114:1117 arg1 wt 1132:1133 the film containing 5 wt 1110:1133 the film containing 5 wt 1110:1133 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 7 39 theme electron 848:855 arg1 SEM 869:871 SEM 869:871 SEM 869:871 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 7 39 theme electron 848:855 arg1 microscopy 857:866 The scanning electron microscopy 835:866 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 835:872 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 6 40 theme vinyl 788:792 arg1 alcohol 794:800 the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) 772:801 the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) 772:801 Each of the composites however exhibited much superior stability with respect to the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) and crosslinked polyacrylamide. 26428121 2 41 theme mechanical 364:373 arg1 properties 411:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 The different composite films thus prepared were characterized with respect to their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties. 26428121 3 42 theme composite 427:435 arg1 film 437:440 The composite film 423:440 The composite film 423:440 The composite film containing 5 wt. 26428121 5 43 from stability 680:688 arg1 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 43 from stability 680:688 arg1 network 548:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network 514:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 514:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 2 44 theme composite 293:301 arg1 films 303:307 The different composite films 279:307 The different composite films thus prepared 279:321 The different composite films thus prepared were characterized with respect to their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties. 26428121 5 45 theme /polyacrylamide 578:592 arg1 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 identical 653:661 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 45 theme /polyacrylamide 578:592 arg1 composites 611:620 its various composites 599:620 its various composites with nanocellulose 599:639 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 45 theme /polyacrylamide 578:592 arg1 /polyacrylamide 578:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 5 45 theme /polyacrylamide 578:592 arg1 network 548:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network 514:554 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 514:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 7 46 theme separated 932:940 arg1 morphology 942:951 phase separated morphology 926:951 phase separated morphology 926:951 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 5 47 with network 548:554 arg1 nanocellulose 627:639 nanocellulose 627:639 nanocellulose 627:639 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 6 48 theme poly 783:786 arg1 alcohol 794:800 the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) 772:801 the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) 772:801 Each of the composites however exhibited much superior stability with respect to the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) and crosslinked polyacrylamide. 26428121 1 49 theme Semi-interpenetrating 140:160 arg1 semi-IPN 179:186 semi-IPN 179:186 semi-IPN 179:186 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 1 49 theme Semi-interpenetrating 140:160 arg1 network 170:176 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network 140:176 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 140:225 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 8 50 theme containing 1119:1128 arg1 wt 1132:1133 the film containing 5 wt 1110:1133 the film containing 5 wt 1110:1133 The moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) was the lowest for the film containing 5 wt. 26428121 7 51 theme semi-IPN 1037:1044 arg1 matrix 1023:1028 the matrix 1019:1028 the matrix of the semi-IPN 1019:1044 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 6 52 theme linear 776:781 arg1 alcohol 794:800 the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) 772:801 the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) 772:801 Each of the composites however exhibited much superior stability with respect to the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) and crosslinked polyacrylamide. 26428121 1 53 theme polymer 162:168 arg1 semi-IPN 179:186 semi-IPN 179:186 semi-IPN 179:186 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 1 53 theme polymer 162:168 arg1 network 170:176 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network 140:176 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 140:225 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26428121 6 54 theme superior 737:744 arg1 stability 746:754 much superior stability 732:754 much superior stability 732:754 Each of the composites however exhibited much superior stability with respect to the linear poly(vinyl alcohol) and crosslinked polyacrylamide. 26428121 5 55 theme poly 559:562 arg1 /polyacrylamide 578:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide 559:592 The semi-interpenetrating polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide; and its various composites with nanocellulose were almost identical in their thermal stability. 26428121 2 56 theme morphological 385:397 arg1 properties 411:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties 358:420 The different composite films thus prepared were characterized with respect to their mechanical, thermal, morphological and barrier properties. 26428121 7 57 theme phase 926:930 arg1 morphology 942:951 phase separated morphology 926:951 phase separated morphology 926:951 The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies exhibited phase separated morphology where agglomerates of nanocellulose were found to be dispersed in the matrix of the semi-IPN. 26428121 1 58 theme various 247:253 arg1 doses 255:259 various doses 247:259 various doses of nanocellulose 247:276 Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide was reinforced with various doses of nanocellulose. 26749323 11 0 theme aggregate 1404:1412 arg1 distribution 1414:1425 aggregate distribution 1404:1425 aggregate distribution 1404:1425 Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels occurred and aggregate distribution was inhomogeneous. 26749323 10 1 theme particle 1242:1249 arg1 suspensions 1251:1261 Bioglass particle suspensions 1233:1261 Bioglass particle suspensions 1233:1261 Bioglass particle suspensions were also studied using zeta potential measurements and Coulter analysis. 26749323 8 2 theme Synchrotron 1066:1076 arg1 radiation 1084:1092 Synchrotron X-ray radiation 1066:1092 Synchrotron X-ray radiation 1066:1092 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 6 3 theme state 802:806 arg1 representative 776:789 representative 776:789 representative of the wet state 776:806 Distribution in the dry state is not representative of the wet state. 26749323 2 4 theme particle 415:422 arg1 area 432:435 particle surface area 415:435 particle surface area 415:435 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 9 5 theme limit 1197:1201 arg1 volume 1203:1208 The lower detection limit volume 1177:1208 The lower detection limit volume 1177:1208 The lower detection limit volume was 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) . 26749323 12 6 theme cells 1499:1503 arg1 mineralization 1516:1529 mineralization 1516:1529 mineralization 1516:1529 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 12 6 theme cells 1499:1503 arg1 attachment 1464:1473 attachment 1464:1473 attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) 1464:1510 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 11 7 theme GG 1378:1379 arg1 hydrogels 1381:1389 the GG hydrogels 1374:1389 the GG hydrogels 1374:1389 Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels occurred and aggregate distribution was inhomogeneous. 26749323 8 8 theme particles 1019:1027 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 8 theme particles 1019:1027 arg1 composites 910:919 self-gelling, injectable composites 885:919 self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 885:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 8 theme particles 1019:1027 arg1 types 967:971 two different types 953:971 two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 953:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 8 theme particles 1019:1027 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 1 9 theme mechanical 192:201 arg1 mineralizability 215:230 mineralizability 215:230 mineralizability 215:230 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 9 theme mechanical 192:201 arg1 bioactivity 237:247 bioactivity 237:247 bioactivity 237:247 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 9 theme mechanical 192:201 arg1 properties 203:212 their mechanical properties 186:212 their mechanical properties 186:212 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 10 theme inorganic 104:112 arg1 particles 114:122 inorganic particles 104:122 inorganic particles 104:122 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 12 11 theme rat 1478:1480 arg1 rMSC 1506:1509 rMSC 1506:1509 rMSC 1506:1509 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 12 11 theme rat 1478:1480 arg1 cells 1499:1503 rat mesenchymal stem cells 1478:1503 rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) 1478:1510 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 8 12 theme X-ray 1078:1082 arg1 radiation 1084:1092 Synchrotron X-ray radiation 1066:1092 Synchrotron X-ray radiation 1066:1092 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 3 13 dep size 556:559 arg1 the 552:554 the 552:554 the 552:554 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 6 14 theme wet 798:800 arg1 state 802:806 the wet state 794:806 the wet state 794:806 Distribution in the dry state is not representative of the wet state. 26749323 8 15 theme Gum 931:933 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 10 16 theme Coulter 1319:1325 arg1 analysis 1327:1334 Coulter analysis 1319:1334 Coulter analysis 1319:1334 Bioglass particle suspensions were also studied using zeta potential measurements and Coulter analysis. 26749323 1 17 theme hydrogels 89:97 arg1 Enrichment 75:84 Enrichment 75:84 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles 75:122 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 8 18 theme Gellan 924:929 arg1 GG 936:937 GG 936:937 GG 936:937 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 18 theme Gellan 924:929 arg1 Gum 931:933 Gellan Gum 924:933 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 12 19 theme stem 1494:1497 arg1 rMSC 1506:1509 rMSC 1506:1509 rMSC 1506:1509 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 12 19 theme stem 1494:1497 arg1 cells 1499:1503 rat mesenchymal stem cells 1478:1503 rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) 1478:1510 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 11 20 theme particles 1361:1369 arg1 Aggregation 1337:1347 Aggregation 1337:1347 Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels 1337:1389 Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels occurred and aggregate distribution was inhomogeneous. 26749323 0 21 theme synchrotron 16:26 arg1 analysis 34:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis 0:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels 0:72 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels. 26749323 4 22 theme used 652:655 arg1 techniques 657:666 Commonly used techniques 643:666 Commonly used techniques 643:666 Commonly used techniques have drawbacks. 26749323 7 23 theme lower 861:865 arg1 resolution 867:876 lower resolution 861:876 lower resolution 861:876 Techniques in the wet state (histology, µCT) are of lower resolution. 26749323 2 24 theme Low 361:363 arg1 aggregation 365:375 Low aggregation 361:375 Low aggregation 361:375 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 10 25 theme potential 1292:1300 arg1 measurements 1302:1313 zeta potential measurements 1287:1313 zeta potential measurements 1287:1313 Bioglass particle suspensions were also studied using zeta potential measurements and Coulter analysis. 26749323 0 26 theme High-resolution 0:14 arg1 analysis 34:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis 0:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels 0:72 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels. 26749323 1 27 theme bone-forming 308:319 arg1 cells 321:325 bone-forming cells 308:325 bone-forming cells 308:325 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 8 28 theme high-resolution 1104:1118 arg1 determination 1120:1132 high-resolution determination 1104:1132 high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution 1104:1174 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 29 theme hydrogel 940:947 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 29 theme hydrogel 940:947 arg1 composites 910:919 self-gelling, injectable composites 885:919 self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 885:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 29 theme hydrogel 940:947 arg1 types 967:971 two different types 953:971 two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 953:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 29 theme hydrogel 940:947 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 2 30 theme tissue 507:512 arg1 regeneration 514:525 homogenous tissue regeneration 496:525 homogenous tissue regeneration 496:525 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 1 31 theme cells 321:325 arg1 mineralizability 215:230 mineralizability 215:230 mineralizability 215:230 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 31 theme cells 321:325 arg1 adhesion 260:267 adhesion 260:267 adhesion 260:267 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 31 theme cells 321:325 arg1 proliferation 270:282 proliferation 270:282 proliferation 270:282 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 31 theme cells 321:325 arg1 bioactivity 237:247 bioactivity 237:247 bioactivity 237:247 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 31 theme cells 321:325 arg1 properties 203:212 their mechanical properties 186:212 their mechanical properties 186:212 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 1 31 theme cells 321:325 arg1 differentiation 289:303 differentiation 289:303 differentiation 289:303 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 8 32 theme particle 1137:1144 arg1 size 1146:1149 particle size 1137:1149 particle size 1137:1149 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 5 33 theme High-resolution 684:698 arg1 techniques 700:709 High-resolution techniques 684:709 High-resolution techniques (e.g., SEM) 684:721 High-resolution techniques (e.g., SEM) require drying. 26749323 2 34 theme homogenous 496:505 arg1 regeneration 514:525 homogenous tissue regeneration 496:525 homogenous tissue regeneration 496:525 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 11 35 from Aggregation 1337:1347 arg1 hydrogels 1381:1389 the GG hydrogels 1374:1389 the GG hydrogels 1374:1389 Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels occurred and aggregate distribution was inhomogeneous. 26749323 8 36 theme sol-gel-derived 976:990 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 3 37 theme particles/particle 581:598 arg1 agglomerates 600:611 particles/particle agglomerates 581:611 particles/particle agglomerates 581:611 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 0 38 theme bioglass-enriched 46:62 arg1 hydrogels 64:72 bioglass-enriched hydrogels 46:72 bioglass-enriched hydrogels 46:72 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels. 26749323 3 39 theme distribution 565:576 arg1 determination 535:547 determination 535:547 determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel 535:627 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 7 40 from Techniques 809:818 arg1 state 831:835 the wet state 823:835 the wet state (histology, µCT) 823:852 Techniques in the wet state (histology, µCT) are of lower resolution. 26749323 8 41 dep self-gelling 885:896 arg1 injectable 899:908 injectable 899:908 injectable 899:908 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 6 42 from Distribution 739:750 arg1 state 763:767 the dry state 755:767 the dry state 755:767 Distribution in the dry state is not representative of the wet state. 26749323 6 43 theme dry 759:761 arg1 state 763:767 the dry state 755:767 the dry state 755:767 Distribution in the dry state is not representative of the wet state. 26749323 8 44 theme size 1146:1149 arg1 determination 1120:1132 high-resolution determination 1104:1132 high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution 1104:1174 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 7 45 dep state 831:835 arg1 µCT 849:851 µCT 849:851 µCT 849:851 Techniques in the wet state (histology, µCT) are of lower resolution. 26749323 7 45 dep state 831:835 arg1 histology 838:846 histology 838:846 histology 838:846 Techniques in the wet state (histology, µCT) are of lower resolution. 26749323 11 46 theme bioglass 1352:1359 arg1 particles 1361:1369 bioglass particles 1352:1369 bioglass particles 1352:1369 Aggregation of bioglass particles in the GG hydrogels occurred and aggregate distribution was inhomogeneous. 26749323 9 47 theme lower 1181:1185 arg1 limit 1197:1201 The lower detection limit 1177:1201 The lower detection limit volume 1177:1208 The lower detection limit volume was 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) . 26749323 2 48 theme cell-particle 464:476 arg1 interactions 478:489 cell-particle interactions 464:489 cell-particle interactions 464:489 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 1 49 with Enrichment 75:84 arg1 particles 114:122 inorganic particles 104:122 inorganic particles 104:122 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 8 50 theme distribution 1163:1174 arg1 determination 1120:1132 high-resolution determination 1104:1132 high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution 1104:1174 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 4 51 contain have 668:671 arg2 drawbacks 673:681 drawbacks 673:681 drawbacks 673:681 Commonly used techniques have drawbacks. 26749323 4 51 contain have 668:671 arg1 techniques 657:666 Commonly used techniques 643:666 Commonly used techniques 643:666 Commonly used techniques have drawbacks. 26749323 8 52 theme different 957:965 arg1 types 967:971 two different types 953:971 two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 953:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 0 53 theme hydrogels 64:72 arg1 analysis 34:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis 0:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels 0:72 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels. 26749323 8 54 theme spatial 1155:1161 arg1 distribution 1163:1174 spatial distribution 1155:1174 spatial distribution 1155:1174 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 3 55 from determination 535:547 arg1 hydrogel 620:627 the hydrogel 616:627 the hydrogel 616:627 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 2 56 theme homogeneous 381:391 arg1 distribution 393:404 homogeneous distribution 381:404 homogeneous distribution 381:404 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 8 57 theme wet 1050:1052 arg1 state 1054:1058 the wet state 1046:1058 the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation 1046:1092 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 12 58 theme mesenchymal 1482:1492 arg1 rMSC 1506:1509 rMSC 1506:1509 rMSC 1506:1509 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 12 58 theme mesenchymal 1482:1492 arg1 cells 1499:1503 rat mesenchymal stem cells 1478:1503 rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) 1478:1510 Bioglass promoted attachment of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) and mineralization. 26749323 1 59 theme bone 155:158 arg1 regeneration 160:171 bone regeneration 155:171 bone regeneration 155:171 Enrichment of hydrogels with inorganic particles improves their suitability for bone regeneration by enhancing their mechanical properties, mineralizability, and bioactivity as well as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of bone-forming cells, while maintaining injectability. 26749323 9 60 theme × 1216:1216 arg1 mm 1225:1226 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) 1214:1229 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) 1214:1229 The lower detection limit volume was 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) . 26749323 9 61 theme detection 1187:1195 arg1 limit 1197:1201 The lower detection limit 1177:1201 The lower detection limit volume 1177:1208 The lower detection limit volume was 9 × 10(-5) mm(3) . 26749323 8 62 theme glass 1002:1006 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 3 63 theme size 556:559 arg1 determination 535:547 determination 535:547 determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel 535:627 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 8 64 theme self-gelling 885:896 arg1 hydrogel 940:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 924:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 64 theme self-gelling 885:896 arg1 composites 910:919 self-gelling, injectable composites 885:919 self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel 885:947 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 64 theme self-gelling 885:896 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 65 link sol-gel-derived 976:990 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 8 66 theme bioactive 992:1000 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 3 67 theme agglomerates 600:611 arg1 distribution 565:576 distribution 565:576 distribution 565:576 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 3 67 theme agglomerates 600:611 arg1 size 556:559 size 556:559 size 556:559 Hence, determination of the size and distribution of particles/particle agglomerates in the hydrogel is desirable. 26749323 10 68 theme Bioglass 1233:1240 arg1 suspensions 1251:1261 Bioglass particle suspensions 1233:1261 Bioglass particle suspensions 1233:1261 Bioglass particle suspensions were also studied using zeta potential measurements and Coulter analysis. 26749323 5 69 dep SEM 718:720 arg1 e.g. 712:715 e.g. 712:715 e.g. 712:715 High-resolution techniques (e.g., SEM) require drying. 26749323 0 70 theme X-ray 28:32 arg1 analysis 34:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis 0:41 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels 0:72 High-resolution synchrotron X-ray analysis of bioglass-enriched hydrogels. 26749323 8 71 theme bioglass 1009:1016 arg1 particles 1019:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles 976:1027 Here, self-gelling, injectable composites of Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and two different types of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (bioglass) particles were analyzed in the wet state using Synchrotron X-ray radiation, enabling high-resolution determination of particle size and spatial distribution. 26749323 2 72 theme surface 424:430 arg1 area 432:435 particle surface area 415:435 particle surface area 415:435 Low aggregation and homogeneous distribution maximize particle surface area, promoting mineralization, cell-particle interactions, and homogenous tissue regeneration. 26749323 10 73 theme zeta 1287:1290 arg1 measurements 1302:1313 zeta potential measurements 1287:1313 zeta potential measurements 1287:1313 Bioglass particle suspensions were also studied using zeta potential measurements and Coulter analysis. 26749323 7 74 theme wet 827:829 arg1 state 831:835 the wet state 823:835 the wet state (histology, µCT) 823:852 Techniques in the wet state (histology, µCT) are of lower resolution. 27917828 0 0 theme thermocellum 89:100 arg1 structure 64:72 the structure 60:72 the structure of Clostridium thermocellum 60:100 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 1 1 theme molecular 352:360 arg1 determinants 362:373 the molecular determinants 348:373 the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 348:432 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 0 2 dep family 150:155 arg1 subfamily 160:168 43 subfamily 16 157:171 glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16 131:171 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 6 3 theme crystal 1050:1056 arg1 structure 1058:1066 The crystal structure 1046:1066 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A 1046:1078 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 8 4 theme other 1272:1276 arg1 BsAXH-m2,3 1370:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 4 theme other 1272:1276 arg1 member 1278:1283 the other member 1268:1283 the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure 1268:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 5 dep Bacillus 1332:1339 arg1 subtilis 1341:1348 subtilis 1341:1348 subtilis 1341:1348 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 7 6 theme compatible 1194:1203 arg1 architecture 1181:1192 a highly compact architecture 1164:1192 a highly compact architecture compatible with its high thermostability 1164:1233 CtAbf43A displays a highly compact architecture compatible with its high thermostability. 27917828 1 7 theme recent 178:183 arg1 division 185:192 The recent division 174:192 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies 174:259 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 5 8 theme restricted 1008:1017 arg1 capacity 1019:1026 a restricted capacity 1006:1026 a restricted capacity to attack xylans 1006:1043 CtAbf43A belongs to GH43 subfamily 16, the members of which have a restricted capacity to attack xylans. 27917828 9 9 theme nonlinear 1669:1677 arg1 scaffold 1688:1695 the nonlinear arabinan scaffold 1665:1695 the nonlinear arabinan scaffold 1665:1695 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 1 10 theme substrate 378:386 arg1 specificity 388:398 substrate specificity 378:398 substrate specificity 378:398 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 7 11 theme compact 1173:1179 arg1 architecture 1181:1192 a highly compact architecture 1164:1192 a highly compact architecture compatible with its high thermostability 1164:1233 CtAbf43A displays a highly compact architecture compatible with its high thermostability. 27917828 5 12 theme GH43 961:964 arg1 subfamily 966:974 GH43 subfamily 16 961:977 GH43 subfamily 16 961:977 CtAbf43A belongs to GH43 subfamily 16, the members of which have a restricted capacity to attack xylans. 27917828 1 13 theme renewed 270:276 arg1 opportunity 278:288 a renewed opportunity 268:288 a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 268:432 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 0 14 theme glycosyl 131:138 arg1 family 150:155 glycosyl hydrolase family 131:155 glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16 131:171 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 1 15 theme specificity 388:398 arg1 determinants 362:373 the molecular determinants 348:373 the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 348:432 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 4 16 theme pectic 911:916 arg1 arabinan 918:925 pectic arabinan 911:925 pectic arabinan 911:925 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 6 17 theme β-propeller 1104:1114 arg1 fold 1116:1119 a five-bladed β-propeller fold 1090:1119 a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes 1090:1143 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 3 18 from activity 689:696 arg1 polysaccharides 711:725 different polysaccharides 701:725 different polysaccharides 701:725 However, there is some evidence suggesting that arabinofuranosidases are substrate-specific, being unable to display a debranching activity on different polysaccharides. 27917828 6 19 theme enzymes 1137:1143 arg1 typical 1121:1127 typical 1121:1127 typical 1121:1127 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 7 20 theme high 1214:1217 arg1 thermostability 1219:1233 its high thermostability 1210:1233 its high thermostability 1210:1233 CtAbf43A displays a highly compact architecture compatible with its high thermostability. 27917828 9 21 theme GH43 1617:1620 arg1 enzymes 1635:1641 GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes 1617:1641 GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes 1617:1641 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 4 22 dep thermocellum 763:774 arg1 43A 796:798 arabinofuranosidase 43A 776:798 Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A) 751:809 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 4 22 dep thermocellum 763:774 arg1 CtAbf43A 801:808 CtAbf43A 801:808 CtAbf43A 801:808 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 7 23 with compatible 1194:1203 arg1 thermostability 1219:1233 its high thermostability 1210:1233 its high thermostability 1210:1233 CtAbf43A displays a highly compact architecture compatible with its high thermostability. 27917828 6 24 theme GH43 1132:1135 arg1 enzymes 1137:1143 GH43 enzymes 1132:1143 GH43 enzymes 1132:1143 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 1 25 theme carbohydrate-degrading 403:424 arg1 enzymes 426:432 carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 403:432 carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 403:432 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 8 26 theme known 1311:1315 arg1 structure 1317:1325 known structure 1311:1325 known structure 1311:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 4 27 from arabinan 918:925 arg1 removal 847:853 the removal 843:853 the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan 843:925 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 4 28 theme Clostridium 751:761 arg1 thermocellum 763:774 Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A) 751:809 Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A) 751:809 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 0 29 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 determinants 10:21 Molecular determinants 0:21 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum 0:100 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 9 30 theme arabinan 1679:1686 arg1 scaffold 1688:1695 the nonlinear arabinan scaffold 1665:1695 the nonlinear arabinan scaffold 1665:1695 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 1 31 theme large 201:205 arg1 family 227:232 the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 197:235 the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) 197:242 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 1 31 theme large 201:205 arg1 GH43 238:241 GH43 238:241 GH43 238:241 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 0 32 theme substrate 26:34 arg1 specificity 36:46 substrate specificity 26:46 substrate specificity 26:46 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 4 33 theme chains 873:878 arg1 removal 847:853 the removal 843:853 the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan 843:925 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 5 34 contain have 1001:1004 arg2 capacity 1019:1026 a restricted capacity 1006:1026 a restricted capacity to attack xylans 1006:1043 CtAbf43A belongs to GH43 subfamily 16, the members of which have a restricted capacity to attack xylans. 27917828 5 34 contain have 1001:1004 arg1 members 984:990 the members 980:990 the members 980:990 CtAbf43A belongs to GH43 subfamily 16, the members of which have a restricted capacity to attack xylans. 27917828 1 35 theme glycoside 207:215 arg1 family 227:232 the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 197:235 the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) 197:242 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 1 35 theme glycoside 207:215 arg1 GH43 238:241 GH43 238:241 GH43 238:241 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 2 36 theme arabinose 481:489 arg1 chains 496:501 arabinose side chains 481:501 arabinose side chains 481:501 α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55) remove arabinose side chains from heteropolysaccharides such as xylan and arabinan. 27917828 0 37 theme hydrolase 140:148 arg1 family 150:155 glycosyl hydrolase family 131:155 glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16 131:171 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 8 38 theme xylan 1529:1533 arg1 backbone 1535:1542 the xylan backbone 1525:1542 the xylan backbone 1525:1542 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 5 39 theme subfamily 966:974 arg1 members 984:990 the members 980:990 the members 980:990 CtAbf43A belongs to GH43 subfamily 16, the members of which have a restricted capacity to attack xylans. 27917828 1 40 theme hydrolase 217:225 arg1 family 227:232 the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 197:235 the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) 197:242 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 1 40 theme hydrolase 217:225 arg1 GH43 238:241 GH43 238:241 GH43 238:241 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 1 41 from determinants 362:373 arg1 enzymes 426:432 carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 403:432 carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 403:432 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 1 42 theme structure-function 301:318 arg1 studies 320:326 structure-function studies 301:326 structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes 301:432 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 9 43 theme carbohydrate-interacting 1573:1596 arg1 platform 1598:1605 a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform 1557:1605 a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform 1557:1605 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 6 44 theme five-bladed 1092:1102 arg1 fold 1116:1119 a five-bladed β-propeller fold 1090:1119 a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes 1090:1143 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 8 45 theme surface 1468:1474 arg1 cleft 1494:1498 a long surface substrate-binding cleft 1461:1498 a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone 1461:1542 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 45 theme surface 1468:1474 arg1 complementary 1508:1520 complementary 1508:1520 complementary 1508:1520 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 6 46 theme typical 1121:1127 arg1 fold 1116:1119 a five-bladed β-propeller fold 1090:1119 a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes 1090:1143 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 1 47 theme family 227:232 arg1 division 185:192 The recent division 174:192 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies 174:259 The recent division of the large glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) into subfamilies offers a renewed opportunity to develop structure-function studies aimed at clarifying the molecular determinants of substrate specificity in carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. 27917828 0 48 theme specificity 36:46 arg1 determinants 10:21 Molecular determinants 0:21 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum 0:100 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity revealed by the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A from glycosyl hydrolase family 43 subfamily 16. 27917828 2 49 theme side 491:494 arg1 chains 496:501 arabinose side chains 481:501 arabinose side chains 481:501 α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55) remove arabinose side chains from heteropolysaccharides such as xylan and arabinan. 27917828 8 50 theme Bacillus 1332:1339 arg1 BsAXH-m2,3 1370:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 50 theme Bacillus 1332:1339 arg1 member 1278:1283 the other member 1268:1283 the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure 1268:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 51 theme subfamily 1293:1301 arg1 BsAXH-m2,3 1370:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 51 theme subfamily 1293:1301 arg1 member 1278:1283 the other member 1268:1283 the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure 1268:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 9 52 dep precludes 1607:1615 arg1 deconstructing 1716:1729 deconstructing 1716:1729 deconstructing this polysaccharide 1716:1749 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 9 52 dep precludes 1607:1615 arg1 interacting 1648:1658 interacting 1648:1658 interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold 1648:1695 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 9 53 theme curved-shaped 1559:1571 arg1 platform 1598:1605 a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform 1557:1605 a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform 1557:1605 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 8 54 theme GH43 1288:1291 arg1 subfamily 1293:1301 GH43 subfamily 16 1288:1304 GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure 1288:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 55 theme substrate-binding 1476:1492 arg1 cleft 1494:1498 a long surface substrate-binding cleft 1461:1498 a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone 1461:1542 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 55 theme substrate-binding 1476:1492 arg1 complementary 1508:1520 complementary 1508:1520 complementary 1508:1520 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 4 56 from arabinoxylan 885:896 arg1 removal 847:853 the removal 843:853 the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan 843:925 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 8 57 theme arabinofuranosidase 1350:1368 arg1 BsAXH-m2,3 1370:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3 1328:1379 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 57 theme arabinofuranosidase 1350:1368 arg1 member 1278:1283 the other member 1268:1283 the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure 1268:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 4 58 theme arabinose 858:866 arg1 chains 873:878 arabinose side chains 858:878 arabinose side chains 858:878 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 8 59 theme long 1463:1466 arg1 cleft 1494:1498 a long surface substrate-binding cleft 1461:1498 a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone 1461:1542 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 8 59 theme long 1463:1466 arg1 complementary 1508:1520 complementary 1508:1520 complementary 1508:1520 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 9 60 theme platform 1598:1605 arg1 lack 1549:1552 The lack 1545:1552 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform 1545:1605 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 5 61 theme attack 1031:1036 arg1 xylans 1038:1043 attack xylans 1031:1043 attack xylans 1031:1043 CtAbf43A belongs to GH43 subfamily 16, the members of which have a restricted capacity to attack xylans. 27917828 3 62 theme different 701:709 arg1 polysaccharides 711:725 different polysaccharides 701:725 different polysaccharides 701:725 However, there is some evidence suggesting that arabinofuranosidases are substrate-specific, being unable to display a debranching activity on different polysaccharides. 27917828 8 63 with subfamily 1293:1301 arg1 structure 1317:1325 known structure 1311:1325 known structure 1311:1325 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 9 64 theme subfamily 1622:1630 arg1 enzymes 1635:1641 GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes 1617:1641 GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes 1617:1641 The lack of a curved-shaped carbohydrate-interacting platform precludes GH43 subfamily 16 enzymes from interacting with the nonlinear arabinan scaffold and therefore from deconstructing this polysaccharide. 27917828 8 65 theme subfamily 1415:1423 arg1 specificity 1400:1410 the specificity 1396:1410 the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan 1396:1443 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 6 66 theme CtAbf43A 1071:1078 arg1 structure 1058:1066 The crystal structure 1046:1066 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A 1046:1078 The crystal structure of CtAbf43A comprises a five-bladed β-propeller fold typical of GH43 enzymes. 27917828 3 67 theme debranching 677:687 arg1 activity 689:696 a debranching activity 675:696 a debranching activity on different polysaccharides 675:725 However, there is some evidence suggesting that arabinofuranosidases are substrate-specific, being unable to display a debranching activity on different polysaccharides. 27917828 8 68 theme CtAbf43A 1248:1255 arg1 Analysis 1236:1243 Analysis 1236:1243 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, 1236:1380 Analysis of CtAbf43A along with the other member of GH43 subfamily 16 with known structure, the Bacillus subtilis arabinofuranosidase BsAXH-m2,3, suggests that the specificity of subfamily 16 for arabinoxylan is conferred by a long surface substrate-binding cleft that is complementary to the xylan backbone. 27917828 4 69 theme arabinofuranosidase 776:794 arg1 43A 796:798 arabinofuranosidase 43A 776:798 Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A) 751:809 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 4 69 theme arabinofuranosidase 776:794 arg1 CtAbf43A 801:808 CtAbf43A 801:808 CtAbf43A 801:808 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 4 70 theme side 868:871 arg1 chains 873:878 arabinose side chains 858:878 arabinose side chains 858:878 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 27917828 4 71 theme thermocellum 763:774 arg1 structure 738:746 the structure 734:746 the structure 734:746 Here, the structure of Clostridium thermocellum arabinofuranosidase 43A (CtAbf43A), which has been shown to act in the removal of arabinose side chains from arabinoxylan but not from pectic arabinan, is reported. 25529689 3 0 theme foamability 473:483 arg1 HS 556:557 HS 556:557 HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 556:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 0 theme foamability 473:483 arg1 parameters 485:494 the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 469:602 the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 469:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 0 theme foamability 473:483 arg1 HM 496:497 HM 496:497 HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) 496:550 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 0 1 theme white 58:62 arg1 wines 83:87 white and rosé sparkling wines 58:87 white and rosé sparkling wines 58:87 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 0 2 theme sparkling 73:81 arg1 wines 83:87 white and rosé sparkling wines 58:87 white and rosé sparkling wines 58:87 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 0 3 from Role 0:3 arg1 properties 44:53 the foam properties 35:53 the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines 35:87 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 6 4 from grapes 1001:1006 arg1 polysaccharides 980:994 polysaccharides 980:994 polysaccharides from grapes 980:1006 The model to explain foam stability was only predicted by polysaccharides from grapes, concretely PRAG. 25529689 6 4 from grapes 1001:1006 arg1 PRAG 1020:1023 PRAG 1020:1023 concretely PRAG 1009:1023 The model to explain foam stability was only predicted by polysaccharides from grapes, concretely PRAG. 25529689 0 5 theme rosé 68:71 arg1 wines 83:87 white and rosé sparkling wines 58:87 white and rosé sparkling wines 58:87 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 5 6 theme HM 848:849 arg1 parameters 858:867 the HM and HS parameters 844:867 parameters 858:867 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 3 7 theme acids 460:464 arg1 contribution 421:432 the positive contribution 408:432 the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 408:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 7 8 from correlations 1073:1084 arg1 wines 1099:1103 sparkling wines 1089:1103 sparkling wines 1089:1103 To our knowledge, this is the first time these correlations in sparkling wines have been described. 25529689 5 9 theme HS 855:856 arg1 parameters 858:867 the HM and HS parameters 844:867 parameters 858:867 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 5 10 theme amino 882:886 arg1 compounds 893:901 amino acid compounds 882:901 amino acid compounds 882:901 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 5 10 theme amino 882:886 arg1 β-alanine 911:919 β-alanine 911:919 β-alanine 911:919 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 3 11 theme maximum 500:506 arg1 height 508:513 maximum height 500:513 maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection 500:549 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 12 dep HS 556:557 arg1 height 575:580 height 575:580 height 575:580 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 2 13 theme rosé 361:364 arg1 wines 376:380 white and rosé sparkling wines 351:380 white and rosé sparkling wines 351:380 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 0 14 theme wines 83:87 arg1 properties 44:53 the foam properties 35:53 the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines 35:87 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 7 15 dep time 1062:1065 arg1 described 1115:1123 described 1115:1123 have been described 1105:1123 To our knowledge, this is the first time these correlations in sparkling wines have been described. 25529689 3 16 theme positive 412:419 arg1 contribution 421:432 the positive contribution 408:432 the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 408:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 4 17 from galactose 713:721 arg1 rich 691:694 rich 691:694 rich 691:694 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 3 18 theme CO2 537:539 arg1 injection 541:549 CO2 injection 537:549 CO2 injection 537:549 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 2 19 theme white 351:355 arg1 wines 376:380 white and rosé sparkling wines 351:380 white and rosé sparkling wines 351:380 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 4 20 theme rich 691:694 arg1 Mannoproteins 657:669 Mannoproteins 657:669 Mannoproteins 657:669 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 3 21 dep parameters 485:494 arg1 HS 556:557 HS 556:557 HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 556:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 21 dep parameters 485:494 arg1 parameters 485:494 the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 469:602 the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 469:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 21 dep parameters 485:494 arg1 HM 496:497 HM 496:497 HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) 496:550 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 1 22 theme foam 163:166 arg1 quality 168:174 their foam quality 157:174 their foam quality 157:174 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 0 23 theme wine 14:17 arg1 constituents 19:30 major wine constituents 8:30 major wine constituents 8:30 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 4 24 theme good 757:760 arg1 stabilizers 767:777 good foam stabilizers 757:777 good foam stabilizers 757:777 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 4 25 from arabinose 699:707 arg1 rich 691:694 rich 691:694 rich 691:694 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 3 26 dep HM 496:497 arg1 height 508:513 maximum height 500:513 maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection 500:549 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 27 theme anthocyanins 437:448 arg1 contribution 421:432 the positive contribution 408:432 the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection) 408:602 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 0 28 theme major 8:12 arg1 constituents 19:30 major wine constituents 8:30 major wine constituents 8:30 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 4 29 theme poor 735:738 arg1 formers 745:751 poor foam formers 735:751 poor foam formers 735:751 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 5 30 theme acid 888:891 arg1 compounds 893:901 amino acid compounds 882:901 amino acid compounds 882:901 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 5 30 theme acid 888:891 arg1 β-alanine 911:919 β-alanine 911:919 β-alanine 911:919 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 2 31 theme wine 307:310 arg1 compounds 312:320 the different wine compounds 293:320 the different wine compounds 293:320 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 2 32 theme wines 376:380 arg1 properties 337:346 the foaming properties 325:346 the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines 325:380 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 0 33 theme constituents 19:30 arg1 Role 0:3 Role 0:3 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 0:88 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 5 34 theme highest 823:829 arg1 influence 831:839 the highest influence 819:839 the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters 819:867 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 3 35 theme CO2 589:591 arg1 injection 593:601 CO2 injection 589:601 CO2 injection 589:601 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 4 36 theme foam 762:765 arg1 stabilizers 767:777 good foam stabilizers 757:777 good foam stabilizers 757:777 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 2 37 theme sparkling 366:374 arg1 wines 376:380 white and rosé sparkling wines 351:380 white and rosé sparkling wines 351:380 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 0 38 theme foam 39:42 arg1 properties 44:53 the foam properties 35:53 the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines 35:87 Role of major wine constituents in the foam properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 5 39 from influence 831:839 arg1 parameters 858:867 the HM and HS parameters 844:867 parameters 858:867 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 2 40 theme compounds 312:320 arg1 contribution 277:288 the contribution 273:288 the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines 273:380 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 3 41 theme proanthocyanidins 638:654 arg1 contribution 622:633 the negative contribution 609:633 the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins 609:654 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 42 theme amino 454:458 arg1 acids 460:464 amino acids 454:464 amino acids 454:464 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 3 43 theme negative 613:620 arg1 contribution 622:633 the negative contribution 609:633 the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins 609:654 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 1 44 theme chemical 94:101 arg1 composition 103:113 The chemical composition 90:113 The chemical composition of sparkling wines 90:132 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 1 44 theme chemical 94:101 arg1 related 146:152 related 146:152 related 146:152 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 2 45 theme different 297:305 arg1 compounds 312:320 the different wine compounds 293:320 the different wine compounds 293:320 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 4 46 from rich 691:694 arg1 galactose 713:721 galactose 713:721 galactose (PRAG) 713:728 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 4 46 from rich 691:694 arg1 arabinose 699:707 arabinose 699:707 arabinose 699:707 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 4 46 from rich 691:694 arg1 PRAG 724:727 PRAG 724:727 PRAG 724:727 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 4 47 theme foam 740:743 arg1 formers 745:751 poor foam formers 735:751 poor foam formers 735:751 Mannoproteins and polysaccharides rich in arabinose and galactose (PRAG) were poor foam formers but good foam stabilizers. 25529689 1 48 theme wines 128:132 arg1 composition 103:113 The chemical composition 90:113 The chemical composition of sparkling wines 90:132 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 1 48 theme wines 128:132 arg1 related 146:152 related 146:152 related 146:152 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 1 49 theme responsible 195:205 arg1 compounds 185:193 the compounds 181:193 the compounds responsible 181:205 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 5 50 theme malvidin 803:810 arg1 forms 794:798 The different forms 780:798 The different forms of malvidin 780:810 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 3 51 theme foam 560:563 arg1 stability 565:573 foam stability 560:573 foam stability 560:573 Our results demonstrated the positive contribution of anthocyanins and amino acids to the foamability parameters HM (maximum height reached by foam after CO2 injection) and HS (foam stability height during CO2 injection), and the negative contribution of proanthocyanidins. 25529689 5 52 theme different 784:792 arg1 forms 794:798 The different forms 780:798 The different forms of malvidin 780:810 The different forms of malvidin showed the highest influence on the HM and HS parameters, followed by amino acid compounds, mainly β-alanine. 25529689 1 53 theme sparkling 118:126 arg1 wines 128:132 sparkling wines 118:132 sparkling wines 118:132 The chemical composition of sparkling wines is directly related to their foam quality, but the compounds responsible are not yet completely established. 25529689 7 54 theme first 1056:1060 arg1 this 1044:1047 this 1044:1047 this 1044:1047 To our knowledge, this is the first time these correlations in sparkling wines have been described. 25529689 7 54 theme first 1056:1060 arg1 time 1062:1065 the first time 1052:1065 the first time these correlations in sparkling wines have been described 1052:1123 To our knowledge, this is the first time these correlations in sparkling wines have been described. 25529689 6 55 dep model 926:930 arg1 explain 935:941 explain 935:941 to explain foam stability 932:956 The model to explain foam stability was only predicted by polysaccharides from grapes, concretely PRAG. 25529689 7 56 theme sparkling 1089:1097 arg1 wines 1099:1103 sparkling wines 1089:1103 sparkling wines 1089:1103 To our knowledge, this is the first time these correlations in sparkling wines have been described. 25529689 2 57 theme foaming 329:335 arg1 properties 337:346 the foaming properties 325:346 the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines 325:380 This work aims at identifying the contribution of the different wine compounds to the foaming properties of white and rosé sparkling wines. 25529689 6 58 theme foam 943:946 arg1 stability 948:956 foam stability 943:956 foam stability 943:956 The model to explain foam stability was only predicted by polysaccharides from grapes, concretely PRAG. 28950032 7 0 theme activity 1098:1105 arg1 function 1107:1114 antioxidant activity function 1086:1114 antioxidant activity function 1086:1114 This study demonstrated that the effective antitumor activity of RBP may be owed to its enhancement of antioxidant activity function. 28950032 11 1 theme antitumor 1556:1564 arg1 agent 1582:1586 a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent 1546:1586 a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods 1546:1628 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 11 1 theme antitumor 1556:1564 arg1 RBP 1521:1523 RBP 1521:1523 RBP 1521:1523 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 11 2 theme antioxidant 1570:1580 arg1 agent 1582:1586 a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent 1546:1586 a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods 1546:1628 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 11 2 theme antioxidant 1570:1580 arg1 RBP 1521:1523 RBP 1521:1523 RBP 1521:1523 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 1 3 theme microwave-assisted 224:241 arg1 extraction 243:252 microwave-assisted extraction 224:252 microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) 224:260 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 1 3 theme microwave-assisted 224:241 arg1 RBP-M 255:259 RBP-M 255:259 RBP-M 255:259 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 0 4 theme Polysaccharides 71:85 arg1 Antitumor 21:29 Antitumor 21:29 Antitumor 21:29 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 0 4 theme Polysaccharides 71:85 arg1 Activities 47:56 Antioxidant Activities 35:56 Antioxidant Activities 35:56 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 0 4 theme Polysaccharides 71:85 arg1 Features 11:18 Structural Features 0:18 Structural Features 0:18 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 6 5 dep dismutase 885:893 arg1 activities 928:937 activities 928:937 activities 928:937 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 7 6 theme effective 1016:1024 arg1 activity 1036:1043 the effective antitumor activity 1012:1043 the effective antitumor activity of RBP 1012:1050 This study demonstrated that the effective antitumor activity of RBP may be owed to its enhancement of antioxidant activity function. 28950032 8 7 theme functional 1231:1240 arg1 antitumor 1201:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 7 theme functional 1231:1240 arg1 food 1242:1245 functional food 1231:1245 functional food 1231:1245 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 6 8 theme superoxide 874:883 arg1 SOD 896:898 SOD 896:898 SOD 896:898 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 6 8 theme superoxide 874:883 arg1 dismutase 885:893 superoxide dismutase 874:893 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 874:899 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 0 9 theme Extraction 103:112 arg1 Methods 114:120 Different Extraction Methods 93:120 Different Extraction Methods 93:120 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 0 10 theme Different 93:101 arg1 Methods 114:120 Different Extraction Methods 93:120 Different Extraction Methods 93:120 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 8 11 theme bioactive 1212:1220 arg1 antitumor 1201:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 11 theme bioactive 1212:1220 arg1 agent 1222:1226 bioactive agent 1212:1226 bioactive agent 1212:1226 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 3 12 theme RBP-M 520:524 arg1 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 12 theme RBP-M 520:524 arg1 × 547:547 1.03 × 105 542:551 1.03 × 105 542:551 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 12 theme RBP-M 520:524 arg1 weights 497:503 The molecular weights 483:503 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E 483:535 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 4 13 theme sarcoma 660:666 arg1 cells 673:677 mouse sarcoma S180 cells 654:677 mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability 654:687 In vitro, all RBP samples significantly inhibited mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. 28950032 4 14 theme dose-dependent 694:707 arg1 manner 709:714 a dose-dependent manner 692:714 a dose-dependent manner 692:714 In vitro, all RBP samples significantly inhibited mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. 28950032 9 15 theme hydrothermal 1326:1337 arg1 methods 1390:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 2 16 theme antioxidant 459:469 arg1 activities 471:480 antioxidant activities 459:480 antioxidant activities 459:480 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 3 17 theme RBP-H 513:517 arg1 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 17 theme RBP-H 513:517 arg1 × 547:547 1.03 × 105 542:551 1.03 × 105 542:551 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 17 theme RBP-H 513:517 arg1 weights 497:503 The molecular weights 483:503 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E 483:535 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 2 18 theme polysaccharides 370:384 arg1 patterns 358:365 the typical spectral patterns 337:365 the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides 337:384 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 7 19 theme function 1107:1114 arg1 enhancement 1071:1081 its enhancement 1067:1081 its enhancement of antioxidant activity function 1067:1114 This study demonstrated that the effective antitumor activity of RBP may be owed to its enhancement of antioxidant activity function. 28950032 10 20 theme antioxidant 1508:1518 arg1 enhancement 1476:1486 enhancement 1476:1486 enhancement of immunization and antioxidant 1476:1518 The results suggested that the antitumor activity of RBP was associated with enhancement of immunization and antioxidant. 28950032 3 21 theme RBP-E 531:535 arg1 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 21 theme RBP-E 531:535 arg1 × 547:547 1.03 × 105 542:551 1.03 × 105 542:551 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 21 theme RBP-E 531:535 arg1 weights 497:503 The molecular weights 483:503 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E 483:535 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 6 22 theme scavenging 945:954 arg1 effect 956:961 a scavenging effect 943:961 a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde 943:980 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 0 23 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 Features 11:18 Structural Features 0:18 Structural Features 0:18 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 4 24 theme mouse 654:658 arg1 cells 673:677 mouse sarcoma S180 cells 654:677 mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability 654:687 In vitro, all RBP samples significantly inhibited mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. 28950032 6 25 theme dismutase 885:893 arg1 enhancement 859:869 an enhancement 856:869 an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities 856:937 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 6 25 theme dismutase 885:893 arg1 effect 956:961 a scavenging effect 943:961 a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde 943:980 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 11 26 theme functional 1613:1622 arg1 foods 1624:1628 functional foods 1613:1628 functional foods 1613:1628 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 8 27 theme safe 1182:1185 arg1 RBP 1149:1151 RBP 1149:1151 RBP 1149:1151 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 27 theme safe 1182:1185 arg1 antitumor 1201:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 27 theme safe 1182:1185 arg1 agent 1222:1226 bioactive agent 1212:1226 bioactive agent 1212:1226 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 27 theme safe 1182:1185 arg1 food 1242:1245 functional food 1231:1245 functional food 1231:1245 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 6 28 from effect 956:961 arg1 malondialdehyde 966:980 malondialdehyde 966:980 malondialdehyde 966:980 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 4 29 theme cells 673:677 arg1 viability 679:687 mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability 654:687 mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability 654:687 In vitro, all RBP samples significantly inhibited mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. 28950032 2 30 theme chemical 403:410 arg1 composition 412:422 chemical composition 403:422 chemical composition 403:422 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 10 31 theme immunization 1491:1502 arg1 enhancement 1476:1486 enhancement 1476:1486 enhancement of immunization and antioxidant 1476:1518 The results suggested that the antitumor activity of RBP was associated with enhancement of immunization and antioxidant. 28950032 1 32 theme enzyme-assisted 266:280 arg1 RBP-E 294:298 RBP-E 294:298 RBP-E 294:298 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 1 32 theme enzyme-assisted 266:280 arg1 extraction 282:291 enzyme-assisted extraction 266:291 enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E) 266:299 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 2 33 theme molecular 425:433 arg1 features 435:442 molecular features 425:442 molecular features 425:442 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 3 34 theme × 577:577 arg1 g/mol 583:587 0.46 × 105 g/mol 572:587 0.46 × 105 g/mol 572:587 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 4 35 theme S180 668:671 arg1 cells 673:677 mouse sarcoma S180 cells 654:677 mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability 654:687 In vitro, all RBP samples significantly inhibited mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. 28950032 1 36 theme rice 138:141 arg1 RBP 165:167 RBP 165:167 RBP 165:167 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 1 36 theme rice 138:141 arg1 polysaccharides 148:162 rice bran polysaccharides 138:162 rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) 138:168 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 0 37 theme Antioxidant 35:45 arg1 Activities 47:56 Antioxidant Activities 35:56 Antioxidant Activities 35:56 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 3 38 theme molecular 487:495 arg1 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 Mw 506:507 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 38 theme molecular 487:495 arg1 × 547:547 1.03 × 105 542:551 1.03 × 105 542:551 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 3 38 theme molecular 487:495 arg1 weights 497:503 The molecular weights 483:503 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E 483:535 The molecular weights (Mw) of RBP-H, RBP-M, and RBP-E were 1.03 × 105 , 2.62 × 105 , and 0.46 × 105 g/mol, respectively. 28950032 6 39 theme peroxidase 917:926 arg1 enhancement 859:869 an enhancement 856:869 an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities 856:937 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 6 39 theme peroxidase 917:926 arg1 effect 956:961 a scavenging effect 943:961 a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde 943:980 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 1 40 theme hydrothermal 195:206 arg1 RBP-H 216:220 RBP-H 216:220 RBP-H 216:220 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 1 40 theme hydrothermal 195:206 arg1 method 208:213 the hydrothermal method 191:213 the hydrothermal method (RBP-H) 191:221 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 7 41 theme RBP 1048:1050 arg1 activity 1036:1043 the effective antitumor activity 1012:1043 the effective antitumor activity of RBP 1012:1050 This study demonstrated that the effective antitumor activity of RBP may be owed to its enhancement of antioxidant activity function. 28950032 9 42 theme rice 1304:1307 arg1 bran 1309:1312 rice bran 1304:1312 rice bran (RBP) 1304:1318 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 9 42 theme rice 1304:1307 arg1 RBP 1315:1317 RBP 1315:1317 RBP 1315:1317 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 6 43 theme glutathione 905:915 arg1 peroxidase 917:926 glutathione peroxidase 905:926 glutathione peroxidase 905:926 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 7 44 theme antitumor 1026:1034 arg1 activity 1036:1043 the effective antitumor activity 1012:1043 the effective antitumor activity of RBP 1012:1050 This study demonstrated that the effective antitumor activity of RBP may be owed to its enhancement of antioxidant activity function. 28950032 5 45 theme tumor 782:786 arg1 growth 768:773 the growth 764:773 the growth of the tumor 764:786 In vivo, RBP-M or RBP-E could not only inhibit the growth of the tumor, but also enhance the spleen index. 28950032 10 46 theme antitumor 1430:1438 arg1 activity 1440:1447 the antitumor activity 1426:1447 the antitumor activity of RBP 1426:1454 The results suggested that the antitumor activity of RBP was associated with enhancement of immunization and antioxidant. 28950032 10 47 theme RBP 1452:1454 arg1 activity 1440:1447 the antitumor activity 1426:1447 the antitumor activity of RBP 1426:1454 The results suggested that the antitumor activity of RBP was associated with enhancement of immunization and antioxidant. 28950032 9 48 theme enzyme-assisted 1363:1377 arg1 methods 1390:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 9 49 theme PRACTICAL 1248:1256 arg1 Polysaccharides 1270:1284 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides 1248:1284 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides 1248:1284 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 6 50 from enhancement 859:869 arg1 malondialdehyde 966:980 malondialdehyde 966:980 malondialdehyde 966:980 In addition, RBP-E could induce an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities and a scavenging effect on malondialdehyde. 28950032 7 51 theme antioxidant 1086:1096 arg1 function 1107:1114 antioxidant activity function 1086:1114 antioxidant activity function 1086:1114 This study demonstrated that the effective antitumor activity of RBP may be owed to its enhancement of antioxidant activity function. 28950032 2 52 theme RBP 315:317 arg1 samples 319:325 The prepared RBP samples 302:325 The prepared RBP samples 302:325 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 9 53 theme APPLICATION 1258:1268 arg1 Polysaccharides 1270:1284 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides 1248:1284 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides 1248:1284 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 2 54 theme prepared 306:313 arg1 samples 319:325 The prepared RBP samples 302:325 The prepared RBP samples 302:325 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 8 55 theme effective 1191:1199 arg1 RBP 1149:1151 RBP 1149:1151 RBP 1149:1151 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 55 theme effective 1191:1199 arg1 antitumor 1201:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 a safe and effective antitumor 1180:1209 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 55 theme effective 1191:1199 arg1 agent 1222:1226 bioactive agent 1212:1226 bioactive agent 1212:1226 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 8 55 theme effective 1191:1199 arg1 food 1242:1245 functional food 1231:1245 functional food 1231:1245 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 1 56 theme bran 143:146 arg1 RBP 165:167 RBP 165:167 RBP 165:167 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 1 56 theme bran 143:146 arg1 polysaccharides 148:162 rice bran polysaccharides 138:162 rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) 138:168 In this study, rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) were extracted using the hydrothermal method (RBP-H), microwave-assisted extraction (RBP-M) and enzyme-assisted extraction (RBP-E). 28950032 5 57 theme spleen 810:815 arg1 index 817:821 the spleen index 806:821 the spleen index 806:821 In vivo, RBP-M or RBP-E could not only inhibit the growth of the tumor, but also enhance the spleen index. 28950032 0 58 theme Bran 66:69 arg1 Polysaccharides 71:85 Rice Bran Polysaccharides 61:85 Rice Bran Polysaccharides 61:85 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 9 59 theme extraction 1379:1388 arg1 methods 1390:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 9 60 theme microwave-assisted 1340:1357 arg1 methods 1390:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods 1326:1396 PRACTICAL APPLICATION Polysaccharides is extracted from rice bran (RBP) using hydrothermal, microwave-assisted and enzyme-assisted extraction methods. 28950032 2 61 theme spectral 349:356 arg1 patterns 358:365 the typical spectral patterns 337:365 the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides 337:384 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 8 62 theme present 1121:1127 arg1 work 1129:1132 The present work 1117:1132 The present work 1117:1132 The present work suggested that RBP, especially RBP-E could be a safe and effective antitumor, bioactive agent or functional food. 28950032 0 63 theme Rice 61:64 arg1 Polysaccharides 71:85 Rice Bran Polysaccharides 61:85 Rice Bran Polysaccharides 61:85 Structural Features, Antitumor and Antioxidant Activities of Rice Bran Polysaccharides Using Different Extraction Methods. 28950032 11 64 theme natural 1548:1554 arg1 agent 1582:1586 a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent 1546:1586 a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods 1546:1628 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 11 64 theme natural 1548:1554 arg1 RBP 1521:1523 RBP 1521:1523 RBP 1521:1523 RBP could be explored as a natural antitumor and antioxidant agent applied in medicines and functional foods. 28950032 2 65 theme typical 341:347 arg1 patterns 358:365 the typical spectral patterns 337:365 the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides 337:384 The prepared RBP samples exhibited the typical spectral patterns of polysaccharides, but differed in chemical composition, molecular features, antitumor and antioxidant activities. 28950032 4 66 theme RBP 618:620 arg1 samples 622:628 all RBP samples 614:628 all RBP samples 614:628 In vitro, all RBP samples significantly inhibited mouse sarcoma S180 cells viability in a dose-dependent manner. 24904645 4 0 theme environmental 891:903 arg1 factors 905:911 genetic and environmental factors 879:911 genetic and environmental factors 879:911 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 4 1 theme direct 780:785 arg1 template 791:798 a direct DNA template 778:798 a direct DNA template 778:798 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 3 2 theme novel 646:650 arg1 entities 662:669 novel molecular entities 646:669 novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template 646:715 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 6 3 theme glycan 1319:1324 arg1 parts 1326:1330 glycan parts 1319:1330 glycan parts 1319:1330 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 3 4 dep revolution 524:533 arg1 appearance 553:562 the appearance 549:562 the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two 549:612 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 4 5 theme pathway 847:853 arg1 product 813:819 product 813:819 product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors 813:911 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 4 5 theme pathway 847:853 arg1 glycans 801:807 glycans 801:807 glycans 801:807 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 3 6 theme molecular 652:660 arg1 entities 662:669 novel molecular entities 646:669 novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template 646:715 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 4 7 theme DNA 787:789 arg1 template 791:798 a direct DNA template 778:798 a direct DNA template 778:798 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 3 8 theme glycans 502:508 arg1 invention 489:497 the invention 485:497 the invention of glycans 485:508 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 8 theme glycans 502:508 arg1 revolution 524:533 the third revolution 514:533 the third revolution 514:533 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 9 theme perspective 434:444 arg1 article 446:452 this perspective article 429:452 this perspective article 429:452 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 10 theme entities 662:669 arg1 creation 634:641 the creation 630:641 the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template 630:715 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 1 11 theme complex 146:152 arg1 maintenance 65:75 maintenance 65:75 maintenance 65:75 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 1 11 theme complex 146:152 arg1 task 154:157 an extremely complex task 133:157 an extremely complex task 133:157 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 1 11 theme complex 146:152 arg1 development 49:59 development 49:59 development 49:59 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 6 12 from fact 1200:1203 arg1 importance 1152:1161 The importance 1148:1161 The importance of glycosylation 1148:1178 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 6 12 from fact 1200:1203 arg1 evident 1183:1189 evident 1183:1189 evident 1183:1189 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 5 13 gly glycosylation 1058:1070 arg1 protein 1101:1107 protein structure 1101:1117 protein structure 1101:1117 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 0 14 from revolution 20:29 arg1 evolution 34:42 evolution 34:42 evolution 34:42 Glycans - the third revolution in evolution. 24904645 2 15 from increase 307:314 arg1 number 323:328 the number 319:328 the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes 319:383 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 3 16 theme third 518:522 arg1 invention 489:497 the invention 485:497 the invention of glycans 485:508 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 16 theme third 518:522 arg1 revolution 524:533 the third revolution 514:533 the third revolution 514:533 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 2 17 theme genes 333:337 arg1 number 323:328 the number 319:328 the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes 319:383 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 6 18 theme life 1277:1280 arg1 appearance 1249:1258 the appearance 1245:1258 the appearance of multicellular life 1245:1280 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 2 19 dep quantum 398:404 arg1 leap 406:409 leap 406:409 leap 406:409 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 0 20 theme third 14:18 arg1 revolution 20:29 the third revolution 10:29 the third revolution in evolution 10:42 Glycans - the third revolution in evolution. 24904645 1 21 theme complex 82:88 arg1 organism 90:97 a complex organism 80:97 a complex organism composed of trillions of cells 80:128 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 4 22 theme nucleic 743:749 arg1 acids 751:755 nucleic acids 743:755 nucleic acids 743:755 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 2 23 dep requires 197:204 arg1 difficult 264:272 difficult 264:272 difficult 264:272 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 1 24 theme organism 90:97 arg1 maintenance 65:75 maintenance 65:75 maintenance 65:75 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 1 24 theme organism 90:97 arg1 development 49:59 development 49:59 development 49:59 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 1 24 theme organism 90:97 arg1 task 154:157 an extremely complex task 133:157 an extremely complex task 133:157 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 2 25 theme higher 367:372 arg1 eukaryotes 374:383 higher eukaryotes 367:383 higher eukaryotes 367:383 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 5 26 theme novel 1131:1135 arg1 functions 1137:1145 novel functions 1131:1145 novel functions 1131:1145 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 4 27 theme biosynthetic 834:845 arg1 pathway 847:853 a complex biosynthetic pathway 824:853 a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors 824:911 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 5 28 theme other 994:998 arg1 switches 1048:1055 off/on switches 1041:1055 off/on switches 1041:1055 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 5 28 theme other 994:998 arg1 modifications 1013:1025 other epiproteomic modifications 994:1025 other epiproteomic modifications 994:1025 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 2 29 theme specific 208:215 arg1 structures 227:236 a specific molecular structures 206:236 a specific molecular structures 206:236 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 2 30 theme simple 347:352 arg1 bacteria 354:361 simple bacteria 347:361 simple bacteria 347:361 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 3 31 theme genetic 700:706 arg1 template 708:715 a direct genetic template 691:715 a direct genetic template 691:715 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 4 32 theme factors 905:911 arg1 hundreds 867:874 hundreds 867:874 hundreds of genetic and environmental factors 867:911 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 5 33 theme epiproteomic 1000:1011 arg1 switches 1048:1055 off/on switches 1041:1055 off/on switches 1041:1055 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 5 33 theme epiproteomic 1000:1011 arg1 modifications 1013:1025 other epiproteomic modifications 994:1025 other epiproteomic modifications 994:1025 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 5 34 theme adaptive 939:946 arg1 response 948:955 adaptive response 939:955 adaptive response to environmental changes 939:980 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 5 35 theme protein 1101:1107 arg1 structure 1109:1117 protein structure 1101:1117 protein structure 1101:1117 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 3 36 theme proteins 585:592 arg1 appearance 553:562 the appearance 549:562 the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two 549:612 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 6 37 theme glycosylation 1166:1178 arg1 importance 1152:1161 The importance 1148:1161 The importance of glycosylation 1148:1178 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 6 37 theme glycosylation 1166:1178 arg1 evident 1183:1189 evident 1183:1189 evident 1183:1189 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 2 38 theme tenfold 299:305 arg1 increase 307:314 less than tenfold increase 289:314 less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes 289:383 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 4 39 theme complex 826:832 arg1 pathway 847:853 a complex biosynthetic pathway 824:853 a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors 824:911 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 5 40 theme environmental 960:972 arg1 changes 974:980 environmental changes 960:980 environmental changes 960:980 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 0 41 dep revolution 20:29 arg1 Glycans 0:6 Glycans 0:6 Glycans 0:6 Glycans - the third revolution in evolution. 24904645 2 42 theme than 294:297 arg1 increase 307:314 less than tenfold increase 289:314 less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes 289:383 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 3 43 theme direct 693:698 arg1 template 708:715 a direct genetic template 691:715 a direct genetic template 691:715 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 44 theme nucleic 567:573 arg1 acids 575:579 nucleic acids 567:579 nucleic acids 567:579 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 45 attach present 457:463 arg1 article 446:452 this perspective article 429:452 this perspective article 429:452 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 3 45 attach present 457:463 arg2 we 454:455 we 454:455 we 454:455 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 2 46 theme less 289:292 arg1 increase 307:314 less than tenfold increase 289:314 less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes 289:383 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 6 47 theme multicellular 1263:1275 arg1 life 1277:1280 multicellular life 1263:1280 multicellular life 1263:1280 The importance of glycosylation is evident from the fact that nearly all proteins invented after the appearance of multicellular life are composed of both polypeptide and glycan parts. 24904645 2 48 theme molecular 167:175 arg1 level 177:181 the molecular level 163:181 the molecular level 163:181 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 24904645 3 49 theme acids 575:579 arg1 appearance 553:562 the appearance 549:562 the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two 549:612 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 1 50 dep development 49:59 arg1 The 45:47 The 45:47 The 45:47 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 4 51 theme genetic 879:885 arg1 factors 905:911 genetic and environmental factors 879:911 genetic and environmental factors 879:911 Contrary to proteins and nucleic acids, which are made from a direct DNA template, glycans are product of a complex biosynthetic pathway affected by hundreds of genetic and environmental factors. 24904645 1 52 theme cells 124:128 arg1 trillions 111:119 trillions 111:119 trillions of cells 111:128 The development and maintenance of a complex organism composed of trillions of cells is an extremely complex task. 24904645 3 53 from revolution 524:533 arg1 evolution 538:546 evolution 538:546 evolution 538:546 In this perspective article we present the hypothesis that the invention of glycans was the third revolution in evolution (the appearance of nucleic acids and proteins being the first two), which enabled the creation of novel molecular entities that do not require a direct genetic template. 24904645 5 54 theme off/on 1041:1046 arg1 switches 1048:1055 off/on switches 1041:1055 off/on switches 1041:1055 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 5 54 theme off/on 1041:1046 arg1 modifications 1013:1025 other epiproteomic modifications 994:1025 other epiproteomic modifications 994:1025 Therefore glycans enable adaptive response to environmental changes and, unlike other epiproteomic modifications, which act as off/on switches, glycosylation significantly contributes to protein structure and enables novel functions. 24904645 2 55 theme molecular 217:225 arg1 structures 227:236 a specific molecular structures 206:236 a specific molecular structures 206:236 At the molecular level every process requires a specific molecular structures to perform it, thus it is difficult to imagine how less than tenfold increase in the number of genes between simple bacteria and higher eukaryotes enabled this quantum leap in complexity. 27987760 0 0 theme tissue 87:92 arg1 engineering 94:104 soft tissue engineering 82:104 soft tissue engineering 82:104 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 4 1 theme weight 727:732 arg1 alginate 734:741 high molecular weight alginate 712:741 high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) 712:752 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 4 1 theme weight 727:732 arg1 Alg 749:751 High Alg 744:751 High Alg 744:751 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 0 2 theme soft 82:85 arg1 engineering 94:104 soft tissue engineering 82:104 soft tissue engineering 82:104 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 8 3 theme alginate-based 1295:1308 arg1 bioinks 1310:1316 alginate-based bioinks 1295:1316 alginate-based bioinks 1295:1316 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 1 4 theme three-dimensional 184:200 arg1 structures 207:216 three-dimensional (3D) structures 184:216 three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells 184:255 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 5 5 dep Alg 864:866 arg1 Alg 873:875 High Alg 868:875 Low Alg:High Alg 860:875 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 4 6 theme alginate 779:786 arg1 concentrations 694:707 the concentrations 690:707 the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg) 690:796 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 4 7 theme low 758:760 arg1 weight 772:777 low molecular weight 758:777 low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg) 758:796 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 1 8 theme various 283:289 arg1 engineering 331:341 tissue engineering 324:341 tissue engineering 324:341 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 1 8 theme various 283:289 arg1 applications 302:313 various biomedical applications 283:313 various biomedical applications 283:313 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 1 8 theme various 283:289 arg1 studies 362:368 drug-screening studies 347:368 drug-screening studies 347:368 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 6 9 theme culture 1107:1113 arg1 7days 1098:1102 7days 1098:1102 7days of culture 1098:1113 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 5 10 theme scaffolds 923:931 arg1 construction 904:915 the construction 900:915 the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes 900:967 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 7 11 theme cell 1187:1190 arg1 growth 1192:1197 better cell growth 1180:1197 better cell growth 1180:1197 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 4 12 theme weight 772:777 arg1 alginate 779:786 low molecular weight alginate 758:786 low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg) 758:796 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 4 12 theme weight 772:777 arg1 Alg 793:795 Low Alg 789:795 Low Alg 789:795 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 1 13 theme biomedical 291:300 arg1 engineering 331:341 tissue engineering 324:341 tissue engineering 324:341 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 1 13 theme biomedical 291:300 arg1 applications 302:313 various biomedical applications 283:313 various biomedical applications 283:313 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 1 13 theme biomedical 291:300 arg1 studies 362:368 drug-screening studies 347:368 drug-screening studies 347:368 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 4 14 theme molecular 717:725 arg1 weight 727:732 high molecular weight 712:732 high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) 712:752 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 5 15 theme High 835:838 arg1 Alg 840:842 High Alg 835:842 High Alg alone 835:848 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 4 16 theme Low 789:791 arg1 alginate 779:786 low molecular weight alginate 758:786 low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg) 758:796 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 4 16 theme Low 789:791 arg1 Alg 793:795 Low Alg 789:795 Low Alg 789:795 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 6 17 theme good 1039:1042 arg1 viability 1044:1052 good viability 1039:1052 good viability 1039:1052 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 6 18 theme culture 1014:1020 arg1 studies 1022:1028 in vitro culture studies 1005:1028 in vitro culture studies 1005:1028 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 7 19 theme Low 1147:1149 arg1 Alg 1151:1153 High and Low Alg 1138:1153 High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio 1138:1168 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 5 20 theme High 868:871 arg1 Alg 873:875 High Alg 868:875 Low Alg:High Alg 860:875 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 5 21 contain containing 824:833 arg2 composite 878:886 a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 853:886 a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 853:886 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 5 21 contain containing 824:833 arg2 Alg 840:842 High Alg 835:842 High Alg alone 835:848 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 5 21 contain containing 824:833 arg1 alginate 815:822 3wt% alginate 810:822 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 810:886 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 5 22 theme 3wt 810:812 arg1 alginate 815:822 3wt% alginate 810:822 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 810:886 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 8 23 dep design 1268:1273 arg1 the 1264:1266 the 1264:1266 the 1264:1266 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 0 24 theme 3D 11:12 arg1 matrix 35:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 7 25 theme 2:1 1160:1162 arg1 ratio 1164:1168 a 2:1 ratio 1158:1168 a 2:1 ratio 1158:1168 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 8 26 theme cell-printing 1322:1334 arg1 platforms 1336:1344 cell-printing platforms 1322:1344 cell-printing platforms 1322:1344 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 5 27 theme 1:2 855:857 arg1 composite 878:886 a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 853:886 a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 853:886 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 0 28 theme Cell-laden 0:9 arg1 matrix 35:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 1 29 dep three-dimensional 184:200 arg1 3D 203:204 3D 203:204 3D 203:204 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 0 30 theme hydrogel 26:33 arg1 matrix 35:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 3 31 from influence 522:530 arg1 bio-printing 553:564 3D bio-printing 550:564 3D bio-printing with cells 550:575 However, the influence of composition on 3D bio-printing with cells has not been well explored. 27987760 4 32 theme molecular 762:770 arg1 weight 772:777 low molecular weight 758:777 low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg) 758:796 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 5 33 theme 3D 920:921 arg1 scaffolds 923:931 3D scaffolds 920:931 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes 920:967 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 2 34 theme printing 464:471 arg1 viability 481:489 the viability 477:489 the viability of printed cells 477:506 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 2 34 theme printing 464:471 arg1 processability 446:459 the processability 442:459 the processability of printing 442:471 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 6 35 dep in 1005:1006 arg1 vitro 1008:1012 vitro 1008:1012 vitro 1008:1012 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 8 36 theme bioinks 1310:1316 arg1 applications 1279:1290 applications 1279:1290 applications 1279:1290 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 8 36 theme bioinks 1310:1316 arg1 design 1268:1273 design 1268:1273 design 1268:1273 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 8 37 theme soft 1349:1352 arg1 engineering 1361:1371 soft tissue engineering 1349:1371 soft tissue engineering 1349:1371 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 0 38 dep compositions 65:76 arg1 evaluation 128:137 evaluation 128:137 evaluation 128:137 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 0 38 dep compositions 65:76 arg1 Characterization 107:122 Characterization 107:122 Characterization 107:122 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 0 38 dep compositions 65:76 arg1 compositions 65:76 different compositions 55:76 different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation 55:137 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 1 39 theme biocompatible 223:235 arg1 materials 237:245 biocompatible materials 223:245 biocompatible materials 223:245 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 3 40 with bio-printing 553:564 arg1 cells 571:575 cells 571:575 cells 571:575 However, the influence of composition on 3D bio-printing with cells has not been well explored. 27987760 7 41 theme other 1222:1226 arg1 compositions 1228:1239 other compositions 1222:1239 other compositions 1222:1239 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 7 42 theme High 1138:1141 arg1 Alg 1151:1153 High and Low Alg 1138:1153 High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio 1138:1168 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 8 43 theme tissue 1354:1359 arg1 engineering 1361:1371 soft tissue engineering 1349:1371 soft tissue engineering 1349:1371 This study progresses the design and applications of alginate-based bioinks for cell-printing platforms in soft tissue engineering. 27987760 4 44 theme bioinks 671:677 arg1 compositions 646:657 different compositions 636:657 different compositions of alginate bioinks 636:677 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 2 45 theme cells 502:506 arg1 viability 481:489 the viability 477:489 the viability of printed cells 477:506 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 2 45 theme cells 502:506 arg1 processability 446:459 the processability 442:459 the processability of printing 442:471 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 1 46 theme tissue 324:329 arg1 engineering 331:341 tissue engineering 324:341 tissue engineering 324:341 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 5 47 theme % 813:813 arg1 alginate 815:822 3wt% alginate 810:822 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 810:886 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 4 48 theme alginate 662:669 arg1 bioinks 671:677 alginate bioinks 662:677 alginate bioinks 662:677 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 2 49 theme printed 494:500 arg1 cells 502:506 printed cells 494:506 printed cells 494:506 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 5 50 theme Low 860:862 arg1 Alg 864:866 Low Alg 860:866 Low Alg:High Alg 860:875 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 5 51 dep composite 878:886 arg1 Alg 864:866 Low Alg 860:866 Low Alg:High Alg 860:875 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 6 52 theme printed 1072:1078 arg1 cells 1080:1084 the printed cells 1068:1084 the printed cells 1068:1084 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 2 53 theme successful 375:384 arg1 cell-printing 386:398 successful cell-printing 375:398 successful cell-printing with cells 375:409 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 5 54 with scaffolds 923:931 arg1 shapes 962:967 shapes 962:967 shapes 962:967 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 5 54 with scaffolds 923:931 arg1 processability 943:956 good processability 938:956 good processability 938:956 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 1 55 with structures 207:216 arg1 cells 251:255 cells 251:255 cells 251:255 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 1 55 with structures 207:216 arg1 materials 237:245 biocompatible materials 223:245 biocompatible materials 223:245 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 3 56 theme composition 535:545 arg1 influence 522:530 the influence 518:530 the influence of composition on 3D bio-printing with cells 518:575 However, the influence of composition on 3D bio-printing with cells has not been well explored. 27987760 4 57 theme alginate 734:741 arg1 concentrations 694:707 the concentrations 690:707 the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg) 690:796 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 1 58 theme drug-screening 347:360 arg1 studies 362:368 drug-screening studies 347:368 drug-screening studies 347:368 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 2 59 with cell-printing 386:398 arg1 cells 405:409 cells 405:409 cells 405:409 For successful cell-printing with cells, bioinks are critical for both the processability of printing and the viability of printed cells. 27987760 6 60 with Cell-printing 970:982 arg1 studies 1022:1028 in vitro culture studies 1005:1028 in vitro culture studies 1005:1028 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 6 60 with Cell-printing 970:982 arg1 fibroblasts 989:999 fibroblasts 989:999 fibroblasts 989:999 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 1 61 theme Cell-printing 140:152 arg1 techniques 154:163 Cell-printing techniques 140:163 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells 140:255 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 27987760 6 62 theme cells 1080:1084 arg1 growth 1058:1063 growth 1058:1063 growth 1058:1063 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 6 62 theme cells 1080:1084 arg1 viability 1044:1052 good viability 1039:1052 good viability 1039:1052 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 5 63 theme good 938:941 arg1 processability 943:956 good processability 938:956 good processability 938:956 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 7 64 from ratio 1164:1168 arg1 Alg 1151:1153 High and Low Alg 1138:1153 High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio 1138:1168 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 5 65 theme alginate 815:822 arg1 Bioinks 799:805 Bioinks 799:805 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite 799:886 Bioinks of 3wt% alginate containing High Alg alone or a 1:2 (Low Alg:High Alg) composite allowed for the construction of 3D scaffolds with good processability and shapes. 27987760 4 66 theme High 744:747 arg1 alginate 734:741 high molecular weight alginate 712:741 high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) 712:752 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 4 66 theme High 744:747 arg1 Alg 749:751 High Alg 744:751 High Alg 744:751 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 6 67 theme in 1005:1006 arg1 studies 1022:1028 in vitro culture studies 1005:1028 in vitro culture studies 1005:1028 Cell-printing with fibroblasts and in vitro culture studies revealed good viability and growth of the printed cells after up to 7days of culture. 27987760 4 68 theme high 712:715 arg1 weight 727:732 high molecular weight 712:732 high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) 712:752 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 4 69 theme different 636:644 arg1 compositions 646:657 different compositions 636:657 different compositions of alginate bioinks 636:677 In this study, we investigated different compositions of alginate bioinks by varying the concentrations of high molecular weight alginate (High Alg) and low molecular weight alginate (Low Alg). 27987760 0 70 theme different 55:63 arg1 compositions 65:76 different compositions 55:76 different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation 55:137 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 0 70 theme different 55:63 arg1 Characterization 107:122 Characterization 107:122 Characterization 107:122 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 0 70 theme different 55:63 arg1 evaluation 128:137 evaluation 128:137 evaluation 128:137 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 0 71 theme bioprinting 14:24 arg1 matrix 35:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix 0:40 Cell-laden 3D bioprinting hydrogel matrix depending on different compositions for soft tissue engineering: Characterization and evaluation. 27987760 3 72 theme 3D 550:551 arg1 bio-printing 553:564 3D bio-printing 550:564 3D bio-printing with cells 550:575 However, the influence of composition on 3D bio-printing with cells has not been well explored. 27987760 7 73 theme better 1180:1185 arg1 growth 1192:1197 better cell growth 1180:1197 better cell growth 1180:1197 Bioinks prepared with High and Low Alg at a 2:1 ratio exhibited better cell growth compared with those of other compositions. 27987760 1 74 theme great 264:268 arg1 interest 270:277 great interest 264:277 great interest 264:277 Cell-printing techniques that can construct three-dimensional (3D) structures with biocompatible materials and cells are of great interest for various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug-screening studies. 25954913 4 0 theme crude 480:484 arg1 polysaccharides 486:500 All 3 crude polysaccharides 474:500 All 3 crude polysaccharides 474:500 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 5 1 theme in 950:951 arg1 activities 971:980 The in vitro antioxidant activities 946:980 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides 946:1005 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 0 2 from Characterization 9:24 arg1 Bodies 108:113 the Fruiting Bodies 95:113 the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 95:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 6 3 from concentration 1337:1349 arg1 > 1325:1325 PP80 > PP60 > PP30 1313:1330 PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1313:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 6 3 from concentration 1337:1349 arg1 order 1304:1308 the same order 1295:1308 the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1295:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 2 4 theme fruiting 331:338 arg1 bodies 340:345 the fruiting bodies 327:345 the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini 327:357 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 5 5 theme antioxidant 959:969 arg1 activities 971:980 The in vitro antioxidant activities 946:980 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides 946:1005 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 5 6 theme hydroxyl 1128:1135 arg1 radical 1137:1143 hydroxyl radical 1128:1143 hydroxyl radical 1128:1143 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 0 7 theme Fruiting 99:106 arg1 Bodies 108:113 the Fruiting Bodies 95:113 the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 95:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 8 from Evaluation 60:69 arg1 Bodies 108:113 the Fruiting Bodies 95:113 the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 95:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 6 9 theme > 1325:1325 arg1 order 1304:1308 the same order 1295:1308 the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1295:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 5 10 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic 1071:1103 arg1 acid 1105:1108 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1071:1108 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid 1071:1108 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 5 10 theme 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic 1071:1103 arg1 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1025:1053 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1025:1053 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1025:1053 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 2 11 dep polysaccharides 269:283 arg1 PP60 292:295 PP60 292:295 PP60 292:295 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 2 11 dep polysaccharides 269:283 arg1 PP80 302:305 PP80 302:305 PP80 302:305 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 2 11 dep polysaccharides 269:283 arg1 PP30 286:289 PP30 286:289 PP30 286:289 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 2 11 dep polysaccharides 269:283 arg1 polysaccharides 269:283 crude polysaccharides 263:283 crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) 263:306 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 3 12 dep characterization 379:394 arg1 The 360:362 The 360:362 The 360:362 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 3 13 theme basic 364:368 arg1 characterization 379:394 basic chemical characterization 364:394 basic chemical characterization 364:394 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 5 14 theme ferric-reducing 1150:1164 arg1 power 1178:1182 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 1150:1182 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 1150:1182 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 5 15 dep 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl 1025:1053 arg1 methods 1184:1190 methods 1184:1190 methods 1184:1190 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 5 16 theme crude 985:989 arg1 polysaccharides 991:1005 crude polysaccharides 985:1005 crude polysaccharides 985:1005 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 1 17 theme Phellinus 181:189 arg1 mushroom 220:227 a precious medicinal mushroom 199:227 a precious medicinal mushroom 199:227 Phellinus pini is a precious medicinal mushroom. 25954913 1 17 theme Phellinus 181:189 arg1 pini 191:194 Phellinus pini 181:194 Phellinus pini 181:194 Phellinus pini is a precious medicinal mushroom. 25954913 0 18 theme Chemical 0:7 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 6 19 theme PP60 1320:1323 arg1 > 1325:1325 PP80 > PP60 > PP30 1313:1330 PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1313:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 3 20 dep in 400:401 arg1 vitro 403:407 vitro 403:407 vitro 403:407 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 2 21 theme Pini 354:357 arg1 bodies 340:345 the fruiting bodies 327:345 the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini 327:357 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 0 22 theme In 30:31 arg1 Evaluation 60:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 5 23 theme antioxidant 1166:1176 arg1 power 1178:1182 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 1150:1182 ferric-reducing antioxidant power 1150:1182 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 0 24 theme Heart 126:130 arg1 pini 151:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini 118:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 118:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 24 theme Heart 126:130 arg1 Basidiomycetes 164:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 3 25 theme polysaccharides 441:455 arg1 activity 421:428 in vitro antioxidant activity 400:428 in vitro antioxidant activity 400:428 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 3 25 theme polysaccharides 441:455 arg1 characterization 379:394 basic chemical characterization 364:394 basic chemical characterization 364:394 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 6 26 theme PP80 1313:1316 arg1 > 1318:1318 > 1318:1318 > 1318:1318 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 0 27 theme Red 122:124 arg1 pini 151:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini 118:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 118:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 27 theme Red 122:124 arg1 Basidiomycetes 164:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 4 28 with complexes 528:536 arg1 acid 593:596 uronic acid 586:596 uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 586:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 28 with complexes 528:536 arg1 % 608:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 28 with complexes 528:536 arg1 protein 561:567 protein 561:567 protein (1.14-2.55%) 561:580 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 28 with complexes 528:536 arg1 % 579:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 28 with complexes 528:536 arg1 amount 551:556 a small amount 543:556 a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 543:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 0 29 theme Antioxidant 39:49 arg1 Evaluation 60:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 4 30 theme protein 561:567 arg1 acid 593:596 uronic acid 586:596 uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 586:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 30 theme protein 561:567 arg1 % 608:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 30 theme protein 561:567 arg1 protein 561:567 protein 561:567 protein (1.14-2.55%) 561:580 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 30 theme protein 561:567 arg1 % 579:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 30 theme protein 561:567 arg1 amount 551:556 a small amount 543:556 a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 543:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 0 31 theme Phellinus 141:149 arg1 pini 151:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini 118:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 118:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 31 theme Phellinus 141:149 arg1 Basidiomycetes 164:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 2 32 theme water-soluble 236:248 arg1 fractions 250:258 Three water-soluble fractions 230:258 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) 230:306 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 3 33 theme antioxidant 409:419 arg1 activity 421:428 in vitro antioxidant activity 400:428 in vitro antioxidant activity 400:428 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 1 34 theme precious 201:208 arg1 mushroom 220:227 a precious medicinal mushroom 199:227 a precious medicinal mushroom 199:227 Phellinus pini is a precious medicinal mushroom. 25954913 1 34 theme precious 201:208 arg1 pini 191:194 Phellinus pini 181:194 Phellinus pini 181:194 Phellinus pini is a precious medicinal mushroom. 25954913 3 35 theme in 400:401 arg1 activity 421:428 in vitro antioxidant activity 400:428 in vitro antioxidant activity 400:428 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 0 36 theme Mushroom 132:139 arg1 pini 151:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini 118:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 118:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 36 theme Mushroom 132:139 arg1 Basidiomycetes 164:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 5 37 dep in 950:951 arg1 vitro 953:957 vitro 953:957 vitro 953:957 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 4 38 theme heteropolysaccharide 507:526 arg1 complexes 528:536 heteropolysaccharide complexes 507:536 heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 507:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 1 39 theme medicinal 210:218 arg1 mushroom 220:227 a precious medicinal mushroom 199:227 a precious medicinal mushroom 199:227 Phellinus pini is a precious medicinal mushroom. 25954913 1 39 theme medicinal 210:218 arg1 pini 191:194 Phellinus pini 181:194 Phellinus pini 181:194 Phellinus pini is a precious medicinal mushroom. 25954913 3 40 theme chemical 370:377 arg1 characterization 379:394 basic chemical characterization 364:394 basic chemical characterization 364:394 The basic chemical characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of these 3 polysaccharides were determined. 25954913 6 41 theme same 1299:1302 arg1 order 1304:1308 the same order 1295:1308 the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1295:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 6 42 theme > 1318:1318 arg1 > 1325:1325 PP80 > PP60 > PP30 1313:1330 PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1313:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 6 43 from order 1304:1308 arg1 concentration 1337:1349 a concentration 1335:1349 a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1335:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 0 44 theme Activity 51:58 arg1 Evaluation 60:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 4 45 theme small 545:549 arg1 acid 593:596 uronic acid 586:596 uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 586:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 45 theme small 545:549 arg1 % 608:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 45 theme small 545:549 arg1 protein 561:567 protein 561:567 protein (1.14-2.55%) 561:580 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 45 theme small 545:549 arg1 % 579:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 45 theme small 545:549 arg1 amount 551:556 a small amount 543:556 a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 543:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 0 46 theme pini 151:154 arg1 Bodies 108:113 the Fruiting Bodies 95:113 the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 95:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 6 47 theme antioxidant 1197:1207 arg1 data 1209:1212 The antioxidant data 1193:1212 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods 1193:1241 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 25954913 5 48 theme polysaccharides 991:1005 arg1 activities 971:980 The in vitro antioxidant activities 946:980 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides 946:1005 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 2 49 theme polysaccharides 269:283 arg1 fractions 250:258 Three water-soluble fractions 230:258 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) 230:306 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 0 50 dep In 30:31 arg1 Vitro 33:37 Vitro 33:37 Vitro 33:37 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 4 51 theme acid 593:596 arg1 acid 593:596 uronic acid 586:596 uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 586:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 51 theme acid 593:596 arg1 % 608:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 51 theme acid 593:596 arg1 protein 561:567 protein 561:567 protein (1.14-2.55%) 561:580 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 51 theme acid 593:596 arg1 % 579:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 1.14-2.55% 570:579 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 51 theme acid 593:596 arg1 amount 551:556 a small amount 543:556 a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 543:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 0 52 theme Higher 157:162 arg1 pini 151:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini 118:154 the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 118:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 52 theme Higher 157:162 arg1 Basidiomycetes 164:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Higher Basidiomycetes 157:177 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 53 from Bodies 108:113 arg1 Evaluation 60:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 53 from Bodies 108:113 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 53 from Bodies 108:113 arg1 Polysaccharides 74:88 Polysaccharides 74:88 Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes) 74:178 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 2 54 theme crude 263:267 arg1 PP60 292:295 PP60 292:295 PP60 292:295 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 2 54 theme crude 263:267 arg1 PP80 302:305 PP80 302:305 PP80 302:305 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 2 54 theme crude 263:267 arg1 PP30 286:289 PP30 286:289 PP30 286:289 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 2 54 theme crude 263:267 arg1 polysaccharides 269:283 crude polysaccharides 263:283 crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) 263:306 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 4 55 theme uronic 586:591 arg1 acid 593:596 uronic acid 586:596 uronic acid (2.06-4.11%) 586:609 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 4 55 theme uronic 586:591 arg1 % 608:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 2.06-4.11% 599:608 All 3 crude polysaccharides were heteropolysaccharide complexes with a small amount of protein (1.14-2.55%) and uronic acid (2.06-4.11%). 25954913 0 56 theme Polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Characterization 9:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization 0:24 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 0 56 theme Polysaccharides 74:88 arg1 Evaluation 60:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation 30:69 Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides from the Fruiting Bodies of the Red Heart Mushroom Phellinus pini (Higher Basidiomycetes). 25954913 2 57 theme Ph. 350:352 arg1 Pini 354:357 Ph. Pini 350:357 Ph. Pini 350:357 Three water-soluble fractions of crude polysaccharides (PP30, PP60, and PP80) were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ph. Pini. 25954913 5 58 theme diammonium 1111:1120 arg1 salt 1122:1125 diammonium salt 1111:1125 diammonium salt 1111:1125 The in vitro antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharides were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, hydroxyl radical, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. 25954913 6 59 theme mg/mL 1362:1366 arg1 concentration 1337:1349 a concentration 1335:1349 a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL 1335:1366 The antioxidant data obtained using these methods were in accordance with each other and decreased in the same order of PP80 > PP60 > PP30 at a concentration of 0.1-2.5 mg/mL. 27413183 7 0 theme synthesized 1605:1615 arg1 glycoproteins 1617:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 8 1 from impairment 1669:1678 arg1 function 1696:1703 calreticulin function 1683:1703 calreticulin function 1683:1703 In all cases, we observed a profound impairment in calreticulin function when its lectin site was inactivated. 27413183 2 2 theme latter 338:343 arg1 interaction 345:355 the latter interaction 334:355 the latter interaction 334:355 In vitro, the latter interaction potently suppresses the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins. 27413183 9 3 theme polypeptide 1775:1785 arg1 site 1795:1798 the polypeptide binding site 1771:1798 the polypeptide binding site 1771:1798 Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. 27413183 7 4 theme mutant 1545:1550 arg1 forms 1552:1556 mutant forms 1545:1556 mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin 1545:1574 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 10 5 theme interaction 1880:1890 arg1 contributor 1911:1921 the predominant contributor 1895:1921 the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum 1895:1997 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 10 5 theme interaction 1880:1890 arg1 mode 1865:1868 the lectin-based mode 1848:1868 the lectin-based mode of client interaction 1848:1890 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 9 6 theme site 1795:1798 arg1 inactivation 1755:1766 inactivation 1755:1766 inactivation of the polypeptide binding site 1755:1798 Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. 27413183 6 7 theme substrate 1131:1139 arg1 mimetics 1141:1148 substrate mimetics 1131:1148 substrate mimetics 1131:1148 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 6 7 theme substrate 1131:1139 arg1 peptides 1110:1117 several hydrophobic peptides 1090:1117 several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1090:1208 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 3 8 gly glycoproteins 663:675 arg1 glycoproteins 663:675 glycoproteins 663:675 glycoproteins 663:675 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 7 9 theme α1-antitrypsin 1561:1574 arg1 forms 1552:1556 mutant forms 1545:1556 mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin 1545:1574 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 9 10 theme little 1804:1809 arg1 impact 1811:1816 little impact 1804:1816 little impact 1804:1816 Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. 27413183 1 11 theme endoplasmic 166:176 arg1 reticulum 178:186 the endoplasmic reticulum 162:186 the endoplasmic reticulum 162:186 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 7 12 theme I 1514:1514 arg1 molecules 1516:1524 MHC class I molecules 1504:1524 MHC class I molecules 1504:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 13 from interactions 1581:1592 arg1 biogenesis 1490:1499 the biogenesis 1486:1499 the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules 1486:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 4 14 dep in 781:782 arg1 vitro 784:788 vitro 784:788 vitro 784:788 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 7 15 theme MHC 1504:1506 arg1 molecules 1516:1524 MHC class I molecules 1504:1524 MHC class I molecules 1504:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 4 16 theme binding 748:754 arg1 site 756:759 the polypeptide binding site 732:759 the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function 732:821 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 5 17 theme calreticulin 957:968 arg1 ability 946:952 the ability 942:952 the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 942:1053 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 7 18 from cells 1312:1316 arg1 contributions 1234:1246 the relative contributions 1221:1246 the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells 1221:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 4 19 theme responsible 761:771 arg1 site 756:759 the polypeptide binding site 732:759 the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function 732:821 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 3 20 theme glycoproteins 663:675 arg1 biogenesis 649:658 the biogenesis 645:658 the biogenesis of glycoproteins 645:675 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 5 21 gly non-glycosylated 1019:1034 arg1 luciferase 1044:1053 non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 1019:1053 non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 1019:1053 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 7 22 with effects 1475:1481 arg1 glycoproteins 1617:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 10 23 theme calreticulin 1953:1964 arg1 functions 1940:1948 the chaperone functions 1926:1948 the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum 1926:1997 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 7 24 from solubility 1531:1540 arg1 biogenesis 1490:1499 the biogenesis 1486:1499 the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules 1486:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 1 25 theme lectin 142:147 arg1 chaperone 149:157 a lectin chaperone 140:157 a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain 140:321 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 1 25 theme lectin 142:147 arg1 Calreticulin 124:135 Calreticulin 124:135 Calreticulin 124:135 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 2 26 gly non-glycosylated 404:419 arg1 proteins 421:428 various non-glycosylated proteins 396:428 various non-glycosylated proteins 396:428 In vitro, the latter interaction potently suppresses the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins. 27413183 4 27 theme suppression 802:812 arg1 function 814:821 the in vitro aggregation suppression function 777:821 the in vitro aggregation suppression function 777:821 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 5 28 theme non-glycosylated 1019:1034 arg1 luciferase 1044:1053 non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 1019:1053 non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 1019:1053 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 2 29 theme various 396:402 arg1 proteins 421:428 various non-glycosylated proteins 396:428 various non-glycosylated proteins 396:428 In vitro, the latter interaction potently suppresses the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins. 27413183 7 30 theme -independent 1276:1287 arg1 interactions 1289:1300 the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions 1251:1300 the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells 1251:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 0 31 theme Polypeptide 32:42 arg1 Calreticulin 61:72 Calreticulin 61:72 Calreticulin 61:72 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 0 31 theme Polypeptide 32:42 arg1 Sites 52:56 the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites 17:56 Sites 52:56 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 5 32 theme luciferase 1044:1053 arg1 aggregation 1004:1014 the thermally induced aggregation 982:1014 the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 982:1053 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 7 33 theme glycan-dependent 1255:1270 arg1 interactions 1289:1300 the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions 1251:1300 the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells 1251:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 2 34 theme proteins 421:428 arg1 aggregation 381:391 the aggregation 377:391 the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins 377:428 In vitro, the latter interaction potently suppresses the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins. 27413183 9 35 contain had 1800:1802 arg2 impact 1811:1816 little impact 1804:1816 little impact 1804:1816 Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. 27413183 9 35 contain had 1800:1802 arg1 inactivation 1755:1766 inactivation 1755:1766 inactivation of the polypeptide binding site 1755:1798 Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. 27413183 7 36 theme relative 1225:1232 arg1 contributions 1234:1246 the relative contributions 1221:1246 the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells 1221:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 37 theme calreticulin 1402:1413 arg1 constructs 1415:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs 1332:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells 1332:1455 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 8 38 theme calreticulin 1683:1694 arg1 function 1696:1703 calreticulin function 1683:1703 calreticulin function 1683:1703 In all cases, we observed a profound impairment in calreticulin function when its lectin site was inactivated. 27413183 0 39 theme Binding 44:50 arg1 Calreticulin 61:72 Calreticulin 61:72 Calreticulin 61:72 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 0 39 theme Binding 44:50 arg1 Sites 52:56 the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites 17:56 Sites 52:56 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 7 40 from constructs 1415:1424 arg1 cells 1451:1455 calreticulin-negative cells 1429:1455 calreticulin-negative cells 1429:1455 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 3 41 theme polypeptide-based 503:519 arg1 interaction 521:531 the polypeptide-based interaction 499:531 the polypeptide-based interaction 499:531 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 3 41 theme polypeptide-based 503:519 arg1 controversial 541:553 controversial 541:553 controversial 541:553 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 6 42 theme aggregation 1180:1190 arg1 assay 1204:1208 the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1165:1208 the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1165:1208 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 8 43 theme lectin 1714:1719 arg1 site 1721:1724 its lectin site 1710:1724 its lectin site 1710:1724 In all cases, we observed a profound impairment in calreticulin function when its lectin site was inactivated. 27413183 6 44 theme hydrophobic 1098:1108 arg1 mimetics 1141:1148 substrate mimetics 1131:1148 substrate mimetics 1131:1148 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 6 44 theme hydrophobic 1098:1108 arg1 peptides 1110:1117 several hydrophobic peptides 1090:1117 several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1090:1208 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 4 45 theme hydrophobic 850:860 arg1 patches 870:876 four candidate hydrophobic surface patches 835:876 four candidate hydrophobic surface patches 835:876 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 7 46 theme polypeptide 1350:1360 arg1 binding-deficient 1362:1378 polypeptide binding-deficient 1350:1378 polypeptide binding-deficient 1350:1378 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 47 theme lectin-deficient 1332:1347 arg1 constructs 1415:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs 1332:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells 1332:1455 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 1 48 theme Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 254:268 arg1 oligosaccharides 270:285 Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides 254:285 Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides 254:285 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 9 49 theme binding 1787:1793 arg1 site 1795:1798 the polypeptide binding site 1771:1798 the polypeptide binding site 1771:1798 Remarkably, inactivation of the polypeptide binding site had little impact. 27413183 7 50 theme forms 1552:1556 arg1 interactions 1581:1592 interactions 1581:1592 interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins 1581:1629 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 50 theme forms 1552:1556 arg1 effects 1475:1481 the effects 1471:1481 the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules 1471:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 50 theme forms 1552:1556 arg1 solubility 1531:1540 the solubility 1527:1540 the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin 1527:1574 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 10 51 theme client 1873:1878 arg1 interaction 1880:1890 client interaction 1873:1890 client interaction 1873:1890 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 10 52 theme predominant 1899:1909 arg1 contributor 1911:1921 the predominant contributor 1895:1921 the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum 1895:1997 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 10 52 theme predominant 1899:1909 arg1 mode 1865:1868 the lectin-based mode 1848:1868 the lectin-based mode of client interaction 1848:1890 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 1 53 theme reticulum 178:186 arg1 chaperone 149:157 a lectin chaperone 140:157 a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain 140:321 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 1 53 theme reticulum 178:186 arg1 Calreticulin 124:135 Calreticulin 124:135 Calreticulin 124:135 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 7 54 theme molecules 1516:1524 arg1 biogenesis 1490:1499 the biogenesis 1486:1499 the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules 1486:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 55 from interactions 1289:1300 arg1 cells 1312:1316 living cells 1305:1316 living cells 1305:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 56 theme class 1508:1512 arg1 molecules 1516:1524 MHC class I molecules 1504:1524 MHC class I molecules 1504:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 10 57 theme chaperone 1930:1938 arg1 functions 1940:1948 the chaperone functions 1926:1948 the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum 1926:1997 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 4 58 theme polypeptide 736:746 arg1 site 756:759 the polypeptide binding site 732:759 the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function 732:821 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 10 59 theme endoplasmic 1977:1987 arg1 reticulum 1989:1997 the endoplasmic reticulum 1973:1997 the endoplasmic reticulum 1973:1997 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 6 60 theme several 1090:1096 arg1 mimetics 1141:1148 substrate mimetics 1131:1148 substrate mimetics 1131:1148 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 6 60 theme several 1090:1096 arg1 peptides 1110:1117 several hydrophobic peptides 1090:1117 several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1090:1208 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 6 61 theme suppression 1192:1202 arg1 assay 1204:1208 the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1165:1208 the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1165:1208 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 0 62 theme Calreticulin 61:72 arg1 Lectin 21:26 the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites 17:56 Lectin 21:26 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 0 62 theme Calreticulin 61:72 arg1 Calreticulin 61:72 Calreticulin 61:72 Calreticulin 61:72 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 0 62 theme Calreticulin 61:72 arg1 Sites 52:56 the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites 17:56 Sites 52:56 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 7 63 gly glycoproteins 1617:1629 arg1 glycoproteins 1617:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 3 64 from site 575:578 arg1 calreticulin 583:594 calreticulin 583:594 calreticulin 583:594 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 7 65 theme living 1305:1310 arg1 cells 1312:1316 living cells 1305:1316 living cells 1305:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 66 theme interactions 1289:1300 arg1 contributions 1234:1246 the relative contributions 1221:1246 the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells 1221:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 67 from contributions 1234:1246 arg1 cells 1312:1316 living cells 1305:1316 living cells 1305:1316 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 4 68 theme aggregation 790:800 arg1 function 814:821 the in vitro aggregation suppression function 777:821 the in vitro aggregation suppression function 777:821 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 5 69 from Mutations 879:887 arg1 patch 901:905 only one patch 892:905 only one patch 892:905 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 1 70 gly glycoproteins 226:238 arg1 glycoproteins 226:238 newly synthesized glycoproteins 208:238 newly synthesized glycoproteins 208:238 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 5 71 theme firefly 1036:1042 arg1 luciferase 1044:1053 non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 1019:1053 non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 1019:1053 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 7 72 from effects 1475:1481 arg1 biogenesis 1490:1499 the biogenesis 1486:1499 the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules 1486:1524 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 73 theme calreticulin-negative 1429:1449 arg1 cells 1451:1455 calreticulin-negative cells 1429:1455 calreticulin-negative cells 1429:1455 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 8 74 theme profound 1660:1667 arg1 impairment 1669:1678 a profound impairment 1658:1678 a profound impairment in calreticulin function 1658:1703 In all cases, we observed a profound impairment in calreticulin function when its lectin site was inactivated. 27413183 3 75 theme lectin-oligosaccharide 444:465 arg1 association 467:477 the lectin-oligosaccharide association 440:477 the lectin-oligosaccharide association 440:477 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 0 76 theme Lectin 21:26 arg1 Contributions 0:12 Contributions 0:12 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone 0:89 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 5 77 theme induced 996:1002 arg1 aggregation 1004:1014 the thermally induced aggregation 982:1014 the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase 982:1053 Mutations in only one patch, P19K/I21E and Y22K/F84E, impaired the ability of calreticulin to suppress the thermally induced aggregation of non-glycosylated firefly luciferase. 27413183 4 78 theme in 781:782 arg1 function 814:821 the in vitro aggregation suppression function 777:821 the in vitro aggregation suppression function 777:821 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 3 79 from significance 629:640 arg1 biogenesis 649:658 the biogenesis 645:658 the biogenesis of glycoproteins 645:675 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 3 79 from significance 629:640 arg1 cells 680:684 cells 680:684 cells 680:684 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 7 80 with solubility 1531:1540 arg1 glycoproteins 1617:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 7 81 theme deficient 1392:1400 arg1 constructs 1415:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs 1332:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells 1332:1455 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 4 82 theme surface 862:868 arg1 patches 870:876 four candidate hydrophobic surface patches 835:876 four candidate hydrophobic surface patches 835:876 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 2 83 theme non-glycosylated 404:419 arg1 proteins 421:428 various non-glycosylated proteins 396:428 various non-glycosylated proteins 396:428 In vitro, the latter interaction potently suppresses the aggregation of various non-glycosylated proteins. 27413183 0 84 theme Sites 52:56 arg1 Contributions 0:12 Contributions 0:12 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone 0:89 Contributions of the Lectin and Polypeptide Binding Sites of Calreticulin to Its Chaperone Functions in Vitro and in Cells. 27413183 1 85 theme polypeptide 305:315 arg1 chain 317:321 the polypeptide chain 301:321 the polypeptide chain 301:321 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 7 86 theme binding-deficient 1362:1378 arg1 constructs 1415:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs 1332:1424 lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells 1332:1455 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 27413183 10 87 theme lectin-based 1852:1863 arg1 contributor 1911:1921 the predominant contributor 1895:1921 the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum 1895:1997 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 10 87 theme lectin-based 1852:1863 arg1 mode 1865:1868 the lectin-based mode 1848:1868 the lectin-based mode of client interaction 1848:1890 These findings indicate that the lectin-based mode of client interaction is the predominant contributor to the chaperone functions of calreticulin within the endoplasmic reticulum. 27413183 1 88 theme synthesized 214:224 arg1 glycoproteins 226:238 newly synthesized glycoproteins 208:238 newly synthesized glycoproteins 208:238 Calreticulin is a lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins by binding to Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 oligosaccharides as well as to the polypeptide chain. 27413183 6 89 theme luciferase 1169:1178 arg1 assay 1204:1208 the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1165:1208 the luciferase aggregation suppression assay 1165:1208 These mutants also failed to bind several hydrophobic peptides that act as substrate mimetics and compete in the luciferase aggregation suppression assay. 27413183 4 90 theme candidate 840:848 arg1 patches 870:876 four candidate hydrophobic surface patches 835:876 four candidate hydrophobic surface patches 835:876 In this study, we identified the polypeptide binding site responsible for the in vitro aggregation suppression function by mutating four candidate hydrophobic surface patches. 27413183 3 91 theme binding 567:573 arg1 site 575:578 the binding site 563:578 the binding site on calreticulin 563:594 Although the lectin-oligosaccharide association is well understood, the polypeptide-based interaction is more controversial because the binding site on calreticulin has not been identified, and its significance in the biogenesis of glycoproteins in cells remains unknown. 27413183 7 92 with interactions 1581:1592 arg1 glycoproteins 1617:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 newly synthesized glycoproteins 1599:1629 To assess the relative contributions of the glycan-dependent and -independent interactions in living cells, we expressed lectin-deficient, polypeptide binding-deficient, and doubly deficient calreticulin constructs in calreticulin-negative cells and monitored the effects on the biogenesis of MHC class I molecules, the solubility of mutant forms of α1-antitrypsin, and interactions with newly synthesized glycoproteins. 29025669 8 0 theme wound 1458:1462 arg1 healing 1464:1470 good wound healing 1453:1470 a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis 1451:1497 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 3 1 theme ink 694:696 arg1 concentration 713:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 1 theme ink 694:696 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 1 2 theme marine 149:154 arg1 biomaterials 156:167 two marine biomaterials 145:167 two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) 145:207 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 2 theme marine 149:154 arg1 chitosan 199:206 chitosan 199:206 chitosan 199:206 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 2 theme marine 149:154 arg1 carriers 212:219 carriers 212:219 carriers 212:219 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 2 theme marine 149:154 arg1 polysaccharide 180:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 2 theme marine 149:154 arg1 initiator 248:256 an initiator 245:256 an initiator for coagulation 245:272 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 8 3 dep agent 1472:1476 arg1 protecting 1541:1550 protecting 1541:1550 protecting from wound infection 1541:1571 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 8 3 dep agent 1472:1476 arg1 promoting 1500:1508 promoting 1500:1508 promoting burn/scalded skin healing 1500:1534 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 3 4 theme polysaccharide 698:711 arg1 concentration 713:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 4 theme polysaccharide 698:711 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 7 5 theme wound 1343:1347 arg1 healing 1349:1355 wound healing 1343:1355 wound healing 1343:1355 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 6 6 theme hemocytes 1191:1199 arg1 hemocytes 1191:1199 hemocytes 1191:1199 hemocytes 1191:1199 Furthermore, SIP-CS absorbed a large amount of hemocytes, leading to rapid hemostasis. 29025669 6 6 theme hemocytes 1191:1199 arg1 amount 1181:1186 a large amount 1173:1186 a large amount of hemocytes 1173:1199 Furthermore, SIP-CS absorbed a large amount of hemocytes, leading to rapid hemostasis. 29025669 5 7 theme ear 935:937 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 3 8 theme 15:5:2 799:804 arg1 ratio 790:794 a volume ratio 781:794 a volume ratio of 15:5:2 781:804 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 7 9 theme burn 1423:1426 arg1 cream 1428:1432 commercially available burn cream 1400:1432 commercially available burn cream 1400:1432 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 5 10 theme arterial 939:946 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 7 11 theme healing 1235:1241 arg1 areas 1243:1247 The healing areas 1231:1247 The healing areas 1231:1247 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 2 12 theme comprehensive 339:351 arg1 indices 453:459 evaluation indices 442:459 evaluation indices 442:459 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 12 theme comprehensive 339:351 arg1 evaluation 353:362 comprehensive evaluation 339:362 comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency 339:427 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 13 theme composite 390:398 arg1 sponges 400:406 composite sponges 390:406 composite sponges 390:406 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 7 14 theme Zealand 1296:1302 arg1 rabbits 1304:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 5 15 theme hemostatic 1077:1086 arg1 shorter 1099:1105 shorter 1099:1105 shorter 1099:1105 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 5 15 theme hemostatic 1077:1086 arg1 times 1088:1092 the hemostatic times 1073:1092 the hemostatic times 1073:1092 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 0 16 theme ink 36:38 arg1 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 evaluation 16:25 Preparation and evaluation of squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan as a wound-healing sponge. 29025669 0 16 theme ink 36:38 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and evaluation of squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan as a wound-healing sponge. 29025669 5 17 theme hepatic 949:955 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 8 18 theme burn/scalded 1510:1521 arg1 healing 1528:1534 burn/scalded skin healing 1510:1534 burn/scalded skin healing 1510:1534 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 6 19 theme rapid 1213:1217 arg1 hemostasis 1219:1228 rapid hemostasis 1213:1228 rapid hemostasis 1213:1228 Furthermore, SIP-CS absorbed a large amount of hemocytes, leading to rapid hemostasis. 29025669 8 20 theme skin 1523:1526 arg1 healing 1528:1534 burn/scalded skin healing 1510:1534 burn/scalded skin healing 1510:1534 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 2 21 theme design-response 302:316 arg1 methodology 326:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 4 22 from sticking 831:838 arg1 wound 847:851 the wound 843:851 the wound 843:851 SIP-CS was conducive to sticking on the wound, characterized by the spongy property, strong absorptivity, and tackiness. 29025669 1 23 theme squid 170:174 arg1 biomaterials 156:167 two marine biomaterials 145:167 two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) 145:207 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 23 theme squid 170:174 arg1 polysaccharide 180:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 7 24 theme available 1413:1421 arg1 cream 1428:1432 commercially available burn cream 1400:1432 commercially available burn cream 1400:1432 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 7 25 from areas 1243:1247 arg1 rabbits 1304:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 1 26 theme new 93:95 arg1 type 97:100 A new type 91:100 A new type of wound healing agent 91:123 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 7 27 theme pathological 1259:1270 arg1 sections 1272:1279 wound pathological sections 1253:1279 wound pathological sections 1253:1279 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 1 28 theme ink 176:178 arg1 biomaterials 156:167 two marine biomaterials 145:167 two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) 145:207 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 28 theme ink 176:178 arg1 polysaccharide 180:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 2 29 theme evaluation 442:451 arg1 indices 453:459 evaluation indices 442:459 evaluation indices 442:459 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 29 theme evaluation 442:451 arg1 evaluation 353:362 comprehensive evaluation 339:362 comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency 339:427 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 5 30 theme femoral 962:968 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 2 31 theme sponge 588:593 arg1 performance 535:545 the performance 531:545 the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS) 531:602 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 32 theme central 284:290 arg1 methodology 326:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 33 theme composite 292:300 arg1 methodology 326:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 3 34 theme calcium 739:745 arg1 concentration 756:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 34 theme calcium 739:745 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 2 35 theme polysaccharide-chitosan 564:586 arg1 SIP-CS 596:601 SIP-CS 596:601 SIP-CS 596:601 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 35 theme polysaccharide-chitosan 564:586 arg1 sponge 588:593 the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge 550:593 the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS) 550:602 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 5 36 theme Rabbit 928:933 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 2 37 theme preparation 487:497 arg1 conditions 499:508 the optimized preparation conditions 473:508 the optimized preparation conditions 473:508 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 3 38 theme chloride 747:754 arg1 concentration 756:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 38 theme chloride 747:754 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 2 39 theme ink 560:562 arg1 SIP-CS 596:601 SIP-CS 596:601 SIP-CS 596:601 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 39 theme ink 560:562 arg1 sponge 588:593 the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge 550:593 the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS) 550:602 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 5 40 theme hemorrhage 977:986 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 7 41 theme New 1292:1294 arg1 rabbits 1304:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 7 42 theme wound 1253:1257 arg1 sections 1272:1279 wound pathological sections 1253:1279 wound pathological sections 1253:1279 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 0 43 theme squid 30:34 arg1 ink 36:38 squid ink 30:38 squid ink 30:38 Preparation and evaluation of squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan as a wound-healing sponge. 29025669 5 44 theme bleeding 1115:1122 arg1 smaller 1135:1141 smaller 1135:1141 smaller 1135:1141 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 5 44 theme bleeding 1115:1122 arg1 volume 1124:1129 the bleeding volume 1111:1129 the bleeding volume 1111:1129 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 2 45 theme optimized 477:485 arg1 conditions 499:508 the optimized preparation conditions 473:508 the optimized preparation conditions 473:508 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 5 46 theme absorbable 1053:1062 arg1 gelatin 1064:1070 absorbable gelatin 1053:1070 absorbable gelatin 1053:1070 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 2 47 theme water 412:416 arg1 absorbency 418:427 water absorbency 412:427 water absorbency 412:427 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 3 48 theme chitosan 657:664 arg1 % 732:732 0.55% 728:732 0.55% 728:732 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 48 theme chitosan 657:664 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 48 theme chitosan 657:664 arg1 % 775:775 2.82% 771:775 2.82% 771:775 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 48 theme chitosan 657:664 arg1 concentration 713:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 48 theme chitosan 657:664 arg1 concentration 756:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 48 theme chitosan 657:664 arg1 % 685:685 2.29% 681:685 2.29% 681:685 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 1 49 dep biomaterials 156:167 arg1 biomaterials 156:167 two marine biomaterials 145:167 two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) 145:207 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 49 dep biomaterials 156:167 arg1 chitosan 199:206 chitosan 199:206 chitosan 199:206 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 49 dep biomaterials 156:167 arg1 polysaccharide 180:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 squid ink polysaccharide 170:193 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 1 50 theme wound 105:109 arg1 healing 111:117 wound healing 105:117 wound healing agent 105:123 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 2 51 theme squid 554:558 arg1 SIP-CS 596:601 SIP-CS 596:601 SIP-CS 596:601 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 51 theme squid 554:558 arg1 sponge 588:593 the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge 550:593 the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS) 550:602 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 8 52 theme wound 1557:1561 arg1 infection 1563:1571 wound infection 1557:1571 wound infection 1557:1571 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 4 53 theme strong 892:897 arg1 absorptivity 899:910 strong absorptivity 892:910 strong absorptivity 892:910 SIP-CS was conducive to sticking on the wound, characterized by the spongy property, strong absorptivity, and tackiness. 29025669 3 54 theme optimized 609:617 arg1 formulation 619:629 The optimized formulation 605:629 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS 605:639 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 7 55 from sections 1272:1279 arg1 rabbits 1304:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 1 56 theme healing 111:117 arg1 agent 119:123 wound healing agent 105:123 wound healing agent 105:123 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 5 57 theme artery 970:975 arg1 experiments 988:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments 928:998 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 3 58 from ratio 790:794 arg1 % 732:732 0.55% 728:732 0.55% 728:732 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 58 from ratio 790:794 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 58 from ratio 790:794 arg1 % 775:775 2.82% 771:775 2.82% 771:775 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 58 from ratio 790:794 arg1 concentration 713:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 58 from ratio 790:794 arg1 concentration 756:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 calcium chloride concentration 739:768 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 58 from ratio 790:794 arg1 % 685:685 2.29% 681:685 2.29% 681:685 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 59 theme squid 688:692 arg1 concentration 713:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 squid ink polysaccharide concentration 688:725 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 3 59 theme squid 688:692 arg1 concentration 666:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 chitosan concentration 657:678 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 2 60 used used 434:437 arg2 evaluation 353:362 comprehensive evaluation 339:362 comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency 339:427 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 60 used used 434:437 arg2 indices 453:459 evaluation indices 442:459 evaluation indices 442:459 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 1 61 theme agent 119:123 arg1 type 97:100 A new type 91:100 A new type of wound healing agent 91:123 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 29025669 4 62 theme spongy 875:880 arg1 property 882:889 the spongy property 871:889 the spongy property 871:889 SIP-CS was conducive to sticking on the wound, characterized by the spongy property, strong absorptivity, and tackiness. 29025669 8 63 theme good 1453:1456 arg1 healing 1464:1470 good wound healing 1453:1470 a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis 1451:1497 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 6 64 theme large 1175:1179 arg1 hemocytes 1191:1199 hemocytes 1191:1199 hemocytes 1191:1199 Furthermore, SIP-CS absorbed a large amount of hemocytes, leading to rapid hemostasis. 29025669 6 64 theme large 1175:1179 arg1 amount 1181:1186 a large amount 1173:1186 a large amount of hemocytes 1173:1199 Furthermore, SIP-CS absorbed a large amount of hemocytes, leading to rapid hemostasis. 29025669 2 65 theme surface 318:324 arg1 methodology 326:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 central composite design-response surface methodology 284:336 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 7 66 theme scalded 1284:1290 arg1 rabbits 1304:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 scalded New Zealand rabbits 1284:1310 The healing areas and wound pathological sections in scalded New Zealand rabbits indicated that SIP-CS promoted wound healing more rapidly than chitosan and better than commercially available burn cream. 29025669 0 67 theme wound-healing 69:81 arg1 sponge 83:88 a wound-healing sponge 67:88 a wound-healing sponge 67:88 Preparation and evaluation of squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan as a wound-healing sponge. 29025669 5 68 theme chitosan 1030:1037 arg1 dressings 1039:1047 chitosan dressings 1030:1047 chitosan dressings 1030:1047 Rabbit ear arterial, hepatic, and femoral artery hemorrhage experiments indicated that, compared with chitosan dressings and absorbable gelatin, the hemostatic times were shorter and the bleeding volume was smaller. 29025669 3 69 theme SIP-CS 634:639 arg1 formulation 619:629 The optimized formulation 605:629 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS 605:639 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 2 70 theme quality 378:384 arg1 indices 453:459 evaluation indices 442:459 evaluation indices 442:459 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 2 70 theme quality 378:384 arg1 evaluation 353:362 comprehensive evaluation 339:362 comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency 339:427 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 8 71 theme rapid 1482:1486 arg1 hemostasis 1488:1497 rapid hemostasis 1482:1497 rapid hemostasis 1482:1497 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 8 72 theme healing 1464:1470 arg1 agent 1472:1476 a good wound healing agent 1451:1476 a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis 1451:1497 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 8 72 theme healing 1464:1470 arg1 SIP-CS 1441:1446 SIP-CS 1441:1446 SIP-CS 1441:1446 Thus, SIP-CS is a good wound healing agent for rapid hemostasis, promoting burn/scalded skin healing, and protecting from wound infection. 29025669 3 73 theme volume 783:788 arg1 ratio 790:794 a volume ratio 781:794 a volume ratio of 15:5:2 781:804 The optimized formulation of SIP-CS was as follows: chitosan concentration, 2.29%; squid ink polysaccharide concentration, 0.55%; and calcium chloride concentration, 2.82%, at a volume ratio of 15:5:2. 29025669 2 74 theme appearance 367:376 arg1 quality 378:384 appearance quality 367:384 appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency 367:427 Based on central composite design-response surface methodology, comprehensive evaluation of appearance quality for composite sponges and water absorbency were used as evaluation indices to identify the optimized preparation conditions and further evaluate the performance of the squid ink polysaccharide-chitosan sponge (SIP-CS). 29025669 1 75 theme calcium 225:231 arg1 chloride 233:240 calcium chloride 225:240 calcium chloride 225:240 A new type of wound healing agent was developed using two marine biomaterials (squid ink polysaccharide and chitosan) as carriers and calcium chloride as an initiator for coagulation. 25256465 4 0 theme film 553:556 arg1 analysis 507:514 FTIR analysis 502:514 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 502:556 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 0 1 with crosslinking 30:41 arg1 chitosan 64:71 chitosan 64:71 chitosan for advanced biocomposites 64:98 Acidic ionic liquid catalyzed crosslinking of oxycellulose with chitosan for advanced biocomposites. 25256465 1 2 theme chitosan-crosslinked 168:187 arg1 films 202:206 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 168:206 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 168:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 0 3 theme advanced 77:84 arg1 biocomposites 86:98 advanced biocomposites 77:98 advanced biocomposites 77:98 Acidic ionic liquid catalyzed crosslinking of oxycellulose with chitosan for advanced biocomposites. 25256465 1 4 theme oxycellulose 189:200 arg1 films 202:206 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 168:206 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 168:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 4 5 from groups 659:664 arg1 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 5 6 theme aureus 1019:1024 arg1 bacteria 971:978 the bacteria 967:978 the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 967:1024 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 2 7 theme oxycellulose 359:370 arg1 films 372:376 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 338:376 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 338:376 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 4 8 theme analysis 742:749 arg1 results 727:733 the results 723:733 the results of XPS analysis 723:749 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 6 9 theme membranes 1183:1191 arg1 production 1104:1113 the production 1100:1113 the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes 1100:1191 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 2 10 theme chitosan 291:298 arg1 contents 300:307 chitosan contents 291:307 chitosan contents 291:307 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 6 11 theme water 1167:1171 arg1 membranes 1183:1191 water treatment membranes 1167:1191 water treatment membranes 1167:1191 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 1 12 theme films 202:206 arg1 production 154:163 a novel environmentally friendly production 121:163 a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 121:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 4 13 theme amino 653:657 arg1 groups 659:664 the amino groups 649:664 the amino groups in chitosan 649:676 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 4 14 theme oxycellulose 540:551 arg1 film 553:556 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 519:556 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 519:556 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 5 15 theme developed 842:850 arg1 films 886:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 6 16 theme treatment 1173:1181 arg1 membranes 1183:1191 water treatment membranes 1167:1191 water treatment membranes 1167:1191 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 3 17 theme appropriate 427:437 arg1 dosage 448:453 appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage 427:453 appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage 427:453 The results revealed that appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage and reaction time were 5% and 2h respectively. 25256465 4 18 theme chitosan-crosslinked 519:538 arg1 film 553:556 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 519:556 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 519:556 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 2 19 theme chitosan-crosslinked 338:357 arg1 films 372:376 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 338:376 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 338:376 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 5 20 theme inhibitory 941:950 arg1 effect 952:957 a highly inhibitory effect 932:957 a highly inhibitory effect 932:957 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 3 21 theme SmimHSO4 439:446 arg1 dosage 448:453 appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage 427:453 appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage 427:453 The results revealed that appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage and reaction time were 5% and 2h respectively. 25256465 1 22 theme ionic 217:221 arg1 SmimHSO4 243:250 SmimHSO4 243:250 SmimHSO4 243:250 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 1 22 theme ionic 217:221 arg1 AmimCl 232:237 AmimCl 232:237 AmimCl 232:237 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 1 22 theme ionic 217:221 arg1 liquids 223:229 ionic liquids 217:229 ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4) 217:251 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 5 23 theme smooth 898:903 arg1 structure 917:925 a smooth and compact structure 896:925 a smooth and compact structure 896:925 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 1 24 link chitosan-crosslinked 168:187 arg1 films 202:206 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 168:206 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 168:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 2 25 from effect 258:263 arg1 contents 300:307 chitosan contents 291:307 chitosan contents 291:307 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 2 25 from effect 258:263 arg1 properties 324:333 mechanical properties 313:333 mechanical properties 313:333 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 5 26 theme compact 909:915 arg1 structure 917:925 a smooth and compact structure 896:925 a smooth and compact structure 896:925 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 2 27 theme mechanical 313:322 arg1 properties 324:333 mechanical properties 313:333 mechanical properties 313:333 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 4 28 from groups 695:700 arg1 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 chitosan 669:676 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 4 29 theme aldehyde 686:693 arg1 groups 695:700 the aldehyde groups 682:700 the aldehyde groups 682:700 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 3 30 theme reaction 459:466 arg1 time 468:471 reaction time 459:471 reaction time 459:471 The results revealed that appropriate SmimHSO4 dosage and reaction time were 5% and 2h respectively. 25256465 5 31 theme coli 995:998 arg1 bacteria 971:978 the bacteria 967:978 the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus 967:1024 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 5 32 theme chitosan-crosslinked 852:871 arg1 films 886:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 6 33 theme developed 1031:1039 arg1 materials 1041:1049 materials 1041:1049 materials 1041:1049 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 4 34 theme FTIR 502:505 arg1 analysis 507:514 FTIR analysis 502:514 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 502:556 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 6 35 theme biomedical 1144:1153 arg1 products 1155:1162 various antimicrobial and biomedical products 1118:1162 various antimicrobial and biomedical products 1118:1162 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 5 36 theme SEM 812:814 arg1 images 816:821 SEM images 812:821 SEM images 812:821 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 5 37 theme oxycellulose 873:884 arg1 films 886:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 4 38 link chitosan-crosslinked 519:538 arg1 film 553:556 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 519:556 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film 519:556 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 5 39 contain had 892:894 arg1 films 886:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 5 39 contain had 892:894 arg2 structure 917:925 a smooth and compact structure 896:925 a smooth and compact structure 896:925 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 0 40 theme oxycellulose 46:57 arg1 crosslinking 30:41 crosslinking 30:41 crosslinking of oxycellulose with chitosan for advanced biocomposites 30:98 Acidic ionic liquid catalyzed crosslinking of oxycellulose with chitosan for advanced biocomposites. 25256465 2 41 link chitosan-crosslinked 338:357 arg1 films 372:376 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 338:376 chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 338:376 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 5 42 link chitosan-crosslinked 852:871 arg1 films 886:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 838:890 SEM images suggested that the developed chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films had a smooth and compact structure, and a highly inhibitory effect against the bacteria of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. 25256465 1 43 theme novel 123:127 arg1 production 154:163 a novel environmentally friendly production 121:163 a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 121:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 2 44 theme parameters 277:286 arg1 effect 258:263 The effect 254:263 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 254:376 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 1 45 theme environmentally 129:143 arg1 production 154:163 a novel environmentally friendly production 121:163 a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 121:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 6 46 theme various 1118:1124 arg1 products 1155:1162 various antimicrobial and biomedical products 1118:1162 various antimicrobial and biomedical products 1118:1162 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 2 47 theme reaction 268:275 arg1 parameters 277:286 reaction parameters 268:286 reaction parameters 268:286 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 1 48 theme friendly 145:152 arg1 production 154:163 a novel environmentally friendly production 121:163 a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films 121:206 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 2 49 theme films 372:376 arg1 contents 300:307 chitosan contents 291:307 chitosan contents 291:307 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 2 49 theme films 372:376 arg1 properties 324:333 mechanical properties 313:333 mechanical properties 313:333 The effect of reaction parameters on chitosan contents and mechanical properties of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films was also investigated. 25256465 6 50 theme antimicrobial 1126:1138 arg1 products 1155:1162 various antimicrobial and biomedical products 1118:1162 various antimicrobial and biomedical products 1118:1162 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 1 51 dep liquids 223:229 arg1 SmimHSO4 243:250 SmimHSO4 243:250 SmimHSO4 243:250 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 1 51 dep liquids 223:229 arg1 AmimCl 232:237 AmimCl 232:237 AmimCl 232:237 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 1 51 dep liquids 223:229 arg1 liquids 223:229 ionic liquids 217:229 ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4) 217:251 This paper presents a novel environmentally friendly production of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose films by using ionic liquids (AmimCl and SmimHSO4). 25256465 6 52 theme products 1155:1162 arg1 production 1104:1113 the production 1100:1113 the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes 1100:1191 The developed materials and technologies could be further formulated for the production of various antimicrobial and biomedical products or water treatment membranes. 25256465 4 53 theme XPS 738:740 arg1 analysis 742:749 XPS analysis 738:749 XPS analysis 738:749 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 25256465 4 54 from reaction 632:639 arg1 oxycellulose 705:716 oxycellulose 705:716 oxycellulose 705:716 FTIR analysis of chitosan-crosslinked oxycellulose film suggested that the chitosan was crosslinked with oxycellulose through the reaction between the amino groups in chitosan and the aldehyde groups in oxycellulose, and the results of XPS analysis further confirmed the reaction between both polysaccharides. 27790410 5 0 theme bacterial 767:775 arg1 aggregation 777:787 increased bacterial aggregation 757:787 increased bacterial aggregation 757:787 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 3 1 contain contain 508:514 arg2 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 1 contain contain 508:514 arg2 protein 573:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein 548:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB 548:584 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 1 contain contain 508:514 arg1 genomes 500:506 All GAS genomes 492:506 All GAS genomes 492:506 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 1 contain contain 508:514 arg2 SpyA 639:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 1 2 theme A 134:134 arg1 Streptococcus 136:148 Group A Streptococcus 128:148 Group A Streptococcus 128:148 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 7 3 theme protoporphyrin 1098:1111 arg1 IX 1113:1114 protoporphyrin IX 1098:1114 protoporphyrin IX 1098:1114 Furthermore, we found that SpyB associates with heme and protoporphyrin IX. 27790410 2 4 theme cell 322:325 arg1 wall 327:330 The cell wall 318:330 The cell wall of GAS 318:337 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 6 5 theme wild-type 1023:1031 arg1 strain 1033:1038 the wild-type strain 1019:1038 the wild-type strain 1019:1038 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 0 6 theme Wall 72:75 arg1 Composition 48:58 the Composition 44:58 the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes 44:101 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 6 7 theme wall 926:929 arg1 analysis 909:916 Glycosyl composition analysis 888:916 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant 888:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 3 8 theme spyBA 520:524 arg1 protein 573:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein 548:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB 548:584 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 8 theme spyBA 520:524 arg1 SpyA 639:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 8 theme spyBA 520:524 arg1 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 1 9 theme infections 222:231 arg1 infections 222:231 infections 222:231 infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 222:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 9 theme infections 222:231 arg1 variety 211:217 a wide variety 204:217 a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 204:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 0 10 theme Cell 67:70 arg1 Wall 72:75 the Cell Wall 63:75 the Cell Wall 63:75 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 6 11 theme cell 921:924 arg1 wall 926:929 cell wall 921:929 cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant 921:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 4 12 theme SpyB 689:692 arg1 function 677:684 the function 673:684 the function of SpyB in GAS 673:699 In this study, we addressed the function of SpyB in GAS. 27790410 1 13 dep pyogenes 118:125 arg1 GAS 153:155 GAS 153:155 GAS 153:155 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 13 dep pyogenes 118:125 arg1 Streptococcus 136:148 Group A Streptococcus 128:148 Group A Streptococcus 128:148 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 4 14 from function 677:684 arg1 GAS 697:699 GAS 697:699 GAS 697:699 In this study, we addressed the function of SpyB in GAS. 27790410 5 15 theme hydrolase 872:880 arg1 PlyC 882:885 the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC 830:885 PlyC 882:885 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 0 16 theme Streptococcus 80:92 arg1 pyogenes 94:101 Streptococcus pyogenes 80:101 Streptococcus pyogenes 80:101 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 5 17 theme class 848:852 arg1 β-lactams 817:825 β-lactams 817:825 β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC 817:885 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 2 18 theme sacculus 365:372 arg1 peptidoglycan 351:363 peptidoglycan sacculus 351:372 peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 351:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 5 19 theme mutant 741:746 arg1 analysis 713:720 Phenotypic analysis 702:720 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant 702:746 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 5 20 theme deletion 732:739 arg1 mutant 741:746 a spyB deletion mutant 725:746 a spyB deletion mutant 725:746 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 3 21 dep protein 573:579 arg1 SpyB 581:584 SpyB 581:584 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB 548:584 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 6 22 theme composition 897:907 arg1 analysis 909:916 Glycosyl composition analysis 888:916 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant 888:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 2 23 theme polyrhamnose 417:428 arg1 backbone 430:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone 389:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 389:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 6 24 theme spyB 949:952 arg1 mutant 954:959 the spyB mutant 945:959 the spyB mutant 945:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 8 25 theme bond 1182:1185 arg1 formation 1187:1195 disulfide bond formation 1172:1195 disulfide bond formation between the subunits 1172:1216 Heme binding induces SpyB dimerization, which involves disulfide bond formation between the subunits. 27790410 0 26 theme Small 8:12 arg1 Protein 27:33 a Small Heme-Binding Protein 6:33 a Small Heme-Binding Protein 6:33 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 0 26 theme Small 8:12 arg1 SpyB 0:3 SpyB 0:3 SpyB 0:3 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 1 27 theme minor 246:250 arg1 skin 252:255 minor skin 246:255 minor skin 246:255 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 3 28 theme 35-amino-acid 550:562 arg1 protein 573:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein 548:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB 548:584 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 28 theme 35-amino-acid 550:562 arg1 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 2 29 theme carbohydrate 391:402 arg1 backbone 430:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone 389:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 389:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 2 30 theme comprising 404:413 arg1 backbone 430:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone 389:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 389:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 6 31 theme carbohydrate 982:993 arg1 structure 995:1003 an altered carbohydrate structure 971:1003 an altered carbohydrate structure 971:1003 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 5 32 theme Phenotypic 702:711 arg1 analysis 713:720 Phenotypic analysis 702:720 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant 702:746 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 6 33 theme Glycosyl 888:895 arg1 analysis 909:916 Glycosyl composition analysis 888:916 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant 888:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 3 34 theme membrane 564:571 arg1 protein 573:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein 548:579 a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB 548:584 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 34 theme membrane 564:571 arg1 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 8 35 theme disulfide 1172:1180 arg1 formation 1187:1195 disulfide bond formation 1172:1195 disulfide bond formation between the subunits 1172:1216 Heme binding induces SpyB dimerization, which involves disulfide bond formation between the subunits. 27790410 1 36 theme hemolytic 163:171 arg1 pyogenes 118:125 Streptococcus pyogenes 104:125 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) 104:156 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 36 theme hemolytic 163:171 arg1 pathogen 179:186 a hemolytic human pathogen 161:186 a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 161:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 6 37 theme altered 974:980 arg1 structure 995:1003 an altered carbohydrate structure 971:1003 an altered carbohydrate structure 971:1003 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 9 38 theme SpyB 1263:1266 arg1 activity 1268:1275 SpyB activity 1263:1275 SpyB activity 1263:1275 Thus, our data suggest the possibility that SpyB activity is regulated by heme. 27790410 1 39 theme human 173:177 arg1 pyogenes 118:125 Streptococcus pyogenes 104:125 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) 104:156 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 39 theme human 173:177 arg1 pathogen 179:186 a hemolytic human pathogen 161:186 a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 161:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 0 40 theme Heme-Binding 14:25 arg1 Protein 27:33 a Small Heme-Binding Protein 6:33 a Small Heme-Binding Protein 6:33 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 0 40 theme Heme-Binding 14:25 arg1 SpyB 0:3 SpyB 0:3 SpyB 0:3 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 1 41 theme throat 261:266 arg1 infections 268:277 throat infections 261:277 throat infections 261:277 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 2 42 theme N-acetylglucosamine 459:477 arg1 side-chains 479:489 immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 444:489 immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 444:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 0 43 from Composition 48:58 arg1 pyogenes 94:101 Streptococcus pyogenes 80:101 Streptococcus pyogenes 80:101 SpyB, a Small Heme-Binding Protein, Affects the Composition of the Cell Wall in Streptococcus pyogenes. 27790410 2 44 theme a 415:415 arg1 backbone 430:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone 389:437 a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 389:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 5 45 theme peptidoglycan 858:870 arg1 PlyC 882:885 the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC 830:885 PlyC 882:885 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 2 46 theme immunodominant 444:457 arg1 side-chains 479:489 immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 444:489 immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 444:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 8 47 theme SpyB 1138:1141 arg1 dimerization 1143:1154 SpyB dimerization 1138:1154 SpyB dimerization 1138:1154 Heme binding induces SpyB dimerization, which involves disulfide bond formation between the subunits. 27790410 3 48 theme GAS 496:498 arg1 genomes 500:506 All GAS genomes 492:506 All GAS genomes 492:506 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 8 49 theme Heme 1117:1120 arg1 binding 1122:1128 Heme binding 1117:1128 Heme binding 1117:1128 Heme binding induces SpyB dimerization, which involves disulfide bond formation between the subunits. 27790410 2 50 with backbone 430:437 arg1 side-chains 479:489 immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 444:489 immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains 444:489 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 1 51 theme life-threatening 282:297 arg1 diseases 308:315 life-threatening invasive diseases 282:315 life-threatening invasive diseases 282:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 3 52 theme membrane-bound 593:606 arg1 SpyA 639:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 52 theme membrane-bound 593:606 arg1 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 1 53 theme Streptococcus 104:116 arg1 pyogenes 118:125 Streptococcus pyogenes 104:125 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) 104:156 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 53 theme Streptococcus 104:116 arg1 pathogen 179:186 a hemolytic human pathogen 161:186 a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 161:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 5 54 theme spyB 727:730 arg1 mutant 741:746 a spyB deletion mutant 725:746 a spyB deletion mutant 725:746 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 6 55 attach isolated 931:938 arg2 wall 926:929 cell wall 921:929 cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant 921:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 6 55 attach isolated 931:938 arg1 mutant 954:959 the spyB mutant 945:959 the spyB mutant 945:959 Glycosyl composition analysis of cell wall isolated from the spyB mutant suggested an altered carbohydrate structure compared with the wild-type strain. 27790410 3 56 theme C3-like 608:614 arg1 SpyA 639:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 56 theme C3-like 608:614 arg1 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 5 57 theme cephalosporin 834:846 arg1 class 848:852 the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC 830:885 class 848:852 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 2 58 theme GAS 335:337 arg1 wall 327:330 The cell wall 318:330 The cell wall of GAS 318:337 The cell wall of GAS consists of peptidoglycan sacculus decorated with a carbohydrate comprising a polyrhamnose backbone with immunodominant N-acetylglucosamine side-chains. 27790410 5 59 theme PlyC 882:885 arg1 β-lactams 817:825 β-lactams 817:825 β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC 817:885 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 5 60 theme increased 757:765 arg1 aggregation 777:787 increased bacterial aggregation 757:787 increased bacterial aggregation 757:787 Phenotypic analysis of a spyB deletion mutant revealed increased bacterial aggregation, and reduced sensitivity to β-lactams of the cephalosporin class and peptidoglycan hydrolase PlyC. 27790410 1 61 theme invasive 299:306 arg1 diseases 308:315 life-threatening invasive diseases 282:315 life-threatening invasive diseases 282:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 3 62 theme ADP-ribosyltransferase 616:637 arg1 SpyA 639:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA 591:642 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 3 62 theme ADP-ribosyltransferase 616:637 arg1 operon 526:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 the spyBA operon 516:531 All GAS genomes contain the spyBA operon, which encodes a 35-amino-acid membrane protein SpyB, and a membrane-bound C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase SpyA. 27790410 1 63 theme Group 128:132 arg1 Streptococcus 136:148 Group A Streptococcus 128:148 Group A Streptococcus 128:148 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 64 theme wide 206:209 arg1 infections 222:231 infections 222:231 infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 222:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27790410 1 64 theme wide 206:209 arg1 variety 211:217 a wide variety 204:217 a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases 204:315 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus or GAS) is a hemolytic human pathogen associated with a wide variety of infections ranging from minor skin and throat infections to life-threatening invasive diseases. 27920204 9 0 theme disulfide 1306:1314 arg1 bridge 1316:1321 a disulfide bridge 1304:1321 a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides 1304:1355 Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. 27920204 5 1 theme new 637:639 arg1 antibodies 656:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies 632:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F 632:730 We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. 27920204 5 2 theme rat 641:643 arg1 antibodies 656:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies 632:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F 632:730 We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. 27920204 6 3 theme flow 867:870 arg1 cytometry 872:880 flow cytometry 867:880 flow cytometry 867:880 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 0 4 theme Binding 78:84 arg1 Properties 86:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 5 from Studies 0:6 arg1 Expression 26:35 Expression 26:35 Expression 26:35 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 5 from Studies 0:6 arg1 Detection 15:23 Detection 15:23 Detection 15:23 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 5 from Studies 0:6 arg1 Properties 86:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 5 from Studies 0:6 arg1 Dimerization 53:64 Dimerization 53:64 Dimerization 53:64 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 5 from Studies 0:6 arg1 Glycosylation 38:50 Glycosylation 38:50 Glycosylation 38:50 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 5 6 theme monoclonal 645:654 arg1 antibodies 656:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies 632:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F 632:730 We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. 27920204 11 7 theme complex 1544:1550 arg1 effects 1552:1558 complex effects 1544:1558 complex effects 1544:1558 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 0 8 theme Ligand 71:76 arg1 Properties 86:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 6 9 theme spleen 889:894 arg1 sections 896:903 spleen sections 889:903 spleen sections 889:903 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 10 10 theme Cys-298 1373:1379 arg1 Mutagenesis 1358:1368 Mutagenesis 1358:1368 Mutagenesis of Cys-298 1358:1379 Mutagenesis of Cys-298 confirmed its role in dimerization. 27920204 9 11 theme Homology-based 1210:1223 arg1 modeling 1236:1243 Homology-based structural modeling 1210:1243 Homology-based structural modeling 1210:1243 Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. 27920204 13 12 link disulfide-linked 1850:1865 arg1 dimers 1867:1872 disulfide-linked dimers 1850:1872 disulfide-linked dimers 1850:1872 Phylogenomic analyses predicted that only some human and mouse Siglecs form disulfide-linked dimers. 27920204 7 13 dep dependent 1014:1022 arg1 recognized 963:972 recognized 963:972 recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots 963:999 Moreover, whereas all antibodies recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots, binding was dependent on intact disulfide bonds and N-glycans, and only two antibodies recognized native Siglec-E within spleen lysates. 27920204 14 14 theme equivalent 1911:1920 arg1 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer. 27920204 14 14 theme equivalent 1911:1920 arg1 paralog 1928:1934 the functionally equivalent human paralog 1894:1934 the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E 1894:1946 Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer. 27920204 8 15 theme Siglec-E 1183:1190 arg1 homodimerization 1192:1207 Siglec-E homodimerization 1183:1207 Siglec-E homodimerization 1183:1207 Thus, we further investigated the impact of Siglec-E homodimerization. 27920204 9 16 theme Siglec-E 1335:1342 arg1 polypeptides 1344:1355 two Siglec-E polypeptides 1331:1355 two Siglec-E polypeptides 1331:1355 Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. 27920204 9 17 theme structural 1225:1234 arg1 modeling 1236:1243 Homology-based structural modeling 1210:1243 Homology-based structural modeling 1210:1243 Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. 27920204 11 18 dep structures 1622:1631 arg1 relationship 1591:1602 relationship 1591:1602 relationship 1591:1602 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 11 19 theme high 1437:1440 arg1 level 1442:1446 the high level 1433:1446 the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice 1433:1479 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 6 20 theme HEK-293T 796:803 arg1 cells 805:809 transfected human HEK-293T cells 778:809 transfected human HEK-293T cells 778:809 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 11 21 theme 9-O-acetylation 1451:1465 arg1 level 1442:1446 the high level 1433:1446 the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice 1433:1479 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 1 22 theme proteins 153:160 arg1 Siglecs 129:135 CD33-related Siglecs 116:135 CD33-related Siglecs 116:135 CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. 27920204 1 22 theme proteins 153:160 arg1 family 143:148 a family 141:148 a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells 141:200 CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. 27920204 6 23 theme human 790:794 arg1 cells 805:809 transfected human HEK-293T cells 778:809 transfected human HEK-293T cells 778:809 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 5 24 with specific 667:674 arg1 cross-reactivity 703:718 no cross-reactivity 700:718 no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F 700:730 We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. 27920204 8 25 theme homodimerization 1192:1207 arg1 impact 1173:1178 the impact 1169:1178 the impact of Siglec-E homodimerization 1169:1207 Thus, we further investigated the impact of Siglec-E homodimerization. 27920204 7 26 theme native 1100:1105 arg1 Siglec-E 1107:1114 native Siglec-E 1100:1114 native Siglec-E within spleen lysates 1100:1136 Moreover, whereas all antibodies recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots, binding was dependent on intact disulfide bonds and N-glycans, and only two antibodies recognized native Siglec-E within spleen lysates. 27920204 6 27 theme transfected 778:788 arg1 cells 805:809 transfected human HEK-293T cells 778:809 transfected human HEK-293T cells 778:809 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 11 28 theme array 1494:1498 arg1 studies 1500:1506 sialoglycan array studies 1482:1506 sialoglycan array studies 1482:1506 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 13 29 theme human 1821:1825 arg1 Siglecs 1837:1843 only some human and mouse Siglecs 1811:1843 only some human and mouse Siglecs 1811:1843 Phylogenomic analyses predicted that only some human and mouse Siglecs form disulfide-linked dimers. 27920204 4 30 dep structure 476:484 arg1 the 472:474 the 472:474 the 472:474 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 0 31 theme Siglec-E 106:113 arg1 Expression 26:35 Expression 26:35 Expression 26:35 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 31 theme Siglec-E 106:113 arg1 Detection 15:23 Detection 15:23 Detection 15:23 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 31 theme Siglec-E 106:113 arg1 Properties 86:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Ligand Binding Properties 71:95 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 31 theme Siglec-E 106:113 arg1 Dimerization 53:64 Dimerization 53:64 Dimerization 53:64 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 31 theme Siglec-E 106:113 arg1 Glycosylation 38:50 Glycosylation 38:50 Glycosylation 38:50 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 9 32 theme cysteine 1257:1264 arg1 Cys-298 1275:1281 Cys-298 1275:1281 Cys-298 1275:1281 Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. 27920204 9 32 theme cysteine 1257:1264 arg1 residue 1266:1272 a cysteine residue 1255:1272 a cysteine residue (Cys-298) 1255:1282 Homology-based structural modeling predicted a cysteine residue (Cys-298) in position to form a disulfide bridge between two Siglec-E polypeptides. 27920204 10 33 from role 1395:1398 arg1 dimerization 1403:1414 dimerization 1403:1414 dimerization 1403:1414 Mutagenesis of Cys-298 confirmed its role in dimerization. 27920204 0 34 theme Mouse 100:104 arg1 Siglec-E 106:113 Mouse Siglec-E 100:113 Mouse Siglec-E 100:113 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 4 35 theme new 451:453 arg1 data 455:458 new data 451:458 new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells 451:616 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 12 36 from differences 1655:1665 arg1 phosphorylation 1670:1684 phosphorylation 1670:1684 phosphorylation 1670:1684 However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. 27920204 12 36 from differences 1655:1665 arg1 recruitment 1695:1705 SHP-1 recruitment 1689:1705 SHP-1 recruitment 1689:1705 However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. 27920204 1 37 theme innate 182:187 arg1 cells 196:200 innate immune cells 182:200 innate immune cells 182:200 CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. 27920204 13 38 theme Phylogenomic 1774:1785 arg1 analyses 1787:1794 Phylogenomic analyses 1774:1794 Phylogenomic analyses 1774:1794 Phylogenomic analyses predicted that only some human and mouse Siglecs form disulfide-linked dimers. 27920204 4 39 theme mouse 555:559 arg1 neutrophils 561:571 mouse neutrophils 555:571 mouse neutrophils 555:571 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 11 40 contain has 1540:1542 arg1 modification 1527:1538 this modification 1522:1538 this modification 1522:1538 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 11 40 contain has 1540:1542 arg2 effects 1552:1558 complex effects 1544:1558 complex effects 1544:1558 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 2 41 theme sialylated 214:223 arg1 glycans 225:231 sialylated glycans 214:231 sialylated glycans 214:231 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands triggers signals that inhibit or activate inflammation. 27920204 11 42 theme sialoglycan 1482:1492 arg1 studies 1500:1506 sialoglycan array studies 1482:1506 sialoglycan array studies 1482:1506 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 1 43 theme immune 189:194 arg1 cells 196:200 innate immune cells 182:200 innate immune cells 182:200 CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. 27920204 2 44 gly sialylated 214:223 arg1 glycans 225:231 sialylated glycans 214:231 sialylated glycans 214:231 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands triggers signals that inhibit or activate inflammation. 27920204 4 45 theme major 516:520 arg1 Siglec 535:540 the major CD33-related Siglec 512:540 the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells 512:616 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 4 45 theme major 516:520 arg1 Siglec-E 502:509 Siglec-E 502:509 Siglec-E 502:509 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 12 46 theme SHP-1 1689:1693 arg1 recruitment 1695:1705 SHP-1 recruitment 1689:1705 SHP-1 recruitment 1689:1705 However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. 27920204 7 47 theme intact 1027:1032 arg1 bonds 1044:1048 intact disulfide bonds 1027:1048 intact disulfide bonds 1027:1048 Moreover, whereas all antibodies recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots, binding was dependent on intact disulfide bonds and N-glycans, and only two antibodies recognized native Siglec-E within spleen lysates. 27920204 13 48 theme disulfide-linked 1850:1865 arg1 dimers 1867:1872 disulfide-linked dimers 1850:1872 disulfide-linked dimers 1850:1872 Phylogenomic analyses predicted that only some human and mouse Siglecs form disulfide-linked dimers. 27920204 13 49 theme mouse 1831:1835 arg1 Siglecs 1837:1843 only some human and mouse Siglecs 1811:1843 only some human and mouse Siglecs 1811:1843 Phylogenomic analyses predicted that only some human and mouse Siglecs form disulfide-linked dimers. 27920204 5 50 theme specific 667:674 arg1 antibodies 656:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies 632:665 nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F 632:730 We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. 27920204 6 51 theme marrow 845:850 arg1 neutrophils 852:862 mouse bone marrow neutrophils 834:862 mouse bone marrow neutrophils 834:862 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 7 52 theme disulfide 1034:1042 arg1 bonds 1044:1048 intact disulfide bonds 1027:1048 intact disulfide bonds 1027:1048 Moreover, whereas all antibodies recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots, binding was dependent on intact disulfide bonds and N-glycans, and only two antibodies recognized native Siglec-E within spleen lysates. 27920204 4 53 theme Siglec-E 502:509 arg1 structure 476:484 structure 476:484 structure 476:484 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 4 53 theme Siglec-E 502:509 arg1 function 490:497 function 490:497 function 490:497 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 6 54 theme bone 840:843 arg1 marrow 845:850 mouse bone marrow 834:850 mouse bone marrow neutrophils 834:862 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 6 55 theme mouse 834:838 arg1 marrow 845:850 mouse bone marrow 834:850 mouse bone marrow neutrophils 834:862 Although all antibodies detected Siglec-E on transfected human HEK-293T cells, only two reacted with mouse bone marrow neutrophils by flow cytometry and on spleen sections by immunohistochemistry. 27920204 11 56 theme underlying 1611:1620 arg1 structures 1622:1631 the underlying structures 1607:1631 the underlying structures 1607:1631 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 7 57 theme spleen 1123:1128 arg1 lysates 1130:1136 spleen lysates 1123:1136 spleen lysates 1123:1136 Moreover, whereas all antibodies recognized Siglec-E-Fc on immunoblots, binding was dependent on intact disulfide bonds and N-glycans, and only two antibodies recognized native Siglec-E within spleen lysates. 27920204 12 58 theme HEK293A 1759:1765 arg1 cells 1767:1771 HEK293A cells 1759:1771 HEK293A cells 1759:1771 However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. 27920204 4 59 theme CD33-related 522:533 arg1 Siglec 535:540 the major CD33-related Siglec 512:540 the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells 512:616 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 4 59 theme CD33-related 522:533 arg1 Siglec-E 502:509 Siglec-E 502:509 Siglec-E 502:509 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 27920204 5 60 theme mouse 679:683 arg1 Siglec-E 685:692 mouse Siglec-E 679:692 mouse Siglec-E 679:692 We generated nine new rat monoclonal antibodies specific to mouse Siglec-E, with no cross-reactivity to Siglec-F. 27920204 2 61 theme ligands 242:248 arg1 Binding 203:209 Binding 203:209 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands 203:248 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands triggers signals that inhibit or activate inflammation. 27920204 0 62 dep Detection 15:23 arg1 the 11:13 the 11:13 the 11:13 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 0 63 gly Glycosylation 38:50 arg1 Siglec-E 106:113 Mouse Siglec-E 100:113 Mouse Siglec-E 100:113 Studies on the Detection, Expression, Glycosylation, Dimerization, and Ligand Binding Properties of Mouse Siglec-E. 27920204 14 64 theme human 1922:1926 arg1 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer. 27920204 14 64 theme human 1922:1926 arg1 paralog 1928:1934 the functionally equivalent human paralog 1894:1934 the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E 1894:1946 Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer. 27920204 11 65 located found 1467:1471 arg2 level 1442:1446 the high level 1433:1446 the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice 1433:1479 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 11 65 located found 1467:1471 arg1 mice 1476:1479 mice 1476:1479 mice 1476:1479 In keeping with the high level of 9-O-acetylation found in mice, sialoglycan array studies indicate that this modification has complex effects on recognition by Siglec-E, in relationship to the underlying structures. 27920204 2 66 theme other 236:240 arg1 ligands 242:248 other ligands 236:248 other ligands 236:248 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands triggers signals that inhibit or activate inflammation. 27920204 1 67 theme CD33-related 116:127 arg1 Siglecs 129:135 CD33-related Siglecs 116:135 CD33-related Siglecs 116:135 CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. 27920204 1 67 theme CD33-related 116:127 arg1 family 143:148 a family 141:148 a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells 141:200 CD33-related Siglecs are a family of proteins widely expressed on innate immune cells. 27920204 12 68 theme dimeric 1715:1721 arg1 Siglec-E 1737:1744 dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E 1715:1744 dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells 1715:1771 However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. 27920204 14 69 theme Siglec-E 1939:1946 arg1 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Siglec-9 1884:1891 Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer. 27920204 14 69 theme Siglec-E 1939:1946 arg1 paralog 1928:1934 the functionally equivalent human paralog 1894:1934 the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E 1894:1946 Notably, Siglec-9, the functionally equivalent human paralog of Siglec-E, occurs as a monomer. 27920204 2 70 theme glycans 225:231 arg1 Binding 203:209 Binding 203:209 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands 203:248 Binding of sialylated glycans or other ligands triggers signals that inhibit or activate inflammation. 27920204 12 71 theme monomeric 1727:1735 arg1 Siglec-E 1737:1744 dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E 1715:1744 dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells 1715:1771 However, we found no differences in phosphorylation or SHP-1 recruitment between dimeric and monomeric Siglec-E expressed on HEK293A cells. 27920204 4 72 theme dendritic 602:610 arg1 cells 612:616 dendritic cells 602:616 dendritic cells 602:616 Here we present new data relating to the structure and function of Siglec-E, the major CD33-related Siglec expressed on mouse neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 25129760 5 0 from mannose 933:939 arg1 ratio 972:976 a molar ratio 964:976 a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 964:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 4 1 theme methylation 770:780 arg1 GC-MS 792:796 GC-MS 792:796 GC-MS 792:796 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 4 1 theme methylation 770:780 arg1 analysis 782:789 methylation analysis 770:789 methylation analysis (GC-MS) 770:797 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 3 2 dep Mw 576:577 arg1 number-average 603:616 number-average 603:616 number-average 603:616 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 0 3 theme Pseudomonas 80:90 arg1 AS22 101:104 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22 80:104 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22 80:104 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 5 4 theme molar 966:970 arg1 ratio 972:976 a molar ratio 964:976 a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 964:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 4 5 theme EPS22 661:665 arg1 data 648:651 Structural data 637:651 Structural data of this EPS22 637:665 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 3 6 theme ± 628:628 arg1 Mw/Mn 569:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn 546:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015 546:634 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 6 theme ± 628:628 arg1 mass 520:523 an average molecular mass 499:523 an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da 499:540 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 6 theme ± 628:628 arg1 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 6 theme ± 628:628 arg1 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 6 theme ± 628:628 arg1 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 5 7 theme complex 854:860 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 862:881 a complex heteropolysaccharide 852:881 a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 852:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 5 7 theme complex 854:860 arg1 EPS22 830:834 EPS22 830:834 EPS22 830:834 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 3 8 theme average 502:508 arg1 mass 520:523 an average molecular mass 499:523 an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da 499:540 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 1 9 contain containing 154:163 arg2 starch 165:170 starch 165:170 starch 165:170 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 1 9 contain containing 154:163 arg1 media 148:152 media 148:152 media containing starch and yeast extract 148:188 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 1 9 contain containing 154:163 arg2 extract 182:188 yeast extract 176:188 yeast extract 176:188 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 3 10 theme molecular 387:395 arg1 mass 397:400 The average molecular mass 375:400 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 375:413 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 6 11 theme pyruvyl 1124:1130 arg1 groups 1132:1137 a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1102:1137 a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1102:1137 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 1 12 theme yeast 176:180 arg1 extract 182:188 yeast extract 176:188 yeast extract 176:188 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 3 13 theme 1.197 622:626 arg1 ± 628:628 1.197 ± 0.015 622:634 1.197 ± 0.015 622:634 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 4 14 theme Structural 637:646 arg1 data 648:651 Structural data 637:651 Structural data of this EPS22 637:665 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 5 15 theme 1:1.1:0.7 981:989 arg1 ratio 972:976 a molar ratio 964:976 a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 964:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 0 16 dep Pseudomonas 80:90 arg1 stutzeri 92:99 stutzeri 92:99 stutzeri 92:99 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 5 17 from glucose 924:930 arg1 ratio 972:976 a molar ratio 964:976 a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 964:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 3 18 theme average 379:385 arg1 mass 397:400 The average molecular mass 375:400 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 375:413 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 1 19 theme Pseudomonas 107:117 arg1 AS22 128:131 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22 107:131 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22 107:131 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 6 20 theme acetyl 1112:1117 arg1 groups 1132:1137 a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1102:1137 a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1102:1137 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 3 21 theme EPS22 409:413 arg1 mass 397:400 The average molecular mass 375:400 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 375:413 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 0 22 theme structural 17:26 arg1 data 28:31 structural data 17:31 structural data 17:31 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 4 23 theme spectroscopy 807:818 arg1 analysis 820:827 NMR spectroscopy analysis 803:827 NMR spectroscopy analysis 803:827 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 6 24 theme polysaccharide 1017:1030 arg1 due 1035:1037 due 1035:1037 due 1035:1037 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 6 24 theme polysaccharide 1017:1030 arg1 nature 1003:1008 The acidic nature 992:1008 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide 992:1030 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 4 25 dep composition 737:747 arg1 GLC 764:766 GLC 764:766 GLC 764:766 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 4 25 dep composition 737:747 arg1 HPAEC-PAD 750:758 HPAEC-PAD 750:758 HPAEC-PAD 750:758 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 5 26 with heteropolysaccharide 862:881 arg1 unit 900:903 a repeating unit 888:903 a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 888:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 1 27 theme acidic 258:263 arg1 EPS22 308:312 EPS22 308:312 EPS22 308:312 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 1 27 theme acidic 258:263 arg1 exopolysaccharide 289:305 an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide 255:305 an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22) 255:313 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 4 28 theme monosaccharide 722:735 arg1 composition 737:747 monosaccharide composition 722:747 monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC) 722:767 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 6 29 theme non-osidic 1064:1073 arg1 substituents 1075:1086 three non-osidic substituents 1058:1086 three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1058:1137 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 3 30 theme polydispersity 548:561 arg1 Mw/Mn 569:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn 546:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015 546:634 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 30 theme polydispersity 548:561 arg1 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 30 theme polydispersity 548:561 arg1 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 30 theme polydispersity 548:561 arg1 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 2 31 theme 1.3g/l 354:359 arg1 yield 345:349 a yield 343:349 a yield of 1.3g/l 343:359 The EPS22 was purified and a yield of 1.3g/l was achieved. 25129760 0 32 theme substituted 45:55 arg1 exopolysaccharide 57:73 a highly substituted exopolysaccharide 36:73 a highly substituted exopolysaccharide 36:73 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 1 33 theme high-molecular 269:282 arg1 EPS22 308:312 EPS22 308:312 EPS22 308:312 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 1 33 theme high-molecular 269:282 arg1 exopolysaccharide 289:305 an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide 255:305 an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22) 255:313 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 3 34 theme index 563:567 arg1 Mw/Mn 569:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn 546:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015 546:634 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 34 theme index 563:567 arg1 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 34 theme index 563:567 arg1 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 34 theme index 563:567 arg1 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 6 35 theme lactyl 1104:1109 arg1 groups 1132:1137 a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1102:1137 a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1102:1137 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 3 36 theme high-performance 433:448 arg1 HPSEC 481:485 HPSEC 481:485 HPSEC 481:485 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 36 theme high-performance 433:448 arg1 chromatography 465:478 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography 433:478 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 433:486 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 1 37 theme mass 284:287 arg1 EPS22 308:312 EPS22 308:312 EPS22 308:312 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 1 37 theme mass 284:287 arg1 exopolysaccharide 289:305 an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide 255:305 an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22) 255:313 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 3 38 theme size-exclusion 450:463 arg1 HPSEC 481:485 HPSEC 481:485 HPSEC 481:485 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 38 theme size-exclusion 450:463 arg1 chromatography 465:478 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography 433:478 high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) 433:486 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 4 39 theme combination 691:701 arg1 approach 703:710 a combination approach 689:710 a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis 689:827 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 4 40 theme NMR 803:805 arg1 analysis 820:827 NMR spectroscopy analysis 803:827 NMR spectroscopy analysis 803:827 Structural data of this EPS22 were determined using a combination approach including monosaccharide composition (HPAEC-PAD and GLC), methylation analysis (GC-MS) and NMR spectroscopy analysis. 25129760 5 41 from rhamnose 952:959 arg1 ratio 972:976 a molar ratio 964:976 a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 964:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 3 42 theme molecular 510:518 arg1 mass 520:523 an average molecular mass 499:523 an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da 499:540 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 5 43 theme lactyl 945:950 arg1 rhamnose 952:959 lactyl rhamnose 945:959 lactyl rhamnose 945:959 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 5 44 theme repeating 890:898 arg1 unit 900:903 a repeating unit 888:903 a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7 888:989 EPS22 was found to be a complex heteropolysaccharide with a repeating unit mainly composed of glucose, mannose and lactyl rhamnose in a molar ratio of 1:1.1:0.7. 25129760 6 45 theme acidic 996:1001 arg1 due 1035:1037 due 1035:1037 due 1035:1037 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 6 45 theme acidic 996:1001 arg1 nature 1003:1008 The acidic nature 992:1008 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide 992:1030 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 0 46 from AS22 101:104 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 0 46 from AS22 101:104 arg1 data 28:31 structural data 17:31 structural data 17:31 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 6 47 theme substituents 1075:1086 arg1 presence 1046:1053 the presence 1042:1053 the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups 1042:1137 The acidic nature of the polysaccharide is due to the presence of three non-osidic substituents consisting of a lactyl, acetyl, and pyruvyl groups. 25129760 1 48 dep Pseudomonas 107:117 arg1 stutzeri 119:126 stutzeri 119:126 stutzeri 119:126 Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22, when grown on media containing starch and yeast extract and incubated at 30 °C and 200 rpm for 24h, was found to produce an acidic and high-molecular mass exopolysaccharide (EPS22). 25129760 3 49 dep 10 534:535 arg1 5 537:537 5 537:537 5 537:537 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 0 50 theme exopolysaccharide 57:73 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 0 50 theme exopolysaccharide 57:73 arg1 data 28:31 structural data 17:31 structural data 17:31 Purification and structural data of a highly substituted exopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas stutzeri AS22. 25129760 3 51 theme Da 539:540 arg1 Mw/Mn 569:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn 546:573 a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015 546:634 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 51 theme Da 539:540 arg1 mass 520:523 an average molecular mass 499:523 an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da 499:540 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 51 theme Da 539:540 arg1 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 Mn 599:600 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 51 theme Da 539:540 arg1 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 weight-average 580:593 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 25129760 3 51 theme Da 539:540 arg1 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 Mw 576:577 The average molecular mass of the EPS22 was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and showed an average molecular mass of 9.9 × 10(5)Da and a polydispersity index Mw/Mn (Mw, weight-average and Mn, number-average) of 1.197 ± 0.015. 29051093 8 0 theme highest 1224:1230 arg1 activities 1243:1252 the highest scavenging activities 1220:1252 the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals 1220:1289 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 6 1 theme iodide 1008:1013 arg1 tests 1015:1019 iodine potassium iodide tests 991:1019 iodine potassium iodide tests 991:1019 Infrared spectroscopies and iodine potassium iodide tests showed that the HALP were acid α-pyranoses. 29051093 7 2 theme antioxidant 1069:1079 arg1 activities 1081:1090 The antioxidant activities 1065:1090 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) 1065:1153 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 2 3 theme water 365:369 arg1 extraction 371:380 water extraction 365:380 water extraction 365:380 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 0 4 theme polysaccharides 73:87 arg1 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 0 4 theme polysaccharides 73:87 arg1 activity 61:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 5 5 theme 151.70kDa 860:868 arg1 weight 850:855 an average molecular weight 829:855 an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa 829:868 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 1 6 theme tremendous 179:188 arg1 interest 199:206 tremendous research interest 179:206 tremendous research interest 179:206 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. 29051093 0 7 theme angustifolia 105:116 arg1 L 118:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 6 8 theme iodine 991:996 arg1 tests 1015:1019 iodine potassium iodide tests 991:1019 iodine potassium iodide tests 991:1019 Infrared spectroscopies and iodine potassium iodide tests showed that the HALP were acid α-pyranoses. 29051093 2 9 theme angustifolia 305:316 arg1 polysaccharides 321:335 Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides 294:335 Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal 294:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 2 9 theme angustifolia 305:316 arg1 HALP 338:341 HALP 338:341 HALP 338:341 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 8 10 contain had 1216:1218 arg1 HALPs2-1 1207:1214 HALPs2-1 1207:1214 HALPs2-1 1207:1214 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 8 10 contain had 1216:1218 arg2 activities 1243:1252 the highest scavenging activities 1220:1252 the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals 1220:1289 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 4 11 theme physicochemical 653:667 arg1 properties 669:678 The physicochemical properties 649:678 The physicochemical properties 649:678 The physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated. 29051093 0 12 theme Helicteres 94:103 arg1 L 118:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 3 13 theme major 609:613 arg1 HALPs2-1 639:646 HALPs2-1 639:646 HALPs2-1 639:646 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 13 theme major 609:613 arg1 HALPs1-1 626:633 HALPs1-1 626:633 HALPs1-1 626:633 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 13 theme major 609:613 arg1 fractions 615:623 two major fractions 605:623 two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1 605:646 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 2 14 theme Helicteres 294:303 arg1 polysaccharides 321:335 Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides 294:335 Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal 294:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 2 14 theme Helicteres 294:303 arg1 HALP 338:341 HALP 338:341 HALP 338:341 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 5 15 theme molecular 932:940 arg1 weight 942:947 an average molecular weight 921:947 an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa 921:960 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 8 16 theme ABTS 1258:1261 arg1 radicals 1282:1289 ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals 1258:1289 radicals 1282:1289 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 2 17 with method 434:439 arg1 decolorization 446:459 decolorization 446:459 decolorization 446:459 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 2 17 with method 434:439 arg1 removal 473:479 protein removal 465:479 protein removal 465:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 8 18 theme scavenging 1232:1241 arg1 activities 1243:1252 the highest scavenging activities 1220:1252 the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals 1220:1289 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 1 19 theme research 190:197 arg1 interest 199:206 tremendous research interest 179:206 tremendous research interest 179:206 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. 29051093 0 20 from composition 33:43 arg1 L 118:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 4 21 theme fractions 746:754 arg1 activities 726:735 antioxidant activities 714:735 antioxidant activities 714:735 The physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated. 29051093 4 21 theme fractions 746:754 arg1 properties 669:678 The physicochemical properties 649:678 The physicochemical properties 649:678 The physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated. 29051093 4 21 theme fractions 746:754 arg1 characterization 692:707 structural characterization 681:707 structural characterization 681:707 The physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated. 29051093 7 22 dep fractions 1114:1122 arg1 HALPs1-1 1131:1138 HALPs1-1 1131:1138 HALPs1-1 1131:1138 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 7 22 dep fractions 1114:1122 arg1 HALPs2-1 1145:1152 HALPs2-1 1145:1152 HALPs2-1 1145:1152 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 7 22 dep fractions 1114:1122 arg1 HALP 1125:1128 HALP 1125:1128 HALP 1125:1128 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 7 22 dep fractions 1114:1122 arg1 fractions 1114:1122 the polysaccharide fractions 1095:1122 the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) 1095:1153 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 8 23 theme hydroxyl 1264:1271 arg1 radicals 1282:1289 ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals 1258:1289 radicals 1282:1289 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 3 24 with chromatography 540:553 arg1 HALPs2-1 639:646 HALPs2-1 639:646 HALPs2-1 639:646 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 24 with chromatography 540:553 arg1 HALPs1-1 626:633 HALPs1-1 626:633 HALPs1-1 626:633 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 24 with chromatography 540:553 arg1 fractions 615:623 two major fractions 605:623 two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1 605:646 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 9 25 from Helicteres 1397:1406 arg1 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 1376:1422 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 9 25 from Helicteres 1397:1406 arg1 antioxidants 1457:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 6 26 theme potassium 998:1006 arg1 tests 1015:1019 iodine potassium iodide tests 991:1019 iodine potassium iodide tests 991:1019 Infrared spectroscopies and iodine potassium iodide tests showed that the HALP were acid α-pyranoses. 29051093 3 27 from chromatography 540:553 arg1 columns 592:598 Sephadex S-300 columns 577:598 Sephadex S-300 columns 577:598 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 27 from chromatography 540:553 arg1 DEAE-cellulose 558:571 DEAE-cellulose 558:571 DEAE-cellulose 558:571 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 1 28 theme recent 211:216 arg1 years 218:222 recent years 211:222 recent years 211:222 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. 29051093 8 29 theme DPPH 1277:1280 arg1 radicals 1282:1289 ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals 1258:1289 radicals 1282:1289 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 2 30 theme polysaccharides 321:335 arg1 properties 280:289 the antioxidant properties 264:289 the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal 264:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 2 31 theme protein 465:471 arg1 removal 473:479 protein removal 465:479 protein removal 465:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 6 32 theme acid 1047:1050 arg1 HALP 1037:1040 the HALP 1033:1040 the HALP 1033:1040 Infrared spectroscopies and iodine potassium iodide tests showed that the HALP were acid α-pyranoses. 29051093 6 32 theme acid 1047:1050 arg1 α-pyranoses 1052:1062 acid α-pyranoses 1047:1062 acid α-pyranoses 1047:1062 Infrared spectroscopies and iodine potassium iodide tests showed that the HALP were acid α-pyranoses. 29051093 2 33 theme L. 318:319 arg1 polysaccharides 321:335 Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides 294:335 Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal 294:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 2 33 theme L. 318:319 arg1 HALP 338:341 HALP 338:341 HALP 338:341 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 3 34 theme Sephadex 577:584 arg1 columns 592:598 Sephadex S-300 columns 577:598 Sephadex S-300 columns 577:598 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 0 35 theme composition 33:43 arg1 analysis 17:24 analysis 17:24 analysis 17:24 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 0 35 theme composition 33:43 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 2 36 theme alcohol 386:392 arg1 precipitation 394:406 alcohol precipitation 386:406 alcohol precipitation 386:406 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 2 37 theme ultrasound-assisted 414:432 arg1 method 434:439 ultrasound-assisted method 414:439 ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal 414:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 9 38 theme novel 1441:1445 arg1 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 1376:1422 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 9 38 theme novel 1441:1445 arg1 antioxidants 1457:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 9 39 used used 1433:1436 arg2 antioxidants 1457:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 9 39 used used 1433:1436 arg2 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 1376:1422 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 7 40 theme fractions 1114:1122 arg1 activities 1081:1090 The antioxidant activities 1065:1090 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) 1065:1153 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 4 41 theme antioxidant 714:724 arg1 activities 726:735 antioxidant activities 714:735 antioxidant activities 714:735 The physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated. 29051093 0 42 theme antioxidant 49:59 arg1 activity 61:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 9 43 theme potential 1447:1455 arg1 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides 1376:1390 polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 1376:1422 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 9 43 theme potential 1447:1455 arg1 antioxidants 1457:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 novel potential antioxidants 1441:1468 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 0 44 from activity 61:68 arg1 L 118:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Helicteres angustifolia L 94:118 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 0 45 dep composition 33:43 arg1 the 29:31 the 29:31 the 29:31 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 6 46 theme Infrared 963:970 arg1 spectroscopies 972:985 Infrared spectroscopies 963:985 Infrared spectroscopies 963:985 Infrared spectroscopies and iodine potassium iodide tests showed that the HALP were acid α-pyranoses. 29051093 8 47 theme other 1296:1300 arg1 polysaccharides 1302:1316 other polysaccharides 1296:1316 other polysaccharides 1296:1316 The results suggested that HALPs2-1 had the highest scavenging activities for ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals than other polysaccharides. 29051093 5 48 with glucan 817:822 arg1 weight 850:855 an average molecular weight 829:855 an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa 829:868 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 1 49 theme antioxidant 125:135 arg1 activity 137:144 The antioxidant activity 121:144 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides 121:163 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. 29051093 9 50 dep Helicteres 1397:1406 arg1 L. 1421:1422 Helicteres angustifolia L. 1397:1422 Helicteres angustifolia L. 1397:1422 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 0 51 from L 118:118 arg1 polysaccharides 73:87 polysaccharides 73:87 polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L 73:118 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 0 51 from L 118:118 arg1 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 composition 33:43 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 0 51 from L 118:118 arg1 activity 61:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 antioxidant activity 49:68 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 2 52 theme antioxidant 268:278 arg1 properties 280:289 the antioxidant properties 264:289 the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal 264:479 In this study, we aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Helicteres angustifolia L. polysaccharides (HALP) that was acquired by water extraction and alcohol precipitation using ultrasound-assisted method with decolorization and protein removal. 29051093 5 53 theme molecular 840:848 arg1 weight 850:855 an average molecular weight 829:855 an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa 829:868 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 5 54 theme 114.81kDa 952:960 arg1 weight 942:947 an average molecular weight 921:947 an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa 921:960 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 7 55 theme polysaccharide 1099:1112 arg1 HALPs1-1 1131:1138 HALPs1-1 1131:1138 HALPs1-1 1131:1138 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 7 55 theme polysaccharide 1099:1112 arg1 HALPs2-1 1145:1152 HALPs2-1 1145:1152 HALPs2-1 1145:1152 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 7 55 theme polysaccharide 1099:1112 arg1 HALP 1125:1128 HALP 1125:1128 HALP 1125:1128 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 7 55 theme polysaccharide 1099:1112 arg1 fractions 1114:1122 the polysaccharide fractions 1095:1122 the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) 1095:1153 The antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide fractions (HALP, HALPs1-1, and HALPs2-1) were evaluated in vitro. 29051093 5 56 theme average 832:838 arg1 weight 850:855 an average molecular weight 829:855 an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa 829:868 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 5 57 theme average 924:930 arg1 weight 942:947 an average molecular weight 921:947 an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa 921:960 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 3 58 dep fractions 615:623 arg1 HALPs2-1 639:646 HALPs2-1 639:646 HALPs2-1 639:646 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 58 dep fractions 615:623 arg1 HALPs1-1 626:633 HALPs1-1 626:633 HALPs1-1 626:633 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 3 58 dep fractions 615:623 arg1 fractions 615:623 two major fractions 605:623 two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1 605:646 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 1 59 theme polysaccharides 149:163 arg1 activity 137:144 The antioxidant activity 121:144 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides 121:163 The antioxidant activity of polysaccharides has attracted tremendous research interest in recent years. 29051093 0 60 theme activity 61:68 arg1 analysis 17:24 analysis 17:24 analysis 17:24 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 0 60 theme activity 61:68 arg1 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification 0:11 Purification and analysis of the composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. 29051093 9 61 theme study 1355:1359 arg1 results 1339:1345 the results 1335:1345 the results of this study 1335:1359 Taken together, the results of this study suggested that polysaccharides from Helicteres angustifolia L. could be used as novel potential antioxidants. 29051093 5 62 theme glucuronic 900:909 arg1 acid 911:914 glucuronic acid 900:914 glucuronic acid 900:914 The results indicated that HALPs1-1 was a glucan with an average molecular weight of 151.70kDa, and HALPs2-1 was composed of glucuronic acid with an average molecular weight of 114.81kDa. 29051093 3 63 theme S-300 586:590 arg1 columns 592:598 Sephadex S-300 columns 577:598 Sephadex S-300 columns 577:598 The polysaccharides were then successively purified using chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex S-300 columns with two major fractions: HALPs1-1 and HALPs2-1. 29051093 4 64 theme structural 681:690 arg1 characterization 692:707 structural characterization 681:707 structural characterization 681:707 The physicochemical properties, structural characterization, and antioxidant activities of these fractions were investigated. 29241332 0 0 theme Parts 75:79 arg1 Walls 56:60 Cell Walls 51:60 Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 51:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 5 1 theme linked 950:955 arg1 moieties 969:976 linked piceatannol moieties 950:976 linked piceatannol moieties 950:976 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 0 2 theme Different 65:73 arg1 Parts 75:79 Different Parts 65:79 Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 65:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 0 3 theme Macaúba 84:90 arg1 Fruit 118:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 0 4 from Variability 0:10 arg1 Structure 38:46 Structure 38:46 Structure 38:46 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 0 4 from Variability 0:10 arg1 Walls 56:60 Cell Walls 51:60 Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 51:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 0 4 from Variability 0:10 arg1 Composition 22:32 Lignin Composition 15:32 Lignin Composition 15:32 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 6 5 contain have 1045:1048 arg1 incorporation 983:995 The incorporation 979:995 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer 979:1034 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer seems to have a role in seed protection. 29241332 6 5 contain have 1045:1048 arg2 role 1052:1055 a role 1050:1055 a role 1050:1055 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer seems to have a role in seed protection. 29241332 4 6 theme large 788:792 arg1 amounts 794:800 large amounts 788:800 large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer 788:851 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 4 6 theme large 788:792 arg1 units 817:821 piceatannol units 805:821 piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer 805:851 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 5 7 theme condensed 925:933 arg1 structures 935:944 condensed structures 925:944 condensed structures 925:944 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 5 8 dep polymer 880:886 arg1 depleted 888:895 depleted 888:895 depleted in β-ethers 888:907 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 5 8 dep polymer 880:886 arg1 enriched 913:920 enriched 913:920 enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties 913:976 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 0 9 theme Acrocomia 93:101 arg1 Fruit 118:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 2 10 from stalks 281:286 arg1 lignin 269:274 The lignin 265:274 The lignin from stalks 265:286 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 6 11 theme lignin 1021:1026 arg1 polymer 1028:1034 the lignin polymer 1017:1034 the lignin polymer 1017:1034 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer seems to have a role in seed protection. 29241332 5 12 link linked 950:955 arg1 moieties 969:976 linked piceatannol moieties 950:976 linked piceatannol moieties 950:976 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 1 13 theme different 142:150 arg1 parts 163:167 different anatomical parts 142:167 different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, 142:249 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 2 14 theme total 362:366 arg1 % 353:353 84% 351:353 84% of the total 351:366 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 14 theme total 362:366 arg1 total 362:366 total 362:366 total 362:366 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 1 15 theme anatomical 152:161 arg1 parts 163:167 different anatomical parts 142:167 different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, 142:249 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 4 16 theme units 817:821 arg1 amounts 794:800 large amounts 788:800 large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer 788:851 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 4 16 theme units 817:821 arg1 units 817:821 piceatannol units 805:821 piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer 805:851 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 6 17 theme piceatannol 1000:1010 arg1 incorporation 983:995 The incorporation 979:995 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer 979:1034 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer seems to have a role in seed protection. 29241332 2 18 theme % 437:437 arg1 acylation 446:454 26% lignin acylation 435:454 26% lignin acylation 435:454 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 18 theme % 437:437 arg1 side-chains 422:432 the lignin side-chains 411:432 the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation) 411:455 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 1 19 theme macaúba 172:178 arg1 fruit 206:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 19 theme macaúba 172:178 arg1 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 19 theme macaúba 172:178 arg1 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 19 theme macaúba 172:178 arg1 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 0 20 theme Lignin 15:20 arg1 Composition 22:32 Lignin Composition 15:32 Lignin Composition 15:32 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 0 21 theme aculeata 103:110 arg1 Fruit 118:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 4 22 from rest 769:772 arg1 lignin 728:733 The endocarp lignin 715:733 The endocarp lignin 715:733 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 4 22 from rest 769:772 arg1 different 750:758 different 750:758 different 750:758 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 0 23 theme Fruit 118:122 arg1 Parts 75:79 Different Parts 65:79 Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 65:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 2 24 theme β-ether 333:339 arg1 linkages 341:348 β-ether linkages 333:348 β-ether linkages (84% of the total) 333:367 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 1 25 theme Acrocomia 181:189 arg1 fruit 206:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 25 theme Acrocomia 181:189 arg1 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 25 theme Acrocomia 181:189 arg1 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 25 theme Acrocomia 181:189 arg1 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 0 26 theme Palm 113:116 arg1 Fruit 118:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 84:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 1 27 theme aculeata 191:198 arg1 fruit 206:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 27 theme aculeata 191:198 arg1 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 27 theme aculeata 191:198 arg1 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 27 theme aculeata 191:198 arg1 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 0 28 theme Cell 51:54 arg1 Walls 56:60 Cell Walls 51:60 Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit 51:122 Variability in Lignin Composition and Structure in Cell Walls of Different Parts of Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) Palm Fruit. 29241332 2 29 theme lignin 415:420 arg1 acylation 446:454 26% lignin acylation 435:454 26% lignin acylation 435:454 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 29 theme lignin 415:420 arg1 side-chains 422:432 the lignin side-chains 411:432 the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation) 411:455 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 6 30 theme seed 1060:1063 arg1 protection 1065:1074 seed protection 1060:1074 seed protection 1060:1074 The incorporation of piceatannol into the lignin polymer seems to have a role in seed protection. 29241332 2 31 theme side-chains 422:432 arg1 γ-OH 403:406 the γ-OH 399:406 the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation) 399:455 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 4 32 theme endocarp 719:726 arg1 lignin 728:733 The endocarp lignin 715:733 The endocarp lignin 715:733 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 4 32 theme endocarp 719:726 arg1 different 750:758 different 750:758 different 750:758 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 5 33 theme lignin 873:878 arg1 polymer 880:886 a lignin polymer 871:886 a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties 871:976 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 2 34 dep linkages 341:348 arg1 % 353:353 84% 351:353 84% of the total 351:366 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 34 dep linkages 341:348 arg1 total 362:366 total 362:366 total 362:366 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 35 theme lignin 439:444 arg1 acylation 446:454 26% lignin acylation 435:454 26% lignin acylation 435:454 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 35 theme lignin 439:444 arg1 side-chains 422:432 the lignin side-chains 411:432 the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation) 411:455 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 3 36 theme epicarp 514:520 arg1 lignin 522:527 The epicarp lignin 510:527 The epicarp lignin 510:527 The epicarp lignin was highly enriched in G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) and consequently depleted in β-ethers (65%) and enriched in condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%). 29241332 1 37 from parts 163:167 arg1 lignins 129:135 The lignins 125:135 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, 125:249 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 38 theme palm 201:204 arg1 fruit 206:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit 172:210 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 38 theme palm 201:204 arg1 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 stalks 220:225 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 38 theme palm 201:204 arg1 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 endocarp 241:248 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 1 38 theme palm 201:204 arg1 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 epicarp 228:234 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 4 39 theme piceatannol 805:815 arg1 units 817:821 piceatannol units 805:821 piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer 805:851 The endocarp lignin was strikingly different from the rest and presented large amounts of piceatannol units incorporated into the polymer. 29241332 3 40 theme G-lignin 552:559 arg1 S/G 568:570 S/G 0.2 568:574 S/G 0.2 568:574 The epicarp lignin was highly enriched in G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) and consequently depleted in β-ethers (65%) and enriched in condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%). 29241332 3 40 theme G-lignin 552:559 arg1 units 561:565 G-lignin units 552:565 G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) 552:575 The epicarp lignin was highly enriched in G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) and consequently depleted in β-ethers (65%) and enriched in condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%). 29241332 1 41 theme fruit 206:210 arg1 parts 163:167 different anatomical parts 142:167 different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, 142:249 The lignins from different anatomical parts of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) palm fruit, namely stalks, epicarp, and endocarp, were studied. 29241332 5 42 theme piceatannol 957:967 arg1 moieties 969:976 linked piceatannol moieties 950:976 linked piceatannol moieties 950:976 This resulted in a lignin polymer depleted in β-ethers but enriched in condensed structures and linked piceatannol moieties. 29241332 2 43 theme S-lignin 304:311 arg1 S/G 320:322 S/G 1.2 320:326 S/G 1.2 320:326 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 2 43 theme S-lignin 304:311 arg1 units 313:317 S-lignin units 304:317 S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) 304:327 The lignin from stalks was enriched in S-lignin units (S/G 1.2) and β-ether linkages (84% of the total) and was partially acylated at the γ-OH of the lignin side-chains (26% lignin acylation), predominantly with p-hydroxybenzoates and acetates. 29241332 3 44 theme condensed 637:645 arg1 structures 647:656 condensed structures 637:656 condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%) 637:712 The epicarp lignin was highly enriched in G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) and consequently depleted in β-ethers (65%) and enriched in condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%). 29241332 3 44 theme condensed 637:645 arg1 phenylcoumarans 666:680 phenylcoumarans 666:680 phenylcoumarans (24%) 666:686 The epicarp lignin was highly enriched in G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) and consequently depleted in β-ethers (65%) and enriched in condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%). 29241332 3 44 theme condensed 637:645 arg1 dibenzodioxocins 692:707 dibenzodioxocins 692:707 dibenzodioxocins (3%) 692:712 The epicarp lignin was highly enriched in G-lignin units (S/G 0.2) and consequently depleted in β-ethers (65%) and enriched in condensed structures such as phenylcoumarans (24%) and dibenzodioxocins (3%). 26706843 8 0 theme formalin 1071:1078 arg1 injection 1058:1066 intraplantar injection 1045:1066 intraplantar injection of formalin in mice 1045:1086 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 8 1 dep PFSCW 984:988 arg1 10-300mg/kg 991:1001 10-300mg/kg 991:1001 10-300mg/kg 991:1001 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 6 2 theme galacturonic 689:700 arg1 GalA 708:711 GalA 708:711 GalA 708:711 It comprised arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0. 26706843 6 2 theme galacturonic 689:700 arg1 acid 702:705 galacturonic acid 689:705 galacturonic acid (GalA) 689:712 It comprised arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0. 26706843 1 3 theme tropical 158:165 arg1 juice 235:239 fruit juice 229:239 fruit juice 229:239 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 3 theme tropical 158:165 arg1 fruit 217:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 3 theme tropical 158:165 arg1 Starfruit 111:119 Starfruit 111:119 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) 111:143 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 3 theme tropical 158:165 arg1 fruit 167:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 4 theme fruit 229:233 arg1 juice 235:239 fruit juice 229:239 fruit juice 229:239 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 4 theme fruit 229:233 arg1 fruit 167:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 0 5 theme anti-inflammatory 84:100 arg1 effects 102:108 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 64:108 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 64:108 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 9 6 theme anti-inflammatory 1149:1165 arg1 properties 1167:1176 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 1129:1176 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 1129:1176 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 9 7 theme antinociceptive 1129:1143 arg1 properties 1167:1176 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 1129:1176 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties 1129:1176 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 6 8 theme 12.3:1.7:86.0 734:746 arg1 ratio 725:729 a molar ratio 717:729 a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0 717:746 It comprised arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0. 26706843 2 9 theme pharmacological 267:281 arg1 activities 283:292 various pharmacological activities 259:292 various pharmacological activities 259:292 It also exhibits various pharmacological activities. 26706843 7 10 theme A 961:961 arg1 units 963:967 terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 930:967 units 963:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 2 11 theme various 259:265 arg1 activities 283:292 various pharmacological activities 259:292 various pharmacological activities 259:292 It also exhibits various pharmacological activities. 26706843 7 12 theme substituted 818:828 arg1 galacturonan 830:841 a substituted galacturonan 816:841 a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 816:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 8 13 theme intraplantar 1045:1056 arg1 injection 1058:1066 intraplantar injection 1045:1066 intraplantar injection of formalin in mice 1045:1086 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 8 14 theme PFSCW 984:988 arg1 effect 974:979 The effect 970:979 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice 970:1086 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 9 15 from intervention 1227:1238 arg1 useful 1205:1210 useful 1205:1210 useful 1205:1210 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 9 16 theme inflammatory 1262:1273 arg1 pain 1275:1278 inflammatory pain 1262:1278 inflammatory pain 1262:1278 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 5 17 theme two-dimensional 563:577 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 563:626 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 563:626 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 0 18 theme Substituted 0:10 arg1 galacturonan 12:23 Substituted galacturonan 0:23 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 0:109 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 5 19 theme sugar 496:500 arg1 composition 502:512 sugar composition 496:512 sugar composition 496:512 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 9 20 theme pain 1275:1278 arg1 management 1248:1257 the management 1244:1257 the management of inflammatory pain 1244:1278 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 5 21 theme nuclear 579:585 arg1 resonance 596:604 nuclear magnetic resonance 579:604 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 563:626 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 5 21 theme nuclear 579:585 arg1 NMR 610:612 2D NMR 607:612 2D NMR 607:612 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 8 22 theme nocifensive 1013:1023 arg1 behavior 1025:1032 nocifensive behavior 1013:1032 nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice 1013:1086 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 3 23 theme freeze-thawing 376:389 arg1 treatments 403:412 freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments 376:412 freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments 376:412 In this study, polysaccharides were extracted with boiling water and purified by freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments. 26706843 7 24 link -linked 909:915 arg1 α-L-Araf 917:924 (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf 904:924 (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf 904:924 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 5 25 theme magnetic 587:594 arg1 resonance 596:604 nuclear magnetic resonance 579:604 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 563:626 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 5 25 theme magnetic 587:594 arg1 NMR 610:612 2D NMR 607:612 2D NMR 607:612 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 7 26 theme spectroscopy 769:780 arg1 analyses 782:789 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses 749:789 analyses 782:789 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 5 27 theme resonance 596:604 arg1 spectroscopy 615:626 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 563:626 two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy 563:626 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 7 28 dep α-L-Araf 917:924 arg1 1→5 905:907 1→5 905:907 1→5 905:907 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 7 29 theme terminal 930:937 arg1 α-L-Araf 939:946 terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 930:967 α-L-Araf 939:946 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 7 30 theme Methylation 749:759 arg1 analyses 782:789 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses 749:789 analyses 782:789 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 7 31 theme -linked 909:915 arg1 α-L-Araf 917:924 (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf 904:924 (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf 904:924 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 4 32 theme homogenous 443:452 arg1 fraction 454:461 a homogenous fraction 441:461 a homogenous fraction 441:461 After purification steps, a homogenous fraction was obtained. 26706843 9 33 theme therapeutic 1215:1225 arg1 intervention 1227:1238 therapeutic intervention 1215:1238 therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain 1215:1278 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 0 34 theme Chemical 41:48 arg1 structure 50:58 Chemical structure 41:58 Chemical structure 41:58 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 8 35 from injection 1058:1066 arg1 mice 1083:1086 mice 1083:1086 mice 1083:1086 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 6 36 theme molar 719:723 arg1 ratio 725:729 a molar ratio 717:729 a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0 717:746 It comprised arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), and galacturonic acid (GalA) in a molar ratio of 12.3:1.7:86.0. 26706843 1 37 theme fresh 205:209 arg1 fruit 217:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 37 theme fresh 205:209 arg1 fruit 167:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 7 38 theme NMR 765:767 arg1 analyses 782:789 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses 749:789 analyses 782:789 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 5 39 dep composition 502:512 arg1 analyses 628:635 analyses 628:635 analyses 628:635 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 3 40 theme Fehling 395:401 arg1 treatments 403:412 freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments 376:412 freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments 376:412 In this study, polysaccharides were extracted with boiling water and purified by freeze-thawing and Fehling treatments. 26706843 7 41 contain contained 806:814 arg2 galacturonan 830:841 a substituted galacturonan 816:841 a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 816:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 7 41 contain contained 806:814 arg1 it 803:804 it 803:804 it 803:804 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 4 42 theme purification 421:432 arg1 steps 434:438 purification steps 421:438 purification steps 421:438 After purification steps, a homogenous fraction was obtained. 26706843 7 43 theme α-D-Galp 868:875 arg1 units 879:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units 855:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 855:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 7 44 link -linked 860:866 arg1 units 879:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units 855:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 855:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 7 45 theme A 877:877 arg1 units 879:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units 855:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 855:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 1 46 theme table 211:215 arg1 fruit 217:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 46 theme table 211:215 arg1 fruit 167:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 7 47 theme α-D-Galp 952:959 arg1 units 963:967 terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 930:967 units 963:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 1 48 theme edible 151:156 arg1 juice 235:239 fruit juice 229:239 fruit juice 229:239 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 48 theme edible 151:156 arg1 fruit 217:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 a fresh table fruit 203:221 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 48 theme edible 151:156 arg1 Starfruit 111:119 Starfruit 111:119 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) 111:143 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 1 48 theme edible 151:156 arg1 fruit 167:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 an edible tropical fruit 148:171 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 9 49 from useful 1205:1210 arg1 intervention 1227:1238 therapeutic intervention 1215:1238 therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain 1215:1278 The fraction demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that it may be useful in therapeutic intervention for the management of inflammatory pain. 26706843 0 50 dep galacturonan 12:23 arg1 effects 102:108 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 64:108 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 64:108 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 0 50 dep galacturonan 12:23 arg1 structure 50:58 Chemical structure 41:58 Chemical structure 41:58 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 5 51 theme gel 515:517 arg1 chromatography 530:543 gel permeation chromatography 515:543 gel permeation chromatography 515:543 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 7 52 theme -linked 860:866 arg1 units 879:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units 855:883 (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units 855:967 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 26706843 0 53 theme antinociceptive 64:78 arg1 effects 102:108 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 64:108 antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects 64:108 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 0 54 from starfruit 30:38 arg1 galacturonan 12:23 Substituted galacturonan 0:23 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 0:109 Substituted galacturonan from starfruit: Chemical structure and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. 26706843 8 55 from effect 974:979 arg1 behavior 1025:1032 nocifensive behavior 1013:1032 nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice 1013:1086 The effect of PFSCW (10-300mg/kg, i.p.) on nocifensive behavior induced by intraplantar injection of formalin in mice was evaluated. 26706843 5 56 theme permeation 519:528 arg1 chromatography 530:543 gel permeation chromatography 515:543 gel permeation chromatography 515:543 It was analyzed by sugar composition, gel permeation chromatography, methylation, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy analyses. 26706843 1 57 dep Averrhoa 122:129 arg1 L. 141:142 Averrhoa carambola L. 122:142 Averrhoa carambola L. 122:142 Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is an edible tropical fruit, which is usually consumed as a fresh table fruit or as fruit juice. 26706843 7 58 dep units 879:883 arg1 1→4 856:858 1→4 856:858 1→4 856:858 Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analyses showed that it contained a substituted galacturonan composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-Galp A units branched at O-2 by (1→5)-linked α-L-Araf and terminal α-L-Araf and α-D-Galp A units. 28109810 6 0 from micrograph 884:893 arg1 evident 834:840 evident 834:840 evident 834:840 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 3 1 theme thermal 460:466 arg1 properties 481:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties 448:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites 448:511 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites were carried out. 28109810 3 2 theme composites 502:511 arg1 properties 481:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties 448:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites 448:511 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites were carried out. 28109810 9 3 theme hybrid 1407:1412 arg1 composites 1414:1423 the hybrid composites 1403:1423 the hybrid composites 1403:1423 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 8 4 theme onset 1153:1157 arg1 259°C 1184:1188 259°C 1184:1188 259°C 1184:1188 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 8 4 theme onset 1153:1157 arg1 temperature 1171:1181 a higher onset degradation temperature 1144:1181 a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C) 1144:1269 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 6 5 theme microscopy 867:876 arg1 micrograph 884:893 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph 845:893 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 845:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 6 6 theme scanning 849:856 arg1 microscopy 867:876 scanning electron microscopy 849:876 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 845:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 6 6 theme scanning 849:856 arg1 SEM 879:881 SEM 879:881 SEM 879:881 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 9 7 theme water 1310:1314 arg1 solubility 1316:1325 water solubility 1310:1325 water solubility 1310:1325 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 8 8 theme individual 1233:1242 arg1 composites 1252:1261 the individual seaweed composites 1229:1261 the individual seaweed composites (253°C) 1229:1269 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 8 8 theme individual 1233:1242 arg1 253°C 1264:1268 253°C 1264:1268 253°C 1264:1268 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 7 9 theme SPF 1073:1075 arg1 addition 1061:1068 the addition 1057:1068 the addition of SPF 1057:1075 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 10 10 theme disposable 1571:1580 arg1 etc 1595:1597 etc 1595:1597 etc 1595:1597 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 10 10 theme disposable 1571:1580 arg1 plate 1588:1592 plate 1588:1592 plate 1588:1592 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 10 10 theme disposable 1571:1580 arg1 tray 1582:1585 disposable tray 1571:1585 disposable tray 1571:1585 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 0 11 theme hybrid 121:126 arg1 composites 128:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 6 12 theme tensile 921:927 arg1 fracture 929:936 tensile fracture 921:936 the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 898:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 1 13 theme palm 203:206 arg1 effect 187:192 the effect 183:192 the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 183:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 8 14 theme seaweed/SPF 1201:1211 arg1 composites 1213:1222 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites 1195:1222 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites 1195:1222 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 6 15 theme composites 909:918 arg1 micrograph 884:893 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph 845:893 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 845:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 6 16 dep composites 909:918 arg1 fracture 929:936 tensile fracture 921:936 the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 898:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 7 17 theme hydrogen 1030:1037 arg1 bonding 1039:1045 intermolecular hydrogen bonding 1015:1045 intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF 1015:1075 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 7 18 theme FT-IR 980:984 arg1 analysis 987:994 spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis 966:994 spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis 966:994 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 5 19 theme highest 676:682 arg1 17.74MPa 693:700 17.74MPa 693:700 17.74MPa 693:700 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 5 19 theme highest 676:682 arg1 tensile 684:690 The highest tensile 672:690 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) 672:701 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 7 20 theme spectroscopy 966:977 arg1 analysis 987:994 spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis 966:994 spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis 966:994 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 7 21 dep Fourier 939:945 arg1 transform 947:955 transform 947:955 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis 947:994 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 10 22 theme biocomposites 1520:1532 arg1 properties 1502:1511 the properties 1498:1511 the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application 1498:1559 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 0 23 theme seaweed/sugar 48:60 arg1 palm 62:65 seaweed/sugar palm fibre 48:71 seaweed/sugar palm fibre 48:71 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 1 24 theme starch 307:312 arg1 composites 326:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 5 25 theme seaweed/SPF 791:801 arg1 ratio 782:786 50:50 ratio 776:786 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF 776:801 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 0 26 theme fibre 67:71 arg1 palm 62:65 seaweed/sugar palm fibre 48:71 seaweed/sugar palm fibre 48:71 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 9 27 theme Water 1272:1276 arg1 absorption 1278:1287 Water absorption 1272:1287 Water absorption 1272:1287 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 1 28 theme research 156:163 arg1 aim 144:146 The aim 140:146 The aim of this research 140:163 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 0 29 theme thermoplastic 84:96 arg1 composites 128:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 10 30 theme SPF 1456:1458 arg1 hybridization 1439:1451 the hybridization 1435:1451 the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites 1435:1487 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 2 31 theme weight 371:376 arg1 ratio 378:382 weight ratio 371:382 weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 371:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 0 32 theme palm 104:107 arg1 composites 128:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 1 33 from effect 187:192 arg1 properties 260:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties 223:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 223:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 8 34 dep enhanced 1121:1128 arg1 indicated 1131:1139 indicated 1131:1139 indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C) 1131:1269 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 0 35 theme Thermal 0:6 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties 0:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre 0:71 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 1 36 theme thermal 239:245 arg1 properties 260:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties 223:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 223:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 10 37 with hybridization 1439:1451 arg1 composites 1478:1487 seaweed/TPSA composites 1465:1487 seaweed/TPSA composites 1465:1487 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 0 38 theme mechanical 9:18 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties 0:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre 0:71 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 1 39 theme physical 251:258 arg1 properties 260:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties 223:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 223:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 10 40 theme seaweed/TPSA 1465:1476 arg1 composites 1478:1487 seaweed/TPSA composites 1465:1487 seaweed/TPSA composites 1465:1487 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 5 41 theme hybrid 754:759 arg1 composite 761:769 hybrid composite 754:769 hybrid composite 754:769 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 9 42 theme soil 1332:1335 arg1 tests 1344:1348 soil burial tests 1332:1348 soil burial tests 1332:1348 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 1 43 theme sugar 296:300 arg1 composites 326:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 1 44 theme fibre 208:212 arg1 palm 203:206 sugar palm 197:206 sugar palm fibre (SPF) 197:218 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 8 45 theme hybrid 1099:1104 arg1 composites 1106:1115 hybrid composites 1099:1115 hybrid composites 1099:1115 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 6 46 theme Good 804:807 arg1 bonding 822:828 Good fibre-matrix bonding 804:828 Good fibre-matrix bonding 804:828 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 4 47 theme hybrid 563:568 arg1 composites 570:579 hybrid composites 563:579 hybrid composites 563:579 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 2 48 theme Hybridized 338:347 arg1 filler 361:366 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler 338:366 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 338:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 1 49 theme seaweed/thermoplastic 274:294 arg1 composites 326:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 4 50 theme Obtained 531:538 arg1 results 540:546 Obtained results 531:546 Obtained results 531:546 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 3 51 theme hybrid 495:500 arg1 composites 502:511 hybrid composites 495:511 hybrid composites 495:511 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites were carried out. 28109810 1 52 theme mechanical 227:236 arg1 properties 260:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties 223:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 223:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 4 53 theme impact 653:658 arg1 resistance 660:669 lower impact resistance 647:669 lower impact resistance 647:669 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 9 54 theme composites 1414:1423 arg1 resistance 1389:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance 1357:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites 1357:1423 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 8 55 theme higher 1146:1151 arg1 259°C 1184:1188 259°C 1184:1188 259°C 1184:1188 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 8 55 theme higher 1146:1151 arg1 temperature 1171:1181 a higher onset degradation temperature 1144:1181 a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C) 1144:1269 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 6 56 theme electron 858:865 arg1 microscopy 867:876 scanning electron microscopy 849:876 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 845:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 6 56 theme electron 858:865 arg1 SEM 879:881 SEM 879:881 SEM 879:881 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 6 57 from evident 834:840 arg1 micrograph 884:893 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph 845:893 the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 845:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 8 58 theme degradation 1159:1169 arg1 259°C 1184:1188 259°C 1184:1188 259°C 1184:1188 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 8 58 theme degradation 1159:1169 arg1 temperature 1171:1181 a higher onset degradation temperature 1144:1181 a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C) 1144:1269 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 4 59 theme lower 647:651 arg1 resistance 660:669 lower impact resistance 647:669 lower impact resistance 647:669 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 4 60 theme tensile 598:604 arg1 properties 619:628 improved tensile and flexural properties 589:628 improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance 589:669 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 1 61 theme sugar 197:201 arg1 palm 203:206 sugar palm 197:206 sugar palm fibre (SPF) 197:218 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 1 62 dep fibre 208:212 arg1 SPF 215:217 SPF 215:217 SPF 215:217 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 4 63 theme flexural 610:617 arg1 properties 619:628 improved tensile and flexural properties 589:628 improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance 589:669 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 7 64 theme intermolecular 1015:1028 arg1 bonding 1039:1045 intermolecular hydrogen bonding 1015:1045 intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF 1015:1075 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 8 65 theme 25:75 1195:1199 arg1 composites 1213:1222 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites 1195:1222 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites 1195:1222 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 6 66 theme hybrid 902:907 arg1 composites 909:918 the hybrid composites 898:918 the hybrid composites' tensile fracture 898:936 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 0 67 theme palm 62:65 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties 0:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre 0:71 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 9 68 theme higher 1357:1362 arg1 resistance 1389:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance 1357:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites 1357:1423 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 5 69 theme flexural 707:714 arg1 strength 716:723 flexural strength 707:723 flexural strength (31.24MPa) 707:734 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 5 69 theme flexural 707:714 arg1 31.24MPa 726:733 31.24MPa 726:733 31.24MPa 726:733 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 1 70 theme agar 314:317 arg1 composites 326:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 0 71 theme sugar 98:102 arg1 composites 128:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 1 72 theme TPSA 320:323 arg1 composites 326:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 0 73 theme Starch/Agar 109:119 arg1 composites 128:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites 84:137 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 1 74 theme composites 326:335 arg1 properties 260:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties 223:269 the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 223:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 8 75 theme seaweed 1244:1250 arg1 composites 1252:1261 the individual seaweed composites 1229:1261 the individual seaweed composites (253°C) 1229:1269 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 8 75 theme seaweed 1244:1250 arg1 253°C 1264:1268 253°C 1264:1268 253°C 1264:1268 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 5 76 theme 50:50 776:780 arg1 ratio 782:786 50:50 ratio 776:786 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF 776:801 The highest tensile (17.74MPa) and flexural strength (31.24MPa) was obtained from hybrid composite with 50:50 ratio of seaweed/SPF. 28109810 9 77 theme thickness 1290:1298 arg1 swelling 1300:1307 thickness swelling 1290:1307 thickness swelling 1290:1307 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 2 78 theme 75:25 404:408 arg1 ratio 378:382 weight ratio 371:382 weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 371:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 7 79 dep transform 947:955 arg1 infrared 957:964 infrared 957:964 transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis 947:994 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis showed increase in intermolecular hydrogen bonding following the addition of SPF. 28109810 2 80 theme seaweed/SPF 349:359 arg1 filler 361:366 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler 338:366 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 338:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 2 81 theme 50:50 394:398 arg1 ratio 378:382 weight ratio 371:382 weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 371:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 2 82 theme 25:75 387:391 arg1 ratio 378:382 weight ratio 371:382 weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 371:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 0 83 theme physical 25:32 arg1 properties 34:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties 0:43 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre 0:71 Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of seaweed/sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic sugar palm Starch/Agar hybrid composites. 28109810 8 84 theme Thermal 1078:1084 arg1 stability 1086:1094 Thermal stability 1078:1094 Thermal stability of hybrid composites 1078:1115 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 9 85 theme burial 1337:1342 arg1 tests 1344:1348 soil burial tests 1332:1348 soil burial tests 1332:1348 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 3 86 theme Mechanical 448:457 arg1 properties 481:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties 448:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites 448:511 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites were carried out. 28109810 1 87 theme palm 302:305 arg1 composites 326:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites 274:335 The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sugar palm fibre (SPF) on the mechanical, thermal and physical properties of seaweed/thermoplastic sugar palm starch agar (TPSA) composites. 28109810 8 88 theme composites 1106:1115 arg1 stability 1086:1094 Thermal stability 1078:1094 Thermal stability of hybrid composites 1078:1115 Thermal stability of hybrid composites was enhanced, indicated by a higher onset degradation temperature (259°C) for 25:75 seaweed/SPF composites than the individual seaweed composites (253°C). 28109810 6 89 theme fibre-matrix 809:820 arg1 bonding 822:828 Good fibre-matrix bonding 804:828 Good fibre-matrix bonding 804:828 Good fibre-matrix bonding was evident in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the hybrid composites' tensile fracture. 28109810 9 90 theme water 1364:1368 arg1 resistance 1389:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance 1357:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites 1357:1423 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 28109810 2 91 from ratio 378:382 arg1 filler 361:366 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler 338:366 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 338:408 Hybridized seaweed/SPF filler at weight ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 were prepared using TPSA as a matrix. 28109810 4 92 theme improved 589:596 arg1 properties 619:628 improved tensile and flexural properties 589:628 improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance 589:669 Obtained results indicated that hybrid composites display improved tensile and flexural properties accompanied with lower impact resistance. 28109810 10 93 theme short-life 1538:1547 arg1 application 1549:1559 short-life application 1538:1559 short-life application 1538:1559 Overall, the hybridization of SPF with seaweed/TPSA composites enhances the properties of the biocomposites for short-life application; that is, disposable tray, plate, etc. 28109810 3 94 theme physical 472:479 arg1 properties 481:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties 448:490 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites 448:511 Mechanical, thermal and physical properties of hybrid composites were carried out. 28109810 9 95 theme biodegradation 1374:1387 arg1 resistance 1389:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance 1357:1398 higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites 1357:1423 Water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and soil burial tests showed higher water and biodegradation resistance of the hybrid composites. 29103507 1 0 theme Bacterial 132:140 arg1 BC 153:154 BC 153:154 BC 153:154 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 1 0 theme Bacterial 132:140 arg1 cellulose 142:150 Bacterial cellulose 132:150 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 132:155 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 1 0 theme Bacterial 132:140 arg1 biopolymer 162:171 a biopolymer 160:171 a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability 160:235 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 7 1 theme suitable 1067:1074 arg1 platform 1076:1083 a suitable platform 1065:1083 a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities 1065:1176 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 3 2 theme BC 520:521 arg1 nanofibers 523:532 BC nanofibers 520:532 BC nanofibers 520:532 In this study, flavonoid silymarin (SMN) and zein were assembled into spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers. 29103507 4 3 theme BC 615:616 arg1 films 618:622 BC films 615:622 BC films 615:622 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 0 4 theme composite 115:123 arg1 films 125:129 composite films 115:129 composite films 115:129 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 4 5 theme SMN-Zein 535:542 arg1 nanoparticles 544:556 SMN-Zein nanoparticles 535:556 SMN-Zein nanoparticles 535:556 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 6 6 theme BC 896:897 arg1 films 899:903 pure BC films 891:903 pure BC films 891:903 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 5 7 from films 787:791 arg1 release 725:731 the release 721:731 the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films 721:791 SMN-Zein nanoparticles enhanced the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films. 29103507 6 8 theme lipid 972:976 arg1 oxidation 978:986 lipid oxidation 972:986 lipid oxidation 972:986 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 6 9 theme pure 891:894 arg1 films 899:903 pure BC films 891:903 pure BC films 891:903 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 7 10 theme films 1108:1112 arg1 modification 1089:1100 modification 1089:1100 modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities 1089:1176 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 7 11 theme nanoparticle/nanofiber 1021:1042 arg1 composites 1044:1053 the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites 1017:1053 the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites 1017:1053 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 4 12 theme films 618:622 arg1 property 603:610 the wettability and swelling property 574:610 the wettability and swelling property of BC films 574:622 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 7 13 with films 1108:1112 arg1 properties 1141:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 7 13 with films 1108:1112 arg1 activities 1167:1176 biological activities 1156:1176 biological activities 1156:1176 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 3 14 theme spherical 447:455 arg1 nanoparticles 466:478 spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles 447:478 spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers 447:532 In this study, flavonoid silymarin (SMN) and zein were assembled into spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers. 29103507 1 15 theme excellent 206:214 arg1 ability 229:235 excellent film-forming ability 206:235 excellent film-forming ability 206:235 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 0 16 theme Drug 0:3 arg1 release 5:11 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities 0:52 release 5:11 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 5 17 theme SMN-Zein 689:696 arg1 nanoparticles 698:710 SMN-Zein nanoparticles 689:710 SMN-Zein nanoparticles 689:710 SMN-Zein nanoparticles enhanced the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films. 29103507 6 18 theme antibacterial 849:861 arg1 activities 863:872 antibacterial activities 849:872 antibacterial activities 849:872 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 2 19 theme BC 336:337 arg1 applicability 319:331 the applicability 315:331 the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications 315:374 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 29103507 1 20 theme film-forming 216:227 arg1 ability 229:235 excellent film-forming ability 206:235 excellent film-forming ability 206:235 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 0 21 theme antioxidant/antibacterial 17:41 arg1 activities 43:52 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities 0:52 activities 43:52 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 4 22 theme wettability 578:588 arg1 property 603:610 the wettability and swelling property 574:610 the wettability and swelling property of BC films 574:622 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 7 23 theme biological 1156:1165 arg1 activities 1167:1176 biological activities 1156:1176 biological activities 1156:1176 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 4 24 theme nanocomposites 673:686 arg1 formation 635:643 the formation 631:643 the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites 631:686 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 3 25 theme flavonoid 392:400 arg1 silymarin 402:410 flavonoid silymarin 392:410 flavonoid silymarin (SMN) 392:416 In this study, flavonoid silymarin (SMN) and zein were assembled into spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers. 29103507 3 25 theme flavonoid 392:400 arg1 SMN 413:415 SMN 413:415 SMN 413:415 In this study, flavonoid silymarin (SMN) and zein were assembled into spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers. 29103507 6 26 theme salmon 935:940 arg1 muscle 942:947 salmon muscle 935:947 salmon muscle 935:947 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 7 27 theme improved 1119:1126 arg1 properties 1141:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 4 28 theme nanoparticles/nanofibers 648:671 arg1 nanocomposites 673:686 nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites 648:686 nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites 648:686 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 4 29 theme swelling 594:601 arg1 property 603:610 the wettability and swelling property 574:610 the wettability and swelling property of BC films 574:622 SMN-Zein nanoparticles greatly changed the wettability and swelling property of BC films due to the formation of nanoparticles/nanofibers nanocomposites. 29103507 5 30 theme nanocomposite 773:785 arg1 films 787:791 the nanocomposite films 769:791 the nanocomposite films 769:791 SMN-Zein nanoparticles enhanced the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films. 29103507 3 31 theme SMN-Zein 457:464 arg1 nanoparticles 466:478 spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles 447:478 spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers 447:532 In this study, flavonoid silymarin (SMN) and zein were assembled into spherical SMN-Zein nanoparticles that could be effectively adsorbed onto BC nanofibers. 29103507 1 32 contain has 202:204 arg1 cellulose 142:150 Bacterial cellulose 132:150 Bacterial cellulose (BC) 132:155 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 1 32 contain has 202:204 arg2 ability 229:235 excellent film-forming ability 206:235 excellent film-forming ability 206:235 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 1 32 contain has 202:204 arg1 biopolymer 162:171 a biopolymer 160:171 a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability 160:235 Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer composed of nanofibers which has excellent film-forming ability. 29103507 7 33 theme BC 1105:1106 arg1 films 1108:1112 BC films 1105:1112 BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities 1105:1176 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 0 34 theme nanoparticle/bacterial 72:93 arg1 cellulose 95:103 silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose 57:103 silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose 57:103 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 7 35 theme drug 1128:1131 arg1 properties 1141:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 6 36 theme effective 823:831 arg1 antioxidant 833:843 more effective antioxidant 818:843 more effective antioxidant 818:843 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 0 37 theme silymarin-zein 57:70 arg1 cellulose 95:103 silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose 57:103 silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose 57:103 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 7 38 theme release 1133:1139 arg1 properties 1141:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 improved drug release properties 1119:1150 These findings suggest that the nanoparticle/nanofiber composites may offer a suitable platform for modification of BC films with improved drug release properties and biological activities. 29103507 2 39 theme biomedical 352:361 arg1 applications 363:374 food and biomedical applications 343:374 food and biomedical applications 343:374 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 29103507 5 40 theme soluble 746:752 arg1 silymarin 754:762 sparingly soluble silymarin 736:762 sparingly soluble silymarin 736:762 SMN-Zein nanoparticles enhanced the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films. 29103507 5 41 theme silymarin 754:762 arg1 release 725:731 the release 721:731 the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films 721:791 SMN-Zein nanoparticles enhanced the release of sparingly soluble silymarin from the nanocomposite films. 29103507 2 42 theme antioxidant 279:289 arg1 activity 291:298 antibacterial or antioxidant activity 262:298 antibacterial or antioxidant activity 262:298 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 29103507 2 43 theme food 343:346 arg1 applications 363:374 food and biomedical applications 343:374 food and biomedical applications 343:374 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 29103507 6 44 theme active 798:803 arg1 films 805:809 The active films 794:809 The active films 794:809 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 6 44 theme active 798:803 arg1 able 919:922 able 919:922 able 919:922 The active films showed more effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities as compared with pure BC films and thus were able to protect salmon muscle from deterioration and lipid oxidation. 29103507 0 45 theme cellulose 95:103 arg1 release 5:11 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities 0:52 release 5:11 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 0 45 theme cellulose 95:103 arg1 activities 43:52 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities 0:52 activities 43:52 Drug release and antioxidant/antibacterial activities of silymarin-zein nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose nanofiber composite films. 29103507 2 46 theme antibacterial 262:274 arg1 activity 291:298 antibacterial or antioxidant activity 262:298 antibacterial or antioxidant activity 262:298 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 29103507 2 47 contain have 257:260 arg2 activity 291:298 antibacterial or antioxidant activity 262:298 antibacterial or antioxidant activity 262:298 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 29103507 2 47 contain have 257:260 arg1 BC 247:248 BC 247:248 BC 247:248 However, BC do not have antibacterial or antioxidant activity, thus limiting the applicability of BC for food and biomedical applications. 28257118 6 0 from reductions 769:778 arg1 NYM 799:801 NYM 799:801 NYM 799:801 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 6 0 from reductions 769:778 arg1 TNM 787:789 TNM 787:789 TNM 787:789 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 6 0 from reductions 769:778 arg1 P 792:792 P 792:792 P 792:792 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 2 1 theme cellulase 366:374 arg1 concentrations 376:389 various cellulase concentrations 358:389 various cellulase concentrations 358:389 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 0 2 theme Quality 92:98 arg1 Preservation 71:82 Improved Preservation 62:82 Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage 62:113 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings Containing Cellulase for Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage. 28257118 9 3 from preservation 1144:1155 arg1 industry 1173:1180 industry 1173:1180 industry 1173:1180 Overall, this study provides a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry. 28257118 2 4 theme various 358:364 arg1 concentrations 376:389 various cellulase concentrations 358:389 various cellulase concentrations 358:389 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 2 5 theme hydroxypropyl 325:337 arg1 methylcellulose 339:353 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 325:353 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 325:353 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 7 6 theme colour 970:975 arg1 stability 949:957 the stability 945:957 the stability of the red colour 945:975 The enzyme addition improved the stability of the red colour. 28257118 8 7 from inclusion 1028:1036 arg1 material 1066:1073 the coating material 1054:1073 the coating material 1054:1073 Significant reduction in TBARS was noted with the inclusion of cellulase in the coating material. 28257118 3 8 theme Uncoated 443:450 arg1 meat 452:455 Uncoated meat 443:455 Uncoated meat 443:455 Uncoated meat served as the controls. 28257118 3 8 theme Uncoated 443:450 arg1 controls 471:478 the controls 467:478 the controls 467:478 Uncoated meat served as the controls. 28257118 4 9 theme water 513:517 arg1 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 9 theme water 513:517 arg1 activity 519:526 water activity 513:526 water activity (aw) 513:531 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 5 10 theme pH 689:690 arg1 values 699:704 The pH and aw values 685:704 values 699:704 The pH and aw values varied from 5.42 to 5.54 and 0.919 to 0.926, respectively. 28257118 6 11 theme log 869:871 arg1 cycles 873:878 1.46 log cycles 864:878 1.46 log cycles 864:878 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 7 12 theme red 966:968 arg1 colour 970:975 the red colour 962:975 the red colour 962:975 The enzyme addition improved the stability of the red colour. 28257118 8 13 from reduction 990:998 arg1 TBARS 1003:1007 TBARS 1003:1007 TBARS 1003:1007 Significant reduction in TBARS was noted with the inclusion of cellulase in the coating material. 28257118 2 14 theme meat 261:264 arg1 samples 266:272 nine meat samples 256:272 nine meat samples 256:272 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 1 15 theme edible 181:186 arg1 coatings 193:200 edible food coatings 181:200 edible food coatings 181:200 The objectives of this study were to optimize the composition of edible food coatings and to extend the shelf-life of pork meat. 28257118 0 16 theme Edible 21:26 arg1 Coatings 28:35 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings 0:35 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings 0:35 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings Containing Cellulase for Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage. 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 number 591:596 number 591:596 number of yeast and molds (NYM) 591:621 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 activity 519:526 water activity 513:526 water activity (aw) 513:531 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 number 540:545 total number 534:545 total number of microorganisms (TNM) 534:569 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 psychrotrophs 572:584 psychrotrophs 572:584 psychrotrophs (P) 572:588 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 colour 624:629 colour 624:629 colour 624:629 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 P 587:587 P 587:587 P 587:587 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 substances 665:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 636:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) 636:682 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 17 theme molds 611:615 arg1 pH 509:510 pH 509:510 pH 509:510 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 1 18 theme food 188:191 arg1 coatings 193:200 edible food coatings 181:200 edible food coatings 181:200 The objectives of this study were to optimize the composition of edible food coatings and to extend the shelf-life of pork meat. 28257118 0 19 theme Polysaccharide-Based 0:19 arg1 Coatings 28:35 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings 0:35 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings 0:35 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings Containing Cellulase for Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage. 28257118 1 20 theme coatings 193:200 arg1 composition 166:176 the composition 162:176 the composition of edible food coatings 162:200 The objectives of this study were to optimize the composition of edible food coatings and to extend the shelf-life of pork meat. 28257118 6 21 theme log 852:854 arg1 reductions 769:778 The reductions 765:778 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage 765:826 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 6 21 theme log 852:854 arg1 cycles 856:861 approximately 2.71 log cycles 833:861 approximately 2.71 log cycles 833:861 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 9 22 theme promising 1107:1115 arg1 method 1129:1134 a promising alternative method 1105:1134 a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry 1105:1180 Overall, this study provides a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry. 28257118 5 23 dep 5.54 726:729 arg1 to 723:724 to 723:724 to 723:724 The pH and aw values varied from 5.42 to 5.54 and 0.919 to 0.926, respectively. 28257118 4 24 theme total 534:538 arg1 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 24 theme total 534:538 arg1 number 540:545 total number 534:545 total number of microorganisms (TNM) 534:569 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 7 25 theme enzyme 920:925 arg1 addition 927:934 The enzyme addition 916:934 The enzyme addition 916:934 The enzyme addition improved the stability of the red colour. 28257118 9 26 theme alternative 1117:1127 arg1 method 1129:1134 a promising alternative method 1105:1134 a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry 1105:1180 Overall, this study provides a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry. 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 number 591:596 number 591:596 number of yeast and molds (NYM) 591:621 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 activity 519:526 water activity 513:526 water activity (aw) 513:531 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 number 540:545 total number 534:545 total number of microorganisms (TNM) 534:569 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 psychrotrophs 572:584 psychrotrophs 572:584 psychrotrophs (P) 572:588 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 colour 624:629 colour 624:629 colour 624:629 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 P 587:587 P 587:587 P 587:587 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 substances 665:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 636:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) 636:682 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 27 theme microorganisms 550:563 arg1 pH 509:510 pH 509:510 pH 509:510 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 8 28 theme Significant 978:988 arg1 reduction 990:998 Significant reduction 978:998 Significant reduction in TBARS 978:1007 Significant reduction in TBARS was noted with the inclusion of cellulase in the coating material. 28257118 9 29 theme meat 1165:1168 arg1 preservation 1144:1155 the preservation 1140:1155 the preservation of pork meat in industry 1140:1180 Overall, this study provides a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry. 28257118 5 30 theme aw 696:697 arg1 values 699:704 The pH and aw values 685:704 values 699:704 The pH and aw values varied from 5.42 to 5.54 and 0.919 to 0.926, respectively. 28257118 8 31 theme coating 1058:1064 arg1 material 1066:1073 the coating material 1054:1073 the coating material 1054:1073 Significant reduction in TBARS was noted with the inclusion of cellulase in the coating material. 28257118 0 32 theme Improved 62:69 arg1 Preservation 71:82 Improved Preservation 62:82 Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage 62:113 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings Containing Cellulase for Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage. 28257118 2 33 contain containing 301:310 arg2 chitosan 312:319 chitosan 312:319 chitosan 312:319 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 2 33 contain containing 301:310 arg1 solutions 291:299 solutions 291:299 solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations 291:389 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 2 33 contain containing 301:310 arg2 methylcellulose 339:353 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 325:353 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 325:353 Initially, nine meat samples were coated with solutions containing chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose at various cellulase concentrations: 0%, 0.05%, and 0.1%, stored for 0, 7, and 14 days. 28257118 9 34 theme pork 1160:1163 arg1 meat 1165:1168 pork meat 1160:1168 pork meat 1160:1168 Overall, this study provides a promising alternative method for the preservation of pork meat in industry. 28257118 6 35 dep TNM 787:789 arg1 the 783:785 the 783:785 the 783:785 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 4 36 theme thiobarbituric 636:649 arg1 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 36 theme thiobarbituric 636:649 arg1 substances 665:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 636:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) 636:682 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 number 591:596 number 591:596 number of yeast and molds (NYM) 591:621 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 activity 519:526 water activity 513:526 water activity (aw) 513:531 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 number 540:545 total number 534:545 total number of microorganisms (TNM) 534:569 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 aw 529:530 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 psychrotrophs 572:584 psychrotrophs 572:584 psychrotrophs (P) 572:588 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 colour 624:629 colour 624:629 colour 624:629 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 P 587:587 P 587:587 P 587:587 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 substances 665:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 636:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) 636:682 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 TNM 566:568 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 37 theme yeast 601:605 arg1 pH 509:510 pH 509:510 pH 509:510 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 6 38 theme storage 820:826 arg1 days 812:815 14 days 809:815 14 days of storage 809:826 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 5 39 dep 0.926 744:748 arg1 to 741:742 to 741:742 to 741:742 The pH and aw values varied from 5.42 to 5.54 and 0.919 to 0.926, respectively. 28257118 6 40 theme log 890:892 arg1 cycles 894:899 0.78 log cycles 885:899 0.78 log cycles 885:899 The reductions in the TNM, P, and NYM after 14 days of storage were approximately 2.71 log cycles, 1.46 log cycles, and 0.78 log cycles, respectively. 28257118 1 41 theme study 139:143 arg1 objectives 120:129 The objectives 116:129 The objectives of this study 116:143 The objectives of this study were to optimize the composition of edible food coatings and to extend the shelf-life of pork meat. 28257118 0 42 theme Meat 87:90 arg1 Quality 92:98 Meat Quality 87:98 Meat Quality 87:98 Polysaccharide-Based Edible Coatings Containing Cellulase for Improved Preservation of Meat Quality during Storage. 28257118 8 43 theme cellulase 1041:1049 arg1 inclusion 1028:1036 the inclusion 1024:1036 the inclusion of cellulase in the coating material 1024:1073 Significant reduction in TBARS was noted with the inclusion of cellulase in the coating material. 28257118 1 44 theme pork 234:237 arg1 meat 239:242 pork meat 234:242 pork meat 234:242 The objectives of this study were to optimize the composition of edible food coatings and to extend the shelf-life of pork meat. 28257118 4 45 theme acid-reactive 651:663 arg1 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 TBARS 677:681 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 4 45 theme acid-reactive 651:663 arg1 substances 665:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 636:674 thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) 636:682 The samples were tested for pH, water activity (aw), total number of microorganisms (TNM), psychrotrophs (P), number of yeast and molds (NYM), colour, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). 28257118 1 46 theme meat 239:242 arg1 shelf-life 220:229 the shelf-life 216:229 the shelf-life of pork meat 216:242 The objectives of this study were to optimize the composition of edible food coatings and to extend the shelf-life of pork meat. 26054045 8 0 theme Waals 1142:1146 arg1 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 8 0 theme Waals 1142:1146 arg1 forces 1148:1153 The strong van der Waals forces 1123:1153 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril 1123:1204 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 8 1 theme LCC 1256:1258 arg1 microfibrils 1274:1285 LCC and cellulose microfibrils 1256:1285 microfibrils 1274:1285 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 2 2 from microfibrils 273:284 arg1 matrix 291:296 a matrix 289:296 a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 289:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 8 3 theme der 1138:1140 arg1 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 8 3 theme der 1138:1140 arg1 forces 1148:1153 The strong van der Waals forces 1123:1153 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril 1123:1204 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 0 4 from Origin 10:15 arg1 Fibrils 53:59 Bamboo Fibrils 46:59 Bamboo Fibrils 46:59 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils. 26054045 2 5 theme lignin 331:336 arg1 matrix 291:296 a matrix 289:296 a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 289:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 9 6 from interfaces 1375:1384 arg1 fibrils 1396:1402 bamboo fibrils 1389:1402 bamboo fibrils 1389:1402 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 1 7 contain has 92:94 arg1 Bamboo 62:67 Bamboo 62:67 Bamboo 62:67 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 1 7 contain has 92:94 arg1 grass 85:89 a fast-growing grass 70:89 a fast-growing grass 70:89 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 1 7 contain has 92:94 arg2 ratio 124:128 a higher strength-to-weight ratio 96:128 a higher strength-to-weight ratio 96:128 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 2 8 theme cellulose 263:271 arg1 microfibrils 273:284 cellulose microfibrils 263:284 cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 263:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 7 9 theme LCC 1118:1120 arg1 behavior 1106:1113 the mechanical behavior 1091:1113 the mechanical behavior of LCC 1091:1120 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 3 10 from materials 497:505 arg1 fibers 517:522 bamboo fibers 510:522 bamboo fibers 510:522 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 3 11 used used 394:397 arg2 we 386:387 we 386:387 we 386:387 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 4 12 theme molecular 558:566 arg1 models 568:573 molecular models 558:573 molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 558:617 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 6 13 theme mechanical 872:881 arg1 properties 883:892 stronger mechanical properties 863:892 stronger mechanical properties 863:892 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 7 14 theme mechanical 1095:1104 arg1 behavior 1106:1113 the mechanical behavior 1091:1113 the mechanical behavior of LCC 1091:1120 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 8 15 theme strong 1127:1132 arg1 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 8 15 theme strong 1127:1132 arg1 forces 1148:1153 The strong van der Waals forces 1123:1153 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril 1123:1204 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 3 16 theme bamboo 510:515 arg1 fibers 517:522 bamboo fibers 510:522 bamboo fibers 510:522 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 8 17 theme lignin 1163:1168 arg1 molecules 1170:1178 lignin molecules 1163:1178 lignin molecules 1163:1178 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 6 18 theme stronger 863:870 arg1 properties 883:892 stronger mechanical properties 863:892 stronger mechanical properties 863:892 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 10 19 theme fibril 1431:1436 arg1 strength 1438:1445 the fibril strength 1427:1445 the fibril strength 1427:1445 Hence, they determine the fibril strength. 26054045 3 20 dep interactions 472:483 arg1 adhesive 463:470 adhesive 463:470 adhesive 463:470 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 8 21 theme cellulose 1184:1192 arg1 microfibril 1194:1204 cellulose microfibril 1184:1204 cellulose microfibril 1184:1204 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 9 22 dep found 1296:1300 arg1 out 1302:1304 out 1302:1304 out 1302:1304 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 8 23 theme van 1134:1136 arg1 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 responsible 1209:1219 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 8 23 theme van 1134:1136 arg1 forces 1148:1153 The strong van der Waals forces 1123:1153 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril 1123:1204 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 4 24 theme microfibril 711:721 arg1 faces 723:727 cellulose microfibril faces 701:727 cellulose microfibril faces 701:727 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 9 25 theme amorphous 1315:1323 arg1 interfaces 1375:1384 the weakest interfaces 1363:1384 the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils 1363:1402 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 9 25 theme amorphous 1315:1323 arg1 regions 1325:1331 the amorphous regions 1311:1331 the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils 1311:1357 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 0 26 theme Molecular 0:8 arg1 Origin 10:15 Molecular Origin 0:15 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils 0:59 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils. 26054045 9 27 theme cellulose 1336:1344 arg1 microfibrils 1346:1357 cellulose microfibrils 1336:1357 cellulose microfibrils 1336:1357 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 1 28 theme fast-growing 72:83 arg1 Bamboo 62:67 Bamboo 62:67 Bamboo 62:67 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 1 28 theme fast-growing 72:83 arg1 grass 85:89 a fast-growing grass 70:89 a fast-growing grass 70:89 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 3 29 theme atomistic 399:407 arg1 simulations 409:419 atomistic simulations 399:419 atomistic simulations 399:419 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 0 30 theme Strength 20:27 arg1 Origin 10:15 Molecular Origin 0:15 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils 0:59 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils. 26054045 5 31 theme experimental 793:804 arg1 data 806:809 experimental data 793:809 experimental data 793:809 Good agreement was observed between the simulation results and experimental data. 26054045 3 32 theme mechanical 434:443 arg1 properties 445:454 the mechanical properties 430:454 the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers 430:522 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 4 33 theme cellulose 701:709 arg1 faces 723:727 cellulose microfibril faces 701:727 cellulose microfibril faces 701:727 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 2 34 theme unique 159:164 arg1 properties 166:175 The unique properties 155:175 The unique properties of bamboo 155:185 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 4 35 theme adhesion 655:662 arg1 energies 664:671 the adhesion energies 651:671 the adhesion energies 651:671 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 8 36 theme cellulose 1264:1272 arg1 microfibrils 1274:1285 LCC and cellulose microfibrils 1256:1285 microfibrils 1274:1285 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 0 37 theme Stiffness 33:41 arg1 Origin 10:15 Molecular Origin 0:15 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils 0:59 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils. 26054045 3 38 theme interactions 472:483 arg1 properties 445:454 the mechanical properties 430:454 the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers 430:522 Here, we have used atomistic simulations to study the mechanical properties of and adhesive interactions between the materials in bamboo fibers. 26054045 6 39 theme hemicellulose 839:851 arg1 model 853:857 the hemicellulose model 835:857 the hemicellulose model 835:857 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 2 40 theme composite 209:217 arg1 structure 219:227 the natural composite structure 197:227 the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 197:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 4 41 theme elastic 632:638 arg1 moduli 640:645 the elastic moduli 628:645 the elastic moduli 628:645 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 7 42 from abundance 1010:1018 arg1 chains 1055:1060 hemicellulose chains 1041:1060 hemicellulose chains 1041:1060 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 9 43 theme weakest 1367:1373 arg1 interfaces 1375:1384 the weakest interfaces 1363:1384 the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils 1363:1402 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 9 43 theme weakest 1367:1373 arg1 regions 1325:1331 the amorphous regions 1311:1331 the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils 1311:1357 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 2 44 theme natural 201:207 arg1 structure 219:227 the natural composite structure 197:227 the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 197:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 4 45 theme structures 608:617 arg1 models 568:573 molecular models 558:573 molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 558:617 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 0 46 theme Bamboo 46:51 arg1 Fibrils 53:59 Bamboo Fibrils 46:59 Bamboo Fibrils 46:59 Molecular Origin of Strength and Stiffness in Bamboo Fibrils. 26054045 6 47 theme cellulose 958:966 arg1 microfibrils 968:979 cellulose microfibrils 958:979 cellulose microfibrils 958:979 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 6 48 contain has 859:861 arg2 properties 883:892 stronger mechanical properties 863:892 stronger mechanical properties 863:892 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 6 48 contain has 859:861 arg1 model 853:857 the hemicellulose model 835:857 the hemicellulose model 835:857 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 8 49 theme higher 1225:1230 arg1 energy 1241:1246 higher adhesion energy 1225:1246 higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils 1225:1285 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 6 50 theme greater 928:934 arg1 tendency 936:943 greater tendency 928:943 greater tendency 928:943 It was also shown that the hemicellulose model has stronger mechanical properties than lignin while lignin exhibits greater tendency to adhere to cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 7 51 theme hemicellulose 1041:1053 arg1 chains 1055:1060 hemicellulose chains 1041:1060 hemicellulose chains 1041:1060 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 2 52 theme hemicellulose 313:325 arg1 matrix 291:296 a matrix 289:296 a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 289:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 9 53 theme bamboo 1389:1394 arg1 fibrils 1396:1402 bamboo fibrils 1389:1402 bamboo fibrils 1389:1402 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 7 54 theme hydrogen 1023:1030 arg1 bonds 1032:1036 hydrogen bonds 1023:1036 hydrogen bonds 1023:1036 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 2 55 theme bamboo 180:185 arg1 properties 166:175 The unique properties 155:175 The unique properties of bamboo 155:185 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 1 56 theme higher 98:103 arg1 ratio 124:128 a higher strength-to-weight ratio 96:128 a higher strength-to-weight ratio 96:128 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 4 57 theme lignin 578:583 arg1 structures 608:617 lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 578:617 lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 578:617 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 7 58 theme bonds 1032:1036 arg1 responsible 1065:1075 responsible 1065:1075 responsible 1065:1075 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 7 58 theme bonds 1032:1036 arg1 abundance 1010:1018 the abundance 1006:1018 the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains 1006:1060 The study suggests that the abundance of hydrogen bonds in hemicellulose chains is responsible for improving the mechanical behavior of LCC. 26054045 2 59 theme fibers 232:237 arg1 structure 219:227 the natural composite structure 197:227 the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 197:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 9 60 theme microfibrils 1346:1357 arg1 interfaces 1375:1384 the weakest interfaces 1363:1384 the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils 1363:1402 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 9 60 theme microfibrils 1346:1357 arg1 regions 1325:1331 the amorphous regions 1311:1331 the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils 1311:1357 We also found out that the amorphous regions of cellulose microfibrils are the weakest interfaces in bamboo fibrils. 26054045 1 61 theme strength-to-weight 105:122 arg1 ratio 124:128 a higher strength-to-weight ratio 96:128 a higher strength-to-weight ratio 96:128 Bamboo, a fast-growing grass, has a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel and concrete. 26054045 8 62 theme adhesion 1232:1239 arg1 energy 1241:1246 higher adhesion energy 1225:1246 higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils 1225:1285 The strong van der Waals forces between lignin molecules and cellulose microfibril is responsible for higher adhesion energy between LCC and cellulose microfibrils. 26054045 2 63 theme intertwined 301:311 arg1 hemicellulose 313:325 intertwined hemicellulose 301:325 intertwined hemicellulose 301:325 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 5 64 theme Good 730:733 arg1 agreement 735:743 Good agreement 730:743 Good agreement 730:743 Good agreement was observed between the simulation results and experimental data. 26054045 4 65 theme LCC 604:606 arg1 structures 608:617 lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 578:617 lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 578:617 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 4 66 theme hemicellulose 586:598 arg1 structures 608:617 lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 578:617 lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures 578:617 With this aim, we have developed molecular models of lignin, hemicellulose and LCC structures to study the elastic moduli and the adhesion energies between these materials and cellulose microfibril faces. 26054045 5 67 theme simulation 770:779 arg1 results 781:787 the simulation results 766:787 the simulation results 766:787 Good agreement was observed between the simulation results and experimental data. 26054045 2 68 theme lignin-carbohydrate 345:363 arg1 LCC 374:376 LCC 374:376 LCC 374:376 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 26054045 2 68 theme lignin-carbohydrate 345:363 arg1 complex 365:371 lignin-carbohydrate complex 345:371 lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) 345:377 The unique properties of bamboo come from the natural composite structure of fibers that consists mainly of cellulose microfibrils in a matrix of intertwined hemicellulose and lignin called lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). 27847237 4 0 dep % 776:776 arg1 yields 809:814 cellulose conversion yields 788:814 cellulose conversion yields 788:814 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 6 1 theme Structural 1016:1025 arg1 differences 1027:1037 Structural differences 1016:1037 Structural differences 1016:1037 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 0 2 from Effects 104:110 arg1 hydrolysis 125:134 enzymatic hydrolysis 115:134 enzymatic hydrolysis 115:134 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 0 2 from Effects 104:110 arg1 generation 147:156 second generation 140:156 second generation 140:156 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 2 3 used used 375:378 arg2 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 3 used used 375:378 arg2 methods 396:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 3 used used 375:378 arg2 acid 335:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 3 used used 375:378 arg2 explosion 360:368 steam explosion 354:368 steam explosion 354:368 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 0 4 dep hydrolysis 125:134 arg1 production 166:175 ethanol production 158:175 ethanol production 158:175 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 5 5 theme 14.71g/L 939:946 arg1 production 912:921 Maximum ethanol production 896:921 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L 896:946 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L were achieved from P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica respectively. 27847237 3 6 theme ficus-indica 570:581 arg1 removal 590:596 O. ficus-indica lignin removal 567:596 O. ficus-indica lignin removal 567:596 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 1 7 theme sugar 287:291 arg1 generation 293:302 sugar generation 287:302 sugar generation 287:302 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 4 8 theme high 755:758 arg1 efficiency 760:769 high efficiency 755:769 high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) 755:854 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 5 9 theme Maximum 896:902 arg1 production 912:921 Maximum ethanol production 896:921 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L 896:946 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L were achieved from P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica respectively. 27847237 6 10 theme fermented 1116:1124 arg1 samples 1126:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 0 11 theme enzymatic 115:123 arg1 hydrolysis 125:134 enzymatic hydrolysis 115:134 enzymatic hydrolysis 115:134 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 5 12 theme 15.75g/L 926:933 arg1 production 912:921 Maximum ethanol production 896:921 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L 896:946 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L were achieved from P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica respectively. 27847237 1 13 theme different 182:190 arg1 substrate 264:272 substrate 264:272 substrate 264:272 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 1 13 theme different 182:190 arg1 plants 192:197 Two different plants 178:197 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica 178:249 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 5 14 theme ethanol 904:910 arg1 production 912:921 Maximum ethanol production 896:921 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L 896:946 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L were achieved from P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica respectively. 27847237 5 15 theme O. 986:987 arg1 ficus-indica 989:1000 P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica 967:1000 ficus-indica 989:1000 Maximum ethanol production of 15.75g/L and 14.71g/L were achieved from P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica respectively. 27847237 4 16 dep O. 839:840 arg1 ficus-indica 842:853 O. ficus-indica 839:853 O. ficus-indica 839:853 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 6 17 theme untreated 1078:1086 arg1 samples 1126:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 6 18 theme compositional 1166:1178 arg1 results 1189:1195 compositional analysis results 1166:1195 compositional analysis results 1166:1195 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 3 19 theme cellulose 659:667 arg1 yields 678:683 cellulose recovery yields 659:683 cellulose recovery yields 659:683 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 3 20 theme lignin 583:588 arg1 removal 590:596 O. ficus-indica lignin removal 567:596 O. ficus-indica lignin removal 567:596 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 6 21 theme pretreated 1089:1098 arg1 samples 1126:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 0 22 theme Compositional 0:12 arg1 changes 29:35 Compositional and structural changes 0:35 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 0:176 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 4 23 theme Pretreated 700:709 arg1 materials 711:719 Pretreated materials 700:719 Pretreated materials 700:719 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 4 23 theme Pretreated 700:709 arg1 substrate 868:876 substrate 868:876 substrate for fermentation 868:893 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 1 24 theme ethanol 308:314 arg1 production 316:325 ethanol production 308:325 ethanol production 308:325 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 3 25 theme O. 567:568 arg1 removal 590:596 O. ficus-indica lignin removal 567:596 O. ficus-indica lignin removal 567:596 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 0 26 theme structural 18:27 arg1 changes 29:35 Compositional and structural changes 0:35 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 0:176 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 4 27 used used 860:863 arg2 substrate 868:876 substrate 868:876 substrate for fermentation 868:893 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 4 27 used used 860:863 arg2 materials 711:719 Pretreated materials 700:719 Pretreated materials 700:719 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 3 28 theme O. 643:644 arg1 ficus-indica 646:657 O. ficus-indica 643:657 O. ficus-indica 643:657 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 2 29 theme Dilute 328:333 arg1 explosion 360:368 steam explosion 354:368 steam explosion 354:368 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 29 theme Dilute 328:333 arg1 acid 335:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 29 theme Dilute 328:333 arg1 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 29 theme Dilute 328:333 arg1 methods 396:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 3 30 with pretreatment 498:509 arg1 % 561:561 74.61% 556:561 74.61% 556:561 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 3 30 with pretreatment 498:509 arg1 % 607:607 81.84% 602:607 81.84% 602:607 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 3 30 with pretreatment 498:509 arg1 % 637:637 72.66% 632:637 72.66% 632:637 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 3 30 with pretreatment 498:509 arg1 % 531:531 2.5% NaOH 71.08% 516:531 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis 516:550 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 0 31 theme second 140:145 arg1 generation 147:156 second generation 140:156 second generation 140:156 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 1 32 dep Phoenix 206:212 arg1 canariensis 214:224 Phoenix canariensis 206:224 Phoenix canariensis 206:224 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 0 33 with changes 29:35 arg1 pretreatment 90:101 pretreatment 90:101 pretreatment 90:101 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 3 34 theme alkaline 489:496 arg1 pretreatment 498:509 alkaline pretreatment 489:509 alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica 489:657 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 6 35 theme hydrolyzed 1101:1110 arg1 samples 1126:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples 1078:1132 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 3 36 theme NaOH 521:524 arg1 % 531:531 2.5% NaOH 71.08% 516:531 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis 516:550 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 0 37 theme ethanol 158:164 arg1 production 166:175 ethanol production 158:175 ethanol production 158:175 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 1 38 dep plants 192:197 arg1 Phoenix 206:212 Phoenix 206:212 Phoenix 206:212 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 1 38 dep plants 192:197 arg1 ficus-indica 238:249 Opuntia ficus-indica 230:249 Opuntia ficus-indica 230:249 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 4 39 dep efficiency 760:769 arg1 % 776:776 87.0% 772:776 87.0% 772:776 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 4 39 dep efficiency 760:769 arg1 % 786:786 84.5% 782:786 84.5% 782:786 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 4 40 theme cellulose 788:796 arg1 yields 809:814 cellulose conversion yields 788:814 cellulose conversion yields 788:814 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 0 41 dep changes 29:35 arg1 Effects 104:110 Effects 104:110 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 0:176 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 2 42 theme steam 354:358 arg1 explosion 360:368 steam explosion 354:368 steam explosion 354:368 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 42 theme steam 354:358 arg1 acid 335:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 42 theme steam 354:358 arg1 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 42 theme steam 354:358 arg1 methods 396:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 6 43 theme analysis 1180:1187 arg1 results 1189:1195 compositional analysis results 1166:1195 compositional analysis results 1166:1195 Structural differences were observed by XRD, FTIR and SEM for untreated, pretreated, hydrolyzed and fermented samples and were highly correlated with compositional analysis results. 27847237 1 44 used used 256:259 arg2 substrate 264:272 substrate 264:272 substrate 264:272 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 1 44 used used 256:259 arg2 plants 192:197 Two different plants 178:197 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica 178:249 Two different plants namely Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica were used as substrate for reducing sugar generation and ethanol production. 27847237 3 45 theme % 519:519 arg1 % 531:531 2.5% NaOH 71.08% 516:531 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis 516:550 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 4 46 with cellulase 740:748 arg1 efficiency 760:769 high efficiency 755:769 high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) 755:854 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 3 47 theme recovery 669:676 arg1 yields 678:683 cellulose recovery yields 659:683 cellulose recovery yields 659:683 By using alkaline pretreatment with 2.5% NaOH 71.08% for P. canariensis and 74.61% for O. ficus-indica lignin removal and 81.84% for P. canariensis and 72.66% for O. ficus-indica cellulose recovery yields were obtained. 27847237 0 48 from changes 29:35 arg1 canariensis 48:58 canariensis 48:58 canariensis 48:58 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 0 48 from changes 29:35 arg1 ficus-indica 72:83 Opuntia ficus-indica 64:83 Opuntia ficus-indica 64:83 Compositional and structural changes in Phoenix canariensis and Opuntia ficus-indica with pretreatment: Effects on enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation ethanol production. 27847237 4 49 theme conversion 798:807 arg1 yields 809:814 cellulose conversion yields 788:814 cellulose conversion yields 788:814 Pretreated materials were hydrolyzed by cellulase with high efficiency (87.0% and 84.5% cellulose conversion yields for P. canariensis and O. ficus-indica) and used as substrate for fermentation. 27847237 2 50 theme pretreatment 383:394 arg1 explosion 360:368 steam explosion 354:368 steam explosion 354:368 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 50 theme pretreatment 383:394 arg1 acid 335:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid 328:338 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 50 theme pretreatment 383:394 arg1 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 alkaline 341:348 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 27847237 2 50 theme pretreatment 383:394 arg1 methods 396:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 pretreatment methods 383:402 Dilute acid, alkaline and steam explosion were used as pretreatment methods in order to depolymerize lignin and/or hemicellulose and recover cellulose. 26453846 7 0 theme reinforcing 833:843 arg1 agent 845:849 a reinforcing agent 831:849 a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 831:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 7 0 theme reinforcing 833:843 arg1 NC 795:796 The NC 791:796 The NC obtained from MCC 791:814 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 7 1 theme biodegradable 874:886 arg1 films 899:903 biodegradable composites films 874:903 biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 874:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 7 2 theme composites 888:897 arg1 films 899:903 biodegradable composites films 874:903 biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 874:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 7 3 theme potential 915:923 arg1 use 925:927 their potential use 909:927 their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 909:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 3 4 theme 100-500nm 479:487 arg1 range 470:474 the range 466:474 the range of 100-500nm 466:487 The NC was well dispersed in distilled water after sonication and their size was in the range of 100-500nm. 26453846 4 5 theme NC 536:537 arg1 crystallinity 519:531 the crystallinity 515:531 the crystallinity of NC 515:537 The XRD results revealed the crystallinity of NC. 26453846 5 6 theme crystallinity 544:556 arg1 index 558:562 The crystallinity index 540:562 The crystallinity index of NC (0.71) 540:575 The crystallinity index of NC (0.71) was decreased compared to the MCC (0.81). 26453846 0 7 theme agar-based 111:120 arg1 films 132:136 agar-based composite films 111:136 agar-based composite films 111:136 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 7 8 theme materials 980:988 arg1 development 936:946 the development 932:946 the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 932:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 0 9 from cellulose 52:60 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 0:137 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 5 10 theme NC 567:568 arg1 index 558:562 The crystallinity index 540:562 The crystallinity index of NC (0.71) 540:575 The crystallinity index of NC (0.71) was decreased compared to the MCC (0.81). 26453846 6 11 theme vapor 710:714 arg1 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 11 theme vapor 710:714 arg1 permeability 716:727 water vapor permeability 704:727 water vapor permeability (WVP) 704:733 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 1 12 from effect 260:265 arg1 properties 286:295 the performance properties 270:295 the performance properties of agar-based composite films 270:325 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 0 13 dep performance 81:91 arg1 the 77:79 the 77:79 the 77:79 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 14 dep permeability 716:727 arg1 the 688:690 the 688:690 the 688:690 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 4 15 theme XRD 494:496 arg1 results 498:504 The XRD results 490:504 The XRD results 490:504 The XRD results revealed the crystallinity of NC. 26453846 7 16 theme films 899:903 arg1 preparation 859:869 the preparation 855:869 the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 855:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 7 17 theme packaging 970:978 arg1 materials 980:988 biodegradable food packaging materials 951:988 biodegradable food packaging materials 951:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 0 18 theme films 132:136 arg1 properties 97:106 properties 97:106 properties 97:106 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 0 18 theme films 132:136 arg1 performance 81:91 performance 81:91 performance 81:91 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 3 19 theme distilled 411:419 arg1 water 421:425 distilled water 411:425 distilled water 411:425 The NC was well dispersed in distilled water after sonication and their size was in the range of 100-500nm. 26453846 0 20 theme nanocellulose 15:27 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 0:137 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 0 21 theme composite 122:130 arg1 films 132:136 agar-based composite films 111:136 agar-based composite films 111:136 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 22 theme water 704:708 arg1 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 22 theme water 704:708 arg1 permeability 716:727 water vapor permeability 704:727 water vapor permeability (WVP) 704:733 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 7 23 theme biodegradable 951:963 arg1 materials 980:988 biodegradable food packaging materials 951:988 biodegradable food packaging materials 951:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 1 24 theme performance 274:284 arg1 properties 286:295 the performance properties 270:295 the performance properties of agar-based composite films 270:325 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 0 25 theme micro-crystalline 34:50 arg1 cellulose 52:60 micro-crystalline cellulose 34:60 micro-crystalline cellulose 34:60 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 26 theme composites 766:775 arg1 properties 748:757 thermal properties 740:757 thermal properties 740:757 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 26 theme composites 766:775 arg1 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 26 theme composites 766:775 arg1 permeability 716:727 water vapor permeability 704:727 water vapor permeability (WVP) 704:733 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 7 27 theme food 965:968 arg1 materials 980:988 biodegradable food packaging materials 951:988 biodegradable food packaging materials 951:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 6 28 theme mechanical 692:701 arg1 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 28 theme mechanical 692:701 arg1 permeability 716:727 water vapor permeability 704:727 water vapor permeability (WVP) 704:733 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 7 29 from use 925:927 arg1 development 936:946 the development 932:946 the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 932:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 0 30 from effect 67:72 arg1 properties 97:106 properties 97:106 properties 97:106 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 0 30 from effect 67:72 arg1 performance 81:91 performance 81:91 performance 81:91 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 1 31 theme agar-based 300:309 arg1 films 321:325 agar-based composite films 300:325 agar-based composite films 300:325 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 32 theme thermal 740:746 arg1 properties 748:757 thermal properties 740:757 thermal properties 740:757 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 33 theme content 643:649 arg1 effect 623:628 The effect 619:628 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites 619:775 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 1 34 theme composite 311:319 arg1 films 321:325 agar-based composite films 300:325 agar-based composite films 300:325 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 35 theme MCC 639:641 arg1 content 643:649 MCC content 639:649 MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) 639:683 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 1 36 theme micro-crystalline 211:227 arg1 MCC 240:242 MCC 240:242 MCC 240:242 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 1 36 theme micro-crystalline 211:227 arg1 cellulose 229:237 micro-crystalline cellulose 211:237 micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) 211:243 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 1 37 from cellulose 229:237 arg1 NC 202:203 NC 202:203 NC 202:203 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 1 37 from cellulose 229:237 arg1 nanocellulose 187:199 nanocellulose 187:199 nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) 187:243 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 38 theme NC 633:634 arg1 effect 623:628 The effect 619:628 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites 619:775 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 1 39 theme facile 141:146 arg1 approach 148:155 A facile approach 139:155 A facile approach 139:155 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 7 40 used used 823:826 arg2 NC 795:796 The NC 791:796 The NC obtained from MCC 791:814 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 7 40 used used 823:826 arg2 agent 845:849 a reinforcing agent 831:849 a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials 831:988 The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials. 26453846 1 41 theme films 321:325 arg1 properties 286:295 the performance properties 270:295 the performance properties of agar-based composite films 270:325 A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 0 42 dep Preparation 0:10 arg1 effect 67:72 The effect 63:72 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 0:137 Preparation of nanocellulose from micro-crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar-based composite films. 26453846 6 43 from effect 623:628 arg1 properties 748:757 thermal properties 740:757 thermal properties 740:757 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 43 from effect 623:628 arg1 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 WVP 730:732 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 43 from effect 623:628 arg1 permeability 716:727 water vapor permeability 704:727 water vapor permeability (WVP) 704:733 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 26453846 6 44 dep content 643:649 arg1 % 668:668 1, 3, 5 and 10wt% 652:668 1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar 652:682 The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP), and thermal properties of the composites were studied. 25465988 6 0 theme BSA 1084:1086 arg1 molecules 1088:1096 the BSA molecules 1080:1096 the BSA molecules 1080:1096 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 2 1 theme Molecular 366:374 arg1 characteristics 376:390 Molecular characteristics 366:390 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates 366:421 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 5 2 from particles 866:874 arg1 conjugates 883:892 the conjugates 879:892 the conjugates 879:892 AFM images and DLS results indicated that most particles in the conjugates were nano-structured and more spherical than those of a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture. 25465988 5 3 dep images 823:828 arg1 results 838:844 results 838:844 results 838:844 AFM images and DLS results indicated that most particles in the conjugates were nano-structured and more spherical than those of a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture. 25465988 6 4 dep intensity 997:1005 arg1 The 980:982 The 980:982 The 980:982 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 2 5 theme dichroism 551:559 arg1 spectroscopy 561:572 circular dichroism spectroscopy 542:572 circular dichroism spectroscopy 542:572 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 6 6 theme globule 1172:1178 arg1 state 1180:1184 a partially folded molten globule state 1146:1184 a partially folded molten globule state 1146:1184 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 2 7 theme light 487:491 arg1 DLS 505:507 DLS 505:507 DLS 505:507 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 2 7 theme light 487:491 arg1 scattering 493:502 dynamic light scattering 479:502 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 479:508 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 1 8 theme size-exclusion 329:342 arg1 SEC 360:362 SEC 360:362 SEC 360:362 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 8 theme size-exclusion 329:342 arg1 chromatography 344:357 size-exclusion chromatography 329:357 size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 329:363 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 6 9 theme molten 1165:1170 arg1 state 1180:1184 a partially folded molten globule state 1146:1184 a partially folded molten globule state 1146:1184 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 1 10 theme Maillard 165:172 arg1 reaction 174:181 the Maillard reaction 161:181 the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h) 161:224 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 2 11 theme dynamic 479:485 arg1 DLS 505:507 DLS 505:507 DLS 505:507 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 2 11 theme dynamic 479:485 arg1 scattering 493:502 dynamic light scattering 479:502 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 479:508 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 5 12 theme regular 950:956 arg1 mixture 971:977 a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture 948:977 a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture 948:977 AFM images and DLS results indicated that most particles in the conjugates were nano-structured and more spherical than those of a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture. 25465988 1 13 theme Bovine 97:102 arg1 BSA 119:121 BSA 119:121 BSA 119:121 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 13 theme Bovine 97:102 arg1 albumin 110:116 Bovine serum albumin 97:116 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates 97:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 6 14 theme maximum 1011:1017 arg1 emission 1019:1026 maximum emission wavelength 1011:1037 maximum emission wavelength 1011:1037 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 1 15 theme serum 104:108 arg1 BSA 119:121 BSA 119:121 BSA 119:121 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 15 theme serum 104:108 arg1 albumin 110:116 Bovine serum albumin 97:116 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates 97:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 6 16 theme conjugates 1046:1055 arg1 intensity 997:1005 fluorescence intensity 984:1005 fluorescence intensity 984:1005 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 6 16 theme conjugates 1046:1055 arg1 emission 1019:1026 maximum emission wavelength 1011:1037 maximum emission wavelength 1011:1037 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 0 17 theme serum 27:31 arg1 albumin-fucoidan 33:48 bovine serum albumin-fucoidan 20:48 bovine serum albumin-fucoidan 20:48 Characterisation of bovine serum albumin-fucoidan conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction. 25465988 4 18 theme fucoidan 708:715 arg1 mol 701:703 about 1.5-2.0 mol 687:703 about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan 687:715 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 2 19 theme fluorescence 511:522 arg1 spectroscopy 524:535 fluorescence spectroscopy 511:535 fluorescence spectroscopy 511:535 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 1 20 theme albumin 110:116 arg1 conjugates 133:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates 97:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates 97:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 2 21 theme BSA-fucoidan 399:410 arg1 conjugates 412:421 the BSA-fucoidan conjugates 395:421 the BSA-fucoidan conjugates 395:421 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 0 22 theme bovine 20:25 arg1 albumin-fucoidan 33:48 bovine serum albumin-fucoidan 20:48 bovine serum albumin-fucoidan 20:48 Characterisation of bovine serum albumin-fucoidan conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction. 25465988 4 23 attach linked 733:738 arg2 mol 701:703 about 1.5-2.0 mol 687:703 about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan 687:715 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 4 23 attach linked 733:738 arg1 mol 745:747 1 mol 743:747 1 mol of BSA 743:754 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 5 24 theme AFM 819:821 arg1 images 823:828 AFM images 819:828 AFM images 819:828 AFM images and DLS results indicated that most particles in the conjugates were nano-structured and more spherical than those of a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture. 25465988 0 25 theme albumin-fucoidan 33:48 arg1 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation 0:15 Characterisation of bovine serum albumin-fucoidan 0:48 Characterisation of bovine serum albumin-fucoidan conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction. 25465988 1 26 theme sodium 255:260 arg1 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 26 theme sodium 255:260 arg1 electrophoresis 298:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 255:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 255:323 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 2 27 theme force 455:459 arg1 AFM 473:475 AFM 473:475 AFM 473:475 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 2 27 theme force 455:459 arg1 microscopy 461:470 atomic force microscopy 448:470 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 448:476 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 3 28 theme SDS-PAGE 575:582 arg1 patterns 584:591 SDS-PAGE patterns 575:591 SDS-PAGE patterns 575:591 SDS-PAGE patterns provided evidence for the covalent bonding between BSA and fucoidan. 25465988 1 29 theme % 196:196 arg1 humidity 207:214 60 °C and 79% relative humidity 184:214 humidity 207:214 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 2 30 theme atomic 448:453 arg1 AFM 473:475 AFM 473:475 AFM 473:475 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 2 30 theme atomic 448:453 arg1 microscopy 461:470 atomic force microscopy 448:470 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 448:476 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 1 31 theme dodecyl 262:268 arg1 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 31 theme dodecyl 262:268 arg1 electrophoresis 298:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 255:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 255:323 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 2 32 theme circular 542:549 arg1 spectroscopy 561:572 circular dichroism spectroscopy 542:572 circular dichroism spectroscopy 542:572 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 3 33 theme covalent 619:626 arg1 bonding 628:634 the covalent bonding 615:634 the covalent bonding between BSA and fucoidan 615:659 SDS-PAGE patterns provided evidence for the covalent bonding between BSA and fucoidan. 25465988 0 34 dep conjugates 50:59 arg1 prepared 61:68 prepared 61:68 conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction 50:94 Characterisation of bovine serum albumin-fucoidan conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction. 25465988 6 35 theme ordered 1120:1126 arg1 conformation 1128:1139 an ordered conformation 1117:1139 an ordered conformation 1117:1139 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 1 36 theme sulphate-polyacrylamide 270:292 arg1 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 36 theme sulphate-polyacrylamide 270:292 arg1 electrophoresis 298:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 255:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 255:323 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 37 dep reaction 174:181 arg1 humidity 207:214 60 °C and 79% relative humidity 184:214 humidity 207:214 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 37 dep reaction 174:181 arg1 °C 187:188 60 °C and 79% relative humidity 184:214 °C 187:188 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 38 theme gel 294:296 arg1 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 SDS-PAGE 315:322 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 38 theme gel 294:296 arg1 electrophoresis 298:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 255:312 sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 255:323 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 5 39 theme BSA-fucoidan 958:969 arg1 mixture 971:977 a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture 948:977 a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture 948:977 AFM images and DLS results indicated that most particles in the conjugates were nano-structured and more spherical than those of a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture. 25465988 4 40 theme high-molecular-weight 770:790 arg1 compositions 792:803 high-molecular-weight compositions 770:803 high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates) 770:816 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 4 40 theme high-molecular-weight 770:790 arg1 conjugates 806:815 conjugates 806:815 conjugates 806:815 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 1 41 theme -fucoidan 123:131 arg1 conjugates 133:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates 97:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates 97:142 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 1 42 theme relative 198:205 arg1 humidity 207:214 60 °C and 79% relative humidity 184:214 humidity 207:214 Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fucoidan conjugates were prepared by the Maillard reaction (60 °C and 79% relative humidity for 96 h), and were then identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). 25465988 6 43 theme folded 1158:1163 arg1 state 1180:1184 a partially folded molten globule state 1146:1184 a partially folded molten globule state 1146:1184 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 25465988 4 44 theme BSA 752:754 arg1 mol 745:747 1 mol 743:747 1 mol of BSA 743:754 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 5 45 theme most 861:864 arg1 particles 866:874 most particles 861:874 most particles in the conjugates 861:892 AFM images and DLS results indicated that most particles in the conjugates were nano-structured and more spherical than those of a regular BSA-fucoidan mixture. 25465988 0 46 theme Maillard 78:85 arg1 reaction 87:94 the Maillard reaction 74:94 the Maillard reaction 74:94 Characterisation of bovine serum albumin-fucoidan conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction. 25465988 2 47 theme conjugates 412:421 arg1 characteristics 376:390 Molecular characteristics 366:390 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates 366:421 Molecular characteristics of the BSA-fucoidan conjugates were investigated, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. 25465988 4 48 theme SEC 662:664 arg1 profiles 666:673 SEC profiles 662:673 SEC profiles 662:673 SEC profiles showed that about 1.5-2.0 mol of fucoidan were covalently linked to 1 mol of BSA, resulting in high-molecular-weight compositions (conjugates). 25465988 6 49 theme fluorescence 984:995 arg1 intensity 997:1005 fluorescence intensity 984:1005 fluorescence intensity 984:1005 The fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the conjugates together revealed that the BSA molecules had converted from an ordered conformation into a partially folded molten globule state. 24962776 3 0 theme 6.5 g/L 738:744 arg1 content 720:726 a total monomeric content 702:726 a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L 702:744 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 1 1 theme enzymatic 172:180 arg1 pretreatments 214:226 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 172:226 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 172:226 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 7 2 theme CH4/g 1508:1512 arg1 VS/d 1514:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 2 theme CH4/g 1508:1512 arg1 pretreatment 1475:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1429:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1429:1518 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 3 theme production 1324:1333 arg1 rates 1335:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 0 4 from performance 12:22 arg1 production 94:103 methane production 86:103 methane production from ensiled sorghum 86:124 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 7 5 theme enzymatic 1433:1441 arg1 VS/d 1514:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 5 theme enzymatic 1433:1441 arg1 pretreatment 1475:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1429:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1429:1518 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 6 6 theme production 1154:1163 arg1 increase 1165:1172 a methane production increase 1144:1172 a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS) 1144:1198 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 6 7 dep sorghum 1231:1237 arg1 CH4/g 1247:1251 265 mL CH4/g 1240:1251 265 mL CH4/g 1240:1251 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 3 8 theme combined 506:513 arg1 trials 547:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 3 9 theme 12 731:732 arg1 content 720:726 a total monomeric content 702:726 a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L 702:744 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 4 10 dep 32  858:860 arg1 to 855:856 to 855:856 to 855:856 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 0 11 theme ensiled 110:116 arg1 sorghum 118:124 ensiled sorghum 110:124 ensiled sorghum 110:124 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 4 12 theme alkaline-enzymatic 802:819 arg1 pretreatment 821:832 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 789:832 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 789:832 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 1 13 from effect 162:167 arg1 composition 240:250 chemical composition 231:250 chemical composition 231:250 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 1 13 from effect 162:167 arg1 production 264:273 methane production 256:273 methane production 256:273 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 3 14 theme BGL 610:612 arg1 preparations 614:625 BGL preparations 610:625 BGL preparations 610:625 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 7 15 theme mL 1505:1506 arg1 VS/d 1514:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 15 theme mL 1505:1506 arg1 pretreatment 1475:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1429:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1429:1518 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 6 16 dep mL 1187:1188 arg1 362 1183:1185 362 1183:1185 362 1183:1185 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 6 16 dep mL 1187:1188 arg1 304 1175:1177 304 1175:1177 304 1175:1177 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 5 17 theme untreated 991:999 arg1 samples 1016:1022 both untreated and pretreated samples 986:1022 both untreated and pretreated samples 986:1022 BMP tests were performed on both untreated and pretreated samples, and time courses of methane production were fitted. 24962776 2 18 theme hydrolytic 430:439 arg1 effect 441:446 any hydrolytic effect 426:446 any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 426:496 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 1 19 theme combined 186:193 arg1 pretreatments 214:226 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 172:226 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 172:226 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 4 20 dep 56  890:892 arg1 to 887:888 to 887:888 to 887:888 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 4 21 theme hemicelluloses 868:881 arg1 solubilisation 896:909 hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation 868:909 hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation 868:909 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 2 22 theme enzymatic 320:328 arg1 preparations 330:341 Four commercial enzymatic preparations 304:341 Four commercial enzymatic preparations 304:341 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 1 23 theme alkaline-enzymatic 195:212 arg1 pretreatments 214:226 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 172:226 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 172:226 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 6 24 dep led 1137:1139 arg1 compared 1201:1208 compared 1201:1208 compared 1201:1208 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 6 25 theme mL 1244:1245 arg1 CH4/g 1247:1251 265 mL CH4/g 1240:1251 265 mL CH4/g 1240:1251 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 5 26 theme BMP 958:960 arg1 tests 962:966 BMP tests 958:966 BMP tests 958:966 BMP tests were performed on both untreated and pretreated samples, and time courses of methane production were fitted. 24962776 1 27 theme pretreatments 214:226 arg1 effect 162:167 the effect 158:167 the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage 158:301 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 0 28 theme Comparative 0:10 arg1 performance 12:22 Comparative performance 0:22 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum 0:124 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 6 29 theme 265 1240:1242 arg1 mL 1244:1245 mL 1244:1245 mL 1244:1245 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 5 30 theme production 1053:1062 arg1 courses 1034:1040 time courses 1029:1040 time courses of methane production 1029:1062 BMP tests were performed on both untreated and pretreated samples, and time courses of methane production were fitted. 24962776 7 31 theme combined 1447:1454 arg1 VS/d 1514:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 31 theme combined 1447:1454 arg1 pretreatment 1475:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1429:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1429:1518 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 32 theme CH4/g 1390:1394 arg1 VS/d 1396:1399 20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d 1381:1399 20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d 1381:1399 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 32 theme CH4/g 1390:1394 arg1 sorghum 1372:1378 untreated sorghum 1362:1378 untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1362:1400 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 0 33 theme enzymatic 27:35 arg1 pretreatments 69:81 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 27:81 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 27:81 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 7 34 theme higher 1300:1305 arg1 rates 1335:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 5 35 theme methane 1045:1051 arg1 production 1053:1062 methane production 1045:1062 methane production 1045:1062 BMP tests were performed on both untreated and pretreated samples, and time courses of methane production were fitted. 24962776 4 36 theme combined 793:800 arg1 pretreatment 821:832 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 789:832 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 789:832 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 5 37 theme time 1029:1032 arg1 courses 1034:1040 time courses 1029:1040 time courses of methane production 1029:1062 BMP tests were performed on both untreated and pretreated samples, and time courses of methane production were fitted. 24962776 1 38 theme chemical 231:238 arg1 composition 240:250 chemical composition 231:250 chemical composition 231:250 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 2 39 theme pretreated 479:488 arg1 samples 490:496 both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 451:496 both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 451:496 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 4 40 theme enzymatic 928:936 arg1 pretreatment 938:949 the enzymatic pretreatment 924:949 the enzymatic pretreatment alone 924:955 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 6 41 theme alkaline-enzymatic 1105:1122 arg1 pretreatment 1124:1135 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1077:1135 pretreatment 1124:1135 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 7 42 theme untreated 1362:1370 arg1 VS/d 1396:1399 20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d 1381:1399 20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d 1381:1399 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 42 theme untreated 1362:1370 arg1 sorghum 1372:1378 untreated sorghum 1362:1378 untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1362:1400 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 3 43 theme pretreatment 534:545 arg1 trials 547:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 0 44 theme combined 41:48 arg1 pretreatments 69:81 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 27:81 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 27:81 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 3 45 theme highest 559:565 arg1 release 573:579 the highest sugar release 555:579 the highest sugar release 555:579 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 1 46 dep sorghum 288:294 arg1 forage 296:301 forage 296:301 forage 296:301 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 3 47 theme concentration 645:657 arg1 0.12 659:662 a final concentration 0.12 637:662 a final concentration 0.12 637:662 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 7 48 theme alkaline-enzymatic 1456:1473 arg1 VS/d 1514:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d 1489:1517 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 48 theme alkaline-enzymatic 1456:1473 arg1 pretreatment 1475:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1429:1486 the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1429:1518 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 2 49 theme untreated 456:464 arg1 samples 490:496 both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 451:496 both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 451:496 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 6 50 theme combined 1096:1103 arg1 pretreatment 1124:1135 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment 1077:1135 pretreatment 1124:1135 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 3 51 located found 585:589 arg1 trials 547:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 3 51 located found 585:589 arg2 release 573:579 the highest sugar release 555:579 the highest sugar release 555:579 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 1 52 theme methane 256:262 arg1 production 264:273 methane production 256:273 methane production 256:273 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 0 53 theme pretreatments 69:81 arg1 performance 12:22 Comparative performance 0:22 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum 0:124 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 3 54 theme sugar 567:571 arg1 release 573:579 the highest sugar release 555:579 the highest sugar release 555:579 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 6 55 theme untreated 1221:1229 arg1 sorghum 1231:1237 untreated sorghum 1221:1237 untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS) 1221:1255 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 4 56 theme Fibre 747:751 arg1 analysis 765:772 Fibre composition analysis 747:772 Fibre composition analysis 747:772 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 0 57 theme alkaline-enzymatic 50:67 arg1 pretreatments 69:81 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 27:81 enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments 27:81 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 1 58 from sorghum 288:294 arg1 composition 240:250 chemical composition 231:250 chemical composition 231:250 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 1 58 from sorghum 288:294 arg1 production 264:273 methane production 256:273 methane production 256:273 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 3 59 theme monomeric 710:718 arg1 content 720:726 a total monomeric content 702:726 a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L 702:744 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 3 60 theme final 639:643 arg1 0.12 659:662 a final concentration 0.12 637:662 a final concentration 0.12 637:662 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 2 61 theme sugars 388:393 arg1 release 395:401 the highest sugars release 376:401 the highest sugars release 376:401 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 7 62 theme specific 1307:1314 arg1 rates 1335:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 5 63 theme pretreated 1005:1014 arg1 samples 1016:1022 both untreated and pretreated samples 986:1022 both untreated and pretreated samples 986:1022 BMP tests were performed on both untreated and pretreated samples, and time courses of methane production were fitted. 24962776 2 64 theme commercial 309:318 arg1 preparations 330:341 Four commercial enzymatic preparations 304:341 Four commercial enzymatic preparations 304:341 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 2 65 from effect 441:446 arg1 samples 490:496 both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 451:496 both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples 451:496 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 2 66 theme highest 380:386 arg1 release 395:401 the highest sugars release 376:401 the highest sugars release 376:401 Four commercial enzymatic preparations were tested and the two yielding the highest sugars release were added to evaluate any hydrolytic effect on both untreated and alkaline pretreated samples. 24962776 6 67 dep CH4/g 1190:1194 arg1 mL 1187:1188 mL 1187:1188 mL 1187:1188 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 0 68 from sorghum 118:124 arg1 production 94:103 methane production 86:103 methane production from ensiled sorghum 86:124 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 7 69 theme mL 1387:1388 arg1 VS/d 1396:1399 20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d 1381:1399 20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d 1381:1399 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 7 69 theme mL 1387:1388 arg1 sorghum 1372:1378 untreated sorghum 1362:1378 untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d) 1362:1400 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 4 70 theme composition 753:763 arg1 analysis 765:772 Fibre composition analysis 747:772 Fibre composition analysis 747:772 Fibre composition analysis confirmed that the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to cellulose (up to 32 %) and hemicelluloses (up to 56 %) solubilisation, compared to the enzymatic pretreatment alone. 24962776 6 71 theme methane 1146:1152 arg1 increase 1165:1172 a methane production increase 1144:1172 a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS) 1144:1198 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 0 72 theme methane 86:92 arg1 production 94:103 methane production 86:103 methane production from ensiled sorghum 86:124 Comparative performance of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 3 73 theme total 704:708 arg1 content 720:726 a total monomeric content 702:726 a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L 702:744 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 6 74 dep increase 1165:1172 arg1 CH4/g 1190:1194 304 and 362 mL CH4/g 1175:1194 304 and 362 mL CH4/g 1175:1194 Both enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment led to a methane production increase (304 and 362 mL CH4/g VS), compared to that of untreated sorghum (265 mL CH4/g VS), as +15 and +37 %, respectively. 24962776 3 75 theme alkaline-enzymatic 515:532 arg1 trials 547:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials 502:552 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 24962776 1 76 theme ensiled 280:286 arg1 sorghum 288:294 ensiled sorghum forage 280:301 ensiled sorghum forage 280:301 This study investigated the effect of enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments on chemical composition and methane production from ensiled sorghum forage. 24962776 7 77 theme methane 1316:1322 arg1 rates 1335:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 higher specific methane production rates 1300:1339 Moreover, higher specific methane production rates, compared to that of untreated sorghum (20.31 mL CH4/g VS/d), were obtained by applying the enzymatic and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment (33.94 and 31.65 mL CH4/g VS/d), respectively. 24962776 3 78 theme 0.20 mL/g 668:676 arg1 TS 678:679 0.20 mL/g TS 668:679 0.20 mL/g TS 668:679 In the combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment trials, the highest sugar release was found with Primafast and BGL preparations (added at a final concentration 0.12 and 0.20 mL/g TS, respectively), with a total monomeric content of 12 and 6.5 g/L. 29279116 3 0 theme AGSP 692:695 arg1 AGSP 692:695 AGSP 692:695 AGSP 692:695 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 0 theme AGSP 692:695 arg1 residue 681:687 the main structure residue 662:687 the main structure residue of AGSP 662:695 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 1 theme water-soluble 346:358 arg1 polysaccharide 360:373 a water-soluble polysaccharide 344:373 a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 344:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 4 2 theme 6.6kDa 932:937 arg1 weight 922:927 a relative molecular weight 901:927 a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa 901:937 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 0 3 theme pacific 89:95 arg1 Ino 129:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 3 theme pacific 89:95 arg1 abalone 97:103 pacific abalone 89:103 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 89:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 4 from characterization 11:26 arg1 Ino 129:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 4 from characterization 11:26 arg1 abalone 97:103 pacific abalone 89:103 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 89:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 5 5 theme alkaline 958:965 arg1 phosphatase 967:977 alkaline phosphatase 958:977 alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner 958:1030 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 0 6 theme Haliotis 106:113 arg1 Ino 129:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 6 theme Haliotis 106:113 arg1 abalone 97:103 pacific abalone 89:103 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 89:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 5 7 theme adjuvant 1125:1132 arg1 candidate 1134:1142 an adjuvant candidate 1122:1142 an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2 1122:1182 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 5 7 theme adjuvant 1125:1132 arg1 AGSP 1108:1111 AGSP 1108:1111 AGSP 1108:1111 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 2 8 theme present 266:272 arg1 study 274:278 the present study 262:278 the present study 262:278 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 5 9 theme osteogenic 1155:1164 arg1 activity 1166:1173 osteogenic activity 1155:1173 osteogenic activity of BMP-2 1155:1182 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 3 10 theme reduced 564:570 arg1 product 572:578 its reduced product 560:578 its reduced product 560:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 11 theme structure 671:679 arg1 AGSP 692:695 AGSP 692:695 AGSP 692:695 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 11 theme structure 671:679 arg1 residue 681:687 the main structure residue 662:687 the main structure residue of AGSP 662:695 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 4 12 theme relative 903:910 arg1 weight 922:927 a relative molecular weight 901:927 a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa 901:937 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 3 13 theme AGSP 551:554 arg1 analysis 597:604 methylation analysis 585:604 methylation analysis 585:604 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 13 theme AGSP 551:554 arg1 analysis 614:621 NMR analysis 610:621 NMR analysis 610:621 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 13 theme AGSP 551:554 arg1 comparison 537:546 monosaccharide composition comparison 510:546 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 13 theme AGSP 551:554 arg1 analysis 458:465 analysis 458:465 analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 458:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 14 theme -α-Man 820:825 arg1 residue 830:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 15 theme BMP-2-induced 307:319 arg1 activity 332:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity 293:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 293:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 0 16 theme hannai 122:127 arg1 Ino 129:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 16 theme hannai 122:127 arg1 abalone 97:103 pacific abalone 89:103 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 89:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 3 17 dep -Gal 728:731 arg1 →4 805:806 →4 805:806 →4 805:806 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 17 dep -Gal 728:731 arg1 1→ 733:734 1→ 733:734 1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc 733:798 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 18 theme aldobiouronic 470:482 arg1 acids 484:488 aldobiouronic acids 470:488 aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 470:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 19 from activity 332:339 arg1 gonad 384:388 the gonad 380:388 the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 380:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 3 20 theme composition 525:535 arg1 comparison 537:546 monosaccharide composition comparison 510:546 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 5 21 theme BMP-2 1178:1182 arg1 activity 1166:1173 osteogenic activity 1155:1173 osteogenic activity of BMP-2 1155:1182 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 2 22 theme pacific 393:399 arg1 Ino 433:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 22 theme pacific 393:399 arg1 abalone 401:407 pacific abalone 393:407 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 393:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 0 23 theme discus 115:120 arg1 Ino 129:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 23 theme discus 115:120 arg1 abalone 97:103 pacific abalone 89:103 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 89:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 2 24 theme BMP-2 255:259 arg1 activity 243:250 the activity 239:250 the activity of BMP-2 239:259 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 4 25 theme molecular 912:920 arg1 weight 922:927 a relative molecular weight 901:927 a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa 901:937 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 0 26 from bioactivity 43:53 arg1 Ino 129:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 106:131 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 26 from bioactivity 43:53 arg1 abalone 97:103 pacific abalone 89:103 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 89:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 2 27 theme structure 297:305 arg1 activity 332:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity 293:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 293:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 5 28 theme % 1055:1055 arg1 enhancement 1057:1067 425% enhancement 1052:1067 425% enhancement 1052:1067 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 0 29 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 3 30 theme product 572:578 arg1 analysis 597:604 methylation analysis 585:604 methylation analysis 585:604 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 30 theme product 572:578 arg1 analysis 614:621 NMR analysis 610:621 NMR analysis 610:621 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 30 theme product 572:578 arg1 comparison 537:546 monosaccharide composition comparison 510:546 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 30 theme product 572:578 arg1 analysis 458:465 analysis 458:465 analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 458:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 5 31 theme phosphatase 967:977 arg1 activity 979:986 alkaline phosphatase activity 958:986 alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner 958:1030 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 0 32 theme osteogenic 32:41 arg1 bioactivity 43:53 osteogenic bioactivity 32:53 osteogenic bioactivity 32:53 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 3 33 with 1→ 733:734 arg1 branches 750:757 sulfated branches 741:757 sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc 741:798 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 34 theme prevelant 772:780 arg1 Gal 782:784 prevelant Gal 772:784 prevelant Gal 772:784 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 35 theme discus 419:424 arg1 Ino 433:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 35 theme discus 419:424 arg1 abalone 401:407 pacific abalone 393:407 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 393:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 36 theme hannai 426:431 arg1 Ino 433:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 36 theme hannai 426:431 arg1 abalone 401:407 pacific abalone 393:407 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 393:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 5 37 theme dependent 1015:1023 arg1 manner 1025:1030 a dose dependent manner 1008:1030 a dose dependent manner 1008:1030 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 0 38 from abalone 97:103 arg1 polysaccharide 69:82 a sulfated polysaccharide 58:82 a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 58:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 38 from abalone 97:103 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 38 from abalone 97:103 arg1 bioactivity 43:53 osteogenic bioactivity 32:53 osteogenic bioactivity 32:53 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 3 39 theme 1→ 827:828 arg1 residue 830:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 40 theme Haliotis 410:417 arg1 Ino 433:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 Haliotis discus hannai Ino 410:435 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 40 theme Haliotis 410:417 arg1 abalone 401:407 pacific abalone 393:407 pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 393:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 4 41 theme % 894:894 arg1 content 879:885 a sulfate content 869:885 a sulfate content of 12.4% 869:894 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 3 42 theme desulfated 639:648 arg1 derivative 650:659 its desulfated derivative 635:659 its desulfated derivative 635:659 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 43 theme methylation 585:595 arg1 analysis 597:604 methylation analysis 585:604 methylation analysis 585:604 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 44 theme AGSP 626:629 arg1 analysis 597:604 methylation analysis 585:604 methylation analysis 585:604 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 44 theme AGSP 626:629 arg1 analysis 614:621 NMR analysis 610:621 NMR analysis 610:621 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 44 theme AGSP 626:629 arg1 comparison 537:546 monosaccharide composition comparison 510:546 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 44 theme AGSP 626:629 arg1 analysis 458:465 analysis 458:465 analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 458:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 45 from gonad 384:388 arg1 activity 332:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity 293:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 293:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 45 from gonad 384:388 arg1 polysaccharide 360:373 a water-soluble polysaccharide 344:373 a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 344:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 2 46 theme abalone 401:407 arg1 gonad 384:388 the gonad 380:388 the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 380:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 0 47 theme sulfated 60:67 arg1 polysaccharide 69:82 a sulfated polysaccharide 58:82 a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) 58:132 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 2 48 theme novel 212:216 arg1 adjuvants 218:226 novel adjuvants 212:226 novel adjuvants 212:226 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 4 49 contain possessed 859:867 arg1 AGSP 854:857 AGSP 854:857 AGSP 854:857 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 4 49 contain possessed 859:867 arg2 content 879:885 a sulfate content 869:885 a sulfate content of 12.4% 869:894 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 3 50 theme acids 484:488 arg1 analysis 597:604 methylation analysis 585:604 methylation analysis 585:604 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 50 theme acids 484:488 arg1 analysis 614:621 NMR analysis 610:621 NMR analysis 610:621 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 50 theme acids 484:488 arg1 comparison 537:546 monosaccharide composition comparison 510:546 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 50 theme acids 484:488 arg1 analysis 458:465 analysis 458:465 analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 458:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 5 51 theme 425 1052:1054 arg1 % 1055:1055 % 1055:1055 % 1055:1055 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 3 52 theme -Gal 728:731 arg1 residue 830:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 53 theme main 666:669 arg1 AGSP 692:695 AGSP 692:695 AGSP 692:695 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 53 theme main 666:669 arg1 residue 681:687 the main structure residue 662:687 the main structure residue of AGSP 662:695 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 54 theme osteogenic 321:330 arg1 activity 332:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity 293:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 293:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 5 55 located observed 1075:1082 arg1 200μg/mL 1087:1094 200μg/mL 1087:1094 200μg/mL 1087:1094 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 5 55 located observed 1075:1082 arg2 enhancement 1057:1067 425% enhancement 1052:1067 425% enhancement 1052:1067 AGSP strengthened alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP-2 in a dose dependent manner at 10-200μg/mL with 425% enhancement being observed at 200μg/mL, indicating AGSP could be an adjuvant candidate to enhance osteogenic activity of BMP-2. 29279116 3 56 theme derivative 650:659 arg1 analysis 597:604 methylation analysis 585:604 methylation analysis 585:604 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 56 theme derivative 650:659 arg1 analysis 614:621 NMR analysis 610:621 NMR analysis 610:621 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 56 theme derivative 650:659 arg1 comparison 537:546 monosaccharide composition comparison 510:546 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 56 theme derivative 650:659 arg1 analysis 458:465 analysis 458:465 analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 458:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 57 attach released 490:497 arg1 AGSP 504:507 AGSP 504:507 AGSP 504:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 57 attach released 490:497 arg2 acids 484:488 aldobiouronic acids 470:488 aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP 470:507 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 1 58 theme Bone 135:138 arg1 protein-2 152:160 Bone morphogenic protein-2 135:160 Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 135:168 Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to promote osteogenesis. 29279116 1 58 theme Bone 135:138 arg1 BMP-2 163:167 BMP-2 163:167 BMP-2 163:167 Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to promote osteogenesis. 29279116 3 59 theme minor 790:794 arg1 Glc 796:798 minor Glc 790:798 minor Glc 790:798 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 4 60 theme sulfate 871:877 arg1 content 879:885 a sulfate content 869:885 a sulfate content of 12.4% 869:894 AGSP possessed a sulfate content of 12.4% with a relative molecular weight of 6.6kDa. 29279116 1 61 theme morphogenic 140:150 arg1 protein-2 152:160 Bone morphogenic protein-2 135:160 Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) 135:168 Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to promote osteogenesis. 29279116 1 61 theme morphogenic 140:150 arg1 BMP-2 163:167 BMP-2 163:167 BMP-2 163:167 Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) is known to promote osteogenesis. 29279116 3 62 theme monosaccharide 510:523 arg1 composition 525:535 monosaccharide composition 510:535 monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product 510:578 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 0 63 theme polysaccharide 69:82 arg1 characterization 11:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization 0:26 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 0 63 theme polysaccharide 69:82 arg1 bioactivity 43:53 osteogenic bioactivity 32:53 osteogenic bioactivity 32:53 Structural characterization and osteogenic bioactivity of a sulfated polysaccharide from pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). 29279116 3 64 with →4 805:806 arg1 branches 750:757 sulfated branches 741:757 sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc 741:798 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 65 theme NMR 610:612 arg1 analysis 614:621 NMR analysis 610:621 NMR analysis 610:621 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 2 66 theme polysaccharide 360:373 arg1 activity 332:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity 293:339 the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP 293:447 To find novel adjuvants to enhance the activity of BMP-2, the present study investigated the structure BMP-2-induced osteogenic activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the gonad of pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) named AGSP. 29279116 3 67 theme -β-GlcA 808:814 arg1 residue 830:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue 715:836 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 29279116 3 68 theme sulfated 741:748 arg1 branches 750:757 sulfated branches 741:757 sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc 741:798 Through analysis of aldobiouronic acids released from AGSP, monosaccharide composition comparison of AGSP and its reduced product, and methylation analysis and NMR analysis of AGSP and its desulfated derivative, the main structure residue of AGSP was determined as →3)-GlcA(1→3)-Gal(1→ with sulfated branches comprised of prevelant Gal and minor Glc, and →4)-β-GlcA(1→2)-α-Man(1→ residue was also found. 24607163 4 0 theme independent 319:329 arg1 time 428:431 extraction time 417:431 extraction time (h) 417:435 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 0 theme independent 319:329 arg1 variables 331:339 Three independent variables 313:339 Three independent variables 313:339 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 0 theme independent 319:329 arg1 ratio 381:385 ratio 381:385 ratio of water to raw material 381:410 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 0 theme independent 319:329 arg1 temperature 363:373 extraction temperature 352:373 extraction temperature (°C) 352:378 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 1 1 theme central 145:151 arg1 design 163:168 a central composite design 143:168 a central composite design 143:168 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 5 2 theme quadratic 555:563 arg1 equation 576:583 a quadratic polynomial equation 553:583 a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis 553:618 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 1 3 theme composite 153:161 arg1 design 163:168 a central composite design 143:168 a central composite design 143:168 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 0 4 from Optimization 0:11 arg1 leaves 84:89 leaves 84:89 leaves 84:89 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 5 5 theme polynomial 565:574 arg1 equation 576:583 a quadratic polynomial equation 553:583 a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis 553:618 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 7 6 theme purified 931:938 arg1 polysaccharide 940:953 the purified polysaccharide 927:953 the purified polysaccharide 927:953 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 5 7 theme appropriate 644:654 arg1 methods 668:674 appropriate statistical methods 644:674 appropriate statistical methods 644:674 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 0 8 from activity 51:58 arg1 leaves 84:89 leaves 84:89 leaves 84:89 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 5 9 theme multiple 591:598 arg1 analysis 611:618 multiple regression analysis 591:618 multiple regression analysis 591:618 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 4 10 theme water 390:394 arg1 time 428:431 extraction time 417:431 extraction time (h) 417:435 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 10 theme water 390:394 arg1 h 434:434 h 434:434 h 434:434 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 10 theme water 390:394 arg1 °C 376:377 °C 376:377 °C 376:377 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 10 theme water 390:394 arg1 ratio 381:385 ratio 381:385 ratio of water to raw material 381:410 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 10 theme water 390:394 arg1 temperature 363:373 extraction temperature 352:373 extraction temperature (°C) 352:378 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 6 11 theme experimental 843:854 arg1 yield 856:860 the experimental yield 839:860 the experimental yield 839:860 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 11 theme experimental 843:854 arg1 % 871:871 54.18% 866:871 54.18% 866:871 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 5 12 theme regression 600:609 arg1 analysis 611:618 multiple regression analysis 591:618 multiple regression analysis 591:618 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 6 13 theme raw 767:769 arg1 21.3:1 781:786 21.3:1 781:786 21.3:1 781:786 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 13 theme raw 767:769 arg1 material 771:778 raw material 767:778 raw material 767:778 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 14 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 conditions 689:698 The optimum conditions 677:698 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. 677:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 14 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 4.8h. 809:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 14 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 temperature 728:738 extraction temperature 717:738 extraction temperature 717:738 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 14 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 ratio 749:753 ratio 749:753 ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1 749:786 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 14 theme optimum 681:687 arg1 90.8°C 741:746 90.8°C 741:746 90.8°C 741:746 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 15 theme water 758:762 arg1 90.8°C 741:746 90.8°C 741:746 90.8°C 741:746 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 15 theme water 758:762 arg1 4.8h. 809:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 15 theme water 758:762 arg1 temperature 728:738 extraction temperature 717:738 extraction temperature 717:738 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 15 theme water 758:762 arg1 conditions 689:698 The optimum conditions 677:698 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. 677:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 15 theme water 758:762 arg1 ratio 749:753 ratio 749:753 ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1 749:786 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 4 16 theme extraction 417:426 arg1 time 428:431 extraction time 417:431 extraction time (h) 417:435 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 16 theme extraction 417:426 arg1 h 434:434 h 434:434 h 434:434 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 0 17 theme process 27:33 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction process 0:33 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 0 17 theme process 27:33 arg1 activity 51:58 antioxidant activity 39:58 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla 39:109 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 6 18 dep conditions 689:698 arg1 conditions 689:698 The optimum conditions 677:698 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. 677:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 18 dep conditions 689:698 arg1 90.8°C 741:746 90.8°C 741:746 90.8°C 741:746 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 18 dep conditions 689:698 arg1 4.8h. 809:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 18 dep conditions 689:698 arg1 ratio 749:753 ratio 749:753 ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1 749:786 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 18 dep conditions 689:698 arg1 temperature 728:738 extraction temperature 717:738 extraction temperature 717:738 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 18 dep conditions 689:698 arg1 conditions 827:836 these conditions 821:836 these conditions 821:836 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 0 19 theme extraction 16:25 arg1 process 27:33 extraction process 16:33 extraction process 16:33 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 7 20 theme strong 963:968 arg1 effects 982:988 strong antioxidant effects 963:988 strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 963:1031 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 0 21 theme antioxidant 39:49 arg1 activity 51:58 antioxidant activity 39:58 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla 39:109 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 0 22 from leaves 84:89 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction process 0:33 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 0 22 from leaves 84:89 arg1 activity 51:58 antioxidant activity 39:58 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla 39:109 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 0 22 from leaves 84:89 arg1 polysaccharides 63:77 polysaccharides 63:77 polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla 63:109 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 1 23 theme extraction 195:204 arg1 conditions 206:215 the extraction conditions 191:215 the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var 191:276 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 7 24 theme superoxide 1013:1022 arg1 radicals 1024:1031 DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 993:1031 radicals 1024:1031 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 4 25 theme polysaccharides 480:494 arg1 yield 471:475 the yield 467:475 the yield of polysaccharides 467:494 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 5 26 theme statistical 656:666 arg1 methods 668:674 appropriate statistical methods 644:674 appropriate statistical methods 644:674 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 1 27 from conditions 206:215 arg1 leaves 241:246 leaves 241:246 leaves 241:246 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 7 28 from effects 982:988 arg1 hydroxyl 999:1006 DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 993:1031 hydroxyl 999:1006 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 7 28 from effects 982:988 arg1 radicals 1024:1031 DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 993:1031 radicals 1024:1031 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 1 29 from leaves 241:246 arg1 polysaccharides 220:234 polysaccharides 220:234 polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var 220:276 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 1 29 from leaves 241:246 arg1 conditions 206:215 the extraction conditions 191:215 the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var 191:276 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 6 30 theme time 804:807 arg1 conditions 689:698 The optimum conditions 677:698 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. 677:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 30 theme time 804:807 arg1 4.8h. 809:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 5 31 theme experimental 520:531 arg1 data 533:536 The experimental data 516:536 The experimental data 516:536 The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also examined using appropriate statistical methods. 24607163 7 32 theme DPPH 993:996 arg1 hydroxyl 999:1006 DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 993:1031 hydroxyl 999:1006 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 4 33 theme raw 399:401 arg1 material 403:410 raw material 399:410 raw material 399:410 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 34 theme extraction 352:361 arg1 °C 376:377 °C 376:377 °C 376:377 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 4 34 theme extraction 352:361 arg1 temperature 363:373 extraction temperature 352:373 extraction temperature (°C) 352:378 Three independent variables, including extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, and extraction time (h), which significantly affected the yield of polysaccharides, were investigated. 24607163 1 35 theme single-factor 123:135 arg1 test 137:140 a single-factor test 121:140 a single-factor test 121:140 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 7 36 theme antioxidant 970:980 arg1 effects 982:988 strong antioxidant effects 963:988 strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals 963:1031 Furthermore, the purified polysaccharide exerted strong antioxidant effects on DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals in vitro. 24607163 6 37 theme extraction 793:802 arg1 conditions 689:698 The optimum conditions 677:698 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. 677:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 37 theme extraction 793:802 arg1 4.8h. 809:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 extraction time 4.8h. 793:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 1 38 used used 174:177 arg2 design 163:168 a central composite design 143:168 a central composite design 143:168 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 1 39 theme polysaccharides 220:234 arg1 conditions 206:215 the extraction conditions 191:215 the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var 191:276 Based on a single-factor test, a central composite design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla Smith var. 24607163 6 40 theme extraction 717:726 arg1 conditions 689:698 The optimum conditions 677:698 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. 677:813 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 6 40 theme extraction 717:726 arg1 temperature 728:738 extraction temperature 717:738 extraction temperature 717:738 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 24607163 0 41 theme polysaccharides 63:77 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization of extraction process 0:33 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 0 41 theme polysaccharides 63:77 arg1 activity 51:58 antioxidant activity 39:58 antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla 39:109 Optimization of extraction process and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from leaves of Paris polyphylla. 24607163 6 42 theme predicted 892:900 arg1 value 902:906 the predicted value 888:906 the predicted value 888:906 The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction temperature, 90.8°C; ratio of water to raw material, 21.3:1; and extraction time 4.8h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 54.18%, which matched the predicted value well. 23946155 0 0 theme relevant 84:91 arg1 compounds 93:101 pharmaceutically relevant compounds 67:101 pharmaceutically relevant compounds 67:101 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 8 1 theme selector 1068:1075 arg1 winding 1046:1052 The different winding 1032:1052 The different winding 1032:1052 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 6 2 from eluent 858:863 arg1 additive 842:849 additive 842:849 additive 842:849 Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent could be severely distorted during the analysis of salified compounds. 23946155 4 3 theme efficiency 661:670 arg1 enhancers 672:680 efficiency enhancers 661:680 efficiency enhancers 661:680 Acidic additives are incorporated into the mobile phase during the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers. 23946155 11 4 theme new 1510:1512 arg1 profiles 1526:1533 new selectivity profiles 1510:1533 new selectivity profiles 1510:1533 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 0 5 from effect 4:9 arg1 enantioseparation 46:62 the enantioseparation 42:62 the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases 42:145 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 5 6 theme Acidic 683:688 arg1 additives 690:698 Acidic additives 683:698 Acidic additives 683:698 Acidic additives can also improve enantioselectivity by minimizing within the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention. 23946155 1 7 theme deep 178:181 arg1 influence 183:191 a deep influence 176:191 a deep influence 176:191 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 11 8 theme improved 1545:1552 arg1 enantioselectivity 1554:1571 often improved enantioselectivity 1539:1571 often improved enantioselectivity 1539:1571 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 5 9 theme chiral 761:766 arg1 site 780:783 the chiral recognition site 757:783 the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention 757:813 Acidic additives can also improve enantioselectivity by minimizing within the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention. 23946155 10 10 theme water 1349:1353 arg1 addition 1337:1344 Deliberate addition 1326:1344 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent 1326:1367 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent can improve peak resolution and save analysis time and solvent needs. 23946155 0 11 theme compounds 93:101 arg1 enantioseparation 46:62 the enantioseparation 42:62 the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases 42:145 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 5 12 theme recognition 768:778 arg1 site 780:783 the chiral recognition site 757:783 the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention 757:813 Acidic additives can also improve enantioselectivity by minimizing within the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention. 23946155 6 13 theme compounds 925:933 arg1 analysis 904:911 the analysis 900:911 the analysis of salified compounds 900:933 Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent could be severely distorted during the analysis of salified compounds. 23946155 2 14 theme peak 324:327 arg1 broadening 329:338 peak broadening 324:338 peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols 324:422 Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. 23946155 6 15 theme Peak 816:819 arg1 shape 821:825 Peak shape 816:825 Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent 816:863 Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent could be severely distorted during the analysis of salified compounds. 23946155 0 16 theme stationary 129:138 arg1 phases 140:145 polysaccharide-based stationary phases 108:145 polysaccharide-based stationary phases 108:145 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 5 17 dep nonenantioselective 785:803 arg1 retention 805:813 retention 805:813 retention 805:813 Acidic additives can also improve enantioselectivity by minimizing within the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention. 23946155 0 18 with enantioseparation 46:62 arg1 phases 140:145 polysaccharide-based stationary phases 108:145 polysaccharide-based stationary phases 108:145 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 3 19 theme bonds 512:516 arg1 modification 522:533 modification 522:533 modification of the polymer morphology 522:559 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 3 19 theme bonds 512:516 arg1 disruption 489:498 disruption 489:498 disruption of hydrogen bonds 489:516 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 0 20 theme polysaccharide-based 108:127 arg1 phases 140:145 polysaccharide-based stationary phases 108:145 polysaccharide-based stationary phases 108:145 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 1 21 contain have 171:174 arg2 influence 183:191 a deep influence 176:191 a deep influence 176:191 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 1 21 contain have 171:174 arg1 variables 161:169 Mobile phase variables 148:169 Mobile phase variables 148:169 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 8 22 theme stereo 1163:1168 arg1 environment 1170:1180 different stereo environment 1153:1180 different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain 1153:1224 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 8 23 theme different 1109:1117 arg1 size/shape 1119:1128 different size/shape 1109:1128 different size/shape 1109:1128 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 7 24 theme modifier 970:977 arg1 type 954:957 type 954:957 type 954:957 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 7 24 theme modifier 970:977 arg1 Concentration 936:948 Concentration 936:948 Concentration 936:948 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 4 25 theme Acidic 562:567 arg1 additives 569:577 Acidic additives 562:577 Acidic additives 562:577 Acidic additives are incorporated into the mobile phase during the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers. 23946155 2 26 used used 307:310 arg2 additives 283:291 Basic additives 277:291 Basic additives 277:291 Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. 23946155 11 27 link polysaccharide-derived 1456:1477 arg1 phases 1497:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 11 28 theme Immobilized-type 1439:1454 arg1 phases 1497:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 8 29 theme polymer 1212:1218 arg1 chain 1220:1224 the polymer chain 1208:1224 the polymer chain 1208:1224 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 2 30 theme unwanted 353:360 arg1 interactions 362:373 unwanted interactions 353:373 unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols 353:422 Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. 23946155 9 31 theme Trace 1227:1231 arg1 water 1244:1248 water 1244:1248 water 1244:1248 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 9 31 theme Trace 1227:1231 arg1 amounts 1233:1239 Trace amounts 1227:1239 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents 1227:1272 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 1 32 theme chromatographic 200:214 arg1 behavior 216:223 the chromatographic behavior 196:223 the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 196:274 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 0 33 theme mobile 14:19 arg1 composition 27:37 mobile phase composition 14:37 mobile phase composition 14:37 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 9 34 theme normal-phase 1253:1264 arg1 eluents 1266:1272 normal-phase eluents 1253:1272 normal-phase eluents 1253:1272 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 8 35 theme cavities 1196:1203 arg1 environment 1170:1180 different stereo environment 1153:1180 different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain 1153:1224 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 6 36 theme salified 916:923 arg1 compounds 925:933 salified compounds 916:933 salified compounds 916:933 Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent could be severely distorted during the analysis of salified compounds. 23946155 7 37 theme alcohol 962:968 arg1 modifier 970:977 alcohol modifier 962:977 alcohol modifier 962:977 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 3 38 theme basic 434:438 arg1 additives 440:448 basic additives 434:448 basic additives 434:448 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 4 39 theme compounds 648:656 arg1 analysis 629:636 the analysis 625:636 the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers 625:680 Acidic additives are incorporated into the mobile phase during the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers. 23946155 8 40 theme chiral 1189:1194 arg1 cavities 1196:1203 the chiral cavities 1185:1203 the chiral cavities 1185:1203 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 2 41 theme underivatized 401:413 arg1 silanols 415:422 underivatized silanols 401:422 underivatized silanols 401:422 Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. 23946155 10 42 theme analysis 1406:1413 arg1 time 1415:1418 analysis time 1406:1418 analysis time 1406:1418 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent can improve peak resolution and save analysis time and solvent needs. 23946155 3 43 theme polymer 542:548 arg1 morphology 550:559 the polymer morphology 538:559 the polymer morphology 538:559 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 0 44 theme composition 27:37 arg1 effect 4:9 The effect 0:9 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 0:146 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 4 45 theme acidic 641:646 arg1 compounds 648:656 acidic compounds 641:656 acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers 641:680 Acidic additives are incorporated into the mobile phase during the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers. 23946155 1 46 with behavior 216:223 arg1 phases 269:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 9 47 from amounts 1233:1239 arg1 eluents 1266:1272 normal-phase eluents 1253:1272 normal-phase eluents 1253:1272 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 2 48 theme Basic 277:281 arg1 additives 283:291 Basic additives 277:291 Basic additives 277:291 Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. 23946155 3 49 theme hydrogen 503:510 arg1 bonds 512:516 hydrogen bonds 503:516 hydrogen bonds 503:516 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 1 50 theme polysaccharide-based 230:249 arg1 phases 269:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 0 51 theme phase 21:25 arg1 composition 27:37 mobile phase composition 14:37 mobile phase composition 14:37 The effect of mobile phase composition in the enantioseparation of pharmaceutically relevant compounds with polysaccharide-based stationary phases. 23946155 8 52 theme different 1036:1044 arg1 winding 1046:1052 The different winding 1032:1052 The different winding 1032:1052 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 1 53 theme chiral 251:256 arg1 phases 269:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 10 54 theme peak 1381:1384 arg1 resolution 1386:1395 peak resolution 1381:1395 peak resolution 1381:1395 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent can improve peak resolution and save analysis time and solvent needs. 23946155 4 55 theme mobile 605:610 arg1 phase 612:616 the mobile phase 601:616 the mobile phase 601:616 Acidic additives are incorporated into the mobile phase during the analysis of acidic compounds as efficiency enhancers. 23946155 10 56 theme Deliberate 1326:1335 arg1 addition 1337:1344 Deliberate addition 1326:1344 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent 1326:1367 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent can improve peak resolution and save analysis time and solvent needs. 23946155 9 57 theme retention 1285:1293 arg1 time 1295:1298 retention time 1285:1298 retention time 1285:1298 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 11 58 theme chiral 1479:1484 arg1 phases 1497:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 8 59 from environment 1170:1180 arg1 chain 1220:1224 the polymer chain 1208:1224 the polymer chain 1208:1224 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 3 60 theme morphology 550:559 arg1 modification 522:533 modification 522:533 modification of the polymer morphology 522:559 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 3 60 theme morphology 550:559 arg1 disruption 489:498 disruption 489:498 disruption of hydrogen bonds 489:516 However, basic additives can improve enantioselectivity through disruption of hydrogen bonds and modification of the polymer morphology. 23946155 9 61 theme water 1244:1248 arg1 water 1244:1248 water 1244:1248 water 1244:1248 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 9 61 theme water 1244:1248 arg1 amounts 1233:1239 Trace amounts 1227:1239 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents 1227:1272 Trace amounts of water in normal-phase eluents can affect retention time, tailing, and resolution. 23946155 8 62 theme different 1153:1161 arg1 environment 1170:1180 different stereo environment 1153:1180 different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain 1153:1224 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 7 63 theme polymer 1023:1029 arg1 morphology 1005:1014 the morphology 1001:1014 the morphology of the polymer 1001:1029 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 8 64 theme size/shape 1119:1128 arg1 modifiers 1096:1104 alcohol modifiers 1088:1104 alcohol modifiers of different size/shape 1088:1128 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 1 65 theme Mobile 148:153 arg1 variables 161:169 Mobile phase variables 148:169 Mobile phase variables 148:169 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 11 66 theme stationary 1486:1495 arg1 phases 1497:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 1 67 theme stationary 258:267 arg1 phases 269:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases 230:274 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 7 68 contain have 983:986 arg2 effect 991:996 an effect 988:996 an effect 988:996 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 7 68 contain have 983:986 arg1 type 954:957 type 954:957 type 954:957 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 7 68 contain have 983:986 arg1 Concentration 936:948 Concentration 936:948 Concentration 936:948 Concentration and type of alcohol modifier can have an effect on the morphology of the polymer. 23946155 8 69 theme chiral 1061:1066 arg1 selector 1068:1075 the chiral selector 1057:1075 the chiral selector 1057:1075 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 1 70 theme phase 155:159 arg1 variables 161:169 Mobile phase variables 148:169 Mobile phase variables 148:169 Mobile phase variables have a deep influence on the chromatographic behavior with polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. 23946155 10 71 dep solvent 1424:1430 arg1 needs 1432:1436 needs 1432:1436 needs 1432:1436 Deliberate addition of water to the eluent can improve peak resolution and save analysis time and solvent needs. 23946155 2 72 theme polar 383:387 arg1 solutes 389:395 polar solutes 383:395 polar solutes 383:395 Basic additives are generally used to minimize peak broadening arising from unwanted interactions between polar solutes and underivatized silanols. 23946155 11 73 theme selectivity 1514:1524 arg1 profiles 1526:1533 new selectivity profiles 1510:1533 new selectivity profiles 1510:1533 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 8 74 theme alcohol 1088:1094 arg1 modifiers 1096:1104 alcohol modifiers 1088:1104 alcohol modifiers of different size/shape 1088:1128 The different winding of the chiral selector, caused by alcohol modifiers of different size/shape, ultimately results in different stereo environment of the chiral cavities in the polymer chain. 23946155 11 75 theme polysaccharide-derived 1456:1477 arg1 phases 1497:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases 1439:1502 Immobilized-type polysaccharide-derived chiral stationary phases offer new selectivity profiles and often improved enantioselectivity. 23946155 6 76 from additive 842:849 arg1 eluent 858:863 the eluent 854:863 the eluent 854:863 Peak shape without acidic additive in the eluent could be severely distorted during the analysis of salified compounds. 23946155 5 77 theme nonenantioselective 785:803 arg1 site 780:783 the chiral recognition site 757:783 the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention 757:813 Acidic additives can also improve enantioselectivity by minimizing within the chiral recognition site nonenantioselective retention. 26400737 2 0 dep solvent 405:411 arg1 the 390:392 the 390:392 the 390:392 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 6 1 theme antioxidant 1078:1088 arg1 activity 1090:1097 antioxidant activity 1078:1097 antioxidant activity 1078:1097 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 0 2 theme different 94:102 arg1 solvents 104:111 different solvents 94:111 different solvents 94:111 Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. 26400737 1 3 theme rich 163:166 arg1 intestinalis 119:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 3 theme rich 163:166 arg1 source 168:173 a rich source 161:173 a rich source of nutrient 161:185 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 3 theme rich 163:166 arg1 polysaccharides 209:223 sulphated polysaccharides 199:223 especially sulphated polysaccharides 188:223 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 5 4 theme distilled 959:967 arg1 water 969:973 distilled water 959:973 distilled water 959:973 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than did those extracted with distilled water and alkali. 26400737 6 5 theme polysaccharides 1169:1183 arg1 weight 1121:1126 distinct molecular weight 1102:1126 distinct molecular weight 1102:1126 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 6 5 theme polysaccharides 1169:1183 arg1 characteristic 1141:1154 chemical characteristic 1132:1154 chemical characteristic 1132:1154 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 2 6 theme 0.1N 310:313 arg1 HCl 315:317 0.1N HCl 310:317 0.1N HCl 310:317 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 4 7 theme solvent 724:730 arg1 extractions 732:742 all solvent extractions 720:742 all solvent extractions 720:742 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 3 8 theme time 521:524 arg1 types 488:492 Different types 478:492 Different types of solvents and extraction time 478:524 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 4 9 theme rhamnose 833:840 arg1 C-2 819:821 C-2 819:821 C-2 819:821 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 9 theme rhamnose 833:840 arg1 C-3 826:828 C-3 826:828 C-3 826:828 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 3 10 theme solvents 497:504 arg1 types 488:492 Different types 478:492 Different types of solvents and extraction time 478:524 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 3 11 theme significant 532:542 arg1 influence 544:552 a significant influence 530:552 a significant influence 530:552 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 5 12 theme greater 900:906 arg1 activity 920:927 greater antioxidant activity 900:927 greater antioxidant activity 900:927 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than did those extracted with distilled water and alkali. 26400737 2 13 theme antioxidant 456:466 arg1 activity 468:475 antioxidant activity 456:475 antioxidant activity 456:475 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 2 14 from 80°C 337:340 arg1 NaOH 329:332 0.1N NaOH 324:332 0.1N NaOH 324:332 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 2 14 from 80°C 337:340 arg1 water 303:307 distilled water 293:307 distilled water 293:307 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 2 14 from 80°C 337:340 arg1 HCl 315:317 0.1N HCl 310:317 0.1N HCl 310:317 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 3 15 theme Different 478:486 arg1 types 488:492 Different types 478:492 Different types of solvents and extraction time 478:524 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 4 16 theme composition 636:646 arg1 analyses 666:673 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses 621:673 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses 621:673 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 0 17 theme sulphated 53:61 arg1 polysaccharides 63:77 Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides 35:77 Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides 35:77 Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. 26400737 4 18 from extractions 732:742 arg1 polysaccharides 699:713 sulphated polysaccharides 689:713 sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions 689:742 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 2 19 theme distilled 293:301 arg1 water 303:307 distilled water 293:307 distilled water 293:307 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 4 20 dep backbone 765:772 arg1 glucose 775:781 glucose 775:781 glucose 775:781 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 20 dep backbone 765:772 arg1 rhamnose 784:791 rhamnose 784:791 rhamnose 784:791 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 20 dep backbone 765:772 arg1 sulphate 798:805 sulphate 798:805 sulphate 798:805 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 6 21 theme sulphated 1159:1167 arg1 polysaccharides 1169:1183 sulphated polysaccharides 1159:1183 sulphated polysaccharides 1159:1183 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 2 22 theme 0.1N 324:327 arg1 NaOH 329:332 0.1N NaOH 324:332 0.1N NaOH 324:332 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 1 23 theme nutrient 178:185 arg1 intestinalis 119:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 23 theme nutrient 178:185 arg1 source 168:173 a rich source 161:173 a rich source of nutrient 161:185 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 23 theme nutrient 178:185 arg1 polysaccharides 209:223 sulphated polysaccharides 199:223 especially sulphated polysaccharides 188:223 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 4 24 theme spectra 658:664 arg1 analyses 666:673 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses 621:673 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses 621:673 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 0 25 dep Ulva 35:38 arg1 intestinalis 40:51 intestinalis 40:51 intestinalis 40:51 Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. 26400737 2 26 from intestinalis 260:271 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 Sulphated polysaccharides 226:250 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis 226:271 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 6 27 theme distinct 1102:1109 arg1 weight 1121:1126 distinct molecular weight 1102:1126 distinct molecular weight 1102:1126 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 3 28 contain had 526:528 arg1 types 488:492 Different types 478:492 Different types of solvents and extraction time 478:524 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 3 28 contain had 526:528 arg2 influence 544:552 a significant influence 530:552 a significant influence 530:552 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 4 29 theme sugar 759:763 arg1 backbone 765:772 a typical sugar backbone 749:772 a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose) 749:841 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 3 30 theme extraction 510:519 arg1 time 521:524 extraction time 510:524 extraction time 510:524 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 2 31 theme solvent 405:411 arg1 effect 380:385 the effect 376:385 the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity 376:475 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 1 32 theme sulphated 199:207 arg1 source 168:173 a rich source 161:173 a rich source of nutrient 161:185 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 32 theme sulphated 199:207 arg1 polysaccharides 209:223 sulphated polysaccharides 199:223 especially sulphated polysaccharides 188:223 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 2 33 theme time 417:420 arg1 effect 380:385 the effect 376:385 the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity 376:475 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 2 34 theme U. 257:258 arg1 intestinalis 260:271 U. intestinalis 257:271 U. intestinalis 257:271 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 4 35 theme Monosaccharide 621:634 arg1 composition 636:646 Monosaccharide composition 621:646 Monosaccharide composition 621:646 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 0 36 theme Ulva 35:38 arg1 polysaccharides 63:77 Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides 35:77 Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides 35:77 Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. 26400737 3 37 theme antioxidant 590:600 arg1 p<0.05 612:617 p<0.05 612:617 p<0.05 612:617 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 3 37 theme antioxidant 590:600 arg1 activity 602:609 antioxidant activity 590:609 antioxidant activity (p<0.05) 590:618 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 6 38 theme efficacious 1045:1055 arg1 method 1057:1062 an efficacious method 1042:1062 an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides 1042:1183 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 6 38 theme efficacious 1045:1055 arg1 extraction 1022:1031 solvent extraction 1014:1031 solvent extraction 1014:1031 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 0 39 theme polysaccharides 63:77 arg1 antioxidant 20:30 antioxidant 20:30 antioxidant 20:30 Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. 26400737 0 39 theme polysaccharides 63:77 arg1 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics 0:14 Characteristics and antioxidant of Ulva intestinalis sulphated polysaccharides extracted with different solvents. 26400737 2 40 theme extraction 394:403 arg1 solvent 405:411 extraction solvent 394:411 extraction solvent 394:411 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 4 41 contain have 744:747 arg2 backbone 765:772 a typical sugar backbone 749:772 a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose) 749:841 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 41 contain have 744:747 arg1 polysaccharides 699:713 sulphated polysaccharides 689:713 sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions 689:742 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 2 42 theme Sulphated 226:234 arg1 polysaccharides 236:250 Sulphated polysaccharides 226:250 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis 226:271 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 1 43 theme tubular 135:141 arg1 seaweed 149:155 a tubular green seaweed 133:155 a tubular green seaweed 133:155 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 43 theme tubular 135:141 arg1 intestinalis 119:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 5 44 theme antioxidant 908:918 arg1 activity 920:927 greater antioxidant activity 900:927 greater antioxidant activity 900:927 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than did those extracted with distilled water and alkali. 26400737 1 45 theme green 143:147 arg1 seaweed 149:155 a tubular green seaweed 133:155 a tubular green seaweed 133:155 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 1 45 theme green 143:147 arg1 intestinalis 119:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis 114:130 Ulva intestinalis, a tubular green seaweed, is a rich source of nutrient, especially sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 6 46 theme chemical 1132:1139 arg1 characteristic 1141:1154 chemical characteristic 1132:1154 chemical characteristic 1132:1154 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 4 47 theme typical 751:757 arg1 backbone 765:772 a typical sugar backbone 749:772 a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose) 749:841 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 48 theme sulphated 689:697 arg1 polysaccharides 699:713 sulphated polysaccharides 689:713 sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions 689:742 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 6 49 theme molecular 1111:1119 arg1 weight 1121:1126 distinct molecular weight 1102:1126 distinct molecular weight 1102:1126 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 6 50 theme solvent 1014:1020 arg1 method 1057:1062 an efficacious method 1042:1062 an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides 1042:1183 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 6 50 theme solvent 1014:1020 arg1 extraction 1022:1031 solvent extraction 1014:1031 solvent extraction 1014:1031 The results indicated that solvent extraction could be an efficacious method for enhancing antioxidant activity by distinct molecular weight and chemical characteristic of sulphated polysaccharides. 26400737 4 51 theme FT-IR 652:656 arg1 spectra 658:664 FT-IR spectra 652:664 FT-IR spectra 652:664 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 2 52 theme chemical 431:438 arg1 composition 440:450 their chemical composition 425:450 their chemical composition 425:450 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 2 53 from effect 380:385 arg1 composition 440:450 their chemical composition 425:450 their chemical composition 425:450 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 2 53 from effect 380:385 arg1 activity 468:475 antioxidant activity 456:475 antioxidant activity 456:475 Sulphated polysaccharides from U. intestinalis were extracted with distilled water, 0.1N HCl, and 0.1N NaOH at 80°C for 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24h to study the effect of the extraction solvent and time on their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. 26400737 3 54 theme chemical 561:568 arg1 characteristics 570:584 the chemical characteristics 557:584 the chemical characteristics 557:584 Different types of solvents and extraction time had a significant influence on the chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). 26400737 5 55 theme Sulphated 844:852 arg1 polysaccharides 854:868 Sulphated polysaccharides 844:868 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid 844:888 Sulphated polysaccharides extracted with acid exhibited greater antioxidant activity than did those extracted with distilled water and alkali. 26400737 4 56 attach attached 807:814 arg3 C-2 819:821 C-2 819:821 C-2 819:821 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 56 attach attached 807:814 arg3 C-3 826:828 C-3 826:828 C-3 826:828 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 26400737 4 56 attach attached 807:814 arg2 glucose 775:781 glucose 775:781 glucose 775:781 Monosaccharide composition and FT-IR spectra analyses revealed that sulphated polysaccharides from all solvent extractions have a typical sugar backbone (glucose, rhamnose, and sulphate attached at C-2 or C-3 of rhamnose). 28877283 14 0 theme additional 1384:1393 arg1 care 1395:1398 additional care 1384:1398 additional care 1384:1398 Therefore, additional care is recommended to orthodontic applications of these materials. 28877283 10 1 theme orthodontic 1075:1085 arg1 systems 1096:1102 both orthodontic adhesive systems 1070:1102 both orthodontic adhesive systems 1070:1102 CONCLUSIONS LPS adhered to both orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 3 2 theme control 506:512 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 2 theme control 506:512 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 4 3 theme Lysate 594:599 arg1 test 611:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 LPS quantification was performed by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test. 28877283 9 4 theme endotoxin 972:980 arg1 Affinity 960:967 Affinity 960:967 Affinity of endotoxin 960:980 Affinity of endotoxin was significantly greater for the bonding agents (p=0.0025). 28877283 5 5 theme Chi-square 664:673 arg1 test 675:678 the Chi-square test 660:678 the Chi-square test 660:678 Data obtained were scored and subjected to the Chi-square test using a significance level of 5%. 28877283 1 6 theme orthodontic 143:153 arg1 systems 164:170 orthodontic adhesive systems 143:170 orthodontic adhesive systems 143:170 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems, comparing two commercial brands. 28877283 4 7 theme Amebocyte 584:592 arg1 test 611:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 LPS quantification was performed by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test. 28877283 12 8 theme adhesive 1285:1292 arg1 systems 1294:1300 orthodontic adhesive systems 1273:1300 orthodontic adhesive systems 1273:1300 There is no previous study assessing the affinity of LPS for orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 2 9 theme Light 281:285 arg1 composite 292:300 Light Bond composite 281:300 Light Bond composite 281:300 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 2 9 theme Light 281:285 arg1 n=10/component 332:345 n=10/component 332:345 n=10/component 332:345 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 2 10 theme Bond 287:290 arg1 composite 292:300 Light Bond composite 281:300 Light Bond composite 281:300 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 2 10 theme Bond 287:290 arg1 n=10/component 332:345 n=10/component 332:345 n=10/component 332:345 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 3 11 theme positive 484:491 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 11 theme positive 484:491 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 14 12 theme materials 1452:1460 arg1 applications 1430:1441 orthodontic applications 1418:1441 orthodontic applications of these materials 1418:1460 Therefore, additional care is recommended to orthodontic applications of these materials. 28877283 1 13 theme adhesive 155:162 arg1 systems 164:170 orthodontic adhesive systems 143:170 orthodontic adhesive systems 143:170 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems, comparing two commercial brands. 28877283 4 14 theme QCL-1000™ 601:609 arg1 test 611:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 LPS quantification was performed by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test. 28877283 2 15 theme Transbond 264:272 arg1 XT 274:275 Transbond XT 264:275 Transbond XT 264:275 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 3 16 theme acrylic 449:455 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 16 theme acrylic 449:455 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 11 17 contain had 1144:1146 arg2 affinity 1155:1162 higher affinity 1148:1162 higher affinity for the bonding agents 1148:1185 Regardless of the brand, the endotoxin had higher affinity for the bonding agents than for the composites. 28877283 11 17 contain had 1144:1146 arg1 endotoxin 1134:1142 the endotoxin 1130:1142 the endotoxin 1130:1142 Regardless of the brand, the endotoxin had higher affinity for the bonding agents than for the composites. 28877283 2 18 theme bonding 306:312 arg1 components 320:329 bonding agent components 306:329 bonding agent components 306:329 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 7 19 theme acrylic 866:872 arg1 p>0.05 881:886 p>0.05 881:886 p>0.05 881:886 No statistically significant difference was found between composites/bonding agents and acrylic resin (p>0.05). 28877283 7 19 theme acrylic 866:872 arg1 resin 874:878 acrylic resin 866:878 acrylic resin (p>0.05) 866:887 No statistically significant difference was found between composites/bonding agents and acrylic resin (p>0.05). 28877283 3 20 theme Contaminated 415:426 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 20 theme Contaminated 415:426 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 0 21 theme Bacterial 0:8 arg1 endotoxin 10:18 Bacterial endotoxin 0:18 Bacterial endotoxin 0:18 Bacterial endotoxin adhesion to different types of orthodontic adhesives. 28877283 6 22 dep RESULTS 714:720 arg1 was 728:730 was 728:730 was endotoxin adhesion to all materials (p<0.05) 728:775 RESULTS There was endotoxin adhesion to all materials (p<0.05). 28877283 7 23 theme composites/bonding 836:853 arg1 agents 855:860 composites/bonding agents 836:860 composites/bonding agents 836:860 No statistically significant difference was found between composites/bonding agents and acrylic resin (p>0.05). 28877283 3 24 used used 476:479 arg2 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 24 used used 476:479 arg2 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 14 25 theme orthodontic 1418:1428 arg1 applications 1430:1441 orthodontic applications 1418:1441 orthodontic applications of these materials 1418:1460 Therefore, additional care is recommended to orthodontic applications of these materials. 28877283 8 26 theme commercial 941:950 arg1 brands 952:957 commercial brands 941:957 commercial brands 941:957 There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among commercial brands. 28877283 4 27 theme Limulus 576:582 arg1 test 611:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test 572:614 LPS quantification was performed by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test. 28877283 5 28 theme % 711:711 arg1 level 701:705 a significance level 686:705 a significance level of 5% 686:711 Data obtained were scored and subjected to the Chi-square test using a significance level of 5%. 28877283 1 29 theme study 100:104 arg1 aim 88:90 The aim 84:90 The aim of this study 84:104 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems, comparing two commercial brands. 28877283 1 30 theme commercial 187:196 arg1 brands 198:203 two commercial brands 183:203 two commercial brands 183:203 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems, comparing two commercial brands. 28877283 7 31 theme significant 795:805 arg1 difference 807:816 No statistically significant difference 778:816 No statistically significant difference 778:816 No statistically significant difference was found between composites/bonding agents and acrylic resin (p>0.05). 28877283 2 32 theme endotoxin 395:403 arg1 solution 405:412 a bacterial endotoxin solution 383:412 a bacterial endotoxin solution 383:412 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 8 33 theme significant 903:913 arg1 p>0.05 927:932 p>0.05 927:932 p>0.05 927:932 There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among commercial brands. 28877283 8 33 theme significant 903:913 arg1 difference 915:924 no significant difference 900:924 no significant difference (p>0.05) among commercial brands 900:957 There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among commercial brands. 28877283 3 34 theme resin 457:461 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 34 theme resin 457:461 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 0 35 theme different 32:40 arg1 types 42:46 different types 32:46 different types of orthodontic adhesives 32:71 Bacterial endotoxin adhesion to different types of orthodontic adhesives. 28877283 4 36 theme LPS 536:538 arg1 quantification 540:553 LPS quantification 536:553 LPS quantification 536:553 LPS quantification was performed by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate QCL-1000™ test. 28877283 2 37 theme METHODS 219:225 arg1 specimens 233:241 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens 206:241 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens 206:241 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 2 38 from immersion 370:378 arg1 solution 405:412 a bacterial endotoxin solution 383:412 a bacterial endotoxin solution 383:412 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 2 39 theme bacterial 385:393 arg1 endotoxin 395:403 a bacterial endotoxin 383:403 a bacterial endotoxin solution 383:412 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 0 40 theme orthodontic 51:61 arg1 adhesives 63:71 orthodontic adhesives 51:71 orthodontic adhesives 51:71 Bacterial endotoxin adhesion to different types of orthodontic adhesives. 28877283 13 41 theme adhesive 1355:1362 arg1 systems 1364:1370 orthodontic adhesive systems 1343:1370 orthodontic adhesive systems 1343:1370 This study revealed that LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 3 42 theme non-contaminated 432:447 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 42 theme non-contaminated 432:447 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 1 43 dep OBJECTIVE 74:82 arg1 was 106:108 was 106:108 was 106:108 OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems, comparing two commercial brands. 28877283 9 44 theme bonding 1016:1022 arg1 p=0.0025 1032:1039 p=0.0025 1032:1039 p=0.0025 1032:1039 Affinity of endotoxin was significantly greater for the bonding agents (p=0.0025). 28877283 9 44 theme bonding 1016:1022 arg1 agents 1024:1029 the bonding agents 1012:1029 the bonding agents (p=0.0025) 1012:1040 Affinity of endotoxin was significantly greater for the bonding agents (p=0.0025). 28877283 5 45 theme significance 688:699 arg1 level 701:705 a significance level 686:705 a significance level of 5% 686:711 Data obtained were scored and subjected to the Chi-square test using a significance level of 5%. 28877283 2 46 theme MATERIAL 206:213 arg1 specimens 233:241 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens 206:241 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens 206:241 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 3 47 theme negative 497:504 arg1 groups 514:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 positive and negative control groups 484:519 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 3 47 theme negative 497:504 arg1 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples 415:469 samples 463:469 Contaminated and non-contaminated acrylic resin samples were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. 28877283 11 48 theme higher 1148:1153 arg1 affinity 1155:1162 higher affinity 1148:1162 higher affinity for the bonding agents 1148:1185 Regardless of the brand, the endotoxin had higher affinity for the bonding agents than for the composites. 28877283 10 49 theme CONCLUSIONS 1043:1053 arg1 LPS 1055:1057 CONCLUSIONS LPS 1043:1057 CONCLUSIONS LPS 1043:1057 CONCLUSIONS LPS adhered to both orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 11 50 theme bonding 1172:1178 arg1 agents 1180:1185 the bonding agents 1168:1185 the bonding agents 1168:1185 Regardless of the brand, the endotoxin had higher affinity for the bonding agents than for the composites. 28877283 2 51 theme agent 314:318 arg1 components 320:329 bonding agent components 306:329 bonding agent components 306:329 MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty specimens were fabricated from Transbond XT and Light Bond composite and bonding agent components (n=10/component), then contaminated by immersion in a bacterial endotoxin solution. 28877283 12 52 theme LPS 1265:1267 arg1 affinity 1253:1260 the affinity 1249:1260 the affinity of LPS for orthodontic adhesive systems 1249:1300 There is no previous study assessing the affinity of LPS for orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 6 53 theme endotoxin 732:740 arg1 adhesion 742:749 endotoxin adhesion 732:749 endotoxin adhesion to all materials (p<0.05) 732:775 RESULTS There was endotoxin adhesion to all materials (p<0.05). 28877283 12 54 theme orthodontic 1273:1283 arg1 systems 1294:1300 orthodontic adhesive systems 1273:1300 orthodontic adhesive systems 1273:1300 There is no previous study assessing the affinity of LPS for orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 0 55 theme adhesives 63:71 arg1 types 42:46 different types 32:46 different types of orthodontic adhesives 32:71 Bacterial endotoxin adhesion to different types of orthodontic adhesives. 28877283 10 56 theme adhesive 1087:1094 arg1 systems 1096:1102 both orthodontic adhesive systems 1070:1102 both orthodontic adhesive systems 1070:1102 CONCLUSIONS LPS adhered to both orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 12 57 theme previous 1224:1231 arg1 study 1233:1237 no previous study 1221:1237 no previous study assessing the affinity of LPS for orthodontic adhesive systems 1221:1300 There is no previous study assessing the affinity of LPS for orthodontic adhesive systems. 28877283 13 58 theme orthodontic 1343:1353 arg1 systems 1364:1370 orthodontic adhesive systems 1343:1370 orthodontic adhesive systems 1343:1370 This study revealed that LPS adheres to orthodontic adhesive systems. 26454369 0 0 theme sodium 81:86 arg1 production 48:57 the production 44:57 the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept 44:161 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 4 1 theme step-by-step 542:553 arg1 process 555:561 A step-by-step process 540:561 A step-by-step process 540:561 A step-by-step process was designed to obtain fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar (alga residue) consecutively. 26454369 1 2 from resources 311:319 arg1 materials 286:294 interesting and important materials 260:294 interesting and important materials from renewable resources 260:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 1 2 from resources 311:319 arg1 range 251:255 a range 249:255 a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources 249:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 0 3 theme alginate 72:79 arg1 sodium 81:86 alginate sodium 72:86 alginate sodium 72:86 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 6 4 theme hydrothermal 905:916 arg1 treatment 918:926 hydrothermal treatment 905:926 hydrothermal treatment 905:926 To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. 26454369 0 5 theme sugars 89:94 arg1 production 48:57 the production 44:57 the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept 44:161 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 6 6 theme seaweed 814:820 arg1 sample 822:827 seaweed sample 814:827 seaweed sample 814:827 To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. 26454369 5 7 theme sugars 691:696 arg1 yields 660:665 The yields 656:665 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar 656:708 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 5 7 theme sugars 691:696 arg1 % 720:720 14.09% 715:720 14.09% 715:720 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 2 8 used used 356:359 arg2 resources 342:350 the resources 338:350 the resources 338:350 It ensures that the resources are used fully and that all parts of them are valorized. 26454369 3 9 theme microwave 518:526 arg1 technology 528:537 microwave technology 518:537 microwave technology 518:537 This paper develops this concept, using brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum as an example, by assistance of microwave technology. 26454369 0 10 theme biochar 100:106 arg1 production 48:57 the production 44:57 the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept 44:161 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 6 11 theme process 805:811 arg1 evaluation 775:784 an evaluation 772:784 an evaluation of the biorefinery process 772:811 To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. 26454369 4 12 theme alga 627:630 arg1 biochar 618:624 biochar 618:624 biochar (alga residue) 618:639 A step-by-step process was designed to obtain fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar (alga residue) consecutively. 26454369 4 12 theme alga 627:630 arg1 residue 632:638 alga residue 627:638 alga residue 627:638 A step-by-step process was designed to obtain fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar (alga residue) consecutively. 26454369 5 13 theme biochar 702:708 arg1 yields 660:665 The yields 656:665 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar 656:708 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 5 13 theme biochar 702:708 arg1 % 720:720 14.09% 715:720 14.09% 715:720 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 6 14 theme biorefinery 793:803 arg1 process 805:811 the biorefinery process 789:811 the biorefinery process 789:811 To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. 26454369 8 15 used used 1092:1095 arg2 nodosum 1063:1069 A. nodosum 1060:1069 A. nodosum 1060:1069 The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels. 26454369 8 15 used used 1092:1095 arg2 feedstock 1100:1108 feedstock 1100:1108 feedstock for a biorefinery process 1100:1134 The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels. 26454369 8 16 theme valuable 1147:1154 arg1 chemicals 1156:1164 valuable chemicals 1147:1164 valuable chemicals 1147:1164 The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels. 26454369 0 17 theme assisted 10:17 arg1 process 32:38 Microwave assisted step-by-step process 0:38 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 0:162 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 0 18 theme Microwave 0:8 arg1 process 32:38 Microwave assisted step-by-step process 0:38 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 0:162 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 1 19 theme interesting 260:270 arg1 materials 286:294 interesting and important materials 260:294 interesting and important materials from renewable resources 260:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 7 20 theme product 1005:1011 arg1 properties 986:995 properties 986:995 properties 986:995 The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. 26454369 7 20 theme product 1005:1011 arg1 composition 970:980 chemical composition 961:980 chemical composition 961:980 The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. 26454369 6 21 theme alginate 876:883 arg1 extraction 885:894 alginate extraction 876:894 alginate extraction only 876:899 To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. 26454369 1 22 from range 251:255 arg1 resources 311:319 renewable resources 301:319 renewable resources 301:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 3 23 theme technology 528:537 arg1 assistance 504:513 assistance 504:513 assistance of microwave technology 504:537 This paper develops this concept, using brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum as an example, by assistance of microwave technology. 26454369 1 24 theme important 186:194 arg1 concept 196:202 an important concept 183:202 an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources 183:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 1 24 theme important 186:194 arg1 biorefinery 168:178 The biorefinery 164:178 The biorefinery 164:178 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 0 25 theme step-by-step 19:30 arg1 process 32:38 Microwave assisted step-by-step process 0:38 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 0:162 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 1 26 theme important 276:284 arg1 materials 286:294 interesting and important materials 260:294 interesting and important materials from renewable resources 260:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 5 27 theme fucoidan 670:677 arg1 yields 660:665 The yields 656:665 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar 656:708 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 5 27 theme fucoidan 670:677 arg1 % 720:720 14.09% 715:720 14.09% 715:720 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 1 28 theme materials 286:294 arg1 range 251:255 a range 249:255 a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources 249:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 2 29 theme them 389:392 arg1 parts 380:384 all parts 376:384 all parts of them 376:392 It ensures that the resources are used fully and that all parts of them are valorized. 26454369 8 30 theme biorefinery 1116:1126 arg1 process 1128:1134 a biorefinery process 1114:1134 a biorefinery process 1114:1134 The results indicated that A. nodosum could be potentially used as feedstock for a biorefinery process to produce valuable chemicals and fuels. 26454369 5 31 theme alginates 680:688 arg1 yields 660:665 The yields 656:665 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar 656:708 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 5 31 theme alginates 680:688 arg1 % 720:720 14.09% 715:720 14.09% 715:720 The yields of fucoidan, alginates, sugars and biochar were 14.09%, 18.24%, 10.87% and 21.44%, respectively. 26454369 1 32 theme renewable 301:309 arg1 resources 311:319 renewable resources 301:319 renewable resources 301:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 0 33 theme biorefinery 143:153 arg1 concept 155:161 a biorefinery concept 141:161 a biorefinery concept 141:161 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 7 34 theme chemical 961:968 arg1 composition 970:980 chemical composition 961:980 chemical composition 961:980 The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. 26454369 0 35 from nodosum 125:131 arg1 production 48:57 the production 44:57 the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept 44:161 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 7 36 dep composition 970:980 arg1 The 957:959 The 957:959 The 957:959 The chemical composition and properties of each product were also analyzed. 26454369 1 37 theme alternative 227:237 arg1 routes 239:244 alternative routes 227:244 alternative routes 227:244 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 26454369 0 38 theme fucoidan 62:69 arg1 production 48:57 the production 44:57 the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept 44:161 Microwave assisted step-by-step process for the production of fucoidan, alginate sodium, sugars and biochar from Ascophyllum nodosum through a biorefinery concept. 26454369 6 39 theme fucoidan 850:857 arg1 extraction 859:868 fucoidan extraction 850:868 fucoidan extraction only 850:873 To make an evaluation of the biorefinery process, seaweed sample was also treated for fucoidan extraction only, alginate extraction only and hydrothermal treatment for sugars and biochar only. 26454369 1 40 theme routes 239:244 arg1 development 212:222 the development 208:222 the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources 208:319 The biorefinery is an important concept for the development of alternative routes to a range of interesting and important materials from renewable resources. 24685576 5 0 theme -α-GalAp- 673:681 arg1 backbone 604:611 the backbone 600:611 the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 600:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 4 1 theme composition 464:474 arg1 analysis 476:483 composition analysis 464:483 composition analysis 464:483 Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy. 24685576 7 2 from effect 855:860 arg1 indices 883:889 thymus and spleen indices 865:889 thymus and spleen indices 865:889 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 4 3 theme MS 544:545 arg1 spectroscopy 547:558 ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy 534:558 ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy 534:558 Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy. 24685576 0 4 from investigation 11:23 arg1 Sargassum 83:91 Sargassum 83:91 Sargassum 83:91 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 6 5 theme fucose 718:723 arg1 residues 725:732 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues 687:732 residues 725:732 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues were attached onto the backbone through the O-2 of some galactose residues. 24685576 4 6 theme ESI-Q-TOF 534:542 arg1 spectroscopy 547:558 ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy 534:558 ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy 534:558 Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy. 24685576 6 7 theme residues 800:807 arg1 O-2 778:780 the O-2 774:780 the O-2 of some galactose residues 774:807 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues were attached onto the backbone through the O-2 of some galactose residues. 24685576 5 8 theme -α-GalAp- 619:627 arg1 -α-GalAp- 673:681 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 6 9 theme terminal 709:716 arg1 residues 725:732 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues 687:732 residues 725:732 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues were attached onto the backbone through the O-2 of some galactose residues. 24685576 6 10 theme galactose 790:798 arg1 residues 800:807 some galactose residues 785:807 some galactose residues 785:807 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues were attached onto the backbone through the O-2 of some galactose residues. 24685576 5 11 contain contained 590:598 arg2 backbone 604:611 the backbone 600:611 the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 600:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 5 11 contain contained 590:598 arg1 SFPS65-B 581:588 SFPS65-B 581:588 SFPS65-B 581:588 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 5 12 theme -α-Fucp- 660:667 arg1 -α-GalAp- 673:681 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 7 13 theme good 850:853 arg1 effect 855:860 a good effect 848:860 a good effect on thymus and spleen indices 848:889 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 6 14 theme sulfated 691:698 arg1 unit 700:703 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues 687:732 unit 700:703 The sulfated unit and terminal fucose residues were attached onto the backbone through the O-2 of some galactose residues. 24685576 0 15 from activity 43:50 arg1 Sargassum 83:91 Sargassum 83:91 Sargassum 83:91 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 0 16 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 0 17 theme immunological 29:41 arg1 activity 43:50 immunological activity 29:50 immunological activity 29:50 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 4 18 theme NMR 512:514 arg1 spectroscopy 516:527 NMR spectroscopy 512:527 NMR spectroscopy 512:527 Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy. 24685576 5 19 theme 1→4 642:644 arg1 -α-GalAp- 673:681 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 7 20 contain had 844:846 arg1 SFPS65-B 835:842 SFPS65-B 835:842 SFPS65-B 835:842 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 7 20 contain had 844:846 arg2 effect 855:860 a good effect 848:860 a good effect on thymus and spleen indices 848:889 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 7 21 theme cyclophosphamide-treated 939:962 arg1 mice 964:967 cyclophosphamide-treated mice 939:967 cyclophosphamide-treated mice 939:967 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 2 22 contain have 224:227 arg2 weight 241:246 a molecular weight 229:246 a molecular weight of 11kDa 229:255 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 2 22 contain have 224:227 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 186:205 The heteropolysaccharide 182:205 The heteropolysaccharide 182:205 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 3 23 theme galacturonic 361:372 arg1 acid 374:377 galacturonic acid 361:377 galacturonic acid 361:377 SFPS65-B comprised galactose, glucose, mannose, fucose, and galacturonic acid at a ratio of 3.04:1:1.15:2.82:6.51. 24685576 5 24 theme -α-GalAp- 646:654 arg1 -α-GalAp- 673:681 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 3 25 theme 3.04:1:1.15:2.82:6.51 393:413 arg1 ratio 384:388 a ratio 382:388 a ratio of 3.04:1:1.15:2.82:6.51 382:413 SFPS65-B comprised galactose, glucose, mannose, fucose, and galacturonic acid at a ratio of 3.04:1:1.15:2.82:6.51. 24685576 4 26 theme structural 420:429 arg1 features 431:438 Its structural features 416:438 Its structural features 416:438 Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy. 24685576 2 27 theme 11kDa 251:255 arg1 weight 241:246 a molecular weight 229:246 a molecular weight of 11kDa 229:255 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 4 28 theme methylation 486:496 arg1 analysis 498:505 methylation analysis 486:505 methylation analysis 486:505 Its structural features were investigated using composition analysis, methylation analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-Q-TOF MS spectroscopy. 24685576 0 29 theme heteropolysaccharide 57:76 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 0 29 theme heteropolysaccharide 57:76 arg1 activity 43:50 immunological activity 29:50 immunological activity 29:50 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 5 30 theme 1→4 629:631 arg1 -α-GalAp- 673:681 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 7 31 theme 100mg/kg 904:911 arg1 dose 896:899 a dose 894:899 a dose of 100mg/kg 894:911 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 2 32 dep c 287:287 arg1 H2O 295:297 H2O 295:297 H2O 295:297 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 1 33 attach isolated 131:138 arg2 heteropolysaccharide 106:125 A heteropolysaccharide 104:125 A heteropolysaccharide 104:125 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 1 33 attach isolated 131:138 arg1 alga 155:158 the brown alga 145:158 the brown alga 145:158 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 1 33 attach isolated 131:138 arg1 fusiforme 171:179 Sargassum fusiforme 161:179 Sargassum fusiforme 161:179 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 5 34 dep -α-GalAp- 673:681 arg1 1→4 669:671 1→4 669:671 1→4 669:671 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 2 35 theme molecular 231:239 arg1 weight 241:246 a molecular weight 229:246 a molecular weight of 11kDa 229:255 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 0 36 from Sargassum 83:91 arg1 investigation 11:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation 0:23 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 0 36 from Sargassum 83:91 arg1 activity 43:50 immunological activity 29:50 immunological activity 29:50 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 0 36 from Sargassum 83:91 arg1 heteropolysaccharide 57:76 a heteropolysaccharide 55:76 a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum 55:91 Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 5 37 theme -α-Hexp- 633:640 arg1 -α-GalAp- 673:681 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→ 616:684 Results showed that SFPS65-B contained the backbone of →4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Hexp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→4)-α-Fucp-(1→4)-α-GalAp-(1→. 24685576 2 38 theme D 271:271 arg1 c 287:287 c 0.05 287:292 c 0.05 287:292 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 2 38 theme D 271:271 arg1 -62.2420 277:284 [α]D(20) -62.2420 268:284 [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O) 268:298 The heteropolysaccharide was estimated to have a molecular weight of 11kDa and showed [α]D(20) -62.2420 (c 0.05, H2O). 24685576 1 39 theme brown 149:153 arg1 alga 155:158 the brown alga 145:158 the brown alga 145:158 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 1 39 theme brown 149:153 arg1 fusiforme 171:179 Sargassum fusiforme 161:179 Sargassum fusiforme 161:179 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 7 40 theme spleen 876:881 arg1 indices 883:889 thymus and spleen indices 865:889 thymus and spleen indices 865:889 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 7 41 from immunosuppression 918:934 arg1 mice 964:967 cyclophosphamide-treated mice 939:967 cyclophosphamide-treated mice 939:967 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 7 42 theme thymus 865:870 arg1 indices 883:889 thymus and spleen indices 865:889 thymus and spleen indices 865:889 Results also showed that SFPS65-B had a good effect on thymus and spleen indices at a dose of 100mg/kg upon immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. 24685576 1 43 theme Sargassum 161:169 arg1 alga 155:158 the brown alga 145:158 the brown alga 145:158 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 24685576 1 43 theme Sargassum 161:169 arg1 fusiforme 171:179 Sargassum fusiforme 161:179 Sargassum fusiforme 161:179 A heteropolysaccharide was isolated from the brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme. 25458283 2 0 theme m 479:479 arg1 biomass 453:459 a mean biomass 446:459 a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) 446:491 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 0 1 from cultivation 10:20 arg1 IMTA 50:53 IMTA 50:53 IMTA 50:53 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 5 2 theme algal 1031:1035 arg1 growth 1037:1042 the algal growth 1027:1042 the algal growth 1027:1042 However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. 25458283 2 3 theme consecutive 359:369 arg1 experiments 379:389 two consecutive 4 weeks experiments 355:389 two consecutive 4 weeks experiments 355:389 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 2 4 dep m 479:479 arg1 day 485:487 day(-1) 485:491 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) 464:491 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 2 4 dep m 479:479 arg1 to 467:468 to 467:468 to 467:468 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 2 5 theme gDW 475:477 arg1 -2 481:482 -2 481:482 -2 481:482 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 2 5 theme gDW 475:477 arg1 m 479:479 21 to 40.6 gDW m 464:479 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) 464:491 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 3 6 theme seaweeds 641:648 arg1 chemistry 650:658 the seaweeds chemistry 637:658 the seaweeds chemistry 637:658 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 1 7 theme stellatus 159:167 arg1 yield 128:132 The biomass yield potential 116:142 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, 116:239 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 0 8 theme hybrid 85:90 arg1 properties 104:113 the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties 58:113 properties 104:113 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 0 9 from Impact 0:5 arg1 properties 104:113 the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties 58:113 properties 104:113 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 0 9 from Impact 0:5 arg1 chemistry 71:79 the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties 58:113 chemistry 71:79 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 0 9 from Impact 0:5 arg1 IMTA 50:53 IMTA 50:53 IMTA 50:53 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 4 10 theme KI 828:829 arg1 production 799:808 the production 795:808 the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments 795:906 Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. 25458283 0 11 from IMTA 50:53 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 0:114 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 4 12 theme sulphated 818:826 arg1 increase 847:854 the percentage increase 832:854 the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments 832:906 Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. 25458283 4 12 theme sulphated 818:826 arg1 KI 828:829 more sulphated KI 813:829 more sulphated KI 813:829 Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. 25458283 6 13 theme polysaccharides 1201:1215 arg1 production 1176:1185 the sustainable production 1160:1185 the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides 1160:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 6 14 theme stellatus 1096:1104 arg1 capacity 1073:1080 the capacity 1069:1080 the capacity of growing M. stellatus 1069:1104 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 6 15 theme value 1195:1199 arg1 polysaccharides 1201:1215 high value polysaccharides 1190:1215 high value polysaccharides 1190:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 6 16 theme multi-trophic 1123:1135 arg1 system 1149:1154 an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system 1109:1154 an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides 1109:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 0 17 theme carrageenan 92:102 arg1 properties 104:113 the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties 58:113 properties 104:113 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 6 18 theme high 1190:1193 arg1 polysaccharides 1201:1215 high value polysaccharides 1190:1215 high value polysaccharides 1190:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 3 19 theme extracts 716:723 arg1 properties 695:704 the chemical and gelling properties 670:704 the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI) 670:761 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 0 20 theme seaweeds 62:69 arg1 chemistry 71:79 the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties 58:113 chemistry 71:79 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 5 21 theme alkali 918:923 arg1 treatment 925:933 alkali treatment 918:933 alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction 918:963 However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. 25458283 2 22 theme mean 448:451 arg1 biomass 453:459 a mean biomass 446:459 a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) 446:491 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 6 23 theme integrated 1112:1121 arg1 system 1149:1154 an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system 1109:1154 an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides 1109:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 1 24 theme attractive 185:194 arg1 carrageenophyte 196:210 a commercially attractive carrageenophyte 170:210 a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics 170:238 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 1 24 theme attractive 185:194 arg1 stellatus 159:167 Mastocarpus stellatus 147:167 Mastocarpus stellatus 147:167 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 3 25 theme native 709:714 arg1 extracts 716:723 native extracts 709:723 native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI) 709:761 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 4 26 theme algal 773:777 arg1 growth 779:784 algal growth 773:784 algal growth 773:784 Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. 25458283 6 27 theme sustainable 1164:1174 arg1 production 1176:1185 the sustainable production 1160:1185 the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides 1160:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 2 28 theme seaweed 429:435 arg1 cultivation 409:419 the cultivation 405:419 the cultivation of this seaweed 405:435 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 0 29 theme cultivation 10:20 arg1 Impact 0:5 Impact 0:5 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 0:114 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 1 30 theme nutrient-rich 293:305 arg1 outflow 307:313 the nutrient-rich outflow 289:313 the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm 289:339 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 1 31 from seaweeds 277:284 arg1 outflow 307:313 the nutrient-rich outflow 289:313 the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm 289:339 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 5 32 theme gelling 991:997 arg1 properties 999:1008 gelling properties 991:1008 gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth 991:1042 However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. 25458283 2 33 theme weeks 373:377 arg1 experiments 379:389 two consecutive 4 weeks experiments 355:389 two consecutive 4 weeks experiments 355:389 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 0 34 theme stellatus 37:45 arg1 cultivation 10:20 cultivation 10:20 cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA 10:53 Impact of cultivation of Mastocarpus stellatus in IMTA on the seaweeds chemistry and hybrid carrageenan properties. 25458283 3 35 theme chemical 674:681 arg1 properties 695:704 the chemical and gelling properties 670:704 the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI) 670:761 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 3 36 theme kappa/iota-hybrid 728:744 arg1 KI 759:760 KI 759:760 KI 759:760 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 3 36 theme kappa/iota-hybrid 728:744 arg1 carrageenan 746:756 kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan 728:756 kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI) 728:761 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 3 37 theme CP-MAS 544:549 arg1 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses 534:562 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 3 38 theme carrageenan 746:756 arg1 extracts 716:723 native extracts 709:723 native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI) 709:761 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 2 39 theme experiment 522:531 arg1 time 510:513 the time 506:513 the time of the experiment 506:531 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 5 40 theme KI 1013:1014 arg1 properties 999:1008 gelling properties 991:1008 gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth 991:1042 However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. 25458283 2 41 from experiments 379:389 arg1 Results 342:348 Results 342:348 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments 342:389 Results from two consecutive 4 weeks experiments indicate that the cultivation of this seaweed produces a mean biomass of 21 to 40.6 gDW m(-2) day(-1) depending on the time of the experiment. 25458283 1 42 theme commercial 320:329 arg1 farm 336:339 a commercial fish farm 318:339 a commercial fish farm 318:339 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 3 43 theme DRIFT 534:538 arg1 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses 534:562 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 1 44 theme fish 331:334 arg1 farm 336:339 a commercial fish farm 318:339 a commercial fish farm 318:339 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 6 45 theme aquaculture 1137:1147 arg1 system 1149:1154 an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system 1109:1154 an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides 1109:1215 This study demonstrates the capacity of growing M. stellatus in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system for the sustainable production of high value polysaccharides. 25458283 5 46 theme seaweeds 938:945 arg1 treatment 925:933 alkali treatment 918:933 alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction 918:963 However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. 25458283 1 47 theme biomass 120:126 arg1 yield 128:132 The biomass yield potential 116:142 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, 116:239 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 4 48 theme percentage 836:845 arg1 increase 847:854 the percentage increase 832:854 the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments 832:906 Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. 25458283 4 48 theme percentage 836:845 arg1 KI 828:829 more sulphated KI 813:829 more sulphated KI 813:829 Overall, algal growth leads to the production of more sulphated KI, the percentage increase varying between 27% and 44% for the two experiments. 25458283 3 49 theme seaweeds 567:574 arg1 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses 534:562 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 3 50 theme gelling 687:693 arg1 properties 695:704 the chemical and gelling properties 670:704 the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI) 670:761 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 5 51 from variations 977:986 arg1 properties 999:1008 gelling properties 991:1008 gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth 991:1042 However, alkali treatment of seaweeds before extraction reduces the variations in gelling properties of KI induced by the algal growth. 25458283 3 52 theme NMR 551:553 arg1 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses 534:562 analyses 555:562 DRIFT and CP-MAS NMR analyses of seaweeds indicate that cultivation during May affected quantitatively the seaweeds chemistry, and thus the chemical and gelling properties of native extracts of kappa/iota-hybrid carrageenan (KI). 25458283 1 53 theme potential 134:142 arg1 yield 128:132 The biomass yield potential 116:142 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, 116:239 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 25458283 1 54 theme farm 336:339 arg1 outflow 307:313 the nutrient-rich outflow 289:313 the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm 289:339 The biomass yield potential of Mastocarpus stellatus, a commercially attractive carrageenophyte for foods and pharmaceutics, was investigated by cultivating the seaweeds in the nutrient-rich outflow of a commercial fish farm. 24512452 2 0 theme conditions 340:349 arg1 range 315:319 a wide range 308:319 a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis 308:383 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 2 1 theme reaction 331:338 arg1 conditions 340:349 common reaction conditions 324:349 common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis 324:383 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 0 2 theme carbohydrate-associated 99:121 arg1 amines 123:128 carbohydrate-associated amines 99:128 carbohydrate-associated amines 99:128 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate protecting groups for carbohydrate-associated amines. 24512452 3 3 from useful 531:536 arg1 synthesis 545:553 the synthesis 541:553 the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines 541:616 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 1 4 theme amines 257:262 arg1 masking 246:252 the masking 242:252 the masking of amines 242:262 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 3 5 contain containing 491:500 arg1 acceptor 482:489 A glycosyl acceptor 471:489 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group 471:514 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 3 5 contain containing 491:500 arg1 useful 531:536 useful 531:536 useful 531:536 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 3 5 contain containing 491:500 arg2 group 510:514 the FNB group 502:514 the FNB group 502:514 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 1 6 theme photolabile-protecting 148:169 arg1 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 6 theme photolabile-protecting 148:169 arg1 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 6 theme photolabile-protecting 148:169 arg1 groups 171:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups 131:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) 131:191 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 2 7 theme solid-phase 440:450 arg1 FSPE 464:467 FSPE 464:467 FSPE 464:467 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 2 7 theme solid-phase 440:450 arg1 extraction 452:461 fluorous solid-phase extraction 431:461 fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE) 431:468 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 2 8 theme oligosaccharide 359:373 arg1 synthesis 375:383 oligosaccharide synthesis 359:383 oligosaccharide synthesis 359:383 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 2 9 theme fluorous 431:438 arg1 FSPE 464:467 FSPE 464:467 FSPE 464:467 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 2 9 theme fluorous 431:438 arg1 extraction 452:461 fluorous solid-phase extraction 431:461 fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE) 431:468 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 1 10 dep groups 171:176 arg1 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 10 dep groups 171:176 arg1 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 10 dep groups 171:176 arg1 groups 171:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups 131:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) 131:191 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 2 11 theme amenable 419:426 arg1 molecules 409:417 the attached molecules 396:417 the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE) 396:468 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 0 12 theme fluorous 13:20 arg1 aldehyde 34:41 fluorous photolabile aldehyde 13:41 fluorous photolabile aldehyde 13:41 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate protecting groups for carbohydrate-associated amines. 24512452 2 13 theme protecting 282:291 arg1 groups 293:298 The protecting groups 278:298 The protecting groups 278:298 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 1 14 theme base-labile 203:213 arg1 FOC 233:235 FOC 233:235 FOC 233:235 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 14 theme base-labile 203:213 arg1 group 226:230 a new base-labile protecting group 197:230 a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) 197:236 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 15 theme protecting 215:224 arg1 FOC 233:235 FOC 233:235 FOC 233:235 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 15 theme protecting 215:224 arg1 group 226:230 a new base-labile protecting group 197:230 a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) 197:236 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 2 16 theme attached 400:407 arg1 molecules 409:417 the attached molecules 396:417 the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE) 396:468 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 0 17 theme aldehyde 34:41 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate 0:75 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate protecting groups for carbohydrate-associated amines. 24512452 0 18 theme photolabile 22:32 arg1 aldehyde 34:41 fluorous photolabile aldehyde 13:41 fluorous photolabile aldehyde 13:41 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate protecting groups for carbohydrate-associated amines. 24512452 3 19 theme carbohydrates 558:570 arg1 synthesis 545:553 the synthesis 541:553 the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines 541:616 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 2 20 theme common 324:329 arg1 conditions 340:349 common reaction conditions 324:349 common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis 324:383 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 0 21 theme carbamate 47:55 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate 0:75 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate protecting groups for carbohydrate-associated amines. 24512452 3 22 theme FNB 506:508 arg1 group 510:514 the FNB group 502:514 the FNB group 502:514 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 1 23 theme new 135:137 arg1 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 23 theme new 135:137 arg1 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 23 theme new 135:137 arg1 groups 171:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups 131:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) 131:191 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 3 24 theme free 584:587 arg1 amines 611:616 free deactivated secondary amines 584:616 free deactivated secondary amines 584:616 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 1 25 theme fluorous 139:146 arg1 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 FNB 188:190 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 25 theme fluorous 139:146 arg1 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 FNBC 179:182 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 25 theme fluorous 139:146 arg1 groups 171:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups 131:176 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) 131:191 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 2 26 theme wide 310:313 arg1 range 315:319 a wide range 308:319 a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis 308:383 The protecting groups survive a wide range of common reaction conditions used in oligosaccharide synthesis and render the attached molecules amenable to fluorous solid-phase extraction (FSPE). 24512452 3 27 from synthesis 545:553 arg1 acceptor 482:489 A glycosyl acceptor 471:489 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group 471:514 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 3 27 from synthesis 545:553 arg1 useful 531:536 useful 531:536 useful 531:536 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 3 28 theme deactivated 589:599 arg1 amines 611:616 free deactivated secondary amines 584:616 free deactivated secondary amines 584:616 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 1 29 theme new 199:201 arg1 FOC 233:235 FOC 233:235 FOC 233:235 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 1 29 theme new 199:201 arg1 group 226:230 a new base-labile protecting group 197:230 a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) 197:236 Two new fluorous photolabile-protecting groups (FNBC and FNB) and a new base-labile protecting group (FOC) for the masking of amines are reported. 24512452 3 30 theme glycosyl 473:480 arg1 acceptor 482:489 A glycosyl acceptor 471:489 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group 471:514 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 3 30 theme glycosyl 473:480 arg1 useful 531:536 useful 531:536 useful 531:536 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 24512452 0 31 theme alkyl 61:65 arg1 carbamate 67:75 alkyl carbamate 61:75 alkyl carbamate 61:75 Synthesis of fluorous photolabile aldehyde and carbamate and alkyl carbamate protecting groups for carbohydrate-associated amines. 24512452 3 32 theme secondary 601:609 arg1 amines 611:616 free deactivated secondary amines 584:616 free deactivated secondary amines 584:616 A glycosyl acceptor containing the FNB group is shown to be useful in the synthesis of carbohydrates tagged with free deactivated secondary amines. 27599128 0 0 theme Pleurotus 97:105 arg1 citrinopileatus 107:121 Pleurotus citrinopileatus 97:121 Pleurotus citrinopileatus 97:121 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 27599128 1 1 theme gel 294:296 arg1 chromatography 305:318 anion-exchange and gel column chromatography 275:318 chromatography 305:318 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 2 contain containing 155:164 arg1 polysaccharide 140:153 A water-soluble polysaccharide 124:153 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) 124:194 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 2 contain containing 155:164 arg2 galactose 177:185 3-O-methyl galactose 166:185 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) 166:194 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 2 contain containing 155:164 arg2 PCP60W 188:193 PCP60W 188:193 PCP60W 188:193 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 3 3 link 4-linked 715:722 arg1 glucose 724:730 4-linked glucose 715:730 4-linked glucose 715:730 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 1 4 theme column 298:303 arg1 chromatography 305:318 anion-exchange and gel column chromatography 275:318 chromatography 305:318 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 2 5 theme average 348:354 arg1 weight 366:371 an average molecular weight 345:371 an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da 345:388 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 0 6 theme citrinopileatus 107:121 arg1 bodies 87:92 fruiting bodies 78:92 fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 78:121 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 27599128 3 7 theme 3.0:1.0:0.6 746:756 arg1 ratio 737:741 a ratio 735:741 a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6 735:756 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 2 8 theme one- 495:498 arg1 spectroscopy 560:571 one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy 495:571 one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy 495:571 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 9 theme NMR 556:558 arg1 spectroscopy 560:571 one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy 495:571 one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy 495:571 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 10 dep two-dimensional 504:518 arg1 HMBC 550:553 HMBC 550:553 HMBC 550:553 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 10 dep two-dimensional 504:518 arg1 COSY 521:524 COSY 521:524 COSY 521:524 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 10 dep two-dimensional 504:518 arg1 HMQC 541:544 HMQC 541:544 HMQC 541:544 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 10 dep two-dimensional 504:518 arg1 NOESY 534:538 NOESY 534:538 NOESY 534:538 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 10 dep two-dimensional 504:518 arg1 TOCSY 527:531 TOCSY 527:531 TOCSY 527:531 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 11 theme methylation 460:470 arg1 analysis 472:479 methylation analysis 460:479 methylation analysis 460:479 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 1 12 theme fruiting 214:221 arg1 bodies 223:228 fruiting bodies 214:228 fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 214:257 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 0 13 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide 0:39 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 27599128 3 14 theme linear 599:604 arg1 α-galactopyranan 631:646 a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan 597:646 a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose 597:730 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 3 14 theme linear 599:604 arg1 PCP60W 574:579 PCP60W 574:579 PCP60W 574:579 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 3 15 theme 3-O-methylated 616:629 arg1 α-galactopyranan 631:646 a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan 597:646 a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose 597:730 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 3 15 theme 3-O-methylated 616:629 arg1 PCP60W 574:579 PCP60W 574:579 PCP60W 574:579 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 3 16 from α-galactopyranan 631:646 arg1 ratio 737:741 a ratio 735:741 a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6 735:756 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 0 17 theme polysaccharide 26:39 arg1 elucidation 11:21 Structural elucidation 0:21 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide 0:39 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 27599128 2 18 theme molecular 356:364 arg1 weight 366:371 an average molecular weight 345:371 an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da 345:388 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 19 theme two-dimensional 504:518 arg1 spectroscopy 560:571 one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy 495:571 one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy 495:571 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 20 contain has 341:343 arg2 weight 366:371 an average molecular weight 345:371 an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da 345:388 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 20 contain has 341:343 arg1 polysaccharide 326:339 This polysaccharide 321:339 This polysaccharide 321:339 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 3 21 theme 4-linked 715:722 arg1 glucose 724:730 4-linked glucose 715:730 4-linked glucose 715:730 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 1 22 theme water-soluble 126:138 arg1 polysaccharide 140:153 A water-soluble polysaccharide 124:153 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) 124:194 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 23 theme Pleurotus 233:241 arg1 citrinopileatus 243:257 Pleurotus citrinopileatus 233:257 Pleurotus citrinopileatus 233:257 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 0 24 theme 3-O-methyl 52:61 arg1 galactose 63:71 3-O-methyl galactose 52:71 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 52:121 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 27599128 1 25 attach isolated 200:207 arg2 polysaccharide 140:153 A water-soluble polysaccharide 124:153 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) 124:194 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 25 attach isolated 200:207 arg1 bodies 223:228 fruiting bodies 214:228 fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 214:257 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 26 theme citrinopileatus 243:257 arg1 bodies 223:228 fruiting bodies 214:228 fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 214:257 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 0 27 from bodies 87:92 arg1 galactose 63:71 3-O-methyl galactose 52:71 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 52:121 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 27599128 3 28 link 6-linked 681:688 arg1 galactose 701:709 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose 681:709 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose 681:709 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 4 29 theme additional 778:787 arg1 evidence 789:796 additional evidence 778:796 additional evidence for the view that 3-O-methyl galactose is common to the genus Pleurotus 778:868 This work provides additional evidence for the view that 3-O-methyl galactose is common to the genus Pleurotus. 27599128 3 30 link 6-linked 661:668 arg1 galactose 670:678 6-linked galactose 661:678 6-linked galactose 661:678 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 4 31 theme genus 854:858 arg1 Pleurotus 860:868 the genus Pleurotus 850:868 the genus Pleurotus 850:868 This work provides additional evidence for the view that 3-O-methyl galactose is common to the genus Pleurotus. 27599128 3 32 theme 6-linked 681:688 arg1 galactose 701:709 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose 681:709 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose 681:709 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 3 33 theme 6-linked 661:668 arg1 galactose 670:678 6-linked galactose 661:678 6-linked galactose 661:678 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 1 34 theme 3-O-methyl 166:175 arg1 PCP60W 188:193 PCP60W 188:193 PCP60W 188:193 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 1 34 theme 3-O-methyl 166:175 arg1 galactose 177:185 3-O-methyl galactose 166:185 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) 166:194 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 4 35 theme 3-O-methyl 816:825 arg1 galactose 827:835 3-O-methyl galactose 816:835 3-O-methyl galactose 816:835 This work provides additional evidence for the view that 3-O-methyl galactose is common to the genus Pleurotus. 27599128 3 36 theme 3-O-methyl 690:699 arg1 galactose 701:709 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose 681:709 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose 681:709 PCP60W was shown to be a linear partially 3-O-methylated α-galactopyranan comprised of 6-linked galactose, 6-linked 3-O-methyl galactose and 4-linked glucose in a ratio of 3.0:1.0:0.6. 27599128 2 37 theme 2.74 × 104 Da 376:388 arg1 weight 366:371 an average molecular weight 345:371 an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da 345:388 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 2 38 theme monosaccharide 429:442 arg1 composition 444:454 monosaccharide composition 429:454 monosaccharide composition 429:454 This polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 2.74 × 104 Da and its structure was elucidated using monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis combined with one- and two-dimensional (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy. 27599128 1 39 theme anion-exchange 275:288 arg1 chromatography 305:318 anion-exchange and gel column chromatography 275:318 chromatography 305:318 A water-soluble polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose (PCP60W) was isolated from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and purified by anion-exchange and gel column chromatography. 27599128 0 40 theme fruiting 78:85 arg1 bodies 87:92 fruiting bodies 78:92 fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus 78:121 Structural elucidation of polysaccharide containing 3-O-methyl galactose from fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. 26983229 0 0 theme Resources 89:97 arg1 Stems 70:74 Dendrobium Stems 59:74 Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources 59:97 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 2 1 theme silica 518:523 arg1 column 535:540 a fused silica capillary column 510:540 a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) 510:556 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 2 from HPCE 502:505 arg1 column 535:540 a fused silica capillary column 510:540 a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) 510:556 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 3 from °C 564:565 arg1 HPCE 502:505 HPCE 502:505 HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) 502:625 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 0 4 theme Different 79:87 arg1 Resources 89:97 Different Resources 79:97 Different Resources 79:97 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 4 5 theme Dendrobiurms 871:882 arg1 samples 884:890 the five Dendrobiurms samples 862:890 the five Dendrobiurms samples 862:890 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 0 6 from [Study 0:5 arg1 Stems 70:74 Dendrobium Stems 59:74 Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources 59:97 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 0 6 from [Study 0:5 arg1 Compositions 25:36 Monosaccharide Compositions 10:36 Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide 10:54 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 6 7 theme effective 1207:1215 arg1 strategy 1217:1224 an effective strategy 1204:1224 an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems 1204:1322 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 6 7 theme effective 1207:1215 arg1 technique 1105:1113 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique 1085:1113 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics 1085:1140 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 1 8 theme bioactive 367:375 arg1 components 377:386 their bioactive components 361:386 their bioactive components 361:386 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 2 9 theme mmol/L 576:581 arg1 BAS 583:585 350 mmol/L BAS 572:585 350 mmol/L BAS 572:585 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 10 theme mol/L 615:619 arg1 NaOH 621:624 1.0 mol/L NaOH 611:624 1.0 mol/L NaOH 611:624 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 6 11 theme quality 1285:1291 arg1 assessment 1293:1302 the quality assessment 1281:1302 the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems 1281:1322 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 1 12 theme components 377:386 arg1 similarities 345:356 the similarities 341:356 the similarities of their bioactive components 341:386 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 2 13 theme 1.0 611:613 arg1 mol/L 615:619 mol/L 615:619 mol/L 615:619 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 14 dep METHODS 389:395 arg1 separated 489:497 separated 489:497 were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min 484:654 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 4 15 located detected 850:857 arg1 samples 884:890 the five Dendrobiurms samples 862:890 the five Dendrobiurms samples 862:890 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 4 15 located detected 850:857 arg2 monosaccharides 753:767 Total six monosaccharides 743:767 Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose 743:843 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 2 16 theme polysaccharide 424:437 arg1 buffer 638:643 running buffer 630:643 running buffer for 34 min 630:654 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 16 theme polysaccharide 424:437 arg1 PMP-monosaccharides 401:419 The PMP-monosaccharides 397:419 The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples 397:482 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 3 17 theme applied 661:667 arg1 voltage 669:675 The applied voltage 657:675 The applied voltage 657:675 The applied voltage was 20 kV and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. 26983229 3 17 theme applied 661:667 arg1 kV 684:685 20 kV 681:685 20 kV 681:685 The applied voltage was 20 kV and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. 26983229 4 18 theme same 955:958 arg1 species 971:977 the same Dendrobium species 951:977 the same Dendrobium species 951:977 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 2 19 theme fused 512:516 arg1 column 535:540 a fused silica capillary column 510:540 a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) 510:556 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 6 20 theme PMP-HPCE 1096:1103 arg1 strategy 1217:1224 an effective strategy 1204:1224 an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems 1204:1322 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 6 20 theme PMP-HPCE 1096:1103 arg1 technique 1105:1113 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique 1085:1113 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics 1085:1140 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 1 21 theme wild 292:295 arg1 henanese 307:314 wild Dedrobium henanese 292:314 tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese 209:314 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 2 22 theme running 630:636 arg1 buffer 638:643 running buffer 630:643 running buffer for 34 min 630:654 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 22 theme running 630:636 arg1 PMP-monosaccharides 401:419 The PMP-monosaccharides 397:419 The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples 397:482 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 6 23 theme CONCLUSION 1085:1094 arg1 strategy 1217:1224 an effective strategy 1204:1224 an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems 1204:1322 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 6 23 theme CONCLUSION 1085:1094 arg1 technique 1105:1113 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique 1085:1113 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics 1085:1140 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 1 24 theme polysaccharide 191:204 arg1 monosaccharides 172:186 the monosaccharides 168:186 the monosaccharides of polysaccharide 168:204 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 4 25 theme species 971:977 arg1 batches 940:946 the ten batches 932:946 the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species 932:977 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 1 26 theme Dedrobium 297:305 arg1 henanese 307:314 wild Dedrobium henanese 292:314 tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese 209:314 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 6 27 theme Dendrobium 1307:1316 arg1 stems 1318:1322 Dendrobium stems 1307:1322 Dendrobium stems 1307:1322 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 2 28 theme investigated 453:464 arg1 samples 476:482 the five investigated Dedrobium samples 444:482 the five investigated Dedrobium samples 444:482 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 29 theme Dedrobium 466:474 arg1 samples 476:482 the five investigated Dedrobium samples 444:482 the five investigated Dedrobium samples 444:482 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 1 30 theme tissue-cultured 209:223 arg1 huoshanese 244:253 Dedrobium huoshanese 234:253 Dedrobium huoshanese 234:253 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 0 31 theme Polysaccharide 41:54 arg1 Compositions 25:36 Monosaccharide Compositions 10:36 Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide 10:54 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 4 32 dep RESULTS 735:741 arg1 detected 850:857 detected 850:857 were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples 845:890 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 4 32 dep RESULTS 735:741 arg1 0 994:994 0 994:994 0 994:994 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 4 33 theme Total 743:747 arg1 monosaccharides 753:767 Total six monosaccharides 743:767 Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose 743:843 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 1 34 theme wild 229:232 arg1 huoshanese 244:253 Dedrobium huoshanese 234:253 Dedrobium huoshanese 234:253 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 0 35 theme Dendrobium 59:68 arg1 Stems 70:74 Dendrobium Stems 59:74 Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources 59:97 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 2 36 theme 350 572:574 arg1 mmol/L 576:581 mmol/L 576:581 mmol/L 576:581 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 3 37 theme detection 695:703 arg1 wavelength 705:714 the detection wavelength 691:714 the detection wavelength 691:714 The applied voltage was 20 kV and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. 26983229 6 38 dep simple 1145:1150 arg1 precise 1165:1171 precise 1165:1171 precise 1165:1171 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 6 38 dep simple 1145:1150 arg1 convenient 1153:1162 convenient 1153:1162 convenient 1153:1162 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 6 38 dep simple 1145:1150 arg1 reproducible 1174:1185 reproducible 1174:1185 reproducible 1174:1185 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 5 39 theme different 1064:1072 arg1 resources 1074:1082 different resources 1064:1082 different resources 1064:1082 98,while remarkable dissimilarity were exhibited among species and different resources. 26983229 4 40 theme galacturonic 816:827 arg1 xylose 779:784 xylose 779:784 xylose 779:784 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 4 40 theme galacturonic 816:827 arg1 acid 829:832 galacturonic acid 816:832 galacturonic acid 816:832 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 5 41 theme remarkable 1006:1015 arg1 dissimilarity 1017:1029 remarkable dissimilarity 1006:1029 remarkable dissimilarity 1006:1029 98,while remarkable dissimilarity were exhibited among species and different resources. 26983229 6 42 theme stems 1318:1322 arg1 assessment 1293:1302 the quality assessment 1281:1302 the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems 1281:1322 CONCLUSION PMP-HPCE technique combined with chemometrics is simple, convenient, precise, reproducible and proved to be an effective strategy for identifying the species and origins, especially in the quality assessment of Dendrobium stems. 26983229 2 43 dep column 535:540 arg1 cm 546:547 100 cm x 50 µm 542:555 cm 546:547 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 43 dep column 535:540 arg1 µm 554:555 100 cm x 50 µm 542:555 µm 554:555 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 4 44 theme Dendrobium 960:969 arg1 species 971:977 the same Dendrobium species 951:977 the same Dendrobium species 951:977 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 1 45 theme Dedrobium 234:242 arg1 huoshanese 244:253 Dedrobium huoshanese 234:253 Dedrobium huoshanese 234:253 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 4 46 theme similarity 900:909 arg1 coefficients 911:922 the similarity coefficients 896:922 the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species 896:977 RESULTS Total six monosaccharides including xylose, glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and ribose were detected in the five Dendrobiurms samples and the similarity coefficients between the ten batches of the same Dendrobium species were all above 0. 26983229 1 47 theme PMP-HPCE 138:145 arg1 method 147:152 a PMP-HPCE method 136:152 a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese 136:314 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 26983229 2 48 theme capillary 525:533 arg1 column 535:540 a fused silica capillary column 510:540 a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) 510:556 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 49 from samples 476:482 arg1 buffer 638:643 running buffer 630:643 running buffer for 34 min 630:654 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 2 49 from samples 476:482 arg1 PMP-monosaccharides 401:419 The PMP-monosaccharides 397:419 The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples 397:482 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 0 50 theme Monosaccharide 10:23 arg1 Compositions 25:36 Monosaccharide Compositions 10:36 Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide 10:54 [Study on Monosaccharide Compositions of Polysaccharide in Dendrobium Stems of Different Resources by PMP-HPCE]. 26983229 2 51 with °C 564:565 arg1 BAS 583:585 350 mmol/L BAS 572:585 350 mmol/L BAS 572:585 METHODS The PMP-monosaccharides of polysaccharide from the five investigated Dedrobium samples were separated by HPCE on a fused silica capillary column(100 cm x 50 µm) at 25 °C with 350 mmol/L BAS (adjusted to pH 10 with 1.0 mol/L NaOH) as running buffer for 34 min. 26983229 1 52 theme Dedrobium 259:267 arg1 moniliforme 269:279 Dedrobium moniliforme 259:279 Dedrobium moniliforme 259:279 OBJECTIVE To establish a PMP-HPCE method for comparing the monosaccharides of polysaccharide in tissue-cultured and wild Dedrobium huoshanese and Dedrobium moniliforme as well as wild Dedrobium henanese, in order to investigate the similarities of their bioactive components. 24363112 0 0 theme chiral 74:79 arg1 selectors 81:89 novel chiral selectors 68:89 novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis 68:118 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 7 1 theme duloxetine 1239:1248 arg1 separation 1085:1094 satisfactory separation 1072:1094 satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1072:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 1 theme duloxetine 1239:1248 arg1 resolution 1213:1222 partial resolution 1205:1222 partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol 1205:1265 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 5 2 theme applied 904:910 arg1 voltage 912:918 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 834:918 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 834:918 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 9 3 theme better 1440:1445 arg1 capability 1466:1475 a better enantiorecognition capability 1438:1475 a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs 1438:1508 The results indicated that CSE has a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs. 24363112 1 4 theme polysaccharides 236:250 arg1 number 226:231 the number 222:231 the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors 222:275 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 1 4 theme polysaccharides 236:250 arg1 small 286:290 small 286:290 small 286:290 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 0 5 theme novel 68:72 arg1 selectors 81:89 novel chiral selectors 68:89 novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis 68:118 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 6 6 used used 952:955 arg2 design 941:946 A central composite design 921:946 A central composite design 921:946 A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. 24363112 5 7 theme 2.8-3.4 834:840 arg1 voltage 912:918 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 834:918 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 834:918 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 2 8 theme sulfated 482:489 arg1 E 415:415 chondroitin sulfate E 395:415 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) 395:421 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 8 theme sulfated 482:489 arg1 polysaccharides 491:505 linear, sulfated polysaccharides 474:505 polysaccharides 491:505 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 8 theme sulfated 482:489 arg1 D 383:383 Chondroitin sulfate D 363:383 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) 363:389 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 7 9 theme optimized 1277:1285 arg1 conditions 1287:1296 the optimized conditions 1273:1296 the optimized conditions 1273:1296 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 10 theme citalopram 1227:1236 arg1 separation 1085:1094 satisfactory separation 1072:1094 satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1072:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 10 theme citalopram 1227:1236 arg1 resolution 1213:1222 partial resolution 1205:1222 partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol 1205:1265 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 11 theme tryptophan 1169:1178 arg1 ester 1187:1191 tryptophan methyl ester 1169:1191 tryptophan methyl ester 1169:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 1 12 used utilized 156:163 arg2 selectors 136:144 Various chiral selectors 121:144 Various chiral selectors 121:144 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 1 13 theme chiral 260:265 arg1 selectors 267:275 chiral selectors 260:275 chiral selectors 260:275 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 2 14 theme linear 474:479 arg1 E 415:415 chondroitin sulfate E 395:415 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) 395:421 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 14 theme linear 474:479 arg1 polysaccharides 491:505 linear, sulfated polysaccharides 474:505 polysaccharides 491:505 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 14 theme linear 474:479 arg1 D 383:383 Chondroitin sulfate D 363:383 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) 363:389 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 5 15 theme drug 777:780 arg1 enantiomers 782:792 drug enantiomers 777:792 drug enantiomers 777:792 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 5 16 theme Tris/H3PO4 854:863 arg1 buffer 865:870 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer 848:870 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE 848:892 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 0 17 theme capillary 94:102 arg1 electrophoresis 104:118 capillary electrophoresis 94:118 capillary electrophoresis 94:118 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 5 18 with buffer 865:870 arg1 CSE 890:892 CSE 890:892 CSE 890:892 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 5 18 with buffer 865:870 arg1 CSD 883:885 5.0 % CSD 877:885 5.0 % CSD 877:885 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 4 19 theme applied 704:710 arg1 voltage 712:718 applied voltage 704:718 applied voltage 704:718 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. 24363112 6 20 theme satisfactory 1009:1020 arg1 uniformity 1022:1031 satisfactory uniformity 1009:1031 satisfactory uniformity 1009:1031 A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. 24363112 1 21 theme capillary 181:189 arg1 electrophoresis 191:205 capillary electrophoresis 181:205 capillary electrophoresis (CE) 181:210 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 1 21 theme capillary 181:189 arg1 CE 208:209 CE 208:209 CE 208:209 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 7 22 theme enantiomers 1103:1113 arg1 separation 1085:1094 satisfactory separation 1072:1094 satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1072:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 22 theme enantiomers 1103:1113 arg1 resolution 1213:1222 partial resolution 1205:1222 partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol 1205:1265 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 23 theme partial 1205:1211 arg1 resolution 1213:1222 partial resolution 1205:1222 partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol 1205:1265 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 4 24 theme chiral 669:674 arg1 concentration 685:697 chiral selector concentration 669:697 chiral selector concentration 669:697 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. 24363112 6 25 theme separation 983:992 arg1 parameters 994:1003 the optimized separation parameters 969:1003 the optimized separation parameters 969:1003 A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. 24363112 7 26 theme satisfactory 1072:1083 arg1 separation 1085:1094 satisfactory separation 1072:1094 satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1072:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 5 27 theme 5.0  877:880 arg1 % 881:881 % 881:881 % 881:881 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 2 28 theme sulfate 375:381 arg1 E 415:415 chondroitin sulfate E 395:415 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) 395:421 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 28 theme sulfate 375:381 arg1 polysaccharides 491:505 linear, sulfated polysaccharides 474:505 polysaccharides 491:505 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 28 theme sulfate 375:381 arg1 CSD 386:388 CSD 386:388 CSD 386:388 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 28 theme sulfate 375:381 arg1 D 383:383 Chondroitin sulfate D 363:383 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) 363:389 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 0 29 theme sulfate 29:35 arg1 Investigation 0:12 Investigation 0:12 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 0:119 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 5 30 theme % 881:881 arg1 CSD 883:885 5.0 % CSD 877:885 5.0 % CSD 877:885 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 2 31 theme sulfate 407:413 arg1 CSE 418:420 CSE 418:420 CSE 418:420 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 31 theme sulfate 407:413 arg1 E 415:415 chondroitin sulfate E 395:415 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) 395:421 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 31 theme sulfate 407:413 arg1 polysaccharides 491:505 linear, sulfated polysaccharides 474:505 polysaccharides 491:505 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 31 theme sulfate 407:413 arg1 D 383:383 Chondroitin sulfate D 363:383 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) 363:389 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 0 32 theme chondroitin 17:27 arg1 sulfate 29:35 chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E 17:63 chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E 17:63 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 2 33 theme large 512:516 arg1 mass 518:521 large mass 512:521 large mass 512:521 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 4 34 theme selector 676:683 arg1 concentration 685:697 chiral selector concentration 669:697 chiral selector concentration 669:697 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. 24363112 9 35 theme enantiorecognition 1447:1464 arg1 capability 1466:1475 a better enantiorecognition capability 1438:1475 a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs 1438:1508 The results indicated that CSE has a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs. 24363112 2 36 theme chondroitin 395:405 arg1 CSE 418:420 CSE 418:420 CSE 418:420 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 36 theme chondroitin 395:405 arg1 E 415:415 chondroitin sulfate E 395:415 chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) 395:421 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 36 theme chondroitin 395:405 arg1 polysaccharides 491:505 linear, sulfated polysaccharides 474:505 polysaccharides 491:505 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 36 theme chondroitin 395:405 arg1 D 383:383 Chondroitin sulfate D 363:383 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) 363:389 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 7 37 theme laudanosine 1130:1140 arg1 enantiomers 1103:1113 the enantiomers 1099:1113 the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1099:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 4 38 theme buffer 642:647 arg1 composition 649:659 buffer composition 642:659 buffer composition 642:659 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. 24363112 7 39 theme amlodipine 1118:1127 arg1 enantiomers 1103:1113 the enantiomers 1099:1113 the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1099:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 40 theme methyl 1180:1185 arg1 ester 1187:1191 tryptophan methyl ester 1169:1191 tryptophan methyl ester 1169:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 5 41 theme buffer 815:820 arg1 range 825:829 the buffer pH range 811:829 the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 811:918 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 5 42 theme enantiomers 782:792 arg1 enantiomers 782:792 drug enantiomers 777:792 drug enantiomers 777:792 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 5 42 theme enantiomers 782:792 arg1 variety 766:772 A variety 764:772 A variety of drug enantiomers 764:792 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 7 43 theme nefopam 1143:1149 arg1 enantiomers 1103:1113 the enantiomers 1099:1113 the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1099:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 5 44 theme 20 mM 848:852 arg1 Tris/H3PO4 854:863 Tris/H3PO4 854:863 Tris/H3PO4 854:863 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 0 45 theme sulfate 55:61 arg1 E 63:63 chondroitin sulfate E 43:63 chondroitin sulfate E 43:63 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 5 46 theme pH 822:823 arg1 range 825:829 the buffer pH range 811:829 the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 811:918 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 8 47 theme nefopam 1377:1383 arg1 separation 1338:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation 1311:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole 1311:1400 CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. 24363112 8 48 theme baseline 1329:1336 arg1 separation 1338:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation 1311:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole 1311:1400 CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. 24363112 4 49 theme composition 649:659 arg1 effect 632:637 The effect 628:637 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage 628:718 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. 24363112 0 50 theme chondroitin 43:53 arg1 E 63:63 chondroitin sulfate E 43:63 chondroitin sulfate E 43:63 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 6 51 theme optimized 973:981 arg1 parameters 994:1003 the optimized separation parameters 969:1003 the optimized separation parameters 969:1003 A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. 24363112 8 52 theme sulconazole 1390:1400 arg1 separation 1338:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation 1311:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole 1311:1400 CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. 24363112 9 53 contain has 1434:1436 arg2 capability 1466:1475 a better enantiorecognition capability 1438:1475 a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs 1438:1508 The results indicated that CSE has a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs. 24363112 9 53 contain has 1434:1436 arg1 CSE 1430:1432 CSE 1430:1432 CSE 1430:1432 The results indicated that CSE has a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs. 24363112 1 54 theme Various 121:127 arg1 selectors 136:144 Various chiral selectors 121:144 Various chiral selectors 121:144 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 8 55 theme laudanosine 1364:1374 arg1 separation 1338:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation 1311:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole 1311:1400 CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. 24363112 3 56 theme first 570:574 arg1 time 576:579 the first time 566:579 the first time for their potential as chiral selectors by CE 566:625 In this paper, they were investigated for the first time for their potential as chiral selectors by CE. 24363112 0 57 dep sulfate 29:35 arg1 E 63:63 chondroitin sulfate E 43:63 chondroitin sulfate E 43:63 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 0 57 dep sulfate 29:35 arg1 D 37:37 D 37:37 D 37:37 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 8 58 theme partial 1311:1317 arg1 separation 1338:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation 1311:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole 1311:1400 CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. 24363112 1 59 theme chiral 129:134 arg1 selectors 136:144 Various chiral selectors 121:144 Various chiral selectors 121:144 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 2 60 with polysaccharides 491:505 arg1 mass 518:521 large mass 512:521 large mass 512:521 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 5 61 theme 20 kV 898:902 arg1 voltage 912:918 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 834:918 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 834:918 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 3 62 theme chiral 604:609 arg1 selectors 611:619 chiral selectors 604:619 chiral selectors by CE 604:625 In this paper, they were investigated for the first time for their potential as chiral selectors by CE. 24363112 5 63 theme voltage 912:918 arg1 range 825:829 the buffer pH range 811:829 the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage 811:918 A variety of drug enantiomers were resolved in the buffer pH range of 2.8-3.4 using 20 mM Tris/H3PO4 buffer with 5.0 % CSD or CSE and 20 kV applied voltage. 24363112 4 64 theme pH 665:666 arg1 effect 632:637 The effect 628:637 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage 628:718 The effect of buffer composition and pH, chiral selector concentration, and applied voltage were systematically examined and optimized. 24363112 7 65 theme sulconazole 1152:1162 arg1 enantiomers 1103:1113 the enantiomers 1099:1113 the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1099:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 0 66 from selectors 81:89 arg1 electrophoresis 104:118 capillary electrophoresis 94:118 capillary electrophoresis 94:118 Investigation of chondroitin sulfate D and chondroitin sulfate E as novel chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. 24363112 7 67 theme propranolol 1255:1265 arg1 separation 1085:1094 satisfactory separation 1072:1094 satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1072:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 7 67 theme propranolol 1255:1265 arg1 resolution 1213:1222 partial resolution 1205:1222 partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol 1205:1265 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 2 68 theme Chondroitin 363:373 arg1 sulfate 375:381 Chondroitin sulfate 363:381 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) 363:389 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 9 69 theme tested 1497:1502 arg1 drugs 1504:1508 the tested drugs 1493:1508 the tested drugs 1493:1508 The results indicated that CSE has a better enantiorecognition capability than CSD toward the tested drugs. 24363112 6 70 theme composite 931:939 arg1 design 941:946 A central composite design 921:946 A central composite design 921:946 A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. 24363112 2 71 theme glycosaminoglycans 450:467 arg1 glycosaminoglycans 450:467 glycosaminoglycans 450:467 glycosaminoglycans 450:467 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 2 71 theme glycosaminoglycans 450:467 arg1 group 441:445 the group 437:445 the group of glycosaminoglycans 437:467 Chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), belonging to the group of glycosaminoglycans, are linear, sulfated polysaccharides with large mass. 24363112 1 72 theme enantiorecognition 313:330 arg1 mechanism 300:308 the mechanism 296:308 the mechanism of enantiorecognition 296:330 Various chiral selectors have been utilized successfully in capillary electrophoresis (CE); however, the number of polysaccharides used as chiral selectors is still small and the mechanism of enantiorecognition has not been fully elucidated. 24363112 8 73 theme amlodipine 1352:1361 arg1 separation 1338:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation 1311:1347 partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole 1311:1400 CSD allowed partial or nearly baseline separation of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, and sulconazole. 24363112 7 74 theme ester 1187:1191 arg1 enantiomers 1103:1113 the enantiomers 1099:1113 the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester 1099:1191 As observed, CSE allowed satisfactory separation of the enantiomers of amlodipine, laudanosine, nefopam, sulconazole, and tryptophan methyl ester, as well as partial resolution of citalopram, duloxetine, and propranolol under the optimized conditions. 24363112 6 75 theme central 923:929 arg1 design 941:946 A central composite design 921:946 A central composite design 921:946 A central composite design was used to validate the optimized separation parameters and satisfactory uniformity was obtained. 29304442 0 0 theme BIM 94:96 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 53:70 the lipopolysaccharide 49:70 the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 49:103 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 1 1 dep putida 291:296 arg1 Pseudomonas 279:289 Pseudomonas 279:289 Pseudomonas 279:289 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 2 theme lipopolysaccharide 220:237 arg1 preparation 239:249 a lipopolysaccharide preparation 218:249 a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 218:334 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 0 3 theme putida 87:92 arg1 BIM 94:96 Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 75:103 Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 75:103 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 0 4 from analysis 11:18 arg1 lipopolysaccharide 53:70 the lipopolysaccharide 49:70 the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 49:103 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 1 5 dep bacterium 269:277 arg1 BIM 298:300 BIM B-1100 298:307 the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 265:334 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 6 dep together 136:143 arg1 with 145:148 with 145:148 with 145:148 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 0 7 from lipopolysaccharide 53:70 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 0:104 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 0 7 from lipopolysaccharide 53:70 arg1 O-polysaccharide 27:42 the O-polysaccharide 23:42 the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 23:103 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 2 8 theme composition 405:415 arg1 analysis 417:424 composition analysis 405:424 composition analysis 405:424 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 0 9 theme Structural 0:9 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 0:104 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 1 10 dep -α-d-Glcp- 156:165 arg1 glucan 170:175 1→ glucan 167:175 1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen 167:195 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 10 dep -α-d-Glcp- 156:165 arg1 →4 153:154 →4 153:154 →4 153:154 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 11 theme bacterial 178:186 arg1 glycogen 188:195 bacterial glycogen 178:195 1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen 167:195 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 12 theme specific 110:117 arg1 polysaccharides 119:133 Two specific polysaccharides 106:133 Two specific polysaccharides 106:133 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 2 13 theme Smith 427:431 arg1 degradation 433:443 Smith degradation 427:443 Smith degradation 427:443 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 2 14 theme NMR 468:470 arg1 spectroscopy 472:483 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy 458:483 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy 458:483 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 1 15 theme putida 291:296 arg1 bacterium 269:277 the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 265:334 the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 265:334 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 16 dep glucan 170:175 arg1 glycogen 188:195 bacterial glycogen 178:195 1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen 167:195 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 0 17 theme O-polysaccharide 27:42 arg1 analysis 11:18 Structural analysis 0:18 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 0:104 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 2 18 theme 2D 465:466 arg1 spectroscopy 472:483 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy 458:483 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy 458:483 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 2 19 theme following 341:349 arg1 structures 351:360 The following structures 337:360 The following structures of the polysaccharides 337:383 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 2 20 theme 1D 458:459 arg1 spectroscopy 472:483 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy 458:483 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy 458:483 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 1 21 theme phenol/water 312:323 arg1 extraction 325:334 phenol/water extraction 312:334 phenol/water extraction 312:334 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 0 22 theme Pseudomonas 75:85 arg1 BIM 94:96 Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 75:103 Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 75:103 Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100. 29304442 2 23 theme polysaccharides 369:383 arg1 structures 351:360 The following structures 337:360 The following structures of the polysaccharides 337:383 The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. 29304442 1 24 attach isolated 251:258 arg2 preparation 239:249 a lipopolysaccharide preparation 218:249 a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 218:334 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 29304442 1 24 attach isolated 251:258 arg1 bacterium 269:277 the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 265:334 the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction 265:334 Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. 25843842 3 0 theme rigid 411:415 arg1 conformation 421:432 rigid rod conformation 411:432 rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions 411:454 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 7 1 theme gelation 895:902 arg1 mechanism 904:912 the gelation mechanism 891:912 the gelation mechanism 891:912 Manipulating the composition by adding urea and salts highlighted the important role of hydrogen bonding, which governs the gelation mechanism. 25843842 1 2 theme 0.75 173:176 arg1 fraction 161:168 pectin weight fraction 147:168 pectin weight fraction of 0.75 147:176 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 9 3 theme first 1044:1048 arg1 study 1084:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study 1040:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1040:1122 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 9 3 theme first 1044:1048 arg1 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 5 4 theme mixed 595:599 arg1 solutions 601:609 mixed solutions 595:609 mixed solutions 595:609 Pectin and chitosan in mixed solutions adopted a similar semiflexible conformation. 25843842 4 5 located detected 542:549 arg2 aggregates 526:535 nanometric aggregates 515:535 nanometric aggregates 515:535 In addition, nanometric aggregates were detected in pectin solutions. 25843842 4 5 located detected 542:549 arg1 solutions 561:569 pectin solutions 554:569 pectin solutions 554:569 In addition, nanometric aggregates were detected in pectin solutions. 25843842 4 5 located detected 542:549 arg1 addition 505:512 addition 505:512 addition 505:512 In addition, nanometric aggregates were detected in pectin solutions. 25843842 6 6 theme different 719:727 arg1 pattern 729:735 a different pattern 717:735 a different pattern 717:735 The only sample that created a visually stable gel displayed a different pattern, characteristic to polymers gels. 25843842 2 7 theme small 312:316 arg1 scattering 330:339 small angle X-ray scattering 312:339 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 312:346 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 7 theme small 312:316 arg1 tool 373:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 7 theme small 312:316 arg1 SAXS 342:345 SAXS 342:345 SAXS 342:345 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 9 8 theme systematic 1068:1077 arg1 study 1084:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study 1040:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1040:1122 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 9 8 theme systematic 1068:1077 arg1 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 7 9 theme bonding 868:874 arg1 role 851:854 the important role 837:854 the important role 837:854 Manipulating the composition by adding urea and salts highlighted the important role of hydrogen bonding, which governs the gelation mechanism. 25843842 1 10 theme pectin 147:152 arg1 fraction 161:168 pectin weight fraction 147:168 pectin weight fraction of 0.75 147:176 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 1 11 theme acidic 182:187 arg1 pH 189:190 acidic pH 182:190 acidic pH 182:190 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 0 12 theme mixed 54:58 arg1 solutions 60:68 pectin-chitosan mixed solutions 38:68 pectin-chitosan mixed solutions 38:68 Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin-chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. 25843842 5 13 theme similar 621:627 arg1 conformation 642:653 a similar semiflexible conformation 619:653 a similar semiflexible conformation 619:653 Pectin and chitosan in mixed solutions adopted a similar semiflexible conformation. 25843842 5 14 from chitosan 583:590 arg1 solutions 601:609 mixed solutions 595:609 mixed solutions 595:609 Pectin and chitosan in mixed solutions adopted a similar semiflexible conformation. 25843842 9 15 theme SAXS 1079:1082 arg1 study 1084:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study 1040:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1040:1122 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 9 15 theme SAXS 1079:1082 arg1 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 0 16 theme X-ray 12:16 arg1 scattering 18:27 Small-angle X-ray scattering 0:27 Small-angle X-ray scattering 0:27 Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin-chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. 25843842 5 17 theme semiflexible 629:640 arg1 conformation 642:653 a similar semiflexible conformation 619:653 a similar semiflexible conformation 619:653 Pectin and chitosan in mixed solutions adopted a similar semiflexible conformation. 25843842 1 18 theme Hot 97:99 arg1 solutions 101:109 Hot solutions 97:109 Hot solutions 97:109 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 6 19 theme stable 696:701 arg1 gel 703:705 a visually stable gel 685:705 a visually stable gel 685:705 The only sample that created a visually stable gel displayed a different pattern, characteristic to polymers gels. 25843842 2 20 theme experimental 360:371 arg1 tool 373:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 20 theme experimental 360:371 arg1 scattering 330:339 small angle X-ray scattering 312:339 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 312:346 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 0 21 theme Small-angle 0:10 arg1 scattering 18:27 Small-angle X-ray scattering 0:27 Small-angle X-ray scattering 0:27 Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin-chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. 25843842 5 22 from Pectin 572:577 arg1 solutions 601:609 mixed solutions 595:609 mixed solutions 595:609 Pectin and chitosan in mixed solutions adopted a similar semiflexible conformation. 25843842 7 23 theme hydrogen 859:866 arg1 bonding 868:874 hydrogen bonding 859:874 hydrogen bonding 859:874 Manipulating the composition by adding urea and salts highlighted the important role of hydrogen bonding, which governs the gelation mechanism. 25843842 2 24 theme main 355:358 arg1 tool 373:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 24 theme main 355:358 arg1 scattering 330:339 small angle X-ray scattering 312:339 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 312:346 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 25 theme gelation 297:304 arg1 origin 282:287 the origin 278:287 the origin of this gelation 278:304 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 9 26 theme pectin-chitosan 1099:1113 arg1 mixtures 1115:1122 these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1093:1122 these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1093:1122 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 7 27 theme important 841:849 arg1 role 851:854 the important role 837:854 the important role 837:854 Manipulating the composition by adding urea and salts highlighted the important role of hydrogen bonding, which governs the gelation mechanism. 25843842 0 28 theme pectin-chitosan 38:52 arg1 solutions 60:68 pectin-chitosan mixed solutions 38:68 pectin-chitosan mixed solutions 38:68 Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin-chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. 25843842 4 29 theme pectin 554:559 arg1 solutions 561:569 pectin solutions 554:569 pectin solutions 554:569 In addition, nanometric aggregates were detected in pectin solutions. 25843842 3 30 dep rigid 411:415 arg1 rod 417:419 rod 417:419 rod 417:419 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 3 31 theme chitosan 437:444 arg1 solutions 446:454 chitosan solutions 437:454 chitosan solutions 437:454 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 4 32 theme nanometric 515:524 arg1 aggregates 526:535 nanometric aggregates 515:535 nanometric aggregates 515:535 In addition, nanometric aggregates were detected in pectin solutions. 25843842 3 33 theme Modeling 379:386 arg1 patterns 393:400 Modeling SAXS patterns 379:400 Modeling SAXS patterns 379:400 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 1 34 contain containing 111:120 arg2 pectin 122:127 pectin 122:127 pectin 122:127 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 1 34 contain containing 111:120 arg1 solutions 101:109 Hot solutions 97:109 Hot solutions 97:109 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 1 34 contain containing 111:120 arg2 chitosan 133:140 chitosan 133:140 chitosan 133:140 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 8 35 theme electrostatic 929:941 arg1 interactions 943:954 electrostatic interactions 929:954 electrostatic interactions 929:954 Nevertheless, electrostatic interactions were also found to take part in the gelation. 25843842 3 36 theme SAXS 388:391 arg1 patterns 393:400 Modeling SAXS patterns 379:400 Modeling SAXS patterns 379:400 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 6 37 theme polymers 756:763 arg1 gels 765:768 polymers gels 756:768 polymers gels 756:768 The only sample that created a visually stable gel displayed a different pattern, characteristic to polymers gels. 25843842 3 38 theme self-avoiding 481:493 arg1 chain 495:499 a self-avoiding chain 479:499 a self-avoiding chain 479:499 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 2 39 theme X-ray 324:328 arg1 scattering 330:339 small angle X-ray scattering 312:339 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 312:346 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 39 theme X-ray 324:328 arg1 tool 373:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 39 theme X-ray 324:328 arg1 SAXS 342:345 SAXS 342:345 SAXS 342:345 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 6 40 theme only 660:663 arg1 sample 665:670 The only sample 656:670 The only sample that created a visually stable gel 656:705 The only sample that created a visually stable gel displayed a different pattern, characteristic to polymers gels. 25843842 9 41 from study 1084:1088 arg1 mixtures 1115:1122 these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1093:1122 these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1093:1122 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 6 42 theme characteristic 738:751 arg1 pattern 729:735 a different pattern 717:735 a different pattern 717:735 The only sample that created a visually stable gel displayed a different pattern, characteristic to polymers gels. 25843842 2 43 theme angle 318:322 arg1 scattering 330:339 small angle X-ray scattering 312:339 small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 312:346 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 43 theme angle 318:322 arg1 tool 373:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 the main experimental tool 351:376 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 2 43 theme angle 318:322 arg1 SAXS 342:345 SAXS 342:345 SAXS 342:345 This study explores the origin of this gelation using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as the main experimental tool. 25843842 0 44 theme thermoreversible 74:89 arg1 gels 91:94 thermoreversible gels 74:94 thermoreversible gels 74:94 Small-angle X-ray scattering study on pectin-chitosan mixed solutions and thermoreversible gels. 25843842 9 45 theme comprehensive 1050:1062 arg1 study 1084:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study 1040:1088 the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures 1040:1122 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 9 45 theme comprehensive 1050:1062 arg1 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 this 1032:1035 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematic SAXS study on these pectin-chitosan mixtures. 25843842 1 46 theme weight 154:159 arg1 fraction 161:168 pectin weight fraction 147:168 pectin weight fraction of 0.75 147:176 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 1 47 from solutions 101:109 arg1 pH 189:190 acidic pH 182:190 acidic pH 182:190 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 25843842 3 48 from conformation 421:432 arg1 solutions 446:454 chitosan solutions 437:454 chitosan solutions 437:454 Modeling SAXS patterns revealed rigid rod conformation in chitosan solutions, whereas pectin formed a self-avoiding chain. 25843842 1 49 theme room 240:243 arg1 temperature 245:255 room temperature 240:255 room temperature 240:255 Hot solutions containing pectin and chitosan with pectin weight fraction of 0.75, in acidic pH, demonstrate gelation occurring upon cooling to room temperature. 26572369 4 0 theme enzymatic 886:894 arg1 digestion 896:904 enzymatic digestion 886:904 enzymatic digestion 886:904 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 4 1 theme Vh-amylose 686:695 arg1 structures 697:706 Vh-amylose structures 686:706 Vh-amylose structures in the composite 686:723 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 5 2 theme β-carotene 967:976 arg1 content 978:984 the β-carotene content 963:984 the β-carotene content of the ordered structure 963:1009 As more β-carotene was incorporated into the composite, the β-carotene content of the ordered structure was increased. 26572369 3 3 theme scanning 503:510 arg1 calorimetry 512:522 differential scanning calorimetry 490:522 differential scanning calorimetry 490:522 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 4 4 from matrices 673:680 arg1 composite 715:723 the composite 711:723 the composite 711:723 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 3 5 theme calorimetry 512:522 arg1 analysis 524:531 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis 468:531 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis 468:531 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 1 6 theme % 234:234 arg1 w/v 236:238 1, 3, or 5% w/v 224:238 1, 3, or 5% w/v 224:238 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 6 theme % 234:234 arg1 pastes 216:221 starch pastes 209:221 starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) 209:239 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 7 theme ethanol 140:146 arg1 addition 128:135 drop-wise addition 118:135 drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene 118:299 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 6 8 theme starch-β-carotene 1039:1055 arg1 composites 1057:1066 starch-β-carotene composites 1039:1066 starch-β-carotene composites 1039:1066 Formation of starch-β-carotene composites also appeared to enhance the stability of β-carotene against chemical oxidation. 26572369 3 9 theme differential 490:501 arg1 calorimetry 512:522 differential scanning calorimetry 490:522 differential scanning calorimetry 490:522 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 4 10 theme amorphous 663:671 arg1 matrices 673:680 amorphous matrices 663:680 amorphous matrices 663:680 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 1 11 theme drop-wise 118:126 arg1 addition 128:135 drop-wise addition 118:135 drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene 118:299 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 12 dep contents 178:185 arg1 10 191:192 10 191:192 10 191:192 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 12 dep contents 178:185 arg1 20mg 198:201 20mg 198:201 20mg 198:201 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 12 dep contents 178:185 arg1 5 188:188 5 188:188 5 188:188 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 6 13 theme composites 1057:1066 arg1 Formation 1026:1034 Formation 1026:1034 Formation of starch-β-carotene composites 1026:1066 Formation of starch-β-carotene composites also appeared to enhance the stability of β-carotene against chemical oxidation. 26572369 3 14 theme starch-β-carotene 620:636 arg1 structures 646:655 starch-β-carotene ordered structures 620:655 starch-β-carotene ordered structures 620:655 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 2 15 theme composites 327:336 arg1 nm 356:357 less than 900 nm 342:357 less than 900 nm 342:357 The mean diameter of the composites was less than 900 nm, allowing particles to be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media for over two weeks without sedimentation. 26572369 2 15 theme composites 327:336 arg1 diameter 311:318 The mean diameter 302:318 The mean diameter of the composites 302:336 The mean diameter of the composites was less than 900 nm, allowing particles to be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media for over two weeks without sedimentation. 26572369 0 16 theme starch-β-carotene 41:57 arg1 composites 59:68 corn starch-β-carotene composites 36:68 corn starch-β-carotene composites 36:68 Preparation and characterization of corn starch-β-carotene composites. 26572369 3 17 theme ordered 638:644 arg1 structures 646:655 starch-β-carotene ordered structures 620:655 starch-β-carotene ordered structures 620:655 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 5 18 theme structure 1001:1009 arg1 content 978:984 the β-carotene content 963:984 the β-carotene content of the ordered structure 963:1009 As more β-carotene was incorporated into the composite, the β-carotene content of the ordered structure was increased. 26572369 1 19 theme starch 209:214 arg1 w/v 236:238 1, 3, or 5% w/v 224:238 1, 3, or 5% w/v 224:238 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 19 theme starch 209:214 arg1 pastes 216:221 starch pastes 209:221 starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) 209:239 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 0 20 theme corn 36:39 arg1 composites 59:68 corn starch-β-carotene composites 36:68 corn starch-β-carotene composites 36:68 Preparation and characterization of corn starch-β-carotene composites. 26572369 4 21 dep exhibited 851:859 arg1 inhibited 861:869 inhibited 861:869 exhibited inhibited 851:869 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 2 22 theme aqueous 412:418 arg1 media 420:424 aqueous media 412:424 aqueous media 412:424 The mean diameter of the composites was less than 900 nm, allowing particles to be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media for over two weeks without sedimentation. 26572369 6 23 theme β-carotene 1110:1119 arg1 stability 1097:1105 the stability 1093:1105 the stability of β-carotene against chemical oxidation 1093:1146 Formation of starch-β-carotene composites also appeared to enhance the stability of β-carotene against chemical oxidation. 26572369 2 24 theme mean 306:309 arg1 nm 356:357 less than 900 nm 342:357 less than 900 nm 342:357 The mean diameter of the composites was less than 900 nm, allowing particles to be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media for over two weeks without sedimentation. 26572369 2 24 theme mean 306:309 arg1 diameter 311:318 The mean diameter 302:318 The mean diameter of the composites 302:336 The mean diameter of the composites was less than 900 nm, allowing particles to be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media for over two weeks without sedimentation. 26572369 0 25 theme composites 59:68 arg1 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 characterization 16:31 Preparation and characterization of corn starch-β-carotene composites. 26572369 0 25 theme composites 59:68 arg1 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation 0:10 Preparation and characterization of corn starch-β-carotene composites. 26572369 5 26 theme ordered 993:999 arg1 structure 1001:1009 the ordered structure 989:1009 the ordered structure 989:1009 As more β-carotene was incorporated into the composite, the β-carotene content of the ordered structure was increased. 26572369 3 27 theme starch 599:604 arg1 matrices 606:613 amorphous starch matrices 589:613 amorphous starch matrices 589:613 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 1 28 theme varying 159:165 arg1 contents 178:185 varying β-carotene contents 159:185 varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene 159:299 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 4 29 theme vitro 764:768 arg1 digestion 770:778 vitro digestion 764:778 vitro digestion 764:778 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 1 30 theme Starch-β-carotene 71:87 arg1 composites 89:98 Starch-β-carotene composites 71:98 Starch-β-carotene composites 71:98 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 31 theme β-carotene 167:176 arg1 contents 178:185 varying β-carotene contents 159:185 varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene 159:299 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 6 32 theme chemical 1129:1136 arg1 oxidation 1138:1146 chemical oxidation 1129:1146 chemical oxidation 1129:1146 Formation of starch-β-carotene composites also appeared to enhance the stability of β-carotene against chemical oxidation. 26572369 4 33 theme ordered 794:800 arg1 structures 802:811 highly ordered structures 787:811 highly ordered structures 787:811 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 26572369 3 34 theme X-ray 468:472 arg1 diffraction 474:484 X-ray diffraction 468:484 X-ray diffraction 468:484 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 1 35 theme β-carotene 290:299 arg1 stability 277:285 stability 277:285 stability 277:285 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 1 35 theme β-carotene 290:299 arg1 water-dispersibility 252:271 water-dispersibility 252:271 water-dispersibility 252:271 Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. 26572369 3 36 theme amorphous 589:597 arg1 matrices 606:613 amorphous starch matrices 589:613 amorphous starch matrices 589:613 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 3 37 theme diffraction 474:484 arg1 analysis 524:531 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis 468:531 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis 468:531 X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. 26572369 4 38 from structures 697:706 arg1 composite 715:723 the composite 711:723 the composite 711:723 Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. 25585256 1 0 dep ratio 288:292 arg1 to 278:279 to 278:279 to 278:279 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 1 with pretreatment 154:165 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 4 2 theme APP-pretreated 631:644 arg1 corncob 646:652 APP-pretreated corncob 631:652 APP-pretreated corncob 631:652 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 1 3 theme time 250:253 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 2 4 theme potassium 356:364 arg1 permanganate 366:377 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate 347:377 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C 347:418 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 3 5 theme significant 464:474 arg1 cellulose 490:498 the cellulose 486:498 the cellulose 486:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 5 theme significant 464:474 arg1 removal 568:574 the lignin removal 557:574 the lignin removal of corncob 557:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 5 theme significant 464:474 arg1 recoveries 532:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 5 theme significant 464:474 arg1 % 481:481 94.56% 476:481 94.56% of the cellulose 476:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 6 6 theme APP 918:920 arg1 novel 947:951 novel 947:951 novel 947:951 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 6 6 theme APP 918:920 arg1 process 935:941 The APP pretreatment process 914:941 The APP pretreatment process 914:941 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 3 7 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 removal 568:574 the lignin removal 557:574 the lignin removal of corncob 557:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 7 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 % 481:481 94.56% 476:481 94.56% of the cellulose 476:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 7 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 % 509:509 81.47% 504:509 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries 504:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 7 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 % 552:552 46.79% 547:552 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob 547:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 7 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 cellulose 490:498 the cellulose 486:498 the cellulose 486:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 7 theme cellulose 490:498 arg1 recoveries 532:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 4 8 theme reducing 592:599 arg1 8.39g/L 658:664 8.39g/L 658:664 8.39g/L 658:664 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 4 8 theme reducing 592:599 arg1 sugar 601:605 The reducing sugar 588:605 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob 588:652 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 1 9 theme temperature 256:266 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 4 10 theme enzymatic 676:684 arg1 hydrolysis 686:695 12h enzymatic hydrolysis 672:695 12h enzymatic hydrolysis 672:695 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 2 11 from 50°C 415:418 arg1 6h 409:410 6h 409:410 6h at 50°C 409:418 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 6 12 theme structural 1034:1043 arg1 features 1045:1052 structural features 1034:1052 structural features 1034:1052 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 5 13 theme Physical 785:792 arg1 characteristics 794:808 Physical characteristics 785:808 Physical characteristics 785:808 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 5 13 theme Physical 785:792 arg1 structure 829:837 structure 829:837 structure 829:837 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 5 13 theme Physical 785:792 arg1 crystallinity 811:823 crystallinity 811:823 crystallinity 811:823 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 2 14 with permanganate 366:377 arg1 SLR 384:386 SLR 384:386 SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C 384:418 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 4 15 theme pretreated 764:773 arg1 corncobs 775:782 raw and acid pretreated corncobs 751:782 corncobs 775:782 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 2 16 dep % 348:348 arg1 w/v 351:353 w/v 351:353 w/v 351:353 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 4 17 from sugar 601:605 arg1 hydrolysate 614:624 the hydrolysate 610:624 the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob 610:652 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 4 17 from sugar 601:605 arg1 corncob 646:652 APP-pretreated corncob 631:652 APP-pretreated corncob 631:652 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 1 18 theme corncob 170:176 arg1 pretreatment 154:165 the pretreatment 150:165 the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 150:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 4 19 theme acid 759:762 arg1 corncobs 775:782 raw and acid pretreated corncobs 751:782 corncobs 775:782 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 1 20 theme Alkaline 88:95 arg1 APP 130:132 APP 130:132 APP 130:132 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 20 theme Alkaline 88:95 arg1 solution 120:127 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution 88:127 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) 88:133 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 21 theme potassium 97:105 arg1 APP 130:132 APP 130:132 APP 130:132 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 21 theme potassium 97:105 arg1 solution 120:127 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution 88:127 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) 88:133 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 22 theme solid 272:276 arg1 SLR 295:297 SLR 295:297 SLR 295:297 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 22 theme solid 272:276 arg1 ratio 288:292 solid to liquid ratio 272:292 solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 272:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 23 theme permanganate 107:118 arg1 APP 130:132 APP 130:132 APP 130:132 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 23 theme permanganate 107:118 arg1 solution 120:127 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution 88:127 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) 88:133 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 6 24 theme pretreatment 922:933 arg1 novel 947:951 novel 947:951 novel 947:951 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 6 24 theme pretreatment 922:933 arg1 process 935:941 The APP pretreatment process 914:941 The APP pretreatment process 914:941 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 1 25 theme simple 185:190 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 2 26 theme treating 396:403 arg1 1:10 391:394 1:10 treating 391:403 1:10 treating 391:403 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 4 27 theme 12h 672:674 arg1 hydrolysis 686:695 12h enzymatic hydrolysis 672:695 12h enzymatic hydrolysis 672:695 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 4 28 theme raw 751:753 arg1 corncobs 775:782 raw and acid pretreated corncobs 751:782 corncobs 775:782 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 2 29 theme 1:10 391:394 arg1 SLR 384:386 SLR 384:386 SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C 384:418 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 1 30 theme liquid 281:286 arg1 SLR 295:297 SLR 295:297 SLR 295:297 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 1 30 theme liquid 281:286 arg1 ratio 288:292 solid to liquid ratio 272:292 solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 272:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 3 31 theme corncob 579:585 arg1 removal 568:574 the lignin removal 557:574 the lignin removal of corncob 557:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 1 32 theme effective 196:204 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 0 33 theme potassium 40:48 arg1 pretreatment 63:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment 31:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob 31:85 Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. 25585256 1 34 theme ratio 288:292 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 6 35 theme lignocellulose 990:1003 arg1 hydrolysis 976:985 enzymatic hydrolysis 966:985 enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose 966:1003 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 6 36 theme enzymatic 966:974 arg1 hydrolysis 976:985 enzymatic hydrolysis 966:985 enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose 966:1003 The APP pretreatment process was novel and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose by affecting composition and structural features. 25585256 0 37 theme alkaline 31:38 arg1 pretreatment 63:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment 31:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob 31:85 Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. 25585256 3 38 theme removal 568:574 arg1 removal 568:574 the lignin removal 557:574 the lignin removal of corncob 557:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 38 theme removal 568:574 arg1 % 481:481 94.56% 476:481 94.56% of the cellulose 476:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 38 theme removal 568:574 arg1 % 509:509 81.47% 504:509 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries 504:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 38 theme removal 568:574 arg1 % 552:552 46.79% 547:552 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob 547:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 38 theme removal 568:574 arg1 cellulose 490:498 the cellulose 486:498 the cellulose 486:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 38 theme removal 568:574 arg1 recoveries 532:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 5 39 theme corncob 857:863 arg1 characteristics 794:808 Physical characteristics 785:808 Physical characteristics 785:808 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 5 39 theme corncob 857:863 arg1 structure 829:837 structure 829:837 structure 829:837 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 5 39 theme corncob 857:863 arg1 crystallinity 811:823 crystallinity 811:823 crystallinity 811:823 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 0 40 theme pretreatment 63:74 arg1 evaluation 17:26 evaluation 17:26 evaluation 17:26 Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. 25585256 0 40 theme pretreatment 63:74 arg1 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization 0:11 Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. 25585256 3 41 theme hemicellulose 518:530 arg1 recoveries 532:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 5 42 theme pretreated 846:855 arg1 corncob 857:863 the pretreated corncob 842:863 the pretreated corncob 842:863 Physical characteristics, crystallinity and structure of the pretreated corncob were analyzed and assessed by SEM, XRD and FTIR. 25585256 0 43 theme permanganate 50:61 arg1 pretreatment 63:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment 31:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob 31:85 Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. 25585256 3 44 theme simple 426:431 arg1 treatment 442:450 This simple one-step treatment 421:450 This simple one-step treatment 421:450 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 45 theme recoveries 532:541 arg1 removal 568:574 the lignin removal 557:574 the lignin removal of corncob 557:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 45 theme recoveries 532:541 arg1 % 481:481 94.56% 476:481 94.56% of the cellulose 476:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 45 theme recoveries 532:541 arg1 % 509:509 81.47% 504:509 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries 504:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 45 theme recoveries 532:541 arg1 % 552:552 46.79% 547:552 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob 547:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 45 theme recoveries 532:541 arg1 cellulose 490:498 the cellulose 486:498 the cellulose 486:498 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 45 theme recoveries 532:541 arg1 recoveries 532:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 the hemicellulose recoveries 514:541 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 2 46 theme pretreatment 315:326 arg1 conditions 328:337 The optimized pretreatment conditions 301:337 The optimized pretreatment conditions 301:337 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 2 47 theme optimized 305:313 arg1 conditions 328:337 The optimized pretreatment conditions 301:337 The optimized pretreatment conditions 301:337 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 1 48 theme APP 222:224 arg1 concentration 226:238 APP concentration 222:238 APP concentration 222:238 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 3 49 theme lignin 561:566 arg1 removal 568:574 the lignin removal 557:574 the lignin removal of corncob 557:585 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 3 50 theme one-step 433:440 arg1 treatment 442:450 This simple one-step treatment 421:450 This simple one-step treatment 421:450 This simple one-step treatment resulted in significant 94.56% of the cellulose and 81.47% of the hemicellulose recoveries and 46.79% of the lignin removal of corncob. 25585256 1 51 theme concentration 226:238 arg1 optimization 206:217 a simple and effective optimization 183:217 a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR) 183:298 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 25585256 0 52 theme corncob 79:85 arg1 pretreatment 63:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment 31:74 alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob 31:85 Optimization and evaluation of alkaline potassium permanganate pretreatment of corncob. 25585256 2 53 theme % 348:348 arg1 permanganate 366:377 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate 347:377 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C 347:418 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 4 54 from corncob 646:652 arg1 8.39g/L 658:664 8.39g/L 658:664 8.39g/L 658:664 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 4 54 from corncob 646:652 arg1 sugar 601:605 The reducing sugar 588:605 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob 588:652 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 4 54 from corncob 646:652 arg1 hydrolysate 614:624 the hydrolysate 610:624 the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob 610:652 The reducing sugar in the hydrolysate from APP-pretreated corncob was 8.39g/L after 12h enzymatic hydrolysis, which was 1.44 and 1.29 folds higher than those from raw and acid pretreated corncobs. 25585256 2 55 theme 2 347:347 arg1 % 348:348 % 348:348 % 348:348 The optimized pretreatment conditions were at 2% (w/v) potassium permanganate with SLR of 1:10 treating for 6h at 50°C. 25585256 1 56 theme reaction 241:248 arg1 time 250:253 reaction time 241:253 reaction time 241:253 Alkaline potassium permanganate solution (APP) was applied to the pretreatment of corncob with a simple and effective optimization of APP concentration, reaction time, temperature and solid to liquid ratio (SLR). 26111910 9 0 theme important 1381:1389 arg1 role 1391:1394 an important role 1378:1394 an important role 1378:1394 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 6 1 contain have 799:802 arg2 effect 824:829 a better protective effect 804:829 a better protective effect 804:829 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 6 1 contain have 799:802 arg1 polysaccharides 769:783 The sulfated polysaccharides 756:783 The sulfated polysaccharides 756:783 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 2 2 used used 280:283 arg2 H2O2 270:273 H2O2 270:273 H2O2 270:273 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 2 2 used used 280:283 arg2 peroxide 260:267 Hydrogen peroxide 251:267 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 251:274 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 7 3 from change 966:971 arg1 morphology 988:997 the surface morphology 976:997 the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides 976:1025 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 0 4 theme RAW264.7 90:97 arg1 cells 99:103 RAW264.7 cells 90:103 RAW264.7 cells 90:103 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 8 5 theme scavenging 1225:1234 arg1 activity 1236:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 2 6 theme cell 346:349 arg1 line 351:354 mouse macrophage cell line 329:354 the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 325:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 2 7 from model 316:320 arg1 line 351:354 mouse macrophage cell line 329:354 the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 325:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 8 8 contain had 1197:1199 arg2 activity 1236:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 8 8 contain had 1197:1199 arg1 polysaccharides 1181:1195 the sulfated polysaccharides 1168:1195 the sulfated polysaccharides 1168:1195 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 2 9 dep line 351:354 arg1 RAW264.7 356:363 RAW264.7 356:363 the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 325:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 9 10 theme H2O2-induced 1413:1424 arg1 damage 1436:1441 H2O2-induced oxidative damage 1413:1441 H2O2-induced oxidative damage 1413:1441 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 5 11 theme dismutase 715:723 arg1 activity 731:738 superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity 704:738 superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity 704:738 Meanwhile, treatment with S-CP(1-4) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in these cells. 26111910 3 12 from Effects 366:372 arg1 stress 436:441 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 413:441 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 413:441 Effects of the two sulfated polysaccharides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress were investigated. 26111910 7 13 theme sulfated 1002:1009 arg1 polysaccharides 1011:1025 sulfated polysaccharides 1002:1025 sulfated polysaccharides 1002:1025 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 6 14 theme sulfated 760:767 arg1 polysaccharides 769:783 The sulfated polysaccharides 756:783 The sulfated polysaccharides 756:783 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 1 15 dep polysaccharides 134:148 arg1 S-CP1-4 151:157 S-CP1-4 151:157 S-CP1-4 151:157 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 15 dep polysaccharides 134:148 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 two sulfated polysaccharides 121:148 two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus 121:195 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 15 dep polysaccharides 134:148 arg1 S-CP1-8 163:169 S-CP1-8 163:169 S-CP1-8 163:169 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 9 16 theme oxidative 1426:1434 arg1 damage 1436:1441 H2O2-induced oxidative damage 1413:1441 H2O2-induced oxidative damage 1413:1441 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 5 17 theme superoxide 704:713 arg1 SOD 726:728 SOD 726:728 SOD 726:728 Meanwhile, treatment with S-CP(1-4) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in these cells. 26111910 5 17 theme superoxide 704:713 arg1 dismutase 715:723 superoxide dismutase 704:723 superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity 704:738 Meanwhile, treatment with S-CP(1-4) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in these cells. 26111910 9 18 theme oxidative 1312:1320 arg1 stress 1322:1327 oxidative stress 1312:1327 oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells 1312:1345 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 9 19 theme RAW264.7 1332:1339 arg1 cells 1341:1345 RAW264.7 cells 1332:1345 RAW264.7 cells 1332:1345 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 3 20 theme polysaccharides 394:408 arg1 Effects 366:372 Effects 366:372 Effects of the two sulfated polysaccharides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress 366:441 Effects of the two sulfated polysaccharides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress were investigated. 26111910 6 21 theme oxidative 852:860 arg1 stress 862:867 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 839:867 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 839:867 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 8 22 theme radical 1217:1223 arg1 activity 1236:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 6 23 theme better 806:811 arg1 effect 824:829 a better protective effect 804:829 a better protective effect 804:829 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 8 24 theme sulfated 1172:1179 arg1 polysaccharides 1181:1195 the sulfated polysaccharides 1168:1195 the sulfated polysaccharides 1168:1195 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 4 25 theme malondialdehyde 635:649 arg1 level 626:630 the level 622:630 the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) 622:655 The results showed that S-CP(1-8) improved the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells, as well as inhibited the lipid oxidation as determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). 26111910 9 26 from stress 1322:1327 arg1 cells 1341:1345 RAW264.7 cells 1332:1345 RAW264.7 cells 1332:1345 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 6 27 theme H2O2-induced 839:850 arg1 stress 862:867 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 839:867 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 839:867 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 7 28 theme electron 920:927 arg1 microscopy 929:938 Scanning electron microscopy 911:938 Scanning electron microscopy 911:938 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 3 29 theme oxidative 426:434 arg1 stress 436:441 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 413:441 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 413:441 Effects of the two sulfated polysaccharides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress were investigated. 26111910 0 30 theme Sulfated 0:7 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus 0:48 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 4 31 theme cells 557:561 arg1 viability 509:517 the viability 505:517 the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 505:561 The results showed that S-CP(1-8) improved the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells, as well as inhibited the lipid oxidation as determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). 26111910 7 32 theme polysaccharides 1065:1079 arg1 chain 1056:1060 main chain 1051:1060 main chain of polysaccharides 1051:1079 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 2 33 theme stress 309:314 arg1 model 316:320 an oxidative stress model 296:320 an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 296:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 8 34 theme noticeable 1201:1210 arg1 activity 1236:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 4 35 theme RAW264.7 548:555 arg1 cells 557:561 the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 522:561 the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 522:561 The results showed that S-CP(1-8) improved the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells, as well as inhibited the lipid oxidation as determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). 26111910 7 36 theme main 1051:1054 arg1 chain 1056:1060 main chain 1051:1060 main chain of polysaccharides 1051:1079 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 2 37 theme oxidative 299:307 arg1 model 316:320 an oxidative stress model 296:320 an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 296:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 1 38 dep Cyclocarya 177:186 arg1 paliurus 188:195 Cyclocarya paliurus 177:195 Cyclocarya paliurus 177:195 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 7 39 theme chain 1056:1060 arg1 unconspicuous 1085:1097 unconspicuous 1085:1097 unconspicuous 1085:1097 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 7 39 theme chain 1056:1060 arg1 degradation 1036:1046 the degradation 1032:1046 the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides 1032:1079 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 7 40 theme composition 1142:1152 arg1 results 1116:1122 the results 1112:1122 the results of monosaccharide composition 1112:1152 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 2 41 theme Hydrogen 251:258 arg1 H2O2 270:273 H2O2 270:273 H2O2 270:273 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 2 41 theme Hydrogen 251:258 arg1 peroxide 260:267 Hydrogen peroxide 251:267 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 251:274 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 3 42 theme H2O2-induced 413:424 arg1 stress 436:441 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 413:441 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 413:441 Effects of the two sulfated polysaccharides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress were investigated. 26111910 9 43 theme sulfated 1352:1359 arg1 group 1361:1365 sulfated group 1352:1365 sulfated group 1352:1365 In summary, our results demonstrated that H2O2 was able to induce oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells, and sulfated group might play an important role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative damage. 26111910 8 44 theme DPPH 1212:1215 arg1 activity 1236:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity 1201:1243 In addition, the sulfated polysaccharides had noticeable DPPH radical scavenging activity. 26111910 6 45 theme protective 813:822 arg1 effect 824:829 a better protective effect 804:829 a better protective effect 804:829 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 1 46 theme chlorosulfonic 214:227 arg1 method 243:248 chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method 214:248 chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method 214:248 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 0 47 theme oxidative 70:78 arg1 stress 80:85 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 57:85 H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells 57:103 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 0 48 from stress 80:85 arg1 cells 99:103 RAW264.7 cells 90:103 RAW264.7 cells 90:103 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 7 49 theme polysaccharides 1011:1025 arg1 morphology 988:997 the surface morphology 976:997 the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides 976:1025 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 2 50 theme macrophage 335:344 arg1 line 351:354 mouse macrophage cell line 329:354 the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 325:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 0 51 theme H2O2-induced 57:68 arg1 stress 80:85 H2O2-induced oxidative stress 57:85 H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells 57:103 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 4 52 theme stressed 539:546 arg1 cells 557:561 the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 522:561 the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 522:561 The results showed that S-CP(1-8) improved the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells, as well as inhibited the lipid oxidation as determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). 26111910 6 53 theme native 888:893 arg1 polysaccharide 895:908 the native polysaccharide 884:908 the native polysaccharide 884:908 The sulfated polysaccharides were found to have a better protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress as compared to the native polysaccharide. 26111910 7 54 theme surface 980:986 arg1 morphology 988:997 the surface morphology 976:997 the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides 976:1025 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 2 55 theme mouse 329:333 arg1 line 351:354 mouse macrophage cell line 329:354 the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 325:363 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to develop an oxidative stress model in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. 26111910 4 56 theme H2O2-induced 526:537 arg1 cells 557:561 the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 522:561 the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells 522:561 The results showed that S-CP(1-8) improved the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells, as well as inhibited the lipid oxidation as determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). 26111910 7 57 theme monosaccharide 1127:1140 arg1 composition 1142:1152 monosaccharide composition 1127:1152 monosaccharide composition 1127:1152 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 7 58 theme Scanning 911:918 arg1 microscopy 929:938 Scanning electron microscopy 911:938 Scanning electron microscopy 911:938 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 26111910 0 59 dep Cyclocarya 30:39 arg1 paliurus 41:48 Cyclocarya paliurus 30:48 Cyclocarya paliurus 30:48 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 1 60 theme sulfated 125:132 arg1 S-CP1-4 151:157 S-CP1-4 151:157 S-CP1-4 151:157 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 60 theme sulfated 125:132 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 two sulfated polysaccharides 121:148 two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus 121:195 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 60 theme sulfated 125:132 arg1 S-CP1-8 163:169 S-CP1-8 163:169 S-CP1-8 163:169 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 61 theme acid-pyridine 229:241 arg1 method 243:248 chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method 214:248 chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method 214:248 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 62 from Cyclocarya 177:186 arg1 S-CP1-4 151:157 S-CP1-4 151:157 S-CP1-4 151:157 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 62 from Cyclocarya 177:186 arg1 polysaccharides 134:148 two sulfated polysaccharides 121:148 two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus 121:195 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 1 62 from Cyclocarya 177:186 arg1 S-CP1-8 163:169 S-CP1-8 163:169 S-CP1-8 163:169 In this study, two sulfated polysaccharides (S-CP1-4 and S-CP1-8) from Cyclocarya paliurus were produced by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. 26111910 4 63 theme lipid 589:593 arg1 oxidation 595:603 the lipid oxidation 585:603 the lipid oxidation 585:603 The results showed that S-CP(1-8) improved the viability of the H2O2-induced stressed RAW264.7 cells, as well as inhibited the lipid oxidation as determined by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). 26111910 5 64 with treatment 669:677 arg1 S-CP 684:687 S-CP(1-4) 684:692 S-CP(1-4) 684:692 Meanwhile, treatment with S-CP(1-4) increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in these cells. 26111910 3 65 theme sulfated 385:392 arg1 polysaccharides 394:408 the two sulfated polysaccharides 377:408 the two sulfated polysaccharides 377:408 Effects of the two sulfated polysaccharides on H2O2-induced oxidative stress were investigated. 26111910 0 66 from Cyclocarya 30:39 arg1 polysaccharides 9:23 Sulfated polysaccharides 0:23 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus 0:48 Sulfated polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus reduce H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells. 26111910 7 67 theme significant 954:964 arg1 change 966:971 a significant change 952:971 a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides 952:1025 Scanning electron microscopy also showed a significant change in the surface morphology of sulfated polysaccharides, but the degradation of main chain of polysaccharides was unconspicuous according to the results of monosaccharide composition. 29171232 8 0 theme Polyphenols 1029:1039 arg1 mg•g-1 1091:1096 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 1073:1096 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 1073:1096 The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. 29171232 8 0 theme Polyphenols 1029:1039 arg1 Contents 1017:1024 The Contents 1013:1024 The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide 1013:1066 The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. 29171232 4 1 theme days 649:652 arg1 administration 628:641 successive administration 617:641 successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits 617:681 The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. 29171232 7 2 theme min 1008:1010 arg1 limit 992:996 an average melting time limit 968:996 an average melting time limit of (17±2) min 968:1010 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 4 3 theme New 657:659 arg1 rabbits 675:681 New Zealand white rabbits 657:681 New Zealand white rabbits 657:681 The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. 29171232 9 4 theme continuous 1165:1174 arg1 administration 1176:1189 the continuous administration 1161:1189 the continuous administration 1161:1189 The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 5 5 theme drug 845:848 arg1 loading 850:856 the drug loading 841:856 the drug loading of 54% 841:863 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 8 6 theme tannic 1042:1047 arg1 Polyphenols 1029:1039 Polyphenols 1029:1039 Polyphenols 1029:1039 The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. 29171232 1 7 theme main 50:53 arg1 objective 55:63 The main objective 46:63 The main objective 46:63 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 4 8 theme successive 617:626 arg1 administration 628:641 successive administration 617:641 successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits 617:681 The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. 29171232 5 9 theme % 863:863 arg1 loading 850:856 the drug loading 841:856 the drug loading of 54% 841:863 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 8 10 theme polysaccharide 1053:1066 arg1 Polyphenols 1029:1039 Polyphenols 1029:1039 Polyphenols 1029:1039 The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. 29171232 1 11 theme gallnut 96:102 arg1 preparation 116:126 gallnut suppository preparation 96:126 gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract 96:149 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 1 12 with preparation 116:126 arg1 extract 143:149 its water extract 133:149 its water extract 133:149 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 4 13 theme colon 584:588 arg1 mucosa 590:595 colon mucosa 584:595 colon mucosa 584:595 The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. 29171232 7 14 with g 960:960 arg1 limit 992:996 an average melting time limit 968:996 an average melting time limit of (17±2) min 968:1010 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 2 15 theme flower 373:378 arg1 oil 380:382 rose flower oil 368:382 rose flower oil 368:382 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 5 16 theme prescription 697:708 arg1 compositions 710:721 the prescription compositions 693:721 the prescription compositions 693:721 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 1 17 theme main 158:161 arg1 drug 163:166 the main drug 154:166 the main drug 154:166 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 5 18 theme rose 776:779 arg1 oil 788:790 rose flower oil 776:790 rose flower oil 776:790 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 7 19 theme time 987:990 arg1 limit 992:996 an average melting time limit 968:996 an average melting time limit of (17±2) min 968:1010 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 5 20 with oil 788:790 arg1 ratio 801:805 the ratio 797:805 the ratio of 2:1 797:812 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 8 21 from mg•g-1 1091:1096 arg1 suppository 1119:1129 each suppository 1114:1129 each suppository 1114:1129 The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. 29171232 5 22 theme proper 821:826 arg1 matrix 828:833 the proper matrix 817:833 the proper matrix 817:833 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 5 23 theme flower 781:786 arg1 oil 788:790 rose flower oil 776:790 rose flower oil 776:790 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 9 24 theme rectal 1212:1217 arg1 mucosa 1219:1224 rectal mucosa 1212:1224 rectal mucosa 1212:1224 The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 10 25 theme administrate 1286:1297 arg1 form 1299:1302 an acceptable administrate form 1272:1302 an acceptable administrate form 1272:1302 It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa. 29171232 10 25 theme administrate 1286:1297 arg1 suppository 1256:1266 the suppository 1252:1266 the suppository 1252:1266 It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa. 29171232 2 26 theme suppository 273:283 arg1 preparation 285:295 its suppository preparation 269:295 its suppository preparation 269:295 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 3 27 theme Weight 399:404 arg1 difference 406:415 Weight difference 399:415 Weight difference 399:415 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 0 28 theme suppository 20:30 arg1 preparation 32:42 gallnut suppository preparation 12:42 gallnut suppository preparation 12:42 [Process of gallnut suppository preparation]. 29171232 7 29 theme average 971:977 arg1 limit 992:996 an average melting time limit 968:996 an average melting time limit of (17±2) min 968:1010 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 10 30 theme acceptable 1275:1284 arg1 form 1299:1302 an acceptable administrate form 1272:1302 an acceptable administrate form 1272:1302 It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa. 29171232 10 30 theme acceptable 1275:1284 arg1 suppository 1256:1266 the suppository 1252:1266 the suppository 1252:1266 It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa. 29171232 3 31 theme melting 430:436 arg1 limit 443:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 0 32 theme gallnut 12:18 arg1 preparation 32:42 gallnut suppository preparation 12:42 gallnut suppository preparation 12:42 [Process of gallnut suppository preparation]. 29171232 7 33 theme melting 979:985 arg1 limit 992:996 an average melting time limit 968:996 an average melting time limit of (17±2) min 968:1010 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 3 34 theme time 438:441 arg1 limit 443:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 5 35 theme semi-synthetic 740:753 arg1 esters 765:770 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 740:770 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 740:770 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 3 36 theme suppository 456:466 arg1 difference 406:415 Weight difference 399:415 Weight difference 399:415 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 3 36 theme suppository 456:466 arg1 limit 443:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 3 37 theme in 421:422 arg1 limit 443:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 in vitro melting time limit 421:447 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 9 38 contain had 1191:1193 arg2 irritation 1198:1207 no irritation 1195:1207 no irritation 1195:1207 The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 9 38 contain had 1191:1193 arg1 administration 1176:1189 the continuous administration 1161:1189 the continuous administration 1161:1189 The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 3 39 theme polyphenols 530:540 arg1 contents 518:525 the contents 514:525 the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide 514:563 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 0 40 theme preparation 32:42 arg1 [Process 0:7 [Process 0:7 [Process of gallnut suppository preparation 0:42 [Process of gallnut suppository preparation]. 29171232 5 41 theme aliphatic 755:763 arg1 esters 765:770 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 740:770 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 740:770 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 7 42 dep min 1008:1010 arg1 17±2 1002:1005 17±2 1002:1005 17±2 1002:1005 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 5 43 theme 2:1 810:812 arg1 ratio 801:805 the ratio 797:805 the ratio of 2:1 797:812 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 6 44 theme prepared 870:877 arg1 brown 895:899 brown 895:899 brown 895:899 The prepared suppository was brown, conical and smooth. 29171232 6 44 theme prepared 870:877 arg1 suppository 879:889 The prepared suppository 866:889 The prepared suppository 866:889 The prepared suppository was brown, conical and smooth. 29171232 2 45 theme fusion 313:318 arg1 method 320:325 fusion method 313:325 fusion method 313:325 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 7 46 theme weight 926:931 arg1 g 960:960 (1.43±0.03) g 948:960 (1.43±0.03) g 948:960 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 7 46 theme weight 926:931 arg1 difference 933:942 The weight difference 922:942 The weight difference 922:942 The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. 29171232 1 47 theme suppository 104:114 arg1 preparation 116:126 gallnut suppository preparation 96:126 gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract 96:149 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 4 48 theme white 669:673 arg1 rabbits 675:681 New Zealand white rabbits 657:681 New Zealand white rabbits 657:681 The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. 29171232 3 49 dep in 421:422 arg1 vitro 424:428 vitro 424:428 vitro 424:428 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 1 50 theme preparation 116:126 arg1 process 85:91 the process 81:91 the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract 81:149 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 10 51 theme rectum 1380:1385 arg1 mucosa 1387:1392 rectum mucosa 1380:1392 rectum mucosa 1380:1392 It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa. 29171232 5 52 with esters 765:770 arg1 ratio 801:805 the ratio 797:805 the ratio of 2:1 797:812 Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. 29171232 1 53 theme water 137:141 arg1 extract 143:149 its water extract 133:149 its water extract 133:149 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 1 54 theme rectal 200:205 arg1 mucosa 207:212 rectal mucosa 200:212 rectal mucosa 200:212 The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. 29171232 3 55 used used 496:499 arg2 UV-Vis 485:490 UV-Vis 485:490 UV-Vis 485:490 Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. 29171232 2 56 theme aliphatic 347:355 arg1 esters 357:362 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 332:362 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 332:362 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 2 57 theme rose 368:371 arg1 oil 380:382 rose flower oil 368:382 rose flower oil 368:382 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 2 58 theme gallnut 215:221 arg1 extract 223:229 gallnut extract 215:229 gallnut extract 215:229 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 2 59 theme semi-synthetic 332:345 arg1 esters 357:362 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 332:362 semi-synthetic aliphatic esters 332:362 gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. 29171232 4 60 theme Zealand 661:667 arg1 rabbits 675:681 New Zealand white rabbits 657:681 New Zealand white rabbits 657:681 The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. 26302364 4 0 theme simple 513:518 arg1 method 532:537 The simple preparative method 509:537 The simple preparative method 509:537 The simple preparative method does not consume unnecessary chemical reagents and produces no waste material. 26302364 7 1 theme composite 1083:1091 arg1 particles 1093:1101 the synthesized composite particles 1067:1101 the synthesized composite particles 1067:1101 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 1 2 theme carboxymethyl 175:187 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 5 3 theme composite 817:825 arg1 particles 827:835 composite particles 817:835 composite particles 817:835 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 7 4 theme oil-continuous 1171:1184 arg1 emulsions 1186:1194 oil-continuous emulsions 1171:1194 oil-continuous emulsions 1171:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 5 5 theme composite 622:630 arg1 particles 632:640 The composite particles 618:640 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets 618:682 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 1 6 theme cellulose 189:197 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 4 7 theme waste 602:606 arg1 material 608:615 no waste material 599:615 no waste material 599:615 The simple preparative method does not consume unnecessary chemical reagents and produces no waste material. 26302364 8 8 theme absorbent 1222:1230 arg1 particles 1232:1240 the composite absorbent particles 1208:1240 the composite absorbent particles 1208:1240 The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions. 26302364 5 9 theme active 783:788 arg1 molecules 793:801 interfacially active EC molecules 769:801 interfacially active EC molecules 769:801 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 5 10 theme organic 709:715 arg1 media 717:721 organic media 709:721 organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface 709:895 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 7 11 from absorption 1126:1135 arg1 emulsions 1186:1194 oil-continuous emulsions 1171:1194 oil-continuous emulsions 1171:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 5 12 theme EC 790:791 arg1 molecules 793:801 interfacially active EC molecules 769:801 interfacially active EC molecules 769:801 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 7 13 theme water 1151:1155 arg1 droplets 1157:1164 stabilized water droplets 1140:1164 stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions 1140:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 3 14 theme active 477:482 arg1 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 3 14 theme active 477:482 arg1 polymer 500:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 8 15 theme water-in-oil 1309:1320 arg1 emulsions 1322:1330 dewatering water-in-oil emulsions 1298:1330 dewatering water-in-oil emulsions 1298:1330 The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions. 26302364 8 16 theme particles 1232:1240 arg1 use 1201:1203 The use 1197:1203 The use 1197:1203 The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions. 26302364 2 17 contain have 369:372 arg2 properties 386:395 contrasting properties 374:395 contrasting properties 374:395 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 17 contain have 369:372 arg1 materials 354:362 both biodegradable nontoxic materials 326:362 both biodegradable nontoxic materials 326:362 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 17 contain have 369:372 arg1 EC 319:320 EC 319:320 EC 319:320 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 17 contain have 369:372 arg1 CMC 311:313 CMC 311:313 CMC 311:313 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 5 18 theme emulsion 666:673 arg1 droplets 675:682 emulsion droplets 666:682 emulsion droplets 666:682 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 1 19 theme EC 246:247 arg1 solution 250:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 1 20 theme CMC 200:202 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 6 21 theme emulsified 1006:1015 arg1 droplets 1017:1024 emulsified droplets 1006:1024 emulsified droplets 1006:1024 The surface of composite particles, furthermore, is water-permeable, which allows water to be absorbed from emulsified droplets. 26302364 8 22 theme viable 1278:1283 arg1 strategy 1285:1292 another viable strategy 1270:1292 another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions 1270:1330 The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions. 26302364 1 23 theme composite 102:110 arg1 particles 112:120 Organic composite particles 94:120 Organic composite particles 94:120 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 5 24 theme due 723:725 arg1 media 717:721 organic media 709:721 organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface 709:895 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 1 25 theme emulsified 284:293 arg1 droplets 301:308 emulsified water droplets 284:308 emulsified water droplets 284:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 7 26 theme stabilized 1140:1149 arg1 droplets 1157:1164 stabilized water droplets 1140:1164 stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions 1140:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 0 27 theme Composite 32:40 arg1 Particles 42:50 Surface-Responsive Composite Particles 13:50 Surface-Responsive Composite Particles 13:50 Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. 26302364 1 28 theme water 295:299 arg1 droplets 301:308 emulsified water droplets 284:308 emulsified water droplets 284:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 5 29 theme biwettable 734:743 arg1 surface 745:751 its biwettable surface 730:751 its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface 730:895 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 7 30 from emulsions 1186:1194 arg1 droplets 1157:1164 stabilized water droplets 1140:1164 stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions 1140:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 7 30 from emulsions 1186:1194 arg1 absorption 1126:1135 absorption 1126:1135 absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions 1126:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 3 31 theme interfacially 463:475 arg1 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 3 31 theme interfacially 463:475 arg1 polymer 500:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 0 32 theme Surface-Responsive 13:30 arg1 Particles 42:50 Surface-Responsive Composite Particles 13:50 Surface-Responsive Composite Particles 13:50 Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. 26302364 2 33 theme contrasting 374:384 arg1 properties 386:395 contrasting properties 374:395 contrasting properties 374:395 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 3 34 theme water-soluble 415:427 arg1 CMC 398:400 CMC 398:400 CMC 398:400 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 3 34 theme water-soluble 415:427 arg1 polymer 429:435 a charged water-soluble polymer 405:435 a charged water-soluble polymer 405:435 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 2 35 theme nontoxic 345:352 arg1 materials 354:362 both biodegradable nontoxic materials 326:362 both biodegradable nontoxic materials 326:362 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 35 theme nontoxic 345:352 arg1 EC 319:320 EC 319:320 EC 319:320 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 35 theme nontoxic 345:352 arg1 CMC 311:313 CMC 311:313 CMC 311:313 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 6 36 theme particles 923:931 arg1 water-permeable 950:964 water-permeable 950:964 water-permeable 950:964 The surface of composite particles, furthermore, is water-permeable, which allows water to be absorbed from emulsified droplets. 26302364 6 36 theme particles 923:931 arg1 surface 902:908 The surface 898:908 The surface of composite particles 898:931 The surface of composite particles, furthermore, is water-permeable, which allows water to be absorbed from emulsified droplets. 26302364 1 37 theme nonaqueous 219:228 arg1 solution 250:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 0 38 theme Particles 42:50 arg1 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis 0:8 Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. 0:92 Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. 26302364 6 39 theme composite 913:921 arg1 particles 923:931 composite particles 913:931 composite particles 913:931 The surface of composite particles, furthermore, is water-permeable, which allows water to be absorbed from emulsified droplets. 26302364 5 40 theme oil-water 869:877 arg1 interface 887:895 the oil-water droplet interface 865:895 the oil-water droplet interface 865:895 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 1 41 theme ethylcellulose 230:243 arg1 solution 250:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 7 42 theme particles 1093:1101 arg1 composition 1037:1047 composition 1037:1047 composition 1037:1047 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 7 42 theme particles 1093:1101 arg1 structure 1054:1062 structure 1054:1062 structure 1054:1062 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 7 42 theme particles 1093:1101 arg1 size 1031:1034 size 1031:1034 size 1031:1034 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 3 43 theme charged 407:413 arg1 CMC 398:400 CMC 398:400 CMC 398:400 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 3 43 theme charged 407:413 arg1 polymer 429:435 a charged water-soluble polymer 405:435 a charged water-soluble polymer 405:435 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 4 44 theme chemical 568:575 arg1 reagents 577:584 unnecessary chemical reagents 556:584 unnecessary chemical reagents 556:584 The simple preparative method does not consume unnecessary chemical reagents and produces no waste material. 26302364 3 45 theme water-insoluble 484:498 arg1 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 3 45 theme water-insoluble 484:498 arg1 polymer 500:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 7 46 theme droplets 1157:1164 arg1 absorption 1126:1135 absorption 1126:1135 absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions 1126:1194 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 1 47 theme first 139:143 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 4 48 theme unnecessary 556:566 arg1 reagents 577:584 unnecessary chemical reagents 556:584 unnecessary chemical reagents 556:584 The simple preparative method does not consume unnecessary chemical reagents and produces no waste material. 26302364 7 49 theme synthesized 1071:1081 arg1 particles 1093:1101 the synthesized composite particles 1067:1101 the synthesized composite particles 1067:1101 The size, composition, and structure of the synthesized composite particles are ideally suited for absorption of stabilized water droplets from oil-continuous emulsions. 26302364 1 50 theme emulsifying 145:155 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 1 51 theme Organic 94:100 arg1 particles 112:120 Organic composite particles 94:120 Organic composite particles 94:120 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 2 52 theme biodegradable 331:343 arg1 materials 354:362 both biodegradable nontoxic materials 326:362 both biodegradable nontoxic materials 326:362 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 52 theme biodegradable 331:343 arg1 EC 319:320 EC 319:320 EC 319:320 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 2 52 theme biodegradable 331:343 arg1 CMC 311:313 CMC 311:313 CMC 311:313 CMC and EC are both biodegradable nontoxic materials, but have contrasting properties. 26302364 0 53 theme Emulsions 83:91 arg1 Dehydration 55:65 Dehydration 55:65 Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions 55:91 Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. 26302364 3 54 theme uncharged 453:461 arg1 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 EC 444:445 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 3 54 theme uncharged 453:461 arg1 polymer 500:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer 450:506 CMC is a charged water-soluble polymer, while EC is an uncharged interfacially active water-insoluble polymer. 26302364 1 55 from solution 205:212 arg1 solution 250:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution 217:257 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 1 56 theme aqueous 160:166 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 8 57 theme dewatering 1298:1307 arg1 emulsions 1322:1330 dewatering water-in-oil emulsions 1298:1330 dewatering water-in-oil emulsions 1298:1330 The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions. 26302364 0 58 theme Water-in-Oil 70:81 arg1 Emulsions 83:91 Water-in-Oil Emulsions 70:91 Water-in-Oil Emulsions 70:91 Synthesis of Surface-Responsive Composite Particles by Dehydration of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. 26302364 4 59 theme preparative 520:530 arg1 method 532:537 The simple preparative method 509:537 The simple preparative method 509:537 The simple preparative method does not consume unnecessary chemical reagents and produces no waste material. 26302364 5 60 theme droplet 879:885 arg1 interface 887:895 the oil-water droplet interface 865:895 the oil-water droplet interface 865:895 The composite particles prepared by dehydrating emulsion droplets are readily dispersed in organic media due to its biwettable surface terminated with interfacially active EC molecules, which allows composite particles to preferentially adsorb at the oil-water droplet interface. 26302364 1 61 theme sodium 168:173 arg1 solution 205:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution 139:212 first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets 139:308 Organic composite particles were prepared by first emulsifying an aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in a nonaqueous ethylcellulose (EC) solution, followed by dehydrating emulsified water droplets. 26302364 8 62 theme composite 1212:1220 arg1 particles 1232:1240 the composite absorbent particles 1208:1240 the composite absorbent particles 1208:1240 The use of the composite absorbent particles, described herein, presents another viable strategy for dewatering water-in-oil emulsions. 26253510 2 0 theme chitosan 498:505 arg1 Ch/PVA/MMT 525:534 Ch/PVA/MMT 525:534 Ch/PVA/MMT 525:534 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 2 0 theme chitosan 498:505 arg1 Ch/MMT 514:519 Ch/MMT 514:519 Ch/MMT 514:519 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 2 0 theme chitosan 498:505 arg1 films 507:511 chitosan films 498:511 chitosan films 498:511 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 8 1 theme tensile 1404:1410 arg1 strength 1412:1419 tensile strength 1404:1419 tensile strength 1404:1419 The addition of PVA to the composite led to a reduction in tensile strength by approximately 40%. 26253510 3 2 theme chitosan 715:722 arg1 wettability 700:710 the wettability 696:710 the wettability of chitosan 696:722 It was found that the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films decreased relative to the wettability of chitosan. 26253510 5 3 theme binary 1019:1024 arg1 composite 1026:1034 the binary composite 1015:1034 the binary composite 1015:1034 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 4 4 theme polymers 758:765 arg1 microstructure 729:742 The microstructure 725:742 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, 725:815 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, showed particles that are relatively well dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26253510 5 5 from temperatures 965:976 arg1 percentages 926:936 mass loss percentages 916:936 mass loss percentages 916:936 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 5 5 from temperatures 965:976 arg1 thermograms 900:910 The TGA thermograms 892:910 The TGA thermograms 892:910 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 5 6 theme composite 1026:1034 arg1 stability 1002:1010 the thermal stability 990:1010 the thermal stability of the binary composite 990:1034 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 4 7 theme composites 777:786 arg1 microstructure 729:742 The microstructure 725:742 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, 725:815 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, showed particles that are relatively well dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26253510 6 8 theme Young 1138:1142 arg1 modulus 1146:1152 Young's modulus 1138:1152 Young's modulus 1138:1152 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 7 9 theme 1.5-3.5GPa 1319:1328 arg1 modulus 1291:1297 Young's modulus 1283:1297 Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa 1283:1328 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 7 9 theme 1.5-3.5GPa 1319:1328 arg1 strength 1270:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 1 10 from analysis 146:153 arg1 results 115:121 the results 111:121 the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 111:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 11 theme atomic 244:249 arg1 AFM 269:271 AFM 269:271 AFM 269:271 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 11 theme atomic 244:249 arg1 microscopy 257:266 atomic force microscopy 244:266 atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 244:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 7 12 theme 27.6-94.3MPa 1302:1313 arg1 modulus 1291:1297 Young's modulus 1283:1297 Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa 1283:1328 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 7 12 theme 27.6-94.3MPa 1302:1313 arg1 strength 1270:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 2 13 theme angles 433:438 arg1 Measurements 405:416 Measurements 405:416 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, 405:535 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 5 14 theme thermal 994:1000 arg1 stability 1002:1010 the thermal stability 990:1010 the thermal stability of the binary composite 990:1034 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 4 15 theme polymer 876:882 arg1 matrix 884:889 the polymer matrix 872:889 the polymer matrix 872:889 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, showed particles that are relatively well dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26253510 1 16 theme contact 162:168 arg1 measurements 176:187 contact angle measurements 162:187 contact angle measurements 162:187 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 17 theme thermogravimetric 128:144 arg1 TGA 156:158 TGA 156:158 TGA 156:158 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 17 theme thermogravimetric 128:144 arg1 analysis 146:153 thermogravimetric analysis 128:153 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 128:159 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 4 18 theme unmodified 747:756 arg1 polymers 758:765 unmodified polymers 747:765 unmodified polymers 747:765 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, showed particles that are relatively well dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26253510 2 19 theme free 559:562 arg1 energies 564:571 surface free energies 551:571 surface free energies 551:571 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 6 20 theme tensile 1120:1126 arg1 strength 1128:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 1 21 theme angle 170:174 arg1 measurements 176:187 contact angle measurements 162:187 contact angle measurements 162:187 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 22 theme force 251:255 arg1 AFM 269:271 AFM 269:271 AFM 269:271 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 22 theme force 251:255 arg1 microscopy 257:266 atomic force microscopy 244:266 atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 244:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 23 from microscopy 257:266 arg1 results 115:121 the results 111:121 the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 111:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 2 24 theme surface 551:557 arg1 energies 564:571 surface free energies 551:571 surface free energies 551:571 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 1 25 theme present 96:102 arg1 study 104:108 the present study 92:108 the present study 92:108 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 5 26 theme decomposition 951:963 arg1 temperatures 965:976 different decomposition temperatures 941:976 different decomposition temperatures 941:976 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 0 27 theme composites 29:38 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 0:87 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 26253510 3 28 theme chitosan/MMT 631:642 arg1 wettability 612:622 the wettability 608:622 the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films 608:672 It was found that the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films decreased relative to the wettability of chitosan. 26253510 7 29 theme Young 1283:1287 arg1 modulus 1291:1297 Young's modulus 1283:1297 Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa 1283:1328 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 0 30 theme chitosan 20:27 arg1 composites 29:38 chitosan composites 20:38 chitosan composites 20:38 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 26253510 5 31 theme PVA 1076:1078 arg1 addition 1064:1071 the addition 1060:1071 the addition of PVA 1060:1078 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 5 32 theme different 941:949 arg1 temperatures 965:976 different decomposition temperatures 941:976 different decomposition temperatures 941:976 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 1 33 theme tensile 190:196 arg1 tests 198:202 tensile tests 190:202 tensile tests 190:202 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 0 34 theme synthetic 45:53 arg1 polymers 55:62 synthetic polymers 45:62 synthetic polymers 45:62 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 26253510 4 35 dep composites 777:786 arg1 observed 792:799 observed 792:799 observed by SEM and AFM 792:814 The microstructure of unmodified polymers and their composites, as observed by SEM and AFM, showed particles that are relatively well dispersed in the polymer matrix. 26253510 2 36 from Measurements 405:416 arg1 surfaces 486:493 the surfaces 482:493 the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, 482:535 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 3 37 theme composite 658:666 arg1 films 668:672 the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films 627:672 films 668:672 It was found that the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films decreased relative to the wettability of chitosan. 26253510 5 38 theme TGA 896:898 arg1 thermograms 900:910 The TGA thermograms 892:910 The TGA thermograms 892:910 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 1 39 from tests 198:202 arg1 results 115:121 the results 111:121 the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 111:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 3 40 theme Ch/PVA/MMT 647:656 arg1 films 668:672 the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films 627:672 films 668:672 It was found that the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films decreased relative to the wettability of chitosan. 26253510 8 41 theme PVA 1361:1363 arg1 addition 1349:1356 The addition 1345:1356 The addition of PVA to the composite 1345:1380 The addition of PVA to the composite led to a reduction in tensile strength by approximately 40%. 26253510 3 42 theme films 668:672 arg1 wettability 612:622 the wettability 608:622 the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films 608:672 It was found that the wettability of the chitosan/MMT or Ch/PVA/MMT composite films decreased relative to the wettability of chitosan. 26253510 1 43 from microscopy 223:232 arg1 results 115:121 the results 111:121 the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 111:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 8 44 from reduction 1391:1399 arg1 strength 1412:1419 tensile strength 1404:1419 tensile strength 1404:1419 The addition of PVA to the composite led to a reduction in tensile strength by approximately 40%. 26253510 1 45 theme polymer 277:283 arg1 composites 285:294 polymer composites 277:294 polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 277:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 5 46 theme mass 916:919 arg1 percentages 926:936 mass loss percentages 916:936 mass loss percentages 916:936 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 7 47 theme tensile 1262:1268 arg1 strength 1270:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 6 48 theme tensile 1158:1164 arg1 strain 1166:1171 tensile strain 1158:1171 tensile strain 1158:1171 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 measurements 176:187 contact angle measurements 162:187 contact angle measurements 162:187 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 analysis 146:153 thermogravimetric analysis 128:153 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 128:159 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 microscopy 223:232 scanning electron microscopy 205:232 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 205:238 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 TGA 156:158 TGA 156:158 TGA 156:158 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 microscopy 257:266 atomic force microscopy 244:266 atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 244:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 AFM 269:271 AFM 269:271 AFM 269:271 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 tests 198:202 tensile tests 190:202 tensile tests 190:202 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 49 theme composites 285:294 arg1 SEM 235:237 SEM 235:237 SEM 235:237 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 5 50 theme loss 921:924 arg1 percentages 926:936 mass loss percentages 916:936 mass loss percentages 916:936 The TGA thermograms and mass loss percentages at different decomposition temperatures showed that the thermal stability of the binary composite slightly decreases upon the addition of PVA. 26253510 0 51 with Characterization 0:15 arg1 polymers 55:62 synthetic polymers 45:62 synthetic polymers 45:62 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 26253510 0 51 with Characterization 0:15 arg1 additives 78:86 inorganic additives 68:86 inorganic additives 68:86 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 26253510 2 52 theme films 507:511 arg1 surfaces 486:493 the surfaces 482:493 the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, 482:535 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 1 53 theme scanning 205:212 arg1 microscopy 223:232 scanning electron microscopy 205:232 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 205:238 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 53 theme scanning 205:212 arg1 SEM 235:237 SEM 235:237 SEM 235:237 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 6 54 theme mechanical 1090:1099 arg1 properties 1101:1110 The film mechanical properties 1081:1110 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break 1081:1180 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 6 54 theme mechanical 1090:1099 arg1 strength 1128:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 1 55 contain containing 296:305 arg2 MMT 342:344 MMT 342:344 MMT 342:344 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 55 contain containing 296:305 arg2 montmorillonite 325:339 montmorillonite 325:339 montmorillonite (MMT) 325:345 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 55 contain containing 296:305 arg2 Ch 317:318 Ch 317:318 Ch 317:318 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 55 contain containing 296:305 arg2 chitosan 307:314 chitosan 307:314 chitosan (Ch) 307:319 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 55 contain containing 296:305 arg1 composites 285:294 polymer composites 277:294 polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 277:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 56 theme electron 214:221 arg1 microscopy 223:232 scanning electron microscopy 205:232 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 205:238 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 56 theme electron 214:221 arg1 SEM 235:237 SEM 235:237 SEM 235:237 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 2 57 theme contact 425:431 arg1 angles 433:438 the contact angles 421:438 the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) 421:477 Measurements of the contact angles for diiodomethane (D) and glycerol (G) on the surfaces of chitosan films, Ch/MMT and Ch/PVA/MMT, were made and surface free energies were calculated. 26253510 1 58 theme vinyl 369:373 arg1 poly 364:367 poly 364:367 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 364:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 1 58 theme vinyl 369:373 arg1 alcohol 375:381 vinyl alcohol 369:381 vinyl alcohol 369:381 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 6 59 theme film 1085:1088 arg1 properties 1101:1110 The film mechanical properties 1081:1110 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break 1081:1180 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 6 59 theme film 1085:1088 arg1 strength 1128:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 26253510 1 60 from measurements 176:187 arg1 results 115:121 the results 111:121 the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 111:388 In the present study, the results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle measurements, tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymer composites containing chitosan (Ch) and montmorillonite (MMT) with and without poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are presented. 26253510 7 61 contain possessed 1250:1258 arg1 composites 1239:1248 Both composites 1234:1248 Both composites 1234:1248 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 7 61 contain possessed 1250:1258 arg2 strength 1270:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 a tensile strength 1260:1277 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 7 61 contain possessed 1250:1258 arg2 modulus 1291:1297 Young's modulus 1283:1297 Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa 1283:1328 Both composites possessed a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.6-94.3MPa and 1.5-3.5GPa, respectively. 26253510 0 62 theme inorganic 68:76 arg1 additives 78:86 inorganic additives 68:86 inorganic additives 68:86 Characterization of chitosan composites with synthetic polymers and inorganic additives. 26253510 6 63 from break 1176:1180 arg1 strength 1128:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 tensile strength 1120:1135 The film mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus and tensile strain at break depend on the composition and varied non-uniformly. 28002760 5 0 theme different 1022:1030 arg1 types 1032:1036 different types 1022:1036 different types of sludge 1022:1046 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 8 1 theme detection-organic 1556:1572 arg1 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 1 theme detection-organic 1556:1572 arg1 detection 1583:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection 1511:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND) 1511:1604 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 1 2 theme key 241:243 arg1 compounds 253:261 the key organic compounds 237:261 the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability 237:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 7 3 theme SB 1375:1376 arg1 EPS 1378:1380 SB EPS 1375:1380 SB EPS 1375:1380 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 4 4 theme SB 809:810 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 4 theme SB 809:810 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 7 5 theme projection 1321:1330 arg1 values 1332:1337 higher eigenvector projection values 1302:1337 higher eigenvector projection values 1302:1337 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 8 6 from EPS 1488:1490 arg1 characterization 1427:1442 Further characterization 1419:1442 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS 1419:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 9 7 theme multiple 1619:1626 arg1 model 1646:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 7 8 theme higher 1302:1307 arg1 values 1332:1337 higher eigenvector projection values 1302:1337 higher eigenvector projection values 1302:1337 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 6 9 theme variations 1146:1155 arg1 variations 1146:1155 total EPS variations 1136:1155 total EPS variations 1136:1155 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 6 9 theme variations 1146:1155 arg1 % 1131:1131 59.24% 1126:1131 59.24% of total EPS variations 1126:1155 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 9 10 theme regression 1635:1644 arg1 model 1646:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 6 11 theme principal 1053:1061 arg1 components 1063:1072 Two principal components 1049:1072 Two principal components 1049:1072 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 1 12 from compounds 253:261 arg1 EPS 302:304 EPS 302:304 EPS 302:304 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 1 12 from compounds 253:261 arg1 substances 290:299 extracellular polymeric substances 266:299 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability 266:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 7 13 from EPS 1378:1380 arg1 component 1406:1414 principal component 1 1396:1416 principal component 1 1396:1416 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 6 14 theme EPS 1142:1144 arg1 variations 1146:1155 total EPS variations 1136:1155 total EPS variations 1136:1155 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 0 15 theme extracellular 116:128 arg1 substances 140:149 extracellular polymeric substances 116:149 extracellular polymeric substances 116:149 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 1 16 theme sludge 209:214 arg1 types 200:204 20 different types 187:204 20 different types of sludge 187:214 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 4 17 theme LB 837:838 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 17 theme LB 837:838 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 2 18 theme pre-treatment 474:486 arg1 methods 488:494 pre-treatment methods 474:494 pre-treatment methods 474:494 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 0 19 from role 83:86 arg1 substances 140:149 extracellular polymeric substances 116:149 extracellular polymeric substances 116:149 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 7 20 theme organic 1242:1248 arg1 carbon 1250:1255 Dissolved organic carbon 1232:1255 Dissolved organic carbon 1232:1255 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 0 21 theme statistical 57:67 arg1 analysis 69:76 statistical analysis 57:76 statistical analysis 57:76 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 5 22 theme types 1032:1036 arg1 fractions 1009:1017 EPS fractions 1005:1017 EPS fractions of different types of sludge 1005:1046 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 4 23 theme significant 662:672 arg1 correlations 674:685 significant correlations 662:685 significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 662:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 5 24 theme sludge 1041:1046 arg1 types 1032:1036 different types 1022:1036 different types of sludge 1022:1046 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 4 25 theme TB 868:869 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 25 theme TB 868:869 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 5 26 theme EPS 1005:1007 arg1 fractions 1009:1017 EPS fractions 1005:1017 EPS fractions of different types of sludge 1005:1046 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 9 27 theme sludge 1733:1738 arg1 filterability 1740:1752 LB EPS and sludge filterability 1722:1752 filterability 1740:1752 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 4 28 theme organic 750:756 arg1 carbon 758:763 dissolved organic carbon 740:763 dissolved organic carbon 740:763 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 0 29 theme key 91:93 arg1 compounds 103:111 key organic compounds 91:111 key organic compounds 91:111 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 1 30 theme sludge 353:358 arg1 filterability 360:372 sludge filterability 353:372 sludge filterability 353:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 5 31 theme component 891:899 arg1 PCA 911:913 PCA 911:913 PCA 911:913 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 5 31 theme component 891:899 arg1 analysis 901:908 principal component analysis 881:908 The principal component analysis (PCA) method 877:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 7 32 theme Dissolved 1232:1240 arg1 carbon 1250:1255 Dissolved organic carbon 1232:1255 Dissolved organic carbon 1232:1255 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 9 33 theme organic 1701:1707 arg1 compounds 1709:1717 organic compounds 1701:1717 organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability 1701:1752 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 4 34 theme zeta 720:723 arg1 potential 725:733 zeta potential 720:733 zeta potential 720:733 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 2 35 theme total 423:427 arg1 solids 429:434 initial total solids 415:434 initial total solids (TS) content 415:447 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 2 35 theme total 423:427 arg1 TS 437:438 TS 437:438 TS 437:438 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 8 36 theme fractionized 1447:1458 arg1 compounds 1472:1480 fractionized key organic compounds 1447:1480 fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS 1447:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 1 37 theme polymeric 280:288 arg1 EPS 302:304 EPS 302:304 EPS 302:304 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 1 37 theme polymeric 280:288 arg1 substances 290:299 extracellular polymeric substances 266:299 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability 266:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 8 38 theme organic 1464:1470 arg1 compounds 1472:1480 fractionized key organic compounds 1447:1480 fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS 1447:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 2 39 theme sludge 398:403 arg1 types 389:393 The different types 375:393 The different types of sludge 375:403 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 0 40 theme types 38:42 arg1 filterability 11:23 filterability 11:23 filterability of different types of sludge 11:52 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 8 41 from characterization 1427:1442 arg1 EPS 1488:1490 LB EPS 1485:1490 LB EPS 1485:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 3 42 theme advanced 591:598 arg1 technique 610:618 advanced oxidation technique 591:618 advanced oxidation technique 591:618 For instance, some of the sludges were pre-treated by acid, ultrasonic, thermal, alkaline, or advanced oxidation technique. 28002760 0 43 theme sludge 47:52 arg1 types 38:42 different types 28:42 different types of sludge 28:52 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 7 44 theme TB 1386:1387 arg1 EPS 1389:1391 TB EPS 1386:1391 TB EPS 1386:1391 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 0 45 dep Evaluating 0:9 arg1 role 83:86 The role 79:86 The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances 79:149 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 8 46 theme size-exclusion 1511:1524 arg1 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 46 theme size-exclusion 1511:1524 arg1 detection 1583:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection 1511:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND) 1511:1604 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 47 from compounds 1472:1480 arg1 EPS 1488:1490 LB EPS 1485:1490 LB EPS 1485:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 48 theme carbon 1549:1554 arg1 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 48 theme carbon 1549:1554 arg1 detection 1583:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection 1511:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND) 1511:1604 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 1 49 theme organic 245:251 arg1 compounds 253:261 the key organic compounds 237:261 the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability 237:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 4 50 theme bound 826:830 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 50 theme bound 826:830 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 6 51 theme principal 1090:1098 arg1 component 1100:1108 principal component 1 1090:1110 principal component 1 1090:1110 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 8 52 theme nitrogen 1574:1581 arg1 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 52 theme nitrogen 1574:1581 arg1 detection 1583:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection 1511:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND) 1511:1604 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 6 53 theme principal 1164:1172 arg1 component 1174:1182 principal component 2 1164:1184 principal component 2 1164:1184 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 7 54 theme corresponding 1348:1360 arg1 compounds 1362:1370 the corresponding compounds 1344:1370 the corresponding compounds 1344:1370 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 9 55 theme numerical 1609:1617 arg1 model 1646:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 2 56 theme organic 450:456 arg1 composition 458:468 organic composition 450:468 organic composition 450:468 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 3 57 dep ultrasonic 557:566 arg1 thermal 569:575 thermal 569:575 thermal 569:575 For instance, some of the sludges were pre-treated by acid, ultrasonic, thermal, alkaline, or advanced oxidation technique. 28002760 9 58 theme linear 1628:1633 arg1 model 1646:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model 1607:1650 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 7 59 theme eigenvector 1309:1319 arg1 values 1332:1337 higher eigenvector projection values 1302:1337 higher eigenvector projection values 1302:1337 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 1 60 theme different 190:198 arg1 types 200:204 20 different types 187:204 20 different types of sludge 187:214 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 0 61 theme polymeric 130:138 arg1 substances 140:149 extracellular polymeric substances 116:149 extracellular polymeric substances 116:149 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 3 62 theme ultrasonic 557:566 arg1 alkaline 578:585 ultrasonic, thermal, alkaline 557:585 alkaline 578:585 For instance, some of the sludges were pre-treated by acid, ultrasonic, thermal, alkaline, or advanced oxidation technique. 28002760 4 63 theme bound 857:861 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 63 theme bound 857:861 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 6 64 theme variations 1220:1229 arg1 variations 1220:1229 total EPS variations 1210:1229 total EPS variations 1210:1229 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 6 64 theme variations 1220:1229 arg1 % 1205:1205 25.46% 1200:1205 25.46% of total EPS variations 1200:1229 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 6 65 theme total 1136:1140 arg1 variations 1146:1155 total EPS variations 1136:1155 total EPS variations 1136:1155 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 6 66 theme total 1210:1214 arg1 variations 1220:1229 total EPS variations 1210:1229 total EPS variations 1210:1229 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 7 67 from EPS 1389:1391 arg1 component 1406:1414 principal component 1 1396:1416 principal component 1 1396:1416 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 4 68 from polysaccharide 778:791 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 68 from polysaccharide 778:791 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 68 from polysaccharide 778:791 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 68 from polysaccharide 778:791 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 68 from polysaccharide 778:791 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 68 from polysaccharide 778:791 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 69 theme sludge 695:700 arg1 filterability 702:714 sludge filterability 695:714 sludge filterability 695:714 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 70 from protein 766:772 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 70 from protein 766:772 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 70 from protein 766:772 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 70 from protein 766:772 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 70 from protein 766:772 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 70 from protein 766:772 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 71 theme correlation 635:645 arg1 results 647:653 The Pearson's correlation results 621:653 The Pearson's correlation results 621:653 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 72 from carbon 758:763 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 72 from carbon 758:763 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 72 from carbon 758:763 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 72 from carbon 758:763 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 72 from carbon 758:763 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 72 from carbon 758:763 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 0 73 theme compounds 103:111 arg1 role 83:86 The role 79:86 The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances 79:149 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 8 74 theme Further 1419:1425 arg1 characterization 1427:1442 Further characterization 1419:1442 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS 1419:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 9 75 theme LB 1722:1723 arg1 EPS 1725:1727 LB EPS and sludge filterability 1722:1752 EPS 1725:1727 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 0 76 theme organic 95:101 arg1 compounds 103:111 key organic compounds 91:111 key organic compounds 91:111 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 4 77 from pH 736:737 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 77 from pH 736:737 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 77 from pH 736:737 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 77 from pH 736:737 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 77 from pH 736:737 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 77 from pH 736:737 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 5 78 theme principal 881:889 arg1 PCA 911:913 PCA 911:913 PCA 911:913 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 5 78 theme principal 881:889 arg1 analysis 901:908 principal component analysis 881:908 The principal component analysis (PCA) method 877:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 7 79 from carbon 1250:1255 arg1 EPS 1291:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 4 80 theme dissolved 740:748 arg1 carbon 758:763 dissolved organic carbon 740:763 dissolved organic carbon 740:763 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 2 81 theme different 379:387 arg1 types 389:393 The different types 375:393 The different types of sludge 375:403 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 1 82 theme filterability 360:372 arg1 variations 339:348 variations 339:348 variations of sludge filterability 339:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 4 83 from potential 725:733 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 83 from potential 725:733 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 83 from potential 725:733 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 83 from potential 725:733 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 83 from potential 725:733 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 83 from potential 725:733 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 7 84 from protein 1258:1264 arg1 EPS 1291:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 2 85 theme solids 429:434 arg1 content 441:447 initial total solids (TS) content 415:447 initial total solids (TS) content 415:447 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 8 86 theme key 1460:1462 arg1 compounds 1472:1480 fractionized key organic compounds 1447:1480 fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS 1447:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 9 87 from compounds 1709:1717 arg1 EPS 1725:1727 LB EPS and sludge filterability 1722:1752 EPS 1725:1727 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 9 87 from compounds 1709:1717 arg1 filterability 1740:1752 LB EPS and sludge filterability 1722:1752 filterability 1740:1752 A numerical multiple linear regression model was established to describe relationship between organic compounds in LB EPS and sludge filterability. 28002760 0 88 theme different 28:36 arg1 types 38:42 different types 28:42 different types of sludge 28:52 Evaluating filterability of different types of sludge by statistical analysis: The role of key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances. 28002760 1 89 theme extracellular 266:278 arg1 EPS 302:304 EPS 302:304 EPS 302:304 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 1 89 theme extracellular 266:278 arg1 substances 290:299 extracellular polymeric substances 266:299 extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability 266:372 An investigation was conducted for 20 different types of sludge in order to identify the key organic compounds in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that are important in assessing variations of sludge filterability. 28002760 7 90 from polysaccharide 1270:1283 arg1 EPS 1291:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 2 91 theme initial 415:421 arg1 solids 429:434 initial total solids 415:434 initial total solids (TS) content 415:447 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 2 91 theme initial 415:421 arg1 TS 437:438 TS 437:438 TS 437:438 The different types of sludge varied in initial total solids (TS) content, organic composition and pre-treatment methods. 28002760 8 92 theme compounds 1472:1480 arg1 characterization 1427:1442 Further characterization 1419:1442 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS 1419:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 3 93 theme oxidation 600:608 arg1 technique 610:618 advanced oxidation technique 591:618 advanced oxidation technique 591:618 For instance, some of the sludges were pre-treated by acid, ultrasonic, thermal, alkaline, or advanced oxidation technique. 28002760 8 94 theme LB 1485:1486 arg1 EPS 1488:1490 LB EPS 1485:1490 LB EPS 1485:1490 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 6 95 theme EPS 1216:1218 arg1 variations 1220:1229 total EPS variations 1210:1229 total EPS variations 1210:1229 Two principal components were extracted: principal component 1 accounted for 59.24% of total EPS variations, while principal component 2 accounted for 25.46% of total EPS variations. 28002760 4 96 theme soluble 796:802 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 96 theme soluble 796:802 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 97 from filterability 702:714 arg1 EPS 863:865 tightly bound EPS 849:865 tightly bound EPS (TB EPS) 849:874 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 97 from filterability 702:714 arg1 EPS 812:814 SB EPS 809:814 SB EPS 809:814 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 97 from filterability 702:714 arg1 EPS 840:842 LB EPS 837:842 LB EPS 837:842 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 97 from filterability 702:714 arg1 EPS 804:806 soluble EPS 796:806 soluble EPS (SB EPS) 796:815 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 97 from filterability 702:714 arg1 EPS 871:873 TB EPS 868:873 TB EPS 868:873 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 4 97 from filterability 702:714 arg1 EPS 832:834 loosely bound EPS 818:834 loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) 818:843 The Pearson's correlation results showed significant correlations between sludge filterability and zeta potential, pH, dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in soluble EPS (SB EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB EPS). 28002760 5 98 theme analysis 901:908 arg1 method 916:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method 877:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method 877:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28002760 7 99 theme LB 1288:1289 arg1 EPS 1291:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 LB EPS 1288:1293 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 7 100 theme principal 1396:1404 arg1 component 1406:1414 principal component 1 1396:1416 principal component 1 1396:1416 Dissolved organic carbon, protein and polysaccharide in LB EPS showed higher eigenvector projection values than the corresponding compounds in SB EPS and TB EPS in principal component 1. 28002760 8 101 theme chromatography-organic 1526:1547 arg1 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 LC-OCD-OND 1594:1603 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 8 101 theme chromatography-organic 1526:1547 arg1 detection 1583:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection 1511:1591 size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND) 1511:1604 Further characterization of fractionized key organic compounds in LB EPS was conducted with size-exclusion chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). 28002760 5 102 used used 927:930 arg2 method 916:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method 877:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method 877:921 The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to further explore correlations between variables and similarities among EPS fractions of different types of sludge. 28939510 7 0 theme immunostimulant 1122:1136 arg1 PSP 993:995 PSP 993:995 PSP 993:995 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 7 0 theme immunostimulant 1122:1136 arg1 agent 1138:1142 a potential immunostimulant agent 1110:1142 a potential immunostimulant agent 1110:1142 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 4 1 theme RAW264.7 619:626 arg1 macrophages 628:638 RAW264.7 macrophages 619:638 RAW264.7 macrophages 619:638 The PSP could significantly stimulate neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. 28939510 5 2 theme peritoneal 804:813 arg1 phagocytosis 826:837 peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis 804:837 T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis 751:837 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 5 3 theme B 762:762 arg1 proliferation 769:781 B cell proliferation 762:781 B cell proliferation 762:781 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 5 4 theme spleen 711:716 arg1 indexes 729:735 spleen and thymus indexes 711:735 spleen and thymus indexes 711:735 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 1 5 from sibiricum 197:205 arg1 polysaccharide 165:178 the polysaccharide 161:178 the polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum (PSP) 161:211 In this study, the polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum (PSP) was evaluated for the immunomodulatory activity by the cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed-model in vivo. 28939510 0 6 theme Balb/c 133:138 arg1 mice 140:143 Balb/c mice 133:143 Balb/c mice 133:143 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 7 7 theme potential 1112:1120 arg1 PSP 993:995 PSP 993:995 PSP 993:995 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 7 7 theme potential 1112:1120 arg1 agent 1138:1142 a potential immunostimulant agent 1110:1142 a potential immunostimulant agent 1110:1142 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 6 8 theme TNF-α 896:900 arg1 levels 880:885 the levels 876:885 the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice 876:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 1 9 theme -induced 289:296 arg1 immunosuppressed-model 298:319 the cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed-model 264:319 the cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed-model 264:319 In this study, the polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum (PSP) was evaluated for the immunomodulatory activity by the cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed-model in vivo. 28939510 5 10 theme proliferation 769:781 arg1 responses 783:791 T cell and B cell proliferation responses 751:791 T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis 751:837 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 6 11 theme IL-10 912:916 arg1 levels 880:885 the levels 876:885 the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice 876:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 5 12 theme cyclophosphamide 659:674 arg1 group 676:680 the cyclophosphamide group 655:680 the cyclophosphamide group 655:680 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 4 13 theme macrophages 628:638 arg1 phagocytosis 603:614 neutral red phagocytosis 591:614 neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages 591:638 The PSP could significantly stimulate neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. 28939510 5 14 theme macrophage 815:824 arg1 phagocytosis 826:837 peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis 804:837 T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis 751:837 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 6 15 theme IL-8 903:906 arg1 levels 880:885 the levels 876:885 the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice 876:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 2 16 theme properties 399:408 arg1 compositions 433:444 monosaccharide compositions 418:444 monosaccharide compositions 418:444 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 2 16 theme properties 399:408 arg1 confirmation 461:472 structural confirmation 450:472 structural confirmation 450:472 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 2 16 theme properties 399:408 arg1 variety 379:385 a variety 377:385 a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation 377:472 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 2 16 theme properties 399:408 arg1 properties 399:408 chemical properties 390:408 chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation 390:472 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 4 17 theme neutral 591:597 arg1 phagocytosis 603:614 neutral red phagocytosis 591:614 neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages 591:638 The PSP could significantly stimulate neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. 28939510 2 18 theme chemical 390:397 arg1 compositions 433:444 monosaccharide compositions 418:444 monosaccharide compositions 418:444 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 2 18 theme chemical 390:397 arg1 confirmation 461:472 structural confirmation 450:472 structural confirmation 450:472 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 2 18 theme chemical 390:397 arg1 properties 399:408 chemical properties 390:408 chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation 390:472 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 2 19 theme structural 450:459 arg1 confirmation 461:472 structural confirmation 450:472 structural confirmation 450:472 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 0 20 theme protective 21:30 arg1 effect 32:37 protective effect 21:37 protective effect 21:37 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 5 21 theme T 751:751 arg1 cell 753:756 T cell 751:756 T cell 751:756 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 3 22 theme main 501:504 arg1 components 506:515 the main components 497:515 the main components of PSP 497:522 The results show that the main components of PSP were galactose and rhamnose. 28939510 3 22 theme main 501:504 arg1 galactose 529:537 galactose 529:537 galactose 529:537 The results show that the main components of PSP were galactose and rhamnose. 28939510 0 23 theme Polygonatum 42:52 arg1 polysaccharide 64:77 Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 42:77 Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 42:77 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 4 24 theme red 599:601 arg1 phagocytosis 603:614 neutral red phagocytosis 591:614 neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages 591:638 The PSP could significantly stimulate neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages. 28939510 5 25 theme cell 753:756 arg1 responses 783:791 T cell and B cell proliferation responses 751:791 T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis 751:837 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 0 26 from immunosuppression 112:128 arg1 mice 140:143 Balb/c mice 133:143 Balb/c mice 133:143 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 6 27 theme dose-dependent 959:972 arg1 manner 974:979 a dose-dependent manner 957:979 a dose-dependent manner 957:979 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 7 28 theme Cy-treated 1073:1082 arg1 mice 1084:1087 the Cy-treated mice 1069:1087 the Cy-treated mice 1069:1087 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 6 29 from levels 880:885 arg1 serum 925:929 the serum 921:929 the serum of the Cy-treated mice 921:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 1 30 theme immunomodulatory 235:250 arg1 activity 252:259 the immunomodulatory activity 231:259 the immunomodulatory activity 231:259 In this study, the polysaccharide from Polygonatum sibiricum (PSP) was evaluated for the immunomodulatory activity by the cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed-model in vivo. 28939510 0 31 theme polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization 0:15 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 0 31 theme polysaccharide 64:77 arg1 effect 32:37 protective effect 21:37 protective effect 21:37 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 5 32 theme thymus 722:727 arg1 indexes 729:735 spleen and thymus indexes 711:735 spleen and thymus indexes 711:735 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 6 33 theme IL-2 890:893 arg1 levels 880:885 the levels 876:885 the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice 876:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 3 34 theme PSP 520:522 arg1 components 506:515 the main components 497:515 the main components of PSP 497:522 The results show that the main components of PSP were galactose and rhamnose. 28939510 3 34 theme PSP 520:522 arg1 galactose 529:537 galactose 529:537 galactose 529:537 The results show that the main components of PSP were galactose and rhamnose. 28939510 0 35 theme sibiricum 54:62 arg1 polysaccharide 64:77 Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 42:77 Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide 42:77 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 6 36 theme mice 949:952 arg1 serum 925:929 the serum 921:929 the serum of the Cy-treated mice 921:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 5 37 theme indexes 729:735 arg1 recovery 699:706 recovery 699:706 recovery of spleen and thymus indexes 699:735 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 28939510 7 38 theme important 1007:1015 arg1 role 1017:1020 an important role 1004:1020 an important role 1004:1020 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 6 39 theme Cy-treated 938:947 arg1 mice 949:952 the Cy-treated mice 934:952 the Cy-treated mice 934:952 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 6 40 theme PSP 853:855 arg1 treatment 857:865 PSP treatment 853:865 PSP treatment 853:865 In addition, PSP treatment restored the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10 in the serum of the Cy-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. 28939510 7 41 from protection 1029:1038 arg1 mice 1084:1087 the Cy-treated mice 1069:1087 the Cy-treated mice 1069:1087 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 0 42 theme cyclophosphamide-induced 87:110 arg1 immunosuppression 112:128 cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression 87:128 cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice 87:143 Characterization and protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice. 28939510 2 43 theme monosaccharide 418:431 arg1 compositions 433:444 monosaccharide compositions 418:444 monosaccharide compositions 418:444 The PSP has been analyzed in order to identify a variety of chemical properties such as monosaccharide compositions and structural confirmation. 28939510 7 44 used used 1102:1105 arg2 agent 1138:1142 a potential immunostimulant agent 1110:1142 a potential immunostimulant agent 1110:1142 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 7 44 used used 1102:1105 arg2 PSP 993:995 PSP 993:995 PSP 993:995 Therefore, PSP played an important role in the protection against immunosuppression in the Cy-treated mice and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. 28939510 5 45 theme cell 764:767 arg1 proliferation 769:781 B cell proliferation 762:781 B cell proliferation 762:781 Compared with the cyclophosphamide group, PSP accelerated recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, and enhanced T cell and B cell proliferation responses as well as peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis. 26652188 0 0 theme Biopolymers 61:71 arg1 Design 51:56 the Architectural Design 33:56 the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 33:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 4 1 theme waxes 937:941 arg1 deposition 911:920 deposition 911:920 deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties 911:963 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 3 2 theme polysaccharide-rich 520:538 arg1 matrices 550:557 polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 520:557 polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 520:557 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 1 3 theme polyesters 229:238 arg1 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 3 theme polyesters 229:238 arg1 composites 205:214 natural macromolecular composites 182:214 natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges 182:309 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 3 theme polyesters 229:238 arg1 cuticles 136:143 Plant cuticles 130:143 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces 130:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 3 theme polyesters 229:238 arg1 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 5 4 theme cuticular 1253:1261 arg1 surfaces 1263:1270 their cuticular surfaces 1247:1270 their cuticular surfaces 1247:1270 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 4 5 theme hydrophobic 925:935 arg1 waxes 937:941 hydrophobic waxes 925:941 hydrophobic waxes 925:941 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 1 6 from cuticles 136:143 arg1 surfaces 169:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 3 7 theme cell-wall 540:548 arg1 matrices 550:557 polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 520:557 polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 520:557 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 5 8 dep exhibit 1172:1178 arg1 increasing 1276:1285 increasing 1276:1285 increasing their susceptibility to fracture 1276:1318 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 5 8 dep exhibit 1172:1178 arg1 stiffening 1236:1245 stiffening 1236:1245 stiffening their cuticular surfaces 1236:1270 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 0 9 theme Native 76:81 arg1 Cuticles 120:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 4 10 theme aromatic 947:954 arg1 moieties 956:963 aromatic moieties 947:963 aromatic moieties 947:963 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 4 11 theme underlying 801:810 arg1 walls 832:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 5 12 theme collective 1205:1214 arg1 motions 1227:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 4 13 theme cell 827:830 arg1 walls 832:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 4 14 theme fruit 1078:1082 arg1 development 1084:1094 fruit development 1078:1094 fruit development 1078:1094 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 1 15 theme mechanical 252:261 arg1 integrity 263:271 mechanical integrity 252:271 mechanical integrity 252:271 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 5 16 theme biopolymer 1216:1225 arg1 motions 1227:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 3 17 theme solid-state 560:570 arg1 spectra 576:582 solid-state NMR spectra 560:582 solid-state NMR spectra 560:582 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 1 18 theme outer 148:152 arg1 surfaces 169:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 3 19 theme NMR 572:574 arg1 spectra 576:582 solid-state NMR spectra 560:582 solid-state NMR spectra 560:582 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 5 20 theme Fruit 1097:1101 arg1 mutants 1126:1132 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants 1097:1132 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance 1097:1170 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 1 21 theme fruit 154:158 arg1 surfaces 169:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 5 22 theme local 1195:1199 arg1 motions 1227:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 0 23 theme Solid-State 0:10 arg1 NMR 18:20 Solid-State (13)C NMR 0:20 Solid-State (13)C NMR 0:20 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 5 24 theme cutin-deficient 1103:1117 arg1 mutants 1126:1132 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants 1097:1132 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance 1097:1170 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 1 25 theme leaf 164:167 arg1 surfaces 169:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 outer fruit and leaf surfaces 148:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 0 26 theme Tomato 107:112 arg1 Cuticles 120:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 3 27 theme spin 588:591 arg1 times 604:608 spin relaxation times 588:608 spin relaxation times 588:608 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 4 28 theme outer 876:880 arg1 cutin 892:896 outer epidermal cutin 876:896 outer epidermal cutin 876:896 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 0 29 theme Altered 99:105 arg1 Cuticles 120:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 3 30 theme developmental 676:688 arg1 stages 690:695 different developmental stages 666:695 different developmental stages 666:695 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 3 31 theme relaxation 593:602 arg1 times 604:608 spin relaxation times 588:608 spin relaxation times 588:608 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 1 32 theme environmental 286:298 arg1 challenges 300:309 environmental challenges 286:309 environmental challenges 286:309 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 4 33 theme cross-links 1008:1018 arg1 formation 985:993 the formation 981:993 the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development 981:1094 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 5 34 theme efficient 1185:1193 arg1 motions 1227:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions 1180:1233 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 3 35 dep framework 422:430 arg1 the 407:409 the 407:409 the 407:409 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 1 36 theme natural 182:188 arg1 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 36 theme natural 182:188 arg1 composites 205:214 natural macromolecular composites 182:214 natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges 182:309 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 36 theme natural 182:188 arg1 cuticles 136:143 Plant cuticles 130:143 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces 130:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 36 theme natural 182:188 arg1 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 0 37 theme C 16:16 arg1 NMR 18:20 Solid-State (13)C NMR 0:20 Solid-State (13)C NMR 0:20 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 0 38 theme Fruit 114:118 arg1 Cuticles 120:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 0 39 from Design 51:56 arg1 Cuticles 120:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 76:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 3 40 theme tomato 629:634 arg1 system 648:653 a tomato fruit model system 627:653 a tomato fruit model system 627:653 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 1 41 theme macromolecular 190:203 arg1 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 41 theme macromolecular 190:203 arg1 composites 205:214 natural macromolecular composites 182:214 natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges 182:309 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 41 theme macromolecular 190:203 arg1 cuticles 136:143 Plant cuticles 130:143 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces 130:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 41 theme macromolecular 190:203 arg1 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 5 42 with mutants 1126:1132 arg1 resistance 1161:1170 compromised microbial resistance 1139:1170 compromised microbial resistance 1139:1170 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 3 43 theme different 666:674 arg1 stages 690:695 different developmental stages 666:695 different developmental stages 666:695 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 4 44 theme cutin 892:896 arg1 structures 862:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures 839:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin 839:896 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 3 45 theme versatile 463:471 arg1 functions 473:481 the versatile functions 459:481 the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 459:557 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 4 46 theme cutin 764:768 arg1 balance 749:755 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance 721:755 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin 721:768 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 4 47 theme cell-wall 998:1006 arg1 cross-links 1008:1018 cell-wall cross-links 998:1018 cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development 998:1094 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 4 48 theme moieties 956:963 arg1 deposition 911:920 deposition 911:920 deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties 911:963 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 5 49 theme compromised 1139:1149 arg1 resistance 1161:1170 compromised microbial resistance 1139:1170 compromised microbial resistance 1139:1170 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 4 50 theme epidermal 882:890 arg1 cutin 892:896 outer epidermal cutin 876:896 outer epidermal cutin 876:896 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 2 51 theme raw 340:342 arg1 materials 344:352 renewable raw materials 330:352 renewable raw materials for cosmetics, packaging, and coatings 330:391 They also provide renewable raw materials for cosmetics, packaging, and coatings. 26652188 4 52 theme acid 857:860 arg1 structures 862:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures 839:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin 839:896 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 5 53 theme microbial 1151:1159 arg1 resistance 1161:1170 compromised microbial resistance 1139:1170 compromised microbial resistance 1139:1170 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 4 54 theme fatty 851:855 arg1 structures 862:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures 839:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin 839:896 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 5 55 theme tomato 1119:1124 arg1 mutants 1126:1132 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants 1097:1132 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance 1097:1170 Fruit cutin-deficient tomato mutants with compromised microbial resistance exhibit less efficient local and collective biopolymer motions, stiffening their cuticular surfaces and increasing their susceptibility to fracture. 26652188 2 56 theme renewable 330:338 arg1 materials 344:352 renewable raw materials 330:352 renewable raw materials for cosmetics, packaging, and coatings 330:391 They also provide renewable raw materials for cosmetics, packaging, and coatings. 26652188 4 57 theme polysaccharide 812:825 arg1 walls 832:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 4 58 theme hydroxy 843:849 arg1 structures 862:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures 839:871 the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin 839:896 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 4 59 with compatibility 778:790 arg1 walls 832:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 the underlying polysaccharide cell walls 797:836 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 3 60 theme biopolymers 492:502 arg1 functions 473:481 the versatile functions 459:481 the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 459:557 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 3 61 theme cutin 486:490 arg1 biopolymers 492:502 cutin biopolymers 486:502 cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices 486:557 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 4 62 theme cuticle 1053:1059 arg1 composite 1061:1069 the cuticle composite 1049:1069 the cuticle composite 1049:1069 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 3 63 theme surface 701:707 arg1 phenotypes 709:718 surface phenotypes 701:718 surface phenotypes 701:718 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 3 64 theme fruit 636:640 arg1 system 648:653 a tomato fruit model system 627:653 a tomato fruit model system 627:653 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 4 65 theme hydrophilic-hydrophobic 725:747 arg1 balance 749:755 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance 721:755 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin 721:768 The hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the cutin ensures compatibility with the underlying polysaccharide cell walls; the hydroxy fatty acid structures of outer epidermal cutin also support deposition of hydrophobic waxes and aromatic moieties while promoting the formation of cell-wall cross-links that rigidify and strengthen the cuticle composite during fruit development. 26652188 1 66 theme waxes 219:223 arg1 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 66 theme waxes 219:223 arg1 composites 205:214 natural macromolecular composites 182:214 natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges 182:309 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 66 theme waxes 219:223 arg1 cuticles 136:143 Plant cuticles 130:143 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces 130:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 66 theme waxes 219:223 arg1 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 0 67 theme Architectural 37:49 arg1 Design 51:56 the Architectural Design 33:56 the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles 33:127 Solid-State (13)C NMR Delineates the Architectural Design of Biopolymers in Native and Genetically Altered Tomato Fruit Cuticles. 26652188 3 68 theme structural 411:420 arg1 framework 422:430 structural framework 411:430 structural framework 411:430 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 3 69 theme model 642:646 arg1 system 648:653 a tomato fruit model system 627:653 a tomato fruit model system 627:653 To delineate the structural framework and flexibility underlying the versatile functions of cutin biopolymers associated with polysaccharide-rich cell-wall matrices, solid-state NMR spectra and spin relaxation times were measured in a tomato fruit model system, including different developmental stages and surface phenotypes. 26652188 1 70 theme Plant 130:134 arg1 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 waxes 219:223 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 70 theme Plant 130:134 arg1 composites 205:214 natural macromolecular composites 182:214 natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges 182:309 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 70 theme Plant 130:134 arg1 cuticles 136:143 Plant cuticles 130:143 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces 130:176 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 26652188 1 70 theme Plant 130:134 arg1 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 polyesters 229:238 Plant cuticles on outer fruit and leaf surfaces are natural macromolecular composites of waxes and polyesters that ensure mechanical integrity and mitigate environmental challenges. 27584569 8 0 theme allele 1061:1066 arg1 frequencies 1068:1078 their allele frequencies 1055:1078 their allele frequencies 1055:1078 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 10 1 theme variants 1413:1420 arg1 discovery 1388:1396 the discovery 1384:1396 the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene 1384:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 1 2 gly fucosylated 164:174 arg1 glycans 176:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 VWF is extensively glycosylated with biantennary core fucosylated glycans. 27584569 2 3 from glycans 212:218 arg1 VWF 223:225 VWF 223:225 VWF 223:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 4 4 theme α2,3 390:393 arg1 linkage 395:401 the α2,3 linkage 386:401 the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans 386:432 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 10 5 theme ethnic 1440:1445 arg1 diversity 1447:1455 a significant ethnic diversity 1426:1455 a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene 1426:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 5 6 theme VWF 481:483 arg1 synthesis 485:493 VWF synthesis 481:493 VWF synthesis 481:493 This sialic acid modification is critical for VWF synthesis and activity. 27584569 6 7 from polymorphisms 648:660 arg1 gene 684:687 the ST3GAL4 gene 672:687 the ST3GAL4 gene 672:687 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 8 theme Communities 582:592 arg1 study 601:605 Communities (ARIC) study 582:605 Communities (ARIC) study 582:605 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 9 theme 12,117 734:739 arg1 subjects 741:748 12,117 subjects 734:748 12,117 subjects 734:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 5 10 theme sialic 440:445 arg1 modification 452:463 This sialic acid modification 435:463 This sialic acid modification 435:463 This sialic acid modification is critical for VWF synthesis and activity. 27584569 4 11 theme sialic 370:375 arg1 acids 377:381 sialic acids 370:381 sialic acids 370:381 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 10 12 theme ST3GAL4 1464:1470 arg1 gene 1472:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 6 13 from association 615:625 arg1 gene 684:687 the ST3GAL4 gene 672:687 the ST3GAL4 gene 672:687 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 2 14 gly sialylated 231:240 arg1 glycans 212:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans 185:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF 185:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 3 15 theme similar 295:301 arg1 structure 285:293 a glycan structure 276:293 a glycan structure similar to that of VWF 276:316 FVIII is also glycosylated, with a glycan structure similar to that of VWF. 27584569 0 16 from Gene 62:65 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 0:107 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 1 17 gly glycosylated 129:140 arg1 VWF 110:112 VWF 110:112 VWF 110:112 VWF is extensively glycosylated with biantennary core fucosylated glycans. 27584569 3 18 theme glycan 278:283 arg1 structure 285:293 a glycan structure 276:293 a glycan structure similar to that of VWF 276:316 FVIII is also glycosylated, with a glycan structure similar to that of VWF. 27584569 9 19 located found 1107:1111 arg1 GWAS 1121:1124 ARIC GWAS 1116:1124 ARIC GWAS 1116:1124 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 9 19 located found 1107:1111 arg2 SNPs 1102:1105 the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs 1087:1105 the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS 1087:1124 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 7 20 theme ST3GAL4 903:909 arg1 haplotypes 911:920 ST3GAL4 haplotypes 903:920 ST3GAL4 haplotypes 903:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 6 21 with association 615:625 arg1 levels 705:710 plasma VWF levels 694:710 plasma VWF levels 694:710 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 21 with association 615:625 arg1 activity 722:729 FVIII activity 716:729 FVIII activity 716:729 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 0 22 theme VWF 72:74 arg1 Antigen 76:82 VWF Antigen 72:82 VWF Antigen 72:82 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 8 23 theme ST3GAL4 950:956 arg1 variants 958:965 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants 937:965 variants 958:965 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 1 24 theme core 159:162 arg1 glycans 176:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 VWF is extensively glycosylated with biantennary core fucosylated glycans. 27584569 10 25 from discovery 1388:1396 arg1 gene 1472:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 0 26 from Association 0:10 arg1 Gene 62:65 the ST3GAL4 Gene 50:65 the ST3GAL4 Gene 50:65 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 6 27 theme ARIC 595:598 arg1 study 601:605 Communities (ARIC) study 582:605 Communities (ARIC) study 582:605 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 7 28 theme SNP 883:885 arg1 imputation 887:896 SNP imputation 883:896 SNP imputation 883:896 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 0 29 theme VIII 95:98 arg1 Activity 100:107 VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 72:107 VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 72:107 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 8 30 theme ARIC 974:977 arg1 GWAS 979:982 ARIC GWAS 974:982 ARIC GWAS 974:982 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 0 31 from Polymorphisms 33:45 arg1 Gene 62:65 the ST3GAL4 Gene 50:65 the ST3GAL4 Gene 50:65 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 10 32 theme sequencing 1370:1379 arg1 power 1345:1349 the power 1341:1349 the power of next-generation sequencing 1341:1379 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 10 33 from variants 1413:1420 arg1 gene 1472:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 0 34 theme Single 15:20 arg1 Polymorphisms 33:45 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms 15:45 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene 15:65 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 7 35 located found 781:785 arg2 SNPs 776:779 ST3GAL4 SNPs 768:779 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 768:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 7 35 located found 781:785 arg1 subjects 796:803 2,535 subjects 790:803 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 790:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 6 36 theme nucleotide 637:646 arg1 SNPs 663:666 SNPs 663:666 SNPs 663:666 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 36 theme nucleotide 637:646 arg1 polymorphisms 648:660 single nucleotide polymorphisms 630:660 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene 630:687 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 0 37 theme Polymorphisms 33:45 arg1 Association 0:10 Association 0:10 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 0:107 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 10 38 theme genetic 1405:1411 arg1 variants 1413:1420 new genetic variants 1401:1420 new genetic variants 1401:1420 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 6 39 theme FVIII 716:720 arg1 activity 722:729 FVIII activity 716:729 FVIII activity 716:729 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 10 40 from diversity 1447:1455 arg1 gene 1472:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 the ST3GAL4 gene 1460:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 6 41 from levels 705:710 arg1 subjects 741:748 12,117 subjects 734:748 12,117 subjects 734:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 2 42 theme O-linked 203:210 arg1 glycans 212:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans 185:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF 185:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 7 43 from subjects 796:803 arg1 project 853:859 the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project 828:859 the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 828:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 0 44 with Association 0:10 arg1 Activity 100:107 VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 72:107 VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 72:107 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 6 45 theme phenotypic 533:542 arg1 data 544:547 genetic and phenotypic data 521:547 genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects 521:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 2 46 theme N-linked 190:197 arg1 glycans 212:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans 185:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF 185:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 6 47 theme plasma 694:699 arg1 levels 705:710 plasma VWF levels 694:710 plasma VWF levels 694:710 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 7 48 theme 1000G 846:850 arg1 project 853:859 the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project 828:859 the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 828:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 10 49 from gene 1472:1475 arg1 discovery 1388:1396 the discovery 1384:1396 the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene 1384:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 6 50 from gene 684:687 arg1 association 615:625 the association 611:625 the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects 611:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 51 theme genetic 521:527 arg1 data 544:547 genetic and phenotypic data 521:547 genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects 521:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 11 52 theme potential 1489:1497 arg1 mechanisms 1499:1508 potential mechanisms 1489:1508 potential mechanisms through which these intronic SNPs regulate ST3GAL4 biosynthesis and the activity that affects VWF and FVIII 1489:1616 We discuss potential mechanisms through which these intronic SNPs regulate ST3GAL4 biosynthesis and the activity that affects VWF and FVIII. 27584569 7 53 theme Genomes 837:843 arg1 project 853:859 the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project 828:859 the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 828:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 9 54 theme ever-smoking 1288:1299 arg1 status 1301:1306 ever-smoking status 1288:1306 ever-smoking status 1288:1306 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 9 55 theme ST3GAL4 1094:1100 arg1 SNPs 1102:1105 the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs 1087:1105 the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS 1087:1124 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 10 56 theme diversity 1447:1455 arg1 discovery 1388:1396 the discovery 1384:1396 the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene 1384:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 7 57 theme ethnicities 811:821 arg1 subjects 796:803 2,535 subjects 790:803 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 790:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 1 58 theme fucosylated 164:174 arg1 glycans 176:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 VWF is extensively glycosylated with biantennary core fucosylated glycans. 27584569 3 59 gly glycosylated 257:268 arg1 FVIII 243:247 FVIII 243:247 FVIII 243:247 FVIII is also glycosylated, with a glycan structure similar to that of VWF. 27584569 8 60 theme 14 937:938 arg1 variants 958:965 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants 937:965 variants 958:965 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 11 61 theme ST3GAL4 1553:1559 arg1 biosynthesis 1561:1572 ST3GAL4 biosynthesis 1553:1572 ST3GAL4 biosynthesis 1553:1572 We discuss potential mechanisms through which these intronic SNPs regulate ST3GAL4 biosynthesis and the activity that affects VWF and FVIII. 27584569 9 62 theme ARIC 1116:1119 arg1 GWAS 1121:1124 ARIC GWAS 1116:1124 ARIC GWAS 1116:1124 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 4 63 theme acids 377:381 arg1 transfer 358:365 the transfer 354:365 the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans 354:432 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 8 64 theme 1,714 944:948 arg1 variants 958:965 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants 937:965 variants 958:965 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 5 65 theme acid 447:450 arg1 modification 452:463 This sialic acid modification 435:463 This sialic acid modification 435:463 This sialic acid modification is critical for VWF synthesis and activity. 27584569 8 66 from variants 958:965 arg1 databases 994:1002 the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases 970:1002 the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases 970:1002 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 4 67 theme O-glycans 424:432 arg1 termini 406:412 termini 406:412 termini of N- and O-glycans 406:432 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 4 68 from transfer 358:365 arg1 linkage 395:401 the α2,3 linkage 386:401 the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans 386:432 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 6 69 theme Atherosclerosis 558:572 arg1 Risk 574:577 the Atherosclerosis Risk 554:577 the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects 554:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 70 theme single 630:635 arg1 SNPs 663:666 SNPs 663:666 SNPs 663:666 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 70 theme single 630:635 arg1 polymorphisms 648:660 single nucleotide polymorphisms 630:660 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene 630:687 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 4 71 theme N- 417:418 arg1 termini 406:412 termini 406:412 termini of N- and O-glycans 406:432 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 0 72 theme Antigen 76:82 arg1 Activity 100:107 VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 72:107 VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity 72:107 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 1 73 theme biantennary 147:157 arg1 glycans 176:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 biantennary core fucosylated glycans 147:182 VWF is extensively glycosylated with biantennary core fucosylated glycans. 27584569 0 74 theme Factor 88:93 arg1 VIII 95:98 Factor VIII 88:98 Factor VIII 88:98 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 9 75 theme VWF 1198:1200 arg1 levels 1202:1207 VWF levels 1198:1207 VWF levels 1198:1207 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 6 76 theme ST3GAL4 676:682 arg1 gene 684:687 the ST3GAL4 gene 672:687 the ST3GAL4 gene 672:687 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 8 77 theme GWAS 979:982 arg1 databases 994:1002 the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases 970:1002 the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases 970:1002 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 9 78 theme FVIII 1218:1222 arg1 activity 1224:1231 FVIII activity 1218:1231 FVIII activity 1218:1231 Among the 14 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in ARIC GWAS, the intronic rs2186717, rs7928391, and rs11220465 were associated with VWF levels and with FVIII activity after adjustment for age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, ever-smoking status, and ABO. 27584569 8 79 theme 1000G 988:992 arg1 databases 994:1002 the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases 970:1002 the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases 970:1002 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 10 80 theme significant 1428:1438 arg1 diversity 1447:1455 a significant ethnic diversity 1426:1455 a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene 1426:1475 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 0 81 theme Nucleotide 22:31 arg1 Polymorphisms 33:45 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms 15:45 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene 15:65 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 7 82 theme ST3GAL4 768:774 arg1 SNPs 776:779 ST3GAL4 SNPs 768:779 ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 768:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 7 83 theme ethnic 865:870 arg1 diversity 872:880 ethnic diversity 865:880 ethnic diversity 865:880 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 2 84 theme Most 185:188 arg1 glycans 212:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans 185:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF 185:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 7 85 from project 853:859 arg1 subjects 796:803 2,535 subjects 790:803 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 790:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 7 85 from project 853:859 arg1 ethnicities 811:821 26 ethnicities 808:821 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes 808:920 We also analyzed ST3GAL4 SNPs found in 2,535 subjects of 26 ethnicities from the 1000 Genomes (1000G) project for ethnic diversity, SNP imputation, and ST3GAL4 haplotypes. 27584569 6 86 theme polymorphisms 648:660 arg1 association 615:625 the association 611:625 the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects 611:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 2 87 link N-linked 190:197 arg1 glycans 212:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans 185:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF 185:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 6 88 from Risk 574:577 arg1 study 601:605 Communities (ARIC) study 582:605 Communities (ARIC) study 582:605 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 88 from Risk 574:577 arg1 data 544:547 genetic and phenotypic data 521:547 genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects 521:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 10 89 theme next-generation 1354:1368 arg1 sequencing 1370:1379 next-generation sequencing 1354:1379 next-generation sequencing 1354:1379 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 2 90 link O-linked 203:210 arg1 glycans 212:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans 185:218 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF 185:225 Most N-linked and O-linked glycans on VWF are sialylated. 27584569 0 91 theme ST3GAL4 54:60 arg1 Gene 62:65 the ST3GAL4 Gene 50:65 the ST3GAL4 Gene 50:65 Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ST3GAL4 Gene with VWF Antigen and Factor VIII Activity. 27584569 8 92 from diverse 1044:1050 arg1 frequencies 1068:1078 their allele frequencies 1055:1078 their allele frequencies 1055:1078 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 4 93 theme ST3GAL 319:324 arg1 sialyltransferases 326:343 ST3GAL sialyltransferases 319:343 ST3GAL sialyltransferases 319:343 ST3GAL sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids in the α2,3 linkage to termini of N- and O-glycans. 27584569 10 94 theme new 1401:1403 arg1 variants 1413:1420 new genetic variants 1401:1420 new genetic variants 1401:1420 This study illustrates the power of next-generation sequencing in the discovery of new genetic variants and a significant ethnic diversity in the ST3GAL4 gene. 27584569 6 95 from activity 722:729 arg1 subjects 741:748 12,117 subjects 734:748 12,117 subjects 734:748 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 6 96 theme VWF 701:703 arg1 levels 705:710 plasma VWF levels 694:710 plasma VWF levels 694:710 We analyzed genetic and phenotypic data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study for the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ST3GAL4 gene with plasma VWF levels and FVIII activity in 12,117 subjects. 27584569 8 97 from frequencies 1068:1078 arg1 diverse 1044:1050 diverse 1044:1050 diverse 1044:1050 We identified 14 and 1,714 ST3GAL4 variants in the ARIC GWAS and 1000G databases respectively, with 46% being ethnically diverse in their allele frequencies. 27584569 11 98 theme intronic 1530:1537 arg1 SNPs 1539:1542 these intronic SNPs 1524:1542 these intronic SNPs 1524:1542 We discuss potential mechanisms through which these intronic SNPs regulate ST3GAL4 biosynthesis and the activity that affects VWF and FVIII.